hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles D. Rafferty
Charles Donnelly Rafferty (August 17, 1879 – October 27, 1949) was an All-American football player and coach. He played at the end position for the Yale Bulldogs football team from 1900 to 1903, was captain of Yale's 1903 football team, and was selected as a first-team All-American in 1903. He also served as the head coach of the Yale football team in 1904, leading the team to a record of 10–1.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Just How Stupid Are We?
Just How Stupid Are We?  Facing the Truth About the American Voter is a political book by author Rick Shenkman published by Basic Books in June 2008. (ISBN 978-0465014934)

The book argues that although the American government has gained global political power since the late 19th century, American voters have become increasingly ignorant of politics and world affairs and are dangerously susceptible to political manipulation. The book claims that Americans are largely incapable of critically assessing domestic and international issues, and therefore lack the knowledge and ability to participate effectively in the political process or to select political leaders in line with the national or even their own best interests. Shenkman argues that voters are repeatedly and systematically misled and manipulated by politicians, and he analyzes the "dumbing down" of American politics arising from the saturation of marketing, spin machines and misinformation in American political culture.

Dumbing down
Dumbing down is the deliberate oversimplification of intellectual content in education, literature, cinema, news, video games, and culture. Originating in 1933, the term "dumbing down" was movie-business slang, used by screenplay writers, meaning: "[to] revise so as to appeal to those of little education or intelligence". Dumbing-down varies according to subject matter, and usually involves the diminishment of critical thought by undermining standard language and learning standards, thus trivializing academic standards, culture, and meaningful information, as in the case of popular culture.
Dan Hanrahan
Daniel J. Hanrahan (born 1957/58) is an American businessman. He was the chairman and CEO of Regis Corporation, the largest hair salon chain in the world, with over 10,000 salons (company-owned and franchises), from August 2012 to April 2017.

Hanrahan has a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of Wisconsin.

Hanrahan was CEO and president of Regis between August 2012 and April 2017, prior to which he was CEO of Celebrity Cruises. Before that, he worked for Reebok, Nestle Foods and the E & J Gallo Winery.

In April 2017, it was announced that Hanrahan had left Regis and been succeeded by Hugh E. Sawyer as president and CEO, having previously been a managing director for the Chicago-based Huron Consulting Group, a management consulting firm.

Reebok
Reebok International Limited (/ˈriːbɒk/ REE-bok) is an American footwear and clothing brand that is a part of Authentic Brands Group. It was established in England in 1958 as a companion company to J.W. Foster and Sons, a sporting goods company which had been founded in 1895 in Bolton, Lancashire. From 1958 until 1986, the brand featured the flag of the United Kingdom in its logo to signify the origins of the company. It was bought by German sporting goods company Adidas in 2005, then sold to the United States–based Authentic Brands Group in 2021. The company's global headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts, in the Seaport District.
Bakhtiyarpur
Bakhtiyarpur is a notified area and town near Patna City in Patna district  in the state of Bihar, India. Bakhtiyarpur is under the Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency), and is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Bihar in Patna District under the Barh sub-division of Bihar. It is a major railway junction in Danapur railway division, ECR. The incumbent Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar belongs to Bakhtiyarpur.

Danapur railway division
Danapur railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is located in Danapur of the Indian state of Bihar. The other railway divisions are Sonpur, Samastipur, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya and Dhanbad. The division's revenue for the 2014–15 fiscal year was ₹900 crore (US$110 million).
Tjunkiya Napaltjarri
Tjunkiya Napaltjarri (also known as Tjunkiya Kamayi, Tjungkiya, Tunkaii Napaltari, Kowai or Kamayi) (c. 1927–2009) was an Indigenous Australian artist from the Western Desert region. She was the sister of artist Wintjiya Napaltjarri.

Tjunkiya's paintings are held in major public art collections, including those of the National Gallery of Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory and the National Gallery of Victoria.

Kintore, Northern Territory
Kintore (Pintupi: Walungurru) is a remote settlement in the Kintore Range of the Northern Territory of Australia about 530 km (330 mi) west of Alice Springs and 40 km (25 mi) from the border with Western Australia. It is also known as Walungurru, Walangkura, and Walangura.
Galliena
Galliena is a monotypic genus of Southeast Asian araneomorph spiders which are located in the family Cycloctenidae containing the single species, Galliena montigena. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1898, and has only been found in Indonesia.

Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to those of Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), which point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 92%) of living spiders.
Al-Irsyad Mosque
Al-Irsyad Mosque is a mosque located in West Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, within the Kota Baru Parahyangan housing area. The mosque was built in 2009 and completed in 2010. The mosque is shaped like a cube without a dome. The architects of the mosque are Ridwan Kamil, an architect turned politician who is currently the governor of West Java.

