hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gray-box testing
Gray-box testing is a software testing method used to search for defects due to improper structure or application usage, where the tester has partial knowledge of the internal structure of the software. It is a combination of white-box testing, where the tester has broad access to the internal structure of the application, and black-box testing, where tester is unaware of the structure.

The knowledge available to gray-box testers may comprise both high-level and detailed documentation, such as software architecture, Unified Modeling Language (UML) models, Web Services Description Language (WSDL) information and state models. Testing tools and techniques include exception handling, regression testing, functional testing, and orthogonal array testing.

Gray-box testing is particularly used for testing web applications, that have distributed networks, and no source code or binaries that would allow for white box testing.

Exception handling
In computing and computer programming, exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – during the execution of a program. In general, an exception breaks the normal flow of execution and executes a pre-registered exception handler; the details of how this is done depend on whether it is a hardware or software exception and how the software exception is implemented.

Exceptions are defined by different layers of a computer system, and the typical layers are CPU-defined interrupts, operating system (OS)-defined signals, programming language-defined exceptions. Each layer requires different ways of exception handling although they may be interrelated, e.g. a CPU interrupt could be turned into an OS signal. Some exceptions, especially hardware ones, may be handled so gracefully that execution can resume where it was interrupted.
Lasthenia ferrisiae
Lasthenia ferrisiae is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Ferris' goldfields. It is endemic to the California Central Valley, where it grows in vernal pools and alkali flats.

Dry lake
A dry lake bed, also known as a playa (/ˈplaɪ-ə/), is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline compounds, it is known as an alkali flat. If covered with salt, it is known as a salt flat.
Trevinca
Peña Trevinca (Galician: Pena Trevinca), also known as Trevinca, is a mountain in northern Spain. It is located at the confluence of the Montes de León and the Macizo Galaico on the boundary between the autonomous communities of Galicia and Castile and León.  It is the highest mountain in Galicia and in the province of Zamora.

The mountain has a 22,510 ha bird-life Special Protection Area.

Special Protection Area
A special protection area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with special areas of conservation (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called Natura 2000. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code UK9009031.
Cassidy (miniseries)
Cassidy is a 1989 mini series, screened on ABC Television in Australia, based on the 1986 novel of the same title by Morris West. It told the story of Charles Parnell Cassidy, a fictitious premier of New South Wales. It screened on BBC One in May 1990.

Premier of New South Wales
The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.

Before Federation in 1901, the term "prime minister of New South Wales" was also used. "Premier" has been used more or less exclusively from 1901, to avoid confusion with the federal prime minister of Australia.

The current premier is Chris Minns, the leader of the New South Wales Labor Party, who assumed office on 28 March 2023. Minns defeated Dominic Perrottet at the election held on 25 March 2023, after twelve years of Liberal/National Coalition rule.
Hiba Abu Taha
Hiba Abu Taha (Arabic: هبة أبوطه) is a Jordanian freelance investigative journalist. In 2024, she became the first journalist to be convicted under 2023 cybercrime law after publishing two articles criticising the Jordanian government's actions during the Gaza war.

Politics of Jordan
The politics of Jordan take place in a framework of a parliamentary monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Jordan is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy based on the constitution promulgated on January 8, 1952. The king exercises his power through the government he appoints which is responsible before the Parliament. In contrast to most parliamentary monarchies, the monarchy of Jordan is not ceremonial, with the King having significant influence over the affairs of the country.

King Abdullah II of Jordan has been sovereign since the death of his father, King Hussein, in 1999. Jafar Hassan has been prime minister since 15 September 2024.
Nhạc đỏ
Nhạc đỏ or literally "red music", is the common name of the revolutionary music (nhạc cách mạng) genre in Vietnam. Red music was formed during the communist Việt Minh and the First Indochina War and later strongly promoted across communist North Vietnam during the Vietnam War, to urge Northerners to achieve reunification under the Workers' Party of Vietnam and fight against the "American imperialist puppet" in South Vietnam. Other forms of non-traditional, non-revolutionary music and culture in the North, like Vietnamese popular music and Western music and culture, were banned, being labelled as "counter-revolutionary", "bourgeois", or "capitalist".

One of the earliest composers of revolutionary songs was Đinh Nhu (1910–1945). Trọng Tấn (born 1976) is considered the young "Hoàng tử nhạc đỏ" (Prince of Red Music).

Revolutionary song
Revolutionary songs are political songs that advocate or praise revolutions. They are used to boost morale and spread political propaganda or agitation. Amongst the most well-known revolutionary songs are "La Marseillaise" and "The Internationale". Many protest songs can be considered revolutionary – or later become canonized as revolutionary songs following a successful revolution. On the other hand, once a revolution is established, some of the aspects of protest song may be considered counter-revolutionary.

