hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Virginia State Route 278
State Route 278 (SR 278) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as King Street, the state highway runs 1.64 miles (2.64 km) from U.S. Route 258 (US 258) north to an entrance to Langley Air Force Base within the independent city of Hampton.

Langley Air Force Base
Langley Air Force Base (IATA: LFI, ICAO: KLFI, FAA LID: LFI) is a United States Air Force base located in Hampton, Virginia, adjacent to Newport News. It was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917.

In October 2010, Langley Air Force Base was joined with Fort Eustis to become Joint Base Langley–Eustis. The base was established in accordance with congressional legislation implementing the recommendations of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission. The legislation ordered the consolidation of the two facilities which were nearby, but separate military installations, into a single joint base, one of 12 formed in the United States as a result of the law.

On February 4, 2023, an F-22 Raptor took off from the base and shot down a Chinese balloon, marking the jet's first-ever combat air kill.
Kinyoun stain
The Kinyoun method or Kinyoun stain (cold method), developed by Joseph J. Kinyoun, is a procedure used to stain acid-fast species of the bacterial genus Mycobacterium. It is a variation of a method developed by Robert Koch in 1882. Certain species of bacteria have a waxy lipid called mycolic acid, in their cell walls which allow them to be stained with Acid-Fast better than a Gram-Stain. The  unique ability of mycobacteria to resist decolorization by acid-alcohol  is why they are termed acid-fast. It involves the application of a primary stain (basic fuchsin), a decolorizer (acid-alcohol), and a counterstain (methylene blue). Unlike the Ziehl–Neelsen stain (Z-N stain), the Kinyoun method of staining does not require heating. In the Ziehl–Neelsen stain, heat acts as a physical mordant while phenol (carbol of carbol fuchsin) acts as the chemical mordant.

Phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire.

The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. It is acutely toxic and is considered a health hazard.

Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds, and is a liquid when manufactured. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives such as picric acid, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.
39th Artios Awards
The 39th Artios Awards, presented by the Casting Society of America, honoring the best originality, creativity and contribution of casting professionals to the overall quality of a film, television series, short form project, theatre production and commercial, were held on March 7, 2024, simultaneously at The Beverly Hilton in Los Angeles and Edison Ballroom in New York, and the White City House in London.

The nominations for the television, short form project, and theatre categories were announced on October 25, 2023. The nominees for the film categories were announced on January 12, 2024. Alex Edelman (New York), Niecy Nash-Betts (Los Angeles) and Samantha Moore (London) hosted the event simultaneously.

Alex Edelman
Alex Edelman (born March 20, 1989) is an American stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He was named Best Newcomer at the 2014 Edinburgh Festival Fringe for his show Millennial. He has toured three shows since 2014: Millennial (2014–2015), Everything Handed to You (2015–2016), and Just for Us (2018–2020; 2023–2024). Just for Us opened Off-Broadway in 2022 before premiering on Broadway in 2023 at The Hudson Theatre; it was named a NYT Critic's Pick both times and earned him a 2024 special Tony Award and an Emmy Award. In 2024 he was named to the Time 100 list of the world's most influential people.
Bholekane
Bholekane also known as Balegana or Balegane is a town in the Hhohho Region of northern Eswatini, also known by its former official name Swaziland. The town is located on the banks of the Nkomati River, to the north of Mliba and south of Herefords; it is approximately 100 kilometers northeast of Mbabane, one of the two capitals (along with Lobamba).
26°05′S 31°33′E﻿ / ﻿26.09°S 31.55°E﻿ / -26.09; 31.55

Mbabane
Mbabane (/ˌʌmbɑːˈbɑːneɪ/) is the most populous city in Eswatini (previously called Swaziland), and is one of the two capitals (along with Lobamba), serving as the executive capital.

It has an estimated population of 94,874 (2010). It is located on the Mbabane River and its tributary the Polinjane River in the Mdzimba Mountains. It is located in the Hhohho Region, of which it is also the capital. The average elevation of the city is 1,243 meters. It lies on the MR3 road.
Parachernes sabulosus
Parachernes sabulosus is a species of pseudoscorpion in the subgenus, Parachernes, of the subfamily Chernetinae, and was first described as Chelifer sabulosus by Albert Tullgren in 1909 from a specimen collected on Dirk Hartog Island.

Albert Tullgren
Hugo Albert Tullgren (7 September 1874, in Stockholm – 1 July 1958) was a Swedish entomologist and arachnologist.

In 1899 he received his bachelor's degree from Uppsala University, then from 1902 worked as an assistant at the National Entomological Institute. From 1907 he was associated with the entomology department of the Centralanstalten för försöksväsendet på jordbruksområdet (Central Institute for Experimental Agriculture), of which, he became a professor in 1913.

