hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2010 McDonald's Burnie International
The 2010 McDonald's Burnie International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 8th edition of the tournament, and part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour and 2010 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Burnie, Australia, between 1 and 7 February 2010.

Arina Rodionova
Arina Ivanovna Rodionova (Russian: Арина Ивановна Родионова; born 15 December 1989) is a Russian-born Australian professional tennis player. On 5 February 2024, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 97. On 27 July 2015, she peaked at No. 41 in the doubles rankings.

Rodionova has won one WTA Tour and one WTA 125 doubles titles, and 16 singles and 42 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. In 2007, she won the Australian Open girls' doubles title, partnering Evgeniya Rodina.

Elder sister Anastasia is also a tennis professional, and the two sisters have intermittently contested doubles tournaments together with modest success. Their most notable achievement as a team came at the 2010 Malaysian Open, in which they reached the final before losing to Chan Yung-jan and Zheng Jie in a super tie-break.
Thomas Jefferis House
The Thomas Jefferis House is a historic building located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States.  Jefferis was a Delaware native who was a homeopathic physician.  He made and lost fortunes through his involvement in speculative ventures, including real estate and a silver mine in Utah.  The two-story frame Italianate structure was completed in 1869.  It features bracketed eaves, cornice, full length front porch, and siding that is scored to resemble ashlar.  It was originally capped with a belvedere, which has been lost.  The house is composed of three blocks.  It was converted into a funeral home in the 1940s, and it housed other businesses since.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Council Bluffs, Iowa
Council Bluffs is a city in and the county seat of Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States. Located on the east bank of the Missouri River, it sits across from Omaha, Nebraska. The city had a population of 62,799 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Iowa and the largest in Southwest Iowa. Council Bluffs is also a principal city in the Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area.

Until about 1853, Council Bluffs was known as Kanesville. Kanesville was the historic starting point of the Mormon Trail. Kanesville is also the northernmost anchor town of the other emigrant trails because there was a steam-powered boat which ferried the settlers' wagons and cattle across the Missouri River. In 1869, the first transcontinental railroad to California was connected to the existing U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs.
Gove's Rebellion
Gove's Rebellion was a short uprising in 1683 in the Province of New Hampshire, in which men of the towns of Exeter and Hampton took up arms against the Royal Governor, Edward Cranfield. The rebels were arrested while attempting to muster more rebels. The leader, Edward Gove, was sentenced to death for high treason, and shipped off to London for sentencing. He was pardoned three years later by James II and returned to New Hampshire. The rebellion took place during a period when many American colonists were rebelling against their respective provincial governments, including Bacon's Rebellion, Coode's Rebellion, Leisler's Rebellion, Culpeper's Rebellion, the Charter Oak Incident, and the Boston Revolt.

Edward Cranfield
Edward Cranfield (fl. 1680–1696) was an English colonial administrator.

Cranfield was governor of the Province of New Hampshire from 1682 to 1685, in an administration that was marked by hostility between Cranfield and the colonists.

Cranfield left New Hampshire in 1685 for Barbados, where he was appointed commissioner of customs, where he introduced a 4.5% tax on sugar exports, and sat on the council in the 1690s. He died c.1700 and is buried in Bath Cathedral.
Brother Rice High School (Michigan)
Brother Rice High School is a Catholic, all-boys, non-residential college prep school with approximately 600 students located in Bloomfield Township, Michigan, United States in Metro Detroit. The school shares a campus with the all-girls Marian High School, Saint Regis Parish and the K-8 Saint Regis School.

Metro Detroit
Metro Detroit is a major metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Michigan, consisting of the city of Detroit and over 200 municipalities in the surrounding area. There are varied definitions of the area, including the official statistical areas designated by the Office of Management and Budget, a federal agency of the United States.

