hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mildew resistance locus o
Mildew locus o (MLO) is a plant-specific gene family. Specific members of the Mildew Locus O gene family act as powdery mildew susceptibility factors. Their inactivation, as the result of a loss-of-function mutation, gene knock-out, or knock-down, is associated with a peculiar form of resistance, referred to as mlo resistance. The mlo gene family is widely conserved across the plant kingdom with some members evolving as early as the first land plants. Mlo proteins contain seven highly conserved transmembrane domains, as well as a calmodulin-binding domain. TaMLO genes are the MLOs in bread wheat, Triticum aestivum.

Calmodulin binding domain
In molecular biology, calmodulin binding domain (CaMBD) is a protein domain found in small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels). These channels are independent of voltage and gated solely by intracellular Ca2+. They are heteromeric complexes that comprise pore-forming alpha-subunits and the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin (CaM). CaM binds to the SK channel through the CaMBD, which is located in an intracellular region of the alpha-subunit immediately carboxy-terminal to the pore. Channel opening is triggered when Ca2+ binds the EF hands in the N-lobe of CaM. The structure of this domain complexed with CaM is known. This domain forms an elongated dimer with a CaM molecule bound at each end; each CaM wraps around three alpha-helices, two from one CaMBD subunit and one from the other.
Ammi trifoliatum
Ammi trifoliatum is a species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae, endemic to the Azores. It inhabits sloping areas, craters, ravines and Juniperus forests. It is native to seven of the nine islands.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
2000 Brownlow Medal
The 2000 Brownlow Medal was the 73rd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home-and-away season. Shane Woewodin of the Melbourne Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-four votes during the 2000 AFL season.

The Essendon Football Club set a record for the highest number of votes collected as a team, with 116 out of a possible 132 votes. The club polled at least one vote in every game, including all six votes in 14 games.

Shane Woewodin
Shane Woewodin (born 12 July 1976) is a retired Australian rules football player who played 200 games with the Melbourne and Collingwood Football Clubs. He was the recipient of the Brownlow Medal in 2000.
Yann Siccardi
Yann Siccardi (born 11 April 1984) is a Monégasque Olympic judoka who competes in the Men's 60 kg category. He competed in the 2008 and the 2012 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he lost in the first round to Craig Fallon of Great Britain.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was defeated in the third round by Russian Arsen Galstyan. Siccardi won a gold medal in the 60 kg and under category at the 2011 Games of the Small States of Europe. Siccardi qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics and is the Monégasque flag bearer.

2011 Games of the Small States of Europe
The 14th Games of the Small States of Europe (GSSE), also known as the XIVth Games of the Small States of Europe were held between 30 May – 4 June 2011 in multiple municipalities in Liechtenstein. The Games featured competition by the 9 members of the GSSE in nine sports, with three of the sports featuring seven disciplines. Events were hosted in nine different municipalities in the country.

Liechtenstein was not opposed in their bid for the 2011 Games, possibly because it was the country's turn to host the Games based on the event's rotation. The 2011 Games marked the second time Liechtenstein hosted the Games, following the country's hosting of the 8th edition in 1999. These were the first games with the participation of Montenegro.
Animal soul
In Kabbalah, the animal soul (Hebrew: נפש הבהמית, nefesh habehamit) is one of the two souls Jews possess, and the only one that gentiles have. The animal soul animates the living body and is the source of both animalistic desires and inherent Jewish traits like kindness and compassion, as noted in Tanya, a primary text of the Chabad movement and much of Hasidism, in general. While its primary inclination is to seek worldly, physical pleasures, the animal soul can be trained to primarily pursue spiritual pleasures with the guidance of the divine soul.

Yetzer hara
In Judaism, yetzer hara (Hebrew: יֵצֶר הַרַע‎, romanized: yēṣer haraʿ‍) is a term for humankind's congenital inclination to do evil. The concept is prominent in rabbinic texts and in the works of the Syriac poet Narsai. The term itself is drawn from the phrase "the inclination of the heart of man is evil" (Biblical Hebrew: יֵצֶר לֵב הָאָדָם רַע, romanized: yêṣer lêḇ hā-ʾāḏām raʿ), which occurs twice at the beginning of the Torah in Genesis 6:5 and Genesis 8:21 .

