hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade
The parliamentary secretary to the Board of Trade in the United Kingdom was a member of Parliament assigned to assist the Board of Trade and its President with administration and liaison with Parliament. It replaced the Vice-President of the Board of Trade.

From September 1953, a more senior ministerial post, the Minister of State for Trade also existed. At times, the parliamentary secretary post was then filled by a member of the House of Lords.

On 20 October 1970, the Board of Trade was merged with the Ministry of Technology to create the modern Department of Trade and Industry. The role of parliamentary secretary to the Board of Trade therefore ceased to have practical application beyond that date. The closest successor can be found in the role of parliamentary secretary to the Department of Trade and Industry.

Parliamentary secretary
A parliamentary secretary is a member of parliament in the Westminster system who assists a more senior minister with their duties. In several countries, the position has been re-designated as assistant minister, junior minister or associate minister.

In the parliamentary systems of several Commonwealth countries, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, India and Singapore, it is customary for the prime minister to appoint parliamentary secretaries from their political party in parliament to assist cabinet ministers with their work. The role of parliamentary secretaries varies under different prime ministers. The post has often served as a training ground for future ministers.
Clove
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/). They are native to the Maluku Islands, or Moluccas, in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring, or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics. Cloves are available throughout the year owing to different harvest seasons across various countries.

Soap
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, emulsifiers, and catalysts.

Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC.
Boten railway station
Boten railway station (Chinese: 磨丁站, Lao: ສະຖານີບໍ່ເຕັນ) is a railway station in Boten, Laos. It is the northernmost intermediate stop, and the final stop in Laos on the Boten–Vientiane railway. It opened along with the rest of the line on 3 December 2021.

The custom facility at the station does not issue Laos visa-on-arrival, but accepts eVisa.

Boten–Vientiane railway
The Boten–Vientiane railway is the Lao section of the Laos–China Railway (LCR), running between the capital Vientiane and the northern town of Boten on the border with Yunnan, China. The line was officially opened on 3 December 2021.

A collaborative project between Laos and China, the line's northern end is directly connected to the Chinese rail system at Mohan in Yunnan, through the Yuxi–Mohan railway, and has provisions in the south to link up with the Bangkok–Nong Khai high-speed railway in Thailand and possibly all the way to Singapore via HSR. The railway ends at Vientiane South cargo station. The Boten–Vientiane railway is an integral section of the central line on the Kunming–Singapore railway, and was constructed as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
International Day of Radiology
The International Day of Radiology (IDoR) is an annual event promoting the role of medical imaging in modern healthcare. It is celebrated on November 8 each year and coincides with the anniversary of the discovery of x-rays. It was first introduced in 2012, as a joint initiative of the European Society of Radiology (ESR), the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), and the American College of Radiology (ACR). The International Day of Radiology is acknowledged and celebrated by nearly 200 national, sub-speciality, and related societies around the world. 'Radiographers Association of Madhya Pradesh(India)''' has celebrated this day since 1996 and the theme for this day was raised by '''Mr.Shivakant Vajpai''', Secretary of Madhya Pradesh Radiographers Association, also holding a designation of Radiation Safety Officer and Senior Radiographer in government of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Wilhelm Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German experimental physicist who produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays (known as Röntgen rays in many languages). In 1901, Röntgen became the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him." The element roentgenium is named in his honor.
Red Evie
Red Evie (foaled 4 March 2003) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. After finishing unplaced in her only start as a two-year-old in 2005 she improved to become a top class miler in the following year, when she won seven consecutive races including the Sandringham Handicap, Oak Tree Stakes and Matron Stakes. She defeated male opposition to win the Lockinge Stakes in 2007 and added a win in the Hungerford Stakes later that year before being retired from racing. As a broodmare for the Coolmore Stud she has made a considerable impact, producing several winners including the outstanding racemare Found.

Hungerford Stakes
The Hungerford Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Newbury over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
Sorø Abbey
Sorø Abbey was the preeminent and wealthiest monastic house in all of Denmark during the Middle Ages.  It was located in the town of Sorø in central Zealand.

After Denmark became Lutheran in 1536, the abbey was confiscated by the Crown. The abbey was turned into the Sorø Academy in 1623, an educational institution that has served as a knight academy, a venue for higher learning during the Danish Golden Age. It survives to date as a boarding school.

Knight academy
Knight academies were first established in Western European states in the late 16th century. They prepared aristocratic youth for state and military service. It added to the hitherto rudimentary education of the aristocratic youth natural science, statesmanship and languages. Later many converted to humanistic high schools.
Žanna Juškāne
Žanna Juškāne (born 5 October 1989 in Rēzekne) is a Latvian biathlete.

