hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grand Entrance to Birkenhead Park
The Grand Entrance to Birkenhead Park is at the northeast entrance to Birkenhead Park in Birkenhead, Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It consists of three arches flanked by lodges and is in Ionic style.  The entrance was designed by Lewis Hornblower, with amendments by Joseph Paxton, the designer of the park.  The park, and its entrance, were opened in 1847.  The Grand Entrance is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

Lewis Hornblower
Lewis Hornblower (1823–1879) was a Liverpool architect, who along with French landscape architect Édouard André was responsible for the design of Sefton Park in Liverpool.

Hornblower who had been involved with both Birkenhead Park, in Birkenhead, where he had designed the Grand Entrance, and Princes Park, in Liverpool, where he had been involved in architectural work on features such as gates, bridges and lodge houses.

Hornblower and André's entry was successful from the twenty nine competition entries received by Liverpool Corporation from across the United Kingdom in 1867. A prize of 300 guineas was awarded.
Joe Hogsett
Joseph Hadden Hogsett (born November 2, 1956) is an American attorney, prosecutor, and politician who is the 49th mayor of Indianapolis, Indiana. Prior to being elected mayor, Hogsett served as the secretary of state of Indiana from 1989 to 1994 and as the chairman of the Indiana Democratic Party from 2003 to 2004. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for the U.S. Senate in 1992, for Indiana's 2nd congressional district in 1994 and for attorney general of Indiana in 2004. He served as the United States attorney for the Southern District of Indiana from 2010 to 2014. He was elected mayor of Indianapolis in the 2015 election. He won reelection to a second term in 2019 and third term in 2023.

The Indianapolis Star
The Indianapolis Star (also known as IndyStar) is a morning daily newspaper that began publishing on June 6, 1903, in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It has been the only major daily paper in the city since 1999, when the Indianapolis News ceased publication. It won the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2021 and the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting twice, in 1975 and 1991. It is currently owned by Gannett.
Chiayi Air Base
Chiayi Air Base (Chinese: 嘉義空軍基地) is an air base of the Republic of China Air Force that is co-located with Chiayi Airport in Chiayi County, Taiwan. A number of US Air Force units have been stationed at Chiayi Air Base, including the 67th Fighter-Bomber Squadron from 27 January – 17 February 1955 and 1 July – 1 October 1955. 19 February – 1 March 1958, Reconnaissance Task Force KENTUCKY, Kentucky Air National Guard deployed to Taoyuan and Chiayi Air Bases. 4 March 1955, 310th Fighter-Bomber Squadron deployed from Osan Air Base, South Korea, to Chiayi Air Force Base for air defense missions.

Between January 1955 and July 1968, the 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing and 18th Tactical Fighter Wing was temporary task assignments (TDY)  from Naha Air Base and Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, fighter jets are frequently rotated to Chiayi Air Base every 60-90 days.

Kadena Air Base
Kadena Air Base (嘉手納飛行場, Kadena Hikōjō) (IATA: DNA, ICAO: RODN) is a United States Air Force base in the towns of Kadena and Chatan and the city of Okinawa, in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It is often referred to as the "Keystone of the Pacific" because of its highly strategic location. It is located 650 km (400 mi) off the coast of China and at a distance of 770 km (480 mi) from Shanghai, a major Chinese economic hub. It is home to the USAF's 18th Wing, the 353rd Special Operations Wing, reconnaissance units, 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment, and a variety of associated units. Over 20,000 American servicemembers, family members, and Japanese employees live or work at Kadena Air Base. It is the largest and most active U.S. Air Force base in East Asia.
David Reivers
David Reivers (born 21 November 1958) is a Jamaican–American actor and the father of fellow actor Corbin Bleu. He is best known for co-starring as his real-life son's father in the Disney Channel Original Movie Jump In! and High School Musical 3: Senior Year, and in Free Style. He also had a recurring role as Bob Cowan in the supernatural television series Charmed (2001–02).

Jamaican Americans
Jamaican Americans are an ethnic group of Caribbean Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry. The largest proportions of Jamaican Americans live in South Florida and New York City, both of which have been home to large Jamaican communities since the 1950s and the 1960s. There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New Jersey, Georgia, Maryland, and California.

The vast majority of Jamaican Americans are of Afro-Caribbean descent, although smaller numbers are of full or partial Indian Jamaican, Chinese Jamaican, European and Lebanese descent.
Sturgis, Saskatchewan
Sturgis is a town of 620 people in east-central Saskatchewan, Canada. The Town of Sturgis is 95 kilometres (59 mi) north of Yorkton on Highway 9. It is located in the Assiniboine River valley near the Lakes and Woods region of the province.

The community was named for Sturgis, South Dakota, where Fred Clyde Brooks, the first postmaster, had been raised.

The Sturgis railway station receives scheduled Via Rail service.

