hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2005 Qantas Television Awards
The inaugural New Zealand Qantas Television Awards were staged on 12 November 2005 in Auckland, New Zealand.

The awards show and most of the awards were presented by Petra Bagust and Jason Gunn, with additional awards presented by Helen Clark and Don Brash (or more specifically, parodies of them from the TV show Facelift), Oscar Kightley, Dave Fane, Jaquie Brown and Oliver Driver. Prime's Charlotte Dawson served as a backstage correspondent.

Jason Gunn
Jason Kenneth Gunn (born 26 December 1968) is a New Zealand television and radio personality. He is known for The Son of a Gunn Show, What Now, Dancing with the Stars, Wheel of Fortune, and The Rich List, and also afternoon shows on radio stations Classic Hits and More FM.
Szczybały Giżyckie
Szczybały Giżyckie [ʂt͡ʂɨˈbawɨ ɡiˈʐɨt͡skʲɛ] is a village located in the administrative district of Gmina Giżycko, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Giżycko and 82 km (51 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Giżycko
Giżycko (Polish pronunciation: [ɡʲiˈʐɨt͡skɔ] ⓘ; former Polish: Lec or Łuczany; German: Lötzen, pronounced [ˈlœtsn̩] ⓘ) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,107 inhabitants as of January 2025. It is situated between Lake Kisajno and Lake Niegocin in the region of Masuria, within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Giżycko County.

Giżycko is a popular summer tourist destination due to its location within the Masurian Lake District and possesses numerous historical monuments, including a 14th-century Teutonic castle.
Melzo
Melzo (Lombard: Melz [ˈmɛls]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 18,400 and an area of 9.7 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi).

Melzo borders the following municipalities: Gorgonzola, Pozzuolo Martesana, Cassina de' Pecchi, Vignate, Truccazzano, Liscate.

Melzo received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on March 14, 1952. It is served by Melzo railway station.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Sectional curvature
In Riemannian geometry, the sectional curvature is one of the ways to describe the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. The sectional curvature K(σp) depends on a two-dimensional linear subspace σp of the tangent space at a point p of the manifold. It can be defined geometrically as the Gaussian curvature of the surface which has the plane σp as a tangent plane at p, obtained from geodesics which start at p in the directions of σp (in other words, the image of σp under the exponential map at p). The sectional curvature is a real-valued function on the 2-Grassmannian bundle over the manifold.

The sectional curvature determines the Riemann curvature tensor completely.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Shosanbetsu Observatory
Shosanbetu Observatory (jp: しょさんべつ天文台, or Shosanbetsu temmondai) is an astronomical observatory in Japan. It is located in the tiny fishermen's village of Shosanbetsu in the northernmost island of Hokkaidō (141°47′08″E, 44°34′08″N, h=47m above sea level) on a cape facing the Sea of Japan.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Tatabánya railway station
Tatabánya railway station (Hungarian: Tatabánya vasútállomás) is a railway station in Tatabánya, Komárom-Esztergom County, Hungary. The station opened on 15 July 1884. The station is located on the main line between Vienna and Budapest (Line 1 Budapest–Hegyeshalom railway), Line 12 Tatabánya–Oroszlány railway and Line 13 Tatabánya–Pápa railway. The train services are operated by MÁV START.

Komárom-Esztergom County
Komárom-Esztergom (Hungarian: Komárom-Esztergom vármegye, pronounced [ˈkomaːrom ˈɛstɛrɡom]; German: Burgkomitat Komorn-Gran;  Slovak: Komárňansko-ostrihomská župa) is an administrative Hungarian county in Central Transdanubia Region; its shares its northern border the Danube with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties of Győr-Moson-Sopron, Veszprém, Fejér and Pest and the Slovakian Nitra Region (Nové Zámky District, Komárno District). Its county seat is Tatabánya.
CMS College Kottayam
The CMS College (Church Missionary Society College), established in 1817, is one of the earliest Western-style colleges in India. The college is considered to be the oldest institution of higher education in India along with the Presidency College Calcutta. This college is located at Kottayam, in the Kottayam district of Kerala. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in arts, commerce, and sciences. It also offers different vocational degree courses. It is affiliated to the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala. It has been given Autonomous status by the University Grants Commission, India. CMS College, Kottayam and Presidency College Calcutta, established in the same year, are the two earliest western-style colleges of India. The college is ranked 92nd among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2024.