Juškāne competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics for Latvia.  Her best finish was 19th, as part of the Latvian relay team. Her best individual showing was 79th, in the sprint. She also placed 84th in the individual.

As of February 2013, her best performance at the Biathlon World Championships is 18th, as part of the 2011 Latvian mixed relay team. Her best individual performance is 72nd, in the 2012 sprint.

As of February 2013, Juškāne's best performance in the Biathlon World Cup is 10th, as part of the women's relay team at Oberhof in 2007/08. Her best individual result is 56th, in an individual race at Östersund in 2012/13.

Biathlon World Championships 2011
The 44th Biathlon World Championships was held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia from March 3–13, 2011.

There was a total of 11 competitions: sprint, pursuit, individual, mass start, and relay races for men and women, and mixed relay. All the events during this championships also counted for the 2010–11 Biathlon World Cup season.
Fog Magic
Fog Magic by Julia L. Sauer is a children's fantasy novel set in Nova Scotia. It was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1944. Fog Magic tells the story of a young girl who, on foggy days, travels back in time to enter the past life of an abandoned village. Lynd Ward illustrated the book, which was published by Viking.

Lynd Ward
Lynd Kendall Ward (June 26, 1905 – June 28, 1985) was an American artist and novelist, known for his series of wordless novels using woodcuts, and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books. His wordless novels have influenced the development of the graphic novel. Although strongly associated with his wood engravings, he also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint. Ward was a son of Methodist minister, political organizer and radical social activist Harry F. Ward, the first chairman of the American Civil Liberties Union on its founding in 1920.

His best-known books are Gods' Man and his Caldecott-winning children's story, The Biggest Bear.
Warren CP-1
The Warren CP-1, also called Miss Poly, Miss Polytechnic and the Warren Monoplane, was the second aircraft built by engineering students at California Polytechnic College, after their first project the Mason Greater Meteor.

California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) is a public university in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, outside of the city limits of San Luis Obispo. Founded in 1901, it is the oldest of three polytechnic universities within the California State University system.  Cal Poly emphasizes a "learn by doing" philosophy, integrating hands-on, practical experiences into its curriculum. As of fall 2025, Cal Poly had approximately 22,000 undergraduate and 900 graduate students.

The university is home to several programs, including in engineering, architecture, and business.  Most of the university's athletic teams participate in the Big West Conference.
Silk Road Rising
Silk Road Rising is a theatre company located in downtown Chicago dedicated to presenting plays written by individuals of Asian and Middle Eastern descent. Formerly known as Silk Road Theatre Project, the name was changed in 2011 in order to better reflect their mission statement which includes online video plays and documentaries, civic engagement projects, and education programming in addition to live theatre.

The professional Equity theatre is located in Pierce Hall in lower level of the Chicago Temple Building at 77 West Washington Street, directly across from the Richard J. Daley Center.

Silk Road Rising is hosted by the First United Methodist Church upstairs; however, they maintain a secular relationship.

David Henry Hwang
David Henry Hwang (born August 11, 1957) is an American playwright, librettist, screenwriter, and theater professor at Columbia University in New York City. He has won three Obie Awards for his plays  FOB, Golden Child, and Yellow Face. He has one Tony Award (M. Butterfly) and three other nominations (Golden Child, Flower Drum Song, and Yellow Face). Three of his works (M. Butterfly, Yellow Face, and Soft Power) have been finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
Rietvlei Wetland Reserve
The Rietvlei Wetland Reserve is a 663-hectare (1,640-acre) nature reserve situated in Table View, Western Cape, South Africa. It is managed by the City of Cape Town's Environmental Resource Management Department.

The Rietvlei Wetland Reserve forms part of the greater 880 hectares (2,200 acres) Table Bay Nature Reserve.

African snipe
The African snipe (Gallinago nigripennis) also known as the Ethiopian snipe, is a small stocky wader. It breeds in eastern and southern Africa in wet mountain moorland and swamps at altitudes of 1,700–4,000 m (5,600–13,100 ft). When not breeding it disperses widely, including into coastal lowlands.
Beurlenia
Beurlenia is an extinct genus of shrimp containing the species Beurlenia araripensis. It is named after the German palaeontologist Karl Beurlen (1901–1985). Fossils of the shrimp were found in the Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil. A study on the anatomy and morphological variation in Beurlenia araripensis, based on data from fossil samples from the Crato Formation (Brazil), was published by Barros et al. (2021).

Araripe Basin
The Araripe Basin (Portuguese: Bacia do Araripe) is a rift basin covering about 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi), in Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco states of northeastern Brazil. It is bounded by the Patos and Pernambuco lineaments, and is situated east of the Parnaíba Basin, southwest of the Rio do Peixe Basin and northwest of the Tucano and Jatobá Basins.

