hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Substitution (sport)
In team sports, substitution (or interchange) is replacing one player with another during a match.  Substitute players that are not in the starting lineup (also known as bench players, backups, interchange, or reserves) reside on the bench and are available to substitute for a starter. Later in the match, that substitute may be substituted for by another substitute or by a starter who is currently on the bench.

Free substitution or rolling substitution is a rule in some sports that allows players to enter and leave the game for other players many times during the course of a game, generally during a time-out or other break in live play; and for coaches to bring in and take out players an unlimited number of times. In other sports, limited substitution restricts the manner in which players can be replaced.

Roller derby
Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams.  Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring.
Robert Alexander (photographer)
Robert Alexander was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States, on the November 21, 1943. He spent most of his early life there, eventually working as a freelance photographer and photographer's assistant from various addresses, including Remsen Street in the downtown area of the city. Alexander studied Art History at the University of Pennsylvania from 1961 to 1965 (but did not graduate), and conducted brief stints at both the New School for Social Research (film production) and the School of Visual Arts (16mm film editing). By the early seventies, Alexander had moved to Manhattan and had begun his work as a freelance photographer; although he continued to assist other photographers for several years. He also worked as a commercial photographer, contributing to catalogues and advertising for jewelry and clothing manufacturers.

Downtown
Downtown is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district (CBD). It may also be a center for shopping and entertainment. Downtowns typically contain a small percentage of a city's employment but are concentrated in services, including high-end services (office or white-collar jobs). Sometimes, smaller downtowns include lower population densities and lower incomes than nearby suburbs. It is often distinguished as a hub of public transit and culture.
2024 Challenger Concepción – Doubles
Guido Andreozzi and Guillermo Durán were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Seita Watanabe and Takeru Yuzuki won the title after defeating Patrick Harper and David Stevenson 6–4, 7–6(8–6) in the final.

David Stevenson (tennis)
David Stevenson (born 1 January 1999) is a British tennis player.

Stevenson has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 98 achieved on 23 June 2025.

He has won three ATP Challenger doubles titles. The 2024 Kozerki Open with Charles Broom, the 2024 Taipei OEC Open with Marcus Willis and the 2025 Challenger Città di Lugano with Cleeve Harper.

Stevenson played college tennis at Memphis.
Krishna railway station
Krishna Railway Station is located in Narayanpet district of Telangana and falls under the jurisdiction of Guntakal railway division of South Central Railway zone. The station forms a part of Mahbubnagar and Munirabad section. Neighbourhood stations are Chegunta, Saidapur, Yadlapur. Nearby major railway station is Secunderabad Junction another nearby major railway station is Raichur and airport is Rajiv Gandhi International Airport. A total of 16 express trains stop at this station. It is an important station for people in rural areas of neighbouring small villages such as Chegunta, Yadlapur. A lot of native Telugu people of this area are migrated to neighbouring  Maharashtra they visit their native villages occasionally.

Chegunta
Chegunta is a census town in Medak district of Telangana, has population of 10,747 of which 5,872 are males while 4,875 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. 
The population of children aged 0-6 is 655, which is 11.40% of total population of Chegunta (CT). In Chegunta Census Town, the female sex ratio is 1001 against state average of 993. Moreover, child sex ratio in Chegunta is around 882 compared to Andhra Pradesh state average of 939. The literacy rate of Chegunta city is 75.00% higher than the state average of 67.02%. In Chegunta, male literacy is around 86.13% while female literacy rate is 64.06%. 
Chegunta Census Town has total administration over 1,244 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within Census Town limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.
Paul Butler (cricketer)
Paul Richard Butler (born 26 June 1963) is a former English cricketer.  Butler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Sleaford, Lincolnshire.

