hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A18-class container ship
The A18 class (also called the A19 class) is a series of six container ships originally built for the United Arab Shipping Company (UASC) and now operated by Hapag-Lloyd. The ships have a maximum theoretical capacity of 19,870 TEU. The ships were built by Hyundai Heavy Industries in South Korea.

Twenty-foot equivalent unit
The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.
Dear Rosie
Dear Rosie is a 1991 British short subject directed by Peter Cattaneo from a script by Peter Morgan and Mark Wadlow. The plot follows Rosie, played by Fiona Victory, an unsuccessful novelist who begins receiving letters from overweight people after her agent publishes her diet tips.

Cattaneo directed the short while he was a student at the Royal College of Art. The 11-minute film premiered at the 1990 London Film Festival. The following year, it was presented at the New York Film Festival.

The short was nominated in the Best Short Film category at the 44th British Academy Film Awards, and the Best Live Action Short Film category at the 63rd Academy Awards.

New York Film Festival
The New York Film Festival (NYFF) is a film festival held every fall in New York City, presented by Film at Lincoln Center. Founded in 1963 by Richard Roud and Amos Vogel with the support of Lincoln Center president William Schuman, NYFF is one of the longest-running and most prestigious film festivals in the United States. It is a non-competitive festival centered on a "Main Slate" of typically 20–30 feature films, with additional sections for experimental cinema and new restorations.

Dennis Lim is the Artistic Director for NYFF. Kent Jones was the festival director from 2013 to 2019.
150s
The 150s ran from January 1, 150, to December 31, 159.

The Roman Empire was ruled by Antoninus Pius for the whole of this decade. The Roman Empire is relatively peaceful this decade, being in the middle of the Pax Romana and there being no major external wars. Claudius Ptolemy completed two major works this decade, the Geographia, the earliest known atlas, and the Almagest, a treatise accepted for over 1200 years.

Polycarp
Polycarp (/ˈpɒlikɑːrp/; Greek: Πολύκαρπος, Polýkarpos; Latin: Polycarpus; AD 69 – 155) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to consume his body. Polycarp is regarded as a saint and Church Father in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Lutheranism, and Anglicanism.

Both Irenaeus and Tertullian say that Polycarp had been a disciple of John the Apostle, one of Jesus's disciples. In On Illustrious Men, Jerome similarly writes that Polycarp was a disciple of John the Apostle, who had ordained him as a bishop of Smyrna. Polycarp is regarded as one of three chief Apostolic Fathers, along with Clement of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch.
John Moore (production designer)
John Drake Moore (1924–2006) was an American costume designer, set decorator and production designer for films. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction for El Cid. Additional credits include A Farewell to Arms, 55 Days at Peking, The Fall of the Roman Empire, and A Matter of Time.

During the 1960s and 1970s, he also worked for the Salzburg Festivals where he designed the settings for Il rappresentazione die anima e di corpo, Der Rosenkavalier and Jedermann in cooperation with Veniero Colasanti.

Moore was born in Tryon, North Carolina in 1924. He died in Lugano, Switzerland in 2006.

Everyman (15th-century play)
The Somonyng of Everyman (The Summoning of Everyman), usually referred to simply as Everyman, is a late 15th-century morality play by an anonymous English author, printed circa 1530. It is possibly a translation of the Dutch play Elckerlijc (Everyman).

Like John Bunyan's 1678 Christian novel The Pilgrim's Progress, Everyman uses allegorical characters to examine the question of Christian salvation and explain that Man must have a relationship with God to attain it. To develop that relationship, his strength, wisdom, senses, beauty and discretion is not helpful. The relationship with God is strengthened through his adherence to rules established by the Church – the partaking of the Eucharist, confession, penance, and participation in last rites, thus redeeming him and preparing him for eternal salvation.
Rainbow lattice sunstone
Rainbow lattice sunstone, also known as rainbow lattice, is a type of orthoclase feldspar that exhibits a rare combination of aventurescence, adularescence, and a distinctive iridescence lattice pattern. The iridescence lattice pattern consists of inclusions that are the result of crystallographically oriented exsolution crystals within the feldspar crystal. Sunstone refers to its physical appearance instead of its chemical composition.