Metro Detroit is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, popular music, food, cultural diversity, and sports. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches, with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes. Metro Detroit also has one of the largest metropolitan economies in the U.S. with 17 Fortune 500 companies.
Fossorial
A fossorial animal (from Latin  fossor 'digger') is one that is adapted to digging and which lives primarily (but not solely) underground. Examples of fossorial vertebrates are moles, badgers, naked mole-rats, meerkats, armadillos, wombats, and mole salamanders. Among invertebrates, many molluscs (e.g., clams), insects (e.g., beetles, wasps, bees), and arachnids (e.g. spiders) are fossorial.

Mole salamander
The mole salamanders (genus Ambystoma) are a group of advanced salamanders endemic to North America. The group has become famous due to the study of the axolotl (A. mexicanum) in research on paedomorphosis, and the tiger salamander (A. tigrinum, A. mavortium) which is often sold as a pet, and is the official amphibian of four US states.
Van Duzer Corridor AVA
Van Duzer Corridor is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Polk County, Oregon, established by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau on December 13, 2018, and effective January 14, 2019.
Van Duzer Corridor lies entirely within the established Willamette Valley AVA and covers approximately 59,871 acres (24,229 ha). When the petition was submitted there were 17 (now 18) commercially-producing vineyards covering a total of approximately 1,000 acres (400 ha), as well as six wineries (now 9), within the AVA.

The distinguishing features of the Van Duzer Corridor AVA are its topography, climate, and soils.

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, statutorily named the Tax and Trade Bureau and frequently shortened to TTB, is a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury, which regulates and collects taxes on trade and imports of alcohol, tobacco, and firearms within the United States.
Rice Consolidated Independent School District
Rice Consolidated Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Altair, Texas (USA).

In addition to Altair, the district serves the city of Eagle Lake, the communities of Garwood, Nada, and Sheridan, and portions of Rock Island, as well as rural areas in southern Colorado County.

The merger of the districts was done by a 467-19 vote in Eagle Lake and a 204-68 vote in Garwood.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Colorado County, Texas
Colorado County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,557. Its county seat is Columbus. It is named for the Colorado River of Texas. The county was founded in 1836 and organized the next year.
Contrareloj
Contrareloj ("Countdown" in English) is the second album by Argentine rock band Enanitos Verdes, released in 1986. Contrareloj was produced by Andrés Calamaro for CBS (now Sony). Popular tracks on the album include "La muralla verde," "Conciencia contra reloj," "Cada vez que digo adiós," and "Simulacro de tensión."

Andrés Calamaro
Andrés Calamaro (August 22, 1961) is an Argentine musician, composer and Latin Grammy winner. He is considered one of the greatest and most influential rock artists in Spanish. He is also one of the most complete artists for his wide range of musical styles, including funk, reggae, ballads, boleros, tangos and jazz. His former band Los Rodríguez was a major success in Spain and throughout Latin America mainly during the 1990s. He is multi-instrumentalist and became one of the main icons of Argentine rock, selling over 1.3 million records to date.
201 series
The 201 series (201系, 201-kei) was a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type introduced in 1979 by Japanese National Railways (JNR). It was operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) from 1987 until 2025 and East Japan Railway Company (JR East) from 1987 until 20 June 2011.

It was the first JNR train to use electronic chopper control.

Chopper (electronics)
In electronics, a chopper circuit is any of numerous types of electronic switching devices and circuits used in power control and signal applications. A chopper is a  device that converts fixed DC input to a variable DC output voltage directly. Essentially, a chopper is an electronic switch that is used to interrupt one signal under the control of another.

In power electronics applications, since the switching element is either fully on or fully off, its losses are low and the circuit can provide high efficiency. However, the current supplied to the load is discontinuous and may require smoothing or a high switching frequency to avoid undesirable effects.  In signal processing circuits, use of a chopper stabilizes a system against drift of electronic components; the original signal can be recovered after amplification or other processing by a synchronous demodulator that essentially un-does the "chopping" process.
Ernst Gustav Zaddach
Ernst Gustav Zaddach (7 June 1817, Danzig – 5 June 1881, Königsberg) was a German geologist and zoologist, who made contributions in the fields of carcinology and entomology. He is also known for his investigations of amber found in Samland (Baltic coast).

