hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miri Shefer-Mossensohn
Miri Shefer-Mossensohn (Hebrew: מירי שפר-מוסנשון) is professor of Middle Eastern history at Tel Aviv University, and the current Head of the university's Zvi Yavetz School of Historical Studies. She specializes in Ottoman & Turkish Studies, with a focus on the history of medicine, cultural history and environmental history.

Shefer-Mossensohn has attracted international media attention for an online learning course titled "Arab-Islamic History: From Tribes to Empires”, which has garnered "over 20,000 students from 155 countries," including from "Pakistan, Indonesia, Qatar and Afghanistan". It was ranked among top 50 online courses according to one poll.

Shefer-Mossensohn is a regular news commentator on Turkey and Middle Eastern affairs in the Israeli press, including in staple news outlets like Ynet and Haaretz.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
TWA Flight 400
On April 1, 1956, a Martin 4-0-4, registration #N40403, operating as TWA Flight 400, crashed on takeoff from Greater Pittsburgh International Airport (PIT). Twenty-two of the 36 people aboard the aircraft, including one crewmember (Hostess Mary Jane Fanning), perished in the evening crash on Easter Sunday.

Flight 400 was to be an eastbound IFR flight from Pittsburgh to Newark International Airport (EWR) in New Jersey, with scheduled stops in eastern Pennsylvania at Harrisburg, Reading, and Allentown. On this particular flight, the first officer (Harlan V. Jesperson) was in the left seat, as he was being line-checked by the captain (Raymond F. McQuade); both pilots survived.

Harrisburg International Airport
Harrisburg International Airport (IATA: MDT, ICAO: KMDT, FAA LID: MDT) is a public airport in Lower Swatara Township, Pennsylvania, United States, nine miles (14 km) southeast of Harrisburg. It is owned by the Susquehanna Area Regional Airport Authority.

The airport code MDT refers to Middletown, the city name specified on the postal address of the airport. Planes landing at MDT from the south are often routed near Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station a few miles from the airport. The airport, frequently referred to as HIA, is the primary commercial airport in South Central Pennsylvania and is the third-busiest airport in Pennsylvania for passenger enplanements and cargo shipments behind Philadelphia International Airport and Pittsburgh International Airport. In terms of total yearly aircraft operations within Pennsylvania, MDT is the fifth-busiest, behind Lancaster and Lehigh Valley International, according to FAA data from 2024 and 2025.
Annopol Duży
Annopol Duży [anˈnɔpɔl ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Czerniewice, 18 km (11 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 46 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.
Kitakami, Iwate
Kitakami (北上市, Kitakami-shi) is a city located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 92,311, and a population density of 210 persons per km2 in 37,085 households. The total area of the city is 437.55 square kilometres (168.94 sq mi). The city is famous for the sakura that bloom in Tenshochi Park.

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Chauha
Chuha is a town in Lamki Chuha Municipality in Kailali District in Sudurpashchim Province of western Nepal. The formerly Village development committee was merged along with Baliya VDC to form the new municipality on 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 10,145 living in 1,497 individual households.

Kailali District
Kailali District (Nepali: कैलाली जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Sudurpashchim Province in Terai plain, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhangadhi as its district headquarters, covers an area of 3,235 square kilometres (1,249 sq mi) and has a population of 911,155 (2021 census) and (775,709 in 2011 census), (616,697 in 2001 census).

Before the reunification of Nepal by Gorkha King Prithivi Narayan Shah, this district was part of the Doti Kingdom. Nepal lost it to the East India Company after the Anglo-Nepalese war (1814-1816) between the then Kingdom of Nepal and the East India Company followed by territorial concessions under the Sugauli Treaty. Later on after the treaty of 1860, Nepal recovered this land along with Kanchanpur, Banke and Bardiya.
17th Air Division
The 17th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with Pacific Air Forces, stationed at U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield, Thailand, where it was inactivated on 1 January 1976.

Second Air Force
The Second Air Force (2 AF; 2d Air Force in 1942) is a USAF numbered air force responsible for conducting basic military and technical training for Air Force enlisted members and non-flying officers.  In World War II the CONUS unit defended the Northwestern United States and Upper Great Plains regions and during the Cold War, was Strategic Air Command unit with strategic bombers and missiles. Elements of Second Air Force engaged in combat operations during the Korean War; Vietnam War, as well as Operation Desert Storm.
Thalassery-Mahe Bypass
Thalassery-Mahe Bypass is a part of NH 66 that bypasses Thalassery city in Kerala and Mahé Puducherry, India. The busy 18.6 km long bypass starts at Mahé, Puducherry, via Muzhappilangad in Thalassery, Kerala.

