hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese Wall (Montana)
The Chinese Wall is a large cuesta that lies along the crest of the Lewis and Clark Range in Bob Marshall Wilderness Area in northwestern Montana, USA. It stretches from Junction Mountain northward for 15 miles (24 km). It has an eastward-facing escarpment, 700 to 1,300 ft (210 to 400 m) high, carved by Pleistocene glaciers from westward-tilted, sparsely fossiliferous, Middle Cambrian limestones. At the base of this sheer wall, the limestones overlie Middle Cambrian shales and sandstones resting unconformably on late Precambrian sedimentary strata of the Belt Supergroup. The highest points on the wall are named separately as mountain peaks, including Junction, Haystack, Cliff, and Salt mountains. The Chinese Wall makes up part of the Continental Divide: water on the different sides of the wall flow into either the Atlantic Ocean (through the Gulf of Mexico) or the Pacific Ocean.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Cantellated 24-cell honeycomb
In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the cantellated 24-cell honeycomb is a uniform space-filling honeycomb. It can be seen as a cantellation of the regular 24-cell honeycomb, containing rectified tesseract, cantellated 24-cell, and tetrahedral prism cells.

Rectified tesseract
In geometry, the rectified tesseract, rectified 8-cell is a uniform 4-polytope (4-dimensional polytope) bounded by 24 cells: 8 cuboctahedra, and 16 tetrahedra. It has half the vertices of a runcinated tesseract, with its  construction, called a runcic tesseract.

It has two uniform constructions, as a rectified 8-cell r{4,3,3} and a cantellated demitesseract, rr{3,31,1}, the second alternating with two types of tetrahedral cells.

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as tC8.
Sasyk Lagoon
Sasyk, or Kunduk (Ukrainian: Сасик, Кундук, Romanian: Limanul Sasic, Conduc, Turkish: Sasık Gölü, Kunduk Gölü), is a lagoon or liman in southern Ukraine, near the Danube Delta. It is a Ramsar listed wetland site important for migrating, breeding and moulting birds. About 25,000 pairs of wetland birds make their nests there (an increase of 15,000 since 2000) and seasonal conglomerations of birds are up to 100,000 individuals.

The area of the lagoon is 241.88 square kilometres (93.39 sq mi), and has a depth up to 3.3 metres (11 ft). Until 1978 the lagoon was separated into two parts: northern brackishwater area, including the rivers Cogâlnic and Sarata, and a southern marine area. The lagoon was separated from the sea by a 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) wide sandbar.

Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

Every three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.
Christopher Draper
Squadron Commander Christopher Draper DSC (15 April 1892 – 16 January 1979), was an English flying ace of World War I. His penchant for flying under bridges earned him the nickname "the Mad Major". After the war he became a film star through his work both as a stunt pilot and as an actor. During the 1930s he worked for a time as a British secret agent, serving as a double agent to Nazi Germany. He returned to the Navy in World War II. During his flying career he logged over 17,000 flying hours on 73 types of aircraft.

Central Flying School
The Central Flying School (CFS) is the Royal Air Force's primary institution for the training of military flying instructors. Established in 1912 at the Upavon Aerodrome, it is the longest existing flying training school in the world. The school was based at RAF Little Rissington from 1946 to 1976. Its motto is Imprimis Praecepta, Latin for "The Teaching is Everlasting".

The school currently manages a series of training squadrons and the RAF Display Team.
Aquapheresis
Aquapheresis is a medical technology designed to remove excess salt and water from the body safely, predictably, and effectively from patients with a condition called fluid overload. It removes the excess salt and water and helps to restore a patient's proper fluid balance, which is called euvolemia.

Health technology
Health technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives". This includes pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organizational systems used in the healthcare industry, as well as computer-supported information systems. In the United States, these technologies involve standardized physical objects, as well as traditional and designed social means and methods to treat or care for patients.
VAW-125
Airborne Command & Control Squadron 125 (VAW-125), known as the "Torch Bearers" or "Tigertails", was established on 1 October 1968, at Naval Air Station Norfolk.  The squadron's initial supporting command was Carrier Air Wing Three (CVW-3) deploying aboard USS Saratoga.

The squadron is equipped with the E-2 Hawkeye. It was the first east coast squadron with E-2B's in 1968, among the first to operate the E-2C in 1975, receiving the E-2C 2000 in its first operational year in 2003, and the first unit to operate the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye in 2014.

