hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gladiolus × colvillii
Gladiolus × colvillii, the scarlet gladiolus, is a hybrid Gladiolus cultigen.

The original Gladiolus × colvillii was bred by the nurseryman James Colville of Chelsea, London from the southern African species G. tristis and G. cardinalis and first described in 1823; it is still cultivated. It has deep pink flowers with a cream stripe on each of the lower three tepals.

In 1826 James Colville put on sale a white form with pale pink anthers known as G. colvillii alba. In 1871, a completely white sport with the same parentage was described: G. colvillii 'The Bride'. This cultivar is still available commercially today under the same name.

The Colvillei group of Gladiolus now includes many small (to about 40 cm tall) spring-flowering  cultivars with flowers from white to pink or orange-red. Some are likely to have other southern African species such as G. carneus in their ancestry.

Mutant
In biology, and especially in genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome or chromosome of an organism. It is a characteristic that would not be observed naturally in a specimen. The term mutant is also applied to a virus with an alteration in its nucleotide sequence whose genome is in the nuclear genome. The natural occurrence of genetic mutations is integral to the process of evolution. The study of mutants is an integral part of biology; by understanding the effect that a mutation in a gene has, it is possible to establish the normal function of that gene.
Spacer (self-storage)
Spacer is an online marketplace for self storage, founded in 2015 and based in Sydney. Spacer allows people to rent excess space to other people. Spacer has similar features to Airbnb and ride-sharing apps.

In 2017, Spacer acquired US-based company Roost Shared Storage, a similar online marketplace, as well as its competitor Parkhound.

Airbnb
Airbnb, Inc. (/ˌɛərbiːɛnˈbiː/ AIR-bee-en-BEE, an abbreviation of its original name, "Airbed and Breakfast") is an American company operating an online marketplace for short-and-long-term homestays, experiences and services in various countries and regions. It acts as a broker and charges a commission from each booking. Airbnb was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia.
EMM (drug)
EMM, also known as 2-ethoxy-4,5-dimethoxyamphetamine or as TMA2-2-EtO, is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families related to the psychedelic drug TMA-2. It is the analogue of TMA-2 in which the methoxy group at the 2 position has been replaced with an ethoxy group. In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and other publications, Alexander Shulgin lists EMM's dose as greater than 50 mg orally and its duration as unknown. The drug produced no effects at doses of up to 50 mg. Higher doses were not tested. The chemical synthesis of EMM has been described. EMM was first described in the scientific literature by Shulgin in 1968. Subsequently, it was described in greater detail by Shulgin in PiHKAL in 1991.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Ken Nelson (businessman)
Kenneth John Nelson (born 23 February 1962) is the chief executive of the social enterprise Local Enterprise Development Company Ltd (LEDCOM), Larne, Northern Ireland. He began his career as a textile technologist. In 2010, he was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise Promotion. He has served on the board of governors of Ballymena Academy and on the board of governors of the Northern Regional College. On 15 September 2011 he was one of the experts who provided the Committee for Enterprise, Trade and Investment of the Northern Ireland Assembly with oral briefing on Enterprise NI programmes, Local Enterprise Agencies (LEAs) and procurement.

In 2012 Nelson was appointed to a five-year term on the board of Invest Northern Ireland. In 2016 he was appointed as chairman of Intertrade Ireland, a cross-border trade initiative founded as part of the Good Friday Agreement.

Committee for the Economy
The Committee for the Economy is a Northern Ireland Assembly committee established to advise, assist and scrutinise the work of the Department for the Economy and Minister for the Economy (currently Caoimhe Archibald). The committee also plays a key role in the consultation, consideration and development of new legislation.

Until 2016, the committee was called the Committee for Enterprise, Trade and Investment.
Regli
Regli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Laura Gore (1918–1957; born Laura Emilia Regli), Italian actress

Francesco Regli (1802–1866), Italian writer

Luca Regli (born 1962), Swiss neurosurgeon

Francesco Regli
Francesco Regli (1802–1866) was an Italian writer best known today for his extensive biographical dictionary which chronicled the lives and careers of prominent figures in the performing arts in Italy from 1800 to 1860. Described as a "polygraph", Regli was also a poet, novelist, librettist, orator, theatre critic, and journalist. He was the founder and managing editor of several prominent journals of the time, including Il Pirata and Strenna Teatrale Europea.
Abiathar (name)
Abiathar  (Hebrew: אֶבְיָתָר, pronounced [ʔɛvjɔːˈθɔːr] ’Eḇyāṯār, "the father is great"), also spelled Eviatar or Evyatar pronounced [ʔevjaˈtaʁ] in Modern Hebrew, is a High Priest described in the Bible.

