hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Secretariat Building, Chandigarh
Secretariat Building is a Le Corbusier-designed building in Chandigarh completed in 1953 to house the offices of the Chief Secretary of the Indian state of East Punjab. Since the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 split East Punjab into Haryana and Punjab, Chandigarh has been the capital of both states and the Secretariat Building is shared by their respective Chief Secretaries.

The Secretariat Building is one of three buildings and three monuments in the Chandigarh Capitol Complex, which is one of 17 sites dubbed "The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier" inscribed in July 2016 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Chief secretary (India)
The Chief Secretary is the highest-ranking executive official and civil servant of the government of an Indian state. The Chief Secretary is the ex-officio head of the state Civil Services Board, the State Secretariat, the state cadre Indian Administrative Service and all civil services under the rules of business of the state government. The Chief Secretary acts as the principal advisor to the chief minister on all matters of state administration.

The Chief Secretary is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service. The Chief Secretary is the senior-most cadre post in the state administration, ranking 23rd on the Indian order of precedence. The Chief Secretary acts as an ex-officio secretary to the state cabinet, therefore called "Secretary to the Cabinet". The status of this post is equal to that of a Secretary to the Government of India.
Postage stamps and postal history of South Africa
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of South Africa.

The Republic of South Africa, previously The Union of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an Independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.

Orange River Colony
The Orange River Colony was the British colony created after Britain first occupied (1900) and then annexed (1902) the independent Orange Free State in the Second Boer War. The colony ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province.
Vaathi (soundtrack)
Vaathi is the soundtrack album to the 2023 period action drama film of the same name directed by Venky Atluri and produced by Sithara Entertainments, Fortune Four Cinemas and Srikara Studios, starring Dhanush and Samyuktha. The film's music is composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar and featured six songs written by Dhanush, Yugabharathi and Arivu. The Telugu version Sir has six songs written by Ramajogayya Sastry, Suddala Ashok Teja and Pranav Chaganty.

The album was preceded by two singles in Tamil and Telugu, and the soundtrack for Vaathi was launched on 3 February 2023, while the soundtrack for Sir was launched a week later. Prakash won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction – Songs for his work in Tamil.

Suddala Ashok Teja
Suddala Ashok Teja (born Gurram Ashok Teja; 4 April 1954) is an Indian poet and lyricist known for his work in Telugu cinema and Telugu literature. He has written lyrics for over 2200 songs. He won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics for the song "Nenu saitam" from Tagore (2004).

He was selected as a brand Ambassador of Swachh Bharat, only poet from two Telugu states.

He was awarded with a cash award of ₹1 crore at Telangana Formation Day celebrations in Parade Grounds, Secunderabad on 2 June 2025 for his contributions to the Telangana movement.
Rancho La Zaca
Rancho La Zaca was a 4,458-acre (18.04 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day central Santa Barbara County, California given in 1838 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to an indigenous man named Antonio.  The grant was located along Zaca Creek, north of Rancho Corral de Cuati and surrounded by Rancho La Laguna, east of the Santa Ynez Valley.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
Comunidade Remanescente de Quilombo Invernada dos Negros
The Invernada dos Negros Quilombo Remnant Community , or simply Invernada dos Negros , is a quilombo community recognized by Incra in 2008. It is located in the locality of Corredeira and Manoel Candido between the municipalities of Campos Novos and Abdon Batista in Santa Catarina . Previously recognized as quilombo territory by the Palmares Foundation on June 20, 2004.

The community faces territorial disputes with logging companies operating within its territory.

Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária
The Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA (National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform) is a federal government authority of the public administration of Brazil. INCRA administers the land reform issues.

Its headquarters is at Edifício Palácio do Desenvolvimento in the federal capital of Brasília.
Chuck Sabo
Chuck Sabo is an American drummer, musical director, songwriter, and producer who has performed and recorded with prominent artists including XTC, Natalie Imbruglia, Elton John, Tom Jones, Chaka Khan, Bryan Adams, Cher, Tina Turner, Pet Shop Boys, Billy Preston, Roy Orbison, Terence Trent D'Arby, Seal, Right Said Fred, Shakespear's Sister, Take That, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), 808 State, Tashan, Belinda Carlisle, Kiki Dee, Étienne Daho, Axel Bauer and Michel Polnareff.

