hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Department of Public Works (West Bengal)
The Department of Public Works, popularly known as PWD, is one of the departments under the control of Government of West Bengal. Under PWD, the Public Works and Public Works (Roads) Directorates are presently charged with the planning, survey, design, construction and maintenance of Roads, Bridges and Buildings throughout the state as well as having various responsibilities for emergency and relief activities. The current head of the ministry is Pulak Roy.

The Department is headed by the Minister-In-Charge. The Secretary takes care of the implementation of the policy decision & administration. The Engineer-in-Chief manages the execution of engineering matters. The Public Works Department has two segments-Secretariats and Directorates.

There are three directorates in the department namely Public Works Directorate, Public Works (Roads) Directorate and Public Works Construction Board Directorate.

Pulak Roy
Pulak Roy is an Indian politician and the Minister of Public Health Engineering in the Government of West Bengal. He is also an MLA, elected from the Uluberia Dakshin constituency in the 2011 West Bengal state assembly election.
Department of Rural Development and Land Reform
The Department of Rural Development and Land Reform was, from 2009 to 2019, one of the departments of the South African government. It was responsible for topographic mapping, cadastral surveying, deeds registration, and land reform. The department fell under the responsibility of the Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform, which for most of the department's existence was Gugile Nkwinti (2010 to 2018). The department's name was commonly abbreviated DRDLR.

Significant components of the department included the Deeds Registries, the office of the Chief Surveyor-General, the Chief Directorate: National Geo-spatial Information (South Africa's national mapping agency), and the Land Claims Commission.

In June 2019, the DRDLR merged with the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) to become the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD).

Chief Directorate: National Geo-spatial Information
The Chief Directorate: National Geo-spatial Information or CD:NGI (formerly the Chief Directorate: Surveys and Mapping or CD:SM), is the national mapping agency of South Africa. It is part of the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development.
Joseph Spaniola
Joseph T. Spaniola (born May 7, 1963) is an American musician and chief composer/arranger for the United States Air Force Academy Band. Since 2007, he has served as professor and director of music theory and jazz studies at the University of West Florida. Spaniola graduated with a B.A. and M.A. from Michigan State University and has a PhD. in composition from the University of North Texas. In 2016, he was named Commissioned Composer for the Florida State Music Teachers Association.

University of West Florida
The University of West Florida (West Florida or UWF) is a public university in Pensacola, Florida, United States. Established in 1963 as a member institution of the State University System of Florida, the University of West Florida is a comprehensive research university without faculties of law or medicine, a designated space-grant institution, and sits on the third largest campus in the State University System, at 1,600 acres (650 ha). The university's mascot is Argie the Argonaut and its logo is the chambered nautilus.
SCR-508
The SCR-508 radio was a mobile Signal Corps Radio used by the U.S. Army during World War II, for short range ground communications. The SCR-508 series radio represented the Army's commitment to both FM and crystal tuning, and was used extensively by armor and mechanized units. The turret bustle of late series light and medium tanks was designed around this radio.

Bustle rack
A bustle rack is a type of storage bin mounted on combat vehicles, usually on the sides and/or rear of the turret. These racks are used to carry extra gear and supplies for the vehicle in the field, as well as give the crew a place to store their belongings so that they don't take up the already cramped space inside the vehicle.
Berkeley Fiction Review
Berkeley Fiction Review is an American literary magazine founded in 1981 and based at the University of California, Berkeley.  Stories that have appeared in the Berkeley Fiction Review have been reprinted in The Best American Short Stories and the Pushcart Prize anthology. The Berkeley Fiction Review sponsors an annual Sudden Fiction Contest.

Pushcart Prize
The Pushcart Prize is an American literary prize published by Pushcart Press that honors the best "poetry, short fiction, essays or literary whatnot" published in the small presses over the previous year. Magazine and small book press editors are invited to submit up to six works they have featured. Since 1976, anthologies of selected works have been published on an annual basis. These initiatives are supported and staffed entirely by dedicated volunteers.
Harbidum
Harbidum is the name of a minor city of Sumer, located near Kish, at the Irnina canal (connecting it with Kutha). The city contained a temple dedicated to Išḫara. Harbidum is one of a cluster of settlements of which Kish was the most prominent, and which also included Garnanum and Lulhani.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Sugar Valley, Pennsylvania
Sugar Valley is a valley in Clinton County, Pennsylvania.

