hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sugar industry in Rwanda
Rwanda produces the least quantity of granular brown sugar among four of the six countries of the East African Community, namely Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, accounting for about 12,000 metric tonnes annually as of August 2016. With national consumption measured at 90,000 metric tonnes annually in 2016, it is expected that by 2020, annual consumption will have reached 160,000 metric tonnes, costing over US$150 million to import.

Sugar industry
The sugar industry subsumes the production, processing and marketing of sugars (mostly sucrose and fructose).  In 2017, worldwide production of table sugar amounted to 185 million tonnes.

Sugar is used for soft drinks, sweetened beverages, convenience foods, fast food, candy, confectionery, baked products, and other sweetened foods. Sugarcane is used in the distillation of rum. Sugarcane produces several valuable byproducts that play a significant role in supporting economic growth.

Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand. There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.
Kingi Keiha
Kingi Areta Keiha MC (24 December 1900 – 29 May 1961) was a New Zealand law clerk, interpreter, soldier, Māori welfare officer and farmer. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Rongowhakaata, Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti and Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki iwi. He was born in Gisborne, East Coast, New Zealand on 24 December 1900. His father was Mikaere (Mikaera) Pare Keiha Turangi, brother of Heni Materoa Carroll, who was married to Sir James Carroll.

Keiha reached battalion command of the 28th Māori Battalion during its last action in North Africa.

Gisborne, New Zealand
Gisborne is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 38,100 (June 2025). Gisborne District Council has its headquarters in the central city.
Minnesota Senate, District 38
The Minnesota Senate, District 38, encompasses portions of Anoka and Ramsey counties in the northern Twin Cities metropolitan area.  It has formerly included Cottonwood, Jackson,  Martin, Murray, Nobles, Pipestone, Rock, Watonwan, Chisago, Kanabec, Pine, and Dakota counties. Since January 2023, the district is represented by Heather Gustafson, a Democrat who defeated the long-term incumbent, Roger Chamberlain.

Chisago County, Minnesota
Chisago County (/ʃɪˈsɑːɡoʊ/ shi-SAH-goh) is a county in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The county covers an area of 442 square miles (1,140 square kilometers) and, as of the 2020 Census, had a population of 56,621 people. It is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county's largest city is North Branch. Within Chisago County is the Chisago Lakes area, which includes the combined areas of Shafer, Chisago City, Lindström, and Center City. Center City is the county seat. The county has a diverse economy, including manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism.
Ebrahim Sadeghi
Ebrahim Sadeghi (Persian: ابراهیم صادقی, born 4 February 1979) is an Iranian football coach and retired player who played for Saipa for 17 years. He is the manager of Saipa in Azadegan League.

Sadeghi has been playing for Saipa since 2000. In 2010, Saipa Cultural and Athletic Corporation celebrated a testimonial ceremony for him because of "his loyalty to the club", calling him The Orange Loyal. He was also gifted a Saipa Tiba.

On 13 December 2015, in a match against Esteghlal Ahvaz Sadeghi played his 400th league match for the club, becoming the only player in the history of the Persian Gulf Pro League to reach this feat. He retired on 4 May 2017 after playing 17 seasons at Saipa at the top flight.

Saipa Tiba
The Tiba (project name: S81) is an Iranian car made by Saipa, that was unveiled in December 2008 and originally named "Miniatur".

Price has been estimated to be less than 7,000 dollars. The car platform has been designed by Saipa, and its safety is reasonable. In its production the services of some 122 local manufacturers have been utilized and about 810 parts have been produced.

A new subsidiary, Saipa Kashan will take up production of the car. The share of Tiba in Saipa's exports is expected to be around 20 percent by 2011. Saipa Tiba is being sold in Ukraine since 2012.

Production of the car ended in 2022.
Acrocercops calicella
Acrocercops calicella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Australia in the Northern Territory, the southern half of Queensland and New South Wales.

