hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Della Dumbaugh
Della Jeanne Dumbaugh (also published as Della Dumbaugh Fenster) is an American mathematician and historian of mathematics, focusing on the history of algebra and number theory. She is a professor of mathematics at the University of Richmond.

University of Richmond
The University of Richmond (UR or U of R) is a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is a primarily undergraduate, residential institution with approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools: the School of Arts and Sciences; the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business; the Jepson School of Leadership Studies; the University of Richmond School of Law; and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies. It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus".

The university's athletics teams are known as the "Richmond Spiders," after the university's distinctive mascot. A participant in the U.S. Navy's V-12 Navy College Training Program during World War II, Richmond commissions U.S. Army officers through its ROTC program, which is partnered with Hampden-Sydney College and Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia.
Aunt Edwina
Aunt Edwina is a 1959 comedy play by the British writer William Douglas Home.

It premiered at Devonshire Park Theatre in Eastbourne, before beginning a run of 101 performances in London between 3 November 1959 and 6 February 1960.The production was staged initially at the Fortune Theatre in the West End before transferring to the Lyric Theatre in Hammersmith. The London cast included Henry Kendall, Margaretta Scott, Cyril Raymond (later replaced by Geoffrey Lumsden),  Nicholas Selby, Peter Cellier and Hilary Tindall.

Hilary Tindall
Hilary Tindall (14 August 1938 - 5 December 1992) was an English stage and television actress. She is best remembered for the role of Ann Hammond, the troubled wife of Brian Hammond (Richard Easton), in the BBC television series The Brothers.

Tindall trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and during her career appeared in such television programmes as The Champions, The Baron, Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased), Emergency - Ward 10, The Brothers, The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin, The Cuckoo Waltz, Z-Cars, Max Headroom: 20 Minutes into the Future, Tales of the Unexpected and A Kind of Loving. She also acted in Terence Donovan's rarely seen action film Yellow Dog in 1973.

She starred in Derek Nimmo's Far East tour of The Man Most Likely To with Leslie Phillips and a young Elizabeth Hurley.
Kepler-445
Kepler-445 is a red dwarf star located 401 light-years (123 parsecs) away in the constellation Cygnus. It hosts three known exoplanets, discovered by the transit method using data from the Kepler space telescope and confirmed in 2015. None of the planets orbit within the habitable zone.

Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.
1997 Guelph municipal election
The 1997 Guelph municipal election was held on November 10, 1997, in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, to elect the Mayor of Guelph, Guelph City Council and the Guelph members of the Upper Grand District School Board (Public) and Wellington Catholic District School Board. The election was one of many races across the province of Ontario.

Upper Grand District School Board
The Upper Grand District School Board (known as English-language Public District School Board No. 18 prior to 1999) is a school board in Ontario, Canada. It spans an area of 4211 km2 and serves approximately 35,000 students through 65 elementary schools and 11 secondary schools in Dufferin County, Wellington County and the City of Guelph.

Student success is the goal of over 4,000 dedicated teaching and support staff who are aided by the contributions of caring volunteers and community partners.

The board has 10 elected trustees and 2 student trustees. The 2023-24 budget (Operating only) is $455,486,186.
Remixion
Remixion (stylized as REMIXion, Japanese pronunciation: [ɾimiꜜkkɯ̥ɕoɴ]) is a remix extended play by Japanese band Sakanaction. It was released on October 5, 2008 through Victor Entertainment sublabel BabeStar exclusively as a paid download.

Victor Entertainment
Victor Entertainment, Inc. (ビクターエンタテインメント株式会社, Bikutā Entateinmento kabushiki-gaisha) is a subsidiary of JVCKenwood that produces and distributes music, movies and other entertainment products such as anime and television shows in Japan. It is known as JVC Entertainment in countries where Sony Music Entertainment operates the RCA Victor label.
Glipper
Glipper is a clipboard utility for the GNOME Panel. It allows users of Unix-like operating systems to access a history of X Selections, any item of which can be reselected for pasting. Glipper is often described as the GNOME counterpart to KDE's Klipper. Older versions of Glipper could also be run outside of GNOME, but the newest version 1.0 is GNOME only because of its heavy integration into different GNOME techniques. However, it can be run inside Xfce4's panel using the XfApplet wrapper - and through it, into any custom session that uses xfce4-panel, such as Openbox sessions.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Rostov Kremlin (museum-reserve)
Rostov Kremlin (in Russian: Федеральное государственное учреждение культуры Государственный музей-заповедник «Ростовский кремль») - is a National museum-reserve situated in Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russian Federation. Museum-reserve preserves the architectural ensemble of the Rostov Kremlin (except for the Assumption Cathedral and Assumption Cathedral Belfry), Church of St. John the Evangelist (1687) on Ishnya river, and has got different branches within the Rostov municipal district. The only museum of national level in the Yaroslavl region. Museum was founded in 1883 and now is a huge scientific center for the study of archaeology, architecture, art, and history. Museum has got vast collections of archeology, ancient Russian art, modern and contemporary art (especially Russian avant-garde), decorative and applied arts, numismatics, photos, bells, enamel and ecclesiastical art.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
Pechenzhitsa
Pechenzhitsa (Russian: Печеньжица is a river in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is part of the Northern Dvina basin and is a right tributary of Sukhona river and flows through the Babushkinsky and Totemsky Districts of the oblast into Sukhona 298km from its mouth. Its largest tributary is Mikhalitsa.

