hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andy Kirkpatrick
Andrew Kirkpatrick is a British mountaineer, author, motivational speaker and monologist. He is best known as a big wall climber, having scaled Yosemite's El Capitan over 30 times, including five solo ascents, and two one-day ascents, as well as climbing in Patagonia, Alaska, Antarctica and the Alps.  He has also crossed Greenland by ski. In 2014 he guided Alex Jones up Moonlight Buttress, Zion National Park, raising £1.9 million for Sport Relief.

Solo climbing
Solo climbing (or soloing) is a style of climbing in which the climber ascends a climbing route alone and deliberately without the assistance of a belayer (or "second"), or being part of any rope team.  By its very nature, solo climbing presents a higher degree of risk to the climber as they are entirely reliant on their own skills (e.g. climbing technique, navigation) and their own equipment to complete the climbing route – any serious problems may require a self-rescue.

Solo climbing is most common in mountaineering and more laterly in the more demanding sub-disciplines of alpine climbing and of rope solo climbing. The most dangerous form of solo climbing is that of free solo climbing, which means both climbing alone and also without using any form of climbing protection, as was dramatically portrayed in the climbing films Free Solo (for rock climbing) and The Alpinist (for ice climbing and for alpine climbing).
Gorgon cake
Gorgon euryale seed cake (Chinese: 芡實糕; pinyin: qiànshí gāo) is a kind of Chinese dessert made from the gorgon fruit (Euryale ferox) seeds. It originated from the Xitang town of Jiashan County, Zhejiang. It tastes sweet and chewy.

Euryale ferox
Euryale ferox, commonly known as prickly waterlily, makhānā, or Gorgon plant, is a species of water lily found in southern and eastern Asia, and the only extant member of the genus Euryale. The edible seeds, called fox nuts or gorgon nuts, are dried and eaten predominantly in Asia.

The plant is cultivated for its seeds in lowland ponds in India, China, and Japan. The Indian state of Bihar produces 90% of the world's fox nuts. The Chinese have cultivated the plant for centuries. In India, more than 96,000 hectares of Bihar were set aside for cultivation of Euryale in 1990–1991. In the northern and western parts of India, the seeds are often roasted or fried like popcorn.
Réal Lapierre
Réal Lapierre (born August 5, 1944) is a Canadian politician and former École Pointe-Lévy geography teacher.

Born in Saint-Charles-de-Bellechasse, Quebec, Lapierre started out in politics as city councillor in Beaumont, Quebec in 1971. In 1974 he became mayor where he remained until 1985. After a nine-year hiatus, he was elected mayor again, which he remained until 2004. From 2001 to 2004 he was also a prefect in the Bellechasse MRC. In  the 2004 Canadian federal election, he was elected into the House of Commons of Canada as a Bloc Québécois member in the riding of Lévis—Bellechasse.  He was defeated in the 2006 election.

Bellechasse Regional County Municipality
Bellechasse Regional County Municipality (French pronunciation: [bɛlʃas]) is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec. The county seat is Saint-Lazare-de-Bellechasse.

Saint-Lazare was chosen as the county seat because of its central location. Other municipalities, such as Saint-Anselme, Sainte-Claire, and Saint-Damien had wanted to be the county seat because of their larger population. The region belongs to the Lévis—Bellechasse federal electoral district.
Ruth (Venusian crater)
Ruth is an impact crater on Venus.  The crater, based on data provided by the Magellan spacecraft, has an estimated diameter of 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) and an elevation (measured as local planetary radius in kilometers) of 6,051.365 kilometres (3,760.144 mi).

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Øyangen (Ringerike)
Øyangen is a lake in the municipality of Ringerike in Buskerud county, Norway. The lake is located in  Nordmarka, a large wooded area north of Oslo. Fishing is popular with the lake offering perch, trout and char.

