hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alison Donnell
Alison Donnell is an academic, originally from the United Kingdom. As of 2024 she was Professor of Modern Literatures in English and Head of School of Humanities at the University of Bristol.

Donnell was previously Professor of Modern Literatures and Head of the School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia. Before that, she was Head of School of Literature and Languages at the University of Reading, where she also founded the research theme "Minority Identities: Rights and Representations".

Donnell's primary research field is anglophone postcolonial literature, and she has been published widely on Caribbean and Black British literature. Much of her academic work also focuses questions relating to gender and sexual identities and the intersections between feminism and postcolonialism.

Wasafiri
Wasafiri is a quarterly British literary magazine covering international contemporary writing. Founded in 1984, the magazine derives its name from a Swahili word meaning "travellers" that is etymologically linked with the Arabic word "safari". The magazine holds that many of those who created the literatures in which it is particularly interested "...have all in some sense been cultural travellers either through migration, transportation or else, in the more metaphorical sense of seeking an imagined cultural 'home'." Funded by the Arts Council England, Wasafiri is "a journal of post-colonial literature that pays attention to the wealth of Black and diasporic writers worldwide. It is Britain's only international magazine for Black British, African, Asian and Caribbean literatures."
Sir Robert Rich, 5th Baronet
Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Rich, 5th Baronet (1717 – 19 May 1785) was a British Army general and Governor of Londonderry and Culmore.

He fought at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 as colonel of the 4th King's Own (Barrell's) Regiment, where he lost his left hand to a sword cut and nearly lost the right forearm to another, in addition to six cuts to his head.

In 1756 he was appointed Governor of Londonderry and Culmore, in Ireland, and in 1760, made a Lieutenant-General.

He married Mary, sister of Peter Ludlow, 1st Earl Ludlow, and had an only daughter, Mary Frances. She married on 4 January 1784 the Reverend Charles Bostock of Shirley House, Hampshire.

On 4 May 1785, he died at Bath, Somerset. He left his estates to his daughter. These included Waverley Abbey in Surrey and Roos Hall in Suffolk.

The baronetcy passed to his brother, George. His son-in-law, Charles, assumed the surname of Rich in 1790 and was himself created a baronet in 1791. He died on 19 May 1785 at age 68.

Peter Ludlow, 1st Earl Ludlow
Peter Ludlow, 1st Earl Ludlow PC (21 April 1730 – 26 October 1803), known as The Lord Ludlow between 1755 and 1760, was a British politician. He served as Comptroller of the Household from 1782 to 1784.
Farmakas
Farmakas (Greek: Φαρμακάς) is a village in the Nicosia District of Cyprus, located around 5 km east of the village of Palaichori Oreinis.

It is a fragment of a fully developed oceanic crust, consisting of plutonic, intrusive and volcanic rocks and chemical sediments. The stratigraphic completeness of the ophiolite makes it unique. It was created during the complex process of sea-floor spreading and formation of oceanic crust and was emerged and placed in its present position through complicated tectonic processes related to the collision of the Eurasian Plate to the north and the African Plate to the south.

The Troodos Ophiolite has a very significant role for the water budget of the island. Most of the rocks, especially the gabbros and the sheeted dykes are good aquifers due to fracturing. The perennial rivers running radially are feeding the main aquifers in the periphery of the Troodos and the plains.

African plate
The African plate, also known as the Nubian plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It also includes a narrow strip of Western Asia along the Mediterranean Sea, including much of Palestine and Lebanon.  It is bounded by the North American plate and South American plate to the west (separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge); the Arabian plate and Somali plate to the east; the Eurasian plate, Aegean Sea plate and Anatolian plate to the north; and the Antarctic plate to the south.

