hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chuchot Gongma
Chuchot Gongma is a village-group and the headquarter of Chuchot block in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Leh tehsil. This village Chuchot is divided into three villages: Yokma, Shamma and Chuchot Gongma. Chuchot village is the longest village of ladakh. It starts from Choglamsar and stretches up to Stakna by the bank of the Indus River, and this river is the source of water for irrigating fields.

People here rear cattle and harvest fields. This village, located in ladakh, comes under Leh district and is 13 km South of Leh main town. This village is surrounded by chains of mountain range with the village itself being located on the bank of the historically famous Indus River. Farther away from the bank, the other side of the village has vast barren lands.

Polo and archery are the most common sports. The village grows a large amount of wild sea buckthorn, known for its therapeutic, anti-carsenic, anti-aging antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties.

Leh
Leh (English: /'leɪ/, Hindi: ['leː(ɦ)]) is a city in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir region.   It is the largest city and the joint capital of Ladakh.   It has been the capital of Ladakh since the Medieval Period. Leh, located in the Leh district, was also the historical capital of the Kingdom of Ladakh. The seat of the kingdom, Leh Palace, the former residence of the royal family of Ladakh, was built in the same style and about the same time as the Potala Palace in Tibet. Since they were both constructed in a similar style and at roughly the same time, the Potala Palace in Tibet and Leh Palace, the royal residence, are frequently contrasted. Leh is at an altitude of 3,524 m (11,562 ft), and is connected via National Highway 1 to Srinagar in the southwest and to Manali in the south via the Leh-Manali Highway (part of National Highway 3).
Final Call (The Lost Tapes)
Final Call (The Lost Tapes) is a previously unreleased studio album by rapper AZ, recorded in 2003 and 2004. It was originally set to be released in 2004 but was shelved because of a two-month early leak on the internet and press. Instead of Final Call the album A.W.O.L. was released in 2005 and included the three songs "Magic Hour", "The Truth" and "Live Wire" of Final Call as bonus tracks. In 2008 Final Call was finally released under AZ's new label Koch Records.

MNRK Music Group
MNRK Music Group (pronounced "monarch"), formerly known as Koch Records and Entertainment One (eOne) Music, is an American independent record label and music management company based in New York City. It was formed in 1987 as a music division of Koch Entertainment, which was acquired by and absorbed into Entertainment One (or eOne for short) in 2004. eOne was acquired by toy and multimedia company Hasbro in 2019, absorbed its family brands division in the process and announced the sale of this division to the Blackstone Group in April 2021, which then adopted this name. Hasbro then sold the remains of eOne to Lionsgate, who then rebranded it initially as eOne Canada and then Lionsgate Canada.

MNRK owns the libraries of Artemis Records, Dualtone Records, Last Gang Records and Prosthetic Records.
Jared Weinstein
Jared Weinstein  is a former government official. He served as the special assistant and personal aide to U.S. President George W. Bush from 2006 to 2009.

Prior to this post, he served as an aide to White House Chiefs of Staff Andy Card and Josh Bolten. After President Bush left office, Weinstein served as Deputy Chief of Staff in the Office of George W. Bush in Dallas, Texas.

In 2011, Weinstein joined Palantir Technologies in a business development and advisory role and also co-founded venture capital firm Thrive Capital as a general partner and where he serves as COO. Weinstein stepped down from his role at Palantir in 2015.

Andrew Card
Andrew Hill Card Jr. (born May 10, 1947) is an American politician and academic administrator who was White House Chief of Staff under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006, as well as head of Bush's White House Iraq Group. Card served as United States Secretary of Transportation under President George H. W. Bush from 1992 to 1993.

Card announced his resignation as Chief of Staff on March 28, 2006, effective April 14, 2006. Card was the Acting Dean of the Bush School of Government and Public Service, at Texas A&M University from 2011 to 2013. In 2014, Card became the president of Franklin Pierce University, serving until he retired from that post in the summer of 2016.
Tim Newby
Timothy Michael Newby (born May 29, 1974) is an American writer and educator. He is the author of three books and his work has appeared in a variety of publications including Bluegrass Unlimited, Paste (magazine), Relix, AmericanaUK, Inside Lacrosse, Society for American Baseball Research, Slide & Banjo, and Honest Tune, where he was the Features Editor. He has been called "one of Baltimore's most beloved historians."

Newby lives in Baltimore, Maryland with his wife and daughter.

