hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yankee tunesmiths
Yankee tunesmiths (also called the First New England School) were self-taught composers active in New England from 1770 until about 1810. Their music was largely forgotten when the Better Music Movement turned musical tastes towards Europe, as in Thomas Hastings's 1822 Dissertation on Musical Taste and other works. The principal tunesmiths were  William Billings, Supply Belcher, Daniel Read, Oliver Holden, Justin Morgan, Lewis Edson, Andrew Law, Timothy Swan, Jacob Kimball Jr., and Jeremiah Ingalls. They composed primarily psalm tunes and fuging tunes (which differ enough from European fugues to warrant the spelling "fuge"), many of which have entered into the Sacred Harp singing tradition.

Lowell Mason
Lowell Mason (January 8, 1792 – August 11, 1872) was an American music director and banker who was a leading figure in 19th-century American church music. Lowell composed over 1,600 hymn tunes, many of which are often sung today.  His best-known work includes an arrangement of "Joy to the World" and the tune Bethany, which sets the hymn text Nearer, My God, to Thee. Mason also set music to Mary Had A Little Lamb. He is largely credited with introducing music into American public schools, and is considered the first important U.S. music educator. He has also been criticized for helping to largely eliminate the robust tradition of participatory sacred music that flourished in North America before his time.
Cowboys for Christ
Cowboys for Christ: On May Day is a novel written by Robin Hardy, first published in 2006 by Luath Press. It is a partial sequel of Hardy's previous film The Wicker Man (1973), dealing with many of the same themes and ideas, namely the clash between paganism and Christianity. There are also similarities to the plot of Harvest Home by Thomas Tryon.

The book's plot revolves around two young Americans, Beth and Steve, who are members of a fundamentalist Protestant Christian group in their home of Texas, U.S.A. Travelling to Scotland in order to preach, they arrive at Tressock, where they are welcomed by the local aristocrat, Sir Lachlan Morrison and his wife, Delia Morrison. What they fail to realise is that the Morrisons and many of the locals are members of a contemporary Pagan religion devoted to the worship of the goddess Sulis, and that they plan to sacrifice the Texan couple on May Day.

Harvest Home (novel)
Harvest Home is a 1973 folk horror novel by American writer Thomas Tryon. A New York Times bestseller, the book became an NBC mini-series in 1978 titled The Dark Secret of Harvest Home, which starred Bette Davis (as Mary Fortune) and David Ackroyd (as Nick Constantine). The miniseries was generally faithful to the plot of the book; however, the name of the protagonist was changed in the film from Ned Constantine to Nick Constantine.
Competition Bureau
The Competition Bureau (French: Bureau de la concurrence) is the independent law enforcement agency in charge of regulating competition in Canada, responsible for ensuring that markets operate in a competitive manner.

Headed by the Commissioner of Competition, the agency is responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Competition Act, as well as the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act (except as it relates to food), Textile Labelling Act, and the Precious Metals Marking Act.

The Bureau falls within the scope of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, and its minister.

Law enforcement agency
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources. The most common type of law enforcement agency is the police, but various other forms exist as well, including agencies that focus on specific legal violations or are organized and overseen by certain authorities. They typically have various powers and legal rights to allow them to perform their duties, such as the power of arrest and the use of force.
Já, truchlivý bůh
Já, truchlivý bůh (I, Mournful God) is a 1969 black-and-white Czech comedy film directed by Antonín Kachlík. Based on stories from Milan Kundera's book Laughable Loves, it stars Miloš Kopecký as Adolf, who relates a tale of spurned love to his friend Apostol (Pavel Landovský). Adolf has his friend to pose as an opera conductor to seduce the young woman (Hana Lelitová), as she loves opera, and then spurn her.

Laughable Loves
Laughable Loves (Czech: Směšné lásky) is a collection of seven short stories by Milan Kundera which mix the extremes of tragedy with comic situations in (mostly romantic) relationships. The book was introduced to Western audiences in 1975, when American writer- Philip Roth, chose to include the collection of short stories in his series of writing from Eastern Europe titled "Writers from the Other Europe".

Roth characterises the stories as having "a distinctive narrative turn toward erotic play, comic analysis, and extended philosophical speculations."
Children's Literature (journal)
Children's Literature is an academic journal and annual publication of the Modern Language Association and the Children's Literature Association Division on Children's Literature. The journal was founded in 1972 by Francelia Butler and promotes a scholarly approach to the study of children's literature by printing theoretical articles and essays, as well as book reviews. The publication is currently edited by Amanda Cockrell, of Hollins University in Roanoke, Virginia. The current editor in chief is R. H. W. Dillard.

