hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinnor
Chinnor is a large village and civil parish in South Oxfordshire, England, about 4 miles (6 km) southeast of Thame and close to the border with Buckinghamshire. The village is a spring line settlement on the Icknield Way below the Chiltern escarpment. Since 1932 the civil parish has included the village of Emmington. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 5,924.

Spring line settlement
Spring line settlements occur where a ridge of permeable rock lies over impermeable rock, resulting in a line of springs along the contact between the two layers. Spring line (or springline) settlements will sometimes form around these springs, becoming villages.

In each case to build higher up the hill would have meant difficulties with water supply; to build lower would have taken the settlement further away from useful grazing land or nearer to the floodplain.

Spring line villages are often the principal settlements in strip parishes, with long, narrow parish boundaries stretching up to the top of the ridge and down to the river but being narrow in the direction of adjacent spring line villages.
Rafalca
Rafalca (born 1997) is a former dressage horse, co-owned by Ann Romney, that performed in the equestrian competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics, with rider (and co-owner/trainer) Jan Ebeling. She was retired from competitions in 2014, and is now a broodmare.

Rafalca is a bay Oldenburg mare, born in Menslage in Germany in 1997, and bred by Erwin Risch.

Horse show
A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies. Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide, from local to the international levels. Most horse shows run from one to three days, sometimes longer for major, all-breed events or national and international championships. Most shows consist of a series of different performances, called classes, wherein a group of horses with similar training or characteristics compete against one another for awards and, often, prize money.
Philippe-Claude de Montboissier de Beaufort
Noël-Philippe-Claude de Montboissier de Beaufort, marquis de Canillac (16 February 1695 – 31 September 1765), was an 18th-century French soldier, diplomat and peer of France.

The son of Jean-Gaspard de Montboissier, baron de Dienne (who died 1714) by his wife Marie-Claire (died 1730), daughter of Jean d'Estaing, marquis de Saillant, he was commissioned as a cavalry officer in the French Army.

He was promoted Brigadier-General in 1719, Maréchal de camp in 1734 and Lieutenant-General in 1738. The Marquis also served as Ambassador to Rome, before being posted to London.

The marquis married, in 1711, Marie-Anne-Geneviève de Maillé de La Tour-Landry (died 1742), daughter of Louis-Joseph de Maillé-Brézé, baron de Coulonces, by his wife Louise Mallier du Houssay. They had two sons and two daughters.

Maréchal de camp
Maréchal de camp (sometimes incorrectly translated as field marshal) was a general officer rank used by the French Army until 1848.

The rank originated from the older rank of sergeant major general (French: sergent-major général). Sergeant major general was third in command in an army, after the general and the lieutenant general. One of his tasks was to dispose the troops on the battlefield. It was also known in the French army as the "battle sergeant" (fr: sergent de bataille). In English-speaking countries, the rank of sergeant major general became known as simply major general.
Amadei
Amadei is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amedeo Amadei (1921–2013), Italian footballer

Bernard Amadei (born 1954), French-born engineer

Emilio Amadei (1867–19??), Italian painter

Filippo Amadei, also known as Pippo del Violoncello, Italian composer

Leonetto Amadei (1911–1997), Italian lawyer and a politician

Magali Amadei (born 1974), French fashion model

Roberto Amadei (1933–2009), bishop of Bergamo

Stefano Amadei (1580–1644), Italian painter

Bernard Amadei
Bernard Amadei (born July 23, 1954) is a French-American geotechnical engineer. He is a professor of civil engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder, founding president of Engineers Without Borders (USA), co-founder of the Engineers Without Borders-International Network, and founding director of the Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing Communities. He is also a recipient of multiple awards and distinctions and holds seven honorary doctoral degrees.

In 2009, he was recognized with an Award of Excellence from Engineering News-Record. In 2012, Dr. Amadei was appointed as a Science Envoy to Pakistan and Nepal by the U.S. Department of State.
Frank van der Geest
Frank van der Geest (born 30 April 1973) is a Dutch former footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Eredivisie for Sparta Rotterdam, in the Eerste Divisie for AZ Alkmaar, Heracles Almelo and FC Volendam, and in the English Football League for Darlington. He also spent time with amateur club ADO '20.

