hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Discovery and development of cephalosporins
Cephalosporins are a broad class of bactericidal antibiotics that include the β-lactam ring and share a structural similarity and mechanism of action with other β-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, carbapenems and monobactams). The cephalosporins (and other β-lactams) have the ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting essential steps in the bacterial cell wall synthesis which in the end results in osmotic lysis and death of the bacterial cell. Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics because of their clinical efficiency and desirable safety profile.

The cephalosporins are diverse in their antibacterial spectrum, water solubility, acid tolerability, oral bioavailability, biological half-life and other properties. Therefore, the cephalosporins can be further classified into generations depending on antibacterial activity, time of invention and structural basis.

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
Anielin Swędowski
Anielin Swędowski (Polish pronunciation: [aˈɲɛlin sfɛnˈdɔfskʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stryków, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Stryków, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and 16 km (10 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
Kristian Hammer
Kristian Hammer (born 20 March 1976 in Narvik) is a Norwegian nordic combined skier who has been competing since 1995 while representing Eidsvoll IL. He grew up on Setermoen in Bardu Municipality.

Hammer has three medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with two golds (4 x 5 km team: 2001, 2005) and one bronze (7.5 km sprint: 2005). His best individual finish at the Winter Olympics was 8th in the 15 km individual event at Salt Lake City in 2002.

Hammer has a total of eight individual victories in both 7.5 km sprint and 15 km individual from 1999 to 2001. He is currently the head coach of the Norwegian Nordic Combined national team.

Narvik (town)
Narvikⓘ (Norwegian) or Áhkánjárga (Northern Sami) is a town and the administrative centre of Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The town is located along the Ofotfjorden in the Ofoten region. The town lies on a peninsula located between the Rombaken fjord and the Beisfjorden. The European route E06 highway runs through the Beisfjord Bridge and Hålogaland Bridge crossing the two small fjords surrounding the town.

The 6.93-square-kilometre (1,710-acre) town has a population (2023) of 14,051 which gives the town a population density of 2,028 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,250/sq mi).

Narvik Church is the main church for the town. Narvik is a commercial centre for the region. The Narvik campus of the University of Tromsø has approximately 1,200 students in the town. There are some high-tech businesses in Narvik (among them Natech).
Birthday cake
A birthday cake is a cake eaten as part of birthday celebrations. While there is no standard for birthday cakes, they are typically highly decorated layer cakes covered in frosting, often featuring birthday wishes ("Happy birthday") followed by the celebrant's name. In many cultures, it is also customary to serve the birthday cake with small lit candles on top, especially in the case of a child's birthday. The cake often accompanies the singing of "Happy Birthday to You". Variations include cupcakes, cake pops, pastries, and tarts.

Cake decorating
Cake decorating is the art of decorating a cake for special occasions such as birthdays, weddings, baby showers, national or religious holidays or as a promotional item.

It is a form of sugar art that uses materials such as icing, fondant, frosting and other edible decorations. An artisan may use simple or elaborate three-dimensional shapes as a part of the decoration, or on the entire cake. Chocolate is regularly used to decorate cakes as it can be melted and mixed with cream to make a ganache. Cocoa powder and powered sugar are often used in the process and can be lightly dusted as a finishing touch.

Cake decoration has been featured on TV channels such as TLC, Food Network, and Discovery Family as a form of entertainment. Cake Boss is a well known TLC program dedicated to the art behind cake decorating.
2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group A
The 2019–20 Ranji Trophy was the 86th season of the Ranji Trophy, the first-class cricket tournament that took place in India. It was contested by 38 teams, divided into four groups, with nine teams in Group A. The group stage ran from 9 December 2019 to 15 February 2020. The top five teams across Group A and Group B progressed to the quarter-finals of the competition.

Ahead of the final round of group stage matches, Gujarat and Andhra had qualified for the quarter-finals from Group A. Bengal were the third and final team from Group A to progress, after beating Punjab by 48 runs in their final match. Kerala and Hyderabad finished in the last two places across groups A and B and were relegated for the next season.