The Hebrew word yetzer, having appeared twice in Genesis, occurs again at the end of the Torah: "I knew their devisings that they do". Thus from beginning to end, the heart's yetzer (plan) is continually bent on evil. However, the Torah which began with blessings also anticipates future blessings, which will come as a result of God circumcising the heart in the latter days.
Kendal Group
The Kendal Group is a Silurian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in the southern Lake District and the Howgill Fells of northern England. The name is derived from the town of Kendal in Cumbria. The Group is included within the Windermere Supergroup. The group comprises couplets of siltstone and mudstone along with some turbiditic sandstones and which may exceed a thickness of 4200m. Its lower unit is the Bannisdale Formation above which is the Kirkby Moor Formation. Some of the rocks of the latter were earlier included in the Underbarrow and Scout Hill Flag formations.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
Zarrouk
Zarrouk is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dorra Zarrouk (born 1980), Tunisian actress

Mohamed Larbi Zarrouk (1822-1902), Tunisian politician

Néziha Zarrouk (born 1946), Tunisian politician and diplomat

Néziha Zarrouk
Néziha Zarrouk, also Naziha, (born 12 December 1946) is a Tunisian politician and diplomat who was a government minister from 1995 to 2002 under Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi.  In 1998, she was able to report on  improvements in women's health and women's rights to the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on "Women and Health" which she hosted in Tunis. From 2003 to 2005, Zarrouk served as Tunisia's ambassador to Lebanon. In May 2019, she became a member of the Tahya Tounes party.
Loto-Tonga Soka Centre
The Loto-Tonga Soka Centre was a football facility in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga. It was funded by FIFA through the world football body's Goal Programme and was opened in 2001. It hosted matches of the first round of the OFC 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. The main office of the Tonga Football Association was also located within the venue. It had a capacity of 1,500 and was home to the Tonga national football team and Veitongo FC. The facility was closed and the land was redeveloped for the construction of the Tonga Football Association Stadium.

Tonga national football team
The Tonga men's national football team (Tongan: timi soka fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international football and is controlled by the Tonga Football Association, which is a part of the Oceania Football Confederation.
Carlos Curbelo
Carlos Luis Curbelo (born March 1, 1980) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Florida's 26th congressional district from 2015 to 2019. In 2018, he was narrowly defeated for re-election by Democrat Debbie Mucarsel-Powell. He is a member of the Republican Party. Prior to his election to the U.S. House, he served on the Dade County School Board.

DREAM Act
The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, known as the DREAM Act, is a United States legislative proposal that would grant temporary conditional residency, with the right to work, to qualified applicants following illegal immigration to the United States as minors—and, if they later satisfy further qualifications, they would attain permanent residency.

In April 2001, United States senators Dick Durbin (D-Illinois) and Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) first introduced the bill in the Senate as S. 1291, but it did not pass. The proposal has since been reintroduced several times, and approved by a majority in the House and in the Senate, but not by sufficient margins as of 2024.
John R. McCravy III
John Robinson McCravy III (born September 6, 1958) is an American attorney and politician. He is a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 13th District, serving since 2016. He is a member of the Republican party and chairman of the Family Caucus within the South Carolina House. In addition to serving in the State House, McCravy is an attorney and teaches law at Lander University. He is the primary sponsor and architect of South Carolina's fetal heartbeat bills.

In May 2025, more than two dozen members of the South Carolina house resigned from the Family Cause due to McCravy's relationship with out-of-state anti-abortion groups that openly criticized members of the Family Caucus.

He is the grandson of state legislator John R. McCravy and great-grandson of state legislator Edwin Parker McCravy.

South Carolina Republican Party
The South Carolina Republican Party (SCGOP) is the state affiliate of the national Republican Party in South Carolina. It is one of two major political parties in the state, along with the South Carolina Democratic Party, and is the dominant party. Incumbent governor Henry McMaster, as well as senators Tim Scott and Lindsey Graham, are members of the Republican party. Graham has served since January 3, 2003, having been elected in 2002 and re-elected in 2008, 2014, and 2020; Tim Scott was appointed in 2013 by then-governor Nikki Haley, who is also a Republican.

Since 2003, every governor of South Carolina has been a Republican. Additionally, Republicans hold a super-majority in both chambers of the South Carolina General Assembly. In 2020, District 1, which was represented by Democrat Joe Cunningham, was won by Republican Nancy Mace; the party now represents six out of seven of the state's congressional districts.
Cash value added
Cash value added (CVA) is a measure of business profitability defined as the EBITDA generated by the business, less tax, less its required return. 
The required return is an annuity based on the purchase price of the assets in use in the business, inflated to today's value of money, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and the economic life of the assets.
CVA can also be expressed as an index, where the CVA is divided by the required return. An index of more than 1.0 will indicate profitability while an index below 1.0 will indicate value destruction.

Weighted average cost of capital
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate that a company is expected to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets. The WACC is commonly referred to as the firm's cost of capital. Importantly, it is dictated by the external market and not by management. The WACC represents the minimum return that a company must earn on an existing asset base to satisfy its creditors, owners, and other providers of capital, or they will invest elsewhere.

Companies raise money from a number of sources: common stock, preferred stock and related rights, debt, convertible debt, and so on. The WACC is calculated taking into account the relative weights of each component of the capital structure.

