hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Washburn Tunnel
The Washburn Tunnel is a two-lane underwater motor-vehicle tunnel connecting Galena Park and Pasadena, two suburbs of Houston, Texas.  Completed in 1950, it travels north-south underneath the Houston Ship Channel. It was named after Harris County, Texas Auditor Harry L. Washburn. It is the largest and first toll-free vehicular tunnel in the Southern United States.

Galena Park, Texas
Galena Park is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 10,740 at the 2020 census. The population is predominantly Hispanic.
Rosanell Eaton
Rosanell Eaton (April 14, 1921 – December 8, 2018) was an American civil rights worker. She was born on a farm near Louisburg, North Carolina. When she was 21 years old, Eaton became one of the first African Americans to vote in her county after completing a literacy test. She registered more than 4,000 citizens to vote in North Carolina.

In August 2015, President Obama, in his response to the New York Times cover story on "Efforts over the last 50 years to dismantle the protections in the Voting Rights Act of 1965", wrote that he was inspired by people like Rosanell Eaton.

Literacy test
A literacy test assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write. Literacy tests have been administered by various governments, particularly to immigrants.

Between the 1850s and 1960s, literacy tests were used as an effective tool for disenfranchising African Americans in the Southern United States. Literacy tests were typically administered by white clerks who could pass or fail a person arbitrarily. Identical test answers were often marked correct for white applicants and incorrect for Black applicants. Illiterate whites were often permitted to vote without taking these literacy tests because of racial grandfather clauses written into legislation.

Other countries, notably Australia, as part of a so-called "White Australia policy", and South Africa adopted literacy tests either to exclude certain racial groups from voting or to prevent them from immigrating to the country.
2004 Western Cape provincial election
The 2004 Western Cape provincial election was held on 14 April 2004, concurrently with the 2004 South African general election, to elect the 3rd Western Cape Provincial Parliament. As of 2024, this election was the first and only time in which the African National Congress led the provincial government, as well as the most recent time that the ANC was the largest party in the Provincial Parliament.

Western Cape Provincial Parliament
The Western Cape Provincial Parliament (WCPP) is the legislature of the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is located at 7 Wale Street in Cape Town.

The Provincial Parliament, along with the other provincial legislatures of South Africa, exists by virtue of Chapter 6 of the Constitution of South Africa and Chapter 3 of the Constitution of the Western Cape. It is unicameral, and consists of 42 members elected by a system of party-list proportional representation.

The Western Cape is unique amongst the provinces of South Africa in calling its legislature the "Provincial Parliament" and the members Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). The other provinces use the terms "Provincial Legislature" and "Members of the Provincial Legislature".

The Seventh Provincial Parliament was elected on 29 May 2024 in South Africa's 2024 general elections. A majority of the members belong to the Democratic Alliance.
Kiladi Ranga
Kiladi Ranga (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1966 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by G. V. Iyer and produced by B. S. Ranga. The film stars Rajkumar, Jayanthi, M. P. Shankar and Narasimharaju. The film has musical score by G. K. Venkatesh. The movie is based on the novel The Prisoner of Zenda by Anthony Hope, which was also later adapted in Hindi as Prem Ratan Dhan Payo in 2015.

B. S. Ranga
Bindiganavile Srinivas Iyengar Ranga (11 November 1917 – 12 December 2010) was an Indian photographer, actor, producer and director who has made many landmark movies in Kannada, Telugu, and Tamil. He was also the owner of Vikram Studios. He has directed and produced about 87 films in these three languages with a maximum of 18 films in Kannada alone starring matinee idol Dr. Rajkumar.
Franki-Piaski
Franki-Piaski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈfraŋkʲi ˈpjaskʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobylin-Borzymy, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

Wysokie Mazowieckie County
Wysokie Mazowieckie County (Polish: powiat wysokomazowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wysokie Mazowieckie, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok. The only other towns in the county are Ciechanowiec, lying 27 km (17 mi) south of Wysokie, Szepietowo, 6 km (4 mi) south of Wysokie, and as from 1 January 2011 Czyżew.

