hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whispering campaign
A whispering campaign or whisper campaign is a method of persuasion in which damaging rumors or innuendo are spread about the target, while the source of the rumors seeks to avoid being detected while they are spread. For example, a political campaign might distribute anonymous flyers attacking the other candidate. The tactic is generally considered unethical in open societies, particularly in matters of public policy. The speed and the anonymity of communication made possible by modern technologies like the Internet have increased public awareness of whisper campaigns and their ability to succeed. The phenomenon has also led to the failure of whisper campaigns, as those seeking to prevent them can publicize their existence much more readily than in the past. Whisper campaigns are defended in some circles as an efficient mechanism for underdogs who lack other resources to disclose wrongdoings of the powerful without repercussions.

Open society
Open society (French: société ouverte) is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in 1932, and describes a dynamic system inclined to moral universalism. Bergson contrasted an open society with what he called a closed society, a closed system of law, morality or religion. Bergson suggests that if all traces of civilization were to disappear, the instincts of the closed society for including or excluding others would remain.

The idea of an open society was further developed during World War II by the Austrian-born Jewish philosopher Karl Popper. Popper saw it as part of a historical continuum reaching from the organic, tribal, or closed society, through the open society (marked by a critical attitude to tradition) to the abstract or depersonalized society lacking all face-to-face interaction transactions.
2024 Polish Open
The 2024 Polish Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and second as a WTA 125 event which is also part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place at the Legia Tennis Centre in Warsaw, Poland between 22 and 28 July 2024 after the previous editions had been held in Grodzisk Mazowiecki.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
Araklıspor
Araklıspor is a professional Turkish football club located in the Araklı district of Trabzon. The club was formed in 1961. The club colours are black and green. Araklıspor play their home matches at Araklı Stadium.

Araklı
Araklı (from Greek "Ηράκλεια" - Erakleia) is a municipality and district of Trabzon Province, Turkey. Its area is 464 km2, and its population is 48,581 (2022). The mayor is Recep Çebi (AKP). It is also claimed that the name "Araklı" is derived from 'Arakale', "the castle in the middle" in Turkish.
Tim Moore (singer-songwriter)
Tim Moore (December 31, 1949) is an American pop singer and songwriter who recorded four albums for Asylum Records in the 1970s. Moore's songs were praised by critics and admired by a diverse range of peers including Keith Richards, Jimmy Webb, James Taylor and Michael McDonald.

Maxine Nightingale
Maxine Nightingale (born 2 November 1952) is a British R&B and soul music singer. She is best known for singing hits in the 1970s, with the million seller "Right Back Where We Started From" (1975, UK No. 8 & 1976, U.S. No. 2), "Love Hit Me" (1977), and "Lead Me On" (1979).
Gilgarran Branch
The Gilgarran Branch (occasionally referred to as the Gilgarron Branch) was a 7-mile-32-chain-long (11.9 km) single track railway line connecting four separate railway companies in the former county of Cumberland, now part of Cumbria, England.

Parton railway station
Parton railway station is a railway station serving the village of Parton in Cumbria, England. It is on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs between Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Immediately north and south of Parton, the line runs almost on the seashore, at the foot of cliffs which require supervision and occasional stabilisation to prevent landslides. Sea erosion is also a danger, and 15 m.p.h speed restrictions are in force over much of the section between here and Harrington, which is restricted to a single line.

There was a signal box immediately to the north of the station that formerly controlled this section, but this was closed and demolished due to its deteriorating condition in May 2010 (control passing to the adjacent box at Whitehaven Bransty).
Androgeus (Aeneid)
In Virgil's Aeneid, Androgeos or Androgeus (Ancient Greek: Ἀνδρόγεως, romanized: Androgeōs; derived from andros "of a man" and geos, genitive gē "earth, land") was a Greek soldier, who during the sack of Troy in the middle of the night mistook Aeneas and his group of Trojan defenders for a Greek raiding party, paying for this mistake with his life. Afterwards, Aeneas's companion Coroebus dressed in Androgeos's armor in order to fool more Greek soldiers to their demise, only to be the first among Aeneas's disguised group to die.

