hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale
Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) is a medical scale used to measure the agitation or sedation level of a person. It was developed with efforts of different practitioners, represented by physicians, nurses and pharmacists.

The RASS can be used in all hospitalized patients to describe their level of alertness or agitation. It is however mostly used in mechanically ventilated patients in order to avoid over and under-sedation. Obtaining a RASS score is the first step in administering the Confusion Assessment Method in the ICU (CAM-ICU), a tool to detect delirium in intensive care unit patients.

The RASS is one of many sedation scales used in medicine. Other scales include the Ramsay scale, the Sedation-Agitation-Scale, and the COMFORT scale for pediatric patients.

Scale (social sciences)
In the social sciences, scaling is the process of measuring or ordering entities with respect to quantitative attributes or traits. For example, a scaling technique might involve estimating individuals' levels of extraversion, or the perceived quality of products. Certain methods of scaling permit estimation of magnitudes on a continuum, while other methods provide only for relative ordering of the entities.

The level of measurement is the type of data that is measured.

The word scale, including in academic literature, is sometimes used to refer to another composite measure, that of an index. Those concepts are however different.
Walter Charles Renshaw
Walter Charles Renshaw, KC (24 September 1840 – 16 July 1922) was a British barrister, archaeologist, and genealogist.

The son of Thomas Charles Renshaw, QC, he was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, before being called to the Bar in 1864. He practiced at the Chancery Bar, and become a prominent Chancery leader. Like his father, he was elected a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, in 1890.

Outside of the law, Renshaw achieved a certain reputation as an archaeologist. He was a president of the Selden Society, chairman of the Council of the Sussex Archaeological Society and of the Sussex Record Society. He wrote several papers on genealogy.

Sussex Archaeological Society
The Sussex Archaeological Society is an organisation dedicated to researching and preserving the history and archaeology of the English counties of East Sussex and West Sussex. It manages six historic sites, including Lewes Castle and Fishbourne Roman Palace.
ARA Salta
At least two ships of the Argentine Navy have been named ARA Salta :

ARA Salta (1932), a Santa Fe-class submarine launched in 1932 and decommissioned  in 1960.

ARA Salta (S-31), a Type 209 submarine commissioned in 1973.

Santa Fe-class submarine
The Santa Fe-class submarines, also known as the Tarantinos after the city in which they were built, were a class of three pre-World War II submarines, designed and built in Italy in 1928-1933, as part of an Argentine expansion plan for its navy. They were in service with the Argentine Navy from the early 1930s to the late 1950s.  The class was named after Argentine provinces starting with “S”, as traditional in the Argentine Navy.
SOGEPA
SOGEPA (Societé de Gestion de Participations Aéronautiques) is a French holding company owned completely by the French Republic. It is one of the largest public bodies investing in European aerospace technology, indirectly owning 10.09% shares of Airbus as of 31 September 2023.

It was under supervision of Agence des participations de l'État.

In 2014, SOGEPA became one of the major shareholders of PSA Peugeot Citroën (now Stellantis).

Stellantis
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 through the merger of the French PSA Group and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), which was itself created by the merger of Italy's Fiat and the US-based Chrysler, completed in stages between 2009 and 2014. Stellantis is headquartered in Hoofddorp, Netherlands, while the CEO now operates from Auburn Hills, Michigan.

The company designs, manufactures, and markets vehicles under 14 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS Automobiles, Fiat, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Opel, Peugeot, Ram Trucks, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis employed approximately 300,000 people, with manufacturing operations in 30 countries and a commercial presence in over 130 markets worldwide.
Vedeggio
The Vedeggio is a river of the Swiss Canton Ticino which rises on the slopes of Monte Camoghè (2200m) between Bellinzona and Lugano, crosses the plain of Vedeggio (which takes its name from the river), and enters Lake Lugano at Agno. Its final section, from the outskirts of Agno until its emission into Lake Lugano has been cut into a straight channel for ease of civil planning in the town.

Bellinzona
Bellinzona (/ˌbɛlɪnˈzoʊnə/ BEL-in-ZOH-nə, Italian: [bellinˈtsoːna] ⓘ; Ticinese: Belinzóna [belĩˈtsona]) is a municipality, a historic Swiss town, and the capital of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The town is famous for its three castles (Castelgrande, Montebello, Sasso Corbaro) that have been UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2000.

