hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A. Starker Leopold
Aldo Starker Leopold (October 22, 1913 – August 23, 1983) was an American author, forester, zoologist and conservationist. Leopold served as a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, for thirty years within the Zoology, Conservation, and Forestry departments. Throughout his life, Leopold was a public face for science. He was active in numerous wildlife and conservation groups and made significant research contributions in ornithology, mammalogy, and wildlife ecology. Leopold is notable for his ecosystem management paper, the Leopold Report, and his considerable presence in some of the most controversial wildlife issues, including national park wildlife policy, predator control, wildlife refuge, and fire policy.

California Academy of Sciences
The California Academy of Sciences is a research institute and natural history museum in San Francisco, California, that is among the largest museums of natural history in the world, housing over 46 million specimens. The academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research. The institution is located in Golden Gate Park on the West Side of San Francisco.

Completely rebuilt in 2008, the academy's primary building in Golden Gate Park covers 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2). In early 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the California Academy of Sciences had around 500 employees and an annual revenue of about $33 million.
Birla Institute of Technology (Polytechnic), Kolkata
Birla Institute of Technology (BIT)  is an Engineering and Technology College in the state of West Bengal and Is located in Kolkata, near the university of Rabindra Bharati and the Calcutta University Department of Economics. The college is affiliated to WBSCTE and AICTE, approved by UGC. The college offers Engineering Courses in Electrical, Electronics & Instrumentation, Mechanical, Electronics & tele-Communication engineering, and Packaging technology & Science (Chemical Engineering).

Rabindra Bharati University
Rabindra Bharati University is a public research university in Kolkata, India. It was founded on 8 May 1962, under the Rabindra Bharati Act of the Government of West Bengal in 1961, to mark the birth centenary of the poet Rabindranath Tagore. It is located at the Tagore family home, Jorasanko Thakur Bari. The university offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in Performing Arts and Visual Arts under the Faculty of Fine Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences and other subjects under the Faculty of Arts.

The current Vice-Chancellor of the university is Sonali Chakravarti Banerjee.
Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism, University of Buenos Aires
The Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism (Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo; FADU) is a faculty of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA), the largest university in Argentina. Established in 1901 as the School of Architecture, it has since expanded to impart courses on graphic design and urbanism.

Most of the faculty's facilities are located at Pabellón III of the Ciudad Universitaria complex, the UBA's only centralized campus, in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of Núñez. As of 2011, it was the third-largest faculty at UBA, with 25,748 regular students.

Faculty (division)
A faculty or academic division is an academic and administrative unit within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, schools, or departments, with universities occasionally using a mixture of terminology, e.g., Harvard University has a Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a Law School.
Friedrich Bechtel
Friedrich Bechtel (2 February 1855, in Durlach – 9 March 1924, in Halle an der Saale) was a German philologist and linguist of Indo-European languages, known for his research of Greek dialects.

He studied languages at the University of Göttingen, where his influences included philologists Theodor Benfey and August Fick. In 1878, he obtained his habilitation for comparative linguistics at Göttingen, becoming an associate professor in 1884. From 1881 onward, he was editor of the journal Göttingschen Gelehrten Anzeigen. In 1895, he was appointed professor of comparative linguistics at the University of Halle.

Comparative linguistics
Comparative linguistics is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.

Genetic relatedness implies a common origin or proto-language and comparative linguistics aims to construct language families, to reconstruct proto-languages and specify the changes that have resulted in the documented languages. To maintain a clear distinction between attested and reconstructed forms, comparative linguists prefix an asterisk to any form that is not found in surviving texts. A number of methods for carrying out language classification have been developed, ranging from simple inspection to computerised hypothesis testing. Such methods have gone through a long process of development.
Metropolitan New York Library Council
The Metropolitan New York Library Council (METRO) is a non-profit organization that specializes in providing research, programming, and organizational tools for libraries, archives, and museums in the New York metropolitan area. The council was founded in 1964 under the Education Law of the State of New York.

Member institutions include the Brooklyn Public Library, City University of New York Libraries, Columbia University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Mercy College, Museum of Modern Art, New York Botanical Garden, New York Public Library, New York University, Queens Public Library, Rockefeller University, Westchester Library System, Sotheby's Institute of Art, Scholastic, Inc., and UNICEF.

Westchester Library System
Westchester Library System (WLS) is the library system for the residents of Westchester County, New York. It was established in 1958. The system has 38 public libraries across the county and its headquarters are located in the town of Greenburgh, near Elmsford.
The Sell Out (The Avengers)
"The Sell Out" is the ninth episode of the second series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee. It was first broadcast by ABC on 24 November 1962. The episode was directed by Don Leaver and written by Brandon Brady and Anthony Terpiloff.