Revolutionary songs are a notable part of propaganda. The singing of such songs is often considered as a demonstrative or revolutionary action. Such songs have been known to lend solidarity to disjointed political communities. Some revolutionary songs have appeared spontaneously; others have been written by notable authors, such as Bertolt Brecht. Revolutionary songs are frequently targeted at certain governments.
Rohitha Bogollagama
Chandrasekera Rohitha Bandara Bogollagama (born 6 August 1954) (known as Rohitha Bogollagama) (Sinhala: රෝහිත බෝගොල්ලාගම, Tamil: ரோகித போகோல்லாகம) is a Sri Lankan lawyer and politician. He is a former Governor of Eastern Province, having earlier served as the Cabinet Minister of Foreign Affairs from 28 January 2007 until he was defeated in the General Elections held on 8 April 2010, losing his seat in parliament.

He had a long career in law, from 1976 to 1999, before being elected to the Sri Lankan parliament in 2000 from the United National Party, and then crossed over to Sri Lanka Freedom Party, serving as the chief organiser for the Kotte Electorate.

As of 2025, Bogollagama was indicted in Sri Lanka on corruption charges related to his tenure as Investment Promotion Minister.

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, romanised: Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; Tamil: இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, romanised: Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Kaṭci) is a centre-left political party in Sri Lanka. Founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike in 1951, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties from the 1950s to the 2010s, serving as the main rival of the centre-right United National Party. Following a split in the late 2010s and subsequent electoral losses, the influence of the party has since diminished.

The party is generally considered as having a democratic socialist or progressive economic agenda and is often associated with Sinhalese nationalist parties. The party follows a non-aligned foreign policy but has historically had close ties to socialist nations.
Webster Street station
The Webster Street station was a train station located at Webster and North 15th Streets in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. Located on the Omaha Belt Line, which was operated by the Omaha Road and the Missouri Pacific Railroad as a local railroad passenger depot, the station was built in 1887. In 1902 the New York Times noted the station for its innovations in the treatment of passenger luggage.

The Swedes in Omaha used the Webster Street Station to connect with their ethnic communities in Oakland, Pender, Wakefield, and Wausa.

Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway
The Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway or Omaha Road (reporting mark CMO) was a railroad in the U.S. states of Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and South Dakota. It was incorporated in 1880 as a consolidation of the Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis Railway and the North Wisconsin Railway. The Chicago and North Western Railway (C&NW) gained control in 1882. The C&NW leased the Omaha Road in 1957 and merged the company into itself in 1972.

Today, portions of the C. St. P. M. and O. are part of the Union Pacific Railroad network, including  main lines from Wyeville, Wisconsin, to St. Paul, Minnesota, and St. Paul to Sioux City, Iowa.
Titanotylopus
Titanotylopus is an extinct genus of camel (tribe Camelini), endemic to North America from the late Hemphillian stage of the Miocene through the Irvingtonian stage of the Pleistocene. It was one of the last surviving North American camels; after its extinction, only Camelops remained.

Its name is derived from the Greek words Τιτάν, τύλος and πούς — "Titan", "knob" and "foot";, respectively, thus, "giant knobby-foot".

Hemphillian
The Hemphillian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is a North American  faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 10,300,000 to 4,900,000 years BP. It is usually considered to overlap the Tortonian age of the Late Miocene and Zanclean age of the Early Pliocene. The Hemphillian is preceded by the Clarendonian and followed by the Blancan NALMA stages.

The Hemphillian can be further divided into the substages of:

Late/Upper Hemphillian: Lower boundary source of the base of the Hemphillian (approximate).

late Early Hemphillian: Lower boundary source of the base of the Hemphillian (approximate). Upper boundary source: base of Blancan (approximate).

early Early Hemphillian: Upper boundary source: base of Blancan (approximate).
Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure
Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure is a multiple-launch steel roller coaster located in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter – Hogsmeade section of Universal Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida. Manufactured by Intamin, the attraction opened to the public on June 13, 2019. The partially-enclosed motorbike coaster operates both indoor and outdoor, and it is the sixth Harry Potter-themed attraction created for the resort. Universal marketed the ride as "a highly-themed roller coaster" that focuses on "a different corner of the wizarding world".

Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure replaced Dragon Challenge, a pair of intertwined inverted roller coasters that closed on September 4, 2017. It debuted with a record-breaking seven launches and reaches a maximum speed of 50 mph (80 km/h).

