hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Devonshire Inn
The Devonshire Inn is a historic pub in Skipton, a town in North Yorkshire, in England.

The building was constructed in the 18th century as a replacement for an earlier pub on the site, and was originally named the "New Inn".  Its design has been attributed to Richard Boyle.  The building became the "Devonshire Hotel" in 1821, perhaps in reference to Boyle's daughter marrying the future Duke of Devonshire.  The pub was bought by Tetley's Brewery in 1913, then in 2000 by Wetherspoons.  It was refurbished in 2023.  The building was grade II* listed in 1953.

The building is built of stone, painted at the rear, with rusticated quoins, a moulded string course, and a massive eaves cornice. It has three storeys and five bays, the middle three bays projecting under a pediment. Steps lead up to the central doorway that has a moulded architrave and a pediment. The windows are sashes with stone surrounds. Inside, there is an early-18th century staircase, and original doors and window shutters.

Molding (decorative)
Molding (spelled moulding and alternatively called coving in British and Australian English), is a strip of material with various profiles used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. It is traditionally made from solid milled wood or plaster, but may be of plastic or reformed wood.  In classical architecture and sculpture, the molding is often carved in marble or other stones.  In historic architecture, and some expensive modern buildings, it may be formed in place with plaster.

A "plain" molding has right-angled upper and lower edges. A "sprung" molding has upper and lower edges that bevel towards its rear,  allowing mounting between two non-parallel planes (such as a wall and a ceiling), with an open space behind. Moldings may be decorated with paterae as long, uninterrupted elements may be boring for eyes.
Mahdi Abdul Hadi
Mahdi Abdul Hadi (22 March 1944- 15 January 2025) is a political scientist, historian, columnist, author, founder and member of various Palestinian, Arab and international institutions. He founded and heads the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs.

Hadi was born in Nablus but has spent most of his life in Jerusalem. He holds a Ph.D. from the School of Peace Studies at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom. He has devoted most of his life to academic research and dialogue, as well as the publication of this research with the aim of providing a deep understanding of Palestinian issues, past and present – the land, the people, their rights and their leadership – to interested audiences. He has founded and co-founded forums and institutes. For example, he co-founded the Al-Fajr Palestinian daily newspaper in 1972 as well as the Palestinian Council for Higher Education (1977–1980).

University of Bradford
The University of Bradford is a public research university located in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. A plate glass university, it received its royal charter in 1966, making it the 40th university to be created in Britain, but can trace its origins back to the establishment of the industrial West Yorkshire town's Mechanics Institute in 1832.

The student population includes 7,923 undergraduate and 3,742 postgraduate students. Mature students make up around a third of the undergraduate community. A total of 22% of students are foreign and come from over 110 countries. There were 14,406 applications to the university through UCAS in 2010, of which 3,421 were accepted.

It was the first British university to establish a Department of Peace Studies in 1973, which is currently the world's largest university centre for the study of peace and conflict.
Robert Axelrod (political scientist)
Robert Marshall Axelrod (born May 27, 1943) is an American political scientist. He is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has been since 1974. He is best known for his interdisciplinary work on the evolution of cooperation. His current research interests include complexity theory (especially agent-based modeling), international security, and cyber security. His research includes innovative approaches to explaining conflict of interest, the emergence of norms, how game theory is used to study cooperation, and cross-disciplinary studies on evolutionary processes.

Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.

Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry and physics.

In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism.
Saro Getzoyan
Saro Getzoyan is an American software engineer from Lexington, Massachusetts who won a World Series of Poker bracelet in the 2007 $5,000 World Championship Limit Hold'em. Getzoyan, of Armenian descent, earned an undergraduate degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a master's degree from New York University.

Three weeks prior to the event, Getzoyan started a new job.  The night before the final table Getzoyan was worried that if he missed work that he might be fired from his job.  Getzoyan entered the final table as one of the short stacks, so he had figured out an alternative travel arrangement to make it back to Massachusetts without missing work.  As he was not knocked out of the tournament, he missed his flight.  An hour after the tournament was over he was booking his return trip.  "Money doesn't change anything. That's just the way I am," he was reported as saying.

Getzoyan has tournament winnings of over $350,000.

