hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castra of Desa
The castra of Desa was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia on the north bank of the Danube opposite Ratiaria. Erected by the Romans in the 3rd century AD, its remains are located in Desa (Romania). The fort remained in use until at least 305 AD, when it was garrisoned by a vexillation of Legio XIII Gemina.

Vexillatio
A vexillatio (pl.: vexillationes) was a detachment of a Roman legion formed as a temporary task force created by the Roman army of the Principate. It was named from the standard carried by legionary detachments, the vexillum (pl.: vexilla), which bore the emblem and name of the parent legion.

Although commonly associated with legions, it is likely that vexillationes included auxiliaries. The term is found in the singular, referring to a single detachment, but is usually used in the plural to refer to an army made up of picked detachments. Vexillationes were assembled ad hoc to meet a crisis on Rome's extensive frontiers, to fight in a civil war, or to undertake an offensive against Rome's neighbours. They varied in size and composition, but usually consisted of about 1000 infantry and/or 500 cavalry.
Salt Lake City Southern Railroad
The Salt Lake City Southern Railroad (reporting mark SL) is a 25-mile (40 km) short-line railroad operating between Salt Lake City, and Murray, in Utah, United States.  The SL began operating on April 19, 1993, as a RailTex subsidiary. Today the SL is a subsidiary of the Utah Railway and is owned by the Genesee & Wyoming Inc.

RailTex
RailTex was a transportation holding company that specialized in owning and operating short line railroads across North America.

Based in San Antonio, Texas, the public company was a leader in making unprofitable lines shed by Class I railroads into viable transportation routes. The company was taken over by RailAmerica in February 2000.
Self-domestication
Self-domestication is a scientific hypothesis that posits the occurrence of a process of artificial selection among human beings, akin to that observed in domesticated animals. This process has been executed by human beings themselves. During the process of hominization, a preference for individuals exhibiting collaborative and social behaviors would have emerged, thereby optimizing the benefits for the entire group: docility, language, and emotional intelligence would have been enhanced during this process of artificial selection. The hypothesis posits that this distinction is the primary factor that distinguishes Homo sapiens from Homo neanderthalensis and Homo erectus.

Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine and alternatively spelled adrenalin, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. It plays an essential role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, heart output by acting on the SA node, pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals, including humans, and some single-celled organisms. It has also been isolated from the plant Scoparia dulcis found in Northern Vietnam.
Michael Johnson (footballer, born 1973)
Michael Owen Johnson (born 4 July 1973) is a former footballer who played as a defender, primarily at centre back, although he also played left-back when called upon. He is a current England U18s coach and club ambassador of Derby County. He made more than 550 appearances in the Football League and Premier League, including more than 250 games for Birmingham City and more than 100 each for Notts County, the club where he began his professional career, and for Derby County. Johnson was born in Nottingham, England, and played 13 times for the Jamaica national team, for which he qualified by descent. He retired as a player at the end of the 2008–09 season, and took up the post of youth team manager with Notts County. Michael can also be found coaching with the Campioni Soccer Academy at family holiday resorts during the summer months, coaching and mentoring children whilst they holiday with their parents.

Jamaica national football team
The Jamaica national football team represents Jamaica in men's international football, which is governed by the Jamaica Football Federation founded in 1910. It has been an affiliate member of FIFA since 1962 and an affiliate member of CONCACAF since 1963. Regionally, it is an affiliate member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Jamaica has qualified for the FIFA World Cup once (1998), achieving its first victory after defeating Japan 2–1.

Jamaica has participated sixteen times in CONCACAF's premier continental competition, finishing as runners-up twice in the CONCACAF Gold Cup (2015 and 2017). It has participated three times in League A and once in League B of the CONCACAF Nations League, finishing in third place in the 2024 Finals. It has also participated three times in the Copa América (2015, 2016 and 2024).

Regionally, the team won 6 Caribbean Cup titles (organized by CFU).
Ginbo
Ginbo (also spelled Gimbo) is a district in the South West Region of Ethiopia. The name Ginbo comes from one of the provinces in the former Kingdom of Kaffa. That province, as well as the Kafficho provinces Bonga and Manjo, became districts with the Ethiopian conquest in 1896, and these districts were later merged to form the modern district.

Part of the Keffa Zone, Ginbo is bordered on the south by Decha, on the west by Chena, on the northwest by Gewata, on the north by the Gojeb River which separates it from the Oromia Region, and on the east by Menjiwo. Towns in Ginbo include Diri, Gojeb, Ufa and Wushwush. Ginbo surrounds Bonga town. The western part of Ginbo was used to create Gewata district.