The larvae feed on Eucalyptus species, including Eucalyptus gummifera, Eucalyptus major, Eucalyptus resinifer, Eucalyptus robustus, Eucalyptus salignus and Eucalyptus triantha. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Eucalyptus major
Eucalyptus major, commonly known as grey gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to a small area near the New South Wales–Queensland border. It has smooth greyish bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven and conical to cup-shaped fruit.
Sulejki
Sulejki [suˈlɛi̯ki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świętajno, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Olecko and 122 km (76 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located on the northern and eastern shore of Lake Świętajno in the region of Masuria.

Olecko County
Olecko County (Polish: powiat olecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and only town is Olecko, which lies 135 kilometres (84 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

When powiats were re-introduced in the Polish local government reforms of 1999, the present Gołdap and Olecko Counties made up a single entity (called powiat olecko-gołdapski or Olecko-Gołdap County). This was divided into two in 2002.

The county covers an area of 873.57 square kilometres (337.3 sq mi). As of 2024 its total population is 31,863, out of which the population of Olecko is 15,617 and the rural population is 16,246.
Classic International
The Classic International was a professional golf tournament played at Copt Heath Golf Club in Knowle, Solihull, Warwickshire, England. The event was held twice, in 1970 and 1971. It was cancelled after organisers were unable to raise sufficient sponsorship to meet the British PGA minimum for the Order of Merit in 1972.

Knowle, West Midlands
Knowle /ˈnoʊl/ is a large village situated 3 miles (5 km) east-southeast of the town of Solihull, in the county of the West Midlands, England. Knowle lies within the Arden area of the historic county boundaries of Warwickshire, and since 1974 it has been part of the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull. It lies 2.5 miles from the Warwickshire border and had a recorded population of 10,678.

Knowle is in the parliamentary constituency of Meriden and Solihull East.
Parrotspitze
The Parrotspitze (in Italian, the Punta Parrot) (4,434 m) is a peak in the Pennine Alps of Italy and Switzerland. It is located south of Dufourspitze in the Monte Rosa Massif. The mountain is named after Johann Jakob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot, a German doctor, who made an attempt on the Piramide Vincent with Joseph Zumstein in 1816.

The first ascent was made by Reginald S. Macdonald, Florence Crauford Grove, Montagu Woodmass and William Edward Hall with guides Melchior Anderegg and Peter Perren on 16 August 1863, four days after the same party's (with an extra guide) first ascent of the nearby Dent d'Hérens.

The previous year, on 8 July 1862, a party comprising A. W. Moore and Hereford Brooke George (the first editor of the Alpine Journal) with guides Christian Almer and Matthias Zumtaugwald climbed the east spur of the Parrotspitze (the British Route) but made straight over the frontier to Switzerland, not bothering to climb the final 60 metres to the summit.

Christian Almer
Christian Almer (29 March 1826 – 17 May 1898)  was a Swiss mountain guide and the first ascensionist  of many prominent mountains in the western Alps during the golden and silver ages of alpinism. Almer was born and died in Grindelwald, Canton of Bern.
Winifred Wolfe
Winifred Wolfe (1923–1981) was an American novelist, playwright, and television writer best known as the author of the novels Ask Any Girl (1958) and If a Man Answers (1960). She was head writer of the television soap operas As the World Turns and Somerset during the 1970s.

Head writer
A head writer is a person who oversees the team of writers on a television or radio series. The title is common in the soap opera genre, as well as with sketch comedies and talk shows that feature monologues and comedy skits. In fictional comedy or drama TV shows, this is generally performed by an executive producer, who is usually also the showrunner.
China United SME Guarantee Corporation
China United SME Guarantee Corporation, commonly known as Sino Guarantee) is a Chinese financial services company that provides financial guarantees for loans and bonds. Its key shareholder is the Export Import Bank of China, one of China's main policy banks. The company is described by Moody's as playing a quasi-policy role in Chinese capital markets as its creation was guided by the National Development and Reform Commission, China's key government body for economic planning.

