hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Saxon phonology
The phonology of Old Saxon mirrors that of the other ancient Germanic languages, and also, to a lesser extent, that of modern West Germanic languages such as English, Dutch, Frisian, German, and Low German.

Old Saxon is an Ingvaeonic language, which means that it belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Germanic languages and that it is particularly closely related to Old English and Old Frisian. Thus, anyone looking at Old Saxon phonology will recognize some typical West-Germanic phonological features also found in Old English, such as gemination and the different pronunciations of the letter g.

Middle Low German
Middle Low German is a developmental stage of Low German. It developed from the Old Saxon language in the Middle Ages and has been documented in writing since about 1225–34 (Sachsenspiegel). During the Hanseatic period (from about 1300 to about 1600), Middle Low German was the leading written language in the north of Central Europe and served as a lingua franca in the northern half of Europe. It was used parallel to medieval Latin also for purposes of diplomacy and for deeds.
1985 Meath County Council election
An election to Meath County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of the Irish local elections. 29 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended for a further year, to 1991.

Local electoral area
A local electoral area (LEA; Irish: toghlimistéar áitiúil) is an electoral area for elections to local authorities in Ireland. All elections use the single transferable vote. Ireland is divided into 166 LEAs, with an average population of 28,700 and average area of 423.3 square kilometres (163.4 sq mi). The boundaries of LEAs are determined by order of the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage, usually based on lower-level units called electoral divisions (EDs), with a total of 3,440 EDs in the state.

As well as their use for electoral purposes, LEAs are local administrative units in Eurostat NUTS classification. They are used in local numbers of cases of COVID-19.
Anthony Mary Claret
Anthony Mary Claret, CMF (born Antoni Maria Claret i Clarà; Spanish: Antonio María Claret y Clarà; December 23, 1807 – October 24, 1870) was a Spanish Catholic prelate and missionary who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba and was the confessor of Isabella II of Spain. He founded the congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, commonly called the Claretians.

In addition to the Claretians, which in the early 21st century had over 450 houses and 3100 members, with missions in five continents, Claret founded or drew up the rules of several communities of religious sisters. His zealous life and the wonders he wrought, both before and after his death, testified to his sanctity. Claret is the patron saint of weavers.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Muhammad Shabana
Muhammad Shabaneh (Arabic: محمد شبانة‎; 1973 – 13 May 2025), also known by his nickname Abu Anas (Arabic: أبو أنس), was the commander of the Rafah Brigade in the military wing of Hamas, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. Under his command were about four battalions.

It was reported that Shabaneh had a large extended family in Sinai, Egypt. In leaflets dropped by the IDF in Gaza in November 2023, a bounty of $500,000 was offered for his capture.

In May 2025, the IDF and Shin Bet claimed that de facto leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip Mohammed Sinwar was targeted in an Israeli airstrike on a bunker under the Gaza European Hospital in Khan Yunis. The strike killed 26 people, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. According to the Saudi channel Al-Hadath, Shabaneh's body was recovered from the tunnel along with Sinwar.

Khan Yunis
31°20′40″N 34°18′11″E﻿ / ﻿31.34444°N 34.30306°E﻿ / 31.34444; 34.30306

Khan Yunis (Arabic: خان يونس, lit. 'khan (caravanserai) [of] Yunis'), also spelled Khan Younis or Khan Yunus, is a city in the southern Gaza Strip, Palestine, and serves as the capital of the Khan Yunis Governorate. It has been largely destroyed during the Gaza war.

Before the 14th century, Khan Yunis was a village known as "Salqah". A vast caravanserai, today known as Barquq Castle, was constructed there by the emir Yunis al-Nawruzi in 1387–88, an official of the Mamluk Empire to protect caravans, pilgrims, and travellers.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Khan Yunis had a population of 205,125 in 2017. Khan Yunis, which lies only four kilometres (2+1⁄2 miles) east of the Mediterranean Sea, has a semi-arid climate with temperature of 30 °C maximum in summer and 10 °C minimum in winter, with an annual rainfall of approximately 260 mm (10.2 in).
Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Chortkiv
The Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Ukrainian: Церква Непорочного Зачаття Пречистої Діви Марії) is a Greek Catholic parish church in Chortkiv of the Chortkiv urban hromada in the Chortkiv Raion of the Ternopil Oblast, in Ukraine.

Chortkiv urban hromada
Chortkiv urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Чортківська міська територіальна громада, romanized: Chortkivska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada (municipality) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Chortkiv.

Chortkiv urban hromada has a territory of 127.5 square kilometres (49.2 sq mi), as well as a population of 36,632 (As of 2023).
Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty
The Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty was the first treaty between Japan and the Qing dynasty. It was signed on 13 September 1871 in Tientsin by Date Munenari and Plenipotentiary Li Hongzhang.

