hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tudor Ganea
Tudor Ganea (October 17, 1922 –August 1971) was a Romanian-American mathematician, known for his work in algebraic topology, especially homotopy theory. Ganea left Communist Romania to settle in the United States in the early 1960s. He taught at the University of Washington.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Stausee Gibidum
Stausee Gibidum (Gibidum reservoir or "Stausee Gebidem") is a reservoir in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. Its surface area is 0.21 km², shared by the municipalities of Naters and Riederalp.

The construction of Gebidem dam was started in 1964 and completed by 1967. The arch dam has an elevation of 122 m and a crest length of 327 m.

Riederalp
Riederalp (German pronunciation: [ˈʁiːdɐʔalp]) is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.  It was created in 2003 through the merger of Goppisberg, Greich and Ried-Mörel.
Military Institute of Armament Technology
Military Institute of Armament Technology (Polish: Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia; WITU) is a Polish scientific institution responsible for the research and development of new technologies for use by the military. It is based in Zielonka at the outskirts of Warsaw. Subordinate to the Ministry of National Defence, the institute is considered one of "central institutions", that is one of state-owned institutions essential to the functioning of the state.

Zielonka
Zielonka [ʑɛˈlɔnka] is a town in Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with 17,398 inhabitants (2013). It is located about 13 km (8 mi) to the north-east of the centre of Warsaw.

Zielonka borders Warsaw and several other towns of the Warsaw metropolitan area: Ząbki and Marki in the west, Kobyłka in the north, and Sulejówek in the south. It was granted town rights in 1960.

In August 1920, the Battle of Ossów was fought nearby, as part of the Battle of Warsaw in which the Poles were victorious and repulsed the Soviet invasion. Within the town limits, near the village of Ossów, there is a cemetery of the fallen Polish soldiers with a chapel of Our Lady of Victory.
Gary D. Rawnsley
Gary David Rawnsley FRSA (born 1970) is a British political scientist whose research is located at the intersection of international relations and international communication. Rawnsley writes extensively on soft power, public and cultural diplomacy, propaganda, international broadcasting, media and democracy, and political cinema. He is the author/editor of 13 scholarly books, and the book review editor of  Journal of International Communication and International Journal of Taiwan Studies. Since 2023, he has been Professor of Public Diplomacy & Soft Power and Head of the School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Lincoln. From 2020 to 2022, Rawnsley was a professor of public diplomacy at the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC), and Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (FHSS) of this university.

Soft power
In politics (and particularly in international politics), soft power is the ability to co-opt rather than coerce (in contrast with hard power). It involves shaping the preferences of others through appeal and attraction. Soft power is non-coercive, using culture, political values, and foreign policies to enact change. In 2012, Joseph Nye of Harvard University explained that with soft power, "the best propaganda is not propaganda", further explaining that during the Information Age, "credibility is the scarcest resource".

Nye popularised the term in his 1990 book, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power.
In this book he wrote: "when one country gets other countries to want what it wants might be called co-optive or soft power in contrast with the hard or command power of ordering others to do what it wants". He further developed the concept in his 2004 book, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics.
Scolopendra alternans
Scolopendra alternans, commonly known as the Haitian giant centipede, Caribbean giant centipede, and Florida Keys centipede, is a species of large centipede in the subfamily Scolopendrinae. The species was involved in widespread news coverage after an incident in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, in which a specimen of the extremely rare rim rock crown snake (Tantilla oolitica) died of asphyxiation while trying to eat a Scolopendra alternans, which also died.

John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park
John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park is a Florida State Park located on Key Largo in Florida. It includes around 70 square nautical miles (240 km2; 93 sq mi) of adjacent Atlantic Ocean waters. The park is roughly 25 miles (40 km) long and extends 3 miles (4.8 km) into the Atlantic Ocean along the prominent Hawk Channel passage. It was the first underwater park in the United States. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 14, 1972. The primary attractions of the park are the coral reefs (such as Molasses Reef) and their associated marine life.

In fiscal year 2004, the park had more than a million visitors, making it the most popular park in the Florida State Parks system. The Florida Keys and the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the Gulf of Mexico off the Texas Gulf Coast are the only living coral reef formations in the continental United States.
Pleasure Garden (painting)
Pleasure Garden (1932) is a watercolour painting by Frances Hodgkins. When it was rejected as a gift to the Robert McDougall Art Gallery in Christchurch, New Zealand, a controversy started. Hodgkins, born in New Zealand, had permanently relocated to the United Kingdom in 1927. After she died in 1947, with many prominent British galleries holding her work, there was a desire to have some of her works held by the Robert McDougall Art Gallery. The Canterbury Society of Arts (CSA) organised for some paintings to come to New Zealand on loan, including Pleasure Garden. The CSA sent Hodgkins' works back, having decided against purchasing any. The artist Margaret Frankel organised a fundraising campaign to purchase Pleasure Garden and to gift it to Christchurch City Council as the owner of the Robert McDougall Art Gallery. It took a year-long campaign before the painting was accepted, with Auckland City Art Gallery meanwhile having offered to purchase the painting.

