hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
U.S. Route 19 in West Virginia
U.S. Route 19 (US 19) runs south to north up through central West Virginia. The route runs from the Virginia state line at Bluefield, north to the Pennsylvania state line south of Mount Morris, Pennsylvania.

Mount Morris, Pennsylvania
Mount Morris is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in Perry Township, near I-79. As of the 2010 census, the population was 737.
History of the University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin was originally conceived in 1827 under an article in the Constitución de Coahuila y Texas to open a public university in the state of Texas. The Constitution of 1876 also called for the creation of "The University of Texas” By the late 1990s, the university had the largest enrollment in the country and contained many of the country's top programs in the areas of law, architecture, film, engineering, and business.

Cockrell School of Engineering
The Cockrell School of Engineering is the engineering school of the University of Texas at Austin.

The school has more than 8,000 students enrolled in eleven undergraduate and thirteen graduate programs. Annual research expenditures are over $267 million and the school has the fourth-largest number of faculty in the National Academy of Engineering.

Previously known as the College of Engineering, on July 11, 2007, The University of Texas at Austin renamed the College after 1936 graduate Ernest Cockrell Jr., whose family helped to build a $140 million endowment for the College.
Langley Hall, Cheshire
Langley Hall is a country house in the village of Langley, Cheshire, England.  It was built in about 1650, and is described by the authors of the Buildings of England series as "a distinguished house".  The house is constructed in coursed rubble with ashlar dressings and is roofed in stone slate.  It has two-storeys and an attic.  The entrance front is symmetrical with seven bays and a central doorway.  Above the doorway is a cartouche containing a carved face.  It is inscribed MAC 1696 (for M. Clowes and his wife).  The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.  It has been converted into three flats.

Cartouche (design)
A cartouche (also cartouch) is an oval or oblong design with a slightly convex surface, typically edged with ornamental scrollwork. It is used to hold a painted or low-relief design. Since the early 16th century, the cartouche is a scrolling frame device, derived originally from Italian cartuccia. Such cartouches are characteristically stretched, pierced and scrolling.

Another cartouche figures prominently in the 16th-century title page of Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, framing a minor vignette with a pierced and scrolling papery cartouche.

The engraved trade card of the London clockmaker Percy Webster shows a vignette of the shop in a scrolling cartouche frame of Rococo design that is composed entirely of scrolling devices.
Arie Abraham Kampman
Arie Abraham "Ary" Kampman (6 July 1911 in Dordrecht – 23 September 1977 in Bemelen) was a Dutch scholar of Ancient Near Eastern studies, an initiator of scholarly societies and journals, and a secondary school teacher. Kampman obtained his Dutch PhD degree with professor Frans de Liagre Böhl on the 1945 thesis De historische beteekenis der Hethietische vestingbouwkunde (translated title: The historical significance of Hittite fortification). In 1939 he was a founder of the Nederlands Archaeologisch Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten (translation: Dutch Archeological Institute for the Near East), the predecessor of the present The Netherlands Institute for the Near East.

Bemelen
Bemelen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbeːmələ(n)]; Limburgish: Bieëmele [ˈbiəmələ]) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is part of the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten, and lies about 5 km east of Maastricht.

The village was first mentioned in 1096 as Bemele. The etymology is unknown. Bemelen is a village on the eastern flank of the Maas valley along the Roman road from Maastricht to Aachen. Until 1794, it was a heerlijkheid of the Chapter of Our Lady in Maastricht.

The Catholic St Laurentius Church is a single aisled church. The tower has 12th century elements. The church was replaced in 1845 by a neoclassical building.

Bemelen was home to 138 people in 1840. Until 1982, Bemelen was a separate municipality, after which it became part of the municipality Margraten, which fused with municipality Eijsden in 2011 to form Eijsden-Margraten.
Campbell Pass
Campbell Pass is an infrequently used name for a heavily travelled crossing of the Continental Divide in west-central New Mexico. This broad, gentle mountain pass, located in McKinley County between Gallup and Grants, is the site of the town of Continental Divide. The pass was selected as the route to be traversed by the original main line of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in 1880 (now the Southern Transcon of the BNSF Railway). The famous U.S. Route 66 was built through the pass in 1926, and is now the route of its successor, Interstate 40.

The origin of the name Campbell Pass is obscure, and it appears to be used mostly in connection with the railroad.

Gallup, New Mexico
Gallup is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States, with a population of 21,899 as of the 2020 census. A substantial percentage of its population is Native American, with residents from the Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni tribes. Gallup is the county seat of McKinley County and the most populous city between Flagstaff and Albuquerque, along historic U.S. Route 66.

