hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foreign relations of Peru
The foreign relations of Peru are managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. is an important first-tier state in South America, Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1945, and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Alberto Fujimori's tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001.

Peru is planning full integration into the Andean Free Trade Area. In addition, Peru is a standing member of APEC and the World Trade Organization, and is an active participant in negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

Free Trade Area of the Americas
The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA, Spanish: Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas, ALCA, Portuguese: Área de Livre Comércio das Américas, ALCA, French: Zone de libre-échange des Amériques, ZLEA) was a proposed agreement to eliminate or reduce the trade barriers among all countries in the Americas, excluding Cuba. Negotiations to establish the FTAA ended in failure, however, with all parties unable to reach an agreement by the 2005 deadline they had set for themselves.
Battle of the Nobles
The Battle of the Nobles (Arabic: غزوة الأشراف, romanized: Ghazwat al-Ashrāf) was an important confrontation in the Berber Revolt in c. 740 AD. It resulted in a major Berber victory over the Arabs in banks of the Chelif River, near Chlef (Algeria). During the battle, numerous Arab aristocrats were slaughtered, which led to the conflict being called the "Battle of the Nobles". Zenata Berber chieftain Khalid ibn Hamid al-Zanati led the revolting Berber soldiers.

Tlemcen
Tlemcen (/tlɛmˈsɛn/; Arabic: تِلِمْسَان, romanized: Tilimsān) is the second-largest city in northwestern Algeria after Oran and the capital of Tlemcen Province. The city has developed leather, carpet, and textile industries, which it exports through the port of Rachgoun. It had a population of 140,158, as of the 2008 census.

A major centre of the Central Maghreb, the city is a mix of Arab, Berber, Andalusi, Ottoman, and Western influences. From this mosaic of influences, the city derives the title of capital of Andalusian art in Algeria. Various titles are attributed to the city including "the Pearl of the Maghreb", "the African Granada" and "the Medina of the West".
Toshiaki Iwashiro
Toshiaki Iwashiro (岩代 俊明, Iwashiro Toshiaki; born December 11, 1977) is a Japanese manga author and illustrator. He is the creator of the manga series Psyren and Mieru Hito, both serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump.

After creating the one-shot manga Godland Company and Sakuran (Tentative), Iwashiro's series Kagamigami was also serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump before its cancellation. His latest work, the one-shot manga Hoshikuzu no Sorakil, was published in Shonen Jump GIGA in 2017. Several of Iwashiro's notable students are Ryūhei Tamura (the author of Beelzebub), Yūki Tabata (the author of Black Clover), and Naoya Matsumoto (the author of Kaiju No. 8).

Iwashiro is native to Kanagawa Prefecture.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
All Because of the Dog
All Because of the Dog (German: Alles weg'n dem Hund) is a 1935 German comedy film directed by Fred Sauer and starring Weiß Ferdl, Julia Serda and Edith Oß. Location shooting took place around Munich and Tegernsee. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Otto Guelstorff and Hans Minzloff.

Tegernsee
Tegernsee (German pronunciation: [ˈteːɡɐnˌzeː] ⓘ) is a town in the Miesbach district of Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the banks of Lake Tegernsee, which is 747 m (2,451 ft) above sea level. A spa town, it is surrounded by an alpine landscape of Upper Bavaria, and has an economy mainly based on tourism.

The town is home to a former Benedictine monastery, the Tegernsee Abbey. Today the building is a Schloss. The northern wing of the abbey contains a brewery that produces the famous Tegernsee Lager Beer.
Lion Throne of Burma
The Lion Throne (also known as Sihasana or Thihathana Palin; Burmese: သီဟသနပလ္လင်, derived from Sanskrit: सिंहासन, romanized: siṃhāsana, lit. 'lion's seat, throne') is one of the eight imperial thrones used by the Burmese monarchs. Seven of them were destroyed by fire during the allied bombing during World War II, but the Lion Throne, the most significant of all, and an imperial symbol, was saved because the throne was transported to India in 1885 after the Third Anglo-Burmese War and remained there for more than 62 years until it was retrieved back to Myanmar in 1948.