Society for American Baseball Research
The Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) is a membership organization dedicated to fostering the research and dissemination of the history and statistical record of baseball. The organization was founded in Cooperstown, New York, on August 10, 1971, at a meeting of 16 "statistorians" coordinated by sportswriter Bob Davids. The organization now reports a membership of over 7,500 and is based in Phoenix, Arizona.
David De Cremer
David De Cremer (born 1972) is a Belgian social psychologist examining behavioral applications to organizations, management and economics. In July 2024, he became the dean of Northeastern University's D'Amore-McKim School of Business. In January 2026, Northeastern indicated he would be stepping down as dean on July 1, 2026, citing a medical issue. He was previously at the University of Cambridge as the KPMG chair in management studies at Judge Business School. Throughout his career he has lived and lectured in Europe, US, Middle-East and Asia. His most recent work focuses on the role of leaders with regards to AI-driven transformation.

D'Amore-McKim School of Business
The D'Amore-McKim School of Business is the business school of Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. The business program was founded in 1922, followed by the Graduate School of Business Administration in 1952.

Northeastern University's cooperative education program, which allows students to alternative semesters of study and full-time professional experience, works with more than 3,500 employers in nearly 50 countries around the world.

The D'Amore-McKim School has more than 50,000 living alumni, including graduates from both the graduate and undergraduate programs, in 137 countries globally.
Educating Eve
Educating Eve: The 'Language Instinct' Debate is a book by Geoffrey Sampson, providing arguments against Noam Chomsky's theory of a human instinct for (first) language acquisition. Sampson explains the original title of the book as a deliberate allusion to Educating Rita (1980), and uses the plot of that play to illustrate his argument. Sampson's book is a response to Steven Pinker's The Language Instinct specifically and Chomskyan linguistic nativism broadly.

The title, Educating Eve, was dropped after the first edition because the allusion to Educating Rita "was deemed unduly mysterious". The revised edition (2005) contains an additional chapter and "many passages, from a few words up to new chapter-sections, that discuss relevant scientific findings which have emerged since the first edition, or respond to objections made by critics of that edition."

Universal grammar
Universal grammar (UG), in modern linguistics, is the theory of the innate biological component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky. The basic postulate of UG is that there are innate constraints on what the grammar of a possible human language could be. When linguistic stimuli are received in the course of language acquisition, children then adopt specific syntactic rules that conform to UG. The advocates of this theory emphasize and partially rely on the poverty of the stimulus (POS) argument and the existence of some universal properties of natural human languages. However, the latter has not been firmly established.

Other linguists have opposed that notion, arguing that languages are so diverse that the postulated universality is rare. The theory of universal grammar remains a subject of debate among linguists.
Philip Covarrubias
Philip Covarrubias is a Colorado politician and a former member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 56th District, which encompasses portions of Arapahoe and Adams counties, including the communities of Aurora, Bennett, Brick Center, Brighton, Byers, Comanche Creek, Commerce City, Deer Trail, Lochbuie, Peoria, Strasburg, Thornton, Todd Creek, and Watkins. He served on the Finance and Health, Insurance, & Environment committees.

Covarrubias, a Republican, formerly lived in Brighton. He currently lives in Seabrook, Texas. He co-founded an excavation and construction company that worked on the FasTracks project connecting downtown Denver to Denver International Airport, and currently works as a foreman for Xcel Energy. He is Mexican-American and a co-founder of Hispanic Contractors of Colorado; having experienced racial discrimination while growing up, he is part of the Sociedad Protección Mutua De Trabajadores Unidos.

Byers, Colorado
Byers is an unincorporated town, a post office, and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Arapahoe County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Byers post office has the ZIP Code 80103. At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Byers CDP was 1,322.
Chidambara Chandrasekaran
Chidambara Chandrasekaran (1911–2000) was noted Indian demographer and statistician, was educated in India, UK and the US. He graduated from Morris College, Nagpur, with a B.Sc. degree, followed by a M.Sc. degree from the Nagpur University, and a PhD degree in statistics from University College London in 1938. He was also awarded an MPH degree from Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health in 1947.

Note that in some publications his name is spelled as "Chandra Sekar". 
He was related to two Nobel Prize winners: C. V. Raman was his uncle and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was his cousin.

Statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.

It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.
James May's Big Ideas
James May's Big Ideas is a three-part 2008 British television miniseries in which presenter James May of Top Gear fame travels the globe in search of implementations for concepts widely considered science fiction, or his big ideas. The series was produced by the Open University and aired on BBC Two.

