hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nomads of India
Nomads are known as a group of communities who travel from place to place for their livelihood. Some are salt traders, fortune-tellers, conjurers, ayurvedic healers, jugglers, acrobats, actors, storytellers, snake charmers, animal doctors, tattooists, grindstone makers, or basketmakers. Some anthropologists have identified about 8 nomadic groups in India, numbering perhaps 1 million people—around 0.12 percent of the country's billion-plus population. Aparna Rao and Michael Casimir estimated that nomads make up around 7% of the population of India.

The nomadic communities in India can be divided into three groups: hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, and the peripatetic or non-food-producing groups. Among these, peripatetic nomads are a neglected and discriminated-against social group in India. They have lost their livelihood because of drastic changes in transport, industries, production, entertainment, and distribution systems. They find pastures for their herders.

Juggling
Juggling is a physical skill, performed by a juggler, involving the manipulation of objects for recreation, entertainment, art or sport. The most recognizable form of juggling is toss juggling. Juggling can be the manipulation of one object or many objects at the same time, most often using one or two hands but other body parts as well, like feet or head. Jugglers often refer to the objects they juggle as props. The most common props are balls, clubs, or rings. Some jugglers use more dramatic objects such as knives, fire torches or chainsaws. The term juggling can also commonly refer to other prop-based manipulation skills, such as diabolo, plate spinning, devil sticks, poi, cigar boxes, contact juggling, hooping, yo-yo, hat manipulation and kick-ups.
Spanish Steps (song)
Spanish Steps is a song by the Norwegian singer Morten Harket, which was released in 1995 as the second single from his debut solo album Wild Seed. It was written by Torstein Flakne (music, lyrics), Håvard Rem (lyrics) and Harket (lyrics), and produced by Christopher Neil. "Spanish Steps" reached No. 14 on the Norwegian VG-lista chart.

Torstein Flakne
Torstein Flakne (born December 17, 1960, in Trondheim, Norway) is a Norwegian singer and guitarist, best known for being the founder of the Norwegian rock band Stage Dolls. He is from Melhus Municipality and played in the band The Kids before founding Stage Dolls in 1985.
Acta Chimica Slovenica
Acta Chimica Slovenica is a quarterly scientific journal of chemistry. It comprises two parts: The first part contains peer-reviewed scientific and expert articles from the various fields of chemistry, written in English and accompanied by abstracts in Slovene. The second part, written in Slovene, contains societal news: lists of newly conferred academic degrees, reports on the work of the sections of the Slovenian Chemical Society, expert articles and book reviews, and news on conferences and other meetings.

The journal and the articles published since 1998 are also available online. The journal was established in 1954 as Vestnik Slovenskega kemijskega društva and obtained its current name in 1993.

According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), the journal h-index is 49, ranking it to Q3 in Chemistry (miscellaneous).

Abstract (summary)
An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application.  Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines are aimed at compiling a body of literature for that particular subject.

The terms précis or synopsis are used in some publications to refer to the same thing that other publications might call an "abstract". In management reports, an executive summary usually contains more information (and often more sensitive information) than the abstract does.
1968 Green Bay Packers season
The 1968 Green Bay Packers season was their 50th season overall and the 48th season in the National Football League. Under first-year head coach Phil Bengtson, the team finished with a 6–7–1 record, third place in the four-team Central Division of the Western Conference.

It was the Packers' first losing season in a decade, and marked a turning point in team history, starting a long period of futility and decline known as the "Gory Years". From 1968 through 1991, Green Bay had only five winning seasons (1969, 1972, 1978, 1982, 1989), made the playoffs twice (1972, 1982), with one win (1982).

A few weeks after winning Super Bowl II in January 1968, Vince Lombardi stepped down as head coach but remained as general manager, and longtime defensive coordinator Bengston was promoted. Lombardi left after the season for the Washington Redskins.

1989 Green Bay Packers season
The 1989 Green Bay Packers season was their 71st overall and their 69th in the National Football League. The Packers finished with a 10–6 record, their best since 1972, but failed to make the playoffs. The team was often referred to as "The Cardiac Pack" due to several close-game wins. The 1989 Packers hold the NFL record for most one-point victories in a season with four. The team was coached by Lindy Infante and led by quarterback Don Majkowski, who attained his nickname "The Majik Man."
Marco Dawson
Marco Dawson (born November 17, 1963) is an American professional golfer who now plays on the PGA Tour Champions, having previously played on the PGA Tour. He won the 2015 Senior Open Championship.

