hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spangles (sweets)
Spangles was a brand of boiled sweets manufactured by Mars Ltd in the United Kingdom from 1950 to the early 1980s. They were sold in a paper packet with individual sweets originally unwrapped but later cellophane wrapped. They were distinguished by their shape which was a rounded square with a circular depression on each face.

Cellophane
Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. Its low permeability to air, oils, greases, bacteria, and liquid water makes it useful for food packaging. Cellophane is highly permeable to water vapour, but may be coated with nitrocellulose lacquer to prevent this.

Cellophane is also used in transparent pressure-sensitive tape, tubing, and many other similar applications.

Cellophane is compostable and biodegradable, and can be obtained from biomaterials. The original production process uses carbon disulfide (CS2), which has been found to be highly toxic to workers. The newer lyocell process can be used to produce cellulose film without involving carbon disulfide.

"Cellophane" is a generic term in some countries, while in other countries it is a registered trademark owned by DuPont.
Poritidae
Poritidae is a family of stony corals. Members of the family are colonial hermatypic (reef-building) corals. They are variable in size and form but most are massive, laminar or ramose as well as branching and encrusting. The corallites are compact with very little coenosteum covering the skeleton. The walls of the corallites and the septa are porous. J.E.N. Veron considers the family is not a natural grouping but is a miscellaneous collection of genera that do not fit well elsewhere.

Septum (coral)
In corals, a septum (plural septa) is one of the radiating vertical plates lying within the corallite wall. Outside the corallite wall these plates are known as costae (singular costa). The septa may be thick, thin or vary in size. They may have teeth which range from needle-like to blade-like and are often characteristic of different genera.
Saxicola
Saxicola (Latin: saxum, rock + incola, dwelling in), the stonechats or chats, is a genus of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World. They are insectivores occurring in open scrubland and grassland with scattered small shrubs. The genus contains 18 species, of which four are prehistoric.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Alexander Kolodin
Alexander Kolodin (born 1986/1987) is an American lawyer, politician and Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives elected to represent District 3 in 2022. He is a member of the Arizona Freedom Caucus.

Adrian Fontes
Adrian Fontes (born April 3, 1970) is an American politician and attorney. A member of the Democratic Party, he has served as the Secretary of State of Arizona since 2023, after defeating Republican nominee Mark Finchem in 2022. Fontes previously served as the Maricopa County Recorder from 2017 to 2021.
National Route 13 (Morocco)
The N13 road is a national highway (Route nationale) in Morocco linking Taouz near Merzouga close to the Algerian border  with Azrou, Meknes and other northern locations.  North of Meknes there are views of the Zerhoun Mountains and along the N13 is the ancient Roman and Carthaginian settlement of Volubilis, the westernmost provincial capital of the Roman Empire.  This Roman city overlies one of the earliest archaeologically recorded Neolithic settlements in Morocco.

Zerhoun
Zerhoun (Arabic: جبل زرهون also spelled Zarhun or Zarhon) is a mountain in Morocco, north of Meknes. On the hill is the Moulay Idris Zerhoun town, named after Moulay Idris I, the founder of the Idrisid dynasty who was buried there in 791 AD.
Maidenhill School
Maidenhill School is a coeducational foundation secondary school located in Stonehouse in the English county of Gloucestershire.

It is a smaller than average secondary school with a rural catchment area. The school has 694 students (as from September 2023). Maidenhill School have a capacity of 785 students.  The catchment area includes Eastington, Frocester, Leonard Stanley, Standish and Stonehouse, as well as parts of Cainscross, King's Stanley, Hardwicke and Randwick.

As a foundation school, Maidenhill is administered by Gloucestershire County Council.

Randwick, Gloucestershire
Randwick is a village in the civil parish of Randwick and Westrip, in the Stroud district, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It borders the market town of Stroud. It is known locally for its folk traditions such as the Randwick Wap, a celebration of May Day, and its annual pantomime.
Łagiewniki, Radomsko County
Łagiewniki [waɡʲɛvˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kodrąb, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Radomsko and 78 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 100.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
Gunclje
Gunclje (pronounced [ˈɡuːntsljɛ]; German: Gunzle) is a settlement in central Slovenia, immediately northwest of the capital Ljubljana. It belongs to the Šentvid District of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Urban Municipality of Ljubljana
The Urban Municipality of Ljubljana (pronounced [ljuˈbljaːna]), also the City of Ljubljana (Slovene: Mestna občina Ljubljana, acronym MOL) is one of twelve city and metropolitan municipalities in Slovenia. Its seat is Ljubljana, the largest and capital city of Slovenia. As of December 2021, its mayor is Zoran Janković.
Lady Gorgon
Lady Gorgon (Tanya Adrian) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Matt Fraction, Rick Remender, and Howard Chaykin, the character made her first appearance in Punisher War Journal Vol. 2, #20 (August 2008). She is an enemy of the Punisher.

