hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Human Interests
Knowledge and Human Interests (German: Erkenntnis und Interesse) is a 1968 book by the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas, in which the author discusses the development of the modern natural and human sciences. He criticizes Sigmund Freud, arguing that psychoanalysis is a branch of the humanities rather than a science, and provides a critique of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

Habermas's first major systematic work, Knowledge and Human Interests has been compared to the philosopher Paul Ricœur's Freud and Philosophy (1965). It received positive reviews, which identified it as forming part of an important body of work. However, critics have found Habermas's attempt to discuss the relationship between knowledge and human interests unsatisfactory, and his work obscure in style. Some commentators have found his discussion of Freud valuable, while others have questioned his conclusions.

New German Critique
The New German Critique  is a contemporary academic journal in German studies. It is associated with the Department of German Studies at Cornell University. It "covers 20th century political and social theory, philosophy, literature, film, media and art, reading cultural texts in the light of current theoretical debates." The executive editors are David Bathrick (Cornell University), Andreas Huyssen (Columbia University), and Anson Rabinbach (Princeton University).
The Ghost of Danny Gross
The Ghost Of Danny Gross is the third solo album by Martin Tielli, released in 2009 on Six Shooter Records.  It is the final album to be released in the 2003 Martin Tielli Subscription Series. Most of the tracks on disc one include compositions by Jonathan Goldsmith from the film score for Lost Souls, a 1998 movie directed by Jeff Woolnough.

The album was released in two parts.

Lost Souls (1998 film)
Lost Souls is a UPN television movie that debuted in 1998 as part of the "Thursday Night at the Movies" block that ran from 1998–2000. It is one of six movies created by the same production team and branded Nightworld. It aired frequently on the Fox Family Channel, including in its 13 Nights of Halloween special each October.
Robert Needham Philips
Robert Needham Philips DL (1815 – 28 February 1890) was an English merchant and manufacturer in the Lancashire textiles business, a Liberal Party politician, and the grandfather of the Whig historian G. M. Trevelyan.

He lived in Manchester and in Warwickshire, and after holding at least three ceremonial appointments he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Bury, a mill town which was then in Lancashire, for a total of 22 years between 1857 and 1885.

Mill town
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is a community that developed around one or more textile or other industrial mills, where the local economy centered on mill production and company owners typically provided housing, stores, schools, and other services to support workers and their families. Emerging prominently during the early 19th-century Industrial Revolution, mill towns harnessed water power from rivers to mechanize textile manufacturing, initially concentrating in New England before expanding southward, where they eclipsed northern production by the 1920s through lower labor costs and abundant resources. These towns featured a paternalistic social structure, with mill corporations exerting broad influence over daily life to ensure labor stability and productivity, fostering economic booms that built infrastructure but also vulnerability to market fluctuations, technological changes, and eventual deindustrialization.
Marco Tutino
Marco Tutino (born 30 May 1954) is an Italian composer. 
His emergence during the late 1970s was as the spearhead of an Italian Neo-Romantico group, founded with two other composers, Lorenzo Ferrero and Carlo Galante. He graduated from the Milan Conservatory, where he had studied flute and composition (with Giacomo Manzoni), in 1982.

He has composed operas, chamber music and symphonic works which have been performed by important Italian orchestras and concert societies. Some have been performed by music institutions in other countries, notably the BBC Philharmonic, The Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, Copenhagen Radio Symphony Orchestra, and The San Francisco Chamber Orchestra.

Teatro Comunale di Bologna
The Teatro Comunale di Bologna is an opera house in Bologna, Italy.  Typically, it presents eight operas with six performances during its November to April season.

While there had been various theatres presenting opera in Bologna since the early 17th century, they had either fallen into disuse or burnt down. However, from the early 18th century, the Teatro Marsigli-Rossi had been presenting operatic works by popular composers of the day including Vivaldi, Gluck, and Niccolò Piccinni. The Teatro Malvezzi, built in 1651, burned down in February 1745 and this event prompted the construction of a new theatre, the Nuovo Teatro Pubblico, as the Teatro Comunale was originally called when it opened on 14 May 1763.
USCGC Hemlock
USLHT Hemlock was a lighthouse tender built for the United States Lighthouse Service in 1934.  She spent her entire government career stationed at Ketchikan, Alaska.  Her primary missions were maintaining aids to navigation, and search and rescue.  The Lighthouse Service was absorbed into the United States Coast Guard in 1939 and she became USCGC Hemlock (WAGL-217).  During World War II, the Coast Guard came under U.S. Navy control and Hemlock was armed.  She took on a number of military missions, but never saw combat.  After the war she returned to her peacetime missions.

