hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andreas Endresen (judge)
Andreas Endresen (1908–1985) was a Norwegian judge.

He grew up in Stavanger, and took the cand.jur. degree in 1932. After some time as a junior solicitor in his hometown he was employed in the Ministry of Justice. He was a secretary when World War II came to Norway, and conducted secret anti-Nazi work for the Norwegian Home Front (Hjemmefronten). At the war's end in 1945 he was promoted to assistant secretary. He worked with the legal purge in Norway after World War II.

Endresen was later a presiding judge in Eidsivating Court of Appeal from 1952 to 1955 and deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Justice from 1955 to 1959. From 1959 to his retirement on 31 December 1978 he served as a Supreme Court Justice. He died in 1985.

Eidsivating Court of Appeal
The Eidsivating Court of Appeal (Norwegian: Eidsivating lagmannsrett) is one of six courts of appeal in the Kingdom of Norway. The Court is located in the city of Hamar, with jurisdiction over the Eidsivating judicial district (Norwegian: Eidsivating lagdømme), comprising the counties of Innlandet, Østfold, and most of Akershus (except for Lunner Municipality and Jevnaker Municipality). It can rule on both civil and criminal cases that are appealed from one of its subordinate district courts. Court decisions can, with limitations, be appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway. The chief judicial officer of the court (Norwegian: førstelagmann) is Nina Sollie.  The court is administered by the Norwegian National Courts Administration.
Bolvanovo, Kursk Oblast
Bolvanovo (Russian: Болваново) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Kosteltsevsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  67 (2010 Census); 101 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Sudbury Benedictine Priory
St Bartholemew's Benedictine Priory, Sudbury was a priory in Sudbury, Suffolk, England.

The priory was established as a monastic grange for the Benedictine monastery at Westminster Abbey in 1115, and was founded by Wulfric, the master or the royal mint at Sudbury. In 1540, the priory was dissolved and granted to the dean and chapter of Westminster, who continued to hold an annual service in the chapel until the mid-19th century. Any surviving buildings from the priory were demolished in 1779, except the chapel and a barn.

The chapel, dating from the early 15th century, is a single cell design and has some remnants of the original Perpendicular Gothic window tracery. It is a Grade II* listed building. The barn is built of weatherboard over a wooden frame and has a hipped roof of reed thatch. It is noted as one of the best examples of a medieval barn in Suffolk. The barn was demolished after a fire in 2011 and was delisted on 31 October 2023.

Monastic grange
Monastic granges were outlying landholdings held by monasteries independent of the manorial system. The first granges were owned by the Cistercians, and other orders followed. Wealthy monastic houses had many granges, most of which were largely agricultural providing food for the monastic community. A grange might be established adjacent to the monastery, but others were established wherever it held lands, some at a considerable distance. Some granges were worked by lay-brothers belonging to the order, others by paid labourers.

Granges could be of six known types: agrarian; sheep runs; cattle ranges and holdings; horse studs; fisheries; industrial complexes. Industrial granges were significant in the development of medieval industries, particularly iron working.
Dale Miller (academic)
Dale Miller is an American computer scientist and author. He is a Director of Research at Inria Saclay and one of the designers of the λProlog programming language and the Abella interactive theorem prover.

Miller is most known for his research on topics in computational logic, including proof theory, automated reasoning, and formalized meta-theory. He has co-authored the book Programming with Higher-order Logic.

Miller is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), has been a two-term Editor-in-Chief of the ACM Transactions on Computational Logic from 2009 to 2015 and holds an editorial appointment on the Journal of Automated Reasoning.

Proof assistant
In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human–machine collaboration. This involves some sort of interactive proof editor, or other interface, with which a human can guide the search for proofs, the details of which are stored in, and some steps provided by, a computer.

A recent effort within this field is making these tools use artificial intelligence to automate the formalization of ordinary mathematics.
Hidato
Hidato (Hebrew: חידאתו, originating from the Hebrew word Hida = Riddle), also known as "Hidoku", is a logic puzzle game invented by Dr. Gyora M. Benedek, an Israeli mathematician. The goal of Hidato is to fill the grid with consecutive numbers that connect horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.  The name Hidato is a registered trademark. Some publishers use different names for this puzzle such as Number Snake, Snakepit (both of which play on the game's similarity in concept to the video game Snake), Jadium or Numbrix.

Integer sequence
In mathematics, an integer sequence is a sequence (i.e., an ordered list) of integers.

An integer sequence may be specified explicitly by giving a formula for its nth term, or implicitly by giving a relationship between its terms. For example, the sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... (the Fibonacci sequence) is formed by starting with 0 and 1 and then adding any two consecutive terms to obtain the next one: an implicit description (sequence A000045 in the OEIS). The sequence 0, 3, 8, 15, ... is formed according to the formula  for the nth term: an explicit definition.