Robert McDougall Art Gallery
The Robert McDougall Art Gallery is a heritage building in Christchurch, New Zealand. It was designed by Edward Armstrong and it opened in 1932. It is a Category I heritage building listed with Heritage New Zealand and is located within the Christchurch Botanic Gardens.
Ezekiel 22
Ezekiel 22 is the twenty-second chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 20 to 24 contain a series of "predictions regarding the fall of Jerusalem", and this chapter contains three separate prophecies centering on the inevitable punishment due to the city's guilt.

Nevi'im
The Nevi'im (/nəviˈiːm, nəˈviːɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: נְבִיאִים, romanized: Nəviʾim, lit. 'spokespersons, prophets') is the second major division of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), lying between the first division, the Torah (lit. 'instruction') and the third division, Ketuvim (lit. 'writings'). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets (Hebrew: נביאים ראשונים Nəviʾim Rishonim) consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets (נביאים אחרונים Nəviʾim Aḥaronim) include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Shtar
Shtar (Imperial Aramaic: שטר, "contract") is an Israeli Jewish rap rock band based in Beit Shemesh. Formed in 2006 by American rapper Ori Murray and English guitarist/songwriter Brad Rubinstein, the band released their debut album, Infinity, in Israel in 2010 and in the United States through Shemspeed Records in 2012. They have received considerable media attention, much of it focused on the contrast between their traditional Jewish dress and modern-sounding music. A second recording, Boss EP, was released through the band's own Heatseat Records in December 2012. In 2015, they were announced as contestants on the Israeli reality singing show HaKokhav HaBa.

Rap rock
Rap rock is a music genre that developed from the early to mid-1980s, when hip hop DJs incorporated rock records into their routines and rappers began incorporating original and sampled rock instrumentation into hip hop music. Rap rock is considered to be rock music in which lyrics are rapped, rather than sung. The genre achieved its greatest success in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Government Medical College, Kathua
Government Medical College, Kathua is a full-fledged tertiary referral Government Medical college. It was established in the year 2019. This college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). The college is affiliated to University of Jammu and is recognized by National Medical Commission.  The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Kathua. The selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through National Eligibility and Entrance Test. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 150.

Kathua
Kathua is a city and municipal council of the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. The city is the headquarters of Kathua district and is divided into 27 wards which constitute the Kathua Municipal Council. It is situated along NH-44. The city has a bustling industrial area and an army cantonment adjoining it. Being a transit hub for industrial activity in the state, the city has a large industrial base with a textile park, biotechnology and pharma industrial and research park, cement industry, and many medium-scale MSMEs.
HMS Exmouth
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Exmouth, after Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth:

HMS Exmouth (1854) was a 90-gun screw propelled second-rate ship of the line launched in 1854. She was lent to the Metropolitan Asylums as a training ship in 1877 and was broken up in 1905.

HMS Exmouth (1901) was a Duncan-class battleship launched in 1901, sold in 1920 and broken up in 1922.

HMS Exmouth (1905) was the Royal Navy's first specially commissioned training ship, launched in 1905. She was requisitioned as a depot ship from 1939 to 1945, and then returned to use as a training ship renamed HMS Worcester for Thames Nautical Training College. She was broken up in 1978.

HMS Exmouth (H02) was an E-class destroyer launched in 1934 and sunk by a U-boat in 1940.

HMS Exmouth (F84) was a Blackwood-class frigate launched in 1955 and broken up in 1979.

Second-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a second-rate was a ship of the line which by the start of the 18th century mounted 90 to 98 guns on three gun decks; earlier 17th-century second rates had fewer guns and were originally two-deckers or had only partially armed third gun decks. A "second rate" was the second largest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.

They were essentially smaller and hence cheaper versions of the 100-gun first-rates. Like the first rates, they fought in the line of battle, but unlike the first rates, which were considered too valuable to risk in distant stations, the second rates often served also in major overseas stations as flagships. They had a reputation for poor handling and slow sailing. They were popular as flagships of admirals commanding the Windward and/or Leeward Islands station, which was usually a Rear-admiral of the red.
Cole Heppell
Cole Heppell (born November 11, 1993) is a Canadian actor. In 2006, he was nominated for a Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Television Series (Comedy or Drama) - Guest Starring Young Actor for: The Dead Zone: Heroes & Demons.

In 2012, Heppell was nominated at the 33rd Young Artist Awards for his supporting role as the village fool in Red Riding Hood. He studied at the University of Alberta.

