hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1920 Calgary municipal election
The 1920 Calgary municipal election was held on December 15, 1920 to a Mayor and six Aldermen to sit on Calgary City Council for two years, and two Aldermen to sit for one year. Additionally a Commissioner, three members for the Public School Board and two members for the Separate School Board were elected.

There were twelve aldermen on city council, but six of the positions were already filled: Frank Freeze, George Harry Webster, Annie Gale, and Fred Shouldice, were all elected to two-year terms in 1919 and were still in office. Both Samuel Hunter Adams and Issac G. Ruttle resigned their positions as Aldermen to run for mayor.

A number of plebiscites were held, all requiring a majority to pass.

The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for Alderman being two years and the Mayor being one year.

Calgary Catholic School District
Calgary Roman Catholic Separate School District No. 1 or the Calgary Catholic School District (CCSD) is the Roman Catholic separate school board in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.  It also serves the neighbouring communities of Airdrie, Chestermere, Cochrane and Rocky View County. The CSSD receives funding for students from the provincial government of Alberta.
Tamwar Masood
Tamwar Masood is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Himesh Patel. He made his first appearance on 1 October 2007. On 12 March 2016, it was announced that Patel would be leaving the show, with Tamwar making his final appearance alongside Nancy Carter (Maddy Hill) on 22 April 2016. After more than three years together, he married Nancy off-screen, in Australia, in 2019. They divorced in 2022, after she returned to Albert Square without him.

John Partridge (actor)
John Partridge (born 24 July 1971) (often referred to as simply The Parch) is an English actor, dancer, singer, panelist and television presenter, who is probably best known for the role of Christian Clarke in the long-running BBC television soap opera EastEnders, having joined the cast in January 2008. He has worked extensively as a singer and dancer in musical theatre, portraying Rum Tum Tugger in the official film production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Cats.
Velinga
15°25′54″N 73°58′19″E﻿ / ﻿15.431804474017062°N 73.97197620589226°E﻿ / 15.431804474017062; 73.97197620589226

Velinga is a village in the North Goa sub-district (or taluka) of Ponda. It lies in the centre of Goa, in a setting amidst greenery and temples.

North Goa district
North Goa district is one of the two districts that constitutes the state of Goa, India. The district has an area of 1,736 square kilometres (670 square miles), and is bounded by Kolhapur  and Sindhudurg districts of Maharashtra state to the north and by Belagavi district of Karnataka to the east, by South Goa district to the south, and by the Arabian Sea to the west.
John Drinker House
John Drinker House is a historic home located at Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It was built about 1815 and is a two-story, five-bay, limestone dwelling in the Federal style.  It features an arched stone main entrance.  The property includes the ruins of a log home that pre-dates the Drinker House, ruins of a stone smokehouse, and the ruins of slave quarters.  A dump pile is also located on the property.  The house was built by John Drinker (1760–1826), a Quaker portrait artist from Philadelphia. The house is believed to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Barbouria
Barbouria is a genus of shrimp in the family Barbouriidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Barbouria cubensis.

Barbouria cubensis was originally described under the name Hippolyte cubensis from anchialine caves between Cojimar and Castillo Morro, near Havana, Cuba. It has since been found in Mexico, the Turks and Caicos Islands, Bermuda, Cayman Brac and the Bahamas. The animals grow to 64 millimetres (2.5 in) long and are a deep red colour. It is listed as a critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List.

Cayman Brac
Cayman Brac is an island that is part of the Cayman Islands. It lies in the Caribbean Sea about 145 km (90 mi) north-east of Grand Cayman and 8 km (5.0 mi) east of Little Cayman. It is about 19 km (12 mi) long, with an average width of 2 km (1.2 mi). Its terrain is the most prominent of the three Cayman Islands due to "The Bluff", a limestone outcrop that rises steadily along the length of the island up to 43 m (141 ft) above sea level at the eastern end.  The island is named after this prominent feature, as "brac" is a Gaelic name for a bluff.
Mav̋ea language
Mav̋ea (also rendered Mavʼea, Mafea or Mavia) is an Oceanic language spoken on Mavea Island in Vanuatu, off the eastern coast of Espiritu Santo.  It belongs to the North–Central Vanuatu linkage of Southern Oceanic.  The total population of the island is approximately 172, with only 34 fluent speakers of the Mavea language reported in 2008.

There are 94 languages in the North Vanuatu linkage, including Mavea. The closest linguistic relative to Mavea, sharing a little over 70% of cognates, is Tutuba. Following Tutuba, Aore, South Malok, Araki, and Tangoa are the next closest relatives.

