hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Superparasitism
Superparasitism is a form of parasitism in which the host (typically an insect larva such as a caterpillar) is attacked more than once by a single species of parasitoid.  Multiparasitism or coinfection, on the other hand, occurs when the host has been parasitized by more than one species. Host discrimination, whereby parasitoids can identify a host with parasites from an unparasitized host, is present in certain species of parasitoids and is used to avoid superparasitism and thus competition from other parasites. 
Superparasitism can result in  transmission of viruses, and viruses may influence a parasitoid's behavior in favor of infecting already infected hosts, as is the case with Leptopilina boulardi.

Leptopilina
Leptopilina is a genus of parasitoid wasp in the family Figitidae. The genus is best known for the three Drosophila parasitoids Leptopilina boulardi, Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina clavipes, used to study host-parasite immune interactions. The venom released by L. heterotoma during oviposition contains virus-like particles that delay host larval development and suppress the host cellular immune response. There is no evidence that these virus-like particles are the products of viral DNA as described in other parasitoid taxa.

Leptopilina japonica is a parasitoid of Drosophila suzukii which is an important pest in fruit production. It was first captured in November 2020 as bycatch from a Vespa mandarinia trap in Washington State - the first find of this species in the United States. This may help to control D. suzukii in North America.
Viresh Pratap Chaudhry
Viresh Pratap Chaudhry was an Indian social worker, politician and the president of Arya Anthyalay, a non governmental organization.  He was born in 1938 in Delhi and after joining Indian National Congress, he became the general secretary of Indian Youth Congress. He left the party to join Janata Dal and became the president of the Delhi Pradesh unit. Later he quit Janata Dal and became a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was involved in many social activities, primarily under the aegis of Arya Anthyalay of which he was the president of the Delhi Pataudi House unit. Chaudhry was honored by the Government of India, in 2002, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri He died on 5 September 2013 at Delhi, leaving behind his wife, Bala, and daughter Sangeeta and son, Nitinjya.

India portal

Janata Dal
Janata Dal (lit. 'People's Party') was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Lok Dal, Jagjivan's Congress, and Jan Morcha on 11 October 1988—the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.
Finn Nygaard
Finn Nygaard (born 1955) is a graphic designer from Denmark. He has worked professionally in many fields of graphical design, including corporate identity, colour setting, posters, graphic art, layout, and photography. He has exhibited in major galleries and museums around the world and his productions has won him many awards and professional recognition internationally. Nygaard is member of Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) since 1997 and a Graphis Master of Design from 2011.

Finn Nygaard lives and works on the island of Mors in the Limfjord area of Northern Jutland.

North Jutland Region
The North Jutland Region (Danish: Region Nordjylland), or in some official sources, the North Denmark Region, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which abolished the traditional counties (amter) and set up five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 before 1 January 2006, when Ærø Municipality was created, to 98. North Jutland Region has 11 municipalities. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favor of the local level and the central government in Copenhagen.
SFD
SFD may stand for:

Sacramento Fire Department, Sacramento, California

Salford Central railway station, Greater Manchester, England (National Rail station code)

Seattle Fire Department, Seattle, Washington

Software Freedom Day

Start frame delimiter of an Ethernet frame

Schwarze Filmschaffende in Deutschland, a professional association based in Berlin, Germany

NYSE indicator of Smithfield Foods

Snake fungal disease

Spline Font Database, a FontForge font file format

Shit flow diagram

Stratford railway station, Victoria

Seconds from Disaster, a US/UK-produced documentary series

Stratford railway station, Victoria
Stratford railway station is a regional railway station on the Gippsland line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the town of Stratford, in Victoria, Australia, and opened on 8 November 1887. It was closed in August 1993 and reopened on 3 May 2004.
Alternative therapies for developmental and learning disabilities
Alternative therapies for developmental and learning disabilities include a range of practices used in the treatment of dyslexia, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, Down syndrome and other developmental and learning disabilities. Treatments include changes in diet, dietary supplements, biofeedback, chelation therapy, homeopathy, massage and yoga. These therapies generally rely on theories that have little scientific basis, lacking well-controlled, large, randomized trials to demonstrate safety and efficacy; small trials that have reported beneficial effects can be generally explained by the ordinary waxing and waning of the underlying conditions.

