hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treene (river)
The Treene (German pronunciation: [ˈtʁeːnə]; Danish: Trenen) is a river, hydrologically 95 km (59 mi) and nominally 73.4 km (45.6 mi) long, in Southern Schleswig in the north of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is a right-bank tributary of the River Eider. It starts in northern Angeln, southeast of Flensburg, and flows mainly south-south-west before joining the Eider near Friedrichstadt.

The upper course are called Bondenau (Danish: Bondeå) and Kielsau (Danish: Kilså). Its source is situated in the ground of Mohrkirch.  The name 'Treene' begins at the Treßsee (Danish: Træsø) lake near Großsolt in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg. After about 73 km (45 mi) it reaches the town of Friedrichstadt (in Nordfriesland district). There it is released through valves into the estuary of the Eider, 25 km (16 mi) above the Eider Barrage. It is the most important tributary of the River Eider. Since the construction of Kiel Canal it has been even stronger than the Eider river.

Nordfriesland (district)
Nordfriesland (German pronunciation: [nɔʁtˈfʁiːslant] ⓘ; Danish: Nordfrisland; North Frisian: Nordfraschlönj [nɔʀdˈfʀaʃlœɲ] Low German: Noordfreesland), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia (with the exception of the island of Heligoland), as well as adjacent parts of the Schleswig Geest to the east and Stapelholm to the south, and is bounded (from the east and clockwise) by the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland.  The district is called Kreis Nordfriesland in German, Kreis Noordfreesland in Low German, Kris Nordfraschlönj in Mooring North Frisian, Kreis Nuurdfresklun in Fering North Frisian and Nordfrislands amt in Danish.

As of 2008, Nordfriesland was the most visited rural district in Germany.
Christophe Kalenzaga
Christophe Kalenzaga (born 1910 in Oualaga, Burkina Faso, and died April 25, 1994, in Ouagadougou) was a politician from Burkina Faso who was elected for French Upper Volta to the French Senate in 1948.
On November 14, 1948, he was elected, on May 18, 1952, and June 8, 1958, reelected.
On July 15, 1959, his mandate ended due to the Termination of mandate pursuant to Order No. 58-974 of October 17, 1958, relating to the provisional operation of public authorities.
From February 21, 1964, till 1967 he was Ambassador of the Republic of Upper Volta to Bonn.

Republic of Upper Volta
The Republic of Upper Volta (French: République de Haute-Volta) was a landlocked West African country established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing state within the French Community. Before becoming autonomous, it had been part of the French Union as the French Upper Volta. On 5 August 1960, it gained full independence from France. On 4 August 1984, it changed its name to Burkina Faso.
1994 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix
The 1994 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Filderstadt Tennis Centre in Filderstadt, Germany and was part of the Tier II of the 1994 WTA Tour. It was the 17th edition of the tournament and was held from 10 October to 16 October 1994. Eighth-seeded Anke Huber won the singles title and earned $80,000 first-prize money as well as 300 ranking points.

Filderstadt
Filderstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪldɐˌʃtat] ⓘ; Swabian: Fildorsdadd) is a town in the district of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located approximately 13 km south of Stuttgart.

Filderstadt is located next to the Stuttgart Airport and the new Trade Fair. Line S2 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn terminates at Filderstadt station.

Filderstadt was created as a town in 1975 from five smaller villages called Bernhausen, Bonlanden, Plattenhardt, Sielmingen and Harthausen.

From 1978 to 2005, it played host to the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, a WTA Tier II event.

Princess Claire of Luxembourg was born here on 21 March 1985.

German writer Michael Ende, author of The Neverending Story, died in Filderstadt in 1995.
Morpho menelaus
The Menelaus blue morpho (Morpho menelaus) is one of 30 species of butterfly in the subfamily Morphinae. Its wingspan is about 12 cm (4.7 in), and its dorsal forewings and hindwings are a bright, iridescent blue with black edges, while the ventral surfaces are brown. Its iridescent wings are an area of interest in research due to their unique nanostructure. Due to its characteristic blue color, Morpho menelaus is considered valuable among collectors and was widely hunted in the 20th century.

