hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paavola (surname)
Paavola is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eliisa Paavola (born 1976), Finnish painter

Matias Paavola (born 2000), Finnish footballer

Pekka Paavola (1933–2023), Finnish politician

Rodney Paavola (1939–1995), American ice hockey player

Satu Paavola (born 1970), Finnish actress

Tommi Paavola (born 1965), Finnish former footballer

Tommi Paavola
Tommi Paavola (born 9 December 1965) is a Finnish former football coach and a former professional footballer who played as a forward and midfielder. He was capped 19 times for the Finland national team. Besides in his native Finland, Paavola played in Germany, Belgium, France and Scotland. Paavola won one Finnish championship title with HJK Helsinki in 1988 and the Finnish Cup title with Jokerit in 1999. In total, he made 298 appearances and scored 62 goals in Finnish top-tiers Mestaruussarja and Veikkausliiga.
Qullpa K'uchu
Qullpa K'uchu or Qullpak'uchu (Quechua qullpa salpeter, k'uchu corner "salpeter corner", Hispanicized spelling Cullpacucho) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,300 metres (17,388 ft) high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, La Unión Province, Puyca District, and in the Cusco Region, Chumbivilcas Province, Santo Tomás District, and in the La Unión Province, Puyca District. It lies east of the mountain Minasniyuq.

The river Qañawimayu originates between the mountains Minasniyuq and Qullpa K'uchu at a height of 4,940 metres (16,207 ft). It is an important tributary of the Apurímac River, the source of the Amazon River.

Department of Arequipa
Arequipa (Quechua: Ariqipa) is a department of Peru. Located to the country's southwest, it is the sixth largest department in Peru, after Puno, Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, its sixth most populous department, and its eleventh least densely populated department. It is bordered by the departments of Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac and Cuzco to the north, Puno to the east, the Department of Moquegua to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital, also called Arequipa, is Peru's second-largest city.
DC Bird Alliance
DC Bird Alliance, formerly the Audubon Society of the District of Columbia and known as DC Audubon Society, is a local chapter of the National Audubon Society.  It was established in 1999.

Plans were announced to change the name of the organization in March 2023, and the new name was published in April 2024.

The organization's goal is to "build people-powered, bird-friendly communities in all eight wards of" the District of Columbia, with volunteers "committed to conservation, education, and advocacy".

It sponsors lectures, field trips and an annual winter bird count in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park.  DC Bird Alliance also works with area organizations on conservation programs, including restoring songbird habitat in Rock Creek Park.

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park is located in the District of Columbia and the state of Maryland. The park was established in 1961 as a National Monument by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to preserve the neglected remains of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and many of its original structures.

The canal and towpath trail extends along the Potomac River from the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C., to Cumberland, Maryland, a distance of 184.5 miles (296.9 km). In 2013, the path was designated as the first section of U.S. Bicycle Route 50. With over four million visitors in 2022, it is the most-visited unit that is designated a national historical park of the National Park Service.
Belfrage
Belfrage is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cedric Belfrage (1904–1990), British journalist, socialist, author and translator

Clare Belfrage, Australian glass artist

Bruce Belfrage (1900–1974), English actor and newsreader

Erik Belfrage (1946–2020), Swedish diplomat and banking executive

Frank Belfrage (born 1942), Swedish ambassador and politician

Fredrik Belfrage (born 1949), Swedish TV and radio presenter

Gustav Wilhelm Belfrage (1834–1882), American insect collector

Henry Belfrage (1774–1835), Scottish theologian

Nicolas Belfrage (born 1940), British wine writer

Sally Belfrage (1936–1994), American writer and journalist

Cedric Belfrage
Cedric Henning Belfrage (8 November 1904 – 21 June 1990) was an English film critic, journalist, writer and political activist. He is best remembered as a co-founder of the radical US weekly National Guardian. Later Belfrage was referenced as a Soviet agent in the US intelligence Venona project, although it appears he had been working for British Security Co-ordination as a double agent.
Lombez Cathedral
Lombez Cathedral (Cathédrale Sainte-Marie de Lombez; Église Notre-Dame) is a Roman Catholic church, formerly a cathedral, in Lombez, France. It has been a monument historique since 1846.