Achaeans (Homer)
The Achaeans or Akhaians (/əˈkiːənz/; Ancient Greek: Ἀχαιοί, romanized: Akhaioí, "the Achaeans" or "of Achaea") is one of the names in Homer which is used to refer to the Greeks collectively.

The term "Achaean" is believed to be related to the Hittite term Ahhiyawa and the Egyptian term Ekwesh which appear in texts from the Late Bronze Age and are believed to refer to the Mycenaean civilization or some part of it.

In the historical period, the term fell into disuse as a general term for Greek people, and was generally reserved for inhabitants of the region of Achaea, a region in the north-central part of the Peloponnese. The city-states of this region later formed a confederation known as the Achaean League, which was influential during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.
Wells High School
Wells High School is a public school located in Wells, Maine, United States. It has an enrollment of 423 students in grades 9 through 12.   The school primarily serves students from Wells, as well as smaller numbers of students from Ogunquit, which was part of the town of Wells until 1980 and has never had its own high school. From 1968 until 2006, Wells High School also served students from the town of Acton, which has also never had a high school of its own.

For the 2013–2014 school year, Wells High School had a graduation rate of 100% — the highest graduation rate of any public high school in Maine. It is ranked 26th in best high schools in Maine, according to U.S. News & World Report. The Maine Department of Education also ranks Wells High School in the top 10 statewide, and #1 in York County.

Wells High School is the sole high school in the Wells-Ogunquit Community School District, and is also home to the district's adult education and distance education programs.

Acton, Maine
Acton is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,671 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Acton, Miller Corner and South Acton. The town is home to the Acton Fairground, which holds the Acton Fair every late summer. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area.
Newark Castle, Selkirkshire
Newark Tower is a large, ruined tower house standing in the grounds of Bowhill House, in the valley of the Yarrow Water three miles west of Selkirk in the Scottish Borders. In addition to the keep, sections of a gatehouse and wall survive. It has been designated a scheduled monument by Historic Environment Scotland.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Thomas Brownhill
Thomas Brownhill (10 October 1838 – 6 January 1915) was an English cricketer, who played fourteen matches for Sheffield and Yorkshire from 1862 to 1871.

Born in Ecclesfield, Sheffield, Yorkshire, England, Brownhill was a right-handed batsman, who scored 202 runs at 9.18 with a best of 25 against Surrey, against whom he played half his games.

He died, aged 76, in Wortley, West Yorkshire.

Sheffield Cricket Club
The Sheffield Cricket Club was founded in the 18th century and soon began to play a key role in the development of cricket in northern England. It was the direct forerunner of Yorkshire County Cricket Club and some of the teams fielded by Sheffield were styled Yorkshire. Sheffield generally held first-class status, depending on the quality of their opponents, from 1827 to 1855.
Felts Mills, New York
Felts Mills is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Rutland of Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 473 at the 2020 census. Felts Mills' original name was "Mid Road" because it is close to the halfway point between Watertown and Carthage.

Carthage, New York
Carthage is a village in the town of Wilna in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 3,236 at the 2020 census.
The village of Carthage is along the southern border of the town of Wilna and is east of Watertown.
Penstemon humilis
Penstemon humilis is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names low beardtongue and lowly beardtongue. It is native to the western United States.

This species is a woody perennial herb or subshrub growing up to 35 centimetres (14 in) tall. The basal leaves form a mat about the base of the plant. The flowers are narrowly tubular.

This species of Penstemon is found in sagebrush, in pinyon-juniper woodland habitat, and in mountain forests and tundra.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
1920 Texas gubernatorial election
The 1920 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1920 in order to elect the Governor of Texas. Former Democratic state representative Pat Morris Neff won comfortably in a four-way race against Republican nominee J. G. Culbertson, American Party of Texas nominee T. H. McGregor, and Black and Tan Republican nominee Hickerson Capers.

