hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Ellison
Jean E. Ellison (July 8, 1890 – death date unknown), nicknamed "Early Bird", was an American Negro league catcher in the 1910s.

A native of Paola, Kansas, Ellison made his Negro leagues debut in 1915 with the Chicago American Giants. He went on to play for the Leland Giants in 1917.

Leland Giants
The Leland Giants, originally the Chicago Union Giants, were a Negro league baseball team that competed independently during the first decade of the 20th century. The team was formed via a merge of the Chicago Unions and the Chicago Columbia Giants in 1901, and then split in 1910 to form the Chicago Giants and what would become known as the Chicago American Giants.  The team was named after its owner and manager, Frank Leland.
McCormick Place
McCormick Place is a convention center in Chicago. It is the largest convention center in North America. It consists of four interconnected buildings and one indoor arena sited on and near the shore of Lake Michigan, about 1.0 mi (1.6 km) south of the Chicago Loop. McCormick Place hosts numerous trade shows and meetings.  The largest regular events are the Chicago Auto Show each February, the International Home and Housewares Show each March, the National Restaurant Association Annual Show each May, and the International Manufacturing Technology Show in the fall every other year.

National Restaurant Association
The National Restaurant Association is a restaurant industry business association in the United States, representing more than 380,000 restaurant locations. It also operates the National Restaurant Association Educational Foundation. The association was founded in 1919 and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with an additional office on the 36th floor of the Willis Tower in Chicago.
Fort Macquarie
Fort Macquarie was a square castellated battlement fort built in 1798 at Bennelong Point, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, on the site where the Sydney Opera House now stands. It was demolished in 1901 to make way for the Fort Macquarie Tram Depot.

Francis Greenway
Francis Greenway (20 November 1777 - September 1837) was an English-Australian convict and colonial architect. After being convicted of forgery in England and subsequently transported to New South Wales, Australia (known then as New Holland) at age 37, Greenway was appointed the colony's official architect by Governor Lachlan Macquarie despite his convict status. Over the next two decades, Greenway designed the General Hospital (commonly known as the Rum Hospital), St James' Church, and the Macquarie Lighthouse. His designs incorporated neoclassical architectural principles and responded to the practical needs of the developing colony.
Burg-Süderhastedt
Kirchspielslandgemeinde Burg-Süderhastedt was an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was situated near the Kiel Canal, approx. 25 km southeast of Heide, and 20 km northwest of Itzehoe. Its seat was in Burg. In January 2008, it was merged with the Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Eddelak-Sankt Michaelisdonn to form the Amt Burg-Sankt Michaelisdonn.

The Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Burg-Süderhastedt consisted of the following municipalities (with population in 2005):

Brickeln (212)

Buchholz (1,115)

Burg Dith. (4,364)

Eggstedt (836)

Frestedt (401)

Großenrade (529)

Hochdonn (1,249)

Kuden (664)

Quickborn (199)

Süderhastedt (874)

Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county.
App (surname)
App is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Austin App (1902–1984), German-American academic and Holocaust denier

Timothy App (1948–2025), American painter

Urs App (born 1949), Swiss academic

Austin App
Austin Joseph App (May 24, 1902 – May 3, 1984) was an American professor of medieval English literature who taught at the University of Scranton and La Salle University. App defended Nazi Germany during World War II. He is known for his work denying the Holocaust, and he has been called the first major American Holocaust denier.
Cross-entropy method
The cross-entropy (CE) method is a Monte Carlo method for importance sampling and optimization. It is applicable to both combinatorial and continuous problems, with either a static or noisy objective.

The method approximates the optimal importance sampling estimator by repeating two phases:

Draw a sample from a probability distribution.

Minimize the cross-entropy between this distribution and a target distribution to produce a better sample in the next iteration.

Reuven Rubinstein developed the method in the context of rare-event simulation, where tiny probabilities must be estimated, for example in network reliability analysis, queueing models, or performance analysis of telecommunication systems. The method has also been applied to the traveling salesman, quadratic assignment, DNA sequence alignment, max-cut and buffer allocation problems.