The basin has provided a variety of unique fossils in the Crato and Santana Formations and includes the Araripe Geopark, a member of the UNESCO Global Geoparks since 2006. The pterosaurs Araripesaurus and Araripedactylus (now considered a nomen dubium), crocodylian Araripesuchus, the turtle Araripemys, amphibian Arariphrynus, the fish Araripelepidotes and the insect Araripenymphes were named after the basin. The bituminous shales of the Ipubi Formation in the Araripe Basin have potential for shale gas development.
Seniors (film)
Seniors is a 2011 Indian Malayalam-language comedy thriller film directed by Vysakh and written by Sachi-Sethu. The plot follows four friends who return to their alma mater as students. It stars Jayaram, Kunchacko Boban, Biju Menon, and Manoj K. Jayan. The film features songs by Alphons Joseph,  and Alex Paul and a score by Gopi Sundar. The film was released in India and the United Kingdom on 7 May 2011. It was a blockbuster at the box office.

Manoj K. Jayan
Manoj Kadampoothramadam Jayan, also known as Manoj K. Jayan, is an Indian actor who works in Malayalam films and has also appeared in a few Tamil films. Manoj has won the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor three times for his portrayals of Hariharan's "Kuttan Thampuran" in Sargam (1992), "Thalakkal Chandu" in Pazhassi Raja (2009) and "Kunjiraman" in Farook Abdul Rahiman's Kaliyachan. He has played "Kuttan Thampuran" (Sargam), "Thirumangalath Neelakandan Namboothiri" (Perumthachan), "Kunjunni Namboothiri" (Parinayam), "Unnikrishnan" (Venkalam), "Ananthakrishna Warrier" (Sopanam), "Digambaran" (Anandabhadram) and "Thalakkal Chandu" (Pazhassi Raja).
The Manor, Mosman
The Manor is a mansion located in Mosman, a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Built c. 1911, loosely in the Federation Queen Anne style, it stands in the harbour-front street of Iluka Road, in the Mosman locality of Clifton Gardens.

The house is listed on the Mosman Council local government heritage register.

Clifton Gardens, New South Wales
Clifton Gardens is an urban locality in the suburb of Mosman in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Clifton Gardens is located in the local government area of the Municipality of Mosman and is part of the Lower North Shore. Clifton Gardens is adjacent to Chowder Bay.

Clifton Gardens features an affluent residential area and is home to several beaches and wharves on Sydney Harbour. Clifton Gardens is also a popular fishing spot in summer. Species like the yellowtail kingfish, bonito and Australian salmon are caught frequently during summer months. In winter trevally can be caught quite regularly.
Teofila
Teofila (and its variant Teófila) is a feminine given name of Spanish origin. Notable people with the name are as follows:

Teofila Băiașu (born 1927), Romanian gymnast

Teofila Bogumiła Glińska (died 1799), Polish poet

Teofila Chmielecka (1590–1650), wife of Polish noble Stefan Chmielecki

Teofila Działyńska (Szołdrska-Potulicka) (1714–1790), Polish landowner

Teofila Fedorovna Romanovich (1842–1924), Ukrainian stage actress and theatre director

Teófila Márquiz (born 1932), Venezuelan fencer

Teófila Martínez (born 1948), Spanish politician

Teofila Radziwiłł (fl. 1781), Polish noblewoman and Freemason

Teofila Zofia Sobieska (1607–1661), Polish noblewoman

Teofila Ludwika Zasławska (c. 1650–1709), Polish noblewoman

Teofila Chmielecka
Teofila Chmielecka (1590–1650) was a military spouse in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, married to Stefan Chmielecki. She was known for her dedication to the military ideals and of maintaining the military Spartan life style necessary in the army, and came to be known as the ideal role model of a military wife. She displayed her personal courage on several occasions, and became known as "The Wolf of the Frontier".
Tap out
Tap out or Tapout can refer to:

Tap out, submission in combat sport

Tapout (clothing brand)

Tapout (TV series)

UFC: Tapout, a video game

"Tapout" (song), a 2013 song by Rich Gang

"Tap Out", a 2011 song by Keke Wyatt from the album Unbelievable

"Tap Out", song by Jay Rock ft. Jeremih from the album Redemption

Submission (combat sports)
A submission, also called a "tap out" is a combat sports term for yielding to the opponent, resulting in an immediate defeat. A submission is often performed by visibly tapping the floor or opponent with the hand or foot, or by verbalizing to the opponent or referee of the competition. In combative sports where the fighter has cornermen, the cornerman can also stop the fight by "throwing in the towel" (either by literally throwing in a towel or by verbalizing to the official), which may count as a submission.

