hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ramapo High School (New York)
Ramapo High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school in the East Ramapo Central School District, serving 9th to 12th grade students. It is located at 400 Viola Road in Ramapo, New York in Rockland County.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,694 students and 127.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.34:1. There were 1,330 students (78.5% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 73 (4.3% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Ramapo High School has only one campus as of September 2010. It previously included the Ramapo Freshman Center, which is now the Kakiat Elementary School. The Freshman Center was established for the purpose of educating freshmen away from the upperclassmen, partially due to space constraints.

Second language
A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1). A second language may be a neighbouring language, another language of the speaker's home country, or a foreign language.

A speaker's dominant language, which is the language a speaker uses most or is most comfortable with, is not necessarily the speaker's first language. For example, the Canadian census defines first language for its purposes as "What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands?", recognizing that for some, the earliest language may be lost, a process known as language attrition. This can happen when young children start school or move to a new language environment.
Judge John W. Wright Cottage
Judge John W. Wright Cottage, also known as "Wisteria Cottage," is a historic home located at Berkeley Springs, Morgan County, West Virginia.  It was built in 1872, and is a two-story, frame residence of board-and-batten construction in the late Italianate style. It features a simple hipped roof and a three-sided Victorian-era verandah and a one-story gable-roofed kitchen wing.  The house was originally built as a summer home for John W. Wright, an influential 19th-century Federal jurist and associate of Abraham Lincoln.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.  It is located within the Town of Bath Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Morgan County, West Virginia
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,063. Its county seat is Berkeley Springs. The county was formed in 1820 from parts of Hampshire and Berkeley Counties and named in honor of General Daniel Morgan, prominent soldier of the American Revolutionary War. The county and Town of Bath are considered excellent jumping-off points for exploring the Potomac and Cacapon Rivers just to the north and west, respectively. Also, the county is a tourist destination hosting numerous local artists, mineral water spas, and a large amount of outdoor recreation that includes fishing, boating, wildlife, hunting, and mountain scenery. The region is known for the famed Apple Butter Festival, which is annually held in October. Morgan County is also the home of an important silica mine, part of U.S. Silica.
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies are a heterogenous group of disorders that present with visual disturbances resultant from mitochondrial dysfunction within the anatomy of the Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGC), optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract. These disturbances are multifactorial, their aetiology consisting of metabolic and/or structural damage as a consequence of genetic mutations, environmental stressors, or both. The three most common neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities seen in mitochondrial disorders are bilateral optic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia with ptosis, and pigmentary retinopathy.

Ophthalmoparesis
Ophthalmoparesis  refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. It is a physical finding in certain neurologic, ophthalmologic, and endocrine disease.

Internal ophthalmoplegia means involvement limited to the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle. External ophthalmoplegia refers to involvement of only the extraocular muscles. Complete ophthalmoplegia indicates involvement of both.
Haystack, Newfoundland and Labrador
Haystack was a former fishing settlement located on the northern portion of Long Island, Placentia Bay of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. People from the community freely chose to move to other places in the province during the resettlement program of the 1950s and 60s. Unlike most communities, residents were not paid to leave the community.

The community takes its name from a natural protuberance approximately 50 feet in height located (47.633829, -54.062453) on the extreme end of the peninsula surrounding the natural harbour; called the haystack.

Placentia Bay
Placentia Bay (French: Baie de Plaisance) is a body of water on the southeast coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It is formed by Burin Peninsula on the west and Avalon Peninsula on the east. Fishing grounds in the bay were used by native people long before the first European fishermen arrived in the 16th century. For a time, the French controlled the bay. They built their capital at Placentia on the east coast. The British gained Placentia during the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The town and nearby Castle Hill are national historic sites. English settlement followed in the bay and today the main communities are Burin, Marystown, and Placentia.

On 14 August 1941, US Naval Station Argentia, in Little Placentia Sound, was the site of the Atlantic Conference for the Atlantic Charter. Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt met face to face there for the first time since both had taken office.
Alvin Daniels
Alvin Kevin Daniels (born 10 February 1994) is a Dutch professional footballer of Guianese descent who plays as winger. He formerly played for FC Twente, FC Dordrecht and SC Cambuur. He was born in Paramaribo, Suriname.

