hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transpiration stream
In plants, the transpiration stream is the uninterrupted stream of water and solutes which is taken up by the roots and transported via the xylem to the leaves where it evaporates into the air/apoplast-interface of the substomatal cavity. It is driven by capillary action and in some plants by root pressure. The main driving factor is the difference in water potential between the soil and the substomatal cavity caused by transpiration.

Capillary action
Capillary action (sometimes called capillarity, capillary motion, capillary rise, capillary effect, or wicking) is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of external forces like gravity.

The effect can be seen in the drawing up of liquids between the hairs of a paint brush, in a thin tube such as a straw, in porous materials such as paper and plaster, in some non-porous materials such as clay and liquefied carbon fiber, or in biological cells.

It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. If the diameter of the tube is sufficiently small, then the combination of surface tension (which is caused by cohesion within the liquid) and adhesive forces between the liquid and container wall act to propel the liquid.
Anomophaenus
Anomophaenus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species: The genus was first described in 1882 by Charles Adolphe Albert Fauvel.

Anomophaenus costatogranulatus (Chaudoir, 1879)

Anomophaenus depressiusculus Heller, 1916

Anomophaenus granellus (Fauvel, 1882)

Anomophaenus granulipennis Fauvel, 1903

Anomophaenus montanus Heller, 1916

Anomophaenus montrousieri Bänninger, 1939

Anomophaenus plicatifrons Heller, 1916

Anomophaenus tenuistriatus Heller, 1916

Maximilien Chaudoir
Maximilien Chaudoir, or Maximilien, baron de Chaudoir (Russian: Максимилиан де Шодуар; 12 September 1816 – 6 May 1881), was a Russian entomologist. He was a specialist in Coleoptera and in particular the Carabidae. His Cicindelidae are conserved by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. His Carabidae were acquired by Charles Oberthür (1845–1924), then given to the same museum. He wrote Mémoire sur la famille des Carabiques, 6 volumes commencing 1848.
Live from the Bowery Ballroom
Live from the Bowery Ballroom is a live album by Kathleen Edwards. Side one is an audio CD of three performances captured live at New York City's Bowery Ballroom in June 2003. Two tracks are live performances of songs from Edwards' debut album Failer, and one is a cover of AC/DC's "Moneytalks". Side two is a DVD containing her videos for "Six O'Clock News" and "One More Song The Radio Won't Like".

Moneytalks
"Moneytalks" is a song written by Malcolm and Angus Young and produced by Bruce Fairbairn for the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It was released as the second single from the band's 12th studio album, The Razors Edge, on 12 November 1990. A live version of the song recorded on the band's 1990–1991 Razors Edge World Tour appears on AC/DC's 1992 live album, Live.

"Moneytalks" is one of AC/DC's biggest hits, entering the top 40 on the US Billboard Hot 100 (becoming the band's highest-charting single), the UK Singles Chart, and the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. In Finland and New Zealand, it became a top-10 hit. During their subsequent world tour, thousands of "Angus Bucks" were dropped on the audience during the song. A music video of the song, directed by David Mallet, was also released, featuring a live performance during the tour. Despite its popularity, it has not been performed in concert by the band since the tour.
Rebecca O'Brien
Rebecca O'Brien (born 25 October 1957) is a British film producer known for her work with co-producer Ken Loach and scriptwriter Paul Laverty. She has twice been the recipient of the Palme d'Or award at the Cannes Film Festival. She has also won a BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film.

Hidden Agenda (1990 film)
Hidden Agenda is a 1990 political thriller film directed by Ken Loach with a screenplay by Jim Allen. The film stars Frances McDormand, Brian Cox, Brad Dourif, Maurice Roëves, Ian McElhinney, Mai Zetterling and Michelle Fairley. The plot follows the investigation of a killing in Northern Ireland by British security forces.
Punat
Punat is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia on the island of Krk. The municipality has a population of 1,900, with 90% Croats (2021). With Stara Baška being the only other settlement in the municipality, the village of Punat itself has a population of 1,784. The town first appears in writings from 1377 AD, but the exact date of its foundation is not known. It is situated on a bay known for the island of Košljun and the Church of St. Dunat.