Third Anglo-Burmese War
The Third Anglo-Burmese War (Burmese: တတိယအင်္ဂလိပ်–မြန်မာစစ်, romanized: Tatiya Ingaleik–Myanma Sit), also known as the Third Burma War (7–29 November 1885), sporadic resistance continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the 19th century between the Burmese and the British. The war saw the loss of sovereignty of an independent Burma under the Konbaung dynasty, whose rule had already been reduced to the territory known as Upper Burma, the region of Lower Burma having been annexed by the British in 1853, following the Second Anglo-Burmese War.

Following the war, Burma came under the rule of the British Raj as one of its provinces. From 1937, the British governed Burma as a separate colony until Burma achieved independence as a republic in 1948.
Juhan Ross
Juhan Ross (14 August 1925 Aburi, Virumaa – 21 June 2002) was an Estonian atmospheric physicist. He was focused on actinometric measurements related to vegetation canopy. He worked out the fundamental principles of phytoactinometry.

During World War II, he belonged to Finnish Infantry Regiment 200.

In 1951 he graduated from Tartu University in physics. After graduating he started to work at Tartu Observatory. From 1958 to 1991 he was the head of Department of Atmospheric Physics.

He was the author or co-author of six monographs. He published over 150 scientific articles.

Since 1993 he was a member of Estonian Academy of Sciences.

In 2001 he was awarded with Order of the White Star, III class. He was the father of Jaan Ross, a musicologist and psychologist.

Estonian Academy of Sciences
Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Estonian: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Latin: Academia Scientiarum Estoniae) is Estonia's national academy of science in Tallinn.  As with other national academies, it is an independent group of well-known scientists whose stated aim is to promote research and development, encourage international scientific cooperation, and disseminate knowledge to the public.  As of March 2017, it had 77 full members and 20 foreign members.  Since 15 October 2014, the president of the Academy is the mathematician Tarmo Soomere.
Enrique Tornero Hernández
Enrique Tornero Hernández (born 30 May 1980 in Plasencia, Cáceres) is an S9 swimmer from Spain. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal in the 400 meter freestyle race and a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 meter 34 points freestyle relay. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, winning a silver medal in the 400 meter freestyle race.

S9 (classification)
S9, SB8, SM9 are para-swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability.  Swimmers in this class generally have severe weakness in one leg. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy.  The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.
Serenade (The Student Prince song)
"Serenade" is a song with music by Sigmund Romberg and lyrics by Dorothy Donnelly from the first act of their operetta The Student Prince

In the 1954 MGM film The Student Prince, it was sung by Mario Lanza.

Sigmund Romberg
Sigmund Romberg (July 29, 1887 – November 9, 1951) was a Hungarian-born American composer. He is best known for his musicals and operettas, particularly The Student Prince (1924), The Desert Song (1926) and The New Moon (1928).

Early in his career, Romberg was employed by the Shubert brothers to write music for their musicals and revues, including several vehicles for Al Jolson. For the Shuberts, he also adapted several European operettas for American audiences, including the successful Maytime (1917) and Blossom Time (1921). His three hit operettas of the mid-1920s, named above, are in the style of Viennese operetta, but his other works from that time mostly employ the style of American musicals of their eras. He also composed film scores.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in North Dakota
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) held its first congregation in North Dakota in 1919. In 2022, there was 11,487 members in 26 congregations.

Official church membership as a percentage of general population was 1.49% in 2017. According to the 2014 Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey, less than 1% of North Dakotans self-identify themselves most closely with the LDS Church. The LDS Church is the 7th largest denomination in North Dakota.

Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. It also conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, random sample survey research, and panel based surveys,  media content analysis, and other empirical social science research.

The Pew Research Center states it does not take policy stances. It is a subsidiary of the Pew Charitable Trusts and a charter member of the American Association of Public Opinion Research's Transparency Initiative.
Netra Bikram Shah
Netra Bikram Shah (Nepali: नेत्र विक्रम शाह) is a Nepalese politician, who is a former member of the Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province, from People's Socialist Party, Nepal. Shah is a resident of Rajbiraj, Saptari.

Madhesh Provincial Assembly
The Madhesh Provincial Assembly (Nepali/Maithili/Bhojpuri: मधेश प्रदेश सभा) is a unicameral governing and law making body of Madhesh Province, one of the seven Provinces in Nepal, The assembly is seated in the provincial capital at Janakpur in Dhanusha District. The assembly has 107 members, 64 of whom are elected through single-member constituencies and 43 of whom are elected through the party list proportional representation system. They are elected for five-year terms unless the assembly is dissolved earlier.
Still Restless: The Lost Tapes
Still Restless: The Lost Tapes is a 1999 album by Skydiggers.

