hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ferdinand A. Hermens
Ferdinand A. Hermens (20 December 1906 – 2 February 1998) was a German-American political scientist and economist. He was born in Nieheim, Kreis Höxter (district) in Germany and he died in Rockville, MD (U.S.). His major books "Democracy or Anarchy?" (1941) and "The Representative Republic" (1958) were translated into German, Italian and Hebrew. His most important contribution to the progress of political science was his analysis of the impact that electoral systems have in structuring party competition. Hermens advised U.S. Congressional committees on Presidential Election Procedure, the Judiciary and Divided Powers and Economic Policy, the U.S. government on re-organization of democracy in Germany and the government of Trinidad and Tobago on constitutional matters.

Höxter (district)
Höxter (German pronunciation: [ˈhœkstɐ]) is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Holzminden, Northeim, Kassel, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Hochsauerland, Paderborn, and Lippe.
2014 Perth Darts Masters
The 2014 Perth Darts Masters was the inaugural staging of a tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation, as a third entry in the 2014 World Series of Darts. The tournament featured 16 players and was held at the HBF Stadium in Perth, Western Australia from 22–24 August 2014.

Phil Taylor won the title by defeating Michael van Gerwen 11–9 in the final.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Nowa Wieś, Grudziądz County
Nowa Wieś [ˈnɔva ˈvjɛɕ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudziądz, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is located in the Chełmno Land in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Easy Come, Easy Go (Marianne Faithfull album)
Easy Come, Easy Go is a studio album of cover versions by English singer Marianne Faithfull, which was released in the EU on 10 November 2008. The album is produced by Hal Willner and features guest appearances from a variety of musicians. It was released as both a standard 10-track CD and a special 18-track edition with a DVD documentary by Anne Rohart under Jean-Baptiste Mondino's artistic direction, with both Faithfull and Wilner commenting on the song selection. A collectible 2-disc vinyl pressing is also available. The album was recorded with Pro Tools in NYC at the Sear Sound Studio.

Jarvis Cocker
Jarvis Branson Cocker (born 19 September 1963) is an English singer and musician. As the founder, frontman, lyricist and only consistent member of the band Pulp, he became a reluctant figurehead of the Britpop genre of the mid-1990s. Cocker has also pursued a solo career, and for seven years he presented the BBC Radio 6 Music show Jarvis Cocker's Sunday Service.
CODEFF
CODEFF or Comité Nacional Pro Defensa de la Flora y Fauna is a Chilean non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment. CODEFF has created a series of protected areas including Área Costera Protegida Punta Curiñanco.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Rubus phoenicolasius
Rubus phoenicolasius (Japanese wineberry, wine raspberry, wineberry or dewberry) is an Asian species of raspberry (Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus) in the rose family, native to China, Japan, and Korea.

The species was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for its potential in breeding hybrid raspberries. It has subsequently escaped from cultivation and become naturalized in parts of Europe and North America.

Escaped plant
An escaped plant is a cultivated plant that has escaped from agriculture, forestry or garden cultivation and has become naturalized in the wild. Usually not native to an area, escaped plants may become invasive. Therefore, escaped plants are the subject of research in invasion biology.

All escaped plants belong to the so-called hemerochoric plants. This term is used across the board for plants that have been introduced directly or indirectly by humans. The term also includes the unintentionally introduced plants that were introduced through seed pollution (speirochoric) or through unintentional transport (agochoric).

Some ornamental plants have characteristics which allow them to escape cultivation and become weedy in alien ecosystems with far-reaching ecological and economic consequences. Escaped garden plants may be called garden escapes or escaped ornamentals. Sometimes, their origins can even be traced back to botanical gardens.
August Fick
Friedrich Conrad August Fick (May 5, 1833, in Petershagen, Germany – March 24, 1916, in Hildesheim or Breslau) was a German philologist.

