hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regulation and prevalence of homeopathy
Homeopathy is fairly common in some countries while being uncommon in others. In some countries, there are no specific legal regulations concerning the use of homeopathy, while in others, licenses or degrees in conventional medicine from accredited universities are required.

Homeopathic preparations are not effective for treating any condition. Scientists and evidence based medical practitioners consider homeopathy a sham or a pseudoscience, and the mainstream medical community regards it as quackery.

Quackery
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.
Havik (surname)
Havik or Håvik is a surname of Dutch origin, meaning goshawk. Notable people with the surname include:

Doris Håvik (1924–2009), Swedish politician

Ingrid Helene Håvik (born 1987), Norwegian songwriter and vocalist

Martin Havik (born 1955), Dutch former road and track cyclist

Mieke Havik (born 1957), former road cyclist from the Netherlands.

Piotr Havik (born 1994), Dutch racing cyclist

Yoeri Havik (born 1991), Dutch cyclist riding for SEG Racing

Ingrid Helene Håvik
Ingrid Helene Håvik (born 1987 in Ålesund, Norway) is a Norwegian songwriter and vocalist. She is best known as the lead singer of Highasakite but has also released a solo album under the artist name Ingrid.
Sidney Lewine
Sidney Lewine (March 31, 1915 – July 1, 2004) was director of the former Mount Sinai Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio.  Lewine founded the first inpatient psychiatric unit and rehabilitation division in the nation in 1960. He was president of the Greater Cleveland Hospital Association from 1969 to 1972.

Drug rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines. The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and stop substance misuse to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and medical consequences that can be caused.

Treatment includes medication for comorbidities, counseling by experts, and sharing of experience with other recovering individuals.
Khuseleka mine
The Khuseleka mine is a large underground mine located in the north-western part of South Africa in Rustenburg, North West. Khuseleka represents one of the largest platinum reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 10.2 million oz of platinum. The mine produces around 130,000 oz of platinum/year.

Ounce
The  ounce (/ˈaʊns/) is any of several different units of mass, weight, or volume and is derived almost unchanged from the uncia, an Ancient Roman unit of measurement.

The avoirdupois ounce (exactly 28.349523125 g) is 1⁄16 avoirdupois pound; this is the United States customary and British imperial ounce. It is primarily used in the United States.

Although the avoirdupois ounce is the mass measure used for most purposes, the 'troy ounce' of exactly 31.1034768 g is used instead for the mass of precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc.

The term 'ounce' is also used in other contexts:

The ounce-force is a measure of force (see below).

The fluid ounce is a measure of volume.

Historically, a variety of different ounces measuring mass or volume were used in different jurisdictions by different trades and at different times in history.
Noel Murphy (rugby union, born 1904)
Noel Francis Murphy (27 December 1904 – 6 November 1987) was an Ireland rugby union international. His son Noel Jr and his grandson Kenny were also Ireland internationals. Murphy also played club rugby for Cork Constitution. Between 1930 and 1933 he won 11 caps playing as a flanker. Murphy made his international debut on 8 February 1930 in a 4–3 win against England at Lansdowne Road. He made his last appearance for Ireland on 11 February 1933, again against England, in a 17–6 defeat at Twickenham. Murphy coached the Ireland squad on their 1961 tour of South Africa when the touring party also included his son Noel Jr. He was born and died in County Cork, Ireland.

Lansdowne Road
Lansdowne Road Stadium (Irish: Bóthar Lansdún, IPA: [ˈbˠoːhəɾˠ ˈl̪ˠan̪ˠsˠd̪ˠuːn̪ˠ]) was a stadium in Dublin owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) that was primarily used for rugby union and association football matches. The stadium was demolished in 2007 to make way for the Aviva Stadium on the same site, which opened in 2010.

The stadium took its name from the adjacent street, Lansdowne Road.
2016 Gimcheon Open ATP Challenger – Doubles
Li Zhe and Jose Statham were the defending champions, but Statham chose not to defend his title. Li partnered Yi Chu-huan instead. Li lost in the first round to Kwon Soon-woo and Lee Duck-hee.

Hsieh Cheng-peng and Yang Tsung-hua won the title by a walkover following the withdrawal of Nicolás Barrientos and Ruben Gonzales in the final.