2021 Croatian census
The Census of population, households and apartments in the Republic of Croatia in 2021 (Croatian: Popis stanovništva, kućanstva i stanova u Republici Hrvatskoj 2021. godine; shortened: Census 2021, Popis 2021.) was the 4th decennial Croatian census. Census Day, the reference day used for the census, was August 31, 2021. This was the first Croatian census to offer options to online self-numeration, in addition to the paper response form used for previous censuses. The census was taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected its administration. The census recorded a resident population of 3,871,833 in the twenty counties and the City of Zagreb, a decrease of 9.64 percent, or 413,056 over the preceding decade. The fall rate was the biggest ever recorded.
Università telematica internazionale Uninettuno
The UniNettuno University (Italian: Università telematica internazionale UniNettuno), often simply abbreviated as "UniNettuno" is a private university based in Rome, Italy which provides e-learning courses via a consortium of 43 universities, companies, and public bodies. It was founded in 2005 with the approval of the Italian government.

Its overall world rank according to SCImago Institutions Rankings is 32nd, while compared to other universities, and based on a percentile assessment. There are international agreements by UniNettuno with other universities and ministries in the world, including Poland, China, Greece, Colombia, Romania, Morocco, Algeria, Singapore and Dubai among others. There are students enrolled in UniNettuno from more than 160 countries across the world.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Arrondissement of Châteaubriant-Ancenis
The arrondissement of Châteaubriant-Ancenis is an arrondissement of France in the Loire-Atlantique department in the Pays de la Loire region. It has 76 communes. Its population is 231,576 (2021), and its area is 3,157.4 km2 (1,219.1 sq mi).

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire (French pronunciation: [pe.i d(ə) la lwaʁ]) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located on the country's Atlantic coast. It was created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital and most populated city, Nantes, one of a handful of French "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). In 2020, Pays de la Loire had a population of 3,832,120.
James White Crooks
James White Crooks (February 3, 1866 – September 4, 1944) was a pharmacist, business owner and politician in Ontario, Canada. He served as mayor of Port Arthur from 1924 to 1925.

He was born in Woodstock, Canada West and was educated at the Ontario College of Pharmacy. He lived for a short time in West Duluth, Minnesota before moving to Port Arthur in 1886. He opened a drug store in 1891 and went into partnership with Thomas Smellie in 1895. By 1909, he was sole owner of several drug stores in Port Arthur and Fort William. Crooks retired from business in 1935; the pharmacy remained in the family until 1986, when it was purchased by Shoppers Drug Mart. An earlier attempt by Shoppers to purchase the company in 1979 had been turned down by the Canadian Foreign Investment Review Agency.

He served on Port Arthur city council from 1920 to 1923.

Crooks died in St. Petersburg, Florida at the age of 78.

Shoppers Drug Mart
Shoppers Drug Mart Inc. (colloquially Shoppers; named Pharmaprix in Quebec) is a Canadian retail pharmacy chain based in Toronto, Ontario. It has more than 1,300 stores in ten provinces and two territories.

The company was founded by pharmacist Murray Koffler in 1962; the Koffler family still retains ownership of the Super-Pharm pharmacy, which has locations in Israel, Poland, and formerly in China (as Ensure from 2005 to 2011). Super-Pharm's logo is similar to that of Shoppers Drug Mart, which was created by the artist Sylvain Liu. It also uses some of the same private-label brands, such as Life Brand and Quo.

Koffler sold Shoppers Drug Mart to Imasco in 1986, before spinning off into an independent company in 2000; but gained its status a publicly-traded corporation in 2001. In 2014, Brampton-based Loblaw Companies acquired Shoppers Drug Mart for $12.4 billion in cash and stock. By early 2016, Shoppers had over 1,300 locations in Canada.
Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia
The Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada, and Australia (Bulgarian: Българска източноправославна епархия в САЩ, Канада и Австралия) is one of fifteen dioceses of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The diocese is led by Metropolitan Joseph Bosakov of America and Australia. As of 2010 it had 2 monasteries and 20 parishes with 2600 adherents, but 1200 regular attendees.

Holy Synod
In several of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches and Eastern Catholic Churches, the patriarch or head bishop is elected by a group of bishops called the Holy Synod. For instance, the Holy Synod is a ruling body of the Georgian Orthodox Church.

In Oriental Orthodoxy the Holy Synod is the highest authority in the church and it formulates the rules and regulations regarding matters of church organization, faith, and order of service.
Paul-André Crépeau
Paul-André Crépeau, CC OQ FRSC (May 20, 1926 – July 6, 2011) was a Canadian legal academic who led the reforms of the Civil Code of Quebec and the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms.

