hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niigata Prefectural Botanical Garden
The Niigata Prefectural Botanical Garden (新潟県立植物園, Niigata Kenritsu Shokubutsuen) is a 19.8 hectares (49 acres) botanical garden and arboretum located at 186 Kanazu, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan. It is open daily except Mondays; an admission fee is charged.

The garden contains a collection of cherry trees, including Prunus x yedoensis, Prunus jamasakura, Prunus subhirtella Miq., and Prunus lannesiana; a conifer arboretum containing some 300 varieties from Europe and North America; another small arboretum, primarily cherry trees and conifers, given by the prefecture's towns and cities; and a collection of aromatic herbs (about 150 species).

The garden also contains substantial greenhouses including a large dome (30 meters tall, 42 meters in diameter), with about 550 species total in arid, aquatic, and tropical zones.

Prunus × subhirtella
Prunus × subhirtella, the winter-flowering cherry, spring cherry, or rosebud cherry, is the scientific name for the hybrid between Prunus itosakura (edohigan) and Prunus incisa (Mamezakura). It is a small deciduous flowering tree originating in Japan, but unknown in the wild.
Osman Nuri Pasha
Osman Nuri Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان نوری پاشا‎; 1832, Tokat, Ottoman Empire – 4 to 5 April 1900, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire), also known as Gazi Osman Pasha (Turkish: Gazi Osman Paşa), was an Ottoman Turkish field marshal. Being one of the most respected and decorated Ottoman pashas of all time, many songs have been written for him, and many places named after him. This is mainly because he held the Bulgarian town of Plevna for five months against superior Russo-Romanian forces in 1877 during the Russo-Turkish War, though the city eventually fell.

Nikopol, Bulgaria
Nikopol (Bulgarian: Никопол [niˈkɔpoɫ]; historically Greek: Νικόπολις, Nikópolis, Latin: Nicopolis, Turkish: Niğbolu) is a town in northern Bulgaria, the administrative center of Nikopol Municipality, part of Pleven Province, on the right bank of the Danube river, 4 kilometres (2 miles) downstream from the Danube’s confluence with the Osam river. It spreads at the foot of steep chalk cliffs along the Danube and up a narrow valley.
High Risk (1995 film)
High Risk (released under the alternative title Meltdown in the United States and Super Bodyguard in the Philippines) is a 1995 Hong Kong action comedy film written, produced and directed by Wong Jing and starring Jet Li, Jacky Cheung, Chingmy Yau, Charlie Yeung and Yang Chung-hsien. Corey Yuen serves as the film's fight choreographer.

The film is a parody of some of Hollywood's most influential action films, such as Die Hard and Speed.

Wong Jing
Wong Yat-cheong, known professionally as Wong Jing (Chinese: 王晶, born 3 May 1955), is a Hong Kong filmmaker and actor. A prolific filmmaker with strong instincts for crowd-pleasing and publicity, he played a prominent role in Hong Kong cinema  during the 1990s.
Aspegren
Aspegren is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Aspegren (1844–1912), Finnish stage actor

Aurora Aspegren (1844–1911), Finnish stage actress, wife of August

Felipe Aspegren (born 1994), Finnish football player

Lennart Aspegren (born 1931), Swedish judge

Lennart Aspegren
Lennart Aspegren (born 1931) was a Swedish judge who served on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). He was one of three judges who ruled that rape fell within the legal definition of genocide and crimes against humanity in the case The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu involving Jean-Paul Akayesu. Akeyesu was the first genocide trial in history: "Not even Eichmann in Israel, who was accused of having committed crimes against humanity, was charged with genocide". While serving on the Tribunal he worked with Navi Pillay who later became the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. In 2011, Aspegren accepted a position with the UN Expert Committee for Gaza; together with American judge Mary Davis, Aspergen prepared a report colloquially called the "Davis/Aspegren Report". It was presented by the UN Human Rights Council’s Committee in 2011; the United States and Israel voted against it.
1778 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1778 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on March 31, 1778. The delegate to the Continental Congress from Delaware Caesar Rodney was elected president of Delaware for a term of three years.

The previous president John McKinly was captured by the British Army in September 1777, less than a year into his three-year term. In succession, the speaker of the Assembly Thomas McKean and the president of the Council George Read acted as president pending the election of McKinly's successor.

