hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geomathematics
Geomathematics (also: mathematical geosciences, mathematical geology, mathematical geophysics) is the application of mathematical methods to solve problems in geosciences, including geology and geophysics, and particularly geodynamics and seismology.

Stokes' law
In fluid dynamics, Stokes' law gives the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects moving at very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid.  It was derived by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851 by solving the Stokes flow limit for small Reynolds numbers of the Navier–Stokes equations.
Ty Disney
Theodore E. "Ty" Disney (April 13, 1908 – November 10, 1962) was an American football player and coach. He played halfback at the University of Tennessee. He served as the head football coach at Tusculum College in Greeneville, Tennessee in 1937. He also served as the school's men's basketball coach during the 1937–38 season.

Tusculum University
Tusculum University is a private Presbyterian university with its main campus in Tusculum, Tennessee. It is Tennessee's first university and the 28th-oldest operating college or university in the United States.

In addition to its main campus, the institution maintains a regional center for Adult and Online Studies in Knoxville, and Morristown.
Crack the Sky
Crack the Sky is an American progressive rock band formed in Weirton, West Virginia, in the early 1970s.  In 1975, Rolling Stone declared their first album the "debut album of the year", and in 1978, Rolling Stone Record Guide compared them to Steely Dan. Their first three albums charted on the Billboard 200. In 2015, their debut album was ranked number 47 in the Rolling Stone list of "50 Greatest Prog Rock Albums of All Time
". The band continues to release albums and perform to a small but devoted fan base.

Weirton, West Virginia
Weirton (/ˈwɪərtən/ WEER-tən) is a city in Hancock and Brooke counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is located along the Ohio River in the state's northern panhandle bordering Ohio and Pennsylvania. The population was 19,163 at the 2020 census, making it the seventh-most populous city in West Virginia.

Weirton was incorporated in 1947 after the consolidation of various small towns in the vicinity of the Weirton Steel Corporation, founded by Ernest T. Weir in 1909. It is a principal city of the Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area, which had a population of 116,903 residents in 2020; it is also a major city in the western part of the Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area.
Will Crothers
Will Crothers (born June 14, 1987) is a Canadian rower. He started rowing in grade 9 for KCVI, following his brother into the sport. Within just a few years, Crothers and his rowing partner, Rob Gibson, were Canadian high school champions in the senior coxless pair in 2005. Additionally, Crothers was named Ontario Male Athlete of the Year in 2005.

He won a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's eight, just behind the German team, with Andrew Byrnes, Gabriel Bergen, Jeremiah Brown, Douglas Csima, Robert Gibson, Malcolm Howard, Conlin McCabe and Brian Price.

In June 2016, he was officially named to Canada's 2016 Olympic team. The men's coxless four finished 6th overall in A-Final after making it through their heat and semifinal in good standing.

Crothers competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's coxless four where the Canadian crew finished 8th overall.

Rowing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London took place at Dorney Lake which, for the purposes of the Games venue, was officially termed Eton Dorney. It was held from 28 July to 1 August. There were 8 boats (72 competitors) from 8 nations. The event was won by Germany, the nation's first victory as "Germany" (the United Team of Germany, East Germany, and West Germany had combined for 5 gold medals). The German team beat the defending champions Canada, who took silver. Great Britain also slipped one place from their 2008 silver, taking bronze this time.
2026 G20 Miami summit
The 2026 G20 Miami Summit will be the twenty-first meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20), a meeting of heads of state and government planned from 14 to 15 December 2026. It will be held at the Trump National Doral Miami, a property of the host, U.S. president Donald Trump, in Doral, Florida.

On 27 November 2025, President Trump announced that South Africa will not be invited to the 2026 G20 summit, citing its treatment of Afrikaners and a dispute over South Africa's refusal to transfer G20 hosting duties to a U.S. Embassy representative at the end of the 2025 G20 Johannesburg summit.

South African farm attacks
South African farm attacks (Afrikaans: plaasaanvalle) are violent crimes, including assault, murder, rape, and robbery, that take place on farms in South Africa. The attacks target both white and black farmers. The term has no formal legal definition, but such attacks have been the subject of discussion by media and public figures in South Africa and abroad.

Claims that such attacks on farmers disproportionately target white people are a key element of the white genocide conspiracy theory promoted by, among others, United States president Donald Trump, and have become a common talking point among white nationalists worldwide. Statistics provided from the South African Government show that farm attacks tend to take more black victims than white victims and show that farm attacks are relatively rare.  Farm attacks form part of a broader crime problem in South Africa and do not have a racial motivation.
Yorkfield
Yorkfield is the code name for some Intel processors sold as Core 2 Quad and Xeon.
In Intel's Tick-Tock cycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was Penryn microarchitecture, the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23, replacing Kentsfield, the previous model.

