hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christian population growth
Christian population growth is the population growth of the global Christian community. According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were more than 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, more than three times as many as the 600 million recorded in 1910. However, this rate of growth is slower than the overall population growth over the same time period. In 2020, Pew estimated the number of Christians worldwide to be around 2.38 billion. According to various scholars and sources, high birth rates and conversions in the Global South were cited as the reasons for the Christian population growth.

World Christian Encyclopedia
World Christian Encyclopedia is a reference work, with its third edition published by Edinburgh University Press in November 2019. The WCE is known for providing membership statistics for major world religions and Christian denominations including historical data and projections of future populations.

The data incorporated into the World Christian Encyclopedia have been made available online at the World Christian Database (WCD).
Lossky
Lossky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Nikolai Lossky (1870–1965), Russian philosopher

Vladimir Lossky (1903–1958), Orthodox Christian theologian, son of Nikolai

Olga Lossky (born 1981), French writer and great-granddaughter of the Vladimir

Nikolay Lossky
Nikolay Onufriyevich Lossky (/ˈlɒski/; 6 December [O.S. 24 November] 1870 – 24 January 1965), also known as N. O. Lossky, was a Russian philosopher, representative of Russian idealism, intuitionist epistemology, personalism, libertarianism, ethics and axiology (value theory). He gave his philosophical system the name intuitive-personalism. He spent his working life in St. Petersburg and, after his exile by the Bolsheviks in 1922,  in Prague and New York. He was the father of the influential Christian theologian Vladimir Lossky.
Minuwangoda
Minuwangoda (Sinhala: මිනුවන්ගොඩ, Tamil: மினுவந்கொட) is a town in Gampaha district, governed by an Urban Council and Pradheshia Saba, situated near Negombo, Western Province of Sri Lanka. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Negombo and 35 kilometres (22 mi) north east of Colombo. It is an important junction town, connecting the Negombo to Kandy road (via Veyangoda and Nittambuwa) with the A1/A6 main road from Colombo to Kurunegala. The main bus route 5 from Colombo to Kurunegala passes through the town. The town is also situated near the Bandaranaike International Airport, on the way to Negombo.

Bandaranaike International Airport
Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA; commonly known as Colombo International Airport, Colombo–Bandaranaike International Airport, and locally as Katunayake International Airport; IATA: CMB, ICAO: VCBI) is the main international airport in Sri Lanka. It is named after former Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike (1899–1959) and is in the suburb of Negombo, 32.5 kilometres (20+1⁄4 miles) north of the nation's capital and commercial center, Colombo.

It is administered by Airport and Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Ltd and serves as the hub of SriLankan Airlines, the national carrier of Sri Lanka, Fitsair, a privately owned low-cost carrier, and domestic carrier Cinnamon Air.

The other airport serving the city of Colombo is Ratmalana International Airport.
Bisphenol A bis(phthalic anhydride)
Bisphenol A bis(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA) is an organic chemical compound and a carboxylic acid anhydride. It consists of a bisphenol A molecule linked to two phthalic anhydride molecules via ether bridges.

BPADA is an important monomer for polyetherimides and polyimides, which are classified as high-performance plastics. Bisphenol A bis(phthalic anhydride) is also the starting material for bisphenol A tetracarboxylic acid, which was recently described under the name "lockdown" as an inhibitor of phosphatases PPM1F and is supposed to prevent the metastasis of tumor cells.

Polyetherimide
Polyetherimide (PEI; branded as Ultem) is an amorphous, amber-to-transparent thermoplastic with characteristics similar to the related plastic PEEK. When comparing PEI to PEEK, the former is cheaper but has lower impact strength and a tighter temperature range.

PEI plastics were first introduced into the market by General Electric (GE) in 1982 under the trade name Ultem resulting from the work of J.G. Wirth's research team in the early 1970s.

Due to its adhesive properties and chemical stability it became a popular bed material for FFF 3D printers.
Organisation of the Government of Singapore
The Government of Singapore consists of several departments, known as ministries and statutory boards in Singapore. Ministries are led by a member of the Cabinet and deal with state matters that require direct political oversight. The member of the Cabinet heading the ministry is known as the minister, who is supported by a junior minister known as minister of state in Singapore. The administrative management of the ministry is led by a senior civil servant known as permanent secretary.