The election was conducted by the Delaware General Assembly. Rodney was elected with a majority on the first ballot.

John McKinly
John McKinly (February 24, 1721 – August 31, 1796) was an American physician and politician from Wilmington, Delaware. He was a veteran of the French and Indian War, served in the Delaware General Assembly, was the first elected president of Delaware, and for a time was a member of the Federalist Party.
Noritsugu Oda
Noritsugu Oda (織田憲嗣, born 1946) is a Japanese author and illustrator from Kōchi Prefecture. He graduated from Osaka University of Arts as a professional illustrator. Until recently he lectured at the Tokai University in Asahikawa, Hokkaidō.

He is thought to have the world's largest private collection of Finn Juhl chairs.
He has published several books on chairs and design, among these Danish Chairs, Hans J. Wegner's 100 Chairs and Finn Juhl.

Tokai University
Tokai University (東海大学, Tōkai Daigaku) is a private non-sectarian higher education institution located in  Tokyo, Japan. It was founded by Dr. Shigeyoshi Matsumae.

It was accredited under Japan's old educational system in 1946 and under the new system in 1950. In 2008, Tokai University, Kyushu Tokai University, and Hokkaido Tokai University were consolidated and reorganized into Tokai University. Its Chinese character name is the same as Tunghai University in Taiwan.
Yukiko Shimazaki
Yukiko Shimazaki (島崎 雪子, Shimazaki Yukiko; February 25, 1931 – 2014) was a Japanese actress and singer. She appeared in more than twenty films from 1950 to 1964. She was married to film director Tatsumi Kumashiro from 1955 to 1967.
She died in 2014.

Tatsumi Kumashiro
Tatsumi Kumashiro (Kumashiro Tatsumi (神代 辰巳); 24 April 1927 – 24 February 1995) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter known for his critically acclaimed, award-winning Roman Porno films.

Kumashiro was the most highly acclaimed director of the early Nikkatsu Roman Porno era, with many box-office successes, and films regularly appearing on the yearly Best Ten lists of the mainstream Kinema Junpo and Eiga Geijutsu film journals. Notable films include Ichijo's Wet Lust (1972) and The Woman with Red Hair (1979). Kumashiro has been called, "the most consistently successful director in Japan's cinematic history," and Allmovie calls him, "the most important Japanese director to emerge during the 1970s."
Nigerian Bottling Company
Nigerian Bottling Company is a beverage firm that is the franchise bottler of Coca-Cola in Nigeria. The firm has also owned the Nigerian franchise to market Fanta, Sprite, Schweppes, Ginger Ale, Limca, Krest, Parle Soda and Five Alive.

Nigerian Bottling Company also known as NBC, started production in 1953 at the basement facilities of the mainland Hotel, owned by Leventis Group producing Coke licensed from Coca Cola Company. In 1960, NBC introduced Fanta orange drink into the market and later Sprite lemon drink.

Sprite (drink)
Sprite is a clear, lemon-lime flavored soft drink created by the Coca-Cola Company. Sprite comes in additional flavors, including cranberry, cherry, grape, orange, tropical, ginger, pineapple, and vanilla. Ice, peach, Berryclear remix, and newer versions of the drinks are artificially sweetened. Sprite was created primarily to compete against PepsiCo and Keurig Dr Pepper's 7 Up.
Merivel: A Man of His Time
Merivel: A Man of His Time is a novel by Rose Tremain, published in 2012. It is set in 17th century England, France and Switzerland and is a sequel to Restoration. It was short listed for the Walter Scott Prize for historical fiction in 2013.

Walter Scott Prize
The Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction is a British literary award founded in 2010. At £25,000, it is one of the largest literary awards in the UK. The award was created by the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, whose ancestors were closely linked to Scottish author Sir Walter Scott, who is generally considered the originator of historical fiction with the novel Waverley in 1814.

