hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grey baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for members of the Grey family, one in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Two of the creations are extant as of 2026.

Grey baronets of Chillingham in the County of Northumberland (1619): see Baron Grey of Werke

Grey baronets of Howick in the County of Northumberland (1746): see Earl Grey

Grey baronets of Fallodon (1814)

Baron Grey of Werke
Baron Grey of Werke (or Warke), of Chillingham in the County of Northumberland, was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created on 11 February 1624 for Sir William Grey, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a baronet, of Chillingham in the County of Northumberland, in the Baronetage of England on 15 June 1619. The third Baron was created Viscount Glendale and Earl of Tankerville in the Peerage of England in 1695. He left two daughters but no sons and on his death in 1701 the viscountcy and earldom became extinct. He was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother, the fourth Baron. The latter had previously represented Berwick in Parliament. The barony became extinct on his death in 1706.

Lady Mary Grey, eldest daughter of the first Earl of Tankerville, married Charles Bennet, 2nd Baron Ossulston. In 1716 the earldom of Tankerville was revived in the latter's favour (see Earl of Tankerville).
Deh-e Mohammad Rafi
Deh-e Mohammad Rafi (Persian: ده محمدرفيع, also Romanized as Deh-e Moḩammad Rafī‘) is a village in Jolgeh Rural District, in the Central District of Behabad County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 31 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Tulkarm Governorate
32°19′11.5″N 35°5′38.5″E﻿ / ﻿32.319861°N 35.094028°E﻿ / 32.319861; 35.094028

The Tulkarm Governorate (Arabic: محافظة طولكرم, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ṭūlkarm) is an administrative district and one of the 16 Governorates of Palestine, located in the north-western West Bank. The governorate's land area is 268 square kilometres. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 172,800 inhabitants. The muhafaza or district capital is the city of Tulkarm.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Schlechtendalia luzulifolia
Schlechtendalia is a genus of South American plants in the tribe Barnadesieae within the family Asteraceae. It is known in Portuguese as bolão de ouro, meaning "gold bullion". It is a perennial herbaceous plant, with rigid, linear leaves with a pointy tip. The corollas of the florets are yellow, and of the subbilobiate type, with four lobes merged into a strap, but split into teeth over half as deep, and one lobe (towards the centre of the flowerhead) free. This species flowers from September to December and the fruits are ripe in January or February. The only known species is Schlechtendalia luzulifolia, native to southern Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rocha), northern Argentina (Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos). This species has sixteen chromosomes (2n=16).

Montevideo Department
Montevideo (Spanish pronunciation: [monteβiˈðeo]) is a department (departamento) of Uruguay. 
It is by far the smallest department in area, but also by far the most populated. Its capital is the city of Montevideo, which is also the national capital.  While most of the department is covered by the capital city, there are still smaller towns within its limits.
Wordplay (website)
Wordplay  is a film website. It was founded on May 31, 1997, created by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, along with Wordplay's webmaster Ann Garretson. It was one of the first websites run by professional film writers with the goal of sharing the techniques of their craft with beginner screenwriters.

Ted Elliott (screenwriter)
Ted Elliott (born July 4, 1961) is an American screenwriter and film producer. Along with his writing partner Terry Rossio, Elliott has co-written the films Aladdin (1992), The Mask of Zorro (1998), Shrek (2001), and the first four Pirates of the Caribbean films (2003–11).

He was attached to write a feature version of Monkey Island, which failed to materialize. In 2004, he was elected to the board of directors of the Writers Guild of America; his term on the board ended in 2006. In 2005, Elliott ran for president of the Writers Guild of America West, but lost to animation writer and historical figurine maker Patric Verrone. Verrone received 1301 votes; Elliott received 591.
Mennonites in the Netherlands
The Mennonite Church in the Netherlands, or Algemene Doopsgezinde Sociëteit, is a body of Mennonite Christians in the Netherlands.
The Mennonites (or Mennisten or Doopsgezinden) are named for Menno Simons (1496–1561), a Dutch Roman Catholic priest from the province of Friesland who converted to Anabaptism around 1536. He was re-baptized as an adult in 1537 and became part (and soon leader) of the Dutch Anabaptist movement.

