hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Systems pharmacology
Systems pharmacology is the application of systems biology principles to the field of pharmacology. It seeks to understand how drugs affect the human body as a single complex biological system. 
Instead of considering the effect of a drug to be the result of one specific drug-protein interaction, systems pharmacology considers the effect of a drug to be the outcome of the network of interactions a drug may have. In 1992, an article on systems medicine and pharmacology was published in China. Networks of interaction may include chemical-protein, protein–protein, genetic, signalling and physiological (at cellular, tissue, organ and whole body levels).  Systems pharmacology uses bioinformatics and statistics techniques to integrate and interpret these networks.

Systems pharmacology can be applied to drug safety studies as a complement to pharmacoepidemiology.

Interactome
In molecular biology, an interactome is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular cell. The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as protein–protein interactions (PPIs); or between small molecules and proteins.) but can also describe sets of indirect interactions among genes (genetic interactions).

The word "interactome" was originally coined in 1999 by a group of French scientists headed by Bernard Jacq. Mathematically, interactomes are generally displayed as graphs. While interactomes may be described as biological networks, they should not be confused with other networks such as neural networks or food webs.
Michaela Schuster
Michaela Schuster is a German operatic mezzo-soprano. She debuted at The Royal Opera as Herodias in Salome in 2008, and has since sung Princesse de Bouillon in Adriana Lecouvreur, and Venus in Tannhäuser. In the 2013/14 season, she sang Klytämnestra in Elektra and the Nurse in Die Frau ohne Schatten. In Gran Teatre del Liceu, 2016, she performed the role of Waltraute in Götterdämmerung.

Götterdämmerung
Götterdämmerung (German: [ˈɡœtɐˌdɛməʁʊŋ] ⓘ; Twilight of the Gods), WWV 86D, is the last of the four epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (English: The Ring of the Nibelung). It received its premiere at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 17 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of the whole work.

The title is a German calque of the Old Norse phrase Ragnarök, which in Norse mythology refers to a prophesied war among various beings and gods that ultimately results in the burning, immersion in water, and renewal of the world. As with the rest of the Ring, Wagner's account diverges significantly from these Old Norse sources.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Richard Wagner Foundation.
Who Knows Who
"Who Knows Who" is a rap rock song by the English rock band Muse and the English hip hop artist Mike Skinner. The song leaked onto several Muse internet forums in August 2008. and it was confirmed the band let the song leak. The song was officially released as the B-side to the 7" vinyl single "Uprising" in September 2009. The lyrics were written by Skinner and the music was written by Muse's Matthew Bellamy.

Music leak
A music leak is an unauthorized release of music over the internet. Songs or albums may leak days or months before their scheduled release date. In other cases, the leaked material may be demos or scrapped work never intended for public release. Leaks often originate from hackers who gain unauthorized access to the online storage of an artist, label, producer, or journalist.
The Good, the Bad & the Queen (album)
The Good, the Bad & the Queen is the debut studio album by the English supergroup the Good, the Bad & the Queen, comprising Damon Albarn, Paul Simonon, Simon Tong and Tony Allen, and produced by Danger Mouse. The album was released in January 2007. The album debuted at number two in the UK Albums Chart and was certified Gold in the UK within days of its release despite little media recognition and airplay. In the United States, the album entered the Billboard 200 at No. 49.

It is stated that the record is, in a sense, a concept album, as its songs are all themed around modern life in London. It was described by Albarn as "a song cycle that's also a mystery play about London" in an interview with Mojo.

Mystery play
Mystery plays and miracle plays are among the earliest formally developed plays in medieval Europe. Medieval mystery plays focused on the representation of Bible stories in churches as tableaux with accompanying antiphonal song. They told of subjects such as the Creation, Adam and Eve, the murder of Abel, and the Last Judgment. Often they were performed together in cycles which could last for days.
HD 125595
HD 125595 is a star with a close Neptunian companion in the southern constellation of Centaurus. With an apparent visual magnitude of 9.03, this star is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye. It is located at a distance of 92 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4.5 km/s. The star has a high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere and an angular rate of 0.57 arcsecond yr−1.

This is an ordinary K-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of K4V(k), which indicates it is a small star that is generating energy at its core through hydrogen fusion. It is about eight billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 1.5 km/s, giving it a 37 day rotation period. The star shows a moderate level of chromospherically activity due to star spots or plagues. It is smaller, cooler, dimmer, and less massive than the Sun, but shows a higher atmospheric metallicity.