Between 60 million years ago and 10 million years ago, the Somali plate began rifting from the African plate along the East African Rift. Since the continent of Africa consists of crust from both the African and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the African plate as the Nubian plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.
Louis Cullen
Louis Michael Cullen (born 1932) is an Irish diplomat, academic, historian, author and Japanologist.  He is Professor of Modern Irish History at Trinity College in Dublin. Nicholas Canny has described him as "the most prolific, most wide-ranging, and the most enterprising historian of his generation in Ireland."

Japanese studies
Japanese studies or Japan studies (Japanese: 日本学, Hepburn: Nihongaku), sometimes known as Japanology in Europe, is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science.

The historical roots of Western Japanese studies may be traced back to the Dutch traders based at Dejima, Nagasaki during the Edo period (1603–1867). The foundation of the Asiatic Society of Japan at Yokohama in 1872 by Western scholars such as Ernest Satow and Frederick Victor Dickins was an important event in the development of Japanese studies as an academic discipline.
Immigration to New Zealand
Migration to New Zealand began only very recently in human history, with Polynesian settlement in New Zealand, previously uninhabited, about 1250 CE to 1280 CE. European migration provided a major influx, especially following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Subsequent immigrants have come chiefly from the British Isles, but also from continental Europe, the Pacific, the Americas and Asia.

Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE; Māori: Hīkina Whakatutuki) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with "delivering policy, services, advice and regulation to support business growth".
Coleophora pseudodianthi
Coleophora pseudodianthi is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in central Bulgaria and southern Ukraine.

The wingspan is 14–18 mm. Adults have been recorded in May in Ukraine and in June in Bulgaria.

The larvae probably feed on Dianthus species.

Dianthus
Dianthus (/daɪˈænθəs/ dy-AN-thəs) is a genus of about 340 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species in north Africa and in southern Africa, and one species (D. repens) in arctic North America. Common names include carnation (D. caryophyllus), pink (D. plumarius and related species), and sweet william (D. barbatus).
Robert Russell Newton
Robert Russell Newton (July 7, 1918 – June 2, 1991) was an American physicist, astronomer, and historian of science.

Newton was Supervisor of the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University.

Newton was known for his book The Crime of Claudius Ptolemy (1977). In Newton's view, Ptolemy was "the most successful fraud in the history of science". Newton claimed that Ptolemy had predominantly obtained the astronomical results described in his work The Almagest by computation, and not by the direct observations that Ptolemy described. Distrust of Ptolemy's observations goes back at least as far as doubts raised in the 16th century by Tycho Brahe and in the 18th century by Delambre. R. R. Newton also made a charge of conscious falsification.

Newton was also known for his work on change of the rotation rate of the earth, and historical observations of eclipses; however, his results “are simply meaningless.” His steps were rarely detailed, his reasoning rarely explained.

Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and is the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. The press publishes books and journals, and operates other divisions including fulfillment and electronic databases. Its headquarters are in Charles Village section of Baltimore, Maryland.

In 2017, after the retirement of Kathleen Keane, who is credited with modernizing JHU Press for the digital age, the university appointed new director Barbara Pope.
Nils-Olof Hederén
Nils-Olof "Olle" Hederén (13 April 1908 – 9 January 1976) was a Swedish Army officer. He served as commanding officer of the South Scanian Infantry Regiment and Jämtland Ranger Regiment. Hederén also served as battalion commander in Congo during the Congo Crisis.

Swedish Army Company Officer School
Swedish Army Company Officer School (Swedish: Arméns kompaniofficersskola, AKS) was a Swedish Army school unit formed in 1926 as the Swedish Army Non-Commissioned Officer School (Swedish: Arméns underofficersskola, AUS). From 1926 to 1972, it trained active non-commissioned officers in the Swedish Army into warrant officers. In 1972, the school changed name and after that trained platoon leaders in the Swedish Army into company officers until the school was disbanded in 1983.
Kirandul
Kirandul is a town and a municipality in Dantewada district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is located roughly 400 km south of Raipur, capital of Chhattisgarh and 41 km southwest of Dantewada-the district headquarters. The way to travel is by road with frequent bus service from Raipur, Bhilai and Jagdalpur or by train from Jagdalpur and Visakhapatnam. It has the world's largest iron ore mine according to 2021 survey. 10,000 tribals from surrounding 200 villages have protested for five days against mining operations in Kirandul and Bailadila range in 2019.

