hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pheasant Hills (provincial electoral district)
Pheasant Hills was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, centred just north of the town of Grenfell. This district was one of 25 created before the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905.

Originally named "Grenfell", this constituency was renamed Pheasant Hills in 1908, after a range of hills north of the Qu'Appelle River valley near Grenfell, Saskatchewan. The district was abolished before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 into Saltcoats and Melville.

It is now part of the constituencies of Moosomin, Last Mountain-Touchwood, and Melville-Saltcoats.

Moosomin-Montmartre
Moosomin-Montmartre is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in southeastern Saskatchewan, this constituency was one of 25 created for the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905 under the name Moosomin.

Formerly represented by speaker Don Toth, it is arguably one of the most conservative ridings in the province, having been in the hands of a centre-right party without interruption since 1975. It has never elected a member of the CCF or NDP, though the NDP came within 51 votes of winning it during its 1991 landslide.

The largest centre in the constituency is the town of Moosomin. Other towns in the district include Grenfell, Kipling, Montmartre, Broadview, Whitewood, Rocanville and Wolseley.

The riding was renamed Moosomin-Montmartre for the 2024 general election.
Brown FK
Brown FK, also called Kipper Brown, Chocolate Brown FK, and C.I. Food Brown 1, is a brown mixture of six synthetic azo dyes, with addition of sodium chloride, and/or sodium sulfate. It is very soluble in water. When used as a food dye, its E number is E154.

It was once used in smoked and cured mackerels and other fish and also in some cooked hams and other meats. It gave a "healthy" color that did not fade during cooking, nor leach.

It is currently not approved for use in the European Union (but was allowed to color kippers to produce orange kippers), in Australia, Austria, Canada, United States, Japan, Switzerland, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia.

In 2011, a review by the European Food Safety Authority concluded that Brown FK was no longer used and the Authority could not conclude on the safety of the substance due to the deficiencies in the available toxicity data. Therefore, it should not be included in the Union list of approved food additives.

European Food Safety Authority
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain. EFSA was established in February 2002 in Parma, Italy. It had a yearly budget of €118.6 million, and a total staff of 542 as of 2021.

The work of EFSA covers all matters with a direct or indirect impact on food and feed safety, including animal health and welfare, plant protection and plant health and nutrition. EFSA supports the European Commission, the European Parliament and EU member states in taking effective and timely risk management decisions that ensure the protection of the health of European consumers and the safety of the food and feed chain. EFSA also communicates to the public in an open and transparent way on all matters within its remit.
Nasty, Hertfordshire
Nasty is a hamlet in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is in Great Munden civil parish, around 6 miles (10 km) north of Ware and around 7.5 miles (12 km) east of Stevenage. At the 2011 census the population was included in the civil parish of Albury.

Its name comes from the Anglo-Saxon æt þǽm éastan hæge, meaning "at the eastern hedged enclosure" or similar.

Stevenage
Stevenage (/ˈstiːvənɪdʒ/ STEE-vən-ij) is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, about 28 miles (45 km) north of London. Stevenage is east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), between Letchworth Garden City to the north and Welwyn Garden City to the south. In 1946, Stevenage was designated the United Kingdom's first New Town under the New Towns Act. In 2021 it had a population of 94,456.
Sunye Lake
Sunye Lake (Burmese: စွန်ရဲကန်; also spelt Sont Ye Lake), also known as Sunye In (Burmese: စွန်ရဲအင်း), is a Myanmar freshwater natural lake located near Kyaukse and Sintgaing, the large inland body of standing water measures approximately 4 square miles (10 km2) and is known as "little Inle".

The Shan Yoma Mountain Ranges sited at the east of the Lake. Sunye Lake is a tourist destination and famous for its blossoming lotus flowers in the rainy season and migratory birds in the winter. The lake is designated as protected wetlands for conservation and to regulate development. Sunye Lake is also a major source of lotus stems used in the production of lotus silk. Three major varieties of lotus are grown on the lake, namely padonma kya, blue lotus (ကြာပုတီး, lit. 'lotus bead'), and red lotus.

Sunye Lake has existed for generations and has a great history repair and maintenance by ancient kings.

Shan Hills
The Shan Hills (Burmese: ရှမ်းရိုးမ; Shan Yoma), also known as Shan Highland, is a vast mountainous zone that extends through Yunnan to Myanmar and Thailand. The whole region is made up of numerous peaks separated mostly by narrow valleys, as well as a few broader intermontane basins. The ranges in the area are aligned in such a way that they link to the foothills of the Himalayas further to the northwest.