It was the seat of the former Diocese of Lombez, suppressed by the Concordat of 1801 and divided between the Diocese of Bayonne and the Archdiocese of Toulouse.

Diocese of Bayonne
The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis; French: Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron; Basque: Baionako, Leskarreko eta Oloroeko elizbarrutia) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Bordeaux. The diocese comprises the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the région of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Its cathedral, the Cathédrale Notre-Dame in Bayonne is a World Heritage Site. Elsewhere in Aquitaine, the diocese contains two former cathedrals: the Ancienne cathédrale Notre-Dame de the Assumption, in Lescar; and the Ancienne cathédrale Sainte-Marie, in Oloron-Sainte-Marie.
Chitaraque
Chitaraque is a town and municipality in the Ricaurte Province, part of the Colombian department of Boyacá. The urban centre is located at a distance of 104.6 kilometres (65.0 mi) from the department capital Tunja and situated at an altitude of 1,575 metres (5,167 ft) in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. It borders Gámbita, Santander in the east and south, San José de Pare, Santana and Togüí in the west and Suaita, Santander in the north.

Santander Department
Santander (Spanish pronunciation: [santanˈdeɾ]) is a department of Colombia. Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia. It is located in the central northern part of the country, borders the Magdalena River to the east, Boyacá to the south and southeast, the Norte de Santander Department to the northeast, the Cesar Department to the north, the Bolivar and Antioquia Departments to the west. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga.
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat or  National Institute of Technology, Surat (SVNIT or NIT, Surat), is a public technical university established by the Parliament of India in 1961. It is one of 31 National Institutes of Technology in India recognized by the Government of India as an Institute of National Importance. It is the Anchor Institute for the Auto and Engineering sector and will be training the workforce. 
The project is also designated as the "Center of Excellence under Technical Education Quality Improvement Program" in water resources and flood management and is supported by the World Bank.

The institute organizes annual cultural and technical festivals: MindBend (technical festival) and Sparsh (cultural festival) that attract participants from all over the country and abroad.

Institutes of National Importance
In India, an Institution of National Importance (INI) refers to a premier public higher education institution granted special status by the constitution or an act of the Parliament of India. Such institutions are recognized for their pivotal role in developing highly skilled personnel within a specified region of the country or state. Institutes of National Importance enjoy special recognition, greater autonomy, and direct funding from the Government of India.

At the inception of the Constitution of India, the Seventh Schedule declared Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University as institutes of national importance. Subsequently 32nd Amendment in 1973 added University of Delhi to the schedule. Other institutions are accorded as INI by legislations or statutory orders.
Bankrupt!
Bankrupt! is the fifth studio album by French band Phoenix, first released on 19 April 2013 through Loyauté, Glassnote, and Atlantic Records. It is the band's follow up to Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix, which was released four years earlier in 2009. The album was produced by the band with Philippe Zdar and was recorded in a span of two years at Studios d'Herbécourt and Motorbass Studios in Paris, France, and at Oscilloscope Laboratories in New York City, United States. The album received generally favorable reviews from music critics upon release. It debuted at number 3 on the French Albums Chart, number 4 on the Billboard 200 (selling 50,000 copies), and number 14 on the UK Albums Chart.

Three official singles were released from the album: "Entertainment", "Trying to Be Cool", and "S.O.S. in Bel Air".

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
Powakka
Powakka is an indigenous village of Lokono Amerindians in the resort of Oost in the Para District in Suriname. The village is located on the road to Carolina which connects to the Avobakaweg to Paramaribo.

Paramaribo
Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 252,581 people as of 2025 estimate, almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.
Swedish Junior Strokeplay Championship
The Swedish Junior Strokeplay Championship is a national golf tournament in Sweden for golfers under the age of 22, contested for both men and women.

Known also as the JSM Slag, it has been organized by the Swedish Golf Federation since 1977 when JSM Match, the Swedish Junior Matchplay Championship contested since 1939, switched from match play to stroke play format. Since 2001, both JSM tournaments have been held in parallel.

The number of winners who have gone on to become successful pros is considerable. Anders Forsbrand, Jesper Parnevik and Jonas Blixt have won on the PGA Tour or the World Cup. Liselotte Neumann, Helen Alfredsson and Anna Nordqvist have all won LPGA majors.