FC Twente
Football Club Twente (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛfˈseː ˈtʋɛntə]), sometimes known internationally as FC Twente Enschede, or simply Twente, is a Dutch professional football club from Enschede. The club was formed in 1965 by the merger of Enschedese Boys with Sportclub Enschede, the 1926 Dutch champions. Twente have won the Eredivisie once, the KNVB Cup three times, and the Johan Cruyff Shield twice. They also finished runners-up in the Eredivisie twice, and reached the 1975 UEFA Cup final, which they lost against Borussia Mönchengladbach.

Twente's home ground since 1998 is De Grolsch Veste. Since 2019, the team have played in the Eredivisie, the top division of Dutch football. The club takes its name from the region of Twente, the eastern part of Overijssel.
Frederic Gorell Barnes
Sir Frederic Gorell Barnes, JP, DL, FRGS (1856 – 17 March 1939) was a British barrister and politician.

A first cousin of the judge Lord Gorell, he was born in Mossley Hill, Barnes was educated at the Royal Institution of Liverpool and Jesus College, Cambridge. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1885 and joined the Northern Circuit. He also became a Justice of the Peace, a deputy lieutenant of Kent, and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

Barnes stood unsuccessfully for the Conservative Party in North East Derbyshire at the 1892 UK general election, then won Faversham at the 1895 UK general election. He did not contest any seat at the 1900 UK general election, but stood unsuccessfully in Northampton at the 1906 and January 1910 general elections.

Barnes was awarded a knighthood in 1916, and from 1917 to 1921 worked for the Ministry of Food. He also served as a vice president of the Tariff Reform League.

North East Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency)
North East Derbyshire is a constituency created in 1885 represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Louise Sandher-Jones of the Labour Party.

The seat had been, relative to others, a marginal seat from 2005 to 2017 as its winner's majority had not exceeded 5.7% of the vote since the 23.2% majority won in that year. The seat changed hands in 2017 as the first Conservative victory since 1935 but reverted to Labour in 2024.
Egide Linnig
Egide Linnig or Egidius Linnig (25 August 1821  – 13 October 1860) was a Belgian painter, draughtsman and engraver who is best known for his marine art and occasional genre scenes.  He was one of the first realist engravers in Belgium.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Jennifer Daniel
Jennifer Daniel (born Jennifer Ruth Williams; 23 May 1936 – 16 August 2017) was a Welsh actress. Her film appearances included assorted roles in the Edgar Wallace Mysteries film series, Gideon's Way, the Francis Durbridge serial A Man Called Harry Brent (1965) and the Hammer horror films The Kiss of the Vampire (1963) and The Reptile (1966).

She played Mrs. Linton in the 1992 film Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights. Her television credits include Barnaby Rudge, ITV Play of the Week, Barlow, General Hospital, Rumpole of the Bailey, Public Eye and The Collectors.

Gideon's Way
Gideon's Way is a British television crime series that was made by ITC Entertainment and broadcast by ITV in 1964–1966, following the 1958 film, Gideon’s Day. The film and series are based on novels by John Creasey (writing as 'J. J. Marric') and follow the character George Gideon of Scotland Yard. The series was made at Elstree Studios in twin production with The Saint television series, which was likewise produced by Robert S. Baker and Monty Berman.
Neurophyseta albimarginalis
Neurophyseta albimarginalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1920. It is found in Guatemala.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The base, costal and outer margins of the forewings are white. There is a vertical antemedial line which is brown on the costa, but otherwise black. It is preceded by a grey shade below the cell and on the inner margin. The hindwings are brownish purple, but the base, inner margin and the costal and outer margins are white. There is a black curved antemedial line.

William Schaus
William Schaus (January 11, 1858, in New York City – June 20, 1942) was an American entomologist who became known for his major contribution to the knowledge and description of new species of the Neotropical Lepidoptera.
Vardan II
Vardan II (died 711), was the Mihranid king of Caucasian Albania from 705 to 711 (together with brother Gagik I).

Son of king Varaz Trdat I and Sparama. In 694, the latter declared Vardan together with his brother Gagik rulers. In the same year, he was captured by the Byzantine emperor Justinian II. Soon his mother Sparama along with usurpator Shero seized power. In 695, Vardan and his brother were sent to Constantinople, where they stayed until 699.

In 699, together with his father and brother, he managed to return to Caucasian Albania, where Varaz Trdat I helped in the fight against the attacks of the Arabs.

In 705, after the death of his father he shared power with his brother Gagik I, but could not confirm the royal title. Since 708, in alliance with Byzantine empire he fought against the Umayyad Caliphate.