The jumping spider genus Tullgrenella was named in his honor by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão. The eponymous "Tullgren funnel" is a modified Berlese funnel, a device used to extract small insects and arthropods from soil samples.
Metyaki
Metyaki (Russian: Метяки; Yakut: Мэтэки, Meteki) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arylakhsky Rural Okrug of Verkhoyansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 212 kilometers (132 mi) from Batagay, the administrative center of the district, and 70 kilometers (43 mi) from Bala, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 16; down from 32 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Batagay
Batagay (Russian: Батага́й; Yakut: Баатаҕай, Baatağay) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Verkhoyansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Yana River. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,369.
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (Russian: Владимир Вольфович Жириновский, IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ˈvolʲfəvʲɪtɕ ʐɨrʲɪˈnofskʲɪj], né Eidelstein, Russian: Эйдельштейн; 25 April 1946 – 6 April 2022) was a Russian right-wing populist politician who served as the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) from its creation in 1992 until his death in 2022.

Zhirinovsky served as a deputy chairman of the State Duma from 1993 to 2000 and from 2011 until 2022.  He also worked as a delegate in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1996 to 2008. During his lifetime, Zhirinovsky ran in every single Russian presidential election except for the 2004 election.

Zhirinovsky was known for many controversies, as well as staunch advocacy for Russian military action against NATO.

Persona non grata
In diplomacy, a persona non grata (PNG) is a foreign diplomat that is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country. If the person is not recalled as requested, the host state may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the diplomatic mission (including the removal of diplomatic immunity). A host country may declare any member of a diplomatic staff persona non grata at any time without any explanation.
Taithu
Taithu, (Hmar: Tai-thu) is a Hmar village in Pherzawl district, Northeast India. The  National Highway 2 runs through this village connecting Manipur and Mizoram. According to the 2016 House Counting Data from the Government of Manipur, Taithu has 211 households where its population is recorded as 1198, with 601 males and 597 females.

National Highway 2 (India)
National Highway 2  is a national highway in India that runs from Dibrugarh in Assam to Tuipang in Mizoram. This national highway passes through the Indian states of Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram. This national highway is 1,325.6 km (823.7 mi) long. Before renumbering of national highways, NH-2 was variously numbered as old national highways 37, 61, 39, 150 and 54.
Oven glove
An oven glove, also commonly known as an oven mitt, is a thermal insulated glove or mitten usually worn in the kitchen to easily protect the wearer's hand from hot objects such as ovens, stoves, cookware, etc. They are functionally similar to pot-holders, but designed to be worn over one's entire hand.

Fabric oven mitts usually consist of a layer of thermal insulation surrounded by cotton fabric (often with decorative patterns). Newer oven mitts are often treated with silnylon, which makes them resistant to water and stains, or else are made of stronger synthetic materials such as Kevlar.

Single oven mitts are usually designed to be worn on either hand. Other designs consist of two gloves connected by fabric.

Stove
A stove or range is a device that generates heat inside or atop the device for local heating or cooking. Stoves can be powered with many fuels, such as natural gas, electricity, gasoline, wood, and coal.

The most common materials stoves are made of are cast iron, steel, and stone.

Concerns about air pollution have fostered efforts to improve stove design. Pellet stoves, for instance, are a type of clean-burning stove. Air-tight stoves, another type, burn their fuel more completely than conventional ones and so reduce the amount of the combustion by-products. Another method of reducing air pollution is through the addition of a device to clean the exhaust gas, such as a filter or afterburner.

Research and development on safer and lower-emission stoves is continuously evolving.
3rd electoral unit of the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The third electoral unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2000.  Located within Tuzla Canton, it consists of the municipalities of Tuzla, Lukavac, Srebrenik and Čelić.

Čelić
Čelić (Serbian Cyrillic: Челић) is a town and municipality located in the Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Čelić was part of the municipality of Lopare prior to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The part of the municipality that was controlled by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina became the municipality of Čelić.
Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a disorder that results in excess growth of certain parts of the human body. It is caused by excess growth hormone (GH) after the growth plates have closed. The initial symptom is typically enlargement of the hands and feet. There may also be an enlargement of the forehead, jaw, and nose. Other symptoms may include joint pain, thickened skin, deepening of the voice, headaches, and problems with vision. Complications of the disease may include type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, and high blood pressure.

Epiphyseal plate
The epiphyseal plate, epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance remodeling throughout its existing bone tissue, but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer (adds length).

