hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Bayelsa State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Bayelsa State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Bayelsa State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

2023 Nigerian House of Representatives election
The 2023 Nigerian House of Representatives elections were held on 25 February 2023 where voters  elected members of the House of Representatives using first-past-the-post voting in all 360 federal constituencies. The last regular House elections for all districts were in 2019.

Other federal elections, including the Senate elections and the presidential election, held on the same date while state elections were held two weeks afterwards on 18 March. The winners of these House elections will serve beginning in the 10th Nigerian National Assembly. The APC have held a majority in the House of Representatives since the 2015 elections and solidified that majority in 2019.
Ball cactus
The term ball cactus is usually applied to the species of:

Parodia (syn. Notocactus), a South American cactus genus often kept as houseplants

It has also been applied to any ball-shaped cactus, notably plants from all of the following genera:

And more specifically to:

Escobaria missouriensis, the Missouri foxtail cactus or common ball cactus

Escobaria vivipara, the spinystar or purple ball cactus

Gymnocalycium mihanovichii, the ruby ball or "moon" cactus

Parodia leninghausii, the golden ball cactus or lemon ball cactus

Parodia magnifica, the ball cactus or balloon cactus

Parodia scopa, the silver ball cactus

Pediocactus simpsonii, the mountain ball cactus

Pelecyphora vivipara
Pelecyphora vivipara is a species of cactus known by several common names, including spinystar, viviparous foxtail cactus, pincushion cactus and ball cactus. It is native to North America, where certain varieties can be found from Mexico to Canada. Most of these varieties are limited to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. The species epithet "vivipara" was likely a reference to the plants tendency to produce offsets, or "pups", but there is no evidence that it is truly viviparous.
Peschiera del Garda railway station
Peschiera del Garda railway station (Italian: Stazione di Peschiera del Garda) serves the town and comune of Peschiera del Garda, in the region of Veneto, northern Italy.  Opened in 1854, it forms part of the Milan–Venice railway.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company. The train services are operated by Trenitalia and Trenord.

Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ferroˈviːe dello ˈstaːto itaˈljaːne]; lit. 'Italian State Railways JSC'; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the initialism FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate services and other services in Italy and other European countries.
S/2006 S 1
S/2006 S 1 is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on June 26, 2006 from observations taken between January 4 and April 30, 2006. S/2006 S 1 is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18.65 million km in 951.1 days, at an inclination of 154.6° to the ecliptic (178.9° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.0814.

The moon was once considered lost in 2006 as it was not seen since its discovery. The moon was later recovered and announced in October 2019.

David C. Jewitt
David Clifford Jewitt (born 1958) is an astronomer who studies the Solar System, especially its minor bodies. He is based at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he is a Member of the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, the Director of the Institute for Planets and Exoplanets, Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences. He is best known for being the first person (along with Jane Luu) to discover a body beyond Pluto and Charon in the Kuiper belt.
Podkamennaya Tunguska (rural locality)
Podkamennaya Tunguska (Russian: Подка́менная Тунгу́ска) is a rural locality (a village) in Borsky Selsoviet of Turukhansky District in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Podkamennaya Tunguska and Yenisei Rivers on the Yenisei River's side opposite to the settlement of Bor and the Podkamennaya Tunguska Airport. It had a population of 41 as of 2010.

Within the framework of municipal divisions, the village is a part of Borsky Rural Settlement in Turukhansky Municipal District.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Moscow Province
The Moscow Province (Russian: Московская провинция) was a province of Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire, which existed 1719–1775. Its center was the city of Moscow.

Moscow province was formed as part of the Moscow gubernya by decree of Peter the Great in 1719. The cities of Moscow, Borisovo, Borovsk, Vereya, Volokolamsk, Dmitrov, Zvenigorod, Kashira, Klin, Kolomna, Maloyaroslavets, Mozhaysk, Ruza, Serpukhov with Obolensk and Tarusa counties were included in the province.

In November 1775, the division of gubernyas into provinces was abolished.

Maloyaroslavets
Maloyaroslavets (Russian: Малояросла́вец) is a town and the administrative center of Maloyaroslavetsky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Luzha River (Oka's basin), 61 kilometers (38 mi) northeast of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 41,836 (2021 census); 30,392 (2010 census); 31,606 (2002 census); 26,582 (1989 Soviet census). 21,200 (1970).
1909 Hawick Burghs by-election
The 1909 Hawick Burghs by-election was held on 5 March 1909.  The by-election was held due to the resignation  of the incumbent Liberal MP, Thomas Shaw.  It was won by the Liberal candidate John Barran.

