hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pivnichne, Sumy Oblast
Pivnichne (Ukrainian: Північне) is a village in Sumy Raion, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Pivnichne was located in Lebedyn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Sumy Oblast to five. The area of Lebedyn Raion was merged into Sumy Raion.

Lebedyn Raion
Lebedyn Raion (Ukrainian: Лебединський район) was a raion in Sumy Oblast in Central Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the town of Lebedyn, which was administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Sumy Oblast to five. The last estimate of the raion population was 18,510 (2020 est.).
Golden Pacific Airlines (1969–1973)
Golden Pacific Airlines was a regional airline headquartered in San Francisco, California that operated flights to cities in the Redwood Empire and Central Valley between 1969 and 1973. It was founded by Floyd Braeseke, a former air force pilot.

Golden Pacific began service in March 1969 with flights from Ukiah and Santa Rosa to San Francisco International Airport. The airline served 15 cities by 1970, but was found by the California Public Utilities Commission to have operated at a loss for its first 16 months.

In 1972, Golden Pacific was reported to have sold four of its Beech 99 aircraft it had used on its scheduled northern California services, and was leasing two Twin Otters from Golden West Airlines pending approval from the Civil Aeronautics Board of an application to operate the Corvair 600. This application was denied later the same year.

Convair CV-240 family
The Convair CV-240 is an American airliner that Convair manufactured from 1947 to 1954, initially as a possible replacement for the ubiquitous Douglas DC-3. Featuring a more modern design with cabin pressurization, the low-wing, primarily piston-driven 240 series made some inroads as a commercial airliner, spawning nearly a dozen civil variants, and five for the military, including turboprop versions for both. Though reduced in numbers by attrition, various forms of the "Convairliners" continue to fly in the 21st century.
Electrochemical surface area
In electrochemistry, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) is the portion of a catalyst's surface that actively partakes in redox reactions.The surface area of a catalyst exposed to the electrolyte, known as the geometric surface area, does not fully correspond to the area involved in electrochemical reactions while the ECSA accounts for the truly active catalyst surface and offers a metric for comparing electrocatalytic materials. In particular, it allows the computation of the efficacy of the electrocatalyst and it is used for the optimization process of the performance and lifetime of catalyst layers in applications such as fuel cells, water electrolysis, and metal-air batteries.

Double-layer capacitance
Double-layer capacitance is the important characteristic of the electrical double layer which appears at the interface between a surface and a fluid (for example,  between a conductive electrode and an adjacent liquid electrolyte). At this boundary two layers of electric charge with opposing polarity form, one at the surface of the electrode, and one in the electrolyte. These two layers, electrons on the electrode and ions in the electrolyte, are typically separated by a single layer of solvent molecules that adhere to the surface of the electrode and act like a dielectric in a conventional capacitor. The amount of charge stored in double-layer capacitor depends on  the applied voltage.

The double-layer capacitance is the physical principle behind the electrostatic double-layer type of supercapacitors.
Kuncho Kunchev
Kuncho Kunchev (Bulgarian: Кунчо Кунчев; born 27 June 1983) is a Bulgarian footballer who played as a midfielder.

Kunchev previously played for Cherno More Varna and Spartak Varna in the Bulgarian A PFG.

FC Spartak Varna
FC Spartak Varna (Bulgarian: Футболен клуб „Спартак“ Варна) is a Bulgarian association football club based in Varna, which currently competes in the First League, the top level of Bulgarian football league system. Spartak plays its home matches at the local Stadion Spartak.

Founded in 1918, Spartak Varna established itself as one of the early pioneering clubs in Bulgarian football. Spartak won the Bulgarian league in 1932, and was runner up in 1931 and 1933. Spartak has spent the majority of its existence in the first tier of Bulgarian football, with the club’s most recent top flight participation being season 2022–2023.

Spartak's nickname is the "Falcons", and the club has a rivalry with fellow Varna-based club, Cherno More Varna. Matches between the two sides are known as the "Derby of Varna". The two sides even used to share the Yuri Gagarin Stadium before it was demolished.
Ahmed Haji Ali Adami
Ahmed Haji Ali Adami (Somali: Axmed Xaaji Cali Cadami) is a Somali politician who served as the Minister of Defence of Somaliland from July 2010 to October 2015. 
He formerly served as the Chairman of National Electoral Commission from 2002 to 2007.He is from the Warsangali clan.

