hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ep Wieldraaijer
Egbert Roelof "Ep" Wieldraaijer (31 March 1927 – 16 February 2017) was a Dutch politician. A member of the Labour Party, he served in the House of Representatives from 1963 to 1974. During this term, he also served as a member of the European Parliament for the Netherlands from 1973 to 1974. Beginning in 1978, Wieldraaijer served a ten-year term as the Mayor of Avereest. He was born in Borne, Overijssel.

Wieldraaijer died on 16 February 2017 in Enschede, at the age of 89.

Enschede
Enschede (Dutch: [ˈɛnsxədeː] ⓘ; local Twents: Eanske [ˈɛːnskə]) is a city and municipality in the province of Overijssel and the Twente region of the eastern Netherlands. The east of the urban area reaches the border of the German city of Gronau.

Enschede began as a small settlement in the Middle Ages and was granted city rights in 1325. It grew as a regional centre for trade and agriculture before becoming a major hub of the textile industry in the 18th and 19th centuries. Until 1935, the municipality of Enschede consisted only of the city of Enschede, when the rural municipality of Lonneker, which surrounded the city, was annexed after the rapid industrial expansion of Enschede that began in the 1860s and involved the building of railways and the digging of the Twentekanaal.

Enschede is home to the football club FC Twente, a one-time Dutch champion; the University of Twente; Saxion University of Applied Sciences and the last Polaroid film factory.
Schmitten, Fribourg
Schmitten is a municipality in the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.  It is one of the municipalities with a large majority of German speakers in the mostly French speaking Canton of Fribourg.

Canton of Fribourg
The canton of Fribourg, also canton of Freiburg, is located in western Switzerland. The canton is bilingual, with French spoken by more than two thirds of the citizens and German by a little more than a quarter. Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg.
Coleosporium asterum
Coleosporium asterum is a species of rust fungus in the family Coleosporiaceae. It infects species in the Asteraceae family, such as those in genus Aster and Solidago, as well as the needle pines Pinus contorta and P. banksiana. It has been recorded on aster family species Canadanthus modestus, Eurybia conspicua, Solidago missouriensis, Symphyotrichum ciliolatum, S. laeve, and numerous others.

The basionym of Coleosporium asterum is Stichopsora asterum, and the fungus originally was found in 1898 on leaves of the Asteraceae species Callistephus chinensis, Aster scaber (now Doellingeria scabra), and Aster tataricus on the island of Honshu, Japan.

Symphyotrichum laeve
Symphyotrichum laeve (formerly Aster laevis) is a flowering plant native to Canada, the United States, and Coahuila (Mexico). It has the common names of smooth blue aster, smooth aster, smooth-leaved aster, glaucous Michaelmas-daisy and glaucous aster.
Acalypha dikuluwensis
Acalypha dikuluwensis was a 25 centimetres (9.8 in) high tropical flowering plant in the genus Acalypha of the family Euphorbiaceae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species declared the plant extinct in 2012. A. dikuluwensis was endemic to copper-rich soils of eastern Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and was only found around Dikuluwe. The soils are derived from Katanga Supergroup Upper Cambrian Roan Group rocks. It was restricted to steppic savanna in copper outcrops, which were destroyed by surface mining. No specimens were found after 1959.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Charles Townshend (British Army officer)
Major General Sir Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend, KCB, DSO (21 February 1861 – 18 May 1924) was a British marine and later soldier who led an overreaching military campaign in Mesopotamia during World War I. His troops were besieged and captured at the Siege of Kut (December 1915 – April 1916), which historian Christopher Catherwood called "the worst defeat of the Allies in World War I".

Controversially and in contrast to the miserable captivity endured by his men, Townshend was held on Prinkipo, where he was treated like an esteemed guest until his release in October 1918. He was briefly a Conservative Member of Parliament from 1920 to 1922.