Alternatively, an integer sequence may be defined by a property which members of the sequence possess and other integers do not possess. For example, we can determine whether a given integer is a perfect number, (sequence A000396 in the OEIS), even though we do not have a formula for the nth perfect number.
Kisly
Kisly (Belarusian: Кіслы; Russian: Кислый; Ukrainian: Кислий, Kysly) is a surname derived from the nickname literally meaning "sour" (in the mood). Notable people with the surname include:

Artyom Kisly (born 1989), Belarusian ice hockey player

Aleksandr Kisly (born 1974), Russian footballer

Mykyta Kysly, Ukraininan footballer

Artyom Kisly
Artyom Kisly (born April 28, 1989) is a Belarusian ice hockey player who is currently playing for HC Neman Grodno of the Belarusian Extraleague.

Kisly competed in the 2013 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Belarus men's national ice hockey team.
Jayita Sarkar
Jayita Sarkar (born in 1986) is an Indian-born American historian and Professor at the University of Glasgow who studies the global histories of empires and capitalism with a focus on nuclear infrastructures (weapons, energy, and mining) and territorial violence (partitions and statelessness). She serves as co-editor for the book series, InterConnections, at the University of North Carolina Press.

University of North Carolina Press
The University of North Carolina Press (UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a nonprofit university press associated with the University of North Carolina. It was the first university press founded in the Southern United States. UNC Press is a member of the Association of University Presses, with its office located in Chapel Hill.
CYP2C19
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme protein. It is a member of the CYP2C subfamily of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system. This subfamily includes enzymes that catalyze metabolism of xenobiotics, including some proton pump inhibitors and antiepileptic drugs. In humans, it is the CYP2C19 gene that encodes the CYP2C19 protein. CYP2C19 is a liver enzyme that acts on at least 10% of drugs in current clinical use, most notably the antiplatelet treatment clopidogrel (Plavix), drugs that treat pain associated with ulcers, such as omeprazole, antiseizure drugs such as mephenytoin, the antimalarial proguanil, and the anxiolytic diazepam.

CYP2C19 has been annotated as (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase and (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase in UniProt.

Enzyme induction and inhibition
Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces (i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an enzyme.

Enzyme inhibition can refer to

the inhibition of the expression of the enzyme by another molecule

interference at the enzyme-level, basically with how the enzyme works. This can be competitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition or partially competitive inhibition.

If the molecule induces enzymes that are responsible for its own metabolism, this is called auto-induction (or auto-inhibition if there is inhibition). These processes are particular forms of gene expression regulation.

These terms are of particular interest to pharmacology, and more specifically to drug metabolism and drug interactions. They also apply to molecular biology.
Eva Hildrum
Eva Hildrum (born 18 April 1948) is a Norwegian civil servant.

She took the cand.polit. degree in 1986, worked in Statskonsult from 1986 to 1990 before being hired in the Norwegian Ministry of Government Administration and Labour. Here she was promoted to head of department in 1991, and from 1995 to 1997 she was deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Children and Family Affairs. In 1997 she became deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Transport and Communications, and in December 2005 she was promoted to permanent under-secretary of state (Norwegian: departementsråd), the highest civil position in the ministry, effective from 2006. She retired in 2015.

Ministry of Transport (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Transport, also referred as Ministry of Transport and Communications (Norwegian: Samferdselsdepartementet, SD) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1946, and is responsible for transportation in Norway. The ministry was responsible for communication infrastructure until may 2019, when the responsibility for the Norwegian Communications Authority was transferred to Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. Since October 2021, the ministry has been headed by Jon-Ivar Nygård of the Labour Party. The department must report to the parliament (Stortinget).
Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal (1977 film)
Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal (transl. Some people at some moments) is a 1977 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by A. Bhimsingh and written by Jayakanthan. Based on Jayakanthan's novel of the same name, it stars Lakshmi and Srikanth, with C. K. Nagesh, Y. G. Parthasarathy, R. Neelakantan, Sukumari and S. Sundari Bai in supporting roles. The film revolves around a girl from an orthodox family whose life changes after a sexual assault.

Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal was released on 1 April 1977 and became a commercial success. Lakshmi won the National Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, the film's only win at the 24th National Film Awards.

Neelu
R. Neelakantan (20 July 1936 – 10 May 2018), best known by his stage name Neelu, was an Indian actor known for his comedy and supporting role performances in Tamil cinema, television and theatre. He has acted in over 7,000 plays and 160 films. He died on 10 May 2018 in Chennai.
Christopher Brooke (British Army officer)
Brigadier-General  Christopher Robert Ingham Brooke, CMG, DSO (4 July 1869 – 28 December 1948) was a British soldier and Conservative MP for Pontefract from 1924 to 1929.

