hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quackdown
Quackdown is a South Africa-based website aimed at exposing fraudulent and untested medical treatments. It hosts the "Quackbase" database of untested medical claims and publishes articles on quackery.

Quackdown is a joint project of the Treatment Action Campaign, Community Media Trust and several individuals. It was originally edited by Nathan Geffen, Marcus Low and Catherine Tomlinson, but since December 2012 Catherine Tomlinson is no longer an editor of Quackdown.

In October 2012, the South African medicine company Solal Technologies filed a defamation lawsuit against Kevin Charleston due to a Quackdown article he published that denounces the company's magazine Health Intelligence for quackery and pseudoscience.

As of 2022 the website appears to be inactive as the Quackbase database was last updated in 2012 and the most recent article on the website dated from 2014. In addition, their Twitter account, @quackbase, has not been active since 2012.

Quackery
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.
Delaney Spaulding
Delaney Lyn Spaulding (born May 9, 1995) is an American, former collegiate All-American, medal-winning Olympian, softball shortstop. Spaulding played college softball for the UCLA Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference from 2014 to 2017. She represented the United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal.

UCLA Bruins softball
The UCLA Bruins softball team represents the University of California, Los Angeles in NCAA Division I softball. The Bruins are among the most decorated programs in NCAA softball, leading all schools in NCAA championships with 12, 13 overall Women's College World Series championships, championship game appearances with 22, WCWS appearances with 36, and NCAA Tournament wins with 187.
27th Wisconsin Legislature
The Twenty-Seventh Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 14, 1874, to March 12, 1874, in regular session.

This was the first session since 1856 in which the Democratic Party held control of the Assembly.

Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 4, 1873. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 5, 1872.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat William Robert Taylor, of Dane County, serving the first year of a two-year term, having won election in the 1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
S. R. Butler High School
S. R. Butler High School was a four-year public high school that served students in grades 9-12 from Huntsville, Alabama. The school was named after Samuel Riley Butler, a principal, school superintendent, and school founder.
It opened in 1951 and closed in 2015.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Ice hockey at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification
Qualification for the women's tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics determined by the IIHF World Ranking following the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championships. The top five teams in the World Ranking received automatic berths into the Olympics, Russia received an automatic berth as host, and all other teams had an opportunity to qualify for the remaining two spots.

IIHF World Ranking
The IIHF World Ranking is a ranking of the performance of the national ice hockey teams of member countries of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It is based on a formula giving points for each team's placings at IIHF-sanctioned tournaments over the previous four years. The ranking is used to determine seedings and qualification requirements for future IIHF tournaments. The United States' teams are ranked first in both men's and women's play. Russia's men team has more points overall in the men's rankings but is excluded from the list due to its ongoing suspension from IIHF competition.
Po Delta Interregional Park
The Po Delta Interregional Park (Italian: Parco interregionale Delta del Po) is a proposed agency in Italy for a joint administration of the two Po Delta Regional Parks now separately administered by Veneto and Emilia-Romagna regions. The new agency will operate in concert with  the Italian Ministry of the Environment in order to better protect the river Po and its basin in the provinces of Rovigo and of Ferrara.

Province of Rovigo
The province of Rovigo (Italian: provincia di Rovigo) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Rovigo.
It borders on the north with the provinces of Verona, Padua and Venice, on the south with the province of Ferrara, on the west with the province of Mantua, and on the east with the Adriatic Sea.
Randy Robertson (politician)
Wiley Randall Robertson (born October 6, 1962) is an American politician from Cataula, Georgia. He is a Republican member of the Georgia State Senate representing District 29, elected in 2018. Robertson is a retired law enforcement officer and attended Command College at Columbus State University and the FBI National Academy.

Robertson was a Law Enforcement Officer in the Muscogee County Sheriff's Office. In 2018, he was elected to the Georgia State Senate. He was reelected in the 2020 general elections.

