hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ludegast
Ludegast (Leudegasius, Leodegar, Leudegarius, Lesio, Leonisius) was bishop of Mainz in the early 7th century, succeeding Siegbert I.
The Latinized name Leudegasius may be of East Germanic origin. He seems to have been a Burgundian. The period of his episcopate can only be roughly classified into the time around 610.

In the quarrels between Theuderic II and Theudebert II in 611/612 he took part on the party of Theuderic. As the reason for this decision the Chronicle of Fredegar ascribes that he held Theudebert incompetent and desiderated Theuderics capability.

The author of the Chronicle of Fredegar let him cite a fable to Theuderic, in order to prevent him from annihilation.

For the period after the Merovingian brother war and the death of Theuderic in 613 documents may not be retrieved. Ludegast did not participate for unclear reasons at the Synod of Paris in 614. It may be assumed that he lost his bishopric due to the fall of Brunhilda.

Chronicle of Fredegar
The Chronicle of Fredegar is the conventional title used for a 7th-century Frankish chronicle that was probably written in Burgundy. The author is unknown and the attribution to Fredegar dates only from the 16th century.

The chronicle begins with the creation of the world and ends in AD 642. There are also a few references to events up to 658. Some copies of the manuscript contain an abridged version of the chronicle up to the date of 642, but include additional sections written under the Carolingian dynasty that end with the death of Pepin the Short in 768. The Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations is one of the few sources that provide information on the Merovingian dynasty for the period after 591 when Gregory of Tours' the Decem Libri Historiarum finishes.
John Wood (Isle of Man governor)
John Wood (1722 – 30 April 1777) was a military officer in the British Army and Governor of the Isle of Man from 1761 until his death in 1777.

Wood was born in 1722 at Carse near Dumfries in Scotland. He was a captain in the British Army before he began his political career.

He was appointed as Captain-in-Chief and later Governor of the Isle of Man by James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl in 1761. Later in 1765, he appointed Governor of the Isle of Man by King George III. He was the first governor to be appointed directly by the British monarch, rather than by the Earl of Derby or the Duke of Atholl. Lieutenant Governor Henry Hope acted as his deputy.

There is a memorial plaque to Captain Wood in St Mary's Church, Castletown.

Dumfries
Dumfries (Scots: /dʌmˈfriːs/ ⓘ dum-FREESS; from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˌt̪un ˈfɾʲiʃ]) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, 25 miles (40 km) from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire.

Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce killed his rival John Comyn III of Badenoch at Greyfriars Kirk in the town in 1306. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here towards the end of 1745. In World War II, the Norwegian armed forces in exile in Britain largely consisted of a brigade in Dumfries.

Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South. This is also the name of the town's football club. People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers.
Luanshya Boys Secondary School
Luanshya Boys High School is a high school located in Luanshya, Copperbelt Province, Zambia. The school was founded in 1957.

The school underwent a change from a secondary school to a high school in 2009. The school, like most government high schools, is mostly funded by user fees from pupils.

Copperbelt Province
Copperbelt Province is a province in Zambia which covers the mineral-rich Copperbelt, and farming and bush areas to the south. It was the backbone of the Northern Rhodesian economy during British colonial rule and fuelled the hopes of the immediate post-independence period, but its economic importance was severely damaged by a crash in global copper prices in 1973. The province adjoins the Haut-Katanga province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is similarly mineral-rich.

The main cities and towns of the Copperbelt are Kitwe, Ndola, Mufulira, Luanshya, Chingola, Kalulushi and Chililabombwe. Roads and rail links extend north into the Congo to Lubumbashi, but the Second Congo War brought economic contact between the two countries to a standstill, now recovering.

It is informally referred to at times as 'Copala' or 'Kopala', invoking the vernacular-like term of the mineral copper that is mined in the province.
Rojas Magallanes metro station
Rojas Magallanes is an elevated metro station on the Line 4 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. The station has two side platforms and two tracks on a precast concrete segmental viaduct with single central columns. It is enclosed in a tubular structure with elliptical cross section, from which protrude two balcony-like structures containing stairs that lead to the mezzanine level.

