hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Debre Elias
Debre Elias (Amharic: ደብረ ኤልያስ) is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Gojjam Zone, Debre Elias is bordered on the south and west by the Abay River which separates it from the Oromia Region, on the northwest by the Mirab Gojjam Zone, on the north by Machakel, and on the east by Guzamn. Towns in this woreda include Elias. Debre Elias was part of Machakel woreda.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Liam Irwin
Liam Irwin is a former Gaelic football player with Laois in Ireland.

Nicknamed "George", he played at midfield and in 1986 was part of the Laois team that won the county's second National Football League title.

Liam also picked up an All-Star award that year.

In 1992, Liam won his only Laois Senior Football Championship title with his club Ballyroan.

1 Leinster Under 21 Football Championship 1982

1 National Football League Division 1 1986

1 All Star 1986

1 Laois Senior Football Championship 1992

Laois Senior Football Championship
The Laois Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by top-tier Laois GAA clubs. The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1888.

Portarlington won the 2025 title, after defeating Courtwood in the final.
Prentice Redman
Prentice Montezz Redman (born August 23, 1979) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets. He is the brother of former big league center fielder Tike Redman.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
Vademecum filipino o manual de conversación familiar español-tágalog
The Vademecum filipino o manual de conversación familiar español-tágalog is a classic Spanish-language textbook for learning the Tagalog language by Venancio María de Abella, first published in 1868. It is one of the oldest works of this type. The contents reflect the terms and phrases of Manila's vernacular during the era of the textbook's publication.

Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige than standard language, which is more codified, institutionally promoted, literary, or formal. More narrowly, any particular variety of a natural language that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc.
Resource and Energy Economics
Resource and Energy Economics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering energy economics and environmental economics published by Elsevier. It was established in 1978 as Resources and Energy and obtained its current title in 1993. The editors-in-chief are R.D. Horan (Michigan State University) and D. van Soest (Tilburg University). The journal was founded by University of Chicago economist George S. Tolley, and Tolley continues to serve as an honorary editor.

Environmental economics
Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues. It has become a widely studied subject due to growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century. Environmental economics "undertakes theoretical or empirical studies of the economic effects of national or local environmental policies around the world. Particular issues include the costs and benefits of alternative environmental policies to deal with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming."
Zaostrów
Zaostrów [zaˈɔstruf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia Konecka, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Słupia, 32 km (20 mi) south-west of Końskie, and 42 km (26 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie
Końskie [ˈkɔɲskʲɛ] ⓘ (Yiddish: Kinsk, קינצק / קינסק) is a town in south-central Poland, with 20,328 inhabitants (2008), situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, Końskie belongs to the province of Lesser Poland, and since its foundation, until 1795 (see Partitions of Poland), it was part of Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Ek prosopou
The title of ek prosopou (Greek: ἐκ προσώπου), meaning "representative", was widely used in the middle Byzantine Empire (9th–12th centuries) for deputies of various office holders.

The title could be applied in a generic sense to any senior official, such as the strategos of a theme, who was in a sense the deputy of the Byzantine Emperor. In a more technical sense, as used in the Taktika or lists of offices of the 9th–11th centuries, it was used by subordinate officials who deputized for a strategos or other provincial governor or one of the central government ministries for a specific district (called ekprosopike by Kekaumenos). The same usage is also attested in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.

Strategos
Strategos (pl.  strategoi), also known by its Latinised form strategus, is a Greek term meaning 'military general'. In the Hellenistic world and in the Byzantine Empire, the term also described a military governor. In the modern Hellenic Army, it is the highest officer rank.
Matan Barashi
Matan Barashi (Hebrew: מתן בראשי; born 6 May 1988, in Jerusalem) is an Israeli footballer who currently plays for Ironi Beit Shemesh.

He spent the 2009–10 season in the Liga Leumit on loan at Hapoel Jerusalem, and played in Beitar Jerusalem until 2013. At international level, Barashi was capped at under-18 and under-19 level.

Hapoel Jerusalem F.C.
Hapoel Jerusalem Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל ירושלים, Mo'adon Kaduregel Hapoel Yerushalayim) is an Israeli professional football club based in Jerusalem. It competes in the Israeli Premier League, the top flight of Israeli football. Founded in 1926, their home ground is the Teddy Stadium.
As a protest against the conduct of the club's owners since the 1990s, the Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem football club was established in 2007, the first football club in Israel owned by its fans. The club was named after Katamon Stadium, which was formerly used by Hapoel Jerusalem. The club existed in parallel with Hapoel Jerusalem for 12 years.

