hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eisner v. Macomber
Eisner v. Macomber, 252 U.S. 189 (1920), was a tax case before the United States Supreme Court that is notable for the following holdings:

A pro rata stock dividend where a shareholder received no actual cash or other property and retained the same proportionate share of ownership of the corporation as was held prior to the dividend by the shareholder was not income to the shareholder under the Sixteenth Amendment.

An income tax that was imposed by the Revenue Act of 1916 on such a dividend was unconstitutional even if the dividend indirectly represented accrued earnings of the corporation.

Marvin Chirelstein
Marvin A. Chirelstein (October 8, 1928 - February 16, 2015) was a Professor Emeritus of Law at Columbia Law School, where he taught for nearly 30 years. He taught a contracts course to first year law students as well as tax and corporate finance courses. Prior to teaching at Columbia, Professor Chirelstein taught for over 15 years at Yale Law School. He authored several course books on law.
WHOIS
WHOIS (pronounced as the phrase "who is") is a query and response protocol that is used for querying databases that store an Internet resource's registered users or assignees. These resources include domain names, IP address blocks and autonomous systems, but it is also used for a wider range of other information. The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format. The current iteration of the WHOIS protocol was drafted by the Internet Society, and is documented in RFC 3912.

Whois is also the name of the command-line utility on most UNIX systems used to make WHOIS protocol queries. In addition, WHOIS has a sister protocol called Referral Whois (RWhois).

Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet responsible for the technical standards of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster or requirements and all its participants are volunteers. Their work is usually funded by employers or other sponsors.

The IETF was initially supported by the federal government of the United States but since 1993 has operated under the auspices of the Internet Society, an American non-profit organization with local chapters around the world.
Carver Shannon
Carver Beauregard Shannon (born April 28, 1938) is a former American and Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He won the Grey Cup with Winnipeg in 1959 and 1961. He played college football in Carbondale, Illinois with Southern Illinois University where he was nominated for the 1958 All-American team. Shannon was also drafted into the National Football League (NFL) in the 1959 NFL draft by the Los Angeles Rams (Round 19, #224 overall). He played for the Rams from 1962 to 1964, following his career in Canadian football. After his time with the Rams he went to play for the Chicago Bears where he sustained a knee injury and retired from professional football. From 1983 through 1985 Shannon was a line judge in the NFL, wearing uniform number 56. He is a member of the Southern Illinois University Sport Hall of Fame, inducted in 1978. He later worked in the aerospace industry following his sports career and  lives in Los Angeles.

Carbondale, Illinois
Carbondale is a city in Jackson County, Illinois, United States, within the Southern Illinois region informally known as "Little Egypt". As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,083, making it the most populous city in Southern Illinois outside the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis.

Carbondale was established in 1853 and developed as a crossroads of the railroad industry. Today, the major roadways of Illinois Route 13 and U.S. Route 51 intersect in the city. The city is located 96 miles (154 km) southeast of St. Louis on the northern edge of the Shawnee National Forest. It is the home of the main campus of Southern Illinois University.
Westermoen Båtbyggeri og Mek Verksted
A/S Westermoen Båtbyggeri og Mek Verksted was a shipyard located in Mandal, Norway. Under the leadership of Toralf Westermoen in the 1950s, the yard has produced a long range of high speed boat types, such as:

The Tjeld-class patrol boat, from 1957

The Storm-class patrol boat, from 1963

Jan Herman Linge, later famous as designer of many sailboats and other recreational vessel, served as head engineer from 1949 to 1956, and was responsible for the design of the Tjeld class.

Mandal, Norway
Mandal is a town in Lindesnes municipality in Agder county, Norway. Mandal is the fourth largest town in Agder as well as the administrative centre of Lindesnes municipality. It is located at the mouth of the river Mandalselva at the southern end of the Mandalen valley. The 6.63-square-kilometre (1,640-acre) town has a population (2019) of 11,053 and a population density of 1,667 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,320/sq mi). In Norway, Mandal is considered a by which can be translated as either a "town" or "city" in English.

The town lies along the European route E39 highway, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of the town of Kristiansand and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of the town of Flekkefjord. Mandal has a few suburban villages lying just outside its borders such as Ime immediately to the east and Sånum to the southwest. The village of Krossen lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the north, along the Mandalselva river.
1962–63 Libyan Eastern Championship
The 1962-63 Libyan Eastern Championship was a Libyan football championship that took place to decide who would represent the East at national level for the 1963-64 Libyan Premier League. The league was made up of eight teams, who played each other twice (14 games in total):

From Benghazi:

Ahly

Hilal

Najma

Nasr

Tahaddi

From Derna:

Ittihad Darnah

Darnes

From Tobruk:

Tobruk

Al Tahaddy SC
Al-Tahaddi Sports Club is a Libyan football club based in Benghazi. They are a member of the top division in Libyan football, but were relegated in season 2007/08.  Their home stadium is Martyrs of February Stadium.
Dora, Cyprus
Dora (Greek: Δορά, Dhora) is a village in the Limassol District of Cyprus, located 6 km southwest of Malia. Built at an elevation of more than 600 meters, Dora "emerges" between two rivers, Ha and Dirizo. From the above, they predate the particular settlement before the consecutive blows of the Turks, the current village stretches at the foot of Mount Kordylas, said to resemble the hat worn by the ancient Carian, and perhaps synifasmenos to who were the first inhabitants of Dora, the Dorians who came to Cyprus through Caria of Asia Minor.