National Development and Reform Commission
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is the third-ranked  ministerial-level cabinet department of the State Council of China and is tasked for macroeconomic management. Established as the State Planning Commission, the NDRC has broad administrative and planning control over the economy of mainland China, and has a reputation of being the "mini-state council".
Jenny Barazza
Jenny Barazza (born July 24, 1981) is an Italian volleyball player. She was born in Codogné, Veneto.

She began to play in her native town. She scored her first success with Foppapedretti Bergamo, where she was a two time national champion (2004 and 2006), a European champion (2005), won a CEV Cup (2004), and one National Cup (2006).

She earned more than 130 caps for the Italian national team, with whom she won the 2007 European Volleyball Championship, and where she also was named Best Blocker of the tournament.

Barazza competed at the 2004, 2008, and 2012 Summer Olympics.

She currently plays for Imoco Volley Conegliano.

Imoco Volley
Imoco Volley is an Italian professional women's volleyball club based in Conegliano in Northern Italy and currently playing in the Serie A1. On the global stage, the team was crowned champion of the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship three times (2019, 2022, 2024) and secured three continental Women's CEV Champions League (2021, 2024, 2025), the European league.
2010 Natomas Men's Professional Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Lester Cook and David Martin were the defending champions, but chose to not compete this year.
Rik de Voest and Izak van der Merwe won in the final 4–6, 6–4, [10–7], against Nicholas Monroe and Donald Young.

David Martin (tennis)
David Martin (born February 22, 1981) is an American professional tennis player.

He teamed with Scott Lipsky to win his first ATP doubles title in February 2008 at the SAP Open in San Jose, California, defeating the number one ranked doubles team of Bob and Mike Bryan.
Ceinture 5001 to 5012
Ceinture 5001 to 5012 were a class of 2-10-2T tank locomotives of the Syndicat d'Exploitation des Chemins de fer de Ceinture de Paris. They were used for hauling freight trains on the Grande Ceinture line in Paris, and later the Région Nord.

The locomotives were designed jointly by the firm of Corpet-Louvet and Henschel & Sohn, and were based on the Prussian T 20. They were delivered to the Ceinture between 1928 and 1930, who numbered them 5001 to 5012.

In 1934, at the dissolution of the Syndicat, they transferred to the Chemins de fer du Nord who renumbered them 5.301 to 5.312.

In 1938, at the creation of the SNCF, they became 2-151.TA.1 to 2-151.TA.12. The SNCF ordered a further 22 of this type, but with the higher boiler pressure of 14 kg/cm2 (1.37 MPa; 199 psi), as the 151.TQ type.

They were retired between 1962 and 1965. None have been preserved.

Grande Ceinture line
The Grande Ceinture line (French: Ligne de Grande Ceinture, English: Big Belt Line) is a railway line around Paris, located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Boulevard Périphérique. The decision to build it was taken at the end of the 19th century, to connect the radial lines linking the capital to the provinces and provide relief to the busy Petite Ceinture Line (English: Small Belt Line).
Textile Engineering College, Chittagong
Textile Engineering College, Zorargonj, Chittagong (Bengali: টেক্সটাইল ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং কলেজ, জোরারগঞ্জ, চট্টগ্রাম) is a college in Bangladesh, offering bachelor's degree in textile engineering. It is situated by the side of old Dhaka Trunk road which passes through Zorargonj, Mirsharai, Chittagong. It is one of the seven constituent textile engineering colleges of Bangladesh University of Textiles, which are collectively funded by the Department of Textiles.

Mirsharai Upazila
Mirsharai Upazila (Bengali: মীরসরাই উপজেলা) is an upazila of Chittagong District in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. It comprises two police stations (Jorargonj and Mirsharai) and two municipalities (Baroiyarhat and Mirsharai).
Fantasy Software
Fantasy Software, which started out as Quest Microsoftware, was one of the smaller software companies which produced games for home computers, mainly the ZX Spectrum during the early 1980s. The company was founded in early 1983 by Bob Hamilton and Paul Dyer. It had a number of reasonable successes in the early days of the computer boom but never became one of the major software production houses. Most of its releases were written by Bob Hamilton.

