hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kadraka Appala Swamy
Kadraka Appala Swamy is an Indian politician from the southern Odisha town of Rayagada. He was elected to the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Rayagada as a member of the Indian National Congress.

His father's name is Kadraka Dharma and he is married to Bimala Huika who is an Anganwadi worker by profession.

He has been very vocal in the Odisha State Legislative Assembly about large-scale discrepanies in allocation of lands to the landless and remittance of payouts to farmers during the governmental paddy procurement. Also he has raised the matter of farmer suicides plaguing his constituency in the local media and also in the Assembly.

2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the eastern coastal state of Odisha from 13 May to 1 June 2024 to elect the 147 members of the Odisha Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and results were declared on 4 June 2024 forming the 17th Assembly.

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a simple majority with 78 seats and created history by ending the 24 year rule of the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) and its leader Naveen Patnaik. Later the 3 independent MLAs joined to the BJP, increasing it to 81. The BJP state president Manmohan Samal, under whose leadership the election was fought, lost his election from Chandabali Seat. On 12th June 2024, Mohan Charan Majhi, the MLA from Keonjhar took oath as the 15th Chief Minister of the state, along with Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo and Pravati Parida as deputy chief ministers.
Eddie Marzuki Nalapraya
Eddie Marzuki Nalapraya (6 June 1931 – 13 May 2025) was an Indonesian bureaucrat, military officer and a pivotal figure in the development and internationalization of pencak silat, Indonesia’s traditional martial art. His leadership from the late 1970s through the early 2000s transformed pencak silat from a local cultural practice into a globally recognized sport and cultural heritage.

Supreme Advisory Council
The Supreme Advisory Council (Indonesian: Dewan Pertimbangan Agung, DPA), was an advisory council for the President of Indonesia which existed from 1945 to 1950, and then again from 1959 to 2003. Largely composed of senior and retired government figures, the DPA was generally regarded as powerless. Its functions were limited to offering proposals to the government on matters of national importance as well as opinions on matters raised by the president. The DPA was succeeded by the Presidential Advisory Council in 2007.
Pu Zoduha
Pu Zoduha (20 January 1940 – 20 June 2013) was an Indian politician. He was a nominated member of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly from 1984 to 1987. He is 2nd MLA ever to represent the Bru/Reang Community in Mizoram

Mizoram Legislative Assembly
The Mizoram Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Mizoram in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Aizawl, the capital of the state. The Legislative Assembly is composed of 40 members, who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The current legislature was elected in 2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, and its term will last until 2028.
Grinton Lodge
Grinton Lodge is a 19th-century former shooting lodge that has been a youth hostel since 1948.  A Grade II listed building, it is situated above the village of Grinton, in Swaledale, North Yorkshire, England.

Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the term hunting generally refers to hunting with hounds, e.g. normally fox hunting, stag (deer) hunting, beagling, or minkhunting, whereas shooting is the shooting of game birds. What is called deer hunting elsewhere is deer stalking. According to the British Association for Shooting and Conservation (BASC) over a million people a year participate in shooting, including stalking, shooting, hunting, clay shooting and target shooting. Firearm ownership is regulated by licensing. Hunting lodges have long facilitated hunting and shooting activities in the United Kingdom, and continue to form a key part of the rural economy.
John Pareanga (footballer)
John Pareanga (born 2 October 1980) in Cook Islands is a footballer who plays as a defender who played for Matavera in the Cook Islands Round Cup and the Cook Islands national football team.

Now, he is an assistant referee at Cook Islands Football Association. He officiated matches at 2016 OFC Nations Cup.

Cook Islands Round Cup
The Cook Islands Round Cup, also known as the Rarotonga Round Cup and the Mustonen Construction Premiership, is the top division of the Cook Islands Football Association in Cook Islands. The winner qualifies for the OFC Champions League.
Ustig
Ustig is a 6th-century Pre-Congregational Saint of Wales.

He was a child of King Caw of Strathclyde, and according to Frederick Holweck, the brother of Aldate, bishop of Gloucester.
He appears as "Iustic" in the tale Culhwch and Olwen.

Baring-Gould mentions another Ustig, descended from Cadell Ddyrnllwg, who was a confessor, along with Dyfrig and Eldad, at Cor Garmon at Llancarfan.

Saint Aldate
Saint Aldate (/ˈɔːldeɪt/; Old Welsh, Eldad; died 577) was a bishop of Gloucester, venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church with the feast day of 4 February, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. Aldate's life is not detailed historically, but he was probably a Briton killed by the Anglo-Saxons at Deorham.