Yang Tsung-hua
Yang Tsung-hua (Chinese: 楊宗樺; born 29 March 1991) is a Taiwanese professional tennis player. On the junior circuit, Yang reached a career-high combined ranking of No. 1 in 2008, when he won the French Open singles title against Polish player Jerzy Janowicz in two sets, and the Australian Open and Wimbledon doubles titles alongside Hsieh Cheng-peng.
Haemadin
In molecular biology, haemadin is an anticoagulant peptide synthesised by the Indian leech, Haemadipsa sylvestris.
It adopts a secondary structure consisting of five short beta-strands (beta1-beta5), which are arranged in two antiparallel distorted sheets formed by strands beta1-beta4-beta5 and beta2-beta3 facing each other. This beta-sandwich is stabilised by six enclosed cysteines arranged in a [1-2, 3-5, 4-6] disulfide pairing resulting in a disulfide-rich hydrophobic core that is largely inaccessible to bulk solvent. The close proximity of disulfide bonds [3-5] and [4-6] organises haemadin into four distinct loops. The N-terminal segment of this domain binds to the active site of thrombin, inhibiting it.

Haemadin (MEROPS I14.002) belongs to a superfamily (MEROPS IM) of protease inhibitors that also includes hirudin (MEROPS I14.001) and antistasin (MEROPS I15).

Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a R−S−S−R′ functional group or the S2−2 anion. In inorganic chemistry, the anion appears in a few rare minerals. Compounds of the form R−S−S−H are usually called persulfides instead.

Disulfide bridges also appear as a common post-translational modification in proteins.
Iris caucasica
Iris caucasica (also known as Caucasian iris) is a species of plant in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Scorpiris. Pronounced as 'kaw-KAS-ee-kuh'.

It is a bulbous perennial.

It was described in 1808 by Georg Hoffman in Commentat. Soc. Phys.-Med. Univ. Litt. Caes. Mosq.

It was once confused with Iris orchioides, but Iris caucasica is a smaller plant, with sessile flowers. Also it has leaves that have white margins.

Iris caucasica is an accepted name by the Royal Horticultural Society.

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Josane Sigart
Josane Sigart (French pronunciation: [ʒɔzan siɡaʁ]; 7 January 1909 – 20 August 1999) was a Belgian tennis player who was active in the 1930s.
In 1928, she won the singles title at the Belgian Championships and would repeat this success in 1929, 1931, 1932, 1936 and 1946.
In 1932, she won the Wimbledon Championships in woman's doubles with the Doris Metaxa and reached the mixed-doubles final with Harry Hopman. This made her the first Belgian winner of any Grand Slam title and she remained the sole Belgian to do so for over 70 years until Justine Henin won the women’s singles at the 2003 French Open.

In 1932, she was ranked world No. 10 by A. Wallis Myers.

A. Wallis Myers
Arthur Wallis Myers CBE (24 July 1878 – 17 June 1939) was an English tennis correspondent, editor, author and player. He was one of the leading tennis journalists of the first half of the 20th century.
Östergötland Runic Inscription 77
Östergötland Runic Inscription 77 or Ög 77 is the Rundata catalog designation for a Viking Age memorial runestone located at Hovgården (Hov Synod), which is seven kilometers north of Väderstad, Östergötland County, Sweden, and in the historic province of Östergötland.

Runestone
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition of erecting runestones as a memorial to dead men began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but the majority of the extant runestones date from the late Viking Age. While most of these are located in Scandinavia, particularly Sweden, there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off.
Joe Davenport
Joseph Jonathan Davenport (born March 24, 1976) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for two seasons. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1999 and the Colorado Rockies in 2001.

Davenport attended Santana High School in Santee, California and helped the school's baseball team win a California Interscholastic Federation championship in 1994.

A single for Colorado in his only turn at-bat left Davenport with a rare MLB career batting average of 1.000.

California Interscholastic Federation
The California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) is the governing body for high school sports in the U.S. state of California. CIF membership includes both public and private high schools. Unlike most other state organizations, it does not have single, statewide championships for all sports; instead, for some sports, the CIF's 10 Sections each have their own championships.

Six schools near the state border are members of adjacent state's associations. San Pasqual Valley High School is part of the Arizona Interscholastic Association. Coleville High School, Needles High School, North Tahoe High School, South Tahoe High School and Truckee High School are part of the Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association.
Inverse square potential
In quantum mechanics, the inverse square potential is a form of a central force potential which has the unusual property of the eigenstates of the corresponding Hamiltonian operator remaining eigenstates in a scaling of all cartesian coordinates by the same constant. Apart from this curious feature, it's by far less important central force problem than that of the Keplerian inverse square force system.

Inverse-square law
In physical science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity (being nothing more than the value of the physical quantity)  is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity. The fundamental cause for this can be understood as geometric dilution corresponding to point-source radiation into three-dimensional space.

Radar energy expands during both the signal transmission and the reflected return, so the inverse square for both paths means that the radar will receive energy according to the inverse fourth power of the range.