In 2019 Hapoel Jerusalem was disbanded and in August 2020, Hapoel Katamon acquired the rights to the name Hapoel Jerusalem and officially became Hapoel Jerusalem. Since then, the club is owned by its fans and is managed by a board of seven members.

The team's record achievement is winning the State Cup and third place in the First League in 1973.
Heeney
Heeney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnold Heeney, PC CC (1902–1970), Canadian lawyer, diplomat and civil servant

Cornelius Heeney (1754–1848), Irish-American merchant and politician

Darcy Heeney (1916–1941), New Zealand boxer

Dennis Heeney, Manitoba politician

Gwen Heeney (1952–2016), British sculptor

Isaac Heeney (born 1996), Australian footballer

Michael P. Heeney, American country music songwriter

Patrick Heeney (1881–1911), Irish composer who wrote the music to the Irish national anthem

Tom Heeney (1898–1984), professional heavyweight boxer from New Zealand

Michael P. Heeney
Michael Patrick Heeney is an American country music songwriter. He has co-written singles for several country music recording artists, including hit singles for Brooks & Dunn ("God Must Be Busy"), Eric Church ("Love Your Love the Most" and "Drink in My Hand"), George Jones ("Still Doin' Time"), Tracy Byrd ("Ten Rounds with José Cuervo"), and Reba McEntire ("Have I Got a Deal for You")
Ma Ju-lung (Nationalist general)
Ma Ju-lung (pinyin: Ma Rulong; Wade–Giles: Ma Ju-lung, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ  ژُﻮْ ﻟْﻮ) was a Chinese Muslim general of the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army), who served under Generals Ma Zhongying and Ma Hushan. He commanded the 1st Brigade.

Xiao'erjing
Xiao'erjing, Xiaorjing, Xiaojing or Benjing, is a Perso-Arabic script used to write Sinitic languages, including Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Northeastern Mandarin, and Dungan. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to Islam in China—mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang and the Salar—and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia. Orthographic reforms introduced the Latin script and later the Cyrillic script to the Dungan language, which continue to be used today.

Xiao'erjing is written from right to left, like other Perso-Arabic writing systems.

Xiao'erjing is unusual among Arabic script-based writing systems in that all vowels, long and short, are explicitly notated with diacritics, making it an abugida. Some other Arabic-based writing systems in China, such as the Uyghur Arabic alphabet, use letters and not diacritics to mark short vowels.
Luis Armando Córdova Díaz
Luis Armando Córdova Díaz (30 December 1968 – 13 May 2025) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

Córdova Díaz served in the Congress of Jalisco from 2010 to 2012. 
In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Jalisco's 16th district during the 62nd session of Congress.

Córdova Díaz was assassinated on 13 May 2025 inside a Starbucks in the Valle Real neighborhood of Zapopan, Jalisco. He was 56. The suspect was apprehended, captured and then arrested by the Federal Police and the Army which then took the suspect into custody and charged of Córdova's murder.

Zapopan
Zapopan (Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [saˈpopan]) is a city and municipality located in the Mexican state of Jalisco. It is part of the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. Zapopan is the most populous municipality in the state of Jalisco.

Zapopan is notable for the Basilica of Our Lady of Zapopan, which houses a 16th-century image of the Virgin Mary. The statue has been recognized by various popes and was visited by Pope John Paul II. The municipality is also home to the Centro Cultural Universitario as well as the Estadio Akron, C.D. Guadalajara's official stadium.

The name Zapopan means "among the sapote trees". It derives from the Nahuatl word tzapotl "sapote" with the addition of the locative suffix -pan. The municipality was historically known as 'ex Villa Maicera' (former corn village) due to its past prominence in corn production. The municipal seal, designed by José Trinidad Laris in 1941, commemorates the 400th anniversary of Zapopan's founding.
October 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake
The October 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake was a magnitude 7.5 earthquake that struck South Asia on 26 October 2015, at 13:39 AFT (14:09 PKT; 14:39 IST; 09:09 UTC) with the epicenter 45 km north of Kuran wa Munjan, Afghanistan, at a depth of 231.0 km.

