hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aesculus flava
Aesculus flava, also known commonly as the common buckeye, the sweet buckeye, and the yellow buckeye, is a species of deciduous tree in the subfamily Hippocastanoideae of the family Sapindaceae. The species is native to the Ohio Valley and Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States. It grows in mesophytic forests or floodplains, generally in acidic to circumneutral soil, reaching a height of 20m to 48m (65 ft to 154 ft).

Hippocastanoideae
Hippocastanoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the soapberry family Sapindaceae. The group was formerly treated as the separate families Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae. Molecular phylogenetic research by Harrington et al. (2005) has shown that while both the Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae are monophyletic in themselves, their removal from the Sapindaceae sensu lato would leave Sapindaceae sensu stricto as a paraphyletic group, particularly with reference to the genus Xanthoceras.

The most widespread genera are Acer (the maples) and Aesculus (the horse chestnuts and buckeyes). A feature of the subfamily is the palmate compound leaves.
Giant Steps (band)
Giant Steps was a pop duo from England that consisted of vocalist/producer Colin Campsie and bassist/keyboardist/producer George McFarlane. They had previously recorded as the Quick.

Giant Steps' only album, The Book of Pride, was released in 1988, and its first single "Another Lover" became a hit in the United States, peaking at No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100. It became very popular in Italy in 1988 as well, garnering considerable airplay on pop radio. It was subsequently featured over the opening credits of the 1989 film Loverboy, starring Patrick Dempsey.

Giant Steps' follow-up single "Into You" was a modest US chart success, reaching No. 58 in early 1989.

In 2006, Campsie became infamous for writing the Kandy Floss record, and was mistakenly credited as being a member of Go West by Mr. Holy Moly in Metro's 25 February edition.

Metro (British newspaper)
Metro is a British freesheet tabloid newspaper published by DMG Media. The newspaper is distributed from Monday to Friday mornings at public places such as bus stations, railway stations and shopping malls in selected areas of England, Wales and Scotland (excluding public holidays and the period between Christmas Eve and New Year's Day inclusive). Copies have also been handed out to pedestrians. In 2018, Metro overtook The Sun to become the most-circulated newspaper in the United Kingdom.

Metro is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc (DMGT), part of the same media group as the Daily Mail and The Mail on Sunday, but in some areas Metro operates as a franchise with a local newspaper publisher, rather than as a wholly-owned concern. Though a sister publication to the conservative Daily Mail, the newspaper has never endorsed any political party or candidate, and says it takes a neutral political stance in its reporting.
Location test
A location test is a statistical hypothesis test that compares the location parameter of a statistical population to a given constant, or that compares the location parameters of two statistical populations to each other.  Most commonly, the location parameter (or parameters) of interest are expected values, but location tests based on medians or other measures of location are also used.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
The Jets (Minnesota band)
The Jets are a Tongan-American family band from Robbinsdale, a suburb of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Jets are composed of brothers and sisters LeRoy, Eddie, Eugene, Haini, Rudy, Kathi, Elizabeth, and Moana Wolfgramm, who perform pop, R&B, and dance music. They started performing as a family band in 1977. The group enjoyed worldwide success in 1985–1990, performing three world tours, and producing five top-10 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Robbinsdale, Minnesota
Robbinsdale is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Its population was 14,646 at the 2020 census. The city is in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area and is adjacent to the northwest portion of Minneapolis.
Dying Machines
Dying Machines is an American neoclassical ambient band formed in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 2011 by Thomas Buschbach.

Citing influences including Hans Zimmer, Stars of the Lid, Arvo Pärt and John Murphy, Dying Machines combines effects-laden guitars with classical instrumentation to create an emotional blend of ambient, orchestral, film music, and post-rock.

Dying Machines is currently signed to Mush Records, who released Nicht Sprechen and What I Have Not Forgotten in 2012 and 2013 respectively. Both EPs were critically well-received despite the relative obscurity of the genre.

Arvo Pärt
Arvo Pärt (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈɑrvo ˈpært]; born 11 September 1935) is an Estonian composer of contemporary classical music. Since the late 1970s, Pärt has worked in a minimalist style that employs tintinnabuli, a compositional technique he invented. Pärt's music is in part inspired by Gregorian chant. His most performed works include Fratres (1977), Spiegel im Spiegel (1978), and Für Alina (1976). From 2011 to 2018, and again in 2022 and 2025, Pärt was the most performed living composer in the world. The Arvo Pärt Centre, in Laulasmaa, was opened to the public in 2018.
Thomas Baumer
Thomas Baumer (born 1960 in Fribourg (Switzerland) is a Swiss economist and expert for Intercultural competence and Personality assessment. He developed parts of the prognostic personality and abilities assessment and coined this term especially within the German speaking countries.

