hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Molecular-scale electronics
Molecular-scale electronics, also called single-molecule electronics, is a branch of nanotechnology that uses single molecules, or nanoscale collections of single molecules, as electronic components. Because single molecules constitute the smallest stable structures imaginable, this miniaturization is the ultimate goal for shrinking electrical circuits.

The field is often termed simply as "molecular electronics", but this term is also used to refer to the distantly related field of conductive polymers and organic electronics, which uses the properties of molecules to affect the bulk properties of a material.  A nomenclature distinction has been suggested so that molecular materials for electronics refers to this latter field of bulk applications, while molecular-scale electronics refers to the nanoscale single-molecule applications treated here.

Field-effect transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field-effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET.
Volkswagen Worker
The Volkswagen Worker range covers the 8 Tonne to 31 Tonne (GVW) category in the Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus range.

17 model variants.

9 are Electronic Engines 5 Cummins & 4 MWM all Common Rail Diesel Engined.

8 Mechanical Engines 4 Cummins and 4 MWM.

The majority of the Worker range has been driven on 3 Continents & 30 Countries in the Toughest Conditions e.g. South America.

Volkswagen Truck & Bus
Volkswagen Truck & Bus Indústria e Comércio de Veículos Ltda., formerly known as Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus, is a Brazilian commercial vehicle manufacturing company based in Resende, Brazil and a subsidiary of Traton. It manufactures heavy trucks and buses under the Volkswagen marque.

Volkswagen Truck and Bus was originally a part of the Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles division of the Volkswagen Group. On 1 January 2009, it was sold to MAN SE, and formed its MAN Latin America division. In August 2021, MAN SE was merged with Traton SE, with the latter becoming the direct owner and parent of Volkswagen Truck and Bus.
Stracchino
Stracchino (Italian: [strakˈkiːno]), also known as crescenza (Italian: [kreʃˈʃɛntsa]), is an Italian cow's milk cheese typical of the regions of Lombardy, Tuscany, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Liguria. It is eaten very young, has no rind and has a very soft, creamy texture and normally a mild, slightly acidic flavour. It is normally square in shape.

Dairy cattle
Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle bred with the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.  Dairy cattle generally are of the species Bos taurus.

Historically, little distinction was made between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production.  Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk.
Sablon, Brussels
The Sablon (French, pronounced [sablɔ̃] ⓘ) or Zavel (Dutch, pronounced [ˈzaːvəl] ⓘ) is a neighbourhood and hill in the historic upper town of Brussels, Belgium. At its heart are twin squares: the larger Grand Sablon (French) or Grote Zavel (Dutch; "Large Sablon") square in the north-west and the smaller Petit Sablon (French) or Kleine Zavel (Dutch; "Small Sablon") square and garden in the south-east, divided by the Church of Our Lady of Victories at the Sablon and the Rue de la Régence/Regentschapstraat.

The Sablon is a swanky district, where an antiques market is held, and in which antique and art dealers, as well as other luxury shops, have their businesses. This area is served by Brussels-Chapel railway station and Brussels-Central railway station, as well as the tram stop Petit Sablon/Kleine Zavel (on lines 92 and 93).

Trams in Brussels
The Brussels tramway network is a tram system serving a large part of the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. It is the 16th largest tram system in the world by route length, in 2017 providing 149.1 million journeys (up 9.5% on 2016) over routes 140.6 km (87.4 mi) in length. In 2018, it consisted of 18 tram lines (eight of which—lines 4, 7, 10, 25, 32, 51, 55 and 82—qualified as premetro lines, and five of which—lines 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10—qualified as "Chrono" or "Fast" lines). Brussels trams are operated by STIB/MIVB, the local public transport company.

The network's development has faced issues including the inconsistent route pattern resulting from the closure of the interurban trams, the conflict between low-floor surface trams and high-floor underground trams, and whether the trams run on the right or the left.
Uttar Banga Express
The 13147 / 13148 Uttar Banga Express is a daily express train that runs between Sealdah & Bamanhat via Barddhaman, Bolpur, Rampurhat, Malda Town, New Jalpaiguri, Jalpaiguri Road railway station, New Cooch Behar. Uttar Banga Express was one of the two trains involved in the infamous Sainthia train collision at Sainthia, West Bengal.