In 1811, different regional churches merged to form the Algemene Doopsgezinde Sociëteit (doopsgezind, "baptist-minded"). The Mennonite Church in the Netherlands is a member of the Mennonite World Conference and in 2015 reported 7,230 members in 111 congregations.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.
O. W. Fischer
Otto Wilhelm Fischer (German: O. W. Fischer, pronounced [oː veː ˈfɪʃɐ] ⓘ; 1 April 1915 – 29 January 2004) was an Austrian film and theatre actor, a leading man of West German cinema during the Wirtschaftswunder era of the 1950s and 1960s.

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.
Caesaropolis
Caesaropolis (Greek: Καισαρόπολις, Καισαρούπολις) was a Byzantine city on the coast of eastern Macedonia. It was founded in 836 by the Caesar Alexios Mosele to consolidate Byzantine control over the Slavic tribes of the area.

It is mentioned as an episcopal see in Heinrich Gelzer's Nova Tactica (1717) and in Parthey's Notitiae episcopatuum, III (c. 1170–1179) and X (12th or 13th century), as a suffragan of Philippi in Macedonia. Le Quien (II, 65) speaks of the see, but mentions no bishop. Manuscript notes give the names of two titulars: Meletius, who was alive in April 1329, and Gabriel, in November 1378.

In 1951 Bishop Fulton J. Sheen was named Titular Bishop of Caesaropolis by Pope Pius XII.

No longer a residential bishopric, Caesaropolis is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Eliza Fanny Staveley
Eliza Fanny Staveley (1831–1903), published as E.F. Staveley, was a British entomologist, arachnologist, and author. Her work British Insects (1871) was favourably reviewed by Alfred Russel Wallace in Nature.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Manipur Legislative Assembly were held in February 2000, to elect members of the 60 constituencies in Manipur, India. The Manipur State Congress Party won the most seats as well as the popular vote, and Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh was re-appointed as the Chief Minister of Manipur.

After the passing of The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976, the constituencies were set to the ones used in this election.

Manipur State Congress Party
Manipur State Congress Party (MSCP) is a former political party in the Indian state of Manipur. The party was founded in 1997 by Wahengbam Nipamacha as a split from the Indian National Congress (INC). In 2014 the MCSP remerged with the INC.
Alazeya Plateau
The Alazeya Plateau (Russian: Алазейское плоскогорье) is a mountain plateau in the Sakha Republic, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. The area is named after river Alazeya, which has its source in the plateau.

There are kigilyakhs in the Alazeya Plateau. The particularity of the kigilyakhs found in this location is that their lower part (corresponding to the legs) is thinner than the upper part.

Kigilyakh
Kigilyakh or kisiliyakh (Russian: кигиляхиcode: rus promoted to code: ru ; Yakut: киһилээх, romanized: kihilēx, lit. 'stone person', plural киһилээхлэрэ kihilēxlere) are pillar-like natural rock formations looking like tall monoliths standing more or less isolated. Usually they are composed of granite or sandstone shaped as a result of cryogenic weathering. Most kigilyakhs formed during the Early Cretaceous and are about 120 million years old.
Fortec Motorsport
Fortec Motorsport Ltd. is a motor-racing team that races in the GB3 Championship, GB4 Championship, and F4 British Championship. The team was bought in 1995 by current owner Richard Dutton.

Past drivers for the team include Juan Pablo Montoya, Gianmaria Bruni, Danny Watts, Jamie Green, James Rossiter, Mike Conway, Fabio Carbone and Heikki Kovalainen.

F4 British Championship
The F4 British Championship, officially known as the Wera Tools F4 British Championship certified by FIA for sponsorship reasons and formerly known as MSA Formula in 2015, is a single-seater motorsport series based in the United Kingdom. The series is run to FIA Formula 4 regulations and is administered by Motorsport UK. The championship is designed as a low-cost entrance to car racing, and is aimed at young racing drivers moving up from karting.

The championship replaces the British Formula Ford Championship, and used a chassis produced by Mygale and engines from Ford for seven seasons from 2015 to 2021. With Motorsport UK taking over the organization of the championship from 2022 to 2024, as Ford concluded their involvement, the championship switched to a Tatuus chassis and Abarth engines.

The series is part of the TOCA tour, a series of events run alongside the British Touring Car Championship.
Edward E. Jones
For the Louisiana civil rights pioneer, see E. Edward Jones.

