hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eastern gate of Philippopolis
The Eastern gate of Philippopolis is one of the three entrances of the ancient city that have been discovered in Plovdiv. The gate was built on the main road to Byzantium and the Bosphorus. Initially constructed in the 2nd century AD during the reign of Hadrian, the gate and the complex around it were completely rebuilt in the 4th century, and partially repaired in the 5th century. The Eastern gate was discovered in the 1970s.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Bestuzhev Courses
The Bestuzhev Courses (Russian: Бестужевские курсы) in Saint Petersburg were the largest and most prominent women's higher education institution in Imperial Russia.

The institute opened its doors in 1878. It was named after Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin, the first director. However, the actual lead organizing force was provided by women: Nadezhda Stasova, Anna Filosofova, and several others.

Other professors included Baudouin de Courtenay, Alexander Borodin, Faddei Zielinski, Dmitry Mendeleyev, Ivan Sechenov, and Sergey Platonov. An assistant professor there was Vera Bogdanovskaya, the first female chemist to die as a result of her own research. Nadezhda Krupskaya and Maria Piłsudska were among the graduates. The courses occupied a purpose-built edifice on Vasilievsky Island.

After the Russian Revolution, they were reorganized as the Third University of Petrograd, which was merged into the Petrograd University in September 1919.

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay
Jan Niecisław Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay, also known as Ivan Alexandrovich Baudouin de Courtenay (13 March 1845 – 3 November 1929), was a Polish linguist and Slavist, best known for his theory of the phoneme and phonetic alternations.

For most of his life Baudouin de Courtenay worked at Imperial Russian universities: Kazan (1874–1883), Dorpat (now Estonia) (1883–1893), Kraków (1893–1899) in Austria-Hungary, and St. Petersburg (1900–1918). In 1919–1929 he was a professor at the re-established University of Warsaw in an again independent Poland.
2010 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III
The 2010 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III was an international under-18 ice hockey competition organised by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Both Division III tournaments made up the fourth level of the IIHF World U18 Championships. The Group A tournament was played in Erzurum, Turkey, and the Group B tournament was played in Monterrey, Mexico. China and New Zealand won the Group A and B tournaments respectively and gained promotion to the Division II of the 2011 IIHF World U18 Championships.

China men's national under-18 ice hockey team
The China men's national under-18 ice hockey team is the men's national under-18 ice hockey team of China. The team is controlled by the Chinese Ice Hockey Association, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The team represents China at the IIHF World U18 Championships. At the IIHF Asian Oceanic U18 Championships, the team won two gold, six silver, and six bronze medals.
1998 BDO World Darts Championship
The 1998 BDO World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 1998 Embassy World Professional Darts Championship) was held from 3–11 January 1998 at the Lakeside Country Club in Frimley Green, Surrey.

It saw Dutchman Raymond van Barneveld, the number one seed, win the first of four BDO world titles (and five overall), avenging his defeat by Richie Burnett in the 1995 final by beating him in a decider which went to the final set and a tiebreak. Barneveld became the first top seed to win the world title since his future rival Phil Taylor in 1992, and the second champion from outside the United Kingdom after John Part in 1994.

Defending champion Les Wallace lost in the second round to 1996 champion Steve Beaton.

Steve Beaton
Steve Beaton (born 5 April 1964) is an English former professional darts player who competed in the MODUS Super Series, having previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO), World Darts Federation (WDF), Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) and World Seniors Darts (WSD) events. Nicknamed "the Bronzed Adonis", Beaton won the 1996 BDO World Championship. He was ranked BDO world number one in 1993 and 1994.

Before switching to the PDC in 2001, Beaton won the 1993 World Masters, the 1995 and 1996 Dutch Opens, and also achieved success in the WDF Europe Cup and WDF World Cup. In the PDC, Beaton finished as the runner-up at the 2009 European Championship. He also won three PDC Pro Tour titles, including the 2013 German Darts Masters on the European Tour. Beaton retired from professional darts at the end of 2024, handing in his PDC Tour Card. He reached the semi-finals at the 2025 World Seniors Darts Championship.
Kraków University of Economics
Krakow University of Economics  (Polish: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, UEK) is one of the five Polish public economics universities. CUE came into existence in 1925. It is the biggest university of economic sciences in Poland. Krakow University of Economics is one of the three largest universities in Kraków, after Jagiellonian University and the AGH University of Science and Technology. The motto and mission of the university in Latin is "Rerum cognoscere causas et valorem" (in English "To learn the causes and values of things. To provide universal education. To bring together professional and general knowledge of methodological and theoretical character.") Its 17-acre (69,000 m2) campus is in the vicinity of historical medieval Old Town of Kraków and easily accessible both on foot or by public transportation. In addition to the main campus in Kraków, the university has seven Remote Teaching Centers in the cities of the region.