North-Central Vanuatu languages
The North-Central Vanuatu languages are a linkage of Oceanic languages spoken in Vanuatu and New Caledonia. It was proposed by Ross Clark, who reconstructed the proto-language of the entire group, viewed here as an early, mutually-intelligible chain of dialects. but this is not accepted by Lynch (2018).
Sid Hearn
Sidney George Hearn (28 July 1899 – 23 August 1963), known as Sid Hearn, was an English first-class cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club between 1922 and 1926. He was born in Harbledown, Kent, and died at Chartham, also in Kent in 1963 aged 64.

Hearn played 32 first-class matches in his career, scoring 465 runs as a left-handed batsman and taking 22 wickets as a slow left arm bowler. He played 31 times for the Kent First XI and 45 times for the Second XI in the Minor Counties Championship.

Hearn's nephew Peter played for Kent between 1947 and 1956.

Harbledown
Harbledown is a village in the Canterbury district, in Kent, England, immediately west of Canterbury and contiguous with the city. At local government level the village is designated as a separate civil parish, that of Harbledown and Rough Common, which was renamed from Harbledown in 2007. The High Street is a conservation area with many listed buildings, including a tall and intact Georgian terrace on the south side. The area includes several orchards for fruit on its outskirts, within the parish boundaries.
United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary
The 1917 United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary, officially House Joint Resolution 169, was a resolution adopted by the United States Congress declaring that a state of war existed between the United States of America and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It occurred eight months after the earlier declaration of war against Germany that had brought the United States into World War I. Enacted on December 7, 1917 and coming into effect the same day, it was officially terminated in 1921, three years after the effective capitulation of Austria-Hungary.

Armistice of Villa Giusti
The Armistice of Villa Giusti or Padua Armistice was an armistice convention with Austria-Hungary which de facto ended warfare between Allies and Associated Powers and Austria-Hungary during World War I. Italy represented the Allies and Associated Powers. The armistice protocol, together with a supplementary protocol, was signed on 3 November 1918 in the Villa Giusti, outside Padua in the Veneto, Northern Italy, and took effect 24 hours later. This armistice applied only to Austria because Hungary later signed the separate Belgrade armistice.
Rueter, Missouri
Rueter is an extinct town in southeastern Taney County, Missouri. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place. The town site is located at western intersection of U.S. Route 160 and Route 125. Rueter is part of the Branson, Missouri Micropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office called Rueter was established in 1906. A variant spelling was "Reuter". One Mr. Reuter, an early postmaster, gave the community his last name.

Branson, Missouri
Branson is a resort city in the U.S. state of Missouri. Most of the city is situated in Taney County, with a small portion in the west extending into Stone County. Branson is in the Ozark Mountains. The community was named after Reuben Branson, postmaster and operator of a general store in the area in the 1880s. The population was 12,638 at the 2020 census, and its population constitutes nearly one fourth of the Taney County population.

Branson has long been a popular destination for vacationers from Missouri and around the country. The collection of entertainment theaters along 76 Country Boulevard (and to a lesser extent along Shepherd of the Hills Expressway), including Dolly Parton's Stampede, has increased Branson's popularity as a tourist destination. Branson is the site of the Branson Cross, the largest cross monument in North America.
Pospelov
Pospelov (masculine, Russian: Поспелов) or Pospelova (feminine, Russian: Поспелова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandra Pospelova (born 1998), Russian tennis player

Maria V. Pospelova-Shtrom (1902–1991), Russian parasitologist

Pyotr Pospelov (1898–1979), Soviet scientist and functionary
Pospelov Commission

Svetlana Pospelova (born 1979), Russian sprinter

Dmytro Pospyelov (born 1991), Ukrainian soccer player

Pospelov Commission
Pospelov Commission was a commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Presidium headed by Pyotr Pospelov  whose findings had laid the basis and the contents of Nikita Khrushchev's "secret speech" On the Personality Cult and its Consequences. According to Khrushchev's speech, "the commission was instructed to inquire into how it was possible to carry out massive repressions against the members and candidate members of the Party elected at the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party".

