hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roger Hale Sheaffe
General Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, 1st Baronet (15 July 1763 – 17 July 1851) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served during the War of the Second Coalition and the War of 1812. After the death of Major General Isaac Brock at the Battle of Queenston Heights, Sheaffe became the military commander and acting Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada. He was created a baronet in January 1813 in recognition of his leadership during the battle. In June 1813, Sheaffe was relieved of his civil and military responsibilities due to his decision to retreat at the Battle of York. He was recalled to England later that year. Sheaffe continued serving in the British Army and received a promotion to lieutenant general in 1821 and to full general in 1835.

Siege of Detroit
The siege of Detroit, also known as the surrender of Detroit or the Battle of Fort Detroit, was an early engagement in the War of 1812. A British force under Major General Isaac Brock in cooperation with Indigenous warriors under Shawnee leader Tecumseh used bluff and deception to intimidate American Brigadier General William Hull into surrendering the fort and town of Detroit, the Michigan Territory, and his army which actually outnumbered the victorious British and Indigenous warriors.

The British victory reinvigorated the militia and civilian population of Upper Canada, who had previously been pessimistic and affected by pro-American agitators. Many Indigenous tribes in the Old Northwest were inspired to take up arms against the Americans. The British held Detroit for more than a year before their naval squadron on Lake Erie was defeated at the Battle of Lake Erie which forced them to abandon the western frontier of Upper Canada.
Holdridge life zones
The Holdridge life zones system is a global bioclimatic scheme for the classification of land areas. It was first published by Leslie Holdridge in 1947, and updated in 1967. It is a relatively simple system based on few empirical data, giving objective criteria. A basic assumption of the system is that both soil and the climax vegetation can be mapped once the climate is known.

Climax community
In scientific ecology, climax community or climatic climax community is a historic term for a community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession  in the development of vegetation in an area over time, have reached a steady state. This equilibrium was thought to occur because the climax community is composed of species best adapted to average conditions in that area.  The term is sometimes also applied in soil development. Nevertheless, it has been found that a "steady state" is more apparent than real, particularly across long timescales.

The idea of a single climax, which is defined in relation to regional climate, originated with Frederic Clements in the early 1900s. The first analysis of succession as leading to something like a climax was written by Henry Cowles in 1899, but it was Clements who used the term "climax" to describe the idealized endpoint of succession.
Battle of Moyry Pass
54°03′50″N 6°23′06″W﻿ / ﻿54.064°N 6.385°W﻿ / 54.064; -6.385

The Battle of Moyry Pass was fought during September and October 1600 in counties Armagh and Louth, in the north of Ireland, during the Nine Years' War. It was the first significant engagement of forces following the cessation of arms agreed in the previous year between the Irish leader Hugh O'Neill and the English Crown commander, the Earl of Essex.

The battle was fought by the armies of O'Neill and Lord Mountjoy, a follower of the late Earl of Essex. Mountjoy was determined to pierce O'Neill's heartland in central and western Ulster by the Moyry Pass. In the course of a two-week assault the English troops established a garrison near Armagh, taking heavy casualties, and Mountjoy retired with difficulty to Dundalk.

Newry
Newry (/ˈnjʊəri/; from Irish An Iúraigh) is a city in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye River in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.

Newry was founded in 1144 as a settlement around a Cistercian abbey. In the 16th century the English dissolved the abbey and built Bagenal's Castle on the site. Newry grew as a market town and a garrison, and became a port in 1742 when the Newry Canal was opened, the first summit-level canal in Ireland. A cathedral city, it is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore. In 2002, as part of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Newry was granted city status along with Lisburn.
Cribbea
Cribbea is a genus of secotioid fungi in the family Physalacriaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in southern temperate areas, and, according to a 2008 estimate, contains four species. A new species, Cribbea turbinispora, was reported from Australia in 2009, and in the same publication, C. lamellata was synonymized with C. gloriosa. The genus is named after mycologist Joan Cribb, in recognition of her contribution to fungal taxonomy.

