hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bellamy's Backyard Safari
Bellamy's Backyard Safari is a BBC nature documentary series presented by David Bellamy that was first transmitted in the United Kingdom on BBC One in July 1981. It featured the use of special effects to shrink Bellamy down to a size smaller than an insect and followed his adventures on a safari through a typical British garden.

Directed by Paul Kriwaczek and produced by Mike Weatherley, the four-part series from the BBC Natural History Unit included specialist natural history filming by London Scientific Films. Scenes include Bellamy on a spider web, encountering slugs and millipedes and watching the germination of seeds. A book with the same title was published in 1981 to accompany the series.

Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant.
The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue)
The Mocking of Christ (or Christ Mocked) is a small 13th-century panel painting by the Italian artist Cimabue, in tempera on a poplar panel. It depicts the mocking of Jesus and is one of three panels known from Cimabue's Diptych of Devotion. It was discovered in the kitchen of an elderly woman in northern France. In October 2019 it sold at auction for €24 million, a record for an artwork predating the 16th century. It is believed to be the first work by Cimabue to have been auctioned. Following an export ban, it was acquired by the Louvre in 2023.

Panel painting
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel of wood, either a single piece or a number of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the more popular support medium in the 16th century, panel painting was the normal method, when not painting directly onto a wall (fresco) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts). Wood panels were also used for mounting vellum paintings.
Swallow Falls State Park
Swallow Falls State Park is a public recreation area located on the west bank of the Youghiogheny River nine miles (14 km) northwest of Oakland in Garrett County, Maryland, in the United States. The state park features Maryland's highest free-falling waterfall, the 53-foot (16 m) Muddy Creek Falls, as well as smaller waterfalls on the Youghiogheny River and Tolivar Creek. The park is notable for its stand of old hemlock trees, some more than 300 years old, "the last stand of its kind in Maryland."

Tsuga
Tsuga (/ˈsuːɡə/, from Japanese 栂 (ツガ), the name of Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family. The English-language common name "hemlock" arose from a perceived similarity in the smell of its crushed foliage to that of the unrelated plant hemlock. Unlike the latter, Tsuga species are not poisonous.

The genus comprises eight to ten species (depending on the authority), with four species occurring in North America and four to six in eastern Asia.
HIS-selective medium
HIS-selective medium is a type cell culture medium that lacks the amino acid histidine. It can be used with bacteria reliant on the expression of a gene encoding proteins involved in histidine expression in order to survive. Only bacteria expressing such genes (such as hisB in Escherichia coli and HIS3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) will survive on these media.

HisB
The hisB gene, found in the enterobacteria (such as E. coli), in Campylobacter jejuni and in Xylella/Xanthomonas encodes a protein involved in catalysis of two step in histidine biosynthesis (the sixth and eight step), namely the bifunctional Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase/histidinol-phosphatase.

The former function (EC 4.2.1.19), found at the N-terminal, dehydrated d-erythroimidazoleglycerolphosphate to imidazoleacetolphosphate, the latter function (EC 3.1.3.15), found at the C-terminal, dephosphorylates l-histidinolphosphate producing histidinol.

The firth step is catalysed instead by histadinolphosphate aminotransferase (encoded by hisC)

The peptide is 40.5kDa and associates to form a hexamer (unless truncated)

In E. coli hisB is found on the hisGDCBHAFI operon

The phosphatase activity possess a substrate ambiguity and overexpression of hisB can rescue phosphoserine phosphatase (serB) knockouts.
John Holman (slave trader)
John Holman was an English slave trader from London who settled in the Pongo River area in the 1760s before eventually moving on to South Carolina in 1790.

John Holeman Sr., upon his death, provided the economic base for the second largest slave holding family of African descent to plant rice in South Carolina.

Pongo River (Guinea)
The Pongo River or Rio Pongo is a river that flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Boffa, Guinea. Its source is located in Fouta Djallon. The surrounding area has also been known as "Pongoland" or "Bongo Country".
2006 Eurocup Mégane Trophy
The 2006 Eurocup Mégane Trophy season was the second season of the Renault–supported touring car category, a one-make racing series that is part of the World Series by Renault.. The season began at Circuit Zolder on 29 April and finished at the Circuit de Catalunya on 29 October, after seven rounds and fourteen races. Jaap van Lagen won the title, having battled Matthieu Lahaye for the entire campaign.