Hemlock was decommissioned in 1958, and sold in 1961.  In 1965 her engines were removed and she was converted into a floating shrimp cannery.   Renamed Pacific Pride, the processing barge was towed to Kodiak, Alaska where she worked for several years.  Her ultimate fate is unknown.

United States Lighthouse Service
The United States Lighthouse Service, also known as the Bureau of Lighthouses, was the agency of the United States government and the general lighthouse authority for the United States from the time of its creation in 1910 as the successor of the United States Lighthouse Board until 1939 when it was merged into the United States Coast Guard. It was responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of all lighthouses and lightvessels in the United States.
Cambridgeport, Vermont
Cambridgeport is an unincorporated village in the town of Rockingham, Windham County, Vermont, United States. The community is located at the intersection of Vermont routes 35 and 121, 2.7 miles (4.3 km) west-northwest of Saxtons River. Cambridgeport has a post office with ZIP code 05141.

Vermont Route 35
Vermont Route 35 (VT 35) is a 21.220-mile-long (34.150 km) north–south state highway in southeastern Vermont, United States. It runs from an intersection with VT 30 in Townshend north to an intersection with VT 11 in Chester. The entirety of VT 35 is town-maintained.
Phyllonorycter pterocaryae
Phyllonorycter pterocaryae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the island of Hokkaidō in Japan  from the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 5–6 mm.

The larvae feed on Juglans ailanthifolia, Juglans mandschurica, Juglans regia, and Pterocarya rhoifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Pterocarya rhoifolia
Pterocarya rhoifolia, commonly known as Japanese wingnut, is a species of tree in the family Juglandaceae. It is widely distributed throughout Japan, and also found in China in the Laoshan District of eastern Shandong Province. Its natural presence in China is contested.

The tree flourishes in moist areas along riverbanks and mountain streams, and attains 30 m (98 ft) in height, flowering from May–July.

It is a soft light wood, with the heartwood yellowish-white in color, which has been used as a substitute of kiri (Paulownia tomentosa), for example, to make geta clogs that are imitations of kiri-geta. It is straight-grained and the pore pattern on the surface provides the wood with a handsome appearance.
John Phillips (South African cricketer)
John Glanville Phillips (8 November 1910 – 26 June 1985) was a South African cricketer who played 16 matches of first-class cricket for Border and Transvaal between 1931 and 1938.

John Phillips was an opening batsman and left-arm wrist-spinner. His best batting performance was 100 and 36 for Border against Orange Free State in 1933–34. In the 1934–35 season he took 15 wickets in two matches in East London in just over a week: 7 for 51 and 2 for 87 in a victory over Orange Free State, then 5 for 123 and 1 for 44 in a close loss to Natal. These performances led the cricket writer Louis Duffus to name him as a player "who is sure to be heard of in subsequent seasons". However, Phillips played only two more first-class matches.

Free State cricket team
Free State (formerly Orange Free State) is the first-class cricket team representing the province of Free State (known as Orange Free State until 1995) in South Africa. For the purposes of the SuperSport Series, Free State merged with Griqualand West and formed the Eagles cricket team franchise. The team was called Orange Free State from January 1904 to April 1995; it has been part of the Eagles from October 2004.
Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's vault
The men's vault competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held on August 9 and 18 at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium. The eight competitors (with a maximum of two per nation) with the highest scores in qualifying, among the gymnasts electing to make two vaults, proceeded to the men's vault finals. There, each gymnast performed two vaults; the scores from the final round (ignoring qualification) determined final ranking. There were 16 competitors from 13 nations that made a second vault attempt. The event was won by Leszek Blanik of Poland, the nation's first victory in the men's vault. Blanik was the seventh man to win multiple medals in the event, adding to his 2000 bronze. France earned its first medal in the event with Thomas Bouhail's silver. Anton Golotsutskov of Russia took bronze, putting the nation back on the podium after a one-Games absence.

National Indoor Stadium
The National Indoor Stadium (国家体育馆), a.k.a. Folding Fan (折扇), is an arena located at Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China.

The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people, and was constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics. It is nicknamed the Fan (扇子, shànzi) due to its design resembling a traditional Chinese folding fan.
Convex body
In mathematics, a convex body in -dimensional Euclidean space  is a compact convex set with non-empty interior. Some authors do not require a non-empty interior, merely that the set is non-empty.

A convex body  is called symmetric if it is centrally symmetric with respect to the origin; that is to say, a point  lies in  if and only if its antipode,  also lies in  Symmetric convex bodies are in a one-to-one correspondence with the unit balls of norms on

Some commonly known examples of convex bodies are the Euclidean ball, the hypercube and the cross-polytope.