Although Rolf Singer, Jorge Eduardo Wright and Egon Horak created the family Cribbeaceae to contain the genus in 1963, molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown that the genus belong to the Physalacriaceae, with affinities to the genera Xerula and Oudemansiella.

Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German mycologist and taxonomist of gilled mushrooms (agarics).

He wrote the book "The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy". He fled to various countries during the Nazi period, pursuing mycology in the Soviet Union, Argentina, and finally the United States, as mycologist at the Field Museum in Chicago.
Bacillus safensis
Bacillus safensis is a gram-positive, spore-forming, and rod bacterium, originally isolated from a spacecraft in Florida and California. B. safensis could have possibly been transported to the planet Mars on spacecraft Opportunity and Spirit in 2004. There are several known strains of this bacterium, all of which belong to the Bacillota phylum of Bacteria. This bacterium also belongs to the large, pervasive genus Bacillus. B. safensis is an aerobic chemoheterotroph and is highly resistant to salt and UV radiation. B. safensis affects plant growth, since it is a powerful plant hormone producer, and it also acts as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, enhancing plant growth after root colonization. Strain B. safensis JPL-MERTA-8-2 is (so far) the only bacterial strain shown to grow noticeably faster in micro-gravity environments than on the Earth surface.

Bacillota
The Bacillota (synonym "Firmicutes") are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have Gram-positive cell wall structure. They have round cells, called cocci (singular coccus), or rod-like forms (bacillus). A few Bacillota, such as Megasphaera, Pectinatus, Selenomonas, and Zymophilus from the class Negativicutes, have a porous pseudo-outer membrane that causes them to stain Gram-negative. Many Bacillota produce endospores, which are resistant to desiccation and can survive extreme conditions. They are found in various environments, and the group includes some notable pathogens. Those in one family, the Heliobacteria, produce energy through anoxygenic photosynthesis. Bacillota play an important role in beer, wine, and cider spoilage.
Sandrine Hennart
Sandrine Hennart (born 12 December 1972) is a retired Belgian long jumper who also excelled in the sprints.

In the long jump she won the bronze medal at the 1990 World Junior Championships, finished twelfth at the 1990 European Championships and won the bronze medal at the 1994 Jeux de la Francophonie. She also competed at the 1993 World Championships and the 2000 European Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

In the shortest sprint event she competed at the 1990 World Junior Championships and the 1997 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

Her personal best long jump was 6.63 metres, achieved in June 1996 in Ninove. She won the Belgian Golden Spike talent award in 1990.

Ninove
Ninove (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈninoːvə] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Flemish province of East Flanders in Belgium. It is on the river Dender, and is part of the Denderstreek. The municipality comprises the city of Ninove proper and since the 1976 merger of the towns of Appelterre-Eichem, Aspelare, Denderwindeke, Lieferinge, Meerbeke, Nederhasselt, Neigem, Okegem, Outer, Pollare and Voorde. On 1 January 2023 Ninove had a total population of 40.090. The total area is 72.57 km2 which gives a population density of 553 inhabitants per km2.
Acrolophus forbesi
Acrolophus forbesi is a moth of the family Acrolophidae. It was described by Hasbrouck in 1964. It is found in North America, including Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas.

The wingspan is about 17 mm.

Acrolophinae
Acrolophinae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera. The subfamily comprises the burrowing webworm moths and tube moths and holds about 300 species in five genera, which occur in the wild only in the New World. It is closely related to the family Tineidae.
Hisakichi Toyoda
Hisakichi Toyoda (豊田 久吉, Toyoda Hisakichi) (January 2, 1912 – October 7, 1976) was a Japanese swimmer who competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics. There he won the gold medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay event. He was born in Yamaguchi, Japan, and is the grandfather of three-time Olympian Kenji Watanabe.

Yamaguchi (city)
Yamaguchi (山口市, Yamaguchi-shi) is the capital city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 191,470 in 88,799 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,023.23 square kilometres (395.07 sq mi).
V. A. Kamath
Vice Admiral Vasudeva Anant Kamath, PVSM (1921–2017) was a former Flag officer in the Indian Navy. He was the founding Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, which he led from 1978 to 1980. He also served as the 4th Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) from 1973 to 1977, the longest tenure in the Indian Navy's history. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he led the Southern Naval Area, for which he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal.