South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region
The Southwest Ethiopia Region, officially the Southwest Ethiopia Peoples' Regional State (Amharic: የደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች ክልል, romanized: Yedebubi Mi‘irabi Ītiyop’iya Hizibochi Kilili) is a regional state in southwestern Ethiopia. It was split off from the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) on 23 November 2021 after a successful referendum.

It consists of the Keffa, Sheka, Bench Sheko, Dawro, West Omo Zones, and Konta Zone. The working language of the region is Amharic.
Ants Tamme
Ants Tamme (20 April 1940 – 12 April 2025) was an Estonian politician and journalist. He was an alternate member of VIII Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Party of Pensioners and Families (Eesti Pensionäride ja Perede Erakond).

He was born in Lelle Rural Municipality (now Kehtna Parish, Pärnu County (now Rapla County). He graduated from Tallinn Pedagogical University in 1966, and has worked as an Estonian language and literature teacher.

Rapla County
Rapla County (Estonian: Rapla maakond or Raplamaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in the northwestern part of the country and borders Järva County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, Lääne County to the west, and Harju County to the north. In 2022 Rapla County had a population of 33,529, constituting 2.5% of the total population of Estonia.
Chippewa Operating System
The Chippewa Operating System (COS) is a discontinued operating system developed by Control Data Corporation in 1964 for the CDC 6600, generally considered the first supercomputer in the world. The Chippewa was initially developed as an experimental system, but was then also deployed on other CDC 6000 machines.

The Chippewa was a rather simple job control oriented system derived from the earlier CDC 3000. Its design influenced the later CDC Kronos and SCOPE operating systems. Its name was based on the Chippewa Falls research and development center of CDC in Wisconsin.

It is distinct from and preceded the Cray Operating System (also called "COS") at Cray.

Control Data Corporation
Control Data Corporation (CDC) was a mainframe and supercomputer company that in the 1960s was one of the nine major U.S. computer companies, which group included IBM, Burroughs Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), NCR Corporation (NCR), General Electric, Honeywell, RCA, and UNIVAC. For most of the 1960s, the strength of CDC was the work of the electrical engineer Seymour Cray who developed a series of fast computers, then considered the fastest computing machines in the world; in the 1970s, Cray left the Control Data Corporation and founded Cray Research (CRI) to design and make supercomputers. In 1988, after much financial loss, the Control Data Corporation began withdrawing from making computers and sold the affiliated companies of CDC; in 1992, CDC established Control Data Systems, Inc. The remaining affiliate companies of CDC do business as the software company Dayforce.
Quinoline alkaloids
Quinoline alkaloids are naturally occurring chemical compounds from the group of alkaloids, which are chemically derived from quinoline. Some quinoline alkaloids show antiseptic, convulsive or antineoplastic effects.

Strychnine
Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn, -nɪn/, STRIK-neen, -⁠nin, US chiefly /-naɪn/ -⁠nyne) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree.
Alan A. Freeman
Alan Albert Freeman, known professionally as Alan A. Freeman (27 September 1920 – 15 March 1985) was an English record producer who worked with Petula Clark, Max Miller, Tony Hancock, Nöel Coward, Morecambe and Wise, Sammy Davis Jr., Frank Sinatra, and Lonnie Donegan, producing UK singles chart number 1 hits by Donegan. Freeman founded the independent Polygon label, which ran from 1950 to 1955, and continued to work for its successor companies, Pye Nixa and Pye, in the 1960s and 70s. He achieved fame as a panellist on the ITV talent show New Faces in the 1970s, and his production career on various other labels lasted into the 1980s.

Max Miller (comedian)
Thomas Henry Sargent (21 November 1894 – 7 May 1963), known professionally by his stage name Max Miller and billed as The Cheeky Chappie, was an English comedian often considered the greatest stand-up of his generation. He came from humble beginnings and left school aged 12. At the outbreak of the First World War, he volunteered for the army. During his time in the forces, he started a troupe concert party. On leaving the army, he took up work as a light comedian, dancer and singer. He toured extensively, appearing in variety and revues, and by the early 1930s reached the top of the bill in the large music halls, including the London Palladium.

He recorded many songs, some of which he wrote. He appeared frequently on radio and starred in 14 feature films. He was known for flamboyant suits and his wicked charm, and his risqué jokes often led to difficulties with the censors. He made his last recording in January 1963 and died four months later.
Kimmo Rintanen
Kimmo Rintanen (born August 7, 1973 in Rauma, Finland) is a former professional ice hockey player who played in the SM-liiga before getting transferred to Swiss Elite League Team Kloten Flyers, where he played from the 2001-02 season until 2010-11, before his final season at HC Lugano in 2011-12. Before his international career, he played for Lukko, TPS, and Jokerit in Finland.  He also won a bronze medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Rintanen has played 155 matches for the National team of Finland and has scored 35 goals. Starting in 2015 he has been an assistant coach for TPS in Finland.