Dawson was born on a United States military base in Freising, Germany. He attended Florida Southern College, graduating in 1985, when turned professional. Dawson has enjoyed a long career playing both the PGA and Web.com Tours. He played on the PGA Tour in 1991–1997, 2000–2001, 2003–2008 and 2012 and played on the Web.com Tour in 1990, 1999, 2002, 2009–11, and 2013.

Dawson has won once on the Web.com Tour, a three stroke victory at the 2002 LaSalle Bank Open. His best finish on the PGA Tour is 2nd at the 1995 Greater Milwaukee Open, when he finished three strokes behind Scott Hoch.

He secured a return to the PGA Tour for 2012 via qualifying school in December 2011.

Dawson lives in Suntree, Florida.

Bank of America Open
The Bank of America Open was a golf tournament on the Nationwide Tour from 2002 to 2008. It was played at The Glen Club in Glenview, Illinois, United States. It was known as the LaSalle Bank Open from 2002 to 2007.

The 2008 purse was $750,000, with $135,000 going to the winner.
Caminando (Rubén Blades song)
"Caminando" is a 1991 song by Rubén Blades and his band Son del Solar, written by Blades. It is also the title track and one of three singles (with "Prohibido olvidar" and "Camaleón") from Caminando, a 1991 album which saw Blades briefly return from fusion styles to purer coro-driven salsa. The song has been covered by many artists Coque Malla on Canta a Rubén Blades. The 1991 song in 1994 became Blades' signature tune on his foray into Panamanian politics co-founding the Papa Egoró party.

The lyrics of the song commence: "Caminando, se aprende en la vida / Caminando, se sabe lo que es / Caminando, se cura la herida / Caminando, que deja el ayer".

The single was released as 7" on Columbia, and as a 12", 33 ⅓ RPM (Sony Discos Inc. EPS 81608) with Caminando (Extended Remix) 4:53 remixed by Javier Garza and Pablo Flores.

Coque Malla
Jorge Malla Valle (born 22 October 1969, in Madrid), better known as Coque Malla, is a Spanish musician and actor, frontman of the group Los Ronaldos (founded in 1985). His mother was the actress Amparo Valle, who died on 29 September 2016.
Uppena (soundtrack)
Uppena is the soundtrack album composed by Devi Sri Prasad for the 2021 Indian Telugu-language film of the same name starring Panja Vaisshnav Tej and Krithi Shetty in lead roles, directed by Bucchi Babu Sana. The album consists of eight songs with Sri Mani, Devi Sri Prasad, Chandrabose and Raqueeb Alam penning the lyrics. On 17 February 2021, the soundtrack album was released digitally on the Aditya Music label. "Nee Kannu Neeli Samudram" and "Jala Jala Jalapaatham Nuvvu" are the biggest hits of the album. After a brief setback, Devi Sri Prasad reclaimed success through the album.

Aditya Music
Aditya Music India Private Limited is an Indian music record label company, which owns the label Aditya Music. It produces music for the Telugu cinema industry and is headquartered at Hyderabad, Telangana.
Michael Shields (footballer)
Michael Shields (born 8 August 1986) is an Irish sportsperson. Born in Cork, he plays Gaelic football with his local club St Finbarr's and was a member at senior level of the Cork county football team from 2005.

He won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2010.

Cork county football team
The Cork county football team represents Cork in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Cork GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Munster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Cork's home ground is Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork. The current manager is John Cleary.

Cork was the third Munster county both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final, following Limerick and Tipperary. The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2012, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2010 and the National League in 2012.
Lekang
Lekang is a village and Tehsil in the Namsai district of Arunachal Pradesh state, India. According to the 2011 Census of India, it has 1,536 residents across 369 households. 828 are male and 708 are female.

Lekang is located 11 km (6.8 mi) towards North from District headquarters Tezu. It is 313 km (194 mi) west of the state capital of Itanagar. It is one of the 60 constituencies of Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh.

Lekang Tehsil is bounded by Sunpura Tehsil towards North, Tezu Tehsil towards South, Anjaw Tehsil towards East, Chowkham Tehsil towards South . Pasighat City, Digboi City, Margherita City, Tinsukia City are the nearby Cities to Lekang.

The name of current MLA July-2025 of this constituency is Likha Soni

Itanagar
Itanagar (/iːˈtɑːnəɡər/pronunciationⓘ) is the capital and largest town of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The seat of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, the seat of government of Arunachal Pradesh, and the seat of Gauhati High Court permanent bench at Naharlagun are all in Itanagar. Being the hub of all the major economic bases, Itanagar, along with the adjacent town of Naharlagun, comprises the administrative region of the Itanagar Capital Complex Region. This stretches from the Itanagar Municipal limit at Chandranagar Town, extended until Nirjuli Town, and is a major junction of cultural, economic, fashion, education and recreational activities.
Ahmed al-Hasan
Ahmed al-Hasan (Arabic: أحمد الحسن, romanized: ʾAḥmad al-Ḥasan) is an Iraqi Shia Muslim religious leader. He has been called the most prominent of figures claiming to be the pre-messianic al-Yamani, in the upheaval following the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. In Twelver Shi'ism Islam, the majority religion of Iraq, al-Yamani is "the deputy of the Mahdi, the Twelfth Imam, and a precursor to his Reappearance" and to End Times.

Ahmed al-Hasan, who was born in Iraq, started his call in 1999 and began a public "religious call" in 2002. He was last seen, photographed, and interviewed in 2007, and is presumed to have gone into hiding following the Battle of Najaf sometime in 2008. An office in Najaf claims to exclusively speak for him through various social media platforms including Facebook and Telegram, which his followers believe to be managed by Ahmed al-Hasan himself.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
Sakura Press
Sakura Press (Russian: Сакура-пресс) was a Russian licensor and publisher of manga with headquarters in Moscow. The company was established in 2003. It was headed by general director Sergei Kharlamov. According to their official website, it was the first Russian company who started to publish manga (Ranma ½). The first two volumes of Ranma ½ were released in April 2005. Sakura Press reversed the pages (so called "flopping") in all releases, for which it was criticized by fandom. It stopped publishing manga and updating their site in 2011 and became officially defunct in 2016.

Anime and manga fandom
The anime and manga fandom is a worldwide community of fans of anime and manga. Anime includes animated series, films and videos, while manga includes manga, graphic novels, drawings, and related artworks. The anime and manga fandom traces back to the 1970s and has an international reach.
Markee White
Markee White (born October 4, 1983) is an American former professional football wide receiver. He was signed by the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Texas State.

White was also a member of the Spokane Shock, Hartford Colonials, Calgary Stampeders, Arizona Rattlers, Jacksonville Sharks, Los Angeles Kiss, and Philadelphia Soul.

Arizona Rattlers
The Arizona Rattlers are a professional indoor American football team based in the Phoenix metropolitan area that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The Rattlers were founded in 1992 as an expansion team in the Arena Football League and were the third oldest active franchise in the AFL until their departure in 2016. They play their home games at Desert Diamond Arena in Glendale. They previously played at Footprint Center in downtown Phoenix.

The Rattlers are led by head coach Kevin Guy. Since the team's establishment in 1992, the Rattlers have won ten division titles and have played in nine ArenaBowl Championship games, winning championships in 1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014. The Rattlers also won the 2017 United Bowl in their first season in the IFL.

It is believed that the Rattlers are the longest-tenured, continuously-active indoor/arena team in the game's history being active for over 30 years (not counting the COVID-19 pandemic season cancelation in 2020).
University of Chicago sit-ins
The University of Chicago sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, in 1962. The protests were called to end alleged segregation in off-campus university-owned residential properties.

George Beadle
George Wells Beadle (October 22, 1903 – June 9, 1989) was an American geneticist. In 1958 he shared one-half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward Tatum for their discovery of the role of genes in regulating biochemical events within cells. He served as the 7th president of the University of Chicago from 1961 to 1968.

Beadle and Tatum's key experiments involved exposing the bread mold Neurospora crassa to x-rays, causing mutations.  In a series of experiments, they showed that these mutations caused changes in specific enzymes involved in metabolic pathways.  These experiments led them to propose a direct link between genes and enzymatic reactions, known as the One gene-one enzyme hypothesis.
Salisbury screen
The Salisbury screen is a way of reducing the reflection of radio waves from a surface.  It was one of the first concepts in radar absorbent material, an aspect of "stealth technology", used to prevent enemy radar detection of military vehicles.  It was first applied to ship radar cross section (RCS) reduction. The Salisbury screen was invented by American engineer Winfield Salisbury in the early 1940s (see patent filing date). The patent was delayed because of wartime security.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Saddle Peak
Saddle Peak is the name of several mountains:

Saddle Peak (Andaman Islands), the highest peak in India's Andaman and Nicobar chain
Saddle Peak National Park, Andaman Islands

Saddle Peak (Alaska)

Saddle Peak (Antarctica), in Victoria Land

Saddle Peak (California), in the Santa Monica Mountains

Saddle Peak, (Irish Hills, California) in San Luis Obispo County

Saddle Peak (Montana) in Gallatin County, Montana

Saddle Peak (Guadalupe), Nueva Leon MX, GPS:25 ° 37'40 "N 100 ° 14'21" O  /  25,627777777778, -100,23905388889

Saddle Peak (Oregon)

Saddle Peak (Washington)

Saddle Peak (Improvement District 9, Alberta Canada)

Saddle Peak Hills, California

Saddle Peak Hills
The Saddle Peak Hills are a mountain range in the Mojave Desert, in northern San Bernardino County, southern California.