It operates as train number 13147 from Sealdah to Bamanhat and as train number 13148 in the reverse direction, serving the state of West Bengal. Uttar Banga translates to North Bengal in Bengali language.

Malda, West Bengal
Malda, also known as English Bazar, is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the sixth largest city (urban agglomeration) in West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Malda district as well as of the Malda division of West Bengal. It consists of two municipalities, viz. English Bazar Municipality and Old Malda Municipality, under Malda Metropolitan Area. The city is located on the banks of the Mahananda River. Malda was an undeveloped city which was enlarging from 1925 to 1930. The city is growing rapidly nowadays with its population inching towards half a million.
The Reluctant Widow (film)
The Reluctant Widow is a 1950 British historical drama film directed by Bernard Knowles and starring Jean Kent, Guy Rolfe, Paul Dupuis and Lana Morris. It iwas written by Gordon Wellesley and Basil Boothroyd (as J.B. Boothroyd) based on the 1946 novel The Reluctant Widow by Georgette Heyer. The screenplay concerns a governess who marries a British aristocrat, and inherits his country house when he dies. The ongoing Napoleonic Wars see her become embroiled with a spy ring.

Basil Boothroyd
John Basil Boothroyd (also known as J. B. Boothroyd; 4 March 1910 – 27 February 1988) was an English humorous writer, best known for his long association with Punch. As a young man he worked for a bank, but began contributing articles to Punch, and became its assistant editor, a post in which he served for eighteen years. His career as a writer for Punch spanned the editorships of E. V. Knox to Alan Coren. Boothroyd's chief literary work outside the comic essay was an official biography of Prince Philip undertaken at the request of its subject. Boothroyd also wrote for television and radio, and was a frequent broadcaster.
Ludovico Lana
Ludovico Lana (c. 1597 – 1646) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, mainly active in Modena, where he died in 1646. He is also known as Lodovico Lana. He was the director of the Accademia Ducale of Modena. He is said to have been born in Codigoro to a Ferrarese merchant, whose family was originally from Brescia. He appears to have trained with Scarsellino in Ferrara. He then spent some time in Bologna, where he may have worked under or learned the style of either Reni or Guercino.

He helped decorate the Ducal Palace of Sassuolo. He painted an altarpiece for the Chiesa del Voto in Modena, depicting the Virgin Mary stopping the plague of 1630, which shows the town of Modena in low aerial view below the image of the Basilica of the Madonna della Ghiara. Below the virgin are pleading and dying citizens.

One of his pupils was Giovanni Vernulli.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Droid 2
The Motorola Droid 2 (GSM/UMTS version: Motorola Milestone 2; GSM/UMTS/CDMA version: Motorola Droid 2 Global) is the fifth mobile phone in Verizon's Droid line. In the U.S., it is available exclusively on Verizon Wireless, and was released August 12, 2010 (pre-order sales of the device began August 11). It runs the Android operating system by Google, and can run Flash Player 10.1. It comes with 8 GB of internal memory and is shipped with an additional 8 GB SDHC card, upgradable to 32 GB. It has a 3.7 in display and a 5-megapixel camera. Unlike the Droid X, the Motorola Droid 2 features a redesigned slide-out QWERTY keyboard, but still features the Swype keyboard found on the Droid X. A limited edition version featuring the Star Wars droid character R2-D2 with exclusive apps and content was announced by Verizon for September 30, 2010, to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary for The Empire Strikes Back.

Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinued multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich internet applications, desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games, and embedded web browser video players.
Reiber
Reiber is a German surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Brent Reiber (born 1966), Swiss ice hockey referee

Carolin Reiber (born 1940), German television presenter

Frank Reiber (1909–2002), nicknamed "Tubby", American baseball player

John Ney Rieber American comic book writer

Lucas Reiber (born 1993), German actor

Ludwig Reiber (1904–1979), German art director

Nathan Reiber (1927-2014), Polish born Canadian American real estate developer, tax evader and developer of a condo in Surfside, Florida that collapsed in 2021

Paul Reiber, (born 1947) American Chief Justice on the Vermont Supreme Court

Willy Reiber, (1895–1980), German film director, producer and set designer

Willy Reiber
Willy Reiber (20 February 1895 – 27 November 1980) was a German film director, producer and set designer. For many years he worked for the forerunners of Bavaria Film at the Emelka Studios in Munich.