From 1836 to 1841 he studied sciences at the universities of Berlin and Bonn and later taught classes in natural history at the Collegium Fridericianum in Königsberg. In 1854 he became an associate professor, and in 1863 a full professor of zoology at the University of Königsberg. In 1862, he was appointed director of the zoological museum in Königsberg.

The amphipod species Gammarus zaddachi (Sexton, 1912) is named after him.

Carcinology
Carcinology, from Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos), meaning "crab", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study", is a branch of zoology that consists of the study of crustaceans. Crustaceans are a large traditional subphylum of arthropods classified by having a hard exoskeleton made of chitin or chitin and calcium, three body regions, and jointed, paired appendages. Crustaceans include lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, copepods, barnacles and crabs.  Most crustaceans are aquatic, but some can be terrestrial, sessile, or parasitic. Other names for carcinology are malacostracology, crustaceology, and crustalogy, and a person who studies crustaceans is a carcinologist or occasionally a malacostracologist, a crustaceologist, or a crustalogist.

The word carcinology derives from Greek καρκίνος, karkínos, "crab"; and -λογία, -logia.
Riders of Death Valley
Riders of Death Valley is a 1941 American Western film serial from Universal Pictures. It was a high budget serial with an all-star cast led by Dick Foran and Buck Jones. Ford Beebe and Ray Taylor directed. It also features Lon Chaney Jr. in a supporting role as a villainous henchman as well as Noah Beery Jr., Charles Bickford, Guinn "Big Boy" Williams, Monte Blue, Roy Barcroft, Richard Alexander and Glenn Strange.

Ford Beebe
Ford Ingalsbe Beebe (November 26, 1888 – November 26, 1978) was a screenwriter and director. He entered the film business as a writer around 1916 and over the next 60 years wrote and/or directed almost 200 films.

He specialized in B-movies – mostly Westerns – and action serials, working on the "Buck Rogers" and "Flash Gordon" serials for Universal Pictures.
Grignolino
Grignolino (Italian: [ɡriɲɲoˈliːno]) is a red Italian wine grape variety commonly grown in the Piedmont region. It makes light colored wines and rosés with very fruity aromas, strong acidity and tannins. The name Grignolino derives from the word grignole which means "many pips" in the local Piedmontese dialect of the Asti region. The abundance of pips, or seeds, contributes to the strong, bitter tannins associated with the wine. Modern winemakers try to avoid the excess tannins with gentle and slow pressings. Grignolino has three Denominazione di origine controllata (DOCs) that produce wine from it - Asti, Monferrato Casale, and Piemonte Grignolino.

Aroma of wine
The aromas of wine are more diverse than its flavours. The human tongue is limited to the primary tastes perceived by taste receptors on the tongue – sourness, bitterness, saltiness, sweetness and savouriness. The wide array of fruit, earthy, leathery, floral, herbal, mineral, and woodsy flavour present in wine are derived from aroma notes sensed by the olfactory bulb. In wine tasting, wine is sometimes smelled before taking a sip in order to identify some components of the wine that may be present. Different terms are used to describe what is being smelled. The most basic term is aroma which generally refers to a "pleasant" smell as opposed to odour which refers to an unpleasant smell or possible wine fault. The term aroma may be further distinguished from bouquet which generally refers to the smells that arise from the chemical reactions of fermentation and aging of the wine.
Epping Forest Keepers
The Epping Forest Keepers are an ancient and historic body of people who are employed by the City of London, who in return are responsible, on behalf of the Conservators, for the management and care of Epping Forest, which covers approximately ten square miles of forest, bridleway, woodland and recreational space stretching from Forest Gate in Greater London, north to North Weald in Essex. The forest is managed by the City of London Corporation and is one of many open spaces that comes under their control that is outside the City of London that are maintained by the Corporation of London at no expense to the taxpayer.