They are located within the southeastern corner of Death Valley National Park, northeast of the Avawatz Mountains.
Gum Springs, Virginia
Gum Springs is a community in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States in Hybla Valley, along Route 1 (Richmond Highway). The African American community, the oldest in the county, was established in 1833 by West Ford, a freedman who had been manumitted by Hannah Bushrod Washington (widow of John Augustine Washington), in 1805. A historical marker (Number E-04) was erected by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources in 1991.

John Augustine Washington
John Augustine Washington I (January 13, 1736 – January 8, 1787) was an American planter and politician. Washington was a younger brother of George Washington and the father of Supreme Court Justice Bushrod Washington. He was also a grandfather of John Augustine Washington II.
Mogens Wöldike
Mogens Wöldike (5 July 1897 – 20 October 1988) was a Danish conductor, choirmaster, organist, and scholar known for his interpretation of music from the Baroque and Classical periods, was born and died in Copenhagen. His son-in-law was the Haydn scholar Jens Peter Larsen.
He studied under Carl Nielsen and Thomas Laub and graduated from Copenhagen University in 1920. He was organist at the Marine church in 1924 and the Christiansborg Palace Church from 1931; from 1959 to 1972 he was organist at Copenhagen Cathedral.

After the war he conducted the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra and from 1950 to 1967 worked regularly with the Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra.

He composed sets of organ chorales published in 1943, 1960 and 1972.

He was the founder of the Copenhagen Royal Chapel Choir.

He is the 1976 laureate of the Léonie Sonning Music Prize, the most prestigious musical award in Denmark.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Sōhei Niikawa
Sōhei Niikawa (Japanese: 新川宗平, Hepburn: Niikawa Sōhei) is a Japanese video game developer and executive known for creating the Disgaea series.  He joined Nippon Ichi Software in 1996, and was its CEO and president from 2009 to 2022.

In March 2025, Niikawa announced that he had founded a new company, SuperNiche.  Two games were listed as them being involved with: an adaptation of Etrange Overlord where they were working with developer Gumdrops in production, and an untitled production.  It later emerged that after his resignation in 2022, Niikawa shopped around game pitches, manga scripts, and novels under the pen name "Roman Kitayama".  The eventual result was Etrange Overlord, which was credited to Kitayama (really Niikawa) as author.

Nippon Ichi Software
Nippon Ichi Software, Inc. (株式会社日本一ソフトウェア, Nippon Ichi Sofutowea; known as Prism Kikaku Ltd. from July 1993 to July 1995) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher. The company was founded in 1991 and has developed several role-playing video games, most notably the Disgaea and Marl Kingdom series. Its mascot is the penguin-like Disgaea character Prinny.

NIS America, a localization and global publishing branch of the company, was founded in 2003. It originally focused solely on the North American market until being expanded to include Europe and other regions in 2007 and has also published anime.
Ananth Technologies
Ananth Technologies Limited is an Indian aerospace manufacturer that provides hardware and software services. The company manufactures electronics and mechanical subsystems for launch vehicles, satellites, spacecraft payloads, and ground systems. It also builds satellites and provides launch services through a partnership with NewSpace India Limited. Ananth Technologies was established in 1992 and is headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. The company also has an office in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and a satellite manufacturing facility near Bangalore, Karnataka.

Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance.  This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".
California Board of Accountancy
The California Board of Accountancy (CBA), created by statute in 1901, is a semi-autonomous State of California agency under the California Department of Consumer Affairs whose purpose is to protect consumers by ensuring only qualified licensees practice public accountancy in accordance with established professional standards in California.

The CBA currently regulates over 5,000 firms and nearly 81,000 Certified Public Accountant (CPA) licensees, the largest group of licensed accounting professionals in the nation.  The agency is unique in California in its authority to license and discipline not only individuals but also firms including partnerships and corporations.  Its mandate is to regulate the accounting profession for the protection of the public by establishing and maintaining standards of qualification and conduct within the profession.  It fulfills this mandate primarily through its authority to license.

Partnership
A partnership is an agreement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission and to amplify their reach. A partnership may result in issuing and holding equity or may be only governed by a contract.