hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teresa Cremisi
Teresa Cremisi (born October 7, 1945) is an Egyptian-born Italian publisher and writer. She was born in Alexandria, where she attended the French Catholic boarding school Notre-Dame de Sion d'Alexandrie. She left Egypt with her family after the Suez Crisis of 1956. The family settled in Milan, and Teresa took a degree in foreign languages and literature at Bocconi University.

She worked for many years with the French publisher Antoine Gallimard, before joining the Flammarion group as its chief executive in 2005. She ran Flammarion for a decade before stepping down in 2015. Since then she has won distinction as a writer. Her debut novel The Triumphant won the Prix Mediterranee in 2016.

In 2021 she was appointed president of Adelphi Edizioni.

Bocconi University
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Bocconi University or Università Bocconi (formally known in Italian as Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi [universiˈta kommerˈtʃaːle luˈiːdʒi bokˈkoːni] – or simply Bocconi) is a non-profit private university located in Milan, Italy.

The university offers courses in social sciences, with programs in economics, management, finance, law, political science, data and computer science, and an increasing focus on artificial intelligence.

Bocconi is a founding member of CEMS – The Global Alliance in Management Education. Through its graduate business school, the SDA Bocconi School of Management, the university holds triple accreditation from AACSB, EQUIS, and AMBA. SDA Bocconi offers MBA, Executive MBA, DBA, executive education, professional development, and certification programs.
Norman Lamont (MP for Wells)
Norman Lamont (1780 – 27 April 1834) was a Scottish politician and Army officer.

Born at Monidrain, in Argyllshire, Norman was the second son of Lord John Lamont.  He became a Major in the 91st (Argyllshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot, serving in the Battle of Waterloo.  At the 1832 UK general election, he stood for the Whigs in Wells, winning the seat.  In Parliament, he argued for the immediate abolition of slavery.  He resigned in April 1834, by taking the Chiltern Hundreds, and died later in the month.

Wells (UK Parliament constituency)
Wells was a constituency in Somerset in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Apart from between 2010–2015, Wells was represented by members of the Conservative Party since 1924.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished, with most of it being transferred to the new constituency of Wells and Mendip Hills, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.
Rencontres Trans Musicales
Les Rencontres Trans Musicales (generally referred to as Les Transmusicales de Rennes) is an annual music festival in Rennes, Brittany, France.  It lasts for 3 or 4 days in December.

The festival in 2013 featured over 80 groups and artists from over 26 nationalities, and attracted over 62,000 people.

Stromae
Paul Van Haver (Dutch: [ˈpʌul vɑn ˈɦaːvər]; born 12 March 1985), better known by his stage name Stromae (French: [stʁɔmaj]), is a Belgian singer, rapper, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for his music, which is a blend of hip-hop and electronic music styles. Stromae came to wide public attention in 2009 with his song "Alors on danse" (from the album Cheese), which became a number one in several European countries. In 2013, his second album Racine carrée was a commercial success, selling two million copies in France and yielding chart-topping singles "Papaoutai" and "Formidable".
Shandong Molong Petroleum Machinery
Shandong Molong Petroleum Machinery Company Limited or Shandong Molong, is a private petroleum machinery manufacturer in Shouguang, Shandong, China. It offers oil well pump, sucker rods, oil well pipes and other oil drilling and oil extraction machinery products. Petrochina and Sinopec are its major customers.

Shouguang
Shouguang (simplified Chinese: 寿光; traditional Chinese: 壽光; pinyin: Shòuguāng) is a county-level city in the north-central part of Shandong Province, China, situated on the southwest shore of Laizhou Bay. Under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Weifang, it has 1,139,454 people residing within the municipality and its surrounding towns and villages as of the 2010 Census, even though the built-up (or metro) area is much smaller.

It is also known as the 'home of vegetables' in China, owing to its large agricultural output.
Naked Ambition: An R Rated Look at an X Rated Industry
Naked Ambition: An R Rated Look at an X Rated Industry is a 2009 American documentary film written by Charles Holland and directed by Michael Grecco based upon the Grecco's third portrait photography book by the same name.

In both the documentary and his book, Grecco sets out to capture the energy and spirit of the AVN Awards and convention where American pornography is displayed, celebrated, and honored.