Mark Williams (actor)
Mark Williams  is an English actor, comedian, presenter and screenwriter. He first achieved widespread recognition as one of the central performers in the BBC sketch show The Fast Show. His film roles include Horace in 101 Dalmatians (1996) and Arthur Weasley in seven of the Harry Potter films. He appeared in Doctor Who and Red Dwarf. Since 2013, Williams has portrayed the title character in the long-running BBC series loosely based on the Father Brown short stories by G. K. Chesterton.
Trypanophora semihyalina
Trypanophora semihyalina is a species of moth in the family Zygaenidae. It is found in south-east Asia, including India, China, Hong Kong and parts of Taiwan.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Barringtonia acutangula, Bombax ceiba, Careya, Carissa carandas, Gardenia, Holarrhena, Lagerstroemia (including Lagerstroemia indica and Lagerstroemia speciosa), Ricinus communis, Rosa, Shorea robusta, Terminalia (including Terminalia catappa and Terminalia tomentosa) and Ziziphus (including Ziziphus mauritiana).

Ziziphus
Ziziphus /ˈzɪzɪfəs/ is a genus  of spiny shrubs and small trees in the buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae. It includes 68 species native to tropical and subtropical Africa, Eurasia, and Australia and tropical South America. The leaves are alternate, entire, with three prominent basal veins, and often aromatic. The flowers are small, inconspicuous yellow-green. The fruit is an edible drupe, often very sweet and sugary, reminiscent of a date in texture and flavour.

Well known species include the commonly cultivated Ziziphus jujuba (jujube), Ziziphus spina-christi from southwestern Asia, Ziziphus lotus from the Mediterranean region, and ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), which is found from western Africa to India.
Kim Yong-hee (activist)
Kim Yong-hee (Korean: 김용희) is a South Korean labor rights activist and protester. He was employed at Samsung Aerospace from 1982 to 1995, when he was dismissed for attempting to organize a labor union. Kim had also claimed that Samsung had filed defamation lawsuits against him, alongside claims of sexual assault and accusations of spying.

Kim began a series of sit-ins and hunger strikes after his firing in 1995, largely focused on Samsung. Since June 2019, he has been living atop a 25-metre (82 ft) traffic camera tower overlooking an intersection in Seoul while protesting Samsung activities. His platform on the tower includes a sleeping bag, placards, a megaphone, and necessary supplies that are replenished by rope. Samsung Electronics vice chairman Lee Jae-yong announced in May 2020 that the company would end its policy of suppressing the creation of labor unions.

Hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers.

In cases where an entity (usually the state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding.
Jelavić
Jelavić is a primarily Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anđa Jelavić (born 1980), Croatian women's basketball player

Ante Jelavić (born 1963), Bosnian Croat politician

Igor Jelavić (born 1962), Croatian footballer

Mario Jelavić (born 1993), Croatian footballer

Matko Jelavić (born 1950), Croatian singer, songwriter, composer and drummer

Nikica Jelavić (born 1985), Croatian footballer

Ante Jelavić
Ante Jelavić (born 21 August 1963) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as the 2nd Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1998 to 2001. He was the youngest person to hold the office of Presidency member and also the youngest Presidency member at the end of his tenure.

Jelavić previously served as the Federal Minister of Defence from 1996 to 1998. He was also president of the Croatian Democratic Union from 1998 to 2002.
White-eared brown dove
The white-eared brown dove (Phapitreron leucotis) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines where it is found across most of the country except Palawan, Sulu and Batanes. Its habitat is in lowland and montane forests. This species population is decreasing in number due to habitat loss, hunting and the capture for the illegal wildlife trade.

It is illegal to hunt, capture or possess white-eared brown doves under Philippine Law RA 9147.

Sulu
Sulu ([sʊˈlu]), officially the Province of Sulu (Tausūg: Wilaya' sin Lupa' Sūg; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Sulu; Chavacano: Provincia de Sulu); is a province of the Philippines in the Sulu Archipelago and part of the Zamboanga Peninsula region.

It was part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), until the Supreme Court of the Philippines on September 9, 2024, declared its inclusion to be unconstitutional because of the province's simple majority vote against it during the 2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite.

Its capital is Jolo on the island of the same name. Maimbung, the royal capital of the Sultanate of Sulu, is also located in the province. Sulu is along the southern border of the Sulu Sea and the northern boundary of the Celebes Sea.
Welcome (Taproot album)
Welcome is the second studio album by American alternative metal band Taproot. It was released on October 15, 2002. "Poem" served as the album's lead single and reached No. 5 on the Mainstream Rock chart, propelling the group to mainstream success. A follow-up single, "Mine," was released and its video was directed by System of a Down bassist Shavo Odadjian. A third single and video was announced for "Art," but Atlantic pulled the plug soon after the announcement, further irking fans who claimed the label was holding Taproot back. Welcome remains Taproot's most successful record, selling over 475,000 copies.

