hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act of 1939
Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act of 1939, 50 USC § 98, is a United States federal law establishing strategic materials supply reserves for the United States common defense, industrial demands, and military commitments. The Act of Congress authorize the acquisition of raw material stocks for inventory disposition, rotation, and storage within the United States.

The Senate legislation was passed by the 76th Congressional session and enacted into law by the 32nd President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt on June 7, 1939.

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
For the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the United States presidential administration from 1933 to 1945, see:

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1941), first and second terms

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941–1945), third and fourth terms
Shahabuddin Ahmed (artist)
Shahabuddin Ahmed (born 11 September 1950) is a Bangladeshi painter. He was awarded the Chevalier De L'ordre Des Arts Et Des Lettres (Knight in the Order of Fine Arts and Humanities) by the Ministry of Cultural Affair and Communication of France in 2014. He was the recipient of Independence Day Award by the Government of Bangladesh in 2000. His paintings are displayed in galleries like Olympic Museum, Lausanne, Switzerland, Municipal Museum of Bourg-en-Bresse, France, Seoul Olympic Museum, South Korea, the National Taiwan Museum and Bangladesh National Museum.

Seoul Olympic Museum
The Seoul Olympic Museum is a museum dedicated to the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. The museum was closed due to renovation from July 2018. The reopening date has been moved back several times. It was announced in February 2023 that it would be closed until 2026.
How It's Got to Be
"How It's Got to Be" is a song by German recording artist Jeanette. Built around Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Act 2, Scene 10: Moderato" from his ballet Swan Lake (1875–76), it was written by Biedermann and Kristina Bach and produced by Cobra for her second studio album Delicious (2001). Released as the album's first single, it peaked at number seven on the German Singles Chart, reaching gold status. In addition, it peaked at number 22 in both Austria and Switzerland.

Bundesverband Musikindustrie
The Bundesverband Musikindustrie (English: Federal Music Industry Association), or simply BVMI, represents the music industry in Germany. The association represents the interests of nearly 280 labels and music industry related enterprises, which comprise 90% of the music industry. It is a member of the London-based International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), consisting of music associations of 70 countries.

BVMI works closely with GfK Entertainment (formerly Media Control GfK International, founded in 1976) which is in charge of publishing the music charts in Germany on weekly bases. BVMI, which is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum awards, is led by Florian Drücke, who succeeded Dieter Gorny as chairman in 2017.
Polyvinyl butyral
Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin mostly used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, toughness and flexibility.  It is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde.  The major application is laminated safety glass for automobile windshields.  Trade names for PVB-films include KB PVB, GUTMANN PVB, Saflex, GlasNovations, Butacite, WINLITE, S-Lec, Trosifol and EVERLAM. PVB is also available as 3D printer filament that is stronger and more heat resistant than polylactic acid (PLA).

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
Marcus Porcius Cato (consul 36)
Marcus Porcius Cato was a Roman senator active during the Principate. He was suffect consul in the latter half of AD 36 as the colleague of Gaius Vettius Rufus. Although he shares the identical name of several members of the Republican Porcii, Ronald Syme expressed reservations that he is related to that famed family. Stephen Dyson has cataloged 56 people living in the provinces of Roman Spain who took on the gentilicium "Porcius", who were either clientes or descendants of clientes of Cato the Elder while he was proconsul of Spain, which makes Syme's suspicions plausible.

Nomen gentilicium
The nomen gentilicium (Latin pronunciation: [ɡɛntiːˈlikiũ]; or simply nomen) was a hereditary name borne by the peoples of Roman Italy and later by the citizens of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. It was originally the name of one's gens (family or clan) by patrilineal descent. However, as Rome expanded its frontiers and non-Roman peoples were progressively granted citizenship and concomitant nomen, the latter lost its value in indicating patrilineal ancestry.

For men, the nomen was the middle of the tria nomina ("three names"), after the praenomen and before the cognomen. For women, the nomen was often the only name used until the late Republic. For example, three members of gens Julia were Gaius Julius Caesar and his sisters Julia Major and Julia Minor ("Julia the elder" and "Julia the younger").
Acoustic (Britt Nicole EP)
Acoustic is the third extended play by Christian pop recording artist Britt Nicole. It includes five acoustic versions of previous songs and a brand new song entitled "Found By You", co-written by Brandon Heath. It debuted at No. 22 on Billboard's Hot Christian Albums chart, which is her second highest entry to date.

