hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shamkhor massacre
The Shamkhor massacre (Russian: Шамхорская резня) or the Shamkhor incident (Azerbaijani: Şamxor hadisəsi), took place on 22–25 January (9–12 January, Old Style) 1918, Shamkir, Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijani armed groups, acting on orders from the Military Council of Nationalities, massacred Russian soldiers who were returning home from the Caucasus Front, in an effort to obtain sufficient arms.

The Azerbaijani Musavatists and Tatar Cavalry Regiment, under the leadership of the Military Council of Nationalities, stopped a Russian train and demanded the handover of the military supply on it, but the Russian soldiers had refused to give the military equipment away. The following events resulted in the Azerbaijanis storming the train, which led to hundreds of deaths.

Caucasus Front (Russian Republic)
The Caucasus Front (Russian: Кавказский фронт) was a major formation of the army of the Russian Republic (the successor to the Imperial Russian Army) during the First World War. It was established in April 1917 by reorganization of the Russian Caucasus Army and formally ceased to exist in March 1918.
Finn Lemke
Finn Lemke (born 30 April 1992) is a German former handball player and current handball coach, who played for the German national team, and was part of the German national team that won the 2016 European Championship. He ended his career in 2023 due to injuries.

European Men's Handball Championship
The European Men's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior men's national handball teams of Europe and takes place every two years since 1994, in the even-numbered year between the World Championship. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship. The most successful team is Sweden who have won five titles. Spain and Denmark, however, have won most medals.
Dominicus Lampsonius
Dominicus Lampsonius (Latinised form of Dominique Lampsone) (1532, in Bruges – 1599, in Liège) was a Flemish humanist, poet and painter.  A secretary to various Prince-Bishops of Liège, he maintained an extensive correspondence with humanists and artists at home and abroad.  His writings on Netherlandish artists formed an important contribution to the formation of the so-called Netherlandish canon.

Jan van Amstel
Jan van Amstel, or Jan de Hollander, (c. 1500 – c. 1542) was a Dutch Northern Renaissance painter.

Jan van Amstel was born in Amsterdam.  In or before 1528, van Amstel moved to Antwerp; in that year he joined the city's Guild of Saint Luke. He married Adriane van Doornicke, who would after his death remarry and give birth in 1544 to the future painter Gillis van Coninxloo. He is also probably the older brother of Pieter Aertsen and the brother-in-law of Pieter Coecke van Aelst.  He died in Antwerp.

Van Amstel is possibly identical to The Brunswick Monogrammist, for the signature J. V. AMSL appears on the latter's The Feeding of the Poor or Feeding of the Five Thousand.
Thomas Houldsworth
Thomas Houldsworth (13 September 1771 – 1 September 1852) was a Tory, and then Conservative Party, politician in England.  He was a member of parliament (MP) for 34 years, from 1818 to 1852.

Houldsworth MP for Pontefract from 1818 to 1830, and then for the rotten borough of Newton in Lancashire from 1830 until the borough was disenfranchised at 1832 general election. He was then elected for the Northern division of Nottinghamshire, and held that seat until he stepped down from the House of Commons at the general election in July 1852. He died two months later, aged 80.

Newton (UK Parliament constituency)
Newton was a parliamentary borough in the county of Lancashire, in England.  It was represented by two Members of Parliament in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1559 to 1707 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until its abolition in 1832.

In 1885 a county constituency with the same name was created and represented by one Member of Parliament. This seat was abolished in 1983.
Arab Socialist Action Party
The Arab Socialist Action Party (Arabic: حزب العمل الاشتراكي العربي) was a Pan-Arab political party, formed by the right-wing faction of the Arab Nationalist Movement after the latter's disintegration. The general secretary of the party was Dr. George Habash and the organ of the party was Tariq at-Thawra.

Sections of the party included:

Iraq: Arab Socialist Action Party – Iraq

Jordan: Jordanian Revolutionary People's Party

Lebanon: Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon

Palestine: Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

Saudi Arabia: Arab Socialist Action Party – Arabian Peninsula

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.
Ronan Harris
Ronan Harris (born 14 June 1967) is the founding member of the electronic music project VNV Nation. He is credited with the songwriting, production, lyrical and vocal aspects of the band's music. In the years preceding VNV Nation's debut album, he worked for Q8 Petroleum in central London as an IT manager and was a journalist and webmaster for dark electro magazine Side-Line.

Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a subgenre of post-industrial music that emerged in the early 1980s. It was originally pioneered by acts such as Front 242, Cabaret Voltaire, Front Line Assembly, Klinik, Numb, as well as groups from Canada, United States and the Benelux.

