hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boualem Bessaïh
Boualem Bessaïh (1930 – July 28, 2016) was an Algerian politician and writer. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Algeria from 1988 to 1989 and President of the Constitutional Council from 2005 to 2012. He was a professor of letters and human sciences at the University of Algiers.

University of Algiers 1
The University of Algiers 1 (Arabic: جامعة الجزائر), commonly called Benyoucef Benkhedda, is a public research university based in Algiers, Algeria. Founded in 1909 from the amalgamation of different French colonial educational institutions, it has become the oldest and most prestigious university in the country.
Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils
Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils was a French rabbi, Talmudist, Bible commentator, and payyetan (author of piyyutim) of the mid-eleventh century. He is also known by the Hebrew name Yosef Tov Elem or “Tobelem” (יוסף טוב עלם), a Hebrew translation from the French name "Bonfils."

Of his life nothing is known but that he came from Narbonne, and was rabbi of Limoges in the province of Anjou.

Samson of Coucy was one of his descendants.

Joseph Bonfils must not be confused, as he is by Azulai, with another scholar of the same name, who lived in 1200 and corresponded with Simḥah of Speyer.

Narbonne
Narbonne (/nɑːrˈbɒn/ nar-BON, US also /-ˈbɔːn, -ˈbʌn/ -⁠BAWN, -⁠BUN, French: [naʁbɔn] ⓘ; Occitan: Narbona [naɾˈβunɔ]; Latin: Narbo [ˈna(ː)rboː]; Late Latin: Narbona) is a commune and subprefecture in Southern France, located in the Occitanie region. It is located about 15 km (9 mi) from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and was historically a prosperous port city. Narbonne lies 849 km (528 mi) from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is an arrondissement. From the 14th century onwards, it declined following a change in the course of the river Aude. While it is the largest commune in Aude, the capital of the Aude department is the smaller commune of Carcassonne.
Vladislav Klimovich
Vladislav Tadeushevich Klimovich (Belarusian: Уладзіслаў Тадэвушавіч Клімовіч; Russian: Владислав Тадеушевич Климович; born 12 June 1996) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino.

FC Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino
FC Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino or FK Tarpeda-BelAZ Zhodzina (Belarusian: ФК Тарпеда-БелАЗ Жодзіна; Russian: Футбольный клуб Торпедо-БелАЗ Жодино, Futbolniy klub Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino) is a Belarusian football club based in Zhodzina (Zhodino). They play in the Belarusian Premier League, the top division in Belarusian football. Their home stadium is Torpedo Stadium.

The club is sponsored by the city's machine building factory BelAZ.
Abirabad, Semnan
Abirabad (Persian: عبيرآباد, also Romanized as ‘Abīrābād) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 11 families.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Harbor–UCLA Medical Center
Harbor–UCLA Medical Center is a 570-bed public teaching hospital located at  1000 West Carson Street in West Carson, an unincorporated area within Los Angeles County, California. The hospital is owned by Los Angeles County and operated by the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, while doctors are faculty of the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, who oversee the medical residents being trained at the facility.

The facility is one of two adult level I trauma centers (providing the highest level of surgical care to trauma patients) operated by Los Angeles County; the other is Los Angeles General Medical Center.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Seth Herzog
Seth G. Herzog (aka The Zog) is an American comedian. Herzog is active in New York City performing comedy and is a warm-up comedian for Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. He was the subject of the short film Zog's Place. He has also had small roles in such films as Safe Men, The Ten and The Baxter. Herzog has acted in numerous commercials, and on such T.V. shows as Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Chappelle's Show, and VH1's Best Week Ever.

The Ten (film)
The Ten is a 2007 anthology comedy film directed by David Wain, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Ken Marino. It was released through ThinkFilm. The film was released on August 3, 2007. The DVD was released on January 15, 2008. It is an international co-production between the United States and Mexico. It received mixed reviews.
Charlie Baker (racing driver)
Charlie Baker, born in 1952, is a NASCAR driver. He made twelve Winston Cup starts in his career, with a best finish of eighteenth.

Baker was better known as the most successful driver in GATR Big Rig racing history. Early in his career, driving the midnight blue No. 39 Kenworth, he entered the very first GATR race at Atlanta Motor Speedway in 1979. Baker may have been the only driver to take part in every GATR race, from 1979 until 1993.

Kenworth
Kenworth Truck Company is an American truck manufacturer. Founded in 1923 as the successor to Gersix Motor Company, Kenworth specializes in production of heavy-duty (Class 8) and medium-duty (Class 5–7) commercial vehicles.  Headquartered in the Seattle suburb of Kirkland, Washington, Kenworth has been a wholly owned subsidiary of PACCAR since 1945, operating alongside sister company (and marketplace rival) Peterbilt Motors.