In 711, together with Gagik I he died in one of the battles, but according to other sources, he died as a result of an epidemic. The power was given to his son Narseh.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
Kirschner value
The Kirschner value or Kirschner number is a value determined when examining fat. The Kirschner value is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from fat through saponification. It consists of the number of milliliters of 0.1 normal sodium hydroxide necessary for the neutralization of water-soluble silver salts made from the water-soluble volatile fatty acids distilled from 5 grams of a given fat.

The Reichert value and Polenske value are related numbers based on similar tests.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
The Dog It Was That Died (novel)
The Dog It Was That Died is a 1952 detective novel by E.C.R. Lorac, the pen name of the British writer Edith Caroline Rivett. It is the thirty sixth in her long-running series featuring Chief Inspector MacDonald of Scotland Yard, one of the more conventional detectives of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. It was published by the Collins Crime Club.

Collins Crime Club
Collins Crime Club was an imprint of British book publishers William Collins, Sons and ran from 6 May 1930 to April 1994. Throughout its 64 years the club issued a total of 2,012 first editions of crime novels and reached a high standard of quality throughout. In the field of crime book collecting, Collins Crime Club is eagerly sought, particularly pre-war first editions in dust wrappers with their vivid and imaginative images.
1902 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1902 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 13th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Sallymount were the defending champions.

Young Irelands won the championship after a 2–09 to 0–05 defeat of Monagea in the final. It was their first ever championship title.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Ifeanyi Kalu
Ifeanyi Kalu (pronunciationⓘ) is a Nigerian actor, film maker and Pastor. He is best known for his role in the movie Lagos Cougars where he starred alongside Uche Jombo, Monalisa Chinda, Alexx Ekubo and the Africa Independent Television (AIT) series Allison's Stand alongside Joselyn Dumas, Bimbo Manuel, and Victor Olaotun.

Joselyn Dumas
Joselyn Dumas (/ˌdʒɔːsəlɪn ˈdʊmɑː/; born 31 August 1980) is a Ghanaian television host and actress. In 2014, she starred in A Northern Affair, a role that earned her a Ghana Movie Award and an Africa Movie Academy Award nomination for Best Actress.
Daisuke Nakazawa
Daisuke Nakazawa (born 1979) is head chef of the eponymous Sushi Nakazawa in New York City. Nakazawa apprenticed at Sukiyabashi Jiro under Jiro Ono, and appeared in the David Gelb documentary Jiro Dreams of Sushi. Nakazawa lived and worked in Seattle, at Sushi Kashiba under chef Shiro Kashiba, another Jiro Ono mentored chef, for several years before coming to New York to open Sushi Nakazawa, where he remains.

David Gelb
David Gelb (born October 16, 1983) is an American director of film and television.

He is most known for his documentary work on the subject of food and cuisine, including the 2011 film Jiro Dreams of Sushi,  the Netflix series Chef's Table and Street Food, and the 2021  film Wolfgang.
Fred & Edie
Fred & Edie is a 2000 epistolary and semi-biographical novel  by Jill Dawson. The novel is loosely based on the murder of Percy Thompson by his with Edith Thompson and, her lover Frederick Bywaters. The novel develops a sympathetic reading of Edie's understanding of the crime and subsequent incarceration as depicted in her unsent letters to Fred.

The novel was shortlisted for both the 2000 Whitbread Novel Award and the 2001 Orange Prize for Fiction, though won neither.

Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters
Edith Jessie Thompson (25 December 1893 – 9 January 1923) and Frederick Edward Francis Bywaters (27 June 1902 – 9 January 1923) were a British couple executed for the murder of Thompson's husband Percy. Their case became a cause célèbre.
Asterix and the Big Fight
Asterix and the Big Fight (also known as "The Battle of the Chieftains" - translated from French: Le Combat des Chefs) is a French comic book story, written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo. It is the seventh story in the Asterix comic book series, and was originally published by Dargaud as a serial for Pilote magazine in 1964, before later being released as a comic album in 1966.

The story focuses on Asterix and Obelix attempting to get their village's druid cured of several conditions following an accident, all while their chief, Vitalstatistix, prepares to do battle with a rival chief allied to the Romans.

Asterix and the Big Fight received positive reviews following its publication. An animated miniseries adaptation of the story premiered on Netflix on April 30, 2025.

