hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1983 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1983.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Timewheel
The Timewheel (Hungarian: Időkerék) is a large hourglass, situated in Budapest next to City Park, right of Heroes' Square and behind the Palace of Art (Műcsarnok), on the site of a former statue of Lenin that now stands in Memento Park. It is made of granite, steel, and glass, and weighs 60 tons. The sand, which consists of glass granules, flows from the upper to the lower glass chamber over the course of one year.

The sand runs out on New Year's Eve and the Timewheel is then turned 180 degrees so the flow of the sand can resume for the next year. The turning is accomplished by four people pulling cables, and takes roughly 45 minutes to complete. The Timewheel was unveiled on 1 May 2004 to commemorate the historic enlargement of the European Union that admitted Hungary (along with nine other countries) to the EU.

János Herner designed and built the Timewheel after an architectural design done by István Janáky.

City Park (Budapest)
The City Park (Hungarian: Városliget, pronounced [ˈvaːroʃliɡɛt]; German: Stadtwäldchen) is a public park close to the centre of Budapest, Hungary. It is a 0.9-by-0.6-mile (1,400 by 970 m) rectangle, with an area of 302 acres (1.2 km2), located in District XIV of Budapest, between Hungária körút, Ajtósi Dürer sor, Vágány utca and Dózsa György út. Its main entrance is at Heroes' Square (Hősök tere), one of Hungary's World Heritage sites.
Punakaiki River
The Punakaiki River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows predominantly northwest from its sources in the Paparoa Range, reaching the Tasman Sea two kilometres south of the town of Punakaiki. Most of the river's length is within Paparoa National Park.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Black Coffee (play)
Black Coffee is a play by the British crime-fiction author Agatha Christie which was produced initially in 1930, but not published until 1934. The first piece that Christie wrote for the stage, it launched a successful second career for her as a playwright. In the play, a scientist discovers that someone in his household has stolen the formula for an explosive. The scientist calls Hercule Poirot to investigate, but is murdered just as Poirot arrives with Hastings and Inspector Japp.

The successful play was adapted as a film in 1931, but the film is now believed to be lost. In 1998, 22 years after Christie's death, it was re-published in the United Kingdom and the United States in the form of a novel. The novelisation was undertaken by the Australian writer and classical music critic Charles Osborne, with the endorsement of the Christie estate.

The Secret Adversary
The Secret Adversary is the second published detective fiction novel by British writer  Agatha Christie, first published in January 1922 in the United Kingdom by John Lane at The Bodley Head and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company later in that same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $1.75.

The book introduces the characters of Tommy and Tuppence who feature in three other Christie novels and one collection of short stories; the five Tommy and Tuppence books span Agatha Christie's writing career. They are hired for a job that leads them both to many dangerous situations, meeting allies as well, including an American millionaire in search of his cousin.

Reviews were generally positive on this adventure, which manages to keep the identity of the arch-criminal secret to the very end.
Research and Development Institute of Ecology and the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
The Research and Development Institute of Ecology and the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, LLC (Russian: НИИ экологии и рационального использования природных ресурсов), or Research institute of Ecology, the abbreviation is the RSI — a company from Tyumen (Tyumen Oblast, Russia) specializes in development of innovation technologies in the field of environmental protection and nature conservation.

One of the first residents of the business incubator within the West Siberian innovation center. It made itself a name due to the participation in the aftereffects destruction of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico (2010).

Gas flare
A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, flare boom, ground flare, or flare pit, is a gas combustion device used in places such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants and natural gas processing plants, oil or gas extraction sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills.

In industrial plants, flare stacks are primarily used for burning off flammable gas released by safety valves during unplanned overpressuring of plant equipment. During plant or partial plant startups and shutdowns, they are also often used for the planned combustion of gases over relatively short periods.