The valley gathered its name from the rich abundance and overall size of the Sugar Maple trees it held which were discovered upon first settlement. The dimensions of the valley are approximately 18 mi (29 km) in length, running from east to west, and approximately 2 mi (3.2 km) in width.

Within Sugar Valley, it contains one borough, two townships with ten settlements within the townships. All administrative subdivisions hold background information from where their names originated.

Acer saccharum
Acer saccharum, the sugar maple, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is native to the hardwood forests of eastern Canada and the eastern United States. Sugar maple is best known for being the primary source of maple syrup and for its brightly colored autumn foliage. It may also be called "rock maple," "sugar tree," "sweet maple," or, particularly in reference to the wood, "hard maple," "birds-eye maple," or "curly maple," the last two being specially figured lumber.
Grand Sefton Steeplechase
The Grand Sefton Handicap Chase is a National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged six years or older. It is run at Aintree over a distance of about 2 miles and 5 furlongs (2 miles 5 furlongs and 19 yards, or 4,242 metres), and during its running there are eighteen fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place in November.

It was first run over a one hundred year period from 1865 to 1965 as part of Aintree's autumn meeting and was run over a distance of just under three miles. Originally, the Grand Sefton was one of the most important events of the autumn, but after the Second World War its popularity waned as Aintree's fortunes foundered. In 2003, the race was revived and run on the first day of the November Becher Meeting and run over the same fences as Aintree's most famous race, the Grand National. Prior to 2021 the race was run at Aintree's meeting on the first Saturday in December.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Abilene High School (Kansas)
Abilene High School is a public secondary school in Abilene, Kansas, United States, serving grades 9–12. The school is operated by Abilene USD 435 school district. The current building serves students from the city itself as well as outlying areas covered by the nearby Chapman district.

Abilene is a member of the Kansas State High School Activities Association and offers a variety of sports programs. Athletic teams compete in class 4A. Extracurricular activities are also offered in the form of performing arts, school publications, and clubs.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Tealliocaris
Tealliocaris is an extinct genus of pygocephalomorphans that lived from the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous periods in Europe and North America. The genus was established in 1908 by Ben Peach, and many species have been assigned to it since, though some are now invalid or have been reassigned to other genera. Although it can be inferred that T. loudonensis was originally intended as the type species of Tealliocaris, this species is now deemed a junior synonym of T. woodwardi, first described as a species of Anthrapalaemon in 1877, and thus T. woodwardi is currently deemed the type species of the genus.

Famennian
The Famennian is the later of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration is that it lasted from 372.15 million years ago to 358.86 million years ago. It was preceded by the Frasnian stage and followed by the Tournaisian stage.
Welcome to Jamrock
Welcome to Jamrock is the third studio album by Jamaican reggae/dancehall artist Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley. The album was released on September 12, 2005, in the United Kingdom, and one day later in the United States.

Marley won two 2006 Grammy Awards for the album, Best Reggae Album and Best Urban/Alternative Performance (for the track "Welcome to Jamrock"). Guests appearing on the album include Stephen Marley, Black Thought, Bobby Brown and Nas.

Black Thought
Tariq Luqmaan Trotter (born October 3, 1973), better known as Black Thought, is an American rapper, singer, actor, television host, and the lead MC of the hip hop group The Roots, which he co-founded with drummer Questlove in Philadelphia. Regarded as "one of the most skilled, incisive, and prolific rappers of his time", he is widely lauded for his live performance skills, continuous multisyllabic rhyme schemes, complex lyricism, double entendres, and politically aware lyrics. He and The Roots perform as the house band for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, frequently playing games with Fallon and his guests.
Wiesen Viaduct
The Wiesen Viaduct (or Wiesener Viaduct; German: Wiesener Viadukt) is a single-track railway viaduct, made from concrete blocks with dimension stone coverage. It spans the Landwasser southwest of the hamlet of Wiesen, in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland.