Buuhoodle
Buuhoodle (Somali: Buuhoodle, Arabic: بووهودل), also known as Bohotle, serves as a significant border town for the movement of goods between Somalia and Ethiopia's Somali Region. The surrounding district is rich in livestock with growing agricultural activities.
Jonathan Crane (politician)
Jonathan Crane (1750 – August 1820) was a militia leader and political figure in Nova Scotia. He fought in the Battle off Cape Split in the American Revolution.  He represented Kings County from 1784-1793 and 1799-1818, and Horton Township from 1818 to 1820 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

He was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, the son of Silas Crane, and moved to Horton (later Wolfville), Nova Scotia, with his family in 1761. In 1771, Crane married Rebecca Allison there. He was named a justice of the peace in 1783 and a judge in the inferior Court of Common Pleas for King's County in 1815. He also served as colonel in the local militia. Crane was elected to represent Cornwallis in 1820 but died at Grand-Pré before the first session.

His son William later served in the New Brunswick House of Assembly. His daughter Nancy married Sherman Denison.

Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia
Grand-Pré (French: [ɡʁɑ̃pʁe]) is a rural community in Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Its French name translates to "Great/Large Meadow" and the community lies at the eastern edge of the Annapolis Valley several kilometres east of the town of Wolfville on a peninsula jutting into the Minas Basin surrounded by extensive dyked farm fields, framed by the Gaspereau and Cornwallis Rivers. The community was made famous by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem Evangeline and is today home to the Grand-Pré National Historic Site. On June 30, 2012, the Landscape of Grand-Pré was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Rowing at the 2011 Pan American Games
Rowing competitions at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara  will take place from October 15 to October 19 at the Canoe & Rowing Course in Ciudad Guzman. The only difference between the Pan American rowing program and the Olympic program is, the women's eights is replaced with the women's lightweight single sculls.

Ciudad Guzmán
Ciudad Guzmán (also known as simply Guzmán) is a city in the Mexican state of Jalisco. 
It is located 124 kilometres (77 mi) south of Guadalajara, at a height of 1,507 metres (4,944 ft) above sea level. Its population totaled 97,750 in the 2010 census, ranking as the eighth-largest city in the state.

Ciudad Guzmán is the municipal seat of Zapotlán el Grande municipality, which has an area of 295.29 km2 (114.0 sq.mi). The municipality's population was 115,141 in the 2020 census.
Cory Weeds
Cory Weeds (born 1975) is a Canadian jazz saxophonist and impresario. He is the founder and owner of the Cellar Music Group record label.

Weeds has performed alongside musicians including Christian McBride, Joey DeFrancesco, Peter Bernstein (guitarist), Eric Alexander (jazz saxophonist), Mike LeDonne, and Joe Farnsworth.

Christian McBride
Christian McBride (born May 31, 1972) is an American jazz bassist, composer, and arranger. He has appeared on more than 400 recordings as a sideman, and is an eleven-time Grammy Award winner.

McBride has performed and recorded with a number of jazz musicians and ensembles, including Freddie Hubbard, McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny, Joe Henderson, Diana Krall, Roy Haynes, Chick Corea, Wynton Marsalis, Eddie Palmieri, Joshua Redman, George Duke, and Ray Brown's "SuperBass" with John Clayton, as well as with pop, hip-hop, soul, and classical musicians like Sting, Paul McCartney, Celine Dion, Isaac Hayes, The Roots, Queen Latifah, Kathleen Battle, Renee Fleming, Carly Simon, Bruce Hornsby, and James Brown.
Pueblo Mountain
Pueblo Mountain is the highest mountain of the Pueblo Mountains mountain range, at 8,632 feet (2,631 m) in elevation. It is located in Harney County in southeastern Oregon, within the Great Basin region of the western United States. It is about 7.4 miles (11.9 km) north of the community of Denio on the Nevada border and about 37.3 miles (60.0 km) south of Steens Mountain.

Great Basin
The Great Basin (Spanish: Gran Cuenca) is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets to the ocean, in North America. It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming, and Baja California. It is noted for both its arid climate and the basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin in Death Valley to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 miles (160 km) away at the summit of Mount Whitney. The region spans several physiographic divisions, biomes, ecoregions, and deserts.
Alamal SC Atbara
Al-Amal Sports Club Atbara (Arabic: نادي الأمل الرياضي عطبره) is a Sudanese football club based in Atbara. They play in the top division in Sudanese football, Sudan Premier League. The home stadium of Al-Amal SC is the 15,000-capacity Atbara Stadium.

Atbara
Atbara (sometimes Atbarah) (Arabic: عطبرة ʿAṭbarah) is a city located in River Nile State in northeastern Sudan.

Because of its links to the railway industry, Atbara is also known as the 'Railway City'.

Atbara's population was recorded as 134,586 during the 2008 census.
Santa Maria in Palmis
Santa Maria in Palmis (Italian: Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Piante; Latin: Sanctae Mariae in Palmis), also known as Chiesa del Domine Quo Vadis, is a small church southeast of Rome. It is located about some 800 m from Porta San Sebastiano, where the Via Ardeatina branches off the Appian Way, on the site where, according to the apocryphal Acts of Peter, Saint Peter met the risen Christ while Peter was fleeing persecution in Rome. According to the tradition, Peter asked him, "Lord, where are you going?" (Latin: Domine, quo vadis?). Christ answered, "I am going to Rome to be crucified again" (Latin: Eo Romam iterum crucifigi).