The plate is only found in children and adolescents;  in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line. This replacement is known as epiphyseal closure or growth plate fusion. Complete fusion can occur as early as 12 for girls (with the most common being 14–15 years for girls) and as early as 14 for boys (with the most common being 15–17 years for boys).
Martin Vaïsse
Martin Vaïsse (born 11 August 1987) is a retired French tennis player. Vaisse has a career high ATP singles ranking of 225, achieved on 22 September 2014. Vaïsse made his ATP main draw doubles debut at the 2013 Open 13 where he partnered Maxime Chazal but lost in the first round.
At the 2014 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur, Vaïsse qualified for the main draw defeating Ante Pavić, Albert Ramos and Sam Querrey before losing in the first round to compatriot Nicolas Mahut.

Albert Ramos Viñolas
Albert Ramos Viñolas (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈβeɾ ˈramos βiˈɲolas]; born 17 January 1988) is a former Spanish professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 17, in May 2017, after the final of the 2017 Monte Carlo Masters.
Red Screes
Red Screes is a fell in the English Lake District, situated between the villages of Patterdale and Ambleside. It may be considered an outlier of the Fairfield group in the Eastern Fells, but is separated from its neighbours by low cols. This gives Red Screes an independence which is reflected in its prominence.

Ambleside
Ambleside is a town in the civil parish of Lakes and the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Westmorland and located in the Lake District National Park, the town sits at the head of Windermere, England's largest natural lake. In 2022 the built up area had an estimated population of 2,586.
No Regrets (Faye Wong album)
No Regrets (Chinese: 執迷不悔), also translated as Stubborn and Regretless and Never Deplore, is the fifth Cantonese studio album recorded by Chinese singer Faye Wong. It was released on 5 February 1993, under Cinepoly. The title track was released in both Cantonese and Mandarin.

Cinepoly Records
Cinepoly Records (新藝寶) is a Hong Kong–based record label founded in 1985. It was a subsidiary of PolyGram Records and the film company Cinema City. Ownership of Cinepoly Records  switched to Universal Music Group after Universal acquired PolyGram Records in 1998 and albums are distributed by Universal Music Hong Kong starting from 2017.

Many of Hong Kong's popstars and brands were on this label including:

Joe Lee (1986–1987)

Leslie Cheung (1987–1990)

Beyond (1988–1991)

Tai Chi (1985–1986,1999–2001)

Louis Lau (1990–1991)

Brian Cheng (1991–1993)

Pat Lew (1991–1994)

William So (1993–2003)

John Wu (1993–1994)

Faye Wong (1989–1997)

Softhard (1991–1996)

Priscilla Chan (1998–2001)

Julian Cheung (2000–2004)

Miriam Yeung (2001–2003)

Eason Chan (2004–2017)

Kay Tse (2007–2012)

Mr. (2008–2016)

Prudence Liew  (2008–2017)

Swing (2009–2012)

Kary Ng (2011–2017)

Pong Nan (2014–2017)
Ugo Flumiani
Ugo Flumiani (26 January 1876 – 8 December 1938) was an Italian landscape, mainly marine painter.

Flumiani was born in Trieste. He studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia with Guglielmo Ciardi, and subsequently in Bologna and in Milan. Subsequently, he returned to Trieste and lived there until his death. In 1899, he took part in the Venice Biennale, and later exhibited in Venice on a regular basis. He painted in the impressionist style but never joined any artistic movements.

Flumiani was a friend of speleologist Eugenio Boegan, and in the 1930s he made several painting of Škocjan Caves for the Alpine Society of the Julian Alps.

He died in Trieste in 1938. He is often considered a local artist associated with Trieste. A street in Trieste is named after Flumiani.

Flumiani's works are kept in a number of museums including Casa Cavazzini in Udine and Revoltella Museum in Trieste.

Revoltella Museum
The Revoltella Museum (Italian: Museo Revoltella) is a modern art gallery founded in Trieste, Italy, in 1872 by Baron Pasquale Revoltella. The baron left his house to the city (located in Piazza Venezia), including all the artworks, furniture and books it contained.
Arion Music Awards
The Arion Music Awards (Greek : Μουσικά Βραβεία Αρίων) were the Greek music industry's awards program from 2002 to 2007. The organizer was IFPI along with Mega Channel (2002–06) and ANT1 (2007). The awards were named after ancient Greek poet Arion. Other older Greek music awards were the Pop Corn Music Awards and the Thessaloniki Music Festival and newer awards are the MAD Video Music Awards. The awards were general awards and special awards concerned with the various Greek music genres (Éntekhno, Laiko, Modern Laiko and Pop music. The winners were determined by voting of music producers and music reporters.