Edward Ellsworth "Ned" Jones (August 11, 1926 – July 30, 1993) was an influential American social psychologist, he is known as father of Ingratiation due to his major works in the area. He worked at Duke University and from 1977 at Princeton University. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Jones as the 39th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Along with Keith E. Davis, he is known for developing correspondent inference theory within the field of psychological attribution.

Review of General Psychology
Review of General Psychology is the quarterly scientific journal of the American Psychological Association Division 1: The Society for general psychology. The journal publishes cross-disciplinary psychological articles that are conceptual, theoretical, and methodological in nature. Other aspects include the evaluation and integration of research literature and the providing of historical analysis. The journal was established in 1997. The editor-in-chief is Wade E. Pickren (Independent Scholar, USA) and Thomas Teo (York University, Canada).
Nexon Arena
The Nexon Arena (Korean: 넥슨 아레나) was a dedicated eSports stadium in Seoul, South Korea that hosted events for StarCraft II, League of Legends, and other games. It was founded in December 2013. It was owned by Nexon, a South Korean game development company. SPOTV was the main broadcaster at the stadium. The stadium was closed on July 31, 2020.

Nexon
Nexon Co., Ltd. (formerly Korean: 주식회사 넥슨) is a South Korean-Japanese video game developer and publisher specializing in live service games. It develops and publishes titles including MapleStory, Crazyracing Kartrider, Sudden Attack, Dungeon & Fighter, The First Descendant, and Blue Archive. Headquartered in Japan, the company has offices in South Korea, the United States, Taiwan, and Thailand.

Nexon was founded in Seoul, South Korea, in 1994 by Kim Jung-ju. In 2005, the company moved its headquarters to Tokyo, Japan. However, its largest shareholder is an investment and holding company NXC, headquartered in Jeju Province, South Korea.
1999–2000 FIS Ski Flying World Cup
The 1999/00 FIS Ski Flying World Cup was the 10th official World Cup season in ski flying awarded with small crystal globe as the subdiscipline of FIS Ski Jumping World Cup. First ski flying team event in history was held this season in Planica.

Planica
Planica (Slovene pronunciation: [plaˈnìːtsa]) is an Alpine valley in northwestern Slovenia, extending south from the border village of Rateče, not far from another well-known ski resort, Kranjska Gora. Further south, the valley extends into the Tamar Valley, a popular hiking destination in Triglav National Park.

Planica is famous for ski jumping. The first ski jumping hill was constructed before 1930 at the slope of Mount Ponca. In 1933, Ivan Rožman constructed a larger hill, known as the Bloudek Giant (Bloudkova velikanka) after Stanko Bloudek, which later gave rise to ski flying. The venue was completed in 1934. The first ski jump over 100 metres (330 ft) in history was achieved at the hill in 1936 by Sepp Bradl. At the time, it was the biggest jumping hill in the world.

In 1969, a new K185 hill, the Gorišek Brothers Flying Hill (Letalnica bratov Gorišek) was built by Vlado and Janez Gorišek. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2023 were held in Planica.
Dolors Martí Domènech
Dolors Martí Domènech (1901–1970) was the only woman to have a public career and to hold a position of political responsibility with the Catalan Republican government in Tarragona, Spain in the 1930s. She died in exile in France in 1970.

Vila-seca
Vila-seca (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈbilə ˈsɛkə]; literally 'Dry-town') is a municipality of the comarca of Tarragonès, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 23,917 (register office, 2025) .

The historical name was Vila-seca de Solcina and since the 80's known as Vila-seca i Salou until Salou was segregated from Vila-seca on 1989, however the municipality includes the urban areas of La Plana and La Pineda. Vila-seca has a large petrochemical complex shared with Tarragona and La Canonja, including Repsol complex in El Morell makes one of the greatest petrochemical areas of Europe like Ludwigshafen am Rhein.
Abduramanov
Abduramanov (Russian: Абдураманов and Abduramanova (feminine: Абдураманова) is a surname of Turkic origin.