Eligible books must have been first published in the UK, Ireland or Commonwealth in the preceding year. For the purpose of the award, historical fiction is defined as being that where the main events take place more than 60 years ago, i.e. outside of any mature personal experience of the author. The winner is announced each June at the Borders Book Festival in Melrose.
Brauns
Brauns is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Axel Brauns (born 1963), German writer and filmmaker

Hans Brauns (1857–1929), German zoologist

Heinrich Brauns (1868–1939), German theologian and politician

Mārtiņš Brauns (1951–2021), Latvian composer and musician

Valdis Brauns (born 1945), Latvian photographer

Hans Brauns
Johannes Heinrich Justus Carl Ernst Brauns (21 March 1857 – 3 February 1929), more known as Hans Brauns, was a German physician and entomologist.

Born in Vlotho, Kingdom of Prussia, Brauns qualified as Doctor of Medicine in 1894 at the University of Leipzig. He moved to Cape Colony in 1895, where he practiced medicine and collected insects whenever possible. Most of his entomological research focused on insects of the order Hymenoptera.
Ballad of the Goodly Fere
The Ballad of the Goodly Fere is a poem by Ezra Pound, first published in 1909. The narrator is Simon Zelotes, speaking after the Crucifixion about his memories of Jesus (the "goodly fere"—Old English for "companion"—of the title).

Pound wrote the poem as a direct response to what he considered inappropriately effeminate portrayals of Jesus, comparing Jesus—a "man o' men"—to "capon priest(s)"; he subsequently told T.P.'s Weekly that he had "been made very angry by a certain sort of cheap irreverence".

Capon
A capon (from Latin: cāpō, genitive cāpōnis) is a male chicken that has been castrated or neutered, either physically or chemically, to improve the quality of its flesh for food, and, in some countries like Spain, fattened by forced feeding.
Antler
Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family. Antlers are a single structure composed of bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, skin, nerves, and blood vessels. They are generally found only on males, with the exception of reindeer/caribou. Antlers are shed and regrown each year and function primarily as objects of sexual attraction and as weapons.

Moulting
In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is a process by which an animal casts off parts of its body to serve some beneficial purpose, either at specific times of the year, or at specific points in its life cycle.

In medieval times, it was also known as "mewing" (from the French verb "muer", to moult), a term that lives on in the name of Britain's Royal Mews where the King's hawks used to be kept during moulting time before becoming horse stables after Tudor times.

Moulting can involve shedding the epidermis (skin), pelage (hair, feathers, fur, wool), or other external layer. In some groups, other body parts may be shed, for example, the entire exoskeleton in arthropods, including the wings in some insects.
Colin Walshe
Colin Walshe is a Gaelic footballer who plays at senior level for the Monaghan county team. Walshe won Ulster championships in 2013 and 2015 with Monaghan. In 2013, he won an All Star at right corner-back.

Monaghan county football team
The Monaghan county football team (/ˈmɒnəhən/ MON-ə-hən) represents Monaghan in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Monaghan GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Monaghan's home ground is St Tiernach's Park, Clones.

The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 2015 and the National League in 1985. The team has not yet won a senior All-Ireland competition.
2024 UFL championship game
The 2024 UFL Championship game was an American football game played on June 16, 2024, at The Dome at America's Center in St. Louis, Missouri. The contest determined the champion of the 2024 UFL season and was played between the USFL Conference title winners, the Birmingham Stallions, and the XFL Conference title winners, the San Antonio Brahmas. The game began at 5:00 p.m. EDT and aired on Fox.

2023 XFL Championship Game
The 2023 XFL championship game was an American football game on May 13, 2023, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. The contest determined the champion of the 2023 XFL season and was played between the South Division title winners Arlington Renegades and the North Division title winners DC Defenders. The game began at 8:00 p.m. EDT and was aired on ABC.
Altorf
Altorf (French pronunciation: [altɔʁf] ⓘ; German: Altdorf; Alsatian: Àldorf) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France.

The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.

Peter Thumb
Peter Thumb (18 December 1681 – 4 March 1766) was an Austrian architect and master builder. He was a member of the Vorarlberg School and is best known for his Rococo architecture, mainly in Southern Germany. His family came from Bezau, Vorarlberg, in the westernmost part of Austria, and he was active in Baden, the Black Forest, Alsace, Upper Swabia, on and around Lake Constance, and in Switzerland. Outstanding examples of his work include the pilgrimage church at Birnau on Lake Constance and the monastery library at the Abbey of Saint Gall, Saint Gallen, Switzerland.
Pierre-Henri Raphanel
Pierre-Henri Raphanel (born 27 May 1961) is a French former racing driver.

