hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Askola
Askola (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈɑskolɑ]) is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Uusimaa region. The municipality has a population of 4,704 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 218.03 square kilometres (84.18 sq mi) of which 5.61 km2 (2.17 sq mi) is water. The population density is 22.14 inhabitants per square kilometre (57.3/sq mi). Monninkylä is the largest village of the municipality in terms of population (1,326 inhabitants). Neighbouring municipalities are Myrskylä, Mäntsälä, Pornainen, Porvoo and Pukkila.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Askola is one of three municipalities in the Uusimaa region that do not have a Swedish name; the others are Nurmijärvi and Mäntsälä.

Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)
which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.

In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.
Perinone
Perinone is a class of organic compounds.  The parent compound has two isomers, each of which are useful pigments.

It is prepared from naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride by condensation with o-phenylenediamine. The two Isomers of perinone are useful pigments.  The trans isomer is called Pigment Orange 43 ("PO43", CID 78141 from PubChem) and the cis isomer is called Pigment Red 194 ("PR194", CID 77892 from PubChem).   Like some structurally related compounds perinone is also an organic semiconductor.

Condensation
Condensation is    the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei within the atmosphere. When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, the change is called deposition. Condensation is usually associated with water.
Urania's Mirror
Urania's Mirror; or, a view  of the Heavens is a set of 32 astronomical star chart cards, first published in November 1824. They are illustrations based on Alexander Jamieson's A Celestial Atlas, but the addition of holes punched in them allow them to be held up to a light to see a depiction of the constellation's stars. They were engraved by Sidney Hall, and were said to be designed by "a lady", but have since been identified as the work of the Reverend Richard Rouse Bloxam, an assistant master at Rugby School.

The cover of the box-set depicts Urania, the muse of astronomy. It originally came with a book entitled A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy... written as an accompaniment. Peter Hingley, the researcher who solved the mystery of who designed the cards a hundred and seventy years after their publication, considered them amongst the most attractive star chart cards of the many produced in the early 19th century.

Hercules (constellation)
Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythology hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is the fifth-largest of the modern constellations and is the largest of the 50 which have no stars brighter than apparent magnitude +2.5.
SJ Y6
Y6 was a series of diesel railcars operated by Statens Järnvägar (SJ) of Sweden. 378 motor cars and 321 trailers were delivered between 1953-61 by Hägglund & Söner, Svenska Järnvägsverkstäderna, Kalmar Mekaniska Verkstad and Eksjöverken. They were used throughout the unelectrified Swedish rail network during the 1950s to the 1980s. The electrical counterpart of the unit was the X16 and X17.

In addition to SJ, five units were sold to Göteborg-Särö Järnväg in 1954.

In 1981 five units were sold from SJ to the Norwegian State Railways, where they were designated NSB Class 89 and used on the Flekkefjord Line. In Sweden the units were replaced by the Y1 railcars in the 1980s.

One Y7 unit, 1212, was preserved in the UK in 1985, and is now operated by The International Railway Preservation Society. It has been returned to working order and following a move back to the Nene Valley Railway won the Railcar Associations Railcar of the Year Award 2012.

Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996)
The Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner or NSB) was a state-owned railway company that operated most of the railway network in Norway. The government agency/directorate was created in 1883 to oversee the construction and operation of all state-owned railways in Norway. On 1 December 1996, it was demerged to create the infrastructure operator Norwegian National Rail Administration, the train operator Norwegian State Railways and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. The name was taken by the train operator, although the infrastructure operator remained a government agency and is the legal successor.
Circeo National Park
Circeo National Park (Italian: Parco Nazionale del Circeo) is an Italian national park founded in 1934. It occupies a strip of coastal land from Anzio to Terracina, including also a sector of forest in the mainland of San Felice Circeo, and the island of Zannone.

The park was established by order of Benito Mussolini, under advice from Senator Raffaele Bastianelli, to preserve the last remains of the Pontine Marshes which were being reclaimed in that period. It is the only national park in Italy to occupy only a plain and coastal area. It reaches from approximately Pontinia in the north to Sabaudia in the south.

