hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MacArthur Park Historic District
The MacArthur Park Historic District encompasses a remarkably well-preserved collection of Victorian buildings in the heart of Little Rock, Arkansas.  The main focal point of the district is MacArthur Park, site of the Tower Building of the Little Rock Arsenal and Little Rock's 19th-century military arsenal.  The district extends north and west from the park for about four blocks, to East Capitol Avenue in the north and Scott Street to the west, and extends south, beyond Interstate 630, to East 17th Street.  This area contains some of the city's finest surviving antebellum and late Victorian architecture, including a particularly large number (19) of Second Empire houses, and achieved its present form roughly by the 1880s. The MacArthur Park Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Interstate 630
Interstate 630 (I-630) in Arkansas is an east–west connector within Little Rock. It is also known as the Wilbur D. Mills Freeway and starts at I-430 and Shackleford Road as a continuation of Chenal Parkway, traveling east into downtown Little Rock to I-30.
Iiyama Domain
Iiyama Domain (飯山藩, Iiyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It was located in northern Shinano Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Iiyama Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Iiyama in Nagano Prefecture.

Battle of Hokuetsu
The Battle of Hokuetsu (北越戦争, Hokuetsu sensō) took place during the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, which occurred in 1868 in the northwestern part of Japan, in the area of modern Niigata Prefecture.
VMA-322
Marine Attack Squadron 322 (VMA-322) was an attack squadron in the United States Marine Corps.  The squadron, also known as the "Fighting Gamecocks", fought in World War II and later became a part of the Marine Forces Reserve based out of Naval Air Station South Weymouth, Massachusetts.

United States Marine Corps Reserve
The Marine Forces Reserve (MARFORRES or MFR), also known as the United States Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR) and the U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve, is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. The Marine Corps Reserve is an expeditionary, warfighting organization and primarily designed to augment and reinforce the active duty units of the Marine Corps in their expeditionary role. It is the largest command, by assigned personnel, in the U.S. Marine Corps.

Marines in the Reserve go through the same training and work in the same Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) as their active-duty counterparts. The United States Marine Corps Reserve was established when Congress passed the Naval Appropriations Act of 29 August 1916, and is responsible for providing trained units and qualified individuals to be mobilized for active duty in time of war, national emergency, or contingency operations.
Disjunctive sum
In the mathematics of combinatorial games, the sum or disjunctive sum of two games is a game in which the two games are played in parallel, with each player being allowed to move in just one of the games per turn.  The sum game finishes when there are no moves left in either of the two parallel games, at which point (in normal play) the last player to move wins.
This operation may be extended to disjunctive sums of any number of games, again by playing the games in parallel and moving in exactly one of the games per turn. It is the fundamental operation that is used in the Sprague–Grundy theorem for impartial games and which led to the field of combinatorial game theory for partisan games.

Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.
Marshall Roberts Collection
The Art Collection of Marshall Owen Roberts was a collection of sculptures, antiques and paintings owned by New York industrialist Marshall Owen Roberts. The collection, which featured many prominent American artists and works, including Emanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware, remained intact following his 1880 death until it was auctioned off in 1897.

Frederic Edwin Church
Frederic Edwin Church (May 4, 1826 – April 7, 1900) was an American landscape painter born in Hartford, Connecticut. He was a central figure in the Hudson River School of American landscape painters, best known for painting large landscapes, often depicting mountains, waterfalls, and sunsets. Church's paintings put an emphasis on realistic detail, dramatic light, and panoramic views. He debuted some of his major works in single-painting exhibitions to a paying and often enthralled audience in New York City. In his prime, he was one of the most famous painters in the United States.
Alaska Senate district S
Alaska Senate district S is one of 20 districts of the Alaska Senate. It has been represented by Democrat Lyman Hoffman since 2003. Hoffman previously represented District M from 1991-1993 and District T from 1995–2003. District T is located in Southwest Alaska and encompasses the entirety of Alaska's 37th House of Representatives district and 38th House of Representatives district, including the Aleutian Islands, Bethel, and Bristol Bay.

Alaska State Senate
The Alaska State Senate is the upper house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. It convenes in the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau, Alaska and is responsible for making laws and confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.

With just twenty members, the Alaska Senate is the smallest state legislative chamber in the United States. Its members serve four-year terms and each represent an equal number of districts with populations of approximately 35,512 people, per 2010 census figures. They are not subject to term limits.
Kenswick, Texas
Kenswick is a large neighborhood located in an Unincorporated area of Harris County, Texas, United States. The neighborhood is just north of Houston and west of Humble, Texas. Kenswick is served by Aldine Independent School District.

