hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Bob
Old Bob or Old Robin (c. 1849 – unknown) was a driving horse used by Abraham Lincoln during the period prior to his presidency of the United States. He later participated in Lincoln's funeral. Old Bob's exact fate and date of death are unknown; he was sold to drayman John Flynn by Lincoln in 1860.

Driving (horse)
Driving is the practice of guiding a horse or other draft animal in harness to pull a load. Horses may draw vehicles such as wagons, carts, carriages, coaches, and sleighs, as well as farm implements or other equipment. They are driven for transportation, ceremonial and tourist uses, pleasure, sport, and a variety of working tasks including logging, plowing, and towing boats. Training for driving often begins with ground driving, in which a handler works the animal from behind or alongside.
Black President (song)
Black President is a song by South African singer Brenda Fassie. It is the sixth track on her sixth studio album, Black President (1990), It was written by Sello "Chicco" Twala, Brenda Fassie, and produced by Twala and released on February 8, 1990 through CCP Records.

The song was written about Nelson Mandela, who was arrested by the South African apartheid government with his comrades.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Juan Bautista de Toledo
Juan Bautista de Toledo (c. 1515 – 19 May 1567) was a Spanish architect. He was educated in Italy, in the Italian High Renaissance. As many Italian renaissance architects, he had experience in both architecture and military and civil public works. He was born, either in Toledo or in Madrid, around 1515.  He died on 19 May 1567 in Madrid, and was buried in Madrid in the choir of the primitive “Convento de Santo Tomás, Iglesia de la Santa Cruz”.

High Renaissance
In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Most art historians state that the High Renaissance started between 1490 and 1500, and ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael, although some say the High Renaissance ended about 1525, or in 1527 with the Sack of Rome by the mutinous army of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or about 1530. The best-known exponents of painting, sculpture, and architecture of the High Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante. In the 21st century, the use of the term has been frequently criticized by some academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.
Samuel K. Casey
Samuel King Casey (June 27, 1818 – May 31, 1871) was an American politician.

Case was born in Smith County, Tennessee. He moved with his parents to Illinois Territory and eventually settle in Jefferson County, Illinois. Casey went to McKendree College and was a member of the Philosophical Literary Society. He served as county judge for Franklin County, Illinois and served as the warden for the Illinois Penitentiary. Casey was a farmer and lived in Mount Vernon, Illinois. Casey served in the Illinois Senate from 1868 until his death in 1871 and was a Democrat. He died at his home in Mount Vernon, Illinois. His father was Zadok Casey, the Governor of Illinois.

Franklin County, Illinois
Franklin County is a county in Southern Illinois. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 37,804. The largest city is West Frankfort and the county seat is Benton. Franklin County is located in the Metro Lakeland area of Southern Illinois.
Ken MacLeay
Kenneth Hervey MacLeay (born 2 April 1959) is a former English-born Australian cricketer.

He was an all-rounder who played 16 One Day Internationals for Australia between 1983 and 1987. MacLeay played in the 1983 Cricket World Cup in England taking 6 for 39 against India.

MacLeay played in 129 first-class matches for Western Australia between 1981 and 1991. He was a regular in a strong WA team appearing in Sheffield Shield final winning team four times. MacLeay also played county cricket in England for Somerset in 1991 and 1992.

In 2001, MacLeay was named as a life member of the WACA Ground in Perth for his contributions to cricket.

1983 Cricket World Cup
The 1983 Cricket World Cup (officially the Prudential Cup '83) was the third edition of the Cricket World Cup tournament. It was held from 9 to 25 June 1983 in England and Wales and was won by India. Eight countries participated in the event. England, India, Pakistan and West Indies qualified for the semi-finals. The preliminary matches were played in two groups of four teams each, and each country played the others in its group twice. The top two teams in each group qualified for the semi-finals.

The matches consisted of 60 overs per innings and were played in traditional white clothing and with red balls. They were all played during the day.
Transect (urban)
The urban-to-rural transect is an urban planning model created by the New Urbanist Andrés Duany. The transect defines a series of zones that transition from sparse rural farmhouses to the dense urban core. Each zone is fractal in that it contains a similar transition from the edge to the center of the neighborhood. The transect is an important part of the New Urbanism and smart growth movements. Duany's firm DPZ has embodied the transect philosophy into their SmartCode generic planning code for municipal ordinances.

The importance of transect planning is particularly seen as a contrast to modern Euclidean zoning and suburban development. In these patterns, large areas are dedicated to a single purpose, such as housing, offices, shopping, and they can only be accessed via major roads. The transect, by contrast, decreases the necessity for long-distance travel by any means.