Cultural competence
Cultural competence, also known as intercultural competence, is a range of cognitive, affective, behavioral, and linguistic skills that lead to effective and appropriate communication with people of other cultures. Intercultural or cross-cultural education are terms used for the training to achieve cultural competence.
Universiade Center station
Universiade Center station (simplified Chinese: 大运中心; traditional Chinese: 大運中心; pinyin: Dàyùn Zhōngxīn; Cantonese Yale: Daaihwahn Jūngsām) is a station on Line 16 of Shenzhen Metro. It opened on 28 December 2022.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
The Peel Sessions (Siouxsie and the Banshees)
The Siouxsie and the Banshees Peel sessions are the first two sessions recorded by English post-punk band Siouxsie and the Banshees for John Peel's radio show on BBC Radio 1 in November 1977 and February 1978. First released in 1987 and 1988, both sessions were remastered to be included on the Voices on the Air: The Peel Sessions CD compilation.

John McKay (guitarist)
John McKay (born 6 June 1958) is an English musician, songwriter and singer. He was the guitarist of Siouxsie and the Banshees, playing with the group from July 1977 until September 1979. He played a "jagged unorthodox chording", and created a "metal-shard roar" with his guitar. Q magazine included McKay's work on "Hong Kong Garden" in its list of the "100 Greatest Guitar Tracks Ever". He recorded two studio albums with the band, their debut album The Scream in 1978 and Join Hands in 1979.

McKay has been cited as an influence by guitarists such as Geordie Walker of Killing Joke, Robert Smith of the Cure, The Edge of U2, Steve Albini of Big Black, Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth, Johnny Marr of the Smiths, Jim Reid of the Jesus and Mary Chain and Kevin Shields of My Bloody Valentine. He has been qualified as the "innovator" by producer Steve Lillywhite.

In 2025, he released his first solo album Sixes and Sevens which received critical acclaim.
Uba Maigari Ahmadu
Uba Maigari Ahmadu is a lawyer by profession who hails from Ukari Local Government Area in Taraba State in Nigeria. He was currently appointed by President Bola Tinubu as the Minister of State for Regional Development. He previously served as  the Minister of State, Ministry of Steel Development.

Ministry of Mines and Steel Development (Nigeria)
The Mines and Steel Development Ministry is a Nigerian ministry established in 1985 to encourage development of the country's solid mineral resources.
The Ministry formulates policy, provides information on mining potential and production, regulates operations and generates revenue for the government. Operational departments include Mining cadastre (records of mine locations, ownership etc.),
Geological survey of Nigeria,
Mines inspectorate,
Artisanal and small-scale mining and 
Mining environment.
Louis Du Bois (Huguenot)
Louis Du Bois (21 October 1626 – 1696) was a Huguenot colonist in New Netherland who, with two of his sons and nine other refugees, founded the town of New Paltz, New York. These Protestant refugees fled Catholic persecution in France, emigrating to the Rhenish Palatinate (in present-day Germany) and then to New Netherland, where they settled in Wiltwyck (present day Kingston, New York) and Nieuw Dorp (present-day Hurley, New York, settlements midway between New Amsterdam (present day New York City) and Beverwyck (today known as Albany, New York) before ultimately founding New Paltz.

Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfalz [pfalts] ⓘ; Palatine German: Palz), or the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a historical region of Germany. The Palatinate occupies most of the southern quarter of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), covering an area of 2,105 square miles (5,450 km2) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines (Pfälzer).
Bogusław Kaczyński
Bogusław Kaczyński (2 May 1942 – 21 January 2016) was a Polish classical music journalist, music critic and writer.

Kaczyński was the author of a classical recording series, The Golden Collection. He also hosted musical competitions, including the Frederic Chopin Piano Competition, the Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition, and the New Year's Concerts in Vienna.

Polityka magazine, ranked Kaczyński among the ten greatest Polish television personalities of the 20th century. Film critic Zygmunt Kałużyński said Kaczyński for opera, as an art form, did more than anybody in the country's whole history. Among others, he won Wiktor and Superwiktor awards. Kaczyński was the founder of the charity foundation ORFEO, which supports Polish culture.

Kaczyński had suffered a stroke in 2007. In 2016, he suffered another stroke and died in Warsaw, aged 73.

Television in Poland
Television in Poland was introduced on an experimental basis in 1937. It was state owned, and was interrupted by the Second World War in 1939. Television returned to Poland in 1952 and for several decades was controlled by the communist government. Colour television was introduced in Poland in 1971. Private television stations in Poland appeared around the time of the fall of communism, with PTV Echo (once a member of the local channels of Polonia 1) becoming the first private station in Poland (and in the former Eastern Bloc).
2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the state of Hawaii, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The state's primary elections were held on August 8, 2020.

