hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bad character evidence
The Criminal Justice Act 2003 applicable in England and Wales, and to a lesser extent Scotland and Northern Ireland, implemented fundamental changes to the admissibility of evidence relating to character, in respect to defendants and others. The Act is far-reaching, providing for the admissibility of previous convictions in support of a propensity to commit like-offences and untruthfulness. Common law rules in relation to the admissibility of bad character evidence have been abolished, with the existence of one exception.

The legislation draws heavily on the Law Commission Paper No. 273, with some deviations resulting from the Parliamentary debates as the Bill moved through Parliament.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Tennis at the 2023 Pan American Games – Women's singles
The women's singles tennis event of the 2023 Pan American Games was held from October 23 to 29 at the Tennis and Racket Sports Training Centre in Santiago, Chile.

Brazil's Laura Pigossi, the 2020 Olympic bronze medalist in doubles, defeated María Lourdes Carlé from Argentina in the final, 6–2, 6–3, to win the gold medal. It was Brazil's first gold medal at the event since Gisele Miró won it in 1987. Both finalists of the tournament booked tickets to the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Argentina's Julia Riera won the bronze medal, defeating Rebecca Marino from Canada in the bronze-medal match, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1.

Tennis at the 1987 Pan American Games
Tennis competitions at the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis took place from July 13 to 23 at the Indianapolis Tennis Center. A total of five events were held, two each for men and women and a mixed doubles event.
Flurb
Flurb was an American science fiction webzine, edited by  author Rudy Rucker and launched in August 2006.  In addition to short stories, Flurb featured paintings and photography by Rucker.  It was released biannually.  The author of an accepted story retained full copyright, including the right to have the story published elsewhere, and to request that it be taken down at any time.

Flurb releases tended to garner significant online attention, with issues having been mentioned in several blogs including Boing Boing and io9.

Contributors to Flurb included Terry Bisson, Eileen Gunn, John Kessel, Kim Stanley Robinson, Paul Di Filippo, John Shirley, Charles Stross and Cory Doctorow, as well as Rucker himself.

Flurb closed in 2012.

Paul Di Filippo
Paul Di Filippo (born October 29, 1954) is an American science fiction writer.

He is a regular reviewer for print magazines Asimov's Science Fiction, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Science Fiction Eye, The New York Review of Science Fiction, Interzone and Nova Express, as well as online at Science Fiction Weekly. He is a member of the Turkey City Writer's Workshop.

Antonio Urias writes that Di Filippo's writing has a "tradition of the bizarre and the weird".

His novella A Year in the Linear City was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novella.

Since 2013 Di Filippo has written regular book reviews for  Locus Magazine Locus Magazine.
Makoto-chan
Makoto-chan (まことちゃん) is a shōnen gag manga by Kazuo Umezu. The series was initially published in Weekly Shōnen Sunday from April 18, 1976, to July 8, 1981, and later returned from August 24, 1988, to July 26, 1989, as Heisei-ban Makoto-chan (平成版; "Heisei-edition Makoto-chan").

Japanese honorifics
The Japanese language makes use of a system of honorific speech, called keishō (敬称), which includes honorific suffixes and prefixes when talking to, or referring to others in a conversation. Suffixes are often gender-specific at the end of names, while prefixes are attached to the beginning of many nouns. Honorific suffixes also indicate the speaker's level, their relationship, and are often used alongside other components of Japanese honorific speech.

Honorific suffixes are generally used when referring  to the person someone is talking to or third persons, and are not used when referring to oneself. The omission of suffixes indicates that the speaker has known the addressee for a while, or that the listener joined the company or school at the same time or later.
KNCO-FM
KNCO-FM (94.1 FM, "Star 94 FM") is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary music format. Licensed to Grass Valley, California, United States, it serves the Marysville/Yuba City area. The station is currently owned by Nevada County Broadcasters, Inc.

Yuba City, California
Yuba City (Maidu: Yubu) is a city in and the county seat of Sutter County, California, United States. The population was 70,117 at the 2020 census. Yuba City is the principal city of the Yuba City Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Sutter County and Yuba County. The metro area's population is 164,138. It is the 21st largest metropolitan area in California, ranked behind Redding and Chico. Its metropolitan statistical area is part of the Greater Sacramento CSA.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) (EC 4.3.3.6, PdxST) is an enzyme with systematic name D-ribose 5-phosphate,D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-lyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine  pyridoxal 5′-phosphate + L-glutamate + 3 H2O + phosphate (overall reaction)
(1a) L-glutamine + H2O  L-glutamate + NH3
(1b) D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NH3  pyridoxal 5′-phosphate + 4 H2O + phosphate

The enzyme can also use ribulose 5-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms. With the chemical formula H(O)CCH(OH)CH2OPO32-, this anion is a monophosphate ester of glyceraldehyde.
Palazzo Dario
The Palazzo Dario  is a palace located between the Palazzo Barbaro Wolkoff and the narrow Rio delle Torreselle on the Grand Canal  in the sestiere of Dorsoduro, of the city of Venice, Italy. The palace was built in the Venetian Gothic style and was renovated in Renaissance style.