Solar plage
A plage /pleɪdʒ/ is a bright region in the Sun's chromosphere, typically found in and around active regions. Historically, they have been referred to as bright flocculi, in contrast to dark flocculi, and as chromospheric faculae, in contrast to photospheric faculae.
Ağzıdelik, Tarsus
Ağzıdelik is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 239 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity) plains to the west of Berdan River.  The distance to Tarsus is 22 kilometres (14 mi) and the distance to Mersin is 45 kilometres (28 mi).

Berdan River
The Berdan (also Baradān or Baradā), the ancient Cydnus (Ancient Greek: Κύδνος, romanized: Kúdnos), is a river in Mersin Province, south Turkey. The historical city of Tarsus is on the river and it is therefore sometimes called the Tarsus River. Originally the watercourse passed directly through the city, but the section in Tarsus was changed to its present course in the 6th century. The river is also the location of Tarsus Waterfall.
Stu Maschwitz
Stuart T. Maschwitz, commonly known as Stu Maschwitz, was the co-founder and chief technology officer of The Orphanage, a visual effects company that was based in California.  He has worked as senior visual effects supervisor on several films.  He previously worked at Industrial Light and Magic.

Maschwitz was writer, director, cinematographer, and editor for the film The Last Birthday Card (2000).  He directed the "Song For The Lonely" Cher video in 2001 as seen in The Very Best of Cher: The Video Hits Collection.  His film Skate Warrior is an example of guerrilla filmmaking. He studied animation at the California Institute of the Arts.

In 2007 he authored the book The DV Rebel's Guide: An All-Digital Approach to Making Killer Action Movies on the Cheap for Peachpit Press.

In 2008 following the suspension of The Orphanage he became software director of Red Giant Software. In October 2009 it was announced in The Hollywood Reporter that he would direct Psy-Ops.

California Institute of the Arts
The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) is a private art school in Santa Clarita, California. It was incorporated in 1961 as the first degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual and performing arts. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Musical Arts degrees.  It is located about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles.

The school was first envisioned by many benefactors in the early 1960s including Nelbert Chouinard, Walt Disney, Lulu Von Hagen, and Thornton Ladd.
Vicky Shu
Vicky Veranita Yudhasoka Shu (born July 8, 1983) better known by her stage name Vicky Shu is an Indonesian singer who released her debut album, Drink Me, in 2011. Mari Bercinta 2 is a sequel to the same title song by Aura Kasih. The single was number 3 on Dahsyat and number 5 on Klik!. Shu is also designing high heels shoes product under her own brand, named Syu Syu. Before becoming a singer, she was a finalist for Miss Indonesia in 2007.

Miss Indonesia
Miss Indonesia is a national beauty pageant in Indonesia, organized by MNC Group under Miss Indonesia Organization, chaired by Liliana Tanoesoedibjo and sponsored by Sariayu Martha Tilaar. The winner of Miss Indonesia represents the country in Miss World pageant, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants and participates in various social actions in cooperation with Yayasan Jalinan Kasih, MNC Peduli and Miss World Organization program, Beauty with a Purpose.

The current Miss Indonesia is Audrey Bianca Callista of Jakarta SCR who was crowned by Monica Kezia Sembiring of North Sumatra on July 9, 2025. She will represent Indonesia at Miss World 2026.
Kentuckiana
Kentuckiana, a portmanteau of Kentucky and Indiana, is the area in the Upland South region of the United States containing metropolitan areas with counties in both Kentucky and Indiana. Kentuckiana is primarily the Louisville metropolitan area, including nine counties in Kentucky (Jefferson, Bullitt, Hardin,
Oldham,
Meade, Shelby, Trimble, Henry, and Spencer) and five counties in Southern Indiana (Clark, Floyd, Harrison, Scott, and Washington). This area "is regularly referred to as Kentuckiana".

One other area that could lay claim to using the name is the combined metros of Evansville, Indiana and Owensboro, Kentucky, though that region identifies more on its own as "The Tri-State Area" combined. Dearborn, Ohio and Franklin Counties in Indiana make up the western portion of the Cincinnati metropolitan area and make no claims to the Kentuckiana name on their own.

Ohio County, Indiana
Ohio County is a county located in southeastern Indiana. With a 2020 population of 5,940, and an area of just 87 square miles, Ohio County is the smallest county in Indiana by area and the least populous. The county seat and only incorporated municipality is Rising Sun. The county was officially established in 1844 and was one of the last Indiana counties to be created. Ohio County borders the state of Kentucky across the Ohio River for which it was named. It is part of the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is divided into four townships which provide local services. Three state roads pass through or into the county.
228 Hand-in-Hand rally
The 228 Hand-in-Hand rally was a demonstration in the form of a human chain held in Taiwan on February 28, 2004, the 57th anniversary of the February 28 Incident. Approximately two million (estimation ranged from 1.2 to 2.3 million depending on the reporting media) Taiwanese formed a 500-kilometer (310 mi) long human chain from Keelung to Pingtung County to commemorate the incident, to call for peace, and to protest the deployment of missiles by the People's Republic of China aimed at Taiwan along the coast. The rally was the largest in Taiwanese history.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1898–1901
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council who served from 1898 to 1901 were appointed for life by the Governor on the advice of the Premier. This list includes members between the election on 27 July 1898 and the election on 3 July 1901. The President was Sir John Lackey.

