hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MS NOW criticisms and controversies
MS NOW (known as MSNBC until November 2025) is a news and political commentary organization that has been the focus of several controversies.  It has been accused by academics, media figures, political figures, and watchdog groups of having various biases in their news coverage as well as more general views of a liberal bias.  Most of these controversies took place during the 2015–2024 era.

Chris Matthews
Christopher John Matthews (born December 17, 1945) is an American political commentator, retired talk show host, and author. Matthews hosted his weeknight hour-long talk show, Hardball with Chris Matthews, on America's Talking and later on MSNBC, from 1997 until 2020. He announced on his final episode that he was retiring, following an accusation that he had made inappropriate comments to a Hardball guest four years earlier.
Shigeo Kurata
Shigeo Kurata (倉田 重夫, Kurata Shigeo) is a Japanese botanist and  Nepenthes taxonomist whose work in the 1960s and 1970s contributed much to the current popularity of these plants. His best-known work is the 1976 guide Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu. Nepenthes kurata was named in his honour.

Kurata has described a number of new Nepenthes species, including N. campanulata, N. eymae, N. mindanaoensis, N. peltata, N. rhombicaulis, and N. saranganiensis. He also described N. pyriformis, which was subsequently recognised as a natural hybrid by Charles Clarke. Other natural hybrids named by Kurata include N. × ferrugineomarginata, N. × kinabaluensis, and N. × kuchingensis.

Nepenthes × kuchingensis
Nepenthes × kuchingensis (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌkuːtʃɪŋˈɛnsɪs/ nih-PEN-theez KOO-ching-EN-siss) is a natural hybrid between N. ampullaria and N. mirabilis. Although it is named after the city of Kuching in Sarawak, this plant has a wide distribution across Borneo, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Thailand.
Ömer Çelik
Ömer Çelik (born 15 June 1968) is a Turkish journalist and politician. Between 24 January 2013 and 28 August 2015 he served as Minister of Culture and Tourism. He served as the Minister of European Union Affairs and as the Chief Negotiator for Turkish Accession to the European Union between 2016–2018.

Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkish: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for culture and tourism affairs in Turkey. Revolving fund management of the ministry is carried by DÖSİMM. On July 9, 2018, the newly elected President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced his cabinet of the new Turkish political system. Mehmet Nuri Ersoy was appointed Minister of Culture and Tourism.
Ù
Ù is used in the ISO 9:1995 system of Kyrgyz transliteration as the Cyrillic letter Ү.

In the Pinyin system of Chinese romanization ù is an u with a falling tone.

This appears in Cassubian, Italian, Sardinian, French, Breton, Kurdish, Vietnamese, Scottish Gaelic and also in the constructed language Uropi to represent a close back rounded vowel.

Uropi
Uropi is a constructed language which was created by Joël Landais, a French English teacher. Uropi is a synthesis of European languages, explicitly based on the common Indo-European roots and aims at being used as an international auxiliary language for Europe and thus contributing to building a European identity.

Uropi was begun in 1986; since then, it has undergone certain modifications; its vocabulary keeps growing (the French-Uropi dictionary has over 10,000 words).

Uropi became known in Europe in the early 1990s.
6.5×68mm
The 6.5×68mm rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire rifle cartridge (also known as the 6.5×68mm RWS, 6.5×68mm Schüler, or the 6.5×68mm Von Hofe Express) and its sister cartridge the 8×68mm S were developed in the 1930s by August Schüler from the August Schüler Waffenfabrik, Suhl, Germany as magnum hunting cartridges that would just fit and function in standard-sized Mauser 98 bolt-action rifles. This is one of the early examples where a completely new rifle cartridge (the 6.5×68mm and 8×68mm S have no other cartridge as parent case) was developed by a gunsmith to fit a specific popular and widespread type of rifle.

