hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel T. Hubbard Jr.
Samuel Thomas Hubbard Jr. (1884–1962) was a cotton industry executive and military intelligence officer with the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I. Hubbard served as chief of the Enemy Order of Battle Section in the G2 Military Intelligence Division and then as a liaison to the Allied Forces' headquarters for General John Pershing. He also served as director of the military intelligence school in Langres, France at the end of the war. Recognizing these efforts, the U.S. Army awarded Hubbard their Distinguished Service Medal, and France awarded him their Officier d'Académie Medal.  Returning to the U.S., Hubbard worked as an executive with Hubbard Brothers & Company (HBC), a cotton grower launched by his family members. Representing HBC, he served as vice president and then as president of the New York Cotton Exchange, the oldest commodity exchange in New York City.

American Expeditionary Forces
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont, France under the command of then-major general John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, British Indian Army, New Zealand Army and Australian Army units against the Imperial German Army. A small number of AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in 1918 against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.
Torrey pine
The Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) is a rare pine species in California, United States. It is a critically endangered species growing only in coastal San Diego County, and on Santa Rosa Island, offshore from Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara County. The Torrey pine is endemic to the California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
Barton Hills, Austin, Texas
Barton Hills is a neighborhood in Austin, Texas. It is located in south Austin, and encompasses part of ZIP code 78704.

Barton Hills is bounded by South Lamar and Zilker neighborhoods to the east, Barton Springs Road and Zilker Park to the north, Barton Creek and the Spyglass-Barton's Bluff neighborhood to the west and the Capital of Texas Highway to the south.

Barton Hills is primarily residential, with the oldest homes dating back to the 1940s. Additionally, the area is home to several attractions including the Barton Creek Greenbelt nature preserve and the Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum. Just north of the neighborhood are Barton Springs Pool, a natural spring fed by Barton Creek, and the 351-acre Zilker Park.

Barton Hills is located within city council District 5.

Barton Creek
Barton Creek is a tributary that feeds the Colorado River as it flows through the Texas Hill Country. The creek passes through some of the more scenic areas in Greater Austin, surrounded in many parts by a greenbelt of protected lands that serves as a habitat for many indigenous species of flora and fauna. The creek passes through Barton Creek Greenbelt and is fed by Barton Springs.
HMS Pembroke (1733)
HMS Pembroke was a 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built to the dimensions of the 1719 Establishment at Woolwich Dockyard, and launched on 27 November 1733.

In April 1749, whilst near Fort St David, Pembroke, along with Namur and the hospital ship Apollo, was wrecked in a storm, with the loss of 330 of her crew, only 12 being saved.

Hospital ship
A hospital ship is a ship designated for primary function as a floating medical treatment facility or hospital. Most are operated by the military forces (mostly navies) of various countries, as they are intended to be used in or near war zones. In the 19th century, redundant warships were used as moored hospitals for seamen.

The Second Geneva Convention of 1949 prohibits military attacks on hospital ships that meet specified requirements, though belligerent forces have right of inspection and may take  patients, but not staff, as prisoners of war.
Bright Alliance
The Bright Alliance (Armenian: «Լույս» դաշինք, ԼՈՒՅՍ; LUYS Dashink, LUYS) was a liberal political alliance of two political parties in Armenia: the Bright Armenia party and Republic party. It was formed on 28 August 2018, before the 2018 Yerevan City Council election. Its leaders were Edmon Marukyan (leader of Bright Armenia) and Aram Sargsyan (leader of the Republic party and former prime minister between 1999 and 2000).

Prime Minister of Armenia
The prime minister of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության վարչապետ, romanized: Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan varch’apet) is the head of government and most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "determine the main directions of policy of the Government, manage the activities of the Government and coordinate the work of the members of the Government." Also, according to the constitution, the prime minister heads the Security Council, which prescribes the main directions of the country's defense policy; thus, the prime minister is effectively the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Armenia. Nikol Pashinyan is the current prime minister. He took the office on 8 May 2018 following the resignation of Serzh Sargsyan.
Norilsk Railway
Norilsk Railway (Russian: Норильская железная дорога) is a single-track railway and formerly the northernmost railway line in Russia. The railway is in northern Krasnoyarsk Krai, southern Taimyr Peninsula and connects the mining towns Talnakh, Norilsk and Kayerkan with the port Dudinka on the Yenisei. The railway line is 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) Russian gauge, and was partially constructed by the prisoners of Norillag. The railway is owned by the Norilsk Nickel mining company and does not belong to Russian Railways.