Sabaudia
Sabaudia is a coastal town on the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the province of Latina, Lazio, in central Italy. Sabaudia's centre is characterised by several examples of Fascist architecture, as it was one of several towns built in the 1930s built on land reclaimed from swamps and wetlands under projects by Mussolini.

Villa Volpi, a neoclassical seaside villa built in 1952 for Countess Nathalie Volpi of Misurata, is located on the sand dunes of Sabaudia.
Ihor Shevchenko
Ihor Anatoliiovych Shevchenko (Ukrainian: Ігор Анатолійович Шевченко; born January 10, 1971) is a Ukrainian lawyer and public figure. He was  Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources from December 2014 until July 2015.

Shevchenko was the founder and President of the Ukrainian Bar Association (2002-2007). He also founded and led the leading Ukrainian law firm "Shevchenko Didkovskiy & Partners" from 1995 to 2008 (currently "Asters").

Oleksandr Onyshchenko
Oleksandr Romanovych Onyshchenko (Ukrainian: Олександр Романович Онищенко, born March 31, 1969) is a Ukrainian ex-politician, show jumping rider and patron. Onyshchenko was previously a member of the Ukrainian Parliament and a member of pro-Russian Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych’s Party of Regions. In the summer of 2016, while a member of Parliament, Onyshchenko fled Ukraine after he was stripped of immunity by the Parliament of Ukraine and the General Prosecutor Office expressed intention to arrest him due to charges related to alleged corruption and money laundering. In May 2020 Prosecutor's office of Ukraine extradition request was denied by the German court. Since 2016, he has resided in European Union. As of 2019, Onyshchenko was reportedly residing in Spain.

In January 2021, under new administration in the White house Onishchenko, was sanctioned in the United States in connection with his support of Donald Trump during the presidential elections.
Koziki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Koziki [kɔˈʑiki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ełk, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is situated on the southern shore of Selmęt Wielki Lake in the region of Masuria.

Ełk County
Ełk County (Polish: powiat ełcki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Ełk, which lies 123 kilometres (76 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The county covers an area of 1,111.87 square kilometres (429.3 sq mi). As of 2019, Ełk County's total population was 91,446, with the town of Ełk having a population of 62,006.
Troels Lund Poulsen
Troels Lund Poulsen (born 30 March 1976) is a Danish politician, who is the Deputy Prime Minister of Denmark and leader of Venstre. He also serves as Minister of Defence. He previously served as Minister for the Environment from 2007 to 2010, Minister for Taxation from 2010 to 2011, Minister of Education in 2011, Minister for Commerce, Business and Growth from 2015 to 2016, Minister for Employment from 2016 to 2019, and Minister for Economic Affairs from 2022 to 2023. He has been a member of the Folketing since 2001, representing the Hedensted nomination district.

Minister for the Environment (Denmark)
The Danish Minister of the Environment (Danish: Miljøminister), is a minister in the government of Denmark, with overall responsibility for strategy and policy across the Ministry of the Environment. The ministry and the ministerial position were created in 1971. From 1971 to 1973, the ministry was named the "Ministry of Pollution Control".
Shadows (anthology)
Shadows was a series of horror anthologies edited by Charles L. Grant, published by Doubleday from 1978 to 1991.  Grant, a proponent of "quiet horror", initiated the series in order to offer readers a showcase of this kind of fiction.  The short stories appearing in the Shadows largely dispensed with traditional Gothic settings, and had very little physical violence.  Instead, they featured slow accumulations of dread through subtle omens, mostly taking place in everyday settings.  While Grant himself was notable in this field of fiction, he contributed no stories to the anthologies, writing only the introductions and author profiles. The first volume in the series won the World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology.