Later notable people with the name include:

Abiathar
Abiathar (Hebrew: אֶבְיָתָר ʾEḇyāṯār, "father (of) abundance"/"abundant father"), in the Hebrew Bible, is a son of Ahimelech or Ahijah, High Priest at Nob, the fourth in descent from Eli and the last of Eli's House to be a High Priest.
HK Prizma Riga
HK Prizma Riga/IHS is a professional ice hockey team in Riga, Latvia. The team competes in the Latvian Hockey Higher League, the top tier of ice hockey in Latvia. The team plays its home games at the Volvo Sports Centre. HK Prizma previously played in both the Eastern European Hockey League and the MHL B.

Kaspars Daugaviņš
Kaspars Daugaviņš (born May 18, 1988) is a Latvian professional ice hockey player who is a forward for EC Kassel Huskies of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga 2. Daugaviņš has played professionally in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Ottawa Senators and Boston Bruins. The Senators selected him in the third round, 91st overall, in the 2006 NHL entry draft.
Sitting on a man
Sitting on a man refers to an Igbo method of public shaming, often employed by women, involving the assembly at a man's hut or workplace to express grievances through dance, song, and symbolic acts such as pounding walls or removing roof thatching. This custom, also known as "making war on a man," was practiced against men and women alike, serving as a means of resistance and preserving social and political equilibrium during pre-colonial times.

Public humiliation
Public humiliation or public shaming is a form of punishment whose main feature is dishonoring or disgracing a person, usually an offender or a prisoner, especially in a public place. It was regularly used as a form of judicially sanctioned punishment in previous centuries, and is still practiced by different means (e.g. schools) in the modern era.

In the United States, it was a common punishment from the beginning of European colonization through the 19th century. It fell out of common use in the 20th century, though it has seen a revival starting in the 1990s. With the rise of social media, public shaming moved to the digital sphere, exposing and humiliating people daily, sometimes without their knowledge.
Milton Creek Country Park
Milton Creek Country Park is situated in 128 acres between Milton Regis and Kemsley, on the west bank of Milton Creek in Sittingbourne, Kent, England. 
This site was once called Church Marshes Country Park.

Thames Gateway
Thames Gateway is a term applied to an area around the Thames Estuary in the context of discourse around regeneration and further urbanisation. The term was first coined by the UK government and applies to an area of land stretching 70 kilometres (43 mi) east from inner east and south-east London on both sides of the River Thames and the Thames Estuary. It stretches from Westferry in Tower Hamlets to the Isle of Sheppey/Southend-on-Sea and extends across three ceremonial counties.
Say I
"Say I" is a song by American singer Christina Milian. It was written by Jazmine Sullivan, Jay Jenkins (at the time Young Jeezy, now simply known as Jeezy), Andre Lyon, and Marcello Valenzano and produced by Lyon and Valenzano under their production moniker Cool & Dre for her third studio album So Amazin' (2006). The song features additional vocals by Jeezy and is built around a sample of "Clean Up Your Own Yard" (1973) by American soul singer Jackie Moore. Due to the inclusion of the sample, its writers Bunny Sigler and Phil Hurtt are also credited as songwriters.

The song was released by Island Def Jam as the album's lead single in February 2006. It reached the top five in the Wallonian region of Belgium, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, and peaked at number 21 on the US Billboard Hot 100. An accompanying music video, directed by Ray Kay, was filmed in Los Angeles in February 2006. The official remix of "Say I" features rapper Juelz Santana.

Phil Hurtt
Phil Hurtt (born April 12, 1942) is a musician, singer, songwriter and arranger who has written hits for The Detroit Spinners, The Ritchie Family and many others. His compositions have been recorded by many artists and he has worked as an arranger on recordings by well-known artists in the Soul genre.
Yuval Peres
Yuval Peres (Hebrew: יובל פרס; born 5 October 1963) is an Israeli mathematician best known for his research in probability theory, ergodic theory, mathematical analysis, theoretical computer science, and in particular for topics such as fractals and Hausdorff measure, random walks, Brownian motion, percolation and Markov chain mixing times. Peres has been accused of sexual harassment by several female scientists.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
International Max Planck Research School for Evolutionary Biology
The International Max Planck Research School for Evolutionary Biology (IMPRS Evolbio) is an international PhD program in Germany dedicated to research and training in Evolutionary Biology. It is one of the top locations in the area of evolutionary and biological research in Germany. It developed as the result of a joint program between the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Plön, the Christian Albrechts University and the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research (GEOMAR) in Kiel.