Digital and Intelligence Service
The Digital and Intelligence Service (DIS) is the digital service branch of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) responsible for providing military intelligence to the armed forces, building up the country's digital defence capabilities, and protecting the psychological defence of its military personnel. It was established on 28 October 2022, in response to the increased number of attacks by non-state actors, and the damage resulting from Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare.
Jennifer Boysko
Jennifer Barton Boysko (born November 16, 1966) is an American politician from the Commonwealth of Virginia. She represents the 38th district in the Virginia Senate. Previously, she represented the 86th district in the Virginia House of Delegates, which is located in Fairfax and Loudoun counties. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2020, the census returned a population of 420,959, making it Virginia's third-most populous county. The county seat is Leesburg. Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of 2023, Loudoun County had a median household income of $156,821, the highest of any county or county equivalent in the nation.
Cordelia Stanwood
Cordelia J. Stanwood (1865 – 1958) was an American ornithologist, wildlife photographer, artisan, and writer. One of her primary achievements was the creation of Birdsacre Sanctuary, also known as the Stanwood Wildlife Sanctuary. During the course of her ornithological career, she made scientific observations of the behavior of approximately 100 bird species, at a time when there had previously been few scientific studies of bird behavior.

Prior to her career as an ornithological-photographer, Stanwood was a teacher and a school principal, teaching grammar and art. Her writings appeared in popular magazines and included 20 scholarly articles in ornithological journals.

Wildlife photography
Wildlife photography is a genre of photography concerned with documenting various forms of wildlife in their natural habitat.

As well as requiring photography skills, wildlife photographers may need field craft skills. For example, some animals and birds are difficult to approach and thus a knowledge of the animal's and birds behavior is needed in order to be able to predict its actions. Photographing some species may require stalking skills or the use of a hide/blind for concealment.

While wildlife photographs can be taken using basic equipment, successful photography of some types of wildlife requires specialist equipment, such as macro lenses for insects, long focal length lenses for birds and underwater cameras for marine life.
Kiev City Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine
The Kyiv City Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, commonly referred to as the Kyiv CPU gorkom, was the position of highest authority in the city of Kyiv.

The position was created in 1921, and abolished in August 1991 although most authority was lost in June that year to the position of Mayor of Kyiv. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine or the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine. The First Secretary exercised a large influence throughout the Soviet Union.

Mayor of Kyiv
The Head of Kyiv City (Ukrainian: Київський міський голова, romanized: Kyivskyi miskyi holova), unofficially and more commonly the Mayor of Kyiv (Ukrainian: Мер Києва, romanized: Mer Kyieva), is a city official elected by popular vote who serves as a head of the City State Administration of Kyiv (the capital of Ukraine) and a chairperson the Kyiv City Council.

The mayor is elected for the term of four years. Current mayor Vitali Klitschko was sworn in on 5 June 2014. Klitschko was last reelected in the 2020 Kyiv local election with 50.52% of the votes, in the first round of the election.
Chevalier de Johnstone
James Johnstone (1719 – c. 1791), also known as Chevalier de Johnstone or Johnstone de Moffatt, was a Scottish memoirist who is best remembered for his Memoirs of the Rebellion in 1745 and 1746, first published in 1820. The son of an Edinburgh merchant, he escaped to France after participating in the 1745 Jacobite rebellion.

He was commissioned a lieutenant in the French Colonial Army, and served in French North America for several years. Following the loss of Quebec to the British Army in 1760, Johnstone returned to France and became a civilian. Little is known of his later life, and he is thought to have died sometime between 1791 and 1800.

Troupes coloniales
The Troupes coloniales (French pronunciation: [tʁup kɔlɔnjal], "Colonial Troops") or  Armée coloniale ([aʁme kɔlɔnjal],"Colonial Army"), commonly called La Coloniale, were the colonial troops of the French colonial empire from 1900 until 1961. From 1822 to 1900, these troops were designated as Troupes de marine ("Marine Troops" or just "Marines"), and in 1961 they readopted this name. They were recruited from mainland France and from the French settler as well as indigenous populations of the empire. This force played a substantial role in the conquest of the empire, in World War I, World War II, the First Indochina War, and the Algerian War.
Baix Penedès
Baix Penedès (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈbaʃ pənəˈðɛs]) is a comarca in the Penedès region, in Catalonia, Spain. The area has been settled since the times of the Iberians, with ancient ruins remaining in Banyeres at Can Canyís, at the village of Guàrdies and in Calafell at the villages of Toixoneres and la Ciutadella ("The Citadel"). The capital is El Vendrell.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Perry Gomez
Michael Perry Gomez (18 January 1947 – 21 October 2023) was a Bahamian politician, who served as Minister of Health and as member for North Andros and Berry Islands in the House of Assembly of the Bahamas. First elected to the legislature in the 2012 election after defeating Education Minister Desmond Bannister by a margin of 24 votes, he was appointed by Prime Minister Perry Christie to be Minister of Health.

Minister of health
A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare spending and other social security services.

