hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Austroptyctodus
Austroptyctodus gardineri is a small ptyctodontid placoderm fish from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia.  First described by Miles & Young (1977) as a new species of the German genus Ctenurella. Long (1997) redescribed the German material and found major differences in the skull roof pattern so assigned it to a new genus, Austroptyctodus. This genus lacks spinal plates and has Ptyctodus-like toothplates.

The most significant discovery about Austroptyctodus is that one specimen depicts a female pregnant with 3 unborn embryos inside her, showing that like Materpiscis, also from Gogo, this genus was a live bearer that reproduced through internal fertilization.

Internal fertilization
Internal fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm cell during sexual reproduction inside the female body. Internal fertilization, unlike its counterpart, external fertilization, brings more control to the female with reproduction. Most taxa that reproduce by internal fertilization are gonochoric.: 124–125

Male animals inseminate females in order to internally fertilize their egg cells. Most reptiles and certain other vertebrates transfer sperm through a male intromittent organ into the female cloaca during copulation. Mammals ejaculate sperm and seminal fluid through the male penis into the female vagina. Most birds use the "cloacal kiss," pressing cloacas together to transfer sperm. Salamanders, spiders, some insects and some molluscs undertake internal fertilization by transferring a spermatophore, a bundle of sperm, from the male to the female. After fertilization, embryos develop in eggs in oviparous species or inside the mother’s reproductive tract in viviparous ones.
Tetrabromonickelate
The tetrabromonickelate anion contains a doubly-charged nickel atom (Ni2+) surrounded by four bromide ions in a tetrahedral arrangement.  The formula is [NiBr4]2−.

The anion combines with cations to form a series of salts called tetrabromonickelates.
Strongly-coordinating solvents will displace one or more of the bromido ligands from the complex.
Solvents that can dissolve tetrabromonickelate include acetone, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, and nitromethane.

In the visible absorption spectrum there is a strong absorption band termed ν3 near 710 nm which is caused by an electronic transition from 3T1(F) → 3T1(P).  Another strong absorption in the near infrared called ν2 near 770 nm is due to the 3T1(F) → 3A2(F) transition.

Nitromethane
Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3NO2. It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent. As an intermediate in organic synthesis, it is used widely in the manufacture of pesticides, explosives, fibers, and coatings.  Nitromethane is used as a fuel additive in various motorsports and hobbies, e.g.  Top Fuel drag racing and miniature internal combustion engines in radio control, control line and free flight model aircraft.
Pagea
Pagea is a genus of prehistoric eurypterid classified as part of the family Stylonuridae. It contains three species, all from the Devonian (Lochkovian to Pragian); P. plotnicki from Nunavut, Canada and P. sturrocki and P. symondsii from the Old Red Sandstone of the United Kingdom. The genus is named in honor of David Page, an early worker on the fauna of the Old Red Sandstone and describer of the first Stylonurine eurypterid.

Lochkovian
The Lochkovian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 million years ago to 413.02 ± 1.91 million years ago. It marked the beginning of the Devonian Period, and was followed by the Pragian Stage. It is named after the village of Lochkov in the Czech Republic, now part of the city of Prague. The GSSP is located within the Lochkow Formation at the Klonk Section in Prague.

In North America the Lochkovian Stage is represented by Gedinnian or Helderbergian time.
Critchell
Critchell is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Charles Critchell-Bullock (1898–1953), English photographer and polar explorer

Keaton Critchell (born 1997), Australian cricketer

Kyle Critchell (born 1987), British football manager

Keaton Critchell
Keaton Critchell (born 11 January 1997) is an Australian cricketer who plays for Western Australia. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler. He made his List A cricket debut on 14 February 2024 against Tasmania.
Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa
Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa (7 May 1836 – 21 January 1874) was a British operatic soprano who established the Carl Rosa Opera Company together with her husband Carl Rosa. Parepa's aristocratic father died soon after her birth, and her mother turned to the stage to support them. Parepa made her operatic debut in 1855, at age 16, and soon earned enthusiastic reviews in the major London opera houses. In 1867, following the death of her first husband, Parepa married the violinist and conductor Carl Rosa in New York, and they founded an opera company with Parepa as the leading lady. They toured successfully in America for several years. After their return to Britain with ambitious plans for their opera company, Parepa fell ill and died in 1874 at only 37 years of age.

Michael William Balfe
Michael William Balfe (15 May 1808 – 20 October 1870) was an Irish composer, best remembered for his operas, especially The Bohemian Girl.