Yoga as therapy
Yoga as therapy is the use of yoga as exercise, consisting mainly of postures called asanas, as a gentle form of exercise and relaxation applied specifically with the intention of improving health. This form of yoga is widely practised in classes, and may involve meditation, imagery, breath work (pranayama) and calming music as well as postural yoga.

At least three types of health claims have been made for yoga: magical claims for medieval haṭha yoga, including the power of healing; unsupported claims of benefits to organ systems from the practice of asanas; and more or less well supported claims of specific medical and psychological benefits from studies of differing sizes using a wide variety of methodologies.

Systematic reviews have found beneficial effects of yoga on low back pain and depression, but despite much investigation, little or no evidence of benefit for specific medical conditions. The study of trauma-sensitive yoga has been hampered by weak methodology.
2012 Farmers Classic – Doubles
The 2012 Farmers Classic Doubles was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Los Angeles, California.

Xavier Malisse, with fellow countryman Ruben Bemelmans, defended his title, defeating Jamie Delgado and Ken Skupski 7–6(7–5), 4–6, [10–7] in the final. Mark Knowles and  Malisse were the defending champions but Knowles decided not to participate.

Jamie Delgado
Jamie Delgado  (born 21 March 1977) is a British tennis coach and former professional player. Delgado has represented Great Britain in the Davis Cup, most recently in 2006.

Delgado holds the all-time male record for playing in consecutive Wimbledon tournaments, playing for the 23rd time in 2014 at the age of 37.

His best singles performance at Wimbledon was reaching the second round, on three occasions (1999, 2001 and 2006).

He reached the quarter-finals of the President's Cup tournament in Kazakhstan in 2000. In total he has won three singles Challenger Tour titles but as the years passed, he became more predominantly a doubles specialist player where he has had better success winning fifteen challenger Tour titles and making the final of two ATP Tour events both in 2012. He has coached Gilles Müller, Andy Murray, Denis Shapovalov, Grigor Dimitrov and Jack Draper.
Thais Ferreira
Thais de Souza Ferreira (born 19 September 1988) is a Brazilian community activist and politician who has been a councilwoman for the Municipal Chamber of the city of Rio de Janeiro since 2021. A community leader in the neighborhood of Irajá, in the North Zone, she entered politics with the encouragement of councilwoman Marielle Franco, who had been assassinated in March 2018, becoming a first substitute for the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) in 2018.

Irajá
Irajá is a neighborhood of middle class and lower middle in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The neighborhood is divided by Brazil Avenue. Today it is a neighborhood of medium size, with a little more than 200,000 inhabitants. It borders the neighborhoods of Brás de Pina, Vila da Penha, Vicente de Carvalho, Vaz Lobo, Turiaçu, Rocha Miranda, Colégio, Coelho Neto, Acari, Pavuna, Parque Colúmbia, Jardim América, Vigário Geral, Parada de Lucas, Cordovil and Vista Alegre. Its human development index, in the year 2000, was 0.798, the 95th best in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Dae Gak
Dae Gak (born 1947), born Robert Genthner, is a Zen master and the guiding teacher of Furnace Mountain in Clay City, Kentucky, a Korean Buddhist temple and retreat center co-founded in 1986 with Seung Sahn. He received Dharma transmission from Seung Sahn in 1994, and now teaches independently of Seung Sahn's Kwan Um School of Zen. In addition to Furnace Mountain he serves as guiding teacher for other Zen groups in North America, Germany and England. He also holds a Ph.D. in psychology and is currently a licensed psychologist in the state of Kentucky.

Zen master
Zen master is a somewhat vague English term that arose in the first half of the 20th century, sometimes used to refer to an individual who teaches Zen Buddhist meditation and practices, usually implying longtime study and subsequent authorization to teach and transmit the tradition themselves.
Why Does Herr R. Run Amok?
Why Does Herr R. Run Amok? (German: Warum läuft Herr R. Amok?) is a 1970 West German drama film directed by Michael Fengler and Rainer Werner Fassbinder. It was entered into the 20th Berlin International Film Festival.

20th Berlin International Film Festival
The 20th annual Berlin International Film Festival, usually called the Berlinale, was opened on 26 June 1970 with French-Belgian film Klann – grand guignol by Patrick Ledoux and scheduled to end on 7 July. However, on 5 July the competition was cancelled and no major prizes were awarded owing to a controversy surrounding the participation of Michael Verhoeven's West-German anti-war film o.k.

