hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upload
Uploading refers to transmitting data from one computer system to another through means of a network. Common methods of uploading include: uploading via web browsers, FTP clients, and terminals (SCP/SFTP). Uploading can be used in the context of (potentially many) clients that send files to a central server. While uploading can also be defined in the context of sending files between distributed clients, such as with a peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing protocol like BitTorrent, the term file sharing is more often used in this case. Moving files within a computer system, as opposed to over a network, is called file copying.

Uploading directly contrasts with downloading, where data is received over a network. In the case of users uploading files over the internet, uploading is often slower than downloading as many internet service providers (ISPs) offer asymmetric connections, which offer more network bandwidth for downloading than uploading.

SSH File Transfer Protocol
In computing, the SSH File Transfer Protocol, also known as Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), is a network protocol that provides file access, file transfer, and file management over any reliable data stream. It was designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an extension of the Secure Shell protocol (SSH) version 2.0 to provide secure file transfer capabilities, and is seen as a replacement of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) due to superior security. The IETF Internet Draft states that, even though this protocol is described in the context of the SSH-2 protocol, it could be used in a number of different applications, such as secure file transfer over Transport Layer Security (TLS) and transfer of management information in VPN applications.

This protocol assumes that it is run over a secure channel, such as SSH, that the server has already authenticated the client, and that the identity of the client user is available to the protocol.

The official URI scheme is sftp.
Erigeron alpinus
Erigeron alpinus, the alpine fleabane, is a European species of perennial plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Europe except the far north.

Erigeron alpinus is an herb up to 30 cm (12 in) tall, with spoon-shaped, hairy, medium green leaves. The plants flowers are narrow and have a thread-like ray florets, which are made out of 2 or more rows. In the summer the flower heads have lilac-blue to red-purple ray florets surrounding greenish-yellow disc florets, and are 3.75 cm (1+1⁄2 in) tall.

Subspecies

Erigeron alpinus subsp. alpinus

Erigeron alpinus subsp. intermedius (Rchb.) Pawł.

Erigeron alpinus subsp. rhodopaeus (Vierh.) Kožuharov & N.Andreev

Summer
Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and darkness hours are the shortest, with day length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunrises and latest sunsets also occur near the date of the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to definition, climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
Vijay Lall
Lt General Vijay Lall,  PVSM, AVSM, ADC     (Hindi pronunciation: [vɪdʒeː laːl] ⓘ) is a veteran Indian Army General Officer. His military career spanned about four decades, where he last served as the 15th  Indian Director General Ordnance Services of the Army.  He was also the Senior Colonel Commandant AOC. Vjay is the 1st Director General Ordnance Services of this new millennium.

Colonel commandant
Colonel commandant is a military title used in the armed forces of some English-speaking countries. The title, not a substantive military rank, could denote a senior colonel with authority over fellow colonels. Today, the holder often has an honorary role outside the executive military structure, such as advocacy for the troops.
Ole Nafstad
Ole Sverre Nafstad (born 20 February 1946 in Bærum, Akershus) is a Norwegian competition rower and Olympic medalist.

Nafstad competed at the 1971 European Rowing Championships and won a silver medal with the coxless four. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich in the coxless four and the team was eliminated in the round one repêchage. At the 1973 European Rowing Championships in Moscow, he competed in the coxless pair and they won bronze. He received a silver medal in coxless four at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, together with Finn Tveter, Rolf Andreassen, and Arne Bergodd.

He represented the club Bærum RK. He resides at Kolsås.

Kolsås
Kolsås (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈkôɫsoːs]), sometimes called   Kolsaas, is a hill in the municipality of Bærum, Norway. Geologically, Kolsås belongs to the Oslo Graben area. Its two peaks consist of hard rhomb porphyric lava covering softer rocks, forming steep cliffs to the east, south and west.
Ishrat Afreen
Ishrat Afreen (alternative spelling: Ishrat Aafreen; born 25 December 1956)  is an Urdu poet. Her works have been translated in many languages including English, Japanese, Sanskrit and Hindi. The ghazal singers Jagjit Singh & Chitra Singh also performed her poetry in their anthology, Beyond Time (1987). Zia Mohyeddin also recites her nazms in his 17th and 20th volumes as well as his ongoing concerts.

Nazm
Nazm (Urdu: نظم) is a major part of Urdu and Sindhi poetry that is normally written in rhymed verse and also in modern prose-style poems. Nazm is a significant genre of Urdu and Sindhi poetry; the other one is known as ghazal.

