hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Submerged specific gravity
Submerged specific gravity is a dimensionless measure of an object's buoyancy when immersed in a fluid. It can be expressed in terms of the equation

where  stands for "submerged specific gravity",  is the density of the object, and  is the density of the fluid.

Submerged specific gravity is equal to the specific gravity given by the ratio of the weight of the object to the weight of the fluid minus one. That is, the object and fluid have the same density when the specific gravity equals one, and the submerged specific gravity equals zero. This fact highlights the utility of the usage of submerged specific gravity in problems involving buoyancy and force balances on submerged objects: the object will naturally rise when its submerged specific gravity is negative, and sink when its submerged specific gravity is positive.

Because of this characteristic and its dimensionless nature, submerged specific gravity is ubiquitous in equations of sediment transport.

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
1081 Reseda
1081 Reseda (prov. designation: 1927 QF) is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 31 August 1927, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid has a rotation period of 7.3 hours and measures approximately 37 kilometers (23 miles) in diameter. It was named after the herbaceous plant Reseda.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Yasser Al-Mosailem
Yasser Abdullah Nasser Al-Mosailem (Arabic: ياسر عبد الله ناصر المسيليم; born 27 February 1984) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Saudi First Division League club Jeddah. He spent 18 years representing Al-Ahli and the Saudi Arabia national team.

Saudi Super Cup
The Saudi Super Cup is an annual super cup competition in Saudi Arabian football. Established in 2013 as a match between two teams, the format was expanded in 2022 to include four teams: the winners and runners-up of both the Saudi Pro League and the King's Cup.
Journal of Common Market Studies
The JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the politics and economics of European integration, focusing principally on developments within the European Union, European politics more broadly and comparative regionalism (politics). It was established in 1962 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of UACES (the Academic Association for Contemporary European Studies). The editors-in-chief are Toni Haastrup (University of Stirling) and Richard Whitman (University of Kent) and the co-editors are Heather MacRae (York University), Annick Masselot (University of Canterbury), Mills Soko (University of Witwatersrand) and Alasdair R. Young (Georgia Institute of Technology).

University of Kent
The University of Kent (formerly the University of Kent at Canterbury, abbreviated as UKC) is a public research university in Kent, United Kingdom. Founded by royal charter in 1965, Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent served as its first Chancellor.

The university's principal campus occupies 300 acres of land overlooking the World Heritage Site of Canterbury Cathedral, and also maintains a campus in Medway and a postgraduate centre in Paris. The university is international, with students from 158 different nationalities and 41% of its academic and research staff being from outside the United Kingdom. It is a member of the Santander Network of European universities encouraging social and economic development.

Alumni include two Nobel laureates in literature — Sir Kazuo Ishiguro, and Abdulrazak Gurnah — as well as prominent individuals in politics, media, and law.
Ade A. Olufeko
Ade Abayomi Olufeko (born 1980) is a Nigerian-American technologist and designer known for his early adoption of emerging tools and practices, particularly in developing regions. He is the founder of Visual Collaborative, an international platform collaborating with diverse experts on socio-economic issues, innovation, and the humanities.

In 2017, Olufeko contributed to the rediscovery and documentation of Sungbo's Eredo, an extensive system of historical earthworks in West Africa. In 2024, he established the Wing Chun Foundation Lagos, an initiative based in Lagos, Nigeria, that applies martial arts principles to leadership and cognitive development.

London Business School
London Business School (LBS) is a business school and a constituent college of the federal University of London. LBS was founded in 1964 and awards post-graduate degrees (Master's degrees in management and finance, MBA and PhD). Its motto is "To have a profound impact on the way the world does business".

London Business School's main campus is located at Sussex Place in London, adjacent to Regent's Park. In 2012, it expanded its teaching facilities by 70% by acquiring the Marylebone Town Hall (now The Sammy Ofer Centre), and in 2017 the neighboring Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. LBS has a secondary campus in Dubai that is dedicated to the Dubai EMBA and Executive Education.
Charles David Spivak
Charles David Spivak (December 25, 1861 – October 16, 1927) was a Russian-born American medical doctor, community leader, and writer. He was one of the founders of the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society in what is now Lakewood, Colorado. He was the editor of The Sanatorium as well as the first editor of the Denver Jewish News (now known as the Intermountain Jewish News. With Yehoash, he is also the author of what was once the premier Yiddish-English Dictionary.