The highest point is Loi Leng, at an elevation of 2,673 metres (8,770 ft). Other peaks are the 2,565 m (8,415 ft) Mong Ling Shan, 2,565 m (8,415 ft) Doi Inthanon and 2,563 m (8,409 ft) m Loi Pangnao. All are ultra prominent peaks of Southeast Asia.
2023 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles
Elina Svitolina defeated Anna Blinkova in the final, 6–2, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Internationaux de Strasbourg. It was her 17th WTA Tour singles title and her second Strasbourg title. Ranked world No. 508, Svitolina won her first title since returning from a 14-month maternity leave hiatus, and became the fourth-lowest ranked title winner in WTA history. She is the fifth wildcard in tournament history to win the title, joining defending champion Angelique Kerber, Samantha Stosur, Maria Sharapova, and Steffi Graf.

Kerber was the defending champion, but was on maternity leave after having her first child in February 2023 and did not return to compete.

Bai Zhuoxuan
Bai Zhuoxuan (Chinese: 白卓璇; born 16 November 2002) is a Chinese professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 83 achieved on 4 March 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 789 reached on 3 October 2022.
Eddie Kirkland
Eddie Kirkland (August 16, 1923 – February 27, 2011) was an American electric blues guitarist, harmonicist, singer, and songwriter.

Kirkland, known as the "Gypsy of the Blues" for his rigorous touring schedules, played and toured with John Lee Hooker from 1949 to 1962. After his period of working in tandem with Hooker he pursued a successful solo career, recording for RPM Records, Fortune Records, Volt Records, and King Records, sometimes under the stage name Eddie Kirk. Kirkland continued to tour, write and record albums until his death in February 2011. His last performance, the night before his death, was at Dunedin Brewery, Florida.

RPM Records (United States)
RPM Records was an American Los Angeles–based record label launched in 1950. This is not the same RPM used by Tony Bennett, nor is it related to labels in the UK and South Africa.

RPM was a subsidiary of Modern Records and part of the Bihari Brothers record empire.

Ike Turner, who was a talent scout for the Bihari Brothers, arranged for many blues musicians such as Howlin' Wolf, B.B. King, and Roscoe Gordon to record for the Biharis. King released many successful singles on the RPM label. Paul Anka released his first single on RPM in 1956.

In 1957, the Bihari Brothers announced that they were halting all album releases on both Modern and RPM, and that their released and scheduled albums for Modern and RPM would be issued on their Crown Records label.

The catalogs and master tapes were sold to Ace Records (UK) in the 1990s.
Walter R. Houghton
Walter Raleigh Houghton (3 October 1845 – 24 January 1929) was an American historian of politics, religion, and other subjects.

One of Houghton's books, Conspectus of the History of Political Parties and the Federal Government, includes an early example of an infographic, charting the changes in American political parties, their popularity, and power.

Infographic
Infographics (a clipped compound of "information" and "graphics") are graphic visual representations of information, data, or knowledge intended to present information quickly and clearly.  They can improve cognition by using graphics to enhance the human visual system's ability to see patterns and trends.  Similar pursuits are information visualization, data visualization, statistical graphics, information design, or information architecture. Infographics have evolved in recent years to be for mass communication, and thus are designed with fewer assumptions about the readers' knowledge base than other types of visualizations. Isotypes are an early example of infographics conveying information quickly and easily to the masses.
Second cabinet of Nokrashy Pasha
The second cabinet formed by Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha lasted between December 1946 and December 1948. It succeeded the cabinet led by Ismail Sidky who resigned from the premiership on 8 December 1946. Next day King Farouk asked Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha, head of the Saadist Institutional Party, to form the cabinet which was announced on 10 December. The cabinet was a coalition government comprising members of the Saadist Institutional Party and the Liberal Constitutional Party and was confirmed by the Parliament on 16 December with 150 confidence against 21 objection votes.

One of the significant tasks carried out by the government was the continuation of the negotiations with the British authorities to finalize the independence of Sudan as proposed by the British. As his predecessor, Ismail Sidky, Nokrashy Pasha could not settle the issue. On 28 December 1948 Prime Minister Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha was assassinated, and Ibrahim Abdel Hady Pasha was appointed prime minister.

Prime Minister of Egypt
The prime minister of Egypt (Arabic: رئيس مجلس الوزراء, romanized: raʾīs majlis al-wuzarāʾ), sometimes referred to as "President of the Government" and Minister-President of Egypt, is the head of the Egyptian government. A direct translation of the Egyptian Arabic-language title is "President of the Council of Ministers".

The prime minister is the holder of the second-highest office in Egypt, after the president of Egypt. The president appoints the prime minister but cannot dismiss them, only request their resignation. The Government of Egypt, including the prime minister, can be dismissed by the House of Representatives. Upon appointment, the prime minister proposes a list of ministers to the president. Decrees and decisions signed by the prime minister, like almost all executive decisions, are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system. Ministers defend the programmes of their ministries to the prime minister, who makes budgetary choices.
Student of the Game
Student of the Game is the sixth studio album by American rapper N.O.R.E.. The album was released on April 16, 2013, by Thugged Out Militainment and eOne Music. The album features guest appearances from French Montana, 2 Chainz, Lil Wayne, Pusha T, Pharrell, Pete Rock, Havoc, Jeremih, Mick Jones, Large Professor, Swizz Beatz, Raekwon, Tech N9ne,  Busta Rhymes and Scarface among others.

