hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GMC (automobile)
GMC (formerly the General Motors Truck Company [1911–1943], or the GMC Truck & Coach Division [1943–1998]) is a division of American automotive manufacturer General Motors (GM) for trucks and utility vehicles. GMC currently makes SUVs, pickup trucks, vans, and light-duty trucks. In the past, GMC also produced fire trucks, ambulances, heavy-duty trucks, military vehicles, motorhomes, transit buses, and medium duty trucks.

While many of their vehicles are mechanically similar, GMC is positioned as a premium offering to the mainstream Chevrolet brand, and includes the luxury trim Denali. In North America, GMC vehicles are almost always sold alongside Buick (another premium brand) vehicles at multi-brand dealerships.

Truck classification
Truck classifications are typically based upon the maximum loaded weight of the truck, typically using the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and sometimes also the gross trailer weight rating (GTWR), and can vary among jurisdictions.
Brent Staples
Brent Staples (born 1951) is an American author and member of the editorial board of The New York Times, where he specializes in coverage of education, criminal justice and economics. His books include An American Love Story and Parallel Time: Growing up In Black and White. He writes about political, social and cultural issues, including race and the state of the American school system.

His memoir Parallel Time was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and winner of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award. He won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing and is a fellow of the Society of American Historians. He has also been a visiting fellow at several academic institutions.

Society of American Historians
The Society of American Historians, founded in 1939,promotes and celecbrates literary excellence in the writing of American history and biography. Its roughly 300 members consist of professional historians, independent scholars, journalists, filmmakers, documentarians, novelists, poets, and biographers —all chosen for their outstanding literary merit and intellectual rigor in presenting American history.
Webbed foot
The webbed foot is a specialized limb with interdigital membranes (webbings) that aids in aquatic locomotion, present in a variety of tetrapod vertebrates. This adaptation is primarily found in semiaquatic species, and has convergently evolved many times across vertebrate taxa.

It likely arose from mutations in developmental genes that normally cause tissue between the digits to apoptose. These mutations were beneficial to many semiaquatic animals because the increased surface area from the webbing allowed for more swimming propulsion and swimming efficiency, especially in surface swimmers. The webbed foot also has enabled other novel behaviors like escape responses and mating behaviors. A webbed foot may also be called a paddle to contrast it from a more hydrofoil-like flipper.

Semiaquatic
In biology, being semiaquatic refers to various macro-organisms that live regularly in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. When referring to animals, the term describes those that actively spend part of their daily time in water (in which case they can also be called amphibious), or land animals that have spent at least one life stage (e.g. as eggs or larvae) in aquatic environments. When referring to plants, the term describes land plants whose roots have adapted well to tolerate regular, prolonged submersion in water, as well as emergent and (occasionally) floating-leaved aquatic plants that are only partially immersed in water.

Examples of semiaquatic animals and plants are given below.
Philotas (Antiochid general)
Philotas (Greek: Φιλώτας) was a general in the service of Antiochus III the Great, who commanded the garrison of Abydos in the Roman–Syrian War. He was besieged by the Roman fleet under Gaius Livius Salinator (190 BC) and was desirous to capitulate, but before the terms could be agreed upon, the news of the defeat of the Rhodian fleet under Pamphilidas caused Livius to withdraw in all haste in order to oppose the Antiochid admiral Polyxenidas of Rhodes.

Abydos (Hellespont)
Abydos (Ancient Greek: Ἄβυδος, Latin: Abydus) was an ancient city and bishopric in Mysia. It was located at the Nara Burnu promontory on the Asian coast of the Hellespont (the straits of Dardanelles), opposite the ancient city of Sestos, and near the city of Çanakkale in Turkey. Abydos was founded in c. 670 BC at the most narrow point in the straits, and thus was one of the main crossing points between Europe and Asia, until its replacement by the crossing between Lampsacus and Kallipolis in the 13th century, and the abandonment of Abydos in the early 14th century.