The commission was set by the Presidium on December 31, 1955. In addition to its chairman Pospelov, it included Central Committee secretary Averky Aristov, All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions chairman Nikolai Shvernik and deputy chairman of the Party Control Committee P.T. Komarov. The report of the commission was presented to the Presidium on February 9, 1956. The report caused heated controversy and split of opinions as to further actions.
Vaupel
Vaupel is a surname originating from Germany. Notable people with the surname include:

Egon Vaupel (born 1950), German politician (SPD)

Friedrich Karl Johann Vaupel (1876–1927), German botanist

Hans Georg Vaupel (born 1934), German sculptor

James Vaupel (born 1945), American demographer

James Vaupel
James Walton Vaupel (May 2, 1945 – March 27, 2022) was an American scientist in the fields of aging research, biodemography, and formal demography. He was instrumental in developing and advancing the idea of the plasticity of longevity, and pioneered research on the heterogeneity of mortality risks and on the deceleration of death rates at the highest ages.
West Park, Uckfield
West Park is a  10.5-hectare (26-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the western outskirts of Uckfield in East Sussex. It is owned and managed by Uckfield Town Council.

This site has grassland, woodland and a marshy area which provides a habitat for several orchid species, including the southern marsh orchid. There is also a population of dormice.

Access points include Princes Close.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Awa District, Tokushima
Awa (阿波郡, Awa-gun) was a district located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 24,959 and a density of 206.20 persons per km2. The total area is 121.04 km2.

Tokushima Prefecture
Tokushima Prefecture (徳島県, Tokushima-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi.ma, tokɯ̥.ɕiꜜ.ma, to.kɯ̥.ɕi.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Tokushima Prefecture has a population of 682,439 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,146 km2 (1,601 sq mi). Tokushima Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the north, Ehime Prefecture to the west, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southwest.

Tokushima is the capital and largest city of Tokushima Prefecture, with other major cities including Anan, Naruto, and Yoshinogawa. Tokushima Prefecture is located on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Wakayama Prefecture on the Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshu. Tokushima Prefecture is connected to Awaji Island across the Naruto Strait by the Ōnaruto Bridge as part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, connecting the prefecture to the city of Kobe and the San'yō Expressway on Honshu.
2024 Bangladesh HSC results protests
On October 20, 2024, a group of students from various colleges in Bangladesh, who had either failed or received unsatisfactory grades in the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) examinations of 2024, staged violent protests at the offices of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education.  The protests turned violent, resulting in vandalism of the board's offices. Amid growing tensions, Professor Tapan Kumar Sarkar, chairman of the board, submitted his resignation later to the education minister.

Minister of Education (Bangladesh)
The Minister of Education (Bengali: শিক্ষামন্ত্রী) is the political head of the Ministry of Education (Bangladesh) and one of the cabinet ministers of the Government of Bangladesh, responsible for formulating and overseeing national education policies, administration, and development across all levels of education.
Jerry Dalipog
Jerry Uyami Dalipog (born February 20, 1964), is a Filipino civil engineer and politician from the province of Banaue, Ifugao in the Philippines. He is the current governor of Ifugao Province in the Philippine Cordillera Region. Previously, he was the municipal mayor of Banaue from 2016 to 2019.

Banaue
Banaue (or alternatively spelled as Banawe)  [bɐˈnawe], officially the Municipality of Banaue  (Ilocano: Ili ti Banaue, Tagalog: Bayan ng Banaue), is a municipality in the province of Ifugao, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 20,143 people.

It is the site of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Batad Rice Terraces and Bangaan Rice Terraces.
Devonport railway station
Devonport railway station serves the Devonport area of Plymouth in Devon, England. It is 248 miles 28 chains (399.7 km) from London Paddington measured via Box and Plymouth Millbay. It is managed by Great Western Railway.

Tamar Valley Line
The Tamar Valley Line is a railway line from Plymouth, Devon, to Gunnislake, Cornwall, in England, also known as the Gunnislake branch line. The line follows the River Tamar for much of its route. Like all railway lines in Devon and Cornwall, it is unelectrified and all trains are diesel powered. The entire line is single track past St. Budeaux Junction.
The Bondsman
The Bondsman is an American action horror television series created by Grainger David for Amazon Prime Video. The series premiered on April 3, 2025. In May 2025, the series was canceled after one season.

Jolene Purdy
Jolene Purdy is an American actress. Purdy starred as Cherita Chen in the 2001 film Donnie Darko. Among her television credits is the Fox sitcom Do Not Disturb, which debuted in 2008, as well as the ABC Family comedy series 10 Things I Hate About You, playing Mandella in eight episodes. Purdy has also guest starred on Judging Amy and Boston Public. Purdy is also known for her role as Piper Katins on the TeenNick drama series Gigantic. She had a recurring role in the Netflix drama series Orange Is The New Black as well as Marvel's WandaVision.
Forest Hall railway station (Blyth and Tyne Railway)
Forest Hall, also known as Foresthall, was a short-lived railway station on the Blyth and Tyne Railway, serving the village of Forest Hall in the borough of North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. It was opened on 27 June 1864, along with the Blyth and Tyne's branch to Newcastle New Bridge Street station. It was closed on 1 March 1871, along with the opening of the railway's relocated Benton station some 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to the west.