Designed by the then chief engineer of the Rhaetian Railway, Henning Friedrich, it was built between 1906 and 1909 by the contractor G. Marasi (Westermann & Cie, Zürich) under the supervision of P. Salaz and Hans Studer (RhB). The Rhaetian Railway still owns and uses it today for regular service. An important element of the Davos–Filisur railway, the viaduct is 88.9 metres (292 ft) high and 210 metres (690 ft) long; it has a main span of 55 metres (180 ft).

Davos Wiesen
Davos Wiesen (local Walser: an de Wise [an d̥ə ˈʋɪʒ̊ə]; Romansh: Tainⓘ) is a village and one of six parts (former municipalities) of the municipality of Davos besides Davos Dorf, Davos Platz, Davos Frauenkirch, Davos Glaris and Davos Monstein.
Callas, Var
Callas (French pronunciation: [kalas]; Occitan: Calàs) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

On a hill top very close to some of France's best wine growers' vineyards this ancient town looms over the valley below. It's a 45-minute drive from more famous coastal resort towns such as Fréjus and Saint-Raphaël and is only 75 minutes by car away from Nice.

Seaside resort
A seaside resort is a city, town, village, or hotel that serves as a vacation resort and is located on a coast. Sometimes the concept includes an aspect of an official accreditation based on the satisfaction of certain requirements such as in the German Seebad. Where a beach is the primary focus for tourists, it may be called a beach resort.
Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport
Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport (Serbian: Аеродром Никола Тесла Београд / Aerodrom Nikola Tesla Beograd) or Belgrade Airport (Serbian: Аеродром Београд / Aerodrom Beograd) (IATA: BEG, ICAO: LYBE) is an international airport serving Belgrade, Serbia. It is the largest and the busiest airport in Serbia, situated 18 km (11 mi) west of downtown Belgrade near the suburb of Surčin, surrounded by fertile lowlands. It is operated by Vinci Airports (subsidiary of the French conglomerate Vinci) and is named after Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla (1856–1943).

The flag carrier and the largest airline of Serbia, Air Serbia, uses Belgrade Nikola Tesla as its hub. It is also one of the many operating bases for low-cost airline Wizz Air. The air taxi services Air Pink, Eagle Express and Prince Aviation also call the airport their home.

Airline hub
An airline hub or hub airport is an airport used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations. Hubs serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to help get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline may operate flights from several non-hub (spoke) cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve (via an intermediate connection) city-pairs that could otherwise not be economically served non-stop. This system contrasts with the point-to-point model, in which there are no hubs and nonstop flights are instead offered between spoke cities. Hub airports also serve origin and destination (O&D) traffic.
Vicki Cardwell
Vicki Cardwell BEM (née Hoffmann, born 21 April 1955, in Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian former World No. 1 squash player. She was one of the leading players on the international squash circuit from the late 1970s through to the mid-1990s. During her career, she won the World Open in 1983, and the British Open title four consecutive times in 1980-83.

Since retiring from the top-level game, Cardwell has enjoyed continued success in seniors events. She won four World Masters Championships titles between 1987 and 1995.

Cardwell has been inducted into the Australian Sport Hall of Fame and the Squash Australia Hall of Fame. The Australian government has also acknowledged her contribution and services to Australian sport by awarding her the British Empire Medal.

World Squash Championships
The World Squash Championships are squash events, which since the early 1990s have been held annually for both men and women organised by the Professional Squash Association. The men's event was first held in 1976 in London, England and the women's was inaugurated in 1976 in Brisbane, Australia.
Pell Inlet
Pell Inlet is a waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It separates Alexander Island (to the north) from Bathurst Island (to the south). To the west, the strait opens into the Byam Martin Channel, and to the east it opens into the Erskine Inlet.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Spring Lake Park
Spring Lake Park is the name of some places in the United States of America:

Spring Lake Park, Minnesota, a city

Spring Lake Park (Illinois), a public park in Macomb, Illinois

Spring Lake (Omaha, Nebraska), a public park in South Omaha, Nebraska

Spring Lake Regional Park, a public park in Santa Rosa, California

Spring Lake Park (Texarkana, Texas)

Spring Lake (King County, Washington) and Lake Desire, adjacent to Spring Lake/Lake Desire Park