30°00′52″N 95°17′53″W﻿ / ﻿30.01444°N 95.29806°W﻿ / 30.01444; -95.29806

Harris County, Texas
Harris County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,731,145, and was estimated to be 5,009,302 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Texas and the third-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Houston, the most populous city in Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on December 22, 1836 and organized on March 10, 1837. It is named for John Richardson Harris, who founded the town of Harrisburg on Buffalo Bayou in 1826. It contains over 16% of the state's population. Harris County is included in the nine-county Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area, which is the fifth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.
Chester–Hadlyme Ferry
The Chester–Hadlyme Ferry is a seasonal ferry crossing the Connecticut River between the town of Chester, Connecticut, and the village of Hadlyme (in the town of Lyme, Connecticut). It is the second oldest continuously operating ferry service in the state of Connecticut and is a state-designated  historical landmark. The ferry is part of the scenic portion of Route 148 and provides a convenient link between two of Connecticut's tourist attractions: Gillette Castle State Park in Hadlyme and the Essex Steam Train, which runs between Essex and Chester.

Essex, Connecticut
Essex is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 6,733 at the 2020 census. It is made up of three villages: Essex Village, Centerbrook, and Ivoryton.
Bantatay
Bantatay (international title: The Guardian) is a Philippine television drama comedy fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. The series was inspired by the 1995 film Fluke and 1999 sitcom 100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd. Directed by Don Michael Perez, it stars Raymart Santiago in the title role. It premiered on September 20, 2010 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on February 25, 2011 with a total of 115 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Fluke (film)
Fluke is a 1995 American fantasy drama film directed by Carlo Carlei from a screenplay by Carlei and James Carrington, based on the 1977 novel of the same name by James Herbert. It stars Matthew Modine as a self-centered businessman who is reincarnated as a dog and attempts to reconnect with his family. Nancy Travis, Eric Stoltz, Jon Polito, Max Pomeranc, and Samuel L. Jackson appear in supporting roles.

The film was theatrically released in the United States on June 2, 1995, by MGM/UA Distribution Co. It received mixed to negative reviews from critics and underperformed at the box office, grossing only $3.9 million. At the 22nd Saturn Awards, it earned two nominations: Best Fantasy Film and Best Performance by a Younger Actor for Pomeranc.
NGC 322
NGC 322 is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 318 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Phoenix. It was discovered on September 5, 1834 by John Herschel. It was described by Dreyer as "very faint, very small, round, a little brighter middle, 3 stars to west." It apparently seems to be interacting with PGC 95427, another galaxy.

One supernova, SN 2018bwv (type Ia, mag. 16.2), was discovered in NGC 322 on 23 May, 2018.

From legacy survey images a faint ring or tidal feature can be seen around NGC 322.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Nikolay Nikolaevich Zubov
Nikolay Nikolaevich Zubov (Russian: Николай Николаевич Зубов; 11 May 1885 - 11 November 1960) was a Russian naval officer, engineer, geographer, oceanographer and polar explorer.
In 1901, Zubov joined the Sea Cadet Corps and in 1904, participated in the Russo-Japanese War. He was severely wounded in the Battle of Tsushima.
In 1910, he obtained a degree in hydrography from the Navy Academy and took part in a 1912 expedition to Novaya Zemlya.
He carried out many more expeditions into the arctic and in 1945 he was awarded the title of Engineer Rear admiral.

Naval Cadet Corps (Russia)
The Naval Cadet Corps (Russian: Морской кадетский корпус, romanized: Morskoy kadetskiy korpus), occasionally translated as the Marine Cadet Corps or the Sea Cadet Corps, was an educational establishment for educating naval officers for commissioning in the Imperial Russian Navy in Saint Petersburg. The Saint Petersburg Naval Institute traces its lineage from the Naval Cadet Corps.
1913 East Waterford by-election
The 1913 East Waterford by-election was held on 15 February 1913.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, Patrick Joseph Power.  It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate Martin Joseph Murphy, who was unopposed.

Patrick Power (East Waterford MP)
Patrick Joseph Power (17 November 1850 – 8 January 1913) was an Irish Catholic landlord and MP. He was elected Home Rule MP for County Waterford in 1884. After division of the County Waterford constituency, he was MP for East Waterford from 1885 until his death in 1913.
Malay Kumar Lahiri
Lieutenant General Malay Kumar Lahiri, PVSM (also Moloy Lahiri and fondly called Mike Lahiri in Army circles; 20 September 1934 – 16 February 1996) was an Indian Army General Officer and former Indian association football player. He was part of the Indian teams that competed in the Asia Cup, 1959 Merdeka Tournament, 1959 pre Olympic tournament, and 1960 Summer Olympics.