Dorsoduro
Dorsoduro is one of the six historic sestieri (districts) of Venice, Italy, located in the southern part of the city and known for its relatively firm terrain that earned it the name meaning "hard back" or "hard ridge" in Italian, distinguishing it from the more marshy areas of the lagoon. It stretches from the Grand Canal in the north to the Giudecca Canal in the south, encompassing waterfront promenades like the Zattere, the Punta della Dogana viewpoint, and occasionally including the nearby Giudecca island.
Tom Cudworth
Tom Cudworth (born February 15, 1964) is an American screenwriter.

Cudworth grew up in an Italian neighborhood in Bloomfield, New Jersey. After studying filmmaking at Montclair State College, Cudworth co-wrote his first film with Eric Bross, entitled Ten Benny, in 1994. The film featured one of Adrien Brody's first leading roles, and premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 1996.

Cudworth's follow-up film Restaurant garnished critical praise, and was released at the Los Angeles Independent Film Festival on April 17, 1998. Restaurant starred Adrien Brody, Elise Neal, David Moscow, Simon Baker, Malcolm-Jamal Warner, and Lauryn Hill (who performed in Restaurant while pregnant). In 2000, Adrien Brody received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for his role as Chris Calloway in Restaurant.

Elise Neal
Elise Demetria Neal (born March 14, 1966) is an American actress known for her work in television and film. She rose to prominence in 1997 with roles in Rosewood, Money Talks, and Scream 2. She later starred as Yvonne Hughley in the ABC/UPN sitcom The Hughleys (1998–2002), earning two NAACP Image Award nominations for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series. Her notable film credits include Restaurant (1998), Mission to Mars (2000), and Logan (2017). For her performance in Hustle & Flow (2005), she received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
Sharifah Amani
Sharifah Amani binti Syed Zainal Rashid Al-Yahya (born 10 June 1986), better known by her stage name Sharifah Amani, is a Malaysian actress. She is the best known for her role as Orked in Yasmin Ahmad's 'Orked' trilogy (Sepet, Gubra and Mukhsin).

Gol & Gincu The Series
Gol & (Dan) Gincu (Goalpost and Lipsticks) was a 2006 Malaysian TV series spin off from the 2005 film of the same title produced by Red Films and directed by Bernard Chauly, continuing upon the affairs of the all-female futsal team "Bukan Team Biasa" (Malay: "Not an Ordinary Team"). Its first season was first aired from 4 June till 27 August 2006 on 8TV and while its second and final season ran from 8 July to 30 September 2007. The first season of the series was also aired in Singapore on Suria from 26 December 2006 till 20 March 2007.
Last Impression
"Last Impression" is the 12th single by J-pop duo Two-Mix, released by King Records on July 23, 1998. Composed by the duo of Shiina Nagano and Minami Takayama, the song was used as the ending theme of the anime theatrical compilation Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz Special Edition. It was also the duo's final single under King Records.

The single peaked at No. 8 on Oricon's weekly singles chart and sold over 107,000 copies.

Two-Mix
Two-Mix (temporarily known as II MIX⊿DELTA) is a Japanese pop duo formed in 1995 by Minami Takayama (vocals and composer) and Shiina Nagano (synthesizer, composer and lyricist). Their style is fast electronic pop.
1972 Washington Initiative 276
Initiative to the People 276 (or the Public Disclosure Act) was a law approved by the people of Washington in a vote (plebiscite) held in 1972. The law required the state government to establish the Washington State Public Disclosure Commission in order to provide information to the public about campaign fundraising and expenditures  The initiative was passed by the people at the same time as the November 1972 general election, by a margin of 72.02% to 27.98%.

The law has since been superseded by the Washington Public Records Act. The current law on the subject is codified in the Revised Code (RCW), Title 42, Chapter 56.

