hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Commonwealth Games medal table
The 2022 Commonwealth Games (officially known as the XXII Commonwealth Games) was a multi-sport event held in Birmingham, England, from 28 July to 8 August 2022. It was the first time that Birmingham hosted the games and also marked England's third time hosting the Commonwealth Games after London 1934 and Manchester 2002, and the seventh Games in the United Kingdom after London and Manchester, Cardiff 1958, Edinburgh 1970 and 1986, and Glasgow 2014.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Living Shangri-La
Living Shangri-La is a mixed-use skyscraper in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is the tallest building in the city proper, though not in the metro area, as Two Gilmore Place in Burnaby is taller as of its completion in 2024. The 62-storey Shangri-La tower contains a 5-star hotel and its offices on the first 15 floors, with condominium apartment units occupying the rest of the tower. The building's podium complex also includes a spa, Urban Fare specialty grocery store, a Vancouver Art Gallery public display, and a curated public sculpture garden. The high-rise stands 200.86 metres (659 ft) tall and there is a private roof garden on floor 61.

As part of the development deal, the Coastal Church, built in 1919 and located at the west end of the site, underwent a $4.4 million restoration.

Downtown Vancouver
Downtown Vancouver is the central business district and the city centre neighbourhood of Vancouver, Canada, on the northwestern shore of the Burrard Peninsula in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. It occupies most of the north shore of the False Creek inlet, which cuts into the Burrard Peninsula creating the Downtown Peninsula, where the West End neighbourhood and Stanley Park are also located.

Along with West End, Stanley Park and the nearby Downtown Eastside, Downtown makes up Central Vancouver, one of the city's three main areas (the others being East Side and West Side).

With a disproportionately high amount of residential towers for a central business district in a geographically constrained area, Downtown Vancouver is one of the densest areas in the country.
2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota
The 2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Minnesota, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the U.S. Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and other state and local elections. Some Republican pundits and strategists believed Minnesota to be a potential pickup opportunity due to its perceived increasingly favorable demographics and unexpectedly close result in the 2016 presidential election, along with potential backlash from the 2020 George Floyd protests, originating after the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis. However, every poll showed incumbent Democratic Senator Tina Smith in the lead by varying degrees.

Smith was reelected to a full term in office by a margin of 5.2 points, making this the closest Senate election in Minnesota since 2008. The primary took place on August 11.

Mike Lindell
Michael James Lindell (/lɪnˈdɛl/ lin-DEL; born June 28, 1961), also known as the My Pillow Guy and Mike Pillow, is an American businessman, political activist, and conspiracy theorist. He is the founder and CEO of My Pillow, a pillow, bedding, and slipper manufacturing company.

Lindell is a prominent supporter of and advisor to U.S. President Donald Trump. After Trump's defeat in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Lindell played a significant role in supporting and financing Trump's attempts to overturn the election result, and spread disproven conspiracy theories about widespread electoral fraud in that election. He has also promoted unproven medical treatments for COVID-19.

In December 2025, Lindell announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for Governor of Minnesota in the 2026 Minnesota gubernatorial election, and received public support from Donald Trump.
Roydon Woods
Roydon Woods is a 294.9-hectare (729-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Brockenhurst in Hampshire. It is a nature reserve managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust and is part of New Forest Special Area of Conservation.

A large part of these woods are ancient, but other areas are former oak and hazel coppice planted in the nineteenth century. There are also areas of hornbeam and species-rich aldercarr. The SSSI also includes a stretch of the Lymington River and many open glades.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Maruosa
Maruosa is a Japanese producer of breakcore/cybergrind music based in Tokyo, Japan.

He has been invited to festivals around the world, including CTM in Germany, Glade in the UK, Sónar in Spain, Roskilde in Denmark, Supersonic in the UK, This Is Not Art/Electrofringe in Australia, SXSW in the USA, GOGBOT in the Netherlands, and Lausanne Underground Film and Music Festival in Switzerland.

GOGBOT
The GOGBOT Festival is an annual four-day festival in Enschede, Netherlands. It is organized by Planetart, a local group of artists, and was first organized in 2004. The festival revolves around multimedia, art, music, and technology and includes a three-month exhibition in collaboration with the local Rijksmuseum (RMT), a four-day exhibition during the festival, a symposium, a film program, and the Youngblood award for art academy graduates.
Morley Quarry
Morley Quarry is a  3.1 hectares (7.7 acres) Local Nature Reserve on the southern outskirts of Shepshed in Leicestershire.