Red Riding Hood (2011 film)
Red Riding Hood is a 2011 American romantic fantasy horror film directed by Catherine Hardwicke, and produced by Leonardo DiCaprio, from a screenplay by David Leslie Johnson. The film is very loosely based on the folk tale "Little Red Riding Hood" collected by both Charles Perrault under the name Le Petit Chaperon Rouge (Little Red Riding Hood) and several decades later by the Brothers Grimm as Rotkäppchen (Little Red Cap). It stars Amanda Seyfried as the title role, with Gary Oldman, Billy Burke, Shiloh Fernandez, Max Irons, Virginia Madsen, Lukas Haas and Julie Christie in supporting roles.

Red Riding Hood had its world premiere at Hollywood on March 7, 2011, and was theatrically released on March 11, 2011, by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film received negative reviews, and was a box-office success, grossing $98 million worldwide against its $42 million budget.
Erica Kane
Erica Kane is a fictional character from the American ABC Daytime soap opera All My Children. The character was portrayed by actress Susan Lucci from her debut on January 16, 1970, until the last broadcast television episode on September 23, 2011. Lucci was expected to guest star on Prospect Park's continuation of All My Children in 2013, but the appearance never came to fruition due to the show's second cancellation.

Erica is considered to be the most popular character in American soap opera history. TV Guide calls her "unequivocally the most famous soap opera character in the history of daytime TV," and included her in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.

Broadcast television systems
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.

With the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT), they were replaced by four main systems in use around the world: ATSC, DVB, ISDB and DTMB.
Paracossulus
Paracossulus thrips is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. The habitat consists of exclaves of open steppe vegetation on sands or loess and xerophilous grasslands on alkaline substrates.

The larvae bore the roots of Artemisia species.

Loess
Loess (US: /ˈlɛs, ˈlʌs, ˈloʊ.əs/, UK: /ˈloʊ.əs, ˈlɜːs/; from German: Löss [lœs]) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. Ten percent of Earth's land area is covered by loesses or similar deposits.

Loess is a periglacial or aeolian (windborne) sediment, defined as an accumulation of 20% or less of clay with a balance of roughly equal parts sand and silt (with a typical grain size from 20 to 50 micrometers), often loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. Usually, they are homogeneous and highly porous and have vertical capillaries that permit the sediment to fracture and form vertical bluffs.
Amos, Missouri
Amos is an unincorporated community in northwest Vernon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is approximately 1.5 miles east of the Missouri-Kansas border, approximately three miles north-northwest of Stotesbury, and about 16 miles northwest of Nevada. It is on the banks of Duncan Creek, one mile north of that stream's confluence with the Little Osage River.

Little Osage River
The Little Osage River is an 88-mile-long (142 km) tributary of the Osage River in eastern Kansas and western Missouri in the United States.  Via the Osage and Missouri rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

The name was derived from the Osage Nation, whose traditional territory encompassed this area.
2025 Nonthaburi Challenger III
The 2025 Nonthaburi Challenger III was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 13th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nonthaburi, Thailand from 13 to 19 January 2025.

Nonthaburi province
Nonthaburi is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946 (Thursday).

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, and Nakhon Pathom. Nonthaburi is the most densely populated province after Bangkok. The Bang Kwang Central Prison is in the province.
Asaduzzaman Payel
Asaduzzaman Payel (born 1 September 1998) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Uttara Sporting Club in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League on 27 February 2019. He made his List A debut for Uttara Sporting Club in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 8 March 2019. He made his first-class debut for Rajshahi Division against Chittagong Division in the 2020–21 National Cricket League on 22 March 2021.

Uttara Sporting Club
Uttara Sporting Club, sometimes Uttara Cricket Club, is a cricket team in Bangladesh, named after the suburb of Uttara in the north-west of Dhaka. It has been actively involved in local cricket activities and has produced talented cricketers over the years.
1906 Alabama House of Representatives election
The 1906 Alabama House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 6, 1906, to elect 106 representatives to serve four-year terms in the Alabama House of Representatives. The creation of Houston County in 1903 increased the size of the state house from 105 members to 106. 104 Democrats and 2 Republicans were elected to the 1907 House.

On January 8, 1907, William L. Martin of Montgomery County was elected speaker. Martin died shortly into his term, and speaker pro tem Archibald H. Carmichael was chosen to succeed him on March 5, 1907.

Montgomery County, Alabama
Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, its population was 228,954, making it the seventh-most populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Montgomery, the state capital. Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery metropolitan area.
S. S. Kanchi
S. S. Kanchi is an Indian writer, actor and director known for his work in Telugu cinema and television. He is recognised for his contributions as a writer and supporting actor in the acclaimed Telugu sitcom Amrutham and for his roles in films such as Sye (2004) and Maryada Ramanna (2010). He is a member of the prominent Koduri family, which includes film personalities such as music composer M. M. Keeravani, director S. S. Rajamouli, and screenwriter V. Vijayendra Prasad.

