hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big Snowy Group
The Big Snowy Group is a stratigraphical unit of Chesterian age in the Williston Basin.

It takes the name from Big Snowy Mountains in Montana, and was first described on the north slopes of the mountain by H.W. Smith in 1935.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang
Penangite Indians (Tamil: பினாங்கு இந்தியர்கள்; Malay: Kaum India di Pulau Pinang), also known as Chulias, are Malaysian Indians that live primarily in the state of Penang, Malaysia. Most are the descendants from those who migrated from India during the British colonisation of Malaya. However, historical sources prove that the ancient Indians arrived in Penang during the Chola dynasty. Penangite Indians forms a large percentage of the state's professional community such as business, law and medicine as well as politics, it can be proven by the appointment of Dr. P. Ramasamy as deputy chief minister of Penang. It made him the first Malaysian of Indian origin to hold the post of deputy chief minister in any state of Malaysia. In addition, first Tamil Vernacular School in Malaysia was established in Penang.

Coromandel Coast
13°22′00″N 80°20′00″E﻿ / ﻿13.3667°N 80.3333°E﻿ / 13.3667; 80.3333

The Coromandel Coast is a coastal region along the southeastern front of the Indian peninsula. Its delimitations are numerous, but generally admitted to be bounded by the Krishna river mouth to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Point Calimere cape to the south, and the Eastern Ghats to the west. Some may define its northern boundaries up to Ganjam. This region can be extending over an area of about 22,800 square kilometres. The coast has an average elevation of 80 metres and is backed by the Eastern Ghats, a chain of low lying and flat-topped hills.

The land of the Chola dynasty was called Cholamandalam in Tamil, literally translated as "the realm of the Cholas", from which Coromandel is derived.

In historical Muslim sources from the 12th century onward, the Coromandel Coast was notably called as Maʿbar Coast.
Hypoxemia
Hypoxemia (also spelled hypoxaemia) is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood. More specifically, it is oxygen deficiency in arterial blood. Hypoxemia is usually caused by  pulmonary disease. Sometimes the concentration of oxygen in the air is decreased leading to hypoxemia.

Artery
An artery (from Greek  ἀρτηρία (artēríā)) is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the umbilical arteries in the fetal circulation that carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta. It consists of a multi-layered artery wall wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.

Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.
Ken Jackson (baseball)
Kenneth Bernard Jackson (born August 21, 1963) is a former Major League Baseball player. Jackson played for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1987.

Jackson attended Waskom High School in Waskom, Texas where, as a junior in 1980, he helped the school win a state championship. As a senior in 1981, he led Waskom to the state finals. Jackson was a pitcher in high school but, due to his small stature, was converted to infield at Angelina College. He signed a contract with the Phillies in 1982 and began his professional baseball career in Helena, Montana.

Angelina College
Angelina College is a public community college with its main campus in Lufkin, Texas. The college enrolls more than 4,000 students in its undergraduate degree programs. In addition to its academic/vocational programs, the college has a community services division that oversees the college's Adult Education Consortium, Continuing Education Units, and Career Development initiatives.
Mount Balungao
Mount Balungao is an isolated inactive volcano located in Pangasinan, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Rising to a height of 382 metres (1,253 ft) ASL, it is located in the town of Balungao, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the town center. It is the main tourist attraction of the town, along with the Balungao Hot and Cold Spring Resort nearby.  Mount Balungao is listed as an inactive volcano by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS).

The volcano is located in the flat agricultural region, near the border of the Province of Nueva Ecija.

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS, Filipino: [ˈfivolks]; Filipino: Surian ng Pilipinas sa Bulkanolohiya at Sismolohiya) is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in support of economic, productivity, and sustainable development. It is one of the service agencies of the Department of Science and Technology.

PHIVOLCS monitors volcano, earthquake, and tsunami activity, and issues warnings as necessary. It is mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from such volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other related geotectonic phenomena.
Arthur Fahr
Arthur 'Pius' Fahr (1898 – 9 May 1968) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel.