Born in Gravelbourg, Saskatchewan, he studied philosophy at the University of Ottawa. He received his legal education from the Université de Montréal. He attended University College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar in 1950. In 1955 he received a Doctor of Law from the University of Paris. From 1974 to 1984, he was the director of the Institute of Comparative Law at McGill University. In 1975, he founded the Quebec Research Centre of Private and Comparative Law, and served as its director until 1996. The centre was renamed the Paul-André Crépeau Centre for Private and Comparative Law in his honour in 2012.

Academy
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek: Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded c. 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines an academy as a scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature.
Synothele mullaloo
Synothele mullaloo is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven. The specific epithet mullaloo refers to the type locality.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Capital Collision (2024)
Capital Collision (2024) was a professional wrestling event produced by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). It took place on August 30, 2024, at the Entertainment and Sports Arena in Washington, D.C. This was the third event to be held under the Capital Collision name.

CareFirst Arena
CareFirst Arena, formerly known as the Entertainment and Sports Arena, is an indoor arena in Washington, D.C. It is located on the St. Elizabeths East Campus in the Congress Heights residential neighborhood. The arena is home to the Washington Mystics of the WNBA and the Capital City Go-Go of the NBA G League.  In addition, it houses a practice facility for the Washington Wizards of the NBA.

The arena opened on September 22, 2018. It rebranded as CareFirst Arena in 2025.
Chainpur, Kaimur
Chainpur is a village and corresponding community development block in Kaimur district of Bihar, India. It is located 11 km west of the district headquarters of Bhabua. As of 2011, the village population was 11,306 in 1,653 households, while the block population was 187,692 in 30,189 households. The main village Chainpur was also before known as Malikpur on the name of zamindar Malik Khan. Chainpur was established in early 1600s.

Maharaja Kam Dev Mishra
Maharaja Kam Dév Misir (1438–1532) was a Sakarwar Bhumihar King belonged to Sankrit Gotra who ruled over the region of Fatehpur Sikri and then Fatuhabad near Fatehpur.

He was a ruler of Pahargarh Estate, which mainly comprised what are now the cities of Morena, Gwalior, Jhansi, and Shivpuri. Maharaja Kam Dev was the son of Maharaja Jayraj Dev Singh who was the ruler of the Vijaypur Sikri kingdom. (Fatehpur Sikri). Rao Dham Dev was an ally of Rana Sanga. Kam Dev's descendants went on to populate the areas around ghazipur while his brother Dham Dev Rao’s descendants stayed in morena.

He was a ruler of Pahargarh Estate, which mainly comprised what are now the cities of Morena, Gwalior, Jhansi, and Shivpuri. Maharaja Kam Dev was the son of Maharaja Jayraj Dev Singh who was the ruler of the Vijaypur Sikri kingdom. (Fatehpur Sikri). Kam Dev's descendants went on to populate the areas around Ghazipur while his brother Dham Dev Rao’s descendants stayed in Morena.
Cameroon Cycling Federation
The Cameroon Cycling Federation or FÉCA (in French: Fédération Camerounaise de Cyclisme) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Cameroon. FÉCA is a member of the Confédération Africaine de Cyclisme.

Confédération Africaine de Cyclisme
National cycling federations who are members of the global cycling governing body - the UCI form individual confederations by continent.

Within Africa, this body is the  African Cycling Confederation (Confédération Africaine de Cyclisme), also shortened to CAC who oversee all cycling matters on the African continent. CAC are headquartered in Cairo. with its current President being Dr Mohamed Wagih Azzam having served in this position since 2005.
Pavlov's Dog (band)
Pavlov's Dog is a 1970s progressive rock/AOR band formed in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1972. The name is a reference to the animal(s) used by Ivan Pavlov in his experimentation into classical conditioning.

Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Петрович Павлов, IPA: [ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf] ⓘ; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1849 – 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Pavlov also conducted significant research on the physiology of digestion, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904.
2001 WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 2001 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 42nd conference playoff in league history and 48th season where a WCHA champion was crowned. The 2001 tournament was played between March 9 and March 17, 2001, at five conference arenas and the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota, the home of the NHL's Minnesota Wild. By winning the tournament, St. Cloud State was awarded the Broadmoor Trophy and received the Western Collegiate Hockey Association's automatic bid to the 2001 NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament. This was the inaugural year in which the Xcel Energy Center hosted the WCHA Final Five. It remained there until the conclusion of the 2013 tournament.

