hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
L'Armida immaginaria
L'Armida immaginaria is a dramma giocoso in three acts by composer Domenico Cimarosa with an Italian libretto by Giuseppe Palomba. The opera was first performed in Naples during the summer of 1777 at the Teatro di Fiorentini.

Domenico Cimarosa
Domenico Cimarosa (Italian: [doˈmeːniko tʃimaˈrɔːza] ⓘ; 17 December 1749 – 11 January 1801) was an Italian composer of the Neapolitan School and of the Classical period. He wrote more than eighty operas, the best known of which is Il matrimonio segreto (1792); most of his operas are comedies. He also wrote instrumental works and church music.

Cimarosa was principally based in Naples, but spent some of his career in various other parts of Italy, composing for the opera houses of Rome, Venice, Florence and elsewhere. He was engaged by Catherine the Great of Russia as her court composer and conductor between 1787 and 1791. In his later years, returning to Naples, he backed the losing side in the struggle to overthrow the monarchy there, and was imprisoned and then exiled. He died in Venice at the age of 51.
Isabel Serra
Isabel Serra Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [isaˈβel ˈsera]; born 15 August 1989) is a Spanish activist and politician. She was a member of the Podemos Parliamentary Group in the Assembly of Madrid from 2015 to 2021.

Assembly of Madrid
The Assembly of Madrid or Madrid Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea de Madrid) is the unicameral autonomous legislature of the Autonomous Community of Madrid since the approval of the Madrid Charter of Autonomy in 1983.

It is elected every four years during the Spanish Regional and Municipal elections, as the Community of Madrid Charter of Autonomy does not recognise the right to call early elections (as in the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia and Andalusia), save for exceptional situations like the scandal that deadlocked the May 2003 Assembly and forced fresh elections in October 2003. According to the Charter, the Assembly is empowered to write Madrid's regional legislation, to control the regional government's actions, and to elect the President of the Community of Madrid.

The Assembly meets in the district of Vallecas of Madrid in a hall inaugurated in 1998 specifically designed to host the Madrid Assembly.
Ninja Crusaders
Ninja Crusaders is a side-scrolling action game released by Sammy Corporation for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990. The player takes control of one of two ninjas who are tasked at thwarting an alien invasion. The game has been compared to Tecmo's Ninja Gaiden series.

Sammy Corporation
Sammy Corporation is a Japanese developer and retailer of video game and gambling products and subsidiary of Sega Sammy Holdings, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Sammy manufactures pachinko and pachislot machines, and it expanded into video game development in the 1990s with games such as Viewpoint, Survival Arts, and The Rumble Fish.

Sammy was founded as Sammy Industry on November 1, 1975 as a spin-off of the arcade division of Satomi Corporation. The company primarily dealt with slot machines and arcade cabinets in Japan. Sammy largely left the video game industry by the late 1990s to focus on its pachinko and arcade management operations. In 2004, the company merged with video game developer and publisher Sega to form Sega Sammy Holdings.
U. A. Beeran
U. A. Beeran (9 March 1925 – 31 May 2001) was an Indian politician from Kottakkal, Malappuram, Kerala, India. Beeran was affiliated with the Indian Union Muslim League and later joined with the Indian National League. Beeran served as Minister in the Government of Kerala.

Indian National League
Indian National League (INL) is an Indian political party formed in 1994 under the leadership of the then IUML leader Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait. The party is currently a member of the CPIM-led LDF in Kerala. INL leader Ahamed Devarkovil, MLA from Kozhikode South Constituency, serves as a minister in the Second Pinarayi Vijayan ministry.

PMA Salam was the first INL candidate to get elected to the Kerala Assembly (2006). INL was formally inducted into the LDF in the late 2010s.
Côney
The Côney (French pronunciation: [konɛ]) is a 55.3-kilometre (34.4 mi) long river in the Vosges and Haute-Saône départements, northeastern France. Its source is near Lion Faing, a lieu-dit in Dounoux. It flows generally southwest. It is a left tributary of the Saône into which it flows in Corre.

It shares its valley with the canal de l'Est on most of its course.

Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône (French: [ot soːn] ⓘ; Frainc-Comtou: Hâte-Saône; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 235,313 in 2019. Its prefecture is Vesoul; its sole subprefecture is Lure.
Cleveland Ironstone Formation
The Cleveland Ironstone Formation is a sequence of marine ironstone seams interbedded with shale and siltstone units which collectively form a part of the Lower Jurassic System of rocks underlying Cleveland in North Yorkshire. Exploitation of the ironstone seams became a major driving force behind the industrialisation of the Teesside district during the mid- to late-1800s.

