hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Explorer 18
Explorer 18, also called IMP-A, IMP-1, Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-1 and S-74, was a NASA satellite launched as part of the Explorer program. Explorer 18 was launched on 27 November 1963 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Florida, with a Thor-Delta C launch vehicle. Explorer 18 was the first satellite of the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP). Explorer 21 (IMP-B) launched in October 1964 and Explorer 28 (IMP-C) launched in May 1965 also used the same general spacecraft design.

Delta (rocket family)
The Delta rocket family was a versatile range of American rocket-powered expendable launch systems that provided space launch capability in the United States from 1960 to 2024. Japan also launched license-built derivatives (N-I, N-II, and H-I) from 1975 to 1992. More than 300 Delta rockets were launched with a 95% success rate.  The series was phased out in favor of the Vulcan Centaur, with the Delta IV Heavy rocket's last launch occurring on April 9, 2024.
36 Andromedae
36 Andromedae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda, which is part of a triple star system. The designation is from the star catalogue of English astronomer John Flamsteed, first published in 1712. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.45. An annual parallax shift of 26.33 mas yields a distance estimate of about 124 light years. The system is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −0.8 km/s.

John Flamsteed
John Flamsteed FRS (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal. His main achievements were the preparation of a 3,000-star catalogue, Catalogus Britannicus, and a star atlas called Atlas Coelestis, both published posthumously. He also made the first recorded observations of Uranus, although he mistakenly catalogued it as a star, and he laid the foundation stone for the Royal Greenwich Observatory.
St George's Park National Football Centre
St George's Park (SGP) is the English Football Association's national football centre (NFC) built on a 330-acre (130 ha) site at Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire. The centre was officially opened by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge on 9 October 2012.

The purpose of the centre is to be the base for all coaching and development work undertaken by the FA, and to be the training and preparation ground for all 28 of the England national football teams at the same time, including disability, futsal and those who compete in UEFA and FIFA competitions such as:

Men's Senior, U-21, U-20, U-19 and U-17.

Women's Senior, U-21, U-19 and U-17.

England women's national under-21 football team
The England women's national under-21 football team, also known as England women Under-21s or England women U21(s), was a youth association football team operated under the auspices of The Football Association. Its primary role was the development of players in preparation for the senior England women's national football team. In 2021, the England women's under-23 team replaced the purpose of the under-21 team, in order to increase the opportunities for young players.

The U21 team was reinstated as an age group from 2018 until 2021. During this era, the team helped develop players after each U-20 World Cup. They took part in the Nordic Cup, previously contested by the then defunct U23s, and in non-World Cup years (bi-annually). It provided a World Cup-type programme to keep the flow and consistency of preparation for England seniors.
Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2008
The Department of Health and Human Services Appropriations Act of 2008 or the HHS-Labor-Education Appropriations Bill (H.R. 3043) is a bill introduced in the House of Representatives during the 110th United States Congress by Rep. David Obey.

President G.W. Bush vetoed the act because of the cost and because it would ban the use of childhood flu vaccines that contain thimerosal, a mercury-based preservative that has been falsely claimed to cause autism.

Thiomersal
Thiomersal (INN), or thimerosal (USAN, JAN), also sold under the name merthiolate, is an organomercury compound. It is a well-established antiseptic and antifungal agent.

It has been used as a preservative in vaccines, immunoglobulin preparations, skin test antigens, antivenins, ophthalmic and nasal products, and tattoo inks. Despite the scientific consensus that fears about its safety are unsubstantiated, its use as a vaccine preservative has been exploited by anti-vaccination groups.
Jeff de Luna
Jeffrey de Luna (born February 14, 1984) is a Filipino professional pool player from Manila. De Luna reached the semifinals of the 2019 U.S. Open Pool Championship, but would lose to eventual champion Joshua Filler of Germany.

De Luna is well known for his cue power and having one of the most powerful breaks of any player; hence, he was nicknamed "the Bull". He breaks the ball with tremendous power while jumping straight up into the air. In one match against Ruslan Chinaknov, de Luna made an incredible six balls in a break, playing nine balls.

