hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Williams v. Lee
Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217 (1959), was a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the State of Arizona does not have jurisdiction to try a civil case between a non-Indian doing business on a reservation with tribal members who reside on the reservation, the proper forum for such cases being the tribal court.

The Navajo tribe has lived in the southwestern United States and first came into contact with the United States government in 1846, signing a treaty with the government in 1849.  In the early 1860s, the government removed the tribe from their traditional area to eastern New Mexico at the Bosque Redondo. In 1868, the United States and the tribe signed a new treaty to put it back on a reservation in their traditional lands, where the tribe focused on raising sheep and goats.

Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
Matlalxoch
Matlalxoch was an Aztec princess who was the only daughter of Emperor Acamapichtli. She was a half-sister of Emperors Huitzilihuitl and Itzcoatl and half-aunt of Emperors Chimalpopoca and Moctezuma I. She is mentioned by Chimalpahin.

Acamapichtli
Acamapichtli  (Classical Nahuatl: Ācamāpichtli [aːkamaːˈpit͡ʃt͡ɬi], meaning "Handful of reeds") was the first Tlatoani, or king, of the Aztecs (or Mexica) of Tenochtitlan, and founder of the Aztec imperial dynasty. Chronicles differ as to the dates of his reign: according to the Codex Chimalpahin, he reigned from 1367 to 1387; according to the Codex Aubin, he reigned from 1376 to 1395; and according to the Codex Chimalpopoca, he reigned from 1350 to 1403.
Escaline
Escaline (E), also known as 3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is the 4-ethoxy analogue of mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) and the phenethylamine (non-α-methyl) analogue of 3C-E (3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyamphetamine). The drug has been encountered as a novel designer drug.

Alkoxy group
In chemistry, the alkoxy group is an alkyl group which is singularly bonded to oxygen; thus R−O. Denoted usually with apostrophe('). The range of alkoxy groups is vast, the simplest being methoxy (CH3O−). An ethoxy group (CH3CH2O−) is found in the organic compound ethyl phenyl ether (C6H5OCH2CH3, also known as ethoxybenzene).

Related to alkoxy groups are aryloxy groups, which have an aryl group singularly bonded to oxygen such as the phenoxy group (C6H5O−).

An alkoxy or aryloxy group bonded to an alkyl or aryl (R−O−R') is an ether. If bonded to H it is an alcohol.

The term alkoxide refers to the anionic conjugate bases of alcohols (RO−) or to ionic compounds containing such an anion.  Alkoxide compounds are derivatives of alcohols where the hydrogen of the –OH group is replaced by a metal; for example, the sodium salt of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is sodium ethoxide, containing ethoxide anions CH3CH2O− and sodium cations Na+.
Jones General Store and Esso Station
The Jones General Store and Esso Station is a historic Esso automotive service station and general store on Arkansas Highway 84 in Langley, Arkansas.  It is a single-story structure built out of fieldstone, with concrete door and window lintels.  The car porch extends in front of the building, supported by three fieldstone columns topped by simple capitals.  It was built in 1939, and served as the town's general store, operated by Johnny Jones, until the 1980s, when the store closed and the building was converted to residential use.  The building is locally significant in part for a circular millstone, used in the town's first gristmill, which is embedded in the wall near the eastern corner.

The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Langley, Arkansas
Langley (also known as Lindon) is an unincorporated community in Pike County, Arkansas, United States. It is about 42 miles southeast of Mena, Arkansas, and is served by Arkansas Highway 84 (east-west) and Arkansas Highway 369 (north-south).
First Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia)
The First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian Church USA congregation in the Center City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, located on 21st and Walnut Streets, built in an array of architectural styles of leading Philadelphia architects.  It is part of the Presbytery of Philadelphia within the Synod of the Trinity.  The First Presbyterian Church is located within the Rittenhouse Fitler Historic District.

Today the congregation stands at about 280 members. As an urban parish, the church has long held a reputation for being open and welcoming, a trait it exhibited during the HIV/AIDS pandemic of the 1980s, when members founded MANNA and allowed openly lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBTQ) leadership.  First Church is a member of Covenant Network of Presbyterians.

Synod of the Trinity
Synod of the Trinity is an upper judicatory of the Presbyterian Church headquartered in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania. The synod oversees sixteen presbyteries covering all of Pennsylvania, most of West Virginia, and a portion of eastern Ohio.
Jon the Dentist
John David Vaughan (born 2 October 1965), known professionally as Jon the Dentist, is a British hardhouse and trance music record producer. He released many popular singles including "Feel So Good" and "Imagination" with Ollie Jaye, both of which reached the UK Singles Chart.