The album is a different recording of the band's 1992 disc Restless. The 1996 bankruptcy of FRE Records had left the original album, the band's most popular, unavailable in record stores. When they failed to regain control of the master tapes, the band chose to release the rehearsal tapes they had made prior to the recording of Restless.

The track sequencing is significantly different from that of the original album. One track from Restless, "It's Sunday Pouring Down Rain", was not on the new album; instead, a different version of "Joanne", a track from their 1993 album Just Over This Mountain, was substituted. The album also contains two new tracks, including a rendition of the Christmas carol "Good King Wenceslas".

Skydiggers
Skydiggers is a Canadian roots rock band from Toronto formed by Andy Maize and Josh Finlayson. Since 1990, they have released 19 albums/EPs and have had a number of singles that have appeared on the Canadian charts. Their most successful album is Restless, released in 1992. With a presence spanning decades, the band has appeared under a variety of different record labels and with many changes in members that form the group.
Iwataya
Iwataya (岩田屋, Iwataya) is a Japanese department store chain in Fukuoka Prefecture and owned by Iwataya Mitsukoshi Ltd. (株式会社岩田屋三越, Kabushiki Gaisha Iwataya Mitsukoshi), a group company of Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings, Ltd. Two stores are in Tenjin (est. 1936) and Kurume (est. 1972). One of Kyushu's oldest department stores, Iwataya has been in business in Tenjin for 70 years. In addition to garments and household goods, Iwataya offers items of a wide variety of genres as well as children's brands.

Chūō-ku, Fukuoka
Chūō-ku (中央区) is one of the seven wards of Fukuoka city in Japan. The ward is located in the center of the city and has a high proportion of apartment buildings and single-person households.

It includes Tenjin and Daimyō which are among the largest downtown areas in Kyūshū, Nagahama, which is known for its fish market, and Ōhori Park.
Wangford Rural District
Wangford Rural District was a rural district within the administrative county of East Suffolk between 1894 and 1934. It was created out of the earlier Wangford rural sanitary district. It was named after the historic hundred of Wangford, whose boundaries it closely matched. It contained the group of small villages collectively known as The Saints.

In 1910 a new urban district of Bungay was created out of a part of the northern side of the district.

In 1934, under a County Review Order, Wangford Rural District was abolished and its parishes transferred to the new Wainford Rural District. In 1974 the area became part of Waveney district.

Sanitary district
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878.  The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:

Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies

Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions.

Each district was governed by a local board of health, which was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing.

In England and Wales both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced under by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts.  A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
Drive (charity)
In charitable organizations, a drive is a collection of items for people who need them, such as clothing, used items, books, canned food, cars, etc. Some drives ask that people go through their inventory, bag the items up, and put them in a giveaway bin, or charitable organizations such as Big Brothers Big Sisters, The Salvation Army come to the house and pick them up. They then put the items in their thrift stores or, if they don't have any, sell them to thrift stores to raise money for their organization.

Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried lentils, could last as long as 30 years in an edible state.

In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the Bertrand, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat.
Aveek Sarkar v. State of West Bengal
Aveek Sarkar v. State of West Bengal (2014) 4 SCC 257 is a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India that redefined the legal standard for determining obscenity under Indian law. Delivered on February 3, 2014, by a bench comprising Justice K.S. Radhakrishnan and Justice A.K. Sikri, the decision rejected the outdated Hicklin test in favor of the more progressive "community standards test," aligning Indian jurisprudence with contemporary societal values.

Stern (magazine)
Stern (pronounced [ʃtɛʁn] ⓘ, German for "Star", stylized in all lowercase) is an illustrated, broadly left-liberal, weekly current affairs magazine published in Hamburg, Germany, by Gruner + Jahr, a subsidiary of Bertelsmann. Under the editorship (1948–1980) of its founder Henri Nannen, it attained a circulation of between 1.5 and 1.8 million, the largest in Europe's for a magazine of its kind.

