hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steven Reingold
Steven Jack Reingold (born 7 August 1998) is a South African-born English first-class cricketer.

Reingold was born at Cape Town in August 1998. He moved to England at a young age and was educated in London at the Jewish Free School, before going up to Cardiff University. While studying at Cardiff, he made his First-class debut for Cardiff MCCU against Somerset on 26 March 2019 and played against Sussex in the same year. He scored 29 runs in his two matches, while with his off break bowling he took 3 wickets at an expensive average of 85.33. He made his List A debut on 22 July 2021, for Glamorgan in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Ostriker
Ostriker is a surname. Notable people with this name include:

Alicia Ostriker (born 1937), American poet, married to Jeremiah, mother of Eve

David M. Ostriker (born 1947), American documentary filmmaker, winner of 2003 Donald Brittain Award, brother of Jeremiah

Eve Ostriker (born 1965), American astrophysicist, daughter of Alicia and Jeremiah

Jeremiah P. Ostriker (1937–2025), American astrophysicist, married to Alicia, father of Eve, brother of David

Jon Ostriker, American correspondence chess player, ICCF U.S.A. grandmaster

Marilyn Ostriker (1929-2014), American Ophthalmologist, married to Paul, mother of Glenn

Paul Ostriker (1926-2017), American Ophthalmologist, married to Marilyn, father of Glenn

Glenn Ostriker, American Ophthalmologist

Eve Ostriker
Eve Charis Ostriker (born 1965) is an American astrophysicist, known for her research on star formation and on related topics involving superbubbles, molecular clouds, young stars, computational fluid dynamics, and supersonic turbulence. She is a professor in the Department of Astrophysical Sciences of Princeton University.
Joshua Oppenheimer
Joshua Lincoln Oppenheimer (born September 23, 1974) is an American and British film director based in Copenhagen, Denmark. He directed the Oscar-nominated films The Act of Killing (2012) and The Look of Silence (2014), as well as his 2024 narrative debut, The End. Oppenheimer was a 1997 Marshall Scholar and a 2014 recipient of the MacArthur fellowship.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film is an award for documentary films. In 1941, the first awards for feature-length documentaries were bestowed as Special Awards to Kukan and Target for Tonight. They have since been bestowed competitively each year, with the exception of 1946. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive.
Pengorffwysfa
Pengorffwysfa is a village in Anglesey, in north-west Wales. It is one of several dispersed settlements in the central area of Llaneilian Community, north of Penysarn and south of Llaneilian village.

The village lies on the crossroad between Penysarn and Porth Eilian and Point Lynas Lighthouse, with turnings down towards Amlwch Port and Amlwch town, and the ascent for Llaneilian Mountain and heading towards Dulas Bay. This road forms part of the National Cycle Network Route 566, known as the Copper Trail, taking in the north coast of Anglesey that is designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and the nearby remains of the historical copper mines at Parys Mountain.

The village has a Calvinist chapel, Capel Seilo, built in 1835 to replace a smaller chapel built in 1826. The Chapel closed in 1999 with services continuing in the adjoining Sunday school rooms built in 1896

National Cycle Network
The National Cycle Network (NCN) was established to encourage cycling and walking throughout the United Kingdom, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant.

However, Sustrans themselves only own around 2% of the paths on the network, the rest being made of existing public highways and rights of way, and permissive paths negotiated by Sustrans with private landowners.

In 2017, the Network was used for over 786 million cycling and walking trips, made by 4.4 million people.

In 2020, around a quarter of the NCN was scrapped on safety grounds, leaving 12,739 miles (20,501 km) of signed routes. These are made up of 5,220 miles (8,400 km) of traffic-free paths with the remaining 7,519 miles (12,101 km) on-road. It uses shared use paths, disused railways, minor roads, canal towpaths and traffic-calmed routes in towns and cities.
Chengdu J-36
The Chengdu J-36 (Chinese: 歼-36; pinyin: Jiān Sānliù) is a speculative designation given by military analysts to a trijet tailless diamond-double-delta winged aircraft under development by the Chengdu Aircraft Corporation (CAC). As part of China's sixth-generation aircraft development program, the heavy stealth aircraft is envisioned for multiple mission set, including air superiority, strike, interception and command and control of aircraft teaming operations.