The town lies east of the river Ticino, at the foot of the Alps. It stretches along the river valley, surrounded by the southern ranges of the Lepontine Alps to the east and west, and by the Lugano Prealps to the south.
Fusible core injection molding
Fusible core injection molding, also known as lost core injection molding, is a specialized plastic injection molding process used to mold internal cavities or undercuts that are not possible to mold with demoldable cores. Strictly speaking the term "fusible core injection molding" refers to the use of a fusible alloy as the core material; when the core material is made from a soluble plastic the process is known as soluble core injection molding. This process is often used for automotive parts, such as intake manifolds and brake housings, however it is also used for aerospace parts, plumbing parts, bicycle wheels, and footwear.

The most common molding materials are glass-filled nylon 6 and nylon 66. Other materials include unfilled nylons, polyphenylene sulfide, glass-filled polyaryletherketone (PAEK), glass-filled polypropylene (PP), rigid thermoplastic urethane, and elastomeric thermoplastic polyurethane.

Nylon 66
Nylon 66 (loosely written nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6, nylon 6,6, or nylon 6:6) is a type of polyamide or nylon. It, and nylon 6, are the two most common for textile and plastic industries. Nylon 66 is made of two monomers each containing six carbon atoms, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, which give nylon 66 its name. Aside from its superior physical characteristics, nylon 66 is attractive because its precursors are inexpensive.
Campaign Zero
Campaign Zero is an American police reform campaign launched on August 21, 2015. The plan consists of ten proposals, all of which are aimed at reducing police violence. The campaign's planning team includes Brittany Packnett, Samuel Sinyangwe, DeRay Mckesson, and Johnetta Elzie. The activists who produced the proposals did so in response to critics who asked them to make specific policy proposals. Subsequent critics of Campaign Zero and of their 8 Can't Wait project point out that some of the policies it recommends are already in place as best practice policies at many police departments. Some of these include the Milwaukee policing survey
and the PRIDE act. However, a 2016 study by Campaign Zero found that only three of the eight policy recommendations were adopted by the average police department and that no law enforcement agency had adopted all eight.

Johnetta Elzie
Johnetta "Netta" Elzie (born April 16, 1989) is an American civil rights activist. She is one of the leaders in the activist group We The Protesters and co-edits the Ferguson protest newsletter This Is the Movement with fellow activist DeRay Mckesson.
Listed buildings in Waltham, Kent
Waltham is a village and civil parish in the in the City of Canterbury district of Kent, England. It contains 22 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these one is grade I, one is grade II* and 20 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

City of Canterbury
Canterbury (/ˈkæntərbəri/), also known as the City of Canterbury, is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Canterbury, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Fordwich, Herne Bay and Whitstable, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Parts of the district lie within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Thanet, Dover, Folkestone and Hythe, Ashford and Swale, all of which are also in Kent. To the north the district has a coast onto the North Sea.
October 1875 West Suffolk by-election
The 1875 West Suffolk by-election was fought on 4 October 1875.  The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Fuller Maitland Wilson.  It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Thomas Thornhill.

Western Division of Suffolk
The Western Division of Suffolk was a county constituency in Suffolk, England. It elected two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the bloc vote system of election.
Chaetostoma chimu
Chaetostoma chimu is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Andean foothills of the Orinoco basin in Colombia. It was described in 2020 by Alexander Urbano-Bonilla and Gustavo A. Ballen on the basis of the distinctive morphology and coloration of the 119 specimens examined. FishBase does not list this species.

Orinoco
The Orinoco (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾiˈnoko]) is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 km (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi), with 65% of it in Venezuela and 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (39,000 m3/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s) at delta) due to the high precipitation throughout its catchment area (2,300 millimetres per are [0.084 in/sq ft]). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the Llanos of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse.
Duncan House (Harrison, Arkansas)
The Duncan House is a historic house in 610 West Central Avenue in Harrison, Arkansas.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with asymmetrical massing and a busy roofline typical of the Queen Anne style.  Distinctive features include metal cresting on the ridge lines, and a wraparound porch with tapered columns and turned balustrade.  An octagonal cupola caps the roof.  The house was built in 1893 by William Duncan, a local builder, for his own use.  It is one of Harrison's few remaining houses of the period which has retained its Queen Anne features.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Harrison, Arkansas
Harrison is a city in the county seat of Boone County, Arkansas, United States. It is named after Marcus LaRue Harrison, a surveyor who laid out the city along Crooked Creek at Stifler Springs. As of the 2020 census, Harrison had a population of 13,069. It is the 30th largest city in Arkansas based on official 2019 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Harrison is the principal city of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Boone and Newton counties.