Other influential acts included Canadian band Skinny Puppy, who signed to label Nettwerk, which served as a central hub that helped proliferate the style. By the early 1990s, electro-industrial spawned the dark electro genre, and later the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.
Hoare logic
Hoare logic (also known as Floyd–Hoare logic or Hoare rules) is a formal system with a set of logical rules for reasoning rigorously about the correctness of computer programs. It was proposed in 1969 by the British computer scientist and logician Tony Hoare, and subsequently refined by Hoare and other researchers. The original ideas were seeded by the work of Robert W. Floyd, who had published a similar system for flowcharts.

Flowchart
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.

The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.
John Doerr
L. John Doerr (born June 29, 1951) is an American investor and venture capitalist at Kleiner Perkins in Menlo Park, California. In February 2009, Doerr was appointed a member of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board to provide the President and his administration with advice and counsel in trying to fix America's economic downturn. Forbes ranked Doerr as the 40th richest person in tech in 2017, and as of August 1, 2023, as the 146th richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$11.9 billion. Doerr is the author of Measure What Matters, a book about goal-setting, and Speed & Scale: An Action Plan for Solving Our Climate Crisis Now.

In 2022, John and his wife Ann collaborated with Stanford University to launch its first new school in about 70 years: Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Kavandu
Kavandu is a village in Kambja Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia.

Kavandu is the birthplace of Ignatsi Jaak (ca 1670–1741; (:et)), a schoolteacher and sacristan, the most famous student of scholar Bengt Gottfried Forselius.

Tartu County
Tartu County (Estonian: Tartu maakond or Tartumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

It is located in eastern Estonia, and it borders Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County, and Jõgeva County.

The area of Tartu County is 2,992.74 km2 (1,155.50 sq mi), which covers 6.9% of the territory of Estonia. In 2022 Tartu County had a population of 157,758 – constituting 11.9% of the total population in Estonia. The city of Tartu is the centre of the county located at a distance of 186 km (116 mi) from Tallinn. Tartu County is divided into 8 local governments – 1 urban and 7 rural municipalities.
Beaudry
Beaudry is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Catherine Beaudry, Canadian social scientist

Jean-Louis Beaudry (1809–1886), Canadian entrepreneur and politician from Quebec; thrice mayor of Montreal

Marcel Beaudry (1933–2012), Canadian lawyer, politician and public official from Quebec; mayor of Hull 1991–1992, former chairperson and CEO of the National Capital Commission 1992–2006

Prudent Beaudry (1818–1893), Canadian-American politician; mayor of Los Angeles 1874–76

Roland Beaudry (1906–1964), Canadian politician from Quebec; member of Parliament 1945–48

Roméo Beaudry (1882–1932), French-Canadian author, composer, and pianist

Rouville Beaudry (1904–1997), Canadian politician from Quebec; provincial legislator 1935–38

Catherine Beaudry
Catherine Beaudry is a Canadian social scientist, currently a Full Professor and Canada Research Chair at Polytechnique Montréal. She is an alumnus of the Global Young Academy from 2010 to 2014. She completed a Bachelor of Engineering degree in  electrical engineering with a specialization in satellite technology at Polytechnique Montréal followed by graduate and doctoral studies in economics at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar.
National Park, Tasmania
National Park is a rural locality in the local government areas of Central Highlands and Derwent Valley in the Central and South-east regions of Tasmania. It is located about 38 kilometres (24 mi) north-west of the town of New Norfolk. The 2016 census determined a population of 73 for the state suburb of National Park. National Park is the closest locality to Mount Field National Park.

Derwent Valley Council
Derwent Valley Council is a local government body situated in southern-central Tasmania, west of Hobart. Derwent Valley is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 10,290, it includes the localities of Bushy Park, Maydena and Strathgordon, with New Norfolk the major, principal town.
Lancaster University Boat Club
Lancaster University Boat Club (LUBC) is the rowing club of Lancaster University. The club was founded in 1964 with the inception of the university by Sir Harold Parkinson and is the oldest sports club at the university. The club is based in the old Halton railway station and trains on a 3 km stretch of the River Lune, 3 miles north of Lancaster.

Concept2
Concept2, Inc. is an American manufacturer of rowing equipment and exercise machines based in Morrisville, Vermont. It is best known for its air resistance RowErgs (indoor rowing machines), which are considered the standard training and testing machines for competition rowers and can be found in most gyms.