Raynham Hall
Raynham Hall is a country house in Norfolk, England. For nearly 400 years it has been the seat of the Townshend family. The hall gave its name to the five estate villages, known as The Raynhams, and is reported to be haunted, providing the scene for possibly the most famous ghost photo of all time, the famous Brown Lady descending the staircase. However, the ghost has been allegedly seen infrequently since the photo was taken. Its most famous resident was Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend (1674–1738), leader in the House of Lords.
Gill Dougherty
Gill Dougherty (born April 1961) is a French singer and songwriter, heavily influenced by 1970s and 1980s rock, who was born in Toulouse.

At the end of the 1970s, punk rock was sweeping through France and he found inspiration with The Jam, The Clash, the Sex Pistols, The B-52's, and The Ramones. In France, he found his influences in Bijou, Téléphone and Starshooter. Later, he also noted Link Wray and Chris Spedding as great influences.

Printemps de Bourges
The Printemps de Bourges (French pronunciation: [pʁɛ̃tɑ̃ də buʁʒ], lit. 'Spring of Bourges') is an annual music festival that is held in Bourges, France, over the course of five days. It is now a major event in France and Europe.
1879 Ontario general election
The 1879 Ontario general election was the fourth general election held in the province of Ontario, Canada.  It was held on June 5, 1879, to elect the 88 members of the 4th Legislative Assembly ("MLAs").

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, won a third term in government with a larger majority in the legislature.

The Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith, continued to lose seats.

4th Parliament of Ontario
The 4th Parliament of Ontario was in session from June 5, 1879, until February 1, 1883, just prior to the 1883 general election. The majority party was the Liberal Party  led by Oliver Mowat.

Charles Clarke served as speaker for the assembly.
Wilfredo (character)
Wilfredo is a fictional comedy character, created and portrayed by the British comedian Matt Roper.

The character is an obnoxious, deluded and uncouth satire of a romantic singer characterized in a commedia dell'arte style. Wilfredo has acquired a cult status, particularly among music festival audiences and on the alternative cabaret and comedy circuit in London and in New York City.

Roper has toured the character internationally, performing in Spain, Italy, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, South Africa, Australia, Argentina, and Iceland.

Isy Suttie
Isobel Jane Suttie (/ˈɪziː ˈsʌtiː/; born 11 August 1978) is a British musical comedian, actress and writer. She played Dobby in the Channel 4 sitcom Peep Show, and in 2013 won the gold Radio Academy Award for her radio show Pearl and Dave.
Dubuque Rail Bridge
The Dubuque Rail Bridge carries a single rail line across the Mississippi River between Dubuque, Iowa, and East Dubuque, Illinois, near river mile 580. It is currently operated by Canadian National Railway as a result of their 1999 purchase of Illinois Central Railroad.

Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque (/dəˈbjuːk/ ⓘ, dəb-YOOK) is a city in Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. The population was 59,667 at the 2020 census. The city lies along the Mississippi River at the junction of Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin, a region locally known as the Tri-State Area. It serves as the main commercial, industrial, educational, and cultural center for the area. Geographically, it is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsin Glaciation, resulting in a hilly topography unlike most of the Midwestern United States.

Dubuque is a regional tourist destination featuring the city's architecture, casinos, and riverside location. It is home to five institutions of higher education. While Dubuque has historically been a center of manufacturing, the local economy also includes health care, publishing, and financial service sectors.
Sanyi, Miaoli
24°25′N 120°46′E﻿ / ﻿24.417°N 120.767°E﻿ / 24.417; 120.767

Sanyi Township (Chinese: 三義鄉; pinyin: Sānyì Xiāng) is a rural township in southern Miaoli County, Taiwan. It is famous for its mudiao (woodcarving) industry, earning it the name the Woodcarving Kingdom of Taiwan.