In Greek mythology, Abydos is presented in the myth of Hero and Leander as the home of Leander. The city is also mentioned in Rodanthe and Dosikles, a novel written by Theodore Prodromos, a 12th-century writer, in which Dosikles kidnaps Rodanthe at Abydos.
Joseph Magutt
Joseph Magutt is a Kenyan academic, diplomat and geopolitical consultant. He was appointed by President Uhuru Kenyatta as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Federal Republic of Germany with accreditation in Romania and Bulgaria in August 2014. His diplomatic appointment under the  new constitution Archived 2019-12-25 at the Wayback Machine was for the first time in the history of Kenya subjected to vetting and approval by parliament of the republic of Kenya.

Until his ambassadorial appointment, Magutt was lecturer of political science at Kenyatta University. He also taught on part time, graduate and undergraduate classes in several universities among them: the United States International University, Moi University, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology and Egerton University.

Plenipotentiary
A plenipotentiary (from the Latin plenus "full" and potens "powerful") is a diplomat who has full powers—authorization to sign a treaty or convention on behalf of a sovereign. When used as a noun more generally, the word can also refer to any person who has full powers. As an adjective, it describes something which confers full powers, such as an edict or an assignment.
John Battaglia
John David Battaglia Jr. (August 2, 1955 – February 1, 2018) was an American convicted murderer who was executed by the state of Texas for killing his two young daughters in May 2001 in an act of "ultimate revenge" against his estranged ex-wife, Mary Jeane Pearle, who had separated from him after his numerous instances of assault and violence. Battaglia was executed for the murders on February 1, 2018.

Capital punishment in Texas
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Texas, known as the capital punishment capital, for murder, and participation in a felony resulting in death if committed by an individual who is at least 18 years old.

In 1982, the state became the first jurisdiction in the world to carry out an execution by lethal injection, when it executed Charles Brooks Jr. It was the first execution in the state since 1964.

Texas, which is the second most populous state in the United States, has executed 597 people since the U.S. capital punishment resumption in 1976 (beginning in 1982 with the Brooks execution) to January 28, 2026 (the execution of Charles Victor Thompson)—more than a third of the national total. Even per capita, Texas has the nation's second-highest execution rate, behind only neighboring Oklahoma.
Notochampsa
Notochampsa is an extinct genus of protosuchian crocodyliform. Fossils have been found from the lower Clarens Formation of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa, dating back to the Pliensbachian stage of the Early Jurassic. Notochampsa comes from a period of relative fossil scarcity, and is the youngest known occurrence of a crocodylomorph (and vertebrate body fossil) from the Karoo Basin of South Africa.

Clarens Formation
The Clarens Formation is a geological formation found in several localities in Lesotho and in the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Eastern Cape provinces in South Africa. It is the uppermost of the three formations found in the Stormberg Group of the greater Karoo Supergroup rocks and represents the final phase of preserved sedimentation of the Karoo Basin.
St Tiernach's Park
St Tiernach's Park is the principal GAA stadium of Ulster GAA located in County Monaghan, Ireland. It is used mainly for Gaelic football.

Such is its association with the town of Clones (/ˈkloʊnɪs/ KLOH-nis), which is located to the south, that the venue itself is often referred to simply as Clones. With a current capacity of 29,000, it hosts major Gaelic football matches such as the Ulster Senior Football Championship final and is home to Clones GAA and Monaghan GAA.

County Monaghan
County Monaghan (/ˈmɒnəhən/ MON-ə-hən; Irish: Contae Mhuineacháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of Border strategic planning area of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Monaghan. Monaghan County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 65,288, according to the 2022 census.

The county has existed since 1585 when the Mac Mathghamhna rulers of Airgíalla agreed to join the Kingdom of Ireland. Following the 20th-century Irish War of Independence and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Monaghan was one of three Ulster counties to join the Irish Free State rather than Northern Ireland.
Lavant (river)
The Lavant (Slovene: Labotnica) is a river in the Austrian state of Carinthia, a left tributary of the Drava. It lends its name to the Lavanttal valley as well as to the Lavanttal Alps.