By 5 November, it was estimated that at least 399 people were killed, mostly in Pakistan. Tremors were felt in Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Pakistan is located in one of the most earthquake active zones in the world. The earthquake was also felt in New Delhi, in both Pakistan's Azad Kashmir territory, and the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and as far as Lucknow and in the prefectures of Kashgar, Aksu, Hotan, and Kizilsu in Xinjiang, China while damage was also reported in Afghan capital Kabul. The earthquake was also felt in the Nepalese capital of Kathmandu.

Kashgar Prefecture
Kashgar Prefecture, also known as Kashi Prefecture, is a prefecture located in southwestern Xinjiang, China, located in the Tarim Basin region (roughly the southern half of Xinjiang). It has an area of 112,057 km2 (43,265 sq mi) and 4,496,377 inhabitants at the 2020 census with a population density of 35.5 inhabitants/km2. The capital of the prefecture is the city of Kashgar which has a population 506,640.

Kashgar Prefecture borders the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan, Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan, and Ladakh of India in the far south.
Ouakam Airfield
Ouakam Airfield, also known as Dakar-Ouakam Airfield (French: Base Aérienne 160 Dakar-Ouakam), was a French military airfield located near Ouakam, a suburb of Dakar, Senegal. It was established in 1920, serving as an important Armée de l'Air and French Naval Aviation Base during World War II in West Africa.

French Naval Aviation
French Naval Aviation (often abbreviated in French to: Aéronavale (contraction of Aéronautique navale), or Aviation navale, or more simply l'Aéro) is the naval air arm of the French Navy. The long-form official designation is Force maritime de l'aéronautique navale. Born as a fusion of aircraft carrier squadrons and the naval patrol air force, the Aéronavale was created in 1912. The force is under the command of a flag officer officially titled Admiral of Naval Aviation (ALAVIA) with his headquarters at Toulon naval base. It has a strength of around 6,800 military and civilian personnel. It operates from four airbases in Metropolitan France and several detachments in foreign countries or French overseas territories. Carrier-borne pilots of the French Navy do their initial training at Salon-de-Provence Air Base after which they undergo their carrier qualification with the US Navy.
Snakehead (Fringe)
"Snakehead" is the ninth episode of the second season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe. The episode followed the Fringe team's investigation into horrible deaths caused by large parasitic worms erupting from their victims' mouths. The case soon leads them to a Chinese gang and a black market of immunodeficiency medicinal drugs.

Co-executive producer David Wilcox wrote the episode, while Paul Holahan served as its director. Andrew Orloff, the episode's visual effects supervisor, strived to makes the parasitic worms look as real as possible with the help of the actors and camera angles. It featured one-time guest stars Tzi Ma, Colby Paul, Ingrid Torrance and Jack Yang.

"Snakehead" first aired on December 3, 2009, to an estimated 6.94 million viewers in the United States. Reviews of the episode were generally negative, as multiple critics expressed their dissatisfaction that little was learned about the series' overall mythology.

Jack J. Yang
Jack Jung-Kai Yang (simplified Chinese: 杨荣凯; traditional Chinese: 楊榮凱; pinyin: Yáng Róngkǎi) (born 1974) is an American-Canadian actor of Taiwanese ethnicity. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and currently resides in Los Angeles, California.
Hesperia colorado
Hesperia colorado, the American branded skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae.

It is found from in Eurasia and north-western Africa, coast to coast in North America in boreal and subalpine areas south as far as Colorado, hence the Latin name.

The wingspan is 22–30 mm. The flight period is from late June to mid-August in western North America and from late July to early September in eastern North America.

The larvae feed on species of Muhlenbergia, Stipa, Andropogon, and Lolium.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Elachista argentella
Elachista argentella is a moth of the family Elachistidae found in all of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula.

The wingspan is 11–12 millimetres (0.43–0.47 in). The head is white. Forewings are white, sometimes ochreous- tinged. Hindwings in male grey in female grey-whitish. The  larva is greenish-grey; dorsal line whitish;head pale brown.