National Institutional Ranking Framework
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a ranking methodology released annually by the Ministry of Education, Government of India, to rank institutions of higher education in India. The framework was approved by the former Ministry of Human Resource Development (now the Ministry of Education) and launched by the Minister on 29 September 2015.

Depending on their areas of operation,  institutions have been ranked under 11 different categories – overall, university, colleges, engineering, management, pharmacy, law, medical, architecture, dental and research. The Framework uses several parameters for ranking purposes like resources, research, and stakeholder perception. These parameters have been grouped into five clusters and these clusters were assigned certain weights. These weights depend on the type of institution. About 3500 institutions voluntarily participated in the first round of rankings.
Michael Smith (American journalist)
Michael Smith is a journalist responsible for coverage of Latin America for Bloomberg Markets magazine.

He was a freelance journalist covering Chile.
He graduated from University of North Carolina.
He worked at the Daily Record in Morristown, New Jersey and the Associated Press.

He has three sons and lives in Santiago, Chile.

In 2022 he published his first book, co-authored with Jonathan Franklin, Cabin Fever: The Harrowing Journey of a Cruise Ship at the Dawn of a Pandemic about the Holland-America cruise ship MS Zaandam during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic as it sought a friendly port from the tip of South America to Florida.

Daily Record (New Jersey)
The Daily Record is a seven-day morning daily newspaper of the USA Today Network located in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey.

The Daily Record serves the greater Morris County area of northern New Jersey, Essex County and the south-western suburbs of New York City. It is owned by USA Today Co., who purchased it from the Goodson Newspaper Group in 1998. Goodson had owned the paper since 1987.
Haidar Al Zamily
Haidar Nateq Jasim Al Zamili (born in Baghdad, 1975) (Arabic: حيدر الزاملي; ) is an Iraqi politician and Iraqi Minister of Justice. He is a candidate for the Islamic Virtue Party. He holds a PhD in computer science from the University of Petra in Malaysia in 2011. He participated in the formation of the Islamic Virtue Party in Wasit., And included in the political work and assigned several tasks, including the head of the Office of "Essaouira", and became an assistant to the Secretary-General for the affairs of central provinces, and is now a member of the Political Bureau of the party.

Justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the treatment of individuals fairly. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian, a 6th-century codification of Roman law, where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".

A society where justice has been achieved would be one in which individuals receive what they "deserve". The interpretation of what "deserve" means draws on a variety of fields and philosophical branches including ethics, rationality, law, religion, and fairness. The state may pursue justice by operating courts and enforcing their rulings.
Choshi Electric Railway 100 series
The Choshi Electric Railway 100 series (銚子電鉄100形, Chōshi Dentetsu 100-gata) was an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Choshi Electric Railway in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, between 1939 and 1999.

Trolley pole
A trolley pole is a tapered cylindrical pole of wood or metal, used to transfer electricity from a "live" (electrified) overhead wire to the control and the electric traction motors of a tram or trolley bus. It is a type of current collector. The use of overhead wire in a system of current collection is reputed to be the 1880 invention of Frank J. Sprague, but the first working trolley pole was developed and demonstrated by Charles Van Depoele, in autumn 1885.
Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina first emerged from left-wing currents of the anti-imperialist movement, gaining traction as a tendency in the revolutionary organization Young Bosnia. Following assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and World War I, Bosnia and Herzegovina was brought under a series of authoritarian regimes, before gaining independence in 1992. In the post-independence climate of rising nationalism and income inequality, anarchism re-emerged as part of the nascent anti-nationalist and anti-capitalist movements of the 21st century.

Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina fell under Austro-Hungarian rule in 1878, when the Congress of Berlin approved the occupation of the Bosnia Vilayet, which officially remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Three decades later, in 1908, Austria-Hungary provoked the Bosnian crisis by formally annexing the occupied zone, establishing the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the joint control of Austria and Hungary.
Sârbi Susani church
The Sârbi Susani church stands in the village of Sârbi, Budești commune, in the Cosău valley of Maramureș County, in the historical region of Maramureș, now in Romania. This church is a surviving representative of the oldest wooden churches of Maramureș: those with only one level of eaves.

