hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Mabsut
Al-Mabsut (Arabic: المبسوط) is an 11th-century classical Hanafi legal text written by al-Sarakhsi. It covers the fundamental principles of the Hanafi school and serves as a commentary on Al-Kafi by Hakim al-Shahid, which was itself based mainly on the six canonical works of Muhammad al-Shaybani, a student of Abu Hanifa. Al-Sarakhsi composed the work largely during his imprisonment. As he had no access to books or references, his students would read al-Kafi aloud to him, and he would explain and expand upon it from memory. His students recorded his dictations, which became the text of al-Mabsut. It virtually became the chief text of the Hanafi school.

Hakim al-Shahid
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdulmajid ibn Ismail, known as al-Hakim al-Shahid al-Marwazi or simply Hakim al-Shahid, was a 9th–10th century Sunni Hanafi scholar, jurist, and hadith expert from Merv. He served as a judge (qadi) in Bukhara and later as vizier of the Samanid state. He is mainly known for his only surviving work on Hanafi jurisprudence, Al-Kafi, an abridgment of the six canonical works of Muhammad al-Shaybani, which are foundational texts of the Hanafi school.
Lambi, Punjab
Lambi is a Panchayat village in Malout tehsil of Sri Muktsar Sahib district in the state of Punjab, India.

Ex Chief Minister of Punjab Parkash Singh Badal has record five consecutive wins from 1997 to 2017 contesting from Lambi Assembly Constituency.

Chief Minister of Punjab, India
The chief minister of Punjab is the head of the government of Punjab. As per the Constitution of India, the Governor of Punjab is the state's head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.
2010–2012 AVC Beach Volleyball Continental Cup
41 Asian and Oceanian nations including 2 non IOC members (Macau and the Northern Mariana Islands) registered to take part in the 2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup. The top two from each subzone group qualify for the Zonal tournaments, with the top three from each zonal tournament advancing to the continental championship.

Apia
Apia (Samoan: [a.pi.a]) is the capital and largest city of Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second-largest island. Apia falls within the political district (itūmālō) of Tuamasaga.

The Apia Urban Area (generally known as the City of Apia) has a population of 35,974 (2021 census). Its geographic boundaries extend from the east approximately from Letogo village in Vaimauga to the west in the newer, industrialized region of Apia which extends to Vaitele village in Faleata.
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen IV Cabinet
After the 1998 Danish parliamentary election, the sitting Danish Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen was able to reform the government coalition of his own Social Democrats and the Danish Social Liberal Party. The resulting cabinet, which replaced the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen III, was formed on 23 March 1998 and was called the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen IV.

The cabinet was replaced by the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I on 27 November 2001, after the Liberal Party's Anders Fogh Rasmussen had gained parliamentary support in the 2001 Danish parliamentary election.

Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
Poul Oluf Nyrup Rasmussen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈpʰʌwl ˈnyˀɔp ˈʁɑsmusn̩], informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943) is a retired Danish politician, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and President of the Party of European Socialists (PES) from 2004 to 2011. He was the leader of the governing Social Democrats from 1992 to 2002 and was also a member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2009.

Rasmussen is a member of the Club of Madrid. In 2007 he published the book I grådighedens tid (In a Time of Greed), which contains harsh criticism of the role hedge and venture capital funds play in the global economy.
Gendaria Thana
Gendaria (Bengali: গেন্ডারিয়া) is a Thana of Dhaka District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Its area is 1.83 square kilometres (0.71 sq mi). The name is a portmanteau of original name Grand Area, still found in deeds prior to 1950s.

Dhaka Division
Dhaka Division (Bengali: ঢাকা বিভাগ, romanized: Ḍhaka Bibhag) is an administrative division of Bangladesh. Dhaka serves as the capital city of Dhaka Division, the Dhaka District and Bangladesh. The division remains a population magnet, and covers an area of 20,508.8 km2 with a population in excess of 44 million, it is one of the fastest growing populous administrative divisions of the world, growing at a rate of 1.94% since prior count, compared with the national average of 1.22%. However, national figures may include data skewing expatriation of male labor force as gender ratio is skewed towards females.