The first episode documents his search for the ultimate form of personal transport, ranging from jetpacks to flying cars. In the second episode, May looks at bionics and robotics and if robots can exceed the boundaries of their programming. The third episode focuses on energy.

Flying car
A flying car or roadable aircraft is a type of vehicle which can function both as a road vehicle and as an aircraft. The term "flying car" includes vehicles that are classified as motorcycles when operated on public roads. It is also sometimes used to include hovercars and/or VTOL personal air vehicles. Since the early 20th century, many prototypes have been built, employing a variety of flight technologies. Most have been designed to take off and land conventionally using a runway. Although VTOL projects are increasing, none has yet been produced in significant quantities.

Their appearance is often predicted by futurologists, and many concept designs have been promoted. Their failure to become a practical reality has led to the catchphrase "Where's my flying car?", as a paradigm for the failure of predicted technologies to appear. Flying cars are also a popular theme in fantasy and science fiction stories.
Fraudulent concealment
Fraudulent concealment is a common law doctrine that may be invoked to toll a statute of limitations. Under this doctrine, if a defendant has concealed his misconduct, then the limitations period shall start from the point when the plaintiff discovers his claim, or should have discovered it with due diligence. It is similar to the equitable estoppel doctrine.

The United States Supreme Court first adopted the fraudulent concealment doctrine as a federal common law matter in the 1874 case Bailey v. Glover. The doctrine was notably raised in cases related to the Watergate scandal; E. Howard Hunt unsuccessfully invoked it in a malpractice suit against his defense lawyer, and journalist Hedrick Smith successfully used it in an illegal wiretapping case against Richard Nixon and others. Since then, it has increased in popularity.

Estoppel
Estoppel is a judicial device whereby a court may prevent or "estop" a person from making assertions or from going back on their word. The person barred from doing so is said to be "estopped". Estoppel may prevent someone from bringing a particular claim. In common law legal systems, the legal doctrine of estoppel is based in both common law and equity. 
Estoppel is also a concept in international law.
Cabri, Saskatchewan
Cabri is a town in southwestern Saskatchewan directly north of Gull Lake, northwest of Swift Current and east of the Great Sand Hills. It was incorporated as a village in 1912 and as a town in 1917.

The Cabri ferry started operation in 1912, crossing the South Saskatchewan River between the village of Cabri and the town that is now known as Kyle.

Great Sand Hills
The Great Sand Hills, also spelt Great Sandhills, are sand dunes in the south-west region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The Great Sand Hills are the second largest active dunes in Saskatchewan, after Athabasca Sand Dunes, and are part of Great Sandhills Ecological Reserve, which covers an area of about 1,900 km2 (730 sq mi). The sands that make up the dunes are made up of very finely ground sand called rock flour that were deposited near the end of the last ice age. The region around the sand hills is often windy and, as a result, the wind blows the fine sands around creating an ever-changing landscape.

Swift Current, the fifth largest city in Saskatchewan, is 159 kilometres (99 mi) to the south-east while Leader, the closest town, is 38 kilometres (24 mi) to the north-west. Access is from Sceptre, which is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the hills. Sceptre is home to the Great Sandhills Museum & Interpretive Centre.
Vasco Da Gama (film)
Vasco Da Gama is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language fantasy comedy film written and directed by RG Krishnan. The film stars Nakkhul, K. S. Ravikumar, Vamsi Krishna and Arthana Binu along with Anandaraj and Munishkanth in supporting roles. The film was released on 2 August 2024 to mixed reviews, with some critics praising its inventive inverted-world premise while others criticised its execution.

Anandaraj
Anandaraj (born 10 November  1958) is an Indian actor. He has acted in villain roles and comedic roles in several Tamil films and has appeared in over a three hundred films in different languages including Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi.
Virolahti
Virolahti (Finnish: [ˈʋiroˌlɑhti]; Swedish: Vederlax) is the southeasternmost municipality of Finland on the border of Russia. It is located in the Kymenlaakso region. The municipality has a population of 2,796 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 558.92 square kilometres (215.80 sq mi), of which 186.97 km2 (72.19 sq mi) is water. The population density is 7.51 inhabitants per square kilometre (19.5/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The Vaalimaa border crossing, which connects the municipality with Russia, is located in Virolahti.