The quarries are a Regionally Important Geological Site, with rocks dating to 600 million years ago. The habitat is grassland and heath, with heather and gorse. There is a pond which has breeding toads.

There is access from Morley Lane.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
SS Empire Coleridge
Empire Coleridge was a 9,811 GRT tanker which was built in 1942 by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland for the  Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). In 1946 she was sold into merchant service and renamed Esso Cheyenne. She was scrapped in 1961.

Tanker (ship)
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.  Major types of tanker ship include the oil tanker (or petroleum tanker), the chemical tanker, cargo ships, and a gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, citrus juice, molasses, and wine.

In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler (or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores) but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.

Tankers were first developed in the late 19th century as iron and steel hulls and pumping systems were developed. As of 2005, there were just over 4,000 tankers and supertankers 10,000 LT DWT or greater operating worldwide.
Kadhim al-Quraishi
Kadhim Al-Quraishi (Arabic: كاظم القريشي) (April 13, 1967 Wasit, Iraq) is an Iraqi actor. He won as the best actor for the work of "Amtar Al-Nar" (Arabic: أمطار النار) and the best Iraqi actor for the year 2009 for the work of "Al-Dahana" (Arabic: الدهانة), and as the best Iraqi actor for the year 2011 for the work of "Abu Tabar" (Arabic: أبو طبر). He was pointed as the manager of the Iraqi theaters in the Iraqi Cinema and Theater Foundation from 2013 to 2015 and was director of the Baghdad International Theater Festival. He won dozens of awards and honors inside and outside Iraq and was honored at The Cairo International Festival for Experimental Theatre (CIFET) in 2015. He also presented many radio series and is classified as having a distinguished and tender voice, and he was one of the judges of the jury in the Iraqi poet program for performance and voice evaluation.

Wasit
Wasit (Arabic: وَاسِط, romanized: Wāsiṭ, Syriac: ‎ܘܐܣܛ) was an early Islamic city in Iraq. It was founded in the 8th century by the Umayyad viceroy of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, to serve as the region's seat and as the garrison of the Syrian troops who enforced Umayyad rule there. It was situated between the two traditional administrative centers and garrisons of Iraq, Kufa and Basra, hence its name Wasit (lit. 'middle'). The city was abandoned centuries later and its ruins are located in the eponymous Wasit Governorate, southeast of Kut in southeastern Iraq.
Bowland High Group
The Bowland High Group is a lithostratigraphical term referring to the thick succession of limestone rock strata which occur in the Craven Basin of Lancashire and Yorkshire in northern England,  United Kingdom from the Courceyan to the Chadian sub-Stage of the Carboniferous Period.

The Bowland High Group is unconformably overlain by the Hodder Mudstone Formation of the Craven Group.

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
Kochyerigin LBSh
LBSh (Russian: ЛБШ, initially known simply as Ш, short for shturmovik) was a light ground attack aircraft (shturmovik) designed in 1939 by Sergei Aleksandrovich Kochyerigin.

A low-wing monoplane of mixed construction with fixed undercarriage, the design proved underpowered although decently armed. Offensive armament included two ShVAK 20 mm autocannons in the wing roots, two ShKAS machine guns in the wings and up to 600 kg of bombload. Defensive armament consisted of one turret-mounted ShKAS machine gun firing rearwards.

Only two prototypes were ever built: Sh-1 powered by Tumansky M-88 air-cooled radial engine and Sh-2 powered by earlier Tumansky M-87A. Initially the Sh-1 was accepted by the Soviet aviation into serial production, but the decision was soon overturned and the Factory No. 292 was ordered to focus on Yatsenko I-28 and Yakovlev Yak-1 fighters instead.