Vaughan was born to parents Shirley and David in Eltham, London, and grew up in nearby Shooter's Hill with his sister Kate. A short period of time training to be a dentist resulted in his professional DJ name.

UK hard house
UK hard house or simply hard house is a style of electronic dance music that emerged in the early 1990s and is synonymous with its association to the Trade club and the associated DJs there that created the style. It often features a speedy tempo (around 150 BPM but hard house ranges from around 135 BPM to around 165 BPM), offbeat bass stabs, hoovers and horns. It usually contains a break in the middle of the track where no drums are present. UK hard house often uses a long and sharp string note to create suspense. Most of the time, the drops are introduced by a drum roll.
Who Would Imagine a King
Who Would Imagine a King is a Christmas song written and composed by Mervyn Warren and Hallerin Hilton Hill, and originally recorded and co-produced by Whitney Houston for the soundtrack to the 1996 film, The Preacher's Wife.

In 2009, Lotta Engberg recorded the song on the album Jul hos mig.

In 2010, a cover of the song appeared on Katharine McPhee's Christmas album Christmas Is the Time to Say I Love You.

In 2020, American contemporary Christian singing group Heritage Singers covered this song on their album Home for Christmas.

Heritage Singers
The Heritage Singers are an American gospel group founded by Max Mace and his wife Lucy, with their two children Valerie and Gregory. Based near Placerville, California, the group has traveled to over 65 countries, performed over 7,000 concerts, produced 200 episodes for television programs, and recorded over 200 albums.
Kurixalus banaensis
Kurixalus banaensis (Bana bubble-nest frog) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.
It is endemic to Vietnam, where it has been observed between 109 and 1510 meters above sea level.

This frog is known from evergreen forests and has not been observed outside forest habitats. Scientists presume this frog breeds in stagnant water, like other frogs in Kurixalus.

Scientists classify this frog at least concern of its extinction because of its large range, which includes protected parks, such as Bach Ma National Park, Song Thanh Nature Reserve, and Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. However, deforestation, particularly in favor of agriculture, does pose some threat.

Bạch Mã National Park
Bạch Mã National Park (Vietnamese: Vườn quốc gia Bạch Mã) is a protected area in central Vietnam, near the cities of Huế and Danang. It covers 220 km2 and comprises three zones: a strictly protected core area, an administrative area and a buffer zone. The park can be accessed by foot, moped or with a park guide's car.
Buenos Aires City Legislature
The Buenos Aires City Legislature (Spanish: Legislatura de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, commonly known as the Legislatura Porteña) is the legislative power of the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is housed in the Legislature Palace (Spanish: Palacio de la Legislatura), an architectural landmark in the barrio of Montserrat.

Neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, the autonomous city and capital of Argentina, is composed of 48 neighbourhoods (locally known as barrios). Since 2008, the city is also legally divided into communes (comunas), each one including one or more barrios. Among the most visited and populated barrios are Palermo, Recoleta, Puerto Madero, Belgrano, San Telmo, La Boca, Monserrat and Caballito. Sectors of the city are also traditionally known as neighbourhoods by the inhabitants of Buenos Aires, but not officially by the authorities of the city; some examples are Barrio Chino, Barrio Norte and the Microcentro.
St Leonard, Foster Lane
St Leonard, Foster Lane, was a Church of England church dedicated to Leonard of Noblac on  the west side of Foster Lane in the Aldersgate ward of the  City of London. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 and  not rebuilt.

Aldersgate
Aldersgate is a Ward of the City of London, England, named after one of the northern gates in the London Wall which once enclosed the City.

The Ward of Aldersgate is traditionally divided into Aldersgate Within and Aldersgate Without, the suffix denoting whether the part was within the line of the wall or outside it. The ancient ward boundaries were redrawn in 2013; the names are preserved but their location only loosely approximates to their historic extent.

The gate also gave its name to Aldersgate Street, which runs north from the former gate towards Clerkenwell. The street was wholly part of Aldersgate Without ward until a short section further north was renamed and so added to it.
Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, team
The men's 300 metre team free rifle was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event. The competition was held on Thursday, 4 July 1912. Forty-two sport shooters from seven nations competed. The event was won by Sweden, the nation's first victory in the event, improving on a silver-medal performance in 1908. Defending champions Norway reached the podium for the third consecutive time, taking silver this time. Denmark earned its first medal in the men's 300 metre team free rifle with bronze.

Ole Sæther had been a member of Norway's two prior teams as well, so became the first man with three medals in the event. He had been the only man with multiple medals; five others (Albert Helgerud, Gudbrand Skatteboe, Einar Liberg, and Olaf Sæther of Norway and Gustaf Adolf Jonsson of Sweden) each earned their second in 1912.