Southern Naval Command
The Southern Naval Command is one of the three, command-level formations of the Indian Navy. Southern Naval Command is the largest naval command in India and it has its headquarters in Kochi, Kerala at INS Venduruthy. It is the Training Command of the Indian Navy.

The Command is commanded by a Three Star Flag Officer of the rank of Vice Admiral with the title Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command (FOC-in-C). Vice Admiral Sameer Saxena, AVSM, NM is the current FOC-in-C SNC, who took over on 31 December 2023.
Pallikoodam Pogamale
Pallikoodam Pogamale (transl. Without even going to school) is a 2015 Indian Tamil language drama film written and directed by Jayasheelan. The film features Tejas and Aishwarya Raja in the lead roles while Ganesh Venkatraman and Srihari plays pivotal roles. This films features the debut of Tejas (son of actor Alex) and Aishwarya.  The film was shot at an international school near Kerala. This was Srihari's last film to date.

M. M. Alex
Mathew Mullasseril Alex (25 May 1959 – 23 June 2015), popularly known as Dr. M. M. Alex , was an Indian actor and alternative medicine researcher. He was known for starring in blockbuster Malayalam films, Rajavinte Makan (1986) and Thoovanathumbikal (1987) Alex produced more than 220 documentaries and digitisations on world peace, religion, tourism, health systems and human rights. He was also the founder of Vedik India Society and The Institute of Ancient Integrative Therapies Research. He also served as the jury member for the National Film Awards.

Alex was honoured with the "Ambassador of Peace Award" by Universal Peace Federation and "Samskrita Mitra" award by the Government of India. He was also the president of Samskrita Bharathi – Tamil Nadu.

Dr. M. M. Alex died from a cardiac arrest on 23 June 2015, aged 56.
Jiktong coal mine
The February 8 Jiktong Coal Mine(2.8직동청년탄광) is a coal mine in South Pyongan Province, North Korea. It is part of the Sunchon Area Youth Coal-mining Complex. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 330 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest lignite reserves in Asia, and it produces 1 million tonnes of coal per year.

South Pyongan Province
South Pyongan Province (Korean: 평안남도; MR: Phyŏngannamdo; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanːamdo]) is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Pyongan Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Pyongsong.
Wern-ddu Farmhouse, Llantilio Pertholey
Wern-ddu farmhouse, Llantilio Pertholey, Monmouthshire is a farmhouse of 17th century origins. It has been significantly altered in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries and the Monmouthshire antiquarian, Sir Joseph Bradney recorded that it had "suffered so much by continual alterations that it shows but little of its antiquity". It is a Grade II* listed building.

Llantilio Pertholey
Llantilio Pertholey (Welsh: Llandeilo Bertholau) is a village and community (parish) in Monmouthshire, south east Wales.  It is located 2 miles (3.2 km) to the north-east of the market town of Abergavenny, which it is part of, just off the A465 road to Hereford.  The parish covers a large area beneath the Skirrid, an outlier of the Black Mountains; much of the parish lies within the easternmost part of the Brecon Beacons National Park.
Hanle
Hanle can mean:

Hanle (village), located in eastern Indian Ladakh, near the Chinese border
The Indian Astronomical Observatory, adjacent to Hanle village, location of the highest major astronomical telescopes in the world and colloquially known as Hanle
Hanle River, a tributary of the Indus River flowing by the Hanle village
Hanle Monastery

Wilhelm Hanle, German physicist
Hanle effect, a reduction in the polarisation of light caused by a magnetic field, named after Wilhelm Hanle

Zack Hanle, American cookbook author

Zack Hanle
Dorothea Zack Hanle (c. 1915 - February 17, 1999), was an American cooking author and journalist who served as an editor of Bon Appetit, in addition to writing books about cooking, diet and exercise, as well as gardening. In 1976, she was one of the cofounders of Les Dames d'Escoffier, a society of professional women involved in the food, wine, and hospitality industries.
Makran-class forward base ship
IRIS Makran (Persian: مکران) is the lead forward base ship of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. Ships of this class have been in service with Iran's Southern Fleet since 2021 and are named after the coastal region of Makran.