WPA World Nine-ball Championship
The WPA World Nine-ball Championship is an annual professional nine-ball pool tournament contested since 1990. The championship is sanctioned by the World Pool Association (WPA) and principally sponsored and organized by Matchroom Sport, who promote the event as the World Pool Championship.  The championship has men's, women's, youth and wheelchair divisions.
William Sullivan (pitcher)
William F. Sullivan (March 12, 1864 – September 27, 1911) was a professional baseball player. He appeared in one game in Major League Baseball for the St. Louis Maroons of the Union Association in 1884.

Union Association
The Union Association was an American professional baseball league which competed with Major League Baseball, lasting for just the 1884 season. St. Louis won the pennant and joined the National League the following season.

Seven of the twelve teams who were in the Association at some point during the season did not play a full schedule: four teams folded during the season and were replaced, while  Chicago moved to Pittsburgh in late August.
Albania Defiant
Albania Defiant (Swedish: Albansk utmaning) is a travel book by the Swedish authors Gun Kessle and Jan Myrdal, originally published in 1970 and translated to English in 1976 by Paul Britten Austin. It was reprinted in 1986, with six additional new chapters. In Swedish it was published by  PAN/Nordstedt, in English by Monthly Review Press.

The book, which is deeply sympathetic to the Party of Labour of Albania (PPSh), was written by Kessle and Myrdal – who were married until Kessle's death in 2007 – about their travels in the People's Republic of Albania. It deals with a number of issues, including the country's economy, culture and history, as well as the political leadership of Enver Hoxha.

Norstedts förlag
Norstedts Förlag is a book publishing company in Sweden. Norstedts is Sweden's oldest publishing house and one of the largest in the country. It was founded in 1823 by Per Adolf Norstedt, under the name P. A. Norstedt & Söner ("P. A. Norstedt & Sons").
2025 Mercer Tennis Classic
The 2025 Mercer Tennis Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Macon, Georgia, United States between 13 and 19 October 2025.

Rasheeda McAdoo
Rasheeda McAdoo (born June 30, 1995) is an American professional tennis player. She has career-high rankings of No. 492 in singles, achieved on May 5, 2025, and No. 148 in doubles, achieved on June 9, 2025. She played collegiate tennis at Georgia Tech.
Vladimir Makhnutin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Makhnutin (Russian: Владимир Владимирович Махнутин; born 28 October 1987 in Chusovoy, Perm Krai), or Vladimir Machnutin, is a Russian luger who has competed since 1997. His best Luge World Cup finish was 15th in men's doubles in 2007–08.

Makhnutin's best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships was 16th in the men's doubles event twice (2007, 2008). He also finished 12th in the men's doubles event at the 2008 FIL European Luge Championships in Cesana.

Makhutin also qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics where he finished tenth.

FIL European Luge Championships 2008
The FIL European Luge Championships 2008 took place January 7-13, 2008 at the Cesana Pariol track in Cesana, Italy. The relay competition took the place of the team event that had been held at every European championship since 1988. This event had all teams start at the same part of the track (located at the women's singles/ men's doubles start house), then run down to the finish and tap on a relay marker to exchange from one slider on a team to the next (men's doubles to women's singles to men's singles) with the fastest time winning.
Brother Industries
Brother Industries, Ltd. (stylized in lowercase) (Japanese: ブラザー工業株式会社, Hepburn: Burazā Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese multinational electronics and electrical equipment company headquartered in Nagoya, Japan. Its products include printers, multifunction printers, desktop computers, consumer and industrial sewing machines, large machine tools, label printers, typewriters, fax machines, and other computer-related electronics. Brother distributes its products both under its own name and under OEM agreements with other companies.

Kabushiki gaisha
A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: 株式会社; pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ⓘ; lit. 'share company') or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK, is a type of company (会社, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as "stock company", "joint-stock company" or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan the term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan.
Nándor Fóthy
Nándor Fóthy (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈnaːndor ˈfoːti]) was a Hungarian track and field athlete and one of the best discus throwers of his time. Competing for Nagykanizsai Testnevelési Egylet until 1903 and for Aradi Atlétikai Club subsequently, he won two Hungarian Athletics Championships titles in discus throw in 1903 and 1904. In 1902 he became the first discus thrower to breach the 40-meters mark (40.61 meters), which was an unofficial world record that time – world records in the men's discus were not recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) until 1912. In 1903 Fóthy further improved his best to 41.80 meters.