The name is the diminutive of the toponym Печеньга (not to be confused with Pechenga, Печенга) and is part of the Finnic substrate of  the toponymy of Northern Russia.

Totemsky District
Totemsky District (Russian: То́темский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Verkhovazhsky and Tarnogsky Districts in the north, Nyuksensky District in the northeast, Babushkinsky District in the east, Chukhlomsky and Soligalichsky Districts of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Mezhdurechensky and Sokolsky Districts in the southwest, and with Syamzhensky District in the west. The area of the district is 8,200 square kilometers (3,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Totma. Population: 23,315 (2010 Census); 26,392 (2002 Census); 27,907 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Totma accounts for 42.0% of the district's total population.
Ptx (Unix)
ptx is a Unix utility, named after the permuted index algorithm which it uses to produce a  search or concordance  report in the Keyword in Context (KWIC) format. It is available on most Unix and Unix-like operating systems (e.g. Linux, FreeBSD). The GNU implementation uses extensions that are more powerful than the older SysV implementation.
The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.

There is also a  corresponding IBM mainframe utility which performs the same function. Permuted indexes are often used in such places as bibliographic or medical databases, documentation, thesauri, or web sites to aid in locating entries of interest.

Porting
In software development, porting is the process of adapting software to run in a different context. Often it involves modifying source code so that a program can run on a different platform (i.e. on a different CPU or operating system) or in a different environment (i.e. with a different library or framework). It also describes adapting a change or feature from one codebase to another – even between different versions of the same software.

Software is classified as portable if it can be hosted in a different context with no change to the source code. It might be considered portable if the cost of adapting it to a context is significantly less than the cost of writing it from scratch. The lower the cost of porting relative to the cost to re-write, the more portable it is said to be. The effort depends on several factors including the extent to which the original context differs from the new context, the skill of the programmers, and the portability of the codebase.
Ludewa District
Ludewa District is one of six districts in the Njombe Region in Tanzania, East Africa. Prior to 2012, the district was one of the seven districts of Iringa Region. The town of Ludewa is the administrative seat of the district. A hospital is located in the city. The district is bordered to the north by the Njombe Rural District and Makete District, to the southeast by the Ruvuma Region and to the southwest by the country of Malawi across Lake Nyasa.: 6

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 137,520 people in the district, from 133,218 in 2012.: 167-168 : 204

Districts of Tanzania
As of 2021, there are 31 regions (Swahili: mkoa, plural mikoa) of Tanzania which are divided into 184 districts (Swahili: wilaya).

In 2016, Songwe Region was created from the western part of Mbeya Region.

The districts are each administered by a district council. Cities are separately administered by their own councils, and while administratively within a region, are not considered to be located within a district. The districts are listed below, by unofficial area then region:
Friesch Dagblad
The Friesch Dagblad (Dutch pronunciation: [friz ˈdɑɣblɑt]; the first word is spelled Fries in modern Dutch) is a Dutch daily newspaper founded in 1903. It covers the region of Friesland with news reports written from a protestant perspective. Friesch Dagblad and its competitor, Leeuwarder Courant, are owned by the Mediahuis. Both newspapers publish most of the content in Dutch, with only about 5% of content in West Frisian.

Mediahuis
Mediahuis (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmeːdijaːˌɦœys]; lit. 'Media House') is a European multinational newspaper and magazine publishing, distribution, printing, television, radio and online media company founded in 2014 with assets in Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg and Germany. Mediahuis publishes daily newspaper titles in Belgium, the Netherlands and Ireland as well as regional titles, and is involved in broadcasting a number of Dutch and French language TV and radio stations.

