hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giovanni Dosi
Giovanni Dosi (born 25 August 1953) is Professor of Economics and Director of the Institute of Economics at the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna in Pisa. He is the Co-Director of the task forces “Industrial Policy” and “Intellectual Property” at the Initiative for Policy Dialogue at Columbia University. Dosi is Continental European Editor of Industrial and Corporate Change. Included in ISI Highly Cited Researchers.

His major research areas, where he is the author and editor of several works, include economics of innovation and technological change, industrial organization and industrial dynamics, theory of the firm and corporate governance, evolutionary theory, economic growth and development.

A selection of his works has been published in two volumes: Innovation, Organization and Economic Dynamics. Selected Essays, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2000; and Economic Organization, Industrial Dynamics and Development: Selected Essays, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2012.

Initiative for Policy Dialogue
The Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD) is a non-profit organization based at Columbia University in the United States.

IPD was founded in July 2000 by Joseph E. Stiglitz. It stimulates a heterodox policy dialogue on major issues in international development. IPD is a global network of leading economists, political scientists, and premier academic and policy centers in the global South and North. It brings the issues of developing countries to academics and the fruits of academic research to policymakers.
Leyla Pınar
Leyla Pınar is a Turkish harpsichordist and musicologist. She is the founder and artistic director of the Istanbul Barok ensemble and the International Istanbul Baroque Music Festival, which she founded in 1994. Pınar also teaches in the Drama and Music Department of Yıldız Technical University in Istanbul.

Yıldız Technical University
Yıldız Technical University (Turkish: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, often simply referred to as YTU or Yıldız) is a prominent public technical university dedicated to engineering and natural sciences, as well as social sciences recently, and is one of the oldest educational institutions in Istanbul, Turkey. The central campus lies within the Beşiktaş district and the new Davutpaşa campus lies within the Esenler district. Additionally, the university's research park is located in Başakşehir. The university is composed of ten faculties, three vocational schools, and two institutions.
Wang Zhongshu
Wang Zhongshu (Chinese: 王仲殊; 15 October 1925 – 24 September 2015) was a Chinese archaeologist who helped to establish and develop the field of archaeology in China. One of the most prominent Asian archaeologists, he was awarded the Grand Prize of the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 1996 by the Japanese city of Fukuoka. Wang specialized in the archaeology of China's Han and Tang dynasties, as well as Japanese archaeology. He is noted for his achievements in the study of ancient Sino-Japanese relations.

Fukuoka Prize
The Fukuoka Prize (福岡アジア文化賞, Fukuoka Ajia Bunkashō) is an award established by the city of Fukuoka and the Fukuoka City International Foundation (formerly The Yokatopia Foundation) to honor the outstanding work of individuals or organizations in preserving or creating Asian culture. There are three prize categories: Grand Prize, Academic Prize, and Arts and Culture Prize.

In 1989, Fukuoka held the Asia-Pacific Exposition (referred to as "Yokatopia") with the concept of interaction between the Asia-Pacific region. The prize program was inaugurated in the following year to carry on the spirit of the Expo, and ever since then, the prizes have been given annually, and the related official events, including the award ceremony and the public forums by the prize winners, have been held every September, also known as "Asian Party" in Fukuoka. In 1999, school visits were added to the program, to give a special lecture to children by the prize winners.{fact|date=January 2026}}
Nababan
Nababan is one of Toba Batak clans originating in North Sumatra, Indonesia. People of this clan bear the clan's name as their surname.