He participated in 17 Formula One Grands Prix for Larrousse, Coloni and Rial, debuting on 13 November 1988. He only qualified for one race, the 1989 Monaco Grand Prix, making him the only driver in F1 history whose only race was in the principality.

Following his F1 career, Raphanel became a factory driver for Toyota, competing in Japan for series such as JTCC and JGTC, for the latter until 2000. After 2006, Raphanel worked as the lead test driver and product specialist for Bugatti and is usually seen demonstrating the Veyron.

Raphanel is also the uncle of the French-Algerian driver Julien Gerbi and of the young go-kart driver Arthur Raphanel.

Raphanel drove the Bugatti Veyron Super Sport to its maximum speed (431.072 km/h) in Ehra-Lessien in July 2010.

Bugatti Automobiles
Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. (French pronunciation: [bygati]) is a French luxury sports car manufacturer. The company was founded in 1998 as a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group and is based in Molsheim, Alsace, France. The company makes a variety of two-seater and track-only cars.

The original Bugatti automobile brand was established by Ettore Bugatti (1881–1947) in 1909 at Molsheim and built sports, racing and luxury cars.

In November 2021, the company became part of Bugatti Rimac, a joint venture between Rimac Group and Porsche AG. Since 1 November 2021, the company has been led by Mate Rimac as chief executive officer of Bugatti Rimac.
Erik Thulstrup
Erik Waaben Thulstrup (died September 2019) was a Danish chemist.

Lehto earned his PhD in 1970 from the Aarhus University. He was an associate professor at Aarhus University from 1972 to 1981, professor at the Danish School of Education from 1981 to 1989, and lastly at Roskilde University from 1993. In between he headed the World Bank Science and Technology for Development program from 1990 to 1993.

He was a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences from 1996, of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1999 as well as the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and African Academy of Sciences.

Mongolian Academy of Sciences
The Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS; Mongolian: Монгол улсын Шинжлэх ухааны Академи, Mongol ulsyn Shinjlekh ukhaany Akademi) is Mongolia's first centre of modern sciences. It came into being in 1921 when the government of newly
independent Mongolia issued a resolution declaring the establishment of "The Institute of Literature and Scripts", which was later upgraded into "The Institute of Sciences" and "The Institute of Sciences and Higher Education". In 1961, it was finally reorganized as "The Mongolian Academy of Sciences" MAS. At present there are 14 research institutes and two affiliated academies under MAS.
Stadler Variobahn
The Stadler Variobahn (formerly sold as the ABB Variotram, Adtranz Variotram and Bombardier Variotram) is a model of articulated low-floor tram and light rail vehicle. Since its introduction in 1993, the Variobahn has been manufactured variously by ABB, Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation, and since 2001 by Stadler Pankow. As of 2009, 254 trams have been ordered, with an additional 110 on option. A unit costs about €2.5 million.

Operators include the Graz Holding, the Bergen Light Rail, the Chemnitz Tramway, Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr, the Rhine Neckar Area Tramway and London Tramlink.

Types of trams
Trams have been used since the 19th century, and since then, there have been various uses and designs for trams around the world. This article covers the many design types, most notably the articulated, double-decker, drop-centre, low-floor, single ended, double-ended, rubber -tired, and tram-train; and the various uses of trams, both historical and current, most notably cargo trams, a dog car, hearse tram, maintenance trams, a mobile library service, a nursery tram, a restaurant tram, a tourist tram, and as mobile offices.
Bill Tierney (baseball)
William J. Tierney  (May 14, 1858 – September 21, 1898) was an American Major League Baseball player. He played for the 1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings of the American Association and the 1884 Baltimore Monumentals of the Union Association.

Union Association
The Union Association was an American professional baseball league which competed with Major League Baseball, lasting for just the 1884 season. St. Louis won the pennant and joined the National League the following season.

Seven of the twelve teams who were in the Association at some point during the season did not play a full schedule: four teams folded during the season and were replaced, while  Chicago moved to Pittsburgh in late August.
Marvel Snap
Marvel Snap is a digital collectible card game developed by Second Dinner and published by Nuverse for Android, iOS, and Windows. The game features a collection of different characters from the Marvel Universe. The game was released on October 18, 2022, after a period of beta testing.