Conceptual model
The term conceptual model refers to any model that is the direct output of a conceptualization or generalization process. Conceptual models are often abstractions of things in the real world, whether physical or social. Semantic studies are relevant to various stages of concept formation. Semantics is fundamentally a study of concepts, the meaning that thinking beings give to various elements of their experience.
To the Races
To the Races is an album by Eric Bachmann, of the bands Crooked Fingers and Archers of Loaf. It was released on August 22, 2006.

It was recorded in a hotel room in North Carolina.

The album is the 95th release of Saddle Creek Records.

Saddle Creek Records
Saddle Creek Records is an American record label based in Omaha, Nebraska and named after Saddle Creek Road, a major street in midtown Omaha. Started as a college class project on entrepreneurship, the label was founded in 1993 by Mike Mogis and Justin Oberst. Mogis soon turned over his role in the company to Robb Nansel. It was initially called Lumberjack Records; Saddle Creek first appeared in print on a show flyer, offering to "Spend an evening with Saddle Creek" (later to be the title of the label's DVD). Distribution is handled by Redeye Distribution. SCR continues to be the flagship label of a style of music called "The Omaha Sound", characterized by a slight country twang. A "sister label" of sorts to Saddle Creek is Team Love, which was begun by Justin Oberst's brother Conor Oberst in 2004.
Anti-Spanish sentiment
Anti-Spanish sentiment is the fear, distrust, hatred of, aversion to, or discrimination against Spanish people, culture, or nationhood.

Instances of anti-Spanish prejudice, often embedded within anti-Catholic prejudice and propaganda, were stoked in Europe in the early modern period, pursuant to the Spanish Crown's status as a power siding with the Counter-Reformation. The Spanish colonization of the Americas was also singled out as uniquely barbarous by some commentators. 20th-century Spanish historiography shaped the construct of "Black Legend" to denote such manifestations of prejudice, generally overplaying their reach and pervasiveness. The justification of the civil wars from which new republics emerged independent from Spanish rule in the Americas also partially relied on a hispanophobic discourse.

Within Spain, elements of stateless nationalist movements (such as Catalan, Basque, and Galician) competing with Spanish nationalism embrace anti-Spanish views and discourse.

Culture of Spain
The culture of Spain is influenced by its Western origin, its interaction with other cultures in Europe, its historically Catholic religious tradition, and the varied national and regional identities within the country. It encompasses literature, music, visual arts, cuisine as well as contemporary customs, beliefs, institutions, and social norms. Beyond Spain, Spanish culture is a major component of most Latin American cultures and an important influence on Filipino culture.
Anna Dawson
Anna Dawson is an English actress and singer.

Born in Bolton, Lancashire, Dawson spent part of her childhood in Tanganyika, where her father worked. She attended the Elmhurst Ballet School and after training at the Central School of Speech and Drama, she learned her craft by playing in repertory theatre companies.

Dawson went on to star in several West End musicals. She featured in episodes of Dixon of Dock Green during the 1960s, The Benny Hill Show during the 1980s, and played Hyacinth Bucket's sister Violet ("the one with the Mercedes, sauna and room for a pony") in the final series of the sitcom Keeping Up Appearances, though her character was only featured on screen briefly in four episodes.

Dawson was married to former Black and White Minstrel Show soloist John Boulter until his death in December 2025.

Hyacinth Bucket
Hyacinth Bucket (née Walton; sometimes known as "The Bucket Woman") is a fictional character in the BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances, and one of the main characters of its spinoff special, Young Hyacinth. She is portrayed by Patricia Routledge in Keeping Up Appearances and Kerry Howard in Young Hyacinth. Routledge won a British Comedy Award in 1991 and was nominated for two BAFTA awards in 1992 and 1993 for her portrayal.
Lai Bhaari
Lai Bhaari (meaning: Overwhelming or Awesome) is a 2014 Indian Marathi-language action drama film directed by Nishikant Kamat. The film marks the debut of Riteish Deshmukh in Marathi cinema, while Salman Khan and Genelia D'Souza make cameo appearances. It was the first Marathi that was made on such a big scale, and became the highest grossing Marathi film during that time. It was declared a blockbuster at the box office.

On 25 January 2015 Lai Bhaari broke all previous records and got the highest television viewership for any film in Maharashtra (Marathi – Hindi) with 5727 TVTs.