Talnakh
Talnakh (Russian: Тална́х, IPA: [tɐɫˈnax]) is a district (raion) of Norilsk, located about 25 kilometers (16 mi) north of the Central District at the foot of the Putorana Mountains in Taymyr Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Formerly a town, it was merged into Norilsk as a satellite city in 2005. Population: 47,216 (2021 census);

It is the site of the mines serving the production of nickel and other metals in Norilsk's metallurgical industry. The mineral talnakhite is named after Talnakh.
S. Z. M. Mashoor Moulana
Alhaj S. Z. M. Mashoor Moulana (மசூர் மௌலானா, 31 January 1932 – 4 December 2015), born in Maruthamunai, Eastern Province, was a Sri Lankan politician.

He began his political career alongside the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi leader, S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, with whom he was very closely associated in all his political activities.

He addressed on the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi platform and contested the 1960 General Election and lost the seat by a narrow margin of 112 votes. In 1966 he became the chairman of the Karaivakupattu Village Council, a position that he remained in until 1974.

Moulana served as the chairman of the Hotels Corporation during President J.R. Jayewardene & Prime Minister R. Premadasa's time, and thereafter as a member of the Eastern Provincial Council.

Moulana was also then Mayor of the Kalmunai Municipal Council between 2009 and 2011.

Kalmunai Municipal Council
Kalmunai Municipal Council (KMC) is the local authority for the city of Kalmunai in south-eastern Sri Lanka. KMC is responsible for providing a variety of local public services including roads, sanitation, drains, housing, libraries, public parks and recreational facilities. It has 41 members elected using the Mixed system.
Reduncinae
The bovid subfamily Reduncinae or tribe Reduncini is composed of nine species of antelope, all of which dwell in marshes, floodplains, or other well-watered areas, including the waterbucks and reedbucks. These antelopes first appear in the fossil record 7.4 million years ago in Eurasia and 6.6 Mya in Africa.

Grey rhebok
The grey rhebok (Pelea capreolus), locally known as the vaalribbok  in Afrikaans, is a species of antelope native to South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini. The specific name capreolus is Latin for 'little goat'.
Hyperolius maestus
Hyperolius maestus is a species of frog of questionable status in the family Hyperoliidae. Described more than a century ago, it is only known from its type locality, Landana, in the Cabinda Province of northern Angola. The holotype was originally deposited in Museo Bouvier and—if it survives at all—now presumably lies unidentified in the National Museum of Natural History, France. Hyperolius maestus might be a synonym of Hyperolius marmoratus.

Common name Cabinda reed frog has been proposed for this species.

National Museum of Natural History, France
In France, the National Museum of Natural History (French: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [myzeɔm nɑsjɔnal distwaʁ natyʁɛl]; MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a grand établissement of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries,  is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.

Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers. It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).
Diving at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 3 metre springboard
The men's 3 metre springboard diving competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held on 6 and 7 August at the Aquatics Centre within the Olympic Park.

Ilya Zakharov from Russia won the gold medal. China's Qin Kai took silver and He Chong won bronze.

Qin Kai (diver)
Qin Kai (Chinese: 秦凯; pinyin: Qín Kǎi; born January 31, 1986) is a Chinese diver. He competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
Alexander Milošević
Goran Alexander Sjöström Milošević (Serbian pronunciation: [alě̞ksaːndar milǒːʃeʋitɕ], Serbian Cyrillic: Александaр Милошевић; born 30 January 1992) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. A full international between 2013 and 2022, he won nine caps for the Sweden national team.

AIK Fotboll
AIK Fotboll (LSE: 0DI2), more commonly known simply as AIK (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂ːiːˌkoː]), an abbreviation for Allmänna Idrottsklubben (meaning the public or general sports club), and internationally known as AIK Stockholm, is a Swedish professional football club from Stockholm, competing in Allsvenskan, the top flight of Swedish football. The club was founded 1891 and the football department was formed in 1896. AIK's home ground is Strawberry Arena, located in Solna, bordering Stockholm City Centre.

AIK has 12 championship titles and is third in the all-time Allsvenskan table. The club holds the record for having played the most seasons in the Swedish top flight.