Hungarian Athletics Championships
The Hungarian Athletics Championships (Hungarian: Atlétikai Magyar Bajnokság, Országos Bajnokság, magyar bajnokság) are an annual outdoor track and field competition organized and supervised by the Hungarian Athletics Association, which serves as the Hungarian national championships for the sport.
Alpha Caeli
Alpha Caeli is a binary star system in the southern constellation Caelum. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from α Caeli, and abbreviated Alpha Cae or α Cae. With a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.45, it is only visible to the naked eye in places far from light pollution, but still is the brightest star in the constellation. Parallax measurements by the Gaia spacecraft indicate a distance of 66.48 light-years (20.38 pc) to Alpha Caeli. It has a relatively low radial velocity, estimated at 0.7 km/s relative to the Sun.

This system consists of an F-type star of magnitude 4.46 and a small red dwarf of magnitude 12.5. As of 2008, they are separated by 6.6" in the sky. A debris disk has been detected around the primary component of the system.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Irene Eisinger
Irene Eisinger (8 December 1903 – 8 April 1994) was an Austrian and British opera singer and film actress. Her career was closely linked to the foundation and the early years of the Glyndebourne Festival Opera.

Elizabeth Forbes (musicologist)
Elizabeth Forbes (3 August 1924 – 22 October 2014) was an English author, journalist, music critic, and musicologist who specialised in writing about opera. Actively working as a professional writer and journalist from the early 1970s through 2013, her main areas of interest were 19th and 20th-century opera (French and Scandinavian in particular) and singers, both historical and present-day. She published multiple books related to opera and contributed many reviews and articles to several notable periodicals and newspapers internationally, including the Financial Times, The Independent, The Musical Times, Opera, Opera Canada and Opera News among several others.
Rodgers Grant
Rodgers Lee Grant (January 18, 1936 – April 12, 2012) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and lyricist. After working with saxophonist Hugo Dickens in the 1950s, he became pianist for Mongo Santamaría in the 1960s. In 1963, Grant wrote the hit "Yeh! Yeh!" with Pat Patrick. Jon Hendricks wrote lyrics for the song and recorded it with Lambert and Bavan at the Newport Jazz Festival of 1963. Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames had a hit with the song in 1965.

Trombonist Scott Whitfield recorded two of Grant's compositions on Scott Whitfield Jazz Orchestra East – Live at Birdland (2004).

Grant served in the United States Army.

Grant moved to Paulding, Ohio in 2006 and died on April 12, 2012, at the age of 76 in Defiance, Ohio after suffered several types of cancer.

Defiance, Ohio
Defiance is a city in Defiance County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 17,066 at the 2020 census. It is located at the confluence of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers about 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Toledo and 47 miles (76 km) northeast of Fort Wayne, Indiana, in Ohio's northwestern corner.
1860 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1860 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on August 6, 1860, and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Claiborne Fox Jackson.  Jackson defeated the nominee of the Constitutional Union Party, Sample Orr, and Southern "Brekenridge" Democrat Former Gov. Hancock Lee Jackson to become the fifteenth governor of Missouri. Republican James B. Gardenhire also ran in the election, but received a negligible number of votes, despite Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, receiving 10% of the statewide vote in the presidential race.

Before the next election in 1864, three men would serve as Governor of Missouri: first, Claiborne Fox Jackson until his defection to the Confederacy in July 1861, then Hamilton Rowan Gamble until his death in January 1864, and finally Lt. Gov Willard Preble Hall.

Willard P. Hall
William Willard Preble Hall (May 9, 1820 – November 2, 1882) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as the 17th Governor of Missouri from 1864 to 1865 during the last years of the American Civil War.
Colorado Center Party
The Colorado Center Party is a minor third party in the United States state of Colorado, primarily centered around its second congressional district, promoting a centrist political program. The party achieved minor party status in September 2023.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
Common Mexican tree frog
The common Mexican tree frog (Smilisca baudinii) is a nocturnal species of tree frog whose native range extends from the Sonoran Desert and the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas south to Costa Rica. Common names include Mexican tree frog, Baudin's tree frog and Van Vliet's frog. They are usually found within lightly forested areas near permanent sources of water.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits
Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits (English: "Extraordinary News from Various Places") or Gazette de Leyde (Gazette of Leiden) was the most important newspaper of record of the international European newspapers of the late 17th to the late 18th century. In the last few decades of the 18th century it was one of the main political newspapers in the Western world.