The treaty guaranteed the judiciary rights of Consuls, and fixed trade tariffs between the two countries.

The treaty was ratified in the spring of 1873 and was applied until the First Sino-Japanese War, which led to a renegotiation with the Treaty of Shimonoseki.

Li Hongzhang
Li Hongzhang, Marquess Suyi (Chinese: 李鴻章; also Li Hung-chang; February 15, 1823 – November 7, 1901) was a Chinese statesman of the late Qing dynasty. He held important positions in the Qing government, including the Viceroy of Zhili, Huguang and Liangguang. He was the founder and commander of the Huai Army and the Beiyang Fleet, and a leader of the Self-Strengthening Movement.

One of the best-known Chinese figures of his time internationally, Li was the face of the Qing court in foreign affairs and was often compared to the "Oriental Bismarck." He antagonized the British by supporting Russia as a counterweight to Japanese expansion in Manchuria, and later fell out of favor domestically following China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War. His legacy in China remains controversial, particularly over his role in suppressing several uprisings, his diplomatic record amid Western powers, and the mixed outcomes of his industrial and military modernization efforts.
Akiko Iwasaki
Akiko Iwasaki (岩崎明子, Iwasaki Akiko; born September 13, 1970) is a Sterling Professor of Immunobiology and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at Yale University. She is also a principal investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Her research interests include innate immunity, autophagy, inflammasomes, sexually transmitted infections, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, respiratory virus infections, influenza infection, T cell immunity, commensal bacteria, COVID-19, and long COVID.

Iwasaki was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2018. She was the 2023–2024 president of the American Association of Immunologists.

Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1  and 2  (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are two members of the human Herpesviridae family, a set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are very common and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person begins shedding the virus.

As of 2016, about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 had HSV-1. Because it can be transmitted through any intimate contact, it is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.
Leeds New Lane railway station
Leeds New Lane was a proposed new railway station to accommodate High Speed Two rail services  in West Yorkshire, England. It was planned to be constructed on a viaduct on New Lane south of Leeds city centre, the River Aire and Leeds City station to which it would be connected by an elevated walkway.  The site is occupied by Central Park, a small low-rise office park built in the 1990s and other small office buildings.

Whilst originally the preferred station option, a November 2015 review of the phase two route instead proposed that the Leeds HS2 platforms should join onto the side of the existing Leeds station. Unlike New Lane, this would have provided a common concourse for easy interchange between high speed and classic rail services.

River Aire
The River Aire is a major river in Yorkshire, England, 92 miles (148 km) in length. Part of the river below Leeds is canalised, and is known as the Aire and Calder Navigation.

The Handbook for Leeds and Airedale (1890) notes that the distance from Malham to Howden is 58 miles (93 km) direct, but the river's meanderings extend that to 90 miles (140 km). Between Malham Tarn and Airmyn, the river drops 1,300 feet (400 m).
Meg Weinberger
Meg Weinberger (born October 16) is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the Florida House of Representatives for the 94th district. She moved to Florida in 1979. She graduated from Phillips Business College and Palm Beach State College. Weinberger lives in Palm Beach Gardens and works as a development director. She has "established animal therapy programs for children and adults with special needs". She is a Christian.

Palm Beach State College
Palm Beach State College is a public college in Lake Worth, Florida.  It is part of the Florida College System. Palm Beach State College enrolls nearly 25,000 students in over 100 programs of study including bachelor of applied science, associate in arts and associate in science degree programs, and short-term certificates, as well as continuing education and avocational courses. In 2009, the college started its first baccalaureate program, a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Supervision & Management.
Siegel–Walfisz theorem
In analytic number theory, the Siegel–Walfisz theorem was obtained by Arnold Walfisz as an application of a theorem by Carl Ludwig Siegel to primes in arithmetic progressions. It is a refinement both of the prime number theorem and of Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions.

Carl Ludwig Siegel
Carl Ludwig Siegel (31 December 1896 – 4 April 1981) was a German mathematician specialising in analytic number theory. He is known for, amongst other things, his contributions to the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem in Diophantine approximation, Siegel's method, Siegel's lemma and the Siegel mass formula for quadratic forms. He has been named one of the most important mathematicians of the 20th century.

André Weil, without hesitation, named Siegel as the greatest mathematician of the first half of the 20th century. Atle Selberg said of Siegel and his work:

He was in some ways, perhaps, the most impressive mathematician I have met. I would say, in a way, devastatingly so. The things that Siegel tended to do were usually things that seemed impossible. Also after they were done, they still seemed almost impossible.
London Youth Opera
London Youth Opera (LYO) is an independent opera company in London which produces operas performed by young people aged 9 to 18. Founded in 1971, and previously known as W11 Opera and W11 Children's Opera, it took its former name from its location in W11, a postal district in West London consisting largely of Notting Hill and parts of Holland Park. It changed to its current name in 2023.

