hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Investor Program for Residence and Citizenship in Bulgaria
The Investor Program for Residence and Citizenship in Bulgaria (also known as the Bulgarian Immigrant Investor Program) was founded in 2009 and implemented following the decisive legislation actions of the Bulgarian Government to attract foreign investment and business interest in the country. In return, investors and their families obtain Permanent Residence Permits and become eligible for Bulgarian citizenship.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
Memphis Blues Tour
The Memphis Blues Tour was the eleventh concert tour by American recording artist Cyndi Lauper, in support of her eleventh studio album. The tour visited the Americas, Asia, Australia and Europe. During the trek, Lauper performed at numerous jazz festivals including the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, Jazz à Vienne and Jazz Fest Wien. In the fall of 2011, Lauper continued the tour as a co-headlining show  with Dr. John titled From Memphis to Mardi Gras. Lauper performed over a hundred concerts beginning in June 2010 and ending in November 2011.

Dr. John
Malcolm John Rebennack Jr. (November 20, 1941 – June 6, 2019), better known by his stage name Dr. John, was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. His music combined New Orleans blues, jazz, R&B, soul and funk.

Active as a session musician from the late 1950s until his death, he gained a following in the late 1960s after the release of his album Gris-Gris (1968) and his appearance at the Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music (1970). He typically performed a lively, theatrical stage show inspired by medicine shows, Mardi Gras costumes, and voodoo ceremonies. Rebennack recorded thirty studio albums and nine live albums, as well as contributing to thousands of other musicians' recordings. In 1973, he achieved a top-10 hit single with "Right Place, Wrong Time".
Achroonema
Achroonema is a genus of bacteria with uncertain systematics.
The family Pelonemataceae was created for colorless, filamentous bacteria found in lake hypolimnia and sulfur springs. It includes the genera Achroonema, Pelonema, Peloploca, and Desmanthos.
The genus was described in 1948 by Heinrich Leonhards Skuja.

Species:

Achroonema angustatum (Koppe) Skuja

Achroonema articulatum Skuja

Achroonema gotlandicum Skuja

Achroonema inaequale Skuja

Achroonema lentum Skuja

Achroonema macromeres Skuja

Achroonema proteiforme Skuja

Achroonema simplex Skuja

Achroonema spiroideum Skuja

Achroonema splendens Skuja

Achroonema sporogenum Skuja

Achroonema subsalsum Behre

Heinrichs Skuja
Heinrichs Leonhards Skuja (Latvian: Heinrihs Skuja; 8 September 1892 – 19 July 1972) was a Latvian phycologist active in the 20th century. He is considered an outstanding phycologist and protistologist of his time.

Skuja was actively involved in the study of Latvian algae beginning in 1924. After escaping to Sweden in 1944 near the end of World War II, he continued researching algal systematics and ecology in Uppsala. He received several academic awards from both countries for his contributions to phycology. Due to his extensive knowledge of algae, he received samples from scientific expeditions around the world to be identified by him. He described thousands of new taxa and published over 70 papers and monographs that were accompanied by his own scientific illustrations. In his private life, he invested time in art and music, and was well-regarded by his friends and colleagues.
William Ive (Leicester MP)
William Ive (1597 – 31 August 1641) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1624.

Ive was of Leicestershire and matriculated at Lincoln College, Oxford on 26 April 1616, aged 18.

He was made Mayor of Leicester for 1615–16, 1625–6 and 1634–5. In 1624, he was elected Member of Parliament for Leicester in the Happy Parliament.

4th Parliament of King James I
The 4th Parliament of King James I was the fourth and last Parliament of England of the reign of James I of England, summoned on 30 December 1623, sitting from 19 February 1624 to 29 May 1624, and thereafter kept out of session with repeated prorogations, it was dissolved on the death of the King on 27 March 1625. The Speaker of the House of Commons was Sir Thomas Crewe, the member for Aylesbury.
Economy class
Economy class, also called third class, coach class, steerage, or to distinguish it from the slightly more expensive premium economy class, standard economy class or budget economy class, is the lowest travel class of seating in air travel, rail travel, and sometimes ferry or maritime travel. Historically, this travel class has been called tourist class or third class on ocean liners.

United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and to destinations on six continents. Regional service is provided by independent carriers operating under the United Express brand, and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world.