Spy-fi (subgenre)
Spy-fi is a subgenre of spy fiction that includes elements of science fiction, and is often associated with the Cold War. Features of spy-fi include the effects of technology on the espionage trade and the technological gadgets used by the characters, even though the technologies and gadgets portrayed are well beyond contemporary scientific reality.
Çankaya, Mazıdağı
Çankaya (Kurdish: Qêmêzê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Dimilî tribe and had a population of 61 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
16S rRNA (cytosine1407-C5)-methyltransferase
16S rRNA (cytosine1407-C5)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.178, RNA m5C methyltransferase YebU, RsmF, YebU) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:16S rRNA (cytosine1407-C5)-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1407 in 16S rRNA  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1407 in 16S rRNA

The enzyme specifically methylates cytosine1407 at C5 in 16S rRNA.

5-Methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine (5mC, m5C) is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (C) that regulates gene transcription and takes several other biological roles. When cytosine is methylated, the DNA maintains the same sequence, but the expression of methylated genes can be altered (the study of this is part of the field of epigenetics). 5-Methylcytosine is incorporated in the nucleoside 5-methylcytidine.
University Avenue (Minneapolis–Saint Paul)
University Avenue is a street that runs through both Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. It begins near the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul and extends westward into neighboring Minneapolis, where it passes the University of Minnesota, and then turns north to pass through several suburbs before its main portion ends in Blaine, Minnesota, although there are stretches of road designated as University Avenue that are north of the Blaine terminus, the final stretch ending near Andree, Minnesota. For many years, the road carried U.S. Highway 12 and U.S. Highway 52 (at least for part of its length), and University Avenue is still a significant thoroughfare in the area.

Andree, Minnesota
Andree is an unincorporated community in Stanchfield Township, Isanti County, Minnesota, United States.

Isanti County Road 4 and State Highway 65 (MN 65) are two of the main routes in the community.

Nearby places include Braham, Stanchfield, Coin, Brunswick, and Rice Creek Wildlife Management Area.
Bāriqī-Robin-Nāʿiṭ 1
Bāriqī-Robin-Nāʿiṭ 1 or The elephants inscription is a fragmentary pre-Islamic Arabian inscription discovered at Nāʿiṭ, about 50 km north of Ṣanʿāʾ, in Yemen. The text, carved in relief in Sabaic, dates to the reign of King Abraha (r. c. 532/535–570 CE) of the Himyarite Kingdom. It was first published in 2025 by Zāhir ʿĀṭif al-Bāriqī and Christian J. Robin.
The fragment consists of nine incomplete lines, broken on both the right and left sides. Although its exact purpose is uncertain, it is of exceptional interest because it mentions Abraha by name and contain the first epigraphic reference to elephants (ʾlfl) in South Arabia. It has attracted scholarly attention because of a reference to elephants, which has been discussed in connection with an event known in Islamic tradition as the Year of the Elephant, an Aksumite attack on the city of Mecca that used war elephants.

South Arabia
South Arabia (Arabic: جنوب الجزيرة العربية), or Greater Yemen, is a historical region that consists of the southern region of the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia, mainly centered in what is now the Republic of Yemen, yet it historically included Najran, Jazan, and Asir, which are presently in Saudi Arabia, and Dhofar of present-day Oman.

South Arabia is inhabited by people possessing distinctive linguistic and ethnic affinities, as well as traditions and culture, transcending recent political boundaries. There are two indigenous language groups: the now extinct Old South Arabian languages and the unrelated Modern South Arabian languages, both members of the Semitic family.
Cuisine of Swansea
The cuisine of Swansea (Welsh: Abertawe) is based on the city's long history and the influence of the surrounding regions of Gower, Carmarthenshire, and Glamorgan, Wales. The city has a long maritime, industrial, and academic tradition, and people from many different parts of the world have lived, studied, and worked in the city. The city's distinctive cuisine is based on the ingredients and foods that are associated with the city and the wider region.

