hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galleywood Common
Galleywood Common is a 44.6 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Chelmsford in Essex, near the village of Galleywood. It is owned and managed by Chelmsford City Council.

Galleywood Common was recorded in the Domesday Book. Its diverse habitats include heathland, woodland, scrub, grassland, ponds and mire. It has a wide variety of fauna.

London Hill and Margaretting Road go through the common.

City of Chelmsford
The City of Chelmsford (/ˈtʃɛlmzfərd/) is a local government district with borough and city status in Essex, England. It is named after its main settlement, Chelmsford, which is also the county town of Essex. As well as the settlement of Chelmsford itself, the district also includes the surrounding rural area and the town of South Woodham Ferrers.

The neighbouring districts are Uttlesford, Braintree, Maldon, Rochford, Basildon, Brentwood and Epping Forest.
United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
The United Kingdom was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Storm", written by Nicole Blair, Gil Lewis, and Sean Hargreaves, and performed by SuRie. The British participating broadcaster, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), selected its entry in the contest via the national final Eurovision: You Decide. Six acts competed in the national final and the winner was selected through the combination of a public vote and the votes of an eight-member professional jury.

As a member of the "Big Five", the United Kingdom automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 9, the United Kingdom placed 24th out of the 26 participating countries with 48 points.

Rylan Clark
Ross Richard Clark (born 25 October 1988), known professionally as Rylan Clark or simply Rylan, is an English broadcaster and television personality. He came to prominence as a contestant on the ninth series of the talent show The X Factor in 2012, in which he finished in fifth place. The following year, he appeared on the eleventh series of the reality show Celebrity Big Brother, which he won.

Clark went on to present various television shows, including Big Brother's Bit on the Side (2013–2018), This Morning (2013–2019, 2022–present), The Xtra Factor (2016), Up Late with Rylan (2016), Supermarket Sweep (2019–2020), Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two (2019–2022), Ready Steady Cook (2020–2021) and You Are What You Wear (2020). Since 2018, he has served as a semi-final co-commentator of the Eurovision Song Contest and has presented various shows on BBC Radio 2.
David Van Dyke
David Allen Van Dyke (born January 14, 1959) is an American serial killer who bludgeoned, beat, and stabbed six people to death at their residences in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, between July 1979 and April 1980. He was arrested in May 1980 after an attempted burglary and subsequently connected to the murders through fingerprints. He was convicted of the murders in 1981 and received six terms of life imprisonment as well as an additional 40 years. He is now imprisoned at a maximum security penitentiary in Waupun.

Waupun, Wisconsin
Waupun is a city in Dodge and Fond du Lac counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 11,344 at the 2020 census. Of this, 7,795 were in Dodge County, and 3,549 were in Fond du Lac County. In Fond du Lac County, the Town of Waupun abuts the city of Waupun.
Maxime Livio
Maxime Livio (born 27 July 1987) is a French eventing rider. He competed at two World Equestrian Games (in 2014 and 2018).

At the 2014 World Equestrian Games held in Normandy, France, Livio initially ranked 4th in both individual and team events, but was later disqualified after his horse Qalao des Mers tested positive for hydroxyethylpromazine sulfoxide. This resulted in France losing their Olympic qualification berth for Rio 2016. Livio was subsequently issued with a six-month suspension and a SFr2,500 fine. Although media reports suggested an appeal was lodged, no official appeal details were announced.

At the 2018 World Equestrian Games held in Tryon, North Carolina, Livio won a team bronze medal and placed 11th individually riding Opium de Verrieres.

Maxime Livio has earned four CCI5*-L podiums, including a victory at the Étoiles de Pau in 2016.

2014 FEI World Equestrian Games
The 2014 Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games were held in the region of Normandy, France. It was the seventh edition of the Games, which are held every four years and run by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI). For team events in the dressage, eventing, and show jumping disciplines, these Games were the first qualifying event for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Miss Ukraine Universe 2016
The Miss Ukraine Universe 2016 took place on June 29, 2016 at the Fairmont Grand Hotel Kyiv, in a contest where fifteen contestants from different oblast competed for the crown.