Budești, Maramureș
Budești (Hungarian: Budfalva or Budfalu, Yiddish: בודשט, romanized: Budesht or Budest) is a commune in Maramureș County, Maramureș, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Budești and Sârbi (Hungarian: Szerfalva or Szerfalu, Yiddish: סערב, romanized: Sarb or Serb).
Condyle
A condyle (/ˈkɒndɪl, -daɪl/; Latin: condylus, from Greek: kondylos; κόνδυλος knuckle) is the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a synovial joint – an encapsulated articulation with another bone. It is one of the markings or features of bones, and can refer to:

On the femur, in the knee joint:
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle

On the tibia, in the knee joint:
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle

On the humerus, in the elbow joint:
Condyle of humerus (Condylus humeri)

On the mandible, in the temporomandibular joint:
Mandibular condyle

On the occipital bone, in the atlanto-occipital joint:
Occipital condyles

Although not generally termed condyles, the trochlea and capitulum of the humerus act as condyles in the elbow, and the femur head acts as a condyle in the hip joint.

Condyle may also be used to describe an intrusion of the endocarp into the seed cavity of flowering plants like Abuta.

Lateral condyle of tibia
The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia.

It serves as the insertion for the biceps femoris muscle (small slip). Most of the tendon of the biceps femoris inserts on the fibula.
Digamber Singh
Digamber Singh (1 October 1951 – 27 October 2017) was an Indian politician, who served as a Cabinet Minister in the Government of Rajasthan. Singh spent over two decades as a Member of the Legislative Assembly, representing the Kumher Assembly constituency, later renamed as Deeg-Kumher. He held numerous imperative Cabinet portfolios in the Government of Rajasthan, including Minister of Health, Ayurveda, Family Welfare and from 2009 onwards as the Minister of Industries.

He was the chairman of the Twenty Point Programme and held additional charges of the Ministries of Panchayati raj, Law, Agriculture and Social justice in the Government of Rajasthan. A prominent Jat leader, Singh was considered the face of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Eastern Rajasthan.

Bharatpur State
Bharatpur was a princely state under British suzerainty. It was ruled by the Sinsinwar clan of the Hindu Jats. The state was founded by Maharaja Badan Singh in 1722. Suraj Mal played an important role in the development and expansion of the state. During Suraj Mal's reign  (1755–1763), the annual revenue of the state was 17,500,000 gold coins.

Under Suraj Mal leadership, the major architecture of this state include the Lohagarh Fort, Deeg Palace and the Keoladeo National Park, a royal hunting reserve, is a World Heritage Site.
Royal Ascot Golf Club
The Ascot Golf Club was founded in 1887, and became a Royal Club by command of Queen Victoria later that year. It is the second oldest, and the only Royal, golf club in Berkshire. The course was designed by John Henry Taylor, who went on to design many courses in Europe.

One of the earlier competitions played on the course was the Boys Amateur Championship, which was first played in 1921. The Trophy for this was presented to The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, who continue to host the competition annually.

The original course was at Ascot Heath, in the middle of Ascot Racecourse. In 2000, the racecourse owners gave the club notice to vacate the land, and eventually a new location was found on the other side of the road in Sunninghill Park. The new clubhouse opened to members in December 2004 and was officially inaugurated in 2006 by the patron of the club, Prince Andrew, Duke of York. Golf continued on Ascot Heath until August 2005 when it moved to the new course.

John Henry Taylor
John Henry "J.H." Taylor (19 March 1871 – 10 February 1963) was an English professional golfer and one of the pioneers of the modern game of golf. Taylor is considered to be one of the best golfers of all time. He was a significant golf course architect. Taylor helped to found the British PGA, the world's first, and became respected for his administrative work. He also wrote two notable golf books.
2020 Vietnamese Women's National League
The 2020 Vietnamese Women's National League (referred to as the Thai Son Bac Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 23rd season of Vietnamese Women's National League, a professional women's football league in Vietnam. The season began on 22 September 2020 and finished on 13 December 2020. Defending champions Ho Chi Minh City I won their 9th title, while picking up their first ever domestic double.

The season was set to start in August but was postponed due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Women's National League (Vietnam)
The Vietnamese Women's National League, officially the Women's National League (Vietnamese: Giải Bóng đá Nữ Vô Địch Quốc Gia, lit. 'Women's National Football League'), also called the Thai Son Bac Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the highest league of women's football in Vietnam. The league was established in 1998 and is currently contested by 8 teams. Defending champions Ho Chi Minh City have won the most championships with 14 titles.
Luigi Alamanni
Luigi Alamanni (sometimes spelt Alemanni) (6 March 1495 – 18 April 1556) was an Italian poet and statesman. He was regarded as a prolific and versatile poet. He was credited with introducing the epigram into Italian poetry.

Epigram
An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, sometimes surprising or satirical statement. The word derives from the Greek ἐπίγραμμα (epígramma, "inscription", from ἐπιγράφειν [epigráphein], "to write on, to inscribe"). This literary device has been practiced for over two millennia.