Punjab cricket team (India)
The Punjab cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents the Indian state of Punjab. They have qualified for only one Ranji Trophy semi-final in the last five seasons and made it to the final in the 2004–05 tournament, where they lost to Railways in the first innings. They also play in other domestic cricket tournaments in India. They have been winners of the Ranji Trophy only once, in the 1992–93 season. In 2023-24, they won their maiden Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Nakkar Shamali (North)
Nakkar Shamali (North)
is a small village in Bhimber District with a population over 700, out of which nearly 80 are living abroad, mostly UK. Literacy rate is above 90%. Over 60 families reside in this village. A majority of the population are Jats. The Government High School Panjeri is few kilometers from this village where people from many nearby villages get their primary and even secondary schooling. For higher studies, people move to the nearby cities, specially Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. Masjid Pir Taj Ud Din is the Jamia Masjid of this village and many other nearby villages.

Mirpur, Azad Kashmir
Mirpur (Potwari: مرپر [mɪɾˈpəɾᵊ]; Urdu: ميرپور [miːɾˈpuːɾ]), officially known as New Mirpur City, is the capital of Mirpur district located in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the second largest city of Azad Kashmir and the 74th most populous city in Pakistan.

A significant portion of the population from the district, the Mirpuri diaspora, migrated to the United Kingdom in the mid-to-late 1950s and in the early 1960s. Mirpur is thus sometimes known as "Little England". Many British products are found, and many shops in the city accept the pound sterling.
2000 Ballon d'Or
The 2000 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Luís Figo on 19 December 2000. On 13 November 2000, the shortlist of 50 male players compiled by a group of experts from France Football was announced.

Figo was the second Portuguese player to win the award after Eusébio (1965). He was also the third Real Madrid player to win the trophy after Alfredo Di Stéfano (1957, 1959) and Raymond Kopa (1958).

Raymond Kopa
Raymond Kopa (né Kopaszewski; 13 October 1931 – 3 March 2017) was a French professional footballer, integral to the France national team of the 1950s. At club level he was part of the legendary Real Madrid team of the 1950s, winning three European Cups.

Considered one of the greatest players of all-time, Kopa was a forward or an attacking midfielder who was quick, agile and known for his dribbling, playmaking, and prolific scoring. In 1958, Kopa was awarded the Ballon d'Or. In 1970, he became the first football player to receive the Legion of Honour. In 2004, Pelé named him one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards Ceremony.
Kleppa
Kleppa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Herman Kleppa (born 1996), Norwegian footballer

Magnhild Meltveit Kleppa (born 1948), Norwegian politician

Ole J. Kleppa (1920–2007), Norwegian-born physical chemist

Magnhild Meltveit Kleppa
Magnhild Meltveit Kleppa (born 12 November 1948 in Fister, Norway) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.

Kleppa is educated as a teacher at Kristiansand Teacher Training College in 1970. She worked as a teacher from 1967 to 1992. She was a member of the Hjelmeland municipal council during the 1980s and a member of the Norwegian Parliament from 1993 until 2013. She then served as Governor of Rogaland County from 2013 to 2019.
East Retford Rural District
East Retford was a rural district in Nottinghamshire, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from East Retford rural sanitary district.  It entirely surrounded Retford, which was a municipal borough itself.

In 1935 it took in the area of the Misterton Rural District under a County Review Order.

The district survived until 1974 when it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972.  It went to form part of the new Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, except the Finningley parish which became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire.

Municipal borough
A municipal borough was a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1836 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in Scotland from 1833 to 1975 with the reform of royal burghs and creation of police burghs.
The Old Ballroom
The Old Ballroom (German: Das alte Ballhaus) is a 1925 German silent drama film directed by Wolfgang Neff and starring Carl Auen, Olga Chekhova, and Sybill Morel. It was released in two parts, both of which premiered on the same day in Berlin.

The film sets were designed by the art director Franz Seemann.

Wolfgang Neff
Wolfgang Neff (8 September 1875 – disappeared 1945) was an Austrian film director. He directed 50 films between 1920 and 1930. He was born in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic).

In January 1922, he founded Work-Film GmbH (1922–1925), and in October 1923, he became the sole owner of India-Film GmbH (1923–1929). His mountain film, The Death Road on the Bernina, was the last German silent film released in 1931. With the advent of sound cinema, he no longer received directing assignments.
Code page 921
Code page 921 (CCSID 921) (also known as CP 921, IBM 00921) is a code page used under IBM AIX and DOS to write the Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian languages. It is an extension of ISO/IEC 8859-13. The original code page matched ISO/IEC 8859-13 directly.

Code page 901 (CCSID 901) replaces the currency sign (¤) at position 0xA4 with the euro sign (€).

IBM AIX
AIX (pronounced /ˌeɪ.aɪ.ˈɛks/ ay-eye-EKS) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM since 1986. The name stands for "Advanced Interactive eXecutive". Current versions are designed to work with Power ISA based server and workstation computers such as IBM's Power line.
1958 NBA playoffs
The 1958 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1957–58 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks defeating the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.

It was the second straight year the Celtics and Hawks met in the Finals; they met four out of five years, with the Celtics winning three series and the Hawks one.

This was the first (and as of 2024, only) title in Hawks franchise history. St. Louis made it to the NBA Finals four times in five years between 1957–1961, but since moving to Atlanta in 1968, they have had considerably less success in the playoffs.

1957–58 NBA season
The 1957–58 NBA season was the 12th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the St. Louis Hawks winning the NBA Championship, beating the Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.
Niagara Stars
The Niagara Stars played in the independent Canadian Baseball League that existed for half of the summer season of 2003 before folding. Located in the city of Welland, Ontario the team featured a variety of international ballplayers from Canada, the Dominican Republic, and the United States. The Stars were managed by former major leaguer Pete LaCock who led the team to a 15-15 record before league officials pulled the plug on the season at the half-way point. Dave MacLean worked as a member of the front office staff, supplying the team with its only working desktop computer.

Canadian Baseball League
The Canadian Baseball League (CBL) is a professional independent baseball league based in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is composed of nine teams, who annually play a home-and-away season from May to August. The top eight teams at the end of the season qualify for a postseason tournament in September that determines the league's champion, who are awarded the Dominico Cup.

The league was founded in 1919 as the Intercounty Baseball League (IBL), and was a semi-professional league for the majority of its existence. It was fully-professionalized and rebranded to the CBL ahead of its 2026 season. More than 23 franchises have competed in the league in its 107-year history, with the Guelph Royals and Kitchener Panthers – both charter members – being the longest-tenured. As of its 2025 season, the Welland Jackfish are the current champions, while the Stratford Nationals, a defunct franchise, have won the most championships (16).
Long Lake station
Long Lake is a commuter railroad station on Metra's Milwaukee District North Line in Long Lake, Illinois. The station is located at Decorah Avenue and IL 134; is 46.1 miles (74.2 km) away from Chicago Union Station, the southern terminus of the line; and serves commuters between Union Station and Fox Lake, Illinois. In Metra's zone-based fare system, Long Lake is in zone four. As of 2018, Long Lake was the 192nd busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 93 weekday boardings. Long Lake station is a stone covered shelter with a parking lot on Main Street and Decorah Avenue.

As of February 15, 2024, Long Lake is served (mainly as a flag stop) by 27 trains (12 inbound, 15 outbound) on weekdays; by 18 trains (nine in each direction) on Saturdays; and by all 18 trains (nine in each direction) on Sundays and holidays.

Illinois Route 134
Illinois Route 134 (IL 134) is a 5.62-mile-long (9.04 km) east–west state route in northeastern Illinois. It runs from U.S. Route 12 (US 12) and IL 59 in Fox Lake to IL 120 (Belvidere Road) in Hainesville.
Kyushu bitterling
The Kyushu bitterling (Rhodeus atremius)  is a temperate freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acheilognathidae, the bitterlings. It originates on Kyushu Island in Japan. It was originally described as Acanthorhodeus atremius by Jordan & Thompson in 1914. The fish reaches a size of up to 6 cm (2.5 in), and is native to freshwater habitats with a pH of 6.8 to 7.8, a hardness of 20 DH, and a temperature of 10 to 25 °C (50 to 77 °F).

When spawning, the females deposit their eggs inside bivalves, where they hatch and the young remain until they can swim.

There were two currently recognised subspecies, Rhodeus atremius atremius and R. a. suigensis, but suigensis is now considered to be a separate valid species Rhodeus suigensis.

Hard water
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.

Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits. It can pose critical problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water.

In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of foam formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects.
Dani Silva
Daniel Filipe Bandeira e Silva (born 11 April 2000), commonly known as Dani Silva, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Pafos FC, on loan from Danish Superliga club FC Midtjylland.