Based on the stratigraphy of the formation, the Cleveland Ironstone was found to belong within the Upper Pliensbachian (Domerian) universal stage. Ironstone seams and accompanying shales may be highly fossiliferous with remains so abundant in parts as to form well-developed shell-beds. Analysis reveals a wealth of shallow-water marine species, some in life position, along with trace fossils including Rhizocorallium burrows well exposed at Old Nab, east of Staithes.

Pliensbachian
The Pliensbachian is an age of the geologic timescale and stage in the stratigraphic column. It is part of the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series and spans the time between 192.9 ±0.3 Ma and 184.2 ±0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Pliensbachian is preceded by the Sinemurian and followed by the Toarcian.

The Pliensbachian ended with the extinction event called the Toarcian turnover. During the Pliensbachian, the middle part of the Lias was deposited in Europe. The Pliensbachian is roughly coeval with the Charmouthian regional stage of North America.
Jean-Baptiste-François Pitra
Jean-Baptiste-François Pitra, OSB (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist fʁɑ̃swa pitʁa]; 1 August 1812 – 9 February 1889) was a French Catholic cardinal, archaeologist and theologian.

He was born in Champforgeuil. Joining the Benedictine Order, he entered the Abbey of Solesmes in 1842, and was collaborator of Abbe Migne in the latter's Patrologia latina and Patrologia Graeca. He was created cardinal in 1863, and was given the titular church of San Callisto in 1867, before being appointed librarian of the Vatican Library in 1869. He is especially noteworthy for his great archaeological discoveries, including the Inscription of Autun, and is the author of numerous works on archaeological, theological, and historical subjects.

Pitra died in Rome.

Patrologia Graeca
The Patrologia Graeca (PG, or Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca) is an edited collection of writings by the Church Fathers and various secular writers, in the Greek language. It consists of 161 volumes published in 1857–1866 by Jacques Paul Migne's Imprimerie Catholique, in Paris.
Oxton, Nottinghamshire
Oxton is a village in Nottinghamshire, England, with 568 residents at the 2011 census, falling marginally to 566 at the 2021 census. It is located 5 miles (8 km) west of Southwell, 5 miles (8 km) north of Lowdham, 10 miles (16 km) north-east of Nottingham and 2 miles (3 km) north-east of Calverton, and lies on the B6386, and is very close to the A6097 trunk road.

Oxton has a church dedicated to St Peter & St Paul; a post office and two pubs. Oxton also has two fords – a small ford within the village itself, and a much larger ford on Beanford Lane – often as deep as 1-foot (0.30 m) whilst remaining open to all traffic. It is however closed each March, so that the toads found in the swamp-like area, which the ford crosses, can breed.

Oxton is also home to Tithe Green Natural Burial, a natural burial ground located off Old Ruford Road/the A614

Ford (crossing)
A ford is a shallow section of a river or stream where it may be crossed by wading, on horseback, or inside a vehicle. A ford may occur naturally or be constructed. Fords may be impassable during high water. A low-water crossing is a low bridge that allows crossing over a river or stream when water is low but may be treated as a ford when the river is high and water covers the crossing.

The word ford is both a noun (describing the water crossing itself) and a verb (describing the act of crossing a ford).
Maximum Overload
Maximum Overload is the sixth studio album by British power metal band DragonForce, which was released in Europe on 18 August 2014, and in North America the next day. Trivium vocalist Matt Heafy contributed backing vocals on three songs, including the album's first single, "The Game". The album was produced by Jens Bogren, marking the first time the band decided not to record in their own studio and with an outside producer. The album was released in three versions: standard physical or digital CD, special edition physical or digital CD (with five bonus tracks and a bonus DVD), and vinyl.

It is also the last DragonForce album to feature drummer Dave Mackintosh, who announced his departure from the band on 3 June 2014, and was subsequently replaced by Gee Anzalone.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Kasumba
Kasumba is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dennis Kasumba (born 2003), Ugandan baseball player

Florence Kasumba (born 1976), Ugandan-born German actress and voice actress

Jane Kasumba, Ugandan media personality and journalist

Leslie 'Lee' Kasumba (born 1980), Ugandan radio and TV presenter

Samson Kasumba (born 1974), Ugandan pastor and TV personality

Leslie 'Lee' Kasumba
Leslie 'Lee' Kasumba (born September 2, 1980) Leslie "Lee" Kasumba is a Ugandan radio and TV presenter, media personality, writer, singer, and songwriter in Africa.

