hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Instructions of Amenemhat
Instructions of Amenemhat (aka "Teaching of King Amenemhat to His Son Senusret") is a short ancient Egyptian poem of the sebayt genre written during the early Middle Kingdom. The poem takes the form of an intensely dramatic monologue delivered by the ghost of the murdered 12th Dynasty pharaoh Amenemhat I to his son Senusret I. It describes the conspiracy that killed Amenemhat, and enjoins his son to trust no-one. The poem forms a kind of apologia of the deeds of the old king's reign. It ends with an exhortation to Senusret to ascend the throne and rule wisely in Amenemhat's stead.

Monologue
In theatre, a monologue (also spelled monolog in American English) (in Greek: μονόλογος, from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films, etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry. Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and asides. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.
Leonowens
Leonowens is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Leonowens (1834–1915), Indian-British travel writer, educator, and social activist

Louis T. Leonowens (1856–1919), Siamese cavalry officer and trader, son of Anna

Anna Leonowens
Anna Harriette Leonowens (born Ann Hariett Emma Edwards; 5 November 1831 – 19 January 1915) was an Anglo-Indian or Indian-born British travel writer, educator, and social activist.

She became well known with the publication of her memoirs, beginning with The English Governess at the Siamese Court (1870), which chronicled her experiences in Siam (modern Thailand), as teacher to the children of the Siamese King Mongkut. Leonowens's own account was fictionalised in Margaret Landon's best-selling novel Anna and the King of Siam (1944) as well as adaptations for other media such as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 1951 musical The King and I as well as the 1999 movie, Anna and the king.

During the course of her life, Leonowens also lived in Western Australia, Singapore and Penang, the United States, Canada and Germany. In later life, she was a lecturer of Indology and a suffragist. Among other achievements, she co-founded the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design.
ISO 3166-2:GR
ISO 3166-2:GR is the entry for Greece in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Greece, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for two categories of subdivisions:

13 administrative regions

one self-governed part

The departments (also called prefectures) were abolished in 2011, and were replaced approximately by regional units. The regional units were deleted from the entry in 2016.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is GR, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Greece. The second part is either of the following:

one letter (A–M): administrative regions

two digits: self-governed part

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Jacob Nicolai Wilse
Jacob Nicolai Wilse (January 24, 1736 – May 23, 1801) was a parish priest in Spydeberg and Eidsberg, Norway. He was born in Lemvig, Denmark and is known for writing topographic works with extensive descriptions of travel in Norway in the 1790s. Wilse is considered Østfold county's first significant cultural researcher and one of the fathers of Norwegian village history. His friend Hans Strøm also wrote topographical works for Sunnmøre and Eiker. Like Strøm, Wilse authored one of the first descriptions of the relationship between nature and human activity. He was also an Enlightenment-era philosopher, a so-called "potato priest" (Norwegian: potetprest). Wilse was an early supporter of Norway having its own university, and he also envisioned a women's university.

Eidsberg Church
Eidsberg Church (Norwegian: Eidsberg kirke or Østfold-domen) is a parish church located at Eidsberg in Østfold county, Norway.
The Church is located down to the river Glomma by the side of the County Road 124. Eidsberg Church is associated with the Østre Borgesyssel deanery of the Diocese of Borg.
Pine Creek Gorge
Pine Creek Gorge, sometimes called The Grand Canyon of Pennsylvania, is a 47-mile (76 km) gorge carved into the Allegheny Plateau by Pine Creek in north-central Pennsylvania.

It sits in about 160,000 acres (650 km2) of the Tioga State Forest. The gorge begins south of Ansonia, near Wellsboro, along U.S. Route 6 and continues south. Its deepest point is 1,450 feet (440 m) at Waterville, near the southern end. At Leonard Harrison and Colton Point State Parks, it is more than 800 feet (240 m) deep and the distance rim-to-rim is about  4,000 feet (1,200 m).

Ansonia, Pennsylvania
Ansonia is an unincorporated community in Shippen Township, Tioga County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It lies along U.S. Route 6, near its junction with Pennsylvania Route 362, between Galeton and Wellsboro.