He spent his life chiefly at Göttingen, where he first studied philology under Theodor Benfey; became a teacher in the Gymnasium, and eventually in 1876 professor of comparative philology at the university; in 1887 accepted a professorship in Breslau, but retired four years later; author of a variety of learned works on philology.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Individuality (song)
"Individuality" is a song by Australian rock band The Screaming Jets. The song was released in June 1999 as the second and single from the band's greatest hits album Hits and Pieces (1999). The song was also included on the band's fifth studio album Scam (2000). The song peaked at number 67 on the ARIA Charts.

The Screaming Jets
The Screaming Jets are an Australian hard rock band formed in Newcastle, New South Wales, from the band Aspect formed in high school by Grant, Dave, Frank Manitta and Wiltshire in 1984 which Paul Woseen was also a later member of. In 1989 The Screaming Jets were formed by Grant Walmsley, Dave Gleeson, Paul Woseen, Brad Heaney and Richard Lara. The band has three albums that peaked in the top five on the Australian ARIA Charts: All for One (1991), Tear of Thought (1992), The Screaming Jets (1995), and Professional Misconduct (2023). Their 1991 single "Better" reached No. 4 on the related singles chart. Walmsley left in 2006 and formed his own band. In 2013, bassist Paul Woseen released an acoustic solo album, Bombido.
Chilean corvette Chacabuco (1866)
The Chilean corvette Chacabuco was a late 19th-century ship of the Chilean Navy. Commanded by Enrique Simpson in the early 1870s, the ship participated in the exploration of the fjords and archipelagoes of Aysén Region in northern Patagonia. These travels led to the re-discovery of San Rafael Lake and the establishment of Aysén Fjord as the principal access to the inland of Aysén Region. In 1876 Chacabuco transported governor of Magallanes Diego Dublé Almeyda to the Falkland Islands bringing back sheep, thus initiating the Patagonian sheep farming boom of the late 19th century. From 1879 onwards the corvette fought in the War of the Pacific.

Puerto Chacabuco in Aysén Fjord is named after the ship.

Chilean Navy
The Chilean Navy (Spanish: Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso.
XXXY (film)
XXXY is a short documentary directed by Porter Gale and Laleh Soomekh.

The film features two people born intersex: San Francisco bicycle messenger Kristi Bruce and clinical psychologist Tiger Devore. The full movie is available online.

Bicycle messenger
Bicycle messengers (also known as bike or cycle couriers) are people who work for courier companies (also known as messenger companies) carrying and delivering items by bicycle. Bicycle messengers are most often found in the central business districts of metropolitan areas. Courier companies use bike messengers because bicycle travel is less subject to unexpected holdups in city traffic jams, and is not deterred by parking limitations, fees or fines in high-density development that can hinder or prevent delivery by motor vehicle, thereby offering a predictable delivery time.

Because bicycle thefts are prevalent in many cities, a lock to secure the bike during deliveries is essential. U-locks are also popular. Messengers typically carry basic tools, weather-proof clothing and a street map. It is also common for messengers to carry storage clipboards for manifests, receipts, and/or other logistic documents.
2012–13 V-League (South Korea)
The 2012-13 V-League season was the 9th season of the V-League, the highest professional volleyball league in South Korea. The season started on 2 November 2012 and finished on 31 March 2013. Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs were the defending champions in the men's league and Daejeon KGC the defending female champions.

Red Sparks
Daejeon CheongKwanJang Red Sparks (Korean: 대전 정관장 레드스파크스), also spelled as JungKwanJang Red Sparks, is a South Korean professional women's volleyball team. The team was founded in 1988 and became fully professional in 2005. They are based in Daejeon and are members of the Korea Volleyball Federation (KOVO). Their home arena is Chungmu Gymnasium in Daejeon.
Obecabtagene autoleucel
Obecabtagene autoleucel, sold under the brand name Aucatzyl, is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is a CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy.

The most common side effects include cytokine release syndrome, infections-pathogen unspecified, musculoskeletal pain, viral infections, fever, nausea, bacterial infectious disorders, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, hypotension, pain, fatigue, headache, encephalopathy, and hemorrhage.

Obecabtagene autoleucel was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2024.