Portrait photography
Portrait photography, or portraiture, is a type of photography aimed toward capturing the personality of a person or group of people by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses. A portrait photograph may be artistic or clinical. Frequently, portraits are commissioned for special occasions, such as weddings, school events, or commercial purposes. Portraits can serve many purposes, ranging from usage on a personal web site to display in the lobby of a business.
Cleveland (given name)
Cleveland is a masculine given name borne by:

Cleveland Abbe (1838–1916), American meteorologist and advocate of time zones

Cleveland Abbott (1894–1955), African-American football player, college football and basketball head coach and educator

Cleveland Amory (1917–1998), American animal rights activist and author

Cleveland Bailey (born 1918), Jamaican cricketer

Cleveland M. Bailey (1886–1965), American politician

Cleveland Colbert (1906–1962), African-American politician and activist

Cleveland Eaton (1939–2020), American jazz double bassist, producer, arranger, composer and publisher

Cleveland Gary (born 1966), American former National Football League running back

Cleveland Watkiss (born 1959), British singer, actor and composer

Cleveland Williams (1933–1999), American boxer

Cleveland Eaton
Cleveland Josephus Eaton II (August 31, 1939 – July 5, 2020) was an American jazz double bassist, producer, arranger, composer, publisher, and head of his own record company in Fairfield, Alabama, a suburb of Birmingham. His most famous accomplishments were playing with the Ramsey Lewis Trio and the Count Basie Orchestra. His 1975 recording Plenty Good Eaton is considered a classic in the funk music genre. He was inducted into both the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame and the Alabama Music Hall of Fame.

During the early 1960s Eaton taught music at Chicago Public Schools. He was the music teacher at George Washington Carver Upper Grade (7th - 8th grade).
John Norment
John Murray Norment (1911–1988) was an American illustrator, gag cartoonist, magazine editor, artist, and photographer.

Born in Lebanon, Tennessee, Norment attended the Art Institute of Chicago and the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts in 1933–34, and he exhibited in the Chicago No-Jury Society of Artists annual shows in 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939 and 1940. At the Iannelli Studio in 1935–36, he did textile designs for Montgomery Ward and posters for Carson Pirie. In 1935, he was employed as an assistant to the art director of Esquire, continuing with cartoons and ideas for Esquire from 1938 to 1942.

During World War II, Norment was a combat correspondent-photographer with the US Coast Guard in the North Atlantic, the Pacific and the China Sea. Returning to civilian life, he worked during the post-World War II years as a photographer for the Wittrup Studio in New York and Chicago's Sundblom Studio, where he photographed the Haddon Sundblom Santa Claus paintings for Coca-Cola.

Lebanon, Tennessee
Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ən-ən) is a city in and the county seat of Wilson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 38,431 at the 2020 census and has an estimated population of 51,501 as of 2024. Lebanon is located in Middle Tennessee, approximately 25 miles (40 km) east of downtown Nashville. Lebanon is part of the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Helen R. Rathbun
Helen Rhind Rathbun Bissell (July 1, 1870 – November 9, 1944) was a St. Louis artist, one of the strongest landscape painters. Her work, considered almost masculine in its strength, possessed much of that swing and vigor which put the work of Cecilia Beaux and Mary Cassatt in the first rank of American painters.

Mary Cassatt
Mary Stevenson Cassatt (/kəˈsæt/; May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. She was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh's North Side), but lived much of her adult life in France, where she befriended Edgar Degas and exhibited with the Impressionists. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children.

She was described by Gustave Geffroy as one of "les trois grandes dames" (the three great ladies) of Impressionism alongside Marie Bracquemond and Berthe Morisot. In 1879,  Diego Martelli compared her to Degas, as they both sought to depict movement, light, and design in the most modern sense. She also played an important role in introducing Impressionism to American collectors, notably through her friendship with the Havemeyer family.
Tijara Jain temple
Tijara Jain Temple is a digambar Jain temple dedicated to Chandraprabhu. The temple is located in the hill city Tijara, in the Khairthal-Tijara district of Rajasthan, India. It is an Atishaya Kshetra (English: Place where Miracles happen). It is 55 kilometres (34 mi) from Alwar and 110 kilometres (68 mi) from Delhi. The location is a tirtha (pilgrimage site) for the Jains.

Tirtha (Jainism)
In Jainism, a tīrtha (Sanskrit: तीर्थ "ford, a shallow part of a body of water that may be easily crossed") is a passage across samsara first  blazed by a Tirthankara. The word is used to refer to Jain pilgrimage sites, and to the four sections of the sangha. A tirtha provides the inspiration to enable one to cross over from worldly engagement to the side of moksha.

Jain tirthas are located throughout India. Often a tirtha has a number of temples as well as residences (dharmashala) for the pilgrims and wandering monks and scholars.
ISF International School Frankfurt Rhein-Main
The ISF International School Frankfurt Rhein-Main is a private school in Sindlingen, a borough of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Accredited by the Council of International Schools, the school offers IGCSE, International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and AP examinations.

