hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arab Women's Congress
Arab Women's Congress can refer to:

First Arab Women's Congress, organized by the Arab Women's Executive Committee in Jerusalem in 1929

Arab Women's Congress of 1944, also called Arab Feminist Congress, organized by the Egyptian Feminist Union in Cairo in 1944

Arab Feminist Union
Arab Feminist Union (AFU) was an umbrella organization of feminist associations from Arab countries, founded in 1945. Its purpose was to achieve social and political gender equality while promoting Arab nationalism.

In 1938, the EFU organized the Eastern Women’s Conference for the Defense of Palestine in Cairo. The AFU, when it was founded, served as an extension to the Arab Women's Association of Palestine (AWA). The purpose of AFU's founding was to encourage Arab nationalism, which was accomplished by promoting the collaboration of feminist associations among different Arab countries.

The AFU's creation linked a range of nationalist, literary, and reform-oriented movements from Palestinian and Sudanese women active in anti-colonial struggles to Algerian women participating in the independence war.
Dave Ostrander
David Ostrander is an American former football coach and college administrator. He served as the head football coach at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa (1977), Loras College in Dubuque, Iowa (1978–1979), and Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois (1980–1983), compiling a career college football coaching record of 13–50–1. He most recently served as the vice president for advancement at Linfield College in McMinnville, Oregon.

A native of Buffalo Center, Iowa, Ostrander played college football at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He was an assistant football coach at Iowa Wesleyan for two years before being named head coach in January 1977.

Iowa Wesleyan University
Iowa Wesleyan University was a private university in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, United States. It was Iowa's first coeducational institution of higher learning and the oldest of its type west of the Mississippi River. The institution was affiliated with the United Methodist Church. It closed at the end of the 2022–23 academic year due to financial challenges.

Two campus buildings, Old Main and the Harlan-Lincoln House, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The latter, the former summer home of Robert Todd Lincoln, is now a museum featuring artifacts from the Harlan and Lincoln families.
Matthew Blackmer
Matthew Blackmer (born December 12, 1991, in Findlay, Ohio) is a retired American pair skater turned ice dancer. With former pairs partner Britney Simpson, he is the 2011 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, the 2012 U.S. Junior silver medalist and the 2013 U.S. Junior Champion. He also skated with ice dancer Alexandra Aldridge.

2011–12 ISU Junior Grand Prix
The 2011–12 ISU Junior Grand Prix was the 15th season of the series of junior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union. It was the junior-level complement to the 2011–12 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating contested by senior-level skaters. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.

Skaters earned points towards qualifying for the final at each of the seven Junior Grand Prix events. The top six skaters/teams in the series from each discipline met at the 2011–12 Junior Grand Prix Final, which was held concurrently with the senior final.
Diatonic set theory
Diatonic set theory is a subdivision or application of musical set theory which applies the techniques and analysis of discrete mathematics to properties of the diatonic collection such as maximal evenness, Myhill's property, well formedness, the deep scale property, cardinality equals variety, and structure implies multiplicity. The name is something of a misnomer as the concepts involved usually apply much more generally, to any periodically repeating scale.

Music theorists working in diatonic set theory include Eytan Agmon, Gerald J. Balzano, Norman Carey, David Clampitt, John Clough, Jay Rahn, and mathematician Jack Douthett. A number of key concepts were first formulated by David Rothenberg (the Rothenberg propriety), who published in the journal Mathematical Systems Theory, and Erv Wilson, working entirely outside of the academic world.

Musical analysis
Musical analysis is the study of musical structure in either compositions or performances. According to music theorist Ian Bent, music analysis "is the means of answering directly the question 'How does it work?'". The method employed to answer this question, and indeed exactly what is meant by the question, differs from analyst to analyst, and according to the purpose of the analysis. According to Bent, "its emergence as an approach and method can be traced back to the 1750s. However it existed as a scholarly tool, albeit an auxiliary one, from the Middle Ages onwards."

The principle of analysis has been variously criticized, especially by composers, such as Edgard Varèse's claim that, "to explain by means of [analysis] is to decompose, to mutilate the spirit of a work".
Mothergod
Mothergod (Erica Pierce) is a fictional character from Valiant Comics. She was exposed to the same energies that turned Phil Seleski into Solar, and she gained the same energy and matter manipulation powers. Driven mad by the destruction and imperfect recreation of the universe, Mothergod sought to repair reality by erasing everything and starting again with the time streams aligned, leading to the events of the world-shaking UNITY Crossover.

Unity (comics)
"Unity" is an 18-issue crossover story published by Valiant Comics in the summer of 1992. It was conceived by Valiant's Editor-in-Chief, Jim Shooter, who wanted to revolutionize the crossover concept in comics.

The story was serialized in all nine of the Valiant Universe comic book titles published from August to September 1992 and set up several spin-off titles.

