hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Ferlo
James Ferlo (May 19, 1951 – May 15, 2022) was an American politician who was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate representing the 38th Senatorial District from 2003 to 2015. His district consisted of parts of Allegheny, Westmoreland, and Armstrong counties. He did not run for reelection in 2014.

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the population was 354,663. The county seat is Greensburg and the most populous community is Hempfield Township. It is named after Westmorland, a historic county of England. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
Noche Sin Día
"Noche Sin Día" (pronounced [ˈnotʃe sin ˈdi.a]; Spanish for "Night With No Day) is a song recorded by Italian trio Il Volo, featuring Cuban reggaeton duo Gente de Zona. It was released digitally on May 25, 2018, by Sony Music Latin as the lead single from Il Volo's upcoming fifth studio album Ámame.

Sony Music Latin
Sony Music Entertainment US Latin LLC (often referred to as Sony Music Latin) is an American record label owned by Sony Music. The label focuses on artists of Latin music. Sony Latin was also a division of the Sony Discos label.
Surrogate data
Surrogate data, sometimes known as analogous data, usually refers to time series data that is produced using well-defined (linear) models like ARMA processes that reproduce various statistical properties like the autocorrelation structure of a measured data set. The resulting surrogate data can then for example be used for testing for non-linear structure in the empirical data; this is called surrogate data testing.

Surrogate or analogous data also refers to data used to supplement available data from which a mathematical model is built. Under this definition, it may be generated (i.e., synthetic data) or transformed from another source.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Tre Nevi
Tre Nevi is one of the most important ski areas of Southern Italy, located in the Apennine Mountains, in Abruzzo. Created in 1997, it is made up of three ski resorts, hence the name of the area: the first two are Campo Felice, with the two slopes of Lucoli and Rocca di Cambio, and Ovindoli, both included between Monte Velino, Monte Magnola and Monte Sirente, within the Sirente-Velino Regional Park, while the third is the more distant station of Campo Imperatore, on the Gran Sasso.

Ski area
A ski area is the terrain and supporting infrastructure where skiing and other snow sports take place. Such sports include alpine and cross-country skiing, snow boarding, tubing, sledding, etc. Ski areas may stand alone or be part of a ski resort.
Blind equalization
Blind equalization is a digital signal processing technique in which the transmitted signal is inferred (equalized) from the received signal, while making use only of the transmitted signal statistics. Hence, the use of the word blind in the name.

Blind equalization is essentially blind deconvolution applied to digital communications. Nonetheless, the emphasis in blind equalization is on online estimation of the equalization filter, which is the inverse of the channel impulse response, rather than the estimation of the channel impulse response itself. This is due to blind deconvolution common mode of usage in digital communications systems, as a means to extract the continuously transmitted signal from the received signal, with the channel impulse response being of secondary intrinsic importance.

The estimated equalizer is then convolved with the received signal to yield an estimation of the transmitted signal.

Impulse response
In signal processing and control theory, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse (δ(t)). More generally, an impulse response is the reaction of any dynamic system in response to some external change. In both cases, the impulse response describes the reaction of the system as a function of time (or possibly as a function of some other independent variable that parameterizes the dynamic behavior of the system).

In all these cases, the dynamic system and its impulse response may be actual physical objects, or may be mathematical systems of equations describing such objects.

Since the impulse function contains all frequencies (see the Fourier transform of the Dirac delta function, showing infinite frequency bandwidth that the Dirac delta function has), the impulse response defines the response of a linear time-invariant system for all frequencies.
Deutschfreiheitliche Partei
The Deutschfreiheitliche Partei (in English, German Freedom Party, in Italian Partito Libertario Tedesco) was a political party active in Tyrol at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. It had a Liberal-national orientation.

It originated in 1880 from a section of the German Liberal Party, which was active across Austria. This new party, however, was only active in the County of Tyrol. Among the major leasers of the party were Julius Perathoner, the burgomaster of Bolzano from 1895 to 1922.

Active in Alto Adige (South Tyrol) after its annexation to Italy after World War I, the part ran in the 1921 election in a coalition with the Tiroler Volkspartei called the Deutscher Verband which won 90% of the German-speaking vote and elected four members to the Camera dei deputati - Eduard Reut-Nicolussi, Karl Tinzl, Friedrich von Toggenburg and Wilhelm von Walther.