He was born in Thornhill, Yorkshire in 1869, the son of Ingham Brooke, and was educated at Winchester College.

Brooke was a major when he fought in the Second Boer War, where he was in command of 2nd Mounted infantry, which in 1902 was based in the Transvaal Colony. He later fought in the First World War, and received the DSO in 1915. He was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1917 New Year Honours, and retired as brigadier-general.

From 1924 to 1935 Brooke was Honorary Colonel of the 5th Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry. He died at George, Cape Province, South Africa in 1948.

Transvaal Colony
25°S 30°E﻿ / ﻿25°S 30°E﻿ / -25; 30

The Transvaal Colony (Afrikaans pronunciation: [transˈfɑːl]) was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the Second Boer War in 1902, when the South African Republic was dissolved, and the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The borders of the Transvaal Colony were larger than the defeated South African Republic (which had existed from 1856 to 1902). In 1910 the entire territory became the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.
2024 KBS Drama Awards
The 2024 KBS Drama Awards (Korean: 2024 KBS 연기대상; Hanja: 2024 KBS 演技大賞; RR: 2024 KBS Yeon-gi Daesang), presented by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), was held on December 31, 2024, from 19:50 (KST) at KBS Hall in Yeouido, Seoul. Jang Sung-kyu in his second consecutive year with Seohyun, a South Korean singer, actress, and songwriter and Moon Sang-min, a South Korean actor and model hosted the award show.

Due to the tragic crash of Jeju Air Flight 2216 on December 29, 2024, KBS2 decided to cancel the live broadcast of the 2024 KBS Drama Awards  on December 31. A special live broadcast to welcome the New Year that was to follow the awards ceremony was also cancelled.

Instead, the event was recorded and was broadcast on January 11, 2025 at 21:20 (KST). The winners were announced on the same day. Lee Soon-jae won the Grand prize (Daesang) for Dog Knows Everything. At the age of 90, he is the oldest grand prize winner among the drama awards.

Lee Soon-jae
Lee Soon-jae (Korean: 이순재; November 16, 1934 – November 25, 2025) was a South Korean actor. He had a prolific career on the small and big screen spanning over six decades, and was given a second-class Eungwan Order of Cultural Merit for his work as an actor. Lee made his debut on television in 1961 with KBS's first drama Should I become a human too.
Maffey
Maffey is an English-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Maffey, 2nd Baron Rugby (1913–1990), English peer

Denis Maffey (1922–1995), English footballer

John Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby (1877–1969), English civil servant and diplomat

John Maffey (MP) (fl. 1414, English politician

Penelope Loader Maffey (1910–2005), English socialite

John Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby
John Loader Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby, GCMG, KCB, KCVO, CSI, CIE, (1 July 1877 – 20 April 1969) was a British civil servant and diplomat who was a key figure in Anglo-Irish relations during the Second World War.
Ira Gregory
Ira Gregory (January 31, 1804 – September 2, 1872) was an American physician and politician.

Gregory graduated from Yale Medical School in 1868. He began the study of medicine under Dr. David Willard, of Norwalk, and alter receiving his degree settled in Moriches, New York, where he practiced his profession for some twelve years. He then removed to Norwalk, where he continued in practice until within a few weeks of his death. He was also especially influential in all the educational interests of the town, being for many years chairman of the Board of Education. He often represented Norwalk in the Connecticut State Legislature.  At the time of his death he was the President of the Medical Society of Fairfield County, and the Vice-President of the Connecticut Medical Society.  Dr Gregory married soon after his removal to Norwalk. One son, James G. Gregory, graduated Yale in 1865, and followed his father's profession.

Yale School of Medicine
The Yale School of Medicine is the medical school of Yale University, a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. It is the sixth-oldest medical school in the United States.

The school’s faculty clinical practice is Yale Medicine. Yale School of Medicine has a strong affiliation with its primary teaching hospital, Yale New Haven Hospital and the Yale New Haven Health System. The school is home to the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, which is one of the country’s largest modern medical libraries and is known for its historical collections.

For the class of 2028, the school received 5,669 applications to fill 104 seats in the MD Program. This puts the acceptance rate at about 1.6%. The median GPA for the class was 3.94, and the median MCAT score was 521.
Suikawari
Suikawari (スイカ割り, suika-wari; lit. Watermelon Splitting) is a traditional Japanese game that involves splitting a watermelon with a stick while blindfolded. Played in the summertime, suikawari is most often seen at beaches, but also occurs at festivals, picnics, and other summer events.