Spring Lake Park, Minnesota
Spring Lake Park is a city in Anoka and Ramsey counties in the state of Minnesota. The population was 7,188 at the 2020 census. The city is located mainly within Anoka County. Minnesota State Highways 47 and 65 and County Highway 10 are three of the main routes in the city.
Rock music in Denmark
Danish rock is rock music played in Denmark. Starting in the 1950s, rock music was inspired by the United States of America, where it was becoming extremely popular, although records could be difficult to obtain in the country. Danish jazz artists began adopting the rock genre. Towards the end of the 1950s and throughout the 1960s, Danish rock was heavily influenced by British music, one of the genres being R&B. By the late 1960s, Danish rock was again influenced by American rock. During the 1980s, the Danish rock consisted mainly of pop-rock bands, until the rock subgenre grunge broke through to the mainstream in the 1990s. In the late 1990s and early 21st century  Indie rock was very popular.

Mike Tramp
Michael Trempenau (born 14 January 1961), better known as Mike Tramp, is a Danish singer, best known for his work with the glam metal band White Lion. In 1996, he launched his solo career, interrupted from 2004 to 2009 when he briefly reformed White Lion. Since then, he has regularly released solo albums and toured extensively. Since 2023, he has released "Songs of White Lion" albums and toured as Mike Tramp's White Lion with guitarist Marcus Nand and band. Danish solo albums have also been released since 2022.
Whitby Rural District
Whitby Rural District was a rural district governed from Whitby for its surrounding area in the North Riding of Yorkshire administrative county from 1894 to 1974. The then township of Whitby was governed by the separate Whitby Urban District. The rural district included Danby and Fylingdales.

In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972. Together with Whitby Urban District it was replaced by the Borough of Scarborough in the non-metropolitan and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.

Fylingdales
Fylingdales is a civil parish in North Yorkshire, England situated south of Whitby, within the North York Moors National Park. It contains the villages of Robin Hood's Bay and Fylingthorpe and Fyling Hall School.

According to the 2011 UK census, Fylingdales parish had a population of 1,346, a reduction on the 2001 UK census figure of 1,485.
Phestilla melanobrachia
Phestilla melanobrachia is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trinchesiidae.

There are two known colour forms of Phestilla melanobrachia, black and orange. Both of these feed on corals in the family Dendrophylliidae  and have been found to be genetically identical.

Nudibranch
Nudibranchs (/ˈnjuːdɪbræŋk/) are a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs, belonging to the order Nudibranchia, that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", "dragon" , and "sea rabbit". About 3,000 species of nudibranchs are known.

The word nudibranch comes from the Latin nudus 'naked' and the Ancient Greek βράγχια (bránkhia) 'gills'.

Nudibranchs are often casually called sea slugs, as they are a family of opisthobranchs (sea slugs), within the phylum Mollusca (molluscs), but many sea slugs belong to several taxonomic groups that are not closely related to nudibranchs. A number of these other sea slugs, such as the photosynthetic Sacoglossa and the colourful Aglajidae, are often confused with nudibranchs.
Ron Orp's Mail
Ron Orp's Mail is an e-mail newsletter which is sent each weekday, from Monday to Friday, to subscribers in a dozen cities in Europe and the Americas.

Romano Strebel and Christian Klinner started Ron Orp's Mail in 2004 in Zurich, Switzerland. Initially it covered only Zurich, with news about the city’s cultural, gastronomic and party offerings, and also tips concerning music, media, reading and TV. Trends and new projects from the city as well as from around the globe are covered. The public market place is another important element of the newsletter. There inserts are published which have previously been advertised on the affiliated homepage.

The newsletter is nominally published by Ron Orp, but he is never seen and there is disagreement as to whether he exists or is a marketing gimmick.

Gastronomy
Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastronomy is called a gastronome, while a gastronomist is one who unites theory and practice in the study of gastronomy. Practical gastronomy is associated with the practice and study of the preparation, production, and service of the various foods and beverages, from countries around the world. It is related with a system and process approach, focused on recipes, techniques and cookery books. Food gastronomy is connected with food and beverages and their genesis. Technical gastronomy underpins practical gastronomy, introducing a rigorous approach to evaluation of gastronomic topics.