Kota Baru Parahyangan
Kota Baru Parahyangan or KBP is a planned city located at Padalarang, West Bandung Regency in Indonesia. It was developed with the vision and spirit as a City Of Education. Total land area of the township is 1,250 hectares including land for 200 hectares of lakes.
Embryonic hemoglobin
The human embryonic haemoglobins were discovered in 1961. These include Hb-Gower 1, consisting of 2 zeta chains and 2 epsilon chains, and Hb-Gower 2, which consists of 2 αlpha-chains and 2 epsilon-chains, the zeta and epsilon chains being the embryonic haemoglobin chains.

Embryonic hemoglobin is a tetramer produced in the blood islands in the embryonic yolk sac during the mesoblastic stage (from 3rd week of pregnancy until 3 months). The protein is commonly referred to as hemoglobin ε.

Chromosomal abnormalities can lead to a delay in switching from embryonic hemoglobin.

Blood islands
Blood islands are structures around the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. Blood islands arise external to the developing embryo on the umbilical vesicle, allantois, connecting stalk and chorion. They are also known as Pander's islands or Wolff's islands, after Heinz Christian Pander or Caspar Friedrich Wolff.
Iota2 Scorpii
ι2 Scorpii, Latinised as Iota2 Scorpii, is a single star in tail of the zodiac constellation of Scorpius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +4.82, and is visible to the naked eye. Because of parallax measurement errors, the distance to this star is only approximately known: it lies around 2,500 light years away from the Sun. It has a visual companion, a magnitude 11.0 star at an angular separation of 31.60 arcseconds along a position angle of 36°, as of 2000.

In the literature, there are two different stellar classifications for this star: A2 Ib and A6 Ib. In either case it is an A-type supergiant star with an estimated age of 30 million years and a mass 8.8 times that of the Sun. It shines with a luminosity 5,798 times the Sun's from an outer atmosphere that has an effective temperature of 8,246 K. As with other stars of its type, ι2 Scorpii varies slightly in brightness, showing an amplitude of 0.05 in magnitude.

Angular distance
Angular distance or angular separation is the measure of the angle between the orientation of two straight lines, rays, or vectors in three-dimensional space, or the central angle subtended by the radii through two points on a sphere. When the rays are lines of sight from an observer to two points in space, it is known as the apparent distance or apparent separation.

Angular distance appears in mathematics (in particular geometry and trigonometry) and all natural sciences (e.g., kinematics, astronomy, and geophysics). In the classical mechanics of rotating objects, it appears alongside angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular momentum, moment of inertia and torque.
James Mongrain
James Mongrain (b. 1968 or 1969 (age 55–56)) is a Seattle-area glass artist. He was educated at Moorhead State University in Minnesota, then studied glassblowing at Massachusetts College of Art and Design and the Appalachian Center for Crafts. Mongrain lives in Everett, Washington and operates a studio in Mukilteo at a former salmon smokehouse. He is considered one of the leading artists of the studio glass movement in the Pacific Northwest, and has unique mastery of Venetian goblets, combining the techniques of using a mold and blown glass on the same piece.

Mongrain has worked as a gaffer at Dale Chihuly's shop since 1996, including contributing to the Chihuly Over Venice show and the Bridge of Glass. He has been an artist in residence at Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Corning Museum of Glass's studio, and at Pittsburgh Glass Center.

His glass was part of a Paula Hayes exhibit at Museum of Modern Art in the winter of 2010–2011.

Glassblowing
Glassblowing is a glassforming technique that involves inflating molten glass into a bubble (or parison) with the aid of a blowpipe (or blow tube). A person who blows glass is called a glassblower, while the head of a glassblowing workshop is known as a gaffer. A lampworker (often also called a glassblower or glassworker) manipulates glass with the use of a torch on a smaller scale, such as in producing precision laboratory glassware out of borosilicate glass.
WIYC
WIYC (channel 48) is a television station licensed to Troy, Alabama, United States, serving the Montgomery area as an affiliate of Cozi TV. It is owned by Allen Media Group alongside Fox affiliate WCOV-TV (channel 20) and low-power local weather station WALE-LD (channel 17). The three stations share studios on WCOV Avenue in the Normandale section of Montgomery; WIYC's transmitter is located on County Road 37 in rural Bullock County.

Cozi TV
Cozi TV (stylized as COZI TV) is an American free-to-air television network owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations division of NBCUniversal. The network airs mostly classic television sitcoms from the 1960s to the 2000s.