At oil and gas extraction sites, gas flares are similarly used for a variety of startup, maintenance, testing, safety, and emergency purposes.  In a practice known as production flaring, they may also be used to dispose of large amounts of unwanted associated petroleum gas, possibly throughout the life of an oil well.
Hvalur 9
Hvalur 9 is an Icelandic whaling ship built in 1952 in Norway. It has been a part of the Icelandic whaling fleet operated and owned by the company Hvalur hf. since 1966.

In 1972 and again in 1973 she was requisitioned by the Icelandic Coast Guard, repainted, renamed Týr, after the god from the Norse mythology, and armed with a 57 mm gun and subsequently used to cut the fishing gear from foreign fishing vessels fishing illegally (according to Icelandic law) in a newly claimed fishery zone during the Second Cod War. During her service in the Coast Guard she was nicknamed Hval-Týr (English: Whale-Týr) by the Icelanders and Moby Dick by the British.

Between 1987 and 2006, while commercial whaling ceased in Iceland, the ship remained unused at pier but the recommencement of whaling in Iceland brought it back into action. As of 2022, the ship remains active.

Net cutter (fisheries patrol)
Net cutters, or trawlwire cutters, are secret weapons that were employed by the Icelandic Coast Guard during the latter two Cod Wars to cut the trawling wires of foreign fishing trawlers working within the then newly claimed Exclusive Fisheries zones.

They were invented by Commander Pétur Sigurðsson, Director of the Coast Guard, with assistance from Friðrik Teitsson from the Icelandic lighthouse institution and Tómas Sigurðsson, who were both ironmongers. The invention was known as the trawlwire cutter, and was tested in 1958—but not used until 5 September 1972, after every Icelandic ship had been equipped with it.
Comocladia dodonaea
Comocladia dodonaea, with common names poison ash, and Christmas bush, is a species of tree in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It is native to Caribbean islands.

In the sap of the plant and on the surface of the leaves is an urushiol poison similar to that in poison ivy.

Toxicodendron radicans
Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as eastern poison ivy or poison ivy, is a species of allergenic flowering plant. It has numerous subtaxons and forms both vines and shrubs. Despite its common name, it is not a true ivy, but rather a member of the cashew and sumac family, Anacardiaceae. It is different from western poison ivy, Toxicodendron rydbergii, and resembles a number of species.

The species is found in North America. Although commonly eaten by animals, with birds consuming the seeds, T. radicans is considered a noxious weed. As a poison ivy, it causes urushiol-induced contact dermatitis in most people who touch it, producing an itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful rash.
Kai Altair
Kai Altair is an American singer-songwriter based in Brooklyn, New York.  Altair attended the Manhattan School of Music and the Brooklyn Conservatory, and her style is influenced by dance culture, myth, storytelling, and dreams.

Altair's professional music career began with the founding of the electro rock band The Switch in 2004. She started a solo career in 2009, which began with the release of the EP Star of the Sea on October 31. Her first full-length album, "Dreamwalker", was released in June 2015.

Altair appeared in a Flambeaux Fire production of "The Calling" between 2010 and 2013; the show was a fire musical set in Brooklyn, starring Altair as a young witch on a journey through the spirit world.

Altair is the founder of the annual Mermaid Lagoon Ocean Benefit event, first held as a reaction to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in July 2010.

Spirit world (Spiritualism)
The spirit world, according to spiritualism, is the world or realm inhabited by spirits, both good or evil of various spiritual manifestations. This spirit world is regarded as an external environment for spirits. The Spiritualism religious movement in the nineteenth century espoused a belief in an afterlife where an individual's awareness persists beyond death. Although independent from one another, both the spirit world and the physical world are in constant interaction. Through séances, trances, and other forms of mediumship, these worlds can consciously communicate with each other. The spirit world is sometimes described by mediums from the natural world in trance.
Hans Kmoch
Johann "Hans" Joseph Kmoch (July 25, 1894 – February 13, 1973) was an Austrian-Dutch-American chess International Master (1950), International Arbiter (1951), and a chess journalist and author, for which he is best known.