Gallup is known as the "Heart of Indian Country" because it is on the edge of the Navajo reservation and is also home to members of many other tribes.

The city is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.

Because of the nearby rugged terrain, it was a popular location in the 1940s and 1950s for Hollywood Westerns.
Photon diffusion equation
Photon diffusion equation is a second order partial differential equation describing the time behavior of photon fluence rate distribution in a low-absorption high-scattering medium.

Its mathematical form is as follows.

where  is photon fluence rate (W/cm2),  is del operator,  is absorption coefficient (cm−1),  is diffusion constant,  is the speed of light in the medium (m/s), and  is an isotropic source term (W/cm3).

Its main difference with diffusion equation in physics is that photon diffusion equation has an absorption term in it.

Diffusion equation
The  diffusion equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. In physics, it describes the macroscopic behavior of many micro-particles in Brownian motion, resulting from the random movements and collisions of the particles (see Fick's laws of diffusion). In mathematics, it is related to Markov processes, such as random walks, and applied in many other fields, such as materials science, information theory, and biophysics. The diffusion equation is a special case of the convection–diffusion equation when bulk velocity is zero. It is equivalent to the heat equation under some circumstances.
Alex Pothen
Alex Pothen is an Indian-born American computer scientist and applied mathematician who is a professor at Purdue University. His research primarily focuses on combinatorial scientific computing (CSC), graph algorithms, parallel computing, and bioinformatics algorithms.

Pothen was born in Munnar, Kerala, India.

Munnar
Munnar (Malayalam pronunciation: [muːn̪ːɐːr]) is a town located in the Idukki district of the southwestern Indian state of Kerala. Munnar is situated at around 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) above mean sea level, in the Western Ghats mountain range. This ancient plantation settlement, dominated by its tea industry, is also a growing modern hill station.
737 Arequipa
737 Arequipa is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It was discovered by American astronomer Joel Hastings Metcalf on 7 December 1912 from Winchester, Massachusetts. This stony S-type asteroid was named after the Peruvian city of Arequipa, where Harvard's Boyden Observatory was located prior to 1927. It is orbiting at a distance of 2.59 AU from the Sun, with an orbital eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.245 and a period of 4.17 yr. The orbital plane is inclined at an angle of 12.4° to the ecliptic.

The rotation period of this asteroid has proven to be a challenge to determine, most likely because it has a complex shape and a rotation axis with a low inclination. However, during the 2015 apparition, photometric measurements of the asteroid were taken from close to the equatorial perspective. The resulting light curve displayed a rotation period of 7.0259±0.0003 h.

Joel Hastings Metcalf
Joel Hastings Metcalf (January 4, 1866 – February 23, 1925) was an American astronomer, humanitarian and minister.

Reverend Metcalf graduated from Harvard Divinity School in 1892. He served as a Unitarian minister in Burlington, Vermont and in Taunton, Massachusetts, Winchester, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine.

He discovered or co-discovered several comets, including 23P/Brorsen-Metcalf and 97P/Metcalf-Brewington, and also 41 asteroids during 1905–1914, as credited by the Minor Planet Center.

Two of his discoveries, the main-belt asteroids 726 Joëlla and 792 Metcalfia, were named in his honor.
James H. Burton
James H. Burton (August 17, 1823 – October 18, 1894) was a  Confederate soldier during the American Civil War.

He was born in Shenandoah Spring, Virginia. Educated at the Westchester Academy in Pennsylvania, Burton entered a Baltimore machine shop at age 16. In April 1844, he went to work at the Harpers Ferry Armory, serving as a machinist. He subsequently served as Foreman of the Rifle Factory Machine Shop, where he gained a considerable amount of knowledge and respect for the work of John H. Hall. Hall pioneered mechanized arms production and interchangeable manufacture at Harpers Ferry between 1820 and 1840. According to Burton, Hall's Rifle Works housed "not an occasional machine, but a plant of milling machinery by which the system and economy of the manufacture was materially altered." During the next three decades, Burton followed Hall's example by furthering the mechanization of arms production.

Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly regarded as synonyms, although subtle differences in usage exist.

A sub-armory is a place of temporary storage or carrying of weapons and ammunition, such as any temporary post or patrol vehicle that is only operational in certain times of the day.
Pittsburgh Zoo & Aquarium
The Pittsburgh Zoo & Aquarium is a zoo and aquarium in the United States, one of only six major zoo and aquarium hybrids in the United States. Located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's Highland Park, the zoo sits on 77 acres (31 ha) of park land where it exhibits more than 4,000 animals representing 475 species, including 20 threatened or endangered species.