Renault Sport Series
The Renault Sport Series (formerly known as World Series by Renault) was a motor racing series. The series latterly consisted of the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0, and used to contain the Renault Sport Trophy and the Formula Renault 3.5 Series. The F4 Eurocup 1.6 was made part of the World Series in 2010, but was then folded for 2011. The flagship for the Renault Sport Series from its beginning to 2015 was the Formula Renault 3.5 Series (often referred to as simply World Series by Renault or simply WSR). It became the Formula V8 3.5 in 2016, when Renault Sport retired its backing. In 2020 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 folded into the Formula Regional European Championship.
Union theorem
The union theorem is a result from the 60s in computational complexity theory. It was published in 1969 by Ed McCreight and Albert Meyer.

Originally it is stated for general Blum complexity classes, but it is most relevant for DTIME, NTIME, DSPACE or NSPACE as stated in ch. 12.6 of first edition from 1979 of the textbook of Hopcroft and Ullman. This chapter was removed from newer editions, however.

The theorem for time complexity roughly states the following. Given a list of monotonically increasing time bound functions  where  for , there exists a time bound function  such that a problem is computable in time bounded by  if and only if there exists an   such that the problem is computable in time bounded by .

The theorem can be applied to show that complexity classes like P are well-defined. Together with the speedup theorem, the gap theorem and the time and space hierarchy theorems it is a basis for hierarchies in complexity theory.

Blum axioms
In computational complexity theory the Blum axioms or Blum complexity axioms are axioms  that specify desirable properties of complexity measures on the set of computable functions. The axioms were first defined by Manuel Blum in 1967.

Importantly, Blum's speedup theorem and the gap theorem hold for any complexity measure satisfying these axioms. The most well-known measures satisfying these axioms are those of time (i.e., running time) and space (i.e., memory usage).
Whistler Writers Festival
The Whistler Writers Festival is an annual literary arts festival held every October in Whistler, British Columbia.

Put on by the Whistler Writing Society, the festival brings together the very best Canadian and international authors for a weekend packed with readings, workshops, speaker panels, spoken word events, music and more.

Richard Van Camp
Richard Van Camp ONWT (born September 8, 1971) is a Dogrib Tłı̨chǫ writer of the Dene nation from Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada. He is best known for his 1996 novel The Lesser Blessed, which was adapted into a film by director Anita Doron in 2012.
Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure
Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure (French: Exposition du corps de saint Bonaventure) is a 1629 oil painting on canvas by the Spanish painter Francisco de Zurbarán, now in the Louvre. Around the body of Saint Bonaventure are figures including James I of Aragon and Pope Gregory X, shown in conversation. It formed part of a series of paintings on the saint's life – the other works are Saint Bonaventure at the Council of Lyon (Louvre), Saint Bonaventure and the Angel (Dresden) and Saint Bonaventure and Saint Thomas Aquinas before a Crucifix (Berlin).

Bonaventure
Bonaventure OFM (/ˈbɒnəvɛntʃər, ˌbɒnəˈvɛntʃər/ BON-ə-ven-chər, -⁠VEN-; Italian: Bonaventura da Bagnoregio [ˌbɔnavenˈtuːra da (b)baɲɲoˈrɛːdʒo]; Latin: Bonaventura de Balneoregio; born Giovanni di Fidanza; 1221 – 15 July 1274) was an Italian Catholic Franciscan bishop, cardinal, scholastic theologian and philosopher.

The seventh Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, he also served for a time as Bishop of Albano. He was canonised on 14 April 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV. In 1588 Pope Sixtus V declared him a Doctor of the Church named as the "Seraphic Doctor" (Latin: Doctor Seraphicus). His feast day is 15 July.

Many writings from the Middle Ages once attributed to him have been subsequently re-classified under the name "Pseudo-Bonaventure".
2-Carboxybenzaldehyde
2-Carboxybenzaldehyde is a chemical compound. It consists of a benzene ring, with an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid as substituents that are ortho to each other. The compound exhibits ring–chain tautomerism: the two substituents can react with each other to form 3-hydroxyphthalide, a cyclic lactol. This lactol reacts readily with Grignard reagents, forming alkyl- and aryl-substituted phthalides. Other benzo-fused heterocyclic compounds can be derived from 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, including isoindolinones and phthalazinones, with a variety of pharmacological properties, such as the antihistamine azelastine.

Lactol
In organic chemistry, a lactol is a functional group which is the cyclic equivalent of a hemiacetal (−CH(OH)O−) or a hemiketal (>C(OH)O−).
The compound is formed by the intramolecular, nucleophilic addition of a hydroxyl group (−OH) to the carbonyl group (C=O) of an aldehyde (−CH=O) or a ketone (>C=O).

A lactol is often found as an equilibrium mixture with the corresponding hydroxyaldehyde. The equilibrium can favor either direction depending on ring size and other conformational effects.