The community has a history of racism; there were two race riots in the early 20th century and an influx of white supremacist organizations during the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Goniaeolis
Goniaeolis is a monotypic genus of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Goniaeolididae containing the single species Goniaeolis typica. Goniaeolis is also the only genus within the family Goniaeolididae.

Gonieolis is the original spelling, but incorrect subsequent spelling Goniaeolis is conserved under Art. 33.3.1 of the Code. The synonymy with Goniaeolis lobata was discussed in detail by Odhner in 1922.

Incorrect subsequent spelling
In zoological nomenclature, an incorrect subsequent spelling is a name whose spelling has been unjustifiably and unintentionally changed from the original. It is distinct from a "mandatory change", a change to the original spelling that is required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and an "emendation", an intentional change to a name that may or may not be justified.

For example, the rice rat Oryzomys peninsulae has occasionally been called "Oryzomys peninsularis", an incorrect subsequent spelling.

If an incorrect subsequent spelling is in "prevailing usage", it is to be conserved. For example, although the name of the pathogen Trypanosoma brucei was originally spelled brucii, the spelling brucei is in general use and should be maintained.
2009 Danmark Rundt
The 2009 Danmark Rundt was a men's road bicycle race held from 29 July to 2 August 2009. It was the 19th edition of the men's stage race, which was established in 1985. The race was won by Danish rider Jakob Fuglsang of Team Saxo Bank, making this his second consecutive victory in the race. Maurizio Biondo of Ceramica Flaminia finished second by just three seconds with Roger Hammond of Cervélo third.

Ceramica
Ceramica was a museum in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, which explored the history of the area's pottery industry. It was located in the former Burslem Town Hall.

Exhibits included displays about ceramics manufacturers Wade Ceramics, Royal Doulton, Sadlers, Dudson, Steelite, Royal Stafford, Moorland, Burleigh Pottery, Moorcroft and Cobridge Stoneware. There were interactive displays and video presentations for children on ceramic history and local history.

The museum was set up using National Lottery money from the Millennium Commission and managed by a Trust. In March 2011 the museum closed as a result of a significant drop off in paying visitors following the closure of adjacent pottery manufacturers. The Trust was wound up and the buildings returned to the City Council. The main building, the former Town Hall, is now home to Haywood Academy sixth form college whilst the modern extension was demolished as uneconomic to repair.
Cliff (surname)
Cliff is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Cliff (1878–1966), English amateur cricketer

Clarice Cliff (1899–1972), British ceramic artist

Dave Cliff (born 1944), British jazz musician

Ian Cliff (born 1952), British diplomat

Jimmy Cliff, stage name of Jamaican reggae singer and musician James Chambers (1944–2025)

John Cliff (trade unionist) (1883–1977), British transport executive

John Cliff (actor) (1918–2001), American actor

John MacFarlane Cliff (1921–1972), British physician

Leslie Cliff (figure skater) (1908–1969), British pair skater

Leslie Cliff (swimmer) (born 1955), Canadian swimmer

Michelle Cliff (1946–2016), Jamaican-American author

Nigel Cliff (born 1969), English historian, biographer and critic

Norman Cliff (born 1930), American psychology professor

Tony Cliff (1917–2000), Jewish Trotskyist activist

John Cliff (trade unionist)
John Cliff DL (7 March 1883 – 18 October 1977) was a tram conductor and motorman, and an active trade unionist. He played a significant role in negotiations to improve pay and working conditions in the tram industry as well as the wider public transport sector. He was the first assistant general secretary of the Transport and General Workers' Union. He later served on several transport-related bodies, notably the London Passenger Transport Board and its successor, the London Transport Executive. He was also a member of the London County Council.
SS Quersee
Quersee was a 999 GRT coaster that was built in 1926 as Amrum by Nordseewerke, Emden for German owners. She was sold in 1931, and renamed Quersee. She was seized by the Allies in May 1945 at Brunsbüttel, Germany, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT), and renamed Empire Condor. She was sold into merchant service in 1947, and renamed Mediterranean Trader. In 1949, she was sold to India and renamed Maharashmi, serving until 1951, when she ran aground and was wrecked.

Ministry of War Transport
The Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) was a department of the British Government formed early in the Second World War to control transportation policy and resources. It was formed by merging the Ministry of Shipping and the Ministry of Transport, bringing responsibility for both shipping and land transport to a single department, and easing problems of co-ordination of transport in wartime.