The county covers an area of 1,288.49 square kilometres (497.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population was 57,051, out of which the population of Wysokie Mazowieckie was 9,415, that of Ciechanowiec 4,631, that of Czyżew 2,633, that of Szepietowo 2,170, and the rural population 38,202.
William Taylor (Archdeacon of Liverpool)
William Francis Taylor, DD (1820 – 19 March 1906) was an Archdeacon in the Diocese of Liverpool.

Taylor was educated at Trinity College, Dublin; and ordained in 1848.  After curacies in Tranmere and Claughton he served incumbencies; St John, Liverpool; St Silas, Liverpool;  St Chrysostom, Everton; and St Andrew, Toxteth Park. He was Chaplain to the Bishop of Liverpool, Rural Dean of Walton,  an Honorary Canon of Liverpool Cathedral Archdeacon of Warrington 1889-95 and finally Archdeacon of Liverpool from 1895 until his death.

He was the father of Austin Taylor, who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool East Toxteth from 1902 to 1910, Gerald Kyffin-Taylor, MP for Liverpool Kirkdale from 1910 to 1915, and judge William Kyffin-Taylor, 1st Baron Maenan.

Liverpool East Toxteth
Liverpool East Toxteth was a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
De Wervelwind
De Wervelwind (Eng: The Tornado) was a journal published in London and dropped by the Royal Air Force over the Netherlands during the Second World War. The final edition was larger and was handed out after the liberation of the Netherlands.

The first edition appeared on 1 April 1942 and it was produced monthly until December 1944. The final edition described how it was established on the initiative of the British. It was produced by a Council of editorial staff and a smaller work committee. The work committee was chaired by the English history professor, George Norman Clark. Also involved were Adriaan Pelt, a Dutch journalist, A. den Doolaard, journalist and writer, Professor Matthijs Bokhorst, a representative of the British government and later also a representative of the American Office of War Information. Members of the Dutch government in exile also took part in the Council of editorial staff.

United States Office of War Information
The United States Office of War Information (OWI) was a United States government agency created during World War II. The OWI operated from June 1942 until September 1945. Through radio broadcasts, newspapers, posters, photographs, films and other forms of media, the OWI was the connection between the battlefront and civilian communities. The office also established several overseas branches, which launched a large-scale information and propaganda campaign abroad. From 1942 to 1945, the OWI reviewed film scripts, flagging material which portrayed the United States in a negative light, including anti-war sentiment.
Königsberg marzipan
Königsberg marzipan is a type of marzipan traditionally produced in the former German city of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia). Königsberg's first marzipan production was established by the Pomatti brothers in 1809, who became confectioners of the Royal Prussian Court. They were joined by Sterkau, Petschliess, Liedtke, Siegel, Steiner, Gehlhaar (today Wiesbaden), Plouda in Kneiphof, as well as Wald in Berlin and Schwermer in Bad Wörishofen.  Königsberg marzipan is known for its flamed surface, which results in a golden-brown finish. It contains rose water and is often filled with jam. These characteristics distinguish it from the more common Lübeck Marzipan, which also frequently comes in more elaborate forms.

Kneiphof
Kneiphof (Russian: Кнайпхоф; Polish: Knipawa; Lithuanian: Knypava) was a quarter of central Königsberg (Kaliningrad). During the Middle Ages it was one of the three towns that composed the city of Königsberg, the others being Altstadt and Löbenicht. The town was located on a 10-hectare (25-acre) island of the same name in the Pregel River and included Königsberg Cathedral and the original campus of the University of Königsberg. Its territory is now part of the Moskovsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia.
Rubroshorea hemsleyana
Shorea hemsleyana is a species of flowering plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree native to Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Peninsular Thailand. It grows in lowland mixed dipterocarp rain forests up to 600 metres elevation on clay and peat soils.

The species was first described as Balanocarpus hemsleyanus by George King in 1893. In 2022 Peter Shaw Ashton and Jacqueline Heckenhauer placed the species in genus Rubroshorea as R. hemsleyanus.