In 2012, several years after Valiant had ceased publishing comic books, they restarted their continuity and the name was repurposed for the superhero team Unity.
Argyll Robertson pupil
Argyll Robertson pupils (AR pupils) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react). They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic neuropathy. In general, pupils that accommodate but do not react are said to show light-near dissociation (i.e., it is the absence of a miotic reaction to light, both direct and consensual, with the preservation of a miotic reaction to near stimulus (accommodation/convergence)).

AR pupils are extremely uncommon in the developed world.  There is continued interest in the underlying pathophysiology, but the scarcity of cases makes ongoing research difficult.

Miosis
Miosis, or myosis (from Ancient Greek  μύειν (múein) 'to close the eyes'), is excessive constriction of the pupil. The opposite condition, mydriasis, is the dilation of the pupil. Anisocoria is the condition of one pupil being more dilated than the other.
Roberti–Roos Assault Weapons Control Act of 1989
The Roberti–Roos Assault Weapons Control Act of 1989 (AWCA) is a California law that bans the ownership and transfer of over 50 specific brands and models of firearms, which were classified as assault weapons. Most were rifles, but some were pistols and shotguns. The law was amended in 1999 to classify assault weapons by features of the firearm. Firearms that were legally owned at the time the law was passed were grandfathered if they were registered with the California Department of Justice. The law was overturned in June 2021 in Miller v. Bonta; the ruling is stayed pending appeal.

Stock (firearms)
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached.  The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.
German submarine U-355
German submarine U-355 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 4 May 1940 at the Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft yard at Flensburg, launched on 5 July 1941, and commissioned on 29 October 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Günter La Baume. After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla, U-355 was transferred to the 11th U-boat Flotilla, based at Bergen in Norway, for front-line service from 1 July 1942. The boat went missing on 1 April 1944 while on patrol, and was never heard from again. Her fate remains unsolved.

11th U-boat Flotilla
The 11th U-boat Flotilla (German 11. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed on 15 May 1942 in Bergen, Norway. The flotilla operated mainly in the North Sea and against the Russian convoys (JW, PQ, QP and RA series) in the Arctic Sea. The flotilla operated various marks of the Type VII U-boat until September 1944, when it had an influx of some Type IX boats from France. It also was the only flotilla to field the Type XXI U-boat for operational use, but the war ended before U-2511 saw action. The Flotilla was disbanded on 9 May 1945 with the German surrender.
Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve
The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve arises from the facial nerve (CN VII) in the parotid gland at the parotid plexus. It passes anterior-ward deep to the platysma and depressor anguli oris muscles. It provides motor innervation to muscles of the lower lip and chin: the depressor labii inferioris muscle, depressor anguli oris muscle, and mentalis muscle. It communicates with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar nerve.

Mentalis
The mentalis muscle is a paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin. It originates from the mentum of the mandible, and inserts into the soft tissue of the chin. It is sometimes referred to as the "pouting muscle" (as in duck face) due to it raising the lower lip and causing chin wrinkles.
2022 in Ukraine
The following is a list of events from the year 2022 in Ukraine.

This year most notably saw the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine to the north in the Chernihiv, Kyiv, and Zhytomyr Oblasts, from the east into the Donetsk, Kharkiv, Luhansk, and Sumy Oblasts, and from the previously occupied Crimea to the south into the Kherson, Mykolaiv, and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts. Ukraine's refusal to surrender its capital and support from its allies led to Russia withdrawing from its northern occupied territories in April, and successful Ukrainian eastern and southern counteroffensives in September and November which largely stabilized the frontline.

The war continued into the following year primarily in the Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson Oblasts, despite an internationally condemned and widely unrecognized Russian referendum annexing the oblasts in September.

Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast
On 24 February 2022, the Russian military invaded Ukraine, crossing the Russia-Ukraine and Belarus–Ukraine borders at several points in Chernihiv Oblast. Russian troops unsuccessfully attempted to capture the capital city of the oblast, Chernihiv, as part of a strategy to reach the Ukraine's capital Kyiv from the east.
Eureka Online College
Eureka Online College (EoC) was founded in 2012, initially to provide online CPD for teachers specializing in science and maths. It has since grown and in 2015 had its subject knowledge enhancement courses listed on the NCTL website, benefitting preITT students throughout the UK studying with either SCITT providers or universities.

The college has been involved in "Subject Knowledge Enhancement" (SKE), the UK government initiative to help increase the number of teachers in the subjects that experience staff shortage. SKE courses are offered to college graduates who would like to study such subjects as biology, chemistry, physics, maths, computing or geography.

EOC has been using Blackboard Learn, a VLE program used to host and deliver EOC courses and providing students with access to the learning material. Online lessons are hosted via Cisco's meeting platform and Blackboard Collaborate.