To force a submission a fighter must do a submission hold, of which there are two categories. The first is a joint lock, which can include armlocks, americanas, anklelocks, kneebars, etc. These submissions damage the joints by hyperextending and threatening to break them. Secondly there are chokeholds. These include the rear naked choke, guillotine choke, triangle choke, etc. These prevent air flow to the lungs or blood flow to the brain, risking the fighter to go unconscious.
Carus-Wilson
Carus-Wilson or Carus Wilson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cecil Carus-Wilson (1857–1934), British politician

Eleanora Carus-Wilson (1897–1977), British economic historian

William Carus Wilson (1791–1859), English churchman and editor

Cecil Carus-Wilson
Cecil Carus-Wilson JP FRSE FGS FRGS (18 October 1857–24 September 1934) was a 20th-century British local politician who served as Mayor of Twickenham but who is remembered as an amateur geologist.

He specialised in the acoustic properties of rocks.
Winnipeg Grenadiers
The Winnipeg Grenadiers was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army.

First formed on 1 April 1908 under General Order No. 20. Initially it was raised with headquarters at Morden, Manitoba, and companies at: A Company at Morden, B Company at Morden, C Company at Manitou, D Company at Carman, E Company at Roland, F Company at Pilot Mound, G Company at Cartwright and H Company at Boissevain. The unit did not have any active personnel enrolled at the formation.

On 1 February 1910, all companies and headquarters were moved to Winnipeg. On 2 May 1910, the designation was changed to the 100th Winnipeg Grenadiers. The first officers were gazetted to the regiment on 18 May 1910. Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Norlande Ruttan, who came from the Retired List, commanded the regiment on organization (General Order No. 57 (HQ 32-1-107)). The regiment was reorganized under General Order No. 120 (1915) on 1 October 1915 to establish four companies.

Manitou, Manitoba
Manitou is an unincorporated urban community in the Municipality of Pembina within the Canadian province of Manitoba that held town status prior to January 1, 2015. The Boundary Trail Railway is based in Manitou. The community's motto is "More Than A Small Town". The community is adjacent to PTH 3 and PR 244. 
Manitou is located near Mennonite communities such as Winkler, Manitoba and is right next to the St. Leon Wind Farm, the largest wind farm in Manitoba and one of the largest in Canada.
Lampasas High School
Lampasas High School or LHS is a public high school located in the city of Lampasas, Texas, United States and classified as a 4A school by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). It is a part of the Lampasas Independent School District located in south central Lampasas County.   In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Cynthia Ortega
Cynthia Apolonia Ortega-Martijn (born 9 February 1956 in Willemstad, Curaçao) is a former Dutch politician. As a member of the ChristianUnion (ChristenUnie) she was an MP from 30 November 2006 to 19 September 2012. She focused on matters of economical affairs, social affairs, employment, integration, housing and Netherlands Antilles affairs.

Ortega obtained a bachelor's degree in labour market policies and human resource policies. At the Open University in the Netherlands she obtained a master's degree in human resource management.

Open University of the Netherlands
The Open University of the Netherlands (Dutch: Open Universiteit Nederland) is a Dutch  institution for distance learning at university level. It is an independent government-funded university and uses a variety of methods, including written materials, the Internet, and occasional evening seminars or day sessions.
Jeevana Tarangalu
Jeevana Tarangalu (transl. The Waves of Life) is a 1973 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by T. Rama Rao. The film stars Sobhan Babu, Krishnam Raju, Vanisri, Chandramohan, and Lakshmi. It is based on a novel by Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani, and won three Filmfare Awards South. It was remade in Tamil as Thirumangalyam (1974), in Hindi  as Dil Aur Deewaar (1978), and in Kannada as Mangalya (1991).

Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani
Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani (2 April 1940 – 18 May 2018) was an Indian Telugu language novelist. She had a strong fan following since the 1970s and early 1980s, especially among women. Several of her stories were made into films and television serials. She won two Nandi Awards.
Montecasino
Montecasino, popularly shortened to Monte, is a casino and leisure development in Fourways, Sandton, in the Gauteng province of South Africa.

It was designed by American company Creative Kingdom Inc. and built by South African architect Joel Martins of the architectural firm Bentel Associates International at a cost of R1.6 billion. It first opened its doors on 30 November 2001 and it currently attracts over 9.3 million visitors annually.

The development is themed after Monte Cassino . It has been designed to replicate an ancient Tuscan village. The main casino building has a fake sky painted on the ceiling, transitioning from light on one side to dark on the other.

Montecasino is owned by Joel Martins – a partnership between Southern Sun and Tsogo Investments. Tsogo Investments is a Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) group, and the hotel component of Tsogo Sun's casinos are developed and managed by Southern Sun. Tsogo Sun holds the casino license for Montecasino.

Sandton
Sandton is a financial, commercial and residential city, located in the northern part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Formerly an independent municipality, Sandton's name came from the combination of two of its suburbs, Sandown and Bryanston.