It was founded in 2010 and it is the only IMPRS in the Northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein.
The study program includes, among other topics: Experimental Evolution, Molecular Evolution, Behavioral Biology, Evolutionary Theory, Mathematical Modelling and Organism Evolution.

Each year, 10 to 15 students are selected to enroll the program and to join one of the over 30 research groups involved during the three-year graduate education.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering neuroscience as it pertains to the processes of learning and memory. It was established in 1968 as Communications in Behavioral Biology Part A. It was renamed 
to Behavioral Biology in 1972, to Behavioral and Neural Biology in 1979, and to its current title in 1995. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Ted Abel (University of Iowa). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.244.
Bob Christian (American football)
Robert Douglas Christian (born November 14, 1968) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Bears, Carolina Panthers, and Atlanta Falcons from 1992 to 2002. He played college football for the Northwestern Wildcats and was selected by the Falcons in the 12th round of the 1991 NFL draft. He was also selected by the Carolina Panthers in the 1995 NFL expansion draft.

1991 NFL draft
The 1991 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 21–22, 1991, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams elected to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year.

The first six selections of the draft were defensive players, the most in draft history. It began with the Dallas Cowboys using the first overall pick to select Russell Maryland. No previous draft had begun with more than three consecutive defensive picks.

The day of the draft, wide receiver and projected number one pick Raghib Ismail signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was nevertheless selected by the Los Angeles Raiders in the fourth round (100th overall), and began playing with the Raiders in 1993 after two CFL seasons.
Joey (Bob Dylan song)
"Joey" is an epic story-song from Bob Dylan's 1975 album Desire. It was written by Dylan and Jacques Levy, who collaborated with Dylan on most of the songs on the album. Like another long song on the album, "Hurricane", "Joey" is biographical. It tells the story of the life and death of mobster Joey Gallo, who was killed on his birthday at Umberto's Clam House in Little Italy, on April 7, 1972. The song was produced by Don DeVito.

Little Italy, Manhattan
Little Italy is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan in New York City, once known for its Italian American population. It is bounded on the west by Tribeca and Soho, on the south by Chinatown, on the east by the Bowery and Lower East Side, and on the north by Nolita.
Postage stamps and postal history of Sharjah
Civil mail from Sharjah went through the post office in Dubai until 1963. Military mail from the British Forces stationed in the area went through the RAF airport in Sharjah.

On 10 July 1963, Sharjah opened its own post office and began to issue its stamps and postal stationery under the name of Sharjah & Dependencies (which included Kalba, Khor Fakkan, and Dibba). There were also unauthorized overprints using Hamriyah, a frequently secessionist coastal town but officially subject to Sharjah and which never gained recognition as a Trucial State in its own right.

Sharjah and its dependencies joined the United Arab Emirates on 2 December 1971, but continued to issue its own stamps. On 31 July 1972, the UAE assumed full postal responsibilities. Nevertheless, Sharjah continued to use its own stamps until the issuance of the first UAE definitive series on 1 January 1973. Covers with mixed UAE and Sharjah frankings are known.

Cover (philately)
In philately, the term cover pertains to the outside of an envelope or package with an address, typically with postage stamps that have been cancelled and is a term generally used among stamp and postal history collectors. The term does not include the contents of the letter or package, although they may add interest to the item if still present. Cover collecting plays an important role in postal history as many covers bear stamps, postmarks and other markings along with names and addresses all of which help to place a cover at a given time and place in history.
Michael Yama
Michael Yama (November 14, 1943 – July 30, 2020) was an American actor who regularly voiced for GI Joe. His credits included The X-Files, Just Shoot Me and Lois & Clark, and he starred on Betty White's Off Their Rockers. Prior to his death on July 30, 2020, he had worked in theater for over 38 years.