Eranholi
Eranholi is a census town and suburb of  Tellicherry City in the state of Kerala, India, and located on Tellichery Mysore highway. The nearest town is Chirakkara. Eranholi bridge built across Eranholi river in 1937 which is entry to Tellicherry.The Eranholi Bridge is a significant bridge of TC Road.

The College of Engineering, Thalassery is located at Kundoormala, a hilly area near Eranholi.
Fischerinsel
Fischerinsel (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪʃɐˌʔɪnzl̩] ⓘ, Fisher Island) is the southern part of the island in the River Spree which was formerly the location of the city of Cölln and is now part of central Berlin. The northern part of the island is known as Museum Island. Fischerinsel is normally said to extend south from Gertraudenstraße and is named for a fishermen's settlement which formerly occupied the southern end of the island. Until the mid-twentieth century it was a well preserved pre-industrial neighbourhood, and most of the buildings survived World War II, but in the 1960s and 1970s under the German Democratic Republic it was levelled and replaced with a development of residential tower blocks.

Heinrich Zille
Heinrich Rudolf Zille (10 January 1858 – 9 August 1929) was a German lithographer, illustrator, caricaturist, painter, and photographer. Celebrated as a keen observer of urban life, Zille became best known for his empathetic yet satirical depictions of Berlin's working-class environments during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Nicknamed 'Pinselheinrich' ('Brush Heinrich'), he combined humour, social critique, and artistic skill to shed light on the struggles and humanity of the city's lower classes. His works, which often incorporated the Berlin dialect and sharp wit, captured the essence of an evolving metropolis, leaving a lasting impact on both visual art and social commentary.
Vivacitas
Vivacitas (subtitled "Live at Glasgow 2002") is a live album recorded by the Nice, who reformed for a set of concerts, augmented by the Keith Emerson Band for the second half of the concert. David O'List, The Nice's original guitarist, did not take part, and was replaced by Dave Kilminster. The album consists of versions of pieces which had been live favourites during the Nice's heyday between 1967 and 1970, two piano solo pieces by Emerson, some pieces from the Emerson, Lake & Palmer repertoire performed by the Keith Emerson Band with The Nice personnel added for the two encores, and a 2001 interview with Emerson, Lee Jackson and Brian Davison by Chris Welch.

David O'List
David O'List (born 13 December 1948) is an English rock guitarist, vocalist and trumpeter.
He has played with The Attack, The Nice, Roxy Music (before being replaced by Phil Manzanera), and Jet (replaced by Ian Macleod). He also briefly deputised in Jethro Tull and Pink Floyd.
Babcock v. Kijakazi
Babcock v. Kijakazi, 595 U.S. 77 (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that civil-service pension payments based on employment as a dual-status military technician are not payments based on "service as a member of a uniformed service" under 42 U.S.C. § 415(1)(7)(A)(III).

Title 42 of the United States Code
Title 42 of the United States Code is the  United States Code dealing with public health, social welfare, and civil rights. Parts of Title 42 which formerly related to the US space program have been transferred to Title 51.
Hamilton High School (Memphis, Tennessee)
Hamilton High School is a public high school in Memphis, Tennessee, located at 1363 E Person Avenue. Enrollment is 646 as of the 2019–2020 school year and the school is part of the Shelby County School District.

The school has a Junior ROTC program and requires a school uniform.

Hamilton High School graduates were among the Memphis State Eight that broke the color barrier at Memphis State in 1959. There was a clash between students and police during the Martin Luther King era. In 2011, organizers rallied to save the high school from closing.

School colors are royal blue and white. Wildcats are the mascot, and the school motto is "Love Hamilton Absolutely".

Former NFL player Curtis Weathers served as principal in 2015 and sought to transition the school into a Charter School. The school was part of a grade tampering controversy at several Shelby County schools in 2017 and had its principal demoted to a teaching position as a result.

97% of the students are black as of 2020.

University of Memphis
The University of Memphis (Memphis) is a public research university in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, the university has an enrollment of more than 20,000 students.

The university maintains the Herff College of Engineering, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI), the Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law, the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, the former Lambuth University campus in Jackson, Tennessee (now a branch campus of the University of Memphis), the Loewenberg College of Nursing, the School of Public Health, the College of Communication and Fine Arts, the FedEx Institute of Technology, the Advanced Distributed Learning Workforce Co-Lab, and the Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology. The University of Memphis is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High research activity".
Yangguang station
Yangguang station (Chinese: 阳光站; pinyin: Yángguāng Zhàn) is a subway station in Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, China, operated by the Changsha subway operator Changsha Metro. It entered revenue service on 28 June 2020.