Nazm is significantly written by controlling one’s thoughts and feelings, which are constructively discussed as well as developed and finally, concluded, according to the poetic laws. The title of the nazm itself holds the central theme as a whole. While writing nazm, it is not important to follow any rules as it depends on the writer. A nazm can be long or short and there are no restrictions on size or rhyme scheme. All the verses written in a nazm are interlinked.
Cartmill
Cartmill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cleve Cartmill (1908–1964), American science-fiction and fantasy writer; father of Matt Cartmill

Matt Cartmill (born 1943), American evolutionary anthropologist and editor; son of Cleve Cartmill

Tom Cartmill (born 1965), English painter

Tom Cartmill
Tom Cartmill (born 1965, in Ashton-under-Lyne) is an English painter, currently living in Reading, UK. His abstract mixed media paintings focus on the themes of the passage of time and visual perception.
HMS Penguin (1876)
HMS Penguin was an Osprey-class sloop. Launched in 1876, Penguin was operated by the Royal Navy from 1877 to 1881, then from 1886 to 1889. After being converted to a survey vessel, Penguin was recommissioned in 1890, and operated until 1908, when she was demasted and transferred to the Australian Commonwealth Naval Forces for use as a depot and training ship in Sydney Harbour. After this force became the Royal Australian Navy, the sloop was commissioned as HMAS Penguin in 1913. Penguin remained in naval service until 1924, when she was sold off and converted into a floating crane. The vessel survived until 1960, when she was broken up and burnt.

Survey vessel
A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.
Boistfort Peak
Boistfort Peak, also called Baw Faw Peak, is a peak in the Willapa Hills in Washington state. The summit was once the site of a fire lookout and is the highest point in the Willapa Hills.
Today it has communication antennae including the K7PG 2-meter ham repeater.  It also is the site of station BOW in the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network.

Repeater
In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover longer distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction. Some types of repeaters broadcast an identical signal, but alter its method of transmission, for example, on another frequency or baud rate.

There are several different types of repeaters; a telephone repeater is an amplifier in a telephone line, an optical repeater is an optoelectronic circuit that amplifies the light beam in an optical fiber cable; and a radio repeater is a radio receiver and transmitter that retransmits a radio signal.

A broadcast relay station is a repeater used in broadcast radio and television.
Standard Flying Fourteen
The Standard Flying Fourteen is an automobile which was produced by the British Standard Motor Company from 1937 to 1940 and announced in October 1936. The other Flying Standard models had been announced twelve months earlier. A standard is a flag and the reference to flying standards is to flying flags as well as to the advertised abilities of the cars.

Standard Motor Company
The Standard Motor Company Limited was a motor vehicle manufacturer, founded in Coventry, England, in 1903 by Reginald Walter Maudslay. For many years, it manufactured Ferguson TE20 tractors powered by its Vanguard engine. All Standard's tractor assets were sold to Massey Ferguson in 1959. Standard purchased Triumph in 1945 and in 1959 officially changed its name to Standard-Triumph International and began to put the Triumph brand name on all its products. A new subsidiary took the name The Standard Motor Company Limited and took over the manufacture of the group's products.

The Standard name was last used in Britain in 1963, and in India in 1988.
Deep Drone
The Deep Drone is a submersible remotely operated vehicle designed for mid-water salvage for the United States Navy. One vehicle is based in Largo, Maryland, under the command of The U.S. Navy Supervisor of Salvage and Diving (SUPSALV), it is maintained and operated by Phoenix International Inc.
The vehicle is capable of operating at a depth up to 8000 feet as reflected in its full name: "The Deep Drone 8000". The vehicle has a target locating sonar and two tool manipulators capable of working with tools and attaching rigging.

Largo, Maryland
Largo (/lɑːrɡoʊ/) is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The population was 11,605 at the 2020 census.

Largo is located just east of the Capital Beltway (I-95/495) and is home to Prince George's Community College and Largo High School. Six Flags America amusement park (formerly known as Wild World and Adventure World) is to the east in Woodmore, and FedExField, the Washington Commanders's stadium, is across the Capital Beltway in Summerfield. Watkins Regional Park in Kettering just to the east of Largo (operated by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission) has an old-fashioned carousel, miniature train ride, miniature golf, the Old Maryland Farm, a playground, and animals on display. Largo is not a post office designation, but is at the northern end of the Greater Upper Marlboro ZIP code area.
Wira Wama
Wira Wama (born 24 October 1989) is a Papua New Guinean footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hekari United in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League.  Besides Papua New Guinea, he has played in the United States.