Revised Code of Washington
The Revised Code of Washington (RCW) is the compilation of all permanent laws currently in force in the U.S. state of Washington.  Temporary laws such as appropriations acts are excluded. It is published by the Washington State Statute Law Committee and the Washington State Code Reviser which it employs and supervises.
Dinur
Dinur is a Hebrew language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben-Zion Dinur (1883-1973), Zionist activist, educator, historian, and Israeli politician

Yehiel Dinur (1909–2001), Jewish writer

Irit Dinur, Israeli mathematician

Yehiel De-Nur
Yehiel De-Nur (Hebrew: יחיאל די-נור; De-Nur means 'of the fire' in Aramaic; also Romanized Dinoor, Di-Nur), also known by his pen name Ka-Tsetnik 135633  (Hebrew: ק.צטניק), born Yehiel Feiner (16 May 1909 – 17 July 2001), was a Jewish writer and Holocaust survivor, whose books were inspired by his time as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp.
M. Shahjahan
Mohammad Shahjahan NBP, NPP, BCGMS, ndc, psc, M Phil is a  retired two star admiral of Bangladesh who was formerly posted at National Defence College as Senior Directing Staff (Navy). Prior to that, he was the Chairman of Chittagong Port Authority. Earlier he served as the chairman of the Mongla Port Authority. In previous he has also served as the Deputy Director General of Bangladesh Coast Guard. Member Blue Economy Cell

Bangladesh Coast Guard
The Bangladesh Coast Guard (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ কোস্ট গার্ড; abbreviated as BCG) is the maritime law enforcement agency of Bangladesh, responsible for safeguarding the country’s territorial waters, exclusive economic zone, and coastal resources. Operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs and with operational control by Navy officials, the Coast Guard conducts maritime security, anti-smuggling operations, search and rescue, and environmental protection missions. Established in 1995, the Coast Guard works closely with the Bangladesh Navy and other national agencies to ensure the safety and security of the nation’s waterways.
(+)-sabinene synthase
(+)-Sabinene synthase (EC 4.2.3.110, SS) is an enzyme with systematic name geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (+)-sabinene-forming]. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

geranyl diphosphate  (+)-sabinene + diphosphate

This enzyme is isolated from Salvia officinalis (sage).

Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis, common sage or sage, is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and native to the Mediterranean region, though it has been naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of culinary use, and in modern times it has been used as an ornamental garden plant. The common name "sage" is also used for closely related species and cultivars.
Bowl feeder
Vibratory bowl feeders, also known as a bowl feeders, are common devices used to orient and feed individual component parts for assembly on industrial production lines. They are used when a randomly sorted bulk package of small components must be fed into another machine one-by-one, oriented in a particular direction.

Production line
A production line is a set of sequential operations established in a factory where components are assembled to make a finished article or where materials are put through a refining process to produce an end-product that is suitable for onward consumption.

Typically, raw materials such as metal ores or agricultural products such as foodstuffs or textile source plants like cotton and flax require a sequence of treatments to render them useful.  For metal, the processes include crushing, smelting and further refining.  For plants, the useful material has to be separated from husks or contaminants and then treated for onward sale.
Electoral district of Box Hill
The electoral district of Box Hill is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, covering an area of 29 square kilometres (11 sq mi) in eastern Melbourne. It contains the suburbs of Box Hill, Box Hill North, Box Hill South, Mont Albert, Mont Albert North, most of Blackburn, Blackburn North, and Blackburn South, and parts of Balwyn North, Burwood, Burwood East, and Surrey Hills.

It lies within the Eastern Metropolitan Region in the upper house, the Legislative Council.

Blackburn North
Blackburn North (formerly North Blackburn) is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 17 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Whitehorse local government area. Blackburn North recorded a population of 7,627 at the 2021 census.

Blackburn North is a predominantly residential suburb, with wide green and leafy streets and houses on quarter acre blocks. The suburb had its start in the early 1960s, much of it being built on land formerly used as an apple orchard. North Blackburn Shopping Centre was originally known as Old Orchard Shopping Centre for this reason, as is Old Orchard Primary School today. North Blackburn Post Office opened on 2 May 1955 and was renamed Blackburn North around 1990.

Prior to the formation of the City of Whitehorse in 1994, Blackburn North was a part of the now defunct City of Nunawading.
Pointe Saint-Mathieu
The Pointe Saint-Mathieu (French) or St Matthew Point (Breton: Lok Mazé) is a headland in the commune of Plougonvelin in Finistere Department in western Brittany, France. Flanked by cliffs 20 meters (66 ft) high, it was the scene of major Anglo-French naval battles in 1293 and 1512.