Reiber was the art director for Alfred Hitchcock's The Mountain Eagle. He produced the 1943 Nazi propaganda film Titanic.
Broken Springs
Broken Springs (original title Broken Springs: Shine of the Undead Zombie Bastards, distributed under title 101 Zombies) is an independent horror film written, directed, produced, and edited by Virginia native Neeley Lawson, as his first feature effort.  It stars Teague Quillen, Jake Lawson and Shannon Wallen.  The movie was filmed in late fall of 2008, mainly in Gate City, Virginia, U.S. and Rogersville, Tennessee, U.S.

Rogersville, Tennessee
Rogersville is a town in and the county seat of Hawkins County, Tennessee, United States. It was settled in 1775 by the grandparents of Davy Crockett. It is named for its founder, Joseph Rogers. Tennessee's second oldest courthouse, the Hawkins County Courthouse, first newspaper The Knoxville Gazette, and first post office are all located in Rogersville. The Rogersville Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Rogersville is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Tri-Cities region.

As of the 2020 census, Rogersville had a population of 4,671.
2011 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open – Women's doubles
Chang Kai-chen and Heidi El Tabakh were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Karolína Plíšková and Kristýna Plíšková won the title, defeating Jamie Hampton and Noppawan Lertcheewakarn 5–7, 6–2, [10–2] in the final.

Kristýna Plíšková
Kristýna Plíšková (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkrɪstiːna ˈpliːʃkovaː]; born 21 March 1992) is a Czech former professional tennis player. In her career, she won one singles title and five doubles titles on the WTA Tour, with three titles on the WTA Challenger Tour (two in doubles). She also won nine singles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 31 July 2017, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 35. On 14 June 2021, she peaked at No. 44 in the WTA doubles rankings. Plíšková won the 2010 Wimbledon Championships junior tournament, beating Sachie Ishizu in straight sets. She currently holds the record for the most aces (31) in a match on the WTA Tour, which she set in a second-round match against Monica Puig at the 2016 Australian Open.
Penumatsa Sambasiva Raju
Penumatsa Sambasiva Raju (1933 – 10 August 2020) was an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He was an eight-time member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and a former minister in the undivided Andhra Pradesh. He was the only MLA who won eight time in the united Andhra Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Telugu: ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ శాసన సభ, ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh.

The Legislative Assembly consists of 175 members who are elected by adult universal suffrage under the first-past-the-post system. The duration of the Assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting unless it is decided to dissolve the Assembly sooner. The Legislative Assembly's main functions include legislation, overseeing of administration, passing the budget, and airing public grievances.

The Legislative Assembly holds three sessions annually, one for Budget and the other for Monsoon and Winter sessions.

The Legislative Assembly took up residence in the interim Legislative Assembly Building in Amaravati beginning from the 2017 Budget session. The new building has systems for automatic speech translation and automatic vote recording.
Garret Keizer
Garret Keizer (born 1953) is an American author, poet and essayist.

Keizer was born in New Jersey and studied English at Montclair State University. He moved to Vermont’s Northeast Kingdom in 1979 when he was 26. He lives with his family in Sutton, Vermont.

Keizer has written numerous critically acclaimed books. He is also a regular contributor to Harper's Magazine. He has served as an Episcopal priest and a high school English teacher.

Montclair State University
Montclair State University (Montclair) is a public research university in Montclair, New Jersey, United States. Parts of the campus extend into Clifton and into Little Falls. As of June 2024, there were 22,570 total enrolled students: 18,062 undergraduate students and 4,508 graduate students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The campus covers approximately 252 acres (1.02 km2). The university offers more than 300 majors, minors, and concentrations.
Goodridge v. Department of Public Health
Goodridge v. Dept. of Public Health, 798 N.E.2d 941 (Mass. 2003), is a landmark Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court case in which the Court held that the Massachusetts Constitution requires the state to legally recognize same-sex marriage. The November 18, 2003, decision was the first by a U.S. state's highest court to find that same-sex couples had the right to marry. Despite numerous attempts to delay the ruling, and to reverse it, the first marriage licenses were issued to same-sex couples on May 17, 2004, and the ruling has been in full effect since that date.