It is remade in Odia as Jaga Hatare Pagha starring Anubhav Mohanty. It ran for more than 100 days in Maharashtra. At Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? Film Won MFK Award for Favourite Film, MFK Award for Favourite Actor, MFK Award for Favourite Villain, MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actress, MFK Award for Favourite Singer Male.

Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?
The Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? Awards are presented by the Marathi television channel Zee Talkies to honour excellence in Marathi cinema. It has been given annually since 2009, with the latest—the 14th edition—of the award-giving ceremony having been held in 2024. The awards are decided by a jury, consisting of noted film-makers, critics and technicians, while winners in a separate category named "Favourite awards" are chosen by public voting.
Lance Allred
Lance Collin Allred (born February 2, 1981) is an American former professional basketball player, who was the first deaf player to play an NBA game. Allred is legally deaf, with 75%–80% hearing loss due to Rh complications at birth. He is also an inspirational speaker and author, with his first book, Longshot: The Adventures of a Deaf Fundamentalist Mormon Kid and His Journey to the NBA, published by HarperCollins in 2009.

Rh disease
Rh disease (also known as rhesus isoimmunization, Rh (D) disease, or rhesus incompatibility, and blue baby disease) is a type of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN). The term "Rh disease" is commonly used to refer to HDFN as prior to the discovery of anti-Rho(D) immune globulin, it was the most common type of HDFN.
The disease ranges from mild to severe, and occurs in the second or subsequent pregnancies of Rh-D negative women when the biological father is Rh-D positive due to the presence of anti-D antibodies (the D antigen being only one of more than 50 in the Rh complex).

Due to several advances in modern medicine HDFN can be prevented by treating the mother during pregnancy and soon after delivery with an injection of anti-Rho(D) immune globulin (Rhoclone, Rhogam, AntiD). With successful mitigation of this disease by prevention through the use of anti-Rho(D) immune globulin, other antibodies are more commonly the cause of HDFN today.
2024 Hamburg Open – Women's doubles
Anna Bondár and Kimberley Zimmermann won the women's doubles title at the 2024 Hamburg Open, defeating Arantxa Rus and Nina Stojanović in the final, 5–7, 6–3, [11–9]. Bondár also defeated Rus in the singles final.

Anna Danilina and Alexandra Panova were the reigning champions, but Panova chose not to participate this year and Danilina chose to compete in Toronto instead.

2024 National Bank Open – Women's doubles
Caroline Dolehide and Desirae Krawczyk defeated Gabriela Dabrowski and Erin Routliffe in the final, 7–6(7–2), 3–6, [10–7] to win the to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 2024 Canadian Open.

Shuko Aoyama and Ena Shibahara were the reigning champions, but Shibahara chose not to participate this year. Aoyama partnered Eri Hozumi, but lost in the first round to Guo Hanyu and Makoto Ninomiya.
Henry Stanistreet
Christianity portal

Henry Arthur Stanistreet (19 March 1901 – 4 September 1981), was the 14th Bishop of Killaloe and Clonfert.

Stanistreet was educated at Trent College and Trinity College, Dublin and  ordained in 1924. He was a curate at Clonmel and then curate in charge of Corbally before becoming the Rector of Templeharry with Borrisnafarney. From 1931 to 1943 he was Rural Dean of Ely O’Carroll then Dean of Killaloe Cathedral. He was ordained to the episcopate in 1957. He became a Doctor of Divinity (DD).

Killaloe Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of St Flannan, Killaloe (/ˌkɪləˈluː/ kil-ə-LOO) is a cathedral of the Church of Ireland in Killaloe, County Clare in Ireland.

Previously the cathedral of the Diocese of Killaloe, it is now one of five cathedrals in the Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe. The Dean of the Cathedral is the Very Reverend Roderick Lindsay Smyth who is also Dean of Clonfert, Dean of Kilfenora and both Dean and Provost of Kilmacduagh
Jamilla Kirwan
Jamilla Kirwan is an independent politician, who was appointed to the Senate of Antigua and Barbuda at the Governor-General's discretion on 28 November 2025. Kirwan brought the senate back to its full size of seventeen people. Kirwan replaced Kiz Johnson who had resigned.

Senate (Antigua and Barbuda)
The Senate (Antiguan and Barbudan Creole: Senit) is the upper house of the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda. The Senate and the lower chamber, the House of Representatives, together form the bicameral legislature of Antigua and Barbuda. The Senate and the House together may make laws for "the peace, order and good government of Antigua and Barbuda". Any bill other than a money bill may be introduced in the Senate.