The MoWT was founded on 1 May 1941, when Lord Leathers was appointed Minister of War Transport. Following the general election of July 1945, Alfred Barnes was appointed Minister of War Transport, remaining in the post after the department was renamed the Ministry of Transport in April 1946.
Reed Lake
Reed Lake is an intermittent, shallow endorheic salt lake in the south-western region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Most of the lake and its shoreline is designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada and it is part of a Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network (WHSRN). Access to the lake is from a lookout tower and a walking path alongside the Trans-Canada Highway, about 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) west of the town of Morse.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Władysław Santarius
Władysław Santarius (also known as Vladislav Santarius) (12 November 1915 in Stonava, Austrian Silesia – 5 June 1989 in Havířov, Czechoslovakia) was a Polish Lutheran Evangelical pastor, one of the most significant Christian leaders in Czechoslovakia during the Communist era. He was leader of revivalist movement in Cieszyn Silesia and because of it he was persecuted (but never jailed).

Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia, officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia, was an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Habsburg monarchy (from 1804 the Austrian Empire, and from 1867 the Cisleithanian portion of Austria-Hungary). It is largely coterminous with the present-day region of Czech Silesia (with a smaller part in Poland) and was, historically, part of the larger Silesia region.
Roy Cochrane
Roy Dundonald Cochrane (13 February 1892 – 5 December 1968) was an English cricketer.  Cochrane's batting and bowling styles are unknown.  He was born at Kensington, London and educated at Marlborough College.

Cochrane made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's, Cambridge in 1913. In Sussex's first-innings he was dismissed for 6 runs by Henry Mulholland.  He took the wickets of John Naumann and Samuel McCaughey, finishing with figures of 2/37 from seven overs.  He wasn't required to bat in Sussex's second-innings, as they won the match by 5 wickets. This was his only major appearance for Sussex.

He died at Kensington, London on 5 December 1968.

Over (cricket)
In cricket, an over consists of six legal deliveries bowled from one end of a cricket pitch to the player batting at the other end, almost always by a single bowler.

A maiden over is an over in which no runs are scored that count against the bowler (so leg byes and byes may be scored as they are not counted against the bowler). A wicket maiden is a maiden over in which a wicket is also taken. Similarly, double and triple wicket maidens are when two and three wickets are taken in a maiden over.

After six deliveries the umpire calls 'over'; the fielding team switches ends, and a different bowler is selected to bowl from the opposite end. The captain of the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over, and no bowler may bowl two overs in succession.
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a group of blood cancers (leukemia) which have combined features of myeloid and lymphoid cancers. It is a rare disease, constituting about 2–5% of all leukemia cases. It mostly involve myeloid with either of T lymphocyte or B lymphocyte progenitors, but in rare cases all the three cell lineages. Knowledge on the cause, clinical features and cellular mechanism is poor, making the treatment and management (prognosis) difficult.

The name "mixed-phenotype acute leukemia" was adopted by the World Health Organization in 2008 to include leukemias of ambiguous lineage, acute undifferentiated leukemias and natural killer lymphoblastic leukemias. According to WHO criteria, myeloid lineage is characterised by the presence of myeloperoxidase, while B and T lymphoid lineages are indicated by the expression of CD19 and cytoplasmic CD3.

CD19
B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule (Cluster of Differentiation 19), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19. In humans, CD19 is expressed in all B lineage cells. Contrary to some early doubts, human plasma cells do express CD19. CD19 plays two major roles in human B cells: on the one hand, it acts as an adaptor protein to recruit cytoplasmic signaling proteins to the membrane; on the other, it works within the CD19/CD21 complex to decrease the threshold for B cell receptor signaling pathways. Due to its presence on all B cells, it is a biomarker for B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis and can be utilized as a target for leukemia immunotherapies.
Jessica Blaszka
Jessica Blaszka (born 5 August 1992 in Heerlen) is a retired Dutch wrestler who wrestled mainly in the 48 kg  weight class. She is a bronze medalist at the World Wrestling Championships and a two-time medalist at the European Wrestling Championships.

European Wrestling Championships
The European Wrestling Championships is the second oldest international wrestling competition of the modern world and the main wrestling championships in Europe. It predates World Wrestling Championships and other regional wrestling championships and is second only to the wrestling events at the Olympics. From its inception in 1898 till 1927 only Greco-Roman wrestling was contested. Since 1929 separate freestyle wrestling events were held as well. Since 1970 the two Olympic wrestling styles were contested together during the same unified events. Since 1973 Sambo wrestling was included into the championships programme along with GR and freestyle wrestling (subsequently discontinued and from 1983 contested separately). Since 2014 associated traditional wrestling styles recognized globally by UWW were incorporated into the annual championships schedule.