Continuous optimization
Continuous optimization is a branch of optimization in applied mathematics.

As opposed to discrete optimization, the variables used in the objective function are required to be continuous variables—that is, to be chosen from a set of real values between which there are no gaps (values from intervals of the real line). Because of this continuity assumption, continuous optimization allows the use of calculus techniques.
Fort Frances Canadians
The Fort Frances Canadians were a Canadian senior ice hockey team in the Northern Amateur League, from Fort Frances, Ontario. The team was organized following World War II, and led by player-coach Pat Wilson. Local radio station CKFI-AM broadcast games for the team.

The Canadians were finalists in the 1951 Allan Cup, and champions of the 1952 Allan Cup. Goaltender Ray Frederick, and defenceman Ed Kryzanowski, both played in the National Hockey League after being part of the Canadians.

The Fort Frances Canadians name was later used by the local minor ice hockey organization for its competitive youth teams.

Ed Kryzanowski
Edward Lloyd "Sonny" Kryzanowski (November 14, 1925 – April 29, 2007) was a Canadian ice hockey player who played 237 games in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins and Chicago Black Hawks between 1948 and 1953.
Chalkhill Estate
Chalkhill Estate is located in the Wembley Park area of north-west London. It was originally one of three large council estates built in the London Borough of Brent by the early 1970s, along with Stonebridge and South Kilburn. The design was based on that of Park Hill in Sheffield. The high-rise estate was demolished by 2000 and gradually replaced by new low-rise builds.

London Borough of Brent
Brent (/brɛnt/ ⓘ) is a borough in west and north-west London, England; it forms part of Outer London. It is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium, the Swaminarayan Temple and the Kiln Theatre. It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council.

Brent's population was estimated to be 339,800 as at 2021. Major districts are Kenton, Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley and Harlesden, with sub-districts Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green, Neasden, and Queen's Park. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. It includes many districts of inner-city character in the east and a more distinct suburban character in the west, part of which formed part of the early 20th century Metroland developments.
Electoral district of Kanowna
Kanowna was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1901 to 1950.

The district was located in the Goldfields region, and was based in the town of Kanowna. Upon its creation in 1900 it also included the towns of Bardoc, Windanya, Broad Arrow, Paddington, Black Flag, Mulgarrie, Gindalbie, Kurnalpi, and Bulong. It was held by the Labor Party at all times. When the district was abolished at the 1950 state election, sitting member Emil Nulsen transferred to the new seat of Eyre.

Windanya, Western Australia
Windanya is a ghost town located between Kalgoorlie and Leonora in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia.

During the mid-1890s gold was discovered in the area and the Australasia mine was established by 1897. Following an increase in population the townsite was gazetted in 1897.

The name was suggested by the surveyor H.S. King. It is the Aboriginal name for a place near Broad Arrow.
Costa de Almería
The Costa de Almería (Spanish: [ˈkosta ðe almeˈɾi.a], "Coast of Almería") is a coastal region of Spain consisting of the coastal municipalities of the province of Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. The region extends 217 kilometres (135 mi) and includes 13 municipalities, from Pulpí on the border with the province of Murcia to Adra on the border with the province of Granada.

Mojácar
Mojácar (Spanish pronunciation: [moˈxakaɾ]) is a municipality situated in the southeast of the Province of Almería (Andalucia) in southern Spain, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is 90 km from the capital of the province, Almería. It is an elevated mountain village displaying the traditional white colour from its earlier days. There is also a tourist resort to the south of the town, on the coast, called Mojacar Playa.
Akbaş arms depot raid
40°11′02″N 26°21′23″E﻿ / ﻿40.18389°N 26.35639°E﻿ / 40.18389; 26.35639

The Akbaş arms depot raid was one of the actions of the Kuva-yi Milliye during the Turkish War of Independence. Led by the militia leader Köprülü Hamdi Bey and Dramalı Rıza Bey, the raid was conducted on the night of 26–27 January 1920.

