hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Death and the Maiden (motif)
Death and the Maiden (Der Tod und das Mädchen in German) was a common motif in Renaissance art, especially in German painting and printmaking. The usual form shows just two figures, with a young woman being seized by a personification of Death, often shown as a skeleton. Variants may include other figures. It developed from the Danse Macabre with an added erotic subtext. The German artist Hans Baldung depicted it several times.

The motif was revived during the romantic era in the arts, a notable example being Franz Schubert's song "Der Tod und das Mädchen", setting a poem by the German poet Matthias Claudius. Part of the piano part was re-used in Schubert's famous String Quartet No. 14, which is therefore also known by this title, in either English or German.

Death and the Maiden (Schiele)
Death and the Maiden is an oil on canvas painting by the Austrian painter Egon Schiele from 1915. It is exhibited in the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, in Vienna. Schiele initially named the large picture measuring 150 by 180 centimeters as Man and Girl and also Entwined People.
Ponhofi senior secondary school
Ponhofi Senior Secondary School is a government educational institutions located in Helao Nafidi Town Council, in the Ohangwena region of Namibia. Established in 1976. Dateline (1988) reported that between 1987and 1988 more than a dozen schools were destroyed by arson fire or bomb blast that were widely attributed to the army of ritaliation for student's anti -occupation campaign. Some students at Ponhofi senior secondary school were killed and severely wounded after soldiers opened fire at their rooms/hostels in retaliation for attacks by the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) combatants.

Revenge
Revenge is defined as committing a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived. Vengeful forms of justice, such as primitive justice or retributive justice, are often differentiated from more formal and refined forms of justice such as distributive justice or restorative justice.
Habib ur Rahman (politician)
Habib ur Rahman (Urdu: حبيب الرحمان) was a Pakistani politician hailing from Kalpani, Gagra, District Buner who served as minister of Zakat & Usher, Auqaf, Hajj & Religious Affairs in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly from 2013 to 2018.

Rahman died from COVID-19 in 2021.

Gagra, Pakistan
Gagra is an administrative unit, known as tehsil of Buner District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Buner has 6 Tehsils i.e. Daggar, Chagharzai, Chamla, Totalai, Gagra, Gadezai. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 27 union councils in Buner District.
Triturus macedonicus
Triturus macedonicus, the Macedonian crested newt, is a newt species of the crested newt species complex in genus Triturus, found in the Western Balkan peninsula (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, North Macedonia, north-western Greece and south-western Bulgaria).

To the North, its range borders that of the Danube crested newt and the Northern crested newt and to the East, that of the Balkan crested newt.

It was first described as a variety of Triturus karelinii, later considered a subspecies of Triturus carnifex, and was elevated to species rank following molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2007.

Triturus arntzeni was considered a synonym of T. macedonicus, but this name applies in fact to a hybrid between this species and the Balkan-Anatolian crested newt (T. ivanbureschi), and thus is a synonym of both species.

Newt
A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aquatic salamanders are considered newts, however. More than 100 known species of newts are found in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia. Newts metamorphose through three distinct developmental life stages: aquatic larva, terrestrial juvenile (eft), and adult. Adult newts have lizard-like bodies and return to the water every year to breed, otherwise living in humid, cover-rich land habitats.

Newts are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and pollution. Several species are endangered, and at least one species, the Yunnan lake newt, has been considered extinct since 1979.
Ludwig Hujer
Ludwig Hujer (July 20, 1872, Jizerka (Klein Iser/Wihelmshöhe) Czech Republic -  October 25, 1968, Vienna (Austria) was an Austrian sculptor and medalist.
Ludwig Hujer graduated K.K. Kunstgewerbliche Fachschule Gablonz ( Imperial and Royal art and crafts technical school in Jablonec nad Nisou). Studied in Vienna with professors Karl Ludwig August Kühne and Stefan Schwartz. On his study trips, he gets acquainted with the works of French medalists: Jules-Clément Chaplain, Félix Charpentier, René Jules Lalique, Ernest Paulin Tasset.

