hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frog-shaped jade ornament
The Frog-shaped jade ornament is an ancient artifact unearthed in the archaeological site at Yenliao, Hualien, Taiwan in 1994. It can be dated back to 2,800 to 2,300 years ago (B.P.; or 851-351 BC). It is one of the most significant jade ornaments of the Huakangshan Culture during the Neolithic period. It is thought to have been used as a pendant.

This ornament, made of nephrite (Taiwanese jade) is 36.4 millimetres (1.43 in) in length and 27 millimetres (1.1 in) in width. The shape is reminiscent of a frog, with a pair of big, round eyes, as well as forking limbs. There is a notch on the head, possibly to allow the ornament to be worn on a string. The ornament is unique and rare for being a complete animal-shaped jade ornament dating from prehistoric Taiwan. It demonstrates the jade production techniques of prehistoric Taiwan, and was therefore designated as a national treasure in 2014. It is now held in the National Museum of Prehistory collections.

Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".
Tischeria dodonea
Tischeria dodonea is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, Italy and Romania and from Ireland to Ukraine. There is a disjunct population in eastern Russia.

The moth is difficult to distinguish from Tischeria ekebladella (T. dodonea forewings are yellower, less fuscous-tinged towards apex; hindwings dark grey). Certain identification requires examination of a genitalia preparation.

Adults are on wing mainly June depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Castanea sativa and Quercus species, including Quercus faginea, Quercus macrolepis, Quercus petraea, Quercus pubescens, Quercus robur  and Quercus rubra, x turneri. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus faginea
Quercus faginea, the Portuguese oak, is a species of oak native to the western Mediterranean region in the Iberian Peninsula. Similar trees in the Atlas Mountains of northwest Africa are usually included in this species, or sometimes treated as a distinct species, Quercus tlemcenensis. It occurs in mountains from sea level to 1,900 metres (6,200 feet) above sea level, and flourishes in a variety of soils and climates. Out of all the oak forests in the Iberian Peninsula, the southern populations of Portuguese oak were found to have the highest diversity and endemism of spider species.
James Gow (politician)
James Burman Gow (1862 – 6 August 1942) was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council.

Gow was born in 1862 in Forfarshire, Scotland. He arrived in New Zealand as a boy and received his education at Otago Boys' High School. He married Agnes Alison Murray in 1886.

He was from Ōpōtiki where he owned a mill. In the 1908 general election he was a candidate for the Bay of Plenty electorate, but he was beaten by William MacDonald in the second ballot. He was a member of the Legislative Council from 7 May 1918 to 6 May 1925; then 7 May 1925 to 6 May 1932, when his term ended. He was appointed by the Reform Government.

He died on 6 August 1942 at his residence in Ōpōtiki, and was survived by his wife, three sons and three daughters.

Ōpōtiki
Ōpōtiki (/ɔːpɔːˈtɪki/; from Ōpōtiki-Mai-Tawhiti) is a town in the eastern Bay of Plenty in the North Island of New Zealand. It houses the headquarters of the Ōpōtiki District Council, the mayor of Ōpōtiki and comes under the Bay of Plenty Regional Council.
Federal level (Germany)
The federal level (also called the Bund or Bundesebene) is the highest level in the hierarchy of the federal state model in Germany. In political science and legal science, the model is based on the idea of a federally organized political system at the state level. Although the individual federal states have their own state government, administration and jurisdiction, their powers are derived from the federal government, which is granted competence (Kompetenz-Kompetenz). Due to their lack of external independence, the German states are not (sovereignty) states in the sense of international law, but are subdivisions of the federal state endowed with independent state sovereignty and are subject to international law.

Kompetenz-kompetenz
Kompetenz-kompetenz, or competence-competence, is a jurisprudential doctrine whereby a legal body, such as a court or arbitral tribunal, may have competence, or jurisdiction, to rule as to the extent of its own competence on an issue before it. The concept arose in the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. Since then, kompetenz-kompetenz has often been important in international arbitration.
Scandium chloride
Scandium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula ScCl3. It is a white, high-melting ionic compound, which is deliquescent and highly water-soluble. This salt is mainly of interest in the research laboratory.  Both the anhydrous form and  hexahydrate (ScCl3·6H2O) are commercially available.

Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether.  It is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity.  It is mainly used as a precursor to polymers.  Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. It is an isomer of another solvent, butanone.
Farja
Farja (Arabic: الفرجة)  is a Syrian village located in Al-Tamanah Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Farja had a population of 1342 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Maria Francesca Nascinbeni
Maria Francesca Nascinbeni (1658–1680) was an Italian composer.