New Testament apocrypha
The New Testament apocrypha (singular apocryphon) are a number of writings by early Christians that give accounts of Jesus and his teachings, the nature of God, or the teachings of his apostles and of their lives. Some of these writings were cited as scripture by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the 27 books of the modern canon. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches generally do not view the New Testament apocrypha as part of the Bible.
Marine Air Support Squadron 4
Marine Air Support Squadron 4 (MASS-4) was a reserve United States Marine Corps aviation command and control unit that provided the Direct Air Support Center (DASC) capability from 1962 through the early 1990s. MASS-4 was headquartered at Naval Air Station Los Alamitos, California, and was part of Marine Air Control Group 48 (MACG-48) and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing (4th MAW).

United States Marine Corps Reserve
The Marine Forces Reserve (MARFORRES or MFR), also known as the United States Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR) and the U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve, is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. The Marine Corps Reserve is an expeditionary, warfighting organization and primarily designed to augment and reinforce the active duty units of the Marine Corps in their expeditionary role. It is the largest command, by assigned personnel, in the U.S. Marine Corps.

Marines in the Reserve go through the same training and work in the same Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) as their active-duty counterparts. The United States Marine Corps Reserve was established when Congress passed the Naval Appropriations Act of 29 August 1916, and is responsible for providing trained units and qualified individuals to be mobilized for active duty in time of war, national emergency, or contingency operations.
Cime de Caron
Cime de Caron is a mountain of Savoie, France. It lies in the Massif de la Vanoise range. It has an elevation of 3,195 metres (10,482 ft) above sea level. It is a mountain in the Three Valleys (Les Trois Vallées) a popular ski resort, in the valley of Les Belleville, in the resort of Val Thorens. It has four ski slopes: three black, and one red. One of the blacks (Combe de Rosael) goes into the secret fourth valley, in the three valleys, Orelle. Cime de Caron is the second-highest skiing point in the Three Valleys. A cable car was built on the mountain in 1982.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.
Schizophyllan
Schizophyllan (Sonifilan, SPG) is a neutral extracellular polysaccharide produced by the fungus Schizophyllum commune. Schizophyllan is a β-1,3 beta-glucan with β-1,6 branching. Schizophyllan is also known as sizofiran.

Schizophyllan has a molecular weight of 450,000 Da, and a specific rotation in water of +18-24°. A chemically analogous polysaccharide, scleroglucan, is formed by the fungus Athelia rolfsii. Both polysaccharides share the chemical structure of the backbone with curdlan. It is known for several things, including its ability to stimulate the immune system, carry metals in water, aid in delivering drugs, and use in some nanofibers.

Schizophyllum commune
Schizophyllum commune is a species of fungus in the genus Schizophyllum. The mushroom resembles undulating waves of tightly packed corals or a loose Chinese fan. Gillies or split-gills vary from creamy yellow to pale white in colour. The cap is 1–4 centimetres (3⁄8–1+5⁄8 in) wide with a dense yet spongey body texture.

It is found on rotting wood throughout the world. This fungus is an opportunistic environmental pathogen.
Bernhardin II von Herberstein
Bernhard II. von Herberstein (1566 - 30 July 1624) was an Austrian nobleman, who was Reichsfreiherr of Neuberg and Gutenhag, Prince of Lankowitz in the Duchy of Carinthia, and Lord of the lordships of Herberstein, Reifenstein and Krems.

He was in the special favor of Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria, later Emperor Ferdinand II (1587–1637), who appointed him Archducal Chamberlain, Oberststallmeister and later privy councilor and Imperial Oberst-Hofmarschall. He was also highly valued by Archduchess consort Maria Anna Duchess of Bavaria.

Duchy of Carinthia
The Duchy of Carinthia (Latin: Ducatus Carinthiae; German: Herzogtum Kärnten; Slovene: Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, and was the first newly created Imperial State after the original German stem duchies.

Carinthia remained a State of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, though from 1335 it was ruled within the Austrian dominions of the Habsburg dynasty. A constituent part of the Habsburg monarchy and of the Austrian Empire, it remained a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until 1918. By the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite in October 1920, the main area of the duchy formed the Austrian state of Carinthia.
Ömer Özkan
Ömer Özkan (born December 31, 1971) is a Turkish plastic surgeon. An associate professor at the Akdeniz University in Antalya, he led the team that performed in 2012 the first full face transplant in Turkey.

Uşak
Uşak (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈuʃak]) is a city in the interior part of the Aegean Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Uşak Province and Uşak District. Its population is 236,366 (2022).