He is reported to have roused the countryside to resist pagan invasion forces, but nothing seems to be known of him: it was even suggested that his name was a corruption of "old gate".
Sannine Formation
The Sannine Formation, also called the Sannine Limestone, is a Cretaceous geologic formation in Lebanon. It is a Konservat-Lagerstätte that contains a high diversity of well-preserved fish, reptiles, and invertebrates from the Tethys Ocean within its three main localities: Haqel (alternatively Hakel or Haqil), Hjoula (alternatively Hadjoula, Hajoula, or Hgula), and Nammoura (alternatively Namoura).

It is one of three major Cretaceous lagerstätte in Lebanon, alongside the older (Barremian-aged) Lebanese amber and the younger (Santonian-aged) Sahel Aalma site. The Sannine Formation localities, combined with Sahel Alma, are together referred to as the "Fish Beds" of Lebanon.

Santonian
The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 85.7 ± 0.2 mya (million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.2 mya. The Santonian is preceded by the Coniacian and is followed by the Campanian.
Defence costs
Defence costs are the cost that are incurred in the defence of a criminal trial in England and Wales. Should a defendant be acquitted they will almost always be awarded their defence costs.

Defence costs will arise when a defendant is privately represented in a criminal matter. To be privately represented means that the defence will not be covered by legal aid. This tends to be because the defendant in question is wealthy.

Defence costs will be assessed by a taxation master at the conclusion of most successful criminal trials. Defendants will only be entitled to the proportion of their costs that are found to be reasonable.

Trial
In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes. One form of tribunal is a court. The tribunal, which may occur before a judge, jury, or other designated trier of fact, aims to achieve a resolution to their dispute.
Sam Coghlan Murray
Sam Coghlan Murray (born 31 January 1992) is an Irish rugby union player for Nottingham. His preferred position is on the wing. He made his senior debut for Leinster in February 2014 against Zebre. It was announced in May 2014 that he would be promoted from the academy to the Leinster senior squad for the season commencing 2014-15.

Nottingham R.F.C.
Nottingham Rugby Club is a rugby union club based in Nottingham, England. The club's first team currently plays in the Champ Rugby, the second tier of the English rugby union system.

The first XV are nicknamed The Archers, in reference to the famous Robin Hood. Now situated in the Lady Bay area of Nottingham, the club was formerly based at Meadow Lane, the home ground of Notts County F.C. They previously played at Ireland Avenue in Beeston until the end of the 2005–06 season.
Young God (EP)
Young God is the second EP by the American experimental rock band Swans. Released in 1984, it was issued through the record label K.422. Although also referred to as "Raping a Slave" and "I Crawled", the band officially recognizes it as Young God. Similar to Cop, the cover art features a notice stating that the record is "designed to be played at maximum volume."

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Caribbean reef squid
The Caribbean reef squid (Sepioteuthis sepioidea), commonly called the reef squid, is a species of small, torpedo-shaped squid with undulating fins that extend nearly the entire length of the body, approximately 20 cm (8 in) in length. They are most commonly found in the Caribbean Sea in small schools. As part of the Cephalopod class of Molluscs, these organisms exhibit specific characteristics to help them in their environment, such as tentacles for movement and feeding and color pigments that reflect their behavioral conditions.

Fin
A fin is a thin appendage or component attached to a larger body or structure. Fins typically function as foils that produce lift or thrust, or provide the ability to steer or stabilize motion while traveling in water, air, or other fluids. Fins are also used to increase surface areas for heat transfer purposes, or simply as ornamentation.

Fins first evolved on fish as a means of locomotion. Fish fins are used to generate thrust and control the subsequent motion. Fish and other aquatic animals, such as cetaceans, actively propel and steer themselves with pectoral and tail fins. As they swim, they use other fins, such as dorsal and anal fins, to achieve stability and refine their maneuvering.

The fins on the tails of cetaceans, ichthyosaurs, metriorhynchids, mosasaurs and plesiosaurs are called flukes.
Chakwaina
Chakwaina (alternatively Cha'kwaina, Tsa'kwayna, or Tcakwaina) is a kachina, or spirit, which appears in Hopi, Zuni, and Keresan ceremonies, but does not appear in Tewa ceremonies.  Although imagery of the kachina is varied, it is usually depicted as an ogre, with ferocious teeth and a black goatee and black mask with yellow eyes.  Its spread throughout Pueblo culture is often associated with the Asa clan.