The winner Alena Spodynyuk, from Sevastopol, was crowned by the outgoing title holder, Anna Vergelskaya (Miss Ukraine Universe 2015). Spodynyuk will represent Ukraine at Miss Universe 2016.

Miss Universe 2015
Miss Universe 2015 was the 64th Miss Universe pageant, held at The AXIS in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on December 20, 2015. This was the first edition of the pageant to be held under the ownership of WME/IMG, which purchased the Miss Universe Organization from Donald Trump on September 14, 2015. Consequently, it was also the first Miss Universe event to be aired by Fox and Azteca as the pageant's respective English and Spanish broadcasters instead of NBC.

At the conclusion of the event, Paulina Vega of Colombia crowned Pia Wurtzbach of the Philippines as Miss Universe 2015. It was the Philippines' third victory after 42 years in the pageant's history.

Contestants from eighty countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The competition featured Steve Harvey as host and Roselyn Sánchez as backstage host. Charlie Puth, The Band Perry, and Seal performed in this year's pageant.
Akim Galimov
Akim Alfadovych Galimov (Crimean Tatar: Akim Ğalimov, Ukrainian: Акім Альфадович Галімов; born 28 May 1985, Pogranichny, RSFSR) is a Ukrainian journalist, screenwriter, producer, author of documentary and historical projects.

Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai
Pogranichny (Russian: Пограни́чный) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Pogranichny District of Primorsky Krai, Russia, located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) east of the China–Russia border and 140 kilometers (87 mi) northwest of Vladivostok. Population:  10,280 (2010 census); 12,221 (2002 census); 11,333 (1989 Soviet census).
National Defense Commission (China)
The National Defense Commission of the People's Republic of China was the highest military advisory body of China from 1954 to 1975. The National Defense Commission was led by the state chairman, who was assisted by vice chairmen and several members. It existed concurrently with the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party.

Li Minghao
Li Minghao (Chinese: 李明灏; September 19, 1897 – August 25, 1980), courtesy name Zhongjian (Chinese: 仲坚), was a Chinese military officer and political figure. He was a lieutenant general in the National Revolutionary Army and later served in senior governmental positions of the People's Republic of China, including vice governor of Hubei Province and vice chairman of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a recipient of the First Class Order of Liberation in 1956.
San Sebastiano Madonna
The San Sebastiano Madonna is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian Renaissance master Correggio, dating to around 1524 and now in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden. It measures 265 by 161 cm.

It was commissioned by the confraternity of Saint Sebastian (San Sebastiano) in Modena, probably via sodalist Francesco Grillenzoni, who Vasari recorded as "a very close friend of Correggio" and owner of The Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine. Saint Roch's presence on the right suggests the commission was linked to a plague, probably that in Modena in 1523, leading to a painting date in 1524. Vasari briefly mentions it in its original site. In the 17th century Francesco I d'Este took it for his own gallery, where it was admired by Francesco Scannelli. Like most of the d'Este collection it was bought in August 1746 by Augustus III of Saxony, who took it to Dresden.

It became famous early on, as shown by copies in print by Carlo Bertelli and in paint by Federico Zuccari.

Federico Zuccari
Federico Zuccaro, also known as Federico Zuccari and Federigo Zucchero (c. 1540/1541 –  July/August 1609), was an Italian painter, draughtsman, architect and writer. He worked in various cities in Italy, as well as in other countries such as Spain, France, the Spanish Netherlands and England. He was an important representative of late Mannerism in Italian art.
Osaka Prefectural Kitano High School
Osaka Prefectural Kitano High School (大阪府立北野高等学校, Ōsaka Furitsu Kitano Kōtōgakkō) is a secondary school in Osaka, Japan founded in 1873.

It moved to its current location in Yodogawa Ward in 1931. The school is operated by the Osaka Prefectural Board of Education. It has been named a model school by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (文部科学省, Monbu-kagaku-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Letters and Science'; MEXT) is one of the eleven ministries of Japan that compose part of the executive branch of the government of Japan.
Violations of Japanese airspace
Violations of Japanese airspace have occurred on a number of occasions. There have been 39 cases from 1967 to 2017. The vast majority have involved Soviet aircraft during the Cold War, or Russian aircraft afterwards.