Motto
A motto (derived from the Latin muttum, 'mutter', by way of Italian motto, 'word' or 'sentence') is a sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group, or organization. Mottos (or mottoes) are usually found predominantly in written form (unlike slogans, which may also be expressed orally), and may stem from long traditions of social foundations, or from significant events, such as a civil war or a revolution. One's motto may be in any language, but Latin has been widely used, especially in the Western world.
Harold Rodgers
Christianity portal

Rt Rev Harold Nickinson Rodgers (6 July 1881 – 22 June 1947) was the third Anglican Bishop of Sherborne in the modern era.

Educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, he was ordained in 1910 and his ministry began with a  curacy at St Jude's, Southsea; after which he was Vicar of Havant (and latterly Rural Dean). Subsequently, he served as Archdeacon of Portsmouth in 1927, Archdeacon of Dorset (1940–47) and Bishop of Sherborne (1936–47). He died in Salisbury in 1947. His Times obituary described him as "an able administrator".

Havant
Havant (/ˈhævənt/ HAV-ənt) is a town in the south-east corner of Hampshire, England. Nearby places include Portsmouth to the south-west, Southampton to the west, Waterlooville to north, Chichester to the east and Hayling Island to the south. The wider borough comprises the town (45,826), the resort of Hayling Island, the town of Waterlooville, and the town of Emsworth.
Housing and population more than doubled in the 20 years following World War II, a period of major conversion of land from agriculture and woodland to housing across the region following the incendiary bombing of Portsmouth and the Blitz.

The old centre of the town was a small Celtic settlement before Roman times and the town's commerce, retired and commuter population swelled after World War II so as to be usually considered economically part of the Portsmouth conurbation.
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Gymnasium
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Gymnasium (Serbian: Гимназија "Јован Јовановић Змај", Gimnazija "Jovan Jovanović Zmaj") is a secondary school in Novi Sad, Serbia. It is named after Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, a Serb poet. It was founded in 1810 by a donation of a wealthy merchant Sava Vuković from Novi Sad. Over the years the school developed into a prestigious institution whose alumni include numerous notable historical individuals.

The school was rebuilt in the 20th century, using the donations of baron Miloš Bajić who gave 20,000 forints.

Svetozar Miletić
Svetozar Miletić (Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Милетић; 22 February 1826 – 4 February 1901) was a Serbian lawyer, journalist, author, and politician who served as the mayor of Novi Sad between 1861 and 1862 and again from 1867 to 1868.
Eider Islands
The Eider Islands are an uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands group in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. The 172 small islands are located in western Ungava Bay off the northern coast of Quebec. The closest community is Quaqtaq, Quebec, 20 km (12 mi) to the northwest.

They should not be confused with Eider Island, which lies in Chesterfield Inlet, Nunavut, just southeast of Little Big Island.

Quaqtaq
Quaqtaq (Inuktitut: ᖁᐊᕐᑕᖅ) is a northern village (Inuit community) in Nunavik, northern Quebec, Canada.  Its population was 453 in the Canada 2021 Census.

The village is one of the northernmost inhabited places in Quebec, located on the eastern shore of Diana Bay (Tuvaaluk in the Inuktitut language), on a peninsula which protrudes into the Hudson Strait where it meets Ungava Bay.

The name Quaqtaq signifies tapeworm. According to local folklore, this name derives from a man who once came to the area to hunt beluga and found live parasites in his feces. His hunting companions began to call the place Quaqtaq.

Inaccessible by road, Quaqtaq is served by the small Quaqtaq Airport - YQC.
Alexander and Viktor Zhizhich
Alexander Viktorovich Zhizhich (Russian: Александр Викторович Жижич; born 1979) and Viktor Viktorovich Zhizhich (Russian: Виктор Викторович Жижич; born 1976) are Belarusian-Russian serial killers of Polish descent who murdered three people in the Vologda Oblast between January and October 2003. Alexander Zhizhich committed two additional murders in Arkhangelsk. The brothers were found guilty after trial, with Alexander receiving a life sentence and Viktor sentenced to 23 years imprisonment.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Joyce Rey
Joyce Rey is a Beverly Hills-based luxury real estate agent who heads the Global Luxury division for Coldwell Banker. She is considered one of the most successful real estate agents in the United States and has represented clients for homes that include Pickfair, the Owlwood Estate, Le Belvedere and Greenacres.

