hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CGI Group (Europe) Ltd. v HMRC
The VAT Tribunal case of CGI Group (Europe) Limited v HMRC ([2010] UKFTT 396 (TC)) is a United Kingdom legal case which addressed the VAT treatment of a joint employment arrangement in the context of outsourcing services.

When two practices jointly employ a member of staff, one employer can pay the employees their wage first, then the other employer can pass the money back to them without VAT as it is not considered to be a transaction. However, this decision shows that the arrangements may give rise to an unexpected VAT liability for joint contracts of employment.

First-tier Tribunal
The First-tier Tribunal is a first-instance general tribunal in the United Kingdom.

It was created in 2008 as part of a programme, enacted in the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, to rationalise the tribunal system, and has since taken on the functions of 20 previously existing tribunals. It is administered by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service.

Appeals from it lie to the Upper Tribunal, the second part of the 'two-tier system'.
2022 Challenger Coquimbo II
The 2022 Challenger Coquimbo II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Coquimbo, Chile between 17 and 23 October 2022.

Coquimbo
Coquimbo [koˈkimbo] is a port city, commune and capital of the Elqui Province, located on the Pan-American Highway, in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. Coquimbo is situated in a valley 10 km (6 mi) south of La Serena, with which it forms Greater La Serena with more than 400,000 inhabitants. The commune spans an area around the harbor of 1,429.3 km2 (552 sq mi). The average temperature in the city lies around 14 °C (57 °F), and precipitation is low.
Jake Lanum
Ralph Lewis "Jake" Lanum (September 13, 1896 – March 19, 1968) was an American professional football player who was a running back for five seasons for the Chicago Bears and its predecessors the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Staleys.

Lanum was a starting fullback and also handled some kicking duties on the 1919 Illinois Fighting Illini football National Championship team.

After football, Lanum moved to Hammond, Indiana, working mostly in the oil industry. In retirement he returned to Illinois, living in Homewood, where he died in 1968 at the age of 71.

History of the Chicago Bears
The Chicago Bears American football franchise is a charter member of the National Football League (NFL), and has played in all of the league's 100 seasons. The team has captured nine NFL championships – eight NFL championships and one Super Bowl – second most all time behind the Green Bay Packers. The franchise has also recorded more victories than any other franchise (739), retired the most uniform numbers (14), and have the most members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame (29). The Bears have played in over a thousand games since becoming a charter member of the NFL in 1920.
Gavaravaram
Gavaravaram is a census town in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Gavaravaram is also known as Venkayapalam because of Gopina Venkana Garu (1914-1991) who once owned most areas of the village. It is located in Eluru mandal of Eluru revenue division. The town is a constituent of Eluru urban agglomeration.

Eluru district
Eluru district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in  the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.  Eluru is its administrative headquarters. It is  formed from  from erstwhile West Godavari and  Krishna districts on 4 April 2022. It was restructured on 16 February 2023 with the transfer of Ganapavaram mandal to West Godavari district
If Ya Gettin' Down
"If Ya Gettin' Down" is a single by English boy band Five. It was released on 19 July 1999 as the lead single from their second studio album, Invincible (1999). It was co-written by Richard Stannard, Julian Gallagher, and band members J Brown, Sean Conlon and Abs Breen, while Stannard and Gallagher produced it. Michael Cleveland is also credited as a writer since the track samples Indeep's 1982 song "Last Night a D.J. Saved My Life". "If Ya Gettin' Down" charted at number two in the United Kingdom and Australia and reached number one in New Zealand.

Last Night a D.J. Saved My Life
"Last Night a D.J. Saved My Life" is a song written by Michael Cleveland, sung by American group Indeep, and released as a single in 1982 by Sound of New York and Becket Records. It features vocals from Réjane "Reggie" Magloire and Rose Marie Ramsey, and appears as the third track of the namesake album (1983). The single peaked at numbers ten and two on the US Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Singles and Club Singles charts respectively.
Loch na Creige Duibhe (Lochaber)
Loch na Creige Duibhe is a small freshwater loch in South Morar, Lochaber, in the West Highlands of Scotland. It is orientated east to west and drains into Loch Màma to the west. It is thought that Loch Màma and Loch na Creige Duibhe were at one time a single loch. Debris brought down by the Allt Dearg stream has likely caused the lochs to be separated into two bodies of water.

The loch was surveyed on 11 July 1902 by James Parsons and T.R.H. Garrett and later charted as part of Sir John Murray and Laurence Pullar's Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.