Dhaka Division borders every other division in the country except Rangpur Division. It is bounded by Mymensingh Division to the north, Barisal Division to the south, Chittagong Division to the east and south-east, Sylhet Division to the north-east, and Rajshahi Division to the west and Khulna Divisions to the south-west.
Diethylsuccinoylsuccinate
Diethylsuccinoylsuccinate is an organic compound with the formula [CH2C(OH)=C(CO2Et)]2 (Et = ethyl). A tetrasubstituted derivative of 1,4-cyclohexadiene, the compound is the enol tautomer of the corresponding cyclohexanedione.  It is produced by base-induced condensation of diethyl succinate:

Diethylsuccinylsuccinate is valued as a precursor to the quinacridone pigments.  For example, it reacts with two equiv of anilines to give the diamines [CH2C(N(H)Ar)=C(CO2Et)]2, which undergoes cyclization upon treatment with acid to give dihydroquinacridone.

When heated in the presence of acid, diethylsuccinoylsuccinate converts to 1,4-cyclohexanedione via hydrolysis of the esters followed by decarboxylation.

Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids, removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain. The reverse process, which is  the first chemical step in photosynthesis, is called carboxylation, the addition of CO2 to a compound. Enzymes that catalyze decarboxylations are called decarboxylases or, the more formal term, carboxy-lyases (EC number 4.1.1).
Sri Oetari Ratna Dewi
Sri Oetari Ratna Dewi (26 September 1960, Semarang, Central Java - November 2003) was a popular Javanese female Indonesian politician and late wife of currently serving (as of writing in 2007) DPRD-DKI Jakarta Ketua (head) Komisi D: Bidang Pembangunan (Commission D: Development Overeers) Mr Sayogo Hendro Subroto.

The late Sri Oetari Ratna Dewi also known familiarly as 'Rit' and 'Rita', was born to a Sundanese aristocratic father, Bapak Yusuf, a former Dutch VOC administrative officer and Javanese aristocratic mother Sri Mami Dewi. She was schooled in Semarang until near completion of Junior High School, whence she left Semarang for Jakarta for further studies and eventually her tertiary degrees.

Sundanese people
The Sundanese (Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Urang Sunda; Indonesian: Orang Sunda) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to western part of Java island in Indonesia, with the term Tatar Pasundan (ᮒᮒᮁ ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪) or Pasundan (ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪) which covers most of the administrative areas of the provinces of West Java, Banten, and western part of Central Java. They number approximately 42 million and form Indonesia's second largest ethnic group, and the fourth largest in Southeast Asia. They speak the Sundanese language, which is part of the Austronesian languages.

Sundanese migrants can also be found in Lampung, South Sumatra, and, to a lesser extent, in Central Java and East Java.
The Sundanese people can also be found on several other islands in Indonesia such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Papua.
Pottingeria
Pottingeria is a genus consisting of a single species, Pottingeria acuminata, a small tree or large shrub native to mountainous areas of southeast Asia (Assam, Myanmar, and Thailand).

It had long been thought, at least by some, to belong in the order Celastrales. In a phylogenetic study of that order in 2006, Pottingeria was found to be a member of the order, but not of any of its families. It was in an unresolved pentatomy consisting of Parnassiaceae, Pottingeria, Mortonia, the pair (Quetzalia + Zinowiewia), and the other genera of Celastraceae. When the APG III system was published in October 2009, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group expanded Celastraceae to include all members of the pentatomy mentioned above. Armen Takhtajan had placed Pottingeria in a monotypic family in 1987, but he later treated it as a subfamily of Celastraceae.

Polytomy
An internal node of a phylogenetic tree is described as a polytomy  or multifurcation if (i) it is in a rooted tree and is linked to three or more child subtrees or (ii) it is in an unrooted tree and is attached to four or more branches.
GDC Observatory
31°21′22″S 115°42′46″E﻿ / ﻿31.3562°S 115.7127°E﻿ / -31.3562; 115.7127

The GDC Observatory is an astronomical observatory dedicated to the exploration and science of the night sky. Located in Gingin, Western Australia, the observatory is a part of the Gingin Gravity Precinct. The Observatory is open to the public on a regular basis.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
J. E. Gordon
James Edward Gordon (9 August 1913–26 June 1998) was a materials scientist and biomechanical engineer who is considered to be one of the founders of materials science and biomechanics. He was a professor of materials science at the University of Reading, and authored three books on structures and materials, which have been translated in many languages and are still widely used in schools and universities.

Biomechanics
Biomechanics is the study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, and even proteins using the methods of mechanics. Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics.
Dom Jefferies
Dominic William Jefferies (born 22 May 2002) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League One club Lincoln City.