Court of Common Council
The Court of Common Council is the primary decision-making body of the City of London Corporation. It meets nine times per year. Most of its work is carried out by committees. Elections are held at least every four years. It is largely composed of independent members although the number of Labour Party Common Councilmen in 2017 grew to five out of a total of 100. In October 2018, the Labour Party gained its sixth seat on the Common Council with a by-election victory in Castle Baynard ward.
The most recent election was in 2025.
Kawaleria Powietrzna
Kawaleria Powietrzna is a Polish documentary TV series, with 26 episodes produced for Telewizja Polska in 2000. Broadcast by the TVP2 channel, it shows military training of freshmen in 25th Aeromobile Cavalry Brigade in Tomaszów Mazowiecki.

The series has caused controversy in Poland over the use of vulgarisms and harsh training methods.

TVP2
TVP2 (TVP Dwa, Telewizja Polska 2, Program Drugi Telewizji Polskiej, "Dwójka") is a Polish public mainstream TV channel operated by TVP. Launched in October 1970, its varied line-up contains a variety of programming (documentary, history, talk-shows, game-shows) although it focuses on entertainment: stand up comedy, comic shows, cabaret, and themed talk shows (for example on travel or foreign cultures).

TVP2 is broadcast as part of the nationwide, unencrypted (free-to-air) third multiplex of digital terrestrial television (MUX 3). It is also available on all cable networks and satellite digital platforms in accordance with the so-called must-carry rule—a provision in the Broadcasting and Television Act requiring every television operator to offer seven specific channels: TVP1, TVP2, and TVP3, as well as four commercial ones – TVN, Polsat, TV4, and TV Puls.

TVP2 can also be watched for free online through services such as TVP VOD and TVP GO.
Ivica Grlić
Ivica "Ivo" Grlić (born 6 August 1975) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He served as sporting director for MSV Duisburg.

Grlić was a free kick specialist, scoring a large number of goals from standards, both for his clubs and for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team. In 2007, he announced retirement from international football, to concentrate on playing for his club.

MSV Duisburg
Meidericher Spielverein 02 e. V. Duisburg, commonly known as simply MSV Duisburg (German pronunciation: [ʔɛm ʔɛs faʊ ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k]), is a German association football club based in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. Nicknamed Die Zebras for their traditional striped jerseys, the club was one of the original members of the Bundesliga when it was formed in 1963.
Klaus Wowereit
Klaus Wowereit (born 1 October 1953) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and was the Governing Mayor of Berlin from 21 October 2001 to 11 December 2014. In 2001 state elections his party won a plurality of the votes, 29.7%. He served as President of the Bundesrat (the fourth highest office in Germany) in 2001/02. His SPD-led coalition was re-elected in the 2006 elections; after the 2011 elections the SPD's coalition partner changed from the Left to the Christian Democratic Union. He was also sometimes mentioned as a possible SPD candidate for the Chancellorship of Germany (Kanzlerkandidatur), but that never materialized.

Plurality (voting)
A plurality vote (in North American English) or relative majority (in British English) describes the circumstance when a party, candidate, or proposition polls more votes than any other but does not receive a majority or more than half of all votes cast.

For example, if from 100 votes that were cast,  45 were for candidate A, 30 were for candidate B and 25 were for candidate C, then candidate A received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some election contests, the winning candidate or proposition may need only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.
Mkama Ndume
Mkama Ndume Ruins (Magofu ya mji wa kale wa Mkama Ndume in Swahili )  was a medieval Swahili  settlement palace ruins located in Chake Chake District of Pemba South Region that was abandoned in the 16th Century prior to Portuguese arrival and is known for its fortification. The site is located 10 km (6.2 mi) east of the town of Chake-Chake . The settlement was ruled by a leader named Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman, who was known for his cruelty towards his subjects thus earned his infamous nickname Mkama Ndume meaning milker of men in old Swahili. The settlement ruins bear this nickname.

