hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Santiago Sanders Peirce
Charles Santiago Sanders Peirce was the adopted name of Charles Sanders Peirce (September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914), an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist. Peirce's name appeared in print as "Charles Santiago Peirce" as early as 1890. Starting in 1906 he used "Santiago" in many of his own articles. There is no well-documented explanation of why Peirce adopted the middle name "Santiago" (Spanish for Saint James) but speculations and beliefs of contemporaries and scholars focused on his gratitude to his old friend William James and more recently on Peirce's second wife Juliette (of unknown but possibly Spanish Gypsy heritage).

The Monist
The Monist: An International Quarterly Journal of General Philosophical Inquiry is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of philosophy. It was established in October 1890 by American publisher Edward C. Hegeler.
Deborah McCawley
Deborah J. McCawley KC is a judge of the Court of King's Bench of Manitoba. She was appointed the position on September 17, 1997 when she replaced Gerald O. Jewers, who had chosen to become a supernumerary judge.

Prior to her appointment to the bench, McCawley had been the chief executive officer of the Law Society of Manitoba since 1988. She graduated in law from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1975, and was called to the Manitoba Bar in 1976. She practised civil litigation and family law in Winnipeg until 1980, when she became deputy chief executive officer of the Law Society of Manitoba. From 1985 to 1988, she was a sessional lecturer at the Faculty of Law at the University of Manitoba, on the topic of ethics and professional responsibility. She has also served as president of Lawyers' Excess Liability Insurance (Manitoba) Ltd., and was a member of the Canadian Lawyers Insurance Association Advisory Board and its Claims Administration Committee.

McCawley is married to Otto Lang.

Court of King's Bench of Manitoba
The Court of King's Bench of Manitoba (French: Cour du Banc du Roi du Manitoba)—or the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba, depending on the monarch—is the superior court of the Canadian province of Manitoba.

The court is divided into two divisions. The Family Division deals with family law cases including divorces, guardianships, adoptions and child welfare. The General Division deals with civil and criminal matters, including civil trials, probate law, indictable offences and applications for the review of decisions from certain administrative tribunals.

The current Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench as of 2021 is Judge Glenn Joyal, who was appointed on 3 February 2011.
Kim Astrup
Kim Astrup Sørensen (born 6 March 1992) is a Danish badminton player. He was the men's doubles gold medalists at the 2018 European Championships and the 2023 European Games with his partner Anders Skaarup Rasmussen. He also won the bronze medal at the World Championships in 2021 and later a silver medal in 2023. Astrup joined the Denmark winning team at the 2016 Thomas Cup in Kunshan, China, where he and his teammates beating Indonesia 3–2 in the final. Together with Rasmussen, he reached a career high of World number 1 in December 2024.

As junior player, Astrup won the bronze medal at the 2010 World Junior Championships in the boys' doubles. He later won a gold in the mixed doubles and bronze medals in the boys' doubles and team events at the 2011 European Junior Championships.

Denmark Challenge
The Denmark Challenge is an international badminton tournament held in Denmark. This tournament has been an International Challenge level. Another tournament for higher level in the country is Denmark Open.
Izayana Marenco
Izayana Adelina Marenco Vivas (born 9 October 1992) is a Nicaraguan international level judoka.

In 2021, she competed in the women's +78 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

She participated in the 2019 Pan American Judo Championships, and 2021 Pan American Judo Championships.

Pan American Judo Championships
The Pan American Judo Championships are continental judo Championships organized by the Pan American Judo Confederation since 2009. Previous championships were organized by the Panamerican Judo Union. From 2022 to 2025 they were renamed to Pan American-Oceania Judo Championships.
Kansas City and Cameron Railroad
The Kansas City and Cameron Railroad was a subsidiary railroad. The railroad was the subsidiary of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad which built the first bridge across the Missouri River at the Hannibal Bridge.

The bridge established Kansas City, Missouri rather than Leavenworth, Kansas or St. Joseph, Missouri as the dominant city in the region.

The Hannibal and St. Joseph was the first railroad to cross the state of Missouri and it carried mail for the Pony Express.  However, when it was time to build a bridge across the river, Robert T. Van Horn, Kersey Coates and Charles E. Kearney put together a package to persuade the railroad to create a cutoff 50 miles east of St. Joseph at Cameron, Missouri to go to Kansas City to hook up with lines going on to Texas.   Kearney was the subsidiary's first president.