Rainbow lattice sunstone is produced from a remote part of the Australian desert known as the Mud Tank Zircon Field. It is an area consisting of dry plains with rocky outcrops that lies in the Harts Range north-east of Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia. The primary source of this sunstone is covered by a single mining claim about 500 by 600 meters (1,600 by 2,000 ft) in size. Lower-quality Rainbow lattice sunstone is produced at another claim about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) away from the primary source.

Iridescence
Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear gradually to change colour as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes. Iridescence is caused by wave interference of light in microstructures or thin films. Examples of iridescence include soap bubbles, feathers, butterfly wings and seashell nacre, and minerals such as opal. Pearlescence is a related effect where some or most of the reflected light is white. The term pearlescent is used to describe certain paint finishes, usually in the automotive industry, which actually produce iridescent effects.
Steffi Nerius
Steffi Nerius (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɛ.fi ˈneː.ʁi̯ʊs] ⓘ; born 1 July 1972) is a retired German track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. During her career, she was a European and World Champion. She also won silver at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Her personal best throw was 68.34 m, set in 2008. This ranks her second among German female javelin throwers, behind Christina Obergföll.

Initially playing volleyball in school, Nerius later switched to athletics. She was taught the javelin throw by her mother, a former javelin thrower. Her first international success was a bronze medal at the 1991 European Junior Championships. Her first gold medal at a major competition came at the 2006 European Championships. From 2003 to 2006 she won four consecutive German Championships.

2006 European Athletics Championships
The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.
Dowry system in India
The dowry system in India refers to the durable goods, cash, and real or movable property that the bride's family gives to the groom, his parents, and his relatives as a condition of the marriage. Dowry is called "दहेज" in Hindi and as جہیز in Urdu.

Traditionally, the dowry served as the inheritance for the daughter, as her relationship was seen as severed from her parents at the time of marriage, and is sometimes negotiated as consideration or a "status equalizer" between the marrying families, often as a means of upward mobility. However, the system can put great financial burden on the bride's family. In some cases, requests for a dowry has led to crimes against women, ranging from emotional abuse and injury to death.

Weddings in India
Weddings in India are festive occasions and usually celebrated with extensive decorations, color, music, dance, outfits and rituals that depend on the community, region and religion of the bride and the groom, as well as their preferences. India celebrates about 10 million weddings per year, of which about 80% are Hindu weddings. Approximately 90% of marriages in India are still arranged. Despite the rising popularity of love marriages, especially among younger generations, arranged marriages continue to be the predominant method for finding a marriage partner in India.

A daughter's marriage can often be the most costly event in the life of an Indian family, with some estimate indicating that families spend more than six times a family's annual income on the wedding. Most of these costs go towards dowries and the wedding celebration. Scholars have characterized these expenditures as being strongly shaped by social norms and by desires to signal social status.
Björklinge
Björklinge is a locality situated in Uppsala Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden with 3,269 inhabitants in 2010. The name, written as Birklinge, was used for the parish as early as 1314, and  Norsemen graves have been found in the area.

Björklinge is situated on a glacial ridge next to lake Långsjön. European route E4 passed through the village until the new motorway east of Björklinge was opened for traffic on October 17, 2007.

Björklinge church, which was first built in the early 14th century and re-built in the 17th century, is in the centre of the village.

The spelman Anders Ljungqvist, called "Gås-Anders" (Anders of the geese), lived in Björklinge most of his life. There is a statue of him, created by the artist Bror Hjorth, standing next to the church. Bror Hjorth had a summer cottage by Långsjön.

Uppsala Municipality
Uppsala Municipality (Swedish: Uppsala kommun) is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden. Uppsala has a population of 211,411 (2016-06-30). Its seat is located in the university city of Uppsala.

Uppsala Municipality was created through amalgamations taking place during the late sixties and the early seventies. There are about thirty original local government units combined in the present municipality. A split took place in 2003, when Knivsta Municipality was formed.
Bark hack
A bark (or turpentine) hack is a tool used to remove pine tree bark to promote the flow of pine resin, which is used in naval stores production. The tool consists of a wooden shaft with a weighted butt and hook-like, replaceable, U-shaped blades at the head.

The bark hack is swung much like an axe and is used to create a hatched chevron pattern ("cat face" or less frequently, a "blaze") into trees' exposed sapwood. The weighted end helps the operator follow through with the force necessary for the hooked blade to scoop out chips of hard pine wood. This would result in the tree's turpentine or resin stocks flowing directly down into a collection site in a similar process to tapping.