Abdon Nababan (born 1964), Indonesian activist

Hitler Nababan (born 1973), Indonesian politician

Putra Nababan (born 1974), Indonesian journalist

S. A. E. Nababan (1933-2021), Indonesian Lutheran minister

Putra Nababan
James Parulian Putra Nababan, commonly known as Putra Nababan (born 28 July 1974) is an Indonesian newsreader, journalist, and politician. He has served in the House of Representatives representing Jakarta's 1st electoral district since 2019. He was editor-in-chief of MetroTV. He has received four Panasonic Gobel awards.
Debeerspruit
Debeerspruit is a small stream in the central interior of the Free State, South Africa. The name Debeerspruit appears on Getamap.net,. and is also listed by GeoNames.org. It forms part of the Orange River watershed and is a tributary of the Sand River (Free State), which itself feeds into the Vaal River.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Clausura 2018 Liga MX final phase
The Clausura 2018 Liga MX championship stage commonly known as Liguilla (playoffs) was played from 2 May 2018 to 20 May 2018. A total of eight teams competed in the championship stage to decide the champions of the Clausura 2018 Liga MX season. Both finalists qualified to the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League.

UTC−07:00
UTC−07:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −07:00. In North America, it is observed in the Mountain Time Zone during standard time, and in the Pacific Time Zone during the other eight months (see daylight saving time). Some locations use it year-round.
Leirdalen
Leirdalen is a U-shaped valley in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 24-kilometre (15 mi) long valley lies on the south side of the larger Bøverdalen valley. The Leirdalen valley begins at the mountain Kyrkja, just north of the Høgvagltindene mountains and it then follows the river Leira to the northwest and then northeast to the village of Elvesæter where the valley ends and the river joins the river Bøvra and it becomes part of the Bøverdalen valley heading to the northeast. The valley goes into the Jotunheimen mountains and it lies just west of Galdhøpiggen, the tallest mountain in Norway.

There are two tourist cabins located in the valley. The Jotunheimen Fjellstue is located about half-way into the valley and Leirvassbu is located at the innermost part of the valley.

Jotunheimen
Jotunheimen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈjôːtʉnˌhæɪmn̩]; "the home of the Jötunn") is a mountainous area of roughly 3,500 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi) in southern Norway and is part of the long range known as the Scandinavian Mountains. The 29 highest mountains in Norway are all located in the Jotunheimen mountains, including the 2,469-metre (8,100 ft) tall mountain Galdhøpiggen (the highest point in Norway and Northern Europe). The Jotunheimen mountains straddle the border between Innlandet and Vestland counties (historically part of the old Oppland and Sogn og Fjordane counties).
Soundrangers
Soundrangers was the first online sound library of original sound effects and production music designed for specifically for interactive media such as video games, websites and interactive software. Soundrangers was also one of the first sound effects and music libraries to use instant streaming audition and automated delivery of sound files over the internet.

Music library
A music library contains music-related materials for patron use. Collections may also include non-print materials, such as digitized music scores or audio recordings. Use of such materials may be limited to specific patron groups, especially in private academic institutions. Music library print collections include dictionaries and encyclopedias, indexes and directories, printed music, music serials, bibliographies, and other music literature. Some public libraries have music rooms.
Chach dynasty
The Chach dynasty (c. 632–712), also known as the Chacha dynasty or Silaij dynasty, was a Hindu Brahmin dynasty that ruled the Sindh region, after usurping and overthrowing the Buddhist Rai dynasty of Sindh. Most of the information about its existence comes from the Chach Nama, a historical account of the Chach-Brahmin dynasty.

The members of the dynasty continued to administer parts of Sindh under the Umayyad Caliphate's Caliphal province of Sind after it fell in 712. These rulers include Hullishāh and Shishah.

Sind (caliphal province)
Sindh was a province of the Umayyad Caliphate and later of the Abbasid Caliphate from around 711 CE with the Islamic conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, to around 854 CE with the emergence of the independent dynasties of the Habbarid Emirate in Sindh proper and the Emirate of Multan in Punjab. The "Governor of Sindh" (Arabic: عامل السند, romanized: ‘āmil al-Sind) was an official who administered the caliphal province over what are now Sindh, southern Punjab and Makran (Balochistan) in Pakistan.

The governor was the chief Muslim official in the province and was responsible for maintaining security in the region. As the leader of the provincial military, he was also in charge of carrying out campaigns against the non-Muslim kingdoms of India. Governors appointed to the region were selected either directly by the caliph or by an authorized subordinate, and remained in office until they either died or were dismissed.
1980 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1980 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament was held February 23–25 at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina.