The principal figure behind the formation of the airline was William E. Boeing, founder of the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1916. He launched an air service between Victoria, British Columbia, and Seattle and later acquired three additional airlines, completing the merger by 1931 to form United Air Lines. Through successive mergers and acquisitions, United has remained one of the largest airlines in the world for much of its history.
Shastina
Shastina is a satellite cone of Mount Shasta.  It is the second youngest of four overlapping volcanic cones which together form the most voluminous stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.  At 12,335 feet (3,760 m), Shastina is taller than Mount Adams and would rank as the third highest volcano in the Cascades behind Mount Rainier and Shasta were it not nestled on the western flank of its higher neighbor.  Shastina has a topographic prominence of over 450 ft (137 m) above the saddle connecting it with Shasta and easily exceeds the typical mountaineering standard of 300 feet (91 m) for a peak to qualify as an independent summit, yet most lists of Cascade volcanoes omit it nonetheless.  The name "Shastina" is a diminutive of Shasta.

Shastina was formed during a VEI-4 eruption around 7650 BC that also involved activity at the summit of Mount Shasta and the Red Banks on Shasta's south flank.

Volcanic explosivity index
The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the size of explosive volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self in 1982.

Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from "gentle" to "mega-colossal") are used to determine the explosivity value. The scale is open-ended with the largest eruptions in history given a magnitude of 8. A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m3 (350,000 cu ft) of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a supervolcanic eruption that can eject 1.0×1012 m3 (240 cubic miles) of tephra and have a cloud column height of over 20 km (66,000 ft). The scale is logarithmic, with each interval on the scale representing a tenfold increase in observed ejecta criteria, with the exception of between VEI-0, VEI-1 and VEI-2.
Roller derby in Mexico
Mexico's roller derby national governing body is the Asociación Mexicana de Roller Derby. Leagues are also part of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) as well as the Men's Roller Derby Association (MRDA) for international gameplay and rankings.

Mexico's national team Team México Roller Derby made its world cup debut at the 2014 Roller Derby World Cup held in Dallas, Texas.

Men's Roller Derby Association
The Men's Roller Derby Association (MRDA) is the international governing body of men's flat track roller derby. It was founded in 2007 under the name Men's Derby Coalition (renamed to Men's Roller Derby Association in 2011), and currently has 59 open gender leagues under its jurisdiction. MRDA member leagues play using the rules of Flat-Track Roller Derby originally designed by the WFTDA.
Quincy D. Newell
Quincy D. Newell (born 1976) is an American historian of the nineteenth-century American West especially as it involves the religious experiences of racial and ethnic minorities. She is associate professor at Hamilton College, a member of the executive committee of the Mormon History Association, and co-editor of the journal Mormon Studies Review (2019– ) In 2015, Newell presented the 21st Leonard J. Arrington Lecture at the Utah State University: "Narrating Jane: Telling the story of an early African American Mormon woman."

Ethnohistory
Ethnohistory is the study of cultures and indigenous peoples customs by examining historical records as well as other sources of information on their lives and history. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not still exist. The term is most commonly used in writing about the history of the Americas.

Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts. Practitioners recognize the use of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and placenames.
2010 Surinamese presidential election
An indirect presidential election was held in Suriname on 19 July 2010 following the legislative election. If the National Assembly of Suriname twice failed to elect a new president with a two-thirds majority, the election would go to the People's Assembly of Suriname, composed of members of parliament, district and provincial councils, where a simple majority would have sufficed.

A first vote was expected on 8 July 2010, but only procedural issues were discussed at the meeting; the election was set for 19 July 2010 on the following day.

Shortly before the election, former dictator Dési Bouterse succeeded in establishing a coalition with the A Combinatie and the People's Alliance, giving him the votes required for the presidential election. As expected, he gained 36 votes against Chan Santokhi's 13 votes; he was sworn in on 12 August 2010.

National Assembly (Suriname)
The National Assembly (Dutch: De Nationale Assemblée, commonly abbreviated "DNA") is the Parliament, representing the legislative branch of government in Suriname. It is a unicameral legislature. The assembly has been situated in the former park house at the Independence Square in Paramaribo, after a fire destroyed the old building of representation on 1 August 1996. A reconstruction of the old building was completed in 2022.

The 51 members of parliament are elected every five years by open list proportional representation on the basis of the country's component districts. The most recent elections were held on 25 May 2025. The current Chairman of the Assembly, Marinus Bee, was appointed on 14 July 2020. Dew Sharman was appointed as Vice Chairman on 29 June 2020.
Borneodendron
Borneodendron aenigmaticum is a species of tree in the family Euphorbiaceae of the monotypic genus Borneodendron.  Its name means "enigmatic Borneo-plant"; so-called because it is a monotypic taxon and is endemic to north Borneo (Sabah). The species is specialised to ultramafic soils from 15 to 1070 meters elevation. It is found in numerous protected areas and is not considered threatened.

Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.
Colligan
Colligan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bud Colligan (born 1954), businessman and government advisor

Ed Colligan (born 1961), businessman

George Colligan (born 1969), jazz pianist

Matthew Colligan, activist

Bud Colligan
John C. "Bud" Colligan (born August 14, 1954) is a community activist, social entrepreneur, investor and company builder. He was appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom as his senior advisor for international affairs and trade in March, 2019.  He is co-founder of the Monterey Bay Economic Partnership (MBEP), co-founder of the non-profit community-development organization Pacific Community Ventures, former partner at Accel Partners, a global venture capital firm, and former chairman and CEO of Macromedia, a multimedia software company.
Mac Steen
Malcolm E. "Mac" Steen (born June 30, 1948) is a former college football player and orthodontist. Steen was a prominent tackle for coach Ray Graves' Florida Gators of the University of Florida from 1967 to 1969. Graves rated Steen as the Gators best right tackle of the 1960s. He was the senior team captain in 1969.

Ray Graves
Samuel Ray Graves (December 31, 1918 – April 10, 2015) was an American professional football player and college football coach.  He was a native of Tennessee and a graduate of the University of Tennessee, where he was the starting center and team captain for the Volunteers under head coach Robert Neyland. After playing in the National Football League (NFL) for three seasons, he returned to Tennessee to serve as an assistant football coach, then left for a longer stint as an assistant at Georgia Tech under head coach Bobby Dodd. He was the head football coach at the University of Florida from 1960 until 1969, where he led the Gators to their most successful decade in program history up to that point. While at Florida, he recruited and coached Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback Steve Spurrier, who often praised Graves as a role model and mentor during his own successful coaching career. Graves also served as Florida's athletic director from 1960 until his retirement in 1979.
La Felguerina
La Felguerina is one of ten parishes (administrative divisions) in Caso, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Situated at 840 m (2,760 ft) above sea level, the parroquia is 11.8 km2 (4.6 sq mi) in size, with a population of 101 (INE 2007).  The postal code is 33995.

Parish (administrative division)
A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

The table below lists countries which use this administrative division:
The Swingin'est
The Swingin'est is an album by American trombonist Bennie Green and saxophonist Gene Ammons recorded in 1958 and released on the Vee-Jay label. The album has also been released under the title Juggin' Around.

Nat Adderley
Nathaniel Carlyle Adderley (November 25, 1931 – January 2, 2000) was an American jazz trumpeter and composer. He was the younger brother of saxophonist Julian "Cannonball" Adderley, with whom he played for many years.

Adderley's composition "Work Song" (1960) is a jazz standard, and also became a success on the pop charts after singer Oscar Brown Jr. wrote lyrics for it.
Outline of agriculture
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to agriculture:

Agriculture – cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life.

Food science
Food science (or bromatology) is the basic science and applied science of food; its scope overlaps with agricultural science and nutritional science and extends to the scientific aspects of food safety and food processing, informing the development of food technology.

Food science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates concepts from chemistry, physics, physiology, microbiology, and biochemistry. It evolved from early preservation practices such as salting to an organized research-driven field central to modern food production.

Food scientists develop new food products, design processing methods to produce these foods, select packaging materials, conduct shelf life and sensory evaluation studies of products using survey panels or potential consumers, and perform microbiological and chemical testing. Food scientists may study more fundamental phenomena that are directly linked to the production of food products and its properties.
Cabinet of Juan Pereda
General Juan Pereda Asbún assumed the presidency of Bolivia on 21 July 1978, formed his cabinet on 24 July and was removed from office on 3 November.

MNR – Revolutionary Nationalist Movement

FSB – Bolivian Socialist Falange

PIR – Revolutionary Left Party

UNB – Barrientista National Union

ARB – Barrientista Revolutionary Alliance

BRB – Barrientista Revolutionary Block

mil – military

ind – independent

Bolivian Socialist Falange
The Bolivian Socialist Falange (Spanish: Falange Socialista Boliviana, FSB) is a Bolivian political party established in 1937. It is a far-right party drawing inspiration from Falangism. It was the country's second-largest party between approximately 1954 and 1974. After that, its followers have tended to gravitate toward the government-endorsed military candidacy of General Juan Pereda (1978) and, especially, toward the ADN party of former dictator Hugo Banzer.
Joseph Makinson
Joseph Makinson (25 August 1836 at Higher Broughton, Salford, Lancashire – 14 March 1914 at Sale, Cheshire) was an English amateur cricketer who played from 1856 to 1873.

Joseph Makinson was educated at Huddersfield College, Owen's College, Manchester and Trinity College, Cambridge. A right-handed batsman, occasional wicket-keeper and right arm medium pace roundarm bowler who  was mainly associated with Cambridge University and Lancashire, he made 27 known appearances.  He played for the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series.

Makinson was called to the Bar from Lincoln's Inn in 1864, and practised on the Northern Circuit. From 1866 to 1878 he was Deputy Coroner for Manchester and from 1878 until his death in 1914 he was the Stipendiary Magistrate of Salford.

Huddersfield New College
Huddersfield New College is a former grammar school and current sixth form college located in Salendine Nook on the outskirts of Huddersfield, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. On 30 November 2023 the college was assessed as 'Good' following an OFSTED review

Huddersfield New College is situated to the west of the town, on  New Hey Road (A640) less than a mile from junction 23 of the M62. It should not be confused with Huddersfield Technical College, which became Kirklees College in 2008.

In 2019 the college was recognised as the TES 6th Form College of the Year.
CMLL Super Viernes (December 2014)
In December 2014 the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) held a total of three CMLL Super Viernes shows on Friday nights as the Friday December 5th slot was replaced with CMLL's major annual show Infierno en el Ring. Several of the Infierno en el Ring matches were as a direct result of matches on the previous months' Super Viernes shows. Some of the matches from Super Viernes were taped for CMLL's weekly shows that aired on television in Mexico in the following week. The Super Viernes events featured a varying number of professional wrestling matches, in which some wrestlers were involved in pre-existing scripted feuds or storylines and others were teamed up with no storyline reason as such. Wrestlers themselves portrayed either villains (referred to as "Rudos" in Mexico) or fan favorites ("Tecnicos" in Mexico) as they competed in matches with predetermined outcomes that is not known to the general public ahead of time.

Arena México
Arena México is an indoor arena in Mexico City, Mexico, located in the Colonia Doctores neighborhood in the Cuauhtémoc borough. The arena is primarily used for professional wrestling, shows promoted by the promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). The building is called the "cathedral of lucha libre". Arena México has a seating capacity of 16,500 when configured for professional wrestling or boxing events. The current building was completed in 1956, built by Salvador Lutteroth, owner of CMLL at the time and is the largest arena built specifically for wrestling. The building was used as the venue for the boxing competition at the 1968 Summer Olympics, and throughout the last half of the 20th century hosted several large boxing events. The arena also serves as the headquarters for CMLL.
Paraavis
Paraavis Company (sometimes styled as "ParAAvis") is a Russian aircraft manufacturer based in Moscow and founded in 1992. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paramotors, paragliders, parachutes, powered parachutes and parafoil kites for kitesurfing, in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category.

The company draws its workforce from graduates of the Russian aviation technical institutes.

Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
The World Air Sports Federation (French: Fédération aéronautique internationale; FAI) is the world governing body for air sports, and also stewards definitions regarding human spaceflight.  It was founded on 14 October 1905, and is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It maintains world records for aeronautical activities, including ballooning, aeromodeling, and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), as well as flights into space.
The Treatise (Walter of Bibbesworth)
The Treatise (original title Le Tretiz) is an Anglo-Norman poem written in the mid-13th century by Walter of Bibbesworth, addressed to Dionisie de Munchensi, with the aim of helping her to teach her children French, the language of the Norman aristocracy. It was a popular text in medieval England, and is a very early example of a book intended for reading to children.

The dating of the poem is uncertain. Various scholarly estimates place the composition date between Dionisie's marriage in 1234 and 1285.

Anglo-Norman language
Anglo-Norman (Norman: Anglo-Normaund; French: Anglo-normand), also known as Anglo-Norman French and part of the French of England (including Anglo-French) was a dialect of Old Norman that was used in England and, to a lesser extent, other places in Great Britain and Ireland during the Anglo-Norman period.
Saguna brahman
Saguna Brahman (lit. 'The Absolute with qualities'; from Sanskrit saguṇa 'with qualities', guṇa 'quality', and Brahman 'the Absolute') is a concept of ultimate reality in Hinduism, close to the concept of immanence, the manifested divine presence.

Divine presence
Divine presence, presence of God, Inner God, or simply presence is a concept in religion, spirituality, and theology that deals with the ability of a deity to be "present" with human beings, sometimes associated with omnipresence.