hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Henry Gooden
Arthur Henry Gooden (23 October 1879 – 22 July 1971) was an English screenwriter of the silent era. He wrote for 53 films between 1916 and 1937. He also wrote several western fiction novels about the American Old West. He was born in England and died in Los Angeles, California.

Western fiction
Western fiction is a genre of literature set in the American Old West frontier and typically set from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth century. Well-known writers of Western fiction include Zane Grey from the early 20th century and Louis L'Amour from the mid-20th century. The genre peaked around the early 1960s, largely due to the popularity of televised Westerns such as Bonanza. Readership began to drop off in the mid- to late 1970s and reached a new low in the 2000s. Most bookstores, outside a few west American states, only carry a small number of Western fiction books.
Cathedral Mountain (Yoho)
Cathedral Mountain  is a 3,189-metre (10,463-foot) complex massif located six kilometres northwest of Lake O'Hara in Yoho National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. Its shape and structure conjures up a resemblance to a gothic cathedral that has inspired many artists, including Group of Seven's Arthur Lismer, who painted it in 1928. This picturesque mountain is visible from Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway, near Kicking Horse Pass. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Stephen, 3.0 km (1.9 mi) to the west. To prevent damage to its operations, the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway pumps overflow from Teacup Lake down the west face of Cathedral to minimize the subglacial lake's discharging in a phenomenon known as a jökulhlaup.

Arthur Lismer
Arthur Lismer, CC RCA LL.D. (27 June 1885 – 23 March 1969) was an English born-Canadian painter, member of the Group of Seven and educator. He is known primarily as a landscape painter and for his paintings of ships in dazzle camouflage.
Günsa
Gar Günsa (Tibetan: སྒར་དགུན་ས, Wylie: sgar dgun sa), also called Günsa or Kunsa (simplified Chinese: 昆沙乡; traditional Chinese: 昆沙鄉; pinyin: Kūnshā Xiāng), is a township in Gar County in the Ngari Prefecture of the Tibet region of China. Gar Günsa is situated on the bank of the Gartang River, one of the headwaters of the Indus River flowing to the south of the Kailash Range, at an elevation of 4,270 metres (14,010 ft).
Gar Günsa, along with its sister encampment Gar Yarsa, used to be the  administrative headquarters for Western Tibet (Ngari) and jointly referred to as Gartok. In 1965, the headquarters of Ngari was moved to Shiquanhe, which also serves as the headquarters of the Ngari Prefecture as whole.

The seat of the township is Gar Chongsar (སྒར་གྲོང་གསར; 噶尔新村; Gá'ěr Xīncūn; 'Gar New Village'). The Ngari Gunsa Airport is adjacent to the village.
Two other administrative villages, Sogmai (སོག་སྨད) and Namru (གནམ་རུ) are part of the township.

Gar County
Gar County (Tibetan: སྒར་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 噶尔县), formerly Senge Tsangpo County, is a district (county) in the Ngari Prefecture of the western Tibet Autonomous Region of China. The main town is Shiquanhe (Sênggêkanbab), also called "Gar", on account of being the county seat, and "Ali", on account of being the seat of Ngari Prefecture.
Seun Osewa
Oluwaseun Temitope Osewa (listenⓘ; born July 17, 1982) is a Nigerian internet entrepreneur. He is the founder of Nairaland, a popular internet forum launched in March 2005, which was projected as the biggest African forum by Forbes. YNaija listed him as one of the most innovative Nigerians in technology. He was also listed among T.I.N Magazine's top 10 most influential Nigerian online entrepreneurs in 2015.

YNaija
YNaija is a Nigerian online content publishing platform, founded by Chude Jideonwo and Adebola Williams of RED Africa media group. YNaija launched in May 2010 with columnists and various news sources. It offers news, original content and covers politics, business, entertainment, environment, technology, popular media, lifestyle, culture, comedy and healthy living.

In July 2012, YNaija was ranked #5 top blog in the country, by CPAfrica.
Rotula aquatica
Rotula aquatica is a species of aromatic flowering plant belonging to the family Ehretiaceae. This shrub is a rare rheophyte native to India, where it is a member of the lotic ecosystem of streams.

The plant is a mandatory component of many ayurvedic drug preparations and is an important traditional medicine for kidney and bladder stones. The root tuber is astringent, bitter, diuretic and also useful in treating coughs, heart diseases, dysuria, blood disorders, fever, poisonings, ulcers and uterine diseases. Root decoctions are both diuretic and laxative and are used to treat bladder stones and sexually transmitted diseases. Plants were exploited for their medicinal properties by excavating the roots, causing them to die. A study has shown that a protocol consisting of ex vitro rooting, commercial sugar, and tap water, can be economically advantageous.

Dysuria
Dysuria refers to painful or uncomfortable urination.