Battle of Saint-Mathieu
The Battle of Saint-Mathieu took place on 10 August 1512 during the War of the League of Cambrai, near Brest, France, between an English fleet of 25 ships commanded by Sir Edward Howard and a Franco-Breton fleet of 22 ships commanded by René de Clermont. It is possibly the first battle between ships using cannon through ports, although this played a minor role in the fighting. This was one of only two full-fledged naval battles fought by King Henry VIII's Tudor navy, along with the later Battle of the Solent. During the battle, each navy's largest and most powerful ship —  Regent and the Marie-la-Cordelière (or simply Cordelière) – were destroyed in a large explosion aboard the latter.
Brisbane Open House
Brisbane Open House (BOH) is a free annual event which allows the public to discover the architecture, engineering and history in buildings and places in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Selected buildings are open to the public with guided and self-guided tours encouraging visitors to explore Brisbane's built environment.

The event is organised by the Queensland Government Architect, the Brisbane Development Association, and the National Trust of Queensland. It is supported by the Brisbane City Council and a range of program and practice partners and friends of Brisbane Open House.

Brisbane Open House is part of the Open House Worldwide annual cultural event.

Queensland Government Architect
The Queensland Government Architect is a position within the public service of Queensland, Australia with responsibility for the design of government buildings in Queensland. It was formerly known as the Queensland Colonial Architect. The position is located within the Queensland Department of Housing and Public Works.
Merci (Florent Pagny album)
Merci (French pronunciation: [mɛʁsi]) is a 1990 album recorded by French singer Florent Pagny. It was his first studio album and was released on May 1, 1990. The album was a success in France, where it remained in the top 50 for 44 weeks, including two weeks at #10. It was entirely written by the singer himself and contains several songs deemed controversial at the time, such as "Presse qui roule", which is critical of press. The album provided four singles which were moderately successful in France: "J'te jure" (#16), "Ça fait des nuits" (#17), "Presse qui roule" (#24) and "Prends ton temps" (#42).

Kamil Rustam
Kamil Rustam is a guitarist, composer, arranger, songwriter and producer whose musical career has made known as a prolific musician in many different styles.

Rustam was born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and moved at an early age to Paris, France where he worked extensively for most of the top pop French artists, earning the 1985 "Les Victoires de la Musique" for Producer of the Year with his fellow producing partners Manu Katché and Gabriel Yared. He was also nominated as Best Studio Musician at the 1986 and 1987 "Les Victoires de la Musique". 
In 1996, he moved to Los Angeles where he has been busy working in the American entertainment industry. In 2021 he joined the house band of the French Edition of The Voice The Voice (French TV series) and divides his time between the U.S. and France.
Delta Coronae Australis
Delta Coronae Australis is a single star located in the southern constellation of Corona Australis. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.57. The star is located about 174 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +21 km/s.

This object is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K1III. After exhausting the supply of hydrogen at its core, the star expanded off the main sequence and now has 11 times the radius of the Sun. It is a red clump giant, which indicates it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through core helium fusion. The star is 2.8 billion years old with 1.5 times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating 55 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,654 K.

Stellar core
A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the temperature and pressure conditions allow for energy production through thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This energy in turn counterbalances the mass of the star pressing inward; a process that self-maintains the conditions in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium. The minimum temperature required for stellar hydrogen fusion exceeds 107 K (10 MK), while the density at the core of the Sun is over 100 g/cm3. The core is surrounded by the stellar envelope, which transports energy from the core to the stellar atmosphere where it is radiated away into space.
George Șerban
Gheorghe Șerban (25 June 1954 – 31 December 1998) was a Romanian journalist, politician and writer, best known for his role in the writing of the Proclamation of Timișoara in the wake of the 1989 Revolution.

Șerban was born in Buzău. Before 1989, he taught Marxism at the Polytechnic University of Timișoara. After taking part in the Revolution, he became a member of the Timișoara Society and a journalist for Timișoara newspaper.

In 1994, he joined the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD) and was later elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Timiș County.

Timiș County
Timiș (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtimiʃ]) is a county (județ) of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Romania in terms of land area. The county is also part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Yaxley v Gotts
Yaxley v Gotts [1999] is an English contract law case with specific relevance to formalities in land law. The case deals with whether section 2 of the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 which requires that contracts be in writing prevents an oral contract from taking effect where otherwise an interest would arise by proprietary estoppel, i.e. whether the provision in subsection 5 on resulting, implied or constructive trusts covers also proprietary estoppel.

Proprietary estoppel
Proprietary estoppel is a legal claim, especially connected to English land law, which may arise in relation to rights to use the property of the owner. It may even be effective in connection with disputed transfers of ownership. Proprietary estoppel transfers rights if

someone is given a clear assurance that they will acquire a right over property,

they reasonably rely on the assurance,

they act substantially to their detriment on the strength of the assurance, and

it would be unconscionable to go back on the assurance.

If these elements of assurance, reliance and detriment, and unconscionability are present, the usual remedy will be that the property will be transferred to the claimant, if the court views the reliance to warrant a claim in all the circumstances.