On 26 December 2024, an aircraft believed to be a J-36 was spotted conducting test flights in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Since the aircraft's serial number (36011) begins with '36,' following the People's Liberation Army Air Force convention, this model was presumably designated as J-36.

Electro-optical targeting system
An electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), is a system employed to track and locate targets in aerial warfare. It can use charge-coupled device TV cameras, laser rangefinders and laser designators.

EOTS technology is designed for day and night operations, features stabilized lines of sight and automatic target tracking allowing operators to engage targets with high accuracy. They can be deployed on platforms such as aircraft, armored vehicles, or naval systems, providing extended-range detection of ground and aerial threats.
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1
The 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group 1 was a UEFA qualifying group for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The group comprised 2006 fourth-place finishers Portugal, along with Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, Albania and Malta.

The group was won by Denmark, who qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The runners-up Portugal entered the UEFA play-off stage.

Malta national football team
The Malta national football team (Maltese: Tim nazzjonali tal-futbol ta' Malta) represents Malta in men's international football and is controlled by the Malta Football Association, the governing body for football in Malta.

The first official game played by Malta was a 3–2 defeat in a friendly against Austria in 1957. Their competitive debut arrived five years later, playing against Denmark in the preliminary round of the 1964 European Nations' Cup. Malta have competed in every qualifier for the European Championship since 1964 (except 1968) and FIFA World Cup since 1974, but have never made it to the finals of any major international competition.
April 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
April 11 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - April 13

All fixed commemorations below are observed on April 25 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For April 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on March 30.

La Trinità della Cava
The Territorial abbey of La Trinità della Cava (Latin: Abbatia Territorialis Sanctissimae Trinitatis Cavensis), commonly known as Badia di Cava, is a Benedictine territorial abbey located near Cava de' Tirreni, in the province of Salerno, southern Italy. It stands in a gorge of the Finestre Hills.
Allstate
The Allstate Corporation is an American insurance company, headquartered in Glenview, Illinois (with a Northbrook, Illinois address) since 2022. Founded in 1931 as part of Sears, Roebuck and Co., it was spun off in 1993, but was still partially owned by Sears until it became an independent company completely in June 1995.  The company also has personal line insurance operations in Canada.

Allstate is a large corporation, and with 2018 revenues of $39.8 billion, it ranked 79th in the 2019 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Its long-running advertising campaign, in use since 1950, asks, "Are you in good hands?", and the recognizable logo portrays a pair of human hands.

Glenview, Illinois
Glenview is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) northwest of the Downtown Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 48,705. The Village of Glenview is governed by New Trier and Northfield townships.
Marta Kristen
Marta Kristen (born February 26, 1945) is a Norwegian-born American actress.

Kristen is best known for her role as Judy Robinson, the oldest child of Professor John Robinson and his wife, Maureen, in the television series Lost in Space (1965–1968). Her character was a young adult, around 20 years of age.

Beach Blanket Bingo
Beach Blanket Bingo is a 1965 American beach party film directed by William Asher. It is the fifth film in the Beach Party film series. The film stars Frankie Avalon, Annette Funicello, Linda Evans, Deborah Walley, Paul Lynde, and Don Rickles. Earl Wilson and Buster Keaton appear. Evans's singing voice was dubbed by Jackie Ward. It was the last time Avalon had the lead in a beach party film.
Shirley Young
Shirley Young (simplified Chinese: 杨雪兰; traditional Chinese: 楊雪蘭; pinyin: Yáng Xuělán; May 25, 1935 – December 26, 2020) was an American businesswoman. She was an executive at Grey Advertising and later at General Motors (GM). She was also a cultural ambassador between the United States and China.

Grey Global Group
Grey Group is a global advertising and marketing agency with headquarters in New York City, and 432 offices in 96 countries, operating in 154 cities. It is organized into geographical units: North America; Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America.