After a short career as a violinist, Balfe pursued an operatic singing career, while he began to compose. In a career spanning more than 40 years, he composed at least 29 operas, almost 250 songs, several cantatas and other works. He was also a noted conductor, directing Italian Opera at Her Majesty's Theatre for seven years, among other conducting posts.
Julia Sawalha
Julia Sawalha (born 9 September 1968) is an English actress. She is best known for playing Saffron "Saffy" Monsoon in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous (1992–2012) and its 2016 film. Her other television roles include as Lynda Day in Press Gang (1989–1993), as Hannah Greyshott in Second Thoughts (1991–1994) and its sequel series, Faith in the Future (1995–1998), Lydia Bennet in the television miniseries of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice (1995), Georgina and Kid's vocal effects in Sheeep (2000–2001), Carla Borrego in Jonathan Creek (2001–2004) and Dorcas Lane in the BBC's costume drama Lark Rise to Candleford (2008–2011). Her film credits include Buddy's Song (1991), The Wind in the Willows (1996) and Chicken Run (2000).

Bennet family
The Bennet family is a fictional family created by the English novelist Jane Austen in her 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice. The family consists of Mr and Mrs Bennet and their five daughters: Jane, Mary, Catherine, Lydia, and Elizabeth, who is the novel's protagonist.

The family belongs to the landed gentry of Hertfordshire in the Regency era of English history. The relationships between the Bennets influence the evolution of the plot as they navigate the difficulties faced by young women in attempting to secure a good future through marriage.
Hydrografbreen
Hydrografbreen ("The Hydrographer Glacier") is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier has a length about eight kilometers, and extends from the mountain range of Holmesletfjella to Jørgenfjellet.

Oscar II Land
Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.

The area is named after Oscar II of Sweden. Older name variants are Oscar II's Land and Terre Oscar II.

The Hofgaardtoppen mountain is the highest peak in Oscar II Land.
Carlton Baugh Sr.
Carlton Baugh Sr. (born 12 November 1953) is a former West Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket for Jamaica. A right-handed batsman, he played just four first class matches, scoring 125 runs at an average of 17.85.

Baugh is the father of Carlton Baugh Jr., who also plays for the Jamaican cricket team, and who has also made international appearances for the West Indies cricket team.

Jamaica national cricket team
The Jamaica national cricket team is the representative cricket team of Jamaica. The team competes under the franchise name, Jamaica Scorpions in the Cricket West Indies' Professional Cricket League which comprises both the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50.  Jamaica has won a sum of 12 regional first class and 9 regional one day titles. Hence the Scorpions have won the second most first class and 50 over championships in the history of West Indies cricket.

The most prominent Jamaican cricketers include George Headley, Allan Rae, Alf Valentine, Collie Smith, Lawrence Rowe, Michael Holding, Jeff Dujon, Courtney Walsh, Patrick Patterson, Jimmy Adams, Chris Gayle, Marlon Samuels, Jerome Taylor, Nikita Miller and Gareth Breese.
Mythmaker
Mythmaker is the tenth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on January 30, 2007, by Synthetic Symphony. Lead vocalist Nivek Ogre said the band took a simplified approach, but that it was a difficult record to make. It charted on a number of billboard charts, and received mostly positive reviews, with critics focusing on whether it was stylistically similar to previous albums.

Tracks from the album were featured in the Saw V soundtrack and Jackass video game. The band supported the album with the Mythrus Tour later the same year it was released.

Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a subgenre of post-industrial music that emerged in the early 1980s. It was originally pioneered by acts such as Front 242, Cabaret Voltaire, Front Line Assembly, Klinik, Numb, as well as groups from Canada, United States and the Benelux.

Other influential acts included Canadian band Skinny Puppy, who signed to label Nettwerk, which served as a central hub that helped proliferate the style. By the early 1990s, electro-industrial spawned the dark electro genre, and later the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.
Dolos
A dolos (plural: dolosse: 10 ) is a wave-dissipating concrete block used in great numbers as a form of coastal management. It is a type of tetrapod. Weighing up to 8 tonnes (8.8 short tons), dolosse are used to build revetments for protection against the erosive force of waves from a body of water. The dolos was invented in 1963, and was first deployed in 1964 on the breakwater of East London, a South African port city.

East London, South Africa
East London (Xhosa: eMonti; Afrikaans: Oos-Londen), officially KuGompo City since February 2026, is a city on the southeastern coast of South Africa, in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The city lies on the Indian Ocean coast, largely between the Buffalo River and the Nahoon River, and hosts the country's only river port. As of 2011, East London had a population of over 267,000 with over 755,000 in the surrounding metropolitan area.
Caribbean Netherlands
The Caribbean Netherlands (Dutch: Caribisch Nederland, pronounced [kaˈribis ˈneːdərlɑnt] ⓘ) is a geographic region of the Netherlands located outside of Europe, in the Caribbean, consisting of three special municipalities. These are the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba, as they are also known in legislation, or the BES islands for short. The islands are officially classified as public bodies in the Netherlands and as overseas territories of the European Union; as such, European Union law does not automatically apply to them.