National College for Teaching and Leadership
The National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) was an executive agency of the British Department for Education from 2013 to 2018. It inherited the responsibilities of the National College for School Leadership (NCSL). The NCTL aimed to improve academic standards by ensuring a well-qualified teaching workforce and supporting schools.

The NCTL also regulated the teaching profession by:

Prohibiting teachers from working in cases of serious professional misconduct.

Overseeing teacher inductions.

Awarding Qualified Teacher Status and Early Years Teacher Status.

In April 2018, the NCTL was dissolved, with its regulatory functions shifting to the Teaching Regulation Agency and its remaining responsibilities absorbed by the Department for Education.
Vovkove, Odesa Oblast
Vovkove (Ukrainian: Вовкове) is a village in Berezivka Raion of Odesa Oblast in Ukraine. It belongs to Konopliane rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine Epiphanius I was born in the village.

Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine
The Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine is the metropolitan bishop who is the head of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. This ecclesiastical title was created and canonized at the Unification council of 2018 held in Kyiv, Ukraine. The incumbent is Epiphanius I of Ukraine.
Jarlath Carey
Daniel Jarlath Carey (2 June 1932 – 4 October 2006) was a Northern Irish sportsperson.  He played Gaelic football with his local club Dundrum and was a member of the Down senior inter-county team from the 1950s until the 1960s.  Carey won back-to-back All-Ireland titles with Down in 1960 and 1961. He later served as a Social Democratic and Labour Party councillor on Down District Council from 1977 to 1981.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Nanda Gurung
Nanda Gurung (Nepali: नन्दा गुरुङ्ग) is a Nepalese politician and currently serving as the 2nd Speaker of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. Gurung is the first female Provincial Speaker of Nepal.

She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Koshi Provincial Assembly. In the 2022 Nepalese provincial election she was elected as a proportional representative from the indigenous people category.

Ethnic groups in Nepal
Ethnic groups in Nepal are delineated using language, ethnic identity or the caste system in Nepal. They are categorized by common culture and endogamy. Endogamy carves out ethnic groups in Nepal.Nepal is one of the most ethnically diverse country with a rich mosaic of cultures, languages, and traditions shaped by its geography and history. According to the National Population and Housing Census 2021, Nepal is home to 142 distinct caste and ethnic groups, an increase from 125 in the 2011 census. These groups speak over 120 languages and belong to various linguistic families, primarily Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman.
Deir Razih
Deir Razih (Arabic: دير رازح) is a Palestinian village in the southern West Bank located about 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) southwest of Hebron, in the Hebron Governorate. Administratively it is a Local Development Committee and relies mainly on nearby Dura for services. Its jurisdiction covers about 4.6 km2 (1.8 sq mi) (4,600 dunams), of which roughly 220 dunams are built-up and about 2,033 dunams are agricultural lands, according to ARIJ’s village profile. The village had a population of 294 in the 2017 PCBS census.

Hebron Governorate
The Hebron Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الخليل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Khalīl) is an administrative district of Palestine in the southern West Bank.

The governorate's land area is 1,060 square kilometres (410 sq mi) and its population according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in mid-year 2019 was 1,004,510. This makes the Hebron Governorate the largest of 16 governorates in both population and land area in the Palestinian territories. The city of Hebron is the district capital or muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The current Governor of Hebron is Khaled Dudin.

During the first six months of the First Intifada 42 people in Hebron Governorate were killed by the Israeli army.
Xanthorhiza
Xanthorhiza simplicissima (yellowroot) is the only member of the genus Xanthorhiza, and one of very few genera in the family Ranunculaceae with a woody stem (the other notable example being Clematis). It is native to the eastern United States from Maine south to northern Florida and west to Ohio and eastern Texas. It contains the alkaloid berberine, which has a number of traditional and contemporary uses for dyeing and medicine.

The genus name as well as the common name refer to the plant's yellow roots (xantho- meaning "yellow" and rhiza meaning "root"), which was used to produce a yellow dye by Native Americans. The specific epithet refers to the simple (not branched) stems.

Woody plant
A woody plant is a plant that produces wood as its structural tissue and thus has a hard stem.  In cold climates, woody plants further survive winter or dry season above ground, as opposed to herbaceous plants that die back to the ground until spring.
Shift dress
A shift dress is a dress in which the cloth falls straight from the shoulders and has darts around the bust. It frequently features a high scoop or boat neck. The shift dress is often confused with the sheath dress, which is form-fitting and shaped by tucks on the waist area. Shift dresses became popular in western fashion in the 1920s and were revived in the 1960s.

Lilly Pulitzer
Lillian Pulitzer Rousseau (November 10, 1931 – April 7, 2013) was an American entrepreneur, fashion designer, and socialite. She founded Lilly Pulitzer, Inc., a clothing brand known for resort-inspired apparel, accessories, and other wares featuring vibrant prints.