Rim (firearms)
A rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded, stamped, or pressed around the bottom of a firearms cartridge. Thus, rimmed cartridges are sometimes called "flanged" cartridges. Almost all cartridges feature an extractor or headspacing rim, in spite of the fact that some cartridges are known as "rimless cartridges". The rim may serve a number of purposes, including providing a lip for the extractor to engage, and sometimes serving to headspace the cartridge.
Illovo, KwaZulu-Natal
Illovo is a town in EThekwini in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

Popular coastal resort on the Natal South Coast, between Winklespruit and Karridene, 34 km south-west of Durban. It takes its name from the Lovu River. The adapted form Illovo has also been applied to a sugar estate and thence to the Illovo Sugar company.

EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseThekwini) is a metropolitan municipality, created in 2000, that includes the city of Durban and surrounding towns. eThekwini is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. As of 2011, the majority of its 3,442,361 inhabitants spoke isiZulu.
Greater Magaric languages
The Greater Magaric languages are a branch of Sino-Tibetan languages proposed by Nicolas Schorer (2016). Schorer (2016: 286-287) considers Greater Magaric to be closely related to the Kiranti languages as part of a greater Himalayish branch, and does not consider Himalayish to be particularly closely related to the Tibetic languages, which include Tibetan and the Tamangic languages.

Matisoff (2015: xxxii, 1123-1127), in the final print release of the Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT), has also proposed a Kham-Magar-Chepang language group.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.
Kay Behrensmeyer
Anna Katherine "Kay" Behrensmeyer is an American taphonomist and paleoecologist. She is a pioneer in the study of the fossil records of terrestrial ecosystems and engages in geological and paleontological field research into the ecological context of human evolution in East Africa. She is Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology in the Department of Paleobiology at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). At the museum, she is co-director of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems program and an associate of the Human Origins Program.

Paleoecology
Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales. As a discipline, paleoecology interacts with, depends on and informs a variety of fields including paleontology, ecology, climatology and biology.

Paleoecology emerged from the field of paleontology in the 1950s, though paleontologists have conducted paleoecological studies since the creation of paleontology in the 1700s and 1800s. Combining the investigative approach of searching for fossils with the theoretical approach of Charles Darwin and Alexander von Humboldt, paleoecology began as paleontologists began examining both the ancient organisms they discovered and the reconstructed environments in which they lived. Visual depictions of past marine and terrestrial communities have been considered an early form of paleoecology. The term "paleo-ecology" was coined by Frederic Clements in 1916.
Barbara Andrews (bishop)
Barbara Andrews is a retired Anglican Suffragan Bishop in the Anglican Church of Canada: she was responsible for the Anglican Parishes of the Central Interior and reported to the Metropolitan of British Columbia and Yukon. Formerly Director of the Sorrento Retreat and Conference Centre in British Columbia, she was elected on 30 June 2009; and was consecrated at St Paul's Cathedral, Kamloops, on October 18, 2009.
She retired from active ministry on April 30, 2020.

St. Paul's Cathedral (Kamloops)
St Paul's Cathedral, Kamloops, is the Cathedral church for the Territory of the People, Anglican Church of Canada. The Territory of the People (the Territory) was formerly known as the Diocese of Cariboo, which was dissolved because of its inability to meet tort judgments against it in respect of abuse in Indian residential schools. After dissolution of the Diocese of the Cariboo the Territory was temporarily known as The Anglican Parishes of the Central Interior. The area officially became a territory in 2015.

The original church  was built in 1888 on Main Street; in 1924, the building was moved to Nicola Street. The building is an extremely modest one both in size and furniture and fittings.

In 2023, the rector and Dean is the Rev Dr Kyle Norman. The bishop having responsibility for the parishes of the Territory is the Rt. Rev. Barbara Andrews; Clara Plamondon was consecrated as Bishop in January 2024.
Nutrisoda
Nutrisoda (formerly known as airforce Nutrisoda) was the brand name of a nutrient-enhanced soda sold in the United States by the Ardea Beverage Company.