Turpentine hacks were eventually phased out by the early 1950s, and today they are primarily historical tools, with modern resin collection using mechanized methods and updated forestry practices.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
1954 Gambian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Gambia in 1954 following constitutional amendments, which increased the number of elected members on the Legislative Council from three to four, with an additional seven non-elected members. The seven unelected members were the Colonial Secretary, Financial Secretary, the Attorney General, the Senior Commissioner, Dr. S.H.O Jones (director of Medical Services), and two members appointed by the Governor-general from a list of nine names submitted by the Bathurst Town Council and the Kombo Rural Authority after consultation with members of the council.

Banjul
Banjul (UK: /bænˈdʒuːl/, US: /ˈbɑːndʒuːl/), officially the City of Banjul, is the capital city of The Gambia. The city of Banjul is located on St Mary's Island (Banjul Island), which is in the Gambia River where it enters the Atlantic Ocean.

The population of the city proper is 26,461, with the Greater Banjul Area, which includes the City of Banjul and the Kanifing municipality, at a population of 405,809 (2024 census). The island is connected to the mainland to the west and the rest of Greater Banjul Area via bridges. There are also ferries linking Banjul to the mainland at the other side of the river.

From the 19th century until 24 April 1973, the city was known as Bathurst.
Bob Ctvrtlik
Robert Jan "Bob" Ctvrtlik (/stəˈvɜːrtlɪk/;
born July 8, 1963) is a retired American volleyball player who is a three-time Olympian, Olympic gold medalist, and a former member of the International Olympic Committee. He is a 1985 graduate of Pepperdine University.

In 2007, Ctvrtlik was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

International Volleyball Hall of Fame
The International Volleyball Hall of Fame (IVHF) was founded to honor extraordinary players, coaches, officials, and leaders who have made significant contributions to the game of volleyball. The Hall of Fame is located in Holyoke, Massachusetts, where volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan at the local YMCA.
Taxation in Wales
Taxation in Wales (Welsh: Trethi yng Nghymru) typically comprises payments to one or more of the three different levels of government: the UK government (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs), the Welsh Government, and local government.

In the fiscal year 2017–18, total Welsh government revenue was forecast to be £27.1 billion, or 38.3 per cent of GDP, with net VAT, income tax, and National Insurance contributions standing at £15.8 billion.

The Welsh Government acquired the power to vary income tax on the 10% share it collects in 2019, however it has not opted to do so.

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.
Liceu Escolar de Lleida
The Liceu Escolar de Lleida was a school in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain founded by Frederic Godàs and Victorina Vila Badia in 1906, who wanted to introduce a modern, progressive pedagogy system, part of the New Catalan School movement, in the country's outdated and authoritarian school system. The Liceu Escolar is now famous for the Spanish Civil War November 2, 1937 bombing during which it was bombed by the Fascist Italian aviation, during which 12,000 kg. of bombs were dropped in the city, resulting in 700 casualties. 48 children and several teachers died during the raid in the school.  It is still not exactly known if it the bombing of the Liceu was planned or a mistake.

Students include poet Màrius Torres. A monument by Agustín Ortega Bragado now commemorates the tragedy, on Avinguda Blondel, in front of the Institut d'Estudis Ilerdencs, the Institut Municipal d'Acció Cultural and CaixaForum Lleida.

CaixaForum Lleida
CaixaForum is a cultural centre managed by Fundación “La Caixa” located at 3 Avinguda de Blondel, in the city of Lleida, cornering Avinguda de Madrid, in the building popularly known as Montepío after the former name of a bank located in this building. The building, which was the site of Cine Viñes, became the cultural centre of Fundación “La Caixa” in 1989, so we can say that this building has always been related to cultural activities. It was later renamed in 2008 to keep the same naming convention as other centres from La Caixa.
Zaskale, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Zaskale [zasˈkalɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łączna, within Skarżysko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Łączna, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Skarżysko-Kamienna, and 19 km (12 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Skarżysko County
Skarżysko County (Polish: powiat skarżyski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Skarżysko-Kamienna, which lies 34 kilometres (21 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Suchedniów, lying 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Skarżysko-Kamienna.

