hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defendo
Defendo is a Canadian military martial art and a self defence system created during WWII for law enforcement structures by veteran instructors. Creator Bill Underwood had created Combato in 1910, at 15 years old. A "non-boxing or wrestling" unarmed combat system which he taught in Montreal, Quebec, and Toronto, Ontario. Underwood was the first to bring it out of the military and start teaching it as Defendo to the general public, which grew in popularity because of his efforts.

Law enforcement agency
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources. The most common type of law enforcement agency is the police, but various other forms exist as well, including agencies that focus on specific legal violations or are organized and overseen by certain authorities. They typically have various powers and legal rights to allow them to perform their duties, such as the power of arrest and the use of force.
Sucrose esters
Sucrose esters or sucrose fatty acid esters are a group of non-naturally occurring surfactants chemically synthesized from the esterification of sucrose and fatty acids (or glycerides). This group of substances is remarkable for the wide range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) that it covers. The polar sucrose moiety serves as a hydrophilic end of the molecule, while the long fatty acid chain serves as a lipophilic end of the molecule. Due to this amphipathic property, sucrose esters act as emulsifiers; i.e., they have the ability to bind both water and oil simultaneously. Depending on the HLB value, some can be used as water-in-oil emulsifiers, and some as oil-in-water emulsifiers. Sucrose esters are used in cosmetics, food preservatives, food additives, and other products. A class of sucrose esters with highly substituted hydroxyl groups, olestra, is also used as a fat replacer in food.

Sucrose monostearate

Amphiphile
In chemistry, an amphiphile (from Greek  αμφις (amphis) 'both' and  φιλíα (philia) 'love, friendship'), or amphipath, is a dipolar chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic (water-loving, polar) and lipophilic (fat-loving, nonpolar) properties. Such a compound is called amphiphilic or amphipathic. Amphiphilic compounds include surfactants and detergents. The phospholipid amphiphiles are the major structural component of cell membranes.

Amphiphiles are able to self-assemble to form a wide range of supramolecular structures, including micelles, lamellae, nanofibers, and biological membranes. They serve as the basis for many household soaps and detergents.

Amphiphiles are the basis for a number of areas of research in chemistry and biochemistry, notably that of lipid polymorphism.

Organic compounds containing hydrophilic groups at both ends of the molecule are called bolaamphiphilic. The micelles they form in the aggregate are prolate.
Saul Cornell
Saul Cornell is the Paul and Diane Guenther Chair in American History at Fordham University. He was professor of history at Ohio State University and the director of the Second Amendment Research Center at the John Glenn Institute.

John Glenn College of Public Affairs
The John Glenn College of Public Affairs is a public policy and management school at Ohio State University. The Glenn College offers undergraduate, graduate and doctoral programs in public affairs. The Glenn College provides research, training and technical assistance to state, public and nonprofit organizations. The college is named after United States Senator and astronaut John Glenn. On January 30, 2015, the Ohio State University Board of Trustees approved a change of status of the former John Glenn School of Public Affairs making the new John Glenn College of Public Affairs the 15th college at The Ohio State University.
Pasiphila humilis
Pasiphila humilis is a moth of the family Geometridae. This species was first described by Alfred Philpott in 1917. It is endemic to New Zealand and is most commonly observed in the South Island. The larvae feed on the flowers of species in the genus Dracophyllum. Adults are on the wing regularly from October until January.

Alfred Philpott
Alfred Philpott (15 December 1870 – 24 July 1930) was a New Zealand museum curator, entomologist and writer. He was born in Tysoe, Warwickshire, England, on 15 December 1870. He became the first person to describe Zelleria maculata in 1930.
Tom Brower
Thomas M. Brower (born March 3, 1965) is an American politician. He was a Democratic House member of the Hawaii House of Representatives who represented the 22nd district— which includes Waikiki, Ala Moana and Kakaʻako on the island of Oahu. In his spare time he scours streets and parks in his district, looking for shopping carts homeless use to store and move their belongings. He returns good ones to stores and destroys others with his sledgehammer. In 2015 he was injured in another altercation at a homeless camp.