Nutrisoda contained zero sugar, zero sodium, zero aspartame, and zero to ten calories.  It was sweetened with Sucralose, an artificial sweetener made by chlorinating sucrose.

Pyridoxine
Pyridoxine (PN) is a form of vitamin B6 found commonly in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, side effects or complications of isoniazid use, and certain types of mushroom poisoning. It is used by mouth or by injection.

It is usually well tolerated. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness. Normal doses are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Pyridoxine is in the vitamin B family of vitamins. It is required by the body to metabolise amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Sources in the diet include meat, fish,  fruit, vegetables, and grain.
USS Shrike
USS Shrike is a name used more than once by the United States Navy:

USS Shrike (AM-50), a planned Lapwing-class minesweeper from Baltimore Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company; construction canceled 4 December 1918

USS Shrike (AMS-201), laid down on 1 September 1953 by Tampa Marine Co., Tampa, Florida.

USS Shrike (MHC-62), an Osprey-class minehunter, built by Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in the 1990s.

Lapwing-class minesweeper
The Lapwing-class minesweeper, often called the Bird class, was an early "AM-type" oceangoing minesweeper of the United States Navy. Seven ships of the class were commissioned during World War I, and served well into the 1950s. A number were refitted to serve as ocean-going tugs, salvage vessels, seaplane tenders, or submarine rescue ships.

The propulsion system consisted of 2 Babcock & Wilcox 200psi boilers and a 1,400shp Harlan and Hollingsworth triple expansion reciprocating steam engine.
Lehtoniemi (company)
Oy Lehtoniemi Ab was a Finnish engineering and shipbuilding company, which operated in 1902–1930. The yard was located in Lehtoniemi, Joroinen in Mikkeli Province at lake Saimaa.

The company was founded by Carolus Wrede to continue operations of the previously bankrupted Tehtaat Lehtoniemi & Taipale Fabriker. He restarted the business under the same name. Wrede invested on facilities and the business became flourishing again. The company form became limited liability company Oy Lehtoniemi Ab in 1917 and the ownership base was extended.

The portfolio consisted ships, steam boilers, steam engines and pumps. A large part of the customers were from Imperial Russia and later Soviet Union.

Oy Lehtoniemi Ab was discontinued in 1930 and itse premises were sold to A. Ahlström Oy. The facility was closed down in 1951.

Mikkeli Province
The Mikkeli Province (Finnish: Mikkelin lääni, Swedish: S:t Michels län) was a province of Finland from 1831 to 1997. The province was named after the city of Mikkeli.

Under Russian rule, it was called Saint Michel Governorate. Parts of the province were transferred to the Central Finland Province in 1960. In 1997 it was merged with Kuopio Province and Northern Karelia Province into the new Eastern Finland Province.
Kunisaki Hantō Prefectural Natural Park
Kunisaki Hantō Prefectural Natural Park (国東半島県立自然公園, Kunisaki Hantō kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park on the Kunisaki Peninsula in northeast Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1951, the park spans the municipalities of Bungotakada, Kitsuki, Kunisaki, and Usa. The park encompasses the temples of Fuki-ji and Maki Ōdō as well as Kumano magaibutsu, and includes a marine zone of 41 km2.

Kitsuki, Ōita
Kitsuki (杵築市, Kitsuki-shi) is a city located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2023, the city had an estimated population of 26,761 in 13199 households, and a  population density of 96 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 280.08 km2 (108.14 sq mi).
Arasay Thondike
Arasay María Thondike Santovenia (also spelled Thondique or Tondike; born 28 May 1986 in Sagua La Grande, Villa Clara) is a female hammer thrower from Cuba. She set a personal best throw of 71.14 metres in June 2007 in Warsaw. This personal best stood for two years until she significantly improved upon it with a throw of 71.72 m at the Barrientos Memorial in Cuba.