In Austrian Tyrol, the party joined with the Großdeutsche Volkspartei in 1920/1921.

Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Camera dei deputati del Regno d'Italia) was the main legislative body of the Kingdom of Italy descended from the lower house of the Kingdom of Sardinia, but supplemented with deputies from territories captured during the Second Italian War of Independence and the Expedition of the Thousand. Along with the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy, it formed the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until 1939.
Yelverton Inn and Store
The Yelverton Inn and Store is a group of four historical buildings in Chester, New York, United States. Located on NY 94 where the highway turns from Main to Academy Street,. The complex includes the original 1765 inn, its barn and shed, and the 1841 store, known locally as Durland's. The latter building is a rare surviving example of a Greek Revival commercial building. Both the Inn and store have been local landmarks in Chester for many years, and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The buildings, which hosted Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr and George Washington at different times, are well-preserved examples of their periods and architectural styles.

Chester (village), New York
Chester is a village in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 3,993 at the 2020 census. It was named after the City of Chester in the Cheshire region of northwest England. Chester is part of the Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.
A. Zerega's Sons, Inc.
A. Zerega's Sons, Inc. was a privately owned pasta company with plants in Fair Lawn, New Jersey and Lee's Summit, Missouri. The company was founded by Antoine Zerega in Brooklyn, New York in 1848 making it the first pasta company in the United States. Antoine's son Frank was a pasta maker for 83 years and served as the company's president. Zerega Avenue in the Bronx and the elevated train station on the New York City Subway's Pelham Line were named after Augustus Di Zerega, a ship owner . The company moved from Brooklyn at 28 Front Street to Fair Lawn in 1952.

In May 2020 it was announced that Zerega's was sold to fifth-generation family-owned Philadelphia Macaroni.

40°55′23.18″N 74°06′59.27″W﻿ / ﻿40.9231056°N 74.1164639°W﻿ / 40.9231056; -74.1164639

IRT Pelham Line
The IRT Pelham Line is a rapid transit line on the New York City Subway, operated as part of the A Division and served by the 6 and <6> trains. It was built as part of the Dual Contracts expansion and opened between 1918 and 1920. It is both elevated and underground with Whitlock Avenue being the southernmost elevated station. It has three tracks from the beginning to just south of the Pelham Bay Park terminal. The Pelham Line also has a connection to Westchester Yard, where 6 trains are stored, just north of Westchester Square–East Tremont Avenue.
Greene 1909 Biplane
The Greene 1909 Biplane was an American pioneering aircraft.

In 1909, at the Morris Park Raceway, Dr. William Greene constructed a biplane that successfully flew for the first time on October 28, 1909. The aircraft was in the Curtiss style with dual forward elevators and dual trailing rudders and a tricycle landing gear.

Morris Park Racecourse
Morris Park Racecourse was an American thoroughbred horse racing facility from 1889 to 1904. It was located in a part of Westchester County, New York that was annexed into the Bronx in 1895 and later developed as the neighborhood of Morris Park. The racecourse was the site of the Belmont Stakes from 1890 through 1904 as well as the Preakness Stakes in 1890.
1992 Benin census
The 1992 Benin Census was conducted in February 1992 and was the second census conducted in Benin. Population data was collected and categorized according to ethnic group and commune. The census was conducted by 4,800 census takers who underwent between 2–4 weeks of training. The census consisted of 52 questions that were asked in French and translated as necessary.

The 1992 Benin Census was one of a few done by a developing country up to this point to collect data that could be used to calculate maternal mortality.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
John den Braber
John den Braber (born 16 September 1970) is a Dutch cyclist. He competed in the Men's team time trial at the 1992 Summer Olympics, finishing 9th and in the Men's team pursuit at the 2000 Summer Olympics, finishing 7th. He won the Omloop der Kempen in 1992. In 1993 Den Braber became Rotterdam Sportsman of the year.

Rotterdam Sportsman of the year
The Rotterdam Sportsman and Sportswoman of the Year is an annual election, organised by the city's division for topsport named Rotterdam Topsport. The award goes to sportspeople who were born or have lived in Rotterdam. Rotterdam was the first city in the Netherlands to honour its sportspeople for their achievements at the end of the year.
Indian locomotive class WDP-3A
The Indian locomotive class WDP-3A, colloquially nicknamed the Toaster, is a class of diesel–electric locomotive that was developed in 1998 by Banaras Locomotive Works, Varanasi for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Passenger traffic (P) locomotive with 3,100 horsepower (3A). The WDP-3A is a later classification of earlier WDP-2. They entered service in 1998. A total of 44 were built between 1998 and 2001.

They are the fastest ALCo based locomotive found in India with a top speed of 160 km/h, on par with the premier electric locomotives. The WDP-3A served IR for over 25 years. A significant number of these locomotives are still in use, both on mainline and departmental duties. As of February 2026, 15 locomotives still retain "operational status" on the mainline as WDP-3A, with further examples having been scrapped.

Diesel–electric powertrain
A diesel-electric transmission, or diesel-electric powertrain, is a transmission system powered by diesel engines which generate electricity for electric motors for vehicles in road, rail, and marine transport. Diesel-electric transmission is similar to petrol-electric transmission, which is powered by petrol engines.

Diesel-electric transmission is used on railways by diesel-electric locomotives and diesel-electric multiple units, as electric motors are able to supply full torque from 0 RPM. Diesel-electric systems are also used in marine transport, including submarines, and on some other land vehicles.
Jean-Michel Pequery
Jean-Michel Péquery (born May 30, 1978) is a French retired professional tennis player. During his career, he competed exclusively in Challengers and Futures tournaments, except for two showings (for two first-round losses) in the doubles main draw of ATP Tour-level tournaments. One of these was to remain his sole appearance at a Grand Slam and came at the 1998 French Open when he alongside Julien Boutter received a wild card to compete in the doubles tournament. They fell to Jim Grabb and David Macpherson 6–3, 7–6.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
David Nutter
David Nutter (born 1960) is an American television and film director and television producer. He is best known for directing pilot episodes for television. In 2015, he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series, for his work on the HBO series Game of Thrones.

Dr. Vegas
Dr. Vegas is an American drama television series created by  John Herzfeld and Jack Orman, starring Rob Lowe and Joe Pantoliano that ran on CBS from September 24, 2004 to October 29, 2004, being cancelled after five of the produced ten episodes aired. The complete series aired in Ireland on TG4, and on Challenge in the UK as part of its "Player" gambling strand.

The series co-starred Sarah Lancaster, Amy Adams, and Tom Sizemore. Chazz Palminteri filled in for Tom Sizemore when the actor re-entered rehab in 2004.
Ziemann
Ziemann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Ziemann (born 1964), German historian

Chris Ziemann (born 1976), American football player

George Patrick Ziemann (1941–2009), American bishop

Sonja Ziemann (1926–2020), German actress

Chris Ziemann
Christopher Robert Ziemann (born September 20, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines and was part of their 1997 national championship team. Professionally, Ziemann played for the New York Giants of the NFL and Rhein Fire of NFL Europe.
Timeline of Chinese history
The history of China and its dynasties contain many important legal and territorial changes and political events.

Dates prior to 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe Regency, are provisional and subject to dispute.

Gonghe Regency
The Gonghe Regency (Chinese: 共和; pinyin: Gònghé) was an interregnum period in Chinese history from 841 BC to 828 BC, after King Li of Zhou was exiled by his nobles during the Compatriots Rebellion [zh], when the people rioted against their old corrupt king. It lasted until the ascension of King Li's son, King Xuan of Zhou.
Yapı Kredi
Yapı Kredi (lit. 'Construction and Credit Bank') is one of the first nationwide commercial banks in Turkey, and is the fourth largest private bank in Turkey by its asset size. It was established in 1944 by Kazım Taşkent. Assets of the bank include credit cards, assets under management, non-cash loans, leasing, factoring, private pension funds and non-life insurance. The combined financial services network of the bank consists of 835 branches across the country with over 13 million customers. The bank offers vehicle loans, consumer loans, housing loans and commercial loan support.