Pat Morris Neff
Pat Morris Neff (November 26, 1871 – January 20, 1952) was an American politician and educator who served as the 28th governor of Texas from 1921 to 1925. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the ninth president of Baylor University from 1932 to 1947 and the twenty-fifth president of the Southern Baptist Convention from 1944 to 1946. He served as Grand Master of Masons in Texas in 1946.
Together with Cliff Richard
Together with Cliff Richard is a Christmas album by Cliff Richard, released in November 1991. The album features Richard singing popular traditional Christmas songs, his Christmas hits from recent years and two original songs.

The album reached number 10 in the UK Albums Chart and number two in New Zealand. The singles differed between regions. In the UK, "We Should Be Together" reached  number 10 in the UK Singles Chart in the week of Christmas. It was followed by "This New Year", released just in time for the new year and made number 30. In Europe and New Zealand, Richard's cover of the 1950s standard "Scarlet Ribbons" was released as a single, reaching number 51 in Germany and  number 19 in New Zealand.

A companion video of the album with the same title was also released at the same time, featuring all 12 tracks from the album plus Richard's 1960 Christmas hit "I Love You". Each song was filmed on a different set in front of an audience.

Traditional pop
Traditional pop (also known as pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll and pop music in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great American Songbook". More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture and recorded by many artists.

AllMusic defines traditional pop as "post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music".
Randi Helseth
Randi Helseth (February 9, 1905 – September 24, 1991) was a Norwegian singer.

Helseth was born in Oslo. She made her debut in 1934 as a concert singer, and in 1938 as an opera singer. Helseth was associated with the National Theatre in Oslo, the National Theater in Bergen, and the Norwegian National Opera, and she performed as a soloist both in Norway and abroad, including the United States. She taught the soprano Solveig Kringlebotn.

Helseth won the Norwegian Music Critics Award for 1949/1950. In May 2000, a bust of Helseth  by Nina Sundbye was unveiled in Ås.

Nina Sundbye
Nina Sundbye (born 4 August 1944) is a Norwegian sculptor, born in Oslo. Her debut was a bust of illustrator Finn Graff from 1967. Among her other works is a bronze statue of Aasta Hansteen placed at Aker Brygge, and busts of resistance fighter Gregers Gram and comedians Leif Juster and Per Aabel, all located in Oslo. Sundbye is represented at the Norwegian Museum of Contemporary Art with the sculptures Operapar from 1971 and Klovn from 1978.

She was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 2007.
May, in the Regent's Park
May, in the Regent's Park is an 1851 landscape painting by the British artist Charles Allston Collins. The picture features a view of Regent's Park in London during the Spring. It was likely painted from the window of the artist's family home at Hanover Terrace. The title may refer both to the season of the year and the hawthorn blossom, often known as May Tree, visible on the left.

The son of the painter William Collins and younger brother of the novelist Wilkie Collins, he was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and produced this in the meticulous style associated with them. The picture was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1852 at the National Gallery in London, and was one of the first Pre-Raphaelite landscapes to be exhibited. Today it is in the collection of the Tate Britain in Pimlico, having been purchased in 1980.

Blossom
In botany, blossoms are the flowers of stone fruit trees (genus Prunus) and of some other plants with a similar appearance that flower profusely for a period of time in spring.

Colloquially, flowers of orange are referred to as such as well. Peach blossoms (including nectarine), most cherry blossoms, and some almond blossoms are usually pink. Plum blossoms, apple blossoms, orange blossoms, some cherry blossoms, and most almond blossoms are white in colour.

Blossoms provide pollen to pollinators such as bees, and initiate cross-pollination necessary for the trees to reproduce by producing fruit.
Mahatma Gandhi District, Houston
The Mahatma Gandhi District (popularly known as Harwin or occasionally Little India) is an ethnic enclave in Houston, Texas, United States, named after Mahatma Gandhi, consisting predominantly of Indian and Pakistani restaurants and shops and having a large South Asian population. The area is commonly referred to by locals as "Harwin," after Harwin Drive, a major thoroughfare which houses much of the Mahatma Gandhi district.

Houston Press
The Houston Press is an online newspaper published in Houston, Texas, United States. It is headquartered in the Midtown area. It was also a weekly print newspaper until November 2017.