Lakewood, Colorado
Lakewood is the home rule city that is the most populous municipality in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 155,984 at the 2020 U.S. census, making Lakewood the fifth most populous city in Colorado and the 167th most populous city in the United States. Lakewood is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.

The city has a notable student population, as it is home to three higher education institutions: Colorado Christian University, Red Rocks Community College and Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design. Lakewood is also home to the Denver Federal Center, which houses the largest concentration of federal agencies outside of Washington, D.C.
Past Lives (Local Natives song)
"Past Lives" is a song by American indie rock band Local Natives. It is the second track and first single from their third studio album, Sunlit Youth, and was released commercially as a digital single on 6 May 2016 on Loma Vista Recordings.

Loma Vista Recordings
Loma Vista Recordings is a record label founded by Tom Whalley, former chairman and CEO of Warner Bros. Records and Executive of A&R at Interscope Records. The label was initially a joint venture with Republic Records and is based in Beverly Hills and Brooklyn.

In July 2014, the label announced it had changed strategic partners and was now part of Concord Music Group.

Loma vista is a Spanish phrase that roughly translates to hill view in English.
Rokuhōdō Yotsuiro Biyori
Rokuhōdō Yotsuiro Biyori (鹿楓堂よついろ日和) is a Japanese manga series by Yū Shimizu. It has been serialized in Shinchosha's seinen manga magazine Go Go Bunch since October 2013 and has been collected in twenty-two tankōbon volumes as of January 2026. An anime television series adaptation by Zexcs aired from April to June 2018. A live-action drama adaptation premiered in January 2022 on TV Asahi's Oshidora Saturday block.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
Dalia Hernández
Dalia Hernández Armenta (born August 14, 1985) is a Mexican actress born in Veracruz, Mexico. She is known for roles in Apocalypto (2006), The Legend of the Mask (2014) and Miracle Underground (2016).

In 2007, she won an Imagen Award for best supporting actress for her role in Apocalypto. She had a role in the TV series "Capadocia del 2008" in the episode "María Magdalena" as "Rosa". In 2014 she played the role of "Nayeli" in The Legend of the Mask and as "Patricia" in the movie Miracle Underground.

Imagen Awards
The Imagen Awards are administered by the Imagen Foundation, an organization dedicated to "encouraging and recognizing the positive portrayals of Latinos in the entertainment industry." To be considered for an Imagen Award, a media piece or person must go through an entry process. Helen Hernandez is president of the Imagen Foundation.
Earth Dances
Earth Dances is an orchestral work by British composer Harrison Birtwistle. Its title is part of a geological metaphor that is also found in the piece's structure: Birtwistle has divided the orchestra into six 'strata', whose changing relationships reflect those of the earth's geological layers. It was composed in 1986 for the BBC Symphony Orchestra.

Harrison Birtwistle
Sir Harrison Birtwistle (15 July 1934 – 18 April 2022) was an English composer of contemporary classical music best known for his operas, often based on mythological subjects. Among his many compositions, his better known works include The Triumph of Time (1972) and the operas The Mask of Orpheus (1986), Gawain (1991), and The Minotaur (2008). The last of these was ranked by music critics at The Guardian in 2019 as the third-best piece of the 21st century. Even his compositions that were not written for the stage often showed a theatrical approach. A performance of his saxophone concerto Panic during the BBC's Last Night of the Proms caused "national notoriety". He received many international awards and honorary degrees.
Kevin Hales
Kevin Peter Hales (born 13 January 1961) is a football coach and former player. Before coaching, he played as a midfielder for Chelsea and Leyton Orient, managed Welling United and Erith & Belvedere, was assistant manager at Hornchurch and coached at Weymouth and Rushden & Diamonds.

Welling United F.C.
Welling United Football Club is a semi-professional association football club, based in Welling in the London Borough of Bexley, England. The most prominent aspect of the club is its men's first team, who play in the Isthmian League Premier Division, the seventh level of the English football league system.
Taconic Golf Club
Taconic Golf Club is a semi-private golf course located in Williamstown, Massachusetts.  The land that Taconic Golf Club is owned by Williams College, but an independent Board of Directors oversees the daily operation. The course has repeatedly made Golf Magazine's list of the Top 100 Courses You Can Play and Golfweek's list of top collegiate campus courses, where it was most recently ranked 3rd in 2020. Golf Digest ranks Taconic as the 9th best course in the state of Massachusetts.