Peter Shaw Ashton
Peter Shaw Ashton (born 27 June 1934) is a British botanist and forest ecologist. He worked as the Charles Bullard Professor of Forestry at Harvard University from 1991 to 2005 and served as director of the Arnold Arboretum from 1978 to 1987.
Clayton Tune
Clayton Tune (born March 23, 1999) is an American professional football quarterback. He played college football for the Houston Cougars and was selected by the Arizona Cardinals in the fifth round of the 2023 NFL draft.

Houston Cougars football
The Houston Cougars football program is an NCAA Division I FBS football team that represents the University of Houston. The team is commonly referred to as "Houston" or "U of H". The UH football program is a member of the Big 12 Conference. Since the 2014 season, the Cougars have played their home games on campus at TDECU Stadium, which was built on the site formerly occupied by Robertson Stadium, where they played home games from 1941 to 1950 and from 1994 to 2012. Over the history of the program, the Cougars have won 11 conference championships and have had several players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame, including a Heisman Trophy winner.
Escuela Japonesa de San José
Escuela Japonesa de San José (サンホセ日本人学校, Sanhose Nihonjin Gakkō) is a Japanese international school in San Vicente, Moravia, San José Province, Costa Rica, in the Greater Metropolitan Area. It is affiliated with the Japanese Embassy in Costa Rica (Japanese: コスタリカ日本国大使館; Spanish: Embajada del Japón en Costa Rica). It is located in Residencial Los Colegios.

In 2003 it had a total of 26 students. The school has a longer school day than schools in the United States and Costa Rica.

Greater Metropolitan Area (Costa Rica)
The  Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (Spanish: Gran Área Metropolitana, GAM) is the largest urban agglomeration in the country, comprising areas of high population density surrounding the capital, San José, which geographically corresponds to the Central Valley and extended to include the Guarco Valley, where some of the cantons of the Cartago province are located.

The proper definition and delimitation corresponds to the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica (INEC) and could vary over time. According to the 2011 census, the GAM had a population of 3.1 million inhabitants (about 60% of Costa Rica's population) in an area of 2,044 km² (3.84% of the country's area).
Wortham Independent School District
Wortham Independent School District is a public school district based in Wortham, Texas (USA).

In addition to Wortham, the district serves students in the town of Kirvin and rural areas of western Freestone County. The district extends into southern Navarro County and a small portion of northern Limestone County.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Navarro County, Texas
Navarro County (/nəˈværoʊ/ nə-VARR-oh) is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,624. Its county seat is Corsicana. The county is named for José Antonio Navarro, a Tejano leader in the Texas Revolution who signed the Texas Declaration of Independence.

Navarro County comprises the Corsicana micropolitan statistical area, which is also part of the Dallas-Fort Worth, TX combined statistical area.
Kamran Mirza
Kamran Mirza (Persian: کامران میرزا; c. 1509 – 16/18 October 1557) was the second son of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal Emperor. Kamran Mirza was born in Kabul to Babur's wife Gulrukh Begum. He was half-brother to Babur's eldest son Humayun, who would go on and inherit the Mughal throne, but he was full-brother to Babur's third son, Askari. A divan written in Persian and Chagatai is attributed to him.

Diwan (poetry)
A diwan (from Persian دیوان divân [d̪iːˈvɒːn]; Arabic pronunciation: [diːˈwaːn]) is a collection of poems by a single author – usually excluding the poet's long poems – in Islamic cultures of West Asia, Central Asia, North Africa, Sicily and South Asia.

The vast majority of Diwan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals (or gazels, which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition) or kasîdes. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mesnevî—a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form are the Layla and Majnun (ليلى و مجنون) of Fuzûlî and the Hüsn ü Aşk (حسن و عشق – 'Beauty and Love') of Şeyh Gâlib.

Originating in Persian literature, the idea spread to the Arab, Turkic and Indic worlds, and the term was sometimes used in Europe, albeit not always in the same way.
Rodney Dethridge
Frank Rodney Dethridge (born 13 September 1961) is a former English cricketer.  Dethridge was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Pembury, Kent.