VCU defeated UAB in the championship game, 105–88, to win their first Sun Belt men's basketball tournament. Both programs were in their first season in the Sun Belt.

The Rams, in turn, received an automatic bid for the 1980 NCAA tournament, where they lost to Iowa in the first round. Top-seeded South Alabama, who lost to VCU in the semifinal round, still received an at-large bid; the Jaguars ultimately lost to Alcorn State in the NCAA tournament's first round.

VCU Rams men's basketball, 1979–1991
The VCU Rams men's basketball team represents Virginia Commonwealth University in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men's basketball competitions. This article is a list of results and statistics of the men's basketball team from the 1979–80 season to the 1990–91 season during which the team played in the Sun Belt Conference.
Manana Shapakidze
Manana Shapakidze (Georgian: მანანა შაფაქიძე, romanized: manana shapakidze, pronounced [manana ʃapʰakʰidze]; born 14 September 1989) is a Georgian former professional tennis player.

In her career, she won three singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 17 May 2010, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 382. On 19 July 2010, she peaked at No. 331 in the doubles rankings.

Playing for Georgia in Fed Cup competitions, Shapakidze has a win–loss record of 1–1.

Georgia Billie Jean King Cup team
The Georgia Billie Jean King Cup team represents Georgia in the Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Georgian Tennis Federation.  They competed in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group II in 2007, but were promoted to Group I for 2008.
The Boy with Two Mothers
The Boy with Two Mothers (Italian: Il figlio di due madri) is a 1929 novel by the Italian writer Massimo Bontempelli. It is about a seven-year-old boy in Rome who suddenly stops recognising his mother, claims his name is Ramiro and not Mario, and demands to be taken to a woman he says is his real mother, whose son Ramiro had died seven years earlier.

The novel is associated with magical realism. It was published in Estelle Gilson's English translation in the 2000 volume Separations: Two Novels of Mothers and Children, which also contains Bontempelli's novel The Life and Death of Adria and Her Children.

It was the basis for the 2000 French film Comedy of Innocence, directed by Raúl Ruiz.

Raúl Ruiz (director)
Raúl Ernesto Ruiz Pino (French: Raoul Ruiz; 25 July 1941 – 19 August 2011) was an experimental Chilean filmmaker, writer and teacher whose work is best known in France. He directed more than 100 films.
BeatBuddy
The BeatBuddy is a digital drum machine made by Singular Sound that is housed in the form of a stompbox unit. The floor-based format and pedal footswitch enable musicians (such as guitar, bass, and keyboard players) to control the device hands-free while they are playing an instrument.

Singular Sound is a Miami-based brand. The company first engineered and manufactured the device in 2014, after crowdfunding via Indiegogo. The BeatBuddy was intended to be a foot-controlled alternative to traditional tabletop, "hands-on" drum machines (such as the Roland TR-909 or the Roger Linn's LinnDrum). Since its release in 2014, the BeatBuddy has garnered positive reviews from magazines like Guitar Player, Guitar World and Sound On Sound, and won the Best in Show award at the 2015 NAMM Show.

Sound on Sound
Sound on Sound is a monthly music technology magazine. The magazine includes product tests of electronic musical performance and recording devices, and interviews with industry professionals. Due to its technical focus, it is predominantly aimed at the professional recording studio market as well as artist project studios and home recording enthusiasts.

Independently owned, the magazine is published by SOS Publications Group in Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Sir Harry Lewis
Sir Harry Lewis (24 January 1984 – 14 April 2009) was an American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for his win in the 1987 Irish Derby. After finishing second on his only appearance as a two-year-old he won his first two races in 1987 including the Dee Stakes. He finished fourth in The Derby before winning the Irish equivalent, which was then the most valuable race for three-year-olds ever run in Europe. Later that year he was placed in both the Matchmaker International and the Rothman' International. He ran twice in Europe as a four-year-old before being transferred to the United States where he had limited success. Sir Harry Lewis made little impact as a breeding stallion in North America, but made his mark as a sire of jumpers in Europe.