Matt Fraction
Matt Fritchman (born December 1, 1975), better known by the pen name Matt Fraction, is an American comic book writer, known for his work as the writer of The Invincible Iron Man, FF, The Immortal Iron Fist, Uncanny X-Men, and Hawkeye for Marvel Comics; Casanova and Sex Criminals for Image Comics; and Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen and Batman for DC Comics.
Seapatrick F.C.
Seapatrick Football Club is an intermediate-level football club playing in the Intermediate A division of the Mid-Ulster Football League in Northern Ireland. The club forms part of the Mid-Ulster Football Association.

Mid-Ulster Football League
The Daily Mirror Mid-Ulster Football League, or simply referred to as the Mid-Ulster League, is an association football league in Northern Ireland. The league is overseen by the Mid-Ulster Football Association. It contains 9 divisions. These comprise two intermediate sections: the Intermediate A and Intermediate B divisions; three junior sections: Division 1, Division 2 and Division 3; and four reserve sections: Reserve 1, Reserve 2 and Reserve 3 and Reserve 4. The current champions are Crewe United.
Op. 117
In music, Op. 117 stands for Opus number 117. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – King Stephen

Brahms – Three Intermezzi

Fauré – Cello Sonata No. 2

Mendelssohn - Albumblatt (Album Leaf) in A minor, Op. 117, "Lied ohne Worte"

Polevoy – The Story of a Real Man

Schumann – 4 Husarenlieder

Shostakovich – String Quartet No. 9

Cello Sonata No. 2 (Fauré)
The Cello Sonata No. 2 in G minor, Op. 117 is the second of the two cello sonatas by Gabriel Fauré.

In early 1921 Fauré had been commissioned by the French government to write a funeral march for a ceremony to be held on 5 May at Les Invalides to mark the 100th anniversary of the death of Napoleon. The sombre theme he composed for it remained in his mind and, as he said, "turned itself into a sonata". By then the composer was frail, and his ill health delayed the completion of the outer movements until late in the year. On 10 November Fauré wrote to his friend and benefactor Charles Martin Loeffler asking him to accept the dedication of the cello sonata, which he had completed that same day.

The work was premiered on 13 May 1922 at a concert of the Société Nationale de Musique, by the cellist Gérard Hekking and the pianist Alfred Cortot, who had been the performers at the premiere of Fauré's First Cello Sonata five years earlier.
Baltai
Baltai (Mordvin: Балта́й) is a traditional festival celebrated by the Mordvin people, predominantly in Tatarstan. The festival's name translates to Feast of Honey in the Tatar language, derived from the words bal meaning honey and tuy signifying a feast. Baltai is observed on the first Sunday following Whitsunday, marking the commencement of the mowing season. The festival is characterized by distinctive traditions, including the decoration of a bear with birch leaves and the performance of a round dance.

The Baltai festival serves as a significant cultural event among the Mordvin people, reflecting their deep-rooted traditions and customs. The festival's unique practices, such as the bear decoration and round dance, further highlight the Mordvin people's connection to nature and their cultural heritage.

Round dance
Modern social round dance, or round dancing, is a choreographed and cued ballroom dance that progresses in a circular counter-clockwise pattern around the dance floor. The two major categories of ballroom dances found in round dancing are the smooth and international ballroom styles (such as foxtrot and waltz) and the Latin dances (such as cha-cha-chá, salsa, and rhumba). It is not to be confused with circle dancing, which is a type of folk dance in which dancers are connected in a circular chain.
2012 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I – Pool B
Group B of the 2012 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Asia/Oceania zone of the 2012 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group II.

2012 Fed Cup
The 2012 Fed Cup (also known as the 2012 Fed Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) was the 50th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis. The draw took place on 17 July 2011 in Kobe, Japan.