Lochaber
Lochaber (/lɒxˈɑːbər/ lokh-AH-bər; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Abar) is a name applied to a part of the Scottish Highlands. Historically, it was a provincial lordship consisting of the parishes of Kilmallie and Kilmonivaig. Lochaber once extended from the Northern shore of Loch Leven, a district called Nether Lochaber, to beyond Spean Bridge and Roybridge, which area is known as Brae Lochaber or Braigh Loch Abar in Gaelic. For local government purposes, the name was used for one of the landward districts of Inverness-shire from 1930 to 1975, and then for one of the districts of the Highland region from 1975 to 1996. Since 1996 the Highland Council has had a Lochaber area committee.

The main town of Lochaber is Fort William. Other moderate sized settlements in Lochaber include Mallaig, Ballachulish and Glencoe.
Lamentation (ballet)
Lamentation is a modern dance solo choreographed by Martha Graham to Zoltán Kodály's 1910 Piano Piece, Op. 3, No. 2. One of Graham's signature works, it premiered on January 8, 1930 at Maxine Elliott's Theatre in New York City. The performance was part of a concert staged by the Dance Repertory Theatre, a group that included dancer/choreographers Doris Humphrey, Charles Weidman and Helen Tamiris. Their stated goal was "to give annually a season of continuous dance programs which will be representative of the art of dance in America and will give native artists an outlet for their creative work."

Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály (UK: /ˈkoʊdaɪ/, US: /koʊˈdaɪ/; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, music pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher. He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály method of music education.
Käyser Mountains
The Käyser Mountains (Dutch: Käysergebergte) is a mountain range in the Sipaliwini District of Suriname. It is named after Conrad Carel Käyser. The Käyser Airstrip was built in 1960 at the foot of the mountains as part of Operation Grasshopper to access the interior of Suriname.

Sipaliwini District
Sipaliwini is the largest district of Suriname, located in the south. Sipaliwini is the only district that does not have a regional capital, as it is directly administered by the national government in Paramaribo. Sipaliwini District includes disputed areas, with the southwestern region controlled and administered by Guyana, whereas the southeastern region is controlled by French Guiana, a part of France.
Li Shuzheng
Li Shuzheng (Chinese: 李淑铮; October 1929 – 27 February 2024) was a Chinese politician who served as head of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party between 1993 and 1997.

She was a representative of the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. She was an alternate member of the 12th, 13th, and 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. She was a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress.

9th National People's Congress
The 9th National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1998 to 2003 across five plenary sessions. It followed the final session of the 8th National People's Congress. There were 2,979 deputies to this Congress.
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (car)
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is the vintage racing car which is featured in the book, musical film and stage production of the same name. Writer Ian Fleming took his inspiration for the car from a series of aero-engined racing cars built by Count Louis Zborowski in the early 1920s, christened Chitty Bang Bang. The original Chitty Bang Bang's engine was from a Zeppelin dirigible. The name reputedly derived either from the sound it made whilst idling, or from a bawdy song from World War I.

Six versions of the car were built for the film and several replicas have subsequently been produced. The version built for the stage production holds the record for the most expensive stage prop ever used.

BorgWarner
BorgWarner Inc. is an American automotive and e-mobility supplier headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan. As of 2023, the company maintains production facilities and sites at 92 locations in 24 countries, and generates revenues of US$14.2 billion, while employing around 39,900 people. The company is one of the 25 largest automotive suppliers in the world. Since February 2025, Joseph F. Fadool has been CEO of BorgWarner Inc.
Consumer Expenditure Survey
The Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE or CEX) is a  Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) household survey that collects information on the buying habits of U.S. consumers.  The program consists of two components — the Interview Survey and the Diary Survey — each with its own sample. The surveys collect data on expenditures, income, and consumer unit characteristics. In May 2020, the American Association for Public Opinion Research recognized the CE program with its 2020 Policy Impact Award, for joint work by the BLS -- including CE and the Division of Price and Index Number Research -- and the Census Bureau on the Supplemental Poverty thresholds and measure, and the essential contributions these data products have made to the understanding, discussion, and advancement of public policy related to the alleviation of poverty in the United States.

Household
A household consists of one or more persons who live in the same dwelling. It may be of a single family or another type of person group. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models, and is important to economics and inheritance.

Household models include families, blended families, shared housing, group homes, boarding houses, houses of multiple occupancy (UK), and single room occupancy (US). In feudal societies, the royal household and medieval households of the wealthy included servants and other retainers.
Belfort-Montbéliard TGV station
Belfort-Montbéliard TGV is a high speed railway station located in Meroux, Territoire de Belfort, eastern France. The station was opened in 2011 and is located on the LGV Rhin-Rhône connecting railway. The train services are operated by SNCF. It serves the cities of Belfort and Montbéliard and surrounding areas. The station lies 9 km south of Belfort and 18 km northeast of Montbéliard.

At the station, the railway line from Belfort to Delle crosses the high speed line with an overpass. There is a stop on this line, Meroux, at a short walking distance of the TGV station, which offers access to TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté services to Belfort and Delle, and RegioExpress services to Delle and Delémont (Switzerland).