Harold Lloyd Estate
The Harold Lloyd Estate, also known as Greenacres, is a large mansion and landscaped estate located in the Benedict Canyon section of Beverly Hills, California. Built in the late 1920s by silent film star Harold Lloyd, it remained Lloyd's home until his death in 1971.

The estate originally consisted of a 44-room mansion, golf course, outbuildings, and 900-foot (270 m) canoe run on 15 acres (61,000 m2). Greenacres has been called "the most impressive movie star's estate ever created." After Lloyd died, the acreage in the lower part of the estate along Benedict Canyon was subdivided into approximately 15 large home lots. The mansion, on top of its own hill, retained approximately 5 original acres of flat land. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
2024 BNP Paribas Open – Men's doubles
Wesley Koolhof and Nikola Mektić defeated Marcel Granollers and Horacio Zeballos in the final, 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–4) to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2024 Indian Wells Masters. It was the fourth ATP Masters 1000 doubles title for both players.

Rohan Bopanna and Matthew Ebden were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Sander Gillé and Joran Vliegen.

Austin Krajicek regained the ATP No. 1 doubles ranking at the end of the tournament. Bopanna and Joe Salisbury were also in contention for the top ranking.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
Jabal Moushref
Mount Musharraf is  a mountain of the Sarwat Mountains range in Saudi Arabia, and at 2,859m in height one of the highest mountains of Saudi Arabia. It is located in the Asir region at 17°54′40″N and 43°18′20″E near the town of Al-Harjah.

North
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. North is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography.
Devai Haser
Devai Haser is a piyyut by Dunash ibn Labrat (920/925 – after 985), whose first name is signed in the first verse by acrostic. Ashkenazi Jews incorporate the first stanza of the piyyut into the Birkat Hamazon for weddings and Sheva Brachot.

This piyyut, like Dunash's D'ror Yikra, was originally intended for the Sabbath; the content of the piyyut suggests that it is meant to be recited immediately before the Priestly Blessing. Some say that the practice of reciting the first stanza after weddings and sheva brachot owes to the general obligation to temper celebration with reminder of the destruction of the temple, à la "Let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth, If I remember thee not; if I set not Jerusalem above my chiefest joy." One 15th-century machzor describes the first stanza as "a song for weddings by Dunash ibn Labrat, in the metre of Adon Olam." Originally the stanza was recited responsively.

Machzor
The machzor (Hebrew: מחזור, plural machzorim, pronounced [maχˈzoʁ] and [maχzoˈʁim], respectively) is the prayer book which is used by Jews on the High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Many Jews also make use of specialized machzorim on the three pilgrimage festivals of Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot. The machzor is a specialized form of the siddur, which is generally intended for use in weekday and Shabbat services.

The word machzor means "cycle"; the root ח־ז־ר means "to return". The term machzor originally referred to a book containing prayers for the entire year, including weekdays and Shabbat as well as holidays. Later (first in Ashkenazi communities) a distinction developed between the siddur, which included weekday and Shabbat prayers, and the machzor, which included festival prayers.  Nevertheless, the original type of Machzor containing all of the prayers for the year continued to be used (even if less common) at least into the 20th century.
W. J. Mouat Secondary School
W.J. Mouat Secondary is a public secondary school located in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. The school was recognized in the August 23, 2004 edition of MacLean's magazine as one of the "Ten Most Innovative Schools in Canada."

W. J. Mouat has around 1,500 students between grades 9 and 12 and is the largest school in Abbotsford.

Marianas Trench (band)
Marianas Trench is a Canadian pop rock band from Vancouver. They have released six studio albums: Fix Me (2006), Masterpiece Theatre (2009), Ever After (2011), Astoria (2015), Phantoms (2019), and Haven (2024). The band has been nominated for seven Juno Awards and won Group of the Year in 2013. They have received praise for their showmanship, vocal harmonies, and genre-blending music. Their albums Masterpiece Theatre and Ever After have reached double-platinum status, while their singles "Haven't Had Enough", "Desperate Measures", "Fallout", "Stutter", and "All to Myself" are certified 3× platinum in Canada.
DTA Magic
The DTA Magic is a French double-surface ultralight trike wing, designed and produced by DTA sarl of Montélimar and introduced in 2010. The trike wing was the first "topless" design to be offered by a French manufacturer.