Brower was born at Kapiolani Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. His father, who is Caucasian, worked as a police sergeant; his mother, a Japanese-American, a schoolteacher. He was raised in Belmar and Spring Lake, New Jersey where he attended elementary, middle and high school. He graduated from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa with a bachelor of arts in journalism in 1989.

Waikīkī
Waikīkī  (/ˌwaɪkɪˈkiː/; Hawaiian: [wɐjˈkiːkiː, vɐjˈtiːtiː]) is a Honolulu neighborhood and the eponymous Waikīkī beach on its south shore, on the island of Oʻahu in the U.S. state of Hawaii. (Despite situational use of the spelling "Waikiki", typically in materials aimed at tourists, the spelling "Waikīkī" is official and common.)

Waikīkī Beach is one of six beaches in the district, along with Queen's Beach, Kuhio Beach, Gray's Beach, Fort DeRussy Beach, and Kahanamoku Beach. The sandy beach is almost entirely man-made.

Waikīkī (Hawaii) is home to public places including Kapiʻolani Park, Fort DeRussy, Kahanamoku Lagoon, Kūhiō Beach Park, and Ala Wai Harbor. Waikīkī was the first capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1795 to 1796.
Nabendu Ghosh
Nabendu Ghosh (27 March 1917 – 15 December 2007) was an Indian author in Bengali literature, and screenwriter. He has written screenplays of classic Bollywood movies like, Sujata, Bandini, Devdas, Majhli Didi, Abhimaan and Teesri Kasam. He has written stories for movies like Baap Beti, Shatranj, Raja Jani. He has also acted briefly in Do Bigha Zameen, Teesri Kasam and Lukochuri. Later in his career, he directed four movies as well.

Shatranj
Shatranj (Persian: شطرنج, pronounced [ʃaˈtˤrandʒ]; from Middle Persian chatrang) is an old form of chess, as played in the Sasanian Empire. Its origins lie in the Indian game of chaturanga. Modern chess gradually developed from this game, as it was introduced to Europe by contacts in Muslim Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and in Sicily in the 10th century. In modern Persian, the term is also used as the translation of chess.
Peter Woodman
Peter Woodman FSA MRIA (2 July 1943 – 24 January 2017) was an Irish archaeologist specialising in the Mesolithic period in Ireland. He was a professor emeritus at University College Cork and a former keeper of the Ulster Museum.

Irish Mesolithic
Evidence of human activity during the Mesolithic period in Irish history has been found in excavations at the Mount Sandel Mesolithic site in the north of the island, cremations on the banks of the River Shannon in the west, campsites at Lough Boora in the midlands, and middens and other sites elsewhere in the country.
They Make Beer Commercials Like This
They Make Beer Commercials Like This is the third EP released by the band Minus the Bear on the Arena Rock Recording Co. After being remastered, it was re-released on June 3, 2008, through Suicide Squeeze Records with an added track, "Houston, We Have Uh-Oh". This song was originally released on the compilation, In Honor: A Compilation To Beat Cancer.

Suicide Squeeze Records
Suicide Squeeze Records is a Seattle, Washington-based independent record label that releases rock, pop, and metal music. Suicide Squeeze releases content on vinyl, CD, cassette, and digital. The label has also released comedy and performance art CD and DVDs.

Founded in 1996 by David Dickenson, it got its start releasing singles by artists such as Elliott Smith and Modest Mouse. Current artists include The Coathangers, L.A. Witch, Nü Sensae, This Will Destroy You, Audacity, Guantanamo Baywatch, White Woods, and Yamantaka // Sonic Titan.

In the spring of 2014, Oregon-based Fort George Brewery and Suicide Squeeze created the craft beer "Suicide Squeeze IPA."