Almost all of the productions are new works created by composers such as George Fenton, John Gardner, Richard Harvey, Colin Towns and Timothy Kraemer. Some of these works go on to be revived by schools and other opera companies.

Notable alumni of the company include Eve Best, Jonathan Antoine and Sophie Ellis-Bextor.

Colin Towns
Colin William Towns (born 13 May 1948) is an English composer and keyboardist. He was noted for playing in bands formed by ex-Deep Purple singer Ian Gillan, and later worked extensively in composing soundtracks for film, television and commercials. Learning piano as a child, by the age of 13 he was earning money playing at weddings and birthdays in his neighbourhood of the East End of London. He went on to play in numerous dance bands, jazz ensembles and also became a session musician. His main musical passion is jazz and he has made several well-received albums together with his big band, the Mask Orchestra. He has also founded an independent record label, Provocateur.
Entlebuch railway station
Entlebuch railway station (German: Bahnhof Entlebuch) is a railway station in the municipality of Entlebuch, in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Bern–Lucerne line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Lucerne S-Bahn
The Lucerne S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Luzern) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail network focusing on Lucerne in Central Switzerland.

Opened on 12 December 2004, the network forms part of the Central Switzerland S-Bahn project (German: S-Bahn Zentralschweiz), which also includes the Zug Stadtbahn (German: Stadtbahn Zug).

The system connects to services of Aargau S-Bahn, Bern S-Bahn and Zurich S-Bahn. At larger stations, notably Arth-Goldau, Lucerne and Zug, its lines also connect to long-distance trains (RE, IR, IC, EC). It also connects to mountain railways, such as the Pilatus Railway or the Arth-Rigi railway. Lakeside stations are often close to landing sites served by the Lake Lucerne Navigation Company.
Mawdsley
Mawdsley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrés Aguilar Mawdsley (1924–1995), Venezuelan lawyer and diplomat

Barbara Mawdsley, the name of M, a fictional character in Ian Fleming's James Bond series

Evan Mawdsley (born 1945), British historian

James Mawdsley (trade unionist) (1848–1902), English trade unionist and Conservative Party candidate

James Mawdsley (born 1973), Traditionalist Catholic priest

Richard Mawdsley (born 1945), American artist known for his work in metalsmithing

Robert Mawdsley (born 1953), British serial killer responsible for the murders of four people

Sharlene Mawdsley (born 1998), Irish athlete

Andrés Aguilar Mawdsley
Andrés Aguilar Mawdsley (10 July 1924 – 24 October 1995) was a Venezuelan lawyer and diplomat. He represented his native country as ambassador to the United Nations and as envoy to the United States, and served as Venezuela's minister of justice from 1958 to 1962. From 1991 until his death, he served as a judge at the International Court of Justice.
Gimbichu
Gimbichu (Oromo: Gimbichuu, Amharic: ግንቢቹ) is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the East Shewa Zone, Gimbichu is bordered on the south by Lome, on the southwest by Ada'a Chukala, on the northwest by the Amhara Region, and on the north bordering North Shewa Zone. The administrative center is Chefe Donsa.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Innathe Chintha Vishayam
Innathe Chinthavishayam (transl. Thought for the day) is a 2008 Indian Malayalam-language family drama film written and directed by Satyan Anthikad. The film, produced by Antony Perumbavoor through Aashirvad Cinemas, stars Mohanlal, Meera Jasmine, Sukanya, Mohini, Innocent and Muthumani.The film's score and songs were composed by Ilayaraja. The film is based on the scenario of increased divorces in modern-day Kerala middle class society. The film was released on 12 April 2008.

Mohini (Tamil actress)
Mahalakshmi Sreenivasan, OP, better known by her stage name Mohini, is an Indian former actress who has acted in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. She is a member of the Lay Dominicans.
Gauthier Grumier
Gauthier Grumier (born 29 May 1984, in Nevers) is a French left-handed épée fencer.

Grumier is a three-time team European champion, 2015 individual European champion, and five-time team world champion.

A two-time Olympian, Grumier is a 2016 team Olympic champion and 2016 individual Olympic bronze medalist.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Aphae Jung clan
Aphae Jung clan (Korean: 압해 정씨; Hanja: 押海 丁氏) is a Korean clan. It was one of the most recognized noble families in the late Joseon Dynasty, but was kicked out of the government by the royal family as it became involved in the Catholic Persecution of 1801. Their Bon-gwan is in Sinan County, South Jeolla, South Jeolla Province. Their founder was Chŏng Toksŏng. According to the clan, he was originally a chancellor from the Tang dynasty but exiled to Aphae Island in 853 during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Although he was pardoned, he refused to return to China and stayed in Korea. There are Aphae Jung clan villages in Naju, Shinan, Changwon and Yeonggwang. Famous figures from this family include Chŏng Yagyong, Jeong Yak-jeon, and Jung Hae-in. According to the 1985 South Korean census, there were 55,893 members of the Aphae Jung clan, from 12,688 households.