Non-Labor party affiliations at this time were fluid, and especially in the Legislative Council regarded more as loose labels than genuine parties.

President of the New South Wales Legislative Council
The President of the New South Wales Legislative Council is the presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of New South Wales, the Legislative Council. The presiding officer of the lower house is the speaker of the Legislative Assembly. The role of President has generally been a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time. As of May 2023, the president is Ben Franklin.
Krzna
The Krzna pronounced [ˈkʂna] is a river in eastern Poland, and a left tributary of the Bug. The river is 107 kilometres (66 mi) long and its watershed area is 3,273 square kilometres (1,263.7 sq mi). The Krzna flows through Poland's Lublin Voivodeship. It arises from the connection of two water jets flowing in the Łuków Forest: Northern Krzna and Southern Krzna which is considered to be the beginning of the Krzna. The river empties into the Bug near the town of Terespol and the village of Neple, close to the Belarus border near, the city of Brest. A canal connects it to the Wieprz.

Terespol
Terespol (Polish: [tɛˈrɛspɔl]; Belarusian: Тэрэ́спаль, romanized: Teréspaĺ) is a border town in eastern Poland on the border with Belarus. It lies on the border river Bug, directly opposite the city of Brest, Belarus. It has 5,794 inhabitants as of 2014.
Hypogymnia diffractaica
Hypogymnia diffractaica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Initially reported from Southwest China, it was described as a new species by Bruce McCune in 2003. The type specimen was collected in Jiulong County (Sichuan Province), at an elevation of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). Here it was found growing on the bark and wood of Rhododendron; it has also been recorded on birch. It is characterized by its slender lobes, the rimmed holes on the lower surface, and the presence of the chemical diffractaic acid as the main secondary metabolite in the medulla. It has a lower surface that is expanded and puffed out. Hypogymnia hengduanensis, the only other Hypogymnia species containing diffractaic acid as the main medullary substance, is quite similar in appearance, but can be distinguished from H. diffractaica by the presence of isidia. It also tends to grow at slightly lower elevations.  In 2018, H. diffractaica was recorded from Bhutan.

Diffractaic acid
Diffractaic acid is a β-orcinol depside with the molecular formula C20H22O7, which is produced by lichens. Diffractaic acid has cytotoxic, cytogenetic, oxidative, analgesic and antiviral effects.

The foliose lichen species Punctelia diffractaica is named for the presence of this compound.
HNoMS Thorodd
HNoMS Thorodd was a Royal Norwegian Navy patrol ship and minesweeper that served through the Second World War, first during the Norwegian Campaign that followed the invasion of Norway in 1940, and then from exile in the United Kingdom following the 10 June 1940 capitulation of mainland Norway. Thorodd was originally built as a steam escort trawler for the French Navy under the name Fleurus, before being sold to a Norwegian whaling firm who leased her to the Falkland Islands Government. SS Fleurus served as a commercial mail ship in the Falkland Islands Dependencies during the 1920s, and was the first vessel to carry paying tourists to Antarctica. Following the war, Thorodd was converted to a fishing trawler and sank in 1955.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Ezedin Belgasem
Ezedin Belgasem Faraj Tlish (Arabic: عز الدين بلقاسم فرج طليش; April 5, 1982 – 1 August 2011) was a Libyan taekwondo practitioner. Tlish was among thousands of civilians who were killed during the Libyan Civil War in 2011.

Tlish made his official debut for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he competed for the men's flyweight category (58 kg). He lost the first preliminary match by a total knockout to Chinese Taipei's Chu Mu-yen, who eventually became an Olympic champion in the final.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Tlish switched to a heavier class by competing in the men's lightweight division (68 kg). He was disqualified from the competition for unknown reasons, allowing his first opponent Dmitriy Kim of Uzbekistan to be given an automatic free pass for the subsequent round.

Taekwondo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 58 kg
The men's 58 kg  competition in taekwondo at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place on August 26 at the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex.