Crash (magazine)
Crash, stylized as CRASH, is a magazine dedicated to the ZX Spectrum home computer, primarily focused on games. It was published from 1984 to 1991 by Newsfield Publications Ltd until their liquidation, and then until 1992 by Europress. It was relaunched as a quarterly A5 magazine in December 2020 with the backing of the original founders.

The magazine was launched to cater for the booming Spectrum games market. It was immediately popular owing to its quality of writing and distinctive, though occasionally controversial, artwork created by Oliver Frey. By 1986 it had become the biggest-selling British computer magazine with over 100,000 copies sold monthly, but struggled towards the end of the decade after other magazines put cassettes of games on the front cover. In the 2010s, a number of retrospective issues were created via a kickstarter campaign leading to the new publication by Fusion Retro.
Jenny Duck
Jennifer Susan Duck (born 31 July 1968 in Wellington, New Zealand) is a former field hockey player from New Zealand, who finished in sixth position with the women's national team, nicknamed Black Sticks, at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Two years earlier she was a member of the side that captured the bronze medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

1998 Commonwealth Games
The 1998 Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel 1998), officially known as the XVI Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel ke-16), were a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 1998 Games were the first to be held in Asia, and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century. For the first time ever, the Games included team sports. Around 3,638 athletes from 70 Commonwealth member nations participated at the Games, which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals.
Mark Meseroll
Mark Meseroll (July 22, 1955 – November 17, 2018) was an American football tackle. He played in 16 games for the New Orleans Saints in 1978.

He died on November 17, 2018, in Salisbury, North Carolina at age 63.

Salisbury, North Carolina
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbɛri/ SAWLZ-ber-ee) is a city in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, United States; it has been the county seat of Rowan County since 1753 when its territory extended to the Mississippi River. Located 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Charlotte and within its metropolitan area, the town has attracted a growing population. The 2020 census shows 35,580 residents.

Salisbury is the oldest continually populated colonial town in the western region of North Carolina. It is noted for its historic preservation, with five Local Historic Districts and ten National Register Historic Districts.

Soft drink producer Cheerwine and regional supermarket Food Lion are located in Salisbury and Rack Room Shoes was founded there.
Star (game theory)
In combinatorial game theory, star, written as ∗ or ∗1, is the value given to the game where both players have only the option of moving to the zero game. Star may also be denoted as the surreal form {0|0}. This game is an unconditional first-player win.

Star, as defined by John Conway in Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays, is a value, but not a number in the traditional sense. Star is not zero, but neither positive nor negative, and is therefore said to be fuzzy and confused with (a fourth alternative that means neither "less than", "equal to", nor "greater than") 0. It is less than all positive rational numbers, and greater than all negative rationals.

Games other than {0 | 0} may have value ∗. For example, the game , where the values are nimbers, has value ∗ despite each player having more options than simply moving to 0.

Sign (mathematics)
In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0. Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as having its own unique sign, having no sign, or having both positive and negative sign. In some contexts, it makes sense to distinguish between a positive and a negative zero.

In mathematics and physics, the phrase "change of sign" is associated with exchanging an object for its additive inverse (multiplication with −1, negation), an operation which is not restricted to real numbers. It applies among other objects to vectors, matrices, and complex numbers, which are not prescribed to be only either positive, negative, or zero.

The word "sign" is also often used to indicate binary aspects of mathematical or scientific objects, such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in § Other meanings below.
WLFP (FM)
WLFP (99.7 MHz, "99.7 The Wolf") is a commercial country music radio station licensed to Memphis, Tennessee, serving the Memphis metropolitan area and much of surrounding West Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and eastern Arkansas. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc. The WLFP studios are located in Memphis' Colonial Acres neighborhood, while the station transmitter resides in northeast Memphis. Besides a standard analog transmission, WLFP is also available online via Audacy.