Scarface (rapper)
Brad Terrence Jordan (born November 9, 1970), better known by his stage name Scarface, is an American rapper and record producer, notable for his solo career and as a member of the Geto Boys, a hip-hop group from Houston, Texas. Raised in the city's South Acres (Crestmont Park) neighborhood, he has been ranked by The Source as one of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time, while About.com ranked him in the top ten of its "50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987–2007)" list.
Types of swords
This is a list of types of swords. The term sword used here is a narrow definition. This is not a general List of premodern combat weapons and does not include the machete, macuahuitl or similar "sword-like" weapons.

Migration Period sword
The Migration Period sword was a type of sword popular during the Migration Period and the Merovingian period of European history (c. 4th to 7th centuries AD), particularly among the Germanic peoples. It later gave rise to the Carolingian or Viking sword type of the 8th to 11th centuries AD.

The blade was normally smooth or showed a very shallow fuller, and often had multiple bands of pattern-welding within the central portion. The handles were often of perishable material and there are few surviving examples. Blade length measured between 28–32 in (710–810 mm) in length and 1.7–2.4 in (43–61 mm) in width. The tang has a length of 4–5 in (100–130 mm) long. The blades show very little taper, usually ending in a rounded tip.

Surviving examples of these Merovingian-period swords have notably been found in the context of the Scandinavian Germanic Iron Age (Vendel period).
Tom Stanton (author)
Tom Stanton (born December 17, 1960, in Warren, Michigan) is the author of several nonfiction books, including two memoirs. In 1983, Stanton, a journalist, co-founded The Voice Newspapers in suburban Detroit and served as editor for sixteen years before embarking on a literary career in 1999. A former Knight-Wallace Fellow at the University of Michigan, Stanton teaches journalism at the University of Detroit Mercy. In 2008, Stanton won the Michigan Author Award.

University of Detroit Mercy
The University of Detroit Mercy is a private Catholic university in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is sponsored by both the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and the Sisters of Mercy. The university was founded in 1877 and is the largest Catholic university in Michigan. It has four campuses where it offers more than 100 academic degree programs. In athletics, the university sponsors 17 NCAA Division I sports for men and women. It is a member of the Horizon League.
D. R. Fraser Taylor
David Ruxton Fraser Taylor, OC FRSC (1937 – March 22, 2025) was a Scottish-born Canadian cartographer, geographer, and academic, who was Chancellor's Distinguished Research Professor of International Affairs Geography and Environmental Studies at Carleton University, Canada and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Taylor studied applications of cartography to development, including international development. He was best known for his work on Cybercartography. Taylor died on March 22, 2025.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Harry McCann
Harrison King McCann (November 4, 1880 – December 20, 1962), was the founder of the H. K. McCann Company. H. K. McCann Company was an advertising agency that, as McCann Erickson, grew to become the world's largest with a global network of offices in more than 130 countries, providing advertising campaigns for brands including Standard Oil (Esso, Exxon), Vaseline, Beech-Nut, Del Monte, Nabisco, Coca-Cola, General Motors, Martini, Gillette, L’Oréal, Bacardi, Nestlé, R.J. Reynolds, and MasterCard.

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) is an American tobacco manufacturing company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Founded by namesake R. J. Reynolds in 1875, it is the largest tobacco company in the United States. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

RJR has a large brand portfolio, which includes Camel, Newport, Doral, Eclipse, Kent, and Pall Mall. Other brands commercialized in the past included Barclay, Belair, and Real.
Aurach bei Kitzbühel
Aurach bei Kitzbühel (Bavarian: Aurach bei Kitzbichi) is a municipality in Kitzbühel District in the Kitzbühel Alps in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

Aurach is located 5 km south of district town of Kitzbühel on the river known as the Kitzbühler Ache and the road to Thurn Pass. The municipality is further divided into Unteraurach, Oberaurach and several scattered settlements and hamlets including Haberberg, Haselwand, Kochau, Sonnberg and Wiesenegg-Grüntal. It was mentioned for the first time in documents in 1289 s Orwiorwe. Formerly a part of Kitzbühel district, Aurach became an independent municipality in 1833. It has 1171 inhabitants (as at 1 Jan 2010).

Of historical significance is the former mine in the area of the Kelchalm.

Aurach has a wildlife park, situated at a height of 1,100 metres, which is home to typical Alpine animals such as red deer, ibex, mouflon, wild boar and lynx, as well as animals from other mountainous regions, including fallow deer, sika deer, llama and yak.