To prevent dilution of energy while propagating a signal, certain methods can be used such as a waveguide, which acts like a canal does for water, or how a gun barrel restricts hot gas expansion to one dimension in order to prevent loss of energy transfer to a bullet.
Sam Davis (producer)
Sam Davis (born 1964 in New York City, New York) is a German-American film producer. He is the founder of Germany-based production company Rowboat Film- und Fernsehproduktion, and lives and works in Cologne.

Faster Than Fear
Faster Than Fear (German: Schneller als die Angst) is a 2022 German TV series directed by Florian Baxmeyer. It's based on an original idea from Klaus Arriens and Thomas Wilke who also wrote the scripts for all six episodes.
Corotoman
Corotoman was a 17th and 18th century plantation on the Rappahannock River in Lancaster County, Virginia, United States. Corotoman was the residence of Robert Carter I (1662/63 – 4 August 1732), a colonial Governor of Virginia and one of the wealthiest men in the British colonies in North America. Corotoman was located on a point overlooking the Rappahannock River, and flanked by Carter's Creek and Corrotoman River to its east and west respectively.

Lancaster County, Virginia
Lancaster County is a county located on the Northern Neck in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population sits at 10,919. Its county seat is Lancaster.

Located on the Northern Neck near the mouth of the Rappahannock River, Lancaster County is part of the Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace wine-growing region recognized by the United States as an American Viticultural Area. The largest town in Lancaster County is Kilmarnock, Virginia. The county's area code is 804.
Dan Heilman
Dan Heilman (1922 – December 17, 1966) was the first artist of the Judge Parker comic strip. He was born in 1922 (some sources say 1924) in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Having served in World War II, Heilman became an assistant to artist Ken Ernst on the Mary Worth comic strip, and to Roy Crane on Buz Sawyer. In 1949 he was the artist for a comic strip called The American Adventure.

In 1952 writer Dr. Nicholas Dallis hired Heilman for Judge Parker, which made its debut on 24 November of that year. Heilman stayed with Judge Parker until 1965, when he left and was succeeded by his assistant Harold LeDoux.

Heilman was working on a new outer-space-themed comic when he died in Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, Florida on December 17, 1966.

Mary Worth
Mary Worth is an American newspaper comic strip that has had an eight-decade run from 1938. Distributed by King Features Syndicate, this soap opera-style strip influenced several that followed. It was created by writer Allen Saunders and artist Dale Connor, and initially appeared under the pseudonym "Dale Allen". Ken Ernst succeeded Connor as artist in 1942.

Mary Worth is associated with an older comic strip, Apple Mary, sometimes subtitled Mary Worth's Family, which dates from 1934 and features the character "Apple Mary" Worth, as well as several supporting characters who would continue into the new strip.
José Júnior
José Luiz Guimarães Sanabio Júnior, nicknamed Júnior Pipoca (Junior Popcorn), Diabo Loiro (Blonde Devil), or simply Júnior, (born 15 June 1976) is a Brazilian football striker playing for Jacuipense of the Brazilian Bahia State Championship.

He represented many clubs, including Derby County and Rotherham United, and has played in eight countries.

Campeonato Baiano
The Campeonato Baiano (English: Baiano Championship), also known as the Baianão (English: "Big Bahian" or "Great Bahian"), is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Run by the Bahia Football Federation (FBF), it is the second-oldest state football championship of Brazil — just behind the Campeonato Paulista, founded in 1902 — and has been played without interruption since 1905. The biggest winner of the competition is Esporte Clube Bahia, with 51 titles won.
James Martin's Saturday Morning
James Martin's Saturday Morning is a British cooking show that has aired on ITV since 2 September 2017 as is presented by James Martin. Some of the chefs to join James Martin run two- and three-Michelin star restaurants, including: Sat Bains, Tom Kerridge, and Clare Smyth. Also among the chefs to join Martin are chefs from his time on Ready Steady Cook. Among them: Nick Nairn, Paul Rankin, Tony Tobin and Brian Turner.

Cooking show
A cooking show, cookery show, or cooking program (also spelled cooking programme in British English) is a television genre that presents food preparation, often in a restaurant kitchen or on a studio set, or at the host's personal home.  Typically the show's host, often a celebrity chef, prepares one or more dishes over the course of an episode, taking the viewing audience through the food's inspiration, preparation, and stages of cooking.

Cooking shows have been a popular staple of daytime TV programming since the earliest days of television. They are generally very inexpensive to produce, making them an economically easy way for a TV station to fill a half-hour (or sometimes 60-minute) time slot. A number of cooking shows have run for many seasons, especially when they are sponsored by local TV stations or by public broadcasting.  Many of the more popular cooking shows have had flamboyant hosts whose unique personalities have made them into celebrities.
Moonlight Sinatra
Moonlight Sinatra is a studio album by the American singer Frank Sinatra, released in March 1966. All of the tracks on the album are centered on the Moon, and were arranged and conducted by Nelson Riddle and his orchestra. Moonlight Sinatra marked Sinatra's final collaboration with Riddle.