She studied in Ancona, Italy, with the Augustinian friar Scipio Lazzarini. He included her motet Sitientes venite and works by two of his other students in his Motetti a due e tre voce. At age sixteen (December 1674) Nascinbeni published one volume of music including songs, canzonas, madrigals and motets for organ and one, two and three voices. All that is known of her life is from the prefaces to her music volumes.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Beth Bonner
Elizabeth Bonner (June 9, 1952 – October 9, 1998) was an American long-distance runner. On May 9, 1971, Bonner ran a 3:01:42 marathon time in Philadelphia at the AAU Eastern Regional Championships, breaking the world best set one year earlier by Caroline Walker. On September 19, 1971, she became the first winner of the women's division of the New York City Marathon at the age of 19. Some sources question the validity of Adrienne Beames' 2:46:30 time one month earlier, so Bonner's 2:55:22 performance at New York is frequently credited as the first sub-three hour performance by a woman.

Bonner was attending Brandywine College as a freshman when she had her sub-three hour race in the New York City Marathon.

Bonner earned a PhD from Auburn University. She also coached running in Louisiana and in Kerrville, Texas, at Schreiner University. She died in Kerrville in 1998 when she was hit by a truck while biking.

An annual 5K run is held in her name in Arthurdale, West Virginia.

Marathon world record progression
World records in the marathon are ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.

Kenyan athlete Kelvin Kiptum set a men's world record time of 2:00:35 on October 8, 2023, at the 2023 Chicago Marathon, a mixed-sex race.

Kenyan athlete Ruth Chepng'etich broke the women's world record with a time of 2:09:56 on October 13, 2024, at the 2024 Chicago Marathon, a mixed-sex race.

In addition to the standard women's marathon world record, World Athletics also recognizes a second world record for women in the "Women Only" category, meaning that the marathon was run on a course without any male athletes in the competition. The current "Women Only" record of 2:15:50 was set by Tigst Assefa on April 27, 2025, at the London Marathon in the elite women's race.
New Brunswick Route 655
Route 655 is a 15.3-kilometre (9.5 mi) long mostly east–west secondary highway in the southwestern portion of New Brunswick, Canada. Most of the route is in New Maryland Parish.

The route starts at Route 101 in Nasonworth where it crosses the Oromocto River and travels southeast through Rusagonis-Waasis. The route continues to cross Route 2 and Route 7 while running along the east bank of the Oromocto River. Route 655 ends between Oromocto and Lincoln at Route 102 close to the Fredericton International Airport.

Nasonworth, New Brunswick
Nasonworth is a community in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) south of New Maryland; the name was also used for a special service area within the local service district of the parish of New Maryland.
Iowa Hawkeyes wrestling
The University of Iowa men's wrestling program is one of the most successful NCAA Division I athletic programs. The Hawkeyes are 37 time Big Ten Conference champions and second in NCAA history with 24 National Championships.

Ed Banach
Edward Joseph "Ed" Banach (born February 6, 1960) is an athlete who won a gold medal in wrestling in the 1984 Summer Olympics. He wrestled for the University of Iowa under  coach Dan Gable from 1980 to 1983, where he was  a four-time NCAA All-American, and a three-time NCAA national champion (1980, 1981, and 1983). He was named the 1983 Big Ten Athlete of the Year.

Banach and his twin brother Lou Banach were noted for both winning gold medals in wrestling in the 1984 Olympic Games, as did the Schultz brothers, Dave and Mark.
Murray Muir
Murray Fergus Muir (16 February 1928 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played one first-class match for Otago during the 1949–50 season.

Muir was born at Dunedin in 1928. An off break bowler who played club cricket for the Grange club in Dunedin, he played for an Otago side against Southland in December 1949 before playing in his only first-class fixture later in the season. Against Canterbury at Carisbrook he did not take a wicket in five overs and recorded a duck in the only innings in which he batted. A contemporary newspaper article in the Otago Daily Times, described him as a slow-medium bowler who "swings the ball very late and bowls an excellent off-break".

Muir married netball player and coach Lois Osborne in 1955; the couple went on to have three children. He died at Anderson's Bay in Dunedin in 2004 at the age of 76.

Otago Daily Times
The Otago Daily Times (ODT) is a newspaper published by Allied Media Ltd in Dunedin, New Zealand. The ODT is one of the country's four main daily newspapers, serving the southern South Island with a circulation of around 26,000 and a combined print and digital annual audience of 304,000. Founded in 1861 it is New Zealand's oldest surviving daily newspaper – Christchurch's The Press, six months older, was a weekly paper until March 1863.