Merdeka Tournament
Merdeka Tournament (Malay: Pestabola Merdeka) is an international friendly football tournament held in Malaysia to commemorate the Independence Day. It is mainly played at Independence Stadium, in Kuala Lumpur. "Merdeka" is the Malay word (borrowed from Sanskrit) for independence or freedom. As of 2024, the tournament has been held 43 times, though with decreasing frequency in recent decades.

The Merdeka Tournament is the oldest invitational football tournament in Asia, and the matches in the tournament are considered International "A" matches (Friendly match) by FIFA.
Neumayer Cliffs
Neumayer Cliffs (German: Neumayersteilwand, 73°7′S 1°45′W﻿ / ﻿73.117°S 1.750°W﻿ / -73.117; -1.750) is a series of abrupt rock cliffs forming the northeast end of Kirwan Escarpment in Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the German Antarctic Expedition under Alfred Ritscher, 1938–39, and named for German geophysicist Georg von Neumayer. Surveyed by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE), 1949–52.

New Swabia
New Swabia (Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was an area of Antarctica explored, with the intention to claim it, by Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1939, within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land. The region was named after the expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia. Although the name "New Swabia" is occasionally mentioned in historical contexts, it is not an officially recognized cartographic name in modern use. The area is now part of Queen Maud Land, governed under the Antarctic Treaty System.
Southern Normal University
Huntingdon Southern Normal University was in Huntingdon, Tennessee in Carroll County, Tennessee. It was chartered in August 1890 and opened in 1891. It was purchased by J. H. Bayer in 1908 for an Industrial and Training School. It closed in 1918. The Huntingdon Special School District was established on the site of the Southern Normal University in 1919.

J. A. Baber served as president. A. L. Peterman was a professor at the school before returning to Kentucky in 1898. Dr. Halbrook also worked at the school.

In 1900, white teachers of the Carroll County Teachers' Institute met at its auditorium for three days. "Colored" teachers met at a public school.

Southern Normal University College of Law offered an L.L.B. degree under Edwin Maxey.

Carroll County, Tennessee
Carroll County is a county located in the western division of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,440. Its county seat is Huntingdon. The county was established by the Tennessee General Assembly on November 7, 1821, and was named for Governor William Carroll.
Redwood Shores
Redwood Shores is a waterfront community in Redwood City, California, along the western shore of San Francisco Bay on the San Francisco Peninsula in San Mateo County. Redwood Shores is the home of several major technology companies, including Oracle Corporation (which relocated its headquarters in 2020), Electronic Arts, Nintendo, Zuora, Qualys, Crystal Dynamics and Shutterfly.

Zuora
Zuora, Inc. is an American enterprise software company headquartered in Redwood City, California that creates and provides software for businesses to launch and manage their subscription-based services. Its applications are designed to automate recurring billing, collections, quoting, revenue recognition, and subscription metrics.

Since 2025, it is owned by American private equity firm Silver Lake together with Singaporean sovereign wealth fund GIC. Tien Tzuo, a co-founder of the company, has served as its CEO since 2007.
Key baronets
The Key baronetcy, of Thornbury in the County of Gloucester and of Denmark Hill in the County of Surrey, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 17 August 1831 for John Key, Lord Mayor of London between 1830 and 1831. The title became extinct on the death of the 4th Baronet in 1932.

Thornbury, Gloucestershire
Thornbury is a market town and civil parish in the South Gloucestershire unitary authority area of England, about 12 miles (19 km)  north of Bristol. It had a population of 12,063 at the 2011 census, rising to 14,496 in the 2021 census. Thornbury is a Britain in Bloom award-winning town, with its own competition: Thornbury in Bloom. The earliest documentary evidence of a village at "Thornbyrig" dates from the end of the 9th century. The Domesday Book of 1086 noted a manor of "Turneberie" belonging to William the Conqueror’s consort, Matilda of Flanders, with 104 residents.
Johan Gørbitz
Johan Görbitz (8 September 1782 – 3 July 1853) was a Norwegian painter. He is most associated with his portraits of prominent Norwegians.

Görbitz was born in Sandviken, Norway. He was one of ten children born to Martin Görbitz (1738-1796) and Lucia Pytter (1762-1825). His father was a successful merchant in Bergen, Norway. In 1798, he was sent to Copenhagen to develop his artistic talents at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. In 1802, he returned to Bergen, where until 1805 he worked as a portrait painter. From 1805 to 1807, he was again in Copenhagen to continue their education, but then traveled to Dresden and Vienna.