Like its predecessor, Yorkfield multi-chip modules come in two sizes. The smaller version is equipped with 6MB L2 cache, and is commonly called Yorkfield-6M. The larger version is equipped with 12 MB L2 cache.

The mobile version of Yorkfield is Penryn-QC and the dual-socket server version is Harpertown. The MP server Dunnington chip is a more distant relative based on a different chip but using the same 45 nm Core microarchitecture. The Wolfdale desktop processor is a dual-core version of Yorkfield.

The successors to Yorkfield are the Nehalem based Lynnfield and Bloomfield.

Nehalem (microarchitecture)
Nehalem /nəˈheɪləm/ is the codename for Intel's 45 nm microarchitecture released in November 2008. It was used in the first generation of the Intel Core i5 and i7 processors, and is a major evolution over the older Core microarchitecture, which is used by Core 2 processors and is the previous iteration of the P6 microarchitecture series which started in 1995 with the Pentium Pro. The term "Nehalem" comes from the Nehalem River.

Nehalem is built on the 45 nm process, is able to run at higher clock speeds without sacrificing efficiency, and is more energy-efficient than Penryn microprocessors. Hyper-threading is reintroduced, along with a reduction in L2 cache size, as well as an enlarged L3 cache that is shared among all cores. Nehalem is an architecture that differs radically from NetBurst, while retaining some of the latter's minor features.

Nehalem later received a die-shrink to 32 nm with Westmere, and was fully succeeded by "second-generation" Sandy Bridge in January 2011.
George Paton (footballer)
George Paton was a Scottish football player during the 1940s and 1950s.  He started his career with junior side Yoker Athletic before signing professionally with Hearts.  He shortly thereafter transferred to Dumbarton where he played with distinction, being a constant in the goalkeeping position for over five seasons.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Lawrencia spicata
Lawrencia spicata, commonly known as salt lawrencia, is a species of plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae.  It is endemic to Australia where it is recorded from the states of Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales.  Its preferred habitats are coastal saltmarsh, estuaries, river banks and the margins of salt lakes.  It is a perennial herb, with fleshy stems and leaves forming a basal rosette from which ascends a dense cylindrical flowering spike, up to 60 cm in height. The leaves are 2–7 cm long with extended stalks.  The flowers are white or yellow and have a strong smell.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Homer Martien Cook
Homer Martien Cook (1869–1948) was president of Northwest Missouri State University.

He was born in La Grange, Missouri.  At LaGrange College he received a bachelor's degree in 1890, a master's degree in 1904 from the University of Chicago and an LLd from the Columbia School of Expression in Chicago in 1906.

He was pastor of the Maryville Baptist Church and taught physical culture and expression at the newly organized Northwest.

During his tenure the school was beset by fiscal problems and faculty was not paid.  Work stopped on the Administration Building.

He quit in the summer of 1909 but was allowed to continue to live in the Northwest President house from Sept. 1, 1909 to Jan. 1, 1910 while his successor Henry Kirby Taylor was president in effect creating two presidents of the college for four months.

Columbia College Chicago
Columbia College Chicago is a private art college in Chicago, Illinois, United States.  Founded in 1890, it has 4,200 students (as of fall 2025) pursuing degrees in more than 40 undergraduate and graduate degree programs.  It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

As of July 1, 2025, Shantay N. Bolton is the president and CEO of Columbia College Chicago.

Columbia College Chicago is the host institution of several affiliated educational, cultural, and research organizations, including the Center for Black Music Research, the Center for Book and Paper Arts, the Center for Community Arts Partnerships, the Dance Center of Columbia College Chicago, and the Museum of Contemporary Photography (MoCP).

Columbia College Chicago is not affiliated with Columbia University, Columbia College Hollywood, or any other Columbia College in the United States. However, Columbia College Hollywood was originally founded as a branch campus of Columbia College Chicago from 1952-1957.
Lookout Mountain, Georgia
Lookout Mountain is a city in Walker County, Georgia, United States. Bordering its sister town of Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, Lookout Mountain is part of the Chattanooga metropolitan statistical area. The population was 1,641 at the 2020 census. The city is located on Lookout Mountain, home to such attractions as Rock City. This city is often named as home to Covenant College, but the college is actually across the county line in Dade County.