Nordmarka
Nordmarka is the mostly forested region which makes up the northern part of Oslo, Norway. Nordmarka is the largest and most central part of Oslomarka. The area called Nordmarka also extends into the municipalities of Hole, Ringerike, Lunner, Jevnaker and Nittedal. It is the largest part of the Marka borough.

The forests are popular sites for hiking, biking and skiing. Winter sport is mostly possible from December until March, in cold winters also until April or the beginning of May in some areas. Most of the forests are protected, and it is not possible to obtain building permits for cabins in the area. There are, however, many cabins already in Nordmarka with cafes and overnighting accommodation.

There are several lakes in Nordmarka, which are used as a supply for drinking water, largest of these is the Maridalsvannet. Svarttjernshøgda in Jevnaker is the highest point in Nordmarka, at a height of 717 m.
Félix Routhier
Félix Routhier (21 May 1827 – 23 December 1903) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Prescott in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1878 to 1882.

He was born in Saint-Placide, Lower Canada in 1827, the son of farmer Charles Routhier. He married Angelique Lemay dit Delorme in 1849. He served as justice of the peace, major in the local militia and mayor of Saint-Placide. In 1870, he moved to Vankleek Hill, Ontario, where he took over the operation of a foundry. Routhier defeated Albert Hagar to win the Prescott seat in 1878; he was defeated by Simon Labrosse in the elections that followed in 1882 and 1887 and by Isidore Proulx in 1891. The foundry at Vankleek Hill went bankrupt in 1897.

He was the brother of judge Adolphe-Basile Routhier.

Prescott (federal electoral district)
Prescott was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1953. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867, and consisted of the County of Prescott.

The electoral district was abolished in 1952 when it was merged into Glengarry—Prescott riding.
Program executive officer
A program executive officer, or PEO, is one of a few key individuals in the United States military acquisition process. Shown by the examples below, a program executive officer may be responsible for a specific program (e.g., the Joint Strike Fighter), or for an entire portfolio of similar programs (e.g., the Navy PEO for aircraft carriers).

Army: The direct reports of the Army Acquisition Executive are program executive officers for the respective program executive offices (PEOs)

The current program executive officers include (but may not be limited to):

Military acquisition
Military acquisition or defense acquisition is the "bureaucratic management and procurement process", dealing with a nation's investments in the technologies, programs, and product support necessary to achieve its national security strategy and support its armed forces. Its objective is to acquire products that satisfy specified needs and provide measurable improvement to mission capability at a fair and reasonable price.
Nicolas Bazan
Nicolas G. Bazan is a neuroscientist, eye researcher, and author. His research focuses on neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation (inflammation of nervous tissue), and cell survival using cellular, molecular, and disease models including lipidomics. He also operates "Nicholas Bazan Wines" with Mark Wahle.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Daleks in Manhattan
"Daleks in Manhattan" is the fourth episode of the third series of British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast on BBC One on 21 April 2007. It is part one of a two-part story. Its concluding part, "Evolution of the Daleks", was broadcast on 28 April.

The episode is set in New York City in 1930. In the episode, an order of Daleks called the Cult of Skaro use half-human, half-pig slaves to kidnap homeless humans for use in their experiments.

According to the BARB figures this episode was seen by 6.69 million viewers and was the eighteenth most popular broadcast on British television in that week.

Barb Audiences
Barb Audiences Ltd (formerly Broadcasters Audience Research Board) is a British organisation that compiles audience measurement and television ratings in the United Kingdom. It was created in 1981 to replace two previous systems whereby ITV ratings were compiled by JICTAR (Joint Industry Committee for Television Audience Research), whilst the BBC did its own audience research.

BARB is jointly owned by the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, Sky and the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising. It is a Joint Industry Currency.