The lactol functional group is prevalent in nature as component of aldose sugars.
Annenberg Institute at Brown University
The Annenberg Institute at Brown University is an education research and reform institute at Brown University. Its mission is to "understand the causes and consequences of educational inequality and to reduce this inequality through innovative, multidimensional, and research-informed approaches." The institute was established in October 1993 as the National Institute for School Reform and renamed the Annenberg Institute for School Reform in December 1993 following a gift from the Annenberg Foundation. The name was reduced to 'Annenberg Institute' in 2024.

Prominent educational reformer Theodore R. Sizer worked to found the institute and served as its inaugural director. Since 2018 the institute has been directed by Susanna Loeb.

Educational research
Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics.

Educational researchers generally agree that research should be rigorous and systematic. However, there is less agreement about specific standards, criteria and research procedures. As a result, the value and quality of educational research has been questioned.  Educational researchers may draw upon a variety of disciplines including psychology, economics, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy. Methods may be drawn from a range of disciplines. Conclusions drawn from an individual research study may be limited by the characteristics of the participants who were studied and the conditions under which the study was conducted.
Jean Pierre Jeandat
Jean-Pierre Jeandat (born 9 March 1970), is a French motorcycle racer. He is known for racing with the number 51.

Jeandat started at the age of 14, participating in 50cc races with a modified moped prepared by Zonzon in Argenteuil, where he showed promise. He won when the FFM organized a championship in this category in 1986.

In 1990, Jeandat became the Champion of France Superbike in the 250cc category.

Jeandat's Grand Prix career began in the 125cc category, participating in the 1989 French Grand Prix and finishing 13th. The following year, in 1990, he raced in the 250cc category for two events. From 1991 to 1993, he competed in the full season, still in the 250cc category. Then, from 1994 to 1996, he participated in the 500cc championship. His last record was in 1996, where he ranked 17 in the Italy Imola GP.

During his career, Jeandat scored 86 points in the World Championship across all categories.

Motorcycle racing
The motorcycle sport of racing (also called moto racing and motorbike racing) includes motorcycle road racing and off-road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.
Confiserie Roodthooft
Confiserie Roodthooft is a family company producing Belgian sweets and toffees. The company was founded by Louis Roodthooft and Johanna Stoops in Antwerp, Belgium in 1925. Roodthooft was in charge of sales whilst Stoops took care of the everyday running of the factory, which was not a usual thing for a Belgian woman to do back then.

The company's most famous product is the 'Caramella Mokatine', also known as the 'Arabier', a coffee-flavoured sweet in a sachetti wrapper. The sachetti wrapper was introduced to Belgium by Louis Roodthooft in 1934. The third-generation family company currently exports to countries all over the world. Their latest range, "Our Original Belgian Toffees" combines original recipes from the 1920s with contemporary packaging.

The company's headquarters are in a listed building built in 1905-7 by former students of Victor Horta.

Toffee
Toffee is an English confection made by caramelizing sugar or molasses (creating inverted sugar) along with butter, and occasionally flour. The mixture is heated until its temperature reaches the hard crack stage of 149 to 154 °C (300 to 310 °F). While being prepared, toffee is sometimes mixed with nuts or raisins.
Tara of the Twilight
Tara of the Twilight is a fantasy novel  by American writer Lin Carter. It was first published in paperback by Zebra Books in October 1979. The first British edition was published as an ebook by Gateway/Orion in April 2020.

According to Carter's introductory note, Tara of the Twilight represents his attempt to combine the genre of sword and sorcery with pornographic fantasy. Based on the unresolved state of the plot, he evidently projected at least one sequel, and three Tara short stories ("For the Blood is the Life", "The Love of the Sea" and "Pale Shadow") were published in the mid-1980s that presumably would have formed the basis for such a volume. No collected edition of these was ever published.

Zebra Books
Zebra Books is an imprint of American publisher Kensington Publishing Corp. As the company's flagship imprint until the late 80s, it currently publishes women's fiction, romantic suspense and bestselling historical, paranormal and contemporary romance. In the past, it was also an iconic publisher of pulp horror, and it also published westerns and humor.
Blackmont, Kentucky
Blackmont is an unincorporated community in Bell County, Kentucky, United States. At one time it was called Hulen. Its post office  is closed.

The community lies on the south side of the Cumberland River and US Route 119 passes the community on the north bank of the Cumberland.

U.S. Route 119
U.S. Route 119 (US 119) is a spur of US 19. It is a north–south route (on a northeast–southwest alignment) that was an original United States highway of 1926. It is Corridor G of the Appalachian Development Highway System (ADHS) east of US 23 and KY 80 in Kentucky to Interstate 64 at Charleston, West Virginia. It is the longest road in West Virginia, traveling a distance of 279 miles (449 km) through the state.
2026 Super Formula Championship
The 2026 Japanese Super Formula Championship will be the fifty-fourth season of premier Japanese single-seater motor racing, and the fourteenth under the moniker of Super Formula. Team Mugen driver Ayumu Iwasa enters the season as the defending series champion.