RegioExpress
RegioExpress, commonly abbreviated to RE, is a category of fast regional train service in Switzerland, run by Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) or other railway companies (such as TILO, BLS, tpf, THURBO or RhB, previously also by transN). A few lines also serve stations in Germany, France and Italy. Since 2023, all RE services are numbered for more clarity. Some of them are named.

It is comparable to the Regional-Express in Germany, Austria and Luxembourg. Its speed is considerably faster than regional trains at the same level, as it does not stop at all stations served by the regional trains. Nonetheless, it is slightly slower than InterRegio trains. Swiss Federal Railways describes the trains as ones that serve "rapidly into the regions".
2016 Indonesian Movie Actors Awards
The 10th Annual Indonesian Movie Actor Awards was an awards ceremony held on May 30, 2016, at the Studio 14 RCTI, West Jakarta. The show was hosted by Daniel Mananta and Nirina Zubir on awarding night, and Tara Budiman and Ayushita on red carpet. Nominations in the category of "Favorite" were chosen by members of the public via SMS, and in the category of "Best" by an appointed jury.

Mencari Hilal led the nominations with nine, with 3, A Copy of My Mind, Guru Bangsa: Tjokroaminoto, Surat Dari Praha, and Toba Dreams followed with six nominations each. In the night ceremonies, Mencari Hilal was the biggest winner, receiving four awards and Toba Dreams each won two awards.

A special award, Lifetime Achievement Award was presented to Widyawati for her outstanding contribution to Indonesian cinema industry.

In 2016, the edition of this ceremony awards has winning the award for Favorite Special Events at the 19th Annual Panasonic Gobel Awards.

Daniel Mananta
Daniel Mananta (born in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 14 August 1981) is an Indonesian actor, presenter, VJ, and podcaster of Chinese Indonesian descent. He is an Indonesian entertainer whose name emerged after winning the 2003 MTV Indonesia VJ Hunt; thus, he was popularly known as VJ Daniel Mananta. He has now established himself as an entertainer as well as a young entrepreneur.
June O'Sullivan
June O'Sullivan, OBE, is an Irish social entrepreneur, campaigner and author best known for her work in early childhood education. Since 2004, she has served as chief executive officer (CEO) of the London Early Years Foundation (LEYF). She is also a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, director at Social Enterprise UK, and trustee at London-based children's reading charity BookTrust.

Social Enterprise UK
Social Enterprise UK (previously known as The Social Enterprise Coalition) is a community interest company founded in April 2002 in the United Kingdom. It functions as the national membership and campaigning body for the social enterprise movement in Britain.
Andrei Sokolov
Andrei Yurievich Sokolov (Russian: Андре́й Ю́рьевич Соколо́в; romanized: Andrey Yur'yevich Sokolov; born 20 March 1963, in Vorkuta, Komi ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian chess Grandmaster living in and playing for France. He was one of the leading players in the world in the late 1980s.

Belfort
Belfort (French pronunciation: [bɛlfɔʁ] ⓘ; archaic German: Beffert, Beffort; Frainc-Comtou: Béfoûe) is a city in northeastern France, situated approximately 25 km (16 mi) from the Swiss border. It is the prefecture of the Territoire de Belfort.

Belfort is 400 km (250 mi) from Paris and 55 km (34 mi) from Basel. The residents of the city are called "Belfortains". The city is located on the river Savoureuse, on a strategically important natural route between the Rhine and the Rhône – the Belfort Gap (Trouée de Belfort) or Burgundian Gate (Porte de Bourgogne). It is located approximately 16 km (10 mi) south from the base of the Ballon d'Alsace mountain range, source of the Savoureuse. The city of Belfort has 46,443 inhabitants (2019). Belfort is the centre of a larger functional area (metropolitan area) with 133,597 inhabitants (2018), between the larger metropolitan areas of Mulhouse and Montbéliard.
Second Tschentscher senate
The second Tschentscher senate was the state government of Hamburg from 10 June 2020 to 7 May 2025. Sworn in on 10 June 2020 after Peter Tschentscher was elected as first mayor by the members of the Hamburg Parliament. On 7 May 2025 Peter Tschentscher was reelected first mayor of Hamburg, forming the Third Tschentscher senate. It was the 30th Senate of Hamburg.

It was formed after the 2020 Hamburg state election by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE). Excluding the first mayor, the senate comprised 11 ministers, called Senators. Six were members of the SPD, four were members of the Greens, and one was an independent politician.