The publication is supported entirely by advertising revenue and is free to readers. It reports a monthly readership of 1.6 million online users. Prior to the 2017 cessation of the print edition, the Press was found in restaurants, coffee houses, and local retail stores. New weekly editions were distributed on Thursdays.
Soctahoma Creek
Soctahoma Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi.

Soctahoma is a name derived from the Choctaw language meaning "red streambank; red hillside", a name which was descriptively applied to this stream on account of the red clay near its course.

Choctaw language
The Choctaw language (Choctaw: Chahta), spoken by the Choctaw, an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, US, is a member of the Muskogean language family. Chickasaw is a separate but closely related language to Choctaw.

The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma published the New Choctaw dictionary in 2016.
Charles Gray-Stack
Christianity portal

Charles Maurice Gray-Stack (1912–1985) was Dean of Ardfert and Chancellor of St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick from 1966 until his death.

Gray-Stack was born in Armagh, educated at Trinity College, Dublin and  ordained in 1939. He began his ecclesiastical career with  curacies at Eglish, Clonevan, Killarney and Rathkeale. He held incumbencies at Adare from 1953 to 1961; and at Kenmare from 1961.

Chancellor (ecclesiastical)
Chancellor is an ecclesiastical title used by several quite distinct officials of some Christian churches. In some churches, the chancellor of a diocese is a lawyer who represents the church in legal matters.
Federico Ardila
Federico Ardila (born 1977) is a Colombian mathematician and DJ who researches combinatorics and specializes in matroid theory. Ardila graduated from MIT with a B.Sc. in mathematics in 1998 and obtained a Ph.D. in 2003 under the supervision of Richard P. Stanley in the same institution. Ardila is currently a professor at the San Francisco State University and additionally holds an adjunct position at the University of Los Andes in Colombia. He will shift to QMUL in January 2026.

Matroid
In combinatorics, a matroid /ˈmeɪtrɔɪd/ is a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces. There are many equivalent ways to define a matroid axiomatically, the most significant being in terms of: independent sets; bases or circuits; rank functions; closure operators; and closed sets or flats. In the language of partially ordered sets, a finite simple matroid is equivalent to a geometric lattice.

Matroid theory borrows extensively from the terms used in both linear algebra and graph theory, largely because it is the abstraction of various notions of central importance in these fields. Matroids have found applications in geometry, topology, combinatorial optimization, network theory, and coding theory.
Albany Great Danes
The Albany Great Danes are the NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletic programs of the University at Albany, SUNY, located in Albany, New York, United States. A member of the America East Conference, the University at Albany, SUNY sponsors teams in eight men's and ten women's NCAA sanctioned sports. The football team is a member of the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference, and the women's golf team is an associate member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
Plaza Indonesia
Plaza Indonesia (originally Plaza Indonesia Shopping Center) is a shopping mall and mixed-use development located at Jalan M.H. Thamrin, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Opened in 1990, it is located at the corner of one of the landmarks of Jakarta, the Selamat Datang (Welcome) Monument. The mall is Jakarta's earliest luxury mall, housing multiply international luxury brands; some of them could not be find in other parts of Indonesia.

Aside from the shopping mall, the Plaza Indonesia complex consist of the high-end Grand Hyatt Jakarta and Keraton at the Plaza hotels, and an office building called The Plaza. The latter two were commenced in 2009. The Grand Hyatt was opened in 1991, a year after the shopping mall.

Plaza Indonesia is owned, developed, and managed by PT. Plaza Indonesia Realty Tbk. (PLIN) (formerly PT. Bimantara Eka Sentosa), a consortium between Sinar Mas Land, Hankyu Hanshin Holdings and other companies.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Fichte (surname)
Fichte is a German-language surname:

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), German philosopher

Hubert Fichte (1935–1986), German writer

Immanuel Hermann Fichte (1796–1879), German theologian and philosopher, son of Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.

Fichte is an important philosopher in his own right due to his original insights into the nature of self-consciousness or self-awareness. Fichte was also the originator of thesis–antithesis–synthesis, an idea that is often erroneously attributed to Hegel.

Like Descartes and Kant before him, Fichte was motivated by the problem of subjectivity and consciousness. Fichte also wrote works of political philosophy; he has a reputation as one of the fathers of German nationalism.