The film was controversial for reenacting the 1966 Incident on Hill 192 of the Vietnam War in the Bavarian forest. It depicted four American soldiers kidnapping, raping, stabbing and shooting a Vietnamese girl named Mao until she finally dies. A fifth soldier on the patrol refuses to take part in the attack on the girl and his report to his commander is buried in the files. The film was claimed to be anti-American by the American film director George Stevens.
1994 South African Open (tennis)
The 1994 South African Open, also known as the Sun City Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 89th edition of the South African Open and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It took place in Sun City, South Africa from 28 March through 3 April 1994. German Markus Zoecke won the singles final against compatriot Hendrik Dreekmann.

SA Tennis Open
The SA Tennis Open was a professional men's tennis tournament in South Africa that ran for three years from 2009 to 2011. It marked the return of tennis at the ATP level to South Africa since the South African Open folded, but does not claim its predecessor's history.

The tournament was played on outdoor hard courts, each February at Montecasino in Johannesburg.
Heidelstein
The Heidelstein, between Bischofsheim an der Rhön in the Bavarian county of Rhön-Grabfeld and Wüstensachsen in the Hessian county of Fulda, is a mountain, 925.7 m above sea level (NHN) high, on the state border in the mountains of the High Rhön, part of the German Central Upland range of Rhön. Its actual summit is in Bavaria. Sometimes its main peak is also called Schwabenhimmel.

On the Heidelstein are the Heidelstein Transmitter and a memorial of the  Rhön Club. On the northwestern slopes is the source of the River Ulster and on the western mountainside is the Rotes Moor Cross Country Skiing Centre.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Stockholm format
Stockholm format is a multiple sequence alignment format used by Pfam, Rfam and Dfam, to disseminate protein, RNA and DNA sequence alignments. The alignment editors Ralee, Belvu and Jalview support Stockholm format as do the probabilistic database search tools, Infernal and HMMER, and the phylogenetic analysis tool Xrate. Stockholm format files often have the filename extension .sto or .stk.

Filename extension
A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe) that indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically delimited from the rest of the filename with a full stop (period), but in some systems it is separated with spaces.

Some file systems, such as the FAT file system used in DOS, implement filename extensions as a feature of the file system itself and may limit the length and format of the extension, while others, such as Unix file systems, the VFAT file system, and NTFS, treat filename extensions as part of the filename without special distinction.
HMS Colchester
Six ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Colchester, after the town of Colchester:

English ship Colchester (1654) was a 24-gun ship launched in 1654 and sunk in action in 1666.

HMS Colchester (1664) was an 8-gun ketch launched in 1664 and captured by the French in 1667.

HMS Colchester (1694) was a 48-gun fourth-rate frigate launched in 1694. She foundered in 1704.

HMS Colchester (1707) was a 54-gun fourth-rate frigate launched in 1707, rebuilt in 1721 and broken up in 1742.

HMS Colchester (1744) was a 50-gun fourth-rate frigate launched in 1744 and wrecked later that year on the Kentish Knock.

HMS Colchester (1746) was a 50-gun fourth-rate frigate launched in 1746 and broken up in 1773.

HMS Colchester (1918) was built for the Great Eastern Railway as a cargo ship and requisitioned in 1942 as a wreck dispersal vessel.

HMS Colchester Castle was a planned Castle-class corvette, cancelled in 1943.

Castle-class corvette
The Castle-class corvette was an ocean going convoy escort developed by the United Kingdom during the Second World War. It was the follow-on to the Flower-class corvette, and designed to be built in shipyards that were producing the Flowers. The Castle-class was a general improvement over the smaller Flowers which were designed for coastal rather than open ocean use.

The Castle-class corvettes started appearing in service during late 1943.
Trine Lotherington Danielsen
Trine Lotherington Danielsen (born 9 March 1967) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

Danielsen grew up in Singsaker, Trondheim. She worked in the aquaculture industry as a head of production for Timar Group in Portugal, consultant for EWOS and managing director of CAC and the Blue Planet Academy. From 2011 to 2015 she served as the mayor of Hjelmeland.

She was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Rogaland for the term 2017–2021. In total she met during 12 days of parliamentary session. In the 2021 election she desired renomination, but only managed to win a 17th slot.