Chu Mu-yen collected one of Chinese Taipei's first ever Olympic gold medals at these Games in the event after beating Mexico's Óscar Salazar 5–1 in their final match. Meanwhile, the bronze medal was awarded to Egyptian fighter Tamer Bayoumi, who easily thwarted Spain's Juan Antonio Ramos in the repechage final 7–1. Despite high hopes, Greece's home favorite Michalis Mouroutsos missed his Olympic title defense after losing the quarterfinal match 2–8 to Bayoumi.
Porphyrellus sordidus
Porphyrellus sordidus is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It was originally described in 1874 by Charles Christopher Frost as a species of Boletus. Fruit bodies of the fungus have a convex to flattened cap measuring 4.5–13 cm (1.8–5.1 in) in diameter. The brownish cap surface is initially tomentose to felt-like, but develops cracks in age. All parts of the mushrooms bruise dark blue to greenish when injured. The spore print is reddish brown; spores are smooth, roughly elliptical, and measure 10–14 by 4–6 μm. The bolete is found in North America, where it grows on the ground under oaks and conifers. Its edibility was recently unknown, but it is now considered inedible.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Nouvelle Star season 4
The fourth season of Nouvelle Star began on February 22, 2006. All the judges returned to the panel and Benjamin Castaldi was set to host for a fourth time. However after the season went halfway through he was replaced by Virginie Efira on May 24. 
Auditions were held in the following cities:

Rennes (18 October 2005)

Marseille (31 October 2005)

Lille (6 November 2005)

Toulouse (14 November 2005)

Liège (21 November 2005)

Lyon (5 December 2005)

Paris (17 December 2005)

Due to problems with the voting lines the results from the original top 14, in which the 10 finalists were supposed to be determined, were voided and the four original eliminated contestants received a second chance in the following week which resulted in all of them making the cut while four original top 10 contestants were eliminated in the semifinals. 
In the end Christophe Willem who was never in the Bottom group triumphed over Dominique Michalon who was in the Bottom group before the finals.

Benjamin Castaldi
Benjamin Castaldi (French pronunciation: [bɛ̃ʒamɛ̃ kastaldi]; born 28 March 1970) is a French television host, columnist, radio host and producer. He is the former host of Secret Story, a spinoff of Loft Story, which he also hosted.
Georgia at the Rugby World Cup
The Georgia national rugby union team has competed in five consecutive Rugby World Cup tournaments. Starting in 2003, which also served as the only appearance prior to the Rose Revolution, they were placed in Pool C with eventual winners England, South Africa, Uruguay and Samoa, where they lost all four matches. Georgia qualified for the 2007 World Cup and were placed in Pool D with Argentina, France, Ireland and Namibia, where they beat Namibia. In 2011 Rugby World Cup, Georgia qualified for their third straight tournament. They were placed in Pool B with Scotland, England, Argentina and Romania and won the game against rivals Romania. Their best performance was in 2015 tournament, when they were drawn against eventual world champions New Zealand, Argentina, Tonga and Namibia. Georgia won games against Tonga and Namibia, finished third in the group and automatically qualified for 2019 Rugby World Cup.

2011 Rugby World Cup Pool B
Pool B of the 2011 Rugby World Cup began on 10 September 2011 and was completed on 2 October. The pool was composed of the 2007 runners-up England, as well as the third-placed team from 2007, Argentina, and Georgia, Romania and Scotland.
1970 First National Tennis Classic – Singles
The 1970 First National Tennis Classic – Singles was an event of the 1970 First National Tennis Classic men's tennis tournament and was played at the Louisville Tennis Center in Louisville, Kentucky in the United States from July 29 through August 3, 1970. The draw consisted of 16 players. Rod Laver won the singles title, defeating John Newcombe in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

Joe Creason Park
Joe Creason Park is a municipal park in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Located in the Poplar Level neighborhood, it is in roughly the central portion of the city. The park adjoins and connects to Beargrass Creek State Nature Preserve, and both were originally part of the same property prior to becoming parks.

The park is located on the south fork of Beargrass Creek. It opened as a park in 1966.

The park is named for Joe Creason, a popular features journalist for The Courier-Journal, who died while playing tennis at the park's Louisville Tennis Center in 1974.
Philogène Wytsman
Philogène Auguste Galilée Wytsman (12 August 1866 – 1 March 1925) was a Belgian ornithologist, entomologist and publisher most noted for his serial publications Genera Avium and Genera Insectorum.

26 issues of Genera Avium were published between 1905 and 1914. These were written by leading European and British ornithologists. Wytsman himself authored the second family, the Todidae.

Genera Insectorum  was another multi-authored series in begun 1902. This consisted of 219 issues, the last occurring in 1970.

Tody
The todies are a family, Todidae, of tiny Caribbean birds in the order Coraciiformes, which also includes the kingfishers, bee-eaters and rollers. The family has one living genus, Todus, and one genus known from the fossil record, Palaeotodus.