Via Rail
Via Rail Canada Inc. (reporting mark VIA) (/ˈviːə/), operating as Via Rail or Via (stylized as VIA Rail), is a Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail service in Canada.

As of December 2023, Via Rail operates 406 trains per week  across eight Canadian provinces and 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) of track, 97 percent of which is owned and maintained by other railway companies, mostly by Canadian National Railway (CN). Via Rail carried approximately 4.1 million passengers in 2023, 96 percent of which were along the Corridor routes connecting the major cities of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, and had an on-time performance of 85.4 per cent. Attracting international tourism forms an important part of Via Rail's long distance trans-continental services.
Youyang anti-missionary riot
The Youyang anti-missionary riot (Chinese: 酉阳教案) occurred in Youyang, 365 kilometres (227 mi) southeast of Chongqing, Sichuan Province, China in 1865. It was one of many riots in and around Chongqing in the 19th century.

Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County
Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, or Youyang County for short (simplified Chinese: 酉阳土家族苗族自治县; traditional Chinese: 酉陽土家族苗族自治縣; pinyin: YǒuYáng Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn) is located in southeastern Chongqing Municipality, southwest China, bordering the provinces of Hunan to the east and Guizhou to the southwest.

The county spans an area of 5,173 km2 (1,997 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 854,400 people as of 2018.
Lebaudy Morning Post
The Lebaudy Morning Post was a French semi-rigid airship built for the British Army in Moisson, France, by  manufacturers Lebaudy Frères. The airship was commissioned by the newspaper The Morning Post, who created a fund to purchase the airship and present it to the British Army. The airship's envelope was damaged on the delivery flight and then it was destroyed on a subsequent trial flight after repair.  At the time of construction it was the largest airship that had been built in France.

Semi-rigid airship
A semi-rigid airship is an airship which has a stiff keel or truss supporting the main envelope along its length. The keel may be partially flexible or articulated and may be located inside or outside the main envelope. The outer shape of the airship is maintained by gas pressure, as with the non-rigid "blimp". Semi-rigid dirigibles were built in significant quantity from the late 19th century but in the late 1930s they fell out of favour along with rigid airships. No more were constructed until the semi-rigid design was revived by the Zeppelin NT in 1997.

Semi-rigid construction is lighter-weight than the outer framework of a rigid airship, while it allows greater loading than a non-rigid type.
2002 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 2002 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 27 July 2002. It was the 52nd King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was Executors of The Late Lord Weinstock's Golan, a four-year-old bay colt trained at Newmarket, Suffolk by Michael Stoute and ridden by Kieren Fallon. Golan's victory was the first in the race for Fallon and the third for Stoute after Shergar (1981) and the second for the Aga Khan after Shergar (1981) and Opera House (1993). The Weinstock colours had previously been carried to victory in the race by Troy in 1979 and Ela-Mana-Mou in 1980.

Troy (horse)
Troy (25 March 1976 – 12 May 1983) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from 1978 to 1979, he ran eleven times and won eight races. He is most notable for his form in the summer of 1979, when he won the 200th running of the Derby and subsequently added victories in the Irish Derby, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and the Benson and Hedges Gold Cup. He was retired to stud at the end of the season. His career as a stallion lasted only four years before he died in 1983.
2024 Women's Basketball League Africa
The 2024 Women's Basketball League Africa was the 28th season of this competition for women's teams in Africa. The tournament began on 6 December and ended on 15 December 2024, and was held in Dakar, Senegal.

Sporting Alexandria were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage this time round.

Mozambican side Ferroviário de Maputo won their third title after defeating Al Ahly of Egypt 81–72 in the final.

Al Ahly Women's Basketball
Al Ahly Women's Basketball (Arabic: النادي الأهلي لكرة السلة للسيدات) is a basketball club located in Cairo, Egypt that currently plays in the Egyptian Basketball League Top Division. The club, nicknamed The Red Devils, won the Arab Women's Club Basketball Championship in 1996. The club is also the 16-time winner of the Women's Egypt Basketball League and the 13-time winner of the Egypt Basketball Cup. The current club president is Mahmoud El Khatib.
1966 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1966 UCI Road World Championships was the 33rd edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 28 August 1966 in Adenau, West Germany. The race was won by Rudi Altig of West Germany.

Adenau
Adenau (German: [ˈaːdənaʊ] ⓘ) is a town in the High Eifel in Germany. It is known as the Johanniterstadt because the Order of Saint John was based there in the Middle Ages. The town's coat of arms combines the black cross of the Electorate of Cologne with the lion of the lords of Nürburg. The northern loop of the Nürburgring lies just outside the town.