Williamstown, Massachusetts
Williamstown is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It shares a border with Vermont to the north and New York to the west. Located in Berkshire County, the town is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts metropolitan statistical area. The population was 7,513 at the 2020 census. A college town, it is home to Williams College, the Clark Art Institute and the Tony-awarded Williamstown Theatre Festival.
1990 Fremantle state by-election
The 1990 Fremantle state by-election was a by-election held on 26 May 1990 for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Fremantle. The election occurred on the same day as the 1990 Maylands state by-election.

The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Labor member and former Deputy Premier David Parker on 26 April 1990.

The seat of Fremantle, first established in 1890, was considered to be a safe seat for the Labor Party.

Western Australian Labor Party
The Western Australian Labor Party, officially known as WA Labor, is the Western Australian branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is the current governing party of Western Australia since winning the 2017 state election under Mark McGowan.
Don't Leave Me Now (Lost Frequencies and Mathieu Koss song)
"Don't Leave Me Now" is a song by Belgian DJ Lost Frequencies and French DJ Mathieu Koss. It was released on 31 July 2020 on Found Frequencies. The song was written by Felix De Laet, Joren van der Voort, Christon Kloosterboer, Dalton Dielh, Mathieu Bordaraud and Peter Hanna, and produced by De Laet and Bordaraud.

Lost Frequencies
Felix De Laet (born 30 November 1993), known by his stage name Lost Frequencies, is a Belgian DJ and record producer. He is best known for his singles "Are You with Me" in 2014, "Reality" featuring Janieck Devy in 2015, and "Where Are You Now" with Calum Scott in 2021.
General equation of heat transfer
In fluid dynamics, the general equation of heat transfer is a nonlinear partial differential equation describing specific entropy production in a Newtonian fluid subject to thermal conduction and viscous forces:

where  is the specific entropy,  is the fluid's density,  is the fluid's temperature,  is the material derivative,  is the thermal conductivity,  is the dynamic viscosity,  is the second Lamé parameter,  is the flow velocity,  is the del operator used to characterize the gradient and divergence, and  is the Kronecker delta.

If the flow velocity is negligible, the general equation of heat transfer reduces to the standard heat equation. It may also be extended to rotating, stratified flows, such as those encountered in geophysical fluid dynamics.

Rotating reference frame
A rotating frame of reference is a special case of a non-inertial reference frame that is rotating relative to an inertial reference frame. An everyday example of a rotating reference frame is the surface of the Earth. (This article considers only frames rotating about a fixed axis. For more general rotations, see Euler angles.)
Geumgoksa
Geumgoksa or Geumgok Temple (Korean: 금곡사) is a Buddhist temple in Gangjin county, South Jeolla province, South Korea.  Its name means "Golden Valley Temple".  Three temples and numerous smaller shrines and burial mounds comprise the site.  It is noted for its scenery as well as a 3-tiered stone pagoda that dates to the Goryo Dynasty.

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
Banyan Productions
Banyan Productions is a production company located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Clients include Discovery Channel, the Food Network, Fox, HGTV, Lifetime, NBC, Nickelodeon/Nick at Nite, TLC, and the Travel Channel.  Banyan Productions was founded in 1992 by Susan Cohen-Dickler, Jan Dickler and Ray Murray, the former host of Evening Magazine on KYW-TV 3 in Philadelphia.

HGTV
HGTV (Home & Garden Television) is an American basic cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The network primarily broadcasts reality programming related to home improvement and real estate. It was formerly owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, which spun off its cable networks, including HGTV, into Scripps Networks Interactive. As of November 2023, HGTV was available to approximately 72,000,000 pay television households in the United States, down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Hålandsdal Municipality
Hålandsdal is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 130.7-square-kilometre (50.5 sq mi) municipality existed from 1903 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Bjørnafjorden Municipality in the traditional district of Midhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Holdhus where the Holdhus Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 130.7-square-kilometre (50.5 sq mi) municipality was the 462nd largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Hålandsdal Municipality was the 675th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 534. The municipality's population density was 4.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 10.6% over the previous 10-year period.