Yapı Kredi Emeklilik A.Ş is one of the largest pension and life insurance providers in Turkey and has been a major force in the growth and development of pension schemes and group insurance in the country. Its sister company, Yapı Kredi Sigorta A.Ş., is the second-largest health insurer in Turkey. Together, the companies provide coverage to approximately 700,000 insureds.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Akeel Bilgrami
Akeel Bilgrami (born 28 February 1950) is an Indian philosopher. He has been in the Department of Philosophy at Columbia University since 1985 after spending two years as an assistant professor at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Bilgrami is a secularist and an atheist who advocates an understanding of the community-oriented dimension of religion. For Bilgrami, spiritual yearnings are not only understandable but also supremely human. He has argued in many essays that in our modern world, "religion is not primarily a matter of belief and doctrine but about the sense of community and shared values it provides in contexts where other forms of solidarity—such as a strong labor movement—are missing." He has been on the Humanities jury for the Infosys Prize from 2012, serving as Jury Chair from 2019.

Infosys Prize
The Infosys Prize is an annual award granted to scientists, researchers, engineers and social scientists of Indian origin (not necessarily born in India) by the Infosys Science Foundation and ranks among the highest monetary awards for research in India. The prize for each category includes a gold medallion, a citation certificate, and prize money of US$100,000 (or equivalent in Indian Rupees). The prize purse is tax free for winners living in India. The winners are selected by the jury of their respective categories, headed by the jury chairs.

In 2008, the prize was jointly awarded by the Infosys Science Foundation and National Institute of Advanced Studies for mathematics. The following year, three additional categories were added: Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Social Sciences. In 2010, Engineering and Computer Science was added as a category. In 2012, a sixth category, Humanities, was added.
Gooseberry Lake Provincial Park
Gooseberry Lake Provincial Park  is a provincial park in Alberta, Canada, located 13.5 km (8.4 mi) north from Consort and 51 km (32 mi) south from Czar, immediately east of Buffalo Trail.

The park is situated on the north-western shore of Gooseberry Lake, at an elevation of 700 metres (2,300 ft) and has a surface of .9 square kilometres (0.35 sq mi). It was established on November 21, 1932 and is maintained by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation.

Alberta Highway 41
Highway 41, officially named Buffalo Trail, is a 686-kilometre (426 mi) north-south highway in eastern Alberta, Canada. It extends from the United States border at Wild Horse to Highway 55 in the hamlet of La Corey north of Bonnyville. Highway 41, along with Highway 36 and the portion of Highway 881 north of Lac La Biche, is part of the Eastern Alberta Trade Corridor, an economic development corridor that links the oil sands with Texas and Mexico, and works in association with the North American Ports-to-Plains Alliance.
1962–63 Bulgarian Cup
The 1962–63 Bulgarian Cup was the 23rd season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Slavia Sofia won the competition, beating Botev Plovdiv 2–0 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.
Paekākāriki Hill
Paekākāriki Hill  is a rural locality in Porirua in New Zealand's North Island. It is located inland, behind Paraparaumu and Raumati. Paekākāriki Hill Road runs approximately north to south from Paekākāriki to Pāuatahanui. Grays Road runs along the northern coast of Te Awarua-o-Porirua Harbour's Pauatahunui Arm, which forms the locality's southern boundary.

Paekākāriki Hill Road, built in 1849, was the main highway north until 1939. The road, which is now fully sealed, is narrow and winding. It has views of the coast.

The Battle of Battle Hill, part of the New Zealand Wars, was fought in the area in 1846.

Battle of Battle Hill
The Battle Hill engagement took place from 6 to 13 August 1846, during the New Zealand Wars and was one of the last engagements of the Hutt Valley Campaign.

The engagement was between Ngāti Toa on one side and a colonial force of European troops, police, and Ngāti Awa allies on the other. The colonial force commanded by Major Last was seeking to end resistance to European settlement in the Hutt Valley region. It was pursuing over 300 Ngāti Toa, including women and children, led by Te Rangihaeata.
Transition (literary magazine)
transition was an experimental literary magazine that featured surrealist, expressionist, and Dada art and artists. It was founded in 1927 by Maria McDonald and her husband Eugene Jolas and published in Paris, France. They were later assisted by editors Elliot Paul (April 1927 – March 1928), Robert Sage (October 1927 – Fall 1928), and James Johnson Sweeney (June 1936 – May 1938). After the Second World War, the publishing license of transition was transferred from the Jolases and McDonald to Georges Duthuit who capitalized the title to Transition (1948–1950) and changed its focus.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.