hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitution of the Lacedaemonians
The Lacedaemonion Politeia (Ancient Greek: Λακεδαιμονίων Πολιτεία), known in English as the Polity, Constitution, or Republic of the Lacedaemonians, or the Spartan Constitution, is a treatise attributed to the ancient Greek historian Xenophon, describing the institutions, customs, and practices of the ancient Spartans. The work examines the reasons for Sparta's power and renown, despite the city state's sparse population. There are fifteen chapters: the first thirteen enumerate the practices and institutions that made Sparta great; the last two describe Sparta's decline and the survival of its monarchy. The Polity dates to the period between 387 and 375 BC, and is the only contemporary account of the Spartan political system which survives.  Together with Plutarch's "Life of Lycurgus", it provides the most detailed surviving description of the Spartan state, and is considered the best source of information about Spartan women during classical antiquity.

Parallel Lives
The Parallel Lives (Ancient Greek: Βίοι Παράλληλοι, Bíoi Parállēloi; Latin: Vītae Parallēlae) is a series of 48 biographies of famous men written in Greek by the Greco-Roman philosopher, historian, and Apollonian priest Plutarch, probably at the beginning of the second century. The lives are arranged in pairs to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings.

The surviving Parallel Lives comprises 23 pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman of similar destiny, such as Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, or Demosthenes and Cicero. There are also four singular Lives, recounting the stories of Artaxerxes, Aratus, Galba, and Otho. Traces of other biographies point to an additional twelve single Lives that are now missing.

It is a work of considerable importance, not only as a source of information about the individuals described, but also about the times in which they lived.
Juan de Zumárraga
Juan de Zumárraga, OFM (1468 – June 3, 1548) was a Spanish Basque Franciscan prelate and the first Bishop of Mexico. He was also the region's first inquisitor. He wrote Doctrina breve, the first book published in the Western Hemisphere by a European, printed in Mexico City in 1539.

Inquisitor
An inquisitor was an official (usually with judicial or investigative functions) in an inquisition – an organization or program intended to eliminate heresy and other things contrary to the doctrine or teachings of the Catholic faith. Literally, an inquisitor is one who "searches out" or "inquires" (from the Latin inquirere).

There are also archaic female forms of the word. Inquisitrix was found to be used in the early 1800s and its predecessor inquisitress was found to be used in the early 1700s.

In some cases, inquisitors sought out the social networks that people used to spread heresy.

There were multiple national inquisitions with different approaches and targets.
Tre giorni son che Nina
"Tre giorni son che Nina in letto senesta" (often called "Nina" or the "Siciliana") is an 18th-century song long attributed to Pergolesi, but now more often to Vincenzo Legrenzo Ciampi (1719–1762). The song was one of the "Arie antiche" favourites of 19th-century salons associated with Alessandro Parisotti, and in the 20th century was recorded by Enrico Caruso, Tito Schipa, Giuseppe Anselmi, Richard Tucker as well as more recently, by Alfredo Kraus and Ramon Vargas. The attribution to Pergolesi may have come from the mistaken assumption that the song is based on an aria sung about Nina in Pergolesi's Lo frate 'nnamorato.

Ramón Vargas
Ramón Vargas (born 11 September 1960) is a Mexican operatic tenor. Since his debut in the early '90s, he has developed to become one of the most acclaimed tenors of the 21st century. Known for his most expressive and agile lyric tenor voice, he is especially successful in the bel canto repertoire.
Marianne Dubuc
Marianne Dubuc CM (born 1980) is a Canadian writer and illustrator of children's books living in Quebec.

She was born in Montreal and studied graphic design at the Université du Québec à Montréal.

Her first book was La mer (2006), translated into English as The Sea (2012). Her second book Devant ma maison was translated into more than 15 languages. Her books have since been translated into 25 languages. Dubuc conducted a number of workshops in Montreal libraries as part of the Blue Metropolis festival. In 2015, she was invited to give workshops at the Encuentro Internacional de Ilustración in Valladolid, Spain.