Founded by The Commercial Appeal in 1947 as WMCF, and known from 1960 to 2023 as WMC-FM, WLFP is notable for being an FM "superpower station," with an output exceeding Federal Communications Commission (FCC) restrictions; of FM stations operating in the FCC's Zone II, WLFP is the most powerful.

Analog transmission
Analog transmission is a transmission method of conveying information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that information. It could be the transfer of an analog signal, using an analog modulation method such as frequency modulation (FM) or amplitude modulation (AM), or no modulation at all.

Some textbooks also consider passband data transmission using a digital modulation method such as ASK, PSK and QAM, i.e. a sinewave modulated by a digital bit-stream, as analog transmission and as an analog signal. Others define that as digital transmission and as a digital signal. Baseband data transmission using line codes, resulting in a pulse train, are always considered as digital transmission, although the source signal may be a digitized analog signal.
Summerhill, Tasmania
Summerhill is a residential locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Launceston (96%) and Meander Valley (4%) in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the town of Launceston. The 2016 census recorded a population of 3135 for the state suburb of Summerhill.
It is a suburb of Launceston.

Summerhill is primarily a residential suburb and is home to Summerdale Primary School.

Meander Valley Council
Meander Valley Council is a local government body in northern Tasmania. It covers the western outskirts of Launceston, and further westward along the Meander River. Meander Valley Council is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 19,713. Major towns and localities of the region include Elizabeth Town, Mole Creek, Westbury and the principal town of Deloraine.
Longford Senior Hurling Championship
The Longford Club Hurling Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition organised by Longford GAA among hurling clubs in County Longford, Ireland. The winner qualifies to represent the county in the Leinster Junior Club Hurling Championship, the winner of which progresses to the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship.

The winning club receives the JJ Duignan Cup, named for the proprietor of the Tally-Ho pub in Longford town; it is also called the Tally-Ho Cup for this reason.

Currently three clubs compete in the County Championship: Wolfe Tones, Longford Slashers and Clonguish Gaels.

Longford
Longford (Irish: An Longfort) is the county town of County Longford in Ireland. It had a population of 10,952 at the 2022 census. It is the biggest town in the county and about one third of the county's population lives there. Longford lies at the meeting of Ireland's N4 and N5 roads, which means that traffic travelling between Dublin and County Mayo, or north County Roscommon passes around the town. Longford railway station, on the Dublin-Sligo line, is used heavily by commuters.
Treaty of Ulm
Treaty of Ulm can refer to one of several treaties signed in Ulm, Germany:

Treaty of Ulm (1326), establishing the joint rule of Frederick the Fair and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor in the Holy Roman Empire

Treaty of Ulm (1620), under which the Protestant Union established its neutrality in the conflict between Frederick V of the Palatinate and the Catholic League

Truce of Ulm (1647), establishing a truce between France, Sweden, and Bavaria during the Thirty Years' War

Treaty of Ulm (1326)
The Treaty of Ulm established the joint rule of Frederick the Fair and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor in the Holy Roman Empire.  It was agreed on January 7, 1326.

Under its terms, Frederick would administer the Holy Roman Empire as King of the Romans, and Louis would be crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome.
Imamzadeh Hamzah, Tabriz
The Imamzadeh Hamzah (Persian: امامزاده سید حمزه (تبریز), romanized: Imāmzādah Sayyid Hamzah; Arabic: مرقد حمزة الكاظم (تبريز)) is a Twelver Shi'ite imamzadeh, mausoleum, and mosque complex in Tabrīz, in the province of East Azerbaijan, Iran. The complex contains the grave of Hamzah, son of the Twelver Imam, Musa al-Kazim. The Imāmzādeh Hamzah is located in the Sheshghelan suburb of Tabrīz, next to Maqbaratoshoara and the Museum of Ostad Bohtouni.

Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad. Imamah further says that Imams possess divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance.