hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hemostat
A hemostat (also called a hemostatic clamp; arterial forceps; and pean, after Jules-Émile Péan) is a tool used to control bleeding during surgery. Similar in design to both pliers and scissors, it is used to clamp exposed blood vessels shut.

Hemostats belong to a group of instruments that pivot (similar to scissors, and including needle holders, tissue holders, and some other clamps) where the structure of the tip determines the tool's function.

A hemostat has handles that can be held in place by their locking mechanism, which usually is a series of interlocking teeth, a few on each handle, that allow the user to adjust the clamping force of the pliers.  When the tips are locked together, the force between them is about 40 N (9 lbf).

Often in the first phases of surgery, the incision is lined with hemostats on blood vessels that are awaiting ligation.

Pound (force)
The pound of force or pound-force (symbol: lbf, sometimes lbf,) is a unit of force used in some systems of measurement, including English Engineering units and the foot–pound–second system.

Pound-force should not be confused with pound-mass (lb), often simply called "pound", which is a unit of mass; nor should these be confused with foot-pound (ft⋅lbf), a unit of energy, or pound-foot (lbf⋅ft), a unit of torque.
William Nettleton
William Nettleton (April 22, 1822 – January 20, 1905) was a 19th-century American pioneer and Minnesota politician, who has often been considered a founder of Duluth. A Democrat, he represented the Arrowhead Region in the Minnesota House of Representatives during the 2nd Minnesota Legislature.

2nd Minnesota Legislature
The second Minnesota Legislature first convened on December 7, 1859. The 37 members of the Minnesota Senate and the 80 members of the Minnesota House of Representatives were elected during the General Election of October 11, 1859.
Sexy Boy (Air song)
"Sexy Boy" is a song by French music duo Air, released in February 1998 by Virgin Records as the first single from the duo's first album, Moon Safari (1998). The song is noted for allowing the band, and French dance music more generally, to break through to British and American markets. It peaked at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and number 22 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. The single was also a top-20 hit in Finland and a top-30 hit in Iceland.

Axe (brand)
Axe or Lynx is a French brand of male grooming products owned by  the London based company Unilever and marketed toward the younger male demographic. It is marketed as Lynx in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, Australia, New Zealand and China.
Surfers Paradise Dolphins
The Surfers Paradise Dolphins Rugby Football Club is an Australian rugby union football club that competes in the Gold Coast and District Rugby Union competition. The club is based in Broadbeach Waters, Queensland on  Queensland's Gold Coast.

Gold Coast and District Rugby Union
The Gold Coast and District Rugby Union, or GCDRU, is the local governing body for the sport of rugby union on Australia's Gold Coast. The GCRU runs a club rugby competition for men's teams with three senior grades, as well as a junior club competition that caters for teams grouped by age from under 6 to under 18 and Girls/Women's 7's on a Friday night.

Gold Coast representative teams play under the name "Cyclones" in a range of rugby competitions for senior and junior players. The Bond University Rugby Club plays in the Queensland Premier Rugby competition.
Ricardo Villarreal García
Ricardo Villarreal García (born 12 April 1981) is a Mexican politician and lawyer member from the National Action Party (PAN).

Villarreal García was born in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, in 1981. In the 2012 general election, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Guanajuato's 2nd district during the 62nd session of Congress.

He was the municipal president of San Miguel de Allende from 2015 to 2018, time during which the City won the title of Best City in the World by Travel& Leisure Magazine. He was also president of the Association of Mexican World Heritage Cities in 2017 and Vice-president of the Organization of World Heritage Cities.

He served two further terms in Congress for Guanajuato's 2nd in 2018–2021 (64th Congress) and 2021–2024 (65th Congress).

San Miguel de Allende (municipality)
San Miguel de Allende is a municipality of Guanajuato, Mexico, and is also part of the Bajío region. Its seat of government is located in the city of San Miguel de Allende, which is also the most populous settlement of the municipality.
1965 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Bob Hewitt and Fred Stolle were the defending champions, but decided not to play together. Stolle partnered with Roy Emerson but lost in the third round to Rafael Osuna and Antonio Palafox.

John Newcombe and Tony Roche defeated Hewitt and his partner Ken Fletcher in the final, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1964 Wimbledon Championship.

Tony Roche
Anthony Dalton Roche AO MBE (born 17 May 1945), professionally known as Tony Roche is an Australian former professional tennis player.

A native of Tarcutta, Roche played junior tennis in the New South Wales regional city of Wagga Wagga. He won one Grand Slam singles title, the 1966 French Open at Roland Garros, and 15 Grand Slam doubles titles (12 of these with John Newcombe).

In 1968, Roche won the WCT/NTL combined professional championship in men's singles in the final event of the season at Madison Square Garden. He was ranked World No. 2 by Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph in 1969.

He won the U.S. Pro Championships in 1970 at Longwood in Boston. Roche won the New South Wales Open twice, in 1969 and 1976. He won a key Davis Cup singles match in 1977.

He also coached multi-Grand Slam winning world No. 1s Ivan Lendl, Patrick Rafter, Roger Federer and Lleyton Hewitt.
Ka/Ks ratio
In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio, also known as ω or dN/dS ratio, is used to estimate the balance between neutral mutations, purifying selection and beneficial mutations acting on a set of homologous protein-coding genes. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (Ka), in a given period of time, to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks), in the same period. The latter are assumed to be neutral, so that the ratio indicates the net balance between deleterious and beneficial mutations. Values of Ka/Ks significantly above 1 are unlikely to occur without at least some of the mutations being advantageous. If beneficial mutations are assumed to make little contribution, then Ka/Ks estimates the degree of evolutionary constraint.

Biological constraints
Biological constraints are factors which make populations resistant to evolutionary change. One proposed definition of constraint is "A property of a trait that, although possibly adaptive in the environment in which it originally evolved, acts to place limits on the production of new phenotypic variants."  Constraint has played an important role in the development of such ideas as homology and body plans.
The Thames and the Tower of London
The Thames and the Tower of London is a 1771 landscape painting by the British artist Samuel Scott.  A cityscape, it shows a view across looking northwards across the River Thames towards the Tower of London. In the City of London beyond it the  Monument and St Paul's Cathedral can be seen.

It was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1771 in Pall Mall, the only painting Scott ever exhibited at the Academy having displayed his works at the  Society of Artists of Great Britain. Today it is in the possession of the Yale Center for British Art in Connecticut, having been acquired as part of the Paul Mellon Collection.  An alternative version is at Felbrigg Hall in Norfolk

Pall Mall, London
Pall Mall /ˌpæl ˈmæl/ ⓘ is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road. The street's name is derived from pall-mall, a ball game played there during the 17th century, which in turn is derived from the Italian pallamaglio, literally "ball-mallet".

The area was built up during the reign of Charles II with fashionable London residences. It is known for high-class shopping in the 18th century until the present, and gentlemen's clubs in the 19th. The Reform, Athenaeum and Travellers clubs have survived to the 21st century. The War Office was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the Royal Automobile Club's headquarters have been on the street since 1908.
Sandrine Brodeur-Desrosiers
Sandrine Brodeur-Desrosiers is a Canadian film director and producer from Quebec. She is most noted for her 2019 short film Just Me and You (Juste moi et toi), which was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 8th Canadian Screen Awards, and won the Prix Iris for Best Live Action Short Film at the 22nd Quebec Cinema Awards.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian live action short film. Formerly part of the Genie Awards, since 2012 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the award was not always presented at every Genie Award ceremony. In years when the award was not presented, a single award was instead presented for Best Theatrical Short Film, inclusive of both animated and live-action shorts. Under current Academy regulations, the awards for live action and animated shorts can be collapsed into a single award if either category receives two or fewer eligible submissions, but remain separate if both categories surpass two submissions.
Isaya Klein Ikkink
Isaya Klein Ikkink (pronounced [iˈsaːjaː klɛin ˈɪkɪŋk]; born 13 May 2003) is a Dutch track and field athlete who competes in sprinting. He specializes in the 400 metres, where he has a personal best time of 45.41 seconds from 2024.

As part of the Dutch men's 4 × 400 metres relay team, he won bronze medals at the 2023 European Indoor Championships and the 2024 World Indoor Championships. As part of the Dutch mixed 4 × 400 metres relay team, he won a silver medal at the 2024 World Athletics Relays and a bronze medal at the 2024 European Championships. Klein Ikkink's highest World Athletics Rankings are No. 38 in the 400 metres and No. 625 of men overall.

Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay
The mixed 4 × 400 metres relay is a mixed-sex 4 × 400 metres relay in which teams field two men and two women. Initially, teams were free to arrange participants in any order.  This created scenarios where mixed genders run on the same leg.  This was changed in March 2022, where team members run in the order: man-woman-man-woman. It was introduced at the 2017 IAAF World Relays and was then held at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Qatar.
Edward Willis Redfield
Edward Willis Redfield (December 18, 1869 – October 19, 1965) was an American Impressionist landscape painter and member of the art colony at New Hope, Pennsylvania. He is best known today for his impressionist scenes of the New Hope area, often depicting the snow-covered countryside. He also spent his summers on Boothbay Harbor, Maine, where he interpreted the local coastline. He frequently painted Maine's Monhegan Island.

American Impressionism
American Impressionism was a style of painting related to European Impressionism and practiced by American artists in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century through the beginning of the twentieth. The style is characterized by loose brushwork and vivid colors with a wide array of subject matters but focusing on landscapes and upper-class domestic life.
Monroe City Hall (Monroe, North Carolina)
Monroe City Hall is a historic city hall building located at Monroe, Union County, North Carolina.  It was built in 1847–1848, is a three-story brick building with interior end chimneys and a gableroof.  It has a slightly projecting, one bay, center pavilion.  A two-story wing was added in the 20th century.  It was originally built as the public jail and is possibly the oldest building in Monroe.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Seat of government
A seat of government is a "building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". When referring to a city, the seat of government is generally the capital of the state or administrative entity in question, although there are exceptions. Particular terms for the seat of certain territorial subdivisions are administrative centre, county seat (common in the United States), county town (United Kingdom and Ireland), or barrio-pueblo (Puerto Rico), among others; buildings that may function as seats of government include official residences, supreme court buildings, city or town halls, administrative or executive buildings, shire or county halls, legislative buildings, and barangay halls.
1984 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 11
The 1984 Giro d'Italia was the 67th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began in Lucca, with a prologue individual time trial on 17 May, and Stage 11 occurred on 28 May with a stage to Rieti. The race finished in Verona on 10 June. The race won by Urs Freuler before Roger De Vlaeminck and Johan van der Velde. Francesco Moser was leading the general classification.

Cava de' Tirreni
Cava de' Tirreni (Italian: [ˈkaːva de tirˈrɛːni]; Cilentan: A Càva) is a city and comune in the region of Campania, Italy, in the province of Salerno, 10 kilometres (6 miles) northwest of the town of Salerno. It lies in a richly cultivated valley surrounded by wooded hills, and is a popular tourist resort. The abbey of La Trinità della Cava is located there.
Szeged index
In chemical graph theory, the Szeged index is a topological index of a molecule, used in biochemistry. The Szeged index,  introduced by Iván Gutman, generalizes the concept of the Wiener index introduced by Harry Wiener. 
The Szeged index of a connected graph G is defined as

If e is an edge of G connecting vertices u and v, then we write e = uv or e = vu. For , let  and  be respectively the number of vertices of G lying closer to vertex u than to vertex v and the number of vertices of G lying closer to vertex v than to vertex u.

Szeged index plays an important role in information theory. One way to measure a network structure is through the so-called topological indices. Szeged index has been shown to correlate well with numerous biological and physicochemical properties.

Harry Wiener
Harry Wiener (October 29, 1924 in Vienna, Austria – November 8, 1998 in New York City, US) was an Austrian-American chemist, physician and psychologist, a pioneer in cheminformatics and chemical graph theory, and a long-time employee at Pfizer.
Scythris sinensis
Scythris sinensis is a moth of the family Scythrididae first described by the Austrian entomologists Baron Cajetan von Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. The moth is found in Asia, Europe and North America.

Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer
Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer (22 December 1831, in Vienna – 15 January 1897, in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist. He was a curator at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, where he was the first keeper of the Lepidoptera. Rogenhofer was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera.

Rogenhoer studied law in Vienna but after passing the law exam he worked as a volunteer in the zoological museum becoming an assistant in 1860 and a curator in 1867. He described a number of species of lepidoptera, particularly those collected on the Novara expedition. Beside him Josef Mann (1804-1889) worked as a keen technician and collector for the benefits of the museum. Mann described many species of Lepidoptera new to science focussing on Microlepidoptera.
The Canyons (film)
The Canyons is a 2013 American erotic thriller-drama film directed by Paul Schrader and written by Bret Easton Ellis. The film is set in Los Angeles and stars Lindsay Lohan, James Deen, Nolan Funk, Amanda Brooks, and Gus Van Sant. It received a limited release on August 2, 2013, at the IFC Center in New York, the TIFF Lightbox in Toronto, and on video on demand platforms. It received negative reviews from critics, but Lohan's performance was praised.

Fleur Saville
Fleur Saville (born 14 July 1984) is a New Zealand television actress best known for her roles in the television sitcoms Being Eve and The Tribe in which she became known to international audiences for her portrayal of Ruby. Saville previously acted on New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street, playing the personal assistant Libby Jeffries for the CEO of Shortland Street Hospital.

Saville has many interests, including horse riding and martial arts. She also enjoys a close friendship with actresses who played her on-screen sisters, Anna Jullienne and Faye Smythe, and Beth Allen, who played Dr Brooke Freeman. Since her days in Shortland Street, Saville has made sporadic appearances in television. Since 2017, she has retired from acting and remains out of the spotlight. In 2022, she returned to acting.
Samiran Nundy
Samiran Nundy is an Indian gastrointestinal surgeon, medical academic, writer and the President of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh. He is a former member of the faculty at the Cambridge University, London University and Harvard University, and is the founder editor of the National Medical Journal of India and Tropical Gastroenterology. The Government of India awarded him the fourth-highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1985.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh (AIIMS Rishikesh) is a medical college and hospital based in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. The institute operates autonomously under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It is one of the Institutes of National Importance in India. AIIMS Rishikesh is ranked 14th in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) medical ranking for 2024.
Danagla
The Danagla (Arabic: الدناقلة, "People of Dongola") are a Nubian tribe in northern Sudan primarily settling between the third Nile cataract and al Dabbah. Along with Kenzi, Fadicca, Halfawi, Sikot, and Mahas, they form a significant part of the Nubians. They traditionally speak the Nubian Dongolawi or Andaandi language, which in the 19th century was still spoken as far south as Korti and probably even further upstream. Today it is threatened by complete replacement by Arabic as it is only spoken among parts of the population, especially the elders, although there are a lot of initiatives to revive it among the young generations. Due to this some modern scholars count the Danagla to the Nubians instead of the Sudanese Arabs, although many Danagla consider themselves to be a branch of the Arab Ja'alin tribe, who claim to descend from Abbas.

Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 566–653 CE) was a paternal uncle and sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca, but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid Caliphate in 750.
Chief of Army (Australia)
The Chief of Army is the most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to both the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) and the Secretary, Department of Defence (SECDEF). The rank associated with the position is lieutenant general (3-star).

Lieutenant General Simon Stuart, the incumbent Chief of Army, has held the post since 2 July 2022.

Department of Defence (Australia)
The Department of Defence is a department of the Australian Government that is responsible for supporting the Australian Defence Force (ADF), and is charged with the defence of Australia and its national interests. Along with the ADF, it forms part of the larger Australian Defence Organisation (ADO) and is accountable to the Parliament of Australia, on behalf of the Australian people, for the efficiency and effectiveness with which it carries out government policy.

The executive head of the department, who leads it on a day-to-day basis, independent of a change of government, is the Secretary of the Department of Defence (SECDEF), currently Greg Moriarty. SECDEF reports to the Minister for Defence, Richard Marles.
Mansourian
Mansourian is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alireza Mansourian (born 1971), Iranian footballer

Arax Mansourian (born 1946), Armenian singer

Elaheh Mansourian (born 1991), Iranian wushu athlete

Tigran Mansurian (born 1939), Armenian musician and composer

Arax Mansourian
Arax Mansourian (Armenian; Արաքս Մանսուրյան, born August 1, 1946) is an Armenian soprano classical singer. Mansourian serves as Professor at the Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory since 2015. In 2015 she was awarded with the First Degree Medal of Armenia. In 2010 Mansourian was Awarded with the Medal of Komitas by the Ministry Of the Diaspora.
Hasanabad, Salehabad
Hasanabad (Persian: حسن اباد, also Romanized as Ḩasanābād) is a village in Jannatabad Rural District, Salehabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 510, in 106 families.

Salehabad County
Salehabad County (Persian: شهرستان صالح‌آباد) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Salehabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 8,625 in 2,198 households.
Soldier Soldier
Soldier Soldier is a British television drama series. Created by Lucy Gannon, produced by Central Television and broadcast on the ITV network, it ran for a total of seven series and 82 episodes from 10 June 1991 to 9 December 1997. It featured the daily lives of a group of soldiers in 'A' Company, 1st Battalion The King's Fusiliers, a fictional British Army infantry regiment loosely based on the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. The title comes from a traditional song of the same name, "Soldier, Soldier, Won't You Marry Me?", an instrumental version of which is used as its theme music.

Soldier, soldier won't you marry me
"Soldier, Soldier, Won't You Marry Me?" (Roud 489), also known as "Soldier John" and "Soldier, Soldier," is an English traditional folk song. Fresno State University gives the earliest collected date as 1903 in America, and it was collected many times in Tennessee and North Carolina in the early 1900s. It was printed in "Games and Songs of American Children" by William Wells Newell. However the song was collected many times over in a short period of time, including Cecil Sharp in 1917, Anne Gilchrist in Scotland in 1919 and Seamus Ennis in Ireland. Among many classical arrangements, Peter Pears made an arrangement of the song in 1936.