Hypercube
In geometry, a hypercube is an n-dimensional analogue of a square (n = 2) and a cube (n = 3); the special case for n = 4 is known as a tesseract. It is a closed, compact, convex figure whose 1-skeleton consists of groups of opposite parallel line segments aligned in each of the space's dimensions, perpendicular to each other and of the same length. A unit hypercube's longest diagonal in n dimensions is equal to .

An n-dimensional hypercube is more commonly referred to as an n-cube or sometimes as an n-dimensional cube. The term measure polytope (originally from Elte, 1912) is also used, notably in the work of H. S. M. Coxeter who also labels the hypercubes the γn polytopes.

The hypercube is the special case of a hyperrectangle (also called an n-orthotope).

A unit hypercube is a hypercube whose side has length one unit. Often, the hypercube whose corners (or vertices) are the 2n points in Rn with each coordinate equal to 0 or 1 is called the unit hypercube.
Lake Cavanaugh, Washington
Lake Cavanaugh is a census-designated place (CDP) in Skagit County, Washington, United States. The population was 200 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Mount Vernon–Anacortes, Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Based on per capita income, Lake Cavanaugh ranks 30th of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked. It is also the highest rank achieved in Skagit County.

Mount Vernon, Washington
Mount Vernon is the county seat of and the most populous city in Skagit County, Washington, United States. A central location in the Skagit River Valley, the city is located 51 miles (82 km) south of the Canadian border and 60 miles (97 km) north of Seattle. The population was 35,219 at the 2020 census, making it the 35th most-populous city in Washington, with 62,966 people living in its urban area. It is one of two principal cities of and included in the Mount Vernon-Anacortes Metropolitan Statistical Area, covering most of Skagit County.

Mount Vernon and its surrounding areas are known for its annual Skagit Valley Tulip Festival, which has Mount Vernon host a street fair in downtown once a year, with millions of tulips grown in the Skagit Valley every year. Between the 2000 and 2020 census, Mount Vernon grew by 34.3%, and is a prominent location in Northwestern Washington, connected to neighboring communities via I-5 and Amtrak (with Skagit Station).
Verbena californica
Verbena californica is a rare species of verbena known by the common names California vervain and Red Hills vervain. This flower is endemic to Tuolumne County, California, where it is known from ten or eleven occurrences in the Red Hills, a section of the Sierra Nevada foothills near Chinese Camp. It grows in moist woodland habitat, often on serpentine soils. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

This is a green herb about half a meter in height with a fuzzy stem and long, grasslike leaves. It bears spike inflorescences of tiny purple flowers.

This rare plant is threatened by a number of factors, including cattle grazing, trash dumping, gold mining, off-road vehicles, and development in its habitat. The plant reproduces asexually by sprouting from its underground bulb; this may be a factor in its limited distribution.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Nicholas Spencer
Colonel Nicholas Spencer (1633 – 23 September 1689) was an English-born merchant, planter and politician in colonial Virginia. Born in Cople, Bedfordshire, Spencer migrated to the Westmoreland County, Virginia, where he became a planter and which he twice briefly represented in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Spencer later served as the colony's Secretary and on the Governor's Council, rising to become its President. On the departure of his cousin Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper in 1683, he was named Acting Governor (1683–84), in which capacity Spencer served until the arrival of Governor Lord Howard of Effingham. Spencer's role as agent for the Colepepers helped him and his cousin Lt. Col. John Washington, ancestor of George Washington, secure the patent for their joint land grant of the Mount Vernon estate.

House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses (/ˈbɜːr.dʒə.sɪz/) was the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly from 1619 to 1776. It existed during the colonial history of the United States in the Colony of Virginia in what was then British America. From 1642 to 1776, the House of Burgesses was an important feature of Virginian politics, alongside the Crown-appointed colonial governor and the Virginia Governor's Council, the upper house of the General Assembly.

When Virginia declared its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fifth Virginia Convention in 1776 and became the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, the House of Burgesses was transformed into the House of Delegates, which continues to serve as the lower house of the General Assembly.
Sunda cuckooshrike
The Sunda cuckooshrike (Coracina larvata) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia, where it occurs on Borneo, Sumatra and Java. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

Cuckooshrike
The cuckooshrikes and allies in the family Campephagidae are small to medium-sized passerine bird species found in the subtropical and tropical Africa, Asia and Australasia. The 107 species are divided into 11 genera. The woodshrikes (Tephrodornis) were often considered to be in this family but are now placed in their own family, Vangidae, along with the philentomas and the flycatcher-shrikes. Another genus, Chlamydochaera, which has one species, the black-breasted fruithunter, was often placed in this family but has now been shown to be a thrush (Turdidae).
Don Gorge
The Don Gorge is the valley of the River Don to the west of Doncaster, south of the village of Sprotbrough. The gorge is known as a 'green corridor'.