Changsha Metro
The Changsha Metro (officially 长沙轨道交通; chángshā guǐdào jiāotōng; usually called 长沙地铁; chángshā dìtiě) is a rapid transit system in Changsha and Xiangtan. The first operational line, Line 2, commenced service on April 29, 2014, making Changsha the 18th city in mainland China to open a rapid transit system.
Pfirter
Pfirter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Didier Pfirter (born 1959), Swiss diplomat

Markus Pfirter (born 1939), Swiss footballer

Rogelio Pfirter (born 1948), Argentine diplomat

Werner Pfirter (1946–1973), Swiss motorcycle road racer

Werner Pfirter
Werner Pfirter (19 December 1946 – 24 September 1973) was a Swiss professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer.

Born in Pratteln, his most successful year was in 1971 when he finished in sixth place in the 350cc world championship. Pfirter was killed in a road accident near Lleida, Spain in 1973 while driving home from the Spanish Grand Prix.
2008 Jiangsu Classic
The 2008 Guolian Securities Jiangsu Classic was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 4 and 8 June 2008 in two cities in the Jiangsu Province, China.

The round-robin stage consisted of two groups of six players, eight top 16 players and four Chinese wild cards. The final was staged at the Wuxi Sports Center in Wuxi, while the rest of the tournament had been held at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium in Nanjing.

Ding Junhui, the only player to have won all his matches, delighted his home crowd by taking the title with a tense final frame decider defeat of Mark Selby.

Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium
The Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium (Simplified Chinese: 南京奥林匹克体育中心体育馆) is an indoor arena in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. The arena is mainly used for indoor sports such as basketball and figure skating. The facility has a capacity of 13,000 people and was opened in 2005. It is located near Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Stadium.
Hedluv + Passman
Hedluv + Passman are a rap duo from Redruth, Cornwall. They perform "Casio rap", a genre where lyrics are laid over simple homemade beats. Their song "the future!" was used in the opening credits to Rhys Darby's comedy series Short Poppies.

Launching in 2007, the duo were quick to make the BBC Radio 1 playlist and, after touring in Brazil in 2008, played Glastonbury Festival in 2009. Also in 2009, Hedluv the Musical was awarded "Film of the Festival" at the Cornwall Film Festival.

In 2012, they performed at The Gilded Balloon for the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Advertised as comedy, their show received mixed reviews, with The Guardian saying that 'their combination of demented commitment and catatonic defeatism [made] for an oddly mesmerising hour'.

Gilded Balloon
Gilded Balloon is a producer and promoter of live entertainment events, based in Edinburgh, Scotland, and best known as one of the Big Four venue operators at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe each August.

The company has its origins in a venue known as The Gilded Balloon on Edinburgh's Cowgate, where artistic director Karen Koren first started promoting comedy events in 1986. When a fire in 2002 destroyed the original premises, Gilded Balloon shifted its Fringe operations to Teviot Row House in Bristo Square, which became the company's main venue.

Gilded Balloon also operates outside the Fringe, running year round events at the Rose Theatre, Edinburgh.
Nô (film)
Nô is a 1998 Canadian film by director Robert Lepage. It was based on one segment in Lepage's play Seven Streams of the River Ota.

The title is a pun which reflects the film's dramatic structure, linking the 1980 Quebec referendum (in which the "no" won) to Japanese Nō theatre.

Pun
A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.

Puns have a long history in writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.
Jill Goldthwait
Jill Goldthwait is an American politician from Maine. Goldthwait grew up in New Jersey and obtained a degree in nursing in California. She served a stint as a Peace Corps volunteer in Tonga. She moved to Maine in 1978 and settled in Bar Harbor, Maine on Mount Desert Island. She worked as an emergency department nurse at Mount Desert Island Hospital and served on the Bar Harbor Town Council for 9 years prior to running for Maine State Senate. An unenrolled (independent), she won 4 terms (1994-2002) in the State Senate before being unable to run for re-election due to term-limits. She then took a job with Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, which later turned into a permanent position as Director of Government Relations. In 2005, Goldthwait was named by Governor John Baldacci to the state's newly created Creative Economy Council.

Jackson Laboratory
The Jackson Laboratory (often abbreviated as JAX) is an independent, non-profit biomedical research institution which was founded by Clarence Cook Little in 1929. It employs over 3,000 employees in Bar Harbor, Maine; Sacramento, California; Farmington, Connecticut; Shanghai, China; and Yokohama, Japan. The institution is a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center and has NIH Centers of Excellence in aging and systems genetics. The stated mission of The Jackson Laboratory is "to discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating and curing human diseases, and to enable research and education for the global biomedical community."