Jefferies is a product of the Cardiff City and Newport County academies and began his professional career with Brentford B. Jefferies' senior career began in earnest with Gillingham in 2022, for whom he made over 70 appearances before transferring to Lincoln City in 2024.

London Senior Cup
The London Senior Cup is the County Senior Cup of the London FA.  The London Senior Cup was first won by Upton Park in 1882. Although the leading professional sides in London no longer compete, the Cup has been won in the past by the likes of Arsenal (as Royal Arsenal in 1891), Brentford, Wimbledon and Barnet. The current champions are Hanwell Town.
Energy input labeling
The term energy input labeling involves producers of goods and services determining the amount of energy used to produce their product and then including that information on their product packaging. Energy input labeling is sometimes known by the acronym EIL. Energy input labeling provides the advantage of knowing how much energy was used to produce a product, but it does not indicate how much energy a product uses to operate, such as the European Union energy label or the Energy rating label used in Australia and New Zealand, and is not in itself a standard for energy efficiency such as Energy Saving Trust Recommended or Energy Star.

Energy Saving Trust Recommended
The Energy Saving Trust Recommended logo was a UK-based labelling and certification scheme for energy efficient products. A product that displays the logo shows that it met strict criteria on energy saving. The scheme was run by the Energy Saving Trust and was launched in 2000.  The logo is registered with the UK Patent Office and could be used by manufacturers, retailers and suppliers to signpost consumers to best-in-class energy efficient products.

The Energy Saving trust no longer awards a "Recommended" certification. Its product certifications now include "Energy Saving Trust Endorsed", "Energy Saving Trust Listed", and "Verified by Energy Saving Trust".
Santiago Fernández (rugby union)
Santiago Fernández (born 28 November 1985 in Buenos Aires) is a former Argentine rugby footballer who played for Pau, Bayonne, Montpellier and amateur side Hindu Club, although he was paid by the Argentine Rugby Union as one of their better home-based players. His preferred position was at fly-half, although he could also play at centre.
A starlet for the age group teams in Argentina as well as the sevens team Fernandez has been capped at full team level and played at the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.

Fernández replaced Felipe Contepomi in Argentina's autumn tour in Europe.

Hindú Club
Hindú Club is an Argentine amateur sports club based in the Don Torcuato district of Tigre Partido. The institution is mostly known for its rugby union team, which currently competes in the Top 14, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires (URBA) league system. Hindú has become one of the most successful rugby teams of Argentina, having won 22 titles since 1996 to present days.

Apart from rugby, the club hosts other sports such as field hockey, football, futsal, tennis, gymnastics, golf and swimming.
Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area)
The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) is the government agency responsible for regional transportation planning and financing in the San Francisco Bay Area. It was created in 1970 by the State of California, with support from the Bay Area Council, to coordinate transportation services in the Bay Area's nine counties: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma.  The MTC is fourth most populous metropolitan planning organization in the United States.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
Nathan Kornblum
Nathan Kornblum (March 22, 1914 – March 13, 1993) was a professor of organic chemistry and a researcher at Purdue University. He received grants for projects from 1970 to 1983.

He was born in New York City on March 22, 1914, to immigrant parents, Frances (Newmark) and Samuel Kornblum. His main research focus was electron transfer substitution reactions. His most famous work was the discovery of the Kornblum oxidation and also the Kornblum substitution. He was also known for Kornblum's rule in acid-base chemistry. He was the Plutonium chapter advisor for Iota Sigma Pi Honors Society for Women in Chemistry, which was established in February 1963. In 1952, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship award.  He authored a chapter in an Organic Reactions textbook which was published in 2011, and wrote a review entitled "Synthetic Aspects of Electron-Transfer Chemistry" which was published in 1990 by Sigma-Aldrich.

Iota Sigma Pi
Iota Sigma Pi (ΙΣΠ) is a national honor society in the United States. It was established in 1900 and specializes in the promotion of women in the sciences, especially chemistry. It also focuses on personal and professional growth for women in these fields. As with all honor societies, they create professional networks along with recognizing achievements of women in chemistry.
Alan Willey (footballer, born 1956)
Alan Willey (born 18 October 1956) is an English former footballer who spent most of his playing career in the United States. He was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 2003.

Born in Houghton-le-Spring, Willey is the second-leading goal scorer in the history of the North American Soccer League (NASL). Willey played most of his career with the Minnesota Kicks and was inducted into the U.S. National Soccer Hall of Fame in 2003.