The moth flies from May to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on a number of different species of grass including Agrostis, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromus erectus, Bromus sterilis, Calamagrostis epigejos, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Elymus hispidus, Elymus repens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca trachyphylla, Festuca valesiaca, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Koeleria glauca, Koeleria grandis, Koeleria macrantha, Leymus arenarius, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum and Poa pratensis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Thinopyrum intermedium
Thinopyrum intermedium, known commonly as intermediate wheatgrass, is a sod-forming perennial grass in the Triticeae tribe of Pooideae native to Europe and Western Asia. It is part of a group of plants commonly called wheatgrasses because of the similarity of their seed heads or ears to common wheat. However, wheatgrasses generally are perennial, while wheat is an annual.

Trials with intermediate wheatgrass, the product of which is trademarked by the Land Institute as "Kernza", show that it can be grown as a "multi-functional" crop, yielding various commodities as well as ecosystem services.  Whereas annuals such as corn tend to deplete soil organic matter and require inputs, a perennial grain such as intermediate wheatgrass can yield crops while building soil organic matter.
Sham Shui Po Night Market
Sham Shui Po Night Market, also known as Kweilin Night Market, refers to the temporary night market in Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong. It emerged during the Chinese New Year holiday in recent years and it is operated by hawkers who sell local street foods such as egg waffles, curry fish balls, steam vermicelli rolls and stinky tofu to festival goers. Since these hawkers are unlicensed, Sham Shui Po Night Market is considered illegal and therefore not tolerated by government authorities despite backlash from the supporting public. There is ongoing controversy over whether Sham Shui Po Night Market should be allowed to continue its operation or not.

Vermicelli
Vermicelli (/ˌvɜːrmɪˈtʃɛli, -ˈsɛli/, UK: /ˌvɛərmɪˈtʃɛli/; Italian: [vermiˈtʃɛlli]) is a type of pasta that is round in section, similar to spaghetti. In English-speaking regions, it is usually thinner than spaghetti, while in Italy it is thicker. It is typically made with semolina.
Paopi 3
Paopi 2 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 4

The third day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to September 30, of the Julian calendar, and October 13, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Akhet, the season of inundation.

Season of the Inundation
The Season of the Inundation or Flood (Akhet in Egyptian) (Ancient Egyptian: Ꜣḫt) was the first season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the intercalary month of Days over the Year (Ḥryw Rnpt) and before the Season of the Emergence (Prt). In the Coptic and Egyptian calendars this season begins at the start of the month of Thout (about 11 September), continues through the months of Paopi and Hathor, before concluding at the end of Koiak (about 8 January).: 453
German submarine U-3013
German submarine U-3013 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 18 August 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen, as yard number 1172. She was launched on 19 October 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Volker Simmermacher on 22 November 1944.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
A. S. M. Ridwanur Rahman
A. S. M. Ridwanur Rahman, awc, afwc, psc, G is a two-star general of the Bangladesh Army and the director general of the Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS). He previously served as the GOC of the 17th Infantry Division. Prior to that he was director General,  National Telecommunication Monitoring Centre. He has served as the commandant of Bangladesh Institute of Peace Support Operation Training (BIPSOT). Before serving at BIPSOT, he was the president of Bangladesh Army Sports Control Board.

Bangladesh Institute of Peace Support Operation Training
Bangladesh Institute of Peace Support Operation Training or BIPSOT is a military owned and operated institution that trains the Bangladeshi military and police personnel on peacekeeping in UN missions. It is located in Rajendrapur Cantonment, Gazipur, Bangladesh. It also trains military personnel of friendly nations.

Currently the commandant of BIPSOT is Major General Hussain Muhammad Masihur Rahman.
Geological shoulder
In geology, a geological shoulder or rift shoulder is an area of uplifted terrain resulting from the compensatory movement of large-scale tectonic processes. These features are distinct from reliefs caused by compressional tectonics, as they arise from extensional forces rather than compression.

Continental collision
In geology, continental collision is a phenomenon of plate tectonics that occurs at convergent boundaries. Continental collision is a variation on the fundamental process of subduction, whereby the subduction zone is destroyed, mountains produced, and two continents sutured together. Continental collision is only known to occur on Earth.

Continental collision is not an instantaneous event, but may take several tens of millions of years before the faulting and folding caused by collisions stops. The collision between India and Asia has been going on for about 50 million years already and shows no signs of abating.  Collision between East and West Gondwana to form the East African Orogen took about 100 million years from beginning (610 Ma) to end (510 Ma). The collision between Gondwana and Laurasia to form Pangea occurred in a relatively brief interval, about 50 million years long.