Catholic Persecution of 1801
The Catholic Persecution of 1801, also known as the Sinyu Persecution (신유박해), was a mass persecution of Korean Catholics ordered by Queen Jeongsun during King Sunjo of Joseon's reign. The government began to suppress Catholicism in the belief that it conflicted with the tenets of Confucianism.
Ian Kennelly
Ian Kennelly (born February 12, 2001) is an American professional football safety for the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He previously played college football for the Grand Valley State Lakers.

2025 NFL draft
The 2025 NFL draft was the 90th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible players. The draft was held at Lambeau Field and its adjacent Titletown District in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on April 24–26, 2025. The Tennessee Titans held the first overall pick and selected Cam Ward, a quarterback from the Miami Hurricanes.

For the first time in the common draft era, the 2025 draft commenced with all teams holding their original selections in the first round. After the draft had begun, the Jacksonville Jaguars, Cleveland Browns, Philadelphia Eagles, and Kansas City Chiefs traded picks within the first round while the Houston Texans and Los Angeles Rams traded out of the first round. This was the first draft in NFL history to have every player selection come from an NCAA Division I FBS or FCS program.
Brenkus
Brenkus is a Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Brenkus (born 1999), Slovak footballer

John Brenkus (1971–2025), American producer, director, and television personality

Radovan Brenkus (born 1974), Slovak writer, translator and critic

Adam Brenkus
Adam Brenkus (born 8 January 1999) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for II liga club Sandecja Nowy Sącz.

On 21 July 2018, in the first round of the 2018–19 Slovak First Football League, Brenkus made his Fortuna Liga debut for Ružomberok against iClinic Sereď. He replaced Dalibor Takáč in the 77th minute of the match, that concluded as a goalless draw. By the end of the season, Brenkus made three more league appearances, but always as a substitute. He was in the starting line up of cup fixture against FK Gerlachov.
Ye the Great
Ye or Yeh the Great (simplified Chinese: 大业; traditional Chinese: 大業; pinyin: Dàyè; lit. 'Great Undertaking', 'Enterprise', 'or Cause') was a figure in Chinese mythology.

In the Records of the Grand Historian, Sima Qian's account of the origin of the House of Ying made him the son of Lady Xiu and the egg of a black bird. He was said to have been the father of Fei the Great, who later became known as Boyi, by the Lady Hua.

Some Chinese scholars have argued that his name was a title or epithet of Gao Yao, who served under Emperor Shun and was counted as the ancestor of some Li and Zhou families.

Emperor Shun
Emperor Shun (Chinese: 帝舜; pinyin: Dì Shùn) was a legendary leader of ancient China, regarded by some sources as the last of the Five Emperors among the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. According to the tradition—people with the surname Hu (胡) are descendants of Emperor Shun. Later rulers of the Chen state and the Chen dynasty claimed descent from Shun.
Purdon Conservation Area
The Purdon Conservation Area in the municipality of Lanark Highlands, Lanark County, in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Located near the community of Lanark, it is operated by the Mississippi Valley Conservation Authority.

The Purdon Conservation Area supports Canada's largest native colony of showy lady slipper orchids, some 16,000 plants. A smaller grouping of the orchids was discovered in the 1930s by Joe Purdon, after whom the conservation area is named, and who grew it to its larger size.

It is open to the public from Victoria Day to Thanksgiving every year.

Cypripedium reginae
Cypripedium reginae, known as the showy lady's slipper, pink lady's-slipper, or the queen's lady's-slipper, is a rare lady's-slipper orchid native to northern North America. Although never common, this plant has vanished from much of its historical range due to habitat loss. It is the state flower of Minnesota.
Tim Rother
Tim Rother (born September 28, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for the Los Angeles Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) from 1989 to 1990. He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers and was selected by the Raiders in the fourth round of the 1988 NFL draft.

Los Angeles Raiders
The Los Angeles Raiders were a professional American football team of the National Football League (NFL). The Raiders played in Los Angeles from 1982 to 1994 before moving back to Oakland, California, where the team played from its inaugural 1960 season through 1981, and then again from 1995 to 2019.

The team's first home game in Los Angeles was at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on November 22, 1982, after a 57-day player strike. They played their last game as a Los Angeles–based team on December 24, 1994. During their tenure in Los Angeles, the Raiders won four Division titles (AFC West), and one Super Bowl championship: 1983 (XVIII).

After both the Raiders and the Rams left Los Angeles after the 1994 season, Los Angeles was left without an NFL team until the 2016 season.