In February 2023, Barb changed its company name to Barb Audiences Ltd (formerly Broadcasters' Audience Research Board).
Richard F. America Jr.
Richard F. America Jr is an American economist who is emeritus Professor of the Practice in the McDonough School of Business of Georgetown University. He was among the founders of the National Economic Association, and served as the Association's president in 1985. He was previously the associate director of Urban Programs at the University of California's Haas School of Business, a lecturer at Stanford Business School, and a Senior Program Manager in the U.S. Small Business Administration.

America was among the first economists to advocate for reparations to Black Americans.

National Economic Association
The National Economic Association (NEA) is a learned society established in 1969, focused on initiatives in the field of economics.

The purposes of the Association are "to promote the professional lives of minorities within the profession. In addition to continuing its founding mission, the organization is particularly interested in producing and distributing knowledge of economic issues that are of exceptional interest to promoting economic growth among native and immigrant African Americans, Latinos, and other people of color." Membership in the Association is available to professionals and graduate students in Economics and related disciplines. The NEA publishes the Review of Black Political Economy and regularly collaborates with the Allied Social Science Associations, American Economic Association, and American Society of Hispanic Economics.
Lakki hills
26°06′00″N 67°52′0″E﻿ / ﻿26.10000°N 67.86667°E﻿ / 26.10000; 67.86667

The Lakki hills, or Laki hills is a range in the Sindh, in Pakistan, to the south of the Manchar Lake. The range is about 50 miles (80 km) long, connected with the Kirthar Mountains and running east towards Sehwan where they terminate on the west bank of the Indus. The highest hills are between 1,500 and 2,000 feet (460 and 610 m). The hills are of recent volcanic origin as shown by frequent hot springs and sulfuric exhalations. It has been totally neglected and only ruins remain today, all because of Islamic conquest.

Lake Manchar
Lake Manchar (Sindhi: منڇر ڍنڍ, Urdu: منچھر جھیل), also spelled Manchhar, is the largest natural freshwater lake in Pakistan, and one of the largest in South Asia. It is located west of the Indus River, in Jamshoro and Dadu districts of Sindh, 18 kilometres (11 mi) away from Sehwan. Lake Manchar collects water from numerous small streams in the Kirthar Mountains, and then empties into the Indus River. The lake's surface area fluctuates with the seasons, from as little as 36 km2, to as much as 500 km2 during monsoon rains.
Hogin
Hogin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Latimer Hogin (1801–1876), American politician from Iowa, father of John Chrisfield

John Chrisfield Hogin (1823–1886), American politician from Iowa, son of James Latimer

Laurie Hogin (born 1963), American artist

Sam Hogin (1950–2004), American country songwriter

James Latimer Hogin
James Latimer Hogin (7 March 1801 – 7 December 1876) was an American politician.

Hogin was born in Kent County, Delaware, on 7 March 1801 and was trained as a shoemaker.

He moved to Brookville, Indiana, in March 1819, and married Wellsburg, Virginia native Eliza J. Crouch on 3 September 1822. The couple's children included a son, John Chrisfield Hogin. Father and son moved to Indianapolis in 1832 to start a business. From 1845, they were residents of Danville, Iowa. Later, the family settled in Sigourney, Iowa.

Hogin was elected to the Iowa Senate as a Whig in 1854. He represented District 13 until 1856, when he was redistricted to District 15 and joined the Republican Party. Hogin stepped down from the state senate in January 1858.

Hogin was an active Freemason and held several positions within the Grand Lodge of Iowa. He was elected Grand Master in 1854.

Hogin died on 7 December 1876.
Esther de Boer-van Rijk
Esther de Boer-van Rijk (born Ester van Rijk; 29 July 1853 – 7 September 1937) was a Dutch stage actress. She became one of the most celebrated actresses in the Netherlands, known for her realistic portrayals of women in the plays of Herman Heijermans, particularly the role of Kniertje in the play Op hoop van zegen.