In recent years, Suicide Squeeze has released music by L.A. Witch, Ty Segall, This Will Destroy You, cumgirl8, Minus the Bear, Michael Nau (of Cotton Jones), and The Coathangers.
Sombun Phong-aksara
Sombun Phong-aksara (Thai: สมบุญ ผ่องอักษร, RTGS: Phong-akson) was a Thai medical doctor. He graduated medicine from the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, and obtained master's and doctorate degrees in public health from Harvard University and Johns Hopkins University, respectively. His work focused on the tuberculosis situation in Thailand, and as the director of the Department of Disease Control's Chest Disease Clinic, led the first nationwide tuberculosis-control plan in the 1950s. He was the first President of the Medical Council of Thailand, and served as Deputy Minister of Public Health.

Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาล) is the oldest and largest medical school and the oldest of any kind of university faculty in Thailand. The faculty is now part of Mahidol University. Founded in 1889, the faculty was run in co-operation with Siriraj Hospital, the first public hospital in Thailand, which provides students with clinical experience. The faculty's campus and hospital is in the Bangkok Noi District, Bangkok, on the former Rear Palace. The medical school accepts about 250 students for undergraduate education and more than 100 to postgraduate studies each year.
Kosivska Poliana
Kosivska Poliana (Ukrainian: Косівська Поляна, Hungarian: Kaszómező, Yiddish: פאליען-קוסוביצקי, romanized: Polien-Kosovitzki) is a village in the Rakhiv Raion (district) of Zakarpattia Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.

Oblasts of Ukraine
An oblast (Ukrainian: область, romanized: oblast, pronounced [ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ] ⓘ; pl. області, oblasti), sometimes translated as region or province, is the main type of first-level administrative division of Ukraine. The country's territory is divided into 24 oblasts, as well as one autonomous republic and two cities with special status.

As Ukraine is a unitary state, oblasts do not have much legal scope of competence other than that which is established in the Ukrainian Constitution and devolved by law. Articles 140–146 of Chapter XI of the constitution deal directly with local authorities and their competence.

Oblasts are divided into raions, with each oblast having between three and eight raions following the July 2020 reform.
Pyncostola veronica
Pyncostola veronica is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse in 1950. It is found in South Africa, where it has been recorded from Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal.

Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse
Dr Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse, also known as Antonius Johannes Theodorus Janse and by other orthographic variations (19 April 1877 – 12 June 1970), was a pioneer of South African entomology who specialised in Lepidoptera. His multi-volumed work, The Moths of South Africa is recognized as a definitive text.
Immigration and Protection Tribunal
The Immigration and Protection Tribunal is a specialist, independent tribunal established in New Zealand under the Immigration Act 2009  with jurisdiction to hear appeals and applications regarding residence class visas, deportation, and claims to be recognised as a refugee or as a protected person. The Tribunal is administered by the Ministry of Justice and is chaired by a District Court Judge, appointed by the Governor General on the recommendation of the Attorney-General.

Attorney-General (New Zealand)
The Attorney-General (Māori: Rōia Matua) is a political and legal officer in New Zealand. The Attorney-General is simultaneously a ministerial position and the chief law officer of the Crown, and has responsibility for supervising New Zealand law and advising the government on legal matters. The Attorney-General serves both a political and apolitical function. The current Attorney-General is Judith Collins.
Gunnar Kaasen
Gunnar Kaasen (March 11, 1882 – November 27, 1960) was a Norwegian-born musher who delivered a cylinder containing 300,000 units of diphtheria antitoxin to Nome, Alaska, in 1925, as the last leg of a dog sled relay that saved the U.S. city from an epidemic.

Mushing
Mushing is a sport or transport method powered by dogs, either by cart, pulk, dog scootering, sled dog racing, skijoring, freighting, and weight pulling. More specifically, it implies the use of one or more dogs to pull a sled, most commonly a specialized type of dog sled on snow, or a rig on dry land.
John Crellin
John Frissell Crellin MC and Bar JP CP (22 November 1889 – 26 March 1981) was a Manx politician who was a prominent Member of the House of Keys in the Isle of Man.

He was born in Douglas in 1889, the son of John Christian Crellin MHK JP CP and 	
Sophia Harriett Anderson.  He was educated at King William's College and served in the First World War in France and was wounded in 1916, awarded the Military Cross with bar in 1918.