Butler made his debut for Lincolnshire in the 1983 Minor Counties Championship against Cumberland.  Butler played Minor counties cricket for Lincolnshire from 1983 to 1995, which included 51 Minor Counties Championship matches and 11 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1983 NatWest Trophy.  He scored 4 runs in the match, before being dismissed by Ian Payne. He played a further List A match for Lincolnshire against Lancashire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took 3 wickets for the cost of 20 runs from 2.5 overs, while with the bat he scored 33 runs before being dismissed by Jack Simmons.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Takara's Treasure
Takara's Treasure (Japanese: タカラのびいどろ, Hepburn: Takara no Bīdoro; lit. "Takara's Vidro") is a Japanese manga series by Minta Suzumaru (鈴丸みんた). It is serialized in the monthly boys' love manga magazine Dear+ from September 14, 2020, to April 14, 2022. A live-action television drama adaptation was broadcast on BS Asahi, TV Kanagawa, RKB Mainichi Broadcasting, Hokkaido Broadcasting, and Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting from July 1, 2024, to September 9, 2024.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
WHLT
WHLT (channel 22) is a television station in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States, affiliated with CBS and owned by Nexstar Media Group. Its second subchannel serves as an owned-and-operated station of The CW (via The CW Plus) as Nexstar owns a majority stake in the network. WHLT has studios on US 49 in Hattiesburg; its transmitter is located in unincorporated northeastern Forrest County.

Although identifying as a separate station in its own right, WHLT is considered a semi-satellite of sister station WJTV (channel 12) in Jackson. As such, it clears all network programming as provided through its parent and simulcasts most of WJTV's newscasts, but airs a separate offering of syndicated programming; there are also separate station identifications and local commercial inserts. WHLT's master control, as well as some internal operations, are housed at WJTV's studios on TV Road in southwest Jackson.

Forrest County, Mississippi
Forrest County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,158. Its county seat and largest city is Hattiesburg. The county was created from Perry County in 1908 and named in honor of Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Confederate general in the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. Forrest County is part of the Hattiesburg, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mar Gómez Glez
Mar Gómez Glez (Madrid, 1977) is a Spanish playwright and novelist.

Gómez Glez's plays have been produced in Spain, India, Germany and the US. Her work has premiered Off-Broadway, (Wearing Lorca’s Bowtie, Duke on 42nd Street, 2011) and Off-Off-Broadway (39 Defaults, TeatroStageFest, Casa Mezcal, and La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, 2012-2014).

Gómez Glez is the author of three books, the most recent of which is La edad ganada (2015).

Gómez Glez was the first Hot Desk International Playwright at Center Stage (Baltimore, 2015) and invited playwright at the Royal Court International Residency in 2009. Gómez Glez holds a Ph.D. from New York University, has been a lecturer at University of Southern California and is Visiting Assistant Professor at Bard College.

Her work has received global recognition, including the 2011 Calderón de la Barca Theater Award, the 2008 Arte Joven Latina Award, and the 2007 Beckett Theater Award.

La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club
La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club (sometimes abbreviated as La MaMa E.T.C.) is an Off-Off-Broadway theater founded in 1961 by African-American theatre director, producer, and fashion designer Ellen Stewart. Located in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, the theater began in the basement boutique where Stewart sold her fashion designs. Stewart turned the space into a theater at night, focusing on the work of young playwrights.
Buzz Fazio
Basil "Buzz" Fazio (February 7, 1908 – February 15, 1993) nicknamed the "Buzzer" was a pioneer and early American bowling star during the mid-20th century. Known equally for his fierce competitiveness and audience pleasing theatrics, Fazio's professional career spanned from the early 1940s to the late 1960s. The six-time ABC (American Bowling Congress) and two-time PBA (Professional Bowlers Association) champion began his career during bowling's golden era of "Team" play.

United States Bowling Congress
The United States Bowling Congress (USBC) is a sports membership organization dedicated to ten-pin bowling in the United States.  It was formed in 2005 by a merger of the American Bowling Congress—the original codifier of all tenpin bowling standards, rules, and regulations from 1895 onwards; the Women's International Bowling Congress—founded in 1916, as the female bowlers' counterpart to the then all-male ABC; the Young American Bowling Alliance; and USA Bowling.  The USBC's headquarters are located in Arlington, Texas, after having moved from the Milwaukee suburb of Greendale, Wisconsin, in November 2008. The move enabled the USBC to combine its operations with the Bowling Proprietors' Association of America (BPAA).
Detroit Mercy Titans men's soccer
The Detroit Mercy Titans men's soccer program represents the University of Detroit Mercy in all NCAA Division I men's college soccer competitions. Founded in 1987, the Titans compete in the Horizon League. The Titans Coach is  Nate Kopunek, who joined the team on March 6, 2023, replacing Coach Deren. Titans plays their home matches at Titan Field, on the Detroit Mercy campus.