Top Christian Albums
Top Christian Albums is a weekly chart published in Billboard magazine that ranks the best-performing Christian albums in the United States. Like the Billboard 200, the data is compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as on-demand streaming and digital sales of its individual tracks. The chart was introduced on the magazine issue dated March 29, 1980, under the title "Best Selling Inspirational LPs". The current name was adopted on August 16, 2003, in an effort to "streamline" chart titles. The first number-one album was Candle's Music Machine. Amy Grant's Age to Age, released in 1982, topped the chart for 85 consecutive weeks, the longest for any album on the chart.

The current number-one album on the chart is Child of God II by Forrest Frank.
Rukenya Dam
The Rukenya Dam, also known as Thiba Dam, is a dam in Rukenya, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. As of January 2020, it is still under construction. The dam will be 40 meters (130 ft) high and 1 km wide, and its reservoir will occupy at least 542 acres of land, with a water storage capacity of 15 million cubic meters.

The dam’s primary purpose is to increase the land under irrigation in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme. The project will be funded by the Government of Kenya in partnership with the Japan International Cooperation Agency. The cabinet proposed the construction of the dam as a Vision 2030 project.

Construction began in September 2016, but was suspended in October 2019 due to a lack of funding. Works resumed in January 2020 thanks to a new $6 million release. The construction of the dam was completed in March 2022, following significant progress in addressing funding delays and land disputes that had temporarily stalled the project.

Kirinyaga County
Kirinyaga County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya  in the Mount Kenya region of Kenya, south of Mount Kenya. Its capital is Kutus and its largest town is Wanguru. In 2019, the county had a population of 610,411 people and has an area of 1,478.1 km2. The county is bordered to the east and south by Embu County, to the south by a tiny part of Machakos County, to the southwest by Murang'a County and to the northwest by Nyeri County.

Kirinyaga County lies between 1158m and 5199m above sea level; its highest point is the summit of Mount Kenya.

Kirinyaga County's governor is Anne Waiguru, who was elected for her first term in 2017, succeeding Joseph Ndathi. She was re-elected in 2022.
Spira (name)
Spira is a surname with a variety of origins. In Germany, the surname Spira is a form of Speyer, the name of a town in the Rhineland.

The surname found particular historical significance among the Jewish communities of Central and Eastern Europe, with many notable Rabbis claiming this name. The Spira family directly descends from 11th century rabbi Rashi, and therefore is in the Davidic line. Additionally, the Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hassidic Judaism, is said to have claimed that the Spira family is one of three pure lineages of among the Jewish nation (being Israelites), the others being the Horowitz family (who are Levites) and the Rappaport family (who are Kohanim).

Other forms of the name include Spiro, Shapira, and Shapiro.

Notable people with this name include:

Horowitz family
The Horowitz family (Hebrew: הוֹרוֹביץ, Yiddish: האָראָװיץ) is a prominent Ashkenazi Levitical rabbinic family that is widely acknowledged for its ancient and well-chronicled Levitical pedigree. The family chiefly descends from Rabbi Joseph HaLevi, who settled in Hořovice, Bohemia, (German: Horschowitz or Horowitz) in 1391 and adopted the surname "Ish-Horowitz" (lit. 'Man of Horowitz').

From the 16th century and onward, the family dominated the Prague community and formed marriage alliances with other prestigious families. They later spread out to Eastern European communities, and produced numerous rabbis and communal leaders. Following the rise of the Haskalah, the family produced several writers of the Enlightenment, scholars, musicians, and scientists.
Yekaterinovsky, Adygea
Yekaterinovsky (Russian: Екатериновский; Adyghe: Екатериновскэр) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Sergiyevskoye Rural Settlement of Giaginsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population was 141 as of 2018. There are 3 streets.

Giaginsky District
Giaginsky District (Russian: Гиаги́нский райо́н, romanized: Giaginsky rayon; Adyghe: Джэджэ къедзыгъо, romanized: Ǯʼăǯʼă qedzəġo) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the seven in the Republic of Adygea, Russia. It is located in the northern central portion of the republic and borders with Shovgenovsky District in the north, Koshekhablsky District in the east and northeast, Mostovsky District of Krasnodar Krai in the southeast, Maykopsky District in the south, and with Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai in the west. The area of the district is 756.54 square kilometers (292.10 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Giaginskaya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,766, with the population of Giaginskaya accounting for 44.5% of that number.
Palaeeudyptes klekowskii
Palaeeudyptes klekowskii is an extinct species of the penguin genus Palaeeudyptes. It was previously thought to have been approximately the size of its congener Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, somewhat larger than the modern emperor penguin, but a 2014 study showed it was in fact almost twice as tall, earning it the nickname “Mega Penguin”. Its maximum length is estimated to be up to 2 meters (6.6 ft) and maximum body mass up to 116 kg (256 lb). Knowledge of it comes from an extensive collection of fossil bones from the Late Eocene (34-37 MYA) of the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica. P. klekowskii was at first not recognized as a distinct species, and despite the coexistence of two so closely related species of similar size as Palaeeudyptes gunnari and P. klekowskii seeming somewhat improbable, the amount of fossil material suggests that the two species are indeed diagnosably different.