It is one of a constellation of irritative bladder symptoms (also sometimes referred to as lower urinary tract symptoms), which includes nocturia and urinary frequency.
Marie de' Medici cycle
The Marie de' Medici Cycle is a series of twenty-four paintings by Peter Paul Rubens commissioned by Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry IV of France, for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris. Rubens received the commission in the autumn of 1621.  After negotiating the terms of the contract in early 1622, the project was to be completed within two years, coinciding with the marriage of Marie's daughter, Henrietta Maria.  Twenty-one of the paintings depict Marie's own struggles and triumphs in life. The remaining three are portraits of herself and her parents. The paintings now hang in the Louvre in Paris.

Hymen (god)
In Greek mythology, Hymen (Ancient Greek: Ὑμήν, romanized: Humḗn), Hymenaios or Hymenaeus (Ὑμέναιος), is a god of marriage ceremonies who inspires feasts and song. Related to the god's name, a hymenaios is a genre of Greek lyric poetry that was sung during the procession of the bride to the groom's house in which the god is addressed, in contrast to the Epithalamium, which is sung at the nuptial threshold.
Arsenal do Alfeite
Arsenal do Alfeite, SA is a company with an area of 36 hectares of implantation included in the Lisbon Naval Base. It is mainly dedicated to satisfying the needs of shipbuilding, maintenance, modernization and repair of the Portuguese Navy, other NATO and commercial navies, using advanced technologies, namely in the areas of electronics, optronics, armament, mechanics and electrical engineering. Alfeite's arsenal has already built more than 150 boats. Arsenal do Alfeite has a close relationship with Royal Moroccan Navy, repairing and modernizing ships since 2012.

Lisbon Naval Base
The Lisbon Naval Base (Portuguese: Base Naval de Lisboa), is the main installation and operational base of the Portuguese Navy. Located at the former Royal Estate of Alfeite on the south bank of the Tagus river's estuary, near the city of Almada, the installation is sometimes referred to as the Alfeite Naval Base.

Most of the Portuguese Naval fleet ships are based at Alfeite, as well as many of its administrative, training and support services. Within its perimeter are also located the Naval School, the Naval Technologies School, the Alfeite Arsenal, the Marine corps Base and other Portuguese Navy units.

The Lisbon Naval Base is an administrative entity that – besides the main naval station at Alfeite – manages several other smaller naval facilities in the region.
2012 North Wales Crusaders season
This article details the North Wales Crusaders Rugby League Football Club's 2012 season. This was the club's first ever season after reforming after the former Super League club Crusaders Rugby League folded.

The club was founded in late 2011 and officially joined Championship 1, the third tier of rugby league in the United Kingdom, on 11 October 2011. Their name, which continues the Crusaders branding, was selected in a fan contest. Clive Griffiths was confirmed as North Wales Crusaders Head Coach on 23 November and started his search for players. 
The club held open trials for any new players to attend, as well as scouring the local amateur game and signing players from Super League academies.

North Wales Crusaders
The North Wales Crusaders (Welsh: Croesgadwyr Gogledd Cymru Rygbi'r Gynghrair) are a professional rugby league club based in Colwyn Bay, Wales. They are the successors to the former Super League club Crusaders Rugby League. They currently compete in the RFL Championship, which is the second tier of the  British rugby league system.

Until the end of 2016 they played their home games at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham. From 2017 to 2020 they were based at the Queensway Stadium in Wrexham, but also played several games at Hare Lane in Chester.  In 2021 the club moved to the Eirias Stadium in Colwyn Bay.
Mevang
Mevang is a town in the Abanga-Bigne Department of Moyen-Ogooué Province, in northwestern Gabon. It verges on the Equator near the Ogooue River on the  N3 road. The town of Mgombom lies adjacent to Mevang immediately to the east.

Ogooué River
The Ogooué (or Ogowe), also known as the Nazareth River, some 1,200 km (750 mi) long, is the principal river of Gabon in west-central Africa and the fourth largest river in Africa by volume of discharge, trailing only the Congo, Kasai and Niger. Its watershed drains nearly the entire country of Gabon, with some tributaries reaching into the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea.
Manuel I of Trebizond
Manuel I Megas Komnenos (Greek: Μανουήλ Κομνηνός; died March 1263) was the Emperor of Trebizond from 1238 until his death. He was the son of Emperor Alexios I and his wife, Theodora. At the time Manuel reigned, the Empire of Trebizond comprised a band of territory stretching along the southern coast of the Black Sea. Although Michael Panaretos, a 14th-century Trapezuntine chronicler, calls Manuel "the greatest general and the most fortunate" and states he ruled "virtuously in the eyes of God", the only event he documents for Manuel's reign is a catastrophic fire striking the city of Trebizond in January 1253. The major events of his reign are known from external sources, most important of which is the recovery of Sinope in 1254, which had been lost to the Sultanate of Rum forty years before.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
Edward Aysshton
Edward Aysshton (died 3 July 1481) was an English politician and lawyer who was MP for Truro in 1467 and Taunton in 1472 and 1477/78, and recorder of Launceston (1460-1478). He was the only surviving son of Nicholas Aysshton.

Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)
Taunton  was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and its predecessors from 1295 to 2010, taking its name from the town of Taunton in Somerset. Until 1918, it was a parliamentary borough, electing two Member of Parliaments (MPs) between 1295 and 1885 and one from 1885 to 1918; the name was then transferred to a county constituency, electing one MP.

In the boundary changes that came into effect at the general election of 2010, the Boundary Commission for England replaced Taunton with a modified constituency called Taunton Deane, to reflect the district name.  The new constituency's boundaries are coterminous with the local government district of the same name.
Artyom Gareyev
Artyom Gareyev (born March 4, 1992) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played with Admiral Vladivostok of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Gareyev made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Salavat Yulaev Ufa during the 2012–13 KHL season.

Admiral Vladivostok
Hockey Club Admiral, also known as Admiral Vladivostok, (Russian: Хоккейный клуб Адмирал) is a professional ice hockey club based in Vladivostok, Russia. It is a member of the Chernyshev Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Admiral play its home games at the Fetisov Arena.

Admiral joined the league in 2013 as an expansion team, which made them one of only two teams in the Russian Far East, along with Amur Khabarovsk. They played seven seasons in the KHL before going dormant for the 2020–21 season for financial considerations due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  It was announced that the team will return to the KHL for the 2021–22 season, after a one season hiatus.
Nanshankou railway station
Nanshankou railway station (南山口站) is a station on the Chinese Qinghai–Tibet Railway in Golmud, Qinghai Province. It is located on the Tibetan Plateau at an altitude of approximately 3,080 metres (10,100 ft) above sea level. In 2006, the station became the starting point for the new Golmud–Lhasa section of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. As of 2016, the stationmaster was Hua Yinghai.

During the summer, temperature at Nanshankou rises rapidly, causing drastic expansion and contraction of the rails.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Briscoe County, Texas
Briscoe County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,435. Its county seat is Silverton. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1892. It is named for Andrew Briscoe, a soldier during the Texas Revolution.

At one time, the large JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair, reached into Briscoe County. After he left the JA, Goodnight owned the Quitaque Ranch. The prominent high school football and college coach Gene Mayfield was born in Briscoe County in 1928.

Caprock Canyons State Park and Trailway is located in Briscoe County.

Charles Goodnight
Charles Goodnight (March 5, 1836 – December 12, 1929), also known as Charlie Goodnight, was a rancher in the American West. In 1955, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.
Mag Lena
53°17′N 7°31′W﻿ / ﻿53.29°N 7.52°W﻿ / 53.29; -7.52

Mag Lena, Mag Léna,  or Mag Léne (anglicised Moylena or Moylen) was the name of a plain or heath in the Gaelic Irish territory of Firceall,  between modern Tullamore and Durrow in County Offaly. Mag Lena straddled the Esker Riada, was near the border between Mide and Laigin (Leinster), and is mentioned in Irish manuscripts as the site of several legendary, pseudohistorical, and historical events. The civil parish of Kilbride in Ballycowan was "Kilbride al[ias] Moylena" in the time of Charles I. According to John O'Donovan, the name Moleany was still being used in 1837 for the corresponding Catholic parish (formally Kilbride or Tullamore, and united to Durrow, in the Diocese of Meath). By then the area was agricultural rather than heathland.

Tullamore
Tullamore (/ˈtʊləˌmɔːr/; Irish: Tulach Mhór, meaning 'great mound') is the county town of County Offaly in Ireland. It is on the Grand Canal, in the middle of the county, and is the fourth most populous town in the Midlands Region, with 15,598 inhabitants at the 2022 census.

The town retained Gold Medal status in the National Tidy Town Awards in 2015 and also played host to the World Sheep Dog Trials in 2005, which attracted international interest in the region. The Tullamore Show is held near the town every year. The town's most famous export is Tullamore Dew – an Irish whiskey distilled by Tullamore Distillery – that can be traced back to 1829. The original distillery was shut down in 1954. The brand was later resurrected, but at first was produced at the Midleton Distillery in County Cork. However, in 2014, the brand's new owners, William Grant & Sons, invested in a new distillery near Tullamore, bringing whiskey production back to the town.
Dawn Crosby
Lori Dawn Crosby Little (April 5, 1963 – December 15, 1996) was an American singer who was the lead vocalist of the thrash metal band Détente. After the band split, Crosby continued with the Détente brand, but due to a legal dispute, the name had to be dropped and Crosby, together with producer Ross Robinson, went on to form Fear of God, which was signed to Warner Bros. Records. The band went on to record their debut album Within the Veil, which was released in 1991.