Lexington, Massachusetts
Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 census.  The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans, and was first settled by Europeans c. 1642 as a farming community. Lexington is well known as the site of the first shots of the American Revolutionary War, in the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775, where the "Shot heard 'round the world" took place. It is home to Minute Man National Historical Park.
This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison
"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison" is a poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge during 1797. The poem discusses a time in which Coleridge was forced to stay beneath a lime tree while his friends were able to enjoy the countryside. Within the poem, Coleridge is able to connect to his friends' experience and enjoy nature through them, making the lime tree only a physical prison, not a mental one.

Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The species are known as linden or lime for the European and Asian species, and linden or basswood for North American species and more generally in American literature. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, but the genus also occurs widely in Europe and eastern North America. Under the Cronquist classification system, this genus was placed in the family Tiliaceae, but genetic research summarised by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has resulted in the incorporation of this genus, and of most of the previous family, into the Malvaceae.

Tilia is the only known ectomycorrhizal genus in the family Malvaceae. Studies of ectomycorrhizal relations of Tilia species indicate a wide range of fungal symbionts and a preference toward Ascomycota fungal partners.
Weyl group
In mathematics, in particular the theory of Lie algebras, the Weyl group (named after Hermann Weyl) of a root system Φ is a subgroup of the isometry group of that root system. Specifically, it is the subgroup which is generated by reflections through the hyperplanes orthogonal to at least one of the roots, and as such is a finite reflection group. In fact it turns out that most finite reflection groups are Weyl groups. Abstractly, Weyl groups are finite Coxeter groups, and are important examples of these.

The Weyl group of a semisimple Lie group, a semisimple Lie algebra, a semisimple linear algebraic group, etc. is the Weyl group of the root system of that group or algebra.

Isometry group
In mathematics, the isometry group of a metric space is the set of all bijective isometries (that is, bijective, distance-preserving maps) from the metric space onto itself, with the function composition as group operation. Its identity element is the identity function. The elements of the isometry group are sometimes called motions of the space.

Every isometry group of a metric space is a subgroup of isometries. It represents in most cases a possible set of symmetries of objects/figures in the space, or functions defined on the space. See symmetry group.

A discrete isometry group is an isometry group such that for every point of the space the set of images of the point under the isometries is a discrete set.

In pseudo-Euclidean space the metric is replaced with an isotropic quadratic form; transformations preserving this form are sometimes called "isometries", and the collection of them is then said to form an isometry group of the pseudo-Euclidean space.
2013 U.S. Cellular 250
The 2013 U.S. Cellular 250 presented by the Enlist Weed Control System was the 20th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the second iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, August 3, 2013, in Newton, Iowa at Iowa Speedway, a 7⁄8 mile (1.4 km) permanent D-shaped oval racetrack. The race took the scheduled 250 laps to complete. At race's end, Brad Keselowski, driving for Penske Racing, would pull away on the final restart with 35 to go to win his 23rd NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his third win of the season. To fill out the podium, Sam Hornish Jr. of Penske Racing and Brian Vickers of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Austin Dillon
Austin Reed Dillon (born April 27, 1990) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 3 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Richard Childress Racing. He is the grandson of RCR team owner Richard Childress, the older brother of Ty Dillon, who competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, and the son of Mike Dillon, a former racing driver who currently works as RCR's general manager.

Dillon is the 2011 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series champion, the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series champion, and the winner of the 2018 Daytona 500. He also won the Rookie of the Year award in both series in the year before he won the championship (2010 and 2012, respectively). He also holds the record for most consecutive poles in the Xfinity Series with four. Since 2022, Dillon has also been the general manager of the Carolina Cowboys, a Professional Bull Riders team.
George Pechell Mends
George Pechell Mends (baptized 10 May 1815 – 15 September 1871) was an English sailor and amateur artist.

He joined the Royal Navy in 1824, first serving on his father's ship. After ten years, he became an officer and served on several other ships. His first command was HMS Pioneer and his subsequent commands were HMS Nimrod and HMS Edgar. When the latter was paid off in 1866, he retired as a captain on half-pay. Throughout his service on naval stations all over the world, he painted watercolours which typically showed ships and nautical landscapes.

Rum Cay
Rum Cay (formerly known as Mamana and Santa Maria de la Concepción) is an island and district of The Bahamas. It measures 30 square miles (78 km2) in area, it is located at Lat.: N23 42' 30" - Long.: W 74 50' 00". It has many rolling hills that rise to about 120 feet (37 m).