Dethridge made his debut for Bedfordshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship against Hertfordshire.  Dethridge played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire until 1983, which included 11 Minor Counties Championship matches.  He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy.  In this match, he scored 31 runs before being run out.  With the ball, he claimed a single wicket, that of Vic Marks, for the cost of 21 runs from 7 overs.  His performance in this match earned him the man-of-the-match award.

Dethridge also played for Durham University, where he took a degree in Zoology followed by a teaching certificate. He was part of the Kent Second XI (1982) in the Second XI Championship and later represented Berkshire (1985) and Free Foresters (1994–1998).

Pembury
Pembury is a large village in Kent, in the south east of England, with a population of 6,128 at the 2011 census. It lies just to the north-east of Royal Tunbridge Wells.

The village centre, including the village green and High Street area is a conservation area.
Psychedelic Country Soul
Psychedelic Country Soul is the fourth studio album by American band the Long Ryders, released on February 15, 2019, through Omnivore Recordings in the US and Cherry Red Records in the UK. It is the band's first album in 32 years with Two-Fisted Tales their last release in 1987.

The first single from the album, "Greenville" was released on January 8, 2019. Two further singles, "Molly Somebody" and "Walls", were released in March and September 2019, respectively.

Cherry Red Records
Cherry Red Records is a British independent record label founded in Malvern, Worcestershire by Iain McNay in 1978. The label has released recordings by Dead Kennedys, Everything but the Girl, The Monochrome Set, and Felt, among others, as well as the compilation album Pillows & Prayers. In addition to releasing new music, Cherry Red also acts as an umbrella for individual imprints and catalogue specialists.

Cherry Red was listed by Music Week as one of the UK's top ten record companies in Q1 2015 for sales of artist albums.
Juha Jyrkkiö
Juha Jyrkkiö (born January 17, 1959) is a Finnish retired professional ice hockey player who played in the SM-liiga. Born in Forssa, he played for FoPS, Jokerit, Ässät and HPK during his 18-year career. At the age of 16, he became the youngest scorer in league history, a record he held for 37 years until Aleksander Barkov Jr. broke it in 2011.

Internationally, he represented his nation at two European Junior Championships (1976, 1977) as well as three World Junior Championships (1977, 1978, 1979). He finished as the fourth-leading scorer at the 1977 World Juniors.

After his playing career, he became a coach. He spent one season in charge of the Ässät under-16 team, leading them to a Junior C championship. He then moved up to the under-20 squad in 2006, where he got to coach his son, Jesse Jyrkkiö. He later coached the Finland national under-16 team.

HPK
Hämeenlinnan Pallokerho (HPK) is a professional ice hockey team in the Liiga, the top men's ice hockey league in Finland. Their home ice is the Ritari-areena in Hämeenlinna. HPK was established in 1929. The parent club of the team is HPK Edustusjääkiekko ry and the team is sometimes promoted as the "Hockey Playing Knights," with a logo representing a knight's helmet. HPK won their first SM-liiga championship in 2006 and the second in 2019.
WinPT
WinPT or Windows Privacy Tray is frontend to the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG) for the Windows platform. Released under GPL, it is compatible with OpenPGP compliant software.

WinPT represents a collection of user interface tools designed to ease the use of asymmetric encryption software. Based on GnuPG, and OpenPGP-compatible, WinPT is intended for Windows users to use for everyday message signing, verification, encryption and general key management.

If installation defaults are used, WinPT will then reside in the task bar tray, and on the right-click menu within Windows Explorer. A Start menu item includes launchers for a GPG commandline (console), WinPT tray, and documentation.

As of January 15, 2013, latest version (1.5.3 Beta) is only compatible with GnuPG 1.4.x and not with the most recent version 2.0.x.

WinPT is included in the GnuPT installer (that includes the latest version of GnuPG 1.4.x, WinPT 1.4.3 stable and WinPT latest beta.)

Front end and back end
In software development, front end refers to the presentation layer that users interact with, while back end refers to the data management and processing behind the scenes. "Full stack" refers to both together. In the client–server model, the client is usually considered the front end, handling most user-facing tasks, and the server is the back end, mainly managing data and logic.
Dark Millennium (United Arab Emirates)
The Dark Millennium in the United Arab Emirates refers to the period between 4000 BCE and 3200 BCE, which sits between its Bifacial Neolithic era and the emergence of the Bronze Age Hafit period.