The network originated as a local news and lifestyle programming format that was launched between 2009 and 2011; it was seen on digital subchannels operated by nine owned-and-operated stations television stations of the NBC television network in the United States under the brand NBC Nonstop. The sitcoms and drama series now appearing on Cozi are primarily from the NBCUniversal Television Distribution program library. Cozi is available via AT&T U-verse, DirecTV, Dish Network, and streaming services YouTube TV and Hulu + Live TV, DirecTV Stream.
Cdc14
Cdc14 and Cdc14 are a gene and its protein product respectively. Cdc14 is found in most of the eukaryotes. Cdc14 was defined by Hartwell in his famous screen for loci that control the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  Cdc14 was later shown to encode a protein phosphatase.  Cdc14 is dual-specificity, which means it has serine/threonine and tyrosine-directed activity.  A preference for serines next to proline is reported.  Many early studies, especially in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, demonstrated that the protein plays a key role in regulating late mitotic processes.  However, more recent work in a range of systems suggests that its cellular function is more complex.

Leland H. Hartwell
Leland Harrison "Lee" Hartwell (born October 30, 1939) is an American former president and director of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. He shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and Tim Hunt, for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division (duplication) of cells.

Working in yeast, Hartwell identified the fundamental role of checkpoints in cell cycle control, and CDC genes such as CDC28, which controls the start of the cycle—the progression through G1.
Koi ni Mudaguchi
Koi ni Mudaguchi (Japanese: 恋に無駄口; lit. 'Chatter About Love') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ryoko Fukuyama. It was serialized in Hakusensha's shōjo manga magazine Hana to Yume from September 2019 to July 2023, with its chapters collected into 12 tankōbon volumes. A television drama adaptation aired from April to June 2022.

So Okuno
So Okuno (奥野 壮, Okuno Sō), is a Japanese actor and dancer who is known for his portrayal of Sougo Tokiwa in Kamen Rider Zi-O and Hayato Shinomiya in Kiss Him, Not Me. He is a member of Oscar Promotion's acting troupe Aoyama Omotesando X.
Ylä-Rieveli
Ylä-Rieveli (also called Ylä-Rääveli) is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is a lake in the Kymijoki main catchment area, located in the regions Southern Savonia and Päijänne Tavastia. It is connected with another lake, Enonvesi, by the Pirtinsalmi strait.

Päijät-Häme
Päijät-Häme (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpæi̯j(ː)æt̪ˌhæme̞(ʔ)]; Swedish: Päijänne-Tavastland) is a region in Southern Finland south of the lake Päijänne. It borders the regions of Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, South Savo and Kymenlaakso. The biggest city in the region is Lahti.

Päijät-Häme boasts a landscape shaped by two key features. Finland's second-largest, Lake Päijänne, dominates the region, offering a vast freshwater expanse and a vital transportation route. The Salpausselkä ridge, a glacial remnant, adds a touch of elevation and scenic variation. Beyond these, Päijät-Häme features extensive coniferous forests. Rolling hills provide scenic views, while numerous smaller lakes and rivers create a network of waterways.
M-105 (Michigan highway)
M-105 was the designation of a former state trunkline highway in the Thumb region of the US state of Michigan. It served as a connecting route between M-53 in Popple and M-83 (now M-142) near Elkton. The designation was in use in the 1920s and 1930s, and it has not been reused since.

The Thumb
The Thumb is a region and a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, so named because the Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten. The Thumb area is generally considered to be in the Central Michigan region, east of the Flint area and the Tri-Cities and north of Metro Detroit. The region is also branded as the Blue Water Area, and more recently Michigan's Thumb Coast, for tourism purposes.

The counties that constitute the Thumb form the peninsula that stretches northward into Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. There is no formal list of which counties are part of the Thumb, but virtually all definitions include Huron, Tuscola, and Sanilac counties, and most include Lapeer and St. Clair counties. The population of the Thumb region as of the 2020 census was 370,617.
FilmTack
FilmTack is a multinational window films company headquartered in Singapore that develops and supports a wide range of products and services related to glass tinting.

FilmTack invests in related assets and businesses with a strong presence in the key global markets: Oceania, NE Asia (ex. China), ASEAN and North America. In addition to its home base in Singapore. FilmTack, through its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, is mainly engaged in product development of window films and paint protection films, infrared-filtering chemicals, antimicrobial window films, and provision of private-label branding services.

The group subsidiary, FilmTack Pte Ltd is a recipient of the E50.startup Award in 2006 organized by Accenture, The Business Times and Economic Development Board of Singapore.

The Business Times (Singapore)
The Business Times is a Singaporean financial newspaper under SPH Media, a media organisation with businesses in print, digital, radio, and outdoor media in Singapore. The paper is published Monday to Saturday, with the Saturday edition called The Business Times Weekend. It had a circulation (print and digital) of 39,500.
Sonepiprazole
Sonepiprazole (U-101,387, PNU-101,387-G) is a drug of the phenylpiperazine class which acts as a highly selective D4 receptor antagonist. In animals, unlike D2 receptor antagonists like haloperidol, sonepiprazole does not block the behavioral effects of amphetamine or apomorphine, does not alter spontaneous locomotor activity on its own, and lacks extrapyramidal and neuroendocrine effects. However, it does reverse the prepulse inhibition deficits induced by apomorphine, and has also been shown to enhance cortical activity and inhibit stress-induced cognitive impairment. As a result, it was investigated as an antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia in a placebo-controlled clinical trial, but in contrast to its comparator olanzapine no benefits were found and it was not researched further for this indication.

Dopamine receptor D2
Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene. After work from Paul Greengard's lab had suggested that dopamine receptors were the site of action of antipsychotic drugs, several groups, including those of Solomon H. Snyder and Philip Seeman used a radiolabeled antipsychotic drug to identify what is now known as the dopamine D2 receptor. The dopamine D2 receptor is the main receptor for most antipsychotic drugs.  The structure of DRD2 in complex with the atypical antipsychotic risperidone has been determined.
Monobaatar
Monobaatar is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. It was within the also extinct order Multituberculata, and lived during the "age of the dinosaurs". It is also within the  suborder "Plagiaulacida" and has been tentatively referred to the family Eobaataridae, though it probably is not a member.

The genus Monobaatar (Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987) is known from the species Monobaatar mimicus, which itself is very poorly known. Fossil remains come from the Lower Cretaceous Dzunbain Formation of Mongolia.

Dzunbain Formation
The Dzunbain Formation (also known as Dzunbayn Formation) is a geological formation in Mongolia, dating to the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian). The formation contains fossils of mammals, reptiles, turtles and dinosaurs. The Dzunbain Formation is equivalent to the Khuren Dukh Formation.
Keith Ewert
Keith Walter Wilson Ewert (12 April 1918 – 2 December 1989) was an Australian politician. Born in Brighton and educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne, he was an accountant before entering politics. In 1952, Ewert was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Flinders, unexpectedly winning the by-election for that seat caused by the death of Rupert Ryan, becoming only the second Labor MP for Flinders. In 1954, he was defeated by Liberal Robert Lindsay.

In 1955, 1958 and 1961, Ewert was the Labor candidate for the nearby seat of Bruce, losing each time to Liberal Billy Snedden.  On the third attempt, Ewert actually led in the first count, but was defeated by DLP preferences.

After his final defeat, Ewert resumed his accountancy practice.  He died in 1989.

1958 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 22 November 1958. All 122 seats in the House of Representatives and 32 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party, led by H. V. Evatt.
1999 Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon – Doubles
Olivier Delaître and Fabrice Santoro were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals this year.

Piet Norval and Kevin Ullyett won in the final 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4), against Wayne Ferreira and Sandon Stolle.

Sandon Stolle
Sandon Stolle (born 13 July 1970) is a former professional male tennis player and who was at one time ranked No. 2 in world doubles.

Sandon, the son of Australian tennis champion Fred Stolle, was born in Sydney and now lives in Aventura, Florida, United States.

Stolle won twenty-two ATP doubles titles, including one Grand Slam title (1998 U.S. Open) and reached four Grand Slam finals.
Ben Fogle: New Lives in the Wild
Ben Fogle: New Lives in the Wild is a television series on Channel 5 hosted by English adventurer Ben Fogle and produced by Motion Content Group and Renegade Pictures. The programme shows, in a series of unconnected episodes, Fogle meeting people who have adopted 'alternative' lifestyles that are primarily 'off-the-grid' in some of the more remote locations on Earth.

Fogle hosted a spin-off series in 2015 called New Lives in the Wild UK with families in British locations, while 2020's Ben Fogle: Make a New Life in the Country is of a similar premise. As of 2022, the UK-based programmes and Return to the Wild spin-offs have been brought under the main New Lives in the Wild name in the press, on EPGs and video-on-demand service My5, with these episodes not being part of a separate series.  Episodes have been hosted on BBC Earth under the name Where Wild Men Are with Ben Fogle.

5 (streaming service)
5 (previously Five Download and later Demand Five  then  Demand 5  and My5) is the brand name of video-on-demand services offered by Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited, operator of TV channel 5, in the United Kingdom. The service is ad-supported and provided over-the-top to various different consumer devices. It is owned by Paramount Skydance and operated by their Paramount Networks UK & Australia division.
James B. Hagan
James B. Hagan, Sr. (1923–1988) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He had also served as a trustee in Liberty Township, where he resided.

He died of heart disease in 1988 in a hotel in Columbus, where he had been staying to attend a granddaughter's high school graduation.

His brother Robert Hagan and nephews Robert F. Hagan and Timothy Hagan also served in various political offices in Ohio.

Tim Hagan
Timothy Hagan (born March 18, 1946) is an American politician who served as Cuyahoga County Commissioner and other local offices from the 1980s through 2000s, and was his party's nominee for the governorship of Ohio in 2002.