hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is a research institute of the Smithsonian Institution, concentrating on astrophysical studies including galactic and extragalactic astronomy, cosmology, solar, earth and planetary sciences, theory and instrumentation, using observations at wavelengths from the highest energy gamma rays to the radio, along with gravitational waves.  Established in Washington, D.C., in 1890, the SAO moved its headquarters in 1955 to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where its research is a collaboration with the Harvard College Observatory (HCO) and the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. In 1973, the Smithsonian and Harvard formalized the collaboration as the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) under a single Director.

Solar telescope
A solar telescope or a solar observatory is a special-purpose telescope used to observe the Sun. Solar telescopes usually detect light with wavelengths in, or not far outside, the visible spectrum. Obsolete names for Sun telescopes include heliograph and photoheliograph.
Neolamprologus mustax
Neolamprologus mustax is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika.  This species reaches a length of 9 centimetres (3.5 in) TL.  It can also be found in the aquarium trade. Individuals are yellow in color and thus resemble juveniles of another cichlid species, Variabilichromis moorii, which may provide N. mustax with greater access to V. moorii feeding territories.

Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; Kirundi: Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) is an African Great Lake. It is the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It is also the 6th largest lake by area. The lake is shared among four countries—Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Burundi, and Zambia—with Tanzania (46%) and the DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains via the Lukuga River into the Congo River system, which ultimately discharges at Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo into the Atlantic Ocean.
Black-legged dacnis
The black-legged dacnis (Dacnis nigripes) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae.
It is native to the serra do Mar coastal forests.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
Aweer language
Aweer (Aweera), also known as Boni (Bon, Bonta), is a Cushitic language of Eastern Kenya. The Aweer people, known by the arguably derogatory exonym Boni, are historically a hunter-gatherer people, traditionally subsisting on hunting, gathering, and collecting honey. Their ancestral lands range along the Kenyan coast from the Lamu and Ijara Districts into Southern Somalia's Badaade District.

According to Ethnologue, there are around 8,000 speakers of Aweer. Aweer has similarities with the Garre language, however, its speakers are distinct in culture and appearance from Garre speakers.

Cushitic languages
The Cushitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken primarily in the Horn of Africa, with minorities speaking Cushitic languages to the north in Egypt and Sudan, and to the south in Kenya and Tanzania. As of 2012, the Cushitic languages with over one million speakers were Oromo, Somali, Beja, Afar, Hadiyya, Kambaata, and Sidama.
Hoehnelomycetaceae
The Hoehnelomycetaceae are a family of fungi in the order Atractiellales. The family currently contains three genera and ten species. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are minute and ether stilboid (pin-shaped) or pycnidioid (flask-shaped). Microscopically they produce auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia. The type genus, Hoehnelomyces, is a synonym of Atractiella. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that the Hoehnelomycetaceae are monophyletic (a natural grouping). The family has a worldwide distribution.

Atractiellomycetes
The Atractiellomycetes are class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, the Atractiellales, which contains 3 families, 10 genera, and 58 species.
Feet in the Clouds
Feet in the Clouds: a tale of fell-running and obsession is a cult 2004 fell running book by British journalist and author Richard Askwith. The book was shortlisted for the William Hill Sports Book of the Year and the Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature. It also won Askwith the Best New Writer prize at the British Sports Book Awards.

It was first published by Aurum Press in 2004, and reprinted in 2005. A new edition was released by Aurum in 2013, with an introduction by Robert Macfarlane.

Robert Macfarlane (writer)
Robert Macfarlane (born 15 August 1976) is a British writer and Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

He is best known for his books on landscape, nature, place, people and language, which include The Old Ways (2012), Landmarks (2015), The Lost Words (2017), Underland (2019) and Is a River Alive? (2025). In 2017 he received The E. M. Forster Award for Literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He is married to professor of modern Chinese history and literature Julia Lovell.