Muskogee County Sheriff's Office
Muskogee County Sheriff's Office is the chief law enforcement agency in Muskogee County, Oklahoma, with primary jurisdiction in the unincorporated areas of the county. Consisting of sheriff's deputies, detention staff and support personnel, the department serves a population of over 70,000 people.
Maripasoula Airport
Maripasoula Airport (IATA: MPY, ICAO: SOOA) is an airport 3.5 km (1.9 NM) north of Maripasoula, a commune in the arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni in French Guiana. It is near the Lawa River, which forms the border between French Guiana and Suriname.

The Maripasoula non-directional beacon (Ident: MP) is located on the field.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Korean Cultural Center, Sakhalin
The Sakhalin Korean Cultural Center (Russian: Корейский культурный центр, Сахалин; Korean: 사할린한인문화센터) is a branch of the South Korean Korean Cultural Centers in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is meant for the community of Sakhalin Koreans who have lived on the island since the Japanese colonial period.

Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast (Russian: Сахали́нская о́бласть, romanized: Sakhalinskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East. The oblast has an area of 87,100 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi). Its administrative center and largest city is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast has a population of 466,609.

The vast majority of the oblast's residents are ethnic Russians, with a small minority of Sakhalin Koreans. Sakhalin Oblast is rich in natural gas and oil, and is Russia's second wealthiest federal subject after the Tyumen Oblast. It borders by sea Khabarovsk Krai to the west and Kamchatka Krai to the north, along with Hokkaido, Japan to the south.
Ismail Mustafa al-Falaki
Ismail Mustafa, Ismail Effendi Mustafa, Ismail Bey Mustapha, Ismail Mustafa al-Falaki or Ismail Pasha al-Falaki (1825 – 27 July 1901) was an Egyptian astronomer and mathematician. Effendi, Bey and Pasha corresponded to the different ranks he attained along his career; "al-Falaki" was added to his name literally meaning "the astronomer". He was born in Cairo to a family of Turkish origin and was educated in Paris, France.

Pasha
Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: پاشا; Turkish: paşa; Arabic: باشا, romanized: basha) was a high rank, aristocratic title in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries, and others  issued by the Sultan carrying the tughra (imperial seal). Pasha, in one of its various ranks, is equivalent to the British title of Lord. Pasha was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt and it was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district.
1849 California gubernatorial election
The 1849 California gubernatorial election was held on November 13, 1849, to elect the first governor of California. Peter Hardeman Burnett won in a five-way race. Burnett was subsequently sworn in as governor on December 20, 1849, with the military governor, Bennet C. Riley, ceding de facto executive authority to him. However, California did not officially become a state until September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
John MacArthur bibliography
This is a list of all published works of John F. MacArthur, an evangelical Bible expositor, pastor-teacher of Grace Community Church, and president of The Master's Seminary, in Sun Valley, California. In addition to more than 150 individual books and monographs, MacArthur has also contributed to more than 30 multi-author works. His publications have been translated into more than two dozen languages, including ten or more titles each in French, Spanish, Romanian, German, Korean, Russian, Portuguese, and Italian.

A 2001 Duke Divinity School survey asking pastors "...what three authors do you read most often...?" concluded that MacArthur was among the top twelve for Conservative Protestants. A similar 2005 study by The Barna Group concluded that he was one of six authors "who had the greatest number of influential books listed by pastors."

Grace Community Church
34°13′16″N 118°25′18″W﻿ / ﻿34.221093°N 118.421799°W﻿ / 34.221093; -118.421799

Grace Community Church is a non-denominational, evangelical megachurch founded in 1956 and located in Sun Valley, a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. The church is led by Nathan Busenitz as Staff Pastor, leading the church as an interim leader for the ministers and Mark Zhakevich as the administrative day-to-day operations, as made official in an announcement on August 28, 2025.  As of 2008, the average weekly attendance was 8,258.
Julian (Chalcedonian patriarch of Antioch)
Julian, sometimes numbered Julian I, was the patriarch of Antioch for about five years from 471 until 475 or 476. He was a Chalcedonian and a "fairly well-known person". His election as patriarch at a synod in Antioch was arranged by the Emperor Leo I on the advice of Patriarch Gennadius of Constantinople to replace the Miaphysite patriarch Peter the Fuller, who was exiled by Leo on 1 June 471.