Anna Nordqvist
Anna Maria Nordqvist (born 10 June 1987) is a Swedish professional golfer who plays on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and the Ladies European Tour. She has won three major championships: the 2009 LPGA Championship, the 2017 Evian Championship, and the 2021 Women's British Open. She is the only non-American woman to have won major championships in three different decades (2000s, 2010s and 2020s).
Sulfur dibromide
Sulfur dibromide is the chemical compound with the formula SBr2. It is a toxic gas.

Sulfur dibromide readily decomposes into S2Br2 and elemental bromine. In analogy to sulfur dichloride, it hydrolyzes in water to give hydrogen bromide, sulfur dioxide and elemental sulfur.

SBr2 can be prepared by reacting SCl2 with HBr, but due to its rapid decomposition it cannot be isolated at standard conditions. Instead, the more stable S2Br2 is obtained.

Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of metals refining and the burning of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon fuels.

Sulfur dioxide is somewhat toxic to humans, although only when inhaled in relatively large quantities for a period of several minutes or more. It was known to medieval alchemists as "volatile spirit of sulfur".
Broadmeadow Magic FC
Broadmeadow Magic Football Club is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in Broadmeadow, a suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales. The club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW with matches played at Magic Park.

Broadmeadow
Broadmeadow is a locality in the Hunter region of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is the geographic centre of the Newcastle city and suburban area. Its main commercial hub is located at the "Nineways". The locality is also home to the main depot and production site of the railway company UGL Rail, the Broadmeadow Rail Depot. At the 2021 census, it had a population of approximately 1,688.
Capital City Trail
The Capital City Trail is a shared use path in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, which circles the city centre and some inner eastern and northern suburbs. It is 29 km in length, and mostly consists of sections of other trails, such as the Merri Creek Trail, Main Yarra Trail, Moonee Ponds Creek Trail and Inner Circle Rail Trail.

A popular starting point for the trail is at Princes Bridge near Flinders Street station. The rider can head off in an easterly or westerly direction. If heading off in the westerly, either side of the river can be used, but the south side tends to be more popular, particularly amongst walkers and runners.

The Capital City Trail uses the same path as the Main Yarra Trail up to Dights Falls, where it continues, using the same path as the Merri Creek Trail, as part of its loop around the city.

Shared-use path
A shared-use path, mixed-use path or multi-use pathway is a path which is "designed to accommodate the movement of pedestrians and cyclists". Examples of shared-use paths include sidewalks designated as shared-use, bridleways and rail trails. A shared-use path typically has a surface that is asphalt, concrete or firmly packed crushed aggregate. Shared-use paths differ from cycle tracks and cycle paths in that shared-use paths are designed to include pedestrians even if the primary anticipated users are cyclists.

The path may also permit other users such as inline skating. Contrastingly, motorcycles and mopeds are normally prohibited. Shared-use paths sometimes provide different lanes for users who travel at different speeds to prevent conflicts between user groups on high-use trails. Shared-use paths are criticised for creating conflict between different users. The UK's Department for Transport deprecates this kind of route in denser urban environments.
Lee Millar
Lee Carson Millar Sr. (February 20, 1888 – December 24, 1941) was an American voice actor for animated films and radio programs. He also appeared on stage. He voiced Pluto in various Disney animated films and had other film voice roles.

Millar was born in Oakland, California. In June 1913, he was a member of the Alcazar Stock Company, when Leo Ditrichstein cast him for a role in Such Is Life. He performed well enough that when the production was launched on Broadway by David Belasco the following August as The Temperamental Journey, Millar was brought East to reprise the same part.

In 1923 he married actress Verna Felton. They had a son Lee Millar Jr. who was also a performer.

Pinto Colvig and Bill Farmer also voiced Pluto in Disney shorts. Millar wrote "Collecting Evidence", a dramatic sketch.

Alcazar Theatre (1911)
See Alcazar Theatre (1885) and Alcazar Theatre (1976) for two other SF theaters of the same name.

The Alcazar Theatre was a 1,145 seat theatre located at 260 O'Farrell Street, San Francisco, California, between Mason and Powell.
Bassanite
Bassanite is a sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·0.5H2O or 2CaSO4·H2O. It has half a water molecule per CaSO4 unit.