The station was opened on 30 November 2005 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Vicente Valdés and Plaza de Puente Alto.

Segmental bridge
A segmental bridge is a bridge built in short sections (called segments), i.e., one piece at a time, as opposed to traditional methods that build a bridge in very large sections. The bridge is made of concrete that is either cast in place (constructed fully in its final location) or precast concrete (built at another location and then transported to their final location for placement in the full structure).

These bridges are very economical for long spans (more than 100 metres or 330 feet), especially when access to the construction site is restricted. They are also chosen for their aesthetic appeal.
Consumer movement
The  consumer movement is an effort to promote consumer protection through an organized social movement, which is in many places led by consumer organizations. It advocates for the rights of consumers, especially when those rights are actively breached by the actions of corporations, governments, and other organizations that provide products and services to consumers.
Consumer movements also commonly advocate for increased health and safety standards, honest information about products in advertising, and consumer representation in political bodies.

100,000,000 Guinea Pigs
100,000,000 Guinea Pigs: Dangers in Everyday Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics is a book written by Arthur Kallet and F. J. Schlink first released in 1933 by the Vanguard Press and manufactured in the United States of America. Its central argument propounds that the American population is being used as guinea pigs in a giant experiment undertaken by the American producers of food stuffs and patent medicines and the like. Kallet and Schlink premise the book as being "written in the interest of the consumer, who does not yet realize that he is being used as a guinea pig..."
2006 Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament
The 2006 Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament was held at Brooks Field in Wilmington, North Carolina, from May 24 through 28.  The event determined the champion of the Colonial Athletic Association for the 2006 season.  Fifth-seeded UNC Wilmington won the tournament for the second time and earned the CAA's automatic bid to the 2006 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Entering the event, former member East Carolina had won the most championships, with seven.  Among active members, Old Dominion and VCU led with three titles while George Mason had won twice and UNC Wilmington and William & Mary had each won once.

William & Mary Tribe baseball
The William & Mary Tribe baseball team represents the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in NCAA Division I competition. The school's team, founded in 1895, currently competes in the Colonial Athletic Association and play their home games at the off-campus Plumeri Park.
Doernbecher Children's Hospital
Doernbecher Children's Hospital is an academic teaching children's hospital  associated with Oregon Health & Science University located in Portland, Oregon. Established in 1926, it is the first full-service children's hospital in the Pacific Northwest, and provides full-spectrum pediatric care. Doernbecher Children's hospital is consistently ranked by U.S. News & World Report as one of the United States' top pediatric hospitals in multiple medical specialties.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Strait of Sicily
The Strait of Sicily (also known as Sicilian Strait, Sicilian Channel, Channel of Sicily, Sicilian Narrows and Pantelleria Channel; Italian: Canale di Sicilia or the Stretto di Sicilia; Sicilian: Canali di Sicilia or Strittu di Sicilia, Arabic: مضيق صقلية Maḍīq Ṣiqillīyah or مضيق الوطن القبلي Maḍīq al-Waṭan al-Qiblī) is the strait between Sicily and Tunisia. The strait is about 145 kilometres (90 mi) wide and divides the Tyrrhenian Sea and the western Mediterranean Sea, from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The maximum depth is 316 meters (1,037 ft). The island of Pantelleria lies in the middle of the strait.

There are regular ferries between Sicily and Tunis across the Strait of Sicily; a tunnel has been proposed to link the two regions.

Graham Island (Mediterranean Sea)
Graham Island (Italian: Isola Ferdinandea; French: Île Julia) is a submerged volcanic island in the Mediterranean Sea near Sicily. It forms the tip of the submarine volcano Empedocles, 30 km (19 mi) south of Sicily, which is one of a number of underwater volcanoes known as the Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia.