Julian held the patriarchate through the remainder of the reign of Leo I and that of Leo II. In the unrest that followed Leo II's death, the Miaphysite Basiliscus seized the imperial throne and restored Peter the Fuller to the patriarchate. When Peter arrived in Antioch, Julian was so upset that he died "of vexation", according to Theodorus Lector.

Julian may the Julian who commissioned the treatise Against the Aposchists (i.e., schismatics, the Miaphysites) from John of Scythopolis, but it is more likely that Julian of Bostra was the Julian in question.

Miaphysitism
Miaphysitism (/maɪˈæfɪsaɪtɪzəm, miː-/) is the Christological doctrine that holds Jesus, the Incarnate Word, is fully divine and fully human, in one nature or physis (Greek: φύσις). It is the position held by the Oriental Orthodox Churches. It differs from the dyophysitism of the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, the Church of the East and major Protestant denominations, which holds that Jesus is one person with two natures (divine and human) as defined by the Council of Chalcedon in 451.

While historically a major point of controversy within Christianity, some modern declarations by both Chalcedonian and Miaphysite churches claim that the difference between the two Christological formulations does not reflect any significant difference in belief about the nature of Christ. Other statements from both Chalcedonian and Miaphysite churches claim that such difference is indeed theological but has been "widened by non-theological factors".
Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today
Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today is a 2004 non-fiction book by Alan Huffman, originally published by Gotham Books and re-issued in 2010 by University Press of Mississippi. It chronicles Americo-Liberians who originated from the Prospect Hill Plantation in Mississippi and who settled Mississippi-in-Africa.

The book had a working title of "Prospect Hill" though the final title was "Mississippi in Africa".

Avery Publishing
Avery Publishing is a book publishing imprint of the Penguin Group, founded as an independent publisher in 1976 by Rudy Shur and partners, and purchased by Penguin in 1999. The current president is veteran publisher William Shinker. Their offices were located at one time in Garden City, New York, home to other publisher's offices.

Penguin merged the Gotham Books and Hudson Street Press imprints into Avery in 2015.
The Harmonica Gentlemen
The Harmonica Gentlemen was a trio consisting of George Fields (chromatic harmonica), Leo Friedman (chord harmonica), and Don Ripps (bass harmonica). They are largely remembered now for recording with The Andrews Sisters and Danny Kaye. George Fields had a solo career as harmonicist and is best known for his harmonica solo  "Moon River" in Henry Mancini's score for Breakfast at Tiffany's. Donn Ripps was a former member of the Borrah Minevitch Harmonica Rascals the Cappy Barra Harmonica Gentlemen The Harmonica Boys and last The Harmonica Ripples. Leo Friedman was a former Borrah Minevitch Harmonica Rascals and performed in the movie Topman in 1943 when Sammy Ross had replaced Johnny Puleo.

Breakfast at Tiffany's (soundtrack)
Breakfast at Tiffany's: Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack from the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's starring Audrey Hepburn. The tracks were re-arranged parts of the film music  composed and conducted by Henry Mancini and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony. At the 1962 Academy Awards, Mancini and lyricist Johnny Mercer won Oscars for Best Original Song for "Moon River", while Mancini picked up a second statue for Best Original Score. The album also stayed on Billboard's album charts for over ninety weeks.
Emily Seebohm
Emily Jane Seebohm, OAM (born 5 June 1992) is an Australian retired swimmer and television personality. She has appeared at four Olympic Games between 2008 and 2021; and won three Olympic gold medals, five world championship gold medals and seven Commonwealth Games gold medals.

In 2009, Seebohm was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia.

Seebohm appeared as a contestant in the 8th season of the Australian version of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in January 2022. Later the same year, she competed on The Challenge: Australia, and in 2023 she competed on The Challenge: World Championship. In 2026 she took part in the celebrity version of the Channel 4 show SAS: Who Dares Wins, finishing as joint winner alongside Gabby Allen and Dani Dyer.