La Meseta Formation
The La Meseta Formation is a sedimentary sequence deposited during much of the Paleogene on Seymour Island off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is noted for its fossils, which include both marine organisms and the only terrestrial vertebrate fossils from the Cenozoic of Antarctica.

In some treatments, the La Meseta Formation is restricted to just the older Thanetian to Lutetian-aged strata, with the younger Bartonian to Rupelian strata treated as the overlying Submeseta Formation. However, other papers instead treat the Submeseta Formation as an allomember of the La Meseta Formation.
Tindall Wood, Ditchingham
Tindall Wood, Ditchingham is a 42.2-hectare (104-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Ditchingham in Norfolk, England.

It is one of the largest hornbeam woods in Norfolk. It is ancient coppice with standards, and the standards are oak, ash and hornbeam, and there are several uncommon species in the ground flora.

The wood is private with no public access.

Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, known as the ash, or European ash or common ash to distinguish it from other types of ash, is a flowering plant species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is native throughout mainland Europe east to the Caucasus and Alborz mountains, and west to Great Britain and Ireland, the latter determining its western boundary. The northernmost location is in the Trondheimsfjord region of Norway. The species is widely cultivated and reportedly naturalised in New Zealand and in scattered locales in the United States and Canada. The wood has many uses as it is flexible, workable, strong and lightweight.
Piotr Gacek
Piotr Marcin Gacek (born 16 September 1978) is a former Polish volleyball player, member of the Poland men's national volleyball team in 2005–2010 and 2015–2016, 2009 European Champion, silver medallist of the 2006 World Championship, two–time Polish Champion (2009, 2010).

2006 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship
The 2006 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship was held in Japan from 17 November to 3 December 2006. Like the previous edition, 24 teams participated in the tournament. Brazil won the Tournament (retaining their championship title), defeating Poland 3:0 in the final match. Bulgaria placed 3rd, defeating Serbia and Montenegro 3:1 in the 3rd place match. The Polish team dedicated this achievement to the deceased Polish volleyball player Arkadiusz Gołaś. The team honored him at the award ceremony, when they wore T-shirts with the number 16 and the words "Golas".
Kenzo Fujisue
Kenzo Fujisue (藤末 健三, Fujisue Kenzō; born February 18, 1964) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, he graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology and received master's degrees from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University in the United States. He was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2004 when he left an assistant professorship at the University of Tokyo.

Kumamoto
Kumamoto (熊本市, Kumamoto-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, the city has an estimated population of 738,907 and a population density of 1,893 people per km2. The total area is 390.32 km2.

Greater Kumamoto (熊本都市圏) had a population of 1,461,000, as of the 2000 census. As of 2010, Kumamoto Metropolitan Employment Area has a GDP of US$39.8 billion. It is not considered part of the Fukuoka–Kitakyushu metropolitan area, despite their shared border. The city was designated on April 1, 2012, by government ordinance.
Ihorombe, Farafangana
Ihorombe is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Farafangana, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region; it is not located in the Ihorombe region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 13,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 9.6% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and coffee, while other important agricultural products are sugarcane, cassava and pepper. Services provide employment for 0.4% of the population.

Atsimo-Atsinanana
Atsimo-Atsinanana (South East) is a region in Madagascar. Its capital is Farafangana. The region used to be part of the Fianarantsoa Province.

The region extends along the southern part of the east coast of Madagascar. It is bordered by Fitovinany and Haute Matsiatra (North), Ihorombe (West) and Anosy (South).

The population was 1,026,674 in 2018. It is among the poorest regions in the country, with a poverty rate of 83.9% according to a 2005 government report.
Ford SAF
Ford France (formerly, Ford SAF, Ford Société Anonyme Française) is the French subsidiary of the American automaker Ford Motor Company, which existed as a manufacturer under various names between 1916 and 1954, when Ford sold the manufacturing business to Simca.

After 1954 the residuum was renamed "Ford France" and became an importer of models such as the British-built Ford Anglia and the West German-built Ford Taunus.