Herman Heijermans
Herman Heijermans (3 December 1864 – 22 November 1924), was a Dutch playwright, novelist and sketch story writer, who is considered to be the greatest Dutch dramatist of the modern era. He is the most notable playwright from the Netherlands since Joost van den Vondel to have gained widespread recognition outside his own country.
Meninas Cantoras de Petrópolis
Meninas Cantoras de Petrópolis was a Brazilian musical group composed exclusively of girls, founded on 15 August 1976, in the city of Petrópolis, by maestro Marco Aurélio Xavier. They performed with many Brazilian musical artists, including Roberto Carlos, Gilberto Gil, Ivan Lins, Simone, Chitãozinho & Xororó, Sandy & Junior, Fafá de Belém, Fábio Júnior, Xuxa, Angélica Ksyvickis, Wanderléa, The Fevers, Luiz Ayrão, Wanderley Cardoso, Elizete Cardoso, Hebe Camargo, Selma Reis and Agnaldo Rayol.

In 1993, Producer George Martin collaborated with the group to perform songs of The Beatles at a concert in Rio de Janeiro. Before a crowd of more than 100,000 people, the concert took place at the Quinta da Boa Vista.

The choir was dissolved on 2 March 2016.

Quinta da Boa Vista
The Quinta da Boa Vista (English: "Estate of the Good View") is a public park of great historical importance located in the São Cristóvão neighbourhood, in the North zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The park was part of the gardens of the São Cristóvão Palace, the residence of the King of Portugal and then the Emperors of Brazil in the 19th century and the home of the Zoological Garden of Rio de Janeiro, with over 2000 species of animals. The building of the old palace hosted the National Museum, with collections on natural history, ethnology and archaeology.
Style Savvy: Fashion Forward
Style Savvy: Fashion Forward, known as Girls Mode 3: Kirakira Coord in Japan and as Nintendo Presents: New Style Boutique 2 − Fashion Forward in the PAL region, is a fashion-themed simulation video game developed by Syn Sophia and published by Nintendo in Japan, Europe and Australia in 2015, and in North America in 2016. It is the third installment in the Style Savvy series, following Style Savvy (2008) and Style Savvy: Trendsetters (2012), and it is followed by Style Savvy: Styling Star (2017). It was well received by critics.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
2023 Engie Open Andrézieux-Bouthéon 42 – Doubles
Estelle Cascino and Jessika Ponchet were the defending champions, but Cascino chose not to participate. Ponchet partnered with Renata Voráčová, but lost to Conny Perrin and Iryna Shymanovich in the semifinals.

Sofya Lansere and Oksana Selekhmeteva won the title, defeating Perrin and Shymanovich in the final, 6–3, 6–0.

Iryna Shymanovich
Iryna Uladzimiraŭna Shymanovich (Belarusian: Ірына Ўладзіміраўна Шымановіч; Russian: Ирина Владимировна Шиманович, romanized: Irina Vladimirovna Shimanovich; born 30 June 1997) is a Belarusian tennis player. On 11 September 2023, she peaked at No. 66 in the WTA doubles rankings. On 12 June 2023, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 154.

Shymanovich has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and seven doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. She has also won 14 singles and 17 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration
A Fireworks Celebration at Mount Rushmore held on July 3, 2020, was the only official use of fireworks at Mount Rushmore since 2009. President Donald Trump spoke at the event, which was also attended by South Dakota Governor Kristi Noem, host of Entertainment Tonight Mary Hart, First Lady Melania Trump and Trump's eldest son Donald Trump Jr.

The event was controversial for being held amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The event was also protested by Indigenous people who see Mount Rushmore as a symbol of settler colonialism and dispute ownership of the site as part of the Black Hills land claim. The protests helped establish the Land Back campaign in the US.

Entertainment Tonight
Entertainment Tonight (or simply ET) is an American first-run syndicated news broadcasting newsmagazine program that is distributed by CBS Media Ventures throughout the United States and owned by Paramount Streaming. Having premiered on September 14, 1981, it holds the Guinness World Record as the longest-running entertainment news program on television.