Anzavur Ahmed Pasha
Anzavur Ahmed Anchok Pasha (Adyghe: Анцокъу Ахьмэд Анзауыр Пащэ, romanized: Antsoqw Ahməd Anzawır Paşə; Turkish: Ahmet Anzavur Paşa; 1885 – 15 April 1921) was an Ottoman soldier, gendarme officer, pasha, and militia leader of Circassian origin. He became a guerrilla leader in Anatolia and started a series of unsuccessful revolts against the provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly.
Ice Rain (film)
Ice Rain (Korean: 빙우; RR: Bingu) is a 2004 South Korean romance drama film starring Lee Sung-jae, Song Seung-heon and Kim Ha-neul. Co-written and directed by first-time director Kim Eun-sook, it tells the story of two mountaineers stranded on a climb to Mount Asiaq in Alaska. While waiting out the storm, they share stories of the women that changed their lives, not knowing how closely connected they actually are.

Asiaq
In Inuit mythology, Asiaq is a weather goddess (or, more rarely a god) and was quite frequently invoked by the Angakoq for good weather, for instance if spring was late it was important to content her and make sure she would send rain and melt the ice.

In Greenland, she is the mother of weather, who decides the quantity and the time for snow to fall.

Asiaq is also the eponym of Asiaq Greenland Survey, a research institute in Nuuk.
2020 Oklahoma Republican presidential primary
The 2020 Oklahoma Republican presidential primary took place on March 3, 2020, as one of fourteen contests scheduled for Super Tuesday in the Republican Party presidential primaries for the 2020 presidential election.

Incumbent United States president Donald Trump was challenged by five candidates: businessman and perennial candidate Rocky De La Fuente of California, entrepreneur and investor Bob Ely of Massachusetts, entrepreneur and attorney Matthew Matern of Louisiana, transhumanist activist Zoltan Istvan of California, and former congressman Joe Walsh of Illinois. Oklahoma was the only contested Super Tuesday state where former governor Bill Weld of Massachusetts was not on the ballot. Walsh withdrew from the race prior to the primary.

Rocky De La Fuente
Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente Guerra (born October 10, 1954) is an American businessman who has sought elected office. A perennial candidate, De La Fuente was the Reform Party nominee in the 2016 and 2020 United States presidential elections; he also appeared on his own American Delta Party's presidential ticket in 2016, and on those of the Alliance Party and American Independent Party in 2020.

De La Fuente unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2016, and the Republican nomination in 2020. He has also run for Congress numerous times, losing primaries for United States Senate in nine states simultaneously in 2018. He also lost the March 2020 primary for the U.S. House of Representatives seat for California's 21st congressional district. He has campaigned as a critic of President Donald Trump's immigration policies.
Buff-banded rail
The buff-banded rail (Gallirallus philippensis) is a distinctively coloured, highly dispersive, medium-sized rail of the rail family, Rallidae. This species comprises several subspecies found throughout much of Australasia and the south-west Pacific region, including the Philippines (where it is known as tikling), New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand (where it is known as the banded rail, or moho-pererū in Māori), and numerous smaller islands, covering a range of latitudes from the tropics to the subantarctic. The species was formerly placed in the genus Hypotaenidia.

Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the central and eastern parts of the group, and Palau at the extreme western end. Historically, this area was also called Nuevas Filipinas or New Philippines, because they were part of the Spanish East Indies and were governed from Manila in the Philippines.

The Carolines are scattered across a distance of approximately 3,540 kilometres (2,200 mi; 1,910 nmi), from the westernmost island, Tobi, in Palau, to the easternmost island, Kosrae, a state of the FSM.
MTV Video Music Awards Latinoamérica 2003
The second annual MTV Video Music Awards Latinoamérica 2003 took place on October 23, 2003, in Miami at the Jackie Gleason Theater for the second time in a row.

Diego Luna hosted the awards alone for the first time. He previously co-hosted the 2002 edition.