The river originates in the small Lake Lavant (Lavantsee) at the southern slope of the Zirbitzkogel mountain in Styria, at a height of 2,053 m (6,736 ft). It then runs southeastwards and after 11.2 kilometres (7.0 mi) reaches the border with Carinthia. The river flows down the Lavanttal valley with the towns of Bad Sankt Leonhard, Wolfsberg and Sankt Andrä, until it reaches the Drava shortly before the border to Slovenia. Its drainage basin is 968.7 km2 (374.0 sq mi).

The water quality has been affected by large-scale river regulations between the 1930s and 1980s.  Most parts of the Lavant belong to the trout zone, while the lowest sections are characterised by barbels.

The name Lavant stems from the Pre-Celtic period, meaning "shining river" in Indo-European.

Barbel (fish)
Barbels are a group of carp-like freshwater fish, almost all of the genus Barbus. They are usually found in gravel and rocky-bottomed moderate-flowing rivers with high dissolved oxygen content, known as the Barbel zone. A typical adult barbel can range from 25 to 240 cm (9.8 to 94.5 in) in length and weigh between 200 g (7.1 oz) and 200 kg (440 lb), depending on species.

The name barbel derived from the Latin barba, meaning beard, a reference to the two pairs of barbels, a longer pair pointing forwards and slightly down positioned, on the side of the mouth.

Fish described as barbels by English-speaking people may not be known as barbels in their native language, although the root of the word may be similar. For instance, the Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis) is known as barbeau méridional or barbeau truité in France, but also as drogan, durgan, tourgan, turquan and truitat.
James Wilkinson (sailor)
James Wilkinson (born 28 February 1951) won a silver medal in sailing for Ireland with partner David Wilkins at the 1980 Moscow Olympics in the Flying Dutchman class. The sailing events took place at Pirita Yachting Club in Tallinn, Estonia.

Wilkinson is from Howth in County Dublin and studied mathematics at Trinity College Dublin.

Flying Dutchman (dinghy)
The Flying Dutchman is a Dutch planing sailing dinghy that was designed by Uus Van Essen and Conrad Gülcher as a high performance, one design racer and first built in 1951.

The boat was an Olympic sailing class from 1960 until 1992.
ZeroAvia
ZeroAvia is a British/American hydrogen-electric aircraft developer. The company was founded in 2017 by Valery Miftakhov, who currently serves as the company CEO. ZeroAvia is developing hydrogen-fueled powertrain technology aiming to compete with conventional engines in propeller aircraft, with an aim of zero-emission and lower noise. ZeroAvia expects to sell products by 2023 and demonstrate flights up to 500 miles (800 km) in aircraft of up to 20 seats. According to the company, by 2026, ZeroAvia intends to fly an aircraft over 500 miles range in aircraft with up to 80 seats.

Breakthrough Energy
Breakthrough Energy is the umbrella name of several organizations, founded by Bill Gates in 2015, that aim to accelerate innovation in sustainable energy and in other technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It has been investing in a variety of startup companies which were attempting to commercialize new concepts such as nuclear fusion, large-capacity batteries to store renewable energy, and microbe-generated biofuels. 
In 2025, strategy shifted away from public policy towards supporting clean energy technology alone, as the Second Trump administration has been promoting fossil fuels and dissolved programs addressing climate change.
Livin' for You (song)
"Livin' for You" is a song recorded by Al Green and co-written by Green and Willie Mitchell. It was the title track of Green's 1973 album Livin' for You.  Released as a single in December of that year, it eventually became Green's fourth single to reach the number one spot on Billboard's R&B Singles Chart, also reached the number nineteen spot on Billboard's Pop Singles Chart. 
The single was Al Green's first release without the involvement of drummer Al Jackson, Jr., who had reunited with his former group, Booker T. & the MG's.