Competitive events using Concept2 Ergs include HYROX competitions , the CRASH-B Sprints (which style themselves "the world championship for indoor rowing"), the British Rowing Indoor Championships competitions, and historic CrossFit Games events (including the CrossFit Open and qualifiers). Concept2 also manufactures oars for sculling and sweep rowing, as well as three other flywheel-based exercise machines: the SkiErg, the BikeErg for cycling, and the StrengthErg  for strength training.
2024–25 in Ukrainian football
The 2024-25 season was the 34th season of competitive association football in Ukraine since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

With the continuation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Ukrainian Association of Football (UAF) decided to go forward with the continuation of another season. The UAF approved round-robin tournaments in all national league competitions under strict safety precautions.

SC Dnipro-1
SC Dnipro-1 (Ukrainian: СК «Дніпро-1») was a professional Ukrainian football club from Dnipro. While not officially a successor of FC Dnipro, SC Dnipro-1 took over all of the infrastructure of the former club including its academy. Founded in November 2015, SC Dnipro-1 gained promotion from the First League in in 2019 and most recently competed in the Ukrainian Premier League. The club collapsed and withdrew from professional football in July 2024.

Founded in 2015, the club had been officially registered as a limited liability society "Sports Club Dnipro-1" (Ukrainian: Товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю “Спортивний клуб “Дніпро-1”).
2024 Alfred State Pioneers football team
The 2024 Alfred State Pioneers football team represented Alfred State College as a member of the Eastern Collegiate Football Conference (ECFC) during the 2024 NCAA Division III football season. The Pioneers, led by 6th-year head coach Scott Linn, played their home games at Pioneer Stadium in Alfred, New York.

After finishing the season with a 2–1 conference record, Alfred State defeated Anna Maria 39–37 to earn the team its second-consecutive NCAA Division III playoff appearance alongside a third ECFC championship in four years.

2024 NCAA Division III football season
The 2024 NCAA Division III football season was the component of the 2024 college football season organized by the NCAA at the Division III level in the United States. The regular season began on September 1 and ended on November 16. This was the 51st season that the NCAA has sponsored a Division III championship.

Cortland is the defending national champion.

The playoffs were expanded from 32 from last season to 40 teams.

The season's playoffs was played between November 23 and January 5, 2025, culminating in the national championship—also known as the Stagg Bowl. The game was initially set for Turner Stadium in Humble, Texas, but was later moved to Shell Energy Stadium in Houston. The move also makes the 2024 championship game the first since 2004 to be played on a grass field. North Central (IL) was the 2025 Stagg Bowl champions, defeated Mount Union 41–25.
Mbala (constituency)
Mbala is a constituency of the National Assembly of Zambia. It covers the towns of Kawimbe, Lunzua and Mbala in Mbala District of Northern Province. Like the town of Mbala, it was originally known as Abercorn.

Mbala, Zambia
Mbala is Zambia's most northerly large town and seat of Mbala District in Northern Province, occupying a strategic location close to the border with Tanzania and controlling the southern approaches to Lake Tanganyika, 40 km by road to the north-west, where the port of Mpulungu is located. It had a population of about 20,000 in 2006. Under the name Abercorn, Mbala was a key outpost in British colonial control of this part of south-central Africa.
Hunter River (Western Australia)
The Hunter River is a river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise below Donkins Hill. The river flows in a south-westerly direction until it discharges into Prince Frederick Harbour then York Sound and the Indian Ocean.

The river was named in 1820 by the explorer Philip Parker King aboard Mermaid while making charts in the area. The river was named after the surgeon on Mermaid, James Hunter.

The river has two spectacular waterfalls, the Hunter Falls and Donkin Falls, both of which drop 90 metres (295 ft). Moreover, a large and unusual rock formation is found at the mouth of the river.
The area is popular with tourism companies and several wilderness cruises operate there.

HMS Mermaid (1817)
HMS Mermaid was a cutter built in Howrah, India, in 1816. The British Royal Navy purchased her at Port Jackson in 1817. The Navy then used her to survey the Australian coasts. In 1820 she grounded and in 1823 was condemned for survey work. The Navy sold her to the colonial government which used her to run errands until she was wrecked in 1829.
World Chess Solving Championship
The World Chess Solving Championship (WCSC) is an annual competition in the solving of chess problems (also known as chess puzzles) organized by the World Federation for Chess Composition (WFCC), previously by FIDE via the Permanent Commission of the FIDE for Chess Compositions (PCCC).

The participants must solve a series of different types of chess problem in a set amount of time. Points are awarded for correct solutions in the least amount of time. The highest score at the end of the competition is proclaimed the winner.