Some governments have separate ministers for mental health.
Warren Henderson
Warren Swasey Henderson (November 14, 1927 – October 22, 2011) was an American politician in the state of Florida.

Henderson served in the Florida State Senate from 1963 to 1965, 1967 to 1971, and 1973 to 1984, representing the 22nd, 32nd, and 25th districts. Henderson was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. He attended Denison University and the University of Florida College of Law. He was a numismatist and also worked in the investments industry. He died in 2011.

Warren Swasey Henderson was the father of Warren Charles Henderson.  It was the younger Warren Henderson who held elective office in New Hampshire.

Denison University
Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, United States. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. It was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of William S. Denison, a major early benefactor. The college enrolled 2,300 students in fall 2023. Students choose from 65 academic programs.

The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 26 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association.
BC-41
The BC-41 was a combined knuckleduster and dagger weapon used by the British Commandos during World War II for close combat and ambushes. Although effective, it was eventually replaced by the Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife.

Close-quarters battle
Close-quarters battle (CQB), also called close-quarters combat (CQC), is a close combat situation between multiple combatants involving ranged (typically firearm-based) or melee combat. It can occur between military units, law enforcement and criminal elements, and in other similar situations. CQB is typically defined as a short duration, high intensity conflict characterized by sudden violence at close range.
Rudolf Straeuli
Rudolf August Wilkens Straeuli (born 20 August 1963) is a South African rugby union administrator, and a former player and coach. He is currently the CEO of the Lions Rugby Company. He played in the positions of flanker and Number 8, making 10 test appearances for South Africa in 1994 and 1995. He was the coach of the Springboks rugby team in 2002 and 2003. He also played for the Golden Lions provincial team in the Currie Cup and Super 12 competitions.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Woodeaton Wood
Woodeaton Wood is a 14-hectare (35-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Oxford in Oxfordshire.

This coppice with standards on calcareous soil is a fragment of the ancient Shotover Forest. The ground layer has plants such as wood anemone, nettle-leaved bellflower, ramsons, goldilocks  buttercup, early dog-violet and enchanter's nightshade.

The site is private land with no public access.

Circaea lutetiana
Circaea lutetiana, known as broad-leaved enchanter's nightshade, is a plant in the evening primrose family, Onagraceae.

The genus name comes from the enchantress Circe of Greek mythology and the specific designation is derived from Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris, which was sometimes referred to as the "Witch City". Despite its name it is not especially toxic, but contains a lot of the astringent tannin.
Big Falls Inn
The Big Falls Inn, also known as Upper Mesa Falls Lodge, is located near Island Park, Idaho.  It was built in 1907.
It is on the western bank of Henrys Fork at Upper Mesa Falls in the Targhee National Forest.

It is a one-and-a-half-story log building on a concrete foundation.  It is 62 by 30 feet (18.9 m × 9.1 m) in plan.

Henrys Fork (Snake River tributary)
Henrys Fork is a tributary river of the Snake River, approximately 127 miles (204 km) long, in southeastern Idaho in the United States. It is also referred to as the North Fork of the Snake River. Its drainage basin is 3,212 square miles (8,320 km2), including its main tributary, the Teton River. Its mean annual discharge, as measured at river mile 9.2 (Henrys Fork near Rexburg) by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), is 2,096 cubic feet per second (59.4 m3/s), with a maximum daily recorded flow of 79,000 cubic feet per second (2,240 m3/s), and a minimum of 183 cubic feet per second (5.18 m3/s). It is normally transcribed without an apostrophe.

The river is named for Andrew Henry, who first entered the Snake River plateau in 1810. Employed by the Missouri Fur Company, he built Fort Henry on the upper Snake River, near modern St. Anthony, but abandoned this first American fur post west of the continental divide the following spring.
Slit Woods
Slitt Woods is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Wear Valley district of County Durham, England. It occupies the valley of Middlehope Burn, a tributary of the River Wear, which it joins at Westgate, just south of the site.

The site has a variety of habitats, including woodland, calcareous grassland, fen, and revegetated mine workings.

The woodland is characterised by ash, Fraxinus excelsior, and wych elm, Ulmus glabra, over an understorey of hazel, Corylus avellana. The ground cover includes great bell-flower, Campanula latifolia, globeflower, Trollius europaeus, wood cranesbill, Geranium sylvaticum, and marsh hawk's-beard, Crepis paludosa.

The site takes in the disused workings of two former lead mines, Slitt Mine and Middlehope Mine. The waste from these mines supports open grassland within which the metallophyte spring sandwort, Minuartia verna, has established itself.

Geranium sylvaticum
Geranium sylvaticum, the wood cranesbill or woodland geranium, is a species of hardy flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to Europe and northern Turkey.