Vitória S.C. B
Vitória Sport Clube B, commonly known as Vitória de Guimarães B, is a Portuguese professional football team based in Guimarães, which serves as the reserve side of Vitória Sport Clube. They compete in the Campeonato de Portugal, the fourth division of Portuguese football, and play their home matches at the club's 2,500-capacity Academia do Vitória S.C. training facility.

Vitória SC B was founded in 2012 and its only purpose is to develop players for the first team in a competitive context, in order to sustain the first team now and in the future.

Reserve teams in Portugal play in the same league system as the senior team, rather than in a reserve team league. However, they cannot play in the same division as their senior team, so Vitória B is ineligible for promotion to the Primeira Liga and cannot play in the Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga.
Fumiya Sankai
Fumiya Sankai (三海 郁弥, Sankai Fumiya; born March 19, 1995) is a Japanese vlogger, actor, recording artist and influencer in the Philippines. He has been active in his YouTube Channel, FumiShun Base, since 2015. His fame grew when he became the first full Japanese official housemate in Pinoy Big Brother: Otso, a reality TV show for Filipinos. The "Konnichi-Wonder Vlogger ng Japan", as he is called, Fumiya finished the 9-month running show as the 5th big placer.

In September 2024, Fumiya launched a joint TikTok page with his then-girlfriend, Kate Valdez, called Onigiri Lovers. The former couple also posts vlogs on YouTube, under the same name. However, the page discontinued in February 2026 following their break up announcement.

Hamamatsu
Hamamatsu (浜松市, Hamamatsu-shi) is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. In September 2023, the city had an estimated population of 780,128 in 340,591 households, making it the prefecture's largest city, with a population density of 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi) over the total urban area of 1,558.06 km2 (601.57 sq mi). The city ranked first in the happiness index of Japan's government-designated cities, published by the Japan Research Institute, in both 2018 and 2022.
Blood-group-substance endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase
Blood-group-substance endo-1,4-β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.102, endo-β-galactosidase, blood-group-substance 1,4-β-D-galactanohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name blood-group-substance 4-β-D-galactanohydrolase. It catalyses endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β-D-galactosidic linkages in blood group A and B substances.

It hydrolyses the 1,4-β-D-galactosyl linkages adjacent to a 1,3-α-D-galactosyl or N-acetylgalactosaminyl residues and a 1,2-α-D-fucosyl residue.

Blood type
A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem from one allele (or an alternative version of a gene) and collectively form a blood group system.

Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents of an individual. As of June 2025, a total of 48 human blood group systems are recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). The two most important blood group systems are ABO and Rh; they determine someone's blood type (A, B, AB, and O, with + or − denoting RhD status) for suitability in blood transfusion.
2022 FIBA 3x3 U23 World Cup – Women's tournament
The 2022 FIBA 3x3 U23 World Cup – Women's tournament is the 3rd edition of this championship. The event was held in Bucharest, Romania. It was contested by 20 teams. Japan are the defending champions.

France won their first title with a win against United States in the final.

United States women's national under-23 3x3 team
The USA Women's under-23 3x3 Teams are two of the under-23 3x3 basketball teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. In 2018, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) held the FIBA 3x3 U23 World Cup. It is an 3x3 under-23 basketball tournament held in every year for basketball players up to 23 years old. In 2020, it was not held due to COVID-19 pandemic.

The team captured their first 3x3 U23 World Cup title in 2024.
2023 Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat
The 2023 Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat was the 14th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Rabat, Morocco. Held on 28 May at the Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, it was the second leg of the 2023 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

The meeting was initially promoted as the first match between World champ Fred Kerley and Olympic champ Marcell Jacobs in the 100 metres since Kerley's title, however Jacobs withdrew before the meet due to injury leaving Kerley to take the win. In the 3000 metres steeplechase, hometown Moroccan Soufiane El Bakkali won the event in 7:56.68, the fastest time ever run in 11 years.

Marcell Jacobs
Lamont Marcell Jacobs Jr. (Italian pronunciation: [laˈmɔnt marˈsɛl ˈdʒakobs]; born 26 September 1994) is an Italian track and field sprinter and former long jumper. He is the 2020 Olympic 100 metres champion, the 2022 60 metres world champion, the 2022 and 2024 European 100 metres champion, and a member of the gold medal-winning 4 × 100 m relay team at the 2020 Olympics. He currently holds the 100 metres European record, the 60 metres European record, and is the first Italian to qualify for or win the men's 100 metres Olympic final.