Irish assets are held in Independent News & Media subsidiary.

The headquarters of Mediahuis is in Antwerp.
Hafod estate
The Hafod estate, also known as Hafod Uchtryd (Welsh for 'Uchtryd summer mansion'), is a wooded and landscaped estate in the Ystwyth valley in Ceredigion, Wales. Near Devil's Bridge, Cwmystwyth and Pont-rhyd-y-groes, it is off the B4574 road. Hafod estate land was within the boundaries of the Cistercian Abbey Strata Florida (Welsh: Caron-Uwch-Clawdd). Originally a hunting lodge for Welsh Chieftains, it became home to the landed gentry and the nobility. In the late eighteenth century, a celebrated landscape was created under the ownership of Thomas Johnes.

The estate is in the parish of Llanfihangel y Creuddyn near Llanddewi-Brefi. Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn was a chapel-of-ease in the parish. It was rebuilt for Thomas Johnes by James Wyatt in 1801. The estate shares a border along the Ystwyth with that of the Trawsgoed estate.

Pont-rhyd-y-groes
Pont-rhyd-y-groes (also known as Pontrhydygroes, 'the bridge of the ford of the cross') is a village near Cwmystwyth and Devil's Bridge (Welsh: Pont ar Fynach), in Ceredigion, Wales. The village takes its name from the bridge (pont) and (earlier) ford (rhyd) over the River Ystwyth.

The area used to be dominated by the mining industry, in particular by the Lisburnes. The miners' bridge across the Ystwyth gorge and the waterfall have been rebuilt.

The remnants of the Fron Goch mines, which mined lead and zinc from ca. 1760 until ca. 1903, are situated approximately 1+3⁄4 miles (2+3⁄4 km) north of the village.
Victor Yakunin
Victor Pavlovich Yakunin (Russian: Виктор Павлович Якунин; 18 January 1931 – 6 November 2025) was a Soviet and Russian diplomat who served as the Soviet Ambassador to Pakistan from 1985 until 1993. He was preceded by Vitaly S. Smirnov and his tenure is considered to be notable in the events including the death and state funeral of President Zia-ul-Haq and witnessing the general elections held in 1988 that saw Benazir Bhutto's becoming the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Soviet retreat from Afghanistan in 1989, and the normalization of foreign relations between Pakistan and Russia.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, he was succeeded as Russian Ambassador to Pakistan and eventually retired from the diplomatic services in 1993.

During his tenure, he also successfully worked towards repatriation of Soviet soldiers held as POWs by the Afghan Mujaheedin and safely returning them to Soviet Union in 1989–91.

Yakunin died on 6 November 2025, at the age of 94.

Shuravi
Shuravi, shouravi, or shurwi (Dari: شوروی, Tajik: Шуравӣ) is the Persian term for the word "Soviet" or just "Soviet Union", it has been derived from the word shura (شورا), a word of Arabic origin meaning "council".

This term is also the collective image of Soviet soldiers and military specialists in Afghanistan. The image has been widely spread among Afghan people. A motto "Marg bar shouravi", meaning "death to the Soviets", was popular among mujahideen. Conversely, the motto "Vivat, shuravi!", meaning "long live the Soviets", was adopted by the supporters of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

Russian veterans of Soviet–Afghan War often call themselves Shuravi. The word is used in Iran meaning "USSR".
Raw (film)
Raw (French: Grave, lit. 'Serious') is a 2016 coming-of-age body horror drama film written and directed by Julia Ducournau, and starring Garance Marillier, Ella Rumpf, and Rabah Nait Oufella. The plot follows a young vegetarian's first year at veterinary school, where she tastes meat for the first time and develops a craving for human flesh.

The film premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival on 14 May 2016 and was theatrically released in the United States on 10 March 2017 by Focus World, and in France on 15 March 2017 by Wild Bunch. The film received critical acclaim, with praise for Ducournau's direction and screenplay, though was met with some controversy for its graphic content.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Glandorf, Germany
Glandorf is a municipality in the district of Osnabrück, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated close to the Teutoburg Forest, 24 km south of Osnabrück. The name Glandorf derives from Glanathorpe - which means settlement on the creek Glane - and was first mentioned in records in 1070.

The municipality includes Glandorf and six local subdivisions which are Averfehrden (formerly Narendorf), Schierloh, Schwege, Sudendorf, Westendorf, and Laudiek.

Glandorf's landmark is a windmill that is constructed following the example of Dutch windmill design. It was built in 1840. Since 2000, civil weddings can be celebrated in the windmill.