Iridescence
Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear gradually to change colour as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes. Iridescence is caused by wave interference of light in microstructures or thin films. Examples of iridescence include soap bubbles, feathers, butterfly wings and seashell nacre, and minerals such as opal. Pearlescence is a related effect where some or most of the reflected light is white. The term pearlescent is used to describe certain paint finishes, usually in the automotive industry, which actually produce iridescent effects.
CDKN2A
CDKN2A, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, is a gene which in humans is located at chromosome 9, band p21.3. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. The gene codes for two proteins, including the INK4 family member p16 (or p16INK4a) and p14arf. Both act as tumor suppressors by regulating the cell cycle. p16 inhibits cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) and thereby activates the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of proteins, which block traversal from G1 to S-phase. p14ARF (known as p19ARF in the mouse) activates the p53 tumor suppressor. Somatic mutations of CDKN2A are common in the majority of human cancers, with estimates that CDKN2A is the second most commonly inactivated gene in cancer after p53. Germline mutations of CDKN2A are associated with familial melanoma, glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. The CDKN2A gene also contains one of 27 SNPs associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.

Retinoblastoma protein
The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers. One function of pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is inactivated by phosphorylation, and the cell cycle is allowed to progress. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodeling enzymes such as methylases and acetylases.

pRb belongs to the pocket protein family, whose members have a pocket for the functional binding of other proteins. Should an oncogenic protein, such as those produced by cells infected by high-risk types of human papillomavirus, bind and inactivate pRb, this can lead to cancer. The RB gene may have been responsible for the evolution of multicellularity in several lineages of life including animals.
Walls and Mirrors
Walls And Mirrors is a computer science textbook, for undergraduates taking a second computer science course (typically on the subject of data structures and algorithms), originally written by Paul Helman and Robert Veroff. The book attempts to strike a balance between being too mathematically rigorous and formal, and being so informal, practical, and hands-on that computer science theory is not taught.

The "walls" of the title refer to the abstract data type (ADT) which has a wall between its public interface and private implementation. Early languages like Pascal did not build this wall very high; later languages like Modula-2 did create a much stronger wall between the two; and object-oriented languages such as C++ and Java implement walls using the class concept.

The "mirrors" of the title refer to recursion. The idea is of looking at a reflection in two mirrors placed in opposition to one another, so a repeated image is reflected smaller and smaller in them.

Recursion
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself. Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic. The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition. While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances (function values), it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur.

A process that exhibits recursion is recursive. Video feedback displays recursive images, as does an infinity mirror.
Otis Hill
Otis Hill (born 31 March 1974) is an American former professional basketball player. He played as a power forward. He graduated from Pleasantville High School in New York State, played basketball there and won many awards. At Pleasantville High School, Otis was also a standout in football and a member of the 1991 undefeated season when the team was ranked #1 in the state. Otis went on to play at Syracuse University, and professionally in Belgium, Spain (LEB), Italy, Israel, Poland, and for BC Odesa in the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague, before retiring in 2009.

Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague
The Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague (USL) (Ukrainian: Українська баскетбольна суперліга, romanized: Ukrainska basketbolna superliha) is the first-tier level of professional basketball league in Ukraine. Established in 1992, the league is currently contested by 10 clubs. It is a tier above the Ukrainian Higher League and allows for one team from the Higher League each season to be promoted.

The league exists out of a regular season, in which team play for playoff-seeding, followed by playoffs to determine the Ukrainian champion. Budivelnyk is the most successful team in league history with 11 titles. The winners of the Superleague qualify for the qualifying rounds of the Basketball Champions League (BCL).
Plocama putorioides
Plocama putorioides is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is subshrub endemic to the central and eastern Hajhir Mountains on island of Socotra in Yemen. It grows in low montane evergreen shrubland on granite from 900 to 1,550 metres elevation.

Socotra
Socotra, locally known as Saqatri, is a Yemeni island in the Indian Ocean. It is situated between the Gulf of Aden, the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea, and lies near major shipping routes. The largest of the six islands in the Socotra archipelago, it comprises around 95% of the landmass of the archipelago. It lies 380 kilometres (205 nautical miles) south of the Arabian Peninsula and 232 km (125 nmi) east of the Horn of Africa. The inhabitants of the island are called Socotrans, and they speak Arabic and Soqotri.

Socotra is home to a high number of unique species that are endemic. Up to a third of its plant life is unique. Due to the island's unusual geography, it has been described as "the most alien-looking place on Earth". The island measures 132 km (82 mi) in length and 42 km (26 mi) across at its widest. In 2008, Socotra was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Glace Bay-Dominion
Glace Bay-Dominion is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

The Member of the Legislative Assembly since 2021 is John White of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

It was created in 1933 when the district of Cape Breton was divided into five electoral districts, one of which was named Cape Breton East. In 2001, the district name was changed to Glace Bay. In 2003, the district lost a small area at its southern tip to Cape Breton West. Following the 2019 redistribution, it gained the Dominion area from Cape Breton Centre and was renamed Glace Bay-Dominion.