The presence of wit or sarcasm tends to distinguish non-poetic epigrams from aphorisms and adages, which typically do not show those qualities.
Jim Townsend (footballer)
James Clabby Townsend (2 February 1945 – 19 October 2020) was a Scottish professional footballer who played for St Johnstone, Middlesbrough, Heart of Midlothian, and Morton. He made four appearances for the Scotland national team during a 1967 overseas tour that the Scottish Football Association decided in October 2021 to reclassify as full internationals. In 1976, he played in the National Soccer League with London City and Toronto Italia.

In 1977, he served as the head coach for Windsor Stars in the National Soccer League. In early 1978, the Windsor Stars dismissed him from his post.

Townsend died on 19 October 2020, at the age of 75.

Greenock Morton F.C.
Greenock Morton Football Club is a Scottish professional football club, which plays in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded as Morton Football Club in 1874, making it one of the oldest Scottish clubs. Morton was renamed Greenock Morton in 1994 to celebrate the links with its home town of Greenock.

Morton won the Scottish Cup in 1922, and achieved its highest league finish in 1916–17, as runners-up to champions Celtic. Morton holds the record for the most promotions to and relegations from the top flight (10 promotions and 10 relegations), but has not competed in the top flight of the Scottish football league system since 1988. In 2014–15, Morton won its tenth league title in all divisions by winning the Scottish League One championship on the final day.
Erethizon
Erethizon is a genus of New World porcupine and the only one of its family to be found north of southern Mexico. The North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is the only extant species, but at least four extinct relatives are known, the oldest dating to the Late Pliocene. Porcupines entered North America during the Great American Interchange after the Isthmus of Panama rose 3 million years ago. Early species of the genus retained an elongate tail, unlike E. dorsatum.

Isthmus of Panama
The Isthmus of Panama, historically known as the Isthmus of Darien, is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. The country of Panama is located on the isthmus, along with the Panama Canal. Like several isthmuses on Earth, as a relatively narrow land bridge between close seas, it is a location of great geopolitical and strategic importance.

The isthmus is thought to have formed around 3 million years ago (Ma), separating the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and causing the creation of the Gulf Stream, as first suggested in 1910 by Henry Fairfield Osborn. Osborn based the proposal on the fossil record of mammals in Central America, a conclusion that would provide a foundation for Alfred Wegener when he proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912. Some recent studies suggest an earlier formation of the isthmus, potentially as far back as 19 Ma.
De Havilland Hercules
The de Havilland DH.66 Hercules was a British 1920s seven-passenger, trimotor airliner built by de Havilland Aircraft Company. With the Hercules, Imperial Airways took over responsibility for the airmail service from the Royal Air Force, which had been operating the obsolete Airco DH.10 Amiens.

The Hercules effectively provided long-distance service to far-flung regions for Imperial Airways. Although slow, they pointed the way for future airliners.

South African Air Force
The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the air warfare branch of South African National Defence Force, with its headquarters in Pretoria. The South African Air Force was established on 1 February 1920. The Air Force saw service in World War II and the Korean War. From 1966, the SAAF was involved in providing infantry support in the low-intensity Border War in Angola, South-West Africa and Rhodesia. As the war progressed, the intensity of air operations increased, until in the late 1980s when the SAAF were compelled to fly fighter missions against Angolan aircraft in order to maintain tactical air superiority. On conclusion of the Border War in 1990, aircraft numbers were severely reduced due to economic pressures as well as the cessation of hostilities with neighbouring states.
Louping ill
Louping-ill (/ˈlaʊpɪŋɪl/) is an acute viral disease primarily of sheep that is characterized by a biphasic fever, depression, ataxia, muscular incoordination, tremors, posterior paralysis, coma, and death. Louping-ill is a tick-transmitted disease whose occurrence is closely related to the distribution of the primary vector, the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus. It also causes disease in red grouse, and can affect humans. The name 'louping-ill' is derived from an old Scottish word describing the effect of the disease in sheep whereby they 'loup' or spring into the air.

Paralysis
Paralysis (pl.: paralyses; also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage. In the United States, roughly 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed with some form of permanent or transient paralysis. The word "paralysis" derives from the Greek παράλυσις, meaning "disabling of the nerves" from παρά (para) meaning "beside, by" and λύσις (lysis) meaning "making loose". A paralysis accompanied by involuntary tremors is usually called "palsy".