Gudbrand Skatteboe
Gudbrand Guldbrandsen Skatteboe (18 July 1875 – 3 April 1965) was a Norwegian rifle shooter who competed in the early 20th century in rifle shooting. He won the gold medal with the Norwegian 300 metre free rifle team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, also winning silver medals with the team at the 1912 and 1920 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games, winning a silver medal.
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, abbreviated as AR or A/R, are legally enforceable claims for payment held by a business for goods supplied or services rendered that customers have ordered but not paid for. The accounts receivable process involves customer onboarding, invoicing, collections, deductions, exception management, and finally, cash posting after the payment is collected.

Accounts receivable are generally in the form of invoices raised by a business and delivered to the customer for payment within an agreed time frame. Accounts receivable is shown in a balance sheet as an asset. It is one of a series of accounting transactions dealing with the billing of a customer for goods and services that the customer has ordered. These may be distinguished from notes receivable, which are debts created through formal legal instruments called promissory notes.

Accounts receivable can impact the liquidity of a company.

Service (economics)
A service is an act or use for which a consumer, company, or government is willing to pay. Examples include work done by barbers, doctors, lawyers, accountants, mechanics, banks, finance, insurance companies, and so on. Public services are those that society (nation state, fiscal union or region) as a whole pays for, such as hospitals,  elementary schools, or libraries. Using resources, skill, ingenuity, and experience, service providers give benefit to service consumers. Services may be defined as intangible acts or performances whereby the service provider provides value to the customer.
Stephanomeria lactucina
Stephanomeria lactucina is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names lettuce wirelettuce and woodland wirelettuce. It is native to Oregon and California, where it grows in coastal and inland mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada. It can be found in many types of habitat, including coniferous forests. It is rhizomatous perennial herb producing a slender, erect stem reaching 30 to 60 centimeters in maximum height. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are up to 8 centimeters long and their edges are lined with widely spaced teeth. Solitary flower heads occur on erect peduncles. Each head contains up to 10 ray florets, each with an elongated tube and a fringed pink ligule roughly a centimeter long. The fruit is an achene tipped with a spreading cluster of long, plumelike pappus bristles.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
Sunni Brown
Sunni Brown is an American author in Austin, Texas known for her marketing of doodling. She is the founder Sunni Brown Ink, a visual thinking consultancy.

She is a co-author of Gamestorming: A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers and Changemakers a book that outlines visual thinking techniques for business. She is also the instigator of The Doodle Revolution and author of a book called The Doodle Revolution: Unlock the Power to Think Differently.

Sunni and was named one of Fast Company’s Most Creative People in Business and Most Creative People on Twitter 2011.

Fast Company
Fast Company is an American business magazine published monthly in print and online, focusing on technology, business, and design. Founded in 1995, it releases six print issues annually, in addition to various ranking lists, podcasts, newsletters, and paid communities of business executives. As of 2025, Fast Company attracts millions of monthly readers. It is owned by Mansueto Ventures.
Timber Hill
Timber Hill is a summit in Vernon County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It has an elevation of 860 feet (260 m).

Timber Hill is an isolated knob that is located just southeast of the confluence of the Marmaton River with the Little Osage River. The community of Horton is about four miles to the west on US Route 71.

Variant names were "Brushy Mound", "Letiembre Hill", "Tiembre Hill", and "Timbered Hill". "Timber" is a corruption of Letiembre, the French surname of Henry M. Letiembre, a pioneer citizen.

Vernon County, Missouri
Vernon County is a county located in the western region of the U.S. state of Missouri, on the border with Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,707. Its county seat is Nevada. The county was organized on February 27, 1855, considerably later than counties in the eastern part of the state. It was named for Colonel Miles Vernon (1786–1867), a state senator and veteran of the Battle of New Orleans. This area was part of the large historic territory of the Osage Nation of Native Americans.
Struvefjella
Struvefjella is a mountain range in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located southwest of the valley Lisbetdalen, and includes the three mountains of Hohenlohefjellet, Sergeevfjellet and Lidfjellet. The mountain area is named after astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve.

The highest and most northern summit is the saddle shaped Hohenlohefjellet, which marks the entrance of the fjord Hornsund.

Sørkapp Land
Sørkapp Land is the land area south of Hornsund,  at the southern part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Two glaciers, Hornbreen and Hambergbreen, divide Sørkapp Land from Torell Land.

Sørkapp Land is included in the Sør-Spitsbergen National Park.
Palazzo Moro Lin (San Marco)
The Palazzo Moro Lin, also called the palace of 13 windows is a baroque-style palace on the Grand Canal, located between the Palazzo Grassi and the Palazzo da Lezze, in the sestiere of San Marco, in Venice, Italy.