First opened in 1898 as the Highland Park Zoo, the zoo evolved from a menagerie to a conservation-focused institution. Pittsburgh saw its zoo grow beginning in the late 1930s when the Works Progress Administration and donations from foundations spearheaded expansions, including then the second largest aquarium in the United States. The zoo was known as the Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium from 2002 to 2022, incurred during a 20-year naming rights agreement with PPG Industries. The zoo's accredited membership of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) was dropped in 2015, and later regained in 2024.

Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), originally the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA), is an American 501(c)(3)
nonprofit organization founded in 1924 and dedicated to the advancement of zoos and public aquariums in the areas of conservation, education, science, and recreation. AZA is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, and accredits zoos. There were 238 accredited zoos and aquariums as of 2025, primarily in the US, with a handful in twelve other countries; additionally, the AZA network contains 14 accredited related facilities.
Lydia Patterson Institute
Lydia Patterson Institute is a Methodist Christian college-preparatory school located in El Paso, Texas, United States. Founded in 1913 it offers programs for Spanish-speaking children, primarily from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua to attend high school in the United States and attend a Methodist graduate university. All high school classes are taught in English, and the school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
Alfred Payne (cricketer, born 1831)
Alfred Payne (7 December 1831 – 25 June 1874) was an English amateur cricketer who played from 1852 to 1864. He was the twin brother of Arthur Payne.

Payne was a student at Trinity College, Oxford, matriculating in 1851 and graduating B.A. in 1856. He played mainly for Oxford University and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), he made 25 known appearances.  He played six times for the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series.

Payne was a left arm fast bowler (LF) who bowled roundarm. He took 111 wickets at 12.19 with a best analysis of 7/42. He took five wickets in an innings 8 times and ten wickets in a match once.

After graduating at Oxford, Payne became a Church of England priest and was rector of Enville, Staffordshire, from 1869 until his death.

Ten-wicket haul
In cricket, a ten-wicket haul occurs when a bowler takes ten wickets in either a single innings or across both innings of a two-innings match. The phrase ten wickets in a match is also used, and this is commonly abbreviated as 10wM.

Taking ten wickets in a match at Lord's earns the bowler a place on the Lord's honours boards, and many other grounds have their own honours boards where earning this achievement will be listed.
Erlewine
Erlewine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan Erlewine (born c. 1945), American luthier

May Erlewine (born 1983), American musician

Michael Erlewine (born 1941), American musician, TV host, Internet entrepreneur, and founder of All Music Guide

Stephen Thomas Erlewine (born 1973), American music critic and senior editor for AllMusic

Dan Erlewine
Dan Erlewine (born c. 1945) is an American luthier and the author of five books about guitar repair. He has made instructional videos about the luthier trade since 1983. He works for a luthier supply company, Stewart-Macdonald (StewMac).
Hindsgavl Dagger
The Hindsgavl Dagger (Danish: Hindsgavldolken), found in 1886 on the Danish island of Fænø, then owned by Hindsgavl Manor on Funen, hence the name, is one of the finest examples of a so-called fishtail flint dagger from the end of the Nordic Stone Age. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. It is featured on the current Danish 100-krone banknote.

National Museum of Denmark
The National Museum of Denmark (Danish: Nationalmuseet) in Copenhagen is Denmark's largest museum of cultural history, comprising the histories of Danish and foreign cultures, alike. The museum's main building is located a short distance from Strøget at the center of Copenhagen. It contains exhibits from around the world, from Greenland to South America. Additionally, the museum sponsors SILA - The Greenland Research Center at the National Museum of Denmark to further archaeological and anthropological research in Greenland.

The museum has a number of national commitments, particularly within the following key areas: archaeology, ethnology, numismatics, ethnography, natural science, conservation, communication, building antiquarian activities in connection with the churches of Denmark, as well as the handling of the Danefæ (the National Treasures).
Branch River (Wisconsin)
The Branch River is a 36.9-mile-long (59.4 km) river in eastern Wisconsin in the United States.  It is a tributary of the Manitowoc River, which flows to Lake Michigan.

The Branch River rises in Brown County about 10 miles (16 km) south of Green Bay, and flows generally southeastwardly into Manitowoc County.  It joins the Manitowoc River about 6 miles (10 km) west of the city of Manitowoc.

According to the Geographic Names Information System, the river has also been known as the "Center River" and as the "Centre River".  The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Branch River" as the stream's official name in 1912.

Brown County, Wisconsin
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay. Brown County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.
Bar topnotchers in the Philippines
Bar topnotchers in the Philippines are bar examinees who garnered the highest bar exam grades in a particular year. Every year, the Supreme Court releases the bar top ten list. The list contains the names of bar examinees who obtained the ten highest grades. It is possible for more than ten examinees to place in the top ten because numerical ties in the computation of grades usually occur.

