hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penstemon cyanocaulis
Penstemon cyanocaulis, the bluestem penstemon or bluestem beardtongue, is a perennial plant in the plantain family (Plantaginaceae) found in the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region of the southwestern United States.

Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain". In older classifications, Plantaginaceae was the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have demonstrated that this taxon should be included within Lamiales.
Douglas' lemma
In operator theory, an area of mathematics, Douglas' lemma relates factorization, range inclusion, and majorization  of Hilbert space operators. It is generally attributed to Ronald G. Douglas, although Douglas acknowledges that aspects of the result may already have been known. The statement of the result is as follows:

Theorem: If  and  are bounded operators on a Hilbert space , the following are equivalent:

for some

There exists a bounded operator  on  such that .

Moreover, if these equivalent conditions hold, then there is a unique operator  such that

.

A generalization of Douglas' lemma for unbounded operators on a Banach space was proved by Forough (2014).

Matrix decomposition
In the mathematical discipline of linear algebra, a matrix decomposition or matrix factorization is a factorization of a matrix into a product of matrices. There are many different matrix decompositions; each finds use among a particular class of problems.
Birchtree Mine
Birchtree Mine is an underground nickel mine, owned and operated by Vale Inco in the city of Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. It lies in the nickel containing Thompson Belt, a geologic feature associated with the Circum-Superior Belt large igneous province throughout the Superior craton.

Thompson Belt
The Thompson Belt, also referred to as the Thompson Nickel Belt, is an Archean and early Proterozoic geologic feature in Manitoba, Canada. It contains gneiss related to deformation of the Trans-Hudson orogeny.
1995 NAIA World Series
The 1995 NAIA World Series was the 39th annual tournament hosted by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to determine the national champion of baseball among its member colleges and universities in the United States and Canada.

The tournament was played for at Lewis and Clark Park in Sioux City, Iowa. This was the first tournament played in Sioux City since 1961.

Emerging out of the consolation bracket, Bellevue (57–13) defeated Cumberland (TN) (49–19) in a single-game championship series, 8–5, to win the Bruins' first NAIA World Series.

Bellevue short-stop Nic DeLuca was named tournament MVP.

Lewis and Clark Park
Lewis and Clark Park, officially known as MercyOne Field at Lewis and Clark Park, is a stadium in Sioux City, Iowa. It is primarily used for baseball and is the home field of the Sioux City Explorers minor league baseball team and also served as the Morningside University baseball team until 2025. The ballpark opened in 1993 and has a capacity of 3,800 people.

The park is named for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, leaders of the Lewis and Clark Expedition of the American West who journeyed across the western frontier of early America from 1804 to 1806.  The expedition's only casualty, Charles Floyd, was lost near present-day Sioux City.

Some of the amenities at the park include a concession stand, handicap accessible elevators, a team shop stocked with Explorers merchandise, a press box, and 4 VIP air conditioned suites.
Jessica (film)
Jessica is a 1962 comedy drama film directed by Jean Negulesco, starring Maurice Chevalier, Angie Dickinson and Sylva Koscina, with cinematography by Piero Portalupi and art direction by Giulio Bongini. It was a co-production between France, Italy and the United States. Location shooting took place around Forza d'Agrò on Sicily.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
Agonopterix arenella
Agonopterix arenella is a species of moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in all of Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula.

The wingspan is 19–23 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous, more or less suffused with fuscous and sprinkled with dark fuscous; costa spotted with dark fuscous; first discal stigma and a dot obliquely before and above it black; second indistinct, dark fuscous; a dark fuscous spot between and above these; dark fuscous terminal dots. Hindwings are  pale whitish-fuscous. The larva is green, paler laterally; dorsal and subdorsal lines dark green; dots blackish; head light brownish-ochreous; 2 with two blackish spots.

The larvae feed on Arctium lappa, Carduus, Carlina, Centaurea jacea, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium vulgare, Knautia, Serratula tinctoria and Sonchus. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Larvae can be found from May to early August.

Carduus
Carduus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, and the tribe Cardueae, one of two genera considered to be true thistles, the other being Cirsium. Plants of the genus are known commonly as plumeless thistles. They are native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, and several are known elsewhere as introduced species. This genus is noted for its disproportionately high number of noxious weeds compared to other flowering plant genera.
Lincrusta
Lincrusta is a deeply embossed wallcovering, invented by Frederick Walton. Walton was already known for patenting linoleum floor covering in 1860. Lincrusta was launched in 1877 and was used in a host of applications from royal homes to railway carriages. Many examples over a hundred years old can still be found throughout the world.

Commonly found in Victorian properties and restoration projects, Lincrusta is also frequently used in commercial projects such as hotel foyers, bars, restaurants and casinos. Notable installations included six staterooms on the Titanic, and in the United States the White House, the Winchester Mystery House and Roseland Cottage in Woodstock, Connecticut, where it has been completely restored and is on view to the public.

Glaze (painting technique)
A glaze is a thin transparent or semi-transparent layer on a painting which modifies the appearance of the underlying paint layer. Glazes can change the chroma, value, hue and texture of a surface. Glazes consist of a great amount of binding medium in relation to a very small amount of pigment. Drying time will depend on the amount and type of paint medium used in the glaze. The medium, base, or vehicle is the mixture to which the dry pigment is added. Different media can increase or decrease the rate at which oil paints dry.

Often, because a paint is too opaque, painters will add a medium like linseed oil or alkyd to the paint to make them more transparent and pliable for the purposes of glazing. While these media are usually liquids, there are solid and semi-solid media used in the making of paints as well. For example, many classical oil painters have also been known to use ground glass and semi-solid resins to increase the translucency of their paint.
Religion in Costa Rica
Christianity is the predominant religion in Costa Rica, with Catholicism being its largest denomination. Catholicism is also the state religion, but the government generally upholds people's religious freedom in practice.

University of Costa Rica
The University of Costa Rica (Spanish: Universidad de Costa Rica, abbreviated UCR) is a public university in the Republic of Costa Rica, in Central America.  Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio,  is located in San Pedro Montes de Oca, in the province of San José.  It is the oldest and largest institution of higher learning in Costa Rica, originally established as the Universidad de Santo Tomás in 1843. Approximately 45,000 students attend UCR throughout the year.
1999 US Open (tennis)
The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 through September 12, 1999.

Lina Krasnoroutskaya
Lina Vladimirovna Krasnoroutskaya (Russian: Лина Владимировна Красноруцкая listenⓘ; born 29 April 1984) is a retired tennis player. She is a former junior world No. 1 (1999), and in addition, she won the US Open junior title. Krasnoroutskaya, however, had a career blighted by injury.
Brooklyn, Wisconsin
Brooklyn is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:

Brooklyn (village), Wisconsin, a village in Dane and Green Counties

Brooklyn, Green County, Wisconsin, a town

Brooklyn, Green Lake County, Wisconsin, a town

Brooklyn, Washburn County, Wisconsin, a town

Brooklyn, Green Lake County, Wisconsin
Brooklyn is a town in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,904 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Pleasant Point and Sherwood Forest are located in the town.
Fritz Brenner
Fritz Brenner (16 December 1877, in Osthofen – 26 December 1969, in Johannesburg) was a German physician and pathologist.

He studied medicine at the universities of Strasbourg, Freiburg and Heidelberg, receiving his doctorate at the latter institution in 1904. Following graduation, he worked as an assistant under Eugen Albrecht at the Senckenberg Institute of Pathology in Frankfurt am Main. In 1910 he relocated to German South-West Africa, where he worked as a doctor at the seaport of Swakopmund. Later on, he was a physician in Windhoek (from 1922) and Johannesburg (from 1935).

In 1907 he described a unique ovarian tumour in an article titled Das Oophoroma folliculare, published in the journal Frankfurter Zeitschrift für Pathologie. In 1932 Berlin pathologist Robert Meyer (1864–1947) coined the term "Brenner tumour" in honor of his findings. Incredibly, it wasn't until the 1950s that Brenner became aware of the honor.

Osthofen
Osthofen (German: [ˈɔstˌhoːfn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the middle of the Wonnegau in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Since 1 July 2014 it is part of the Verbandsgemeinde (a kind of collective municipality) Wonnegau. Osthofen was raised to town on 24 October 1970.
Pozzaglio ed Uniti
Pozzaglio ed Uniti (Cremunés: Pusài) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Milan and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Cremona.

Pozzaglio ed Uniti borders the following municipalities: Casalbuttano ed Uniti, Castelverde, Corte de' Frati, Olmeneta, Persico Dosimo, Robecco d'Oglio.

Province of Cremona
The province of Cremona (Italian: provincia di Cremona; Cremunés: pruvìncia de Cremùna; Cremish: pruìnsa de Cremùna; Casalasco-Viadanese: pruvìncia ad Cramòna) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital city is Cremona.

The province occupies the central section of Padana Plain, so the whole territory is flat, without any mountains or hills, crossed by several rivers, such as the Serio and Adda, and artificial canals, most of which are used for irrigation.

The river Po, which is the longest Italian river, is the natural boundary with the adjoining province of Piacenza, while the Oglio separates the province from Brescia.
Moe'N'a Lisa
"Moe'N'a Lisa" is the sixth episode of the eighteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 19, 2006. Lisa aids Moe in discovering his inner-poet and he gains swift popularity and recognition from a group of successful American authors, when Lisa helps to get his poetry published. However, Lisa is crushed when Moe enjoys his newfound success with famous writers and deliberately refuses to credit Lisa for her assistance in his poetry. It was written by Matt Warburton and directed by Mark Kirkland. J. K. Simmons reprises his role as the voice of J. Jonah Jameson from Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, while Tom Wolfe, Gore Vidal, Michael Chabon, and Jonathan Franzen make cameos as themselves.

Sam Raimi
Samuel Marshall Raimi (/ˈreɪmi/ RAY-mee; born October 23, 1959) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for writing and directing the Evil Dead trilogy (1981–1992) and directing the Spider-Man trilogy (2002–2007). He also directed Darkman (1990), The Quick and the Dead (1995), A Simple Plan (1998), The Gift (2000), Drag Me to Hell (2009), Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022), and Send Help (2026).

His films are known for their highly dynamic visual style, inspired by comic books and slapstick comedy. He founded the production companies Renaissance Pictures in 1979 and Ghost House Pictures in 2002. Raimi has also produced several successful television series, including Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995–1997), its spin-off Xena: Warrior Princess (1995–2001), and Ash vs Evil Dead (2015–2018) starring longtime friend and collaborator Bruce Campbell reprising his role in the Evil Dead franchise.
Kirsten Tackmann
Kirsten Tackmann (born 24 September 1960) is a German politician. Born in Schmalkalden, Thuringia, she represents The Left. Kirsten Tackmann has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Brandenburg since 2005.

Schmalkalden
Schmalkalden (German pronunciation: [ʃmalˈkaldn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, in the southwest of the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is on the southern slope of the Thuringian Forest at the Schmalkalde river, a tributary to the Werra. As of 31 December 2022, the town had a population of 20,065.
Battle of Fariskur (1250)
The Battle of Fariskur was the last major battle of the Seventh Crusade. The battle was fought on 6 April 1250, between the Crusaders led by King Louis IX of France (later Saint Louis) and Egyptian forces led by Turanshah of the Ayyubid dynasty.

Following the Crusader's early defeat at the Battle of Al Mansurah in February 1250, the Battle of Fariskur resulted in the complete defeat of the crusader army and the capture of Louis IX.

Berke–Hulegu war
The Berke–Hulegu war was fought between two Mongol leaders, Berke Khan of the Golden Horde and Hulegu Khan of the Ilkhanate. It was fought mostly in the Caucasus Mountains area in the 1260s after the destruction of Baghdad in 1258. The war overlaps with the Toluid Civil War in the Mongol Empire between two members of the Tolui family line, Kublai Khan and Ariq Böke, who both claimed the title of Great Khan (Khagan). Kublai allied with Hulegu, while Ariq Böke sided with Berke. Hulegu headed to Mongolia for the election of a new Khagan to succeed Möngke Khan, but the loss of the Battle of Ain Jalut to the Mamluks forced him to withdraw back to the Middle East. The Mamluk victory emboldened Berke to invade the Ilkhanate. The Berke–Hulegu war and the Toluid Civil War as well as the subsequent Kaidu–Kublai war marked a key moment in the fragmentation of the Mongol empire after the death of Möngke, the fourth khan of the Mongol Empire.
Half Moon Investigations (TV series)
Half Moon Investigations is a children's crime/comedy drama television series created by the BBC and based upon the novel of the same name by the author Eoin Colfer. It concerns a schoolboy, Fletcher Moon, who spends much of his spare time solving petty crimes around his school, St Jerome's. 13 episodes were first broadcast between January and March 2009. The series was filmed in and around a disused secondary school as well as a Centre for adults with special needs located in Bellshill, North Lanarkshire.

Bellshill
Bellshill (pronounced "Bells hill") is a town in North Lanarkshire in Scotland, ten miles (sixteen kilometres) southeast of Glasgow city centre and 37 mi (60 km) west of Edinburgh. Other nearby localities are Motherwell 2 mi (3 km) to the south, Hamilton 3 mi (5 km) to the southwest, Viewpark 1+1⁄2 mi (2.5 km) to the west, Holytown 2 mi (3 km) to the east and Coatbridge 3 mi (5 km) to the north.

The town of Bellshill (including the villages of Orbiston and Mossend) has a population of about 20,650. From 1996 to 2016, it was considered to be part of the Greater Glasgow metropolitan area. Since then it has been counted as part of a continuous suburban settlement anchored by Motherwell, with a total population of around 125,000.
Tourism in Western Odisha
Odisha (formerly Orissa), is an eastern Indian state on the Bay of Bengal. It is known for its tribal cultures and its many ancient Hindu temples. During the ancient times, many small kingdoms existed now known as Western Odisha, which was ruled by local chieftains.Western Odisha, or the western part of Odisha, India, extends from the Bolangir district in the south to the Sundargarh district in the north.

Balangir district
Balangir district, also called Bolangir district, is a district situated in Odisha state of India. The district has an area of 6,575 km2 (2,539 sq mi), and a population of 1,648,997 (2011 census). The town of Balangir is the district headquarters. The composition of the land is predominantly rural. Other important towns in Balangir district are Titlagarh, Patnagarh, Kantabanji, Loisingha, Saintala, Belpada, Tushra, Agalpur, Deogaon, Chudapali, Biripali, Bhalumunda, Bangomunda, Sindhekela, Kansil, Turekela and Muribahal.
Jeff Johnson (baseball)
William Jeffrey Johnson (born August 4, 1966) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He played with the New York Yankees for his entire Major League career. Born in Durham, North Carolina, Johnson attended South Granville High School, then University of North Carolina at Charlotte where he played college baseball. He was only one of nine people from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte to have played Major League Baseball. On June 1, 1988, Johnson was drafted by the New York Yankees in the 6th round (157th overall pick) of the 1988 amateur draft. He was listed at 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) in height, and 200 lb. in weight. During his three-year Major League Baseball career, Johnson batted right-handed and threw left-handed. He is currently the pitching coach for the West Virginia Power.

Charleston Dirty Birds
The Charleston Dirty Birds are an American professional baseball team based in Charleston, West Virginia. They are a member of the South Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, a partner league of Major League Baseball. The Dirty Birds have played their home games at GoMart Ballpark since 2005.
Delors Commission
The Delors Commission was the administration of Jacques Delors, the eighth President of the European Commission. Delors presided over the European Commission for three terms (though the last one lasted for around a year). The first term lasted from 1985 to 1988, the second until 1992 and the final one until 1994, making Delors the longest serving president, and his Commission is also seen as the most successful at advancing European integration. It was the only Commission to serve three times, and Delors served five two-year terms (as they were then). The third Commission was the first Commission of the European Union, the Maastricht Treaty having come into force in 1993.

European Committee of the Regions
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the European Union's (EU) assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities (i.e. regions, counties, provinces, municipalities and cities) with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework.

Established in 1994, the CoR was set up to address two main issues. First, about three quarters of EU legislation is implemented at local or regional level, so local and regional representatives needed to have a say in the development of new EU laws. Second, there were concerns about a widening gap between the public and the process of European integration; involving the elected level of government closest to the citizens was one way of closing the gap.
Dragonfly Squadron
Dragonfly Squadron is a 1954 American war film directed by Lesley Selander and starring John Hodiak, Barbara Britton and Bruce Bennett. The film is set in the period shortly before and during the invasion of South Korea by North Korean troops.

Dragonfly Squadron was originally intended to be released as a 3D film, and therefore was filmed in dual 35mm Polaroid 3-D. Interest in 3D films, however, greatly diminished towards the end of 1953, so when the film premiered in Los Angeles on January 27, 1954, and went on general release on March 21, 1954, only flat prints were shown.

Lesley Selander
Lesley Selander (May 26, 1900 – December 5, 1979) was an American film director of Westerns and adventure movies. His career as director, spanning 127 feature films and dozens of TV episodes, lasted from 1936 to 1968. Before that, Selander was assistant director on films such as The Cat and the Fiddle (1934), A Night at the Opera (1935), and Fritz Lang's Fury (1936).

To this day Selander remains one of the most prolific directors of feature Westerns in cinema history, having taken the helm for 107 Westerns between his first directorial feature in 1936 and 1967.  In 1956 he was nominated for the Directors Guild of America award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Television, for his work directing a 1954 episode of Lassie.
Strawn, Texas
Strawn is a city in Palo Pinto County, Texas, United States. Its population was 540 at the 2020 census. Strawn, on State Highway 16 and 108, Farm to Market Road 2372, and the Missouri Pacific Railroad in southwestern Palo Pinto County, was one of several towns developed about 1880 when the Texas and Pacific Railway began service. The site, known earlier as North Fork for its location on Palo Pinto Creek, was laid out on the land of two early ranchers, Stephen Bethel Strawn and James N. Stuart. Stuart built the area's first house in 1875. A community to the west, Russell's Pocket, and one to the east, Davidsonville, were merged to form Strawn.

Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad (reporting mark MP), commonly abbreviated as MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S, NO&LC, T&P, and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois.

Union Pacific Corporation, the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad, agreed to buy the Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific, the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997.