hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bukovina (Blansko District)
Bukovina is a municipality and village in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

Bukovina lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Blansko, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Brno, and 191 km (119 mi) south-east of Prague.

Blansko
Blansko (Czech pronunciation: [ˈblansko]; German: Blanz) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Svitava River on the border of the Moravian Karst. It is mainly an industrial town.
No. 207 Group RAF
No. 207 (General Purpose) Group was a group of the Royal Air Force (RAF) established on 15 December 1941 by downgrading the British RAF Command known as Air H.Q. East Africa to Group status.

The group was commanded by Air Commodore William Sowrey until June 1942 when Air Commodore Malcolm Taylor took over.

No. 207 (General Purpose) GroupAir Commodore Malcolm TaylorOrder of Battle27 October 1942

On 16 November 1942, the Group was upgraded to Command status and again became Air H.Q. East Africa. Following the Casablanca Conference-directed reorganization of the Allied air forces in the North African and Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO) effective 18 February 1943, Air H.Q. East Africa was a sub-command of RAF Middle East Command, itself a sub-command of the Mediterranean Air Command.

Mediterranean Air Command
The Mediterranean Air Command (MAC) was a World War II Allied air force command that was active in the North African and Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO) between February 18 and December 10, 1943 . MAC was under the command of Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder, whose headquarters were next to those of the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Algiers, Algeria, during the planning of the Allied campaigns in Tunisia, Pantelleria, Sicily, and the invasion of mainland Italy during the war.
Hussein Abdel-Latif
Hussein Abdel-Latif (Arabic: حسين عبد اللطيف) is a former Egyptian professional footballer and football manager. He played for Zamalek SC. As of 2014, he was technical director of the Qatari Al-Khor SC youth team. As of 2025, he is the coach of the Egypt national under-16 football team.

Al-Khor SC
Al-Khor Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الخور الرياضي) is a Qatari professional sports club based in the city of Al Khor. Al-Khor SC is best known for its football team, which competes in the Qatar Stars League from the 2024-25 season again after a short absence of 2 years in Qatari Second Division. It plays its home games at Al-Khor Stadium.
Kurjey Lhakhang
Kurjey Lhakhang,སྐུ་རྗེས་ ཡང་ན་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་ ཞབས་རྗེས་ also known as the Kurjey Monastery, is located in the Bumthang valley in the Bumthang district of Bhutan. This is the final resting place of the remains of the first three Kings of Bhutan. Also, a large tree behind one of the temple buildings is believed to be a terma that was left there by Padmasambhava.

King of Bhutan
The King of Bhutan, officially the Druk Gyalpo (འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་; lit. 'Dragon King'), is the constitutional monarch and head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan. In the Dzongkha language, Bhutan is known as Drukyul which translates as "The Land of the Thunder Dragon". Thus, while kings of Bhutan are known as Druk Gyalpo ("Dragon King"), the Bhutanese people call themselves the Drukpa, meaning "people of Druk (Bhutan)".

The current sovereign of Bhutan is Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, the fifth Druk Gyalpo. He wears the Raven Crown, which is the official crown worn by the kings of Bhutan. He is correctly styled "Mi'wang 'Ngada Rinpoche" ("His Majesty") and addressed "Ngada Rimboche" ("Your Majesty").

King Jigme Khesar was the youngest reigning monarch in the world, being 26 years old when he ascended the throne on 9 December 2006 after his father, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, abdicated the throne in his favour. He was 28 years old when he was crowned on 6 November 2008.
Herbert Turland
Herbert Turland (29 August 1894 — 23 May 1973) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1921 and Nottinghamshire in 1924.

Turland was born in Stapleford, Nottinghamshire. He made his debut first-class appearance Derbyshire in June 1921 against Yorkshire. He opened the batting and made one run in two innings, and that was also his last game for Derbyshire. In 1924 Turland played for Nottinghamshire, and in a match against the South African tourists, scored 29 runs in his first innings and made no runs in the second. He later played in Nottinghamshire's second XI. Turland was a right-handed batsman and played four innings in two first-class matches with an average of 7.5 and a top score of 29. He was left-arm medium-pace bowler and took two overs without taking a wicket.

Turland died in Illogan North, Cornwall at the age of 78.

Illogan
Illogan (pronounced il'luggan, Cornish: Egloshalow) is a village and civil parish in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, two miles (3 km) northwest of Redruth. The population of Illogan was 5,404 at the 2011 census. In the same year the population of the Camborne-Redruth urban area, which also includes Carn Brea, Illogan and several satellite villages, stood at 55,400 making it the largest conurbation in Cornwall. 
Originally a rural area supporting itself by farming and agriculture, Illogan shared in the general leap into prosperity brought about by the mining boom, which was experienced by the whole Camborne-Redruth area.
Florida State Road 527
State Road 527 (SR 527) is a major arterial road through the Orlando MSA extending 20 miles (32 km) through Orange County. Its southern terminus is at SR 482. Much of the route runs in close proximity to the SunRail commuter railroad line.