Dominion, Nova Scotia
Dominion is an unincorporated community in Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Regional Municipality. It is located immediately west of the larger centre of Glace Bay.

Founded in 1906, Dominion got its name from the local Dominion Coal Company and owed its birth to the coal mining industry as did many of the local communities.  Coal was king, and remnants of many old mine workings still run under the town.  The local school, MacDonald High sank slightly into one of these mine workings and subsequently had to be torn down.
Vincenzo Maria Miglietti
Vincenzo Maria Miglietti (Moncalieri, 25 May 1809 – Nichelino, 14 July 1864) was an Italian politician and senator of the Kingdom. He was Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Kingdom of Italy in the first Ricasoli government.

Minister of Justice (Italy)
This is a list of the Italian ministers of justice since 1946. The minister of justice is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet and leads the Ministry of Justice.

The first Italian minister of justice is Giovanni Battista Cassinis, member of the Historical Right, who held the office in 1861 in the government of Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour; while the longest-serving minister was Alfredo Rocco, who served in the fascist government of Benito Mussolini from 1925 until 1932. The current minister is Carlo Nordio, appointed on 22 October 2022 in the government of Giorgia Meloni.
Manfred Katz
Manfred Katz (August 18, 1934 – July 2, 2006) was a German-Israeli restaurateur who established Israel's first pizza chain, Rimini, that had more than 30 branches in Israel during the 1980s. Throughout his life, Katz designed and operated more than 100 restaurants of different cuisines primarily in Germany and Israel. By age 42 Katz had 52 restaurants in Hamburg, Germany including pizza parlors, steakhouses, delis and night clubs. Katz was also often referred to as “the pizza king of Hamburg.”

Restaurateur
A restaurateur is a person who opens and runs restaurants professionally. Although over time the term has come to describe any person who owns a restaurant, it traditionally refers to a highly skilled professional who is proficient in all aspects of the restaurant business.
David Davidson Hay
David Davidson Hay (January 28, 1828 – June 14, 1908) was an Ontario political figure. He represented Perth North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1883 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Dundee, Scotland in 1828. In 1849, he married Jane Rogerson. He served as reeve for Elma Township and Listowel. Hay was Immigration Commissioner to Scotland for Ontario from 1873 to 1874 and General Immigration Agent for Ontario from 1874 to 1875. He ran unsuccessfully for the same seat in the provincial assembly in 1867. Hay moved to Stratford in 1884 after he was named registrar of deeds for North Perth.

His nephew F. Wellington Hay later served in the provincial assembly and the House of Commons.

Stratford, Ontario
Stratford is a city on the Avon River within Perth County in southwestern Ontario, Canada, with a 2021 population of 33,232 in a land area of 30.02 square kilometres (11.59 sq mi). Stratford is the seat of Perth County, which was settled by English, Irish, Scottish and German immigrants, in almost equal numbers, starting in the 1820s but primarily in the 1830s and 1840s. Most became farmers; even today, the area around Stratford is known for mixed farming, dairying and hog production.

The area was settled by Europeans in 1832, and the town and river were named after Stratford-upon-Avon, England. Stratford was incorporated as a town in 1859 and as a city in 1886. The first mayor was John Corry Wilson Daly. The swan has become a symbol of the city. Each year, twenty-four white swans are released into the Avon River. The town is noted for the Stratford Festival, which performs Shakespearean plays and other genres from May to October.
Sirens (American band)
Sirens is an American metalcore band from Terre Haute, Indiana formed in 2011. They released their debut EP, entitled Spore, in June 2012, before releasing a remixed and remastered version of the EP via Imminence Records on November 13, 2012. In 2013, Sirens competed in the Ernie Ball Battle of the Bands, where they place first nationally amongst the fan vote. On June 18, 2013, Ernie Ball announced Sirens as a winner for Indianapolis's Warped Tour 2013. Sirens has since left Imminence Records.

On June 12, 2015, Sirens announced a new album titled Surge. Surge was released July 28, 2015.