She has worked as the Head of Channel O Africa since 2011 and is one of the most influential and reputable media personalities in Africa.
Chillington Iron Company Tramway
The Chillington Iron Works opened in 1822. Foster, Rastrick and Company in Stourbridge played a role in equipping the works. An extensive 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge tramway connected the ironworks with the Birmingham canal at Chillington Wharf, but had disappeared by the turn of the century. Steam locomotives from John Smith Village Foundry at Coven, were purchased for use on the line.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Breaking the Balls of History
Breaking the Balls of History is the tenth studio album by American indie rock band Quasi, released on February 10, 2023, through Sub Pop. It was the band's first album in 10 years, following Mole City (2013), and was produced by John Goodmanson. The album received acclaim from critics.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Modern Artillery
Modern Artillery (stylized as MODERN ARTillery) is the third studio album by Australian punk rock band the Living End, released on 28 October 2003 internationally and on 2 March 2004 in the United States. It is the first album to feature drummer Andy Strachan, since Travis Demsey had left the band after their second album, Roll On.

The song "Who's Gonna Save Us?" was released as a single and appeared in commercials for the documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11. "End of the World" is featured on the soundtrack for the video game Tony Hawk's Underground 2.

ARIA publicised that the album had officially achieved platinum status in Australia in November 2007.

Travis Demsey
Travis Demsey is an Australian musician who served as the former drummer for The Living End from May 1996 to February 2002. He currently works as a youth worker and is the drummer for the Melbourne band Double Black and Striped Black.
Sodium ascorbate
Sodium ascorbate is one of a number of mineral salts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The molecular formula of this chemical compound is C6H7NaO6. As the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, it is known as a mineral ascorbate. It has not been demonstrated to be more bioavailable than any other form of vitamin C supplement.

Sodium ascorbate normally provides 131 mg of sodium per 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid (1,000 mg of sodium ascorbate contains 889 mg of ascorbic acid and 111 mg of sodium).

As a food additive, it has the E number E301 and is used as an antioxidant and an acidity regulator. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA, Australia, and New Zealand.

In in vitro studies, sodium ascorbate has been found to produce cytotoxic effects in various malignant cell lines, which include melanoma cells that are particularly susceptible.

Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity refers to the capacity of a substance or agent to cause damage or death to living cells, reflecting a critical parameter in pharmacology, toxicology, and biomedicine. It is distinct from cytostatic effects, which inhibit cell growth and proliferation without causing cell death. Cytotoxic agents can induce a range of cellular responses, including inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death, and disruption of metabolic or structural cellular integrity. Assessing cytotoxicity is fundamental for evaluating the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, chemicals, and biomaterials, as it helps predict potential adverse effects and guides therapeutic development.

Various assays—based on enzyme activity, membrane permeability, metabolic activity, or cell proliferation—are routinely employed to characterize and quantify cytotoxic effects in vitro, providing essential insights into cell viability and the mechanisms underlying toxic responses.
A Different Thread
A Different Thread is an English-American band from Lichfield, Staffordshire, England and Durham, North Carolina, United States. The core members – Alicia Best and Robert Jackson – first met by chance, while busking in Galway, Ireland, in 2016. They were performing on the same street and started singing together. Soon after, they began collaborating while touring throughout Europe and the United States.

They live a nomadic lifestyle, which is in part due to the transatlantic nature of the band. They are known for their DIY approach, minimalist ethos, modern vintage style, and nostalgic sound. Their songs deal with themes of love, loss, polyamory, wanderlust, authentic human connection, saudade, freedom, change, and social justice.