Beginning with the 2020 election cycle, per Act 136, Session Laws of Hawaii 2019, all state elections are conducted by mail.

Air Line Pilots Association, International
The Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA) is the largest pilot union in the world, representing more than 80,000 pilots from 42 US and Canadian airlines. ALPA was founded on 27 July 1931 and is a member of the AFL-CIO and the Canadian Labour Congress. Known internationally as US-ALPA, ALPA is also a member of the IFALPA.

The association has been a staunch proponent of the "1,500-hour rule", which requires pilots for commercial airlines to log 1,500 hours of flying before they can obtain their license, which is vastly higher than the rules in other countries and has substantially increased the costs and time for prospective pilots to obtain certification.
Combs, Arkansas
Combs is an unincorporated community in southern Madison County, Arkansas, United States. It is located on Arkansas Highway 16 at the southern terminus of AR 295. The community is within the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest and just south of the upper White River. The community of Brashears is about two miles east on route 16. The population was 431 as of the 2021 census, the overwhelming majority of which was white.

Ozark–St. Francis National Forest
The Ozark – St. Francis National Forest is a United States National Forest that is located in the state of Arkansas. It is composed of two separate forests, Ozark National Forest in the Ozark Mountains; and St. Francis National Forest on Crowley's Ridge. Each forest has distinct biological, topographical, and geological differences.
Alexander Cowan
Alexander Cowan (17 June 1775 – 13 February 1859) was a Scottish papermaker and philanthropist. He was the 13th child and third surviving son of Charles Cowan (8 June 1735 – 23 February 1805) and Marjory Cowan nee Fidler (16 July 1734 – 30 November 1819) He was also a cousin and friend of Thomas Chalmers, the prominent Scottish minister. Through his business he was a friend and associate of the publisher Archibald Constable and, through Constable, an associate of Sir Walter Scott. The Cowan Family owned the huge Valleyfield paper-works in Penicuik in Midlothian and Sir Walter Scott refers to Alexander's brother Duncan as "Honest Duncan the Paper Manufacturer" in  The Fortunes Of Nigel. Alexander was a trustee who helped Sir Walter Scott out of Bankruptcy. He took over the running of the paper works when the Government sold it back to the family in 1820.

Midlothian
Midlothian (/mɪdˈloʊðiən/; Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan Lodainn) is registration county, lieutenancy area and one of 32 council areas of Scotland used for local government. Midlothian lies in the east-central Lowlands, bordering the City of Edinburgh council area, East Lothian and the Scottish Borders. The modern council area was formed in 1975 when the historic county of Midlothian, also known as Edinburghshire, was altered substantially as part of local government reforms; its southern part formed a new Midlothian District within the Region of Lothian, whilst areas on the peripheries were assigned to other districts and the city of Edinburgh, which had always been autonomous to an extent, was formally separated as the City of Edinburgh District. In 1996 Midlothian became a unitary authority area, using the same name and territory as in 1975.
Cloudmachine
Cloudmachine was an eclectic indie rock band hailing from the Netherlands, founded by songwriter and composer Ruud Houweling (Alphen aan den Rijn, July 29, 1968) who fronts the band, singing and playing guitar. Other band members were: Marco Kuypers (keyboards), Mike Coolen (drums), Richard Lagerweij (guitars) and Ray Edgar Duyns (bass). The style of music can be described as atmospheric with a melancholic undertone. The songs are always constructed with 'real' instruments, part acoustic. Vintage keyboards (hammond, piano, wurlitzer, mellotron, pump organ), various types of guitars, sometimes accordion. Arrangements often incorporate additional string players or a brass section. The band has released four albums, receiving critical acclaim in the Netherlands and Belgium, before disbanding in december 2014.

Alphen aan den Rijn
Alphen aan den Rijn (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑlfə(n) aːn də(n) ˈrɛin] ⓘ; English: "Alphen upon Rhine" or "Alphen on the Rhine") is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The city is situated on the banks of the river Oude Rijn (Old Rhine), where the river Gouwe branches off. The municipality had a population of 112,587 in 2021, and covers an area of 132.50 km2 (51.16 sq mi) of which 6.27 km2 (2.42 sq mi) is water.

The municipality of Alphen aan den Rijn also includes the communities of Aarlanderveen, Benthuizen, Boskoop, Hazerswoude-Dorp, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, Koudekerk aan den Rijn and Zwammerdam. The city is located in what is called the 'Green Heart' of the Netherlands, which is a somewhat less densely populated centre area of the Randstad.

The name "Alphen" is probably derived from the name of the Roman fort Albaniana, meaning "settlement at the white water". Its remains still lie underneath the city centre.
Momordenol
Momordenol (3β-hydroxy-stigmasta-5,14-dien-16-one) is a natural chemical compound,  a sterol found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).