Township (Taiwan)
Townships are the third-level administrative subdivisions of counties of the Republic of China (Taiwan), along with county-administered cities. After World War II, the townships were established from the following conversions on the Japanese administrative divisions:

Although local laws do not enforce strict standards for classifying them, generally urban townships have a larger population and more business and industry than rural townships, but not to the extent of county-administered cities. Under townships, there is also the village as the base/fourth level of administration.

As of 2022, there are in all 184 townships, including 38 urban townships, 122 rural townships and 24 mountain indigenous townships. 174 townships with 35 urban and 115 rural townships are located in Taiwan Province and 10 townships with 3 urban and 7 rural townships are located in Fujian Province. Penghu and Lienchiang are the only two counties that do not have urban townships.
2022 City of Playford Tennis International – Men's doubles
Jeremy Beale and Calum Puttergill won the title after defeating Rio Noguchi and Yusuke Takahashi 7–6(7–2), 6–4 in the final.

Harri Heliövaara and Patrik Niklas-Salminen were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Calum Puttergill
Calum Puttergill (born 22 October 1993) is a South African-born Australian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of No. 138, achieved on 28 October 2024. He also reached a best singles ranking of No. 663 on 24 February 2020. He plays mostly on ATP Challenger Tour.

Puttergill made his ATP main draw debut at the 2021 Great Ocean Road Open in the doubles draw partnering Scott Puodziunas.
Gecker
A gecker is a vocalization most often associated with infant primates. It is defined as a loud and distinct vocalization, which consists of a broken staccato noise. In 1965, Irven DeVore of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences described geckering as a "single sharp yak sound", which may be repeated. It has also been characterized as "cackling." It is common in to all types of macaques, geckering is also associated with fearful jackals and mongooses. Patas monkeys have also been observed to gecker. In macaques, bickering is associated with spastic jerking of the body. Geckers are also commonly displayed in combination with grimaces.

Spasm
A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, such as the bladder.

A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including dystonia. Most commonly, it is a muscle cramp which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain. A muscle cramp is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes. It is typically caused by ion imbalance or muscle fatigue.

There are other causes of involuntary muscle contractions, and some of these may cause a health problem.

A series of spasms, or permanent spasms, is referred to as a "spasmism".
Tyler Hotson
Tyler Hotson (born 30 May 1985, in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian rugby union player who plays at lock.

Hotson currently plays his rugby with Doncaster Knights in the Aviva Championship. He previously played for the Canadian club UBC Old Boys Ravens and Australian club Northern Suburbs.

He has been part of the Canadian national team since his debut at the 2008 Churchill Cup in a 26-10 victory over the United States. Hotson represented Canada at the 2011 Rugby World Cup.

UBC Old Boys Ravens
UBC Old Boys Ravens is a Canadian rugby union team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Founded in 1974, Ravens was formed by graduates from the University of British Columbia. The club currently competes in, and is the two-time defending champion of, the British Columbia Premier Rugby League.
Siegmund Mainka
Siegmund Mainka (born 4 July 1968) is a German sailor from Berlin who competed in three Paralympics games.

He won gold in 2008 and a silver medal in 2012, in the Sonar class. Both medals were achieved with skipper Jens Kroker and fellow crew member Robert Prem.

Sonar (keelboat)
The Sonar is a one design keelboat designed by Bruce Kirby and first built in 1980.

The design was initiated as a commission from the members of the Noroton Yacht Club of Darien, Connecticut, United States.

The Sonar was inducted into the American Sailboat Hall of Fame in 2004.

The design was developed into the Blazer 23, using the same hull, but a larger cabin.
Doug Cockle
Douglas Steven Cockle (born 16 September 1970) is an American actor and director. Cockle is known for his voice-over roles in videogames, most notably of Geralt of Rivia in The Witcher series. He was nominated for a Game Award for Best Performance, a British Academy Games Award for Performer, and won Golden Joystick Award Best Gaming Performance for his portrayal of Geralt in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.

British Academy Games Award for Performer
The British Academy Video Games Award for Performer is an award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) in honor of the best performance featured in a game "from voice artistry through to motion capture by a performer".