The International School of Frankfurt Rhein-Main was founded in 1995 as a public-private partnership in schools within Germany by the Frankfurt Chamber of Commerce, the State of Hesse, the Frankfurt Economic Development GmbH and with financial support of international companies in the region. The school opened in September 1995 with 65 students enrolled in Kindergarten throughout Grade 8. 10 years later it had an enrollment of around 900 students from 49 nations from preschool up through grade 12.

Council of International Schools
The Council of International Schools (CIS) is a membership organization aimed at international education.

CIS was formed in 2003. It has over 1,500 institutional members consisting of over 800 schools and 600 colleges/universities, located in 121 countries. Many international schools in countries around the world are paying members. The services of CIS include international educational accreditation.

The CIS headquarters are in Leiden, The Netherlands. CIS's legal name is Council of International Schools, Inc. and it is a "not-for-profit" company registered in the state of Delaware in the United States.

To be CIS Accredited, a school pays the membership fee and then an accreditation "registration fee" of €2,140. Once CIS Accredited, the school then pays €4,350 annually. Evaluation of the school takes place every five years. Accredited schools complete a peer-evaluation process.

The annual membership fee is based on the number of students the school has enrolled.
Waynea hirsuta
Waynea hirsuta is a species of squamulose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. This sorediate lichen was described from specimens collected in the Tunkinsky District in the Lake Baikal region of central Siberia. The type material of W. hirsuta was collected on the bark of old Populus balsamifera trees growing within a closed stand of Pinus sibirica.

The lichen forms small, scale-like thalli whose squamules are densely clothed in colourless hairs—a feature that gives the species its name. The soralia are labriform (lip-like), and the ascospores are (0–)1(–3)-septate. In standard chemical spot tests the epithecium, excipulum, and upper cortex give positive reactions with K and with N. Waynea giraltiae also has hairy squamules, but its ascospores are 1-septate and somewhat shorter (10–15 x 2–2.4 μm) compared to W. hirsuta.

Squamulose lichen
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do.
 Squamulose lichens are composed of flattish units that are usually tightly clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose and foliose lichens.

Examples of squamulose lichens include Vahliella leucophaea, Cladonia subcervicornis and Lichenomphalia hudsoniana.
Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.

Optical medium
In optics, an optical medium is material through which light and other electromagnetic waves propagate.  It is a form of transmission medium.  The permittivity and permeability of the medium define how electromagnetic waves propagate in it.
Prosodia Rationalis
Prosodia Rationalis is the short title of the 1779 expanded second edition of Joshua Steele's An Essay Towards Establishing the Melody and Measure of Speech, to be Expressed and Perpetuated by Peculiar Symbols, originally published in 1775. In this work Steele proposes a notation for linguistic prosody. The notation is inspired by that used in music. The treatise is notable as one of the earliest works in the subject and its insight that in speech, unlike in most music, pitches slide rather than exhibit distinct tones held for lengths of time.

Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody (/ˈprɒsədi, ˈprɒz-/) is the study of elements of speech, including intonation, stress, rhythm and loudness, that occur simultaneously with individual phonetic segments: vowels and consonants. Often, prosody specifically refers to such elements, known as suprasegmentals when they extend across more than one phonetic segment.

Prosody reflects the nuanced emotional features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the presence of irony or sarcasm, certain emphasis on words or morphemes, contrast,  focus, and so on. Prosody displays elements of language that are not encoded by grammar, punctuation or choice of vocabulary.
Karaağaçlı railway station
Karaağaçlı station is a station in Karaağaçlı, Turkey. TCDD Taşımacılık operates one daily train from İzmir, that stop at the station: the Aegean Express to Eskişehir.

The station was opened in 1890, by the Smyrna Cassaba Railway.

Eskişehir
Eskişehir (US: /ˌɛskɪʃəˈhɪər/ ES-kish-ə-HEER, Turkish: [esˈkiʃehiɾ]; from eski 'old' and şehir 'city') is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. The urban population of the city is 821 315 (Odunpazarı + Tepebaşı), with a metropolitan population of 921 630.

The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby hills one can find hot springs. The city is 233 km (145 mi) to the west of Ankara, 330 km (205 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul and 78 km (48 mi) to the northeast of Kütahya. It is located in the vicinity of the ancient city of Dorylaeum.

Known as a university town, it houses Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, and Anadolu University. The province covers an area of 2,678 km2 (1,034 sq mi).
William Caldwell (Illinois politician)
William Caldwell was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

He served as a state representative representing Sangamon County in the 13th Illinois General Assembly.

Sangamon County, Illinois
Sangamon County is a county located near the center of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 196,343. Its county seat and largest city is Springfield, the state capital.