It is a unit of communications conglomerate WPP Group.
Rhug
Rhug (normally Y Rug in Welsh; sometimes given the antiquarian spelling Rûg) is a township in the parish of Corwen, Denbighshire, Wales, formerly in the old cantref of Edeirnion and later a part of Merionethshire, two miles from Corwen and ten miles north east of Bala. It includes the hamlet of Bonwen. It is situated near the River Dee, under Berwyn range. About 1150, it was ruled by the Maer Du or "Black Mayor of Rhug" and later became part of the lands of the barons of Edeirnion (see Hughes of Gwerclas) who ruled from Gwerclas Castle.

Bala, Gwynedd
Bala (Welsh: Y Bala) is a town and community in Gwynedd, Wales. Formerly an urban district, Bala lies in the historic county of Merionethshire, at the north end of Llyn Tegid. According to the 2021 census, Bala had a population of 1,999 and 72.5 per cent of the population could speak Welsh.
Luke Shackleton
Luke Shackleton (born 17 November 1984) is an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Shackleton was a second round draft selection by Collingwood, on the back of his Morrish Medal winning performances with the Tassie Mariners in the 2002 TAC Cup season.

He played at Williamstown in 2003, the feeder club for Collingwood which compete in the Victorian Football League. The following year he made his AFL debut, against Richmond on the Melbourne Cricket Ground. He played as a midfielder but spent much of the match on the bench.

Delisted without playing another game, Shackleton joined the Tasmanian Devils in 2005. He later returned to his original club, the Burnie Dockers, whom he would captain in the 2011 Tasmanian Football League season.

Williamstown Football Club
The Williamstown Football Club, nicknamed the Seagulls, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Williamstown. The club currently competes in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and VFL Women's (VFLW) competitions.
Potamilus capax
Potamilus capax, the fat pocketbook pearly mussel or fat pocketbook, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is a federally listed endangered species.

It occurs in the St. Francis, Ohio, and Mississippi River drainages in the United States. Threats to the species include habitat destruction and modification due to dams, channels, dredging, and pollutant spills. Since its listing under the Endangered Species Act in 1976, the fat pocketbook has significantly recovered, with multiple abundant, viable populations. In a 5-year review in 2019, the US Fish and Wildlife Service recommended delisting the species as recovered.

Unionidae
The Unionidae are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order Unionida, the bivalve molluscs sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.

The range of distribution for this family is world-wide. It is at its most diverse in North America, with about 297 recognised taxa, but China and Southeast Asia also support very diverse faunas.

Freshwater mussels occupy a wide range of habitats, but most often occupy lotic waters, i.e. flowing water such as rivers, streams and creeks.
Idaea (mother of King Teucer)
In Greek mythology, Idaea or Idaia (Ancient Greek: Ἰδαία means 'she who comes from Ida' or 'she who lives on Ida') was a nymph, presumably of Mount Ida in the ancient Troad region of western Anatolia (in modern-day Turkey). She was the wife of the river-god Scamander,  and a principal ancestor of the royal house of Troy.

According to Diodorus Siculus, and the mythographer Apollodorus, she was the mother, by Scamander, of Teucer, who was the first to rule as a king over the region known later as Troy. In addition to a son, Apollodorus goes on to mention two daughters of Scamander, presumably also by Idaea, Callirrhoe and Strymo.  Callirrhoe became the wife of Tros, the eponymous hero of Troy and the Trojans. and Strymo, the wife of Laomedon the king of Troy, and father of Priam the king of Troy during the Trojan War.

Tros (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Tros (/ˈtrɒs/; Ancient Greek: Τρώς, Ancient Greek: [trɔ́ːs]) was the founder of the kingdom of Troy, of which the city of Ilios, founded by his son Ilus took the same name, and the son of Erichthonius by Astyoche (daughter of the river god Simoeis) or of Ilus I, from whom he inherited the throne. Tros was the father of three sons: Ilus, Assaracus and Ganymede and two daughters, Cleopatra and Cleomestra. He is the eponym of Troy, also named Ilion for his son Ilus. Tros's wife was said to be Callirrhoe, daughter of the river god Scamander, or Acallaris, daughter of Eumedes.