He took up beach soccer, and was a member of the Netherlands national beach soccer team that played at the 2013 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup in Tahiti.

AZ Alkmaar
Alkmaar Zaanstreek (Dutch: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr ˈzaːnstreːk]), better known internationally as AZ Alkmaar, or simply and most commonly as AZ (pronounced [aːˈzɛt]) in the Netherlands, is a Dutch professional football club from Alkmaar and the Zaan district. The club plays in the Eredivisie, the highest professional football league in the Netherlands.

AZ won the Eredivisie in 1980–81 and 2008–09. In 1981, they also reached the UEFA Cup final, which they lost to Ipswich Town. The team has won the KNVB Cup on four occasions, and one Johan Cruyff Shield.
Henry Gregory (instrument maker)
Henry Gregory (1744–1782) was an English mathematical and optical instrument maker. Gregory was apprenticed to John Fowler in 1732 and was himself in business from c. 1750–1792 from premises in Francis Court, Clerkenwell, London and an establishment known as "The Azimuth Compass" in Leadenhall Street, London. His company later became known as Gregory and Son.

Gregory manufactured navigational instruments, including quadrants of the type invented by John Hadley and compasses. One of his azimuth compasses traveled with the explorer James Cook on his second voyage to the southern Pacific Ocean in 1772–1775. An azimuth compass is a compass fitted with vertical sights, used to take the magnetic azimuth of a star or planet. Surviving examples of the azimuth compass exist in the collections of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich and the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.

National Maritime Museum
The National Maritime Museum (NMM) is a maritime museum in Greenwich, London. It is part of Royal Museums Greenwich, a network of museums in the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site. Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, it has no general admission charge; there are admission charges for most side-gallery temporary exhibitions, usually supplemented by many loaned works from other museums.
Myron Shongwe
Myron Shongwe (born 6 May 1981 in Soweto, Gauteng) is a South African football player who played as a striker, among others for MP Black Aces in the National First Division. He has represented the South Africa Development XI, playing for them at the 2011 African Championship of Nations.

Previous clubs include AmaZulu, Black Leopards, City Pillars

AmaZulu F.C.
AmaZulu Football Club is a South African professional soccer club based in the city of Durban in the KwaZulu Natal province, that plays in the Premiership, the first tier of the South African football league system. The club's nickname, Usuthu, is the royal house of King Cetshwayo ka Mpande.
F. B. Walgampahe
F. B. Walgampahe (18?? - 1915) was the Basnayaka Nilame (the Lay Chief) of the Ancient Temple of Gadaladeniya in Gampola, Kandy. He was accused as an instigator of the 1915 Ceylonese Riots by Herbert Dowbiggin, the Inspector General of Police and died in the custody of the colonial authorities in the early part of the riots.

Inspector General of Police (Sri Lanka)
The Inspector General of Police (IGP) is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Police. They are the most senior police officer in Sri Lanka and oversees all police personnel throughout the country. The IGP reports to the Minister of Law and Order, when the Police Service is under the Ministry of Law and Order as it is currently.
Ansis Brūns
Ansis Brūns (born 30 March 1989 in Ventspils) is a Latvian javelin thrower.

His current personal best throw is 81.28 metres, which was set at the 2014 European Athletics Championships.

With a throw results of 75.31 metres, he won a bronze medal at the 2008 World Junior Championships in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

In his youth years Ansis usually competed in decathlon, switching to javelin only later on.

2014 European Athletics Championships
The 2014 European Athletics Championships was held in Zürich, Switzerland, between 12 and 17 August 2014. It was the first time that Switzerland had hosted the European Athletics Championships since 1954.