The main settlement is Port Nelson. Its population was recorded as 90 as of 2022. Before 1996 the island was part of a combined district of San Salvador and Rum Cay.
Television in Angola
Television in Angola was introduced in 1973 at an experimental level with regular broadcasts starting in 1975, the year of Angola’s independence. There was only one local television channel until 2000, when TPA opened its second channel. The first private television station opened in 2008, ending a 33-year monopoly period.

The country uses the PAL format for analog and ISDB-T for digital. Angola became the second African country (after Botswana) to deploy the standard. Implementation of the digital terrestrial system has been sluggish, being announced in 2011, with the first tests being co-ordinated by engineers from Brazilian state company Inatel. As of August 2025, investments worth US$10 million are being made for the implementation of basic ISDB-T equipment.

Timeline of the introduction of television in countries
This is a list of when the first publicly announced television broadcasts occurred in the mentioned countries. Non-public field tests and closed circuit demonstrations are not included.

This list should not be interpreted to mean the whole of a country had television service by the specified date. For example, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the former Soviet Union all had operational television stations and a limited number of viewers by 1939. Very few cities in each country had television service. Television broadcasts were not yet available in most places.
Velvet (given name)
Velvet is an English primarily feminine given name derived from the name for the fabric.

A young Elizabeth Taylor played the horse-crazy 12-year-old Velvet Brown in the 1944 film National Velvet based on the 1935 book by Enid Bagnold. An American television series based on the book and movie aired between 1960 and 1962.

National Velvet
National Velvet is a novel by Enid Bagnold (1889–1981), first published in 1935. It was illustrated by Laurian Jones, Bagnold's daughter, who was born in 1921. The novel tells the story of a teenaged girl who wins a horse racing competition. It was a best-seller, and adapted into a highly successful 1944 film and a 1960-62 television series.
HICESC
Hertfordshire Intensive Care & Emergency Simulation Centre (HICESC) is an advanced teaching facility based at the University of Hertfordshire. At its creation in 1998, it was an inter-Faculty practical laboratory hosted by the Department of Electronic, Communication and Electrical Engineering (ECEE) for access by medical engineering students and jointly established by the Department of Nursing and Paramedic Sciences, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences for use by their students.

The development of this centre has heavily been influenced by a project grant received from the British Heart Foundation, which effectively started in 2000 with the appointment of a "BHF project co-ordinator" and finished in 2003. The project conducted was to investigate the effectiveness of scenario-based simulation training with undergraduate nursing students  using Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE).

British Heart Foundation
The British Heart Foundation (BHF) is a cardiovascular research charity in the United Kingdom. It funds medical research related to heart and circulatory diseases and their risk factors, and runs influencing work aimed at shaping public policy and raising awareness.

In 2021, a study conducted by YouGov ranked the British Heart Foundation as the top charity or organisation in the UK by per cent of adults who hold a positive opinion of the organisation.
Nieuwland (surname)
Nieuwland or Van Nieuwland is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "(from) new land", indicating that a person may have lived on newly recovered land or that he came from any number of places named such. Archaic spellings include Nieuland, Nieulandt and Nijland. Equivalent surnames are Scandinavian Nyland, German Neuland, and English Newland. People named (van) Nieuwland include:

Julius Nieuwland (1878–1936), Belgian-born American chemist and priest

Nicolaas van Nieuwland (1510–1580), Dutch bishop of Haarlem and abbot of Egmond Abbey

Pieter Nieuwland (1764–1794), Dutch nautical scientist, chemist, mathematician, and poet

Rens Nieuwland (born 1953), Dutch jazz-guitarist

Sandra van Nieuwland (born 1977), Dutch singer

(van) Nieuland(t)

Adriaen van Nieulandt the younger (1587–1658), Dutch painter and engraver, brother of Willem

Freddy Nieuland (1944–2008), Belgian drummer and pop rock singer

Willem van Nieulandt II (1584–1635), Dutch painter and engraver, brother of Adriaen

Sandra van Nieuwland
Sandra van Nieuwland (born 16 February 1977 in Delft), also known as Sandra Newland, is a Dutch singer who gained national popularity after her participation in the third season of The Voice of Holland.
Laszlo Lorand
Laszlo Lorand (23 March 1923 – 6 December 2018) was a Hungarian-American biochemist who studied clotting of blood and other bodily fluids. A professor emeritus in cell and molecular biology at the Feinberg School of Medicine, Lorand was a longtime professor in the departments of chemistry and molecular biosciences at Northwestern University before transferring to Northwestern's medical school. Lorand was a co-discoverer of the substance that later became known as factor XIII. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Hungarian Americans
Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok, pronounced [ˈɒmɛrikɒji ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million. The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.
Pteroniscus
Pteroniscus is an extinct genus of prehistoric "palaeoniscoid" ray-finned fish that lived during the Jurassic period in what is now Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Fossils were recovered from the late Middle Jurassic or early Late Jurassic (Callovian/Oxfordian) Karabastau Formation in the Tian Shan mountains.

Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high and located in Kyrgyzstan. Its lowest point is at the Turpan Depression, which is 154 m (505 ft) below sea level.

The Tian Shan is sacred in Tengrism. Its second-highest peak is known as Khan Tengri, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013 Conference on World Heritage, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a World Heritage Site. The western portion in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.
McCalmon
McCalmon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eddie McCalmon (1902–1987), Canadian ice hockey player

Jake McCalmon (born 1986), American politician

Jason McCalmon (born 1987), English boxer

Jake McCalmon
Jake McCalmon (born April 6, 1986) is an American politician from Tennessee. He is a Republican and represents District 63 in the Tennessee House of Representatives.

McCalmon attended Brandman University where he earned a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. His first campaign for the State House was in 2022, when he ran to succeed Glen Casada as the representative for the 63rd district. McCalmon won the Republican primary and went on to defeat Democrat Kisha Davis in the general election.

McCalmon lives in Williamson County with his wife, Rachelle, and their three daughters. He is also a practitioner of the martial arts, specifically Kajukenbo in which he has a seventh degree black belt.

In 2023, McCalmon supported a resolution to expel three Democratic lawmakers from the legislature for violating decorum rules. The expulsion was widely characterized as unprecedented.
Doyne Dawson
James Doyne Dawson (born 27 November 1941 in Cape Girardeau, Missouri) is an American historian and former US Army officer. As of 2002 and 2010, he was Professor of International Affairs at Sejong University, Seoul, Korea, where he taught in the Asian Studies Program.

Dawson graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1963 and received a PhD in ancient history from Princeton University in 1974. He then trained at West Point to become a US Army officer.

He has written about group selection and warfare, and also about theological history.

He taught at Reed College, where he was an assistant professor; Boston University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; High Point University; and Chosun University from 1998 to 2001.

Chosun University
Chosun University (Korean: 조선대학교) is one of the oldest private universities in South Korea.  Its campus is situated in Gwangju metropolitan city, in southwestern South Korea. Around 33,000 students are enrolled.
Anti-Diluvian Chronicles
Anti-Diluvian Chronicles is the fifth compilation album by English doom metal band My Dying Bride, which features both album tracks and new remixes. It is the fourth My Dying Bride compilation album, following 1995's Trinity and 2000's Meisterwerk 1 and Meisterwerk 2.

Doom metal
Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics are intended to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom. The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath, who formed a prototype for doom metal. During the first half of the 1980s, a number of bands such as Witchfinder General and Pagan Altar from England, American bands Pentagram, Saint Vitus, the Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol, and Swedish band Candlemass defined doom metal as a distinct genre.
Jacob C. Gutman
Jacob Charles Gutman (March 19, 1890 – October 10, 1981) was an American businessman and philanthropist. With a group of businessmen he co-founded Philadelphia's Albert Einstein Medical Center in 1953; was president of Philadelphia's Federation of Jewish Agencies and its successor, the Allied Jewish Appeal; and in 1951 became the first Jewish vice-chairman of Philadelphia's United Way not born in the United States or Germany. He was president of Pressman-Gutman Corporation of New York City and Philadelphia, a textile manufacturing concern still in existence.

Gutman's son, Alvin C. "Vene" Gutman (1919–2011), subsequently president of Pressman-Gutman, and Alvin's wife, Mary Bert Gutman, built the Paul J. Gutman Library, the central library at Philadelphia University, in memory of their son, Paul J. Gutman, Jacob's grandson, a textile manufacturer affiliated with his grandfather's company. Paul J. Gutman died in an airplane accident in 1990.

Louis Marshall
Louis Marshall (December 14, 1856 – September 11, 1929) was an American corporate, constitutional and civil rights lawyer as well as a mediator and Jewish community leader who worked to secure religious, political, and cultural freedom for all minority groups.  Among the founders of the American Jewish Committee (AJC), he defended Jewish and minority rights.  He was also a conservationist, and the force behind re-establishing the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, which evolved into today's State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF).