hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexei Ivanovich Vvedensky
Alexei Ivanovich Vvedensky (Russian: Алексей Иванович Введенский) was a Russian botanist.

In 1947, botanist Yevgeni Korovin published Vvedenskya, which is a genus of flowering plants from Uzbekistan belonging to the family Apiaceae and it was named in Alexei Ivanovich Vvedensky's honour.

446 names of plant species have been published by Vvedensky.

The standard author abbreviation Vved. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
2002 Ýokary Liga
2002 Ýokary Liga season was the 10th edition of the top tier professional Yokary Liga football annual competition in Turkmenistan administered by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan. Nine teams contested.

Football Federation of Turkmenistan
The Football Federation of Turkmenistan  (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Futbol Federasiýasy; TFF) is the governing body of football and futsal in Turkmenistan. It is responsible for the national team, as well as club competitions
Nizhny Katrukh
Nizhny Katrukh (Russian: Нижний Катрух; Azerbaijani: Ашағы Гатрух, Aşağı Qatrux) is a rural locality (a selo) in Rutulsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 481 (2021 Census); 710 (2002 Census); 683 (1989 Soviet census). There are 4 streets.

Rutulsky District
Rutulsky District (Russian: Руту́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 2,188 square kilometers (845 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Rutul. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 22,926, with the population of Rutul accounting for 18.0% of that number.
Don McLeary
Howard Donald McLeary (born January 2, 1948) is an American politician and former college football player and coach. He was a member of the Tennessee Senate representing the 27th district, which is composed of Madison, Gibson, and Carroll counties.

Madison County, Tennessee
Madison County is a county located in the western part of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 98,823. Its county seat is Jackson. Madison County is included in the Jackson metropolitan area.
Barrientos Island
Barrientos Island is a small, ice-free island in the Aitcho group on the west side of English Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Extending 1.71 by 0.54 km (1.063 by 0.336 mi), surface area 65 hectares (160 acres).  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.  Barrientos Island is a popular tourist site frequented by Antarctic cruise ships.

The feature was named by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition in 1949.

English Strait
English Strait is the 10.5-mile (17-km) long and 1.2-mile (2-km) wide strait lying between Greenwich Island and Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Trending southeast-northwest, and entered between Santa Cruz Point and Edwards Point in the south, and Fort William Point and Okol Rocks, Aitcho Islands in the north.  The name dates back to 1822 and is established in international usage.
Dario Resta
Dario Raoul Resta (17 August 1882 – 3 September 1924), was a British racing driver. He is best remembered for his successes racing Championship cars in the United States. The 1916 American National Champion, Resta was the winner of the 1916 Indianapolis 500, as well as the Vanderbilt Cup in 1915 and 1916.

Brooklands
Brooklands was a 2.767-mile (4.453 km) motor racing circuit and aerodrome built near Weybridge in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. It opened in 1907 and was the world's first purpose-built 'banked' motor racing circuit as well as one of Britain's first airfields, which also became Britain's largest aircraft manufacturing centre by 1918, producing military aircraft such as the Wellington and civil airliners like the Viscount and VC10.

The circuit hosted its last race in August 1939 and today part of it forms the Brooklands Museum, a major aviation and motoring museum, as well as a venue for vintage car, motorcycle and other transport-related events.
Stratus cloud
Stratus clouds are  low-level clouds characterized by horizontal layering with a uniform  base, as opposed to convective or cumuliform clouds formed by rising thermals. The term stratus describes flat, hazy, featureless clouds at low altitudes varying in color from dark gray to nearly white. The word stratus is derived from the prefix Strato- meaning 'layer'. Stratus clouds may produce a light drizzle or a small amount of snow. These clouds are essentially above-ground fog formed either through the lifting of morning fog or through cold air moving at low altitudes. Some call these clouds "high fog" for their fog-like form.

Cloud base
A cloud base (or the base of the cloud) is the lowest altitude of the visible portion of a cloud. It is traditionally expressed either in metres or feet above mean sea level or above a planetary surface, or as the pressure level corresponding to this altitude in hectopascals (hPa, equivalent to the millibar).
Sachs/Judah Productions
Sachs/Judah Productions is a film and television production company owned by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah. It was formed after the two produced the Postcards from America pilot for HBO.

It was originally set up at Studios USA on July 17, 2001. The company had several pilots like Homeward Bound that didn't get past the pilot stage. It set up network projects on November 11, 2002, with deals at NBC and ABC, most notably for sitcom project commitments. The company moved its offices to Touchstone Television on June 9, 2004, for a two-year production agreement.

Gabe Sachs
Gabe Sachs is an American television producer, who has been a writer/producer with partner Jeff Judah for a number of primetime television shows and movies including Freaks & Geeks, Just Shoot Me, Undeclared, Life As We Know It, 90210, What About Brian, and The Night Shift.  Sachs & Judah were also writers on the hit movies Diary Of A Wimpy Kid and Diary Of A Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules.
Death and state funeral of Abulfaz Elchibey
Abulfaz Elchibey, the second President of Azerbaijan, died on 22 August 2000 of cancer and received a state funeral in Baku attended by then-President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev. Elchibey was buried at the Alley of Honor in Baku. The funeral was attended by about 50,000 people who carried Elchibey's coffin on their arms. Obituaries for Elchibey were published in The Guardian, The Washington Post, The New York Times and elsewhere.

President of Azerbaijan
The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti) is the head of state of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", and "shall have the right of immunity [from prosecution]." The president rules through his executive office, the Presidential Administration, consisting of a group of secretaries and departmental ministers. Additionally, there is a Cabinet of Ministers regarding economic and social policy and a Security Council regarding foreign, military, and judicial matters.

The primary workplace is the presidential building (also known as the presidential apparatus) on Istiglaliyyat Street in Baku. Ilham Aliyev, son of the former president, Heydar, was elected the 4th and current president on 31 October 2003 after his father's resignation due to his deteriorating health.
Glencoe (Glencoe, Maryland)
Glencoe is a historic home and resort complex located at Glencoe, Baltimore County, Maryland. It consists if a complex of Italianate-influenced domestic buildings and structures, clustered around a square, two-story frame dwelling. The house features a broad porch, which wraps around two sides with an iron-railed deck atop the porch. Four interior brick chimneys rise around a central observation deck. The property also includes a two-story, mansard roofed stable / carriage house, a smokehouse, ice house, sheep shed, garden house (probably a former chicken house), and a latticed frame gazebo. It was built in 1851-1856 as a private residence, but was subsequently developed as a summer resort.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Exterior of Glencoe House Taken From Front Driveway

Sign in front of Glencoe House, Circa 1810

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Louisa Catherine Shore
Louisa Catherine Shore (February 1824, Potton, Bedfordshire – 24 May 1895 Wimbledon, England) was an English poet. She was an active writer who often worked with her sister, Arabella Susanna Shore. They were both taught by their elder sister, who died young, but is now known as a diarist.

Potton
Potton is a town and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England, about 10 miles (16 km) east of the county town Bedford. The parish had a population of 5,727 in 2021. In 1783 the Great Fire of Potton destroyed a large part of the town. The parish church dates from the 13th century, and is dedicated to St Mary. Potton's horse fairs were some of the largest in the country.
Manuel Lezama Leguizamón Sagarminaga
Marcos Sergio Bautista Manuel de Lezama Leguizamón Sagarminaga (1862–1924) was a Spanish entrepreneur and politician who developed the family-owned mining conglomerate that controlled iron ore, carbon, fluorite, anhydrite and plaster mines in Vascongadas and Asturias, and politically supported the Traditionalist cause. In the 1910s he led the Carlist provincial organisation in Biscay but in 1919 he joined the breakaway Mellistas. His political career climaxed in 1921–1923, when he served two terms in the Senate. In 1907–1911 he held a seat in the Biscay self-government Diputación Provincial, and in 1893–1897 he was a member of Bilbao town hall.

Spanish names of the Basque Country
In the Spanish public discourse the territory traditionally inhabited by the Basques was assigned a variety of names across the centuries. Terms used might have been almost identical, with hardly noticeable difference in content and connotation, or they could have varied enormously, also when consciously used one against another. The names used demonstrate changing perceptions of the area and until today the nomenclature employed could be battleground between partisans of different options.
Mark Chance
Mark Chance is an American chemist currently interested in structural and cellular proteomics. He is currently the Charles W. and Iona A. Mathias Professor of Cancer Research at Case Western Reserve University.

Chance was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for his contributions to advancements in structural biology and chemistry. He served as Vice Dean for Research in the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine from 2011 to late 2021. He also established the Center for Synchrotron Biosciences in 1994 to facilitate access to structural biology resources at Brookhaven National Laboratory; the center was awarded second prize in the 2017 Sharing Research Resources Award by the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC).

Cancer research
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.

Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and compare applications of the various cancer treatments. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. Starting in the mid-1990s, the emphasis in clinical cancer research shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as cancer immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Cancer research is done in academia, research institutes, and corporate environments, and is largely government funded.
Black Black
Black Black (ブラックブラック, Burakku Burakku) is a brand of caffeinated chewing gum produced in Japan by Lotte that has been sold since 1983. It is popular in Japan, partially due to its television commercials that star Jean-Claude Van Damme. After being mentioned by Wired in 2003, which described its effect as "Sambuca spiked with Vicks VapoRub", Lotte Black Black became popular in the United States. The gum's name is derived from its charcoal-like color.

Ingredients include sugar, starch syrup, grape sugar, erythritol, oolong tea extract, ginkgo extract, chrysanthemum flower extract, gum base, flavorings, coloring agents (cacao, gardenia), caffeine, and nicotinamide.  A persistent urban legend holds that the gum contains nicotine, the misconception stemming from confusion with nicotinamide, a different substance related to the B vitamins.

Cocoa solids
Dry cocoa solids are the components of cocoa beans remaining after cocoa butter, the fatty component of the bean, is extracted from chocolate liquor, roasted cocoa beans that have been ground into a liquid state. Cocoa butter is 46% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid.

Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization.

Other definitions of cocoa solids, especially legal ones, include all cocoa ingredients (cocoa mass, cocoa powder and cocoa butter). In this case, cocoa solids without cocoa butter are specified as non-fat cocoa solids.
2008 FEI World Cup Jumping final
The 2008 FEI World Cup Jumping Final was the 30th final of the FEI World Cup Jumping show jumping series. It was held at the Scandinavium in Gothenburg, Sweden from April 24 to April 27, 2008 for the twelfth time during the 2008 Göteborg Horse Show. Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum of Germany won the event riding Shutterfly.

Scandinavium
Scandinavium (Swedish pronunciation: [skandɪˈnɑ̌ːvɪɵm]) is an indoor arena located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Construction on Scandinavium began in 1969 after decades of setbacks, and was inaugurated on 18 May 1971.

Scandinavium has been selected as a championship arena at least fifty times, hosting events such as World Championships in handball and ice hockey, European championships, Davis Cup finals, and in 1985 the Eurovision Song Contest. Scandinavium is the home arena for Frölunda HC of Swedish Hockey League and venue for the annual Göteborg Horse Show. Frölunda has won the Le Mat Trophy, awarded to the winner of the SHL, four times since it began playing at the venue, most recently in 2019.
Jane Patterson
Jane Patterson Priddis, Alberta is a female judoka from Canada. She competed for her native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, where she was defeated in the first round of the repêchage.

Patterson won two bronze medals at the 1991 Pan American Games, in the Women's Heavyweight (+ 72 kg) and in the Women's Open Class division. She was affiliated with the Shidokan Judo Club in Montreal.

1991 Pan American Games
The 1991 Pan American Games, officially known as the XI Pan American Games (Spanish: XI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Havana 1991 (Spanish: La Habana 1991), were held in Havana, Cuba from 2 to 18 August 1991. There were 4,519 athletes from 39 countries of the PASO community, with events in 33 different sports. The main stadium was the Estadio Panamericano, a multi-use stadium in Havana that holds 50,000 people.
Assault on Saragossa
Assault on Saragossa is a history painting of 1845 by the Polish artist January Suchodolski. It depicts the Siege of Zaragoza of 1808 during the Peninsular War, part of the wider Napoleonic Wars. French troops are shown assaulting a breach in the wall of the Spanish city. Spanish fighters crowd the windows above them, firing muskets at the French soldiers. The siege ended in a Spanish victory, inspiring the Guerrilla War against the French occupiers and encouraging military intervention from the British Army based in Portugal. Nonetheless, later in the year the French returned and captured the city. Suchodolski had been a student of the French artist Horace Vernet, and visually the work reflects the style of Vernet. Today the painting is in the National Museum in Warsaw.

Siege of Zaragoza (1809)
The siege of Zaragoza was the French capture of the Spanish city of Zaragoza (also known as Saragossa) in 1809 during the Peninsular War. It was particularly noted for its brutality. The city was heavily outnumbered against the French. Afterwards, a great part of the city lay in ruins, and the garrison had suffered 24,000 deaths along with 30,000 civilians deaths.
Bill Greentree
Bill Greentree (born 12 December 1969) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Parramatta Eels.

Greentree, a hooker, came to Parramatta via Dubbo and was a NSW Schoolboys representative player. He debuted in first-grade in round 10 of the 1990 NSWRL season, initially playing off the bench. When he made his first appearance as starting hooker five rounds later, he scored two tries, as the Eels defeated the Gold Coast by 40 points. He remained with Parramatta until 1993, amassing 27 NSWRL games.

Dubbo
Dubbo (/ˈdʌboʊ/ DUB-oh; Wiradjuri: Dhubu) is a city in the Orana Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the largest population centre in the Orana region, with a population of 43,516 at June 2021.

The city is located at the intersection of the Newell, Mitchell, and Golden highways. Dubbo officially became a city in the year 1966. Dubbo is located roughly 275 m (902 ft) above sea level, 303 km (188 mi) north-west of Sydney (400 km (249 mi) by road) and is a major road and rail freight hub to other parts of New South Wales. It is linked by national highways north to Brisbane and Charleville, south towards Melbourne and Canberra, east to Sydney, Newcastle and Gosford and west to Broken Hill and Adelaide.

Dubbo is included in the rainfall and weather forecast region for the Central West Slopes and in the Central West Slopes and Plains division of the Bureau of Meteorology forecasts.
Doug Evans (American football)
Douglas Edwards Evans (born May 13, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs and was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the sixth round of the 1993 NFL draft with the 141st overall pick. He won Super Bowl XXXI with the 1996 Green Bay Packers against the New England Patriots. Evans also played for the Carolina Panthers, the Seattle Seahawks, and the Detroit Lions. In 2001, he set a Panthers franchise record with 8 interceptions.

1993 NFL draft
The 1993 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 25–26, 1993, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year, but the New York Giants and Kansas City Chiefs forfeited their first and second round picks, respectively, due to selecting quarterback Dave Brown and defensive end Darren Mickell in the 1992 supplemental draft.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the New England Patriots selected quarterback Drew Bledsoe.
James Arthur Mathieu
James Arthur Mathieu (August 21, 1869 – November 23, 1966) was known as "the last of the lumber kings," as well as "the Mighty Man of the Woods" and "the Lath King of America." Born in Alma, Wisconsin., he became an Ontario lumber merchant, philanthropist and political figure. He represented Rainy River in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario initially as a Liberal-Conservative in 1911, and then as a Conservative from 1914 to 1923 and 1926 to 1929.

1929 Ontario general election
The 1929 Ontario general election was the 18th general election held in the province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on October 30, 1929, to elect the 112 Members of the 18th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").
Shylock (musical)
Shylock is a musical based on Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, adapted and composed by Ed Dixon debuted at the York Theatre in 1987 with Dixon in the title role. The performance garnered him a Drama Desk nomination for Best Actor in a Musical. The cast included Lisa Vroman, Charles Pistone, Dennis Parlato, Ann Brown and Joel Fredricks. Kathline Rubbico was musical director with sets and costumes by James Morgan and lighting by Marcia Madeira. Lloyd Battista was the director. According to Dixon, Shylock was an attempt to sympathetically explain the motivations of the eponymous character.

Shylock
Shylock (/ˈʃaɪlɒk/ SHY-lok) is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice (c. 1600). A Venetian Jewish moneylender, Shylock is the play's principal villain. His defeat and forced conversion to Christianity form the climax of the story.

Shylock's characterisation is composed of stereotypes, for instance greediness and vengefulness, although there were no legally practising Jews who lived in England during Shakespeare's time. Jews were expelled from the country in 1290 by Edward I in the Edict of Expulsion; this was not reversed until the mid-17th century (the Cromwell Era).
1844 in birding and ornithology
Death of Adolphe-Simon Neboux

Richard Owen describes Anomalopteryx and publishes  History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds (1844–1846)

Graceanna Lewis (1821–1912) writes and illustrates A Natural History of Birds

Death of Gaetano Savi

Jerdon's leafbird described by Edward Blyth

Johann Jakob von Tschudi publishes Untersuchungen uber die Fauna Perus (1844–47)

George Robert Gray  publishes Genera of Birds (1844–49), illustrated by David William Mitchell and Joseph Wolf

Death of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

Fauna Japonica Aves commenced (1844–1850)

Johann Jakob Kaup publishes Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel

Last great auk killed 3 July 1844 on Eldey, Iceland

Pierre Adolphe Delattre publishes Ornithologie d'Europe Douai

Joseph Wolf
Joseph Wolf (22 January 1820 – 20 April 1899) was a German artist who specialized in natural history illustration. He moved to the British Museum in 1848 and became the preferred illustrator for explorers and naturalists including David Livingstone, Alfred Russel Wallace and Henry Walter Bates. Wolf depicted animals accurately in lifelike postures and is considered one of the great pioneers of wildlife art. Sir Edwin Landseer thought him "...without exception, the best all-round animal artist who ever lived".