Great Britain headed the medal table, with 12 gold medals, comfortably their best return from a European championships, despite winning only one field event medal. France, second on gold medals won with 9, won the most medals, 25.
Buenos Aires wines
The Buenos Aires Province has become a producer of premium wines during the first decade of the 21st century. Vineyards are located at the southern part of the province, specially around Médanos. The activity was pioneered in lands previously dedicated to garlic and pastures.  Wine from Médanos won a Silver Medal in the 2009 Decanter World Wine Awards, the world's largest wine contest celebrated in London.

Decanter (magazine)
Decanter is a wine and wine-lifestyle media brand owned by Future plc. It includes a print and digital magazine, fine wine tasting events, a news website, a subscription website – Decanter Premium, and the Decanter World Wine Awards. The magazine, published in about 90 countries on a monthly basis, includes industry news, vintage guides and wine and spirits recommendations.
Catocala vidua
Catocala vidua, the widow underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by James Edward Smith in 1797. It is found in North America from southern Ontario, into Maine, New Hampshire and Connecticut, south at least to Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama, west to Texas and Oklahoma, and north to Wisconsin.

The wingspan is 70–80 mm. Adults are on wing from August to October. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Carya illinoinensis, Carya ovata, Carya pallida, Juglans cinerea, Juglans nigra, Quercus, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Salix.

Carya ovata
Carya ovata, the shagbark hickory, is a common hickory native to eastern North America, with two varieties. The trees can grow to quite a large size but are unreliable in their fruit output. The nut is consumed by wildlife and historically by Native Americans, who also used the wood.
Rah Sefid
Rah Sefid (Persian: راه سفيد, also Romanized as Rāh Sefīd) is a village in Arkavazi Rural District, Chavar District, Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 181, in 26 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Simon Marshall (cricketer)
Simon James Marshall (born 20 September 1982) is an English cricketer who was released by Lancashire County Cricket Club in 2008.  He bats right-handed and bowls right arm leg breaks. He was educated at Birkenhead School and Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he read Land Economy from 2001 to 2004.

Marshall has also represented Cambridge University Centre of Cricketing Excellence and made his Lancashire debut in 2005, but he made his big breakthrough in 2006. Marshall attended Birkenhead School. After four seasons with Lancashire, Marshall left at the end of the 2008 season when the club decided not to renew his contract. During his time at Lancashire, Marshall appeared in 9 first-class matches taking 15 wickets at 45.60. In 2008, Marshall played in only two first-class and four list A matches, but in his nine Twenty20 appearances for Lancashire he took 14 wickets at an average of 13.57.

Pembroke College, Cambridge
Pembroke College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college is the third-oldest college of the university and has over 700 students and fellows. It is one of the university's larger colleges, with buildings from almost every century since its founding, as well as extensive gardens. Its members are termed "Valencians". The college's Master is the art historian Rosalind Polly Blakesley.

Pembroke has a level of academic performance among the highest of all the Cambridge colleges; in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018 Pembroke was placed second in the Tompkins Table. Pembroke contains the first chapel designed by Sir Christopher Wren and is one of only six Cambridge colleges to have educated a British prime minister, in Pembroke's case William Pitt the Younger. The college library, with a Victorian neo-gothic clock tower, has an original copy of the first encyclopaedia to contain printed diagrams.
Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
The Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland was the monarch of Scotland's personal representative to the Parliament of Scotland. From the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of England in 1603, a Lord High Commissioner was appointed from among the senior nobility to represent the Scottish monarch in parliament when he or she was absent, as was usually the case up to 1707. The Act of Union 1707, which merged the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England to create the Parliament of Great Britain, rendered the post redundant.

The Lord High Commissioner represented Crown authority and sat on the throne within the parliamentary chamber. The Commissioner gave royal assent to all acts of parliament by touching the final copy of each act with the sceptre. They were the custodian of the Crown's legislative agenda and were effectively the heads of government in Scotland during this period.

Throne of England
The Throne of England is the throne of the Monarch of England. "Throne of England" also refers metonymically to the office of monarch, and monarchy itself. The term "Throne of Great Britain" has been used in reference to Sovereign's Throne in the House of Lords, from which a monarch gives his or her speech at the State opening of Parliament.
Veli Mitova
Veli Mitova is a South African philosopher, professor and director of the African Centre for Epistemology and Philosophy of Science (ACEPS) at the University of Johannesburg. 
She is known for her work on epistemic decolonisation and reasons for belief, in particular truthy psychologism.

University of Johannesburg
The University of Johannesburg, colloquially known as UJ, is a public university located in Johannesburg, South Africa. The University of Johannesburg was established on 1 January 2005 as the result of a merger between the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), the Technikon Witwatersrand (TWR) and the Soweto and East Rand campuses of Vista University. Prior to the merger, the Daveyton and Soweto campuses of former Vista University had been incorporated into RAU. As a result of the merger of Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), it is common for alumni to refer to the university as RAU.

The institution is one of the largest comprehensive contact universities in South Africa from the 26 public universities that make up the higher education system. UJ has a student population of more than 50,000, of whom more than 3,000 are international students from 80 countries.
Aazhi
Aazhi (transl. Sea) is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film directed and produced by Boban Kunchacko and written by E. Mosus. The film stars Thilakan, Captain Raju, Baby Shalini and Chithra in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Raj Kamal.

Captain Raju
Raju Daniel (27 June 1950 – 17 September 2018), better known by his stage name Captain Raju, was an Indian actor and former army officer. He acted in more than 600 films in various languages, including Malayalam, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and English. He was best known for his performances in character roles, and as a villain. He also appeared in television serials and advertisements and has also directed two Malayalam films. The comic professional assassin character called Pavanayi that he played in the movie Nadodikkattu developed a cult status in Malayalam cinema.
Nouvelle tendance
Nouvelle Tendance (New Tendency) was an art movement founded in Yugoslavia in 1961. The "theoretician" of the group was Croatian art critic Matko Meštrović. The other original founders of Nouvelle Tendance were Brazilian painter Almir Mavignier, and Božo Bek, the Croatian director of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb.

Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb
The Museum of Contemporary Art (Croatian: Muzej suvremene umjetnosti, often abbreviated to MSU) is a contemporary art museum located on Dubrovnik Avenue in Zagreb, Croatia. It is the biggest and most modern museum in the country. Vesna Meštrić is current director of MSU, replacing Zdenka Badovinac in late 2023 first temporarily and as of 2024 officially.
Evandro Oliveira
Evandro Gonçalves de Oliveira Junior (born 17 July 1990) is a Brazilian beach volleyball player.

Oliveira competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in the men's beach volleyball tournament along with his partner Pedro Solberg, falling in the quarterfinals. In 2017, he became world champion along with his partner André Stein, after winning the 2017 Beach Volleyball World Championships in Vienna, Austria.

Oliveira represented Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics with Bruno Oscar Schmidt, coming in 9th.

2017 Beach Volleyball World Championships
The 2017 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships (also known as the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships presented by A1 due to sponsorship reasons) was the eleventh edition of the tournament and the world championship for the sport of beach volleyball for both men and women. The tournament was held from 28 July to 6 August 2017 in Vienna, Austria. The tournament had a prize money of USD $500,000 per gender.
Paveway
Paveway is a series of laser-guided bombs (LGBs).

Pave or PAVE is sometimes used as an acronym for precision avionics vectoring equipment; literally, electronics for controlling the speed and direction of aircraft. Laser guidance is a form of Pave.

Pave, paired with other words, is the first name for various laser systems that designate targets for LGBs, for example Pave Penny, Pave Spike, Pave Tack and Pave Knife, and for specialized military aircraft, such as AC-130U Pave Spectre, MH-53 Pave Low, and HH-60 Pave Hawk.

Pave Penny
The Lockheed Martin AN/AAS-35(V) Pave Penny is a laser spot tracker carried by US Air Force attack aircraft and fighter-bombers enabling them to track a laser spot on the ground. It is a receiver only, allowing the pilot to see which targets are marked by a laser designator.