Makran is a former crude oil tanker converted into a warship, she was known with the tentative title Khalij-e Fars (lit. 'Persian Gulf', a name reserved for the lead ship of Project Loghman) before her name being changed to the current. Though not officially acknowledged, TankerTrackers, a firm that tracks maritime traffic, has identified her as a Japanese-built ship completed in 2010, previously named Beta and earlier Al Buhaira, and whose AIS signal was last detected in 2019 near United Arab Emirates. Its intended task/purpose is to support naval units in remote waters, especially in the North Indian Ocean, the Bab-el-Mandeb and the Red Sea. Like Makran the other two ships are also being converted from oil tanker to forward base ship.

Southern Fleet (Iran)
The Southern Fleet, which is under command of the Southern Forward Naval Headquarters (SNFHQ; Persian: قرارگاه مقدم ناوگان جنوب), compromises the 1st, the 2nd and the 3rd naval regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. The SNFHQ is based in Bandar Abbas, and is responsible for coordination across its three southern districts as a forward operating base, as well as presence of units in international missions off Iranian territorial waters.
PhSeZn-halides
PhSeZn-halides (Santi's reagent)  is a class of  chemical compounds with general formula PhSeZnX (X = Cl, Br). This is the first example of bench stable zinc selenolates with a remarkable nucleophilic reactivity under on-water conditions. The synthesis and application of these reagents were first reported by Dr. Claudio Santi of the University of Perugia in 2008. In 2016, the lead compound (PhSeZnCl) becomes commercially available.

University of Perugia
The University of Perugia (Italian Università degli Studi di Perugia) is a public university in Perugia, Italy. It was founded in 1308, as attested by the Bull issued by Pope Clement V certifying the birth of the Studium Generale.

The official seal of the university depicts Saint Herculan, one of the patron saints, and the rampant crowned griffin, which is the city symbol; they represent the ecclesiastical and civil powers, respectively, which gave rise to the university in the Middle Ages.
"Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu" Decoration
The "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu" Decoration (Albanian: Dekorata "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu") is a high honorary state decoration that is currently awarded to Albanian and foreign citizens in Albania, that have made an important contribution to the defence, reinforcement and development of the Republic of Albania.

The name refers to Skanderbeg, who is the national hero of the Albanian people. The Decoration is granted by the President of Albania. It should not be confused with the royal Order of Skanderbeg, which is a dynastic order bestowed by the Albanian royal family.

House of Zogu
The House of Zogu, or Zogolli during Ottoman times and until 1922, is an Albanian dynastic family whose roots date back to the early 20th century. The family provided the first president and the short-lived modern Albanian Kingdom with its only monarch, King Zog I of the Albanians (1928–1939).
Bill C. Bellamy
Bill C. Bellamy (born December 9, 1949) is an American politician who was a member of the Oregon House of Representatives.

Bellamy was born in 1949 at Goldendale, Washington and attended Oregon State University. He worked as a vocational agriculture instructor.

Goldendale, Washington
Goldendale is a city in and the county seat of Klickitat County, Washington, United States, near the Columbia River Gorge. As of the 2020 census, Goldendale had a population of 3,453. It is situated in a primarily agricultural area and is also near Goldendale Observatory State Park. The valley in which Goldendale is located offers views of the Cascade Mountains to the west and the Simcoe Mountains to the north.
Listed buildings in Wardlow, Derbyshire
Wardlow is a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains three listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Wardlow and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of a farmhouse and attached barn, a public house, and a church with an attached school.