Ernie Ball
Ernie Ball (born Roland Sherwood Ball; August 30, 1930 – September 9, 2004) was an American entrepreneur and musician who developed guitar-related products. Ball began as a club and local television musician and entrepreneur, building an international business in guitars and accessories. Ernie Ball Inc. is the eponymous corporation Ball started to market guitar accessories.
Schlissel
Schlissel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan Schlissel (born 1970), American record producer and record-label founder (Stand Up! Records, -ismist Recordings)

David A. Schlissel, American energy consultant

Lillian Schlissel (born 1930), American historian, professor and author

Mark Schlissel (born 1957), American academic

Yishai Schlissel (born 1975), Israeli homophobic criminal

-ismist Recordings
-ismist Recordings  was an American independent record label founded in 1992 by Dan Schlissel. Over the 1990s, -ismist released nearly 80 albums and singles by bands including Killdozer, Season to Risk, and House of Large Sizes. It was based in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. It is most widely known for comedy albums by Lewis Black and Doug Stanhope, as well as Iowa metal band Slipknot's 1996 debut/demo, Mate.Feed.Kill.Repeat. By the early 2000s, after Slipknot had moved on to major label Roadrunner Records and Schlissel had found greater success with comedians like Black and Stanhope than with indie rock, he changed his focus to comedy albums on a new, Minneapolis-based label, Stand Up! Records, which eventually replaced -ismist entirely.
FIVB Volleyball World League statistics
This article gives the summarized final standings of each FIVB Volleyball World League tournament, an annual competition involving national men's volleyball teams. The most successful teams, as of 2017, have been: Brazil, 9 times (1993, 2001, 2003–07, 2009–10) and Italy, 8 times (1990–92, 1994–95, 1997, 1999–2000). The competition has been won 3 times by Russia (2002, 2011, 2013), twice by United States (2008, 2014) and France (2015, 2017) and once by Netherlands (1996), Cuba (1998), Poland (2012) and Serbia (2016).

Italy men's national volleyball team
The Italy men's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. The national team is controlled by the Italian Volleyball Federation, the governing body for Volleyball in Italy. It is one of the most successful national teams in the history of volleyball, having won five World Championships (1990, 1994, 1998, 2022 and 2025), seven European Championships (1989, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2005, and 2021), one World Cup (1995), and eight World Leagues (1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2000). Italy is the reigning world champion, having won the 2025 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship on 28 September 2025. Italy equaled a record previously held by the USSR by becoming world volleyball champions in both men’s and women’s competitions — a feat the Soviet Union had achieved in 1952 and 1960.
Pristimantis angustilineatus
Pristimantis angustilineatus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the Cordillera Occidental in Chocó, Risaralda, and Valle del Cauca Departments, at elevations of 1,700–2,500 m (5,600–8,200 ft) asl. The specific name angustilineatus refers to the narrow white dorsolateral lines and comes from Latin angustus (="narrow") and lineatus (="of a line").

Risaralda Department
Risaralda (Spanish pronunciation: [risaˈɾalda]) is a department of Colombia. It is located in the western central of the country, in the Andean region, It is part of the Coffee axis with Caldas and Quindío. Its capital is Pereira. Risaralda is very well known for the high quality of its coffee, and a booming industry: automotive, clothes, food, trading of goods and services.

It was divided from the department of Caldas in 1966. The territory is very mountainous and has many kinds of climates in a very small area. Its proximity to harbours such as Buenaventura on the Pacific Region and to the biggest cities in Colombia – Bogotá, Cali, Medellín – makes it a fast-growing economic centre.
Laurie Woolery
Laurie Woolery is a Latino playwright, director, and educator based in New York City. She is the director of Public Works at The Public Theater and founding member of The Sol Project. In 2014 she was awarded a Fuller Road Artist Residency for Women Directors of Color. She is best known for her 2017 musical adaptation of As You Like It.

Oregon Shakespeare Festival
The Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) is a regional repertory theatre in Ashland, Oregon, United States, founded in 1935 by Angus L. Bowmer. The Festival now offers matinee and evening performances of a wide range of classic and contemporary plays not limited to Shakespeare. During the Festival, between five and eleven plays are offered in daily rotation six days a week in its three theatres. It welcomed its millionth visitor in 1971, its 10-millionth in 2001, and its 20-millionth visitor in 2015.
Royal Netherlands Chemical Society
The Royal Netherlands Chemical Society (In Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Vereniging, abbreviated: KNCV) is a learned society and professional association founded in 1903 to represent the interests of chemists and chemical engineers in the Netherlands. Currently the organisation has approximately 7,400 members.

The organisation supports the professional development of its members who are involved in the fields of chemistry, life sciences and process technology. The organisation is actively involved in protecting the interests of its members. Furthermore, its supports the development and spread of knowledge and inspiration in the field of chemistry. It publishes journals, books and databases, as well as hosting conferences, seminars and workshops.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.