Bhilai
Bhilai is a city in Durg district of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, in eastern central India. Along with its twin-city Durg, the urban agglomeration of Durg-Bhilai Nagar has a population of more than a million, making it the second most populous urban area in Chhattisgarh after Raipur. The Bhilai metropolis contains three municipal corporations: Bhilai Municipal Corporation, Bhilai Charoda Municipal Corporation and Risali Municipal Corporation.

Bhilai is a major industrial and educational hub of central India. The city is home to several industries like Bhilai Steel Plant, Jaypee Cement, Orient Cement, NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant, Steel Authority of India, FSNL and ACC Cement. The city is home to the Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, as well as the Bhilai Institute of Technology. Risali is an emerging hub with its own municipal corporation.
The city also has the state's oldest zoo, Maitri Bagh.
Dudok
Dudok is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Willem Marinus Dudok (1884–1974), Dutch architect

Evert Dudok (born 1959), Dutch business executive

Giuliana Dudok (born 2000), Uruguayan swimmer

Rodrigo Dudok (born 2007), Uruguayan footballer

Evert Dudok
Evert Dudok (born February 23, 1959, in Venlo, Netherlands) has been the President of EADS Astrium Satellites since June 2007. Prior to this date he was president of EADS Astrium Space Transportation since June 2005. Before that he was Head of Earth Observation & Science division at EADS Astrium since March 2002.

Dudok obtained a degree in Electrical Engineering Summa Cum Laude from the Technical University of Eindhoven in 1984. He started his career with DASA in Ottobrunn in 1984, where he worked many years for "Payload Antennas" activities. Since the beginning of Astrium, he was Head of the Business Unit “Navigation and constellations” in the Business Division “Telecommunication & Navigation”.

Dudok became Executive Vice President of Connected Intelligence at the creation of Airbus Defence and Space in 2014 and also became a member of the Airbus Defence and Space Executive Committee.
1952–53 Oberliga
The 1952–53 Oberliga  was the eighth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany and the Saar Protectorate. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the south, north and west then entered the 1953 German football championship which was won by 1. FC Kaiserslautern. It was 1. FC Kaiserslautern's second national championship, having previously won it in 1951.

1. FC Köln set a new Oberliga start record in 1952–53, winning its first eleven games, a mark later equaled by Hannover 96 in 1953–54 and Hamburger SV in 1961–62 but never surpassed.

A similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1952–53 DDR-Oberliga was won by Dynamo Dresden.

Oberliga (football)
The Oberliga (German: [ˈoːbɐˌliːɡa], "Upper League"; plural: Oberligen) is the fifth tier of the German football league system. Before the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008, it was the fourth tier.  At the end of the 2011–12 season, the number of Oberligas was increased from eleven to fourteen.

With the exception of the Nazi-era Gauliga, the term Oberliga (equivalent to Premier League in English) was used prior to the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963 for first-division leagues in West Germany. Between 1978–94 the term Amateuroberliga was used for third-tier leagues, which were then the highest level of amateur play in the country. The current usage of the designation Oberliga was introduced in 1994. In East Germany a separate league structure was in place from 1948–1990 and the top flight division there was known as the DDR-Oberliga.
1984 NSW Building Society Open – Men's doubles
Mike Bauer and Pat Cash were the defending champions, but Cash did not compete this year. Bauer teamed up with Marty Davis and lost in the first round to Paul Annacone and Christo van Rensburg.

Annacone and Van Rensburg won the title by defeating Tom Gullikson and Scott McCain 7–6, 7–5 in the final.