Teutoburg Forest
The Teutoburg Forest (/ˈtjuːtəbɜːrɡ/ TEW-tə-burg; German: Teutoburger Wald [ˈtɔʏtoˌbʊʁɡɐ ˈvalt] ⓘ) is a range of low, forested hills in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. Until the 17th century, the official name of the hill ridge was Osning. It was first renamed the Teutoburg Forest in 1616 in commemoration of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD, which most likely took place at Kalkriese instead.
Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890
The Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 is a reference book by Philip Rees, on leading people in the various far right movements since 1890.
It contains entries for what the author regards as "the 500 major figures on the radical right, extreme right, and revolutionary right from 1890 to the present" (publisher's blurb).
It was published, as a 418-page hardcover, in New York by Simon & Schuster in 1990 (ISBN 0-13-089301-3).

In the introduction Rees discusses his criterion for inclusion in the book.  He describes the extreme right as "opposed to parliamentary forms of democratic representation and hostile to pluralism."(xvii)
Among those it covers are Argentinian nationalists, Mexican sinarquistas, American nativist demagogues, Brazilian Integralists, German National Socialists, Portuguese National Syndicalists, Spanish Falangists, and Belgian Rexists.

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N -  O - P - Q - R - S - T - U -  V - W - Y - Z

Falange Española de las JONS (1976)
Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (Spanish for "Spanish Falange of the Councils for the National Syndicalist Offensive", FE de las JONS or FE-JONS) is a Spanish political party registered in 1976, originating from a faction of the previous Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista. The word Falange is Spanish for phalanx. Members of the party are called Falangists (Spanish: falangistas). The main ideological bases of the party are national syndicalism, Third Position and ultranationalism.
Alex Barnett (basketball)
Alexander Barnett (born November 21, 1986) is an American former basketball player, best known for his college career at Dartmouth College, where he was the 2009 Ivy League Player of the Year.

A 6'6" small forward, Barnett was recruited to Dartmouth from Cardinal Ritter College Prep High School in St. Louis, Missouri. He was a three-year starter for the Big Green, increasing his scoring average in each of his four college seasons. As a senior, Barnett averaged 19.4 points per game and was named the Ivy League Player of the Year and an honorable mention All-American by the Associated Press.

Following the close of his college career, Barnett signed with Cholet Basket of the French LNB Pro A. He played for three clubs in his one professional season, also suiting up for Nantes in LNB Pro B and in Finland for FoKoPo.

LNB Élite
The LNB Élite, currently known for sponsorship reasons as Betclic Élite, is a professional basketball league in France and is the highest level of the French basketball system. The competition has existed since 1921. Since 1987, the Ligue Nationale de Basket (LNB) has governed the league.

Formerly known as the LNB Pro A, each season consists of 16 teams. The bottom two placed teams from each season are relegated to the second tier level Élite 2. The winner of the play-offs of the league are crowned the French national champions.
Telangana Excise
The Telangana State Excise Department is the law enforcement agency for excise in the Indian state of Telangana. The department enforces laws related to liquor, narcotics, psychotropics and medicines that contain alcohol and narcotics. The department was created when the state of Telangana was formed in 2014. The first minister to take charge of this department was T Padma Rao from the Telangana Rashtra Samithi party. In December 2023, Jupally Krishna Rao was appointed as the Minister of Telangana Excise under the Revanth Reddy Ministry.

Jupally Krishna Rao
Jupally Krishna Rao (born 10 August 1955) is an Indian politician and was Minister of Telangana. He was elected as MLA in the Telangana Legislative Assembly from Kollapur and won elections 5 times. He lost in 2018 assembly elections.
Iran at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
Iran competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, from 24 August to 5 September 2024. This was their tenth consecutive appearance at the Summer Paralympics since 1988.

The Iranian roster featured a number of past Paralympians and Paralympic medalists, including woman shooter Sareh Javanmardi who won her fifth Paralympic medal with a gold medal, man para-athlete Saeid Afrooz who won his second Paralympic medal with a gold medal and broke World Record in Men's Javelin throw F34, powerlifter Rouhollah Rostami who won his third Paralympic medal with a gold medal and broke World Record in Men's  80kg and Iran men's national sitting volleyball team won their eighth Paralympic gold medal.

In this Paralympic games Fatemeh Hemmati won two silver medals in Archery.

Archery at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
Archery at the 2024 Summer Paralympics was held at Esplanade des Invalides in Paris. It consisted of nine events (3 men, 3 women, 3 mixed open teams). It was expected that there would be 140 archer slots.