In February 2020 she was appointed to Solberg's Cabinet as a State Secretary for the Minister of Fisheries in the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries. She served as a State Secretary until Solberg's Cabinet fell in October 2021.

Singsaker
Singsaker is a neighbourhood in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Midtbyen in Trondheim Municipality. The neighborhood lies north of the neighborhood of Moholt, east of Gløshaugen, west of Tyholt and Rosenborg, and south of Bakklandet. The area consists almost completely of residential villa housing, despite being quite close to the city center of Trondheim.

The neighbourhood is regarded as one of the most affluent in the city, although its close proximity to the Norwegian University of Science and Technology makes it a popular place for student housing, including Singsaker Studenterhjem. Between 1927 and 1968, Singsakerlinjen tram line went from the city center to Singsaker, extending onward to Rosenborg.
We Are Love (The Charlatans album)
We Are Love is the fourteenth album by English band the Charlatans, released on 31 October 2025 through BMG Rights Management. The album's title track was released as the lead single on 14 July 2025. The album is their first to be recorded at Rockfield since 1997's Tellin' Stories.

Kevin Godley
Kevin Michael Godley (born 7 October 1945) is an English singer-songwriter, drummer and music video director. He was a singer and drummer of the art rock band 10cc and later was part of collaboration duo Godley & Creme with Lol Creme.
Molecularium Project
The Molecularium Project is an informal science education project of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The project introduces young audiences to the world of atoms and molecules using character driven stories,  animations, games and activities, and molecular visualizations. Rensselaer's three principal scientist and educators behind the project are Linda Schadler, Richard W. Siegel, and Shekhar Garde. The Molecularium Project began as an outreach project of Rensselaer's Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center. To realize the productions, the scientists collaborated with Nanotoon Entertainment, led by writer and director V. Owen Bush, and writer/producer Kurt Przybilla. The Molecularium Project is funded by Rensselaer, the National Science Foundation, and New York State.

Science education
Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.
Franz Nikolaus Finck
Franz Nikolaus Finck (26 June 1867 – 4 May 1910) was a German philologist, born in Krefeld. He was a professor of General Linguistics at the University of Berlin.

Finck visited the Aran Islands of Ireland, where he lived with speakers of Irish Gaelic. His research on the phonology of Irish resulted in the book Die Araner Mundart: Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung des Westirischen (The Aran Dialect: A Contribution to the Study of Western Irish). This work was characteristic of Finck's emphasis on the study of remote dialects of languages.

He went on to work on a broad variety of languages, but was best known to his colleagues for his work on languages of the Caucasus. He also worked extensively on the Armenian language, compiling a grammar of that language.

Finck held the belief (now known to be mistaken) that all of the languages of the Caucasus were related.

Among his students was John Peabody Harrington.

Languages of the Caucasus
The Caucasian languages comprise a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

Linguistic comparison allows the classification of these languages into several language families, with little or no discernible affinity to each other. However, the languages of the Caucasus are sometimes mistakenly referred to as a family of languages. According to Asya Pereltsvaig, "grammatical differences between the three groups of languages are considerable. [...] These differences force the more conservative historical linguistics to treat the three language families of the Caucasus as unrelated."
Daniel Bohan
Daniel Joseph Bohan (November 8, 1941 – January 15, 2016) was a Canadian prelate of the Catholic Church and the Archbishop of the Regina Archdiocese. Prior to his appointment to Regina, Archbishop Bohan was Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto, and a priest in several parishes in New Brunswick.

From 1968 to 1969, Bohan was professor of Moral Theology at Holy Heart Seminary in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

He also has hosted and attended many speaking engagements in the city of Regina. He died of cancer in Regina on January 15, 2016.

Ethics in religion
Ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. A central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life worth living or life that is simply satisfying, which is held by many philosophers to be more important than traditional moral conduct.

Most religions have an ethical component, often derived from purported supernatural revelation or guidance. Some assert that religion is necessary to live ethically. Simon Blackburn states that there are those who "would say that we can only flourish under the umbrella of a strong social order, cemented by common adherence to a particular religious tradition".
Hôtel de Ville, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil], City Hall) is a municipal building in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Val-de-Marne, France in the southeastern suburbs of Paris standing on Avenue Victor Hugo. It has been included on the Inventaire général des monuments by the French Ministry of Culture since 1986.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.