Paul Annacone
Paul Annacone (born March 20, 1963) is an American former touring professional tennis player and current tennis coach. He is the former coach of 20-time Grand Slam winner Roger Federer, 14-time Grand Slam winner Pete Sampras, and 2017 US Open champion Sloane Stephens. Annacone is currently a coach at ProTennisCoach.com, a commentator at Tennis Channel, and works with Taylor Fritz.
Glossary of owarai terms
The following glossary of words and terms (generally of Japanese origin) are related to owarai (Japanese comedy).  Many of these terms may be used in areas of Japanese culture beyond comedy, including television and radio, music. Some have been incorporated into normal Japanese speech.

Culture of Japan
Japanese culture has changed greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary modern culture, which absorbs influences from Asia and other regions of the world.

Since the Jomon period, ancestral groups like the Yayoi and Kofun, who arrived to Japan from Korea and China, respectively, have shaped Japanese culture. Rice cultivation and centralized leadership were introduced by these groups, shaping Japanese culture. Chinese dynasties, particularly the Tang dynasty, have influenced Japanese culture throughout history and brought it into the Sinosphere. After 220 years of isolation, the Meiji era opened Japan to Western influences, enriching and diversifying Japanese culture. Popular culture shows how much contemporary Japanese culture influences the world.
Ferentina
Ferentina was the patron goddess of the city Ferentinum, Latium. She was protector of the Latin commonwealth.   She was also closely associated with the Roman Empire.

A grove sacred to the goddess was used as the site of a famous meeting of the leaders of the Latin towns with the last king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, at the beginning of his reign.  The leading citizen of Aricia, Turnus Herdonius was murdered at the command of Tarquinius, by being drowned in the sacred waters of the grove.

The sacred grove also features in the history of Gaius Marcius Coriolanus.  In 491 BC, the Volscian leader Attius Tullus Aufidius sought to stir up trouble in Rome by contriving for the Roman senate to expel the Volsci from the city during the Great Games.  Attius met the fleeing Volsci at Ferentina's grove, and spoke to them, stirring up their feelings against Rome.  Attius' actions led to a war between Rome and the Volsci.

Ludi Romani
The Ludi Romani ("Roman Games"; see ludi) was a religious festival in ancient Rome held annually, starting in 366 BC, from September 12 to September 14. In the 1st century BC, an extra day was added in honor of the deified Julius Caesar on 4 September and extended to September 19. The festival first introduced drama to Rome based on Greek drama.
NHL 2K8
NHL 2K8 is an ice hockey video game made by 2K, and published on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 consoles. It features former Ottawa Senators centre Jason Spezza on its cover. Bob Cole and Harry Neale return from NHL 2K6 and NHL 2K7 to provide commentary.

New features in the game include an all-new faceoff system, an all-new ProStick system involving the right skill stick to deke, take faceoffs and puck handle, and an all-new system called Superstar Combo moves, which mimics real-life dekes and fakes by actual NHL players to use in the game with the push of a button. Also, the game included an all-new goaltending system, with all-new graphics and movement.

NHL 2K8 introduced the new Reebok Edge jerseys through the use of a code found on the 2K Sports website.

The soundtrack has 16 rock songs from various artists including Priestess, Comeback Kid, Stellastarr, and other rock bands.