Bill Pronzini
Bill Pronzini (born April 13, 1943) is an American writer of detective fiction. He is also an active anthologist, having compiled more than 100 collections, most of which focus on mystery, western, and science fiction short stories. Pronzini is known as the creator of the San Francisco-based Nameless Detective, who starred in over 40 books from the early 1970s into the 2000s.
Bigg Boss 1
Bigg Boss 1 is the first season of various versions of Bigg Boss (an Indian adaptation of the reality game show Big Brother):

Bigg Boss (Bangla season 1)

Bigg Boss (Hindi season 1)
Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 1), season one of the internet version of the show
Bigg Boss Halla Bol, a spinoff of season 8 of the show

Bigg Boss Kannada (season 1)
Bigg Boss OTT Kannada (season 1)
Bigg Boss Mini Season, a spinoff of season 8 of the show

Bigg Boss (Malayalam season 1)

Bigg Boss Marathi (season 1)

Bigg Boss (Tamil season 1)
Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1), internet version of the show

Bigg Boss (Telugu season 1)
Bigg Boss Non-Stop (season 1), internet version of the show

Bigg Boss Non-Stop season 1
Bigg Boss Non-Stop, is the first season of the Indian Telugu-language reality digital series of Bigg Boss Non-Stop and the first series to be released exclusively on Star India's streaming platform Disney+ Hotstar. The season premiered on 26 February 2022 with Nagarjuna as a host.

The season's finale took place on 21 May 2022 with Bindu Madhavi winning the title along with ₹40 lakh prize money while Akhil Sarthak emerged as the first runner-up.
Nara Centennial Hall
Nara Centennial Hall (なら100年会館, Nara Hyakunen Kaikan) is a multi-use complex in Nara, Japan. It opened in 1999 as part of the centennial celebrations of the  municipality of Nara. There is a large hall that seats up to 1720, a smaller concert hall with a capacity of 446, and a gallery. Arata Isozaki was the architect, with acoustical design by Nagata Acoustics.

Nagata Acoustics
Nagata Acoustics (永田音響設計, Nagata onkyō sekkei) is an international acoustical consultancy firm. In Japan they have been involved in the design of over seventy concert halls, including the Suntory Hall, Sapporo Concert Hall, Muza Kawasaki Symphony Hall, Kyoto Concert Hall and Hyogo Performing Arts Center; other projects have included the Supreme Court, Tokyo and the sound system for the New National Theatre, Tokyo. Outside Japan they have consulted on the Walt Disney Concert Hall, Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra in Katowice, the Danish Radio Concert Hall, Helsinki Music Centre, Mariinsky Concert Hall and Opera House, Elbphilharmonie, Taichung Metropolitan Opera House, Bing Concert Hall, and Philharmonie de Paris.
Víctor Maldonado
Víctor Maldonado Flores (born August 3, 1939, in Lagunillas, Zulia) is a retired track and field athlete from Venezuela. He competed in the hurdling events. Maldonado represented his native country at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1960. He was second in the 1963 Pan American Games 4 × 400 metres relay (with Hortensio Fucil, Arístides Pineda and Leslie Mentor). In the 1959 Pan American Games, Maldonado finished sixth in the 400 metres hurdles and in the 1963 Pan American Games 400 metres hurdles he finished fourth.

Lagunillas Municipality, Zulia
Lagunillas Municipality is one of the 21 municipalities that make up Zulia State, Venezuela. There are about 170,000 inhabitants. The shire town is Ciudad Ojeda. It is also the lowest municipality in Venezuela, by -12 m.
Gooseville Mill/Grist Mill
The Gooseville Mill/Grist Mill is a historic mill on the North Branch Milwaukee River in Gooseville, Wisconsin. The mill was built in 1879 to replace an 1855 mill that had burned down. The mill is a small custom mill with board and batten siding and is typical of the custom mills common in Sheboygan County in the 1800s. A Lefel turbine powered the mill, replacing the paddle wheel used in the 1855 mill. A burr mill was used to grind the grain processed at the mill. As of 1984, the mill was still operational and occasionally used as a sawmill.

The mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.
Submanifold
In mathematics, a submanifold of a manifold  is a subset  which itself has the structure of a manifold, and for which the inclusion map  satisfies certain properties. There are different types of submanifolds depending on exactly which properties are required. Different authors often have different definitions.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
HFRR
HFRR is a measurement for lubrication of Diesel or heating oil and stands for high frequency reciprocating rig. The value is given in μm, lower is better. The measured value is the diameter of the flattening of the ball after the test.

It's important because high pressure injection pumps are only lubricated by the fuel itself. Density and viscosity are not sufficient describing the aptitude of the fuel.

Deutsches Institut für Normung
Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardisation) is a German non-profit organization and acting as national organization for standardization. DIN is the German ISO member body. DIN is headquartered in Berlin. There are around thirty thousand DIN Standards, covering nearly every field of technology.
Jack Womack
Jack Womack (born January 8, 1956) is an American author of fiction and speculative fiction.

Womack was born in Lexington, Kentucky, and now lives in New York City with his wife and daughter. "Yeah, I was in Kentucky. Lived there till I was 21, moved up here, and I've lived in my present apartment for 32 years in April."

Womack's fiction may be determinedly non-cyber, but, with its commitment to using SF as a vehicle for social critique, it definitely has a punky edge. William Gibson once said that he thought he was more interested in basic economics and politics than the average blue sky SF writer. That counts double for Womack, whose fiction is packed with grimly amusing social satire and powerful little allegories exploring urban breakdown, class war and racial tensions.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Jonathan Joy
Jonathan Joy (29 December 1826 – 27 September 1889) was an English first-class cricketer, active 1849–1867, who played for Sheffield and Yorkshire. He also played first-class cricket for the North of England (1854–1864) and Yorkshire with Stockton-on-Tees (1861).

Born in Preston Bottoms, Knaresborough, Joy scored 283 runs, with a best score of 74 against Kent in 1864, at an average of 14.50. He took one wicket with his right arm, round arm, fast bowling against the South of England at a total cost of 56.00. He also took three catches. He also umpired one first-class match, Yorkshire and Durham versus Nottinghamshire, at Portrack Lane, Stockton-on-Tees, in 1858. Joy died in September 1889, in Middlesbrough.

Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, it forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley. In 2021, it had a population of 148,215.
Melissa Woodbury
Melissa Woodbury (born in 1969 in Palo Alto, California) is an American politician. She served as a Republican member of the Nevada Assembly from 2008 to 2018 representing District 23 (southern Clark County including Boulder City, Laughlin, and parts of Henderson). Woodbury served as Minority Whip in the 2017 legislative session.

Boulder City, Nevada
Boulder City is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is approximately 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Las Vegas. As of the 2020 census, the population of Boulder City was 14,885. The city took its name from Boulder Canyon. Boulder City is one of only two places in Nevada that prohibits gambling, the other being the town of Panaca.
Tumbleweed Film Festival (Washington)
The Tumbleweed Film festival (TwFF) is an independent film festival that is held in August in Oroville, WA, which is located in Okanogan County. Tumbleweed highlights short films and documentaries from independent filmmakers throughout the world. The festival's venues include local wineries and breweries.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Królewski Dwór, Lublin Voivodeship
Królewski Dwór (Polish pronunciation: [kruˈlɛfskʲi ˈdvur]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Parczew, within Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Parczew and 50 km (31 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
New River Community College
New River Community College (NRCC) is a public community college in Dublin, Virginia, in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia. It is one of the 23 colleges in the Virginia Community College System. NRCC's service region covers the counties of Montgomery, Floyd, Pulaski and Giles and the city of Radford.

Floyd County, Virginia
Floyd County is a United States county located on a high plateau of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the Commonwealth of Virginia. With a population of 15,476, as of the 2020 census, the county is included in the Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The Floyd County seat is the similarly named small town of Floyd.

The county was established in 1831 from part of  Montgomery County, and was named after then Governor John Floyd.  In the 1960s and 1970s, Floyd proved popular with people in the era's counterculture, particularly those who wanted to live in closer contact with nature.  The county has a rich musical heritage, including hosting the annual FloydFest music and arts festival.