Uşak is located 210 km (130 mi) from İzmir, the region's principal metropolitan center and port city. Benefiting from its location at the crossroads of the Central Anatolian plateau and the coastal Aegean Region, and from a climate and agricultural production incorporating elements of both of these zones, Uşak has also traditionally had a strong industrial base. Uşak was the first city in Turkey to have an urban electricity network, and the first city where a collective labor relations agreement was signed, during the Ottoman era, between leather industry employees and workers. It was here that the first factory of Republican Turkey, a sugar refinery, was set up through a private sector initiative among local businessmen. The tradition of industriousness continues today around two industrial zones.
The Shaving of Shagpat
The Shaving of Shagpat: An Arabian Entertainment is a fantasy novel by English writer George Meredith. It was first published in hardcover by Chapman and Hall in 1856, and there have been numerous editions since. Its importance in the history of fantasy literature was recognized by its reissuing by Ballantine Books as the seventeenth volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in July 1970. The Ballantine edition includes an introduction by Lin Carter.

The novel is a humorous oriental romance and allegory written in the style of the Arabian Nights. Like its model, it includes a number of stories within the story, along with poetic asides.

Chapman & Hall
Chapman & Hall is an imprint owned by CRC Press, originally founded as a British publishing house in London in the first half of the 19th century by Edward Chapman and William Hall. Chapman & Hall were publishers for Charles Dickens (from 1840 until 1844 and again from 1858 until 1870), Thomas Carlyle, William Thackeray, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Anthony Trollope, Eadweard Muybridge and Evelyn Waugh, and his brother Alec Waugh.
Sablin
Sablin (Russian: Саблин, from сабля meaning sabre) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Sablina. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Sablina (born 1945), Russian speed skater

Artyom Sablin (born 1995), Russian football player

Dmitry Sablin (born 1968) Ukrainian-born Russian politician and businessman

Mikhail Sablin (1869–1920), Russian Admiral

Nikolai Sablin (c.1850–1881), Russian revolutionary

Nikolai Pavlovich Sablin, Russian naval officer, brother of Mikhail

Valery Sablin (1939–1976), Soviet naval officer and mutineer

Yuriy Sablin (1897–1937), Russian military leader, a Socialist Revolutionary

Mikhail Sablin
Mikhail Pavlovich Sablin (Russian: Михаил Павлович Саблин, Ukrainian: Миха́йло Па́влович Са́блін) (June 17, 1869 – October 17, 1920), was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, the first independent Ukrainian Navy and a member of the White Russian Movement.
Lyell Land
Lyell Land is a peninsula in King Christian X Land, East Greenland. It is located in the King Oscar Fjord area. Administratively it is part of the Northeast Greenland National Park zone.

It was named by Swedish Arctic explorer A.G. Nathorst on his 1899 expedition after Scottish geologist Charles Lyell (1797–1875).

Alfred Gabriel Nathorst
Alfred Gabriel Nathorst (7 November 1850 – 20 January 1921) was a Swedish Arctic explorer, geologist, and palaeobotanist. He travelled to Spitzbergen, Svalbard and Greenland where he took an interest in the Arctic floras from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic periods.
Three-man chess
Three-man chess is a chess variant for three players invented by George R. Dekle Sr. in 1984. The game is played on a hexagonal board comprising 96 quadrilateral cells. Each player controls a standard army of chess pieces.

Three-man chess was included in World Game Review No. 10 edited by Michael Keller.

George R. Dekle Sr.
George Robert "Bob" Dekle Sr. (born May 23, 1948) is an American lawyer who was an Assistant State Attorney in Florida's Third Judicial Circuit from 1975 through 2005. During this time, he served as lead prosecuting attorney in the 1980 Orlando murder trial of serial killer Ted Bundy, which ultimately delivered the death penalty that was carried out in 1989. Dekle's book on the case, The Last Murder: The Investigation, Prosecution, and Execution of Ted Bundy, was published in 2011.

Dekle served as a Legal Skills Professor at Levin College of Law, University of Florida, from 2006 through June 2016. He writes books on trial advocacy and legal history and has lectured extensively nationwide. Dekle is also a chess variant inventor.
Chief of the South African National Defence Force
The Chief of the South African National Defence Force is the most senior South African military officer and the professional Head of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). The Chief is appointed by the President of South Africa.: 18

The SANDF was formed in 1994 following the first democratic general election in South Africa and was created by an amalgamation of the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) as well as the existing South African Defence Force (SADF) structure of Army, Air Force, Navy, and Medical Service (which was renamed Military Health Service in 1998).

South African National Defence Force
The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the armed forces of South Africa. The Chief of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the armed services. They are in turn accountable to the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans of the Defence Department.

The military as it exists today was created in 1994, following South Africa's first nonracial election in April of that year and the adoption of a new constitution. It replaced the South African Defence Force and also integrated uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), and the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) guerilla forces.