The title of the album is a reference to Ludwig van Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata.

Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven)
The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C♯ minor, marked Quasi una fantasia, Op. 27, No. 2, is a piano sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven, completed in 1801 and dedicated in 1802 to his pupil Countess Julie "Giulietta" Guicciardi. Although known throughout the world as the Moonlight Sonata (German: Mondscheinsonate), it was not Beethoven who named it so. The title "Moonlight Sonata'" was proposed in 1832, after the composer’s death, by the poet Ludwig Rellstab.

The piece is one of Beethoven's most famous compositions for the piano, and was quite popular even in his own day.  Beethoven wrote the Moonlight Sonata around the age of 30, after he had finished with some commissioned work; there is no evidence that he was commissioned to write this sonata.
Choi Geum-jin
Choi Geum-jin (Hangul 최금진; born 1970) is a South Korean poet. He is known for his straightforward portrayal of poverty and marginalization using humor and satire. Born in Jecheon, South Korea, he graduated from Chuncheon National University of Education. He went onto earn his master's and doctoral degrees for Korean language and literature at Hanyang University. In 2008, he won the inaugural Oh Jang-hwan Literature Prize. He has lectured at various institutions including Dongguk University and Kyung Hee Cyber University, and currently teaches at Gwangju University and Hanyang University.

Kyung Hee Cyber University
Kyung Hee Cyber University (abbreviated to KHCU; Korean: 경희사이버대학교) is a virtual, South Korean higher education institution that offers online bachelor's and master's degree programs. Founded in 2001, it has been recognized as the first cyber university in South Korea by both the Ministry of Education and the Korea Management Association.

Kyung Hee Cyber University is part of the Kyung Hee University System which offers comprehensive education from kindergarten through graduate school. The cyber university along with the programs it offers were constructed based on the tradition and knowledge of Kyung Hee University (KHC), a private higher education institution with over 70 years of history and expertise.
Clay panel
Clay panel or clay board (also known as loam panel, clay wallboard, clay building board, or clay building panel) is a panel made of clay with some additives. The clay is mixed with sand, water, and fiber, typically wood fiber, and sometimes other additives like starch. Most often this means employing the use of high-cellulose waste fibres. To improve the breaking resistance clay boards are often embedded in a hessian skin on the backside or similar embeddings.

By introducing the clay panels, the building material loam can also be used in dry construction. Clay wallboards are a sustainable alternative to gypsum plasterboards, suitable for drywall applications for interior walls and ceilings. It can be applied to either timber or metal studwork. Usually the application of clay boards is completed with clay finishing plaster.

Fiber
Fiber (spelled fibre in British English; from Latin: fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
Gulfstream Park Oaks
The Gulfstream Park Oaks is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three year old fillies, over a distance of one and one-eighth miles on the dirt held annually in March at Gulfstream Park, Hallandale Beach, Florida.  The event currently carries a purse of $250,000.

American Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing, formerly known as the Filly Triple Crown, is a set of three horse races in the United States which is open to three-year-old fillies. Presently, the only official Triple Tiara is the three race series in New York: the Acorn Stakes, run at Belmont Park at a distance of 1+1⁄16 miles (1.7 km), the Coaching Club American Oaks, run at Saratoga Race Course at a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles (1.8 km), and the Alabama Stakes, run at Saratoga at a distance of 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km).
Anand Mahadevan
Anand Mahadevan is an Indian-Canadian writer, who was awarded an Honour of Distinction from the Dayne Ogilvie Prize for LGBT writers in 2013.

Born and raised in Tamil Nadu, India, Mahadevan moved to the United States at age 17 to study. He moved to Canada in 2002, and teaches science at the University of Toronto Schools and creative writing at the Humber School for Writers.

The Strike, his debut novel about a young Tamil man's gay sexual awakening, was published in Canada by TSAR Publications in 2006. Its publication in India followed in 2009.

His second novel, tentatively titled American Sufi, is slated for future publication.

He has also been an active supporter of the campaign to strike down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized homosexuality in India.

He subsequently served on the jury for the 2015 Dayne Ogilvie Prize, selecting Alex Leslie as that year's winner.

Humber Polytechnic
The Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, rebranded as Humber Polytechnic since 2024, is a public college in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1967, Humber has three main campuses and locations – the Humber North campus, the Lakeshore campus, and the International Graduate School. Today, Humber boasts over 200 programs, 86,000 full time students and 9,300 international students.