Ansonia is at the confluence of Marsh Creek and Pine Creek.  The Pine Creek Rail Trail passes through Ansonia, where there is an access area.
Chronology of discoveries of water on Mars
To date, interplanetary spacecraft have provided abundant evidence of water on Mars, dating back to the Mariner 9 mission, which arrived at Mars in 1971. This article provides a mission by mission breakdown of the discoveries they have made. For a more comprehensive description of evidence for water on Mars today, and the history of water on that planet, see Water on Mars.

HiWish program
HiWish is a program created by NASA to request a location for the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to photograph. It was started in January 2010. In the first months of the program, 3000 people signed up to use HiWish.  The first images were released in April 2010. Over 12000 suggestions were made by the public; suggestions were made for targets in each of the 30 quadrangles of Mars. HiRISE has taken 4,224 images as of March 2016.
Aetosaurinae
Aetosaurinae is one of the two main clades of aetosaurs, the other being Desmatosuchia. It is a stem-based taxon defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to Aetosaurus than Desmatosuchus. Aetosaurinae currently comprises Aetosaurus, similar forms such as Coahomasuchus and Stenomyti, and the widespread and successful aetosaur clade Typothoracinae.

Phylogenetic nomenclature
Phylogenetic nomenclature (sometimes called cladistic nomenclature) is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names. Phylogenetic nomenclature assigns names to clades, groups consisting solely of an ancestor and all its descendants. This contrasts with the traditional method, by which taxon names are defined by a type, which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is regulated currently by the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode).
Gmina Ciechocin
Gmina Ciechocin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Ciechocin, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Golub-Dobrzyń and 21 km (13 mi) east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 101.49 square kilometres (39.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,000.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Harpesaurus tricinctus
Harpesaurus tricinctus, the Java nose-horned lizard, is a species of agamid lizard. It is endemic to Indonesia.

A single desiccated specimen of the species is known, collected some years before the species' description in 1851. Since then, the species has not been sighted again, and as such is possibly extinct. Although the sole specimen was recorded as being collected in Java, this could not be confirmed as no date or collector name is associated with the specimen. As such, its collection from any of the other Sunda Islands could not be ruled out.

The holotype, i.e., the sole known specimen is around 25 cm long, and allegedly a male. Like other in the genus Harpesaurus, it sported a long horn like scale on the tip of its snout.

Agamidae
Agamidae is a family containing 582 species in 64 genera of iguanian lizards indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few locations in Southern Europe. Many species are commonly called dragons or dragon lizards.
HMS Minerve
Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Minerve, a French form of Minerva, a goddess in Roman mythology:

HMS Minerve was a 38-gun fifth rate captured from the French in 1795. She was recaptured by them in 1803 and renamed Canonniere, but was recaptured by the British in 1810 and renamed HMS Confiance. She was on the navy lists until 1814.

HMS Minerve (1803) was a prison hulk, formerly a French sloop. She was captured in 1803 and broken up in 1811.

Minerve was a Minerve-class submarine of the French Navy seized by the British in 1940. She was operated by Free French crew until being wrecked in 1945.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Camborne Roskear (electoral division)
Camborne Roskear (Cornish: Kammbronn Resker) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Camborne Roskear and Tuckingmill.

2021 Cornwall Council election
The 2021 Cornwall Council election took place on 6 May 2021 as part of the 2021 United Kingdom local elections. It was contested under new division boundaries as the number of seats on the council falls from 123 to 87. The election was won by the Conservative Party, who took an overall majority of seats.
Pteleum (Elis)
Pteleum or Pteleon (Ancient Greek: Πτελεόν) was a town of Triphylia, in ancient Elis. Homer writes that it belonged to Nestor in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. It is said by Strabo to have been a colony from the Thessalian Pteleum. This town had disappeared in Strabo's time (first century CE); but its uninhabited woody site was still called Pteleasimum or Pteleasion.

Its site has not been located.

Catalogue of Ships
The Catalogue of Ships (Ancient Greek: νεῶν κατάλογος, neōn katálogos) is an epic catalogue in Book 2 of Homer's Iliad (2.494–759), which lists the contingents of the Achaean army that sailed to Troy. The catalogue gives the names of the leaders of each contingent, lists the settlements in the kingdom represented by the contingent, sometimes with a descriptive epithet that fills out a half-verse or articulates the flow of names and parentage and place, and gives the number of ships required to transport the men to Troy, offering further differentiations of weightiness. A similar, though shorter, Catalogue of the Trojans and their allies follows (2.816–877). A similar catalogue appears in the Pseudo-Apollodoran Bibliotheca.
HCE (car)
The HCE was a British four-wheeled cyclecar manufactured in 1912 and 1913. It was originally made by H.C.E. Cars of London SW, and later by the Easycar Company at a 30-acre (120,000 m2) site with test track in Harold Wood, then in Essex.