The rules are similar to piñata. A watermelon is placed, typically on a towel or other protection, on the sand. Each participant is in turn blindfolded, spun around three times, and handed a wooden stick, or bokken, to attempt to hit the watermelon; the first to crack it open wins. 
Other participants or teammates may give the player hints such as left/right or straight ahead.

Afterwards the chunks of watermelon produced are shared among participants.

Bokken
A bokken (木剣, bok(u), 'wood', and ken, '(double-edged) sword') or bokutō (木刀, boku, 'wood', and tō, '(single-edged) sword') is a Japanese wooden sword used for training in kenjutsu. It is usually the size and shape of a katana, but is sometimes shaped like other swords, such as the wakizashi and tantō. Some ornamental bokken are decorated with mother-of-pearl work and elaborate carvings.  Sometimes, it is spelled "boken" in English.

Bokken are traditionally composed of red oak or white oak, although any hardwood can be used.  In comparison, practice swords made of flexible, soft wood such as bamboo are referred to as shinai.
Cucullia calendulae
Cucullia calendulae is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is widespread in all parts of the Mediterranean Basin, from northern Africa to Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Iran and Afghanistan.
It closely resembles  Cucullia chamomillae.Genitalia preparations are essential for determination.
Adults are on wing from November to April. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Asteraceae species, including Calendula, Achillea, Anthemis and Ormenis. In Egypt it has been recorded on Chrysanthemum coronarium.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Sharon Arroyo
Sharon Filipowski Arroyo (born 1966) is an American applied mathematician and operations researcher who works for Boeing as a Boeing Technical Fellow. She works in the Applied Mathematics Group of Boeing Research and Technology on mathematical optimization applications in aircraft manufacturing and management.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
1928 Coupe de France final
The 1928 Coupe de France final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 6, 1928, that saw Red Star Olympique defeat CA Paris 3–1 thanks to goals by Paul Wartel, Brenna Egil Lund and Juste Brouzes.

Stade Yves-du-Manoir
The Stade Yves-du-Manoir (officially Stade olympique Yves-du-Manoir, also known as the Stade olympique de Colombes, or simply Colombes to the locals) is a rugby, track, and association football stadium in Colombes, near Paris, France.
LNER Thompson Class B1 61306
LNER Thompson Class B1 No. 61306 Mayflower is a 4-6-0 steam locomotive built in 1948 at the North British Locomotive Company to a design by Edward Thompson. It was employed for hauling mixed traffic trains on British Railways' Eastern, North Eastern, and Scottish Regions until it was bought for preservation in 1967, during which it was renumbered and given its current name.

In 2019, Mayflower emerged from an extensive overhaul and is certified for running on the British mainline.

Edward Thompson (engineer)
Edward Thompson (25 June 1881 – 15 July 1954) was an English railway engineer, and was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London and North Eastern Railway between 1941 and 1946. Edward Thompson was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire on 25 June 1881. He was the son of Francis Thompson, assistant master at Marlborough College. He was educated at Marlborough before taking the Mechanical Science Tripos at Pembroke College, Cambridge, earning a third class degree. Thompson entered the railway scene after education, contrasting that of his predecessor Nigel Gresley, who had also attended Marlborough after gaining practical experience as a pupil at Horwich Works.
C0
C0 or C00 has several uses including:

C0, the IATA code for Centralwings airline

C0 and C1 control codes

a CPU power state in the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

an alternate name for crt0, a library used in the startup of a C program

in mathematics:
the differentiability class C0
a C0-semigroup, a strongly continuous one-parameter semigroup
c0, the Banach space  of real sequences that converge to zero
a C0 field is an algebraically closed field

in physics, c0, the speed of light in vacuum

%C0, the URL-encoded version of the character "À"

C0, a note-octave in music

an ISO 216 paper format size

C00, the ICD-10 code for oral cancer

C° could refer to:
An abbreviation for Celsius degrees
In chemistry, the standard state for solute concentration

Crt0
crt0 (also known as c0) is a set of execution startup routines linked into a C program that performs any initialization work required before calling the program's main function. After the main function completes the control returns to crt0, which calls the library function exit(0) to terminate the process.
Maria Kleschar-Samokhvalova
Maria Alexeevna Kleschar-Samohvalova (Russian: Мария Алексеевна Клещар-Самохвалова; August 4, 1915 – July 21, 2000) was a Soviet Russian painter and graphic artist and a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (known as the Leningrad Union of Artists prior to 1992), who lived and worked in Leningrad - Petersburg. She is regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting.

Leningrad School of Painting
The Leningrad School of Painting (Russian: Ленинградская школа живописи) is a phenomenon that refers to a large group of painters who developed in Leningrad around the reformed Academy of Arts in 1930–1950 and was united by the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists (1932–1991).