International versions of the show are distributed by Paramount Global Content Distribution.
St John Pike
Christianity portal

St John Surridge Pike (27 December 1909 – 13 November 1992) was an Anglican bishop in the third quarter of the twentieth century.

Educated at Trinity College, Dublin and  ordained in 1934, he began his career with a curacy at Taney. After this he was Head of the Southern Church Mission, Ballymacarrett then  Rector of St George’s, Belfast. In 1958 he was elevated to the episcopate as Bishop of Gambia and the Rio Pongas. On his return from Africa he became an Assistant Bishop of Guildford and held incumbencies at Ewshot (until 1971) and at Botleys with Lyne and Long Cross (from 1971) until his retirement (as Vicar and as Assistant Bishop) on 26 November 1983.

Lyne, Surrey
Lyne is a village in the Borough of Runnymede in Surrey, England, approximately 32 km (20 mi) southwest of central London. In the early 13th century, the area was known as la Linde meaning the lime tree.

The nearest town is Chertsey, approximately 1.6 miles (2.6 km) to the east.  The M25 motorway is accessible via junction 11 and runs immediately to the east of the village.
Shankhari Bazaar
Shankhari Bazaar is one of the oldest areas in Bangladesh's Old Dhaka, broadly known as Shankhari Potti. It stretches along a narrow lane, lined with richly decorated brick buildings, built during the late Mughal or Colonial period.

Shankha
A Shankha (Sanskrit: शङ्ख, romanized: śaṅkha, lit. 'conch') has religious ritual importance in Hinduism.

In Hinduism, the shankha called panchajanya is a sacred emblem of the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu. It is still used as a trumpet in Hindu ritual, and in the past was used as a war trumpet. According to Arunava Bose, "The shankha is praised in Hindu scriptures as a giver of fame, longevity and prosperity, the cleanser of sin and the abode of goddess Lakshmi, who is the goddess of prosperity and consort of Vishnu".

The shankha is displayed in Hindu art in association with Vishnu. As a symbol of water, it is associated with female fertility and serpents (nāgas).

The shankha is one of the eight auspicious symbols of Buddhism, the Ashtamangala, and represents the pervasive sound of Buddhism.
Dalga Luka
Dalga Luka is a village in Tran Municipality in western Bulgaria. It is a small village with a permanent population of about 10 people. It is situated in a narrow valley approximately 30 km (19 mi) from the town of Tran. Dalga Luka is situated at about 850 meters above sea level.

The geographical coordinates of Dalga Luka are approximately 42.6417° to North and 22.5575° to East.

The village of Dalga Luka has an Orthodox Church known as "St. Petka" where annual gathering is organized during festivals.

Tran, Bulgaria
Tran (Bulgarian: Трън, lit. 'thorn', pronounced [trɤn]) is a small town in Tran Municipality, Pernik Province, western Bulgaria. It is 27 km (17 mi) from Breznik and 15 km (9.3 mi) from the border with Serbia.
Refresh, Refresh
"Refresh, Refresh" is a short story written by American author Benjamin Percy.  The story concerns the effects of the war in Iraq on two boys in a small town in Oregon where a Marine reserve battalion is based.  Many of the men in the town, including their fathers, are fighting in Iraq during the story.

Refresh, Refresh was originally published in The Paris Review.  The story won the Pushcart Prize for 2006 and was included in the anthology of short stories, Best American Short Stories 2006 (2006 editor Ann Patchett).

A collection of the same name, featuring the title story along with others, was published in 2007 by Graywolf Press.

The story was also the inspiration behind Danica Novgorodoff's graphic novel (adapted from the screenplay by James Ponsoldt).

The Best American Short Stories
The Best American Short Stories (BASS) is a yearly anthology that is part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Since 1915, Best American Short Stories has anthologized more than 2,000 short stories, including works by some of the most famous writers in contemporary American literature. Along with the O. Henry Awards, Best American Short Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."