They were slotted to become a major band in the metal music scene, even though the music was dark and dungeon-inspired, and a music video for the song "Betrayed" was released.  Following the release of this album, Crosby and the band split, and she reformed the band with new members and released their second album, Toxic Voodoo in 1994, which demonstrated a heavier, thrash metal style.

Crosby died of liver failure from substance abuse on December 15, 1996, at the age of 33.

Liver failure
Liver failure  is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is increasingly being recognized.
E. Gail de Planque
Eileen Gail de Planque (also Eileen Gail de Planque Burke, best known as E. Gail de Planque; 1944 – September 8, 2010) was an American nuclear physicist. An expert on environmental radiation measurements, she was the first woman and first health physicist to become a commissioner at the US government's Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Her technical areas of expertise included environmental radiation, nuclear facility monitoring, personnel dosimetry, radiation shielding, radiation transport, and solid state dosimetry.

Radiative transfer
Radiative transfer (also called radiation transport) is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes. The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically. Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing. Analytic solutions to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) exist for simple cases but for more realistic media, with complex multiple scattering effects, numerical methods are required. 
The present article is largely focused on the condition of radiative equilibrium.
9,10-Dihydroanthracene
9,10-Dihydroanthracene is an organic compound that is derived from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anthracene.  Several isomers of dihydroanthracene are known, but the 9,10 derivative is most common.  It is a colourless solid that is used as a carrier of H2 as a hydrogen-donor.

Hydrogen-donor solvent
A hydrogen-donor solvent is a hydrocarbon that transfers hydrogen to hydrogen-poor substrates, such as coal.  The hydrogen-poor substrates could be solutes or suspensions.  The classic hydrogen-donor solvent (or just donor solvent) is tetrahydronaphthalene, which converts to naphthalene by transfer of four hydrogens to the substrate.  The enthalpy of hydrogenation of naphthalene is relatively low, which allows the tetrahydronaphthalene to be regenerated in the presence of high-pressure H2.  Catalysts are often used, such as molybdenum disulfide.  Related hydrogen-donor solvents or solvent components are dihydrophenanthrene and tetrahydroquinoline.
Garrod Lecture and Medal
The Garrod Lecture and Medal is an award presented by the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. It was established in 1982 and named for L. P. Garrod. The medal is made of silver by the Birmingham Mint. The recipient of the award is considered by the society as having international authority in the field of antimicrobial chemotherapy. They are invited to deliver an accompanying lecture and receive honorary membership of the Society.

Birmingham Mint
The Birmingham Mint was a coining mint and metal-working company based in Birmingham, England. Formerly the world's largest privately owned mint, the company produced coins for many foreign nations including France, Italy, China, and much of the British Empire during the 19th century.

Beginning life in 1817 as a family-run brass fittings maker, the company later purchased equipment from the defunct Soho Mint to begin its own coin production. Over the subsequent decades the mint won contracts to mint national currencies, and built minting facilities worldwide so that at its height the Birmingham Mint's capacity surpassed that of even the Royal Mint.

By the early 2000s disagreement with the Royal Mint over foreign contracts led to a slump in sales, cumulating in the mint's eventual closure in 2003 ending its almost 200-year history. According to Companies House, however, as of 2021 a revived mint continues to operate, albeit with little business activity.
Hueco (mountain)
Hueco (possibly from Aymara for a corner in a house, a mountain cove) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range Andes of Peru, about 5,200 metres (17,060 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, San Pablo District, and in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, Nuñoa District. Hueco is situated southwest of Pomanota, Jatuncucho, Cochacucho and Jatun Sallica, and northeast of Quellhuacota.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Nova Scotia (album)
Nova Scotia is the third album by Cousteau, released in 2005 on the Endeavour record label. It was subsequently released in the U.S. under the band name 'Moreau' for legal reasons on the One Little Indian label with two additional tracks (*). The US release also featured new artwork.

Davey Ray Moor had previously left the band leaving the main song writing duties to be taken over by lead singer Liam McKahey. "We thought it was the end and we were all feeling really emotional," says McKahey of Moor's departure. "But after a few pints, we'd decided to carry on and do it (the songwriting) ourselves. It was sink or swim, and we decided to swim."

One Little Independent Records
One Little Independent Records (formerly One Little Indian Records) is an English independent record label. It was founded in 1985 by former Flux of Pink Indians bassist Derek Birkett, his wife Sue Birkett and former Flux guitarist Tim Kelly. In the 1990s it set up a number of subsidiary labels.