Early Life & Background

Pulitzer was born in Roslyn, New York to Lillian Bostwick and Robert McKim. She was educated at the Chapin School and graduated from Miss Porter’s School in Farmington, Connecticut in 1949. [citation]

While vacationing in Palm Beach, Florida, she met Herbert (Peter) Pulitzer Jr., grandson of Joseph Pulitzer (the publisher after whom the Pulitzer Prize is named). The couple eloped in 1950 and lived year-round in Palm Beach, an unusual choice at the time, as the resort town largely shut down during the summer months. Lilly soon became known for her bohemian lifestyle; the young socialite was often spotted on Worth Avenue barefoot with her pet monkey in tow.
History of slavery in Mississippi
The history of slavery in Mississippi began when the region was still Mississippi Territory and continued until abolition in 1865. The U.S. state of Mississippi had one of the largest populations of enslaved people in the Confederacy, third behind Virginia and Georgia. There were very few free people of color in Mississippi the year before the American Civil War: the ratio was one freedman for every 575 enslaved persons.

Choctaw
The Choctaw (Choctaw: Chahta Choctaw pronunciation: [tʃahtá(ʔ)]) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States, historically based in what is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The Choctaw language is a Western Muskogean language. Today, Choctaw people are enrolled primarily in three federally recognized tribes: the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, and the Jena Band of Choctaw Indians in Louisiana. The Yowani Choctaw, a historic Choctaw band, are federally recognized as a people within the Caddo Nation and are also enrolled as citizens of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Choctaw descendants are also members of other tribes.
Humera massacre (2020)
The Humera massacre  was an ethnic mass murder event carried out in November 2020 in the town of Humera (Tigrinya: ሑሞራ) in the Tigray Region of northwestern Ethiopia, next to the Sudanese border. The massacre took place during an armed conflict between the regional government of Tigray and the federal government of Ethiopia. Refugees attributed the massacre to Amhara militias, including Fano, and the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF).

Humera Airport
Humera Airport (IATA: HUE, ICAO: HAHU) is a public airport serving Humera, a town in the Tigray Region of northern Ethiopia. The name of the city and airport may also be transliterated as Himera or Himora.

Humera Airport is located at 13°49′49″N 036°52′54″E﻿ / ﻿13.83028°N 36.88167°E﻿ / 13.83028; 36.88167﻿ (Humera Airport (new)), which is 59 km (37 miles) southeast of Humera (14°18′N 036°37′E﻿ / ﻿14.300°N 36.617°E﻿ / 14.300; 36.617﻿ (Humera, Ethiopia)). Humera's current airport opened in July 2009. It was constructed by the Ethiopian Airports Enterprise over a three-year period, at a cost of over 182 million birr (about 16 million U.S. dollars based on the July 2009 exchange rates).
Vivian Yusuf
Vivian Aminu Yusuf (born 8 August 1983) is a Nigerian judoka, who played for the half-heavyweight category. She won two silver medals at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers, Algeria, and at the 2008 African Judo Championships in Agadir, Morocco, both losing out to Tunisia's Houda Miled in the final match.

Yusuf represented Nigeria at the 2008 Summer Olympics in The Games of the XXIX Olympiad in Beijing, China, where she competed for the women's half-heavyweight class (78 kg). She received a bye for the second preliminary round, before losing out to Germany's Heide Wollert, who was able to score an automatic ippon at thirty-seven seconds.

2007 All-Africa Games
The 9th All-Africa Games (Arabic: الألعاب الأفريقية التاسعة; French: 9e Jeux africains), also known as Algiers 2007 (Arabic: الجزائر 2007), took place from 11 to 23 July 2007 in Algiers, the capital city of Algeria. Algiers became the first city to hold All-Africa Games for a second time. The 1978 All-Africa Games were also held there. Besides Algeria, only Nigeria had hosted the event twice, but with different host cities. 4,793 athletes from 52 nations took part in the 2007 Games.
Cison di Valmarino
Cison di Valmarino is a village and comune with 2,295 inhabitants  in the province of Treviso, Veneto, north-eastern Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") since 2019 it has boasted the Orange Flag tourism and environmental quality mark awarded by the Italian Touring Club. The village was the seat of the (historic) county of Valmareno (old spelling), formerly encompassing 2 castles and 20 villages and from 1439 belonging to the Brandolini family, the counts of Valmarino. The name is a portmanteau of valle (valley) and mara (marsh or wet place).

Vittorio Veneto
Vittorio Veneto is a city and comune situated in the Province of Treviso, in the region of Veneto, Italy, in the northeast of Italy, between the Piave and the Livenza rivers, borders with the following municipalities:

Alpago (BL), Belluno (BL), Cappella Maggiore, Colle Umberto, Conegliano, Fregona, Limana (BL), Revine Lago, San Pietro di Feletto, Tarzo.