It is often claimed that Chakwaina is a ceremonial representation of Estevanico, a Moroccan-born formerly-enslaved explorer who led the first Spanish party to the Pueblo tribes as a scout for the expedition of Fray Marcos de Niza.  Early anthropologist, Frederick J. Dockstader asserted that legendary sources linked Chakwaina to contact with Estevanico.  However, the linkage is not clear and the kachina may actually predate contact with the Spanish.  In addition, although usually black, there very few white or albino Chakwaina representations.

Tewa
The Tewa are a linguistic group of Pueblo Native Americans who speak the Tewa language and share the Pueblo culture.  Their homelands are on or near the Rio Grande in New Mexico north of Santa Fe.  They comprise the following communities:

Nambé Pueblo

Pojoaque Pueblo

San Ildefonso Pueblo

Ohkay Owingeh

Santa Clara Pueblo

Tesuque Pueblo

The Hopi Tewa, descendants of those who fled the Second Pueblo Revolt of 1680–1692, live on the Hopi Reservation in Arizona, mostly in Tewa Village and Polacca on the First Mesa. Other Hopi clans are known to be descendants of Tewa people.

Tewa is one of five Tanoan languages spoken by the Pueblo people of New Mexico. Though these five languages are closely related, speakers of one cannot fully understand speakers of another (similar to German and Dutch speakers). The six Tewa-speaking pueblos are Nambe, Pojoaque, San Ildefonso, Ohkay Owingeh, Santa Clara, and Tesuque.
Curdlan
Curdlan is a water-insoluble linear beta-1,3-glucan, a high-molecular-weight polymer of glucose. Curdlan consists of β-(1,3)-linked glucose residues and forms elastic gels upon heating in aqueous suspension.

It was initially reported to be produced by "Alcaligenes faecalis  var. myxogenes" strain 10C3-K in 1966. This classification for the strain and its descendants is now understood to be inaccurate, giving rise to the new name "Agrobacterium fabrum". The modern industrial strain "A. fabrum" ATCC 31749 had its genome sequenced in 2011. Some sources prefer the open nomenclature Agrobacterium sp.

Extracellular and capsular polysaccharides are produced by a variety of pathogenic and soil-dwelling bacteria. Curdlan is a neutral β-(1,3)-glucan, perhaps with a few intra- or interchain 1,6-linkages, produced as an exopolysaccharide by soil bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae. It is also produced by Cellulomonas flavigena, which belongs to a different phylum.

Rhizobiaceae
The Rhizobiaceae is a family of Pseudomonadota comprising multiple subgroups that enhance and hinder plant development. Some bacteria found in the family are used for plant nutrition and collectively make up the rhizobia. Other bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium rhizogenes severely alter the development of plants in their ability to induce crown galls or hairy roots, respectively. The family has been of an interest to scientists for centuries in their ability to associate with plants and modify plant development. The Rhizobiaceae are, like all Pseudomonadota, Gram-negative. They are aerobic, and the cells are usually rod-shaped. Many species of the Rhizobiaceae are diazotrophs which are able to fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots.
Rushville-Industry High School
Rushville-Industry High School, or RIHS, is a public four-year high school located at 730 North Congress Street in Rushville, Illinois, a small city in Schuyler County, Illinois, in the Midwestern United States. RIHS serves the communities of Rushville, Industry, Browning, Camden, Frederick, and Littleton. The campus is located 25 miles south of Macomb, Illinois, and serves a mixed small city, village, and rural residential community.

Macomb, Illinois
Macomb (/məˈkoʊm/) is a city in and the county seat of McDonough County, Illinois, United States.  It is situated in western Illinois, about 75 miles (121 km) southwest of Peoria.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 15,051. Macomb is the home of Western Illinois University.
Juan Van Halen
Juan Van Halen y Sartí (16 February 1788 – 8 November 1864) was a Spanish military officer and Russian military officer of Flemish origin. After fighting for the losing side in the Peninsular War, he was forced to flee Spain. Van Halen became a military adventurer throughout Europe and served 18 months as a colonel in the Russian Caucasus Dragoon Regiment until he was removed by Tsar Alexander I of Russia.