Carrier Air Wing Three
Carrier Air Wing Three (CVW-3), known as the "Battle Axe", is a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia. The wing was created on 1 July 1938 and has seen service in World War II, the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Vietnam War, Lebanon, against Libya, and the Global War on Terror.
A Ship Bound for India
A Ship Bound for India (Swedish: Skepp till Indialand) is a 1947 Swedish film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman, based on the play by Martin Söderhjelm. It was originally released as A Ship to India in the United Kingdom and Frustration in the United States. The film is about the relationships within a family, a subject with which Bergman often dealt in later films, and uses other common devices of Bergman, such as the hard father figure. Birger Malmsten, who plays the lead character Johannes, went on to feature in several later Bergman films.

The film was entered into the 1947 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, which was known at the time as the Grand Prix.

1947 Cannes Film Festival
The 2nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 12 to 25 September 1947. The new building that was meant to host the festival, the Palais du Festival, was still not ready, and the festival was held amid many technical and financial problems. In 1947, the entire jury of the Festival was French. Six awards were given to films of different categories.
Qiketai Formation
The Qiketai Formation is a geological formation in Xinjiang, China. It is found within the Turpan-Hami Basin. It is roughly equivalent in age to the nearby Toutunhe Formation and Wucaiwan Formation of the Southern and Northern Junggar Basin, respectively. Tuffites within the unit have been dated to the Callovian stage of the Jurassic approximately 164.6 ± 1.4 ma. The dinosaur Xinjiangtitan is known from the formation.

Callovian
In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 165.3 ± 1.1 Ma (million years ago) and 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the Oxfordian.
Bright Shiny Morning
Bright Shiny Morning is a novel written by James Frey, published in 2008.  Set in Los Angeles, it follows the lives of several characters: a married couple, both celebrities, named Amberton and Casey; a young couple, Maddie and Dylan; a Mexican-American maid named Esperanza; a homeless man of Venice named Old Man Joe.  The novel not only traces the lives of these main characters but also includes "mini-profiles" of other minor characters as well as facts concerning the county of Los Angeles.

Frey and Terry Richardson published a companion photo-book Wives, Wheels, Weapons excerpting three stories from the novel.

Terry Richardson
Terrence Richardson (born August 14, 1965) is an American former fashion and portrait photographer. He has shot advertising campaigns for Marc Jacobs, Aldo, Supreme, Sisley, Tom Ford, and Yves Saint Laurent among others, and also done work for magazines such as Rolling Stone, GQ, Vogue, Vanity Fair, Harper's Bazaar, i-D, and Vice.

Since 2001, Richardson has been accused by multiple models of sexual misconduct. In 2017, brands and magazines that had worked with Richardson in the past began distancing themselves from him, and said they would no longer employ him. He has not actively worked as a photographer since 2018.
Cockeysville Marble
The Cockeysville Marble is a Precambrian, Cambrian, or Ordovician marble formation in Baltimore, Carroll, Harford and Howard Counties, Maryland.  It also occurs in two locations in northern Delaware. It is described as a predominantly metadolomite, calc-schist, and calcite marble, with calc-gneiss and calc-silicate marble being widespread but minor.

The extent of this formation was originally mapped in 1892 within Baltimore County by G. H. William, who also named it Cockeysville Marble.

Due to its historical significance, it was proposed in 2020 to include it as a Global Heritage Stone Resource, a designation that provides international recognition of natural stone resources that have achieved widespread utilization in human culture.

Gneiss
Gneiss (/naɪs/ NYSE) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures ranging from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage.

Gneisses are common in the ancient crust of continental shields. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth are gneisses, such as the Acasta Gneiss.
March–April 1605 conclave
The March–April 1605 conclave was convened on the death of Clement VIII and ended with the election of Cardinal Alessandro de' Medici as Pope Leo XI. It was the first of the two papal conclaves in 1605; Leo XI died on 27 April 1605, just twenty-six days after he was elected. The conclave was dominated by conflict over whether Cardinal Cesare Baronius should be elected pope, and Philip III of Spain excluded both Baronius and the eventually successful candidate, Medici.

Pope Gregory XIV
Pope Gregory XIV (Latin: Gregorius XIV; Italian: Gregorio XIV; 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591), born Niccolò Sfondrato or Sfondrati, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 December 1590 to his death, in October 1591.
William Davenant
Sir William Davenant (baptised 3 March 1606 – 7 April 1668), also spelled D'Avenant, was an English poet and playwright. Along with Thomas Killigrew, Davenant was one of the rare figures in English Renaissance theatre whose career spanned both the Caroline and Restoration eras and who was active both before and after the English Civil War and during the Interregnum.