EHC Kloten
EHC Kloten is a professional ice hockey team based in Kloten in Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. It has one of the best youth systems in Swiss ice hockey as its youth teams have won 19 championships during the last 50 years. EHC Kloten won four consecutive Swiss championships from 1993 to 1996. They had never been relegated until the 2017–18 season. They returned to the NL following the 2021–22 season.

The team was called the Kloten Flyers between 2000 and 2016.
Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge
The Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge (Thai: อาศรมวัฒนธรรมไทย-ภารต) is one of the most prestigious Indian cultural organisation in Thailand that seeks to promote comparative studies and exchange between Thai and Indian history and culture. It was founded in 1940 in Bangkok by Swami Satyananda Puri with encouragement from the Indian Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore. The Swami Satyananda Puri foundation was established by the Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge in 1942. Today, the SSPF library is a reference library that houses many old and rare Indian texts. The foundation is also involved in promoting work on Indian culture, especially on the Ramayana.

Today, the TBCL promotes Indian cultural affairs in Thailand and supports Thai and Indian students, studying both in Thailand as well as for studies in India. The Indian government also provides assistance to the Cultural lodge for promoting Indian languages and culture.

Cultural institution
A cultural institution or cultural organization is an organization within a culture or subculture that works for the preservation or promotion of culture. The term is especially used for public and charitable organizations, but its range of meaning can be very broad. Examples of cultural institutions in modern society are museums, libraries, archives, churches, art galleries, theaters, concert halls and opera houses.
Twins Hinahima
Twins Hinahima (Japanese: ツインズひなひま, Hepburn: Tsuinzu Hinahima) is a 2025 Japanese animated television short film produced by Frontier Works and KaKa Creation and animated by KaKa Technology Studio with artificial intelligence (AI) assistance, based on the animated TikTok account of the same name that began in November 2023. It was directed by Kō Nakano from a screenplay written by Yū Shinada, featuring character designs by Takumi Yokota and music by Kujira Yumemi. The film premiered on Tokyo MX on March 28 and on MBS and BS NTV on March 30, 2025. The opening theme song is "Augment Day!" performed by Sae Hiratsuka and Yurie Igoma, while the ending theme song is "6:00 PM" performed by Chico.

Tokyo MX
JOMX-DTV (channel 9), branded as Tokyo MX (officially stylized as TOKYO MX), is an independent television station in Tokyo, Japan, owned by the Tokyo Metropolitan Television Broadcasting Corporation. It is the only television station that exclusively serves the city and parts of nearby prefectures. It competes with Nippon Television, TV Asahi, NHK General TV, NHK Educational TV, TBS TV, TV Tokyo, and Fuji TV, all of which are flagship stations of national networks. Tokyo MX was founded on April 30, 1993, and broadcasts commenced on November 1, 1995. Shareholders include the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Tokyo FM Broadcasting, and others. (MXTV is an associate company of Tokyo FM.)

Every week, Tokyo MX airs the press conferences of the Governor of Tokyo. It is a member of the Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations (JAITS).
Rove beetle
The rove beetles are a family (Staphylinidae) of beetles, primarily distinguished by their short elytra (wing covers) that typically leave more than half of their abdominal segments exposed. With over 66,000 species in thousands of genera, the group is one of the largest families in the beetle order, and one of the largest families of organisms. It is an ancient group that first appeared during the Middle Jurassic based on definitive records of fossilized rove beetles, with the Late Triassic taxon Leehermania more likely belonging to Myxophaga. They are an ecologically and morphologically diverse group of beetles, and commonly encountered in terrestrial ecosystems.

One well-known species is the devil's coach-horse beetle (Ocypus olens). For some other species, see list of British rove beetles.

The family was first described in 1802 by Pierre André Latreille.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Four Murders Are Enough, Darling
Four Murders Are Enough, Darling (Czech: Čtyři vraždy stačí, drahoušku) is a 1971 Czechoslovak action comedy film directed by Oldřich Lipský. It is an adaptation of the 1960 Croatian novel Entry Forbidden to The Dead (Croatian: Mrtvacima ulaz zabranjen) by Nenad Brixy, which had been previously adapted into a Yugoslav film, Mrtvima ulaz zabranjen, in 1965.

The film's plot involves a comedy of mistaken identity. An ordinary schoolteacher is mistaken for a killer. Two rival gangs are eager to hire him.