Blue Metropolis
Blue Metropolis (also known as Blue Met) is an international literary festival held annually in Montreal. Founded in 1999 by Montreal writer Linda Leith, it is considered the world's first multilingual literary festival.

The festival is put on by Blue Metropolis Foundation, a nonprofit organization established in 1997 that offers educational and social programs.
Avigliano Umbro
Avigliano Umbro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Terni in the Italian region Umbria, located about 50 km south of Perugia and about 20 km northwest of Terni. As of the 2021 census its population was of 2,317.

Province of Terni
The province of Terni (Italian: provincia di Terni) is the smaller of the two provinces in the region of Umbria in Italy, comprising one-third of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Terni. The province came into being in 1927, when it was carved out of the original unitary province of Umbria.

It has an area of 2,127.18 km2 and a population of 215,423 as of 2025. The only towns with a population over 10,000 are Terni, Orvieto, Narni and Amelia.
52nd Golden Horse Awards
The 52nd Golden Horse Awards (Mandarin： 第52屆金馬獎) honored the best Chinese-language films and filmmakers of 2014–15 and took place on 21 November 2015 at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei, Taiwan. The ceremony presented 23 categories of Golden Horse Awards and was televised in Taiwan by TTV. Mickey Huang and Lin Chi-ling were the hosts of the ceremony.

Mickey Huang
Mickey Huang Tzu-chiao (Chinese: 黃子佼; born 30 March 1972), also known as Jiao Jiao, is a Taiwanese host and comedian. He is best known for co-hosting the long-running show Super Sunday (超級星期天) in the late 1990s and early 2000s with Chang Hsiao-yen, Harlem Yu and Pu Hsueh-liang. He became master of ceremonies for Golden Bell Awards in 2006 and 2017, Golden Melody Awards in 2012, 2015–2017, Golden Horse Awards in 2015–2016 and Golden Note Composition Awards every year since its inception in 2010. He also MC'd the KKBOX Digital Music Awards from 2010 to 2017, except in 2012.
The Pirogue
The Pirogue (French: La Pirogue) is a 2012 Senegalese drama film directed by Moussa Touré. The film follows a fisherman, Baya Leye, with a group of Senegalese immigrants sailing to Spain. The film competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
2014 Scotland rugby union tour of the Americas and South Africa
In June 2014, the Scotland rugby union team played single test matches against four countries; Argentina, Canada, South Africa and the United States. The opening three tests, United States, Canada and Argentina, coincided with the June international window, whereas the test against South Africa fell outside the international window. This meant players playing outside Scotland at club level were not permitted to be released by their clubs to represent Scotland against South Africa; Scotland effectively picked two separate squads, one for the USA and Canada games, the other for Argentina and South Africa.

The tour was the start of Vern Cotter's period in charge. Head coach Andy Robinson had resigned in November 2012, and the Scottish Rugby Union had appointed the subsequent interim coach Scott Johnson as Director of Rugby. Scotland lost their match to South Africa but won all three of their Americas tests.

Scottish Rugby Union
The Scottish Rugby Union (SRU; Scottish Gaelic: Aonadh Rugbaidh na h-Alba) is the governing body of rugby union in Scotland. Now marketed as Scottish Rugby, it is the second-oldest Rugby Union, having been founded in 1873. The SRU oversees the national league system, known as the Scottish League Championship, and the Scottish National teams. The SRU is headed by the President (Keith Wallace) and Chairman (John McGuigan), with Mark Dodson acting as the chief executive officer. Dee Bradbury became the first female president of a Tier 1 rugby nation upon her appointment on 4 August 2018.
Basler (fashion)
Basler is a German fashion brand founded in Berlin, Germany in 1936.