He was appointed Captain of the Parish of Andreas in 1918 and elected to the House of Keys as a Member for Ayre at the 1924 General Election.  Then in 1929 he swapped to Michael, the constituency for which his father and his grandfather sat. He went on to be Chairman of the Local Government Board and of the Fisheries Board as well as a Church Commissioner and a Director of the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company..

Ayre
Ayre (/ɛər/ AIR; Manx: Inver Ayre) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man.

It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) and consists of the three historic parishes of Andreas, Bride and (Kirk Christ) Lezayre.

The town of Ramsey, which is administered separately, covers areas of two historic parishes (Lezayre, and Maughold in the sheading of Garff). It is treated as part of Garff for some purposes, e.g. the coroner.

Other settlements in the sheading include Glen Auldyn and Sulby (both in the parish of Lezayre).
Svengali (1954 film)
Svengali is a 1954 British drama film directed and written by Noel Langley and starring Hildegard Knef, Donald Wolfit and Terence Morgan. It was based on the 1894 novel Trilby by George du Maurier. Svengali hypnotises an artist's model into becoming a great opera singer, but she struggles to escape from his powers. It was distributed in the United States by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Donald Wolfit was a last-minute replacement for actor Robert Newton, who left three weeks into filming and can still be seen in some long shots.

Hildegard Knef
Hildegard Frieda Albertine Knef (German: [ˈhɪldəɡaʁt ˈkneːf] ⓘ; 28 December 1925 – 1 February 2002) was a German actress, singer, and writer. She was billed in some English-language films as Hildegard Neff or Hildegarde Neff.
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Wisconsin, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including an election for Governor of Wisconsin.

People for the American Way
People for the American Way (PFAW /ˈpfɔː/) is a progressive advocacy group in the United States. Organized as a 501(c)(4) non-profit organization, PFAW was registered in 1981 by the television producer Norman Lear, a self-described liberal who founded the organization in 1980 to challenge the Christian right agenda of the Moral Majority.

While publicly known as People for the American Way since its inception, the group only legally held this name from 1985 to 1998. From 1981 to 1985, the group's official name was Citizen for Constitutional Concerns Inc. The group was officially renamed "People for the American Way Foundation" in 1998.
Springfield Armory XD
The Springfield Armory XD is a series of  semi-automatic pistols produced by Springfield Armory, Inc., along with follow-on variants: XD-M, XD-S, and XD-E. Polymer-framed and predominantly striker-fired, the series is manufactured by HS Produkt in Karlovac, Croatia.

Karlovac
Karlovac (pronounced [kâːrloʋats]) is a city in central Croatia. In the 2021 census, its population was 49,377. Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County. The city is located 56 kilometres (35 miles) southwest of Zagreb and 130 km (81 mi) northeast of Rijeka, and is connected to them via the A1 highway and the M202 railway.
2023 Renault Clio Cup Series
The 2023 Renault Clio Cup Series is the 58th season of Renault one-make racing series. It is the fourth season that uses Renault Clio R.S. V. The season began on 7 April at Nogaro and ended on 12 November at Barcelona.

David Pouget from GPA Racing won the series Super Winner title for leading the overall classification, the first time the title is awarded. He also won both the European Cup and French Cup. Adrián Schimpf from AST Competition won the Spanish Cup, Luca Franca from MC Motortecnica won the Italian Cup, and Gabrielle Torelli from Rangoni Corse won the Mid-European Cup.

Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya (Catalan pronunciation: [siɾˈkujd də bəɾsəˈlonə kətəˈluɲə]) is a 4.657 km (2.894 mi) motorsport race track in Montmeló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. The track has stands with a capacity of 140,700. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.

Until 2013 the track was known only as the Circuit de Catalunya, before a sponsorship deal with Barcelona City Council added Barcelona to the track's title.
1922 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 1922 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 7, 1922. Incumbent Republican Senator Porter J. McCumber sought re-election, but was defeated in the Republican primary by Lynn Frazier, the former Governor of North Dakota, who had been recalled in 1921. In the general election, Frazier faced former State Representative James Francis Thaddeus O'Connor, the Democratic nominee. Even as Republicans did poorly nationwide, Frazier narrowly defeated O'Connor to hold the seat.