Bonaire (including the islet of Klein Bonaire) is one of the Leeward Antilles and is located close to the coast of Venezuela. Sint Eustatius and Saba are in the main Lesser Antilles group and are located south of Sint Maarten and northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The Caribbean Netherlands, a term distinct from the comprehensive Dutch Caribbean, has a population of 31,980.

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
Errol Barrow Day
Errol Barrow Day is a Barbadian public holiday celebrated on 21 January, to commemorate Errol Barrow, the former Prime Minister of Barbados, who helped lead his country to independence from the United Kingdom. The date is the second public holiday of the calendar year and is the date of birth for the former leader.

Errol Barrow died suddenly in 1987, and in 1989 his birthday was declared as the first public holiday to honor him.  On that date, his portrait was placed on the new Barbadian  dollar note and the middle section of the Airport-West Coast Highway was officially named after him.  Subsequently, he was further declared as one of Barbados' original National Heroes in 1998.

Errol Barrow
Errol Walton Barrow PC QC (21 January 1920 – 1 June 1987) was a Barbadian statesman and the first prime minister of Barbados. Born into a family of political and civic activists in the parish of Saint Lucy, he became a WWII aviator, combat veteran, lawyer, politician, gourmet cook and author. He is often referred to as the "Father of Independence" in Barbados.
Krishna Babu
Krishna Babu is a 1999 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced by Chanti Addala under the Srinivasa Productions banner and directed by Muthyala Subbaiah. It stars Nandamuri Balakrishna, Abbas, Meena, Raasi  and music composed by Koti. It was the 75th film of Balakrishna as an actor.

Raasi (actress)
Raasi (born Vijaya) is an Indian actress known for her work in Telugu and Tamil cinema, with appearances in a few Kannada and Malayalam films. She is credited as Manthra in Tamil and Malayalam films. Raasi gained recognition for her performances in notable films such as Subhakankshalu (1997), Gokulamlo Seeta (1997), and Pelli Pandiri (1998). She transitioned to television with Telugu soap operas, debuting in Girija Kalyanam (2020) and later appearing in Janaki Kalaganaledu (2021).
Inuit cuisine
Historically, Inuit cuisine, which is taken here to include the Greenlandic, the Yupʼik and Aleut cuisines, consisted of a diet of animal source foods that were fished, hunted, and gathered locally.

After hunting, they often honour the animals' spirit by singing songs and performing rituals. Although traditional or country foods still play an important role in the identity of Inuit, much food is purchased from the store, which has led to health problems and food insecurity. According to Edmund Searles in his article Food and the Making of Modern Inuit Identities, they consume this type of diet because a mostly meat diet is "effective in keeping the body warm, making the body strong, keeping the body fit, and even making that body healthy".

Raw meat
Raw meat generally refers to any type of uncooked muscle tissue of an animal used for food. In the meat production industry, the term "meat" refers specifically to mammalian flesh, while the words "poultry" and "seafood" are used to differentiate between the tissue of birds and aquatic creatures.
Reticulohistiocytoma
Reticulohistiocytoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a solitary, firm, dermal skin lesion of less than 1 cm in diameter.: 718  It usually occurs in young adults or middle aged people, most commonly in females. Affected regions include the head and neck region and the upper part of the trunk. It may coexist with certain neoplasms or vasculitis, and in 30 percent of patients with xanthelasma.

Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis.  The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix. It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands), apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels, nerves and blood vessels are present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells.
Fred van Zutphen
Fred van Zutphen (born 7 January 1971 in Veghel), is a Dutch retired compound archer. Amongst his achievements are competing at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the recurve discipline, where he reached the last 16, winning stages in the team competition at the FITA Archery World Cup in 2006 and 2009, winning silver medals at the European Archery Championships and becoming the world number one ranked archer in 2003.

European Archery Championships
The European Archery Championships is a series of outdoor, indoor, field, 3D and other archery championship in Europe. They are organised by World Archery Europe, the organisation of the European continent which is part of World Archery.
Fangavaktin
Fangavaktin (English: The Prison Shift) is the sequel to the Icelandic television series Dagvaktin and the final series in the trilogy. The three main characters from Næturvaktin, Georg Bjarnfreðarson (Jón Gnarr), Ólafur Ragnar (Pétur Jóhann Sigfússon) and Daníel (Jörundur Ragnarsson), have become imprisoned in the infamous Litla-Hraun prison following the murder of the hotel owner in Dagvaktin. The story is continued, and brought to a conclusion, in the feature film Bjarnfreðarson.