Ultralight trike
An ultralight trike or paratrike is a type of powered hang glider where flight control is by weight-shift. These aircraft have a fabric flex-wing from which is suspended a tricycle fuselage pod driven by a pusher propeller. The pod accommodates either a solo pilot, or a pilot and a single passenger. Trikes grant affordable, accessible, and exciting flying, and have been popular since the 1980s.

Trikes are classified as microlights in Europe, and as light-sport aircraft in the United States.  The aircraft are also known by other names, including 2-axis microlights, flex-wing trikes,  microlight trikes, deltatrikes or motorized deltaplanes.  In the United States, they are formally recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as weight-shift-control aircraft.
Cherwell School
The Cherwell School is a secondary school with academy status on the Marston Ferry Road in Oxford, England. The current school site was built in 1963 as a secondary modern school, later becoming the main comprehensive school for North Oxford, with a catchment area extending down to the city centre, Grandpont, and New Hinksey. Along with later expansions, in 2003, and as part of a citywide reorganisation, it merged with the Frideswide Middle School, and is now a split site school of c.2,000 pupils aged between 11 and 18. The Cherwell School is part of River Learning Trust.

Grandpont
Grandpont is a mainly residential area in south Oxford, England. It is west of Abingdon Road, and consists mainly of narrow streets that run at right angles to the main road, with terraced late-Victorian and Edwardian houses.

It also contains the Grandpont Nature Park—a riverside park managed by Oxford City Council (grid reference SP510054). The park covers 7.4 acres (3 ha) and was created in 1985 on the site of a gas works that was demolished in 1960. The former railway bridge, used to carry coal from the main railway line across the River Thames to the older gas works in St Ebbes on the north bank, still stands, and is in use as a footbridge. A later bridge, Grandpont Bridge, provides a more direct pedestrian and cycle route across the river to St Ebbes.
Fredrik Magnus Piper
Fredrik Magnus Piper (1746–1824) was a Swedish landscape architect and architect. He introduced the theory and practice of the English landscape garden to Sweden. Among his tangible contributions are the creation of the general plan for the royal park Hagaparken in Stockholm, part of the current Royal National City Park, and contributions to the development of the park at Drottningholm Palace.

Drottningholm Palace
Drottningholm Palace (Swedish: Drottningholms slott), or Drottningholm, one of Sweden's royal palaces, situated near Sweden's capital Stockholm, is the private residence of the Swedish royal family.

Located on Lovön island in Stockholm County's Ekerö Municipality, it was built in the late 17th century and was a regular summer residence of the Swedish royal court through most of the 18th century.

Drottningholm Palace is a popular tourist attraction.
Chromosome 4
Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 190 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Polycystin 2
Polycystin-2 (PC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD2 gene.

The gene PKD2 also known as TRPP2, encodes a member of the polycystin protein family, called TRPP, and contains multiple transmembrane domains, and cytoplasmic N- and C-termini. The protein may be an integral membrane protein involved in cell-cell/matrix interactions. TRPP2 may function in renal tubular development, morphology, and function, and may modulate intracellular calcium homeostasis and other signal transduction pathways. This protein interacts with polycystin 1 (TRPP1) to produce cation-permeable currents. It was discovered by Stefan Somlo at Yale University.
2019 Open Sud de France
The 2019 Open Sud de France was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 32nd edition of the event, and part of the ATP Tour 250 Series of the 2019 ATP Tour. It took place at the Arena Montpellier in Montpellier, France, from 4 February until 10 February 2019. Unseeded Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, who entered the main draw on a wildcard, won the singles title,

2019 ATP Tour
The 2019 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2019 tennis season. The 2019 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour 500 series, the ATP Tour 250 series and Davis Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 2019 calendar were the Hopman Cup, the Laver Cup and the Next Gen ATP Finals which do not distribute ranking points. For the Masters series events the ATP introduced a shot clock. Players had a minute to come on court, 5 minutes to warmup, and then a minute to commence play, as well as 25 seconds between points.