Stellastarr
Stellastarr (styled as stellastarr*) is an American indie rock band based in New York City consisting of Shawn Christensen (vocals, rhythm guitar), Amanda Tannen (bass, vocals), Arthur Kremer (drums, percussion, keyboards), and Michael Jurin (lead guitar, vocals).
Abua–Odual
Abua–Odual (also spelled as Abua/Odual) is a Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is located in Ayama/Abua Central Abua. The people of Abua are of Ijaw ancestry,. Abua is an ethnicity under the ijaw nation. It has an area of 704 km2 and a population of 282,988 at the 2006 census. Abua consists of Otapha, Okpeden, Ogbo Abuan, and Emughan. Each has its ruler and a minimum of seven villages under it.
Late Chief John Mark Miwori was a Justice of Peace in Emesu in 2007.
The postal code of the area is 510102.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Erie Neighborhood House
Erie Neighborhood House is a social service agency that works primarily with low-income, immigrant families in Chicago, Illinois. Operations began in 1870 as a ministry of Holland Presbyterian Church, a Protestant congregation located northwest of Chicago's Loop, and the organization quickly became part of the settlement house movement that emerged in the late 19th century. It currently offers programs and services from four locations—two in Chicago's West Town community area, a third in Little Village, and fourth at Jose De Diego Elementary School in East Humboldt Park—to a population characterized as predominantly Latino.

Humboldt Park, Chicago
Humboldt Park is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States, located on the West Side of Chicago. The Humboldt Park neighborhood is known for its dynamic social and ethnic demographic change over the years. The Puerto Rican community has identified strongly with the area since the 1970s. Humboldt Park is also the name of the Chicago Park District's historic 207-acre (0.8 km2) park or public garden adjacent to the community area.
Maestro (surname)
Maestro is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bassi Maestro (born 1973), Italian rapper, deejay, beatmaker, and producer

Fernando Maestro (born 1974), Spanish retired footballer

Ignacio Maestro Puch (born 2003), Argentine professional footballer

Iván Maestro (born 1988), Spanish motorcycle racer

Johnny Maestro (1939–2010), American pop singer

Mía Maestro (born 1978), Argentine actress and singer

Nestor El Maestro (born 1983), Serbian football manager

Rolando Del Maestro (born 1949), Italian-born Canadian neurosurgeon

Roser Maestro (born 1988), Spanish communist politician

Virginia Maestro (born 1982), Spanish singer-songwriter

Johnny Maestro
John Peter Mastrangelo (May 7, 1939 – March 24, 2010), known as Johnny Maestro, was an American pop singer. He was the lead vocalist for the doo-wop group The Crests, whose song "16 Candles" went to number two on the Billboard Hot 100. He later led The Brooklyn Bridge, who are best known for their cover of the Jimmy Webb song "Worst That Could Happen".

Maestro continued singing as frontman for The Brooklyn Bridge. With this group, they were inducted into three major music halls of fame. After his death from cancer in 2010, a section of Mason and Midland Avenue in Staten Island was renamed to "Johnny Maestro Way" in his honor in 2011.
The Bravery of Being Out of Range
"The Bravery of Being Out of Range" is the fifth song and second single from the album, Amused to Death, released by former Pink Floyd bassist, Roger Waters. According to Waters, the song was written as a criticism of the neoliberal policies adopted by Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher.

Jon Carin
Jon Carin (born October 21, 1964) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and producer. He has collaborated with acts including Pink Floyd, Roger Waters, David Gilmour, The Who, Pete Townshend, Eddie Vedder, Psychedelic Furs, Kate Bush, Soul Asylum, The Dream Academy and Richard Butler.
Asfastan, Qazvin
Asfastan (Persian: اسفستان, also Romanized as Asfastān; also known as Asbastār, Asbestān, Asbetsān, Asfatān, and Aspastan) is a village in Ilat-e Qaqazan-e Gharbi Rural District, Kuhin District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 31 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Jericho, Cumberland County, New Jersey
Jericho is a community located within Stow Creek Township, in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Stow Creek, a tributary of the Delaware River, flows through the settlement, and a pond and dam are located there.

Jericho was at one time an important mill town in the history of Cumberland and Salem counties.

Stow Creek (New Jersey)
Stow Creek is an 18.0-mile-long (29.0 km) tributary of Delaware Bay in Salem and  Cumberland counties, New Jersey in the United States.

The creek forms part of the border between Salem and Cumberland Counties.

It empties into Delaware Bay at the ghost town of Bayside; the actual mouth has moved northward as erosion has cut open a loop of the creek.