People with this surname include:

Dine Abduramanov, (c.1872–1902) Bulgarian revolutionary

Seitnebi Abduramanov, (1914–1987) Crimean Tatar full bearer of the Order of Glory

Uzeir Abduramanov, (1916–1992), Crimean Tatar Hero of the Soviet Union

Uzeir Abduramanov
Uzeir Abduramanovich Abduramanov (Crimean Tatar: Üzeir Abduraman oğlu Abduramanov, Russian: Узеир Абдураманович Абдураманов; 25 March 1916 – 19 January 1991) was a sapper in the Red Army during World War Two. After securing the safe transfer of troops across the Sozh river under heavy enemy fire and through icy water he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his bravery but was exiled soon after for being a Crimean-Tatar.
Kate Simmons
Emma Kate Simmons Flint (March 3, 1850 - March 8, 1926) was an American composer and philanthropist who is best known for her piano piece Racquet Galop, which sold over 100,000 copies. She published her music under the name Kate Simmons or E. Kate Simmons.

Simmons was born in Troy, New York, to Mary Sophia Gleason and Joseph Ferris Simmons, a banker. She married the successful businessman Charles Ranlett Flint in 1883 and they lived in Manhattan.

Little is known about Simmons’ education. She donated the money she made from her musical compositions to charity, endowing a bed at St. Luke’s Hospital with the proceeds from Racquet Galop.

Simmons’ music was published in America and internationally by Augener & Co., Carl Fischer Music, Charles Sheard & Co., Edwin Ashdown Ltd., Hachette & Co., and Oliver Ditson & Co. Racquet Galop was arranged for various instruments by Winslow Lewis Hayden and L. Winner, among others. Her compositions included:

Augener & Co.
Augener & Co. was a music-publishing business in London, established by George Augener (1830–1915), originally "Georg", a German national born in Fechenheim near Frankfurt am Main, who had previously been an apprentice with André's publishing house in Offenbach.
1230 Riceia
1230 Riceia, provisional designation 1931 TX1, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The asteroid was named after Hugh Rice, amateur astronomer of New York and director of the Museum of Natural Sciences.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Mir-160 microRNA precursor family
In molecular biology, mir-160 is a microRNA that has been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a range of plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) and Oryza sativa (rice). miR-160 is predicted to bind complementary sites in the untranslated regions of auxin response factor genes to regulate their expression. The hairpin precursors (represented here) are predicted based on base pairing and cross-species conservation; their extents are not known.  In this case, the mature sequence is excised from the 5' arm of the hairpin.

Specifically, 3 of A. thaliana's 23 auxin-response factor genes are thought to be  post-transcriptionally regulated by mir-160. When one of these targets (ARF17) is manipulated to become miRNA-resistant, several developmental defects can be observed in the host plant. This experiment has been repeated with another mir-160 target, ARF10, and results highlighted a regulatory role in post-embryonic development and seed germination.

Stem-loop
Stem-loops are nucleic acid secondary structural elements which form via intramolecular base pairing in single-stranded DNA or RNA. They are also referred to as hairpins or hairpin loops. A stem-loop occurs when two regions of the same nucleic acid strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence, base-pair to form a double helix that ends in a loop of unpaired nucleotides.

Stem-loops are most commonly found in RNA, and are a key building block of many RNA secondary structures. Stem-loops can direct RNA folding, protect structural stability for messenger RNA (mRNA), provide recognition sites for RNA binding proteins, and serve as a substrate for enzymatic reactions.
George Parker Tuxford
George Parker Tuxford (ca.1810 – 24 October 1870) of Barnes, London, was a British magazine publisher.

Born in Boston, Lincolnshire, the eldest son of John Tuxford, George was a co-proprietor with John Rogerson (c. 1884 – 11 May 1851) of the English agricultural newspaper Mark Lane Express, cofounded by Cuthbert William Johnson (1799–1878), brother of George W. Johnson, and  William Shaw and edited by Shaw, and the Farmers' Magazine with offices at 246 The Strand.

A frequent contributor to these magazines was Henry Hall Dixon (1822–1870), an entertaining writer on country matters. Tuxford and Rogerson also published the New Sporting Magazine.

He was also a founder and for many years a director of Farmers' Insurance Office, an early member of the Farmers Club, and a Life Governor of the Royal Agricultural Society of England.

Farmers Club
The Farmers Club is a private members' club that was founded in 1842. It is located at 3 Whitehall Court in the Whitehall district of London, England. Members are required to have an association with farming, agriculture or food.