hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Law and Inequality
Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality, (formerly Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice) is a biannual peer-reviewed law journal edited by law students at University of Minnesota Law School. It was established in 1981 to examine the social impact of law on disadvantaged people.

In 2016, the journal launched its online companion site, Inequality Inquiry (formerly Sua Sponte).

The journal has been cited by federal and state courts, including:

United States v. Virginia

State v. Janes

Sayers by Sayers v. Beltrami County

Isabellita S. v. John S.

Rio v. Rio

Eastman v. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

The journal is ranked first in the "Family Law" and "Immigration Law" subcategories on the Washington and Lee University law journal rankings for scholarly impact; third in the "Civil Rights" and "Minority and "Race and Ethnic Issues" subcategories; and in the top ten for "Criminal Law and Procedure" and "Gender, Women and Sexuality" subcategories.

United States v. Virginia
United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996), is a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the long-standing male-only admission policy of the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in a 7–1 decision. Justice Clarence Thomas, whose son was enrolled at the university at the time, recused himself.
Landesmuseum Hannover
The Lower Saxon State Museum Hanover (German: Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum Hannover, or simply Landesmuseum Hannover) is the state museum of Lower Saxony in Hanover, Germany. Situated adjacent to the  New Town Hall, the museum comprises the state gallery (Landesgalerie), featuring paintings and sculptures from the Middle Ages to the 20th century, and departments of archaeology, natural history and ethnology. The museum includes a vivarium with fish, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods.

New Town Hall (Hanover)
The New Town Hall (German: Neues Rathaus) is a town hall in Hanover, Germany. It opened on 20 June 1913 after construction lasting 12 years. A magnificent, castle-like building of the era of Wilhelm II in eclectic style at the southern edge of the inner city just outside the historic city centre of Hanover, the building is embedded within the 10-hectare (25-acre) Maschpark.
2018 Players Championship
The 2018 Players Championship was a professional golf tournament, held from May 10–13 at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida. The flagship event of the PGA Tour, this was the 45th edition of The Players Championship, and the 37th edition held at the Stadium Course at TPC Sawgrass. The tournament was won by Webb Simpson, four strokes ahead of three runners-up.

Defending champion Kim Si-woo opened with a five-under 67, but finished 15 strokes back, tied for 63rd place.

This was the twelfth consecutive Players Championship held in May; it returned to March in 2019.

FedEx Cup
The FedEx Cup is the championship trophy for the PGA Tour.  Its introduction in 2007 marked the first time that men's professional golf had a playoff system. Since its inception, the competition has been sponsored by FedEx. In 2022, the PGA Tour added the FedEx St. Jude Championship to the tournament, expanding the partnership with St. Jude Children's Research Hospital as the tournament's designated charity.

The FedEx Cup is a season long competition. Points are awarded based on finishing position in all PGA Tour sanctioned tournaments. The leading points earners throughout the regular season qualify for the playoffs. Players are further eliminated after each of the first two playoff events, with the leading 30 points earners qualifying for the Tour Championship.

Tommy Fleetwood is the current champion, after he won the Tour Championship in 2025.

Rory McIlroy has the most titles with three. The only other player to win multiple FedEx Cups is Tiger Woods, with two.
Akbar Salim Anarkali
Akbar Salim Anarkali is a 1978 Indian Telugu-language historical romance film produced and directed by N. T. Rama Rao under his Ramakrishna Cine Studios banner. The film stars Rama Rao, Nandamuri Balakrishna and Deepa, with music composed by C. Ramchandra. It is based on the legend of the romance between the Mughal prince Salim (later known as Jahangir) and the court dancer Anarkali, which is disapproved of by the emperor Akbar. The film was unsuccessful.

Historical romance
Historical romance is a broad category of mass-market fiction focusing on romantic relationships in historical periods, which Byron helped popularize in the early 19th century. The genre often takes the form of the novel.
Saana
Saana (Northern Sami: Sána) is a fell in Enontekiö, Finland. Saana's summit lies 1,029 metres (3,376 ft) above sea level and 556 m (1,824 ft) above the adjacent Kilpisjärvi lake. Geologically it is part of the Scandinavian Mountains, and is made of the same kinds of schist and gneiss rock. The peak is a popular destination for hikers and backpackers because of the sweeping views offered at the summit.

In December 2017, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of Finland's independence, Saana was lit with blue light. The area illuminated covered roughly 2.5 million square meters, making it the largest art illumination in the world.

Gneiss
Gneiss (/naɪs/ NYSE) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures ranging from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage.

Gneisses are common in the ancient crust of continental shields. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth are gneisses, such as the Acasta Gneiss.
Ressurection Joe
"Ressurection Joe" is a single by the English rock band the Cult. It was released as a non-album single on 14 December 1984.

"Ressurection Joe" was later, in 1986, included on the first United Kingdom compact disc versions of Dreamtime as a bonus track.

Ian Astbury
Ian Robert Astbury (born 14 May 1962) is a British singer, best known as the lead vocalist, frontman and a founding member of the rock band the Cult. During various hiatuses from the Cult, Astbury fronted the short-lived band Holy Barbarians in 1996, and later from 2002 to 2007 served as the lead singer of Doors of the 21st century, a Doors tribute band that also featured original Doors members Ray Manzarek and Robby Krieger.
Astbury replaced Rob Tyner during an MC5 reunion in 2003, and has contributed guest vocals on several recordings by other artists.
Fanta Berete
Fanta Berete (born 31 July 1975) is a French politician of Renaissance who has been serving as a Member of Parliament for Paris's 12th constituency since 2022. She was the substitute of Olivia Grégoire who became a government minister.

Paris's 12th constituency
The 12th constituency of Paris (French: Douzième circonscription de Paris) is a French legislative constituency in the Paris département (75). Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system. Its boundaries were heavily redrawn in 1988 and 2012.
East Riding Senior Cup
East Riding Senior Cup is the foremost football cup competition for teams affiliated to the East Riding County Football Association. Teams affiliated with East Riding County Football Association can enter the competition. Entry is mandatory for affiliated clubs in Premier League, English Football League, Northern Premier League, Northern Counties East Football League, Humber Premier League (Premier Division only) and York Minster Engineering League (Premier Division only).

Established in 1903, Hessle won the inaugural tournament after defeating Hull Albany 4–1 in the finals.

Northern Counties East Football League
The Northern Counties East Football League is a semi-professional English football league. It has two divisions – Premier Division and Division One – which stand at the ninth and tenth levels of the English football pyramid respectively.
JŽ series 341
The single locomotive designated JŽ 341 is a curiosity.

It was originally designed for hauling freight and passenger-trains on the then new mountain part of the electrified Rijeka mainline. When it was found out, that the axle load was high (20 t or 19.7 long tons or 22.0 short tons), further orders were cancelled. The maintenance and usage of this locomotive caused troubles in that there was only one unit of this type. The production and holding of spare parts was uneconomical.

The final years of this locomotive were used in banking freight traffic over the very hilly and difficult Rijeka-Zagreb line between Fužine and Lokve.

The locomotive was retired sometime around 1986.

Photographs of this locomotive are very rare.

Axle load
The axle load of a wheeled vehicle is the total weight bearing on the roadway for all wheels connected to a given axle. Axle load is an important design consideration in the engineering of roadways and railways, as both are designed to tolerate a maximum weight-per-axle (axle load); exceeding the maximum rated axle load will cause damage to the roadway or railway tracks.
1989 in Michigan
Events from the year 1989 in Michigan included the murder of the DeLisle children; the battle against the crack cocaine epidemic in Detroit; the Detroit Pistons sweeping the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1989 NBA Finals to win their first NBA championship; interim head coach Steve Fisher leading Michigan to the national championship in the NCAA tournament; Barry Sanders signing with the Detroit Lions; and Madonna's album Like a Prayer and the single of the "same name" both reaching No. 1 on the charts.

Ian Cole
Ian Douglas Cole (born February 21, 1989) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a defenseman for the Utah Mammoth of the National Hockey League (NHL). Cole won the Stanley Cup with the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2016 and 2017.
Salganda
Salganda (Russian: Салганда; Altay: Салганду, Salgandu) is a rural locality (a selo) in Paspaulskoye Rural Settlement of Choysky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 31 as of 2016. There are 7 streets.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
Ban Phanao railway station
Ban Phanao station (Thai: สถานีบ้านพะเนา) is a railway station located in Phanao Subdistrict, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It is a class 3 railway station located 276.35 km (171.7 mi) from Bangkok railway station.

Hua Lamphong railway station
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station (Thai: สถานีกรุงเทพ (หัวลำโพง), RTGS: Sathani Krung Thep (Hua Lamphong)) is a railway station in Pathum Wan, the former central passenger terminal in Bangkok and the former railway hub of Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan district, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). Long distance trains moved to the new central station at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in 2023.
The Collapse of Everything
The Collapse of Everything is the ninth studio album by English dub record producer Adrian Sherwood. It was released on 22 August 2025 via his On-U Sound Records label. It is Sherwood's first non-collaborative release since 2012 when he released Survival & Resistance.

On-U Sound Records
On-U Sound Records is an English record label known for releasing its own unique flavour of dub music since the 1980s. The label was founded by Adrian Sherwood in 1979/1980 and is home to acts such as Tackhead, Dub Syndicate, African Head Charge, Akabu, The London Underground, Little Annie, Creation Rebel, Mark Stewart, Gary Clail (who would have a number of Top 40 hits, like "Human Nature", credited to Gary Clail On-U Sound System), New Age Steppers, Audio Active, Asian Dub Foundation, and the dub collective Singers & Players.
Geo Cronjé
Geo Cronjé (born 23 July 1980) is a South African former rugby union international.

Cronjé, raised in Klerksdorp, is the elder brother of Springbok Jacques Cronjé.

A lock, Cronjé made his Springboks debut against New Zealand at Carisbrook in the 2003 Tri Nations Series. His career was subsequently impacted by accusations that during a pre-World Cup camp he had refused to share a room with coloured team-mate Quinton Davids on the basis of race. He was booted from the camp as a result and omitted from the final World Cup squad. Multiple enquiries later cleared him of racism.

Cronjé earned two further Springboks caps in 2004. At the end of the year he signed a contract to play in England for Harlequins but due to a knee injury ended up being released without playing a game.

2003 Tri Nations Series
The 2003 Tri Nations Series was contested from 12 July to 16 August between the national rugby union teams of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. New Zealand won the tournament for the fifth time.

New Zealand regained the Bledisloe Cup which Australia had held since 1998.
Iriga City Oragons
The Iriga City Oragons were a women's volleyball club in the Philippines representing Iriga, Camarines Sur and owned by the city's local government. The team was established in 2016 and initially competed in the Shakey's V-League (SVL). In 2017, they moved to the Philippine Super Liga (PSL), but returned to the Sports Vision umbrella in 2018, when they moved to the Premier Volleyball League (PVL). During their PVL stint, the team partnered with the Philippine Navy.

Iriga
Iriga, officially the City of Iriga (Rinconada Bikol: Syudad ka Iriga; Central Bikol: Syudad nin Iriga; Filipino: Lungsod ng Iriga), is a component city in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 115,306 people.
PostScript Latin 1 Encoding
The PostScript Latin 1 Encoding  (often spelled ISOLatin1Encoding) is one of the character sets (or encoding vectors) used by Adobe Systems' PostScript (PS) since 1984 (1982). In 1995, IBM assigned code page 1277 (CCSID 1277) to this character set. It is a superset of ISO 8859-1.

CCSID
A CCSID (coded character set identifier) is a 16-bit number that represents a particular encoding of a specific code page. For example, Unicode is a code page that has several character encoding schemes (referred to as "transformation formats")—including UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32—but which may or may not actually be accompanied by a CCSID number to indicate that this encoding is being used.
2004 Big League World Series
The 2004 Big League World Series took place from July 30-August 7 in Easley, South Carolina, United States. Easley, South Carolina defeated Williamsport,  Pennsylvania in the championship game. It was South Carolina's second straight championship.

Easley, South Carolina
Easley is a city in Pickens County (with parts extending into Anderson County) in the U.S. state of South Carolina. Most of the city lies in Pickens County, with a small portion of the city in Anderson County. As of the 2020 census, Easley had a population of 22,921.

In 2001, Easley hosted the Big League World Series for the first time, and continued to host the tournament annually until it was disbanded in 2016. In 2017, the Senior League World Series moved to Easley as the host for the annual tournament. The Upper South Carolina State Fair is located in Easley and is held annually in early September.
Maple taffy
Maple taffy (sometimes maple toffee in English-speaking Canada, tire d'érable or tire sur la neige in French-speaking Canada; also sugar on snow or candy on the snow or leather aprons in the United States) is a sugar candy made by boiling maple sap past the point where it would form maple syrup, but not so long that it becomes maple butter or maple sugar. It is part of traditional culture in Quebec, Eastern Ontario, New Brunswick and northern New England. In these regions, it is poured onto the snow, then lifted either with a small wooden stick, such as a popsicle stick, or a metal dinner fork.