A weir is on the river at Sprotbrough, and this is bypassed by a canal with a lock. The abandoned hamlet of Levitt Hagg sits in woodland to the south of the river. The Sprotbrough Flash nature reserve lies adjacent to the river on its north bank.

Boat Lane provides vehicular access into the village; additionally there is a public footpath. Mill Lane connects the Don Gorge with Warmsworth to the south.

Warmsworth
Warmsworth is a village and civil parish of Doncaster in the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England. Its population was estimated at 3,908 in 2019. The village lies along the A1(M) Doncaster Bypass and the A630. The River Don is close to the village. Sprotbrough, Edlington, Conisbrough, Levitt Hagg and Balby surround Warmsworth. It lies 4 miles (6.5 km) from Doncaster.
Christmas with Sinatra & Friends
Christmas with Sinatra & Friends is a 2009 compilation album by Frank Sinatra.

Eight Sinatra songs are taken from A Jolly Christmas from Frank Sinatra and 12 Songs of Christmas. The remaining four tracks feature Rosemary Clooney ("White Christmas"), Mel Tormé ("The Christmas Song [Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire]"), Tony Bennett and Bill Evans ("A Child Is Born"), and Ray Charles and Betty Carter ("Baby, It's Cold Outside").

Mel Tormé
Melvin Howard Tormé (September 13, 1925 – June 5, 1999), nicknamed "the Velvet Fog", was an American musician, singer, composer, arranger, drummer, actor, and author. He composed the music for "The Christmas Song" ("Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire") and co-wrote the lyrics with Bob Wells. Tormé won two Grammy Awards and was nominated a total of 14 times.
Bukowina, Sieradz County
Bukowina [bukɔˈvina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Błaszki, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Błaszki, 24 km (15 mi) west of Sieradz, and 75 km (47 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Yunfei
Yunfei is a transliteration of multiple Chinese given names. Notable people with these names include:

Li Yunfei (李运飞, born 1979), Chinese figure skater

Liu Yunfei (刘云飞, born 1979), Chinese football player

Yunfei, fictional character in the Samurai Shodown video game series

Wang Zuo (王佐, 1898–1930), Chinese bandit chieftain and protégé of Mao Zedonga, also called Wang Yunfei (王雲飛)

Wang Zuo
Wang Zuo (Chinese: 王佐; pinyin: Wáng Zuǒ; May 1898 – February 24, 1930), also Wang Yunhui (王雲輝) or Wang Yunfei (王雲飛), nicknamed Nandougu (南斗牯), was a former bandit chieftain who operated in the Jinggang Mountains of Jiangxi, from 1923, and then joined the Chinese Communist Party, becoming a protégé of Mao Zedong during their formative period in the Jiangxi Soviet. However, this cost him his own life in the following power struggle within the Chinese Communist Party.
Kongo Civil War
The Kongo Civil War (1665–1709) was a war of succession between rival houses of the Kingdom of Kongo. The war waged throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries, between the House of Kinlaza and House of Kimpanzu. Numerous other factions entered the conflcit, claiming descent from one or both parties, such as the Água Rosada of Kibangu and the da Silva of Soyo.  By the end of the war, Kongo's vaunted capital had been destroyed and many Bakongo were sold into the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.

War of succession
A war of succession is prompted by a succession crisis in which two or more individuals claim to be the rightful successor to a deceased or deposed monarch. The rivals are typically supported by factions within the royal court. Foreign powers sometimes intervene, allying themselves with a faction. This may widen the war into one between those powers.

Wars of succession were some of the most prevalent types of wars by cause throughout human history, but the replacement of absolute monarchies by an international order based on democracy with constitutional monarchies or republics ended almost all such wars by 1900.
1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 49th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

On 16 October 1949, Mount Sion won the championship after a 4–08 to 0–06 defeat of Clonea in the final. This was their 7th championship title overall and their second title in succession.

Clonea Power–Rathgormack GAA
Rathgormack GAA is a GAA club based in the Rathgormack region of County Waterford. Originally two clubs, Clonea Power and Rathgormack amalgamated in 1987 to form one club.

Rathgormack GAA Club is a Gaelic football club which is assisted by Clonea Hurling Club, both club's which are in the parish of Clonea and Rathgormack. This arrangement between the two clubs was put in place in 1989.