The island has emerged from sea level four times in recorded history. Seamount eruptions have raised it from the surface before erosion submerged it again. The last prominent appearance occurred in July 1831, when the island emerged above sea level for six months. During that time, a four-way dispute over the island's sovereignty arose, which remained unresolved.

The island is still referenced on marine charts, as its top is only 6 metres (20 feet) short of breaking the surface; it thus becomes a potentially dangerous hidden obstacle for many seafaring vessels, whose keels most often run deeper than this. It is also a small shoal on which near-surface maritime creatures dwell.
Rhiwsaeson
Rhiwsaeson is a village and district of the principal town and community of Llantrisant with the County Borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf in South Wales.  It is located on the south easterly outskirts of the town, along the Afon Clun, south of the A473 and near the village of Groes-faen (Pontyclun) and Creigiau within northwest Cardiff.

A473 road
The A473 is a main road linking Pontypridd with Bridgend in Wales.

The route begins in Upper Boat just south of Pontypridd, at the junction with the A470 and A4054 roads.  It crosses the bridge in an easterly direction and continues along the road until it reaches the hill known locally as Power Station hill until it reaches a roundabout near the village of Tonteg after which it heads in a south westerly direction.  The road continues along the stretch of road bypassing the villages of Church Village, Llantwit Fardre, Beddau and Llantrisant.  After Llantrisant, the road heads in a westerly direction through Llanharan and then turns to a south westerly direction through Pencoed.  The road enters Bridgend from the south and passes through the town centre before terminating at the junction with the A48 at Laleston to the west of Bridgend.
Usera
Usera [uˈse.ɾa] is a district of Madrid, Spain. It lies on the southern (right) bank of the Manzanares. It is home to about 10% of the Chinese citizens who live in the Madrid region, and has long-established Colombian community.

Chinatown
Chinatown (Chinese: 唐人街) is a common term used to describe an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, typically situated in an urban area. Chinatowns can be found around the world, including in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The history of Chinatowns date back to the Tang dynasty in the 10th century, arising from the nation's important role in global trade.

Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest standing Chinatown. Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the early 1850s during the California and Victoria gold rushes, respectively. A more modern example, in Montville, Connecticut, was caused by the displacement of Chinese workers in New York's Manhattan Chinatown following the September 11th attacks in 2001.
Shacklewell Hollow
Shacklewell Hollow is a 3.2 hectares (7.9 acres) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Empingham in Rutland, and beside the A606 road.

This marshy site is in the valley of a tributary of the River Gwash. The marsh is dominated by hard rush, and there are several artificial ponds with large populations of mare's tail. There are also areas of calcareous grassland and alder wood.

The site is private property with no public access.

Shacklewell Hollow is also the name of a Scout campsite. It can accommodate up to 100 people in 4.5 acres (1.8 ha)  of grassland and woods.

River Gwash
The River Gwash, occasionally Guash, a tributary of the River Welland, flows through the English counties of Leicestershire, Rutland and Lincolnshire. It rises just outside the village of Knossington in Leicestershire, near the western edge of Rutland. It is about 39 kilometres (24 mi) long.
God of Thunder (EP)
God of Thunder is an EP by White Zombie which was released in 1989 by Caroline Records. It was the band's first release with Jay Yuenger on guitar. The EP contains "God of Thunder", originally a Kiss song from their 1976 album Destroyer, and "Disaster Blaster II", a reworked version of "Disaster Blaster" from their 1989 album Make Them Die Slowly.

Caroline Records
Caroline Records is a record label that was founded in 1973, in the United Kingdom to showcase British progressive rock groups.  The label ceased releasing titles in 1976, and then re-emerged in the United States in 1986. The label released the work of American punk rock, thrash metal and new wave music bands. Caroline had a number of subsidiary labels, including Astralwerks, Gyroscope, Caroline Blue Plate, Beat the World, Scamp and Passenger. In 2013, the brand was relaunched by Universal Music via the Capitol Music Group.
Chicken Shop Date
Chicken Shop Date is a British YouTube interview show created and hosted by Amelia Dimoldenberg, and produced by her production company Dimz Inc. The show features celebrity interviews that are framed as dates in a local chicken shop.