Access to the game in the United States was briefly restricted on January 19, 2025, due to the implementation of the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (PAFACA) banning software owned or published by ByteDance, which owns the game's then-publisher Nuverse. The restrictions were later removed, and the developers have since announced that they would work with US company Skystone Games to bring publishing duties in-house.

Marvel Universe
The Marvel Universe is a fictional shared universe where the stories in most American comic book titles and other media published by Marvel Comics take place. Superhero teams such as the Avengers, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Guardians of the Galaxy, and many Marvel superheroes live in this universe, including characters such as Spider-Man, Wolverine, the Hulk, Captain America, and Iron Man. It also contains well-known supervillains such as Doctor Doom, Magneto, the Green Goblin, Loki, and Thanos. It also contains antiheroes such as Deadpool, Ghost Rider, the Punisher, Elektra, and Black Cat.

The Marvel Universe is further depicted as existing within a "multiverse" consisting of thousands of separate universes, all of which are the creations of Marvel Comics and all of which are, in a sense, "Marvel universes". In this context, "Marvel Universe" is taken to refer to the mainstream Marvel continuity, which is known as Earth-616 or Prime Earth.
Walter Archer
Walter Edward Archer C.B. F.R.S.E. (4 July 1855 – 19 August 1917) was a British civil servant, spy and specialist on "the sex life of the salmon".

Walter Archer led the Fisheries Division of the UK government's Board of Agriculture and Fisheries from 1903 to 1912. Between 1908 and 1912, he served as President of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the world's oldest intergovernmental science organization.

His interest in salmon took him to live in Sand, Rogaland, Norway.

In 1912, Archer and his son Hugh were recruited as agents by Mansfield Smith-Cumming, the first director of the Secret Intelligence Service, who gave them the codenames "Sage" and "Sagette", to spy on German ships in Norwegian and Danish waters.

Royal Society of Biology
The Royal Society of Biology (RSB), previously called the Society of Biology, is a learned society and professional association in the United Kingdom created to advance the interests of biology in academia, industry, education, and research. Formed in 2009 by the merger of the Biosciences Federation and the Institute of Biology, the society has more than 20,000 individual members, and almost 100 Member Organisations. In addition to engaging the public on matters related to the life sciences, the Society seeks to develop the profession and to guide the development of related policies.

Individual Membership is open to both professional biologists and non-professional individuals with an interest in the life sciences, reflecting the Society’s inclusive and diverse community.
Sofia Polgar
Sofia Polgar (Hungarian: Polgár Zsófia, pronounced [ˈpolɡaːr ˈʒoːfiɒ], Hebrew: סופיה פולגר; born November 2, 1974) is a Hungarian and Israeli chess player, teacher, and artist. She holds the FIDE titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM). A former chess prodigy, she is the middle sister of two Grandmasters, Susan and Judit. She has played for Hungary in four Chess Olympiads, winning two team gold medals, one team silver, three individual golds, and one individual bronze.

Chess prodigy
A chess prodigy is a young child who possesses an aptitude for the game of chess that far exceeds what might be expected at their age. Their prodigious talent will often enable them to defeat experienced adult players and even titled chess masters. Some chess prodigies have progressed to become grandmasters or even World Chess Champions.
Northern Ireland Water
Northern Ireland Water Limited is the main water company in Northern Ireland.

Formerly an executive agency within Northern Ireland Executive, it became a government-owned company on 1 April 2007. The company now sits as an Agency within the Department of Infrastructure (DfI). The company provides 575 million litres of clean water a day for almost 1.8 million people as well as treating 340 million litres of wastewater every day, and has approximately 1,300 staff. It is responsible for 27,000 km of watermains and 16,000 km of sewerage mains, as well as 23 water treatment works and 1,030 wastewater treatment works. It cost around £460m each year to deliver water services across Northern Ireland.

Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland)
The Department of the Environment (DOE or DOENI; Irish: An Roinn Comhshaoil; Ulster-Scots: Männystrie o tha Kintraside) was a devolved Northern Irish government department in the Northern Ireland Executive.  The Minister for the Environment was overall responsible for the department.