Pilote
Pilote (French: [pilɔt]), for a while subtitled the magazine of Asterix and Obelix (French: Le Journal D’Astérix et D’Obélix ) was a French comics magazine published from 1959 to 1989. Showcasing most of the major French or Belgian comics talents of its day the magazine introduced major series such as Astérix, Barbe-Rouge, Blueberry, Achille Talon, and Valérian et Laureline.  Major comics writers like René Goscinny, Jean-Michel Charlier, Greg, Pierre Christin and Jacques Lob were featured in the magazine, as were artists such as Jijé, Morris, Albert Uderzo, Jean (Mœbius) Giraud, Enki Bilal, Jean-Claude Mézières, Jacques Tardi, Philippe Druillet, Marcel Gotlib, Alexis, and Annie Goetzinger.

Pilote also published several international talents such as Hugo Pratt, Frank Bellamy and Robert Crumb.
2018 Strade Bianche
The 2018 Strade Bianche was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 3 March 2018 in Italy. It was the twelfth edition of the Strade Bianche and the fifth event of the 2018 UCI World Tour.

Tiesj Benoot (Lotto–Soudal) took his first professional victory, after attacking from a chasing group to catch leaders Romain Bardet (AG2R La Mondiale) and Wout van Aert (Vérandas Willems–Crelan) before dropping them in the final sector of dirt roads. Benoot soloed to victory by 39 seconds ahead of Bardet, who dropped van Aert in the final kilometre; van Aert, a three-time world elite cyclo-cross champion, ultimately completed the podium a further 19 seconds in arrears.

Lotto–Intermarché
Lotto–Intermarché (UCI team code: LOI) is a Belgian professional cycling team at UCI WorldTour level sponsored by the Belgian lottery and Intermarché. The same organisations also sponsor a women's cycling team, Lotto–Intermarché Ladies.
Unconstitutional: The War on Our Civil Liberties
Unconstitutional: The War on Our Civil Liberties is an American 2004 political documentary about the legal problems with the PATRIOT Act. It posits that the law, hastily passed in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, is used to justify a variety of abuses of civil rights that are guaranteed by the US Constitution.

This third and final film in the Un-trilogy from Executive Producer Robert Greenwald and Earl Katz, is a Public Interest Pictures Film.  Unconstitutional was written, produced and directed by Nonny de la Peña.

Partnership for Civil Justice Fund
The Partnership for Civil Justice Fund (PCJF) is a nonprofit progressive legal organization based in Washington, D.C. Founded by Carl Messineo and Mara Verheyden-Hilliard, the organization focuses on cases regarding free speech and dissent, domestic spying and surveillance, police misconduct, and government transparency.

The Partnership is known for litigating on behalf of protesters in First Amendment cases. It has frequently sued the District of Columbia government and  D.C. police department. In addition to its litigation work in the courts, the Partnership also pursues freedom of information requests to obtain public records relating to police surveillance of activist groups. In 2003, the Washington Post called the organization "the constitutional sheriffs for a new protest generation."
Bygdanytt
Bygdanytt is a Norwegian newspaper, published in Indre Arna in Bergen Municipality, and covering the borough of Arna (in Bergen Municipality) and Osterøy Municipality. The newspaper was founded in 1951, and its first editor was Sigurd Mjeldheim. The newspaper is issued twice a week. It had a circulation of 4,587 in 2008. Its editor is Hallvard Tysse.

In 2012, Bygdanytt was awarded the prize of best local newspaper at European Newspaper Award.

Indre Arna
Indre Arna is a suburban village in the borough of Arna in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. While Indre Arna is relatively far from most of the city centre of Bergen by road, there is an 8-minute train journey through the mountain Ulriken from Indre Arna to the city centre. Arna Church and Arna Station are both located in the village.

The 3.96-square-kilometre (980-acre) village has a population (2012) of 6,536 and a population density of 1,651 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,280/sq mi). Since 2013, Statistics Norway no longer tracked separate population statistics for Indre Arna, instead the village was incorporated into a larger urban area called Arna which includes the greater Indre Arna and Ytre Arna areas.
G. Suresh Kumar
G. Suresh Kumar is an Indian film producer and actor known for Poochakkoru Mookkuthi and Aaraam Thampuran. He produces films under the banner Revathy Kalamandhir an Indian film production company based in Thiruvananthapuram which is founded in 1993 by him and he produced more than 32 Malayalam films under this banner.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.