There have been several prominent cases of airspace violations.

Viktor Belenko MiG-25 defection (September 6, 1976)

Soviet Tu-16 violation of airspace over Okinawa (December 9, 1987)

In addition to actual violations there are many cases of foreign aircraft skirting Japanese airspace or entering Japan's Air Defense Identification Zone. In 2016 fighter squadrons of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) aircraft launched 851 times to intercept Chinese aircraft and 301 times in response to Russian aircraft.

Russian Air Force
The Russian Air Force (Russian: Военно-воздушные силы России, ВВС, romanized: Voenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii, VVS) is a branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces, which was formed on 1 August 2015, with the merging of the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the reborn Russian armed forces began to be created on 7 May 1992 following Boris Yeltsin's creation of the Ministry of Defence. However, the Russian Federation's air force can trace its lineage and traditions back to the Imperial Russian Air Service (1912–1917) and the Soviet Air Forces (1918–1991).
Molinos Department
Molinos is a department located in Salta Province, Argentina.

With an area of 3,600 km2 (1,390 sq mi) it borders Cachi Department to the north, San Carlos Department to the east, Catamarca Province to the west, and Los Andes Department to the northwest.

Catamarca Province
Catamarca (Spanish pronunciation: [kataˈmaɾka]) is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The province had a population of 429,556 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], and covers an area of 102,602 km2. Its literacy rate is 95.5%. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from the north): Salta, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and La Rioja. To the west it borders the country of Chile.

The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca. Other important cities include Andalgalá, Tinogasta, and Belén.
Klaus Ottmann
Klaus Ottmann (born 1954 in Nuremberg, West Germany) is a writer, art curator and publisher. He is currently deputy director for Academic Affairs and Special Projects at The Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C.

The Phillips Collection
The Phillips Collection is an art museum located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The museum was founded by art collectors Duncan Phillips and Marjorie Acker Phillips in 1921 as the Phillips Memorial Gallery. Phillips was the grandson of James H. Laughlin, a banker and co-founder of the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company.

Among the artists represented in the collection are Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Gustave Courbet, El Greco, Vincent van Gogh, Henri Matisse, Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Pierre Bonnard, Paul Klee, Arthur Dove, Winslow Homer, James McNeill Whistler, Jacob Lawrence, Augustus Vincent Tack, Georgia O'Keeffe, Karel Appel, Joan Miró, Mark Rothko and Berenice Abbott.
Cytochrome c family
Cytochromes c (cyt c, c-type cytochromes) cytochromes, or heme-containing proteins, that have heme C covalently attached to the peptide backbone via one or two thioether bonds. These bonds are in most cases part of a specific Cys-X-X-Cys-His (CXXCH) binding motif, where X denotes a miscellaneous amino acid. Two thioether bonds of cysteine residues bind to the vinyl sidechains of heme, and the histidine residue coordinates one axial binding site of the heme iron. Less common binding motifs can include a single thioether linkage, a lysine or a methionine instead of the axial histidine or a CXnCH binding motif with n>2. The second axial site of the iron can be coordinated by amino acids of the protein, substrate molecules or water. Cytochromes c possess a wide range of properties and function as electron transfer proteins or catalyse chemical reactions involving redox processes. A prominent member of this family is mitochondrial cytochrome c.

Electron transfer
Electron transfer (ET) occurs when an electron relocates from an atom, ion, or molecule, to another such chemical entity. ET describes the mechanism by which electrons are transferred in redox reactions.

Electrochemical processes are ET reactions. ET reactions are relevant to photosynthesis and respiration and commonly involve transition metal complexes. In organic chemistry ET is a step in some industrial polymerization reactions. It is foundational to photoredox catalysis.
Black Cat, White Cat
Black Cat, White Cat (Serbian: Црна мачка, бели мачор, romanized: Crna mačka, beli mačor) is a 1998 Serbian romantic black comedy crime film directed by Emir Kusturica. It won the Silver Lion for Best Direction at the Venice Film Festival.