The Challenge: Australia
The Challenge: Australia is the Australian adaptation of the American reality competition series The Challenge. The first season featured twenty-two Australian reality television contestants and celebrities competing against one another in various challenges to avoid elimination.

The series, hosted by TV presenter and sports commentator Brihony Dawson, premiered on Network 10 on 14 November 2022. Due to low viewership, the series was moved to 10 Shake from episode 7.
Barbeuia
Barbeuia madagascariensis is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar.

Barbeuia has occasionally been placed in its own family, Barbeuiaceae. The APG II system of 2003, for instance, recognizes such a family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots, after Philippe Cuénoud sequenced a fragment of the matK gene (extracted from a seed deposited in the Kew Herbarium) and showed that Barbeuia does not belong in Phytolaccaceae. This represents a change from the APG system, of 1998, which did not recognize Barbeuiaceae as a family, for lack of molecular data.

Maturase K
Maturase K (matK) is a plant plastidial gene. The protein it encodes is an organelle intron maturase, a protein that splices Group II introns. It is essential for in vivo splicing of Group II introns.  Amongst other maturases, this protein retains only a well conserved domain X and remnants of a reverse transcriptase domain.

Universal matK primers can be used for DNA barcoding of angiosperms.
Ymamnazar
Ymamnazar (also Ymam Nazar, Imamnazar) is a remote settlement in Turkmenistan's Lebap province. It is situated immediately adjacent to Turkmenistan's southern border with Afghanistan, opposite to Aqina. The nearest city in Turkmenistan is Kerki.

In 2007, an international border crossing point was opened in Ymamnazar, making it one of two international border crossings on the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan border, the other being Serhetabat-Torghundi. The border crossing is officially called "Saparmurat", after Saparmurat "Turkmenbashy" Niyazov, the first president of Turkmenistan.

There are basic transshipment facilities here, including a small oil terminal for shipping Turkmen hydrocarbons onward into Afghanistan.

Oil terminal
An oil terminal (also called a tank farm, tankfarm, oil installation or oil depot) is an industrial facility for the storage of oil, petroleum and petrochemical products, and from which these products are transported to end users or other storage facilities. An oil terminal typically has a variety of above or below ground tankage; facilities for inter-tank transfer; pumping facilities; loading gantries for filling road tankers or barges; ship loading/unloading equipment at marine terminals; and pipeline connections.
Cameraria shenaniganensis
Cameraria shenaniganensis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from California, United States.

The length of the forewings is 3.1–4.2 mm.

The larvae feed on Quercus chrysolepis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus chrysolepis
Quercus chrysolepis, commonly termed canyon live oak, canyon oak, golden cup oak or maul oak, is a North American species of evergreen oak. Its leaves are a glossy dark green on the upper surface with prominent spines; a further identification arises from the leaves of canyon live oak being geometrically flat.

The species is found in Mexico and in the western United States, notably in the California Coast Ranges. It is often found near creeks and drainage swales growing in moist cool microhabitats.
Karl Feucht
Karl Feucht (24 December 1893 - 30 June 1954) was a German flight mechanic and polar explorer. In 1925, he was one of two mechanics aboard the two Dornier Wal flying boats in which Roald Amundsen, Lincoln Ellsworth and Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen made a failed attempt to reached the geographic North Pole by air, starting from the island of Spitzbergen.

Ditzingen
Ditzingen (German pronunciation: [ˈdɪtsɪŋən] ⓘ; Swabian: Ditzenge) is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km northwest of Stuttgart, and 12 km southwest of Ludwigsburg. The Hirschlanden transmitter was located near Ditzingen-Hirschlanden. Ditzingen is the home of Bürger GmbH, Reclam and also Trumpf GmbH.
ARA Murature (P-20)
Murature was a 900-ton World War II era Argentine Navy warship, originally classified as minelayer and later as patrol boat. The vessel was named after José Luis Murature, Foreign Minister of Argentina from 1916 to 1918.

Ministry of foreign affairs
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as a secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president).