CD19
B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule (Cluster of Differentiation 19), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19. In humans, CD19 is expressed in all B lineage cells. Contrary to some early doubts, human plasma cells do express CD19. CD19 plays two major roles in human B cells: on the one hand, it acts as an adaptor protein to recruit cytoplasmic signaling proteins to the membrane; on the other, it works within the CD19/CD21 complex to decrease the threshold for B cell receptor signaling pathways. Due to its presence on all B cells, it is a biomarker for B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis and can be utilized as a target for leukemia immunotherapies.
Tarik Ramić
Tarik Ramić (born 7 April 2003) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Bosnian Premier League club Rudar Prijedor and the Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national team.

FK Rudar Prijedor
Fudbalski klub Rudar Prijedor (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Pудаp Пpиjeдop) is a professional football club from the city of Prijedor that is situated in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Rudar plays in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the club plays its home matches on the Gradski stadion which has a capacity that can hold 6,000 spectators.
Mahendra Ratna Multiple Campus
Mahendra Ratna Multiple Campus (Nepali: महेन्द्र रत्न बहुमुखी क्यामपस) is one of the constituent campuses of Tribhuvan University in Ilam district in eastern Nepal. The campus was established in Asar 21, 2017 BS (1960 AD). The campus is also approved by University Grants Commission of Nepal. The campus was named after the then-ruling monarch King Mahendra and his wife Queen Ratna.

The campus has four faculties - Management, Humanities, Education and Science. It has 85 faculty members and 35 administrative staff. Courses are offered in bachelors and masters level. Total numbers of the students are 2353 in four faculties.

The campus was approved to run autonomously by Tribhuvan University on 2066 BS (1 February 2010). This allowed the campus to take academic, financial, infrastructural and administrative   decisions by itself.

Vikram Samvat
Vikram Samvat (ISO: Vikrama Saṁvata; abbreviated VS), also known as the Vikrami or Bikrami calendar, is a Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still also used in several Indian states and Nepal. It is a lunisolar calendar, using twelve lunar months each solar sidereal year. The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, except during January to March/April, when it is ahead by 56 years.

Vikram Samvat is an official calendar of Nepal where the first month is Baisakh and the last month is Chaitra. Unlike India where it is used only for religious dates (with first month starting with Chaitra), the solar version of Vikram Samvat is a civil calendar for general usage.
James Hartness
James Hartness (September 3, 1861 – February 2, 1934) was an American business executive, inventor, mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, amateur astronomer, and politician who served as the 58th governor of Vermont from 1921 to 1923.

Aero Club of America
The Aero Club of America was a social club formed in 1905 by Charles Jasper Glidden and Augustus Post, among others, to promote aviation in America.  It was the parent organization of numerous state chapters, the first being the Aero Club of New England. It thrived until 1923, when it transformed into the National Aeronautic Association, which still exists today. It issued the first pilot's licenses in the United States, and successful completion of its licensing process was required by the United States Army for its pilots until 1914. It sponsored numerous air shows and contests. Cortlandt Field Bishop was president in 1910. Starting in 1911, new president Robert J. Collier began presenting the Collier Trophy.
A Message to Gracias
A Message to Gracias is a 1964 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on February 8, 1964, and stars Speedy Gonzales and Sylvester. The title and plot are a reference to the essay A Message to Garcia.

Robert McKimson
Robert Porter McKimson Sr. (October 13, 1910 – September 29, 1977) was an American animator and illustrator, best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. Cartoons and later DePatie–Freleng Enterprises. He wrote and directed many animated cartoon shorts starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Foghorn Leghorn, Hippety Hopper, Speedy Gonzales, and the Tasmanian Devil, among other characters. He also developed Bugs Bunny's design in the 1943 short Tortoise Wins by a Hare.
BNIP3
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 is a protein found in humans that is encoded by the BNIP3 gene.