Sugar candy
Sugar candy is any candy whose primary ingredient is sugar. The main types of sugar candies are hard candies, fondants, caramels, jellies, and nougats. In British English, this broad category of sugar candies is called sweets, and the name candy or sugar-candy is used only for hard candies that are nearly solid sugar.

Sugar candy is a sub-type of candy, which includes sugar candies as well as chocolates, chewing gum and other sweet foods.  Candy, in turn, is a sub-type of confectionery, which also includes sweet pastries and sometimes ice cream.
Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman
The Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman (LGSCO), legally the Commission for Local Administration in England and formerly known as the Local Government Ombudsman (LGO), investigates complaints from members of the public about councils and some other some other authorities and organisations providing public services in England. It also investigates complaints about registered adult social care providers. It is the last stage of the complaints process, for people who have given the council or provider opportunity to resolve the issue first. It is a free service. Similar duties are carried out by the Public Services Ombudsman for Wales, the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman and the Northern Ireland Public Services Ombudsman. As of April 2023, the  (interim) Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman is Paul Najsarek.

Public Services Ombudsman for Wales
The Public Services Ombudsman for Wales (Welsh: Ombwdsmon Gwasanaethau Cyhoeddus Cymru) was established by section 1(1) of the Public Services Ombudsman (Wales) Act 2005. The Public Services Ombudsman for Wales brings together the jurisdictions of various offices she replaced, namely the Local Government Ombudsman for Wales, the Health Service Ombudsman for Wales, the Welsh Administration Ombudsman and the Social Housing Ombudsman for Wales.

The Ombudsman has a dual role.  Firstly, under the above Act, she investigates complaints by members of the public concerning maladministration, failure in a relevant service or failure to provide a relevant service by any "listed authority" in Wales.  Secondly, under the Local Government Act 2000, she is responsible for policing ethical standards in local authorities.

The Ombudsman is appointed by the Monarch.  The current Ombudsman is Michelle Morris who was appointed in April 2022.
Lipoteichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.  These organisms have an inner (or cytoplasmic) membrane and, external to it, a thick (up to 80 nanometer) peptidoglycan layer. The structure of LTA varies between the different species of gram-positive bacteria and may contain long chains of ribitol or glycerol phosphate.  LTA is anchored to the cell membrane via a diacylglycerol. It acts as  regulator of autolytic wall enzymes (muramidases). It has antigenic properties being able to stimulate specific immune response.

LTA may bind to target cells non-specifically through membrane phospholipids, or specifically to CD14 and to Toll-like receptors.  Binding to TLR-2 has shown to induce NF-κB expression(a central transcription factor), elevating expression of both pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. Its activation also induces mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation along with phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation.

Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or  diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Two possible forms exist, 1,2-diacylglycerols and 1,3-diacylglycerols. Diglycerides are natural components of food fats, though minor in comparison to triglycerides.  DAGs can act as surfactants and are commonly used as emulsifiers in processed foods. DAG-enriched oil (particularly 1,3-DAG) has been investigated extensively as a fat substitute due to its ability to suppress the accumulation of body fat; with total annual sales of approximately USD 200 million in Japan since its introduction in the late 1990s till 2009.
Fosopamine
Fosopamine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code names SIM-2055, Z-2055; also known as fosfenamine or N-methyldopamine 4-O-phosphate) is a dopamine receptor agonist of the phenethylamine and catecholamine families which was under development for the treatment of hypertension but was never marketed. It is taken orally. Fosopamine is a prodrug of epinine (N-methyldopaine) and is said to be selectively metabolized into epinine in the kidneys. The drug was being developed by AstraZeneca and Zambon Group SpA. It reached phase 2 clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Scaphochlamys polyphylla
Scaphochlamys polyphylla is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Karl Moritz Schumann, and got its current name from Brian Laurence Burtt and Rosemary Margaret Smith. Scaphochlamys polyphylla is part of the genus Scaphochlamys and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

B. L. Burtt
Brian Laurence "Bill" Burtt FRSE FLS (27 August 1913 – 30 May 2008), was an English botanist and taxonomist who is noted for his contributions to the family Gesneriaceae.  In a career that spanned 74 years, he worked first at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and then at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE). He made numerous field trips to South Africa and Sarawak and described a total of 637 new plant species. Burtt is denoted by the author abbreviation B.L.Burtt when citing a botanical name.