'Pius' Fahr started his playing career as goalkeeper and in later years he played mainly in the position as forward. Between the years 1914 and 1927 he played a total of 208 games for Basel scoring a total of 18 goals. 112 of these games were in the Swiss Serie A and 96 were friendly games. He scored 6 goals in the domestic league, the other 12 were scored during the test games. He scored his first goal for Basel in the home game against Aarau on 19 March 1922. It was the winning goal in the 2–1 victory.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
2017 Wheelchair Doubles Masters – Quad doubles
Nick Taylor and David Wagner defeated the defending champions Antony Cotterill and Andrew Lapthorne in a rematch of the previous year's final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the quad title at the 2017 Wheelchair Doubles Masters.

David Wagner (tennis)
David Wagner (born March 4, 1974) is an American wheelchair tennis player. Paralyzed from the mid-chest down and with thirty percent function in his hands, he competes in the quad division. He plays by taping the tennis racket to his hand. He is currently ranked number three in the world in singles and number two in doubles.
Suruj Mia
Suruj Mia (Bengali: সুরুজ মিয়া) is a 1984 Bangladeshi film directed by Kazi Arefin and stars Tarik Anam, Fakhrul Hasan Boiragi and Suborna Mustafa. Boiragi earned the Bachsas Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1984 for his performance. It was displayed at a film festival in Sylhet in 2017.

Bachsas Awards
The Bachsas Awards were introduced in 1972 to encourage the fledgling film industry of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Cholochitra Sangbadik Samity (Bangladesh Cine-Journalists' Association) gave its most prestigious awards to outstanding performers in film, television, music, dance and theatre.
Navachab Gold Mine
The Navachab Gold Mine is an open-pit gold mine situated near Karibib, in the Erongo Region of Namibia. The operation is owned by QKR.

Navachab, the oldest gold mine in Namibia, takes its name from the local Navachab farm, where the gold deposit was found. The deposit is located 6 km south of the Okahandja-Swakopmund road.

Okahandja
Okahandja is a city of 45,159 inhabitants in Otjozondjupa Region, central Namibia, and the district capital of the Okahandja electoral constituency. It is known as the Garden Town of Namibia. It is located 70 km north of Windhoek on the B1 road. It was founded around 1800, by two local groups, the Herero and the Nama.
Albany Municipal Airport (Oregon)
Albany Municipal Airport (FAA LID: S12) is a general aviation and limited commercial service aviation airport located 3 nautical miles (6 km) east of the city of Albany in Linn County, Oregon, United States. It is publicly owned and operated by the City of Albany. It is the oldest known operating airfield in Oregon, having opened in 1920.

There are 58 aircraft based at the municipal airport; 49 single engine airplanes, 7 multi-engine, and 2 jet airplanes. On average there are 62 aircraft operations per day.

Linn County, Oregon
Linn County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2023 census population estimates, the population was 131,496. The county seat is Albany. The county is named in the honor of Lewis F. Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri who advocated the American settlement of the Oregon Country. Linn County comprises the Albany, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley. In 2010, the center of population of Oregon was located in Linn County, near the city of Lyons.
Chyasmitar
Chyasmitar is a town and Village Development Committee  in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,167 persons living in 412 individual households. The Tilung language is spoken in Chyasmitar.

Sagarmatha Zone
Sagarmāthā Zone (Nepali: सगरमाथा अञ्चल, [sʌgʌrmatʰa ʌnt͡sʌl] ⓘ "Sagarmāthā Anchal") was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones into provinces. The headquarters of Sagarmatha is Rajbiraj. Sagarmāthā is a Nepali word which as per some sources, is derived from सगर ("sagar", sky) and माथा ("māthā", head).

It includes mountain districts of the Himalayas (including the world's highest peak Mount Everest) in the north, hill districts in the center, and valley districts of the Terai in the south. It is bordered by China to the north, India to the south, the Kosi Zone to the east and the Janakpur Zone to the west.
Primate (bishop)
Primate (/ˈpraɪmət/; Latin: Primas) is a title or rank bestowed on some important archbishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority (title of authority) or (usually) ceremonial precedence (title of honour).

Title of honor
A title of honor or honorary title is a title bestowed upon individuals or organizations as an award in recognition of their merits.