In 1809 he moved to Paris, where  for many years he remained a popular portrait painter. In 1836, he returned to Norway and settled  in Christiania (now Oslo). During the  1840s, he was one of Norway's more popular portrait artists and painted many of significant men and women on the time.

Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (Danish: Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi - Billedkunst Skolerne) has provided education in the arts for more than 250 years, playing its part in the development of the art of Denmark.
José Antonio Murgas
José Antonio Murgas (1930 – 24 May 2024) was a Colombian politician. He was minister of work and social security under the presidency of Misael Pastrana by Decree 739 of 17 April 1973, replacing Crispín Villazón de Armas. Murgas was also appointed governor of the Department of Cesar between 22 August 1970 and 17 June 1971. Murgas was also the ambassador of Colombia to the United Nations.

Murgas died on 24 May 2024, at the age of 94.

Misael Pastrana Borrero
Misael Eduardo Pastrana Borrero (14 November 1923 – 21 August 1997) was a Colombian politician and lawyer who served as the 24th President of Colombia from 1970 to 1974. He was also the father of the 30th President Andrés Pastrana Arango.
Ernst Toller
Ernst Toller (1 December 1893 – 22 May 1939) was a German author, playwright, left-wing politician and revolutionary, known for his Expressionist plays. He served in 1919 for six days as President of the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic, after which he became the head of its army. He was imprisoned for five years for his part in the armed resistance by the Bavarian Soviet Republic to the central government in Berlin. While in prison Toller wrote several plays that gained him international renown. They were performed in London and New York City as well as in Berlin.

In 1933 Toller was exiled from Germany after the Nazis came to power. He did a lecture tour in 1936–1937 in the United States and Canada, settling in California for a while before going to New York. He joined other exiles there. He committed suicide in May 1939.

Miklós Radnóti
Miklós Radnóti (born Miklós Glatter, surname variants: Radnói, Radnóczi; 5 May 1909 – 4 or 9 November 1944) was a Hungarian poet, an outstanding representative of modern Hungarian lyric poetry as well as a certified secondary school teacher of Hungarian and French. He is characterised by his striving for pure genre and his revival of traditional, tried and tested genres.
Liberation Army of the South
The Liberation Army of the South (Spanish: Ejército Libertador del Sur, ELS) was a guerrilla force led for most of its existence by Emiliano Zapata that took part in the Mexican Revolution from 1911 to 1920. During that time, the Zapatistas fought against the national governments of Porfirio Díaz, Francisco I. Madero, Victoriano Huerta, and Venustiano Carranza. Their goal was rural land reform, specifically reclaiming communal lands (ejido) stolen by hacendados in the period before the revolution (Porfiriato).

Although rarely active outside their base in Morelos, the Zapatistas allied with Pancho Villa to support the Conventionists against the Carrancistas. After Villa's defeat, the Zapatistas remained in open rebellion. It was only after Zapata's 1919 assassination and the overthrow of the Carranza government that Zapata's successor, Gildardo Magaña, negotiated peace with President Álvaro Obregón.

Ejido
An ejido (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈxiðo], from Latin exitum) is an area of communal land used for agriculture in which community members have usufruct rights rather than ownership rights to land, which in Mexico is held by the Mexican state.  People awarded ejidos in the modern era farm them individually in parcels and collectively maintain communal holdings with government oversight.  Although the system of ejidos was based on an understanding of the preconquest Aztec calpulli and the medieval Spanish ejido, since the 20th century ejidos have been managed and controlled by the government.

After the Mexican Revolution, ejidos were created by the Mexican state to grant lands to peasant communities as a means to stem social unrest. As Mexico prepared to enter the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1991, President Carlos Salinas de Gortari declared the end of awarding ejidos and allowed existing ejidos to be rented or sold, ending land reform in Mexico.
Aosta/Aoste railway station
Aosta/Aoste railway station (Italian: Stazione di Aosta, French: Gare d'Aoste) is the main station serving the city and comune of Aosta, in the autonomous region of Aosta Valley, northwestern Italy.  Opened in 1886, it forms part of the Chivasso–Ivrea–Aosta railway, and is also a junction station for a branch line to Pré-Saint-Didier, in the Valdigne, on the way towards Courmayeur.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Train services to and from the station are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Northwest Italy
Northwest Italy (Italian: Italia nord-occidentale or just Nord-ovest) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Northwest encompasses four of the country's 20 regions:

Aosta Valley

Liguria

Lombardy

Piedmont