Chattanooga metropolitan area
The Chattanooga, TN-GA metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of six counties – three in southeast Tennessee (Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie) and three in northwest Georgia (Catoosa, Dade, and Walker) – anchored by the city of Chattanooga. As of the 2020 census, the Chattanooga metropolitan area had a population of 562,647. This metropolitan area traverses two time zones.
Killick
Killick (formerly the Admiral Killick Haitian Navy base; also called Point Killick) is the Haitian Coast Guard base in Port-au-Prince. It is the main base for the Coast Guard. It is the other port for the city, aside from the main Port international de Port-au-Prince. It is located about 10 miles outside of downtown Port-au-Prince, and is about a century old. The base is named after Admiral Hammerton Killick of the Haitian Navy, who scuttled his own ship, the Crête-à-Pierrot, a 940-ton screw gunship, by igniting the magazine, and went down with the ship, instead of surrendering to German forces, in 1902, at Gonaïves, Haiti.

Gonaïves
Gonaïves (French: [ɡɔnaiv]; also Les Gonaïves; Haitian Creole: Gonayiv, pronounced [ɡonajiv]) is a commune in northern Haiti, and the capital of the Artibonite department of Haiti. The population was 356,324 at the 2015 census.
So Full of Love
So Full of Love is the twelfth album by the O'Jays, released in 1978 by Philadelphia International. The album contains the No. 1 R&B hit "Use ta Be My Girl", and was awarded RIAA platinum certification for sales of 1,000,000 copies.

The single "Brandy" has long been speculated by many fans to be about a woman. However, in 2013, production team Gamble and Huff revealed the song was written about a dog.

Eddie Levert
Edward Willis Levert (born June 16, 1942) is an American singer best known as the lead vocalist of the O'Jays. He is the father of sons Edward Jr (1964-), Gerald (1966–2006) and Sean Levert (1968–2008) and daughter Ryan Levert (2002–2024).
Anandalok Best Male Playback Award
Anandalok Puraskar or Anandalok Awards (Bengali: আনন্দলোক পুরস্কার ) ceremony is one of the most prominent film events for Bengali Cinema in India. Anandalok, a film magazine in Bengali language, published from Ananda Publishers and Ananda Bazar Patrika presents this award (Puraskar). The magazine was started on 25 January 1975  and the awards (Puraskar) ceremony was started in 1998.

Anandabazar Patrika
Anandabazar Patrika is a Bengali-language broadsheet daily newspaper published in Kolkata, India, and owned by the ABP Group. First issued on 13 March 1922 as a four-page evening paper and noted for its bold stance against colonial rule, earning the nickname “danger signal” in contemporary British press. It has grown to become one of India's top regional-language newspapers, with a certified average circulation of 802,289 copies for January–June 2022.

The paper is currently edited by Ishani Dutta Ray. Its major competitors include Bartaman, Ei Samay, Sangbad Pratidin, Aajkal, Jago Bangla, Ganashakti and Dainik Statesman—as noted in regional media landscape surveys.
Sylvia Jörrißen
Sylvia Sabine Jörrißen (born 29 November 1967 in Oberhausen, West Germany) is a German politician and a member of the Christian Democratic Union or CDU. In the parliamentary election in 2013 she was elected as a member of the German Bundestag. She is Protestant, married and a mother of three. Professionally Jörrißen is a certified banking specialist.

Oberhausen
Oberhausen (/ˈoʊbərhaʊzən/, German: [ˈoːbɐhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen (c. 13 km or 8 mi). The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and The Static Roots Festival. Its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Culture: Exhibitions of ice sculptures, Eiswelt Oberhausen, occurred in 2024 [and 2025].
Burt Weissbourd
Burt Weissbourd is a novelist, screenwriter and producer of feature films. He was born in 1949 and graduated cum laude from Yale University, with honors in psychology. During his student years, he volunteered at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris and taught English to college students in Thailand. After he graduated, he wrote, directed, and produced educational films for Gilbert Altschul Productions. He began a finance program at the Northwestern University Graduate School of Business, but left to start his own film production company in Los Angeles. He managed that company from 1977 until 1986, producing films including Ghost Story starring Fred Astaire, Melvyn Douglas, John Houseman, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and Patricia Neal, and Raggedy Man starring Sissy Spacek and Sam Shepard, which The New York Times called "a movie of sweet, low-keyed charm." In 1987, he founded an investment business, which he still runs.

Melvyn Douglas
Melvyn Douglas (born Melvyn Edouard Hesselberg, April 5, 1901 – August 4, 1981) was an American actor, whose stage and screen careers spanned from the late 1920s until the early 1980s. He was one of 24 performers to win the Triple Crown of Acting - winning two Academy Awards (both in the Best Supporting Actor category), a Primetime Emmy Award, and a Tony Award.