Irish Derby
The Irish Derby (Irish: Dearbaí na hÉireann) is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile and 4 furlongs (2,414 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

It is Ireland's equivalent of the Derby Stakes, and it is usually held four weeks after the English race.
Thabazimbi Local Municipality elections
The Thabazimbi Local Municipality is a Local Municipality in Limpopo, South Africa. The council consists of twenty-three members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Twelve councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in twelve wards, while the remaining eleven are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021. The African National Congress (ANC) won a plurality of 11 seats on the council.

Ward (South Africa)
In South Africa, wards are geopolitical subdivisions of municipalities used for electoral purposes. Each metropolitan and local municipality is delimited by the Municipal Demarcation Board into half as many wards as there are seats on the municipal council (rounding up if there are an odd number of seats). Each ward then elects one councillor directly, and the remaining councillors are elected from party lists so that the overall party representation is proportional to the proportion of votes received by each party.

After the 2021 municipal elections, there are 4,468 wards in South Africa.
Robert Ellis (Cynddelw)
Robert Ellis (also spelt Elis; 3 February 1812 – 19 August 1875), also known by the bardic name Cynddelw,  was a Welsh language poet, editor, biographer, lexicographer and eisteddfod adjudicator. He was born at Tyn y Meini, Bryndreiniog, Pen-y-Bont-Fawr, in the historic county of Montgomeryshire in Mid Wales, where he initially worked as a farm labourer.

His bardic name honoured the 12th-century poet Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr.

Mid Wales
Mid Wales (Welsh: Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth, meaning "the midlands"), or Central Wales, is a region of Wales, encompassing its midlands, in-between North Wales and South Wales. The Mid Wales Regional Committee of the Senedd covered the unitary authority areas of Ceredigion and Powys and the area of Gwynedd that had previously been the district of Meirionnydd. A similar definition is used by the BBC. The Wales Spatial Plan defines a region known as "Central Wales" which covers Ceredigion and Powys.

Mid Wales is dominated by the Cambrian Mountains, including the Green Desert of Wales. The region is sparsely populated, with an economy dependent on farming and small businesses.
Pala Mesa, California
Pala Mesa is an unincorporated community in San Diego County, California, United States. The community is at the junction of Interstate 15 and California State Route 76, 11.1 miles (17.9 km) south of Temecula. It sits adjacent to the town of Fallbrook.

Temecula, California
Temecula is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States. The city had a population of 110,003 as of the 2020 census and was incorporated on December 1, 1989. The city is a tourist and resort destination, with the Temecula Valley Wine Country, Old Town Temecula, Pechanga Resort Casino, championship golf courses, and resort accommodations contributing to the city's economic profile.

The city of Temecula, forming the southwestern anchor of the Inland Empire region, is approximately 58 miles (93 km) north of downtown San Diego and 85 miles (137 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. Temecula is part of the Greater Los Angeles area. Temecula is bordered by the city of Murrieta to the north and the Pechanga Indian Reservation and San Diego County to the south. Temecula is also the principal city of the Temecula–Murrieta–Menifee, CA urban area, which had a population of 528,991 as of the 2020 census.
Makhdoom Jamiluzaman
Makhdoom Jamiluzaman (Urdu: مخدوم جميل الزمان) is a Pakistani politician from Hala, Hyderabad District, Sindh, belonging to the Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan. He became the spiritual leader of Sarwari Jamaat after the death of his father, Makhdoom Muhammad Amin Fahim, and was appointed the 19th caretaker of the Dargah Ghous ul Haq Hazrat Makhdoom Sarwar Nooh A.r.