Another Tros was a Trojan warrior. According to Homer's Iliad, he is the son of the Lycian Alastor and he was slain by Achilles.
Léonel Beaudoin
Léonel Beaudoin (September 13, 1924 – July 28, 2021) was a Canadian politician and insurance agent.

Born in Cookshire, Quebec in September 1924, Beaudoin was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1968 federal election as a Member of the Ralliement Créditiste to represent the riding of Richmond. After that party merged with the Social Credit Party of Canada, he was re-elected as a Social Credit candidate in the 1972 and 1974 federal elections. He ran unsuccessfully in the 1965 election in the riding of Richmond—Wolfe. He was a member of various standing committees.

Beaudoin died in Bromptonville, Quebec in July 2021 at the age of 96.

1974 Canadian federal election
The 1974 Canadian federal election was held on July 8, 1974, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 30th Parliament of Canada.  The governing Liberal Party was reelected, going from a minority to a majority government, and gave Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau his third term. The Progressive Conservatives, led by Robert Stanfield, did well in the Atlantic provinces, and in the West, but Liberal support in Ontario and Quebec ensured a majority Liberal government.
Dorsal venous arch of the foot
The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein.  Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein.

It is usually fairly easy to palpate and visualize (if the patient is barefoot).  It lies superior to the metatarsal bones approximately midway between the ankle joint and metatarsal phalangeal joints.

Surface anatomy
Surface anatomy (also called superficial anatomy and visual anatomy) is the study of the external features of the body of an animal. In birds, this is termed topography. Surface anatomy deals with anatomical features that can be studied by sight, without dissection. As such, it is a branch of gross anatomy, along with endoscopic and radiological anatomy. Surface anatomy is a descriptive science. In particular, in the case of human surface anatomy, these are the form and proportions of the human body and the surface landmarks which correspond to deeper structures hidden from view, both in static pose and in motion.

In addition, the science of surface anatomy includes the theories and systems of body proportions and related artistic canons. The study of surface anatomy is the basis for depicting the human body in classical art.

Some pseudo-sciences such as physiognomy, phrenology and palmistry rely on surface anatomy.
The Herring Merchant
The Herring Merchant is a c. 1660 painting by Gabriël Metsu. It has been in the Musée Fabre in Montpellier, France, since 1836.

The central figure is a woman dressed in the red and blue colors often associated with market-sellers in the 17th-century Northern Netherlands. Like other contemporary painters, Metsu has chosen the subject of raw herring and onions, a favorite Dutch snack still sold on Dutch street markets today. The motif is also one that Metsu returned to regularly, possibly painted for inns where customers could be tempted to order such a snack.

A woman selling herring and onions door-to-door

A woman buying fish and onions

Herring seller and a boy (by Metsu's teacher Gerrit Dou)

Gerrit Dou
Gerrit Dou (pronounced [ˈɣɛrɪt dʌu]; 7 April 1613 – 9 February 1675), also known as Gerard Douw or Dow, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, whose small, highly polished paintings are typical of the Leiden fijnschilders. He specialised in genre scenes and is noted for his trompe-l'œil "niche" paintings and candlelit night-scenes with strong chiaroscuro. He was a student of Rembrandt.
Selective organ targeting
Selective organ targeting (SORT) is a novel approach in the field of targeted drug delivery that systematically engineers multiple classes of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to enable targeted delivery of therapeutics to specific organs in the body. The SORT molecule alters tissue tropism by adjusting the composition and physical characteristics of the nanoparticle. Adding a permanently cationic lipid, a permanently anionic lipid, or ionizable amino lipid increases delivery to the lung, spleen, and liver, respectively. SORT LNPs utilize SORT molecules to accurately tune and mediate gene delivery and editing, resulting in predictable and manageable protein synthesis from mRNA in particular organ(s), which can potentially improve the efficacy of drugs while reducing side effects.