The car used a single cylinder Buckingham engine with a tax rating of 6/8 hp driving by chain to a two speed gearbox and then by belt to the rear wheels.

A range of body styles were advertised, including four-seaters. In 1913, four-wheel brakes were fitted, which was unusual for the time.

Single-cylinder engine
A single-cylinder engine, sometimes called a thumper, is a piston engine with one cylinder. This engine is often used for motorcycles, motor scooters, motorized bicycles, go-karts, all-terrain vehicles, radio-controlled vehicles, power tools and garden machinery (such as chainsaws, lawn mowers, cultivators, and string trimmers). Single-cylinder engines are made both as 4-strokes and 2-strokes.
Gävlebro
Gävlebro is a rest area with a restaurant, located near the E4 motorway outside Gävle in Sweden. Inaugurated on 15 December 1987, the facility is built as a covered bridge restaurant. The structure is notable for being the only visible landmark the city of Gävle has on the E4 motorway, one of the most heavily congested roads, connecting Norrland with southern Sweden.

Rest area
A rest area is a public facility located next to a large thoroughfare such as a motorway, expressway, or highway, at which drivers and passengers can rest, eat, or refuel without exiting onto secondary roads.  Other names include motorway service area (UK), services (UK),  travel plaza, rest stop, service area, rest and service area (RSA), resto,  service plaza, lay-by, and service centre. Facilities may include park-like areas, fuel stations, public toilets, water fountains, restaurants, and dump and fill stations for caravans and motorhomes.

A rest area with limited to no public facilities is a lay-by,  scenic area, or scenic overlook.  Along some highways and roads are services known as wayside parks, roadside parks, or picnic areas.
Senén
Senén is a Spanish male given name. Notable people referred to by this name include the following:

Senén Mosquera (1938–2018), Colombian footballer

Senén Casas Regueiro (1934–1996), Cuban politician

Senén Villaverde (1896–1950), Spanish footballer

Senen Reyes (born 1965), Cuban-American rapper

Senén Mosquera
Senén Mosquera (25 January 1938 – 20 May 2018) was a Colombian footballer. He played in four matches for the Colombia national football team from 1963 to 1973. He was also part of Colombia's squad for the 1963 South American Championship.
Franco Vaccarino
Franco J. Vaccarino is a Canadian neuroscientist who served as the eighth president of the University of Guelph.

Vaccarino started his career in 1984 at the University of Toronto, where he served as principal of its Scarborough campus and vice-president under presidents David Naylor and Meric Gertler from 2007 to 2014. In August 2014, he was elected to succeed Alastair Summerlee as the president of the University of Guelph. He retired from this position at the end of July, 2020.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Doctors series 10
The tenth series of the British medical soap opera Doctors originally aired between 31 March 2008 and 28 March 2009. It consisted of 223 episodes. Set in the fictional West Midlands town of Letherbridge, the soap follows the lives of the staff and patients of the Mill Health Centre, a fictional NHS doctor's surgery. The tenth series saw various cast changes, with numerous castings and departures spread throughout the episodes.

Izzie Torres
Izzie Torres is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera Doctors. Izzie has been played by four actresses since her onscreen arrival; Jasmin and Nicole Parkinson between 2008 and 2011, Maizey Corbett in 2012, and Bethan Moore from 2018 to 2022. Her storylines in the programme have included being left in the Mill Health Centre as a baby, being kidnapped, her feud with Zara Carmichael (Elisabeth Dermot Walsh), becoming an environmental activist, coming out as pansexual and being the victim of online trolling. When Moore was cast in the role, her age meant that Izzie could be given more mature storylines and she later received a nomination for the British Soap Award for Best Newcomer in 2019.
Light curve
In astronomy, a light curve is a graph of the light intensity of a celestial object or region as a function of time, typically with the magnitude of light received on the y-axis and with time on the x-axis. The light is usually in a particular frequency interval or band.