Municipalities of Finland
The municipalities (Finnish: kunta; Swedish: kommun) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental, self-governing administrative units of the country. The entire country is incorporated into municipalities and legally, all municipalities are equal, although certain municipalities are called cities or towns (Finnish: kaupunki; Swedish: stad). Municipalities have the right to levy a flat percentual income tax, which is between 16 and 22 percent, and they provide two thirds of public services. Municipalities control many community services, such as schools, health care and the water supply, and local streets. They do not maintain highways, set laws or keep police forces, which are responsibilities of the central government.
Wisconsin's 16th Senate district
The 16th Senate district of Wisconsin is one of 33 districts in the Wisconsin Senate.  Located in south-central Wisconsin, the district comprises much of eastern Dane County, western Jefferson County, and part of southwest Dodge County.  It includes the cities of Fitchburg, Fort Atkinson, Lake Mills, Stoughton, Sun Prairie, and Waterloo, and the villages of Cottage Grove, Deerfield, and Marshall, and parts of the city of Madison and the village of McFarland.  It also contains Lake Kegonsa State Park and most of Lake Koshkonong.

Marshall, Dane County, Wisconsin
Marshall is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States, along the Maunesha River. The population was 3,787 at the 2020 United States Census. It is part of the Madison, Wisconsin metropolitan area.
Glutamate–tRNA ligase
In enzymology, a glutamate–tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + L-glutamate + tRNAGlu  AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNAGlu

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-glutamate, and tRNAGlu, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-glutamyl-tRNAGlu.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, to be specific those forming carbon–oxygen bonds in aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate:tRNAGlu ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, glutamyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase, glutamyl-transfer RNA synthetase, glutamyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, glutamate-tRNA synthetase, and glutamic acid translase.  This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: glutamate metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
Harriet Brooks
Harriet Brooks (July 2, 1876 – April 17, 1933) was a Canadian nuclear physicist. She is most famous for her research in radioactivity. She discovered atomic recoil, and transmutation of elements in radioactive decay. Ernest Rutherford, who guided her graduate work, regarded her as comparable to Marie Curie in the calibre of her aptitude. She was among the first persons to discover radon and to try to determine its atomic mass.

Cavendish Laboratory
The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences. The laboratory was opened in 1874 on the New Museums Site as a laboratory for experimental physics and is named after the British chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish. The laboratory has had a huge influence on research in the disciplines of physics and biology.

The laboratory moved to a new site in West Cambridge in 1974.  In 2025 it moved again to the Ray Dolby Centre, still in West Cambridge.

As of 2019, 30 Cavendish researchers have won Nobel Prizes. Notable discoveries to have occurred at the Cavendish Laboratory include the discovery of the electron, neutron, and structure of DNA.
Kozmodemyansk, Perm Krai
Kozmodemyansk (Russian: Козьмодемьянск) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kozmodemyanskoye Rural Settlement, Karagaysky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 602 as of 2010. There are 15 streets.

Karagaysky District
Karagaysky District (Russian: Карага́йский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Karagaysky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 1,621 square kilometers (626 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karagay. Population:  22,875 (2010 Census); 24,792 (2002 Census); 25,845 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Karagay accounts for 29.2% of the district's total population.
Exodus (Ja Rule album)
Exodus is a 2005 greatest hits album by rapper Ja Rule. He had released an album every year since 1999, but in 2005, with no new album planned, The Inc. released this greatest hits album featuring songs such as "Mesmerize" and "Wonderful".

Irv Gotti was forced to release one more album from Ja and Ashanti to honor his contract with Def Jam. Universal did not want to support a full LP by either artist, so two greatest hits sets were released. The version of "It's Murda" on this album is shortened and not the original.

The album was also made in an edited version, which lacks some censorship in songs due to different times the songs were edited.

The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 107 and peaked at number 50 on the UK albums chart.

Wonderful (Ja Rule song)
"Wonderful" is a song by American rapper Ja Rule. It was released on September 27, 2004, as the lead single from his sixth studio album, R.U.L.E. (2004), through Irv Gotti's The INC record label. The song features American pop-R&B singers R. Kelly and Ashanti. "Wonderful" topped the UK Singles Chart, reached number five on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaked at number six in both Australia and New Zealand, and became a top-20 hit in Denmark, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.

A remix was made available on Ashanti's fourth studio album, Concrete Rose (2004), featuring an extended verse from the singer and omitting Kelly's verse. A video directed by Hype Williams was made for this single.