The Breidscheid section of Adenau was a separate municipality until 1952. The lords of Breidscheid are mentioned in the 13th century. The chapel of Breidscheid is dedicated to Saints Roch and Sebastian and was built in 1630 as a plague chapel.
Eliane Plewman
Éliane Sophie Plewman (6 December 1917 – 13 September 1944) was a British agent of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and a member of the French Resistance working as a courier for the "MONK circuit" in occupied France during World War II. SOE's objective was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance against the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany in occupied Europe and to aid local resistance movements.
Plewman was captured by the Gestapo, and later executed by the SS in Dachau.

Sabotage
Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization,  destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction. One who engages in sabotage is a saboteur. Saboteurs typically try to conceal their identities because of the consequences of their actions and to avoid invoking legal and organizational requirements for addressing sabotage.
José Agüero (Cuban tennis player)
José Agüero is a Cuban former tennis player.

Agüero had an intermittent Davis Cup career, featuring in a total of eight ties between 1935 and 1952. In 1946 he was runner-up to Mexico's Anselmo Puente in the singles event at the Central American and Caribbean Games in Barranquilla, but won a gold medal in the doubles, partnering Ricardo Morales.

1946 Central American and Caribbean Games
The fifth Central American and Caribbean Games were held in Barranquilla, Colombia, from 5 March to 25 March 1946. These games featured 1,540 athletes from thirteen nations, competing in seventeen sports.
2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's decathlon
The men's decathlon event at the 2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Bydgoszcz, Poland, at Zawisza Stadium on 9 and 10 July.  Junior implements were used, i.e. 99.0 cm (3'3) hurdles, 6 kg shot and 1.75 kg discus.

Stadion Miejski im. Zdzisława Krzyszkowiaka
The Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Municipal Stadium (Polish: Stadion Miejski im. Zdzisława Krzyszkowiaka) is a multi-use stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It was completed in 1960 with a capacity of about 35,944 on wooden benches. The stadium was completely rebuilt in 2007–2008, and the current seating capacity is 20,187 people. It is currently used for football matches and track and field events. The stadium is named after Polish Olympic gold medal-winning runner Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak.
Nonlinear acoustics
Nonlinear acoustics (NLA) is a branch of physics and acoustics dealing with sound waves of sufficiently large amplitudes. Large amplitudes require using full systems of governing equations of fluid dynamics (for sound waves in liquids and gases) and elasticity (for sound waves in solids). These equations are generally nonlinear, and their traditional linearization is no longer possible. The solutions of these equations show that, due to the effects of nonlinearity, sound waves are being distorted as they travel.

Linearization
In mathematics, linearization (British English: linearisation) is finding the linear approximation to a function at a given point. The linear approximation of a function is the first order Taylor expansion around the point of interest. In the study of dynamical systems, linearization is a method for assessing the local stability of an equilibrium point of a system of nonlinear differential equations or discrete dynamical systems.  This method is used in fields such as engineering, physics, economics, and ecology.
Diva Amon
Diva Joan Amon is a marine biologist from Trinidad. She is currently a post-doctoral researcher in the Benioff Ocean Initiative at the University of California, Santa Barbara and a 2022 Pew Marine Fellow. Previously, she was a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Research Fellow at the Natural History Museum, London.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
Baryliv
Baryliv (Ukrainian: Бари́лів) is a small village (selo) in Sheptytskyi Raion, Lviv Oblast of Western Ukraine. It belongs to Lopatyn settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The area of the village is just 1,48 km2 and the population of village is just about 295 persons. Local government is administered by Barylivska village council.

Radekhiv Raion
Radekhiv Raion (Ukrainian: Радехівський район) was a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Radekhiv. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Radekhiv Raion was merged into Chervonohrad Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 46,634 (2020 est.).

It was established in 1965.

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Lopatyn settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Lopatyn;

Radekhiv urban hromada with the administration in Radekhiv.
Short Line Subdivision
Short Line Subdivision refers to the following CSX Transportation lines:

Short Line Subdivision (Ohio), formerly the Cleveland Short Line Railway

Short Line Subdivision (West Virginia), formerly the West Virginia Short Line Railroad

Short Line Subdivision (West Virginia)
The Short Line Subdivision is a railroad line owned and operated by CSX Transportation in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The line runs from Clarksburg west to New Martinsville along a former Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road line. Its east end is at the west end of the Bridgeport Subdivision; its west end is at the Ohio River Subdivision.
Griffith Lake
Griffith Lake is a small lake and campsite located in the towns of Peru and Mount Tabor, Vermont, in the Green Mountain National Forest.  The site lies on the Long Trail/Appalachian Trail.  The area is maintained  by the Green Mountain Club and has an on-site caretaker to maintain the tent sites, outhouse, composting toilets, and trails during the peak season.  During that time, there is a $5 charge for the overnight use of the tent platforms and nearby lean-to shelter.  As there are no 'safe' water sources, hikers should be prepared to use a camping-grade water purification system, or to boil their water.