The series' first YouTube video was posted in March 2014, and as of July 24, 2025, 112 episodes have been released. The show has been nominated for several awards, winning Indie Series at the Streamy Awards in 2022 after garnering popularity for its "gleeful subversion of the classic late-night talk show format."

Streamy Awards
The YouTube Streamy Awards, also known as the Streamy Awards or Streamys, are an awards show presented annually by Dick Clark Productions and Tubefilter to recognize excellence in online video, including directing, acting, producing, and writing. The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented takes place in Los Angeles, California. It was the first awards show dedicated entirely to web series.
José Gomes Temporão
José Gomes Temporão (born 20 October 1951) is a Brazilian public health physician and politician, formerly of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, who later joined the Brazilian Socialist Party. He was Brazilian Minister of Health from 2007 to 2010, during the second term of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's administration.

Minister of health
A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare spending and other social security services.

Some governments have separate ministers for mental health.
Wayne Babych
Wayne Joseph Babych (born June 6, 1958) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the St. Louis Blues, Pittsburgh Penguins, Quebec Nordiques, and Hartford Whalers. He is the older brother of former NHL player Dave Babych.

Babych played his junior career with the Edmonton Oil Kings and Portland Winter Hawks of the Western Canada Hockey League before being drafted 3rd overall by St. Louis in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft. A skilled winger, he netted 20 or more goals four times in seven full NHL seasons. In 1980–81, Babych become the first 50-goal scorer in Blues franchise history. His 54 goals stood as the Blues single season record until Brett Hull's 72 goal campaign in 1989–90. Babych, Hull and Brendan Shanahan are the only players in Blues history to record 50-goal seasons.

Babych was inducted into the St. Louis Blues Hall of Fame in January 2025 along with Jim Roberts and Curtis Joseph.

Hartford Whalers
The Hartford Whalers were a professional ice hockey team based for most of its 25-year existence in Hartford, Connecticut. The club played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 until 1979, and in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1997.

Originally based in Boston, they were charter members of the WHA, known as the New England Whalers for all seven seasons. After their second season, the team moved one hundred miles (160 km) southwest to Hartford in April 1974; five years later, the Whalers joined the NHL in the 1979 NHL–WHA merger and were renamed the "Hartford Whalers" because the Boston Bruins did not want to share a geographical market with the team.

After 25 years in New England, the franchise relocated to North Carolina in 1997 and became the Carolina Hurricanes.
Scorpius in Chinese astronomy
The name of the IAU constellation Scorpius  in modern Chinese is 天蝎座 (tiān xiē zuò).

In terms of    traditional Chinese uranography, the modern constellation is located within the eastern quadrant of the sky, which is symbolized as the Azure Dragon of the East (東方青龍, Dōng Fāng Qīng Lóng) and includes the asterisms "Heart", "Room" and "Tail".

Azure Dragon
The Azure Dragon (simplified Chinese: 青龙; traditional Chinese: 青龍; pinyin: Qīnglóng) is one of the Dragon Gods who represent the mounts or chthonic forces of the Five Regions' Highest Deities (五方上帝; Wǔfāng Shàngdì). It is also one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations, which are the astral representations of the Wufang Shangdi. The Azure Dragon represents the east and the spring season. It is also sometimes referred to as the Blue-Green Dragon, Green Dragon, or the Blue Dragon (苍龙; 蒼龍; Cānglóng).