The award was first given at the 8th British Academy Video Games Awards ceremony in 2012, with Mark Hamill winning for his performance as the Joker in Batman: Arkham City. The performer with the most awards is Ashley Johnson with two, one each for her portrayal of Ellie in both The Last of Us and The Last of Us: Left Behind. Troy Baker and Nolan North received the most nominations with three.

Since 2019, the award has been split into "Performer in a Leading Role" and "Performer in a Supporting Role".
Cullen Frontier Guard
The Cullen Frontier Guard, Cullen Guard, or First Minnesota Mounted Regiment of the Irregular Volunteer Militia was a mounted militia unit utilized by the Union army during the Dakota War of 1862. The unit's only two engagements were the Battles of New Ulm and the Battle of Birch Coulee where it served as a guide and scouting force for Henry Hastings Sibley.

St. Peter, Minnesota
St. Peter is a city and the county seat of Nicollet County, Minnesota, United States. It is 10 miles north of the Mankato–North Mankato metropolitan area. The population was 12,066 at the 2020 census. It is home to Gustavus Adolphus College.

U.S. Highway 169 and Minnesota State Highways 22 and 99 are three of the city's main routes. St. Peter is known for being located on the scenic Minnesota River valley, being home to the St. Peter State Hospital Museum, the Traverse Des Sioux historic site and the St. Peter Armory. Also, St. Peter's sister city is Petatlán, Guerrero, Mexico.
KRQR
KRQR (106.7 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Orland, California, broadcasting to the entire Sacramento Valley.  KRQR airs an active rock music format branded as "Z-Rock", adopting the branding and imaging formerly used by the satellite radio network of the same name.

The call letters were previously used by frequency 97.3 FM in San Francisco from 1982 to 1995.

Orland, California
Orland is a city in Glenn County, California. The population was 8,298 at the 2020 census, up from 7,291 at the 2010 census, making Orland the most populous city in Glenn County. Orland is located 16 miles (26 km) north of Willows, at an elevation of 259 feet (79 m). Interstate 5, (north–south) passes west of the downtown area while State Route 32 (east–west) passes through downtown.

A member of Bee City USA, Orland is the "Queen Bee Capital of North America" owing to its robust local and regional queen bee production as part of the county's agricultural products. It is home of the Honeybee Discovery Center museum.  Annual events include the Queen Bee Festival in June and OktoBEEfest in October.
Sweeter Things: A Compilation
Sweeter Things: A Compilation is a 1991 compilation album by 54-40. It was their final release for Warner-Reprise, and compiled tracks from their albums 54-40, Show Me and Fight for Love. The title track from 1984's Set the Fire as well as two unreleased tracks, "Sweeter Things" and "Don Quixote", are also included.

The band subsequently moved to Columbia Records for its next studio project, 1992's Dear Dear.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
Bomoseen, Vermont
Bomoseen is an unincorporated village in the town of Castleton, Rutland County, Vermont, United States. The community is located along Vermont Route 30 on the eastern shore of Lake Bomoseen, 11.5 miles (18.5 km) west of Rutland. Bomoseen has a post office with ZIP code 05732. The town of Castleton incorporates the nearby Bomoseen Lake and also the Bomoseen State Park.

Rutland (city), Vermont
Rutland is the only city in and the seat of Rutland County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 15,807. It is located approximately 65 miles (105 km) north of the Massachusetts state line, 35 miles (56 km) west of New Hampshire state line, and 20 miles (32 km) east of the New York state line. Rutland is the third largest city in the state of Vermont after Burlington and South Burlington. Rutland City is completely surrounded by Rutland Town, which is a separate municipality. The downtown area of the city is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Peter the Painter
Peter the Painter (Latvian: Pēteris Krāsotājs), also known as Peter Piatkow (or Piatkov, Pjatkov, Piatkoff; Latvian: Pēteris Pjatkovs), was a member of a gang of immigrant Latvian anarchists in London in the early 20th century. After supposedly fighting in and escaping the siege of Sidney Street in 1911, he became an anti-hero in London's East End. He was never caught, and there is some question as to whether he had participated in the Sidney Street incident, or even whether he existed at all.