Kenworth marked several firsts in truck production; the company introduced a raised-roof sleeper cab, and the first heavy-duty truck with an aerodynamically optimized body design. The Kenworth W900 has been produced continuously since 1961, serving as one of the longest production runs of any vehicle in automotive history. The K100 was also released in 1961.
P-Toluenesulfonic acid
para-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar organic solvents. The CH3C6H4SO2 group is known as the tosyl group and is often abbreviated as Ts or Tos. Most often, TsOH refers to the monohydrate, TsOH.H2O.

As with other aryl sulfonic acids, TsOH is a strong organic acid.  It is about one million times stronger than benzoic acid.  It is one of the few strong acids that is solid and therefore is conveniently weighed and stored.

Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid (/bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/) is a white or colorless crystalline organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH, whose structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with a carboxyl (−C(=O)OH) substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn", which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the benzoyl group has the formula −C6H5CO. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source.

Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.  Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.  The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates (/ˈbɛnzoʊ.eɪts/).
Frascati
Frascati (pronounced [fraˈskaːti]) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum.  Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories.

Frascati produces the white wine with the same name. It is also a  historical and artistic centre.

Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (Italian: città metropolitana di Roma Capitale) is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Lazio region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Rome and 120 other comuni (sg.: comune) in the hinterland of the city. With more than 4.2 million inhabitants, it is the largest metropolitan city in Italy as of 2025.

It was established on 1 January 2015 by the terms of Law 142/1990 (Reform of local authorities) and by Law 56/2014. It superseded the province of Rome. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (Sindaco metropolitano) and governed by the Metropolitan Council (Consiglio metropolitano). Roberto Gualtieri is the incumbent mayor, having taken office on 21 October 2021.
Transport in Darwin
The city of Darwin, Northern Territory is served by a wide variety of transport modes. While the city's main form of transport is private transport on the road network, transport is also available by bus, ferry and aircraft. There is no commuter rail network, although The Ghan long-distance train operates out of Darwin.

The Ghan
The Ghan (/ɡæn/) is an experiential tourism-oriented passenger train service that operates between the northern and southern coasts of Australia, through the cities of Adelaide, Alice Springs and Darwin on the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor.

Operated by Adelaide-based Journey Beyond, its scheduled travelling time, including extended stops for passengers to do off-train tours, is 53 hours 15 minutes to travel the 2,979 kilometres (1,851 mi). The Ghan has been described as one of the world's greatest passenger trains.
Shukor Zailan
Shukor bin Zailan (born 8 December 1985) is a retired Singaporean footballer who last played as a midfielder for S.League club Warriors. He is a natural playmaker.

He has previously played for S.League clubs Sembawang Rangers, Paya Lebar Punggol, Young Lions and Home United. He was previously Head Coach of COE team Warriors U13 and U14. In 2016, he made the switch and is the current coach of Hougang United U15

Young Lions FC
Young Lions Football Club, commonly known as Young Lions, is a developmental football club based in Kallang, Singapore, which competes in the Singapore Premier League. The team is under the control of the Football Association of Singapore.

Young Lions are one of the few football clubs in the world made up of young Singaporean footballers serving their compulsory two-year national service, which places an age restriction on team members while playing in a top-flight professional league. Players are on loan from several local Singapore Premier League clubs, and would spend two years with the side before returning.

Young Lions play their home matches at the Jalan Besar Stadium. Their best league finish was third, which they achieved in 2004 and 2006.
Multicolor Active Galactic Nuclei Monitoring
Multicolor Active Galactic Nuclei Monitoring or MAGNUM was a project completed in 2008, that used a 2 meter (78.7 inch) telescope at Haleakala, Hawaii. The project started in 1995, and with telescope observations starting in 2000 for the scientific study of active galactic nuclei. It was run by the University of Tokyo, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and Australian National University. MAGNUM was one of the telescopes that observed a cosmic explosion billions of years away in 2005. The telescope was used for a long-term study of the size of the universe; for example it studied the Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 5548, NGC 4051, NGC 3227, and NGC 7469 The telescope was located at the Haleakala Observatory and was installed in north dome previously used by LURE.

This was an astronomy project that used an automated telescope to look for AGN at visible and near infrared wavelengths.

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (国立天文台, kokuritsu tenmondai) (NAOJ) is an astronomical research organisation comprising several facilities in Japan, as well as an observatory in Hawaii and Chile.  It was established in 1988 as an amalgamation of three existing research organizations - the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory of the University of Tokyo, International Latitude Observatory of Mizusawa, and a part of Research Institute of Atmospherics of Nagoya University.