Chris Thomas (music producer)
Christopher P. Thomas (born 13 January 1947 in Perivale, Middlesex, England) is an English record producer who has worked extensively with the Beatles, Pink Floyd, Procol Harum, Roxy Music, Badfinger, Elton John, Paul McCartney, Pete Townshend, Pulp and the Pretenders. He has also produced breakthrough albums for the Sex Pistols, the Climax Blues Band, the Pretenders and INXS.
Henry Kay
Henry George Kay (3 October 1851 — 18 September 1922) was an English first-class cricketer.

Kay was born in October 1851 at Bedhampton, Hampshire, with his family having originally settled from Lincolnshire. He was educated at Cheltenham College. He played first-class cricket for Hampshire on two occasions in 1882, against Sussex and Somerset. He was unsuccessful in these matches, being dismissed for ducks in both. He was the father of the ballet dancer Anton Dolin. Kay died at Tottenham in September 1922.

Bedhampton
Bedhampton is a former village, and now suburb, located in the borough of Havant, Hampshire, England. It is located at the northern end of Langstone Harbour and at the foot of the eastern end of Portsdown Hill.

Early mentions of Bedhampton are recorded in the ninth century, and the village was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.

Modern Bedhampton has a railway station, with regular services to Portsmouth, Brighton, and London, and less frequent services to Southampton, Bristol, and South Wales. The A27 and the A3(M) pass through the south-west part of Bedhampton. There is a community centre in Bedhampton village which has two coffee mornings per week to address potential community isolation.
Battle for Height 958
Battle for Height 958, known in Ukrainian sources as the  Battle of Makivka (Ukrainian: Бої за Маківку) was a relatively small Russian operation to gain control over a height in the Beskids region of the Carpathian mountains. Usually overlooked in German and Austrian sources, the battle received significant coverage in Ukrainian literature because the bulk of Austrian troops in the battle were Ukrainians. The battle ended with the capture of the height, but the Russians could not develop a major offensive to the rear of the Austro-Hungarian forces.

Beskids
The Beskids or Beskid Mountains (Polish: Beskidy; Czech: Beskydy; Slovak: Beskydy; Rusyn: Бескиды, Beskydŷ; Ukrainian: Бескиди, Beskydy) are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east.

The highest mountain in the Beskids is Hoverla, at 2,061 m (6,762 ft).
Glangrwyney
Glangrwyney or Glangrwyne is a village 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Crickhowell in Powys, Wales. The village is where the Grwyne Fawr has its confluence with the River Usk, southeast of the Sugar Loaf and  at the junction of the road from Gilwern with the A40 trunk road. Glangrwyney is in the Vale of Grwyney Community for administrative purposes. The village is built upon the sands and gravels of a dissected alluvial fan which extends into the floodplain of the Usk, together with till derived from the former Usk Valley glacier.

Facilities in the village include a village hall and The Bell public house. The former army training camp of Cwrt y Gollen is on the western edge of the village.

The village's name was previously spelt as Llangrwyney or Llangrwyne.

Till
Till, or glacial till, is unsorted glacial sediment.

Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier. It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.

Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes.
Phil Eden
Philip Eden (born 13 December 1963) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played at club level for Wakefield Trinity, Halifax and Castleford, as a wing or centre.

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
Piscichnus
Piscichnus is an ichnogenus of representing trace fossils associated with fish activities.

Piscichnus is a large, plug-shaped trace fossil resembling foraging pits created by modern eagle rays. These fossils, found in shallow marine deposits, offer insights into the behavior and ecology of ancient fish.

Eagle ray
The eagle rays are a group of cartilaginous fishes in the family Myliobatidae, consisting mostly of large species living in the open ocean rather than on the sea bottom.

Eagle rays feed on mollusks and crustaceans, crushing their shells with their flattened teeth. They are excellent swimmers and are able to breach the water up to several meters above the surface. Compared with other rays, they have long tails and well-defined, rhomboidal bodies. They are ovoviviparous, giving birth to up to six young at a time. They range from 0.48 to 5.1 m (1.6 to 16.7 ft) in length and 7 m (23 ft) in wingspan.
East Side West Side (TV series)
East Side/West Side is an American drama series starring George C. Scott, Elizabeth Wilson, Cicely Tyson, and, later on, Linden Chiles. The series aired for one season (1963–1964), and was shown Monday nights on CBS.