Its motto is "Optima Durant" or "Quality Endures".
Cecil Murphey
Cecil "Cec" Murphey (born January 28, 1933) is an American writer, whose books are in categories such as nonfiction, biography, caregiving, memoir, fiction, and inspirational. He has best sellers to his credit, most notably 90 Minutes in Heaven, a collaboration with Don Piper, and Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story a collaboration with Dr. Ben Carson. Murphey has also written books with other celebrities, such as football player Shaun Alexander, Franklin Graham and Bishop Eddie Long. Murphey is also a public speaker on such topics as Christianity, faith, male sexual abuse, caregiving, and writing.

Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts, or rape, in real time on webcam.

Molestation refers to an instance of sexual assault, especially when perpetrated against a child. The perpetrator is called (often pejoratively) a molester. The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to sexually stimulate any of the involved. The use of a child for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse and, for pubescent or post-pubescent individuals younger than the age of consent, statutory rape.

Sexual abuse can be perpetrated against other vulnerable populations like the elderly, a form of elder abuse, or those with developmental disabilities.
Oh How She Changed
"Oh How She Changed" is a song by English band Strawbs written by Dave Cousins and Tony Hooper. It was the first single to be released by Strawbs and later appeared on their 1969 album Strawbs. An alternative mix of the song appears on the 2006 box set A Taste of Strawbs and a re-working on 2009's Dancing to the Devil's Beat.

Dave Cousins
David Joseph Cousins (born David Joseph Hindson; 7 January 1940 – 13 July 2025) was an English musician. He was the leader, singer and most-active songwriter of Strawbs, from 1967.

Cousins was a founding member of Strawbs, which started out as the Strawberry Hill Boys playing bluegrass music, then moved on to folk, folk rock, and progressive rock. He also performed as an acoustic duo with Strawbs guitarist Brian Willoughby, and as Acoustic Strawbs with Willoughby (until August 2004), Dave Lambert and Chas Cronk (from September 2004).
W. Bret Calhoun
W. Bret Calhoun (born May 12, 1964, in Dallas, Texas) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer. The son of a school teacher who also owned and trained horses, he attended Texas Tech University but left before graduating.

Calhoun began his professional training career in 1993 and earned his first win on April 1, 1994. He has competed regularly at Louisiana Downs and Fair Grounds Race Course in Louisiana and in Texas at Sam Houston Race Park, Oklahoma City's Remington Park, and Lone Star Park. In Kentucky in 2008, Calhoun won the Aegon Turf Sprint Stakes at Churchill Downs and the Grade I Shakertown Stakes at Keeneland Race Course with Mr. Nightlinger.

In 2008, Bret Calhoun finished fourth in total wins for the year among all trainers in the United States. His horses won 228 races and earned $5,226,163.

Remington Park
Remington Park is a horse racing track and casino located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Built in 1988 by Edward J. DeBartolo Sr., it was the first world-class pari-mutuel track in Oklahoma. Since 2010, Global Gaming RP has owned and operated the racing facility.
9th Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 9th Medium Regiment was a Royal Artillery unit, formed in the British Army during World War II. First raised in 1940 as infantry of the Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment), it was converted to the medium artillery role in 1942 and fought in the campaign in North West Europe. It was disbanded after the war.

Roer
The Roer (Dutch: [ruːr] ⓘ, Limburgish: [ʀuːʀ˦]) or Rur (German: [ʁuːɐ̯] ⓘ; French: Rour [ʁuʁ]) is a major river that flows through portions of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. It is a right (eastern) tributary to the Meuse (Dutch: Maas).  About 90 percent of the river's course is in Germany.

It is not to be confused with the rivers Ruhr and Röhr, which are tributaries of the Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia.
Carlos Lugo (Paraguayan footballer)
Carlos Maria Lugo Aquino (born 30 May 1976) is a Paraguayan football defender. He played for Sport Boys in Peru. Lugo started in the youth divisions of Olimpia Asunción he then had a spell with All Boys in Argentina before playing in the professional squad of Club Cerro Corá. Lugo then moved to Cienciano of Peru where he was part of the team that won the Copa Sudamericana and Recopa Sudamericana. He is best remembered for his winning goal in the 2003 Copa Sudamericana final against River Plate.

Lugo also played for Club Nacional of Paraguay in 2007 and moved to Sport Boys of Peru in 2008.