The county covers an area of 395.30 square kilometres (152.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 74,343, out of which the population of Skarżysko-Kamienna is 45,068, that of Suchedniów is 8,347, and the rural population is 20,928.
Nicholas Ruddock
Nicholas Ruddock is a Canadian writer. He is the author of two novels, The Parabolist (DoubleDay 2010) and Night Ambulance (Breakwater 2016), and a collection of short stories, How Loveta Got Her Baby (Breakwater 2014). In 2016, he was shortlisted for the richest story prize in the world, the EFG Short Story Award, for his story "The Phosphorescence."

Ruddock was born in Ottawa and raised in the Eglinton Avenue Road area of Toronto. His father was a French professor, his mother a teacher. He attended the University of Toronto Schools and the University of Toronto Medical School. He then set out for Newfoundland and Labrador, interning in St. John's and serving as District Medical Officer in Belleoram, Fortune Bay. Subsequently, he married the artist Cheryl Ruddock and they have raised their family of four children in the Yukon, Montreal, and Guelph, Ontario.

Ruddock is a practicing medical doctor.

University of Toronto Schools
The University of Toronto Schools (UTS) is an independent secondary day school affiliated with the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The school follows a specialized academic curriculum, and admission is determined by a written examination and Multiple Mini-Interviews. Two Nobel Prize laureates attended UTS.
Wolley
Wolley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Wolley-Dod (1892–1937), British pilot and aviation executive

Clive Phillipps-Wolley (1853–1918), British-Canadian official, author and big game hunter

Edward Wolley, Anglican bishop in Ireland in the 17th century

Elizabeth Wolley (1552–1600), English courtier

Francis Wolley (1583–1609), son of Queen Elizabeth's Latin secretary, Sir John Wolley, and Elizabeth More

Hannah Wolley (or Wolley, 1622–c.1675), English writer

John Wolley (1823–1859), English naturalist

John Wolley (died 1596), English politician

Hannah Woolley
Hannah Woolley, sometimes spelled Wolley (c.1622 – in or after 1675), was an English writer who published early books on household management; she was probably the first person to earn a living doing this.

She variously worked as a servant, and as a grammar school teacher. Her husband was a schoolmaster. The couple first opened their own school in Newport, then a second school in Hackney. Following her husband's death, she became a professional writer. She also earned a reputation as a successful physician, despite her amateur status.
Clemens Baeumker
Clemens Baeumker (16 September 1853 – 7 October 1924) was a German historian of philosophy.

Baeumker was born in Paderborn to a gymnasium teacher. He studied philosophy, theology, and philology in Paderborn and later at the University of Münster, from which he obtained a doctorate in 1877. From 1879 he was a teacher at a secondary school (Gymnasium) in Münster.

Through the efforts of Georg von Hertling he was appointed professor of philosophy at the University of Breslau in 1883, where he remained until 1900. In that year he moved to the University of Bonn, and in 1903 to the University of Strasbourg, where he filled the chair vacated by Wilhelm Windelband. In 1912 he moved to the University of Munich, filling the chair vacated by his friend von Hertling. He died in Munich in 1924.

Baeumker was known in particular for his studies in the history of medieval philosophy.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
EdgeHTML
EdgeHTML is a proprietary browser engine from Microsoft that was used in Microsoft Edge Legacy, which debuted in 2015 as part of Windows 10.

EdgeHTML is a fork of the MSHTML (Trident) engine of Internet Explorer. It is designed as a software component that enables developers easily to add web browsing functionality to other apps.

In 2018, Microsoft began rebuilding Edge as a Chromium-based browser, which meant that EdgeHTML would no longer be used in the Edge browser. This transition was completed in April 2021. Past this date, EdgeHTML does, however, continue to be supported and used in Universal Windows Platform apps.

Windows Server 2016
Windows Server 2016 is the eleventh major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was developed alongside Windows 10 and is the successor to the Windows 8.1-based Windows Server 2012 R2. The first early preview version (Technical Preview) became available on October 1, 2014 together with the first technical preview of System Center. Windows Server 2016 was released on September 26, 2016 at Microsoft's Ignite conference and reached general availability on October 12, 2016.

It was succeeded by Windows Server 2019 and the Windows Server Semi-Annual Channel, which was released in 2017. Mainstream support for Windows Server 2016 ended on January 11, 2022, and extended support will end on January 12, 2027.