In the 2004 reform of national research organizations, NAOJ became a division of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences.
Khulm District
Khulm or Khulmi (Dari: خُلم) (see Kholm, Afghanistan) is a district of Samangan province, Afghanistan. Its capital lies at Kholm. In 2019 the estimated population was 81,234.

District profile:

Villages: 91

Education: 7 primary, 13 secondary, 7 high schools

Health centers: 2 basic, 2 comprehensive

Samangan Province
Samangan (Pashto, Dari: سمنگان) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located north of the Hindu Kush mountains in the central part of the country. The province covers 11,218 square kilometres (4,331 mi2), and is surrounded by Sar-e Pol Province in the west, Balkh in the north, Baghlan in the east and Bamyan in the south.

Samangan province is divided into 7 districts and contains 674 villages. It has a population of about 325,000, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. The city of Aybak serves as the provincial capital.

In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
Stanwix Street
Stanwix Street is a street nearly half a mile long near The Point in Downtown Pittsburgh.  Running south from the Allegheny River to the Monongahela River, it is the western terminus of Forbes Avenue, and intersects 8 other streets.  On it sits PPG Place and Fifth Avenue Place, the 3rd and 4th tallest buildings in Pittsburgh.

Downtown Pittsburgh
Downtown Pittsburgh, colloquially referred to as the Golden Triangle, and officially the Central Business District, is the urban downtown center of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the confluence of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River whose joining forms the Ohio River. The triangle is bounded by the two rivers.

The area features offices for major corporations such as PNC Bank, U.S. Steel, PPG, Bank of New York Mellon, Heinz, Federated Investors, and Alcoa. It is where the fortunes of such industrial barons as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, Henry J. Heinz, Andrew Mellon and George Westinghouse were made. It contains the site where the French fort, Fort Duquesne, once stood.
KZMG
KZMG (102.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Melba, Idaho, that serves the Boise metropolitan area. The station is currently owned by Iliad Media Group Holdings Employee Stock Ownership Trust, through licensee Iliad Media Group Holdings Inc. Known as My 102.7, it broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format and is home to Boise's #1 morning show, Joey & Lauren.

KZMG broadcasts in HD Radio. The studios and offices are on East Franklin Road in Nampa, Idaho.

Nampa, Idaho
Nampa (/ˈnæmpə/ ⓘ) is the most populous city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 100,200 at the 2020 census. It is Idaho's third-most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise metropolitan area. The name "Nampa" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning 'moccasin' or 'footprint'. According to toponymist William O. Bright, the name comes from the Shoshoni word /nampai/, meaning "foot". The city has a prominent student population, home to the College of Western Idaho and Northwest Nazarene University.
Blair House Agreement
The Blair House Agreement was the November 1992 agreement between the United States and the European Union on export subsidy and domestic subsidy reduction commitments in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations. The agreement also dealt with some bilateral agricultural trade issues.

Multilateral trade negotiations
The term multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) initially applied to negotiations between General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) member nations conducted under the auspices of the GATT and aimed at reducing tariff and nontariff trade barriers.  In 1995 the World Trade Organization (WTO) replaced the GATT as the administrative body.  A current round of multilateral trade negotiations was conducted in the Doha Development Agenda round.

Prior to the ongoing Doha Development Round, eight GATT sessions took place:

1st Round: Geneva Round, 1947

2nd Round: Annecy Round, 1949

3rd Round: Torquay Round, 1950-51

4th Round: Geneva Round, 1955-56

5th Round: Dillon Round, 1960-61

6th Round: Kennedy Round, 1963-67

7th Round: Tokyo Round, 1973-79

8th Round: Uruguay Round, 1986-94

The third WTO Ministerial Conference in Seattle, 1999, was intended to start the Millennium Round of negotiations.
Lepetodrilus sp. East Scotia Ridge
Lepetodrilus sp. East Scotia Ridge (nomen nudum) is an as yet undescribed species of small, deep-sea sea snail, a hydrothermal vent limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetodrilidae.

The first information about this species, under the name "Lepetodrilus n. sp.", was published on 3 January 2012.

Limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors).

All species of Patellogastropoda are limpets, with the Patellidae family in particular often referred to as "true limpets". Examples of other clades commonly referred to as limpets include the Vetigastropoda family Fissurellidae ("keyhole limpet"), which use a siphon to pump water over their gills, and the Siphonariidae ("false limpets"), which have a pneumostome for breathing air like the majority of terrestrial Gastropoda.
JonFX
John Alexander Crawford (born May 31, 1983), professionally known as JonFX, is a music producer from St. Andrews, Jamaica. He has worked with dancehall and reggae artists Shabba Ranks, I Wayne, Vybz Kartel, Gyptian and Akon, as well as late rapper XXXTentacion. In June 2018, he was appointed as a governor on the board of the Florida Grammy Chapter.