Pemba South Region
Pemba South Region or South Pemba Region (Swahili: Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini) is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania, covering an area of 332 km2 (128 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation-state of Grenada. The administrative region is located entirely on Pemba island. Pemba South Region is bordered to the south by Indian Ocean, north by Pemba North Region and the west by the Pemba Channel. The regional capital is Chake-Chake. The region has the fifth-highest HDI in the country, making one of the most developed regions in the country. The region has the highest standard of living on Pemba Island. According to the 2022 census, the region has a total population of 271,350.
Ella Ungermann
Ella Christoffersen Ungermann (1891–1921) was a Danish stage actress. While working as a secretary, without any formal training she made her debut in April 1909 in Copenhagen's Odd Fellows Palæet in a semi-private performance of Hønsegaarden. After two years at Odense Teater, she moved back to Copenhagen where she was engaged by the Royal Danish Theatre in 1914. Enjoying considerable success for several years, she committed suicide in September 1921, a few days after playing Leonora in Holberg's Det lykkelige Skibbrud.

Odd Fellows Mansion, Copenhagen
The Odd Fellows Mansion (Danish: Odd Fellow Palæet) is a Rococo town mansion in Copenhagen, Denmark, named after the local branch of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows which acquired the building in 1900. Before that, it was known as the Berckentin and later the Schimmelmann Mansion after its successive owners.

The Building is located on Bredgade, opposite Dronningens Tværgade for which it serves as a point de vue. It houses a concert hall which is open to the public.
Epistemic modal logic
Epistemic modal logic is a subfield of modal logic that is concerned with reasoning about knowledge.  While epistemology has a long philosophical tradition dating back to Ancient Greece, epistemic logic is a much more recent development with applications in many fields, including philosophy, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, economics, and linguistics.  While philosophers since Aristotle have discussed modal logic, and Medieval philosophers such as Avicenna, Ockham, and Duns Scotus developed many of their observations, it was C. I. Lewis who created the first symbolic and systematic approach to the topic, in 1912.  It continued to mature as a field, reaching its modern form in 1963 with the work of Saul Kripke.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.
Koriabo
Koriabo is a community in the Barima-Waini region of Guyana, standing at an altitude of 36 metres. Barima and Koriba form an Amerindian community which is mainly inhabited by Warao people with a minority of Arawak and Kalina people.

Dutch plantations were established in the area in the 1760s. Koriabo was established as a mission in 1946. The economy is based on subsistence farming. Gold mining in the area is threatening the water supply.

Arawak
The Arawak are a group of Indigenous peoples of northern South America and the Caribbean. The term "Arawak" has been applied at various times to different Indigenous groups, from the Lokono of South America to the Taíno (Island Arawaks), who lived in the Greater Antilles and northern Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. All these groups spoke related Arawakan languages.
Forester Pass
Forester Pass is a mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada. Located on the Kings-Kern Divide and on the boundary between Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon National Park, Forester Pass connects the drainages of Bubbs Creek (a tributary of the South Fork Kings River) and the Kern River. The pass is traversed by the John Muir Trail and the Pacific Crest Trail, which are coincident between Crabtree Meadows and Tuolumne Meadows. At 13,153 feet (4,009 m), Forester Pass is the highest point along the Pacific Crest Trail. It is also the southernmost of the six high mountain passes above 11,000 feet along the John Muir Trail, with (in order from north to south)  Donohue Pass, Muir Pass, Mather Pass, Pinchot Pass, and Glen Pass.

The PCT/JMT ascends the pass gradually from the north and switchbacks precipitously down its sheer southern side.

Horseshoe curve
A horseshoe curve is a class of climbing curve in a roadbed that reverses turn direction (inflection) twice on either side of a single tight curve that varies through an angle of about 180 degrees or more.

Such curves are more commonly found in a railway line but are also used in roads.  The characteristic U shape, or even slight balloon shape, of such a curve resembles a horseshoe. On roadways, particularly tight versions of such curves are typically called hairpin turns.