Richard Bozulich
Richard Bozulich (born 1936) is an American author, publisher of Go books in English and college math instructor. He co-founded the Ishi Press. He has worked with several Japanese professional players.
He had a regular go column in The Daily Yomiuri, which at that time was Japan's largest English-language newspaper.

He lives in Chigasaki, Japan and worked as an instructor of mathematics at Shonan Institute of Technology until 2005, teaching both physics and chemistry at a local college. His father and mother were from Dugi Otok, an island off Zadar in Croatia.

In 2012, Bozulich was a candidate for Comptroller of New York City for the War Veterans Party.
Stort Valley Way
The Stort Valley Way is a long-distance footpath in west Essex, England. The 30-mile (48 km) circular path is centred on Harlow and the Stort Navigation. It is waymarked, and named on Ordnance Survey mapping.

Harlow
Harlow is a town and local government district located in the west of Essex, England. Harlow was a small town until the mid-20th century. In 1947 it was designated as a new town. Housing estates, industrial areas and a new town centre were subsequently developed, lying mostly to the west and south of the old town, which became known as Old Harlow.

The town lies on the south bank of the River Stort, which also forms the county boundary with Hertfordshire. The M11 motorway passes to the east of the town. At the 2021 census the Harlow built up area had a population of 93,580 and the local government district had a population of 93,300.
Soumya Sankar Bose
Soumya Sankar Bose is an Indian documentary photographer, filmmaker and artist. In his practice he uses photography, archival material and text to explore desire, identity and memory. His first book 'Where the Birds Never Sing(2020)' is on Marichjhapi massacre, the forcible eviction in 1979 of lower caste Bengali refugees on Marichjhapi Island in Sundarban, India, and the subsequent death of thousands by police gunfire, starvation, and disease. The Book was shortlisted for the First Photobook award in the  Paris Photo–Aperture Foundation PhotoBook Awards 2020. Soumya Sanker Bose was awarded Magnum Foundation's Social Justice Fellowship for Full Moon on a Dark Night in 2017, was Hello! India's Emerging Artist of the Year in 2023, and received the Louis Roederer Discovery Public Award at Les Rencontres d'Arles for A Discreet Exit Through Darkness in 2023.

Marichjhapi massacre
Marichjhapi massacre or Marichjhapi incident refers to the 1979 eviction of post-partition Bengali refugees who had moved out of the Dandakaranya camps in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and settled in protected forest lands on Marichjhapi island in the Sundarbans, West Bengal. There was a confrontation between the police and the settled population, that led to an economic blockade and later police action was taken to forcibly evict the settlers which all led to several deaths.
Jakarta Planetarium and Observatory
Jakarta Planetarium and Observatory (Indonesian: Planetarium dan Observatorium Jakarta) is a public planetarium and an observatory, part of the Taman Ismail Marzuki Art and Science Complex in Jakarta, Indonesia. The planetarium is the oldest of the three planetaria in Indonesia. The second planetarium is located in Surabaya, East Java. The third planetarium is located in Kutai, East Kalimantan.

Kutai
Kutai is a historical region in what is now the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The region shares its name with the native ethnic group of the region (known as Urang Kutai 'the Kutai people'), with a total population around 300,000, who have their own language known as the Kutainese language which accompanies their own rich history. Today, the name is preserved in the names of three regencies in East Kalimantan province which are the Kutai Kartanegara Regency, the West Kutai Regency and East Kutai Regency with the major river flowing in the heart of the region known as the Mahakam River. The Kutai Martadipura Kingdom (399–1635) was the earliest Hindu kingdom in the East Indies. It was later succeeded by the Muslim sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara (1300–1844).
Matthieu Péché
Matthieu Patrick François Péché (born 7 October 1987, in Épinal) is a former French slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 2003 to 2018, when the C2 category was removed from major events.

He won a bronze medal in the C2 event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. He also competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London where he finished in 4th place in the C2 event.