UK parliamentary by-elections
In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary by-election occurs following a vacancy arising in the House of Commons. They are often seen as a test of the rival political parties' fortunes between general elections.
Siduction
Siduction is the second studio album by Nigerian pop singer Dr Sid. It was released on 20 December 2013 by Mavin Records. The album features guest appearances from Don Jazzy, Tiwa Savage, Ice Prince, Alexandra Burke, and Emma Nyra. It was primarily produced by Don Jazzy, along with additional production from Baby Fresh, Altims, and BlayzeBeats. The album was supported by the singles "Lady Don Dada", "Love Mine", "Talented", "Baby Tornado", "Baby Tornado (Remix)", "Surulere" and "Kilon Wa". Its deluxe edition was released on 23 December 2013, and features collaborations with Wizkid, Sarkodie, Phyno, E.L and Lynxxx. Three extra singles were released from the deluxe edition, the three being, "Afefe", "Chocolate (West African Remix)" and "Surulere (Remix)".

EL (rapper)
Elom Adablah (born 28 June 1989), better known by his stage name E.L, is a Ghanaian Afrobeats musician, rapper, singer and producer.

E.L's singles include "Obuu Mo", "Kaalu", "One Ghana", "Auntie Martha", "Shelele", "Mi Naa Bo Po", "Koko" and "KaaBuAme", "See me Sometime", "Abaa" and "Pay Like a Boss". His debut album was Something Else (2012). E.L released a mixtape he calls The BAR (Best African Rapper) and in 2017, he released the fourth one called BAR IV.

He won Artiste of the Year and Hiplife/Hip-Hop Artiste of the Year at the 2015/2016 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards.
Scimitar syndrome
Scimitar syndrome, or congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome, is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by anomalous venous return from the right lung (to the systemic venous drainage, rather than directly to the left atrium). This anomalous pulmonary venous return can be either partial (PAPVR) or total (TAPVR). The syndrome associated with PAPVR is more commonly known as Scimitar syndrome after the curvilinear pattern created on a chest radiograph by the pulmonary veins that drain to the inferior vena cava. This radiographic density often has the shape of a scimitar, a type of curved sword. The syndrome was first described by Catherine Neill in 1960.

Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (or anomalous pulmonary venous drainage or anomalous pulmonary venous return) is a congenital heart defect of the pulmonary veins. It can involve either all four pulmonary veins being incorrectly positioned (total anomalous pulmonary venous connection) or only some veins being incorrectly positioned (partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection).
John Graham (Nunavut politician)
John Graham is a Canadian politician, who was elected mayor of Iqaluit, Nunavut in the 2012 municipal election.

Prior to being elected mayor, Graham worked as manager of the Iqaluit Airport.

In June 2014, Graham stepped down from the mayor's position. Deputy mayor Mary Wilman served as acting mayor after his resignation, until being selected as mayor in a council vote on November 25.

Iqaluit Airport
Iqaluit Airport (Inuktitut: ᐃᖃᓗᖕᓂ ᒥᑦᑕᕐᕕᒃ) (IATA: YFB, ICAO: CYFB) is an airport in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada. It hosts scheduled passenger service from Ottawa, Rankin Inlet, and Kuujjuaq on carriers such as Canadian North, and from smaller communities throughout eastern Nunavut. It is also used as a forward operating base by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). In 2011, the terminal handled more than 120,000 passengers.

The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers.

The airport serves as a diversion airport on polar routes.

The airport is owned by the Government of Nunavut (GN) and operated, under a 30-year contract, by Nunavut Airport Services. The company is a subsidiary of Winnipeg Airport Services Corporation, which in turn is a subsidiary of Winnipeg Airports Authority.
Petr Migunov
Petr Migunov (Russian: Пётр Викторович Мигунов; born August 24, 1974) is a Russian opera and classical singer (bass) who graduated from the Saint Petersburg Conservatory and was a winner of both the Tokyo and Salzburg Competitions in 1997 and 1999 respectively. He is well known for his performances as the bass soloist in Beethoven's Ninth Symphony as well as in the requiems of Mozart and Faure. He is also known for his singing of operatic bass roles such as Mephistopheles in Faust, Prince Gremin in Eugene Onegin, René in Iolanta and Don Iñigo in L'heure espagnole. In 2000 he performed at both Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center Theater and since that time performs in Russia where he is a soloist of the Bolshoi Theatre.