Just Shoot Me!
Just Shoot Me! is an American sitcom television series originally aired on NBC from March 4, 1997, to August 16, 2003, and later in syndication from November 24 to November 26, 2003, with a total of 145 half-hour episodes spanning seven seasons, including 3 episodes aired on syndication. The show, created by Steven Levitan, one of the show's executive producers, is set in the office of a fictional fashion magazine called Blush, comparable to the real-life magazine Vogue. The show's story revolves around several staff members at the magazine, including Jack Gallo, the owner and publisher; his daughter Maya, a writer for the magazine; secretary Finch; former model and now-fashion correspondent Nina; and photographer Elliot.
Bangs High School
Bangs High School is a public high school located in Bangs, Texas, and classified as a 2A school by the UIL. It is part of the Bangs Independent School District located in western Brown County. For the 2024-2025 school year, the school was given a "C" by the Texas Education Agency.

Brown County, Texas
Brown County is a county in central Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,095. Its county seat is Brownwood. The county was founded in 1856 and organized in 1858. It is named for Henry Stevenson Brown, a commander at the Battle of Velasco, an early conflict between Texans and Mexicans. The Brownwood, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Brown County.
Sigma 30mm F1.4 DC DN
The Sigma 30mm F1.4 DC DN Contemporary lens is a fixed maximum aperture standard prime lens for Sony E, Micro Four-Thirds, Canon EF-M, Canon RF-S and Leica L mounts, announced by Sigma in February 2016.

The lens is the mirrorless equivalent of the Sigma 30mm f/1.4 EX DC HSM, a similar lens of a different optical formula optimized for traditional mirror DSLRs.

Prime lens
In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system.
Confusion between these two meanings can occur without clarifying context. Alternate terms, such as primary focal length, fixed focal length, or FFL are sometimes used to avoid ambiguity.
The Boardwalks
The Boardwalks is a 7.8 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Peterborough in Cambridgeshire. It is owned and managed by Peterborough City Council.

The site runs along the north bank of the River Nene. It has ponds with water beetles, toads, Great Crested Newts and smooth newts. Bats nest in large willows, and birds include herons and woodpeckers.

The area is accessible by a trail from the road known as Thorpe Meadows as well as one that runs beside the north bank of the River Nene (starting at a footbridge over a water channel south of Water End).

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
2017 Indonesia President's Cup
2017 Indonesia President's Cup (Indonesian: Piala Presiden 2017) was the second edition of the Indonesia President's Cup football championship, which was held by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The tournament was held from 4 February to 12 March 2017. In the 2015 edition, Mahaka Sports and Entertainment designated as operator of the championship; this year's edition was held up by the control of the PSSI. This championship became a means of testing the new league rules by PSSI before being used in Liga 1 in April 2017. The broadcasting rights were granted to two television stations under Elang Mahkota Teknologi group, namely Indosiar and SCTV.

Kanjuruhan Stadium
Kanjuruhan Stadium (Indonesian: Stadion Kanjuruhan) is a multi-purpose stadium in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It was primarily used for football matches. The stadium held 21,603 spectators. It was the home ground of Arema, a football team in Liga 1, together with Persekam Metro Kabupaten Malang of the Liga 3. It was named after the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan, an 8th-century Hindu kingdom in present-day Malang.
Parochialstrasse in Berlin
Parochialstrasse in Berlin is the title of a series of similar paintings by German artist Eduard Gaertner. Done in oil on canvas, the compositions depict the rapidly-industrializing urban landscape of 1830s Berlin, then the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. The work shows people going about their day, street dogs, and the central street culminates in the Nikolaikirche, Berlin's oldest church. The paintings also show the crossing of Parochialstraße with Jüdenstraße. Three compositions were produced; one is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, one was destroyed in World War II, and one is in the collection of the Nationalgalerie in Berlin.

National Gallery (Berlin)
The National Gallery (German: Nationalgalerie) in Berlin, Germany, is a museum for art of the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. It is part of the Berlin State Museums. From the Alte Nationalgalerie, which was built for it and opened in 1876, its exhibition space has expanded to include five other locations.  The museums are part of the Berlin State Museums, owned by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation.
Bott cannibalistic class
In mathematics, the Bott cannibalistic class, introduced by Raoul Bott (1962), is an  element  of the representation ring of a compact Lie group that describes the action of the Adams operation  on the Thom class  of a complex representation . The term "cannibalistic" for these classes was introduced by Frank Adams.

Adams operation
In mathematics, an Adams operation, denoted ψk for natural numbers k,  is a cohomology operation in topological K-theory, or any allied operation in algebraic K-theory or other types of algebraic construction, defined on a pattern introduced by Frank Adams. The basic idea is to implement some fundamental identities in symmetric function theory, at the level of vector bundles or other representing object in more abstract theories.

Adams operations can be defined more generally in any λ-ring.