The Latin specific epithet sylvaticum means "of woodland", referring to the plant's native habitat, as does its common name "wood cranesbill".
One Lincoln Street
One Lincoln Street, also known as HarbourVest Financial Center, is a skyscraper in Boston, Massachusetts on the edge of both  the Financial District and neighborhood of Chinatown.  Completed in 2003, it was built using Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) guidelines. Standing at 503 feet (153 m) tall, One Lincoln Street is the 22nd-tallest building in Boston. The skyscraper has a five-level underground garage that provides parking for 900 cars. It contains 1 million square feet (93,000 square meter) of office space.

The building was designed by TRO Jung Brannen. During the topping off ceremony Mayor Thomas M. Menino stated "One Lincoln will be a tremendous addition to the City and will become a signature gateway to the Financial District". The skyscraper was the headquarters of the State Street Corporation.

Boston Planning & Development Agency
The Boston Planning & Development Agency (BPDA), formerly the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), is a Massachusetts public agency that serves as the municipal planning and development agency for Boston, working on both housing and commercial developments.

As an agency concerned with urban planning, the BPDA does not consider requests for zoning variances from individual property owners. These are heard by the city's own Zoning Board of Appeals, a seven-person body appointed by the Mayor of Boston.

Some consider the BPDA's roles as both real estate owner and developer, and approval authority over private development projects, to be a conflict of interest.
Acqua azzurra, acqua chiara
"Acqua azzurra, acqua chiara" (lit. 'Blue water, clear water') is a 1969 song composed by Lucio Battisti (music) and  Mogol (lyrics) and performed by Lucio Battisti.

The song premiered in the Renzo Arbore's television show Speciale per voi, where Arbore convinced Battisti and Mogol  to prefer the song as A-side of the single instead of "Dieci ragazze". The song ranked third in the 1969 Cantagiro, behind Massimo Ranieri's "Rose Rosse" and Camaleonti's "Viso d'angelo", and it eventually won the  Festivalbar.

Artists who covered the song include Mina, Raffaella Carrà, Marcella Bella, Formula 3, Andrea Mingardi.

Cantagiro
Cantagiro was an Italian summer song contest held from 1962 to 1972 and 1990 to 1993. It featured three categories, A for famous artists, B for newcomers and C for groups. The creator of the competition was Ezio Radaelli. The name of the festival was a reference to the bicycle race Giro d'Italia, and, as the Giro, Cantagiro was organized as a stage race consisting of eleven or twelve daily stages, each set in a different city. A peculiar characteristic of the festival was that, while traveling between one stage and the other, singers were required to travel in an open car, to be at the disposal of the crowd of fans, otherwise risking fines or disqualification from the competition; accordingly the travel usually resolved into a huge crowd, with fans waiting their idols in every corner of the path.

The festival was the main subject of two musicarello films, Urlo contro melodia nel Cantagiro 1963 (1964) and La più bella coppia del mondo (1967).
The 'Burbs
The 'Burbs is a 1989 American black comedy film directed by Joe Dante and written by Dana Olsen. It stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Dern, Carrie Fisher, Rick Ducommun, Corey Feldman, Wendy Schaal, Henry Gibson and Gale Gordon.

The film pokes fun at suburban environments and their sometimes eccentric dwellers, featuring a family man who suspects the "eccentric" new neighbors are hiding a dark secret. A modest financial success which earned mixed critical reviews, the film is now regarded as a cult classic.

Gale Gordon
Gale Gordon (born Charles Thomas Aldrich Jr.; February 20, 1906 – June 30, 1995) was an American character actor who was Lucille Ball's longtime television foil, particularly as cantankerously combustible, tightfisted bank executive Theodore J. Mooney, on Ball's second television sitcom The Lucy Show. Gordon also appeared in I Love Lucy and had starring roles in Ball's successful third series Here's Lucy and her short-lived fourth and final series Life with Lucy.

Gordon was also a radio actor who played school principal Osgood Conklin in Our Miss Brooks, starring Eve Arden, in both the 1948–1957 radio series and the 1952–1956 television series. He also co-starred as the second Mr. Wilson in Dennis the Menace, replacing Joseph Kearns after he died.
Crail Custom House
Crail Custom House is an historic building in Crail, Fife, Scotland. Dating to the late 17th century, it is a Category A listed building.

Inscriptions on the buildings eastern and western skewputts reference Robert Wood (a ship captain) and Helen Daw.

Crail
Crail (listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Cathair Aile) is a former royal burgh, parish and community council area (Royal Burgh of Crail and District) in the East Neuk of Fife, Scotland.

The locality has an estimated population of 1,630 (2018).