Cinema of Yugoslavia
The Cinema of Yugoslavia refers to the film industry and cinematic output of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which existed from 1945 until it disintegrated into several independent nations in the early 1990s. Yugoslavia was a multi-ethnic, socialist state, and its cinema reflected the diversity of its population, as well as the political and cultural shifts that occurred during its existence.
Grgur Mekinić
Grgur Mekinić (Gregorius Pythiraeus; 1534 – 4 March 1617) was a Protestant writer and poet notable for his literary activities among Burgenland Croats. He is the author of two religious songbooks published in Burgenland Croatian language; Dusevne peszne, published in 1609, Druge knjige duševnih pesan in 1611, both being dedicated to count Nikola VI Zrinski. He died in Keresztur, Hungary (today Deutschkreutz, Burgenland in Austria) on 4 March 1617.

In 2017, a plaque was unveiled in Deutschkreuz, dedicated to Mekinić.

Burgenland Croatian
Burgenland Croatian is a regional variety of the Chakavian dialect of Croatian spoken in Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Burgenland Croatian is recognized as a minority language in the Austrian state of Burgenland, where it is spoken by 19,412 people according to official reports (2001). Many of the Burgenland Croatian speakers in Austria also live in Vienna and Graz, due to the process of urbanization, which is mostly driven by the poor economic situation of large parts of Burgenland.

Smaller Croatian minorities in western Hungary, southwestern Slovakia, and southern Czech Republic are often also called Burgenland Croats. They use the Burgenland Croatian written language and are historically and culturally closely connected to the Austrian Croats. The representatives of the Burgenland Croats estimate their total number in all three countries and emigration at around 70,000.
Ferdinand Capelle
Ferdinand Capelle (24 April 1883 – 15 October 1942) was a French composer, clarinetist and conductor.

Born in Neuf-Berquin, Capelle studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris where he obtained a first prize in clarinet. He was then professor at the conservatory of Roubaix, where he conducted the harmony orchestra, before that of Merville in 1912. He became clarinet teacher at the Conservatoire de Lille, and directed its harmony in 1936. He composed the music for several songs with Gérard Delaeter as lyricist. He died of illness on 15 October 1942. In particular, he published 20 Grandes études pour clarinette.

First Prize (music diploma)
A First Prize diploma in music (French: Premier Prix) is a high honor Diploma of Musical Studies, typically in performance or composition.  It is awarded by European music conservatories and European-styled conservatories elsewhere.  A First Prize diploma does not denote first in class, but rather, a very high level of artist proficiency.  The typical period of study to earn a First Prize is one to two years.  A First Prize diploma is sometimes wrongly described as being similar to a master's degree in music performance or composition.  As of the mid-1990s, the degree in many European countries has been discontinued.
1996 Formula Nippon Championship
The 1996 Formula Nippon Championship was the twenty-fourth season of premier Japanese single-seater racing, the first season under the management of the newly created Japan Race Promotion (JRP), and the first under the name Formula Nippon, after changing its name from the All-Japan Formula 3000 Championship.

The season was contested over 10 rounds across five venues. Fifteen different teams, 28 different drivers, three different chassis and three different engines competed. Team LeMans driver Ralf Schumacher became the first and only driver to win the Japanese Top Formula championship in his rookie season.

This was the final season for six-time Top Formula Champion Kazuyoshi Hoshino, who announced his retirement from the series prior to the start of the 1997 season. This was also the last year of open tyre competition between Bridgestone and Yokohama Rubber, as Bridgestone would be the series' sole supplier beginning in 1997.

Bridgestone
Bridgestone Corporation (株式会社ブリヂストン, Kabushiki gaisha Burijisuton) is a Japanese multinational manufacturing company based in Kyōbashi, Tokyo. Founded in 1931 by Shōjirō Ishibashi in Kurume, it primarily manufactures tires, as well as golf equipment. The name Bridgestone comes from a calque translation and transposition of the founder's surname, meaning 'stone bridge' in Japanese.

The company has been the world's second-largest tire manufacturer by annual revenue since 2021. As of July 2018, Bridgestone Group has 181 production facilities in 24 countries.
Vince malum bono
Vince malum bono or Vince in bono malum is a Latin phrase meaning Overcome evil with good or Defeat Evil with Good.

The motto comes from partial quotation from the Bible, Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans, 12:21: "Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good" (noli vinci a malo sed vince in bono malum; Greek: Μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν, Mē nikō hypo tou kakou, alla nika en tō agathō to kakon).

The phrase is used as a motto at a number of institutions:

Anahuac Universities Network

Bishop Cotton School, Shimla

Old Swinford Hospital

St. Paul's Senior High School, Denu, Ghana (formerly St. Paul's Secondary  School)

Catholic Memorial School

Inscription above entrance to Florentine Hotel, Sheffield

St. Paul's Senior High School
St. Paul's Senior High School or St. Paul's Boys College (SPACO), formerly St. Paul's Secondary, is a Ghanaian boys' senior high school located at Hatsukope-Denu in the Ketu South Municipal District of the Volta Region.