Bassanite was first described in 1910 for an occurrence on Mount Vesuvius. It was named for Italian paleontologist Francesco Bassani (1853–1916).

At Vesuvius it occurs as alterations from gypsum within leucite tephrite and as fumarole deposits. It occurs in dry lake beds in California and Australia. It also occurs interlayered with gypsum in caves.

H. Schmidt and coinvestigators reported in 2011 that under dry conditions, the structure is monoclinic with space group C2, but at 75% humidity, the structure is trigonal with space group P3221. This reflects the incorporation of additional water of hydration, such that the trigonal form has the formula CaSO4·0.625H2O.

Water of crystallization
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

Upon crystallization from water, or water-containing solvents, many compounds incorporate water molecules in their crystalline frameworks. Water of crystallization can generally be removed by heating a sample but the crystalline properties are often lost.

Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with large amounts of water in the crystal lattice. A water content of 50% is not uncommon for proteins.
The Winchester Tapes
"The Winchester Tapes" is an episode from the TV series M*A*S*H that originally aired on CBS on October 18, 1977. The episode was directed by Burt Metcalfe and written by Everett Greenbaum and Jim Fritzell.

The guest cast is Thomas Carter as a patient and Kimiko Hiroshige as the Korean woman.

Thomas Carter (director)
Thomas Colbert Carter (born July 17, 1953) is an American director, producer and actor, known for Swing Kids, Save the Last Dance and Coach Carter.

As an actor, Carter is best known for his work on the television series The White Shadow, playing James "Hollywood" Hayward.
Ultra vires
Ultra vires is a Latin phrase used in law to describe an act that requires legal authority but is done without it. Its opposite, an act done under proper authority, is intra vires. Acts that are intra vires may equivalently be termed "valid", and those that are ultra vires termed "invalid".

Legal issues relating to ultra vires can arise in a variety of contexts:

Companies and other legal persons sometimes have limited legal capacity to act, and attempts to engage in activities beyond their legal capacities may be ultra vires. Most countries have restricted the doctrine of ultra vires in relation to companies by statute.

Similarly, statutory and governmental bodies may have limits upon the acts and activities which they legally engage in.

Subordinate legislation which is purported passed without the proper legal authority may be invalid as beyond the powers of the authority which issued it.

Primary and secondary legislation
Primary legislation and secondary legislation (the latter also called delegated legislation or subordinate legislation) are two forms of law, created respectively by the legislative and executive branches of governments in representative democracies. Primary legislation generally consists of statutes, also known as "acts", that set out broad  principles and rules, but may delegate specific authority to an executive branch to make more specific laws under the aegis of the principal act. The executive branch can then issue secondary legislation (often by order-in-council in parliamentary systems, or by regulatory agencies in presidential systems), creating legally enforceable regulations and the procedures for implementing them.
Wolfgang Lange (canoeist)
Wolfgang Lange (3 July 1938 – 29 October 2022) was an East German sprint canoeist who competed in the 1960s. He won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-4 1000 m: 1963) a silver (K-2 1000 m: 1963), and two bronzes (K-1 4 x 500 m: 1963, K-4 10000 m: 1966).

Lange also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of seventh in the K-1 1000 m event at Rome in 1960.

1966 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1966 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in the East Berlin suburb of Grünau in East Germany. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. From 19 to 21 August, competitors used the regatta course on the Langer See that had previously been used for the canoeing and rowing events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak. This was the first championships which had one competitor or team per nation per event, a rule that continues as of 2008.

It was also the seventh championships in canoe sprint.
2012 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2012. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.

Hopman Cup
The Hopman Cup is an international tennis tournament that plays mixed teams (one male and one female) on a country-by-country basis. It was first held in Perth, Western Australia each year from 1989 to 2019, played on indoor hardcourt, before being replaced on the calendar in 2020 by the now defunct ATP Cup, which was in turn replaced by the United Cup. The tournament was played in an eight-team format, with the exception for the years 1990-1995, with twelve teams competing. It returned in July 2023 in Nice, France and was played on outdoor clay, with six teams invited to participate. This continued in 2025, with the tournament being held in Bari, Italy on hard courts.