He began his career with the English football club Middlesbrough in 1974. In the NASL, he played for the Minnesota Kicks (1976 to 1981), the Montreal Manic (1981 to 1983) and the Minnesota Strikers (1984).

He finished his NASL career with 129 goals in 238 games and an additional 13 goals in 26 play-off games. He memorably scored five goals in a play-off game against the New York Cosmos in 1978. His nickname was 'The Artful Dodger.'

Houghton-le-Spring
Houghton-le-Spring (/ˈhoʊtən li ˈsprɪŋ/ HOH-tən-lee-SPRING) is a town in the Sunderland district, in Tyne and Wear, England which has its recorded origins in Norman times. Historically in County Durham.

It lies seven miles from Durham, 7 miles (11 kilometres). Seaham is also 5 mi (8 km) directly east. The villages and towns of Newbottle, Fencehouses and Hetton-le-Hole lie nearby. It had a population of 36,746.

Other villages within the Houghton-le-Spring postal district include: Philadelphia, Penshaw, Shiney Row, Chilton Moor and Woodstone Village.
Greywalls
Greywalls is an Edwardian country house at Gullane in East Lothian, Scotland. It was built in 1901 for Alfred Lyttelton, to designs by Sir Edwin Lutyens. It has been run as a hotel since 1948. Greywalls is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.

Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland
The Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland is a listing of gardens and designed landscapes of national artistic and/or historical significance, in Scotland. The Inventory was originally compiled in 1987, although it is a continually evolving list. From 1991 it was maintained by Historic Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage, and is now updated by a dedicated team within Historic Environment Scotland. As of 2016 the Inventory includes over 300 sites across Scotland.
Roberto Mejía
Roberto Antonio Mejía Díaz (born April 14, 1972) is a Dominican former professional baseball second baseman. He played all or part of four seasons in Major League Baseball between 1993 and 1997, and one season in the Korea Baseball Organization in 2003. He most recently played for the El Paso Diablos of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball in 2009.

El Paso Diablos
"El Paso Diablos" refers to two different professional baseball teams based in El Paso, Texas, in the United States. The most recent Diablos were a member of the South Division of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball. From 1990 to 2013, the Diablos, in both incarnations, played their home games at Cohen Stadium. The team's name means "devils" in the Spanish language.
Elisabeth Forsselius
Gertrud Elisabeth Forsselius née Forsell, also called Forselia, later known as Elisabet Haeffner and Elisabet Fahlgren (23 January 1771 – 15 February 1850), was a Swedish stage actress and opera singer.  She belonged to the pioneer generation of the Royal Dramatic Theatre.

Royal Dramatic Theatre
The Royal Dramatic Theatre (Swedish: Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern, colloquially Dramaten) is Sweden's national stage for "spoken drama", founded in 1788. Around one thousand shows are put on annually on the theatre's five running stages.

The theatre has been at its present location in the Art Nouveau building at Nybroplan, Stockholm, since 1908. The theatre was built by the architect Fredrik Lilljekvist. Famous artists like Carl Milles and Carl Larsson were involved in making the decorations, and some of the interior decorations were made by Prince Eugen.

The theatre's acting school, the Royal Dramatic Training Academy, produced many actors and directors who would go on to be famous, including Gustaf Molander (who also taught there), Alf Sjöberg, Greta Garbo, Vera Schmiterlöw, Signe Hasso, Ingrid Bergman, Gunnar Björnstrand, Max von Sydow, and Bibi Andersson. The school was split off as a separate institution in 1967 (see Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting).
Terrell Everett
Terrell Everett  (born June 30, 1984) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Lugano Tigers of the Championnat LNA. He played college basketball for Missouri State-West Plains and Oklahoma.

Élan Chalon
Élan Sportif Chalonnais, commonly known as Élan Chalon, is a French professional basketball club that is based in Chalon-sur-Saône, France. The team's main colors are red and white, and their mascot is a moose. The team's home arena is called Le Colisée, which seats 4,540 spectators.

Founded in 1927, the club has traditionally been playing in the Pro C. In 2012, the club captured its first domestic championship by winning the Pro A Final over Le Mans. In 2013, Élan won its second domestic title. The club has also been a regular in European competitions, as the team has been runners-up in three different FIBA competitions.
Aprica
Aprica (Lombard: Abriga) is a town and comune in the province of Sondrio, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is located on the eponymous pass, the most favourable one connecting Valtellina to Val Camonica.

Its main source of income is tourism, using the areas geography to offer skiing (winter) and mountain biking (summer) opportunities.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.