Davenant was reportedly a godson of fellow playwright William Shakespeare, and he wrote a memorial ode for his godfather when he was only 12-years-old. Later in life, he was rumored to be Shakespeare's illegitimate son. In 1638, Davenant replaced Ben Jonson as the new Poet Laureate. Davenant was a Royalist in the English Civil War and was sentenced to death by the Parliamentarians in 1650. His life was reportedly spared by the intervention of a fellow writer, John Milton.

Interregnum (England)
The Interregnum was the period between the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649 and the arrival of his son Charles II in London on 29 May 1660, which marked the start of the Restoration. During the Interregnum, England was under various forms of republican government.
Good Old Boys (Randy Newman album)
Good Old Boys is the fourth studio album by American musician Randy Newman, released on  September 10, 1974, on Reprise Records, catalogue number 2193. It was Newman's first album to obtain major commercial success, peaking at number 36 on the Billboard 200 and number 58 in Canada. The premiere live performance of the album took place on October 5, 1974, at the Symphony Hall in Atlanta, Georgia, with guest Ry Cooder and Newman conducting the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra.

Premiere
A premiere, also spelled première, (from French: première, 1re, transl. first, 1st) is the debut (first public presentation) of a work, i.e. play, film, dance, musical composition, or even a performer in that work.
Bagnold's fluid
Bagnold's fluid refers to a suspension of neutrally buoyant particles in a Newtonian fluid such as water or air. The term is named after Ralph Alger Bagnold, who placed such a suspension in an annular coaxial cylindrical rheometer in order to investigate the effects of grain interaction in the suspension.

Shear rate
In physics, mechanics and other areas of science, shear rate is the temporal rate at which a progressive shear strain is applied to some material, causing shearing to the material. Shear rate has quantity dimension of velocity per distance, which simplifies to reciprocal time.
Copying
Copying is the duplication of information or an artifact based on an instance of that information or artifact, and not using the process that originally generated it. With analog forms of information, copying is only possible to a limited degree of accuracy, which depends on the quality of the equipment used and the skill of the operator. There is some inevitable generation loss, deterioration and accumulation of "noise" (random small changes) from original to copy when copies are made. This deterioration accumulates with each generation. With digital forms of information, copying is perfect. Copy and paste is frequently used by a computer user when they select and copy an area of text or content.

Analog device
Analog devices are a combination of both analog machine and analog media that can together measure, record, reproduce, receive or broadcast continuous information, for example, the almost infinite number of grades of transparency, voltage, resistance, rotation, or pressure. In theory, the continuous information in an analog signal has an infinite number of possible values with the only limitation on resolution being the accuracy of the analog device.

Analog media are materials with analog properties, such as photographic film, which are used in analog devices, such as cameras.
Rational mysticism
Rational mysticism, which encompasses both rationalism and mysticism, is a term used by scholars, researchers, and other intellectuals, some of whom engage in studies of how altered states of consciousness or transcendence such as trance, visions, and prayer occur. Lines of investigation include historical and philosophical inquiry as well as scientific inquiry within such fields as neurophysiology and psychology.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Byasa mencius
Byasa mencius is a butterfly from the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in China. The species was first described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1862.

The wingspan is 10–11 cm. The wings are dark brown with chain of large red spots on the hindwings. The underside of the body is covered in red hairs.

The larvae feed on Cocullus carolinus.

Cajetan von Felder
Baron Cajetan von Felder (German: Cajetan Freiherr von Felder; 19 September 1814 – 30 November 1894) was an Austrian lawyer, entomologist and liberal politician. He served as mayor of Vienna from 1868 to 1878.
Phaedrus (dialogue)
The Phaedrus (/ˈfiːdrəs/; Ancient Greek: Φαῖδρος, romanized: Phaidros), written by Plato, is a dialogue between Socrates and Phaedrus, an interlocutor in several dialogues. The Phaedrus was presumably composed around 370 BC, about the same time as Plato's Republic and Symposium. Although the dialogue appears to be primarily concerned with the topic of love, the discussion also revolves around the art of rhetoric and how it should be practiced, and dwells on subjects as diverse as metempsychosis (the Greek tradition of reincarnation) and erotic love, and the nature of the human soul shown in the famous chariot allegory.