Jovito Salonga
Jovito Reyes Salonga, KGCR (Tagalog pronunciation: [hoˈvito sɐˈlɔŋga]; June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) also called "Ka Jovy," was a Filipino lawyer and politician, as well as a leading opposition leader during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from the declaration of martial law in 1972 until the People Power Revolution in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was then elected as the 14th president of the Senate of the Philippines and the first one after the new Constitution was just ratified, serving from 1987 up to his retirement from politics in 1992.

Salonga was known as the "Nation's Premier Fiscalizer." He is the only person to top the bar exam and the senatorial race multiple times (with the sole record of three elections garnering the highest number of popular votes in 1965, 1971, and 1987 immediately after People Power).
Lake Hino
Lake Hino (Estonian: Hino järv, also: Pugula järv, Henno-Pugula järv, Henno järv, Pugola järv, or Suur-Pugola järv) is a lake in Rõuge Parish, Võru County, Estonia. It is located in the village of Laisi in Rõuge Parish, Võru County, and it border the villages of Hino, Siksälä, Kimalasõ, and Kaubi.

Kimalasõ
Kimalasõ (known as Kimalase before 1997) is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. Between 1991 and 2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian municipalities) the village was located in Misso Parish.
2010 Kerry Senior Hurling Championship
The 2010 Kerry Senior Hurling Championship was the 109th staging of the Kerry Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The draw for the opening round fixtures was made on 10 July 2010. The championship ran from 23 July to 10 October 2010.

Kilmoyley entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Lixnaw in the semi-finals.

The final was played on 10 October 2010 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Ballyduff and Lixnaw, in what was their fifth meeting in the final overall and a first final meeting in 16 years. Ballyduff won the match by 2–18 to 2–09 to claim a record-equalling 22nd championship title overall and a first title in four years.

Lixnaw's James Flaherty was the championship's top scorer with 2-38.

Austin Stack Park
Austin Stack Park is a GAA stadium in Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. It is one of the stadiums used by Kerry GAA's Gaelic football team and the stadium of the hurling team.

The ground was named after Austin Stack, an Irish revolutionary and captain of the All-Ireland winning Kerry Gaelic football team of 1904. It is located in the centre of Tralee. It hosts many Kerry GAA home games, mostly football league games and both league and championship hurling. The County Championship football and hurling finals are normally held here.
2014 Tour of Utah
The 2014 Larry H. Miller Tour of Utah was the eleventh edition of the Tour of Utah, a seven-stage professional cycling race which took place from August 4–10, 2014. It covered 753.8 miles (1,213.1 kilometres), and 57,863 feet (17,637 metres) of total climbing. 16 men's professional cycling teams competed in the 2014 edition, with 6 of these teams also being featured in the 2014 Tour de France, with riders representing 24 different countries. For the second year in succession, the race was won by Tom Danielson of the Garmin–Sharp squad.

Kamas, Utah
Kamas (/ˈkæməs/ KAM-əs) is a city in southwestern Summit County, Utah, United States. The population was 2,092 at the 2020 census. It is 42 miles (68 km) east of downtown Salt Lake City. Its main industries are cattle ranching and lumber. The town is known as "The Gateway to the Uinta Mountains".
Lodu Sikaka
Lodu Sikaka is a Dongria Kondh tribal and a leader of Niyamgiri Suraksha Samiti in Odisha state, India. According to the advocacy group Survival International, reporting local sources, he was one of two leaders who were abducted in August 2010 after they had been peacefully protesting a bauxite mine that Vedanta Resources and the Government of Odisha proposed to create on land upon which the tribe traditionally depended. Some reports at the time suggested he was being held by the police, though the police themselves refuse to confirm this.

In August 2010, Lodu Sikaka claimed that he was abducted for a few hours by some unknown people who, he later alleged, were policemen. He was allegedly released after he signed an undertaking not to instigate people to act in contempt of court, as he had been accused of making secessionist and anti-India speeches.

Vedanta Resources
Vedanta Resources Limited is a diversified mining company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and has mining operations in Australia and Zambia and oil and gas operations in three countries. Its main products are zinc, lead, silver, oil and gas, iron ore, steel, aluminium and power. It has also developed commercial power stations in India in Odisha (2,400 MW) and Punjab (1,980 MW).

The company with 20,000 employees is primarily owned by the family of Anil Agarwal through Volcan Investments, a holding vehicle with a 61.7% stake in the business. Vedanta limited (formerly Sesa Goa / Sterlite) is one of the many Indian subsidiaries of Vedanta resources and operates iron ore mines in Goa.

Vedanta was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until chairman, Anil Agarwal's offer to take the company private went unconditional in September 2018.