Set in New York City, the show explored issues of urban life, some of them grim. Though it won critical praise, it also generated some controversy. TV Guide ranked it #6 on their 2013 list of 60 shows that were "Cancelled Too Soon".

David Susskind
David Howard Susskind (December 19, 1920 – February 22, 1987) was an American producer of TV, movies, and stage plays and also a TV talk show host. His talk shows were innovative in the genre and addressed timely, controversial topics beyond the scope of others of the day.
Kamionna, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Kamionna [kaˈmjɔnna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzciana, within Bochnia County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

In the course of the Josephine colonization Catholic and Lutheran Germans settled here in 1785.

Bochnia County
Bochnia County (Polish: powiat bocheński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bochnia, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków. The only other town in the county is Nowy Wiśnicz, lying 8 km (5 mi) south of Bochnia.

The county covers an area of 649.28 square kilometres (250.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 106,626, out of which the population of Bochnia is 29,814, that of Nowy Wiśnicz is 2,757, and the rural population is 74,055.
2008 Pacific Rugby Cup
The IRB Pacific Rugby Cup 2008 was the third edition of the Pacific Rugby Cup competition.  First held in 2006, the 2008 edition, like its predecessors, featured 6 representative rugby union football teams; 2 from each of the three Pacific rugby unions - Fiji, Samoa and Tonga.

Tautahi Gold beat Upolu Samoa 11 points to 3 in the grand final match to win the Pacific Rugby Cup for 2008, becoming the first Tongan team, and the first team outside of Samoa, to win the trophy.

Rugby union in Fiji
Rugby union is the most popular sport in Fiji. It is considered to be the national sport of the country. The sport was introduced to Fiji in the 1880s. Fiji is defined as a tier two rugby nation by World Rugby. The national team has competed at the Rugby World Cup and made it as far as the quarter-finals. Their sevens team is also noted for their success, winning multiple Olympic gold medals, World Rugby Sevens Series and Rugby World Cup Sevens.
Martingale pricing
Martingale pricing is a pricing approach based on the notions of martingale and risk neutrality. The martingale pricing approach is a cornerstone of modern quantitative finance and can be applied to a variety of derivatives contracts, e.g. options, futures, interest rate derivatives, credit derivatives, etc.

In contrast to the PDE approach to pricing, martingale pricing formulae are in the form of expectations which can be efficiently solved numerically using a Monte Carlo approach. As such, martingale pricing is preferred when valuing high-dimensional contracts such as a basket of options. On the other hand, valuing American-style contracts is troublesome and requires discretizing the problem (making it like a Bermudan option) and only in 2001 F. A. Longstaff and E. S. Schwartz developed a practical Monte Carlo method for pricing American options.

Interest rate derivative
In finance, an interest rate derivative (IRD) is a derivative whose payments are determined through calculation techniques where the underlying benchmark product is an interest rate, or set of different interest rates. There are a multitude of different interest rate indices that can be used in this definition.

IRDs are popular with all financial market participants given the need for almost any area of finance to either hedge or speculate on the movement of interest rates.

Modeling of interest rate derivatives is usually done on a time-dependent multi-dimensional lattice ("tree") or using specialized simulation models. Both are calibrated to the underlying risk drivers, usually domestic or foreign short rates and foreign exchange market rates, and incorporate delivery- and day count conventions. The Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework is often used instead of short rates.
Hockley (surname)
Hockley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cal Hockley (1931–2020), Canadian ice hockey player

Debbie Hockley (born 1972), former New Zealand cricketer

Fred Hockley (1923–1945), English fighter pilot

George Washington Hockley (1802–1852), Texas revolutionary

James Hockley (born 1979), English cricketer

Matthew Hockley (born 1982), English footballer

Wayne Hockley (born 1978), English former professional footballer

Fictional characters:

Caledon Hockley, a fictional character in Titanic

Cal Hockley
Francis Steward "Cal" Hockley (March 21, 1931 – December 10, 2020)  was a Canadian ice hockey player with the Trail Smoke Eaters. He was the captain of the gold medal winning team at the 1961 World Ice Hockey Championships in Switzerland.
Melon heads
In the American folklore of Ohio, Michigan and Connecticut, melon heads are beings generally described as large-headed humanoids with bulbous large craniums who occasionally emerge from hiding places to attack people. Different variations of the legend attribute different origins to the entities.

Newtown, Connecticut
Newtown (/ˈnutaʊn/ NOO-town) is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is part of the Greater Danbury area as well as the New York metropolitan area. Newtown was founded in 1705, and later incorporated in 1711. As of the 2020 census, its population was 27,173. The town is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region.
Carr Waller Pritchett Sr.
Carr Waller Pritchett Sr. (1823–1910) was an American educator and astronomer. He served briefly as president of Central College just before the American Civil War. He then became the first president of Pritchett School Institute in Glasgow, Missouri, after the war, and he was the first director of the Morrison Observatory, also in Glasgow. (The observatory was moved to Fayette, Missouri, in the early 1930s).

C. W. Pritchett was born on September 4, 1823, in Henry County, Virginia; the oldest of ten children to Henry Pritchett and Martha Myra Waller. The family moved in 1835 first to St. Charles, Missouri and then to eastern Warren County, Missouri. At the age of 21 he attended St. Charles College (the first Protestant College west of the Mississippi River); in 1844 he began teaching and in 1846 became what was then known as a licentiate of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. (The equivalent of an ordained minister in today's United Methodist Church).

Glasgow, Missouri
Glasgow is a city on the Missouri River mostly in northwest Howard County and extending into the southeast corner of Chariton County in Missouri, United States. The population was 1,087 at the 2020 census.

The Howard County portion of Glasgow is part of the Columbia, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bloomington Old Town Hall
Bloomington Old Town Hall, located at 10200 Penn Avenue South in Hennepin County, Bloomington, Minnesota, was built in 1892 and is designated as a Class I historic site by the City of Bloomington. It originally housed the Bloomington Town Board, then later the Village Council and eventually the Bloomington City Council as well as the city offices of Bloomington until 1964. Today, the "Old Town Hall" functions as a museum for the Bloomington Historical Society, offering tours that display settlement-era artifacts, military artifacts, and exhibits highlighting important events of Bloomington history.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
Stacja Wieżyca
Stacja Wieżyca [ˈstat͡sʲja vʲjɛˈʐɨt͡sa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Somonino, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Polish: powiat kartuski; Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat) is a county in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with administrative seat and largest town being Kartuzy.

It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The only other town in the county is Żukowo. The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 137,942, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 14,536, that of Żukowo is 6,691, and the rural population is 116,715.

Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.
Yokefleet
Yokefleet (also known as Yorkfleet) is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Blacktoft, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. A very small part of Yokefleet is in the civil parish of Laxton. It is situated on the north bank of the River Ouse, downstream from York, Selby and Goole. In 1931 the parish had a population of 102.

Yokefleet is approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) south-east from Howden and 20 miles (32 km) south-east from the county town of York. Yokefleet lies within the Parliamentary constituency of Goole and Pocklington.

Yokefleet Hall is a Grade II listed mansion house of Victorian design by architect Cuthbert Brodrick. The hall is on the eastern edge of the hamlet and the current house was built between 1868 and 1874 according to the York Georgian Society.

Selby
Selby is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 12 miles (19.3 km) south of York on the River Ouse. At the 2021 Census, it had a population of 17,193.

The town grew around Selby Abbey, a former Benedictine house whose surviving church is nationally protected. Historic records indicate that Henry I of England was born in the town.

The town was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and was transferred to the new county of North Yorkshire in 1974.  From 1974 until 2023 it was the administrative centre of the Selby District. Local government is now provided by North Yorkshire Council, a unitary authority.

Selby once had a large shipbuilding industry, and was an important port on the Selby Canal, which brought trade from Leeds.
Gonzalo Garavano
Gonzalo Garavano (born 26 November 1982) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He played for Olmedo in the Ecuadorian Serie A.
Garavano has played for Estrela da Amadora in Portugal. Garavano had a spell in the lower leagues of Italian football with U.S. Ragusa and U.S. Paolana. He has also played for Alianza F.C. in El Salvador, AC Mineros de Guayana in Venezuela, Coquimbo Unido in Chile, Nacional Potosi in Bolivia, and Perlis FA in the Malaysia Premier League.

Coquimbo Unido
Coquimbo Unido is a Chilean football club based in the city of Coquimbo. The club was founded in 1958 and has played in the Chilean Primera División since being promoted in 2022. Their home games are played at the Estadio Municipal Francisco Sánchez Rumoroso, which has a capacity of approximately 18,750 seats.