University of Detroit Mercy
The University of Detroit Mercy is a private Catholic university in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is sponsored by both the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and the Sisters of Mercy. The university was founded in 1877 and is the largest Catholic university in Michigan. It has four campuses where it offers more than 100 academic degree programs. In athletics, the university sponsors 17 NCAA Division I sports for men and women. It is a member of the Horizon League.
1802 in birding and ornithology
Johann Matthäus Bechstein Ornithologisches Taschenbuch 1802–1803.

Matthew Flinders discovered the soon to be extinct Kangaroo Island emu

George Montagu publishes Ornithogical Dictionary; or Alphabetical Synopsis of British Birds

Louis Dufresne  popularized the use of arsenical soap for preserving birds in an article in Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle a technique which had enabled the Muséum to build the greatest collection of birds in the world.

John Latham  published Supplementum Indicis Ornithologici, sive Systematis Ornithologiae. In this work he scientifically describes the noisy miner, the white-tailed tropicbird, the azure kingfisher, the rufous whistler and the scarlet honeyeater amongst many other birds.

The white-naped honeyeater described by Louis Pierre Vieillot and  Jean Baptiste Audebert in Oiseaux dorés, ou à reflets métalliques

White-tailed tropicbird
The white-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon lepturus) or yellow-billed tropicbird is a tropicbird. It is the smallest of three closely related seabirds of the tropical oceans and smallest member of the order Phaethontiformes. It is found in the tropical Atlantic, western Pacific and Indian Oceans. It also breeds on some Caribbean islands, and a few pairs have started nesting recently on Little Tobago, joining the red-billed tropicbird colony. In addition to the tropical Atlantic, it nests as far north as Bermuda, where it is locally called a "longtail".
Johnny Mansour
Johnny Mansour (Arabic: جوني منصور; born December 25, 1960, Haifa, Israel) is an Israeli academic, author and historian at the Department of History Studies at the Academic College in Beit Berl. He specializes in the contemporary history of the Middle East and Israel, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the history of Haifa.

Beit Berl College
Beit Berl College is a multi-disciplinary academic college for higher education located in Beit Berl in the Sharon region of Israel. It is one of the oldest colleges in Israel.

The college grants undergraduate degrees (B.Ed and B.Ed.F.A.) and graduate degrees (M.Ed and M.Teach) in a variety of disciplines in teaching and education (formal and informal), in the arts (fine arts, film, art education, art therapy), humanities and social sciences. The college also issues teaching certificates for academics and various types of diplomas.
Hatsune Miku: Project Mirai 2
Hatsune Miku: Project Mirai 2 (初音ミク Project Mirai 2) is a rhythm game created by Sega and Crypton Future Media for the Nintendo 3DS. It is the sequel to Hatsune Miku and Future Stars: Project Mirai. The game is also a spin-off of the Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA series of Vocaloid rhythm games and was first released only in Japan on November 28, 2013. Like the original, the game primarily makes use of Vocaloids, a series of singing synthesizer software and the songs created using these vocaloids most notably the virtual-diva Vocaloid Hatsune Miku. It is also the second game to include a Vocaloid made by Internet Co., Ltd., Gumi. An updated version of the game was released in 2015, first in Japan as Hatsune Miku: Project Mirai Deluxe (初音ミク Project Mirai でらっくす), then in North America and Europe under the title of Hatsune Miku: Project Mirai DX.

Internet Co., Ltd.
Internet Co., Ltd. (株式会社インターネット, Kabushikigaisha Intānetto) or Internet, is a software company based in Osaka, Japan. It is best known for the music sequencer Singer Song Writer and Niconico Movie Maker for Nico Nico Douga, a video sharing website. It also develops singing synthesizers using the Vocaloid 4 engine developed by Yamaha Corporation. In 2014, they were the second leading company in sound-related software in Japan, boasting a 14.0% share of the market.
Edmund Schallenberg
Johann Edmund Schallenberg (October 11, 1913 – March 28, 1999) was an American male handball player. He was a member of the United States men's national handball team. He was part of the  team at the 1936 Summer Olympics, playing 3 matches. On club level he played for German Sport Club Brooklyn in the United States.

Handball at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Field handball at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the first appearance of the sport at the Olympics. It was contested by six teams. Games were played outdoors with 11 players on each side.