Sangamon County is included in the Springfield, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Anil Chaudhary (umpire)
Anil Chaudhary (born 12 March 1965) is an Indian cricket umpire. He stood in his first Twenty20 International (T20I) on 10 October 2013, in a match between India and Australia. His first One Day International (ODI) as an umpire, between India and the West Indies, was played on 27 November 2013. He was one of the 17 on-field umpires for the 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. In January 2020, he was named as one of the sixteen umpires for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup tournament in South Africa.

In January 2021, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as one of the on-field umpires for the first Test match between India and England. On 5 February 2021, he stood in his first Test as an onfield umpire, between India and England.

On 27 September 2023, he officiated an ODI between India and Australia, the last match he stood as an umpire. Later, he was replaced by Rohan Pandit in the International Panel of ICC Umpires for the 2023–24 season.

International Panel of ICC Umpires
The International Panel of ICC Umpires was established by the ICC in 1994 following trial in 1992/3, to ensure that one neutral umpire would stand in every Test match. It is made up of officials nominated from each of the twelve Test playing cricket boards. From 2002, its role in Tests was largely supplanted by the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires.

Umpires from the International Panel are employed to officiate home One Day international matches, but may also be called upon to aid the Elite Panel in Test matches and overseas ODIs during busy cricketing calendar years.
2023 Barranquilla Open – Doubles
Tímea Babos and Kateryna Volodko were the reigning champions from 2022, when the tournament was an ITF event, but did not participate this year.

Valentini Grammatikopoulou and Despina Papamichail won the title, defeating Yuliana Lizarazo and María Paulina Pérez García in the final, 7–6(7–2), 7–5.

Yuliana Lizarazo
Carol Yuliana Lizarazo Antolinez (born 23 May 1993) is a Colombian professional tennis player.

On 5 January 2015, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of No. 335 whilst her best doubles ranking was No. 104 on 15 January 2024. She has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour with eleven singles titles and nineteen doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Lizarazo reached her first WTA Tour final at the 2023 Monterrey Open, partnering compatriot María Paulina Pérez. They won their maiden title defeating Kimberly Birrell and Fernanda Contreras Gómez. As a result, Lizarazo moved up 75 positions in the doubles rankings into the top 125.

Partnering Freya Christie, she was runner-up in the doubles at the
2023 Ljubljana Open and 2023 Montevideo Open.

Playing for Colombia Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 22–15 (as of August 2024).
Kiisa
Kiisa is a small town (Estonian: alevik) in Saku Parish, Harju County, Estonia. As of the 2011 census, the settlement had a population of 713.

It has a railway station on the Tallinn - Viljandi railway line operated by Elron (rail transit).

Kiisa is the location of a currently under construction Kiisa Emergency Reserve Power Plant.

Harju County
Harju County (Estonian: Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla County to the south, and Lääne County to the southwest. The capital and largest city of Estonia, Tallinn, is located in Harju County. Harju is the largest county in Estonia in terms of population, as almost half (45%) of Estonia's population lives in Harju County.
Factory (object-oriented programming)
In object-oriented programming, a factory is an object for creating other objects; formally, it is a function or method that returns objects of a varying prototype or class from some method call, which is assumed to be new. More broadly, a subroutine that returns a new object may be referred to as a factory, as in factory method or factory function. The factory pattern is the basis for a number of related software design patterns.

Test-driven development
Test-driven development (TDD) is a way of writing code that involves writing an automated unit-level test case that fails, then writing just enough code to make the test pass, then refactoring both the test code and the production code, then repeating with another new test case.

Alternative approaches to writing automated tests is to write all of the production code before starting on the test code or to write all of the test code before starting on the production code. With TDD, both are written together, therefore shortening debugging time necessities.

TDD is related to the test-first programming concepts of extreme programming, begun in 1999, but more recently has created more general interest in its own right.

Programmers also apply the concept to improving and debugging legacy code developed with older techniques.
Robert Jousie
Robert Jousie (or Joussie or Jowsie or Jossie; died 1626) was a Scottish textile merchant, financier, and courtier. He was involved in the collection and administration of the English subsidy of James VI. Jousie supplied fabrics used at the baptism of Prince Henry (1594), and for the clothes of Prince Henry and Princess Elizabeth.

Merk (coin)
The merk (Scottish Gaelic: marg) is a long-obsolete Scottish silver coin. Originally the same word as a money mark of silver, the merk was in circulation at the end of the 16th century and in the 17th century. It was originally valued at 13 shillings 4 pence (exactly 2⁄3 of a pound Scots, or about one shilling sterling), later raised to 14s. Scots.