Roderick L. Ireland
Roderick L. Ireland (born December 3, 1944) served as the 36th Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, and was the first African American to serve that position. He was nominated for Chief Justice by Governor Deval Patrick on November 4, 2010, and sworn in on December 20. He retired from service on the court on July 25, 2014.
Gudang Garam
PT Perusahaan Rokok Tjap Gudang Garam Tbk (Republican spelling Indonesian for "Salt Warehouse brand Cigarette Company plc"), trading as PT Gudang Garam Tbk, is an Indonesian tobacco company, best known for its kretek (clove cigarette) products. It is Indonesia's largest tobacco manufacturer, with a market share of nearly 33%. The company was founded on 26 June 1958 by Tjoa Ing Hwie, who changed his name to Surya Wonowidjojo (1923–1985). In 1984, control of the company was passed to Wonowidjojo's son, Cai Daoheng/Tjoa To Hing (Rachman Halim), who subsequently became the richest man in Indonesia. Halim headed the company until his death at the age of 60 in 2008.

Republican Spelling System
The Republican Spelling System (in Indonesian: ejaan Republik, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Repoeblik, when written in this spelling system) or Soewandi Spelling (in Indonesian: ejaan Suwandi, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Soewandi, when written in this spelling system) was the orthography used for Indonesian from 19 March 1947 until 17 August 1972. It was named after the Indonesian Minister of Learning at the time, Raden Soewandi.
Shakespeare Garden and Anne Hathaway Cottage
The Shakespeare Garden and Anne Hathaway Cottage is a recreation of Anne Hathaway's Cottage in Wessington Springs, South Dakota, United States. Inspired by the original cottage during a vacation to England, Emma Shay completed the house and adjoining Shakespeare garden in 1932 and 1927, respectively. It currently serves as a public tourist attraction and an event venue.

In 1979, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Shakespeare Garden and Shay House for its unique architecture. It is one of the few examples of a 20th-century formal garden in South Dakota.

Anne Hathaway's Cottage
Anne Hathaway's Cottage is a twelve-roomed former farmhouse where Anne Hathaway, the wife of William Shakespeare, lived as a child. It is situated in Shottery about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Stratford-upon-Avon town centre. Shottery is now a district of Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England; however, in Shakespearean times, Shottery was a hamlet. The house, set within pleasant gardens, is a tourist attraction. It has been owned by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust since 1892.
Carole Monnet
Carole Monnet (born 1 December 2001) is a Ukrainian-born French tennis player.
Monnet has career-high WTA rankings of No. 162 in singles, achieved on 11 September 2023, and No. 129 in doubles, reached on 28 October 2024.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Fereydoon Abbasi
Fereydoon Abbasi-Davani (11 July 1958 – 13 June 2025) was an Iranian nuclear engineer and a member of IRGC who was head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran from 2011 to 2013. A principlist who also served in the Iranian Parliament, he was killed in an airstrike by Israel on 13 June 2025. He had previously been wounded in an assassination attempt in 2010.

Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission. In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy. Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Majewo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Majewo [maˈjɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Milejewo, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Milngavie railway station
Milngavie railway station serves the town of Milngavie, East Dunbartonshire, near Glasgow in Scotland. The station is sited 9 miles 35 chains (15.2 km) from Glasgow Queen Street, measured via Maryhill. The station is managed by ScotRail, who also operate all services at the station, along the North Clyde and Argyle lines.

Its principal purpose today is as a commuter station for people working in Glasgow city centre. The station itself is a category B listed building.

Glasgow city centre
Glasgow city centre is the central business district of Glasgow, Scotland. It is bordered by the Saltmarket, High Street and Castle Street to the east, the River Clyde to the south, and the M8 motorway to the west and north.  It is made up of the areas of Cowcaddens, Blythswood Hill, and Merchant City, though parts of Garnethill, Townhead, and Anderston also fall within its boundaries.
HNLMS Van Speijk (F802)
HNLMS Van Speijk (F802) (Dutch: Hr.Ms. Van Speijk) was a frigate of the Van Speijk class. The ship was in service with the Royal Netherlands Navy from 1967 to 1986. The ship's radio call sign was "PAVA". She was sold to the Indonesian Navy where the ship was renamed KRI Slamet Riyadi (352). The ship was decommissioned in 2019.

YJ-83
The YJ-83 (Chinese: 鹰击-83; pinyin: yingji-83; lit. 'eagle strike 83'; NATO reporting name: CSS-N-8 Saccade) is a Chinese subsonic anti-ship cruise missile. It is manufactured by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Third Academy.