General characteristics
Performance

ShVAK cannon
The ShVAK (Russian: Шпитальный-Владимиров Авиационный Крупнокалиберный (ШВАК), romanized: Shpitalnyi-Vladimirov Aviatsionnyi Krupnokalibernyi, "Shpitalny-Vladimirov Aviation Large-calibre") was a 20 mm autocannon used by the Soviet Union during World War II. It was designed by Boris Shpitalniy and Semyon Vladimirov and entered production in 1936. ShVAK were installed in many models of Soviet aircraft. The TNSh was a version of the gun produced for light tanks (Russian: ТНШ: Tankovyi Nudel’man-Shpitalnyi). ShVAK shares the name with its 12.7 mm heavy machine gun predecessor.
Maconachie
Maconachie, Maconochie, McOnachie, or MacOnachie is a surname of Scottish origin. Notable persons with the surname include:

Alexander Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank (1777–1861), Scottish judge and politician

Alexander Maconochie (penal reformer) (1787–1860)

Alexander Maconochie Centre, the gaol in the Australian Capital Territory

G. A. Maconachie (1843–1909), army surgeon in British India

Grant McConachie (1909 – 1965), Canadian pilot and businessman

Ian Maconachie, Irish badminton player

Sir Richard Roy Maconachie  (1885-1962), British Indian civil servant

Maconochie or Machonochie rations, canned food popular in World War II

G. A. Maconachie
George Archibald Maconachie (7 September 1843 – 26 June 1909) was a British surgeon who worked in the Indian Medical Service, later serving as professor of ophthalmology at the Grant Medical College, Bombay and at Aberdeen University. He was one of the founders of the Bombay Natural History Society.
1:72 scale
1:72 scale is a scale used for scale models, most commonly model aircraft, where one inch on the model equals six feet (which is seventy-two inches) in real life. The scale is popular for aircraft because sizes ranging from small fighters to large bombers are all reasonably manageable and displayable.

Scale (ratio)
The scale ratio of a model represents the proportional ratio of a linear dimension of the model to the same feature of the original. Examples include a 3-dimensional scale model of a building or the scale drawings of the elevations or plans of a building.

In such cases the scale is dimensionless and exact throughout the model or drawing.

The scale can be expressed in four ways: in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, as a fraction  and as a graphical (bar) scale. Thus on an architect's drawing one might read 'one centimeter to  one  meter', 1:100, 1/100, or ⁠1/100⁠. A bar scale would also normally appear on the drawing. Colon may also be substituted with a specific, slightly raised ratio symbol U+2236 ∶ RATIO (&ratio;), ie. "1∶100".
Sweet Springs Resort
Sweet Springs Resort and spa was founded in Sweet Springs, West Virginia, United States in 1792. Once known as Old Sweet Springs, this historic resort hotel is currently undergoing renovation by the nonprofit Sweet Springs Resort Park Foundation. The property enjoys notoriety for its natural hot spring.

Resort
A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that aims to provide most of a vacationer's needs. This includes food, drink, accommodation, sports, entertainment and shopping, on the premises. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort and the term resort may be used for a hotel that provides an array of entertainment and recreational activities.

Some resorts are also condominium complexes that offer timeshares or fractional ownership, in addition to wholly owned condominiums. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, but in the late 20th century, this type became more common.

In British English, "resort" means a town which people visit for holidays and day trips, typically containing hotels where holidaymakers stay. Blackpool and Brighton in UK and Ayia Napa in Cyprus are examples of such places.
Masum Khan (cricketer)
Mohammad Masum Khan (Bengali: মোহাম্মদ মাসুম খান; born 5 July 1987) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his List A debut for Khelaghar Samaj Kallyan Samity in the 2013–14 edition of the Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 22 September 2013. He made his Twenty20 debut for Khelaghar Samaj Kallyan Samity in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League on 25 February 2019. He made his first-class debut on 10 October 2019, for Chittagong Division against Dhaka Metropolis in the 2019–20 National Cricket League.

Chittagong Division cricket team
Chattogram Division cricket team represents the Chittagong Division, one of the eight administrative regions in Bangladesh. The team was founded in 1999 to compete in the National Cricket League (NCL) and plays first-class cricket. For the short-lived National Cricket League Twenty20 in 2010, the team adopted the name Cyclones of Chittagong. The equivalent team in the Bangladesh Premier League is the Chittagong Kings.

Chittagong Division play most of their home games at the Bir Shrestho Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman Cricket Stadium (BSFLMRCS) in the port city of Chittagong. The BSFLMRCS has superseded the older District Stadium, Chottogram (DSC) as Chittagong's main cricket venue. The District Stadium is now used primarily for football.
Joel T. Rosenthal
Joel T. Rosenthal is a medieval historian and the author of several scholarly books and articles. He is Distinguished professor and Emeritus of History at the State University of New York in Stony Brook. He is a fellow of the Medieval Academy of America and the Royal Historical Society. He gained his doctorate in 1963 from the University of Chicago—where he took seminars under Eleanora Carus-Wilson—with a dissertation on Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

Rosenthal's particular interests and specialisms have varied over his career, but have been generally on English social history, including aspects such as noble family life—including women and children—old age, widows, religion, and English personal names. Interests outside and beyond both England and the Late Middle Ages have focused on Anglo-Saxons, Capetians, and pedagogy. He has co-edited books—for example, the Garland Encyclopedia of Medieval England—as well as journals, such as Medieval Prosopography.