The six teams were split into two groups of three. Each team played each other within each group.  The top two teams in each group advanced to the final round, while the third-ranked teams played each other for fifth and sixth places. In the final round, each team played each other. Final rankings were based on the records of each team in those three games.
Grenaa Gymnasium & HF
56°24′28.83″N 10°53′19.79″E﻿ / ﻿56.4080083°N 10.8888306°E﻿ / 56.4080083; 10.8888306
Grenaa Gymnasium is a secondary school in Grenaa, Denmark. The school has three types of education, Gymnasium, HF and IB.

The school comprises two buildings connected by an umbilical. The first – often referred to as the old part – was built in 1964, the second – often referred to as the new part – in 1973. Classrooms are subject specific with science and cultural classrooms in the old part, and with humanities, social sciences, and mathematics in the new building. Because the school has subject-specific classrooms, long distances between them have been avoided by having them all face a centre of the buildings. The centre of the first building is a large cloakroom and an assembly hall. The second building is built in two open levels with the classrooms on the upper floor and a large common area with a canteen, reading area, and library on the lower level.

Secondary education in Denmark
Secondary education in Denmark (in Danish: ungdomsuddannelse, "youth education") usually takes two to four years and is attended by students between the ages of 15 and 19, after finish primary education by 9th or 10th grade. Secondary education is not compulsory, but usually free of charge, and students have a wide range of programmes to choose from. Some education programmes are oriented towards higher education, the most common being the Gymnasium. Others are more practically orientated, training students for jobs such as artisans or clerks through a combination of instruction in vocational schools and apprenticeship.
Alisdair Simpson
Alisdair Simpson (born 31 December 1969) is a British actor, voice-over artist and narrator. He has a distinctive, masculine voice, making him a popular and recognisable narrator of documentaries on television.

Alisdair plays Otto in  the PlayStation game Final Fantasy XVI (2023).

He was Ser Donnel Waynwood in Series Four of Game of Thrones and between 2014 and 2016 he was Chapman Carter in War Horse at The New London Theatre.

He was Richard in the BAFTA-winning and Oscar-nominated The Bigger Picture, a short animation film directed by Daisy Jacobs.

He has narrated over 300 documentaries including Pompeii: The Last Day, Lost Land of the Jaguar, Expedition Borneo, Operation Iceberg, Doctors in the Death Zone, The Somme – From Defeat to Victory for the BBC. 
Other programmes for WMR broadcast on the Yesterday include: Nazi Hunters, Nazi Collaborators, Secret War, Great Crimes and Trials and Black Ops.

Spooks (TV series)
Spooks (known as MI-5 in some countries) is a British television spy drama series that originally aired on BBC One from 13 May 2002 to 23 October 2011, consisting of 10 seasons. The title is a colloquialism for spies, and the series follows the activities of the intelligence officers of Section D in MI5, based at the service's Thames House headquarters, in a highly secure suite of offices known as The Grid. In the United States, the show is broadcast under the title MI-5. In Canada, the programme originally aired as MI-5, but later aired on BBC Canada as Spooks.

The series continued with a film, Spooks: The Greater Good, which was released on 8 May 2015.
25th Japan Film Professional Awards
The 25th Japan Film Professional Awards (第25回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞) was the 25th edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. Films of 2015 which had not already won a major domestic film award were eligible. The ceremony took place on May 3, 2016, at Theatre Shinjuku in Tokyo.

Kiyoshi Kurosawa
Kiyoshi Kurosawa (黒沢 清, Kurosawa Kiyoshi; born July 19, 1955) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, film critic, author, actor, and a former professor at Tokyo University of the Arts (2005–2023).

Noted for his psychological films that often focus on ambiguous narratives and on their characters' inner turmoils and quests for meaning and connections, he is best known for his contributions to psychological horror and Japanese horror, notably his acclaimed 1997 film Cure, although he has also worked in a variety of other genres. While most of his work has been in Japanese, two of his films, Daguerrotype (2016) and Serpent's Path (2024; a remake of his own 1998 film of the same name), were in French. The New York Times stated that Kurosawa "is to psychological fright what David Cronenberg is to body horror."
1924 Birthday Honours
The 1924 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette on 3 June 1924.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.