Fritz Basler GmbH & Co. KG was founded by Fritz Basler and his wife Elisabeth, with manufacturing in Kreuzberg, which later relocated to Berlin-Charlottenburg shortly before the end of World War II. In 1959, manufacturing moved to Aschaffenburg, Bavaria. In 1994, Luke Basler took over the business, and later expanded production into Erfurt, Thuringia. Online sales accounted for 81% of total sales in 2012.

In November 2017, German fashion company TriStyle Group acquired Basler and confirmed the closure of the brand's stores.

Aschaffenburg
Aschaffenburg (German pronunciation: [aˈʃafn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Hessian: Aschebersch, pronounced [ˈaʒəˌbɛːʃ]) is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg, despite being its administrative seat, is not part of the district of Aschaffenburg.

Aschaffenburg belonged to the Archbishopric of Mainz for more than 800 years. The town is located at the westernmost border of Lower Franconia and separated from the central and eastern part of the Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) by the Spessart hills, whereas it opens towards the Rhine-Main plain in the west and the north-west. Therefore, the inhabitants speak neither Bavarian nor East Franconian but rather a local version of Rhine Franconian.
The Emperor's Fan
"The Emperor's Fan" is a fantasy short story by American writer L. Sprague de Camp, the fourth of his Novarian series. It was first published in Astounding: The John W. Campbell Memorial Anthology, edited by Harry Harrison, in 1973. It has since been reprinted in other anthologies, including The Year's Best Fantasy Stories, edited by Lin Carter (1975), as well as such collections of de Camp's work as The Best of L. Sprague de Camp (1978) and Footprints on Sand (1981). It has also been translated into German.

Lin Carter
Linwood Vrooman Carter (June 9, 1930 – February 7, 1988) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy, as well as an editor and critic. He usually wrote as Lin Carter; known pseudonyms include H. P. Lowcraft (for an H. P. Lovecraft parody) and Grail Undwin. In the 1970s he was editor of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series, which introduced readers to many overlooked classics of the fantasy genre.
2016 Chevrolet Silverado 250
The 2016 Chevrolet Silverado 250 was a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race held at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park in Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada on Sunday September 4, 2016. The race was the 4th event held by the Truck Series at this racetrack. In the end, John Hunter Nemechek would win in an incredible finish over Cole Custer by .034 seconds. The race also became notable for the post-race scuffle between Nemechek and Custer.

Cole Custer
Cole Matthew Custer (born January 23, 1998) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 41 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Haas Factory Team and part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 0 Chevrolet Camaro SS for SS-Green Light Racing with BRK Racing. He is the son of Joe Custer, the team president of HFT. He is the 2023 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion.
Sir Hugh Owen, 5th Baronet
Sir Hugh Owen, 5th Baronet (?1731–1786), of Orielton, Pembrokeshire, Wales was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons  from 1770 to 1786.

Owen was the eldest son of Sir William Owen, 4th Baronet and educated at Newcome's School in Hackney, London. His father appointed him Colonel of the Pembrokeshire Militia when it was embodied in 1759. He succeeded his father as 5th baronet and to Orielton, Pembrokeshire in 1781.

He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Pembrokeshire, 20 March 1770 – 16 January 1786.

He married Anne, the daughter of John Colby of Bletherston, and had one son and heir, Hugh, the 6th Baronet.

Newcome's School
Newcome's School was a boys' school in Hackney, then to the east of London, founded in the early 18th century. A number of prominent Whig families sent their sons there. The school closed in 1815, and the buildings were gutted in 1820. In 1825 the London Orphan Asylum opened on the site. Today the Clapton Girls' Academy is located here.
2015 Coppa Bernocchi
The 2015 Coppa Bernocchi was a one-day cycling semi-classic that took place on 17 September 2015, starting and finishing in Legnano in northern Italy. It was the second leg of the 2015 Trittico Lombardo and the 97th edition of the Coppa Bernocchi. The race was won by Vincenzo Nibali (Astana), who took a solo victory a second ahead of a small group. Mauro Finetto (Southeast Pro Cycling) came second, with Matteo Trentin (riding for the Italian national team) third. Nibali had come second in the Coppa Ugo Agostoni and went on to win the Tre Valli Varesine to win the Trittico Lombardo competition.

Mauro Finetto
Mauro Finetto (born 10 May 1985) is an Italian former professional cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2008 to 2022. He rode for UCI ProTour team Liquigas–Cannondale in 2011. He sat out the 2012 season professionally, riding for KM Bottecchia, and came back to competition in 2013, signing a contract with Vini Fantini–Selle Italia.
Hugill & Blatherwick
Hugill & Blatherwick was an architectural firm based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and active throughout the state of South Dakota. It was founded by architects George C. Hugill and Wilfred F. Blatherwick in 1921. Their successors managed the firm, under other names, until its dissolution in 2009.

Vermillion, South Dakota
Vermillion (Lakota: Waséoyuze; "The Place Where Vermilion is Obtained") is a city in and the county seat of Clay County. It is in the southeastern corner of South Dakota, United States, and is the state's 12th-most populous city. According to the 2020 census, the population was 11,695. The city lies atop a bluff near the Missouri River.

The area has been home to Native American tribes for centuries. French fur traders first visited in the late 18th century. Vermillion was founded in 1859 and incorporated in 1873. The name refers to the Lakota name: wa sa wak pa'la (red stream). Home to the University of South Dakota, Vermillion has a mixed academic and rural character: the university is a major academic institution for the state, with its only law and medical schools and its only AACSB-accredited business school. Major farm products include corn, soybeans, and alfalfa.
Garry Roggenburk
Garry Earl Roggenburk (born April 16, 1940) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. The left-hander was listed as a lanky 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) tall and 195 pounds (88 kg). Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he was a high school teammate of Mike Hegan's at Saint Ignatius High School. The two would later be teammates with the 1969 Seattle Pilots.

Roggenburk attended the University of Dayton, where he played college baseball and starred in basketball, leading Dayton to the 1962 National Invitation Tournament championship. He entered professional baseball in 1962 when he was signed by the Minnesota Twins. He was also selected in the fourth round (34th overall) of the 1962 NBA draft by the San Francisco Warriors.

University of Dayton
The University of Dayton (UD) is a private, Catholic research university in Dayton, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1850 by the Society of Mary, it is one of three Marianist universities in the US and the second-largest private university in Ohio. Its campus is located in southern Dayton and spans 388 acres on both sides of the Great Miami River. The campus is noted for the Immaculate Conception Chapel and the University of Dayton Arena.

As of 2023, the university enrolls approximately 11,300 undergraduate and postgraduate students from a variety of religious, ethnic and geographic backgrounds. It offers more than 80 academic programs in the arts, sciences, business, education, health sciences, engineering, and law. In 2009, UD offered what it believes to be one of the first undergraduate degree programs in human rights. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".
Mirmama
Mirmama is the debut solo studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Eddi Reader, released by RCA in 1992. The album reached No. 34 on the UK Albums Chart. The album did not receive a US release in 1992, but was later remastered and issued on CD there by Compass Records in 1997.

Compass Records
Compass Records is an American independent record label founded in 1995 by musicians Garry West and Alison Brown that specializes in folk, bluegrass, Celtic, jazz, and acoustic music.

In 2006, Compass purchased the Green Linnet and Xenophile catalogs, and in 2008 the label purchased Mulligan Records. Red House Records, an independent folk and Americana record label founded in 1983 in St. Paul, Minnesota, was purchased by the Compass Records Group in 2017.
Gerry McElhinney
Francis Gerard McElhinney (born 19 September 1956) is a former sportsman who played Gaelic football, soccer and was also a boxer.

He played Gaelic football for the Derry county team and won two Ulster Senior Football Championships with the county. He also won an All Star Award for his performances in the 1975 All-Ireland Championship. He played club football for St. Mary's Banagher. As a soccer player, he played professionally for Bolton Wanderers, Rochdale, Plymouth Argyle and Peterborough United, and was capped six times by Northern Ireland.

Derry county football team
The Derry county football team represents Derry GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in the Gaelic sport of football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Derry's home ground is Celtic Park. The team's manager is Ciarán Meenagh.

The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 2023, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1993 and the National League in 2024.

The team is nicknamed the Oak Leafers.
Raffaele Zovenzoni
Raffaele Zovenzoni (1431 – circa 1484) was an Italian humanist and writer.

He was born in Trieste, and received his early education. He then studied law at Padua. He studied under Guarino da Verona, and thereafter taught in Capo d'Istria (now Koper), where he was patronized by the proveditore of Venice, Marcello. He also lived in Trieste (1466–1470). He was prompted by Johannes Hinderbach, Prince-Bishop of Trent, to write an antisemitic hymn about Simon of Trent.

Prince-Bishopric of Trent
The Prince-Bishopric of Trent (Latin: Episcopatus ac Principatus Tridentinus; German: Hochstift Trient, Fürstbistum Trient, Bistum Trient) was an ecclesiastical principality roughly corresponding to the present-day Northern Italian autonomous province of Trentino. It was created in 1027 and existed until 1803, when it was secularised and absorbed into the County of Tyrol held by the House of Habsburg. Trent was a Hochstift, an Imperial State under the authority of a prince-bishop at Trento.
Bastard Out of Carolina (film)
Bastard Out of Carolina is a 1996 American drama film made by Showtime Networks, directed by Anjelica Huston.  It is based on the 1992 novel by Dorothy Allison and adapted for the screen by Anne Meredith. Jena Malone stars in her debut as a poor, physically abused and sexually molested girl.

In 1997, the theatrical and video releases of the film were banned by Canada's Maritime Film Classification Board. The video was eventually granted release upon appeal.

The film won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries or a Special (Linda Lowy) and was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or a Special (Anjelica Huston), Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Special (Glenne Headly), and Outstanding Made for Television Movie (Amanda DiGiulio, Gary Hoffman). It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival.

Showtime Networks
Showtime Networks, Inc. is a subsidiary of American media conglomerate Paramount Skydance Corporation under its networks division that oversees the company's premium cable television channels, including its flagship namesake service. It was founded on September 6, 1983.
Chaudhary Udaybhan Singh
Chaudhary Udaybhan Singh is an Indian politician and a member of 12th and 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Fatehpur Sikri (Assembly constituency) in Agra district of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is known best for his decision. Currently he is serving as Minister of State for Khadi and Villages Industries, Sericulture Industries, Textile, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Export Promotion in Government of Uttar Pradesh.

Government of Uttar Pradesh
The Government of Uttar Pradesh (ISO: Uttara Pradēśa Sarakāra; often abbreviated as GoUP) is the subnational government of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh with the governor as its appointed constitutional head of the state by the President of India. The Governor of Uttar Pradesh is appointed for a period of five years and appoints the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and their council of ministers, who are vested with the executive powers of the state. The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and their council are responsible for day-to-day government functions.

The state of Uttar Pradesh's influence on Indian politics is important, and often paramount and/or a bellwether, as it sends the most members of parliament to both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the state's population being more than 200 million; approximately double that of the next-most populous state.
Sternberg Madonna
The Sternberg Madonna is one of the most important Czech madonnas in a beautiful style and a national cultural monument. Madonna was discovered in 1957 in the filial church in Babice, which was part of the property of the Sternberg family. It belongs to the group of "beautiful madonnas" from the circle of the Master of the Toruń Madonna. It is on display in the permanent exhibition of medieval sculpture in the Archdiocesan Museum Olomouc.

Wenzel Parler
Wenzel Parler (Czech: Václav Parléř, c. 1360—1404) was an architect and sculptor from the Parler family of German-Bohemian master builders and son of Peter Parler. He worked on Gothic churches in the Holy Roman cities of Prague, Nördlingen, and Vienna during the Late Middle Ages.