L'heure espagnole
L'heure espagnole is a French one-act opera from 1911, described as a comédie musicale, with music by Maurice Ravel to a French libretto by Franc-Nohain, based on Franc-Nohain's 1904 play ('comédie-bouffe') of the same name The opera, set in Spain in the 18th century, is about a clockmaker whose unfaithful wife attempts to make love to several different men while he is away, leading to them hiding in, and eventually getting stuck in, her husband's clocks. The title can be translated literally as "The Spanish Hour", but the word "heure" also means "time" – "Spanish Time", with the connotation "How They Keep Time in Spain".

The original play had first been performed at the Théâtre de l'Odéon on 28 October 1904. Ravel began working on the music as early as 1907, and the opera was first performed at the Opéra-Comique on 19 May 1911.
Amino acid replacement
Amino acid replacement is a change from one amino acid to a different amino acid in a protein due to point mutation in the corresponding DNA sequence. It is caused by nonsynonymous missense mutation which changes the codon sequence to code other amino acid instead of the original.

Missense mutation
In genetics, a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. It is a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Missense mutations change amino acids, which in turn alter proteins and may alter a protein's function or structure. These mutations may arise spontaneously from mutagens like UV radiation, tobacco smoke, an error in DNA replication, and other factors. Screening for missense mutations can be done by sequencing the genome of an organism and comparing the sequence to a reference genome to analyze for differences. Missense mutations can be repaired by the cell when there are errors in DNA replication by using mechanisms such as DNA proofreading and mismatch repair. They can also be repaired by using genetic engineering technologies or pharmaceuticals. Some notable examples of human diseases caused by missense mutations are Rett syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and sickle-cell disease.
S-444,823
S-444,823 is a drug developed by Shionogi which is a cannabinoid agonist. It was developed as an antipruritic, and has moderate selectivity for the CB2 subtype, having a CB2 affinity of 18nM, and 32x selectivity over the CB1 receptor. In animal studies it showed analgesic effects and strongly reduced itching responses, but without producing side effects such as sedation and catalepsy that are seen with centrally acting CB1 agonists.

Cannabinoid receptor 2
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in cannabis, and other phytocannabinoids (plant cannabinoids). The principal endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor is 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

CB2 was cloned in 1993 by a research group from Cambridge looking for a second cannabinoid receptor that could explain the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol. The receptor was identified among cDNAs based on its similarity in amino acid sequence to the CB1 receptor, discovered in 1990. The discovery of this receptor helped provide a molecular explanation for the established effects of cannabinoids on the immune system.
QwaQwa
Qwaqwa was a Bantustan ("homeland") in the central eastern part of South Africa. It encompassed a very small region of 655 square kilometres (253 sq mi) in the east of the former South African province of Orange Free State, bordering Lesotho. Its capital was Witsieshoek. It was the designated homeland of more than 180,000 Sesotho-speaking Basotho people.

The frequent snow on the Maloti mountain peaks led the San to call the region "Qwaqwa" (whiter than white). In Afrikaans it was known as "Witsieshoek", after Oetse (also Witsie and Wetsi), a Makholokoe chief who lived there from 1839 to 1856.

Three tribes lived in the region, the Makholokoe, Bakoena and the Batlokoa. In 1969 they were united and the area was named "KwaKwa". In the same year, the name was changed to "QwaQwa".

Tlôkwa people
The term Batlôkwa (also Batlokoa, or Badogwa) refers to several Kgatla communities that reside in Botswana,  Lesotho and South Africa.

It comprises the followers of Tlôkwa kings and the members of clans identified as Tlôkwa, or individuals who identify themselves as of Tlôkwa descent. Most of the Batlôkwa clans trace their royal lineages to Kgwadi son of King Tabane, who was the father and founder of the Batlokwa nation. The Tlôkwa considers the Tlokwe-cat as their original totem which has since become extinct due to over-hunting for its fur, which was used by clan chiefs.
Caribou-Speckled Mountain Wilderness
Caribou-Speckled Mountain Wilderness is an 11,236-acre (4,547 ha) wilderness area under the jurisdiction of the White Mountain National Forest in the U.S. state of Maine.  Established in 1990, the Wilderness contains an abundance of geologic features such as cliffs, slides, notches, and glacial potholes among a forest of northern hardwood trees. Streams run out of the area that form tributaries to the Saco and Androscoggin Rivers.