The Dragon is frequently referred to in the media, feng shui, other cultures, and in various venues as the Green Dragon and the Avalon Dragon. His cardinal direction's epithet is "Blue-Green Dragon of the East" (东方青龙; 東方青龍; Dōngfāng Qīnglóng or 东方苍龙; 東方蒼龍; Dōngfāng Cānglóng).

This dragon is also known as Seiryū in Japanese, Cheongryong in Korean and Thanh Long in Vietnamese.
Heikki Nurmio
Heikki Nurmio (1887–1947) was a Finnish jäger and writer. He is remembered for writing the lyrics for "Jääkärien marssi" (Jäger March) composed by Jean Sibelius in 1917.

Heikki Nurmio joined the 27th Jäger Battalion in 1916 in Germany. He participated in battles in Germany's Eastern Front and fought against the Russian Empire in the Finnish Civil War. His book Jääkärin päiväkirja (Diary of a jäger) was published in 1918 and he became known for writing war novels for younger audiences.

He was director of the Finnish Cadet School from 1925 to 1927.

During World War II, Nurmio served in the Finnish Army Headquarters as the chief of the War History office. He was promoted to colonel on May 16, 1938.

His brother was Yrjö Nurmio.

Jäger Movement
The Jäger Movement (Finnish: Jääkäriliike) consisted of volunteers from Finland who trained in Germany as Jägers during World War I. Supported by Germany to enable the creation of a Finnish sovereign state, the movement was one of many means by which Germany intended to weaken Russia and to cause Russia's loss of its western provinces and dependencies.
Manu V. Devadevan
Manu V. Devadevan (born 1977) is an Indian historian known for his works on pre-modern south India. He holds an expertise in multiple Indian languages. He currently works at School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi. He has also published two poetry collections in Kannada and is also a translator.

Manu Devadevan, originally from Kerala, grew up and studied in Bengaluru. He completed his post-graduate degree from Jawaharlal Nehru University and completed his doctoral research from Mangalore University (under historian Kesavan Veluthat). The Infosys Prize 2019 for Humanities was awarded to Manu Devadevan.

Infosys Prize
The Infosys Prize is an annual award granted to scientists, researchers, engineers and social scientists of Indian origin (not necessarily born in India) by the Infosys Science Foundation and ranks among the highest monetary awards for research in India. The prize for each category includes a gold medallion, a citation certificate, and prize money of US$100,000 (or equivalent in Indian Rupees). The prize purse is tax free for winners living in India. The winners are selected by the jury of their respective categories, headed by the jury chairs.

In 2008, the prize was jointly awarded by the Infosys Science Foundation and National Institute of Advanced Studies for mathematics. The following year, three additional categories were added: Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Social Sciences. In 2010, Engineering and Computer Science was added as a category. In 2012, a sixth category, Humanities, was added.
Apocynum
Apocynum, commonly known as dogbane or Indian hemp, is a small genus of the flowering plant family Apocynaceae. Its name comes from Ancient Greek ἀπόκυνον, from ἀπο- apo- "away" and κύων kyōn "dog", referring to dogbane (Cionura erecta), which was used to poison dogs. The genus is native to North America, temperate Asia, and southeastern Europe.

Apocynum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the queen butterfly and the mouse moth.

Cionura
Cionura is a genus of perennial plants found through the Mediterranean regions, the South and Eastern parts of the Balkan peninsula and Asia Minor to Afghanistan. It contains only one known species, Cionura erecta.

The plants are woody-stemmed, either upright or twining with numerous herbaceous sprawling stems and poisonous milky sap. The leaves are bright green and broadly ovate, 7–12 centimetres (2+3⁄4–4+3⁄4 in) long and 4–8 centimetres (1+9⁄16–3+1⁄8 in) wide. Large clusters of delicate fragrant white flowers are borne terminally from April to June. The plants bear fruits 8 centimetres (3+1⁄8 in) long, with a papery flap. The seeds have a wide marginal wing all around with a terminal tuft of long white silky hairs. Because it is a poisonous plant, goats and sheep do not approach it.