Districts of Norway
The country of Norway is historically divided into a number of districts. Many districts have deep historical roots, and only partially coincide with today's administrative units of counties and municipalities. The districts are defined by geographical features, often valleys, mountain ranges, fjords, plains, or coastlines, or combinations of the above. Many such regions were petty kingdoms up to the early Viking Age.
Mohammad Ali (cricketer, born 1989)
Mohammad Ali (born 12 August 1989) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer who plays for Water and Power Development Authority.

Ali began his cricketing career at the RP Club in Sialkot. He played tape-ball cricket during his teenage years before transitioning to hardball cricket. He played first-class cricket for Pakistan Television, Sialkot and State Bank of Pakistan.

Water and Power Development Authority cricket team
The Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) cricket team is a first-class cricket side in Pakistan that plays in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Patron's Trophy, Pentangular Trophy and also competes in limited-overs cricket. It is owned by the Water and Power Development Authority, the national body responsible for the development and maintenance of water and power resources in Pakistan.
Xiulang Bridge metro station
Xiulang Bridge station is a station on the New Taipei Metro's Circular line. The station was opened on 31 January 2020. It is located in Zhonghe District, New Taipei, Taiwan, near the banks of the Xindian River. The station name is derived of the bridge of the same name near the station.

New Taipei Metro
New Taipei Metro (Chinese: 新北捷運; pinyin: Xīnběi Jiéyùn; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄩㄣˋ) is a transit system serving New Taipei, Taiwan, operated by New Taipei Metro Corporation. The Danhai light rail, Ankeng light rail, and Circular line are currently in operation, while the Sanying line is under construction and further lines are in various planning stages. Currently, these services are connected to Taipei Metro but operate independently, with the exception of the Circular line which is completely integrated into the Taipei Metro system but operated by New Taipei Metro.
Citrus industry in the Caribbean
The citrus industry in the Caribbean is a major one in the Caribbean. Citrus fruits consists of oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, limes, and lemons. The Caribbean countries which export citrus fruit are Belize, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique & Trinidad and Tobago.

Export
An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an exporter; the foreign buyer is an importer. Services that figure in international trade include financial, accounting and other professional services, tourism, education as well as intellectual property rights.

Exportation of goods often requires the involvement of customs authorities.
Romanticism in Spanish literature
Romanticism arrived late and lasted only for a short but intense period, since in the second half of the 19th century it was supplanted by Realism, whose nature was antithetical to that of Romantic literature.

Francisco Martínez de la Rosa
Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo (10 March 1787 – 7 February 1862) was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain to receive the title of President of the Council of Ministers.

He became Prime Minister in the opening months of the First Carlist War and his liberal government oversaw the promulgation of a new Spanish constitution: the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834.
Ribautia
Ribautia is a genus of centipedes in the family Geophilidae. This genus was described by French myriapodologist Henry Wilfred Brolemann in 1909. Centipedes in this genus are found in South America, tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Arabian peninsula, Australia, New Zealand, and Melanesia.

Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart)
In arthropods, the maxillae (singular maxilla) are paired structures present on the head as mouthparts in members of the clade Mandibulata, used for tasting and manipulating food. Embryologically, the maxillae are derived from the 4th and 5th segment of the head and the maxillary palps; segmented appendages extending from the base of the maxilla represent the former leg of those respective segments. In most cases, two pairs of maxillae are present and in different arthropod groups the two pairs of maxillae have been variously modified. In crustaceans, the first pair are called maxillulae (singular maxillula).

Modified coxae at the base of the pedipalps in spiders are also called "maxillae", although they are not homologous with mandibulate maxillae.
Johannes de Thurocz
Johannes de Thurocz (Hungarian: Thuróczi János; Slovak: Ján z Turca or Ján de Turocz, German: Johannes de Thurocz, variant contemporary spelling: de Thwrocz) (c. 1435 – 1488 or 1489), was a Hungarian historian and the author of the Latin Chronica Hungarorum ("Chronicle of the Hungarians"), the most extensive 15th-century work on Hungary, and the first chronicle of Hungary written by a layman.

Šahy
Šahy (Hungarian: Ipolyság, rarely German: Eipelschlag) is a town in southern Slovakia,  The town has an ethnic Hungarian majority and its population is 7,238 people (2018), with an average age of 42.5. The town was annexed to Czechoslovakia in 1920.