He won six medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with five golds (C2: 2017, C2 team: 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015) and a bronze (C2: 2015). He also won two golds, a silver and a bronze in the C2 team event at the European Championships.

Péché won the overall world cup title in the C2 category in 2013 and 2015.

His partner in the C2 boat throughout the whole of his career was Gauthier Klauss.

He managed Team Vitality's Counter-Strike team from 2019 to 2024.

2015 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2015 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were the 37th edition of the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. The event took place from 15 to 20 September 2015 in London, United Kingdom, under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF), at the Lee Valley White Water Centre facility, which was also the venue for the canoe slalom events at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

The London bid was selected by the ICF Board of Directors on April 15, 2011 in Paris. London defeated Bourg St.-Maurice in the bidding process.

The event was the only global qualification for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
Suzanne VanOrman
Suzanne VanOrman (born July 1939) is an American politician from Oregon. A Democrat, she was a member of the Oregon House of Representatives, first elected in 2008. VanOrman, who resides in Hood River, represents District 52, which includes all of Hood River County and parts of Clackamas and Multnomah counties. She beat mixed martial artist and Olympic silver medalist Matt Lindland 52%–48% in the 2008 general election.

VanOrman served as Vice-Chair of the Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Communities committees. She also served on the Education and Human Services committees.

In 2010, she lost re-election to Republican Mark Johnson.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
Valeria Narbikova
Valeria Spartakovna Narbikova (Russian: Валерия Спартаковна Нарбикова; 24 February 1958 – 9 November 2024) was a Russian writer.

A member of PEN International from 1990 and of the Union of Writers of Russia from 1991, she wrote numerous works on number and prose.

PEN International
PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centres in more than 100 countries.

Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned, and sometimes killed for their views.
Cyprinella
Cyprinella  is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows.  They are known as the satinfin shiners. They are native to North America, and some are among the most common freshwater fish species on the eastern side of the continent. Conversely, several Cyprinella species with small distributions are threatened and the Maravillas Creek subspecies of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis blairi) is extinct.

The largest species reach around 19 cm (7.5 in) in total length. Breeding males often develop bright coloration. Fish of the genus produce audible sounds during courtship and conflict.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Armando Barreiro Pérez
Armando Barreiro Pérez (born 1 December 1953) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). In 2006–2009 he served as a federal deputy in the 60th Congress, representing the Federal District's eighth district for the PRD.

Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
Clones Abbey
Clones Abbey is a ruined monastery that later became an Augustinian abbey in the twelfth century, and its main sights are ecclesiastical. The Abbey was formerly known as St. Tighernach Abbey, and was referred to locally as the "wee abbey". Parochial and monastic settlements were separated, and it seems likely that the building became the Abbey of St. Peter and Paul. In the Book of Armagh and Annals of Ulster the word Clones is referenced as "Clauin Auis" and "Cluain Auiss," respectively. As there is no word in standard dictionaries of Old Irish that give the form "auis" or "eois", Seosamh Ó Dufaigh has speculated that the word is a cognate of the Welsh word for point or a tip: "awch". Although, Bearnard O'Dubhthaigh disputes this theory on the grounds that the earlier form of "awch" is "afwch". Folklore suggests that the monastic town was originally called "Cluin Innish" on account of it being surrounded by water.

Book of Armagh
The Book of Armagh or Codex Ardmachanus (ar or 61) (Irish: Leabhar Ard Mhacha), also known as the Canon of Patrick and the Liber Ar(d)machanus, is a 9th-century Irish illuminated manuscript written mainly in Latin. It is held by the Library of Trinity College Dublin (MS 52). The document is valuable for containing early texts relating to St Patrick, the 7th century Irish bishop Tírechán, the Irish monk Muirchú. The book contains some of the oldest surviving specimens of Old Irish and for being one of the earliest manuscripts produced by an insular church to contain a near complete copy of the New Testament.