Derbyshire Dales
Derbyshire Dales (/ˈdɑːrbiʃɪər, -ʃər/ DAR-bee-sheer, -⁠shər) is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The district was created in 1974 as West Derbyshire; the name was changed to Derbyshire Dales in 1987. The council is based in the town of Matlock, and the district also includes the towns of Ashbourne, Bakewell, Darley Dale and Wirksworth, as well as numerous villages and extensive rural areas. Much of the district is within the Peak District National Park.

The neighbouring districts are High Peak, Sheffield, North East Derbyshire, Amber Valley, South Derbyshire, East Staffordshire and Staffordshire Moorlands.
Greens (English restaurant)
Greens was a restaurant at 41 to 43 Lapwing Lane in West Didsbury. An existing vegetarian restaurant, Greens was reopened in 1990 by Simon Rimmer and Simon Connolly after they spotted it in a pub, with Rimmer becoming its chef after discovering that they could not afford to hire someone. A sister restaurant opened in Sale, Greater Manchester, in July 2022, but both closed in 2024 as a result of that decade's cost-of-living crisis.

The Didsbury branch was awarded an AA Rosette in 1992, became the first purely vegetarian restaurant to appear in The Good Food Guide, and has appeared on a number of 'best of' lists. Writers for SquareMeal, Time Out, and Manchester Evening News also gave the restaurant positive write-ups. Its staff have included Eddie Shepherd, who set up a successful vegetarian restaurant of his own, and MasterChef winner Simon Wood, who spent a period cooking there between winning and setting up his own restaurant.

MasterChef
MasterChef is a competitive cooking show television format created by Franc Roddam, which originated with the British version in July 1990. The show aims to discover the culinary talent of chefs of varying skill levels, through a series of cooking challenges, watched over by various acclaimed food critics and chefs.

Dave Ross commissioned the show for the BBC and gave it the name; he had already produced Masterteam, a quiz show hosted by Angela Rippon, and worked on the long-running Mastermind, and so the name was a continuation of that. The format was revived and updated for the BBC in February 2005 by executive producers Roddam and John Silver with series producer Karen Ross.

The revived format is sold internationally by Banijay. Its first international adaptation was MasterChef Australia, which began in 2009. The show has since been adapted in several other countries.
Erv Pitts
Ervin Ralph Pitts (September 14, 1920 – January 17, 1999) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach and college athletics administrator. He served as a head coach at Dakota Wesleyan University in Mitchell, South Dakota in football (1954 to 1955) and basketball (1954 to 1956). Pitts then served in a similar capacity at Peru State College in Peru, Nebraska, first as a head football coach (1964 to 1968) and then as head men's basketball coach (1973).

A native of Coffeyville, Kansas, Pitts played college football at the University of Missouri. As a quarterback for the Missouri Tigers, he led a split-T offense for head coach Don Faurot.

Split-T
The split-T is an offensive formation in American football that was popular in the 1940s and 1950s. Developed by Missouri Tigers head coach Don Faurot as a variation on the T formation, the split-T was first used in the 1941 season and allowed the Tigers to win all but their season-opening match against the Ohio State Buckeyes and the 1942 Sugar Bowl versus Fordham. Jim Tatum and Bud Wilkinson, who coached under Faurot with the Iowa Pre-Flight Seahawks during World War II, brought the split-T to the Oklahoma Sooners in 1946.  After Tatum left for Maryland in 1947, Wilkinson became the head coach and went on to win a record-setting 47 straight games and two national titles between 1953 and 1957.
Achachi Qala (Murillo)
Achachi Qala (Aymara for "gigantic stone", Hispanicized spelling Achachicala) is a 4,505-metre-high (14,780 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, Palca Municipality. Achachi Qala lies southwest of Ch'iyar Qullu.

Pedro Domingo Murillo Province
Pedro Domingo Murillo is a province in the Bolivian La Paz Department. It was created on January 8, 1838, with the name Cercado and on October 17, 1912, during the presidency of Eliodoro Villazón, its name was changed in honor of Pedro Domingo Murillo, protagonist of the revolution of June 16, 1809.

The province contains the Bolivian administrative capital, La Paz, as well as the major city of El Alto.