Villa Clara Province
Villa Clara is one of the provinces of Cuba.  It is located in the central region of the island bordering on the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Matanzas Province to the west, Sancti Spiritus Province to the east, and Cienfuegos Province to the South. Villa Clara shares with Cienfuegos and Sancti Spiritus on the south the Escambray Mountain Range. Its main cities are Santa Clara (the capital), Remedios, Sagua La Grande, Camajuani, Caibarién, Ranchuelo, Placetas, and Manicaragua.
Ropes (surname)
Ropes is a surname, likely of a trade-related origin. People with the surname include:

Adrian Ropes (1941–2004), Egyptian-born English television actor

Arthur Reed Ropes, real name of Adrian Ross (1859–1933), British songwriter

Bradford Ropes (1905–1966), American novelist and screenwriter

David Ropes (died 1781), privateer from Salem, Massachusetts

George Ropes (1788–1819), American artist

James Hardy Ropes (1866–1933), American theologian

John Codman Ropes (1836–1899), American military historian and lawyer, co-founder of the law firm Ropes & Gray

Nathaniel Ropes (c. 1726–1774), justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
Ropes Mansion, named for the justice

Nathaniel Ropes, merchant and namesake of the Nathaniel Ropes Building in Cincinnati, Ohio

Sharon Erickson Ropes (born 1954), Minnesota politician

Wayne M. Ropes (1898–1948), American politician and businessman

Wayne M. Ropes
Wayne M. Ropes (October 23, 1898 – July 18, 1948) was an American politician and businessman.

Born in Onawa, Monona County, Iowa, Ropes graduated from Onawa High School in 1916. He then served in the United States Navy during World War I. He went to the National Business College in Sioux City, Iowa and to the Hohenshuh-Carpenter College of Embalding in Des Moines, Iowa. Ropes worked as an accountant and with the Iowa State Banking Association. From 1925 to 1933, Ropes served as county auditor for Monona County. Ropes was involved with the Republican Party. From 1939 to 1941, Ropes served in the Iowa House of Representatives for District 57. Then, from 1943 to 1947, Ropes served as the Iowa Secretary of State. Ropes died in a hospital in Des Moines, Iowa from a stroke.
Avishka Perera
Avishka Perera (born 26 April 2001) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 March 2021, for Colts Cricket Club in the 2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. He made his List A debut on 30 March 2021, for Colts Cricket Club in the 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament. In April 2022, Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) named him in the Sri Lanka Emerging Team's squad for their tour to England. In July 2022, he was signed by the Kandy Falcons for the third edition of the Lanka Premier League.

Avishka is educated at Nalanda College, Colombo and captained the college first XI cricket team in 2020.

Lanka Premier League
The Lanka Premier League (abbreviated as LPL; Sinhala: ලංකා ප්‍රිමියර් ලීග්, Tamil: லங்கா பிரீமியர் லீக்) is a professional franchise cricket league established in 2020 in Sri Lanka. Matches are played using the Twenty20 cricket format by five teams named after Sri Lankan cities. The league was intended to commence in 2018, but repeatedly postponed by Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC). The inaugural edition took place in 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

As of 2024, there have been five seasons of the tournament. The current title holder team is Jaffna Kings, who won their fourth title in the 2024 Lanka Premier League by defeating Galle Marvels in the final.
Robert Winship
Robert Winship (September 27, 1834 in Forsyth, Georgia – September 8, 1899) was a prominent 19th century Atlanta businessman who built his fortune on the Winship Machine Company, originally built up by his father. Foundry Street in the Luckie Marietta district of Downtown Atlanta is named for Winship's foundry.

Winship had his mansion in the Inman Park neighborhood of Atlanta.

His daughter, Emily Carolyn Winship, would marry prominent businessman Ernest Woodruff. Winship's grandson, Robert Winship Woodruff, after whom Downtown Atlanta's Woodruff Park is named, would run the Coca-Cola company.