He came to prominence in 1929 as a suave leading man, perhaps best typified by his performance in the romantic comedy Ninotchka (1939) with Greta Garbo, and appeared in many films during the Golden Age of Hollywood. Douglas later played mature and fatherly characters, as in his Oscar-winning performances in Hud (1963) and Being There (1979) and his Oscar–nominated performance in I Never Sang for My Father (1970). He won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for Gore Vidal's play The Best Man (1960).
Miller–Pence Farm
Miller–Pence Farm is a historic home and farm located near Greenville, Monroe County, West Virginia. The main farmhouse was built in 1828, with five modifications through 1910.  It began as a two-story Federal style brick home on a coursed rubble foundation.  A two-story addition dated to the 1880s, with a cut stone foundation, has board-and-batten siding, evoking the Carpenter Gothic architectural style.  Also on the property are a former slave school (c. 1870), second school (c. 1870), three barns (c. 1880–1920), tractor shed (c. 1920), equipment shed (c. 1930), corn crib and ruins of Miller's Frontier House (c. 1770), spring box (c. 1778), original road cut (c. 1800), and the Miller-Halstead Cemetery (c. 1775).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Batten
A batten is most commonly a strip of solid material, historically  wood but can also be of plastic, metal, or fiberglass.  Battens are variously used in construction, sailing, and other fields.

In the lighting industry, battens refer to linear  light fittings.

In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
Personal pronouns in Portuguese
The Portuguese personal pronouns and possessives display a higher degree of inflection than other parts of speech. Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (nominative), a direct object (accusative), an indirect object (dative), or a reflexive object. Several pronouns further have special forms used after prepositions.

The possessive pronouns are the same as the possessive adjectives, but each is inflected to express the grammatical person of the possessor and the grammatical gender of the possessed.

Pronoun use displays considerable variation with register and dialect, with particularly pronounced differences between the most colloquial varieties of European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese.

Grammatical person
In linguistics, a grammatical person distinguishes between deictic references to one or more participants in an event. Typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person). A language's set of pronouns is typically defined by grammatical persons. First person includes the speaker (English: I, we), second person is the person or people spoken to (English: your or you), and third person includes all that are not listed above (English: he, she, it, they). It also frequently affects verbs, and sometimes nouns or possessive relationships.
Piet Hein Hoebens
Piet Hein Hoebens (29 September 1948, Utrecht – 22 October 1984) was a Dutch journalist, skeptic, and critic of parapsychology.

Hoebens is most well known for debunking the claims of psychic detectives. He worked as a Dutch journalist and investigated claims of paranormal phenomena. He was a staff member for the newspaper De Telegraaf for 13 years and a member of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

He was an associate of Marcello Truzzi and contributed to the Zetetic Scholar regarding the claims of psychics such as Peter Hurkos and Gerard Croiset which he found to be bogus.

Hoebens killed himself in October 1984.

Gerard Croiset
Gerard Croiset (né Boekbinder; March 10, 1909 – July 20, 1980) was a Dutch parapsychologist, psychometrist and psychic. He was often asked to help police detectives trace missing persons, though authenticated successes were few, and compared against the failures, his success rate was ruled no better than chance.
Convergent cross mapping
Convergent cross mapping (CCM) is a statistical test for a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables that, like the Granger causality test, seeks to resolve the problem that correlation does not imply causation. While Granger causality is best suited for purely stochastic systems where the influences of the causal variables are separable (independent of each other), CCM is based on the theory of dynamical systems and can be applied to systems where causal variables have synergistic effects. As such, CCM is specifically aimed to identify linkage between variables that can appear uncorrelated with each other.

Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p-value computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 specialized statistical tests are in use and noteworthy.
Tomlinson Electric Vehicles
Tomlinson Electric Vehicles was a British manufacturer of milk floats and other battery electric road vehicles, which also supplied vehicles to the Benelux countries. The company was formed in the mid-1930s. In 1949 they were taken over by King's Motors of Oxford, but the Tomlinson name was retained. They made a battery-electric railway locomotive in 1958, and hoped to diversify into this market, but were the subject of a hostile takeover by an asset stripping company in 1961, after which vehicle production ceased.

Milk float
A milk float is a vehicle specifically designed for the delivery of fresh milk. Today, milk floats are usually battery electric vehicles, but they were formerly horse-drawn floats. They were once common in many European countries, particularly the United Kingdom, and were operated by local dairies. However, in recent years, as the number of supermarkets, small independent grocers and petrol stations, and convenience stores stocking fresh milk has increased, many people have switched from regular home delivery to obtaining fresh milk from these other sources.