Companies can use WACC to see if the investment projects available to them are worthwhile to undertake.
Crazy Watto
Crazy Watto is a two-minute-long fan film that made its debut on the Internet in 2000. The film is a spoof of used car deal ads shown on television, featuring Watto from Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. Watto offers up for sale familiar ships (and objects) such as an X-wing with "genuine battle marks used in the Battle of Yavin" for $599.99 and an AT-AT for $999.99. Fans of other sci-fi shows notice that he auctions a Borg cube for $899.99, and also puts up ships from Star Trek and Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future for $29.99 each.

The film played at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival, and is a popular fan film at many science fiction conventions. The film was originally hosted by TheForce.Net, but is now part of The Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards on AtomFilms.

Borg
The Borg are an alien group that appear as recurring antagonists in the Star Trek fictional universe. They are cybernetic organisms (cyborgs) linked in a hive mind called "The Collective". The Borg co-opted the technology and knowledge of other alien species to the Collective through the process of "assimilation": forcibly transforming individual beings into "drones" by injecting nanoprobes into their bodies and surgically augmenting them with cybernetic components. The Borg's ultimate goal is "achieving perfection".

Aside from being recurring antagonists in the Next Generation television series, they are depicted as the main threat in the film Star Trek: First Contact. In addition, they played major roles in the Voyager and Picard series.

The Borg have become a symbol in popular culture for any juggernaut against which "resistance is futile" – a common phrase uttered by the Borg.
Eleutherodactylus aporostegus
Eleutherodactylus aporostegus (commonly known as the Tiburon burrowing frog) is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It was originally described as subspecies of Eleutherodactylus ruthae, but has been formally recognized as a full species since 2008. It is endemic to the Tiburon Peninsula, Haiti.

Eleutherodactylus aporostegus burrows and lays its eggs underground, which is unusual among Eleutherodactylus.

Eleutherodactylidae
The Eleutherodactylidae are a family of direct-developing frogs native to northern South America, the Caribbean, and southernmost North America. They are sometimes known under the common name rain frogs. Formerly the subfamily Eleutherodactylinae of the family Leptodactylidae, it was raised to the family status following a major revision of New World direct-developing frogs in 2008. As currently defined, the family has more than 200 species (as of 2014, 206 or 207 species).

Eleutherodactylid frogs vary considerably in size, from the minuscule Eleutherodactylus iberia (female snout–vent length 10.5 mm (0.41 in)) to the relative giant E. inoptatus (female snout–vent length 88 mm (3.5 in)). Except for the ovoviviparous E. jasperi, these frogs have direct development:  no free-living tadpole stage exists; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.
Johan Cruyff Stadium
Johan Cruyff Stadium (Catalan: Estadi Johan Cruyff) is a football stadium operated by Barcelona in Sant Joan Despí, Province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, located in the Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper, the club's training facility and youth academy, about 7 km from the Camp Nou. The stadium is home to Barcelona Femení, Barcelona B and Juvenil A (U19 A team). It is named in honor of legendary Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff who died in March 2016.

It is a UEFA Category 3 stadium and houses 6,000 supporters. As part of the Espai Barça project, it is the replacement for the Mini Estadi, which was in front of the Camp Nou and was demolished in 2020, and the land of the Mini Estadi will be used to build the Nou Palau Blaugrana.

UEFA stadium categories
UEFA stadium categories are categories for football stadiums laid out in UEFA's  Stadium Infrastructure Regulations. Using these regulations, stadiums are rated as category one, two, three, or four (renamed from elite) in ascending ranking order. These categories replaced the previous method of ranking stadiums on one to five star scale in 2006.

UEFA does not publish lists of stadiums fulfilling the criteria for any of the categories defined in the UEFA Stadium Infrastructure Regulations, but all assigned stadium categories are visible in UEFA's TIME platform, which is not open to the general public.
Wyszogród, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Wyszogród [vɨˈʂɔɡrut] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatowiec, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Opatowiec, 16 km (10 mi) east of Kazimierza Wielka, and 74 km (46 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. As of 2011, the village had 37 males and 32 females, for a total population of 69 people.

Kazimierza Wielka
Kazimierza Wielka ([kaʑiˈmʲɛʐa ˈvʲɛlka] ⓘ) is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of Kraków. It is the administrative seat of Kazimierza County. With a population of 5,848 (2005), it is the smallest county seat in Poland. Kazimierza Wielka is located in Lesser Poland Upland and historically belongs to the province of Lesser Poland. For most of its history, it was a village, and did not receive its town charter until 1959.
Hans-Adam I, Prince of Liechtenstein
Hans-Adam I (Johann Adam Andreas; 16 August 1662 – 16 June 1712) was the son of Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein (1611–1684) and Princess Johanna Beatrix of Dietrichstein (1625–1676).