Light curves can be periodic, as in the case of eclipsing binaries, Cepheid variables, other periodic variables, and transiting extrasolar planets; or aperiodic, like the light curve of a nova, cataclysmic variable star, supernova, microlensing event, or binary as observed during occultation events. The study of a light curve and other observations can yield considerable information about the physical process that produces such a light curve, or constrain the physical theories about it.

Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.
William Broaddus
William Gray Broaddus (born 1942), is an American politician and lawyer who served as attorney general of Virginia from 1985 to 1986. Having been Deputy Attorney General under Gerald Baliles, Broaddus became Attorney General on July 1, 1985, when Baliles resigned to campaign for the office of Governor of Virginia. Broaddus previously served as County Attorney of Henrico County, Virginia.

Governor of Virginia
The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor is head of the executive branch of the government of Virginia and is the commander-in-chief of the Virginia National Guard and Virginia Defense Force.

Three signatories of the Declaration of Independence served as governor of Virginia and three governors became president of the United States: Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler.

The current officeholder is Abigail Spanberger, a member of the Democratic Party who took office on January 17, 2026. She is Virginia's first female governor.
John Hughes (businessman)
John James Hughes (1814 – 17 June 1889) was a Welsh engineer, businessman and founder of the city of Donetsk. The village was originally named Yuzovka (Hughesovka, Russian: Юзoвка) or Yuzivka (Ukrainian: Юзівка) after Hughes, ("Yuz" being a Russian and Ukrainian approximation of Hughes), formally becoming a town in May 1917 and later, in 1924, being renamed to Stalino (Ukrainian: Сталіно); in 1961, the name was changed to Donetsk.

Ze (Cyrillic)
Ze (З з; italics: З з or З з; italics: З з) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

It commonly represents the voiced alveolar fricative /z/, like the pronunciation of ⟨z⟩ in "zulu".

Ze is romanized using the Latin letter ⟨z⟩.

The shape of Ze is very similar to the Arabic numeral three ⟨3⟩, and should not be confused with the Cyrillic letter E ⟨Э⟩.
FM96 (Fiji)
FM96 is an English language - commercial radio station in Fiji. The station broadcasts on the 96.2 frequency to the cities of Suva, Navua, Nausori, Labasa, Savusavu, Nadi, Denarau, Mamanuca and Lautoka. The station also broadcasts on the 96 frequency to the towns of Coral Coast and Ba. The station broadcasts on 96.4 megahertz to Rakiraki and Nabouwalu.

It is operated by Communications Fiji Limited the company which also owns Radio Navtarang, Radio Sargam, Legend FM, and  Viti FM in Fiji.

FM96 was launched on July 5, 1985. The station is focusing more on a core market of westernized listeners under 25 years.

The music selection runs from 1999 until present. It plays a selection of RnB, hip-hop, rock, rap, pop, dance music and reggae, as well as local music. FM96 is also the only radio station in Fiji that carries AT40 with Ryan Seacrest.

Nausori
Nausori (Fijian pronunciation: [nɔu̯sori] ⓘ) is a town in Fiji. It had a population of 57,866 at the 2017 census. This makes it the fourth most populous municipality in the country. Situated 19 kilometers from the Fijian capital Suva, it forms one pole of the burgeoning Suva-Nausori corridor. Nausori is home to three provinces Rewa, Tailevu and Naitasiri.

The 425-metre (1,394 ft) Rewa Bridge across the Rewa River, built by Fletcher Construction and opened in 2006, links Nausori to the capital, Suva.
Giovanna Venetiglio Matheus
Giovanna Venetiglio Matheus (born December 3, 1989) is a retired Brazilian trampoline gymnast. She won a bronze medal in individual trampoline at the 2007 Pan-American Games held in her hometown, Rio de Janeiro. She also won a bronze medal at the Kawasaki stage of the 2011 Trampoline World Cup series in Japan in the same event. Giovanna was part of the Brazilian delegation competing in the 2011 Pan American Games held in Guadalajara, Mexico, placing fifth.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
Počedělice
Počedělice is a municipality and village in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Počedělice lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Louny, 34 km (21 mi) south of Ústí nad Labem, and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of Prague.

Louny
Louny (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlounɪ]; German: Laun) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 18,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Ohře River. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.