Seminole County, Florida
Seminole County (/ˈsɛmɪnoʊl/, SEM-i-nohl) is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 470,856, making it the 13th-most populated county in Florida. Its county seat and largest city is Sanford. Seminole County is part of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Marie Marcks
Marie Marcks (25 August 1922 – 7 December 2014) was a German graphic artist and cartoonist. She published numerous books, regular caricatures in widely circulated German publications as well as autobiographical graphic novels on everyday life.  A well-known artist since the post-war years in the Federal Republic of Germany, she is considered among the most important caricaturists and has been called "the Grande Dame of political caricature in Germany".

Political cartoon
A political cartoon, also known as an editorial cartoon, is a cartoon graphic with caricatures of public figures, expressing the artist's opinion. An artist who writes and draws such images is known as an editorial cartoonist. They typically combine artistic skill, hyperbole and satire in order to either question authority or draw attention to corruption, political violence and other social ills.

Developed in England in the latter part of the 18th century, the political cartoon was pioneered by James Gillray, although his and others in the flourishing English industry were sold as individual prints in print shops.  Founded in 1841, the British periodical Punch appropriated the term cartoon to refer to its political cartoons, which led to the term's widespread use.
Haris Xanthoudakis
Haris Xanthoudakis (Greek: Χάρης Ξανθουδάκης; 18 June 1950 – 7 November 2023) was a Greek composer.

A native of Piraeus, Xanthoudakis studied with Iannis Xenakis, among others. Besides music, he has worked in the fields of philology, glottology, semiotics, and art history. Xanthoudakis taught in various conservatories around Europe before becoming, in 1992, professor of music at the Ionian University on Corfu.

Haris Xanthoudakis died on 7 November 2023, at the age of 73.

Ionian University
The Ionian University (IU; Greek: Ιόνιο Πανεπιστήμιο) is a university located in the Ionian Islands, Greece. It is one of the newest institutions of Higher Education in Greece, created in 1984 pursuant to presidential order 83/84 Government Gazette 31 Α/20-3-84, along with the University of the Aegean and the University of Thessaly. In 2018, TEI of Ionian islands merged into the Ionian University.

The university opened its doors to students in Corfu in 1985. Until 2018 it consisted of six departments (History, Foreign Languages and Translation, Music Studies, Library, Archival and Museum Studies, Audiovisual Arts, and Informatics). By incorporating and restructuring the Ionian Technological Education Institute, in the academic year 2019-2020 the Ionian University expanded to comprise a total of twelve departments on four islands of the Ionian Sea (Corfu, Lefkada, Kefalonia, Zakynthos), offering undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes and summer schools.
Filippos Margaritis
Filippos Margaritis (1810–1892) is generally acknowledged to have been the first Greek photographer, whose earliest daguerreotypes, of the Acropolis of Athens, date from 1847. Born in Smyrna to a family of Epirote origin, he studied painting and lithography in Paris and subsequently opened a studio in Athens in 1837 and began teaching at the School of Fine Arts in 1842. He learned the techniques of the daguerreotypes from the French photographer François Perraud (not Philibert) who arrived in Greece in 1847, and in turn passed on his knowledge to the students of Athens Polytechnic around 1850.

Later, he moved on to producing calotypes and albumen prints on paper, including views of the antiquities of Athens as well as formal portraits of Athenian society including members of the courts of King Otto and his successor George I.

He travelled abroad frequently, often to exhibit his work at international exhibitions and fairs. He died in his sister's home in Würzburg on 1 April 1892.

Albumen print
The albumen print, also called albumen silver print, is a method of producing a photographic print using egg whites. Published in January 1847 by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, it was the first commercial process of producing a photo on a paper base from a negative, previous methods—such as the daguerreotype and the tintype—having been printed on metal. It became the dominant form of photographic positives from 1855 to the start of the 20th century, with a peak in the 1860–1890 period.  During the mid-19th century, the carte de visite became one of the more popular uses of the albumen method. In the 19th century, E. & H. T. Anthony & Company were the largest makers and distributors of albumen photographic prints and paper in the United States.
1938 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1938 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, New York. The tournament was scheduled to be held from Thursday September 8 until Saturday September 17 but was prolonged until Saturday September 24 due to poor weather caused by the 1938 New England hurricane. It was the 58th staging of the U.S. National Championships and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

American Don Budge won the men's singles title and became the first tennis player to win the Grand Slam i.e. winning all four Major tennis tournaments (Australian Championships, French Championships, Wimbledon Championships, and U.S. National Championships) in a single calendar year. Budge also won the doubles and mixed doubles title.