Children's Literature is published annually in May by the Johns Hopkins University Press. Each issue has an average length of 300 pages.

Hollins University
Hollins University is a private university in Hollins, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1842 as Valley Union Seminary in the historical settlement of Botetourt Springs, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher education for women in the US.

Hollins enrolls about 800 undergraduate and graduate students. As Virginia's first chartered women's college, undergraduate programs are female-only. Men are admitted to the graduate-level programs.
Celebration in the Air
Celebration in the Air (Chinese: 飛躍奇妙) is a year-long event celebrating Hong Kong Disneyland's 5th Anniversary, which has been held in Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, Penny's Bay, Lantau Island, Hong Kong.

Although the official day of the park's 5th anniversary was 12 September 2010, the event officially begins on 21 January 2011, which was also a day for press events and premieres.

Lantau Island
Lantau Island (also Lantao Island, Lan Tao or Lan Tau) is the largest island in Hong Kong. Located west of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, it is part of the New Territories. Administratively, most of Lantau Island is part of the Islands District of Hong Kong. A small northeastern portion of the island is located in the Tsuen Wan District.

Originally an island with fishing villages, it has been developed since the late 20th century with the construction of Tung Chung New Town on its north-western coast and the completion of several major infrastructure projects, including Lantau Link (1997), Hong Kong International Airport (1998), Hong Kong Disneyland (2005), and the Ngong Ping 360 gondola lift (2006).
Tenkovsky District
Tenkovsky District (Russian: Теньковский район; Tatar: Тәмте районы) was a district (raion) of the Tatar ASSR.

It had a population of 23,504 (1939), an area of about 806 square kilometers and was divided into 20 selsoviets in 1947.

It was established on February 14, 1927, and was abolished on October 20, 1931, being merged with neighbouring Sviyazhsky District into Verkhneuslonsky District. It was re-established on February 10, 1935, on the parts of territory of Verkhneuslonsky, Kamsko-Ustyinsky and Apastovsky districts. Its administrative center was the village (selo) of Tenki. On July 16, 1958, the district was abolished and its territory was transferred to Verkhneuslonsky and Kamsko-Ustyinsky districts.

Kamsko-Ustyinsky District
Kamsko-Ustyinsky District (Russian: Камско-Устьинский райо́н; Tatar: Кама Тамагы районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located in the west of the republic, on the right bank of the Volga River. The territory of the district includes 49 settlements which are organized into three urban and seventeen rural settlements. The district population was 14,747 in 2020. The administrative center of the district is the urban-type settlement Kamskoye Ustye.
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA)  is a skin rash indicative of the third or late stage of European Lyme borreliosis.

ACA is a dermatological condition that takes a chronically progressive course and finally leads to a widespread atrophy of the skin. Involvement of the peripheral nervous system is often observed, specifically polyneuropathy.

This progressive skin process is due to the effect of continuing active infection with the spirochete Borrelia afzelii, which is the predominant pathophysiology. B. afzelii may not be the exclusive etiologic agent of ACA; Borrelia garinii has also been detected.

Rash
A rash is a change of the skin that affects its color, appearance, or texture.

A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.
The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.
The presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.
Marie-Alain Couturier
Marie-Alain Couturier, O.P., (15 November 1897 – 9 February 1954) was a French Dominican friar and Catholic priest, who gained fame as a designer of stained glass windows. He was noted for his modern inspiration in the field of Sacred art.

Maurice Denis
Maurice Denis (French: [dəni]; 25 November 1870 – 13 November  1943) was a French painter, decorative artist, and writer. An important figure in the transitional period between impressionism and modern art, he is associated with  Les Nabis, symbolism, and later neo-classicism. His theories contributed to the foundations of cubism, fauvism, and abstract art. Following the First World War, he founded the Ateliers d'Art Sacré (Workshops of Sacred Art), decorated the interiors of churches, and worked for a revival of religious art.
Catocala kuangtungensis
Catocala kuangtungensis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in China (Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Jangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan) and Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima).

The wingspan is about 63 mm.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
The Shah Jahan Mosque (Urdu: شاہ جہاں مسجد, Sindhi: مسجد شاهجهاني،), also known as the Jamia Masjid of Thatta (Urdu: جامع مسجد ٹھٹہ, Sindhi: شاھجھاني مسجد ٺٽو), serves as the central mosque for the city of Thatta, in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Constructed in the 17th-century, the mosque is considered to have the most elaborate display of tile work in South Asia, and is also notable for its geometric brick work – a decorative element that is unusual for Mughal-period mosques.

It was built during the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, who bestowed it to the city as a token of gratitude, and is heavily influenced by Central Asian architecture – a reflection of Shah Jahan's campaigns near Samarkand shortly before the mosque was designed.