Hamburg Parliament
The Hamburg Parliament (German: Hamburgische Bürgerschaft; literally “Hamburgish Citizenry” or, more poetically, “Hamburgish Burgessry”) is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Hamburg according to the constitution of Hamburg. As of 2025 there are 121 sitting members, representing 17 electoral districts. The parliament is situated in the city hall Hamburg Rathaus and is part of the Government of Hamburg.

The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) for the election period and the control of the Senate (cabinet).

The President of the Hamburg Parliament is the highest official person of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.

Its members are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every five years.
Manlius (1826 ship)
Manlius was launched at Quebec in 1826. She made three voyages transporting convicts: one to Port Jackson and two to Van Dieman's Land. She then started trading between Britain and Canada. She was wrecked, with loss of life, on 9 December 1834.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
Kaisersesch
Kaisersesch (German: [ˌkaɪzɐsˈʔɛʃ] ⓘ) is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, to which it also belongs.

Electorate of Trier
The Electorate of Trier (German: Kurfürstentum Trier or Kurtrier; French: Trèves) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century. It was the temporal possession of the prince-archbishop of Trier (Erzbistum Trier) who was, ex officio, a prince-elector of the empire. The other ecclesiastical electors were the archbishops (in the secular context called simply electors) of Cologne and Mainz.

The capital of the electorate was Trier; from the 16th century onward, the main residence of the Elector was in Koblenz. The electorate was secularized in 1803 in the course of the German mediatisation.

The Elector of Trier, in his capacity as archbishop, also administered the Archdiocese of Trier, whose territory did not correspond to the electorate (see map below).
SS Bluefield Victory
The SS Bluefield Victory was the 16th Victory ship built during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on May 9, 1944, and completed on June 30, 1944. The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3, hull number 15 (V-15). SS Bluefield Victory served in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and was operated by the Mississippi Shipping Company. The 10,500-ton Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for World War II. Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war. The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure, and had a long raised forecastle.

Emergency Shipbuilding Program
The Emergency Shipbuilding Program (late 1940 – September 1945) was a United States government effort to quickly build simple cargo ships to carry troops and materiel to allies and foreign theatres during World War II. Run by the U.S. Maritime Commission, the program built almost 6,000 ships.
INS Kadmatt (P29)
INS Kadmatt (P29) is the second of four anti-submarine warfare corvettes built for the Indian Navy by the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, of Kolkata, under Project 28. She was inducted into the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy.

INS Kadmatt has been named after Kadmat Island in India's Lakshadweep Islands, and carries on the legacy of her predecessor Kadmatt (P78), which served the Indian Navy for 24 years, from 23 December 1968 to 30 November 1992.

Eastern Naval Command
The Eastern Naval Command is one of the three command-level formations of the Indian Navy. It is headquartered in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The command is responsible for the all naval forces in the Bay of Bengal and parts of the Indian Ocean and the naval establishments on the east coast of India.

The Command was established in 1983. The Command is commanded by a Three Star Flag Officer of the rank of Vice Admiral with the title Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command (FOC-in-C). Vice Admiral Sanjay Bhalla is the current FOC-in-C ENC, who took over on 31 October 2025.
Abdelilah Belkziz
Abdelilah Belkeziz (Arabic: عبد الإله بلقزيز) is a contemporary Moroccan thinker who holds a PhD in philosophy from Mohammed V University in Rabat. He serves as the secretary-general of the Moroccan-Arab Forum in Rabat and was formerly the director of studies at the Center for Arab Unity Studies in Beirut. He has published hundreds of articles in several Arab newspapers, including Al Khaleej, Al-Hayat, As-Safir, and An-Nahar.

An-Nahar
An-Nahar (Arabic: النهار, lit. 'The Day or The Morning') is a leading Arabic-language daily newspaper published in Lebanon. In the 1980s, An-Nahar was described by The New York Times and Time Magazine as the newspaper of record for the entire Arab world.
Pine Grove, Ontario
Pine Grove is the name of several communities in Ontario:

Pine Grove, Lanark Highlands, Ontario

Pinegrove, one of the Communities in Norfolk County, Ontario

Pine Grove, North Glengarry, Ontario

Pine Grove, Regional Municipality of York, Ontario

North Glengarry
North Glengarry is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. It is a predominantly rural area located between Ottawa-Gatineau, Montreal and Cornwall.
1966 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1966 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 40th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 28 February 1966 and ended on 17 March 1966.

Leinster were the defending champions.

On 17 March 1966, Munster won the cup following a 3-13 to 3-11 defeat of Leinster in the final. This was their 28th Railway Cup title and their first since 1963.

Munster's Frankie Walsh was the top scorer with 2-07.

Leinster GAA
The Leinster Council is  a provincial council of the Gaelic Athletic Association sports of hurling, Gaelic football, camogie, rounders and handball in the province of Leinster.

As of 2008, there were 834 clubs affiliated to the county boards of the Leinster Council.