Minnesota Wild
The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Wild compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Division in the Western Conference. The team plays its home games at the Grand Casino Arena, and is owned by Craig Leipold. The Wild are affiliated with the Iowa Wild of the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Iowa Heartlanders of the ECHL.

The Wild were founded on June 25, 1997, and began play in the 2000–01 season. The team was founded following the departure of the Minnesota North Stars, who were based in Minnesota from 1967 to 1993, when they relocated to Dallas, Texas, and became the Dallas Stars. The Wild made their first Stanley Cup playoffs appearance in 2003, making a surprise run to the Western Conference finals, but ultimately losing to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. The team have appeared in the playoffs a total of 14 times, and have won one division championship, in 2008.
Stephen G. Rabe
Stephen G. Rabe is a historian based in the United States. Born in Hartford, Connecticut, he received degrees from Hamilton College and the University of Connecticut. His areas of interest include the relations between the US and Latin America, the Vietnam War, and slavery in the United States. Rabe has held a Fulbright Distinguished Chair and the Bicentennial Chair in American Studies at the University of Helsinki.

Rabe's work has been recognized by grants, awards, and prizes from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Historical Association, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Foundation, the Rockefeller Archive Center, the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, the Harvey O. Johnson Prize, the Stuart L. Bernath Prize from the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, and the Bernath Lecture Prize.

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
Lucjusz Nadbereżny
Lucjusz Nadbereżny (born 21 May 1985) is a Polish politician of the Law and Justice party, serving as mayor of Stalowa Wola. He was first elected in the 2014 local elections, and was re-elected in 2018 and 2024. He previously served as city councillor from 2006 to 2014. Since 2015, he has been a member of the National Development Council advising the president of Poland.

Stalowa Wola
Stalowa Wola ([staˈlɔva ˈvɔla]) is the largest city and capital of Stalowa Wola County with a population of 58,545 inhabitants, as at 31 December 2021. It is located in southeastern Poland in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. The city lies in historic Lesser Poland near the confluence of the Vistula and the San rivers, and covers an area of 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi).

Stalowa Wola is one of the youngest cities of Poland. It was built from scratch in the late 1930s in the forests surrounding village of Pławo. The city was designed to be a settlement for workers of Huta Stalowa Wola (known in 1938 to 1939 as Zakłady Poludniowe or Southern Works), a plant built as part of the Central Industrial Region. The name "Stalowa Wola" translates to "Steel Will" in English, reflecting its origins and purpose as a city established to support the steel industry. Stalowa Wola is home to the sports club Stal Stalowa Wola.
Joseba Larrinaga
Joseba Jon Larrinaga Perea (5 June 1968 – 7 May 2013) was a paralympic athlete from Spain who competed mainly in category T46 distance running events. He was born in Aretxabaleta.

Joseba had twice competed at the Paralympics, first in the 1996 then in the 2000. At the 1996 games, he competed in the 5000m and the marathon, finishing fifth in the former and winning a silver medal in the latter in a mixed class of T42-46 behind compatriot Javier Conde, who set a new world record. In the 2000 games, he was restricted to the marathon; however, this time missed out on a medal, managing to finish in fifth.

Joseba died on 7 May 2013 in Aramaio after being struck by a car while riding his bicycle.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Master Crewe as Henry VIII
Master Crewe as Henry VIII is a 1775 portrait painting by the British artist Joshua Reynolds. It depicts John, the three-year old son of the British politician John Crewe. The younger Crewe would grow up to become a soldier and took part in the Macartney Embassy of 1793. He later succeeded his father as Baron Crewe.

The composition was inspired by Holbein's sixteenth century Portrait of Henry VIII. The work as submitted to the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1776 at Pall Mall. Horace Walpole praised the way Reynolds had transformed the "swaggering and colossal haughtiness" of the original image to the "boyish jollity of Master Crewe". The painting is in a private collection but is a long-term loan to the Tate Britain. A mezzotint based on the painting was created by John Raphael Smith.

John Crewe, 1st Baron Crewe
John Crewe, 1st Baron Crewe (27 September 1742 – 28 April 1829), of Crewe Hall in Cheshire, was a British politician. He is chiefly remembered for his sponsorship of the Parliament Act 1782 (22 Geo. 3. c. 41), also known as 'Crewe's Act', which barred customs officers and post office officials from voting.