Architecture in Central Asia
Architecture in Central Asia refers to the architectural styles of the numerous societies that have occupied Central Asia throughout history. These styles include a regional tradition of Islamic and Iranian architecture, including Timurid architecture of the 14th and 15th centuries, as well as 20th-century Soviet Modernism. Central Asia is an area that encompasses land from the Xinjiang Province of China in the East to the Caspian Sea in the West. The region is made up of the countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan. The influence of Timurid architecture can be recognised in numerous sites in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, whilst the influence of Persian architecture is seen frequently in Uzbekistan and in some examples in Turkmenistan. Examples of Soviet architecture can be found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Markus Schiegl
Markus Schiegl (born 6 July 1975 in Kufstein) is an Austrian former luger who has competed from 1987 to 2010. He won fourteen medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with five golds (Men's doubles: 1996, 1997; Mixed team: 1996,1997, 1999), five silvers (Men's doubles: 1999, 2003, 2007; Mixed team: 1993, 2008), and four bronzes (Men's doubles: 2001, 2008; Mixed team: 1995, 2000). Schiegl competes in doubles with his younger cousin Tobias.

Schiegl also won eight medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with two silvers (Men's doubles: 2002; Mixed team: 1996) and six bronzes (Men's doubles: 1998, 2000, 2010; Mixed team: 1994, 1998, 2002).

Competing in five Winter Olympics, his best finish in the men's doubles event was fourth twice (1998 and 2006).

Schiegl's best overall Luge World Cup finish was second in men's doubles (1993–94, 1998–99).

Since his retirement, Schiegl will concentrate on his career as a police officer.

FIL World Luge Championships 1999
The FIL World Luge Championships 1999 took place in Königssee, Germany for a record fifth time. Königssee had hosted the event previously in 1969, 1970, 1974, and 1979. The team event was modified to one each for men's doubles, men's singles, and women's singles starting at these championships which reduced the number of competitors per team from six to four.
Oinam Lukhoi Singh
Oinam Lukhoi Singh is an Indian politician from Manipur and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was elected as a member of the Manipur Legislative Assembly from Wangoi constituency in Imphal West District on an Indian National Congress ticket in the 2012 & 2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election.

During the 2020 Manipur vote of confidence, he was one of the eight MLAs who had skipped the assembly proceedings, defying the party whip for the trust vote. He resigned from Indian National Congress and later joined Bharatiya Janata Party in presence of Ram Madhav, Baijayant Panda and Chief Minister of Manipur N. Biren Singh.

After winning by-election in 2020, he promised to insert all youths of his constituency in every state government's recruitment. Many critics including Khaidem Mani, the chairman of Manipur Human Rights Commission, criticised him for his statement talking about open corruption in the state.

Wangoi Assembly constituency
Wangoi is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Manipur state in India.

It is part of Imphal West district. As of 2022, it is represented by Khuraijam Loken Singh of the National People's Party.
Folly Tower, Pontypool
The Folly Tower (Welsh: Tŵr Ffoledd) is a folly located within the grounds of a working farm, close to Pontypool Park, Torfaen, South Wales (Grid ref: SO 2954902550). It is a prominent local landmark above the A4042 Pontypool to Abergavenny road and overlooks Pontypool to the west and rural Monmouthshire to the east.

The Folly is octagonal in shape and roughly 40 ft (12 m) high and is approximately 1,000 ft (305 m) above sea level on the eastern hill range of the Eastern Valley of Monmouthshire, just south of Mynydd Garn-Wen. Less than a mile from the folly is the Shell Grotto.

Torfaen
Torfaen (/tɔːrˈvaɪn/; [tɔrˈvaɪn]) is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. Torfaen is bordered by the county of Monmouthshire to the east, the city of Newport to the south, and the county boroughs of Caerphilly and Blaenau Gwent to the south-west and north-west. It is within the boundaries of the historic county of Monmouthshire, and between 1974 and 1996 was a district of Gwent, until it was reconstituted as a principal area in 1996.
TVN International
TVN International or iTVN is a Polish pay television channel that was launched in April 2004. It is part of the TVN network and is owned by TVN Warner Bros. Discovery It is aimed at the Polish diaspora living abroad, mainly in Europe and North America. iTVN's programming consists of TV series, newscasts, Polish football matches, movies and entertainment programmes, mostly of Polish origin.

Polish diaspora
The Polish diaspora comprises Poles and people of Polish heritage or origin who live outside Poland. The Polish diaspora is also known in modern Polish as Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance languages.

There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world and one of the most widely dispersed. Reasons for displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exile, and political or economic emigration.