In 2022 and 2024, Macfarlane was named as an outside contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Prize in those years was won by Annie Ernaux and Han Kang respectively.
Bikuli, Kapilvastu
Bikuli is a small village in the Kapilvastu Municipality, ward number 10 in the Kapilvastu District of western Nepal. The village was named Bikuli because there were no water sources (Kulo) for irrigation in that village and hence meaning is without canals. Bikuli was a new version of Bekulo ('Be' stands for 'not' and 'Kulo' stands for 'canals').

The village is situated 8 km north of the district capital, Taulihawa and 8.5 km north of the Tilaurakot, the proper kapilvastu, where Lord Gautam Buddha is said to have been born and grown up. The village is 12 km south from the East-West Highway of Nepal. The village lies on the bank of the largest man-made lake in Asia, Jagdishpur Reservoir. The reservoir was constructed for the collection of river water for the irrigation of the southern belt of the Kapilvastu District during the dry season.

More than 70%  people in Bikuli are educated. The major occupation of people in this village is agricultural activities.

Jagdishpur Reservoir
The Jagdishpur Reservoir is a reservoir in Jahadi Village Development Committee, Kapilvastu District, Nepal which was named after Er. Jagadish Jha who designed and supervised the construction of Banaganga dam. With a surface area of 225 ha (2.25 km2),
it is the largest reservoir in the country and an important wetland site. It is situated at an altitude of 197 m (646 ft). The maximum water depth varies between 2 m (6.6 ft) in the dry season and 7 m (23 ft) in the monsoon season.

The Jagdishpur Reservoir is listed on the List of Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention.
Joji Yamamoto
Joji Yamamoto (born 20 September 1962) is a Japanese politician, journalist and care worker. He is a member of the House of Representatives and a former member of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly.

As a social activist, he serves as a director of the rehabilitation and protection corporation "Doho-kai," a steering committee member of the "Life Reconstruction Counseling Center" of the Prisoner Support Organization, and a director of the Tokyo Rehabilitation and Protection Employment Support Providers Organization.

After his election in the 2026 general election, he was appointed secretary general of the Reiwa Shinsengumi.

Rehabilitation (penology)
Rehabilitation is the process of re-educating criminal offenders and preparing them to re-enter society. The goal is to address the underlying root causes of crime in order to prevent recidivism once inmates are released from prison. It generally involves psychological approaches which target the cognitive distortions associated with specific kinds of crime committed by individual offenders, but it may also entail more general education like reading skills and career training.
Solar eclipse of November 25, 2030
A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, November 25, 2030, with a magnitude of 1.0468. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 14 hours before perigee (on November 25, 2030, at 21:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

Totality will be visible in Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, and Australia. A partial eclipse will be visible for much of Central and Southern Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and Indonesia.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Jameh Mosque of Nishapur
The Jāmeh Mosque of Nishapur (Persian: مسجد جامع نیشابور, romanized: Masjid-e-Jāmeh Neyshābur; Arabic: الجامع الكبير نيسابور) is a Friday mosque (jāmeh) located  in Nishapur, in the province of Razavi Khorasan, Iran. The mosque supports worship in both the Sunni and Shi'ite traditions.

The mosque was founded by Pahlavan Ali Karkhi in 1493 CE during the rule of Husayn Bayqarah of the Timurid dynasty, and was rebuilt during the reign of Abbas the Great, the Safavid Shah of Persia. The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 12 November 1938, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Timurid dynasty
The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani, was the ruling dynasty of the Timurid Empire (1370–1507). It was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or Barlās clan of Turco-Mongol origin descended from the warlord Timur (also known as Tamerlane). The word "Gurkani" derives from Gurkân (گورکان)—a Persianized form of the Mongolian word kürgen, meaning 'son-in-law'. This was an honorific title used by the dynasty as the Timurids were in-laws of the line of Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, as Timur had married Saray Mulk Khanum, a direct descendant of Genghis Khan. Members of the Timurid dynasty signaled the Timurid Renaissance, and they were strongly influenced by Persian culture and established two significant empires in history, the Timurid Empire (1370–1507) based in Persia and Central Asia, and the Mughal Empire (1526–1857) based in the Indian subcontinent.
2015 Aegon Classic
The 2015 Aegon Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 34th edition of the event, and the second edition of the event as a Premier tournament on the 2015 WTA Tour. It took place at the Edgbaston Priory Club in Birmingham, United Kingdom, from 15 June until 21 June 2015. Fourth-seeded Angelique Kerber won the singles title.