Hala, Sindh
Hala (Sindhi: هـالا, Urdu: ہالا) is a city and taluka of Matiari district of Sindh, Pakistan. According to the Revenue record, Hala was given the status of Taluka of Hyderabad District in 1848. In 2005, it became part of Matiari District. Hala is located on the N-5 National Highway of Pakistan at a distance of about 62 kilometers from Hyderabad. Hala is also located on the Tando Adam - Mehrabpur Railway Line but that railway line has been discontinued by Pakistan Railways. As of the 2023 census, the Hala Municipal Corporation has a population of 71,094. The total population of Hala Taluka is 286,155 (2023) which includes Hala Municipal Corporation, Hala Old,  Bhit Shah, Bhanote and surrounding areas.

Hala is famous through the subcontinent for art, glazed colored pottery (Kaashi), woodwork (Jandi), cloth printing, woven cloth (Sussi) and khaddar made on handmade khaddi.
Ascarididae
The Ascarididae are a family of the large intestinal roundworms. Members of the family are intestinal parasites, infecting all classes of vertebrates. It includes a number of genera, the most well known of which are:

Ascaris lumbricoides is the main ascarid parasite of humans, causing ascariasis.

Intestinal parasite infection
An intestinal parasite infection is a condition in which a parasite infects the gastro-intestinal tract of humans and other animals. Such parasites can live anywhere in the body, but most prefer the intestinal wall.

Routes of exposure and infection include ingestion of undercooked meat, drinking infected water, fecal–oral transmission and skin absorption.

Some types of helminths and protozoa are classified as intestinal parasites that cause infection—those that reside in the intestines. These infections can damage or sicken the host (humans or other animals). If the intestinal parasite infection is caused by helminths, the infection is called helminthiasis.
Camponotus hyatti
Camponotus hyatti is a species of carpenter ant.  The species is native to the northern Pacific coast, from Oregon to the Baja California Peninsula.  The species is characterized by its five-toothed mandibles and the smooth, shiny appearance of its clypeus, as well as a pronounced metanotal groove, lending the basal surface of the propodeum a distinct convex appearance.  It commonly nests in sagebrush, Yucca, manzanita, and oak.

Mandible (insect mouthpart)
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals. Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically.
Peter Menkhorst
Peter Menkhorst PSM is an Australian ecologist and an authority on Australian mammals and birds. He is experienced in wildlife management, including management of over-abundant Koalas, and in threatened species recovery; he has developed recovery plans and led recovery teams for a number of species including the Orange-bellied Parrot; Helmeted Honeyeater, Regent Honeyeater, Mountain Pygmy Possum and  Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby. Menkhorst is also a natural history author and recently co-authored The Australian Bird Guide.

Regent honeyeater
The regent honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia) is a critically endangered bird endemic to southeastern Australia. It is commonly considered a flagship species within its range, with the efforts going into its conservation having positive effects on many other species that share its habitat. Recent genetic research suggests it is closely related to the wattlebirds.
Jo-Anne Knowles
Jo-Anne Knowles (born in Oldham, Lancashire) is an English actress.

Having started acting at the age of 11, she has appeared in many major soaps, including ITV's Emmerdale and Coronation Street, BBC One's EastEnders and Doctors, and Channel 4's Brookside and Hollyoaks. She is best known for playing Janis Steel in Sky1's Mile High and Fanny Tickler in Channel 4's Phoenix Nights. She has played recurring roles in The Bill, and Waterloo Road, has had many guest roles in Holby City and Casualty and was in two episodes of the BBC mini-series Moving On. She has also played Mina Van Helsing in the popular CBBC series Young Dracula.

She is married and lives in London. She gave birth to a daughter in 2010.

Moving On (TV series)
Moving On is a British anthology television series, created and executive produced by Jimmy McGovern, which consists of a series of standalone contemporary dramas, each focusing on a pivotal turning point in the life of one or more of the characters in the featured episode. The first episode aired on BBC One on 18 May 2009, and since, a total of 65 episodes have been broadcast. As of 2023, there has been no confirmation of a thirteenth series and the show has presumably ended.