The final took place at the O2 Arena in Prague, Czech Republic on 3–4 November. The home and defending champions Czech Republic defeated the first-finalists Serbia, to win their seventh title and equal the record for second-most titles won by a country since the competition's beginning.

Czech Republic was the only country except United States and Australia to hold both Davis Cup and Fed Cup at the same time – the Czechs did the same in 2012. Petra Kvitová and Tomáš Berdych also scored Hopman Cup victory at the same year, making their nation the first ever to clinch all of the Davis, Fed and Hopman Cup titles in the same calendar year.
Potocki Palace
Potocki Palace is a palace of the Potocki family:

Potocki Palace, Warsaw

Potocki Palace, Lviv

Potocki Palace, Ivano-Frankivsk

Potocki Palace, Natolin

Potocki Palace, Odesa

Potocki Palace, Tulchyn

Potocki Palace, Krzeszowice

Potocki Palace, Międzyrzec Podlaski

Potocki Palace, Chervonohrad

Potocki Palace, Brody

Natolin Palace and Park Complex
The Natolin Palace and Park Complex (Polish: Zespół pałacowo-parkowy w Natolinie), also known as the
Natolin Park (Polish: Park Natoliński) is a historic park and nature reserve (1.2 km2) on the southern edge of Warsaw, Poland, in the Natolin residential neighborhood. It contains the Potocki Palace.
Main Centre for Reconnaissance of Situation in Space
The 821st Main Centre for Reconnaissance of Situation in Space (Russian: Главный центр разведки космической обстановки, romanized: GTsRKO) is the headquarters of the Russian military's space surveillance network, SKKP. The centre is part of the Russian Space Forces and receives intelligence from a network of reporting stations which includes the Russian missile attack early warning network as well as some stations only used for space surveillance such as Okno and Krona.

The purpose of the SKKP is to detect satellites, identify them and to discern their orbits. It maintains the Russian catalogue of space objects and provides data which could be used to support space launches, feed an anti-satellite programme and provide intelligence on hostile military satellites. It is the Russian equivalent of the United States Space Surveillance Network.

Anti-satellite weapon
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilized in warfare, a few countries (China, India, Russia, and the United States) have successfully shot down their own satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force. ASATs have also been used to remove decommissioned satellites.

ASAT roles include: defensive measures against an adversary's space-based and nuclear weapons, a force multiplier for a nuclear first strike, a countermeasure against an adversary's anti-ballistic missile defense (ABM), an asymmetric counter to a technologically superior adversary, and a counter-value weapon.

Use of ASATs generates space debris, which can collide with other satellites and generate more space debris. A cascading multiplication of space debris could cause Earth to suffer from Kessler syndrome.
Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2024
Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2024 is the seventh iteration of Europe's Biggest Dance Show, a multi-nation dance music simulcast hosted by BBC Radio 1, in collaboration with ten radio stations across Europe: 1LIVE, FM4, Fritz, NRK mP3, Raadio 2, Radio Promin, RTÉ Pulse, Studio Brussel, SR P3 and YleX.

YleX
YleX (formerly known as YLEX) is one of the major radio stations of the Finnish Broadcasting Company (Yle) featuring pop music and cultural programming. The station started as Radiomafia, and name changed to YleX in 2003. Programming targets the younger age group (17 to 27, or variously 15 to 34) as its audience and has attained around 7% listenership in Finland according to a survey in June to August 2013.
4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.226) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate + NAD+  4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + NADH + H+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Outline of fisheries
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fisheries:

Fishery – entity engaged in raising or harvesting fish which is determined by some authority to be a fishery. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a fishery is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of the activities or a combination of the foregoing features". The definition often includes a combination of fish and fishers in a region, the latter fishing for similar species with similar gear types.

Fisherman
A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.

Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishers and fish farmers. Fishermen may be professional or recreational. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.
National Art Gallery, Pakistan
National Art Gallery in Islamabad, Pakistan is the country's first national art gallery. Built on a small hillock opposite the Majlis-e-Shoora (the Parliament of Pakistan) and the Aiwan-e-Sadr (the President's House). It opened to the public on Sunday, August 26, 2007. National Art Gallery, Pakistan is a part of the larger organization called Pakistan National Council of the Arts.

In 2007, Director General of PNCA was Naeem Tahir.