The literal translation of the title is actually "Black queen cat, white tomcat". The movie characters speak in Romani, Serbian, and Bulgarian— frequently switching among them.

Silver Lion
The Silver Lion (Italian: Leone d'argento, also known as Silver Lion for Best Direction) is an annual award presented for best directing achievements in a feature film in the official competition section of the Venice Film Festival since 1998.

The prize has been awarded irregularly and has gone through several changes of purpose. Between 1953 and 1994, the award was given infrequently to a number of films as second prize for those nominated for the Golden Lion. At various times, the Silver Lion has also been awarded for debut films, short films, direction, and writing.

Since 1990, the Silver Lion has been presented to the director of a feature film in the official competition; Martin Scorsese was the first official winner of the award for Goodfellas, while Benny Safdie is the most recent winner for The Smashing Machine in 2025. Andrei Konchalovsky is the only person to receive the award twice.
Namme
Namme (Georgian: ნამე; Namme) is a 2017 Georgian art fantasy drama film directed by Zaza Khalvashi. It had an international premiere in the Tokyo International Film Festival. The film's cast  includes theatre actors from Khulo, and director Khalvashi's screenplay is based on national legends and stories. Namme is an international co-production between Georgia and Lithuania. It was selected as the Georgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.

Tokyo International Film Festival
The Tokyo International Film Festival (東京国際映画祭, Tōkyōkokusaieigasai; TIFF) is a film festival established in 1985. The event was held biennially from 1985 to 1991 and annually thereafter. According to the FIAPF, it is one of Asia's competitive film festivals and the second largest film festival in Asia behind the Shanghai International Film Festival, as well as the only Japanese festival accredited by the FIAPF.

The awards handed out during the festival have changed throughout its existence, but the Tokyo Grand Prix, handed to the best film, has stayed as the top award. Other awards that have been given regularly include the Special Jury Award and awards for best actor, best actress and best director.

In recent years, the festival's main events have been held over one week in late October, at the Roppongi Hills development.  Events include open-air screenings, voice-over screenings, and appearances by actors, as well as seminars and symposiums related to the film market.
Namirea johnlyonsi
Namirea johnlyonsi is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Euagridae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1993 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven. The specific epithet johnlyonsi honours John Lyons of the Museum of Tropical Queensland.

Robert Raven
Robert John Raven is an Australian arachnologist, being the Head of Terrestrial Biodiversity and the Senior Curator (Arachnida) at the Queensland Museum. Dr Raven has described over 450 species of spider in Australia and elsewhere, and is spider bite consultant to the Royal Brisbane Hospital, leading to much work on spider toxins.
Vadim Yefremovich
Vadim Arsenyevich Yefremovich (or Efremovich) (Russian: Вади́м Арсе́ньевич Ефре́мович; 16 October 1903 – 1 May 1989) was a Soviet mathematician.

Yefremovich was a member of the Moscow Topological School and specialized in the geometric aspects of general topology. He introduced the notion of proximity spaces at the First International Topological Conference in Moscow in 1935. He was imprisoned from 1937 to 1944, and did not publish on proximity spaces until 1951, at which point the theory was developed rapidly by Efremovič and associates.

Yefremovich also introduced the notion of "volume invariants" for "equimorphisms" (that is, uniformly bicontinuous) on metric spaces. These have proven to be very important in the study of manifolds and hyperbolic geometry.

First International Topological Conference
The first International Topological Conference was held in Moscow, 4–10 September, 1935. With presentations by topologists from 10 different countries it constituted the first genuinely international meeting devoted to topology in the world history of the mathematical community. Although a previous mathematical conference had been held in Kharkiv, and attended by Jacques Hadamard, this turned out to be the only truly international conference organised under the Stalin regime. Pavel Aleksandrov played a key role in organising the conference. The foreign delegates were accommodated in major hotels across Moscow, although according to André Weil, the principal form of sustenance was Caviar Canapes served in the conference hall, as no food was available in the hotel restaurants.
Captain America: The Winter Soldier (soundtrack)
Captain America: The Winter Soldier (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score for the Marvel Studios film, Captain America: The Winter Soldier by Henry Jackman, which was released by Hollywood Records on April 1, 2014.