Willie Mitchell (musician)
William Lawrence Mitchell (March 1, 1928 – January 5, 2010) was an American trumpeter, bandleader, soul, R&B, rock and roll, pop and funk record producer and arranger who ran Royal Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. He was best known for his Hi Records label of the 1970s, which released albums by a large stable of popular Memphis soul artists, including Mitchell himself, Al Green, O. V. Wright, Syl Johnson, Ann Peebles, Lee Rogers and Quiet Elegance.
Batnfjordelva
Batnfjordelva is a river in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It originates from the lake Botnvatnet and it flows to the east and later northeast until it empties into the Batnfjorden at the village of Batnfjordsøra. The river is 19.2 kilometres (11.9 mi) long and it has a catchment of 70 square kilometres (27 sq mi). The discharge rate at the mouth of the river is 4.61 cubic metres per second (163 cu ft/s).

The river is popular for fishing Atlantic Salmon, Sea Trout and migratory Char. The parasite Gyrodactylus salaris has been reported in the river, affecting its populations of Atlantic Salmon.

Sea trout
Sea trout is the common name usually applied to anadromous (sea-run) forms of brown trout (Salmo trutta), and is often referred to as Salmo trutta morpha trutta.  Other names for anadromous brown trout are bull trout, sewin (Wales), peel or peal (southwest England), mort (northwest England), finnock (Scotland), white trout (Ireland) and salmon trout (culinary).

The term "sea trout" is also used to describe other anadromous salmonids, such as coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden (Salvenlinus malma).  Even some non-salmonid fish species are also commonly known as sea trout, such as Northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) and members of the weakfish family (Cynoscion).
Laurie Zaks
Laurie Ann Zaks is an American television producer. She has been the President of Television at Mandeville Films since 2013. From 1981 to 1984, she worked at NBC's Saturday Night Live. She served as an executive producer on ABC's drama series Castle (2009–2013), and on the short-lived ABC drama series' Wicked City (2015) and The Family (2016). Her son is film composer Zachary "Zach" Robinson.

Mandeville Films
Mandeville Films is an American film & television production company headquartered in Burbank, California. The company was founded in 1995 by David Hoberman. After a three-year hiatus, the company re-formed as Mandeville Films and Television in 2002; Hoberman and Lieberman were partners and co-owners.
Taira no Tokuko
Taira no Tokuko (Taira no Tokushi) (平 徳子; 1155 – January 25, 1214), later known as Kenreimon-in (建礼門院), was the daughter of Taira no Kiyomori and Taira no Tokiko. She was empress consort of Emperor Takakura.

Tokuko was also the last Imperial survivor from the great naval battle of Dan-no-ura.

Her life became a compelling narrative which survives as both history and literature.

Battle of Dan-no-ura
The Battle of Dan-no-ura (壇ノ浦の戦い, Dan-no-ura no tatakai) was a major sea battle of the Genpei War, occurring at Dan-no-ura, in the Shimonoseki Strait off the southern tip of Honshū. On April 25, 1185 (or March 24, 1185 by the official page of Shimonoseki City), the fleet of the Minamoto clan (Genji), led by general Minamoto no Yoshitsune, defeated the fleet of the Taira clan (Heike). The morning rip tide was an advantage for the Taira, but turned to their disadvantage in the afternoon. The young Emperor Antoku was one of those who died among the Taira nobles.
Unauthorised Entry to Football Matches Act 2026
The Unauthorised Entry to Football Matches Act 2026 is an act of Parliament which created the offence of unauthorised entry to designated football matches of elite games where those found guilty may be given a Football Banning Order. It was a Private Members' Bill, sponsored by Labour MP Linsey Farnsworth and sponsored in the House of Lords by Kevin, Lord Brennan of Canton.

Football Spectators Act 1989
The Football Spectators Act 1989 (c. 37) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher. Its provisions apply primarily to football matches played in England and Wales. Amendments to the act were made through the Football (Offences and Disorder) Act 1999, the Football (Disorder) Act 2000, and the Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006, the last of which repealed large sections of the Football Spectators Act 1989.