Siva Shakthi Datta
Koduri Siva Shakthi Datta (8 October 1932 – 7 July 2025) was an Indian lyricist, screenwriter and painter who worked in Telugu cinema. He was known for writing Sanskrit-based song lyrics in Telugu films. He was the elder brother of screenwriter V. Vijayendra Prasad, father of music director M. M. Keeravani and the uncle of director S. S. Rajamouli.
Pretty Cure All Stars DX2: Light of Hope - Protect the Rainbow Jewel!
Pretty Cure All Stars DX2: Light of Hope - Protect the Rainbow Jewel! (Japanese: 映画プリキュアオールスターズDX2 希望の光☆レインボージュエルを守れ！, Hepburn: Eiga PuriKyua Ōru Sutāzu Dirakkusu Tsū: Kibō no Hikari☆Reinbō Jueru wo Mamore!) is a 2010 Japanese animated action fantasy film based on the Pretty Cure franchise created by Izumi Todo. The film is directed by Takashi Otsuka, written by Isao Murayama, and produced by Toei Animation. The film was released in Japan on March 20, 2010.

Marking the second entry to the Pretty Cure All Stars crossover film series, as well as the second installment to the DX trilogy, the HeartCatch PreCure! team joins the previous Pretty Cure teams on protecting the Rainbow Jewel from an evil entity known as Bottom.

Fresh Pretty Cure!
Fresh Pretty Cure! (フレッシュプリキュア!, Furesshu PuriKyua!), also known as Fresh PreCure!, is a Japanese magical girl anime series and the sixth in the Pretty Cure metaseries by Izumi Todo, featuring the fourth generation of Cures. The series was produced by Toei Animation, directed by Junji Shimizu (Jigoku Sensei Nube The Movie) and written by Atsushi Maekawa (Bakugan Battle Brawlers, Jewelpet). The character designs were created by Hisashi Kagawa (Saikano, Bomberman Jetters, Phantom Thief Jeanne). The series aired on TV Asahi's ANN network from February 1, 2009, to January 31, 2010, succeeding Yes! PreCure 5 Go Go!’s time slot, and was succeeded by HeartCatch PreCure!.

Fresh Pretty Cure was the first to introduce CG-animated ending themes with dance routines. The series' main themes are happiness and dance, with playing-card suits, fruits and clovers as the Cure's main motifs.
Tephrosia clementii
Tephrosia clementii is a plant species, endemic to the north-west of Western Australia. It is an annual with a  prostrate, spreading habit, growing to between 0.1 and 0.25 metres high. Orange or red flowers are produced between January and March in the species' native range.

The species was first formally described by S.A.Skan in 1903 in Icones Plantarum, from a collection by Emile Clement between the Ashburton and Yule Rivers.

Icones Plantarum
Icones Plantarum is an extensive series of published volumes of botanical illustration, initiated by Sir William Jackson Hooker. The Latin name of the work means "Illustrations of Plants". The illustrations are drawn from herbarium specimens of Hooker's herbarium, and subsequently the herbarium of Kew Gardens. Hooker was the author of the first ten volumes, produced 1837–1854. His son, Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, was responsible for Volumes XI-XIX (most of Series III). Daniel Oliver was the editor of Volumes XX-XXIV. His successor was William Turner Thiselton-Dyer. The series now comprises forty volumes.
Štefan Fabian
Štefan Fabian (born 10 February 1981) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey player. Fabian previously played in the Slovak Extraliga for HC Košice, HK 36 Skalica, HK Nitra and HK Poprad. In the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship for Yertis Pavlodar.

HC Košice
Hockey Club Košice is a Slovak professional ice hockey club based in Košice that competes in the Slovak Extraliga, the top tier of Slovak ice hockey. It is the most successful hockey club in Slovakia and the former Czechoslovakia, having won the Tipos Extraliga ten times, the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League twice, the 1st. Slovak National Hockey League once, the IIHF Continental Cup once, the Tatra Cup 11 times, and the Rona Cup four times. The club is nicknamed "Oceliari" ("Steelers" in English). The team plays at the Steel Arena in Košice.
Billboard Girl
Billboard Girl is a 1932 Educational-Mack Sennett Featurette (No. S2709) starring Bing Crosby and directed by Leslie Pearce. This was the fourth of the six short films Crosby made for Mack Sennett and which helped launch his career as a solo performer.

Leslie Pearce (director)
Arnold Leslie Pearce (20 April 1887 – 17 August 1977) was a New Zealand film director, who directed numerous short films in Hollywood during the 1930s, including several with W.C. Fields and Bing Crosby.