Pave Penny does not produce a laser beam and cannot be used to designate targets, designed for use with laser designators on the ground or on other aircraft. PAVE was later used as an backronym meaning Precision Avionics Vectoring Equipment.
Kitab al-Maghazi (ibn 'Uqba)
Kitab al-Maghazi (Arabic: كتاب المغازي) is a classical biographical work on the Prophet Muhammad authored by Musa ibn ʿUqba in the second century AH (eighth century CE). Compiled during the formative period of Islamic historiography, it is arguably the earliest surviving work in the sīrah tradition. The manuscript remained lost until Eduard Sachau rediscovered it, and a critical edition was published by Ibn Zohr University in 1994. Influenced by Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, whose work bore a similar title, it is generally considered authentic and reliable, though some of its reports have been questioned by scholars.

Musa ibn ʿUqba
Mūsā ibn ʿUqbah ibn Abī ʿAyyāsh al-Asadi al-Miṭraqī (Arabic: موسى بن عقبة بن أبي عياش الأسدي المطرفي; d. 758/759 CE), commonly known with his honorific as Mūsā ibn ʿUqba ([/ˈmuː.saː ʔibn ʕuq.ba/]), was an early Medinan historian, jurist and traditionalist, a freedman of the family of al-Zubayr, as well as a pupil of Urwa ibn al-Zubayr and al-Zuhri. Imam Malik studied under him and held him in high esteem. Musa was also an expert on maghāzī, the accounts of the Prophet’s military expeditions within on the Sīrah. He composed a maghāzī work long thought became extinct sometime around the 15th to 17th century, but a manuscript containing two-thirds of the book was rediscovered in 2021.
Plinth Assemblage
The Plinth Assemblage, also known as the Plinth Formation, is an accreted terrane of igneous rocks in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located just north of the Lillooet River and on the northern flank of the Mount Meager massif. It is named after Plinth Peak, a peak made of Plinth Assemblage rocks.

This geological formation is one of the largest comprising the Mount Meager massif. Formed during an onset of volcanic activity about 100,000 years ago, the Plinth Assemblage consists of light grey porphyritic rhyodacite with phenocrysts of plagioclase, quartz, minor biotite and rare hornblende. The 600 m (2,000 ft) of Mount Meager itself is made of Plinth Assemblage rocks and was the southern source of Plinth Assemblage lava flows and breccias.

The Plinth Assemblage represents a minor portion of the Pacific Ranges of the southern Coast Mountains.

Rhyodacite
Rhyodacite is a volcanic rock intermediate in composition between dacite and rhyolite.  It is the extrusive equivalent of those plutonic rocks that are intermediate in composition between monzogranite and granodiorite. Rhyodacites form from rapid cooling of lava relatively rich in silica and low in alkali metal oxides.
Kleinwallstadt
Kleinwallstadt is a market municipality in the Miltenberg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the like-named Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community).

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Quarter-zipper
A quarter-zipper or quarter-zip is a type of sweater with a zipper that goes down from the neck to the chest (i.e., about a quarter of the garment's length).

The style originated as sportswear in the mid 20th century. The zipper allowed the collar to be opened as needed to regulate temperature. It was then used as leisurewear too.

In the 2020s, this style of garment is popular as smart casual wear.  As dress codes are made more casual to accommodate trends, such as working from home, the quarter-zipper is increasingly worn as stylish work wear, replacing the traditional business suit.

Zipper
A zipper (N. America), zip, zip fastener (UK), formerly known as a clasp locker, is a commonly used device for binding together two edges of fabric or other flexible material. Used in clothing (e.g. jackets and jeans), luggage and other bags, camping gear (e.g. tents and sleeping bags), and many other items, zippers come in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and colors. In 1892, Whitcomb L. Judson, an American inventor from Chicago, patented the original design from which the modern device evolved.

The zipper gets its name from a brand of rubber boots (or galoshes) it was used on in 1923. The galoshes could be fastened with a single zip of the hand, and soon the hookless fasteners came to be called "Zippers".