It was published in French in Leiden, Netherlands. At that time the Netherlands enjoyed a significant freedom of the press. Its circulation likely exceeded 10,000, and it may have reached even up to 100,000.

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
Hovhannes Tumanyan
Hovhannes Tumanyan (Armenian: Հովհաննես Թումանյան, classical spelling: Յովհաննէս Թումանեան, February 19 [O.S. February 7] 1869 – March 23, 1923) was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the national poet of Armenia.

Tumanyan wrote poems, quatrains, ballads, novels, fables, and critical and journalistic articles. His works were mostly written in the style of realism, frequently revolving around the everyday life of his time. Born in the historical village of Dsegh in the Lori region, at a young age Tumanyan moved to Tiflis, which was the centre of Armenian culture under the Russian Empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries. He soon became known to the wide Armenian society for his simple but very poetic works.

Many films and animated films have been adapted from Tumanyan's works. Two operas, Anush (1912) by Armen Tigranian and Almast (1930) by Alexander Spendiaryan, were written based on his works.

Literary realism
Literary realism is a movement and genre of literature that attempts to represent mundane and ordinary subject-matter in a faithful and straightforward way, avoiding grandiose or exotic subject-matter, exaggerated portrayals, and speculative elements such as supernatural events and alternative worlds. It encompasses both fiction (realistic fiction) and nonfiction writing. Literary realism is a subset of the broader realist art movement that began with mid-nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal) and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin). It  attempts to represent familiar things, including everyday activities and experiences, as they truly are.
Creation of Yugoslavia
The creation of Yugoslavia encompasses historical processes and political activities that resulted in the creation of Yugoslavia as a state in 1918. Already during the 19th century, Yugoslavism became a popular concept among various South Slavic political groups, and also within intelligentsia. Some of those ideas, aimed at the formation of a unified Yugoslav state, were achieved after the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I (1918), when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created. However, the state was better known colloquially as Yugoslavia, and in 1929 the name was made official when the country was formally renamed the "Kingdom of Yugoslavia". The creation of Yugoslavia was initially wanted by many, particularly Croats and Slovenes, who wanted to liberate themselves from Austro-Hungarian rule and have a country where they would have equal rights.

State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was a political entity that was constituted in October 1918, at the end of World War I, by Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (Prečani) residing in what were the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although internationally unrecognised, this was the first incarnation of a Yugoslav state founded on the Pan-Slavic ideology. Thirty-three days after it was proclaimed, the state joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Chia seed
Chia seeds (/tʃiːə/ CHEE-ə) are the edible seeds of Salvia hispanica, a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to central and southern Mexico, or of the related Salvia columbariae, Salvia polystachia, or Salvia tiliifolia. Chia seeds are oval and gray with black and white spots, and have a diameter of around 1–2 millimetres (0.04–0.08 in). The seeds are hygroscopic, absorbing up to 12 times their weight in liquid when soaked and developing a mucilaginous coating that gives chia-based foods and beverages a distinctive gel texture.

There is evidence that the crop was widely cultivated by the Aztecs in pre-Columbian times and was a staple food for Mesoamerican cultures. Chia seeds are cultivated on a small scale in their ancestral homeland of central Mexico and Guatemala and commercially throughout Central and South America.

Gel
A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.

Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way, gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatine.

The process of forming a gel is called gelation.
Julie Bines
Julie Bines is a clinician and researcher working in Melbourne, Australia. Alongside being a professor and deputy head of the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Melbourne, she is also a paediatric gastroenterologist at the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne and is the leader of the Enteric Diseases group at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute. Bines is the joint head of the WHO Collaborative Centre for Child Health and founding member of Women in Global Health Australia.

“Think broadly, don’t be siloed within your own discipline; listen to what’s happening in the community.” Bines, in an interview with Engaging Women.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI) is an Australian paediatric medical research institute located in Melbourne, Victoria. It is affiliated with the Royal Children's Hospital and the University of Melbourne. The institute has six research themes: stem cell medicine, clinical sciences, genetics, infection and immunity, population health, and data science.