Mega Channel
MEGA Channel, also known as MEGA TV or just MEGA, is a television network in Greece, that broadcasts a mix of foreign and Greek programming. It is the first and the oldest private television network in Greece.
Bangladesh Post Office
The Bangladesh Post Office (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ডাক বিভাগ) also known by trade name Bangla Post is a government-operated agency responsible for providing postal services in Bangladesh. It is a subsidiary of the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology. This ministry is concerned with the policymaking for its two attached departments.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Washington Relief Society Hall
The Washington Relief Society Hall is a historic building in Washington, Utah. It was built as an adobe building in 1875 for the local chapter of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and designed in the Greek Revival style. It was expanded with a west wing in 1904, and stuccoed. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 27, 1980.

Washington, Utah
Washington is a city in south central Washington County, Utah, United States and is a part of the St. George Metropolitan Area. The area is also known as Utah's Dixie because the Mormon pioneers who settled the St. George area came to the area to raise cotton, which was milled at the cotton mill in Washington. The population was 27,993 as of 2020. Washington is a fast-growing suburb of St. George, and is the second largest city in Washington County.

The city was named after U.S. President George Washington. The city administration has encouraged the use of the name "Washington City" in recent years.
2019 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The 2019 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp Racecourse on Sunday 6 October 2019. It was the 98th running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. The race was won by  Gestut Ammerland & Newsells Park's five-year-old horse Waldgeist, trained in France by André Fabre and ridden by Pierre-Charles Boudot. It was a record-breaking eighth win in the race for Fabre after the victories of Trempolino, Subotica, Carnegie, Peintre Celebre, Sagamix, Hurricane Run and Rail Link. Both the owners and jockey were winning the race for the first time. Waldgeist became the first French-trained five-year-old to win the Arc since Le Paillon in 1947.

Hurricane Run
Hurricane Run (2002–2016) was a champion Irish-bred thoroughbred racehorse. He was the second French-trained horse, after his sire Montjeu, to win both the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes. The colt was trained by André Fabre in France and ridden in all but one of his races by Christophe Soumillon or Kieren Fallon.
Iolaus ismenias
Iolaus ismenias, the white sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Uganda and Ethiopia. The habitat consists of dry savanna.

The larvae feed on Loranthus species.

Loranthus
Loranthus is a genus of parasitic plants that grow on the branches of woody trees. It belongs to the family Loranthaceae, the showy mistletoe family. In most earlier systematic treatments it contains all mistletoe species with bisexual flowers, though some species have reversed to unisexual flowers. Other treatments restrict the genus to a few species. The systematic situation of Loranthus is not entirely clear.

The generic name in botanical Latin means strap-flower, in reference to the shape of the petals.
Hook River
Hook River is a natural watercourse in the southern Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island.  The river flows east from its source to the Wainono Lagoon, a fresh water lake beside the Pacific Ocean.  On the way, it passes through the localities of Waiariari and Hook and is crossed by State Highway 1 and the Main South Line railway.  Water from the river and an associated aquifer is used for agricultural purposes.

State Highway 1 (New Zealand)
State Highway 1 (SH 1) is the longest and most significant road in the New Zealand road network, running the length of both main islands. It appears on road maps as SH 1 and on road signs as a white number 1 on a red shield, but it has the  official designations SH 1N in the North Island and SH 1S in the South Island.

SH 1 is 2,006 kilometres (1,246 mi) long, 1,074 km (667 mi) in the North Island and 932 km (579 mi) in the South Island. Since 2010 new roads have reduced the length from 2,033 km (1,263 mi). For the majority of its length it is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, in both rural and urban areas. These sections have some passing lanes. Around 315 km (196 mi) of SH 1 is of motorway or expressway standard as of August 2022: 281 km (175 mi) in the North Island and 34 km (21 mi) in the South Island.
Maryana Spivak
Maryana Timofeevna Spivak (Russian: Марьяна Тимофеевна Спивак; born 23 March 1985) is a Russian film and television actress known for the 2017 film Loveless.

She is the granddaughter of actress Zhanna Prokhorenko and daughter of Timofey Spivak. and studied at the Moscow Art Theatre School.

For director Andrey Zvyagintsev's Loveless, the crew spent four months on casting the character Zhenya, though Spivak was an early candidate, eventually successful. Spivak said she took the opportunity for a starring role in a film and the chance to work with Zvyagintsev. 
For Loveless, Spivak was nominated for Best Actress at the Russian Guild of Film Critics awards.

Russian Guild of Film Critics
The Russian Guild of Film Critics (Russian: Гильдия киноведов и кинокритиков России) is a Russian organization of professional film critics, headquartered in Moscow.  Beginning in 1998, the guild began conferring annual awards in several categories. The awards were called the "Golden Ram" or "Golden Aries" from 1998 to 2004, then, beginning in 2005, the name was changed to "White Elephant".

The guild belongs to the Union of Cinematographers of the Russian Federation, a non-government organisation, and has been a member of FIPRESCI since 1999.