Ram Soffer
Ram Soffer (Hebrew: רם סופר; born 6 September 1965) is an Israeli chess grandmaster. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 1994. He is also a grandmaster in chess problem solving since 1998.

Soffer played on team Israel which won the 2016 European Senior Team Chess Championships in the 50+ division. He also played for Israel in the 2017 World Senior Team Chess Championship, where his team finished
https://players.chessbase.com/picture/Sof09102
Anija
Anija (German: Hanniecken) is a village in Anija Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It has a population of 128 (as of 1 January 2010).

Anija was first mentioned in 1241 as Hangægus village in the Danish Census Book.

Harju County
Harju County (Estonian: Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla County to the south, and Lääne County to the southwest. The capital and largest city of Estonia, Tallinn, is located in Harju County. Harju is the largest county in Estonia in terms of population, as almost half (45%) of Estonia's population lives in Harju County.
Akazome Emon
Akazome Emon (赤染衛門; late 950s or early 960s – 1041 or later) was a Japanese waka poet and early historian who lived in the mid-Heian period. She is a member both of the Thirty Six Elder Poetic Sages (中古三十六歌仙, Chūko Sanjūrokkasen) and the Thirty-Six Immortal Women Poets.

Fujiwara no Michinaga
Fujiwara no Michinaga (藤原 道長; Japanese pronunciation: [ɸɯ.(d)ʑi.wa.ɾa no (|) mʲi.tɕiꜜ.na.ɡa, -mʲi.tɕi.na.ɡa, -na.ŋa], 966 – 3 January 1028) was a Japanese statesman. The Fujiwara clan's control over Japan and its politics reached its zenith under his leadership.
Manuel Heredia (politician)
Jose Manuel Heredia Jr. (born 1954) is a Belizean politician. He is the Minister of Tourism and from 2008 to 2012 held the Civil Aviation portfolio in Belize. After the 2012 General Election, and the reshuffle of cabinet, he was given the Culture portfolio which made him the Minister of Tourism and Culture until 2020 when he was defeated in his seat by Andre Perez of the People's United Party (PUP).

People's United Party
The People's United Party (Spanish: Partido Unido del Pueblo, PUP) is one of two major political parties in Belize. It is currently the governing party of Belize after success in the 2025 Belizean general election, winning a majority of 26 seats out of 31 in the Belizean House of Representatives. It is a centre-left Christian democratic party. The party leader is Johnny Briceño, who currently serves as the Prime Minister of Belize.
Pennsylvania Renaissance Faire
The Pennsylvania Renaissance Faire is a Renaissance fair occurring over 13 weekends from early-August through late-October on the grounds of the Mount Hope Estate and Winery in Manheim, Pennsylvania. In 1980, the Estate was sold and converted to a winery.

Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Manheim Township is a township in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was established in 1729. The township's southernmost border meets the city limits of Lancaster and includes the communities of Neffsville, Dillerville, and Landis Valley. Its population, as of the 2020 census, was 43,977 making it the second largest municipality in the county after Lancaster City.
Liptornis
Liptornis is an extinct genus of fossil birds of uncertain affinities. The type species is L. hesternus. It was described by Argentine palaeontologist Florentino Ameghino in 1894 from a large cervical vertebra from the Middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation of Patagonia. At the time, it was referred to the Pelecanidae, though this is questionable. In his 1933 palaeornithological review, Lambrecht referred it only to the superfamily Sulides without placing it in a family. A later study has suggested family Anhingidae.

Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene, and followed by the Late Miocene.

The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age.
Carla Pavan
Carla Pavan (born April 5, 1975) is a Canadian skeleton racer who has competed since 2002. Her lone Skeleton World Cup victory was at Igls in December 2005.

Pavan's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was fifth in the women's event at St. Moritz in 2007.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Japanese submarine Ha-107
Ha-107 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ha-101-class submarine. Completed and commissioned in December 1944, she served during the final months of World War II. She surrendered at the end of the war in September 1945 and was scuttled in April 1946.

Ha-101-class submarine
The Ha-101-class submarine (波百一型潜水艦, Ha-hyaku-ichi-gata Sensuikan) was a transport submarine built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. The IJN planned to build 12 boats, but only 10 vessels were completed by the end of the war. The IJN called these submarines Sen'yu-Shō type submarine (潜輸小型潜水艦, Sen-Yu-Ko-gata sensuikan). The type name was shortened to Yusō Sensuikan Ko-gata (輸送潜水艦小型, Transport Submarine-Small Type).

Several boats were converted to tankers or mother ships for Kō-hyōteki model D "Kōryū" (甲標的丁型 蛟龍) midget submarines.