Governor of North Dakota
The governor of North Dakota is the head of government of North Dakota and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

The Constitution of North Dakota specifies that "the executive power is vested in the governor" in Section 1.  Section 7 indicates that "the governor is the chief executive of the state. The governor shall have the responsibility to see that the state's business is well administered and that its laws are faithfully executed."
Malabon, Oregon
Malabon (also known as Clear Lake) is a historical unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States.  The area is now a scattered collection of rural houses and farms northwest of Eugene, close to Mahlon Sweet Field.

Clear Lake runs through the area. It is a widened stretch of Amazon Creek, a tributary of the Long Tom River.

The soils around Malabon define a series of soil types.

Malabon Elementary School is some 3.5 miles (5.6 km) east-southeast of the historical community.

The Oregon Historical Society has Southern Pacific Railroad timetables listing Malabon.

Eugene Airport
Eugene Airport (IATA: EUG, ICAO: KEUG, FAA LID: EUG), also known as Mahlon Sweet Field, is a public airport 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Eugene, in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Owned and operated by the City of Eugene, it is the fifth-largest airport in the Pacific Northwest.

The terminal building has "A" gates on the upper level and "B" gates, ticketing, and baggage claim on the lower level. The airport has an expanded air cargo facility and three fixed-base operators (FBOs) to handle general aviation. In 2025, the Eugene Airport handled 1,711,855 passengers, a 1.76% increase from 2024.

The airport was named for Mahlon Sweet (1886–1947), a Eugene automobile dealer who was a strong supporter of aviation and pushed to get the now-defunct Eugene Air Park built in 1919, followed by the current airfield in 1943.

In 2010, a new airport rescue and firefighting facility was built.

EUG covers 2,600 acres (1,052 ha) of land.
Oakdale Memorial Gardens
Oakdale Memorial Gardens, formerly Oakdale Cemetery, is located in east-central Davenport, Iowa. It contains a section for the burial of pets called the Love of Animals Petland. In 2015, the cemetery was listed as an historic district on the National Register of Historic Places, and as a local landmark on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties. It is also listed on the Network to Freedom, a National Park Service registry for sites associated with the Underground Railroad.

Bettendorf, Iowa
Bettendorf is a city in Scott County, Iowa, United States. The population was 39,102 at the 2020 census. Bettendorf is one of the five cities that comprise the Quad Cities region along the Mississippi River. It is located adjacent to Davenport, Iowa, and across the river from Moline, East Moline, and Rock Island in Illinois. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 as of the 2020 census.
2019 Columbus Challenger II – Doubles
Maxime Cressy and Bernardo Saraiva were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Roberto Maytín and Jackson Withrow.

Maytín and Withrow won the title after defeating Hans Hach Verdugo and Donald Young 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–2), [10–5] in the final.

Bernardo Saraiva
Bernardo Saraiva (born 6 August 1993) is a Portuguese tennis player.

Saraiva has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 694 achieved on 4 December 2017. He also has a career high doubles ranking of No. 205 achieved on 9 September 2019.

Saraiva has won 1 ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2019 Columbus Challenger.
Judo at the 2023 Pan American Games – Women's 57 kg
The women's 57 kg competition of the judo events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held on 28 October at the Contact Sports Center (Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto) in Santiago, Chile. A total of 11 athletes from 10 NOC's competed.

2023 Pan American Games
The 2023 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2023), officially the XIX Pan American Games (Spanish: XIX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santiago 2023, were an  international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, held in Santiago, Chile from 20 October to 5 November 2023; preliminary rounds in certain events began on 18 October 2023. These are the first Pan American Games to be held in Chile, and the eighth to be held in South America.

The games were held in 39 venues across the Santiago Metropolitan Region and another three regions of Chile. The Pan American Games and the 2023 Parapan American Games were organized by the Santiago Organizing Committee for the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games.