Sometimes the title bears the same or nearly the same name as a title of authority, but the person bestowed does not have to carry out any duties, except for ceremonial ones. The title may sometimes be temporary, only valid for the individual's visit or for a single day, though they can also be permanent titles. In some cases, these titles are bestowed posthumously.

Some historical honorary titles may be bought, like certain titles of nobility. This has long been a matter of fraud, both outright and indirect. Honorary titles also serve as positions of sinecure and honorary retirement.
White House Farm (Jefferson County, West Virginia)
White House Farm, also known as White House Tavern and the Dr. John McCormick House, listed in the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Jefferson County, West Virginia, near the small town of Summit Point, about six miles from Charles Town, West Virginia.  The farm consists of a ca. 1740 farmhouse, a stone barn (the oldest standing in West Virginia), a springhouse of about the same age, a wooden curing shed, and 60+ acres of pasture and woods.  The farm is one of the oldest in the county and has a rich history.

Summit Point, West Virginia
Summit Point is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County in the U.S. state of West Virginia.

The community is located along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at the intersection of West Virginia Secondary Route 1 and Summit Point Pike in the lower Shenandoah Valley.

It was the birthplace of James Carson Breckinridge, A Marine Corps General and Recipient of the Navy Cross and the Order of Military Merit
German submarine U-1104
German submarine U-1104 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 14 October 1941, and was laid down on 29 June 1943, at Nordseewerke, Emden, as yard number 226. She was launched on 7 December 1943, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Rüdiger Perleberg on 15 March 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Knight v Knight
Knight v Knight (1840) 49 ER 58 is an English trusts law case, embodying a simple statement of the "three certainties" principle. This has the effect of determining whether assets can be disposed of in wills, or whether the wording of the will is too vague to allow beneficiaries to collect what appears on the face of the will to be theirs.  The case has been followed in most common law jurisdictions.

Beneficiary (trust)
In trust law, a beneficiary (also known by the Law French terms cestui que use and cestui que trust), is the person or persons who are entitled to the benefit of any trust arrangement.  A beneficiary will normally be a natural person, but it is perfectly possible to have a company as the beneficiary of a trust, and this often happens in sophisticated commercial transaction structures. With the exception of charitable trusts, and some specific anomalous non-charitable purpose trusts, all trusts are required to have ascertainable beneficiaries.

Generally speaking, there are no strictures as to who may be a beneficiary of a trust; a beneficiary can be a minor, or under a mental disability (in fact many trusts are created specifically for persons with those legal disadvantages). It is also possible to have trusts for unborn children, although the trusts must vest within the applicable perpetuity period.
Tourist sternwheelers of Oregon
Since the early 1980s, several non-steam-powered sternwheel riverboats have been built and operated on major waterways in the U.S. state of Oregon, primarily the Willamette and Columbia Rivers, as river cruise ships used for tourism.  Although configured as sternwheelers, they are not paddle steamers, but rather are motor vessels that are only replicas of paddle steamers.  They are powered instead by diesel engines.  The Lurdine (now Rose) was, when launched in 1983, "the first passenger-carrying sternwheeler in decades to [operate] on the Columbia River". In the case of the 1983-built M.V. Columbia Gorge, the construction and operation of a tourist sternwheeler was led by local government officials who viewed the idea as potentially being a major tourist attraction, giving an economic boost to their area, Cascade Locks, Oregon.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Shivananda
Swami Shivananda (1854–1934), born Tarak Nath Ghosal, was a Hindu spiritual leader and a direct disciple of Ramakrishna, who became the second president of the Ramakrishna Mission. His devotees refer to him as Mahapurush Maharaj (Great Soul). Shivananda and Subodhananda were the only direct disciples of Ramakrishna to be filmed. He was a Brahmajnani ("knower of Brahman or the Supreme Being"). 
Shivananda introduced the celebration of the birthdays of his brother-monks. He was known to have laid the foundation stone of Shri Ramakrishna Temple at Belur Math, which was designed by Vijnanananda.

Ramakrishna Math
Ramakrishna Math is the administrative and legal organisation of the Ramakrishna Order. It was set up by sanyasin disciples of Ramakrishna Paramhansa headed by Swami Vivekananda at Baranagar Math in Baranagar, near Calcutta (now Kolkata), in 1886. India. The headquarters of the Ramakrishna Math and its twin organisation, the Ramakrishna Mission is at Belur Math (in West Bengal, India).