Substantial populations of Polish ancestry can be found in their native region of Central and Eastern Europe and many other European countries as well as in the Americas and Australia.

The Polonia in English-speaking countries often uses a dialect of Polish called Ponglish. It is made up of a Polish core with many English words inside it.

There are also smaller Polish communities in Asia and Africa, most notably Kazakhstan and South Africa.
Herman Bolhaar
H.J. (Herman) Bolhaar (born in Epe in 1955) has been a National Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children, in Netherlands since 1 February 2018. Bolhaar succeeded Corinne Dettmeijer, who was retired as a National Rapporteur on Human trafficking in 15 November 2017.

Director of Public Prosecutions
The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) is the office or official charged with the prosecution of criminal offences in several criminal jurisdictions around the world. The title is used mainly in jurisdictions that are or have been members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Dryopteris marginalis
Dryopteris marginalis, vernacularly known as the marginal shield fern or marginal wood fern, is a perennial species of fern found in damp shady areas throughout eastern North America, from Texas to Minnesota and Newfoundland. It favors moderately acid to circumneutral soils in cooler areas but is fairly drought-resistant once established. In the warmer parts of its range, it is most likely to be found on north-facing non-calcareous rock faces. It is common in many altitudes throughout its range, from high ledges to rocky slopes and stream banks. Marginal wood fern's name derives from the fact that the sori are located on the margins, or edges of the leaflets.

Circumneutral
Circumneutral is a descriptor for soils which have a pH that is close to neutral.  Circumneutral soils have a pH between 6.5 and 7.5.

A soil’s pH affects whether minerals dissolve in the soil and how quickly they dissolve.  This causes circumneutral soils to have unique  chemical qualities.

Certain species prefer or only grow in circumneutral soils.
Thrombotic microangiopathy
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a pathology that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial injury.  It may be seen in association with thrombocytopenia, anemia, purpura and kidney failure.

The classic TMAs are hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.  Other conditions with TMA include atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, scleroderma renal crisis, malignant hypertension,
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and drug toxicities, e.g. calcineurin inhibitor toxicity.

Arteriole
An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.

Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries. This function is extremely important because it prevents the thin, one-layer capillaries from exploding upon pressure. The arterioles achieve this decrease in pressure, as they are the site with the highest resistance (a large contributor to total peripheral resistance) which translates to a large decrease in the pressure.
Meghan Klingenberg
Meghan Elizabeth Klingenberg (born August 2, 1988) is a retired American professional soccer player who most recently played in 2024 as a defender for the Portland Thorns in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). A former member of the United States women's national soccer team, she is a FIFA Women's World Cup champion, two-time NWSL champion, and two-time NWSL Shield winner. She also played for three teams in the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) league, for Tyresö FF in Sweden's Damallsvenskan, and for the Houston Dash in the NWSL.

NWSL Challenge Cup
The NWSL Challenge Cup is an annual supercup competition organized by the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), a division 1 women's league in the United States soccer league system. The current (2025) cup holder is the Washington Spirit, who defeated the Orlando Pride 1-1 (4-2 on penalties) on March 7, 2025.

The NWSL Challenge Cup was first announced in 2020 as a one-off, league-wide tournament to mark the league's return to action from the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first top-tier professional sports league in the United States to restart after COVID-19 lockdowns began. Subsequently, the NWSL announced that it would return as an annual league cup tournament. Before the 2024 season, the NWSL announced that the Challenge Cup would change from a tournament to a single-game supercup.
Chirvat-türkisi
Chirvat-türkisi (English: Croatian Folk); Serbo-Croatian: Hrvatska turćija, sometimes also Hrvatska pjesma or Pjesma na hrvatskom) or Ah nevista, duša moja (Oh bride, my soul) is a Serbo-Croatian folk love poem first recorded in 1588/89.

Chirvat-türkisi is of oral lyrical tradition and is considered to be a forerunner of Sevdalinka, the traditional folk genre in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is assumed that the poem also had a musical background. The poem also has some Croatian Petrarchan elements.

The poem's authorship remains unknown; however, it was recorded and collected by Mehmed of Transylvania in 1588/89. It was first published by Friedrich von Kraelitz in the magazine Archiv für slavische Philologie in 1911.

Petrarchan sonnet
The Petrarchan sonnet, also known as the Italian sonnet, is a type of sonnet named after the Italian poet Francesco Petrarca, although it was not developed by Petrarch himself, but rather by a string of Renaissance poets. Because of the structure of Italian, the rhyme scheme of the Petrarchan sonnet is more easily fulfilled in that language than in English. The original Italian sonnet form consists of a total of fourteen hendecasyllabic lines in two parts, the first part being an octave and the second being a sestet.