Access to Griffith lake is through a combination walking/snowmobile trail.  Horses, motorized vehicles, and mountain bikes are not permitted on the access trail.

Long Trail
The Long Trail is a hiking trail located in Vermont, running the length of the state. It is the oldest long-distance trail in the United States, constructed between 1910 and 1930 by the Green Mountain Club (GMC). The club remains the primary organization responsible for the trail, and is recognized by the state legislature as "the founder, sponsor, defender, and protector" of the Long Trail System. The long trail sees 410,000 people annually.
Punch-down block
A punch-down block (also punchdown block, punch block, punchblock, quick-connect block and other variations) is a type of electrical connection often used in telephony. It is named because the solid copper wires are "punched down" into short open-ended slots which are a type of insulation-displacement connector. These slots, usually cut crosswise (not lengthwise) across an insulating plastic bar, contain two sharp metal blades which cut through the wire's insulation as it is punched down. These blades hold the wire in position and make the electrical contact with the wire as well.

Telephony
Telephony (/təˈlɛfəni/ tə-LEF-ə-nee) is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment of telecommunications services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties. The history of telephony is intimately linked to the invention and development of the telephone.

Telephony is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones and telephonic systems and as a system of telecommunications in which telephonic equipment is employed in the transmission of speech or other sound between points, with or without the use of wires. The term is also used frequently to refer to computer hardware, software, and computer network systems, that perform functions traditionally performed by telephone equipment. In this context the technology is specifically referred to as Internet telephony, or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Aziatic
Aziatic is the fourth solo studio album by American rapper AZ. It was released on June 11, 2002 via Motown. Recording sessions took place at Sweet Mountain Studios in Englewood and Power Station in New York. Production was handled by Chop D.I.E.S.E.L., Buckwild, Miller Time, Precison, Baby Paul, DR Period, L.E.S., Mike Risko, Portiay and Big Joe, with Damian "Deo" Blyden, Kedar Massenburg and AZ serving as executive producers. It features guest appearances from Animal, DJ Rogers Jr., El Shabar, Nas and Trav.

The album peaked at number 29 on the Billboard 200 and number 5 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. Its lead single, "I'm Back", made it to number 63 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The song "The Essence" off of the album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards, but lost to Outkast's "The Whole World".

The Whole World
"The Whole World" is the first single released from American hip hop duo Outkast's first compilation album, Big Boi and Dre Present... Outkast (2001). The song was written by Outkast, produced by Earthtone III, and features Killer Mike and Joi. Upon its release as a single in November 2001, "The Whole World" peaked at number 19 on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. The song won the 2003 Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.
Western citril
The western citril (Crithagra frontalis), also known as the yellow-browed citril, is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae.  It is found in central Africa.

The western citril was formerly placed in the genus Serinus but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the western citril were moved to the resurrected genus Crithagra.

Serinus
Serinus is a genus of small birds in the finch family Fringillidae found in West Asia, Europe and Africa. The birds usually have some yellow in their plumage. The genus was introduced in 1816 by the German naturalist Carl Ludwig Koch. Its name is Neo-Latin for "canary-yellow".

Many species were at one time assigned to the genus but it became clear from phylogenetic studies of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences that the genus was polyphyletic. This was confirmed by Dario Zuccon and coworkers in a comprehensive study of the finch family published in 2012. The authors suggested splitting the genus into two monophyletic groups, a proposal that was accepted by the International Ornithologists' Union. The genus Serinus was restricted to the European serin and seven other species while a larger clade from Africa and Arabia was assigned to the resurrected genus Crithagra.

The genus contains eight species:
Gim Myeong-hui
Gim Myeong-hui (1788–1857), also known as Kim Myeong-hui, was a calligrapher of the late Joseon Dynasty.  He was born into a yangban family of the Gyeongju Gim lineage, the son of Gim No-gyeong.  He passed the jinsa literary examination in 1810, and entered government service.  However, he never rose above the rank of hyeon magistrate.  Accompanying his father on a mission to the Qing Dynasty court in 1822, he struck up correspondences with leading Chinese calligraphers of the time, including Liu Xihai (zh:劉喜海).

Gim's elder brother Gim Jeong-hui was also known for his calligraphy.

Yangban
The yangban (Korean: 양반; Hanja: 兩班; IPA: [ja̠ŋba̠n]) were part of the traditional ruling class or gentry of dynastic Korea during the Joseon period. The yangban were mainly composed of highly educated civil officials and military officers—landed or unlanded aristocrats who individually exemplified the Korean Confucian form of a "scholarly official". They were largely government administrators and bureaucrats who oversaw medieval and early modern Korea's traditional agrarian bureaucracy until the end of the dynasty in 1897. In a broader sense, an office holder's family and descendants, as well as country families who claimed such descent, were socially accepted as yangban.

In contemporary Korean language, the term yangban can be used either as a compliment or insult.