Saudade
Saudade (European Portuguese: [sɐwˈðaðɨ] ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: [sawˈdadʒi] ⓘ; Galician: [sawˈðaðɪ]; Northeast Brazil: [sawˈdadi]). (English: /saʊˈdɑːdə/; plural saudades) is a word in Portuguese and Galician denoting an emotional state of melancholic or profoundly nostalgic longing for a beloved yet absent someone or something. It derives from the Latin word for solitude. It is often associated with a repressed understanding that one might never encounter the object of longing ever again. It is a recollection of feelings, experiences, places, or events, often elusive, that cause a sense of separation from the exciting, pleasant, or joyous sensations they once caused. Duarte Nunes Leão defines saudade as, "Memory of something with a desire for it".
In Brazil, the day of saudade is officially celebrated on 30 January. It is not a widely acknowledged day in Portugal.
William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures
The William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures make up a National Historic Landmark District in Charleston, South Carolina, that contains structures of South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company and the home of the company's founder, William Aiken. These structures make up one of the largest collection of surviving pre-Civil War railroad depot facilities in the United States.  The district was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963.

Best Friend of Charleston
The Best Friend of Charleston was a steam-powered railroad locomotive widely considered the first locomotive to be built entirely within the United States for revenue service. It was also the first locomotive to suffer a boiler explosion in the United States.
Portloe Lifeboat Station
Portloe Lifeboat Station was located in the small village of Portloe, which sits on the Roseland Peninsula, approximately 10 miles (16 km) south east of Truro, overlooking Veryan Bay, on the south east coast of Cornwall.

A lifeboat was first placed at Portloe in 1870, by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).

After just 17 years of operation, Porthleven lifeboat station was closed in 1887.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Hans Skarphagen
Hans Skarphagen (8 September 1888 – 10 February 1971) was a Norwegian engineer and NS politician. He was a professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology. In 1944 he replaced Tormod Hustad as minister of labour in the NS government.

In the post-war legal purges he was convicted of treason and sentenced to 20 years of forced labour. He had formerly fielded in the 1933 Norwegian parliamentary election in Akershus but his party did not win a seat.

Nasjonal Samling
The Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian: [nɑʂʊˈnɑːɫ ˈsɑ̂mlɪŋ], NS; lit. 'National Gathering') was a Norwegian far-right political party active from 1933 to 1945. It was the only legal party of Norway from 1942 to 1945. It was founded by former Minister of Defence Vidkun Quisling and a group of supporters such as Johan Bernhard Hjort – who led the party's paramilitary wing (Hirden) for a short time before leaving the party in 1937 after various internal conflicts. The party celebrated its founding on 17 May, Norway's national holiday, but was founded on 13 May 1933. Nasjonal Samling was made illegal and disbanded at the end of World War II in Europe, on 8 May 1945.
North European Plain
The North European Plain (German: Norddeutsches Tiefland – North German Plain; Mitteleuropäische Tiefebene; Polish: Nizina Środkowoeuropejska – Central European Plain; Danish: Nordeuropæiske Lavland and Dutch: Noord-Europese Laagvlakte; French: Plaine d'Europe du Nord) is a geomorphological region in Europe that covers all or parts of Belgium, the Netherlands (i.e. the Low Countries), Germany, Denmark, and Poland.

It consists of the low plains between the Hercynian Europe (Central European Highlands) to the south and coastlines of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the north. These two seas are separated by the Jutland Peninsula (Denmark). The North European Plain is connected to the East European Plain, together forming the majority of the Great European Plain (European Plain).

Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek  γῆ (gê) 'earth'  μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and  λόγος (lógos) 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology, climatology, and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.
National Research Associates, Inc
In 1958 Melville W. Beardsley founded National Research Associates company. NRA developed and tested over 30 air cushion vehicles, with the Air Gem Air cushion vehicle produced as their first product.  NRA also sold Disney's Flying Saucers attraction under license. The Company went out of business in 1963.

National Research Associates, Inc  was a United States of America aircraft manufacturer...

NRA Developed Air Cushion Vehicles for the Army and Marines. In 1959 The Marine Corps signed a $40,000 contract for a 14x3 ft demonstration vehicle.  NRA's development facilities were located in College Park, Maryland and Laurel, Maryland. After moving on from NRA, Beardsley spent several years contesting who had the rights to the patent of the Hovercraft concept with Christopher Cockerell.

Laurel, Maryland
Laurel is a city in  Prince George's County, Maryland United States. It is located between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore on the banks of the Patuxent River. Its population was 30,060 at the 2020 census. Founded as a mill town in the early 19th century, Laurel expanded local industry and was later able to become an early commuter town for Washington and Baltimore workers following the arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1835.  Largely residential today, the city maintains a historic district centered on its Main Street.