On 18 January 1699 he acquired the seigneury of Schellenberg, and on 22 February 1712 the county of Vaduz. These two domains would later form the present principality of Liechtenstein. He was also Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf.

Johann did not take up an office at the Imperial court but did case-by-case work, especially as a financial expert. He was known informally as Hans Adam the Rich. Besides managing his property, he took a great interest in art. He bought works by Rubens and van Dyck for his collections and was one of the most generous patrons of his time.

Johann created two memorials to himself, a palace in Bankgasse in Vienna and a summer palace in Rossau. He was the 575th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria.

Duchy of Krnov
The Duchy of Krnov (Latin: Ducatus Carnoviensis, Czech: Krnovské knížectví, Polish: Księstwo Karniowskie) or Duchy of Jägerndorf (German: Herzogtum Jägerndorf) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, which in 1377 emerged from the Duchy of Troppau (Opava), itself a fief of the Bohemian Crown. Its capital was at Krnov in the present-day Czech Republic.
Dakine
Dakine is an American outdoor clothing company specializing in sportswear and sports equipment for adventure sports. Founded in Hawaii, the name comes from the Hawaiian Pidgin phrase "da kine" (derived from "the kind"). While based in Hood River, Oregon (products are manufactured overseas), the company also sponsors athletes from the lifestyle and sporting fields of skiing, snowboarding, mountain biking, surfing, windsurfing, kiteboarding, and skateboarding. The company has since abandoned operations in Oregon and moved its headquarters to Torrance, California.

Sponsor (commercial)
Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services. The individual or group that provides the support, similar to a benefactor, is known as the sponsor.
Cryptochrysa
Cryptochrysa is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae erected by George Hampson in 1926. Its only species, Cryptochrysa auripennis, was first described by William Schaus in 1912. It is found in Costa Rica.

William Schaus
William Schaus (January 11, 1858, in New York City – June 20, 1942) was an American entomologist who became known for his major contribution to the knowledge and description of new species of the Neotropical Lepidoptera.
Bulusan High School
Bulusan High School is the first DepEd recognized public high school in the vicinity of Bulusan Poblacion, province of Sorsogon, Philippines. It was founded October 4, 2000 through the efforts of local government, parents, students, volunteer teachers and Albertini Montenegro Jr., teacher-in-charge (2000-2005), who donated a parcel of land. After two years of operation, the high school department of Bulusan National Vocational Technical School, at San Jose, Bulusan, Sorsogon was turned over to the school. At the first four years of operation the staff was composed mostly of volunteers with some deployed teachers from  neighboring schools. In six years of operation it accommodated the highest enrollment of all high schools in the municipality.

Sorsogon
Sorsogon, officially the Province of Sorsogon (Bikol: Probinsya kan Sorsogon; Waray: Probinsya han Sorsogon; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Sorsogon), is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region. It is the southernmost province in the island of Luzon and is subdivided into fourteen municipalities (towns) and one city. Its capital (and largest city) is Sorsogon City (formerly the towns of Sorsogon and Bacon) and borders the province of Albay to the north.

Sorsogon is at the tip of the Bicol Peninsula and faces the island of Samar to the southeast across the San Bernardino Strait and Ticao Island to the southwest. Sorsoganons is how the people of Sorsogon call themselves.
Kŏnjisansŏng
Kŏnjisansŏng (Korean: 건지산성; Hanja: 乾芝山城; RR: Geonjisanseong) was a Korean fortress in Seocheon County, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, it was made Historic Site of South Korea No. 60.

It is located on the mountain Geonjisan. It was built possibly around the Baekje period; precise dates are unknown. Excavations on it began in 1999. A building in its site from the late Joseon period was confirmed. A small Buddhist temple called Bongseosa was inside the walls.

Korean fortress
Korean fortresses are fortifications constructed by Koreans since the Three Kingdoms of Korea period. Koreans developed a unique and distinct fortress tradition. Korea, beginning with Goguryeo, has been called "a country of fortresses"; almost 2,400 mountain fortress sites have been found in Korea.

There are numerous types of Korean fortresses, including sanseong (mountain fortress), eupseong (city fortress), pyeongjiseong, gwanseong, jangseong, chaekseong, and more.
Singapore National Co-operative Federation
The Singapore National Co-operative Federation (SNCF) is a body of co-operative movements in Singapore. It was formed in September 1980. It is a member of several global co-operative bodies such as the International Co-operative Alliance, the World Council of Credit Unions, and the Association of Asian Confederation of Credit Unions.

International Cooperative Alliance
The International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) is a non-governmental organization established in 1895. The ICA represents 306 cooperative federations and organizations across 105 countries, representing approximately one billion individuals worldwide.