Swansea Castle
Swansea Castle (Welsh: Castell Abertawe) is located in the city centre of Swansea, Wales, UK. It was founded by Henry de Beaumont in 1107 as the caput of the lordship of Gower. The castle is now ruined and only two blocks remain, though the site has been improved in the 2010s for use as a public space.
Ukrainian Marine Corps
The Ukrainian Marine Corps (Ukrainian: Корпус морської піхоти України, lit. 'Corps of maritime infantry of Ukraine'), also known simply as the Ukrainian Marines (Ukrainian: Морська піхота України, romanized: Morska pikhota Ukrainy, lit. 'Marine Infantry of Ukraine'), is the maritime land force service branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since 2023, responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations. From its modern foundation in 1993 up to 2023 it constituted part of the Coastal Forces of the Ukrainian Navy. It is used as a component part of amphibious, airborne and amphibious-airborne operations, alone or in coordination with formations and units of the Ground Forces in order to capture parts of the seashore, islands, ports, fleet bases, coast airfields and other coast objects from the enemy. It can also be used to defend naval bases, vital shoreline areas, separate islands and coast objects, and security of hostile areas.

2A36 Giatsint-B
The 2A36 Giatsint-B (Russian: Гиацинт; "Hyacinth")  is a Soviet towed 152 mm (6.0 in) field gun which entered service in 1976, replacing the 130 mm (5.1 in) M-46 field gun.

The 2A36 has the longest range of any Soviet or Russian 152 mm caliber artillery fielded since the mid-20th century, with a range of 40 km (25 mi) with rocket-assisted projectiles (RAP), while its only outranged by the 203 mm (8.0 in) 2S7 Pion with RAP rounds.

While some guns were exported to Iraq, Finland, and Lebanon, most are in service with the former Soviet republics, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, and Ukraine and used in local conflicts.
Haidar Khan
Haidar Khan (died c. 1925?) was the leader of one of the Bakhtiari tribes in Iran in 1924 and a main character in the documentary Grass.

Haidar Khan's then nine-year-old son, Lufta, was interviewed by author Bahman Maghsoudlou in 1990 and authenticated the events depicted in the movie shot in 1924.

According to Lufta, Haidar Khan contracted yellow fever the following year and died as a result.

Bakhtiari people
The Bakhtiari (also spelled Bakhtiyari; Persian: بختیاری) are a Lur tribe from Iran. They speak the Bakhtiari dialect of the Luri language.

Bakhtiaris primarily inhabit Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and eastern Khuzestan, Lorestan, Bushehr, and Isfahan provinces. Bakhtiari tribes have an especially large population concentration in the cities of Masjed Soleyman, Izeh, Shahr-e Kord, and Andika, and the surrounding villages.

A small percentage of Bakhtiari are still nomadic pastoralists, migrating between summer quarters (sardsīr or yaylāq) and winter quarters (garmsīr or qishlāq).
Anguilla national football team
The Anguilla national football team represents Anguilla (British overseas territory) in men's international football, which is governed by the Anguilla Football Association founded in 1990. It has been a member of FIFA since 1996, an associate member of CONCACAF since 1994 and becoming a full member in 1996. Regionally, it is a member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Anguilla has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup and the CONCACAF Gold Cup, but has participated four times in League C of the CONCACAF Nations League, achieving its first victory in the 2024–25 edition.

Anguilla's debut in international competitions was in the 1991 Caribbean Cup qualifying tournament. Their first appearance in World Cup qualifiers was in the 2002 CONCACAF qualification. The team achieved its first victory in 2000, defeating British Virgin Islands 4–3.

Anguilla
Anguilla is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin. The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla, approximately 16 miles (26 kilometres) long by 3 miles (5 km) wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The territory's capital is The Valley. The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles (91 km2), with a population of approximately 15,753 in 2021.
Boxing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Welterweight
The men's welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1972 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 67 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 28 August to 10 September 1972. 37 boxers from 37 nations competed.

Vartex Parsanian
Vartex Parsanian (Persian: وارتکس پارسانیان, born August 7, 1952) is an Iranian Armenian boxer who was a member of Iran senior national Boxing team participating at the 1974 Asian Games in Tehran, in the 75 kg division.
In Tehran 1974, Parsanian lost on points to Kim from Korea, in the semifinal, and won the bronze medal of the 75 kg boxing division.
Edward M. Bowles
Edward Manson "Big" Bowles (August 10, 1871 – March 11, 1896) was an American college football player and coach who played for Dartmouth College and coached at Bates College.

Bowles was a starting guard for the Dartmouth football team from 1893 to 1895. He competed in the hammer throw for the track and field team at Dartmouth during his sophomore year. During his final season at Dartmouth, in 1895, Bowles was also the head football coach at Bates College. He died at his home in Lebanon, New Hampshire on March 11, 1896 from appendicitis.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Glen Wilson (squash)
Glen Wilson (born 26 March 1971 in Upper Hutt, New Zealand) is a New Zealand squash coach and former professional player.

As a player, Wilson was a three-time New Zealand national champion, and reached a career-high ranking of World No. 24.