Sabine Lisicki set the WTA Tour record for the most aces hit in a women's singles match at this tournament, hitting 27 aces in her second-round win over Belinda Bencic on 17 June 2015.

Edgbaston Priory Club
The Edgbaston Priory Club is a private members' tennis, squash and leisure club in Birmingham, England. The club is the host of the annual WTA Tour stop, the Rothesay Classic.  The 'Ann Jones Court' stadium has a capacity of 2,500 people (1,000 permanent and 1,500 temporary).

The club has a fitness suite and class studio, a bar and bistro area, indoor and outdoor pools, 30+ tennis courts and 10 squash courts. It is considered one of the premier racquets clubs in the UK.
Lucy
Lucy is an English feminine given name derived from the Latin masculine given name Lucius with the meaning as of light (born at dawn or daylight, maybe also shiny, or of light complexion). Alternative spellings are Luci and Lucie.

The English Lucy surname is taken from the Norman language that was Latin-based and derives from place names in Normandy based on the Latin male personal name Lucius. It was transmitted to England after the Norman Conquest in the 11th century (see also De Lucy).

Lucy Davis
Lucy Clare Davis (born 17 February 1973) is an English actress known for playing Dawn Tinsley in the BBC comedy The Office (2001–2003), Hilda Spellman in the Netflix series The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2018–2020), Dianne in the Comedy horror Shaun of the Dead (2004), and Etta Candy in Wonder Woman (2017). She played Eva in Disney Channel's action comedy series The Villains of Valley View (2022–2023).
Tamgha-i-Jurat
Tamgha-i-Jurat (Urdu: تمغہِ جرأت, lit. 'Medal of Courage'), is the fourth highest military award of Pakistan. This citation is awarded for extraordinary heroism while engaged in armed combat with an opposing force on Pakistan soil or outside its borders. The  award was established in 1957 after Pakistan became a republic, however, it was instituted retrospectively back to 1947. This medal is awarded for various types of high risk tactical missions like combat, tactical reconnaissance and infiltration and can be bestowed upon all ranks, commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers, in the Pakistan Army, Navy, Air Force, and the paramilitary Civil Armed Forces such as the Frontier Corps, the Frontier Constabulary and the Pakistan Rangers. Ranked below the Sitara-i-Jurat on the order of precedence, the Tamgha-i-Jurat is the equivalent to the Military Cross in the U.K Commonwealth honours system and the Silver Star in the United States honours system.

Combat
Combat is a purposeful violent conflict between multiple combatants with the intent to harm the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is resorted to either as a method of self-defense or to impose one's will upon others. An instance of combat can be a standalone confrontation or part of a wider conflict, and its scale can range from a fight between individuals to a war between organized groups. Combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat.

Combat may comply with, or be in violation of, local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess of Queensberry Rules (covering boxing), and the individual rulesets of various combat sports.
Marc Herter
Marc Herter (born June 6, 1974 in Hagen) is a German politician of SPD. After he finished school at Beisenkamp-Gymnasium in Hamm, he studied German law at University of Münster. Since 1991 he became member of political party SPD. From 2010 to 2020 Herter was member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia. Since 2020, Herter has been mayor of Hamm. His partner is the German teacher Sascha Ramsel.

Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
The Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia is the state parliament (Landtag) of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which convenes in the state capital of Düsseldorf, in the eastern part of the district of Hafen. The parliament is the central legislative body in the political system of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition to the passage of laws, its most important tasks are the election of the Minister-President of the state and the administration of the government. The current government is a coalition of the CDU and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Hendrik Wüst since June 2022.

The most recent state election took place on 15 May 2022.
2013 Morocco Tennis Tour – Tanger
The 2013 Morocco Tennis Tour – Tanger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tangier, Morocco between 17 and 22 June 2013.