Papua New Guinea Premier Soccer League
The Papua New Guinea Premier Soccer League is the men's top division of professional soccer in Papua New Guinea. It is a nationwide league formed in 2006 by Papua New Guinea Football Association.

It replaced the Papua New Guinea National Club Championship as the country's major soccer competition.

The competition has been won by only two clubs. Hekari United won the first eight editions, while Lae City have won the rest. The two clubs have met in two Grand Finals, in 2015–16 and 2019, with Lae City winning both.
Internal category
In mathematics, more specifically in category theory, internal categories are a generalization of the notion of a small category, and are defined with respect to a fixed ambient category. If the ambient category is taken to be the category of sets then one recovers the theory of small categories. In general, internal categories consist of a pair of objects in the ambient category—thought of as the 'object of objects' and 'object of morphisms'—together with a collection of morphisms in the ambient category satisfying certain identities. Group objects are common examples of internal categories.

There are notions of internal functors and natural transformations that make the collection of internal categories in a fixed category into a 2-category.

Category of sets
In the mathematical field of category theory, the category of sets, denoted by Set, is the category whose objects are sets.  The arrows or morphisms between sets A and B are the functions from A to B, and the composition of morphisms is the composition of functions.

Many other categories (such as the category of groups, with group homomorphisms as arrows) add structure to the objects of the category of sets or restrict the arrows to functions of a particular kind (or both).
Charles Elmer Allen
Charles Elmer Allen (October 4, 1872 in Horicon, Wisconsin – June 25, 1954) was an American botanist and cell biologist whose discoveries include the first documentation of sex chromosomes in plants. He was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, and held presidencies of the Botanical Society of America (1921), the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (1931-1933), the American Society of Naturalists (1936), and the American Microscopical Society (1948). Allen was a professor at the University of Wisconsin for over 20 years.

American Society of Naturalists
The American Society of Naturalists (ASN) was founded in 1883 and is one of the oldest professional societies dedicated to the biological sciences in North America. The purpose of the Society is "to advance and diffuse knowledge of organic evolution and other broad biological principles so as to enhance the conceptual unification of the biological sciences."

Founded in Massachusetts with Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. as its first president, it was called the Society of Naturalists of the Eastern United States until 1886.
Jijoy Rajagopal
Jijoy P R is an Indian film and theatre actor currently the director of K R Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts (KRNNIVSA), Kerala on deputation. He is an associate professor at the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune and  served as the dean of the Films Wing too. He is an international theatre artist who performed 380 shows in Japan, the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States, Dubai, Bahrain, Canada, and Australia.

Film and Television Institute of India
The Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) is a film institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India and aided by the Central Government of India. It is situated on the premises of the erstwhile Prabhat Film Company in Pune. It was established in 1960 and its alumni includes technicians, actors and directors in the film and television industry.

FTII is a member of the International Liaison Centre of Schools of Cinema and Television (CILECT), an organisation of the world's leading schools of film and television.

The centre will set up a new institute in Arunachal Pradesh as part of an initiative to tap the potential of the North-Eastern region, informed by Jitendra Singh Rana, former Union Minister of State for Development of North Eastern Region.

FTI also sponsors a film award show named Global Indie Film Awards/Festival or GIFA.
Parisse
Parisse /pæˈriːs/ is a surname. People with that name include:

Annie Parisse (born Anne Marie Cancelmi, 1975), American actor

Clément Parisse (born 1993), French cross-country skier

Sergio Parisse (born 1983), Italian rugby player

Tony Parisse (1911–56), American baseball player

Sergio Parisse
Sergio Francesco Parisse (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛrdʒo paˈrisse]; born 12 September 1983) is an Italian-Argentine former rugby union player. He is currently the lineout coach for French club Toulon. He played for the Italy national team from 2002 until the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Parisse is Italy's most-capped player, and currently the fourth most-capped player of all time. He was the first Italian rugby union player to be nominated for the IRB International Player of the Year, in 2008 and again in 2013. Parisse is widely considered one of the greatest number eights of the modern era, and among the greatest Italian rugby player of all time. He also holds the joint record of playing in five Rugby World Cups.
Corporations Act 1718
The Corporations Act 1718 (5 Geo. 1. c. 6) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The act stated that members of municipal corporations were no longer required to take the oath against resistance nor to sign the repudiation of the Solemn League and Covenant. No person would be removed or prosecuted if they failed to take the sacramental test "unless such person be removed or such prosecution be commenced within six months of such person's being placed or elected into his respective office".