Alice Marble
Alice Irene Marble (September 28, 1913 – December 13, 1990) was an American tennis player who won 18 Grand Slam championships between 1936 and 1940: five in singles, six in women's doubles, and seven in mixed doubles. She was ranked world No. 1 in 1939.
The Conception Corporation
The Conception Corporation was an American comedy ensemble consisting of Murphy Dunne, Howard R. Cohen, Ira Miller, and Jeff Begun. They recorded three albums (one of them unreleased) between 1970 and 1973, and made the "underground television show" Void Where Prohibited by Law (similar in concept to Ken Shapiro's Groove Tube productions), which was shown in Chicago and Los Angeles in 1971. Carol Androsky and Lynne Lipton were part of the recording ensemble and members.

Cohen died in 1999, Miller died in 2012. The other members have remained active in various music and film projects.

Ken Shapiro
Kenneth Roy Shapiro (June 5, 1942 – November 18, 2017) was an American writer, producer, director and child actor. Most notably, he played the role of the "Kid" on The Buick-Berle Show. He was a regular on George Scheck's "Star Time" Kids Show (1951–52) working under the name "Kenny Sharpe", along with another budding star Connie Francis. 
Shapiro also directed several titles, including The Groove Tube (1974) and Modern Problems (1981). He died in November 2017 at the age of 75 from cancer.
Tadhg Buidhe mac Tadhg Riabhach Ó Dubhda
Tadhg Buidhe mac Tadhg Riabhach Ó Dubhda (died c. 1457) Chief of the Name and Lord of Tireragh.

Almost the only document dealing with the succession as the Ó Dubhda chief of the name is Araile do fhlathaibh Ua nDubhda, which presents many chronological difficulties. Even when dates and/or lengths of reigns are given, they can only be appromiximated as some chiefs may have ruled in opposition to each other.

Araile gives Tadhg Buidhe "3 years."

Reign
A reign is the period of a person's or dynasty's occupation of the office of monarch of a nation (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Andorra), of a people (e.g., the Franks, the Zulus) or of a spiritual community (e.g., Catholicism, Tibetan Buddhism, Nizari Ismailism). In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies (e.g., Holy Roman Empire) there have been no limits on the duration of a sovereign's reign or incumbency, nor is there a term of office. Thus, a reign usually lasts until the monarch dies, unless the monarchy itself is abolished or the monarch abdicates or is deposed.

In elective monarchies, there may be a fixed period of time for the duration of the monarch's tenure in office (e.g., Malaysia).

The term of a reign can be indicated with the abbreviation "r." (for Latin rexit) after a sovereign's name, such as the following:

George VI, King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions, Emperor of India (r. 1936–1952).
Around the World Under the Sea
Around the World Under the Sea is a 1966 science-fiction film directed by Andrew Marton and starring Lloyd Bridges, Marshall Thompson, Shirley Eaton, Gary Merrill and David McCallum. It follows the adventures of a crew of the deep-diving nuclear-powered civilian research submarine Hydronaut making a submerged circumnavigation of the world to plant monitoring sensors on the ocean floor that will help scientists predict impending earthquakes.

Andrew Marton
Andrew Marton (born Endre Marton; 26 January 1904 – 7 January 1992) was a Hungarian-American film director. In his career, he directed 39 films and television programs, and worked on 16 as a second unit director, including the chariot race in Ben Hur (1959).
Bavarian Pt 2/4 H
The Pt 2/4 H was a class of steam locomotive built by the firm of Krauss for the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) between 1906 and 1908. They were used on routes in Bavaria to haul light, fast passenger trains.

The vehicles all had a gravity-fed firebox with a hopper over the grate for one-man operation. It was possible to access the train directly from the locomotive via doors in the front and rear walls and gangways. On several engines, the Reichsbahn later made modifications to the driver's cab.

The Deutsche Reichsbahn took all engines of this type over. The last Pt 2/4 H locomotive was retired in 1948.

Firebox (steam engine)
In a steam engine, the firebox is the area where the fuel is burned, producing heat to boil the water in the boiler.  Most are somewhat box-shaped, hence the name. The hot gases generated in the firebox are pulled through a rack of tubes running through the boiler.
Golden skiffia
Skiffia francesae, the golden skiffia or tiro dorado, is a species of splitfin endemic to the Rio Teuchitlán, a tributary of Río Ameca in western Mexico. It is extinct in the wild, but has been maintained in aquaria and the aquarium hobbyist trade.

Public aquarium
A public aquarium (pl. aquaria; or public water zoo) is the aquatic equivalent of a zoo, which houses living aquatic animal and plant specimens for public viewing. Most public aquariums feature tanks larger than those kept by home aquarists, as well as smaller tanks.

Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public.
Central Bank of Malaysia
The Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM; Malay: Bank Negara Malaysia; Jawi: بڠک نݢارا مليسيا‎) is the Malaysian central bank. Established on 26 January 1959 as the Central Bank of Malaya (Bank Negara Tanah Melayu), its main purpose is to issue currency, act as the banker and advisor to the government of Malaysia, and regulate the country's financial institutions, credit system, and monetary policy. Its headquarters is located in Kuala Lumpur. The central bank is the only institution permitted to issue the Malaysian ringgit into circulation.

Straits dollar
The Straits dollar was the currency of the Straits Settlements from 1898 until 1939. At the same time, it was also used in the Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States, Kingdom of Sarawak, Brunei, and British North Borneo.
Music of Tokelau
The music of Tokelau occurs in the atolls of Atafu, Nukunonu, and Fakaofo. It is dominated by communal choral activity in harmony, with percussive accompaniment including log drums (pate), pokihi (wooden box) and apa (biscuit tin). Nukunonu is notable for traditional song and dance.

Biscuit tin
Biscuit tins are utilitarian or decorative containers used to package and sell biscuits (such as those served during tea) and some confectionery. Invented by Huntley & Palmers in 1831, they are commonly found in households in United Kingdom, Ireland, and Commonwealth countries, but also in continental Europe and French Canada. Popularity in the United States and English Canada spread later in the 20th century. Over 60% of UK households own a biscuit tin.

Because of their attractive appearance, biscuit tins have often been used by charities and by some visitor attractions as fundraising devices since many customers will happily pay more for a tin of biscuits than it is worth.
Break-even point
The break-even point (BEP) in economics, business—and specifically cost accounting—is the point at which total cost and total revenue are equal, i.e. "even". In layperson's terms, after all costs are paid for there is neither profit nor loss. In economics specifically, the term has a broader definition; even if there is no net loss or gain, and one has "broken even", opportunity costs have been covered and capital has received the risk-adjusted, expected return. The break-even analysis was developed by Karl Bücher and Johann Friedrich Schär.

Karl Bücher
Karl Wilhelm Bücher (16 February 1847, Kirberg, Hesse – 12 November 1930, Leipzig, Saxony) was a German economist, one of the founders of non-market economics, and the founder of journalism as an academic discipline.
Beaumesnil, Eure
Beaumesnil (French pronunciation: [bomenil] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Mesnil-en-Ouche. The Château de Beaumesnil, a 17th-century Louis XIII baroque style château, is located to the north-east of the village.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Luigi Centurini
Luigi Centurini (Genoa, April 24, 1820 – Genoa, November 10, 1900) was an Italian jurist, chess player, and chess composer.(Zavatarelli 2015:19)

In 1853 he published the pamphlet in Genoa titled Giuoco degli Scacchi (Game of Chess). The endgame of rook and knight against rook was a study that made him known worldwide. In 1865 he wrote a work about the "gambetto grande" (Gambit) that appeared on Eco della Scienza, but his studies especially address the endgame. He collaborated with La Régence and The Chess Monthly in 1856–57. He corresponded with the major chess theorists of his time.

The Chess Monthly (American magazine)
The Chess Monthly was a short-lived monthly chess magazine produced from January 1857 and May 1861 in the United States. Edited by professional diplomat and linguistics professor Daniel Willard Fiske, it was co-edited for a time by Paul Morphy. The magazine was based in New York City.

Eugene B. Cook (1830–1915) and Sam Loyd edited the chess problems section.  Running for only five volumes, the magazine is perhaps best remembered today for a two-part article ("The last of a veteran chess player") written by Silas Mitchell about the Turk, the chess-playing machine that had perished in a fire in Philadelphia.
Muromtsevo, Vladimir Oblast
Muromtsevo (Russian: Муромцево) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Muromtsevskoye Rural Settlement, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 3,019 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Kiwao Nomura
Kiwao Nomura (野村 喜和夫, Nomura Kiwao, born 20 October 1951 in Saitama Prefecture) is a Japanese poet, writer, critic, and lecturer. He is considered one of the driving forces behind contemporary Japanese poetry.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Hydeville School
The Hydeville School is a historic former school building on Vermont Route 4A in Castleton, Vermont.  Built in 1898, it is an example of Colonial Revival architecture.  It is also historically notable as one of the first schools in the state that was used as a training school for teachers being trained at the normal school in Castleton (now Castleton University).  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Vermont Route 4A
Vermont Route 4A (VT 4A) is a 14.174-mile-long (22.811 km) east–west state highway in Rutland County, Vermont, United States. It runs from Fair Haven to West Rutland. VT 4A was the former alignment of U.S. Route 4 (US 4) before it was relocated to an expressway.