Hollywood Records
Hollywood Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group which focuses on pop, rock, alternative, hip hop and country genres, also specializing in recordings for a more mature audience not suitable for the flagship Walt Disney Records label.

Founded in December 1989, its current roster includes Sofia Carson, Tini, Kevin Jonas, Area21, Queen, Little Image, Almost Monday, Joywave, Andy Grammer, Adrian Lyles, Freya Skye, and Kenzie. The label also releases soundtrack albums and digital releases from Marvel Studios, 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, ABC, National Geographic, Hulu, 20th Television, Freeform, FX Productions, and ESPN since their acquisitions by The Walt Disney Company.
Jan Stuifbergen
Jan Stuifbergen (19 June 1929 – 8 December 2021) was a Dutch politician.

A member of the Catholic People's Party and later the Christian Democratic Appeal, he served as mayor of Bovenkarspel from 1965 to 1979, mayor of Grootebroek from 1967 to 1979, mayor of Stede Broec from 1979 to 1980, and mayor of Heerhugowaard from 1980 to 1994. Stuifbergen died on 8 December 2021, at the age of 92.

Heerhugowaard
Heerhugowaard (Dutch: [ˌɦeːrɦyɣoːˈʋaːrt] ⓘ; West Frisian Dutch: Heerhugoweard, Heregeweard or De Weard) is a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West Friesland.

Heerhugowaard was previously a separate municipality, which merged with the former municipality of Langedijk into the new municipality of Dijk en Waard on 1 January 2022.
Nicky Catsburg
Nick Catsburg (born 15 February 1988 in Amersfoort) is a Dutch professional racing driver, currently competing in the IMSA SportsCar Championship with Corvette Racing by Pratt Miller Motorsports. He was also a factory driver for BMW from 2011 to 2022.

Having started off his career in single-seaters before moving to endurance racing, Catsburg is a two-time Nürburgring 24 Hours winner, with BMW in 2020 and with Ferrari in 2023. He has also won the Spa 24 Hours once overall, as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 24 Hours of Daytona in class, both with Corvette. He has also gathered success in touring car racing, winning two races in the WTCC and one in its successor, the WTCR.

2024 IMSA SportsCar Championship
The 2024 IMSA SportsCar Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2024 IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship) was a motor racing championship, which was the 54th racing season sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association and traces its lineage back to the 1971 IMSA GT Championship. It was also the eleventh season of the IMSA SportsCar Championship since the merger between the American Le Mans Series and the Rolex Sports Car Series in 2014, and the ninth under the sponsorship of WeatherTech. Following a change in class structure for the 2024 season, the IMSA SportsCar Championship saw a major expansion of its full-time grid across all of its classes.
1936 Monaco Grand Prix
43°44′4.74″N 7°25′16.8″E﻿ / ﻿43.7346500°N 7.421333°E﻿ / 43.7346500; 7.421333

The 1936 Monaco Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Circuit de Monaco on 13 April 1936. It was the eighth running of the Monaco Grand Prix.

Monegasque Louis Chiron qualified on pole position for the race, which was affected by heavy rain. A broken oil line on the Alfa Romeo of Mario Tadini on the opening lap led to multiple incidents in the chicane after the tunnel; the Mercedes-Benzes of Chiron, Luigi Fagioli, and Manfred von Brauchitsch, as well as Giuseppe Farina's Alfa Romeo and Bernd Rosemeyer's Typ C of newcomer Auto Union, were all eliminated there. Tazio Nuvolari in the Alfa Romeo 8C benefitted from the chaos, only to suffer brake fade, and Rudolf Caracciola, proving the truth of his nickname, Regenmeister (Rainmaster), went on to win for Mercedes. He was followed by Achille Varzi and Hans Stuck, both for Auto Union.

Manfred von Brauchitsch
Manfred Georg Rudolf von Brauchitsch (15 August 1905 – 5 February 2003) was a German auto racing driver who drove for Mercedes-Benz in the famous "Silver Arrows" of Grand Prix motor racing in the 1930s.