He worked in the workshops of the Wyon dynasty of London medalists, members of which were chief engravers of the seals at the royal court. He is best known for his bas-reliefs and medallions.On October 17, 1962, he was made an honorary member of the Künstlerhaus.

Medallion (architecture)
A medallion is a round or oval ornament that frames a sculptural or pictorial decoration in any context, but typically a façade, an interior, a monument, or a piece of furniture or equipment.

Ancient Roman round versions are called an imago clipeata, from the clipeus or Roman round shield.

This was a popular form of decoration in neoclassical architecture. The frame and portrait were carved as one, in marble for interiors, and in stone for exterior walls.

It is also the name of a scene that is inset into a larger stained glass window.

Ceiling medallions, also called ceiling roses or ceiling ornaments, were often made of cast plaster and were sometimes the site of hanging lamp or chandelier.
Taras Hrebenyuk
Taras Oleksandrovych Hrebenyuk (Ukrainian: Тарас Олександрович Гребенюк; born 23 August 1971) is a Ukrainian retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. In 2004 he became a goalkeeping coach. Since 2007, he has served as the goalkeeping coach at Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih. In 2020 he took a short caretaking role at FC Lviv.

FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (Ukrainian: Футбольний Клуб Кривбас Кривий Ріг) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kryvyi Rih.

Until 2013 the club participated in professional competitions. In June 2013 the club went bankrupt and was expelled from the Ukrainian Premier League. There was a failed attempt to revive the club in 2014, until finally the club was reestablished again in 2015. In 2020, it was restructured as Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih based on Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih (founded in 1925), which took on the Football Club Kryvbas's brand. Many people consider the original Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (founded in	1959) and the Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih of 2020 as one and the same club.
HMCS Chambly
HMCS Chambly was a Flower-class corvette serving in the Royal Canadian Navy.  She was ordered from Canadian Vickers Ltd. in Montreal, laid down on 20 February 1940, launched on 29 July, and commissioned on 18 December 1940, named after the city of Chambly, Quebec.  Chambly escorted trade convoys between Halifax Harbour and the Western Approaches through the battle of the Atlantic and, together with HMCS Moose Jaw, achieved the RCN's first U-boat kill of the war.

Canadian Vickers
Canadian Vickers Limited was an aircraft and shipbuilding company that operated in Canada from 1911 until 1944. A subsidiary of Vickers Limited, it built its own aircraft designs as well as others under licence. Canadair absorbed the Canadian Vickers aircraft operations in November 1944.
Coleophora ditella
Coleophora ditella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Germany to the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and Bulgaria.

The larvae feed on Achillea millefolium, Artemisia alba, Artemisia campestris, Artemisia maritima, Artemisia vulgaris, Aster linosyris, Helichrysum and Tanacetum cinerariifolium. Larvae can be found from September to June.

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris, commonly known as mugwort, common mugwort, or wormwood, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is one of several species in the genus Artemisia commonly known as mugwort, although Artemisia vulgaris is the species most often called mugwort.  Mugworts have been used medicinally and as culinary herbs.
Shanghai Bus Route 55
Route 55 is a bus route in Shanghai, China. Operated by Shanghai Ba-Shi No.1 Public Transportation Co. Ltd, a subsidiary of Jiushi Group, it runs between Nanpu Bridge and Xinjiangwancheng Estate (Shijie Road), via The Bund and Siping Road. Route 55 originally started operations on 15 June 1952, with a special line designated route ZX55 and later renumbered 910 introduced in the 1990s. On 25 March 2012, the two routes were merged together, with the original route 55 cancelled and route 910 renumbered as 55. It was designated as a trunk bus route along Siping Road in 2017.

Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 10 is a southwest–northeast line of the Shanghai Metro network that opened for service on April 10, 2010. The line runs from Jilong Road to Hongqiao Railway Station, with a branch line from Longxi Road to Hangzhong Road. It has been given the unofficial nickname “Golden Line” as it links many of the city's tourist attractions like Yuyuan and Xintiandi. It connects the Hongqiao International Airport with the downtown core of Shanghai, and also the dense residential districts of Yangpu and Hongkou. It is the only line in the system with numbered station codes. It is the first high-density and high-volume fully automatic subway line in mainland China, operating with GoA4 unattended train operation. The line is colored lilac on system maps.
Knife in the Head
Knife in the Head (German: Messer im Kopf) is a 1978 West German drama film directed by Reinhard Hauff and starring Bruno Ganz. The film follows the recovery of a man shot in the head by the police during the raid of a left-wing social centre. It won awards in Paris and Berlin.

Irmin Schmidt composed the entirety of the film's soundtrack, aided by Alex Wiska who played bağlama.

Bağlama
The bağlama or saz is a family of plucked string instruments and long-necked lutes used in Asia, Central-Asia, Caucasus, Anatolia, Levant, Thrace, Balkans and Europe. It is commonly used in Iranian, Armenian, Azerbaijani and Turkish Folk Music. It is a common instrument among Turkic people and a notable instrument of traditional folk artists like ashiks and ozans. It is both used as a solo instrument to play songs and to accompany türkü, traditional folk songs.
Luis Felipe Rodríguez Bolívar
Luis Felipe Rodríguez Bolívar is a Venezuelan paralympic athlete. He competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the athletics competition, winning the silver medal in the Men's 400 metres T20 class, finishing in a time of 47.71.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's 400 metres T20
The men's 400 metres T20 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, took place between 30 and 31 August 2021.

The T20 category is for athletes with intellectual impairment. T20 athletes have an IQ score of 75 or less.
Mahmoud Alizadeh-Tabatabaei
Seyyed Mahmoud Alizadeh-Tabatabaei (Persian: سید محمود علیزاده طباطبایی) is an Iranian lawyer. According to the New York Times, he is "one of the most influential" and "well connected" lawyers to highest leaders in Iran. He was a member of City Council of Tehran from 1999 to 2003.

He is well known as one of the attorneies for the Hashemi Rafsanjani family. Alizadeh-Tabatabaei has also represented Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Zahra Rahnavard, Amir Hekmati, Saeed Malekpour, Ghoncheh Ghavami and Mohammad Ali Taheri among others.

Saeed Malekpour
Saeed Malekpour (Persian: سعید ملک‌پور; born May 1975) is an Iranian web designer. He was sentenced to death in Iran for allegedly designing and moderating pornographic websites. Malekpour developed an Internet photo-sharing tool that his supporters assert was used without his knowledge for pornographic purposes.  Prior to his arrest in Iran in 2008, Malekpour had been living and working in Canada as a permanent resident. The Canadian government and Amnesty International have called for his immediate release.

In December 2012, Malekpour's lawyer announced that the death sentence had been suspended because Malekpour had repented for his behavior.

On 3 August 2019, Malekpour returned to Canada after escaping Iran through an unknown third country.
Ethel Alpenfels
Ethel Josephine Alpenfels (1907–1981) was an American anthropologist who served as professor of anthropology at New York University.

Born to a German baron, Alpenfels graduated from the University of Washington and received her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. In her studies as part of the Bureau for Intercultural Education in 1944, she went to high schools in Chicago and educated students on differences and cultures, explaining that people considered "simple" have complex cultures.

In 1946 she authored a short book entitled Sense and Nonsense About Race for young people attempting to dispel myths about racial differences and racial superiority. This book remained in print through 1967. She was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.

Alpha Kappa Alpha
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (ΑΚΑ) is a historically African-American sorority. The sorority was founded in 1908 at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Alpha Kappa Alpha was incorporated in 1913. It is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), a group of historically Black fraternities and sororities often called the Divine Nine.

In 2025, Alpha Kappa Alpha had more than 365,000 members in 1,085 chapters in the United States and eleven other countries. Women may join through undergraduate chapters at a college or university, or graduate chapters after acquiring an undergraduate or advanced college degree.
Tourism in Iraq
Tourism in Iraq refers to tourism in the Western Asian country of Iraq. Iraq was one of the main destinations for many years, however this changed dramatically due to conflicts. Tourism in Iraq has faced many challenges, however, in recent years there have been improvements. The capital city Baghdad is the second largest city in the Arab world and the 4th largest in the Middle East. Iraq has several World Heritage Sites, dating back to ancient Mesopotamia, most notably Babylon Iraq. Iraq is considered to be a potential location for ecotourism.

Erbil was chosen as the "Arab Tourism Capital" for 2014 by the Arab Tourism Committee. Then, Baghdad was chosen as Arab Tourism Capital for 2025. Recent initiatives include the development of Ur Tourist City adjacent to the 4th-millennium BC city of Ur, designed as a religious and heritage tourism centre for the Sumerian archaeological site.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
Alive (1993 film)
Alive is a 1993 American survival drama film directed by Frank Marshall, and based on Piers Paul Read's 1974 book Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors. It is the second feature film about the Uruguayan rugby team whose plane crashed in the Andes mountains in 1972. Filmed in the Purcell Mountains in British Columbia, the film was written by John Patrick Shanley,  narrated by John Malkovich,  and stars Ethan Hawke, Josh Hamilton, Vincent Spano, Bruce Ramsay, John Haymes Newton, Illeana Douglas, and Danny Nucci. One of the survivors, Nando Parrado (portrayed by Hawke in the film), served as the technical advisor for the film.

Alive was released on January 15, 1993 by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution through the Touchstone Pictures label in the United States and Canada and by Paramount Pictures through United International Pictures in international markets. The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics and grossed $82.5 million on a $32 million budget.

John Patrick Shanley
John Patrick Shanley (born October 13, 1950)  is an American playwright, theater director, and filmmaker. He won the 1987 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film Moonstruck. His play, Doubt: A Parable, won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the 2005 Tony Award for Best Play; he wrote and directed the film adaptation, earning a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
Chalky teeth
Chalky teeth is a colloquial term for teeth with abnormal appearance or structure. It typically describes tooth enamel with unusual color, texture, or shape (morphology). Resembling blackboard chalk, "chalky enamel" appears discolored, opaque, soft, porous, and prone to degradation or staining, unlike normal enamel, which is translucent, hard, and impermeable. The term, including variants like "chalky molars" or "chalky enamel", often serves as a metaphor for teeth with a higher risk of tooth decay. The public "Chalky Teeth Campaign" emphasized the socioeconomic burden of this dental issue and the need for research into prevention. The gritty sensation from oxalate-rich foods, such as spinach, may also be called "chalky teeth".

Oxalate
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula C2O2−4. This dianion is colorless. It occurs naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for example sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), and several esters such as dimethyl oxalate ((CH3)2C2O4). It is a conjugate base of oxalic acid. At neutral pH in aqueous solution, oxalic acid converts completely to oxalate.
The Toy Seller
The Toy Seller is an oil painting by the Irish artist William Mulready, from 1835. The original is held at the Victoria and Albert Museum, in London

It depicts a travelling toy salesman, trying to persuade a mother to buy from him, despite the child's obvious reluctance. The original painting shows him holding a toy bird, while the later version appears to show a rattle. It shows a scene in rural England, with the salesman as a black man.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1836 at Somerset House in London. It was donated to the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1857 as part of the Sheepshanks Gift.

Later in his carer Mulready worked on a much larger version of the painting on canvas. This was  acquired by the National Gallery of Ireland in 1891.

William Mulready
William Mulready RA (1 April 1786 – 7 July 1863) was an Irish genre painter living in London. He is best known for his romanticising depictions of rural scenes, and for creating Mulready stationery letter sheets, issued at the same time as the Penny Black postage stamp.
1797 Massachusetts's 11th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Massachusetts's 11th congressional district on August 4, 1797, to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Theophilus Bradbury (F) upon his appointment to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on July 24, 1797.

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
42°21′33″N 71°03′39″W﻿ / ﻿42.359297°N 71.060954°W﻿ / 42.359297; -71.060954

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Although the claim is disputed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the SJC claims the distinction of being the oldest continuously functioning appellate court in the Americas, with a recognized history dating to the establishment of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature in 1692 under the charter of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

Although it was historically composed of four associate justices and one chief justice, the court is currently composed of six associate justices and one chief justice. Like the State of Maine, Massachusetts prefixes the name of its highest court with 'Judicial' to avoid confusion with the Massachusetts General Court, the state's legislature.
Sawyer and Keeler-Wolf classification system
The Sawyer and Keeler-Wolf classification system is an evolving system of classification of vegetation types, plant communities, or floristic characterization.: 114, 138–9  It was first developed in 1995 by John O. Sawyer and Todd Keeler-Wolf for the California Native Plant Society, in the mission to classify all vegetation in California.: 114  Particular attention was paid to recognizing rare types that were "lumped" into general categories in previous systems, such as the Munz and Keck classification system, Chetham and Haller classification system, and Holland classification system.: 114  It uses constantly updated quantitative measurements of both species diversity and cover to define its types.: 114  It intended to be evolving and to continue to be refined.: 114

California Native Plant Society
The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) is a California environmental non-profit organization (501(c)(3)) that seeks to increase understanding of California's native flora and to preserve it for future generations. The mission of CNPS is to conserve California native plants and their natural habitats, and increase understanding, appreciation, and horticultural use of native plants throughout the entire state and the California Floristic Province.
Francisco Serrão
Francisco Serrão  (died 1521) was a Portuguese explorer and a possible cousin of Ferdinand Magellan. His 1512 voyage was the first known European sailing east past Malacca through modern Indonesia and the East Indies. He became a confidant of Sultan Bayan Sirrullah, the ruler of Ternate, becoming his personal advisor. He remained in Ternate where he died around the same time Magellan died.

Nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed, or the ground spice derived from the seed, of several tree species of the genus Myristica; fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg (M. fragrans) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of nutmeg essential oil and nutmeg butter. The Banda Islands, in Maluku, Indonesia, are the main producer of nutmeg and mace, and the true nutmeg tree is native to the islands.

Nutmeg and mace, commonly used as food spices, have been traditionally employed for their psychoactive and aphrodisiac effects, though clinical evidence is lacking. High doses can cause serious toxic effects including acute psychosis, with risks heightened during pregnancy and with psychiatric conditions.

Conifers of the genus Torreya, commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans, and are not used as a spice.
Dja Faunal Reserve
Dja Faunal Reserve (French: Réserve de faune du Dja, Réserve de Biosphère Dja), located in southeastern Cameroon, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site inscribed in 1987. Causes of inscription include diversity of species present in the park, the presence of five threatened species of mammal, and lack of disturbance within the park. It is managed by Dja Conservation Services (DCS), which is led by a conservator. The Reserve receives significant support for its management from many projects funded by international partners and supporters of conservation in Cameroon.

Baka people (Cameroon and Gabon)
The Baka people, known in the Congo as Bayaka (Bebayaka, Bebayaga, Bibaya), are an ethnic group inhabiting the southeastern rain forests of Cameroon, northern Republic of the Congo, northern Gabon, and southwestern Central African Republic. They are sometimes called a subgroup of the Twa, but the two peoples are not closely related. Likewise, the name "Baka" is sometimes mistakenly applied to other peoples of the area who, like the Baka and Twa, have been historically called pygmies, a term that is now considered derogatory.