Its name is derived from the abandonment of the west coast of Southeastern Arabia at the time due to harsh aridity and desertification, a period in which the archaeological record of human habitation and activity to the west of the Hajar Mountains goes notably 'dark'.

Hajar Mountains
The Hajar Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال ٱلْحَجَر, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains or The Stone Mountains) are one of the highest mountain ranges in the Arabian Peninsula, shared between northern Oman and eastern United Arab Emirates. Also known as "Oman Mountains", they separate the low coastal plain of Oman from the high desert plateau, and lie 50–100 km (31–62 miles) inland from the Gulf of Oman.
Al-Sallami
Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Aḥmad al-Bayhaqī al-Sallāmī was a historian of the Sāmānid Empire who lived in the mid-10th century.

Ibn Funduq records that al-Sallāmī studied under Ibrahīm ibn Muḥammad al-Bayhaqī. According to al-Thaʿālibī, he served the Muḥtājid emirs Abū Bakr Muḥammad (d. 939) and Abū ʿAlī Čaghānī (r. 939–955).

Al-Sallāmī wrote an Arabic history of the governors of Khorasan, Kitāb wulāt Khurāsān, which is now lost. It is known only from citations in the works of others, primarily Gardīzī and Ibn al-Athīr, both of whom cite him for the death of Abū ʿAlī Čaghānī and nothing later than that. In some cases, Gardīzī quotes him outright. He appears to have shaped a narrative favourable to the Muḥtājids. The Kitāb wulāt Khurāsān is also cited in Yāqūt's Irshād, Ibn Mākūlā's Kitāb al-Ikmāl and Ibn Khallikān. Juwaynī in the 13th century is the latest author to cite it.

According to Yāqūt, al-Sallāmī also wrote a Kitāb al-wuzarā ('Book of the Viziers').

Ibn Khallikan
Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin Ibrāhīm bin Abū Bakr ibn Khallikān (Arabic: أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن أبي بكر ابن خلكان; 22 September 1211 – 30 October 1282), better known as Ibn Khallikān, was a renowned Islamic historian who compiled the celebrated biographical encyclopedia of Muslim scholars and important men in Muslim history, Deaths of Eminent Men and the Sons of the Epoch (Arabic: وفيات الأعيان وأنباء أبناء الزمان, romanized: wafayāt al-ʾaʿyān wa-ʾanbāʾ ʾabnāʾ al-zamān). Due to this achievement, he is regarded as the most eminent writer of biographies in Islamic history.
2022 Corrientes Challenger
The 2022 Corrientes Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Corrientes, Argentina between 13 and 19 June 2022.

Corrientes
Corrientes (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes] ⓘ; Guaraní: Taragui, literally: "Currents") is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, Argentina, on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, about 1,000 km (621 mi) from Buenos Aires and 300 km (186 mi) from Posadas, on National Route 12. It has a population of 346,334 according to the 2010 Census. It lies opposite its twin city, Resistencia, Chaco.

Corrientes has a mix of colonial and modern architecture, several churches and a number of lapacho, ceibo, jacaranda and orange trees. It is also home to one of Argentina's biggest carnival and chamamé celebrations.

The annual average temperature is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F). The annual rainfall is around 1,500 millimetres (59 in).
Saint Kitts and Nevis at the Commonwealth Games
Saint Kitts and Nevis have participated in eight Commonwealth Games. Their first appearance came in 1978 as part of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, but they did not appear again until 1990. They have won a single medal, gold in the 2002 100 metres from Kim Collins.

Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (or Saint Christopher, Nevis, and Anguilla) was a British colony in the West Indies from 1882 to 1983, consisting of the islands of Anguilla (until 1980), Nevis, and Saint Christopher (or Saint Kitts). From 1882 to 1951, and again from 1980, the colony was known simply as Saint Christopher and Nevis. Saint Christopher and Nevis gained independence in 1983 as the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, while Anguilla remains a British overseas territory.