Yassine Idmbarek
Yassine Idmbarek (born 7 December 1986) is a Moroccan tennis player.

Idmbarek has a career high ATP singles ranking of 659 achieved on 18 January 2016. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 641 achieved on 19 October 2009.

Idmbarek made his ATP main draw debut at the 2012 Grand Prix Hassan II in the singles draw. Idmbarek represents Morocco in the Davis Cup.
Jiří Hanzl
Jiří Hanzl (born 4 August 1951 in Benešov) is a Czech former handball player who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

In 1976 he was part of the Czechoslovak team which finished seventh in the Olympic tournament. He played all five matches and scored 18 goals.

Benešov
Benešov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbɛnɛʃof]; German: Beneschau) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 17,000 inhabitants. The town is known for the Konopiště Castle.
Yoita Domain
Yoita Domain (与板藩, Yoita-han) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.   It was located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Yoita Jin'ya, located in what is now part of the city of Nagaoka in Niigata Prefecture.

Fudai daimyō
Fudai daimyō (譜代大名) was a class of daimyō (大名) in the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府) of Japan who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara. Fudai daimyō and their descendants filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration in opposition to the tozama daimyō and held most of the power in Japan during the Edo period.
Rogaland Radio
Rogaland Radio is a coast radio station in Sola, Norway. Operated by Telenor Maritim Radio, it has the responsibility for the coast between Søgne and Sognefjord. Established in 1960, it was originally located in Sandnes. It has since 2003 been jointly located with the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre of Southern Norway. It is responsible for transmitting maritime safety information via Navtex in Southern Norway.

Sognefjord
The Sognefjord or Sognefjorden (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɔ̂ŋnəˌfjuːɳ], English: Sogn Fjord), nicknamed the King of the Fjords (Norwegian: Fjordenes konge), is the longest and deepest fjord in Norway. Located in Vestland county in Western Norway, it stretches 205 kilometres (127 mi) inland from the ocean to the small village of Skjolden in Luster Municipality.

The fjord gives its name to the surrounding district of Sogn. The name is related to Norwegian word súg- "to suck",  presumably from the surge or suction of the tidal currents at the mouth of the fjord.
Desulfuromonadales
The Desulfuromonadales are an order within the Thermodesulfobacteriota. Various members of the Desulfomonadales are capable of anaerobic respiration utilizing a variety of compounds as electron acceptors, including sulfur, Mn(IV), Fe(III), nitrate, Co(III), Tc(VII), U(VI) and trichloroacetic acid

Trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA; TCAA; also known as trichloroethanoic acid) is an analogue of acetic acid in which the three hydrogen atoms of the methyl group have all been replaced by chlorine atoms. Salts and esters of trichloroacetic acid are called trichloroacetates.
2012 UFL Cup
The 2012 United Football League Cup was the fourth edition of the United Football League Cup that ran from September 15 to December 17, 2012. This edition consisted of 28 teams which separated into four groups of five.

Starting this edition, there were 2 stages in the competition. The first stage competed between UFL Division 2 teams and guest teams, while the second stage included UFL Division 1 teams. The top 10 teams of the Cup moved to the knockout stage of the 2013 PFF National Men's Club Championship.

Philippine Air Force were the defending champions.

On December 17, 2012, Stallion defeated Global with a 2–1 scoreline to win their first ever UFL Cup.

Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; Filipino: Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an offset of UTC+08:00, but used daylight saving time for brief periods in November 1, 1936 until September 20, 1978.
National Council for Vocational Education and Training
National Council for Vocational Education and Training is an autonomous, non-statutory and regulatory body under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship for monitoring the institutions engaged in providing short term and long term educational training in vocational education and designing the basic standards required for operations of such institutions. The chairman and two executive and non executive members will be appointed by a committee consisting of Prime Minister of India, home minister, finance minister, agriculture minister and minister for rural development who are part of Cabinet Committee on Employment and Skill Development. The National Council for Vocational Education and Training will be controlling authority of institutions imparting education and training to 15 million students each year.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.