Hannibal Bridge
The First Hannibal Bridge was the first permanent rail crossing of the Missouri River opening on July 3, 1869. It helped establish the City of Kansas (renamed Kansas City, Missouri, in 1889) as a major city and rail center. In its early days, it was called the Kansas City Bridge. It increased area train traffic, which contributed to the building of Union Depot, the predecessor to the Kansas City Union Station. It was severely damaged by a tornado and replaced in virtually the same location by the Second Hannibal Bridge.
Östergötland Runic Inscription 77
Östergötland Runic Inscription 77 or Ög 77 is the Rundata catalog designation for a Viking Age memorial runestone located at Hovgården (Hov Synod), which is seven kilometers north of Väderstad, Östergötland County, Sweden, and in the historic province of Östergötland.

Memorial
A memorial is an object or place which serves as a focus for the memory or the commemoration of something, usually an influential, deceased person or a historical, tragic event. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objects such as homes or other sites, or works of art such as sculptures, statues, fountains or parks. Larger memorials may be known as monuments.
Iwaki-Taira Velodrome
Iwaki-Taira Velodrome (いわき平競輪場, Iwakitaira Keirinjyō) is a velodrome located in Iwaki, Fukushima that conducts pari-mutuel Keirin racing - one of Japan's four authorized "Public Sports" (公営競技, kōei kyōgi) where gambling is permitted. Its Keirin identification number for betting purposes is 13# (13 sharp).

Iwaki-Taira's oval is 400 meters in circumference. A typical keirin race of 2,025 meters consists of five laps around the course.

Velodrome
A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve.
William Nelson Camp Jr. House
William Nelson Camp Jr. House is a historic home site located at Fairview, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The complex consists of Rustic-style buildings constructed with native materials built about 1926. The main house is a 1+1⁄2-story, six-bay, L-plan dwelling of log and frame construction.  Related contributing buildings and structures include the carriage house, caretaker's cottage, two spring houses, and a barn. The William Nelson Camp Jr. house is the current location of Laurel Falls Weddings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Spring house
A spring house, or springhouse, is a small building, usually of a single room, constructed over a spring.  While the original purpose of a springhouse was to keep the spring water clean by excluding fallen leaves, animals, etc., the enclosing structure was also used for refrigeration before the advent of ice delivery and, later, electric refrigeration.  The water of the spring maintains a constant cool temperature inside the spring house throughout the year.  Food that would otherwise spoil, such as meat, fruit, or dairy products, could be kept there, safe from animal depredations as well. Springhouses thus often also served as pumphouses, milkhouses and root cellars.

The Tomahawk Spring spring house at Tomahawk, West Virginia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Masaru Yamada
Masaru Yamada (山田優, Yamada Masaru, born 14 June 1994) is a Japanese right-handed épée fencer, 2016 team Asian champion, 2019 individual Asian champion, and 2021 team Olympic champion.

Along with Koki Kano, Kazuyasu Minobe, and Satoru Uyama, Yamada was a member of the Japanese team that won gold in the team men's épée event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. It was Japan's first team Olympic gold medal in fencing.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Sport climbing at the 2022 World Games
The sport climbing competition at the 2022 World Games took place from 14 to 16 July 2022, at the Sloss Furnaces, Birmingham, United States. Originally scheduled to take place in July 2021, the Games were rescheduled for July 2022 as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It served as a qualifying event for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris,  France.

Sloss Furnaces
Sloss Furnaces is a National Historic Landmark in Birmingham, Alabama in the United States. It operated as a pig iron-producing blast furnace from 1882 to 1971. After closing, it became one of the first industrial sites (and the only blast furnace) in the U.S. to be preserved and restored for public use. In 1981, the furnaces were designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Department of the Interior.

The site currently serves as an interpretive museum of industry and hosts a metal arts program. It also serves as a concert and festival venue. A new visitor center was built in 2015 and opened in 2016. The furnace site, along a wide strip of land reserved in Birmingham's original city plan for railroads and industry, hosts students through their education programs. The museum is free to visit.
On the First Warm Day
"On the First Warm Day" (also known as "The First Warm Day in May") is an American pop standard with music and lyrics by Bart Howard. It was originally recorded by Rosemary Clooney for Columbia Records on April 18, 1952. Other performers with renditions of the tune over the succeeding decades include Mabel Mercer (1952), Alma Cogan (1953), Portia Nelson (1956), Chris Connor (1958), Eydie Gormé (1958), Betty Johnson (1995), KT Sullivan (1997) and Joyce Breach (2003).

Rosemary Clooney
Rosemary Clooney (May 23, 1928 – June 29, 2002) was an American singer and actress. She came to prominence in the early 1950s with the song "Come On-a My House", which was followed by other pop numbers such as "Botch-a-Me", "Mambo Italiano", "Tenderly", "Half as Much", "Hey There", "This Ole House", and "Sway". She also had success as a jazz vocalist.