BNIP3 is a member of the apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family. It can induce cell death while also assisting with cell survival. Like many of the Bcl-2 family proteins, BNIP3 modulates the permeability state of the outer mitochondrial membrane by forming homo- and hetero-oligomers inside the membrane. Upregulation results in a decrease in mitochondrial potential, an increase in reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial swelling and fission, and an increase in mitochondrial turnover via autophagy. Sequence similarity with Bcl-2 family members was not detected. Humans and other animals (Drosophila, Caenorhabditis), as well as lower eukaryotes (Dictyostelium, Trypanosoma, Cryptosporidium, Paramecium) encode several BNIP3 paralogues including the human NIP3L, which induces apoptosis by interacting with viral and cellular anti-apoptosis proteins.

Paramecium
Paramecium (/ˌpærəˈmiːs(i)əm/ PARR-ə-MEE-s(ee-)əm, /-siəm/ -⁠see-əm, plural "paramecia" only when used as a vernacular name) is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. Paramecia are often abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, they have been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes. Paramecium species are commonly studied as model organisms of the ciliate group and have been characterized as the "white rats" of the phylum Ciliophora.
Atazanavir/cobicistat
Atazanavir/cobicistat, sold under the brand name Evotaz, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. It contains atazanavir and cobicistat. Atazanavir is an HIV protease inhibitor and cobicistat is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes of the CYP3A family.

Atazanavir/cobicistat was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in United States in January 2015. It was authorized for medical use in the European Union in July 2015.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
Veera Ruoho
Veera Marita Ruoho (née Liukkonen; born 4 August 1969 in Hirvensalmi) is a Finnish politician and an Olympic Taekwondo practitioner.

She participated in the Women's Heavyweight competition in Taekwondo at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, losing in the first round to Canadian Dominique Bosshart.

She was elected to parliament representing the Finns Party in April 2015.  She left the party in June 2017 after the election of an ultra-nationalist as its leader, and subsequently announced that she would join the National Coalition Party led by Petteri Orpo. Ruoho took part in the 2019 parliamentary election as a candidate of the National Coalition Party, but was not re-elected.

She was a police officer before entering politics.

Hirvensalmi
Hirvensalmi is a municipality of Finland.

It is located in the South Savo region. The municipality has a population of 2,046
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 746.59 square kilometres (288.26 sq mi) of
which 281.2 km2 (108.6 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
4.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi).

Neighbour municipalities: Joutsa, Kangasniemi, Mikkeli, Mäntyharju and Pertunmaa.

Hirvensalmi is often said to be an island municipality. Most people live on the mainland, but living on an island is not unheard of. Most islands, though, are only inhabited during the summer holidays, when holidaymakers come mainly from Southern Finland and double the population of Hirvensalmi. In the north lake Puula marks the border of Hirvensalmi and Kangasniemi, and in the west lake Suontee separates it from Joutsa.

The municipality is unilingual Finnish.
Doris Davis Centini
Doris Davis Centini (October 7, 1931 – May 13, 2001) was a food scientist and home economist who led Stouffer's Food's home economics department. She served as manager of research and development at Stouffer's during development of the Stouffer's portions of the Apollo 11 space crew's meals eaten in quarantine on their return from space. She applied her home economics background in helping to develop Stouffer’s freeze-dried method. One of her aides in that department was food scientist Julie Stewart.

Centini was born Doris Nelle Davis on October 7, 1931, in Blountsville, Alabama.

Centini graduated from the Women's College of the University of North Carolina in 1953.

Food science
Food science (or bromatology) is the basic science and applied science of food; its scope overlaps with agricultural science and nutritional science and extends to the scientific aspects of food safety and food processing, informing the development of food technology.

Food science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates concepts from chemistry, physics, physiology, microbiology, and biochemistry. It evolved from early preservation practices such as salting to an organized research-driven field central to modern food production.

Food scientists develop new food products, design processing methods to produce these foods, select packaging materials, conduct shelf life and sensory evaluation studies of products using survey panels or potential consumers, and perform microbiological and chemical testing. Food scientists may study more fundamental phenomena that are directly linked to the production of food products and its properties.