Unusually for a popular magazine in post-war West Germany, and most notably in the contributions to 1975 of Sebastian Haffner, Stern investigated the origin and nature of the preceding tragedies of German history. In 1983, however, its credibility was seriously damaged by its purchase and syndication of the forged Hitler Diaries. A sharp drop in sales anticipated the general fall in newsprint readership in the new century.  By 2019, circulation had fallen under half a million.
Kartikey Malviya
Kartikey Malviya is an Indian child actor. He is well known for his role as Young Shani in the popular mythological soap Karmaphal Daata Shani that aired on Colors TV. Malviya was last seen in Chandragupta Maurya. He plays the role of Samba (Son of Lord Krishna) in the series RadhaKrishn.

Colors TV
Colors TV India is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, fantasy shows, romantic dramas, comedies, reality shows and crime shows.
Usa Marine Biological Institute
The Usa Marine Biological Institute (UMBI) (sometimes referred to as MBI-Japan, Japanese Marine Biological Institute,  Usa Kaiyo Center or just Usa) is one of the oldest and largest centers for phycology, marine biology research, graduate training, and public service in Japan. It is devoted to scientific research  leading to MS and PhD degrees in phycology, marine biology and related fields. It grants degrees jointly with Kochi University.

UMBI is located in the village of Usa cho, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.

Phycology
Phycology (from Ancient Greek  φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of algae.  Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science.

Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum).

A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens.

Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae.
Thunberg
Thunberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), Swedish naturalist

Anna Sofia Thunberg (1790–1871), Swedish opera singer

Clas Thunberg (1893–1973), Finnish speed skater

Greta Thunberg (born 2003), Swedish climate activist

Lage Thunberg (1905–1977), Swedish Air Force general

Olof Thunberg (1925–2020), Swedish actor and director

Svante Thunberg (born 1969), Swedish actor, producer and author

Torsten Thunberg (1873–1952), Swedish physiologist

Clas Thunberg
Arnold Clas ("Classe") Robert Thunberg (5 April 1893 – 28 April 1973) was a Finnish speed skater who won five Olympic gold medals – three at the inaugural Winter Olympics held in Chamonix in 1924 (along with a silver and a bronze medal) and two at the 1928 Winter Olympics held in St. Moritz. He was the most successful athlete at both of these Winter Olympics, sharing the honour for 1928 Winter Olympics with Johan Grøttumsbraaten of Norway. 
No other athlete ever won such a high fraction of all Olympic events at a single Games. 
He was born and died in Helsinki.
Tombet
Tombet or tumbet is a traditional vegetable dish from Majorca, consisting of layers of sliced potatoes, aubergines and red bell peppers previously fried in olive oil. It is available at almost every local restaurant on the island.

Tombet is often served along with fish or meat, but on its own it makes a good vegetarian dish.

Capsicum
Capsicum (/ˈkæpsɪkəm/) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to the Americas, cultivated worldwide for their edible fruit, which are generally known as "peppers" or "capsicum". Chili peppers grow on five species of Capsicum. Sweet or bell peppers and some chili peppers are Capsicum annuum, making it the most cultivated species in the genus.
Street (crater)
Street is a lunar impact crater located just to the south of the prominent ray crater Tycho. Street lies within the skirt of high-albedo ejecta from Tycho, and it is more heavily worn than its younger and larger neighbor. There are several smaller craters joined to the western rim, as well as two craters along the eastern rim. The floor is relatively smooth and flat, except for a small craterlet in the western half. The crater is 58 kilometres (36 mi) in diameter and 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) in depth. It may be from the Pre-Imbrian period, which lasted from 4.55 to 3.85 billion years ago. It is named for the 17th-century English astronomer Thomas Street.

Lunar geologic timescale
The lunar geological timescale (or selenological timescale) divides the history of Earth's Moon into five generally recognized periods: the Copernican, Eratosthenian, Imbrian (Late and Early epochs), Nectarian, and Pre-Nectarian. The boundaries of this time scale are related to large impact events that have modified the lunar surface, changes in crater formation through time, and the size-frequency distribution of craters superposed on geological units. The absolute ages for these periods have been constrained by radiometric dating of samples obtained from the lunar surface. However, there is still much debate concerning the ages of certain key events, because correlating lunar regolith samples with geological units on the Moon is difficult, and most lunar radiometric ages have been highly affected by an intense history of bombardment.