Clooney's career languished in the 1960s, partly because of problems related to bipolar disorder and drug addiction, but revived in 1977, when her White Christmas co-star Bing Crosby asked her to appear with him at a show marking his 50th anniversary in show business. Clooney continued recording until her death in 2002. In her personal life, she was the mother of actor Miguel Ferrer and the aunt of actor George Clooney.
Mack AC
The Mack AC was a heavy cargo truck designed in the 1910s by Mack Trucks, an American truck manufacturer then based in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Introduced in 1916, the Mack AC saw extensive service during World War I with British and American armed forces. The British gave it nickname "Bulldog", which led Mack Trucks to adopt the bulldog as its corporate symbol.

Mack Trucks
Mack Trucks, Inc. is an American truck manufacturing company and a former manufacturer of buses and trolley buses. Founded in 1900 as the Mack Brothers Company, it manufactured its first truck in 1905 and adopted its present name in 1922. Since 2000, Mack Trucks has been a subsidiary of Volvo, which purchased Mack and its former parent company Renault Véhicules Industriels.

Founded originally in Brooklyn in 1900, the company moved its headquarters to Allentown, Pennsylvania, five years later, in 1905. The company remained in Allentown for over a century, from 1905 until 2009.

Mack products are produced in Lower Macungie, Pennsylvania, and Salem, Virginia. Its powertrain products are produced in its Hagerstown, Maryland, plant. Mack also maintains additional assembly plants in facilities in Pennsylvania, Australia, and Venezuela. The company also once maintained plants in Winnsboro, South Carolina, Hayward, California, and Oakville, Ontario, which are now closed.
Malibeyli Hamid
Hamid Imamgulu oghlu Gurbanov (Azerbaijani: Həmid İmamqulu oğlu Qurbanov, 1869 – March 22, 1922) was a 19th–20th century Azerbaijani singer-khananda and tarzen, representative of the Karabakh mugham school.

Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja (/ˈɡændʒə/; Azerbaijani: Gəncə [ɟænˈdʒæ] ⓘ) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 335,600. The city has been a historic and cultural center throughout most of its existence. It was the capital of the Ganja Khanate until 1804; after Qajar Iran ceded it to the Russian Empire following the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, it became part of the administrative divisions of the Georgia Governorate, Georgia-Imeretia Governorate, Tiflis Governorate, and Elizavetpol Governorate. Following the dissolution of the Russian Empire and the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, it became a part of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, followed by the Azerbaijan SSR, and, since 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Frederick I (archbishop of Cologne)
Frederick I (c. 1075 – 5 October 1131) was the Archbishop of Cologne from 1100 until his death.

Frederick I was a son of Count Berthold I of Schwarzenburg. He became a canon in Bamberg and Speyer.

Frederick was appointed Archbishop of Cologne in 1100 by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. He supported Henry V's revolt against his father, despite the widespread support for Henry IV among the citizens of Cologne. In 1110 he conducted the wedding of Henry V and Matilda.

Shortly after gaining office, he began construction of the castle of Volmarstein. Frederick took part in drawing up the Concordat of Worms which ended the Investiture Controversy in 1122. Frederick elected Lothair of Saxony over Duke Frederick II of Swabia in 1125, after first offering the crown of Germany to Charles I the Good of Flanders. King Lothair secured the south of the archbishopric through the construction of a series of castles.

Frederick died in 1131, and was buried in Michaelsberg Abbey.

Archdiocese of Cologne
The Archdiocese of Cologne (Latin: Archidioecesis Coloniensis; German: Erzbistum Köln) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
Boilermaker Special
The Boilermaker Special is the official mascot of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. It resembles a Victorian-era railroad locomotive and is built on a truck chassis.  It is operated and maintained by the student members of the Purdue Reamer Club. It is often incorrectly assumed that Purdue Pete is the official mascot of the university.

Dennis Brothers
Dennis Brothers Limited was an English manufacturer of commercial vehicles based in Guildford. It is best remembered as a manufacturer of buses, fire engines and lorries (trucks) and municipal vehicles such as dustcarts. All vehicles were made to order to the customer's requirements and more strongly built than mass production equivalents. Dennis Brothers was Guildford's main employer.

Following a decade of financial difficulties the original shareholders sold out in 1972 and Dennis's ownership has since passed through quite a number of hands.
Florida House of Representatives
The Florida House of Representatives is the lower house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida Senate being the upper house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The House is composed of 120 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 180,000 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. Representatives' terms begin immediately upon their election.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the State House with 84 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 33 seats. Three seats are vacant.