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
2007 CIS University Cup
The 2007 CIS Men's University Cup Hockey Tournament (45th Annual) was held March 22–25, 2007, at the J. Louis Levesque Arena in Moncton, New Brunswick. The Moncton Aigles Bleus served as tournament host.

Moncton Aigles Bleus ice hockey
The Moncton Aigles Bleus ice hockey team is an ice hockey team representing the Moncton Aigles Bleus athletics program of Université de Moncton. The team is a member of the Atlantic University Sport conference and compete in U Sports. The team plays their home games at the J. Louis Levesque Arena in Moncton, New Brunswick.
Israel Alves
Israel Fernando da Costa Alves (born 31 January 1977), is a Portuguese professional futsal player who plays as a winger for Futsal Azeméis. Israel earned over 100 caps for the Portugal national team and competed in two FIFA Futsal World Cups, in 2004 and 2008, and in three UEFA Futsal Championships, in 2005, 2007, and 2010.
At club level in his long career as a futsal player he became Portuguese champion playing for Sporting CP in the 2003–04 season and he also played in the Spanish División de Honor de Futsal for FS Zamora and in China for Zhuhai Ming Shi.

2010 UEFA Futsal Championship
The 2010 UEFA Futsal Championship was the seventh official edition of the UEFA-governed European Championship for national futsal teams. It was hosted by Hungary, between January 19 and January 30, 2010, in two venues located in Budapest (Papp László Sportaréna) and Debrecen (Főnix Arena). For the first time, twelve teams competed in the final round, after a qualifying phase where eleven teams managed to join the Hungarian hosts.

Having won against Portugal in the group stage, the title holders Spain defeated them again in the final, 4–2, to claim a third consecutive and fifth overall title.
John Chinaman
John Chinaman was a stock caricature of a Chinese laborer seen in cartoons of the 19th century. Also referenced by Mark Twain and popular American songs of the period,  John Chinaman represented, in western society, a typical persona of China. He was typically depicted with a long queue and wearing an Asian conical hat.

Queue (hairstyle)
A queue or cue is a hairstyle historically worn by the Jurchen and Manchu peoples of Manchuria, and was later required to be worn by male subjects of Qing China. The top of the scalp is shaved and the back portion of hair on the head is often grown long  and is braided. The distinctive hairstyle led to its wearers being targeted during anti-Chinese riots in Australia and the United States.

The edict that Han Chinese men and others under Manchu rule give up their traditional hairstyles and wear the queue, the Tifayifu, was met with resistance, although opinions about the queue did change over time. Han women were never required to wear their hair in the traditional women's Manchu style, liangbatou, although that too was a symbol of Manchu identity.
Guilleminea
Guilleminea is a small genus of plants in the family Amaranthaceae. They are sometimes known as matweeds. These are prostrate, mat-forming perennial herbs growing from taproots. The genus includes seven species native to the Americas, ranging from Arkansas, Colorado, and California to northern Argentina. The best known species is perhaps Guilleminea densa, the small matweed, which has been introduced to parts of Africa, Australia, and the eastern United States where it is a weed.

The genus was named after the French botanist Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemin.

Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally and horizontally. Typically, a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproot is a storage organ so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.

The taproot system contrasts with the adventitious- or fibrous-root system of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during germination go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example, Welwitschia.
Hoplias microcephalus
Hoplias microcephalus is a species of trahiras. It is a tropical, benthopelagic freshwater fish which is known to inhabit the São Francisco River in Brazil. Males can reach a maximum length of 35.6 cm (14.0 in).

H. microcephalus was originally described by Louis Agassiz in 1829, under the genus Erythrinus. It was listed as a valid species of Hoplias by O.T. Oyakawa in 2003.

Demersal zone
The demersal zone (from Latin demergere, "to sink") is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone.

Being just above the ocean floor, the demersal zone is variable in depth and can be part of the photic zone where light can penetrate, and photosynthetic organisms grow, or the aphotic zone, which begins between depths of roughly 200 and 1,000 m (700 and 3,300 ft) and extends to the ocean depths, where no light penetrates.