La Ley (band)
La Ley (Spanish for 'The Law'; pronounced [la ˈlej]) were a Chilean rock band formed by Andrés Bobe, Rodrigo Aboitiz, Luciano Rojas and Mauricio Claveria with Beto Cuevas. The band has won one Grammy Award, two Latin Grammy Awards, three Lo Nuestro Awards and three Premios MTV Latinoamérica.

La Ley has released eight studio albums, sixteen compilation albums, two EPs, thirty-one music videos, four video albums, one live album, one double format album, one soundtrack and thirty single albums.
History of Wyoming
There is evidence of prehistoric human habitation in the region known today as the U.S. state of Wyoming stretching back roughly 13,000 years. Stone projectile points associated with the Clovis, Folsom and Plano cultures have been discovered throughout Wyoming. Evidence from what is now Yellowstone National Park indicates the presence of vast continental trading networks since around 1,000 years ago.

The Union Pacific Railroad played a central role in the European colonization of the area. Wyoming would become a U.S. territory in 1868. It was the first state to grant women the right to vote in 1869 (although it was then still a territory). Wyoming would become a U.S. state on July 10, 1890, as the 44th state.

South Pass (Wyoming)
South Pass (elevation 7,412 ft (2,259 m) and 7,550 ft (2,300 m)) is a route across the Continental Divide, in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Wyoming. It lies in a broad high region, 35 miles (56 km) wide, between the nearly 14,000 ft (4,300 m) Wind River Range to the north and the over 8,500 ft (2,600 m) Oregon Buttes and arid, saline near-impassable Great Divide Basin to the south.  The Pass lies in southwestern Fremont County, approximately 35 miles (56 km) SSW of Lander.

Though it approaches a mile and a half high, South Pass is the lowest point on the Continental Divide between the Central and Southern Rocky Mountains. The passes furnish a natural crossing point of the Rockies. The historic pass became the route for emigrants on the Oregon, California, and Mormon trails to the West during the 19th century. It was designated as a U.S. National Historic Landmark on January 20, 1961.
Winthrop Ballpark
Founders Field, formerly Winthrop Ballpark, is a baseball venue in Rock Hill, South Carolina. It is home to the Winthrop Eagles baseball team of the NCAA Division I Big South Conference.  The venue has a capacity of 1,989 spectators.

Rock Hill, South Carolina
Rock Hill is the most populous city in York County, South Carolina, United States, and the 5th-most populous city in the state. It is also the 4th-most populous city of the Charlotte metropolitan area, behind Charlotte, Concord, and Gastonia (all located in North Carolina). As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 74,372.

The city is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Charlotte and approximately 70 miles (110 km) north of Columbia.

Rock Hill offers scenic riverfront views along the Catawba River and is home to numerous nature trails, restaurants, and thirty-one parks which are used for both national and local events. Its historic downtown consist of twelve contiguous buildings built as early as 1840 offering dining and retail options. The city is also home to three colleges, including Winthrop University, a public liberal arts university founded in 1886 which enrolls nearly 6,000 students annually.
Pemtumomab
Pemtumomab (trade name Theragyn) is a mouse monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer. The substance has affinity to various types of cancer, like ovarian cancer and peritoneal cancer, via the polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM or MUC-1) and delivers the radioisotope Yttrium-90 into the tumour. As of 2009, it is undergoing Phase III clinical trials.

It has been granted orphan drug status in Europe.

Primary peritoneal carcinoma
Primary peritoneal cancer or carcinoma is also known as serous surface papillary carcinoma, primary peritoneal carcinoma, extra-ovarian serous carcinoma, primary serous papillary carcinoma, and psammomacarcinoma. It was historically classified under "carcinoma of unknown primary" (CUP). Primary peritoneal cancer (PPC, or PPCa) is a cancer of the cells lining the peritoneum, or abdominal cavity. It usually affects women and is diagnosed after the age of 60; it very rarely affects men.