It should not be confused with the nearby Forest Hall station on the East Coast Main Line, which was known as Benton station until 1874, after this station had closed.

Nothing remains of the former station, which had a station building on its south-eastern (up) platform. The Benton south-east curve, opened in 1904 to link the East Coast Main Line with the Blyth and Tyne, cut through the site of the station.

North Tyneside
North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It forms part of the greater Tyneside conurbation. North Tyneside Council is headquartered at Cobalt Park, Wallsend.

North Tyneside is bordered by Newcastle upon Tyne to the west, the North Sea to the east, the River Tyne to the south and Northumberland to the north. Within its bounds are the towns of Wallsend, North Shields, Killingworth, Tynemouth and Whitley Bay, which form a continuously built-up area contiguous with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Jiangdu Road Subdistrict
Jiangdu Road Subdistrict (Chinese: 江都路街道; pinyin: Jiāngdūlù Jiēdào) is a subdistrict inside of Hebei District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with Jianchang Avenue Subdistrict in the north, Yueyahe Subdistrict in the east, Changzhou Avenue Subdistrict in the south, and Wangchuanchang Subdistrict in the west. In 2010, it had  a total population of 60,561.

The subdistrict was created as Bahao Road Subdistrict in 1981. In 1983 It was named after Jiangdu (Chinese: 江都; lit. 'River capital') Road within the region.

Hebei, Tianjin
Hebei District (Chinese: 河北区; pinyin: Héběi Qū) is a district of the municipality of Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Its name literally means "District north of the River", as the district is located on the northern shore of the Hai River, part of the Grand Canal. Tianjin's famous Zhongshan Park lies within the district. Tianjin's North Train Station and many other train structures are also located in Hebei District. The district administers ten streets in total.
Ma Jiajue incident
Between 13 and 15 February 2004, four Yunnan University students were fatally bludgeoned in a dormitory residence in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The perpetrator, fellow student Ma Jiajue, was arrested in March 2004 after the murders were discovered. Ma was convicted of four counts of murder in April 2004 and executed in June of the same year.

The case gained significant media attention and was commonly brought up in reports on later university-related killings. Academic interest focused on the effect on student mental health the killings had at universities around China.

Mental health of Chinese students
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is essential for individuals' well-being and functioning, encompassing cognitive abilities, emotional understanding, and interpersonal interactions. Students worldwide consider psychological well-being, happiness, and contentment as essential life values. Research indicates that students' well-being is greatly influenced by specific needs, including the ability to make choices, express oneself freely, pursue passions and interests, achieve success, and feel psychologically and socially secure. Moreover, global studies suggest that an increased sense of well-being is associated with enhanced academic achievement, interpersonal relationships, and overall health.

Meanwhile, research indicates that despite scoring higher on international tests, Chinese students report lower levels of well-being compared to their counterparts in other countries.
Scaphognathops theunensis
Scaphognathops theunensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes. This species is classified by the IUCN as Critically Endangered, being endemic to the upper parts of the Nam Kading basin in Laos where it occurs in the middle and lower Nam Theun and the Nam Gnouang rivers. It needs flowing water and is threatened by the creation of reservoirs which have been created on the rivers this species is found in.

Nam Kading National Protected Area
Nam Kading National Protected Area is a national protected area in Bolikhamsai Province in central Laos. This rugged and largely inaccessible park, cut through by its namesake Nam Kading river, is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, some endangered. Due to its ruggedness, the park lacks any significant human settlement.
Outline of actuarial science
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to actuarial science:

Actuarial science – discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance and finance industries.

Yield to maturity
The yield to maturity (YTM), book yield or redemption yield of a fixed-interest security is an estimate of the total rate of return anticipated to be earned by an investor who buys it at a given market price, holds it to maturity, and receives all interest payments and the capital redemption on schedule.

It is the theoretical internal rate of return, or the overall interest rate, of a bond — the discount rate at which the present value of all future cash flows from the bond is equal to the current price of the bond. The YTM is often given in terms of annual percentage rate (APR), but more often market convention is followed. In a number of major markets, the convention is to quote annualized yields with semi-annual compounding.