Although Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission are legally and financially separate, they are closely inter-related in several other ways and are to be regarded as twin organisations. All branch centres of the Ramakrishna Math come under the administrative control of the Board of Trustees, whereas all branch centres of the Ramakrishna Mission come under the administrative control of the Governing Body of Ramakrishna Mission.
Ruizia
Ruizia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. It contains 13 species native mostly to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion), and one species native to Madagascar.

The genus was described in 1786 by Antonio José Cavanilles, and named for Spanish botanist Hipólito Ruiz López (1754–1815).  It was long thought to contain a single species, Ruizia cordata, endemic to Réunion. In 2021 the genus was re-circumscribed to include the genus Trochetia and several species formerly classed in genus Dombeya.

Antonio José Cavanilles
Antonio José Cavanilles (16 January 1745 – 5 May 1804) was a leading Spanish taxonomic botanist, artist and one of the most important figures in the 18th century period of Enlightenment in Spain.

Cavanilles is most famous for his 2-volume book on Spanish flora, published in 1795 and titled ‘Observations on the Natural History, Geography and Agriculture of the Kingdom of Valencia’.He named many plants, particularly from Oceania. He named at least 100 genera, about 54 of which were still used in 2004, including Dahlia, Calycera, Cobaea, Galphimia, and Oleandra. The standard author abbreviation Cav. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Vincent Margera
Vincent Roy Margera (July 3, 1956 – November 15, 2015), commonly known as Don Vito, was an American reality television personality. He was known for his appearances in Viva La Bam, Jackass, Haggard, and the CKY series alongside his nephew Bam and brother Phil.

West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,671 at the 2020 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships.

Much of the West Chester University North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
T. H. Mathis House
The T. H. Mathis House, at 612 Church St. in Rockport, Texas, is a historic Greek Revival-style house built in 1867.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.  The residence was long owned by the same family.

It is a one-story five-bay framed cottage on a raised basement, and is a "very refined" late example of Greek Revival style.  Its piano nobile (raised main floor) is approached "by a flaired staircase which intensifies the dramatic effect of the raised entrance. The entrance portico is supported by two pairs of square fluted wooden columns on a plinth base with finely molded capitals. The pilasters at the juncture of the portico and the main block of the house repeat the design of the columns, as do the corner pilasters on the east or main facade."  Its entry doorway has sidelights and a transom.

The house was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey.

Piano nobile
Piano nobile (Italian for "noble floor" or "noble level", also sometimes referred to by the corresponding French term, bel étage 'beautiful storey') is the architectural term for the principal floor of a palazzo. This floor contains the main reception and bedrooms of the house.

The German term is Beletage (from the French). Both date to the 17th century.
Emmanuel Desgeorges
Emmanuel Desgeorges (born 15 May 1970) is a French former professional footballer who played as a centre forward. He played in Ligue 2 with FC Gueugnon, Amiens SC and ES Wasquehal.

He later was a trainer for RC Vichy.

FC Gueugnon
Football Club Gueugnonnais (commonly called Gueugnon [ɡøɲɔ̃]) is a French association football club based in Gueugnon, Burgundy. The club was formed in 1940 and plays its home matches at the Stade Jean Laville located within the city.

The club has spent majority of its history in the second and third tiers of French football, with a short spell in the top flight. It has had success at national level, most notably winning the League Cup in 2000, Ligue 2 in 1979 and reaching the semi-finals of the French Cup in 1991.

The club faced bankruptcy in 2011 and subsequently reformed in the sixth tier; since then it has aimed to climb back up the league pyramid.
Kalpana Raghavendar
Kalpana Raghavendar (born 8 May 1980)  is an Indian playback singer, winner of Idea Star Singer Malayalam and participant in Bigg Boss Telugu Season 1, songwriter and actor.  She started her career as a playback singer at the age of five and, by 2013, had recorded 1,500 tracks and performed in 3,000 shows in India and abroad.

In 2010, she was the winner of the south Indian singing show Star Singer season 5, broadcast by the Malayalam TV channel Asianet. She is a judge of Super Singer Junior.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.