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
Kandasamypalayam
11°06′25″N 77°44′16″E﻿ / ﻿11.106904°N 77.737864°E﻿ / 11.106904; 77.737864
Kandasamypalayam is the town in Erode District belongs to Kollankoil Town Pachayat, located 25 km from Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.  More than 75% of the people are dependent on agriculture and the rest are agri-based business and other occupations. There are two schools available in this village,  one government primary school, another one English Medium School. Paddy, sugarcane, turmeric are the major crops cultivated in this area. The village water source is mainly based on Lower Bhavani Project Canal fed by Bhavanisagar Dam.

Bhavanisagar Dam
Bhavanisagar Dam or Lower Bhavani Dam, is an earthen dam located in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The dam is constructed on the Bhavani River. The dam is situated some 16 km (9.9 mi) west of Sathyamangalam, and is 35 km (22 mi) from Gobichettipalayam in Erode district.
Govindpur railway station
Govindpur Railway Station is a Passenger Halt (PH) railway station on Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line under Chakradharpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Subash Nagar, Khankripara, Jamshedpur in East Singhbhum  district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is only 7 km (4 mi) from Tatanagar Junction.

Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line
The Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line (also known as Mumbai–Kolkata line) is a railway line in India connecting Kolkata and Mumbai via Nagpur. The 1,968-kilometre-long (1,223 mi) railway line was opened to traffic in 1900.
Polar circle (geometry)
In geometry, the polar circle of a triangle is the circle whose center is the triangle's orthocenter and whose squared radius is

where A, B, C denote both the triangle's vertices and the angle measures at those vertices; H is the orthocenter (the intersection of the triangle's altitudes); D, E, F are the feet of the altitudes from vertices A, B, C respectively; R is the triangle's circumradius (the radius of its circumscribed circle);  and a, b, c are the lengths of the triangle's sides opposite vertices A, B, C respectively.: p. 176

The first parts of the radius formula reflect the fact that the orthocenter divides the altitudes into segment pairs of equal products. The trigonometric formula for the radius shows that the polar circle has a real existence only if the triangle is obtuse, so one of its angles is obtuse and hence has a negative cosine.

Vertex (geometry)
In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes), also called a corner, is a point where two or more curves, lines, or line segments meet or intersect. For example, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the point where edges of polygons and polyhedra meet are vertices.
Automotive industry in Hyderabad
The automotive industry in Hyderabad began in the 1930s. Manufacturing started with the establishment of Hyderabad Allwyn, which manufactured auto-components and assembled Albion CX9 buses for Hyderabad State Railways. It was a joint venture of Industrial Development Trust of the Nizam's Hyderabad Government and Allwyn & Company. Praga Tools was established in 1943; HMT bearings opened in 1963 followed by Ordnance Factory Medak in 1984.

The industry expanded in the 21st century with support of the Telangana government and the introductions of Tata Boeing Aerospace Limited in 2007, Deccan Auto in 2011 and a Mahindra tractor plant in 2012. National and multinational companies followed, such as Hyundai Motor Company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Maruti Suzuki. Research and development, manufacturing, marketing and assembling units opened in Hyderabad. The Telangana government supported startups and attracted electric vehicle company Triton to manufacture in Hyderabad.

Government of Telangana
The Government of Telangana is the  governing authority of the state of Telangana in India. It consists of an executive, a judiciary and a legislative.

The state government is headed by the Governor of Telangana as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as the real head of the executive. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and his council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and his council of ministers in whom a great deal of legislative powers are vested. The state government maintains its capital at Hyderabad and is seated at the Government Secretariat or the Sachivalayam.

The Government of Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 after bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh as part of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
Progradation
In sedimentary geology and geomorphology, progradation is the growth of a river delta further out into the sea over time. This occurs when the volume of incoming sediment is greater than the volume of the delta that is lost through subsidence, sea-level rise, or erosion.

Progradation can be caused by:

Periods of sea-level fall which result in marine regression. This can occur during major continental glaciations within ice ages, be caused by changes in the rates of seafloor spreading that affects the volume of the ocean basins, or tectonic effects on the regional mantle density structure which can change the geoid elevation.

Extremely high sediment input, such as by the Huang He (Yellow River) in China, which drains the Loess plateau, or from high sediment loads in proglacial rivers.

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.
Pedro Reis (economist)
Pedro Trigo de Morais de Albuquerque Reis (born 30 September 1967) is a Portuguese economist and politician of the Social Democratic Party who has been serving Minister of Economy in the XXIV Constitutional Government, led by Prime Minister Luís Montenegro, since 2024.

Since 3 July 2022, he has been coordinator of the "Movimento Acreditar", a think tank of the Social Democratic Party.

Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.