Single-member district
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders.

In some countries, such as Australia and India, members of the  lower house of parliament are elected from single-member districts, while members of the upper house are elected from multi-member districts. In some countries, such as Singapore, members of parliament are elected from both single-member and multi-member districts.
To Aroma Tis Amartias
To Aroma Tis Amartias (Greek: Το Άρωμα της Αμαρτίας; English: The scent of sin) is the 12th studio album by Greek singer-songwriter and record producer Nikos Karvelas, released by Sony Music Greece in May 1996. The album was certified platinum with sales of 40,000 copies.

Nikos Karvelas
Nikos Karvelas (Greek: Νίκος Καρβέλας; born 8 September 1951) is a Greek musician, composer, singer, songwriter, record producer and author. He has sold millions of records as a producer and is most recognizable for his four-decade-long collaboration with Anna Vissi, while some of his other well-known collaborations include Tolis Voskopoulos and Sakis Rouvas. Karvelas has released multiple personal studio albums that have had mild to big success. In 2012, Alpha TV ranked Karvelas as the 13th top-certified composer in Greece in the phonographic era.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, 
Dionýsios Alexándrou Halikarnasseús, ''Dionysios (son of Alexandros) of Halikarnassos''; c.  60 BC – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus. His literary style was atticistic – imitating Classical Attic Greek in its prime.

He is known for his work Rhōmaikē Archaiologia (Roman Antiquities), which describes the history of Rome from its beginnings until the outbreak of the First Punic War in 264 BC. Out of twenty books, only the first nine have survived. Dionysius's opinion of the necessity of a promotion of paideia within education, from true knowledge of classical sources, endured for centuries in a form integral to the identity of the Greek elite.

Attic Greek
Attic Greek is the Greek dialect of the ancient region of Attica, including the polis of Athens. Often called Classical Greek, it was the prestige dialect of the Greek world for centuries and remains the standard form of the language that is taught to students of Ancient Greek. As the basis of the Hellenistic Koine, it is the most similar of the ancient dialects to later Greek. Attic is traditionally classified as a member or sister dialect of the Ionic branch.
2026 New Mexico House of Representatives election
The 2026 New Mexico House of Representatives election will be held on November 3, 2026, alongside  the other 2026 United States elections. Voters will elect members of the New Mexico House of Representatives in all 70 of the U.S. state of New Mexico's legislative districts to serve a two-year term.

New Mexico House of Representatives
The New Mexico House of Representatives (Spanish: Cámara de representantes de Nuevo México) is the lower house of the New Mexico State Legislature.

There are 70 members of the House. Each member represents roughly 25,980 residents of New Mexico.

The most recent elections were held on November 5, 2024. During that election the Republican Party of New Mexico picked up one seat.
Catacoeloceras
Catacoeloceras is a genus of ammonite that lived during Middle Toarcian stage of early Jurassic. Members of this genus existed from the Bifrons Subzone of the Bifrons Zone to the Variabilis Zone. Their fossils have been found in Europe, northern Africa, Asia, North America and South America. It is believed to have evolved from Porpoceras.

Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.
The Girl Guides Association of Trinidad and Tobago
The Girl Guides Association of Trinidad and Tobago is the national Guiding organization of Trinidad and Tobago. It serves 3,065 members (as of 2003). Founded in 1914, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1963.

In 2008, the president of the association was Maxine Richards. Currently (2023), the Chief Commissioner is Jacqueline Dolly.

The first meeting of the Girl Guides was held at the Saint Ann's Church hall on Oxford Street, Port-of-Spain on 8 June 1914 by Mrs. Havelock, wife of a Methodist minister. By Christmas of that year there were four companies with a total of 100 Guides and nine Guiders.

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.
Michal Suchánek (Czech actor)
Michal Suchánek (born 25 July 1965) is a Czech actor, moderator and comedian. He is the writer and actor in the popular Czech and Slovak TV show Tele Tele along with his friend Richard Genzer.

Suchánek was born in Jičín, but grew in Sobotka. He became a child actor at age 9. He later studied at Prague Conservatory. He acted in many famous theaters, like Národní divadlo and Činoherní klub and in number of films.

After Tele Tele the popular television show with great popularity in Czech Republic and Slovakia, he co-wrote with Genzer many other shows as Mr. GS and Máš minutu!. He is also one of the actors in the Czech version of Partička.

Sobotka
Sobotka (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsobotka]) is a town in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,400 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.