The laboratory also provides more than 13,000 strains of mouse models to more than 2,400 organizations in 68 countries around the world. Additionally, JAX is the home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database, and an international hub for scientific courses, conferences, training and education.
Armand Boua
Armand Boua (born 1978) is an Ivorian painter. Boua is known for his technique of painting on cardboard with acrylic paint and tar, then scratching away paint to create negative spaces.

Boua was born in Abidjan. Boua studied at the National School of Fine Arts and at the Technical Center of Applied Arts, both in Abidjan.

His work is included in the collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art.

Minneapolis Institute of Art
The Minneapolis Institute of Art (Mia) is an art museum located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Home to more than 100,000 works of art representing 5,000 years of world history, Mia is one of the largest art museums in the United States. Its permanent collection spans about 5,000 years and represents the world's diverse cultures across six continents. The museum has five curatorial areas: Arts of Global Africa, Global Contemporary Art, Asian Art, European Art, and Arts of the Americas.

More than a half-million people visit the museum each year, and a hundred thousand more are reached through the museum's Art Adventure program for elementary schoolchildren. The museum has a free general admission policy, as well as public programs, classes for children and adults, and interactive media programs.
4769 Castalia
4769 Castalia (/kəˈsteɪliə/; prov. designation: 1989 PB) is a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, approximately 1.4 kilometers (0.87 miles) in diameter and was the first asteroid to be modeled by radar imaging. It was discovered on 9 August 1989, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin (Caltech) on photographic plates taken at Palomar Observatory in California. It is named after Castalia, a nymph in Greek mythology. It is also a Mars- and Venus-crosser asteroid.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
HMS Furious
Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Furious:

HMS Furious (1797) was a 12-gun Courser-class gun-brig launched in 1797 and sold in 1802.

HMS Furious (1804) was a 12-gun Archer-class gun-brig launched in 1804 and sold in 1815.

HMS Furious (1850) was a wooden-hulled paddle frigate launched in 1850. She was hulked in 1867 and sold in 1884.

HMS Furious (1896) was an Arrogant-class second class protected cruiser launched in 1896. She was hulked in 1915 and renamed Forte, and was sold in 1923.

HMS Furious (47) was a modified Courageous-class battlecruiser launched in 1916. She was converted to a flush-deck aircraft carrier between 1921 and 1925 and was sold in 1948.

HMS Furious (1850)
HMS Furious was a 16 gun steam powered paddle wheel frigate of the Royal Navy built at Portsmouth Dockyard and launched on 26 August 1850.  She was the lead ship of the two ship class of Furious-class frigate.  She was built at a cost of £64,794, of which her machinery cost £24,577.

On 29 October 1853, Furious struck a sunken rock in the Dardanelles 20 nautical miles (37 km) from Gallipoli, Ottoman Empire and was damaged. Consequently, Admiral Dundas transferred his flag to HMS Tiger. On 15 April 1854, she sank the corvette Andromache at Odessa after coming under fire from shore-based artillery.

Furious was sent with 14 gunboats as reinforcements to the China squadron in 1857.

She became a coal hulk at Portsmouth in March 1867 and was sold for breaking up in 1884 to Castle, of Charlton.
Archi (Hindu goddess)
Archi (Sanskrit: अर्ची, Arcī, lit. "adored") is a queen, and an earthly avatar of Lakshmi in Hindu mythology. According to the Bhagavata Purana, Archi emerges from Vena's body, along with her husband, King Prithu and each of them are an incarnation of Lakshmi and Vishnu, respectively.

As consort, she followed her husband into the forest for sannyasa. When he died, she dutifully self-immolates herself on his funeral pyre:

the Queen executed the necessary funerary functions and offered oblations of water. After bathing in the river, she offered obeisances to various demigods situated in the sky in the different planetary systems. She then circumambulated the fire and, while thinking of the lotus feet of her husband, entered its flames.— Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (Bhāgavata Purāṇa) (Canto 4, Chapter 23, verse 22)

Hindu mythology
Hindu mythology refers to the collection of myths associated with Hinduism, derived from various Hindu texts and traditions. These myths are found in sacred texts such as the Vedas, the Itihasas (the Mahabharata and the Ramayana), and the Puranas. They also appear in regional and ethnolinguistic texts, including the Bengali Mangal Kavya and the Tamil Periya Puranam and Divya Prabandham. Additionally, Hindu myths are also found in widely translated fables like the Panchatantra and the Hitopadesha, as well as in Southeast Asian texts influenced by Hindu traditions.