In Europe, AIK reached the quarter-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, qualified for the 1999–00 UEFA Champions League group stage, and competed in the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League group stage.
Poon Saan
Poon Saan is the second largest village on Christmas Island, an external territory of Australia. Ethnic Chinese make up the majority of inhabitants. In Cantonese, Poon Saan (半山, Jyutping: bun3 saan1) means "halfway up the hill". The architecture of Poon Saan reflects the Chinese heritage of the majority of residents in being Singapore style units, rather than the Western style common in Flying Fish Cove.

The Java sparrow has become established on the island with populations near Poon Saan.

Java sparrow
The Java sparrow (Padda oryzivora; syn. Lonchura oryzivora), also known as the Java finch, Java rice sparrow or Java rice bird, is a small passerine bird. This species in the family Estrildidae is a resident breeding bird in Java, Bali, and Bawean in Indonesia. It is a popular cage bird, and has been introduced into many other countries.
Panasonic Lumix DMC-G10
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-G10 is the sixth digital mirrorless interchangeable lens camera introduced that adheres to the Micro Four Thirds System (MFT) system design standard, and the fourth Panasonic model MFT camera.  The G10 model was announced concurrently with its more capable sibling, the Panasonic Lumix DMC-G2, in March 2010.

Lumix
Lumix is Panasonic's brand of digital cameras, ranging from pocket point-and-shoot models to digital SLRs and mirrorless cameras.

Compact digital cameras DMC-LC5 and DMC-F7 were the first products of the Lumix series, released in 2001. Most Lumix cameras use differing releases of the Panasonic Venus Engine for digital image processing; the original version (2002) was followed by II (2004), Plus (2005), III (2006), IV (2008), HD, V (2009) VI, HD II, VII FHD (2010, 2012, 2013), IX (2014), X (2017), and XI (2019).

Some Lumix models are branded with Leica lenses (e.g. Nocticron or Elmarit lenses), although Leica does not manufacture the lenses. Others are rebranded as Leica cameras with different cosmetic stylings.

Despite shifting focus to full frame cameras, Panasonic continues to release and support micro four thirds (MFT) cameras. As of 2023, the Lumix G9II is the flagship MFT camera of the range.
Endemic biota of the Auckland Region
The Auckland region of New Zealand is home to numerous endemic flora and fauna. Many of these species have ranges restricted to the Waitākere Ranges, Great Barrier Island, Little Barrier Island and the Mokohinau Islands. A number of species have restricted ranges that include areas outside of the Auckland region, such as Buller's shearwater and Pycroft's petrel, or organisms such as the brown teal / pateke and stitchbird / hihi which have recently increased ranges due to conservation efforts.

Currently no freshwater fish species are known to be endemic to the Auckland region.

Buller's shearwater
Buller's shearwater (Ardenna bulleri) is a Pacific species of seabird in the family Procellariidae; it is also known as the grey-backed shearwater or New Zealand shearwater. A member of the black-billed wedge-tailed Thyellodroma group, among the larger shearwaters of the genus Ardenna, it forms a superspecies with the wedge-tailed shearwater (A. pacificus).
Yashkino
Yashkino (Russian: Яшкино) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Yashkino, Kemerovo Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Yashkinsky District, Kemerovo Oblast

Rural localities

Yashkino, Kirov Oblast, a village in Vikharevsky Rural Okrug of Kilmezsky District of Kirov Oblast

Yashkino, Leningrad Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of  Budogoshchskoye Settlement Municipal Formation, Kirishsky District, Leningrad Oblast

Yashkino, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Yashkinsky Selsoviet of Krasnogvardeysky District of Orenburg Oblast

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Samuel Scherrer
Samuel Scherrer (born 15 March 1997) is a Swiss freestyle wrestler. He is a two-time silver medalist at the European Wrestling Championships. He also won a bronze medal at the 2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup held in Belgrade, Serbia.

European Wrestling Championships
The European Wrestling Championships is the second oldest international wrestling competition of the modern world and the main wrestling championships in Europe. It predates World Wrestling Championships and other regional wrestling championships and is second only to the wrestling events at the Olympics. From its inception in 1898 till 1927 only Greco-Roman wrestling was contested. Since 1929 separate freestyle wrestling events were held as well. Since 1970 the two Olympic wrestling styles were contested together during the same unified events. Since 1973 Sambo wrestling was included into the championships programme along with GR and freestyle wrestling (subsequently discontinued and from 1983 contested separately). Since 2014 associated traditional wrestling styles recognized globally by UWW were incorporated into the annual championships schedule.
OptimFROG
OptimFROG is a proprietary, lossless audio codec developed by Florin Ghido. OptimFROG is optimized for high compression (small file sizes) at the expense of encoding and decoding speed, and consistently measures among the highest compressing lossless codecs. OptimFROG comes with three compressors: a lossless codec for integer LPCM format in WAV files, one for IEEE 754 floating-point WAV files, and third codec called DualStream.