The first episode was broadcast on Stöð 2 on Sunday, 27 September 2009, and an episode was broadcast each following Sunday until the final seventh episode aired on 8 November 2009. The series has been released on DVD.

Litla-Hraun
63°51′37″N 21°07′37″W﻿ / ﻿63.8601666°N 21.1270096°W﻿ / 63.8601666; -21.1270096

Litla-Hraun (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlɪhtla-ˌr̥œyːn], "Little Lava") is the largest prison in Iceland. Located just outside Eyrarbakki, it consists of nine buildings inside a high-security fence.

Litla-Hraun was founded on March 8, 1929, as a single building. Inside the fence is a football field as well as some basketball facilities. Work programs include the making of license plates and car washing. Inmates get paid for their work according to a fixed rate set by the Prison and probation administration of Iceland.
Hypersonic flight
Hypersonic flight refers to the motion of aircraft, missiles, or spacecraft through the atmosphere below the von Karman line at speeds greater than Mach 5, above which thermochemical effects and aerodynamic heat loads become significant.

Thermal stress
In mechanics and thermodynamics, thermal stress is mechanical stress created by any change in temperature of a material. These stresses can lead to fracturing or plastic deformation depending on the other variables of heating, which include material types and constraints. Temperature gradients, thermal expansion or contraction and thermal shocks are things that can lead to thermal stress. This type of stress is highly dependent on the thermal expansion coefficient which varies from material to material. In general, the greater the temperature change, the higher the level of stress that can occur. Thermal shock can result from a rapid change in temperature, resulting in cracking or shattering.
Anton van Dale
Anton van Dale (Anthonie, Antonius) (8 November 1638, in Haarlem – 28 November 1708) was a Dutch Mennonite preacher, physician and writer on religious subjects, described by the contemporary theologian Jean Le Clerc as an enemy of superstition. He was a critic of witch-hunting.

His De oraculis veterum ethnicorum dissertationes (1683) was an influential work on oracles, which he argued against the supernatural and the role of the Devil in the pagan oracular tradition. In this he was followed two decades later by Fontenelle, who wrote his Histoire des oracles as an adaptation and popularized version of van Dale's work.

Superstition
A superstition is any belief or practice considered by non-practitioners to be irrational or supernatural. It is commonly applied to beliefs and practices surrounding luck, fate, magic, amulets, astrology, fortune telling, spirits, and certain paranormal entities, particularly the belief that future events can be foretold by specific unrelated prior events.

The word superstition is also used to refer to a religion not practiced by the majority of a given society regardless of whether the prevailing religion contains alleged superstitions or to all religions by the antireligious.
Puente Hills Fault
The Puente Hills Fault (also known as the Puente Hills Thrust Fault System) is an active geological fault that is located in the Los Angeles Basin in California. The thrust fault was discovered in 1999 and runs about 40 km (25 mi) in three discrete sections from the Puente Hills region in the southeast to just south of Griffith Park in the northwest. The fault is known as a blind thrust fault, as the fault plane does not extend to the surface. Large earthquakes on the fault are relatively infrequent but computer modeling has indicated that a major event could have substantial impact in the Los Angeles area. The fault is now thought to be responsible for one moderate earthquake in 1987 (the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake) and another light event that took place in 2010, with the former causing considerable damage and deaths.

Griffith Park
Griffith Park is a large municipal park at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, ranging from the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California to the San Fernando Valley. The park includes popular attractions such as the Los Angeles Zoo, the Autry Museum of the American West, the Griffith Observatory, and the Hollywood Sign. Due to its appearance in many films, the park is among the most famous municipal parks in North America.

It has been compared to Central Park in New York City and Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, but it is much larger, less tamed, and more rugged than either of those parks. The Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Commission adopted the characterization of the park as an "urban wilderness" on January 8, 2014. The park covers 4,310 acres (1,740 ha) of land, making it "the largest municipal park with urban wilderness area in the United States."
Asgeir Dølplads
Asgeir Dølplads (26 August 1932 – 26 September 2023) was a Norwegian ski jumper.

On 1 January 1953, he became the first ever winner of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen New Year's ski jump competition, an integral part of the Four Hills Tournament. With jumps of 78.5 and 81 metres, Dølplads won ahead of Austrian Sepp Bradl and German Toni Brutscher. In the ensuing competitions in Oberstdorf, Innsbruck and Bischofshofen, Dølplads was ranked 3, 2, and 7, landing him an overall 3rd prize, after Bradl and fellow Norwegian Halvor Næs.

Dølplads represented Rena IL and Stabæk IF during his career.

Dølplads was actively involved in recruitment to ski jumping at and around Rena, where Rena IL operates one of Norway's leading K120 ski jumping hills.

Dølplads was the father-in-law of popular Norwegian comedian Atle Antonsen.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.