He won a mixed doubles bronze medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games (partnering Sarah Cook), a mixed doubles gold medal at the 2002 Commonwealth Games (partnering Leilani Joyce), and a mixed doubles silver medal at the 2004 World Doubles Squash Championships (partnering Shelley Kitchen).

2021 - 2025 Head coach at Howick Squash Club in Auckland.

2022 Head Coach for NZ Squash team at Birmingham Commonwealth Games.  The team one 3 Gold Medals.

2022 Inducted into NZ Squash Hall of Fame

2025 - Head Squash Professional at Cincinnati Squash Academy

Of Māori descent, Wilson affiliates to the Waikato iwi, based in Waikato Region, in New Zealand's North Island.

World Squash Doubles Championships
The World Squash Doubles Championship was held in North America from 1981 until 1987 when it was sanctioned by the International Squash Racquets Federation.  It was then held bi-ennially from 1994 as the World Hardball Doubles. There has also been a separate World Softball Doubles held under WSF rules, which require double pairs to be made up of two players from the same country. The WSF event has been held since 1997.
Sven Authorsen
Sven Authorsen (born 5 June 1967) is a German former competitive ice dancer. With Saskia Stähler, he is a two-time German national champion (1990–91). They qualified for the free dance at two European Championships, placing as high as 13th (1991), and also at the 1991 World Championships. Authorsen later competed with Yvonne Schulz.

Authorsen is a specialist in orthopedics and trauma surgery and has worked for the Deutsche Eislauf-Union.

1991 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1991 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Sofia, Bulgaria on 22–27 January 1991. Elite skaters from European ISU member nations competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Carnahan House (Pine Bluff, Arkansas)
The Carnahan House is a historic house at 1200 South Laurel Street in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.  Built in 1919, it is a high-quality example of Craftsman and Tudor Revival styling, designed by Mitchell Seligman, a prolific local architect.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story brick structure, with a side gable roof and a front-facing cross gable with half-timber stucco.  The property includes a garage and guesthouse, also designed by Seligman.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Pine Bluff is a city in Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 41,253 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Arkansas.

Pine Bluff is situated in the southeast section of the Arkansas Delta and straddles the Arkansas Timberlands region to its west. Its topography is flat with wide expanses of farmland, similar to other places in the Delta Lowlands. Pine Bluff has numerous creeks, streams, and bayous, including Bayou Bartholomew, the longest bayou in the world and the second most ecologically diverse stream in the United States. Large bodies of water include Lake Pine Bluff, Lake Langhofer (Slack Water Harbor), and the Arkansas River.
Vitamin D toxicity
Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D. The normal range for blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). Blood levels necessary to cause adverse effects in adults are thought to be greater than about 150 ng/mL, leading the Endocrine Society to suggest an upper limit for safety of 100 ng/mL.

International unit
In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances. International units are used to quantify vitamins and biologics (hormones, some medications, vaccines, blood products and similar biologically active substances).

International units as used in pharmacology are not part of the International System of Units (SI).
Melchor de Navarra, Duke of Palata
Don Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull, jure uxoris Duke of Palata, Prince of Massalubrense (sometimes Melchor de Navarra y Rocaful; 1626 – April 13, 1691) was a Spanish politician. From November 20, 1681 to August 15, 1689 he was viceroy of Peru.

Callao
Callao (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈʝa.o]) is a seaside city and constitutional province in Peru. Located next to the Pacific Ocean, it forms part of the Lima metropolitan area alongside Lima province. Its autonomous status dates back to 1836, when it was declared a Littoral Province of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, after which it was declared a Constitutional Province by the government of Ramón Castilla in 1857.

Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport. Founded in 1537 by the Spaniards, the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Spanish America and the Pacific, having been a vital Spanish town of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Central Callao is about 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the Historic Centre of Lima.
Carta Caritatis
Carta Caritatis (transl.  Charter of Charity) is the constitution of the Cistercian Order. The document, approbated in 1119 by Pope Calixtus II, regulates relations among the Cistercian abbeys. The text was continually revised and adapted until 1155. In terms of canon law, the Carta Caritatis is a document of unprecedented significance, since it introduced the systematic regulations that made a group of monks at Cîteaux into the first religious order in Church history. It is held in high esteem as a legal monument of great influence.

Religious institute
In the Catholic Church, a religious institute is "a society in which members, according to proper law, pronounce public vows, either perpetual or temporary which are to be renewed, however, when the period of time has elapsed, and lead a life of brothers or sisters in common."

A religious institute is one of the two types of institutes of consecrated life; the other is the secular institute, where its members are "living in the world". Religious institutes come under the jurisdiction of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life.