The aim of the act was to identify individuals known to cause disorder at and around football matches, whether in the UK itself or abroad. It was originally intended that fans would have to give a passport number to become part of a membership scheme and receive an identity card so as to go to away matches, but eventually this was not enacted.
Potter Hall
Potter Hall is a historic home located at Williston, Caroline County, Maryland, United States. It is an early-19th-century, Federal-influenced house facing the Choptank River. The house was constructed in three sections: a tall 2+1⁄2-story Flemish bond brick structure built about 1808 adjoining a lower 2+1⁄2-story, two-bay-wide central section built about 1750, also of Flemish bond brick, then a frame single-story kitchen wing added in 1930. Each of the three sections has a gable roof. Potter Hall was originally settled by Zabdiel Potter, who in the mid-18th century built a wharf and the small brick house. He developed Potter's Landing into a key early port for the shipping of tobacco to Baltimore.

Potter Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Caroline County, Maryland
Caroline County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,293.  Its county seat is Denton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

Caroline County is bordered by Queen Anne's County to the north, Talbot County to the west, Dorchester County to the south, Kent County, Delaware, to the east, and Sussex County, Delaware, to the southeast.
Isalorhynchus
Isalorhynchus is an extinct genus of hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur from the late Triassic period (Carnian stage) of Toliara Province, southwestern Madagascar. It is known from the holotype MDE-R18, a nearly complete maxilla and from other specimens from the same locality, Malio River area. It was found in the Makay Formation (or Isalo II) of the Morondava Basin (or Isalo beds). It was first named by Eric Buffetaut in 1983 and the type species is Isalorhynchus genovefae. The majority of Isalorhynchus specimens are isolated jaw bones, but two nearly complete skeletons were found in 1998. Langer et al., 2000 concluded that Isalorhynchus is a synonym of Hyperodapedon and referred it to a new species of Hyperodapedon. Whatley, 2005 retained this genus as valid with a description of new materials in her PhD thesis. Montefeltro et al., 2010 and Langer et al., 2010 accepted Isalorhynchus as valid genus.

Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian. Its boundaries are not characterized by major extinctions or biotic turnovers, but a climatic event (known as the Carnian pluvial episode characterized by substantial rainfall) occurred during the Carnian and seems to be associated with important extinctions or biotic radiations. Another extinction occurred at the Carnian-Norian boundary, ending the Carnian age.
Rock Action (album)
Rock Action is the third studio album by the Scottish post-rock band Mogwai, released on 30 April 2001 on Matador Records. The album was produced by Dave Fridmann, of the band Mercury Rev, in New York.

Released to critical acclaim, the album reached number twenty-three on the UK Albums Chart and number twenty on the Scottish Albums Chart. The band would later reuse the album's title in naming their own record label, Rock Action Records.

Scottish Singles and Albums Charts
The Scottish Albums Chart is a chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) which is based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Albums Chart fare in Scotland. The official singles chart for Scotland, the Scottish Singles Chart, which was based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Singles Chart were faring in Scotland has not been published since 20 November 2020.

Since 20 November 2020, only the Scottish Albums Chart has been published by the OCC, and it has been based on physical sales only, with the OCC only publishing the albums chart on their website since 11 December 2020.
The Oyster Meal
The Oyster Meal is an oil on canvas genre painting by the Dutch Golden Age artist Jacob Ochtervelt, dated to around 1664–65.  It depicts a man offering a plate of oysters to a woman he is trying to seduce.

The painting was stolen from a bank vault in the Netherlands in 1945, and identified as Nazi plunder while held by the City of London Corporation in 2017.  After its return to the descendants of its former owners, it was sold by Sotheby's in 2018 for £1.6m, with the auction catalogue describing it as "one of Ochtervelt's finest surviving works".

Gabriël Metsu
Gabriël Metsu (1629–1667) was a Dutch painter of history paintings, still lifes, portraits, and genre works. He was "a highly eclectic artist, who did not adhere to a consistent style, technique, or one type of subject for long periods". Only 14 of his 133 works are dated.