S.A. (corporation)
The abbreviation S.A. or SA designates a type of public limited company in certain countries, most of which have a Romance language as their official language and operate a derivative of the 1804, Napoleonic, civil law. Originally, shareholders could be anonymous and collect dividends by surrendering coupons attached to their share certificates. Dividends were paid to whoever held the certificate. Since share certificates could be transferred privately, corporate management would not necessarily know who owned its shares – nor did anyone but the holders.

As with bearer bonds, anonymous unregistered share ownership and dividend collection enabled money laundering, tax evasion, and concealed business transactions in general, so governments passed laws to audit the practice. Nowadays, shareholders of S.A.s are not anonymous, though shares can still be held by a holding company to obscure the beneficiary.
Austin Loadstar
The Austin Loadstar was a lorry produced by the British Austin Motor Company from 1949. It was Austin's first new lorry design after World War II and their last stand-alone design before Austin's merger with Morris Motors to form the British Motor Corporation (BMC). The Loadstar was a revised version of the Austin K2 and was offered in the UK, Australia, New Zealand and Scandinavia, partly again as the Austin K2 for the 2-tonne and as the Austin K4 for the 5-tonne payload variant. The Loadstar was powered by a six-cylinder petrol K-series engine from Austin, which generated an output of 125 bhp (93 kW) from a displacement of 3995 cc. Two different wheelbases with 2.9 and 4.0 meters were available. In the early 1950s, economic difficulties forced Austin and the Morris Motor Company to merge to form the British Motor Corporation. As a result, the Loadstar was replaced in 1956 by the Austin S201/401/501, which was also offered as the Morris WF by means of badge engineering.

British Motor Corporation
The British Motor Corporation Limited (BMC) was a UK-based vehicle manufacturer formed in early 1952 to give effect to an agreed merger of the Morris and Austin businesses.

BMC acquired the shares in Morris Motors and the Austin Motor Company. Morris Motors, the holding company of the productive businesses of the Nuffield Organization, owned MG, Riley, and Wolseley.

The agreed exchange of shares in Morris or Austin for shares in the new holding company, BMC, became effective in mid-April 1952.

In September 1965, BMC took control of its major supplier of bodies, Pressed Steel, acquiring Jaguar's body supplier in the process. In September 1966, BMC merged with Jaguar Cars. In December 1966, BMC changed its name to British Motor Holdings Limited (BMH).

BMH merged, in May 1968, with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, which made trucks and buses and owned both Standard-Triumph International Limited and the Rover Company to become British Leyland.
Dan Woog
Dan Woog is an American politician from Frederick, Colorado. A Republican, Woog represents Colorado House of Representatives District 19, which includes parts of Weld and Boulder counties in northcentral Colorado, including the municipalities of Erie, Frederick, Firestone, Dacono and a small part of Longmont. From 2021 to 2023, Woog represented House District 63, which included a large part of Weld County in northcentral Colorado.

Boulder County, Colorado
Boulder County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 330,758. The most populous municipality in the county and the county seat is Boulder. Boulder County comprises the Boulder, Colorado Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the 12-county Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Combined Statistical Area.
Base J
β-D-Glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil or base J is a hypermodified nucleobase found in the DNA of kinetoplastids including the human pathogenic trypanosomes. It was discovered in 1993, in the trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei and was the first hypermodified nucleobase found in eukaryotic DNA; it has since been found in other kinetoplastids, including Leishmania.
Within these organisms Base J acts as a RNA polymerase II transcription terminator, with its removal in knockout cells being accompanied by a massive read-through at RNA polymerase II termination sites, which ultimately proves lethal to the cell.

Base J is formed by the initial hydroxylation of thymidine and the subsequent glycosylation by an as yet unidentified glycosyltransferase.

Trypanosomatida
Trypanosomatida is a group of kinetoplastid unicellular organisms distinguished by having only a single flagellum. The name is derived from the Greek trypano (borer) and soma (body) because of the corkscrew-like motion of some trypanosomatid species. All members are exclusively parasitic, found primarily in insects. A few genera have life-cycles involving a secondary host, which may be a vertebrate, invertebrate or plant. These include several species that cause major diseases in humans. Some trypanosomatida are intracellular parasites, with the important exception of Trypanosoma brucei.
Machowica
Machowica [maxɔˈvit͡sa] (formerly German: Elis) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Przybiernów, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Przybiernów, 22 km (14 mi) north of Goleniów, and 36 km (22 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

In the 960s the area became part of Poland after Mieszko I defeated the local Slavic tribes. From 1871 to 1945 the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 10.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.