Lugo also played for the Paraguay national football team in 2004.

Club Cerro Corá
Club Cerro Corá was a Paraguayan football club based in the city of Asunción (Paraguay). The club was founded March 1, 1925 and played in the Primera División B Metropolitana, the third division of Paraguayan football. Their home games were played at the Estadio General Andrés Rodríguez (named after the former Paraguayan president) which had a capacity of approximately 6,000 seats.
Ko Rang, Ko Chang
Ko Rang (Thai: เกาะรัง, pronounced [kɔ̀ʔ rāŋ]) is an island in the southwestern part of the Ko Chang archipelago on the southeastern edge of the Gulf of Thailand. The island rises up out of 60m of water in most places and has few beaches. The southeastern corner of the island offers a reasonable anchorage and the Thai Coast Guard has deployed several mooring buoys in this area for dive boats.  There is a small Buddhist shrine on the beach adorned with phallic fertility statues. The small island of Ko Tun lies across a narrow channel to the south where fishing boats take shelter from the southwest monsoon.

Royal Thai Navy
The Royal Thai Navy (Abrv: RTN, ทร.; Thai: กองทัพเรือไทย, RTGS: kong thap ruea thai) is the naval warfare force of Thailand. Established in 1906, it was modernised by the Admiral Prince Abhakara Kiartiwongse (1880–1923) who is known as the father of the Royal Navy. It has a structure that includes the naval fleet, Royal Thai Marine Corps, and Air and Coastal Defence Command. The RTN headquarters is at Sattahip Naval Base.

The navy operates three naval area commands (NAC): Northern Gulf of Thailand (First NAC); Southern Gulf of Thailand (Second NAC); and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) (Third NAC). RTN also has two air wings and one flying unit on its aircraft carrier.
Djedi
Djedi (also Dedi or Djedi of Djed-Sneferu) is the name of a fictional ancient Egyptian magician appearing in the fourth chapter of a story told in the legendary Westcar Papyrus. He is said to have worked wonders during the reign of king (pharaoh) Khufu (4th Dynasty).

Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty IV) is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Dynasty IV lasted from c. 2613 to c. 2498 BC. It was a time of peace and prosperity as well as one during which trade with other countries is officially documented.

The Fourth Dynasty heralded the height of the pyramid-building age. The peaceful rule of the Third Dynasty allowed artistic expressions to flourish. Building experiments done by King Sneferu led to the evolution of mastaba tombs into the smooth-sided pyramids like those seen on the Giza Plateau. According to some historians, no other period in Egyptian history equaled the accomplishments achieved during the Fourth Dynasty.
Elena Braverman
Elena Yanovna Braverman (née Lumelskaya, Russian: Елена Яновна Браверман) is a Russian, Israeli, and Canadian mathematician known for her research in delay differential equations, difference equations, and population dynamics. She is a professor of mathematics and applied mathematics at the University of Calgary, and one of the editors-in-chief of the journal Advances in Difference Equations.

Population dynamics
Population dynamics is the type of mathematics used to model and study the size and age composition of populations as dynamical systems. Population dynamics is a branch of mathematical biology, and uses mathematical techniques such as differential equations to model behaviour. Population dynamics is also closely related to other mathematical biology fields such as epidemiology, and also uses techniques from evolutionary game theory in its modelling.
Elsewhere (music venue)
Elsewhere is a music venue in Bushwick, Brooklyn. It opened on October 31, 2017. It has five musical performance spaces. The venue is owned by the same individuals who owned Glasslands Gallery when it closed in 2014.

Elsewhere is in a renovated warehouse near the Jefferson Street station.

In May 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, a replica of Elsewhere was built in Minecraft and a digital concert was held as the physical venue itself was closed due to social distancing restrictions.

Jefferson Street station
The Jefferson Street station is a station on the BMT Canarsie Line of the New York City Subway. Located in Bushwick, Brooklyn at the intersection of Jefferson Street and Wyckoff Avenue, it is served by the L train at all times.
Amy Goldin
Amy Goldin (February 20, 1926 – April 2, 1978) was an American art critic who worked from 1965 until 1978. In those thirteen years, she published almost 200 pieces, from single paragraph reviews of current exhibitions, catalog essays, and book reviews. She covered topics that were unconventional at the time: Folk art, African-American art, craft, decoration, graffiti and Islamic art. Her writing appeared regularly in Arts, ARTnews, Artforum, Art Journal, New American Review, International Journal for Aesthetics and Art Criticism, and most frequently in Art in America, where she was a contributing editor.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.