OptimFROG DualStream is lossy, but fill the gap between perceptual coding and lossless coding by producing a correction file. In combination with the main, lossy-encoded file, the correction file provides for lossless decoding. The lossless decoding is computationally intense and cannot be done in real time on contemporary hardware. The rival audio codecs WavPack. MPEG-4 SLS, and DTS-HD Master Audio also offer correction file generation.

The OptimFROG file formats use APEv2 tags to store the metadata.  ID3 is also possible.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Ur-du-kuga
Ur-du-kuga, written dur-du6-kù-ga (died c. 1825 BC) was the 13th king of the Dynasty of Isin and reigned for 4 years according to the Sumerian King List, or 3 years according to the Ur-Isin kinglist. He was the third in a sequence of short reigning monarchs whose filiation was unknown and whose power extended over a small region encompassing little more than the city of Isin and its neighbor Nippur. He was probably a contemporary of Warad-Sin of Larsa and Apil-Sin of Babylon.

Larsa
Larsa (Sumerian: 𒌓𒀕𒆠, romanized: UD.UNUGKI, read Larsamki), also referred to as Larancha/Laranchon (Gk. Λαραγχων) by Berossos and connected with the biblical Ellasar, was an important city-state of ancient Sumer, the center of the cult of the sun god Utu with his temple E-babbar. It lies some 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Uruk in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate, near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal at the site of the modern settlement Tell as-Senkereh or Sankarah.

Larsa is thought to be the source of a number of tablets involving Babylonian mathematics, including the Plimpton 322 tablet that contains patterns of Pythagorean triples.
Esporte Clube Itaúna
Esporte Clube Itaúna was a football club from the city of Itaúna, Minas Gerais, founded on 29 September 1929. It was founded as Itaúna Foot-Ball Club. The biggest triumph of the club was in 1964 when they beat Cruzeiro, with Tostão and Piazza in the lineup, 2:1 in a friendly match inaugurating their current home field Estádio Municipal José Flávio de Carvalho.

Itaúna
Itaúna is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. It is located in the Iron Quadrangle (Quadrilátero Ferrífero), within the Metropolitan Belt, 80 km from Belo Horizonte in the Central-West region of Minas. It borders Itatiaiuçu (Central Region of Minas) to the south, Mateus Leme (Greater Belo Horizonte) to the east, Carmo do Cajuru to the west, Pará de Minas (Central Region of Minas) to the north, and Igaratinga (Central-West Region) to the northwest. Its estimated population in 2024 is 102,500 inhabitants.
Settlers of the Stone Age
The Settlers of the Stone Age is a 2002 German board game, heavily based on The Settlers of Catan, with a Stone Age theme. It is a member of the Catan series of games, and as such it is created by Klaus Teuber and published by Kosmos in German and Mayfair Games in English. It was rereleased in 2022 as Catan: Dawn of Humankind.

Eurogame
A Eurogame, also called a German-style board game, German game, or Euro-style game (generally only referred to as board games in Europe), is a class of tabletop games which generally feature indirect player interaction, lack of player elimination, and provide multiple ways to score points. Eurogames are sometimes contrasted with American-style board games which generally involve more luck, conflict, and drama. They are usually less abstract than chess or Go, but more focused on economic competition than wargames. Likewise, they generally require more thought and planning than party games like Pictionary and Trivial Pursuit.
GSS coding system
GSS codes are nine-character geocodes maintained by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics (ONS) to represent a wide range of geographical areas of the UK, for use in tabulating census and other statistical data. GSS refers to the Government Statistical Service of which ONS is part.

GSS codes replaced a previous system called ONS codes from January 2011. ONS codes were hierarchical whereas in GSS codes there is no relation between the code for a lower-tier area and the corresponding parent area.

Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within their areas, or perform additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by multiple tiers of local government.

Typically, unitary authorities cover towns or cities that are large enough to function independently of a council or other authority. An authority can be a unit of a county or combined authority.