The band performed on the second part of Disturbed's Music as a Weapon Tour in promotion of the album.

Music as a Weapon
Music as a Weapon is a series of concert tours created by the American heavy metal band Disturbed. There have been seven editions of the tour, five in North America and two in Australasia. The name of the tour is from the lyrics of "Droppin' Plates" on Disturbed's first album, The Sickness.
Louis T. Wright
Louis Tompkins Wright (July 23, 1891 – October 8, 1952) was an American surgeon and civil rights activist. In his position at Harlem Hospital he was the first African-American on the surgical staff of a non-segregated hospital in New York City. He was influential for his medical research as well as his efforts pushing for racial equality in medicine and involvement with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which he served as chairman for nearly two decades.

Racial equality
Racial equality is when people of all races and ethnicities are treated in an egalitarian/equal manner. Racial equality occurs when institutions give individuals legal, moral, and political rights. In present-day Western society, equality among races continues to become normative. Prior to the early 1960s, attaining equality was difficult for African, Asian, and Indigenous people. However, in more recent years, legislation is being passed ensuring that all individuals receive equal opportunities in treatment, education, employment, and other areas of life. Racial equality can refer to equal opportunities or formal equality based on race or refer to equal representation or equality of outcomes for races, also called substantive equality.
Hee-sun
Hee-sun, also spelled Hui-seon, is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Kim Heesun (born 1972), South Korean writer

Kim Hee-sun (born 1977), South Korean actress

HeeSun Lee (born 1983), South Korean-born American singer

Jang Hee-sun (born 1986), South Korean field hockey player

Joo Hee-sun, South Korean music video director

Fictional characters with this name include:

Ahn Hee-sun, in 2013 South Korean television series All About My Romance

Moon Hee-sun, in 2013 South Korean television series That Winter, the Wind Blows

HeeSun Lee
Hee-Sun Lee (born June 4, 1983), known professionally by the stage name HeeSun Lee, is an American Christian hip hop musician. Her first studio album released by Jahrock'n in 2008, Re:Defined.. She released, Stereotypes, in 2014, with In My City Records. This was her Billboard chart breakthrough release.
Hello Naan Pei Pesuren
Hello Naan Pei Pesuren (transl. Hello, I am a ghost speaking) is a 2016 Indian Tamil language comedy horror film written and directed by S. Baskar and produced by Sundar C, under the banner Avni Cine Makers. Music was composed by Siddharth Vipin, cinematography was handled by Banu Murugan and editing by N. B. Srikanth. Vaibhav plays the male lead, Oviya and Aishwarya Rajesh are the two female leads, and VTV Ganesh and Karunakaran play supporting roles. In the film, the hero interacts with a ghost when he accidentally finds a 'horror-filled' mobile phone. The film was released on 1 April 2016.

Vaibhav Reddy
A. Sumanth Reddy (born 21 April 1978), better known as Vaibhav, is an Indian actor who works primarily in Tamil and Telugu films. He made his debut with the Telugu film Godava (2007) under his father, A. Kodandarami Reddy's direction. He is best known for his performances in Venkat Prabhu films Saroja (2008), Goa (2010), Mankatha (2011) and Chennai 600028 II (2016).
Snubnose darter
The snubnose darter (Etheostoma simoterum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the southeastern United States.

The snubnose darter currently has no recognized subspecies, though there used to be two. A former subspecies, the Cumberland snubnose darter, has been promoted to a full species as E. atripinne.  Intergradation between the two subspecies occurs in the lower Tennessee River unit.  The mean length of snubnose darters is 45 millimetres (1.8 in), the reported average clutch size is 152, and the maximum age is less than two years. The snubnose darter inhabits riffles and rock-bottomed pools in streams with low turbidity. As of 2000, the snubnose darter was listed as currently stable, meaning it is widespread and not in need of any immediate conservation action.

Etheostomatinae
Etheostomatinae is a species-rich subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fish, the members of which are commonly known as the darters. The subfamily is part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. The family is endemic to North America. It consists of three to five different genera and well over 200 species. A common name for these fish in southern Indiana is pollywog.
1898 Wyoming state elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 8, 1898. All of the state's executive officers—the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction—were up for election. The Republican Party retained all of the offices up for election, though by reduced margins from 1894 as the Populist Party's performance decreased considerably.

1894 Wyoming state elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 6, 1894. All of the state's executive officers—the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction—were up for election. The Republican Party, helped by the strong performance of the Populist Party, which operated as a spoiler to the Democratic Party, won back the governorship and improved its margin of victory in all other statewide offices.