Woodruff Park
Woodruff Park, named for Robert W. Woodruff, is located in the heart of Downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The park's 6 acres (2.4 ha) are north of Edgewood Ave, between Peachtree Street NE and Park Place NE.  The park includes a fountain, a performance pavilion, and several monuments.
Pashtrik
Pashtrik (def. 'Pashtriku') is a mountain located in the Has region of northeastern Albania, with a smaller portion extending into southwestern Kosovo. Rising to 1,989 m (6,526 ft) above sea level, it forms part of the outer margin of the Has Highlands, which serve as a natural boundary between the two countries.

According to legend, the mountain is regarded as the burial place of Sarı Saltık, a revered Dervish holy figure. Each year on August 22, thousands of followers make the pilgrimage up to the summit in his honor.

Has (region)
Has (Albanian definite form: Hasi) is a region in north eastern Albania and south western Kosovo.

Hasi is an ethno-geographic area with well-defined borders, bounded by the Drin river to its west and southwest and by the White Drin river on its south, east and northeast. It is located in northeastern Albania and southwestern Kosovo. This division occurred in 1913 as a result of the First Balkan War.

Hasi has an area of 371 square kilometers and a population of around 40,000 in the Republic of Kosovo, while in the Republic of Albania it has an area of 374 square kilometers and a population of 21,500. Hasi thus has a total area of 745 square kilometers and a population of 61,500.
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, 1874–1877
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly who served in the eighth parliament of New South Wales held their seats from 1874 to 1877. The 1874–75 election was held between 8 December 1874 and 12 January 1875 with parliament first meeting on 27 January 1875. There were 72 members elected for 52 single member electorates, 6 two member electorates and 2 four member electorates. During this parliament the number of graduates of Sydney University exceeded 100 and the seat of University of Sydney was created. The maximum term of this parliament was 3 years and the assembly was dissolved after 34 months. Premiers during this parliament were Sir John Robertson 9 February 1875 till 22 March 1877 and from 17 August 1877 and Sir Henry Parkes 22 March 1877 till 17 August 1877. The Speaker was William Arnold until his death on 1 March 1875 and then George Allen.

Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Greg Piper, who was elected on 9 May 2023.
BAP1
BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BAP1 gene. BAP1 encodes an 80.4 kDa nuclear-localizing protein with a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH) domain that gives BAP1 its deubiquitinase activity.  Recent studies have shown that BAP1 and its fruit fly homolog, Calypso, are members of the polycomb-group proteins (PcG) of highly conserved transcriptional repressors required for long-term silencing of genes that regulate cell fate determination, stem cell pluripotency, and other developmental processes.

Nuclear localization sequence
A nuclear localization signal or sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence that 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport. Typically, this signal consists of one or more short sequences of positively charged lysines or arginines exposed on the protein surface. Different nuclear localized proteins may share the same NLS. An NLS has the opposite function of a nuclear export signal (NES), which targets proteins out of the nucleus.
George Farmer (aquascaper)
George Farmer is a British aquascaping expert.

Farmer served as a Royal Air Force bomb disposal officer. After serving in Afghanistan, he suffered from PTSD and found that aquascaping helped him. He says that for him, "a well-aquascaped aquarium is the most therapeutic thing you can look at." He started aquascaping in 2002 and made it his career.

Farmer started a YouTube channel for aquascaping enthusiasts, which as of 2018 had 20 000 subscribers, rising to 200 000 as of 2023. He has been a columnist for the aquarium magazine Practical Fishkeeping for more than 10 years. In 2007 he co-founded the UK Aquatic Plants Society, which as of 2018 had 25 000 members.

Bomb disposal
Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military fields of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and improvised explosive device disposal (IEDD), and the public safety roles of public safety bomb disposal (PSBD) and the bomb squad.
Frank Dietrich
Frank Dietrich is the name of:

Frank Sigel Dietrich (1863–1930), United States federal judge

Frank Dietrich (footballer) (born 1959), German footballer

Frank Dietrich (politician) (1966–2011), German politician

Frank Dietrich (rower) (born 1965), German rower

Frank Sigel Dietrich
Frank Sigel Dietrich (January 23, 1863 – October 2, 1930) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Idaho.