In 2017, Director General of Pakistan National Council of Arts (PNCA) was Jamal Shah.

Jamal Shah
Jamal Shah (Pashto: جمال شاہ, born 1 March 1956) is a Pakistani actor, director, musician, writer, sculptor, painter, and social activist. He has also served as the Federal Minister of Culture in Kakar cabinet. In 2021, Shah was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres from the French Minister of Culture.
Villanueva de la Torre
Villanueva de la Torre is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. The village has a surface of 11,21 km ² with a population of 6603 inhabitants according to the municipal census of the year 2023 and a density of 590 inhabitants/km ².

Province of Guadalajara
The Province of Guadalajara (Spanish: Provincia de Guadalajara, /ˌɡwɑːdələˈhɑːrə/ GWAH-də-lə-HAR-ə, Spanish: [ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa] ⓘ) is a province of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha in Spain. It has a population of 280,225 in an area of 12,168.41 square kilometres (4,698.25 sq mi) across its 288 municipalities.
Infrared excess
An infrared excess is a measurement of an astronomical source, typically a star, that in their spectral energy distribution has a greater measured infrared flux than expected by assuming the star is a blackbody radiator.  Infrared excesses are often the result of circumstellar dust heated by starlight and reemitted at longer wavelengths. They are common in young stellar objects and evolved stars on the asymptotic giant branch or older.

In addition, monitoring for infrared excess emission from stellar systems is one possible method that could enable a search for large-scale stellar engineering projects of a hypothetical extraterrestrial civilization; for example a Dyson sphere or Dyson swarm. This infrared excess would be the outcome of the waste heat emitted by the aforementioned structures if they are considered blackbodies at temperatures close to 300 K.

Post-AGB star
A post-AGB star (pAGB, abbreviation of post-asymptotic giant branch) is a type of luminous low-mass supergiant star of intermediate mass in a very late phase of stellar evolution. The post-AGB stage occurs after the asymptotic giant branch (AGB or second-ascent red giant) has ended. The stage sees the dying star, initially very cool and large, shrink and heat up. The duration of the post-AGB stage varies based on the star's initial mass, and can range from 100,000 years for a solar-mass star to just over 1,000 years for more massive stars. The timescale gets slightly shorter with lower metallicity.

Towards the end of this stage, post-AGB stars also tend to produce protoplanetary nebulae as they shed their outer layers, and this creates a large infrared excess and obscures the stars in visible light. After reaching an effective temperature of about 30,000 K, the star is able to ionise its surrounding nebula, producing a true planetary nebula.
Jay Alford
Jason Jamaal Alford (born May 28, 1983) is an American former professional football  player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions and was selected by the New York Giants in the third round of the 2007 NFL draft.

Alford was also a member of the Oakland Raiders,  Seattle Seahawks, Virginia Destroyers, and Saskatchewan Roughriders. In 2007, Alford served as the Giants' long snapper during field goal attempts, due to a season-ending injury to Ryan Kuehl. Alford won Super Bowl XLII in his first season, sacking Tom Brady in the final minute of the Giants' 17–14 win over the New England Patriots.

Long snapper
In gridiron football, the long snapper (or deep snapper) is a center on special teams whose duty is to snap the football over a longer distance, typically around 15 yards during punts, and 7–8 yards during field goals and conversion attempts.
Battle of Turtucaia
The Battle of Turtucaia (Romanian: Bătălia de la Turtucaia; Bulgarian: Битка при Тутракан, Bitka pri Tutrakan), also known as Tutrakan Epopee (Bulgarian: Тутраканска епопея, Tutrakanska epopeya) in Bulgaria, was the opening battle of the first Central Powers offensive during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. The battle lasted for five days and ended with the capture of the fortress of Turtucaia (now Tutrakan) and the surrender of its Romanian defenders.

Macedonian front
The Macedonian front, also known as the Salonica front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the autumn of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. The expedition came too late and with insufficient force to prevent the fall of Serbia and was complicated by the internal political crisis in Greece (the National Schism). Eventually, a stable front was established, running from the Albanian Adriatic coast to the Struma River, pitting a multinational Allied force against the Bulgarian army, which was at various times bolstered with smaller units from the other Central Powers. The Macedonian front remained stable, despite local actions, until the Allied offensive in September 1918 resulted in Bulgaria capitulating and the liberation of Serbia.