The composition and powers of the Senate are established under sections 28 to 35 of the Constitution. The Senate is composed of seventeen members appointed by the Governor-General. Ten members are appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, four on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition, one on the advice of the Barbuda Council, one resident of Barbuda on the advice of the Prime Minister, and one at the Governor-General's discretion.

The current President of the Senate is Senator the Hon. Alincia Williams-Grant.
Girl with a Future
Girl with a Future (German: Mädchen mit Zukunft) is a 1954 West German comedy drama film directed by Thomas Engel and starring Herta Staal, Peter Pasetti and Nadja Tiller. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin.The film's sets were designed by the art directors Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz.

Emil Hasler
Emil Hasler (8 November 1901 – 15 January 1986) was a German art director who worked on more than a hundred films during his career. These included a number of Weimar classics such as Diary of a Lost Girl, M and The Blue Angel. He later worked in Nazi era cinema on films like Robert Koch and Münchhausen.
Steve Carter (American football)
Steven Edward Carter (born September 12, 1962) is a professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League who played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1987 at the age of 25. The 5'10" 170 pounds receiver played college football at Albany State University in Albany, Georgia.

Albany State University
Albany State University is a public historically black university in Albany, Georgia, United States. Founded in 1903, it is part of the University System of Georgia and is the largest historically black institution in Georgia. Albany State University offers undergraduate and graduate programs across a range of disciplines, including education, business, and the sciences. The university is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Calcium borate
Calcium borate is a borate salt of calcium with the molecular formula Ca3(BO3)2. It can be prepared by reacting calcium metal with boric acid. The resulting precipitate is calcium borate. A hydrated form occurs naturally as the minerals colemanite, nobleite and priceite.

Priceite
Priceite is a white borate mineral. The mineral has been found in places such as Chetco, Oregon, Death Valley, and northwestern Turkey. In 1862 small amounts of this mineral were mined from Chetco, Oregon.

Priceite is rare and has only been found in a few ores. It is related to colemanite.
Redintegration
Redintegration refers to the restoration of the whole of something from a part of it. The everyday phenomenon is that a small part of a memory can remind a person of the entire memory, for example, “recalling an entire song when a few notes are played.” In cognitive psychology the word is used in reference to phenomena in the field of memory, where it is defined as "the use of long-term knowledge to facilitate recall." The process is hypothesised to be working as "pattern completion", where previous knowledge is used to facilitate the completion of the partially degraded memory trace.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Devika Palshikar
Devika Palshikar (Devanagari: देविका पळशीकर; born 20 June 1979) is an Indian former cricketer and current cricket coach. She played as a right-handed batter and right-arm leg break bowler. She appeared in one Test match and 15 One Day Internationals for India between 2006 and 2008. She played domestic cricket for Air India and Maharashtra.

After retiring as a player, Palshikar was assistant coach of India between 2014 and 2016, and assistant coach of Bangladesh in 2018. She has also coached various Indian domestic teams, and was head coach of Velocity for the 2022 Women's T20 Challenge.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.
Addressin
Mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MADCAM1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule that interacts preferentially with the leukocyte beta7 integrin LPAM-1 (alpha4 / beta7), L-selectin, and VLA-4 (alpha4 / beta1) on myeloid cells to direct leukocytes into mucosal and inflamed tissues. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is similar to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.

Integrin beta 1
Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), also known as CD29, is a cell surface receptor that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1 gene. This integrin associates with integrin alpha 1 and integrin alpha 2 to form integrin complexes which function as collagen receptors. It also forms dimers with integrin alpha 3 to form integrin receptors for netrin 1 and reelin. These and other integrin beta 1 complexes have been historically known as very late activation (VLA) antigens.

Integrin beta 1 is expressed as at least four different isoforms. In cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle, the integrin beta-1D isoform is specifically expressed, and localizes to costameres, where it aids in the lateral force transmission from the Z-discs to the extracellular matrix. Abnormal levels of integrin beta-1D have been found in limb girdle muscular dystrophy and polyneuropathy.
Bicyrtes viduatus
Bicyrtes viduatus is a species of sand wasp in the family Bembicidae.  It is found in Central America.

It is characterized by a pale yellow coloration, while lacking the thoracic "smiley face" pattern present on Bicyrtes capnopterus and Bicyrtes ventralis, the other two species in Bicyrtes having a yellow coloration. Additionally, the submarginal cell is clouded, while the wings remain largely clear.

Sand wasp
A sand wasp is a wasp of one of the following groups:

Ammophila, a narrow-waisted genus of hunting wasps that often nests in sandy soil

Bembicini, a tribe of crabronid wasps that burrow in sandy soil