The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform or petrol. It crystallizes as fine needles that melt at 160–161 °C.   It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others.

Momordica charantia
Momordica charantia (commonly called bitter melon, gouya,  cerassee, goya, bitter apple, bitter gourd, bitter squash, balsam-pear, karela, karavila and many more names listed below) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit.

Bitter melon originated in Africa, where it was a dry-season staple food of ǃKung hunter-gatherers. Wild or semi-domesticated variants spread across Asia in prehistory, and it was likely fully domesticated in Southeast Asia. It is widely used in the cuisines of East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Abubakr Ben Ishmael Salahuddin
Abubakr Ben Ishmael Salahuddin is an American religious writer.

He was formerly an Ahmadi and wrote many articles for the Ahmadi magazine Review of Religions, as well as two books promoting Ahmadi beliefs. The Afrocentric Myth or Islam, an appeal to Ahmadi beliefs from the perspective of a former "Black Cultural Nationalist" and Black Muslim, and Saving the Savior around the Ahmadi conception of Jesus and related teachings on the Roza Bal tomb in Kashmir. In 2003, he repudiated Islam and converted to the Baháʼí Faith.

Publications

The Afrocentric Myth or Islam: The Liberator of the American People, 1995

Saving the Savior - Did Christ Survive the Crucifixion?, 2001

Roza Bal
The Roza Bal or Rouza Bal is a shrine located in the Khanyar quarter in downtown area of Srinagar in Kashmir, India. The word roza means tomb, the word bal means place. Locals believe a sage is buried here, Yuz Asaf, alongside another Muslim holy man, Mir Sayyid Naseeruddin.

The shrine was relatively unknown until the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, asserted in 1899 that it is actually the tomb of Jesus. This view is maintained by Ahmadis today, though it is rejected by the local caretakers of the shrine, one of whom said "the theory that Jesus is buried anywhere on the face of the earth is blasphemous to Islam."
Ekerete Udoh
Ekerete Udoh listenⓘ (born 2 April 1963 in ONNA, Akwa Ibom State) is a Nigerian politician, journalist, and chief press secretary to Pastor Umo Bassey Eno, the Akwa Ibom state governor. He is a former columnist for This Day newspaper and vice chairman of the News of the World newspaper, Lagos.

This Day
This Day is a Nigerian national newspaper. It is the flagship newspaper of Leaders & Company Ltd., and was first published on 22 January 1995. It has its headquarters in Apapa, Lagos State. Founded by Nduka Obaigbena, the chairman and editor-in-chief of the This Day Media Group and Arise News.

This Day is a member of the Belt and Road News Network. Since 2014, it has maintained a close relationship with the embassy of the People's Republic of China.

This Day publisher Nduka Obaigbena has previously been criticised for late and non-payment of the paper's staff and suppliers.
Saba Lobzhanidze
Saba Lobjanidze  (Order of Honor) (Georgian: საბა ლობჟანიძე, romanized: saba lobzhanidze, pronounced [saba lobʒanidze]; born 18 December 1994) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays for Major League Soccer club Atlanta United and the Georgia national team.

Georgian Cup
The Georgian Cup (Georgian: საქართველოს თასი) is the main annual association football knockout cup competition in Georgia. It is organized by the Georgian Football Federation (GFF) and is open to clubs of all divisions. The tournament was established in 1990 alongside the formation of the independent Georgian national league, and since 1993 has been officially named the David Kipiani Cup in honor of the famous Georgian footballer David Kipiani.

The winner qualifies for the UEFA Europa Conference League and also competes in the Georgian Super Cup against the national league champion.
2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase
2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase (EC 1.6.5.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and a proton. Its products are hydroxyquinol and oxidised NAD+.

This enzyme participates in the metabolism of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the bacteria Burkholderia cepacia.

Burkholderia cepacia complex
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a species complex consisting of Burkholderia cepacia and at least 20 different biochemically similar species of Gram-negative bacteria. They are catalase-producing and lactose-nonfermenting. Members of BCC are opportunistic human pathogens that most often cause pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals with underlying lung disease (such as cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease). Patients with sickle-cell haemoglobinopathies are also at risk.  The species complex also attacks young onion and tobacco plants, and displays a remarkable ability to digest oil.
Sesa Football Academy (women)
Sesa Football Academy is an Indian women's professional football club from Goa. It forms the women's section of the club Sesa Football Academy and participates in Indian Women's League, the top tier of Indian women's football. They finished third in the 2024–25 edition of the second tier Indian Women's League 2 and were promoted to the top tier Indian Women's League.

Indian football league system
The Indian football league system is the league structure of football club competitions in India. The highest level of men's club football competition is the Indian Super League. Indian Women's League, founded in 2016, is the highest level of women's football club competition in India.