The high point of the wilderness is Speckled Mountain at 2,906 feet (885 m).  Mt. Caribou is the second highest at 2,840 feet (865 m).  According to the U.S. Forest Service, "Mt. Caribou got its name after two brothers shot the last caribou in the region there in 1854. Their names are carved on the top of the mountain."

Giant's kettle
A giant's kettle, also known as either a giant's cauldron, moulin pothole, or glacial pothole, is a typically large and cylindrical pothole drilled in solid rock underlying a glacier either by water descending down a deep moulin or by gravel rotating in the bed of subglacial meltwater stream. The interiors of potholes tend to be smooth and regular, unlike a plunge pool.
Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam
Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam, is a botanical garden, an ex situ conservation park, first of its kind in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The park is located in the premises of the Rani Chandramani Devi Government Hospital. It extends over 3 acres (1.2 ha). Dolphin Nature Conservation Society (DNCS), Visakhapatnam, a registered, eco-friendly, non-government organization, has maintained it for 13 years and is now maintaining it in collaboration with the hospital and Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority. The park was inaugurated on 5 June 2002. This park has more than 2,000 species of plants. and has recorded visits by 60 species of birds and 105 species of butterflies. The park has become a "living laboratory" for education, awareness and research for students, and botanists, zoologists and researchers.

Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority
The Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority (VMRDA) is the urban planning agency of Visakhapatnam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was formed by expanding the existing Visakhapatnam Urban Development Authority (VUDA). The VMRDA administers the Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region, spread over an area of 7,328.86 km2 (2,829.69 sq mi)  and covers the districts of Visakhapatnam,Vizianagaram and Anakapalli. It was set up for the purposes of planning, co-ordination, supervising, promoting and securing the planned development of the Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region. It coordinates the development activities of the municipal corporations, municipalities and other local authorities.
Diethyl sulfate
Diethyl sulfate (DES) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (C2H5)2SO4. It occurs as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odor. It is a toxic, combustible, and likely carcinogenic chemical compound. Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
VII Zw 466
VII Zw 466 is a collision ring galaxy located 650 million light years from Earth in the tail of the Constellation of Draco. It can also be described as a “empty ring galaxy” due to the lack of stuff at the center where the galactic core would normally be. The origin of the ring shape of VII Zw 466 is from a slightly off-center collision with a high-speed intruder galaxy that was small but massive galaxy. The collision between the two galaxies produced a rapidly expanding density wave in the disk. This collision also produced a high star formation rate.

The disk of this galaxy has a large asymmetry in the radio continuum. This could be due to the disk of VII Zw 466 trapping cosmic ray particles or an enhanced rate of supernova activity.

Galactic disc
A galactic disc (or galactic disk) is a component of disc galaxies, such as spiral galaxies like the Milky Way and lenticular galaxies. Galactic discs consist of a stellar component (composed of most of the galaxy's stars) and a gaseous component (mostly composed of cool gas and dust). The stellar population of galactic discs tend to exhibit very little random motion with most of its stars undergoing nearly circular orbits about the galactic center. Discs can be fairly thin because the disc material's motion lies predominantly on the plane of the disc (very little vertical motion). The Milky Way's disc, for example, is approximately 1 kilolight-year thick, but thickness can vary for discs in other galaxies.
Margaret Wander Bonanno
Margaret Wander Bonanno (February 7, 1950 – April 6, 2021) was an American science fiction writer, ghost writer, and small press publisher. She wrote seven Star Trek novels, science fiction novels (including The Others series and the Preternatural series), a collaborative novel with Nichelle Nichols, a biography, and other works.

Collaborative fiction
Collaborative fiction is a form of writing by a group of authors who share creative control of a story.

Collaborative fiction can occur for commercial gain, as part of education, or recreationally – many collaboratively written works have been the subject of a large degree of academic research.
Susan Ciriclio
Susan Efay Ciriclio (November 27, 1946 -August 19, 2018), also known as S.E. Ciriclio, was an American photographer and educator particularly known for her photographic mapping project "Neighborhood".

She lived and worked in Oakland, California. Ciriclio worked for 40 years as a professor of photography at California College of the Arts (CCA), retiring as Professor Emerita in 2017.

Mills College at Northeastern University
Mills College at Northeastern University in Oakland, California is part of Northeastern University's global university system. Mills College was founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in 1852 in Benicia, California; it was relocated to Oakland in 1871 and became the second women's college west of the Rockies. In 2022, it merged with Northeastern University.