In November 2018, Arms Around You, a song produced by JonFX, entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 28; Streaming Songs Chart at number 18; R&B Streaming Songs Chart at number one; and Digital Sales Chart at number 18. He produced Sizzla Kalonji's I'm Yours, which made to the Billboard Reggae chart and Billboard Heatseeker's chart at No. 3 and No. 4.

I Wayne
I Wayne, Rastafarian stage name for Cliffroy Taylor (born August 6, 1980 in Portmore, Jamaica), is a roots reggae singer. He is known for his hit singles "Living In Love" and "Can't Satisfy Her" from his debut album, Lava Ground.
Perfect core
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, the perfect core (or perfect radical) of a group is its largest perfect subgroup. Its existence is guaranteed by the fact that the subgroup generated by a family of perfect subgroups is again a perfect subgroup. The perfect core is also the point where the transfinite derived series stabilizes for any group.

A group whose perfect core is trivial is termed a hypoabelian group. Every solvable group is hypoabelian, and so is every free group. More generally, every residually solvable group is hypoabelian.

The quotient of a group G by its perfect core is hypoabelian, and is called the hypoabelianization of G.

Residual property (mathematics)
In the mathematical field of group theory, a group is residually X (where X is some property of groups) if it "can be recovered from groups with property X".

Formally, a group G is residually X if for every non-trivial element g there is a homomorphism h from G to a group with property X such that .

More categorically, a group is residually X if it embeds into its pro-X completion (see profinite group, pro-p group), that is, the inverse limit of the inverse system consisting of all morphisms  from G to some group H with property X.
Monarda maritima
Monarda maritima, the seaside beebalm, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is endemic to deep sandy soils of the Coastal Bend of Texas. A perennial herb, it can reach 3 ft (0.9 m), sometimes taller.

Texas Coastal Bend
The Texas Coastal Bend, or just the Coastal Bend, is a geographical region in the US state of Texas. The name refers to the area being a curve along the Texas Gulf Coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The largest city of the Coastal Bend is Corpus Christi. It includes the Nueces Estuary (Corpus Christi Bay) and the Mission–Aransas Estuary (Aransas Bay), as well as part of Laguna Madre. The coastline is paralleled by several of the Texas barrier islands, including North Padre Island, Mustang Island, and San José Island.

The Coastal Bend consists of 9 counties: Aransas, Bee, Brooks, Jim Wells, Kenedy, Kleberg, Nueces, Refugio, and  San Patricio Counties.
Ben Breeze
Ben Breeze (born 8 April 1974 in Exeter) is an English born rugby union player who represented England U21, England Students and England 7's, as well as Wales A and Wales 7's. A winger or fullback, he played his club rugby for Bristol (1995–1999), Newport RFC (1999–2003), Newport Gwent Dragons (2003–2006) and Exeter Chiefs (2006–2010).

England national under-20 rugby union team
The England Under 20 rugby team are the newest representative rugby union team from England. They replace the two former age grade teams Under 19s and Under 21s. They compete in the annual Six Nations Under 20s Championship and World Rugby Under 20 Championship.

The head coach of the team is Alan Dickens.
Ichneutica lignana
Ichneutica lignana is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. This species is found on the Three Kings Islands as well as the North, South and Stewart Islands. This species lives in a variety of habitats including coastal areas, tussock grasslands, shrublands, and native forest, at a range of altitudes from sea level to over 1300 m. I. lignana is quite distinctive in appearance with its dark markings on the abdomen and forewings although it is possible to confuse Ichneutica morosa, Meterana pansicolor and Meterana pascoi with this species. Adults are on the wing throughout the year in the northern parts of the New Zealand but are restricted to the months of October to April in the more southern parts of the country.

Tussock grasslands of New Zealand
Tussock grasslands form expansive and distinctive landscapes in the South Island and, to a lesser extent, in the Central Plateau region of the North Island of New Zealand. Most of the plants referred to as tussocks are in the genera Chionochloa, Festuca, and Poa, also Carex.

What would be termed "herbfields" for European mountains, and bunchgrass meadows in North America, are referred to as tussock herbfields in New Zealand due to a dominance of this type of plant. Species of the genus Chionochloa dominate in these areas. The larger tussocks are called snow grass (or less commonly snow tussocks) and may grow up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in height. They grow slowly and some specimens are estimated to be several centuries old.