Histomorphological and molecular biological characteristics suggest that serous carcinomas, which include ovarian serous carcinoma, uterine serous carcinoma, fallopian tube serous carcinoma, cervical serous carcinoma, and primary peritoneal serous carcinoma really represent one entity.
Zachary Selden
Zachary Selden is an American educator, author, and diplomat who served as the Deputy Secretary General for Policy at the NATO Parliamentary Assembly from 2008 to 2011. Selden is now an associate professor at the University of Florida.

Selden has also worked as an analyst in the Congressional Budget Office and as the Director of Defense and Security Committee of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.

Selden is an author on American national security, European affairs, and NATO. Selden has been a researcher and commentator on NATO expansion during different parts of his career. Selden has commented or been interviewed in different outlets across the United States and Europe on NATO expansion since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Congressional Budget Office
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides budget and economic information to Congress. It is headquartered at the Ford House Office Building in Washington, DC. Inspired by California's Legislative Analyst's Office that manages the state budget in a strictly nonpartisan fashion, the CBO was created as a nonpartisan agency by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.

Whereas politicians on both sides of the aisle have criticized the CBO when its estimates have been politically inconvenient, economists and other academics overwhelmingly reject that the CBO is partisan or that it fails to produce credible forecasts. There is a consensus among economists that "adjusting for legal restrictions on what the CBO can assume about future legislation and events, the CBO has historically issued credible forecasts of the effects of both Democratic and Republican legislative proposals."
John Curtin School of Medical Research
The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR) is an Australian multidisciplinary translational medical research institute and postgraduate education centre that forms part of the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra. The school was founded in 1948 as a result of the vision of Nobel Laureate Sir Howard Florey and was named in honour of Australia's World War II Prime Minister John Curtin, who had died in office a few years earlier.

In addition to Florey, Sir John Eccles AC, FRS, FAA (1963), Peter Doherty AC, FRS and Rolf M. Zinkernagel AC, FAA (1996), were Nobel Laureates as a result of research conducted at the JCSMR. Other notable researchers include Gordon Ada AO, FAA, Frank Fenner AC, CMG, MBE, FRS, FAA, Sir Hugh Ennor CBE, David Roderick Curtis AC, FRACP, FAA, FRS and Chris Goodnow FRS, FAA.

The JCSMR comprises three divisions: the Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, and the Eccles Institute of Neuroscience.

Translational medicine
Translational medicine (often called translational science, of which it is a form) develops the clinical practice applications of the basic science aspects of the biomedical sciences; that is, it translates basic science to applied science in medical practice. It is defined by the European Society for Translational Medicine as "an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field supported by three main pillars: benchside, bedside, and community". The goal of translational medicine is to combine disciplines, resources, expertise, and techniques within these pillars to promote enhancements in prevention, diagnosis, and therapies. Accordingly, translational medicine is a highly interdisciplinary field, the primary goal of which is to coalesce assets of various natures within the individual pillars in order to improve the global healthcare system significantly.
Embrace the Gutter
Embrace the Gutter is the second studio album by Florida metal band The Autumn Offering. It is the last album to feature original vocalist Dennis Miller and original bassist Sean Robbins. After extensive touring alongside bands SOiL and Mushroomhead, The Autumn Offering's second full-length feature has been said to have sold over 15,000 copies in the U.S.

Mushroomhead
Mushroomhead is an American heavy metal band from Cleveland, Ohio. Formed in 1993 in the Cleveland Warehouse District, the band is known for their avant-garde sound and horror film-inspired imagery which features masks and costumes as well as their unique live shows usually performed at smaller venues.

Since the band's formation, Mushroomhead has experienced numerous lineup changes, with water drummer, keyboardist, DJ and visual designer Steve "Skinny" Felton being the sole consistent member. Other members include vocalists Steve Rauckhorst, Jackie LaPonza and Scott "Strike" Beck, guitarists Dave "Gravy" Felton and Joe "Jenkins" Gaal, bassist/keyboardist Ryan "Dr. F" Farrell, drummer Aydin Kerr, and water drummers Jordan Gannon and Simon Kanaris. Previous vocalists include Jeffrey Nothing, Jason "J Mann" Popson and Waylon Reavis.