hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Borrello Island
Borrello Island is a small Antarctic island lying off the western side of Hollin Island, in the Windmill Islands. It was first mapped from air photos taken by USN Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1946 and 1947. Named by the US-ACAN for Sebastian R. Borrello, geomagnetician at Wilkes Station in 1958.

Wilkes Station
Wilkes Station is a former Australian Antarctic research station. It was established in January 1957 by the United States in Antarctica. It was taken over by the Australian Antarctic Division on 7 February 1959. Environmental difficulties at this site lead to it being abandoned in 1969, with the Australians establishing a new base, Casey Station. The old base is still awaiting remediation, with contamination left at the site threatening to affect the environment.
NLM CityHopper Flight 431
NLM CityHopper Flight 431 refers to a Fokker F-28-4000, registration PH-CHI, that was due to operate an international scheduled Rotterdam–Eindhoven–Hamburg passenger service. On 6 October 1981, the aircraft encountered a tornado on the first leg, minutes after taking off from Rotterdam Airport, and crashed 15 miles (24 km) south-southeast of Rotterdam. All 17 occupants of the aircraft – 13 passengers and 4 crew members– died in the accident.: 183

Rotterdam The Hague Airport
Rotterdam The Hague Airport (formerly Rotterdam Airport, Vliegveld Zestienhoven in Dutch) (IATA: RTM, ICAO: EHRD) is a minor international airport serving Rotterdam, the Netherlands' second largest city, and The Hague, its administrative and royal capital. It is located 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi; 3.0 nmi) north northwest of Rotterdam in South Holland and is the third busiest airport in the Netherlands.

The airport handled over 2.1 million passengers in 2019 and features scheduled flights to European metropolitan and leisure destinations. It is also used extensively by general aviation and there are several flying clubs, a skydiving club and a flight training school located at the airport.
Gerhard Hirschfeld
Gerhard Hirschfeld (born 19 September 1946 in Plettenberg, Germany) is a German historian and author. From 1989 to 2011, he was director of the Stuttgart-based Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte / Library of Contemporary History, and has been a professor at the Institute of History of the University of Stuttgart since 1997. In 2016 he also became a visiting professor at the Institute for International Studies, University of Wuhan (China).

University of Stuttgart
The University of Stuttgart (German: Universität Stuttgart) is a public research university located in Stuttgart, Germany. It was founded in 1829 and is organized into 10 faculties. It is one of the oldest technical universities in Germany with programs in civil, mechanical, industrial and electrical engineering, among others. It is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the nine oldest German institutes of technology.
Ipoch Bogátradvány
Ipoch from the kindred Bogátradvány (Ypoch; Hungarian: Bogátradvány nembeli Ipoch; died after 1222) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman from the gens Bogátradvány, which, according to historian Simon of Kéza, was originated from Bohemia.

During the dynastic feud, he supported Emeric. He served as ispán (comes) of Bács County between 1202 and 1204. After that he was appointed ban of Slavonia for King Emeric in 1204. He received the estate of Zsurk, Szabolcs County from the king.

After the death of Emeric and Andrew II's accession to the throne, Ipoch lost his political influence for a long time. He was able to enter the smaller council of the king next time only in 1216, when he was appointed voivode of Transylvania. He held that office until 1217. According to László Markó, he was awarded the dignity of ban of Slavonia in 1222, when the secular nobles were temporarily came to power after the adoption of the Golden Bull of 1222.

Bács-Bodrog County
Bács-Bodrog County (Hungarian: Bács-Bodrog vármegye, German: Komitat Batsch-Bodrog, Serbian: Бачко-бодрошка жупанија, romanized: Bačko-bodroška županija) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1802 to 1920. Most of its territory is currently part of Serbia, while a smaller part belongs to Hungary. The capital of the county was Zombor (present-day Sombor).
Alfarista Radical Front
The Alfarista Radical Front (Spanish: Frente Radical Alfarista, FRA) was a centrist liberal party in Ecuador, founded in 1972. One of its best known figures was former acting president Fabián Alarcón.

The party was named after the most prominent liberal politician in Ecuadorian history, Eloy Alfaro, who founded the country's first institutionalized Liberal Party in 1884.

In the 2002 Ecuadorian general election, the party supported the candidacy of Xavier Neira Menéndez.

2002 Ecuadorian general election
General elections were held in Ecuador on 20 October 2002, with a second round of the presidential elections on 24 November. The result was a victory for Lucio Gutiérrez of the PSP–MUPP–NP alliance, who won the run-off with 54.8% of the vote. The Social Christian Party emerged as the largest party in the National Congress, winning 24 of the 100 seats.
Aleksejs Širokovs
Aleksejs Širokovs (born 20 February 1981) is a Latvian professional ice hockey player currently playing for Dresdner Eislöwen of the DEL2. Most of his professional playing career Širokovs spent in Latvian Hockey League's club HK Liepājas Metalurgs, twice becoming Latvia's champion. From 2004 until 2007 Širokovs played in several Russian Superleague and Russian Major League clubs, but played the 2007-08 season in Belarusian Extraliga club Metallurg Zhlobin.

He played in Latvian national ice hockey team during seven World Championships. He also played in Olympics qualifying tournament, as well as three Junior World Championships.

Metallurg Zhlobin
Metallurg Zhlobin (Belarusian: Металург Жлобін, romanized: Metalurh Zhlobin; Russian: Металлург Жлобин, romanized: Metallurg Zhlobin) is a professional ice hockey team in Zhlobin, Belarus. The team was formed in 2004 and competes in the Belarusian Extraliga (BXL).
The Dawns Here Are Quiet (opera)
The Dawns Here Are Quiet (Зори здесь тихие) is a 1973 Russian-language opera by Kirill Molchanov based on the novel by Boris Vasilyev. The opera was performed at the Mariinsky Theatre in February 2015.

Mariinsky Theatre
The Mariinsky Theatre (Russian: Мариинский театр, romanized: Mariinskiy teatr, also transcribed as Maryinsky or Mariyinsky) is a historic opera house in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 1860, it became the preeminent music theatre of late 19th-century Russia, where many of the stage masterpieces of Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov received their premieres. Through most of the Soviet era, it was known as the Kirov Theatre.  Today, the Mariinsky Theatre is home to the Mariinsky Ballet, Mariinsky Opera and Mariinsky Orchestra. Since Yuri Temirkanov's retirement in 1988, the conductor Valery Gergiev has served as the theatre's general director.
Oqaatsut
Oqaatsut (Danish: Hollandshuk or Rødebugt; Dutch: Roobay) is a settlement in Avannaata municipality, in western Greenland. It had 29 inhabitants in 2020. The modern name of the settlement is Kalaallisut for "Cormorants". The village is served by the communal all-purpose Pilersuisoq store.

West Greenlandic
Kalaallisut (lit. 'language of the Kalaallit'), also known as West Greenlandic (Danish: vestgrønlandsk), is the primary and official language of Greenland. It is spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of Greenland, as well as by thousands of Greenlandic Inuit in Denmark proper (in total, approximately 50,000 people). It was historically spoken in the southwestern part of Greenland, i.e. the region around Nuuk, as opposed to the related Greenlandic languages in the northwestern and eastern parts of the island.: 1–2  It has been an official language of Greenland since the 18th century, and the sole official language since 2009.
Lori 1 Wind Farm
Lori 1 Wind Farm is a wind farm in Armenia located along the Bazum Mountains at Pushkin Pass in Lori, Armenia. The first wind farm in the country, it has four 660-kW wind turbines and has a capacity of 2.64 MWe. Completed in December 2005 by the Iranian company Sunir with US$3.2 million funding from Iran, it is owned by the High-Voltage Electric Networks of Armenia.  In 2006, Lori 1 generated only 2.6 GWh of electricity (a yearly average of 296.8 KWe—about 11% of installed capacity).

The Armenian and Iranian authorities have agreed to expand the wind farm up to 90 MW.

Lori Province
Lori (Armenian: Լոռի, Armenian pronunciation: [lɔˈri] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, and Spitak. It is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries and the well-preserved Akhtala monastery.

The province was heavily damaged during the 1988 Armenian earthquake.

The province is served by the Stepanavan Airport.
Sumihiko Hatusima
Sumihiko Hatsushima (初島 住彦, Hatsushima Sumihiko, September 1906 – January 22, 2008) was a Japanese botanist. In scholarly works using the Latin alphabet, his name is generally romanised as "Sumihiko Hatusima" following the "Kunrei" system.

Hatsushima was born in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan in 1906.
His tertiary studies and early lectureship was at Kyushu Imperial University, where he was awarded a doctorate in 1942.
He accompanied Ryōzō Kanehira on a collecting expedition in New Guinea in 1940.  Hatsushima returned to Austronesia in a collecting expedition to the Philippines in 1964.

Hatsushima died in 2008.

Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet comprises the letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. In a largely unaltered form (two splits, ⟨J⟩ from ⟨I⟩ and ⟨U⟩ from ⟨V⟩; an addition, ⟨W⟩; and extensions such as letters with diacritics), it forms the Latin script that is used to write many languages worldwide: in western and central Europe, in Africa, in the Americas, and in Oceania. It is the most widely used writing system in the world, used by over 3,000 languages, which is about 70% of the global population.

Its basic modern 26-letter inventory is standardized as the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
Tijana Milojević
Tijana Milojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Тијана Милојевић; born 10 September 1998) is a Belgian-born Serbian volleyball player. She plays for the Radnički Beograd.  She was a member of Serbia U18 national volleyball team who earned silver medal in both Girls' Youth European Volleyball Championship and European Youth Olympic Festival in 2015.

Russia women's national volleyball team
The Russia women's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and participated in international volleyball competitions. They played from 1949 to 1991 as the Soviet Union and as the CIS in 1992.

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Volleyball Federation suspended all Russian national teams, clubs, and officials, as well as beach and snow volleyball athletes, from all events. The European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) also banned all Russian national teams, clubs, and officials from participating in European competition, and suspended all members of Russia from their respective functions in CEV organs.
Seidman (surname)
Seidman is a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dov Seidman (born 1964), American author and businessman

Harold Seidman (1911–2002), American political scientist

Herbert Seidman (1920–1995), American chess player

Jonathan Seidman, American professor

Judith Seidman (born 1950), Canadian politician

Lewis William Seidman (1921–2009), American economist

Mike Seidman (born 1981), American football player

Naomi Seidman, Jewish professor

Ricki Seidman (born 1955), American politician

Robert B. Seidman (1920–2014), American scholar

Steven Seidman (born 1948), American sociologist and author

David N. Seidman (born 1948), American materials scientist

David N. Seidman
David N. Seidman is an American materials scientist known for his work in atom-probe tomography and atomic-scale characterization of materials. He holds the title of Walter P. Murphy Professor Emeritus of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University and is the founding and current director of the Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT).
Seven Months' War
The Seven Months' War (Kabardian: Мазибл зауэ, Russian: Семимесячная война); also known as the Prince-Noble War (Kabardian: Пщы-уэркъ зауэ, Russian: Княжеско-дворянская война) or the Qurey War (Kabardian: Къурей зауэ) was a stage on the eastern theater of the Russo-Circassian War (1763-1864) in 1779 between the Russian Empire and the Grand Principality of Kabardia. It was the largest conflict in the war up to that time. The Circassians referred to it as the "Seven Months' War" because they considered the war to have lasted from its beginning in March until the final major battle in September.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
Benon Biraaro
Benon Biraaro (1 March 1958 – 12 February 2020; surname sometimes spelled Biraro) was a Ugandan military officer and a high-ranking commander in the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). While still in the active military, he served as the commandant of the Uganda Senior Command and Staff College in Kimaka, Jinja. In 2016, he ran (unsuccessfully) for President of Uganda on behalf of his agrarian Farmers Party of Uganda.

President of Uganda
The president of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and the head of government of Uganda. The president leads the executive branch of the government of Uganda and is the commander-in-chief of the Uganda People's Defence Force.
EXX
EXX or exx can refer to:

Davidson County Airport, an airport in Lexington, North Carolina, U.S.

Exxaro, a South African mining company, by stock ticker

International Air Corporation, an airline based in the United States, by ICAO airline code; see List of defunct airlines of the United Kingdom

EXX, a microcontroller instruction for the Toshiba TLCS

exx., a Latin abbreviation for multiple examples; see List of Latin abbreviations

Toshiba TLCS
TLCS is a prefix applied to microcontrollers made by Toshiba. The product line includes multiple families of CISC and RISC architectures. Individual components generally have a part number beginning with "TMP". E.g. the TMP8048AP is a member of the TLCS-48 family.: 11
Griswold Pass
Griswold Pass is a mountain pass in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, located at the head of Nichols Creek, a tributary of the upper Bridge River (S), and the head of Griswold Creek, a tributary of the Lord River (N), which feeds the Taseko Lakes and is effectively a tributary of the Taseko River (which enters those lakes separately).  The Nichols Creek area is part of the volcanic formation known as the Bridge River Cones, while to the north of the pass the Taseko Lakes basin is part of Tsy'los Provincial Park.

Lord River (Canada)
The Lord River is a tributary of the Taseko River in the southern Chilcotin District of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, joining that river via the head of Upper Taseko Lake, which is also fed by the upper reaches of the Taseko River proper.  The Lord River rises in the area of Lord Pass, which connects to the headwater area of the Bridge River immediately south.
Seignelay
Seignelay (French pronunciation: [sɛɲlɛ]) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. The regional historian Vaast Barthélemy Henry (1797–1884) was born in Seignelay.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Whitehorn Mountain (British Columbia)
Whitehorn Mountain is a 3,399-metre (11,152 ft) peak located in eastern British Columbia, Canada near the Alberta border. It is one of British Columbia's 102 ultra prominent peaks.

Whitehorn Mountain was first climbed by Conrad Kain in a rare solo ascent for him. Kain was in the Mount Robson area guiding a reconnaissance party led by Arthur Wheeler in 1911 when he completed the solo ascent, much to the disgruntlement of Wheeler.

Arthur Oliver Wheeler
Arthur Oliver Wheeler (May 1, 1860 – May 20, 1945) was born in Ireland and immigrated to Canada in 1876 at the age of 16. He became a land surveyor and surveyed large areas of western Canada, including photo-topographical surveys of the Selkirk Mountains and the British Columbia-Alberta boundary along the continental divide through the Canadian Rockies. In 1906, he and journalist Elizabeth Parker were the principal founders of the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC). He was its first president, from 1906 to 1910, and editor of the Canadian Alpine Journal from 1907 to 1930. He remained Honorary President of the ACC from 1926 until his death in 1945. The Arthur O. Wheeler hut of the ACC is named after him.
Bundle theory
Bundle theory, originated by the 18th century Scottish philosopher David Hume, is the ontological theory about objecthood in which an object consists only of a collection (bundle) of properties, relations or tropes.

According to bundle theory, an object consists of its properties and nothing more; thus, there cannot be an object without properties and one cannot conceive of such an object. For example, when we think of an apple, we think of its properties: redness, roundness, being a type of fruit, etc. There is nothing above and beyond these properties; the apple is nothing more than the collection of its properties. In particular, there is no substance in which the properties are inherent.

Bundle theory has been contrasted with the ego theory of the self, which views the egoic self as a soul-like substance existing in the same manner as the corporeal self.

Trope (philosophy)
Trope denotes figurative and metaphorical language and one which has been used in various technical senses. The term trope derives from the Greek τρόπος (tropos), "a turn, a change", related to the root of the verb τρέπειν (trepein), "to turn, to direct, to alter, to change"; this means that the term is used metaphorically to denote, among other things, metaphorical language.

The term is also used in technical senses, which do not always correspond to its linguistic origin. Its meaning has to be judged from the context, some of which are given below.
China Railway KDZ1A
The KDZ1A "Chuncheng" was an early attempt at building an electric multiple unit in China with the participation of Changchun Railway Vehicles, Zhuzhou Institute and Kunming railway bureau. Development was completed in 1999 in time for the Kunming World Horticultural Exposition. As its predecessor, the KDZ1 never operated commercially, the KDZ1A became the first Chinese EMU to be in revenue service, although it was in service for only 10 years before being withdrawn.

Shanghai–Kunming railway
The Shanghai–Kunming Railway or Hukun Railway (simplified Chinese: 沪昆铁路; traditional Chinese: 滬昆鐵路; pinyin: hùkūn tiělù), also known as the Hukun Line, is a major arterial railroad across eastern, south central and southwest China. It connects Shanghai, whose shorthand name is Hu, and Kunming. The line has a total length of 2,690 km (1,670 mi) and passes through Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan Province. Major cities along route include Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Yiwu, Jinhua, Shangrao, Yingtan, Pingxiang, Zhuzhou, Huaihua, Kaili, Guiyang, Anshun, Qujing, and Kunming.
Dadash Bunyadzade
Dadash Hodge oglu Bunyadzade (1888–1938) was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic from 14 March 1930 to 23 October 1932. During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.

The Azerbaijan State Institute of National Economy was named after Dadash Bunyadzade.

Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Transcaucasian SFSR or TSFSR), also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, or simply Transcaucasia, was a republic of the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1936.

The TSFSR comprised Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, traditionally known as the "Transcaucasian Republics" as they were separated from Russia by the Caucasus Mountains. It was created in March 1922 to unify the region following a Soviet invasion two years prior, and was one of the four republics to sign the Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics establishing the Soviet Union in December 1922. The TSFSR was dissolved upon the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution and its constituent republics were elevated individually to republics of the Soviet Union.
Lester Grinspoon
Lester Grinspoon (June 24, 1928 – June 25, 2020) was an American psychiatrist and associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard University, best known for his work on the science and social policy of cannabis, psychedelics and other drugs, prompting his ensuing commitment to the reformation of drug policies. He concurrently served as a senior psychiatrist at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center for 40 years. Grinspoon was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Psychiatric Association. He was founding editor of The American Psychiatric Association Annual Review and Harvard Mental Health Letter. Grinspoon was editor of Harvard Mental Health Letter for fifteen years.

Massachusetts Mental Health Center
The Massachusetts Mental Health Center is a historic psychiatric hospital complex at 75 Fenwood Road in the Longwood medical area of Boston, Massachusetts.

The center was founded in 1912 as the Boston Psychopathic Hospital.  Its original main building and power plant were built that year, with additions in later decades including a therapeutic wing (1954) and research building (1957).  The entire property was surrounded by an iron picket fence. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, representing one of the nation's oldest psychiatric hospitals.  In 2009 the center's historic campus at 74 Fenwood Road was acquired by Partners HealthCare and demolished the following year.  The center continues to operate in modern facilities at 75 Fenwood Road.