TGR Driver Challenge Program
The Toyota Gazoo Racing Driver Challenge Program (TGR-DC) formerly known as the Toyota Drivers Academy and Toyota Young Drivers Programme (TDP), is a driver development programme by Toyota Gazoo Racing. It is meant to promote talent in different racing series by helping them with funds, hoping to find drivers who will race for the team in the future. Notable graduates of the scheme are Kazuki Nakajima, Kamui Kobayashi; who made their F1 debuts for Williams and Toyota, respectively.

The program was launched in 2001 when Toyota entered Formula 1, and wants to promote young drivers from Japan, and other countries that are able to reach F1.
International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism
The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) is a learned society on nephrology that has the objective of advancing knowledge, education and awareness pertaining to nutrition and metabolism in kidney disease by fostering communication of the advancements of knowledge in renal nutrition. The ISRNM website states that it promotes expert patient care, advances medical research, and educates the kidney community on the role of nutrition in chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury including the role of nutritional status, uremic malnutrition, protein-energy wasting, and dietary derangement. The site also mentions a role in informing policymakers about issues of relevant to kidney and nutrition communities and the patients.

Diet (nutrition)
In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.
The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos. This may be due to personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy.

Complete nutrition requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids from protein and essential fatty acids from fat-containing food, also food energy in the form of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in the quality of life, health and longevity.
He Would Be a Soldier
He Would Be a Soldier is a 1786 comedy play by the Irish writer Frederick Pilon. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden on 18 November 1786. The original cast included Francis Aickin as Colonel Talbot, John Quick as Sir Oliver Oldstock, William Thomas Lewis as Captain Crevelt, William Farren as Mandeville, Ralph Wewitzer as Count Pierpoint, James Fearon as Wilkins, John Edwin as Caleb, James Thompson as Caleb, Elizabeth Pope as Charlotte, Lydia Webb as Lady Oldstock and Mary Wells as Harriet. The Irish premiere took place at the Smock Alley Theatre in Dublin on 2 January 1787

Smock Alley Theatre
Since the 17th century, there have been numerous theatres in Dublin with the name Smock Alley.

The current Smock Alley Theatre (Irish: Amharclann Scabhat Smock) is a 21st-century theatre in Dublin, converted from a 19th-century church building, incorporating structural material from an 18th-century theatre building, and built on the site of the 17th century Theatre Royal, Dublin. The present theatre was opened in 2012, after a €3.5 million investment.

The Smock Alley Theatre site comprises Smock Alley Theatre (177 seats), The Boys School (60 - 100 capacity), Black Box (80 capacity), and The Banquet Hall (150 capacity).
FC Genç Kalemler
FC Genç Kalemler (Macedonian: ФК Генч Калемлер, FK Gench Kalemler) is a football club of the Turkish community based in the village of Dolna Banjica near Gostivar, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the OFS Gostivar league.

Gostivar
Gostivar (Macedonian: Гостивар [ˈɡɔstivar] ⓘ; Albanian definite form: Gostivari) is a city in North Macedonia, located in the upper Polog valley region.  It is the seat of one of the larger municipalities in the country with a population of 59,770, and the town also covers 1.341 square kilometres (331 acres).  Gostivar has road and railway connections with the other cities in the region, such as Tetovo, Skopje, Kičevo, Ohrid, and Debar.  A freeway was built in 1995, from Gostivar to Tetovo, 24 km (15 mi) long. Gostivar is the seat of Gostivar Municipality.
Hans Storhaug
Hans "Kyllingen" Storhaug, MM, DSM (23 May 1915 – 8 June 1995) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II, especially noted for his role in the heavy water sabotage 1942–1943, and for his participation in the SOE operation Grebe and Grebe Red in Østerdalen 1943–1945.

Norwegian resistance movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: Motstandsbevegelsen) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms:

Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration

The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture

The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation

Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance
Go!Express
Go!Express (marketed as go!Express) was the brand name for the regional airline service of go!, rather than a certificated airline carrier. Mokulele Airlines was the sole operator of Go!Express between April 17, 2007 and March 24, 2009, when their contract was canceled due to Mokulele's partnership with Shuttle America. On the same day, Go! began selling flights operated by Island Air as Go!Express. Rather than using dedicated aircraft on flights sold exclusively as Go!Express, Island Air's Go!Express service was provided by the carrier's existing flights and aircraft.

Kapalua, Hawaii
Kapalua is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maui County, Hawaiʻi, United States. A resort development by the Maui Land & Pineapple Company extends inland from Kapalua Bay and Honolua Bay.  The population was 495 at the 2020 census.