Safari park
A safari park, sometimes known as a wildlife park, is a zoo-like commercial drive-in tourist attraction where visitors can drive their own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals.

A safari park is larger than a zoo and smaller than a game reserve. For example, African Lion Safari in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada is 750 acres (3.0 km2). For comparison, Lake Nakuru in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, is 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), and a typical large game reserve is Tsavo East, also in Kenya, which encompasses 11,747 square kilometres (4,536 sq mi).

Many parks have conservation programmes with endangered animals like: elephants, white rhinos, giraffes, lions, tigers, cheetahs and wild dogs.
Jim Silke
Jim Silke (May 19, 1931 – February 16, 2025) was an American graphic designer, screenwriter and comic book artist. He wrote the scripts for the 1983 film Sahara and the 1985 film King Solomon's Mines. In 1994, he created the comic book limited series Rascals in Paradise.

Over the course of his career, Silke was nominated for four Grammy Awards for best album design. He won in 1962 for his cover for Judy at Carnegie Hall. Silke died on February 16, 2025, at the age of 93.

Sahara (1983 film)
Sahara is a 1983 adventure drama film directed by Andrew McLaglen and starring Brooke Shields, Lambert Wilson, Horst Buchholz, John Rhys-Davies and John Mills. The original music score was composed by Ennio Morricone.
B. B. Chakrabarti
Binay Bhushan Chakrabarti, commonly known as B. B. Chakrabarti, is an Indian academic and professor of management and finance. He was the Director of Indian Institute of Management Ranchi (IIM Ranchi). His successor, Prof Shailendra Singh, was also an alumnus of IIM Lucknow.

Chakrabarti is a graduate of Jadavpur University and Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIM Calcutta). He is an Associate Member of the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI). He has taught finance at IIM Calcutta. He became the Director of IIM Ranchi in September 2013. He is a visiting faculty in the area of finance at IIM Calcutta, IIM Ranchi and IIM Sirmaur.

Institute of Cost Accountants of India
The Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICMAI), which was previously known as the Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India (ICWAI), is a professional accountancy body under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. It has as its prime responsibility, as assigned by the Ministry, to promote and develop the cost and management accounting profession at the global level.
In God We Trust (Stryper album)
In God We Trust is the fourth studio album by Christian metal band Stryper, released in 1988. The album achieved Gold record status, selling over half a million copies. Three singles were released including "Always There For You" and "I Believe in You" which both hit the Billboard Hot 100 chart peaking at No. 71 and No. 88 respectively - the second song, however, became a hit in Brazil, as part of soundtrack of the novela O Salvador da Pátria. The third single "Keep The Fire Burning" did not chart. The album received two GMA Dove Awards for "Hard Music Album" and "Hard Rock Song" for the title track.

GMA Dove Award
A Dove Award is an accolade by the Gospel Music Association (GMA) of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the Christian music industry. The awards ceremonies presented annually and have been held in Nashville, Tennessee except in 2011 and 2012 when they were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The ceremonies feature live musical performances and are broadcast on TBN.

The awards were established in 1969 and represent a variety of musical styles including rock, pop, hip hop, country, and urban.
Inverse-square law
In physical science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity (being nothing more than the value of the physical quantity)  is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity. The fundamental cause for this can be understood as geometric dilution corresponding to point-source radiation into three-dimensional space.

Radar energy expands during both the signal transmission and the reflected return, so the inverse square for both paths means that the radar will receive energy according to the inverse fourth power of the range.

To prevent dilution of energy while propagating a signal, certain methods can be used such as a waveguide, which acts like a canal does for water, or how a gun barrel restricts hot gas expansion to one dimension in order to prevent loss of energy transfer to a bullet.

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
USS Aylwin
Four ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Aylwin for John Cushing Aylwin.

USS Aylwin (1813), was launched in 1813, fought in the Battle of Lake Champlain and sold in 1815.

USS Aylwin (DD-47), was the lead ship of her class of destroyers, commissioned in 1914, served in World War I and decommissioned in 1922.

USS Aylwin (DD-355), was a Farragut-class destroyer, commissioned in 1935, served in World War II and decommissioned in 1945.

USS Aylwin (FF-1081), was a Knox-class frigate, commissioned in 1971 and decommissioned in 1992.

USS Aylwin (FF-1081)
USS Aylwin (FF-1081) was a United States Navy Knox-class frigate. She was the fourth vessel named for John Cushing Aylwin. Aylwin was laid down on 13 November 1969 at Westwego, La., by the Avondale Shipyard, Inc.; launched on 29 August 1970; sponsored by Mrs. Charles K. Duncan; and commissioned on 18 September 1971 at the Boston Naval Shipyard.