Muses
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, romanized: Moúsai, [ˈmuː.sai̯]; singular: Μοῦσα, Moúsa, [ˈmuː.sa]; Greek: Μούσες, romanized: Múses, [ˈmuː.ses]) were the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture.

The number and names of the Muses differed by region, but from the Classical period the number of Muses was standardized to nine, and their names were generally given as Calliope, Clio, Polyhymnia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Erato, Melpomene, Thalia, and Urania.

In modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.
Harlan Howard Thompson
Harlan Howard Thompson (December 25, 1894 – October 9, 1987) was an author of children's books. He was a member of International PEN, a worldwide association of authors, and was its international president from 1958–59, as well as the Western Writers of America and other organizations. He published the novel Prairie Colt using the pseudonym Stephen Holt.

Thompson was born December 25, 1894, in Brewster, Kansas. He attended South Pasadena High School in California. He then attended the University of Southern California from 1917 to 1919, which houses his papers.

Among Thompson's novels are Prairie Colt, which was awarded the Boys Clubs of America gold medal in 1947, Stormy, We Were There With The California Forty-niners, Wild Palomino and many other juvenile western books. Spook the Mustang won the silver medal in fiction in the  1956 California Book Awards.

For many years, he owned the TX Ranch in Alberta, Canada.  He died on  October 9, 1987, in Pasadena, California.

Boys & Girls Clubs of America
Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) is a United States–based nonprofit organization that operates a nationwide network of more than 5,500 local Boys & Girls Clubs. The organization serves children and youth by providing safe spaces, caring adult mentors, meals and snacks, and youth development programs that support academic success, leadership skills, and health and wellness. BGCA holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code, is headquartered in Atlanta, and operates regional offices across the United States. Boys & Girls Clubs of America reaches more than 4 million kids and teens each year through its Club programs across the United States, Native lands, and U.S. military installations.
Hamler, Ohio
Hamler is a village in Henry County, Ohio, United States. The population was 600 at the 2020 census. Hamler is a rural farming community in Northwest Ohio about 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Toledo, Ohio. It is located at the intersection of the former Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) and former Detroit, Toledo and Ironton (D, T & I) railroads and the intersection of Ohio State Route 109 and Ohio State Route 18.

Ohio State Route 18
State Route 18 (SR 18) is an east–west highway in northern Ohio. It is the sixth longest state route in the state.  Its western terminus is at the Indiana state line near Hicksville, where the route continues in Indiana as State Road 8, and its eastern terminus is at State Route 91 in Akron.
Biotin attachment domain
Biotin/lipoyl attachment domain has a conserved lysine residue that binds biotin or lipoic acid. Biotin plays a catalytic role in some carboxyl transfer reactions and is covalently attached, via an amide bond, to a lysine residue in enzymes requiring this coenzyme. Lipoamide acyltransferases have an essential cofactor, lipoic acid, which is covalently bound via an amide linkage to a lysine group. The lipoic acid cofactor is found in a variety of proteins.

Lipoic acid
Lipoic acid (LA), also known as α-lipoic acid, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and thioctic acid, is an organosulfur compound derived from caprylic acid (octanoic acid). ALA, which is made in animals normally, is essential for aerobic metabolism. It is also available as a dietary supplement or pharmaceutical drug in some countries. Lipoate is the conjugate base of lipoic acid, and the most prevalent form of LA under physiological conditions. Only the (R)-(+)-enantiomer (RLA) exists in nature. RLA is an essential cofactor of many processes.
Prosveta Publishing House
Prosveta Publishing House was established within the Ministry of People’s Education on 15 February 1945 by a Decree of the Regents of Bulgaria with the purpose of “publishing textbooks, teaching aids, notebooks, and drawing pads for all academic subjects in all types of schools and academic institutions.
According to statistics, Prosveta has published and circulated the works of over 50,000 authors and 28,000 titles in 788 series in more than two billion copies.
Prosveta Publishing House is a member of the EEPG (European Educational Publishers Group).

Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgaria)
The Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgarian: Министерство на образованието и науката, Ministerstvo na obrazovanieto i naukata) of Bulgaria is the ministry charged with regulating and promoting the educational and scientific work in the country. It was founded as the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment in 1879 and existed under this name until 1947, after which it changed its name numerous times. In 2009 the name changed from "Ministry of Education and Science" to "Ministry of Education, Youth and Science". In 2013, this change was reversed.