Medieval Academy of America
The Medieval Academy of America (MAA; spelled Mediaeval until c. 1980) is the largest organization in the United States promoting the field of medieval studies. It was founded in 1925 and is based in Boston. The academy publishes the quarterly journal Speculum, and awards prizes, grants, and fellowships such as the Haskins Medal, which is named for Charles Homer Haskins, one of the academy's founders and its second president.
Stanford Viaduct
52°47′25.00″N 1°11′50.50″W﻿ / ﻿52.7902778°N 1.1973611°W﻿ / 52.7902778; -1.1973611

Stanford Viaduct is a railway viaduct in Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire. It is named after the nearby village of Stanford on Soar.

Built as part of the Great Central Railway's London Extension opened in 1899, it carried the Great Central Main Line over the River Soar and a road (Meadow Lane). It was built out of blue brick by the contractor, Henry Lovatt of Wolverhampton. The three central arches are skewed to allow the Soar to pass underneath.

When the rest of the GCML was closed in the 1960s, the section from Loughborough South Junction was kept open as a branch of the Midland Main Line to the British Gypsum works at East Leake.

Currently, the viaduct is not used by gypsum trains, but heritage services on the Great Central Railway (Nottingham) run semi-regularly.

Viaduct
A viaduct is a bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via meaning "road", and ducere meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an analogy with ancient Roman aqueducts. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length.
Dragon Strike (novel)
Dragon Strike: A Novel of the Coming War with China is the first novel written by British journalists Humphrey Hawksley and Simon Holberton and first published in 1997, concerning a hypothetical war in 2001.

The novel weaves the story of China attacking Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia and Philippines to fortify its territorial claims to the oil-rich South China Sea. This attack was ordered by Wang Feng, the fictional new leader of China. Japan, the United States and other countries are eventually brought into the conflict, putting the world at the brink of a nuclear war. The story illustrates the complex relations between the United States and China on economic ties and ideologies.

Humphrey Hawksley subsequently wrote another novel concerning a hypothetical war in Asia: Dragon Fire.

Chimerica
Chimerica is a neologism and portmanteau coined by Niall Ferguson and Moritz Schularick describing the symbiotic relationship between China and the United States, with incidental reference to the legendary chimera. Although the term is largely in reference to economics, there is also a political element.
Jason Kitzmiller
Jason Andrew Kitzmiller (born July 25, 1973) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 97 Chevrolet SS for CR7 Motorsports, and part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 97 Chevrolet Silverado RST for the same team. He also competes part-time in the Grand National Super Series Presented By ECC, where he's captured multiple victories. He is the father of fellow racing driver Isaac Kitzmiller, who is the 2025 ARCA Menards Series East champion.

2025 ARCA Menards Series East
The 2025 ARCA Menards Series East was the 39th season of the ARCA Menards Series East, a regional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season began on March 22 with the Pensacola 150 at Five Flags Speedway and ended on September 11 with the Bush's Beans 200 at Bristol Motor Speedway.

2023 and 2024 champion William Sawalich did not return to the East Series full-time in 2025 and go for a three peat as he moved up to the NASCAR Xfinity Series full-time.

At the conclusion of the season, Isaac Kitzmiller of ACR Motorsports won the championship.
Ondřej Kopřiva
Ondřej Kopřiva (born 24 May 1988) is a Czech badminton player. Together with his brother, Tomáš Kopřiva, they won the 2009 Slovak Open, and finished runner-up in the 2008 Slovenian International. The duo then participated at the 2010 BWF World Championships. He also partnered with Pavel Florián, and won the 2015 Uganda International.

Uganda International
The Uganda International is an international badminton tournament held in Uganda organised by Uganda Badminton Association. In 2008, this tournament have been sanctioned by Badminton World Federation as International Series rated event with total prize money US$5000. For the badminton players, this tournament become a landmark for Uganda, because they can improved their point in world ranking and also in certain years, the points will be the Olympic Games qualification. Another tournament, Kampala International is a Future Series level since 2023.