The palace was built in 1670 by design of Sebastiano Mazzoni, and made for the painter Pietro Liberi.  The palace interior has frescoes by Antonio Bellucci, Antonio Molinari, and Gregorio Lazzarini. The palace was soon bought by the Lin family. At the death of Michele Anzolo Lin in 1788, the palace was inherited by his niece Elisabetta, the wife of Gasparo Moro of San Trovaso, who afterwards called themselves Moro-Lin. In 1942 it was purchased by the Milanese industrialist Enrico Ghezzi.

Grand Canal (Venice)
The Grand Canal (Italian: Canal Grande [kaˌnal ˈɡrande], locally and informally Canalazzo; Venetian: Canal Grando, locally usually Canałaso [kanaˈɰaso]) is the largest channel in Venice, Italy, forming one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city.

One end of the canal leads into the lagoon near the Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into the basin at San Marco; in between, it makes a large reverse-S shape through the central districts (sestieri) of Venice. It is 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) long, and 30 to 90 metres (98 to 295 ft) wide, with an average depth of 5 metres (16 feet).
Francis Bousquet
Francis Bousquet (9 September 1890 – 21 December 1942) was a French composer. Educated at the Conservatoire de Paris, he won the Prix de Rome in 1923. His compositions included three operas, a ballet, and several symphonic and chamber music works. From 1926 until his death he was also the director of Conservatoire de Roubaix. Bousquet was born in Marseille and died in Roubaix at the age of 52. He had been awarded the Légion d'honneur in 1934.

Salle Favart
The Salle Favart (French pronunciation: [sal favaʁ]), officially the Théâtre de l'Opéra-Comique ([teɑtʁ də lɔpeʁa kɔmik]), is a Paris opera house and theatre, the current home of the Opéra-Comique. It was built from 1893 to 1898 in a neo-Baroque style to the designs of the French architect Louis Bernier and is located on the Place Boïeldieu just south of the Boulevard des Italiens.
Plashet (ward)
Plashet is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Newham. The ward was originally created in 1965 and abolished in 2002. It was created again for the 2022 elections. It returns councillors to Newham London Borough Council.

2022 London local elections
The 2022 London local elections took place on 5 May 2022, as part of the 2022 United Kingdom local elections. All London borough councillor seats were up for election. Mayoral elections took place in Hackney, Lewisham, Newham and Tower Hamlets, with Croydon electing a mayor for the first time following a local referendum in October 2021.

The election saw Labour gain majority control of Barnet, Wandsworth and Westminster councils whilst the Conservatives gained majority control of Harrow Council and the Aspire Party gained control of Tower Hamlets Council, both from Labour. Labour also lost Croydon Council to no overall control. Of the four existing mayoralties, Labour held three but lost the position of mayor of Tower Hamlets to Lutfur Rahman of the Aspire Party, who had previously been removed from the same office after being found guilty of "corrupt or illegal practices" by an election court. The Conservative candidate Jason Perry won the newly created Croydon mayoralty.
St. John's Cemetery, Frederick, Maryland
St. John's Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery located in Frederick, Maryland.  The cemetery is operated by St. John the Evangelist Holy Catholic Church in Frederick, Maryland.  The cemetery is located at East 3rd Street Frederick, Maryland 21701.

Governor of Maryland
The governor of the State of Maryland is the head of government of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the state and local governments, as specified by the Maryland Constitution (1867, and revisions/amendments).

The current governor is Wes Moore, who has been in office since 2023.
Chulalongkorn University Book Center
The Chulalongkorn University Book Center is a chain of bookstores operated by Chulalongkorn University in Thailand. It operates seven stores located at Sala Phra Kiao (Coronet Pavilion) within the university campus, Siam Square, Naresuan University, Suranaree University of Technology, Burapha University, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy and Chamchuri Square. It offers a wide selection of books, carrying over 100,000 Thai and foreign-language titles, as well as educational media and supplies and stationery. It also offers online retailing services through its website.

Naresuan University
Naresuan University (NU; Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร, RTGS: Mahawitthayalai Naresuan, pronounced [mā.hǎː.wít.tʰā.jāː.lāj nā.rēː.sǔa̯n]) is a public university in Phitsanulok Province, northern Thailand. It was established as a separate university on 29 July 1990, the 400th anniversary of the start of the reign of Phitsanulok-born King Naresuan the Great. A courtyard with a statue of King Naresuan is on the campus grounds and students regularly pay their respects before it. The university has about 20,000 full-time students.