Anarchism in Latvia
Anarchism in Latvia emerged from the Latvian National Awakening and saw its apex during the 1905 Russian Revolution. Eventually the Latvian anarchist movement was suppressed by a series of authoritarian regimes in the country.
Foreign Service officer
A Foreign Service officer (FSO) is a commissioned member of the United States Foreign Service. FSOs formulate and implement the foreign policy of the United States. They spend most of their careers overseas as members of U.S. embassies, consulates, and other diplomatic missions, though some receive assignments to serve at combatant commands, Congress, and educational institutions such as the various U.S. service academies.

As of 2021, there were over 8,000 FSOs.

United States service academies
The United States service academies, also known as United States military academies, are federal academies for the undergraduate education and training of commissioned officers for the United States Armed Forces.

There are five U.S. service academies:

The United States Military Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York, founded in 1802

The United States Naval Academy (USNA) adjacent to Annapolis, Maryland, founded in 1845

The United States Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) in New London, Connecticut, founded in 1876

The United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) in Kings Point, New York, founded in 1943

The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) near Colorado Springs, Colorado, founded in 1954
Japanese language education in Vietnam
Japanese language education in Vietnam first became widespread during the Empire of Vietnam, which was set up as a puppet state after Japan's 1941 World War II invasion of French Indochina. However, after Japan's 1945 surrender and withdrawal from Vietnam, there was little further education in the language until the 1970s. A 2006 survey showed 1,037 teachers teaching 29,982 students at 110 different institutions, an increase of 66% in the number of students since the previous year's survey. As of 2024, according to the Japan Foundation, 164,495 people were learning Japanese in Vietnam.

Foreign Trade University
Foreign Trade University (FTU; Vietnamese: Trường Đại học Ngoại thương) is a public university established in 1960, located in Hanoi, Vietnam, with satellite campuses in Ho Chi Minh City and Quảng Ninh.

FTU is regarded as one of the most prestigious universities in Vietnam, offering a wide range of business courses - from economics, business administration, and finance to economic law and business languages. The annual admission to FTU is the most competitive in Vietnam and applicants are required to have very high test scores. The core major of the university is International Business Economics, which attracts the most elite students in the country.

FTU offers both undergraduate and graduate programs for both local and foreign students. These courses are taught in Vietnamese, English, Japanese, Chinese and French.
Kalifabougou
Kalifabougou  is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Kati in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali. The commune includes 12 villages and covers an area of 241 km2. In the 2009 census the population of the commune was 4,796. The village of Kalifabougou is 30 km northwest of Kati, the chef-lieu of the cercle.

Kalifabougou was the center of a Kafo, a vassal to Bamako, in the 18th and 19th centuries. The kafo-tigi was elected from among the local Konate family, but had to be approved in Bamako, and was obliged to send troops when war was declared.

Kati Cercle
Kati Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Koulikoro Region of Mali. Its seat is the town of Kati, which is also its largest town. It lies at the southwest corner of the region, and completely surrounds the Bamako Capital District. Until the capital was hived off in 1977, the combined Cercle was called Bamako Cercle, with the capital city as its seat.

Kati Cercle is home to primarily Bambara and Malinke farmers, as well as Bozo and Fula populations. The Kati area formed part of the pre-colonial Beledougou region of the Mali Empire, Bambara Empire, and was amongst the first places colonised by the French in the last decade of the 19th century.

The Cercle falls largely south of the dryer Sahel land, in the wetter Sudan. Through it runs the fertile valley of the Niger River, home to groundnut, cotton, and tobacco farms, as well as being a major transportation and fishing resource.