Tissue tropism
Tissue tropism is the range of cells and tissues of a host that support growth of a particular pathogen, such as a virus, bacterium or parasite.

Some bacteria and viruses have a broad tissue tropism and can infect many types of cells and tissues. Other viruses may infect primarily a single tissue. For example, rabies virus affects primarily neuronal tissue. Similarly, JC virus (JCV) primarily affects and resides in kidneys.
Lake Khanskoye
Lake Khanskoye ("Khan's Lake", Ханское озеро; also Tatar Lake, Татарское озеро) is a salt lake near Yeysk, in Yeysky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The lake is 19 kilometres (12 miles) long and 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) wide. It has a  depth of up to 1.8 metres (5.9 ft).

A narrow spit separates it from the eastern shore of the Sea of Azov. It used to be an inlet of the sea and was connected to the Baisug Lagoon. The lake is about 12 times saltier than the neighbouring sea. In a hot summer the lake dries up exposing large deposits of mud which may be used for balneological purposes. Legend has it that one khan of Crimea liked to bathe in the lake's healing waters, hence the name.

The Khanskoye has several islets with large nestings of great cormorants and Dalmatian pelicans. The shape and configuration of the islets have been changing over the years.

Great cormorant
The great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), also known as just cormorant in Britain, as black shag or kawau in New Zealand, formerly also known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, and the large cormorant in India, is a widespread member of the cormorant family of seabirds. It breeds in much of the Old World, Australasia, and the Atlantic coast of North America.
Tallinn Olympic Yachting Centre
Tallinn Olympic Yachting Centre (Estonian: Tallinna Olümpiapurjespordikeskus, abbreviated TOP; also Pirita Yachting Centre) is a sport complex in Pirita, Tallinn, Estonia.

The complex built in 1980 as sailing infrastructure for Moscow Summer Olympic Games.

The complex was projected by architects Henno Sepmann, Peep Jänes, Ants Raid and Avo-Himm Looveer.

Since 1997 the complex is under protection as the object of architectural heritage of Estonia.

Peep Jänes
Peep Jänes (born 26 December 1936 in Rakvere, Estonia) is an Estonian architect.

He graduated from Tallinn Secondary School No. 2 (Tallinna Reaalkool) in 1955 and studied in the TPI from 1955 to 1958 and from 1958 to 1963 in the ERKI, where he graduated as an architect. Peep Jänes is one of Estonia's most important Soviet-era architects who developed daring formal solutions during difficult times. His five decades of work are characterized by well-publicized buildings and objects of significance. Peep Jänes has designed over 300 buildings, projects and competitions.

He acted mainly during the Soviet period – 1970s and 1980s. His architectural style is predominantly modernist. He worked in Tallinn in 1963–68 and 1975–1993 in the "Estonian Project". 1968–1975 "Land Design Project" and 1994 "Kolde Project".

Since 1964, he has been a member of the Architectural Union.
Thanya Iyer
Thanya Iyer is a Canadian singer and violinist from Montreal, Quebec, whose album KIND was longlisted for the 2021 Polaris Music Prize.

Her debut album, Do You Dream?, was released in 2016, followed by Do You Dream? Mixtape in 2018 and KIND in 2020. In 2022, she released the EP Rest.

Her third album, TIDE/TIED, was released on April 30, 2025. Iyer noted music from Moses Sumney, Beverly Glenn-Copeland, Florist, Pompey, Macie Stewart, Sudan Archives, Nick Hakim, Emilie Kahn, Kara Jackson, Land of Talk, KAINA and Genevieve Artadi as inspiration for this album. Pop critics from The New York Times mentioned that "I Am Here Now" was "a five-minute haven of wellness." She went on tour later in the year with along with Tenci, La Luz and The Dears to support the album in the U.S., Canada, and Europe.

Kaina (singer)
Kaina Castillo (born January 22, 1996), known simply as, KAINA (stylized in all caps), is an American singer-songwriter. On July 12, 2019, she released her debut album, Next to the Sun. In 2022, she released her second studio album, It Was a Home.