Limassol District
The Limassol District, simply known as Limassol or Lemesos, is one of the six districts of Cyprus. As of 2021, it had a population of 262,238, 75,7% of which was urban The district's capital city is Limassol. Part of the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia forms an enclave on the Akrotiri Peninsula, under the sovereignty of the SBA (Sovereign Base Areas Administration).
Perfect Nanny (film)
Perfect Nanny (French: Chanson douce; released as Lullaby in Canada, India, Ireland and the UK) is a 2019 French drama film based on the eponymous novel by Leïla Slimani.

Myriam, mother of two children, decides to return to her job at a law firm, against her husband's wishes. Despite this, the couple begins looking for a nanny. After interviewing several candidates, they ultimately hire Louise. She quickly becomes beloved by the children and gradually takes on a central, even unsettling, role within the family.

Leïla Slimani
Leïla Slimani (born 3 October 1981) is a French-Moroccan writer and journalist. She is also a French diplomat in her capacity as the personal representative of the French president Emmanuel Macron to the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. In 2016, she was awarded the Prix Goncourt for her novel Chanson douce.
Benevolent Society
The Benevolent Society, founded by Edward Smith Hall in 1813, is Australia's first and oldest charity. The society is an independent, not-for-profit organization whose main goals include helping families, older Australians and people with disabilities.

The Benevolent Society centers around the advancement of society and positive change. Many of today's essential services in Australia were pioneered by The Benevolent Society, and its legacy of advocacy for progressive, positive change continues to inform their work today.

The organization currently delivers services from 60 locations across New South Wales, including four main Sydney hubs and a national office, and the ACT, and 16 sites in Queensland. It has 1600 staff, plus a volunteer force of about 700. More than 56,000 people were reached through The Benevolent Society's 90 services, community programs and events in 2016–17. The chief executive officer is Lin Hatfield Dodds, and the chair of the company is Ken Smith.

Edward Smith Hall
Edward Smith Hall (28 March 1786 – 18 September 1860) was an English convict, newspaper editor, banker and grazier who established and published the Australian newspaper The Monitor in December 1826, where he edited there for 14 years. He is known for being jailed after publishing attacks against government officials.
2023–24 Leinster Senior Cup
The 2024 PTSB Leinster Senior Cup was the 120th edition of the Leinster Football Association's primary competition. It included all Leinster based League of Ireland clubs from the Premier Division and First Division, as well as a selection of intermediate and amateur level sides. The competition began on the weekend of 12 August 2023. A new group stage was added after the third round with all League of Ireland clubs entering the competition.

Permanent TSB
Permanent TSB Group Holdings plc, formerly Irish Life and Permanent plc and trading as PTSB is a provider of personal financial services in Ireland. Irish Life Assurance plc and the Irish Permanent Building Society merged to form the Irish Life and Permanent Group in 1999 and the merged entity acquired the Trustee Savings Bank in 2001. The group has no connection to the UK's TSB Bank.
Xiao Ke
Xiao Ke (simplified Chinese: 萧克; traditional Chinese: 蕭克; pinyin: Xiāo Kè; July 14, 1907 – October 24, 2008) was a general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, former vice chairman of the CPPCC, as well as principal of the University of Military and Politics.

Jiang (rank)
Jiang (formerly romanized chiang and usually translated general or, for navies, admiral) is a general officer (or flag officer for navies) rank used by China and Taiwan. It is also used as jang in North and South Korea, shō in Japan, and tướng in Vietnam.
Total Access Recording
33°51′34″N 118°22′10″W﻿ / ﻿33.85944°N 118.36944°W﻿ / 33.85944; -118.36944

Total Access Recording is a recording studio located in Redondo Beach, California, owned and operated by founder Wyn Davis and Steve Ornest. Total Access opened for business in December 1980. The first clients of the studio were bands signed with SST Records, whose owner Greg Ginn had made a "bulk recording deal" with Davis. Producer Ken Scott is also a client of the studio.

Redondo Beach, California
Redondo Beach (Redondo, Spanish for 'round') is a coastal city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located in the South Bay region of the Greater Los Angeles area. It is one of three adjacent beach cities along the southern portion of Santa Monica Bay. The population was 71,576 at the 2020 census, up from 66,748 in 2010.

Redondo Beach was originally part of the 1784 Rancho San Pedro Spanish land grant that later became the South Redondo area. The primary attractions include Municipal Pier and the sandy beach, popular with tourists and a variety of sports enthusiasts. The Southern terminus of the Metro Rail K Line (formerly the Western Terminus of the Metro Rail C Line) is in North Redondo Beach.
It's Not Christmas Without You
"It's Not Christmas Without You" is a song performed by the cast of the television show Victorious featuring Victoria Justice. The song was released on December 3, 2011, as the lead single for the Nickelodeon holiday compilation album Merry Nickmas (2012). The song was featured in a Victorious holiday special episode. The song peaked at number 23 on the US Holiday Digital Song Sales chart and number five on the US Kid Digital Song Sales chart.

Michael Corcoran (musician)
Michael Thomas Corcoran (born December 9, 1972), known professionally as Backhouse Mike or Ken Lofkoll, is an American musician, record producer, and composer. He has composed music for Nickelodeon's Drake & Josh, Zoey 101, iCarly, Victorious, The Troop, Sam & Cat, Henry Danger and Game Shakers, Disney Channel's Shake It Up and Liv and Maddie, Netflix's The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show, and VH1's Hit the Floor.
Linda Macaulay
Linda Ann Macaulay is the Emeritus Professor of System Design at the University of Manchester, specialising in Human–computer interaction, Requirements engineering and Service science, management and engineering.

Service science, management and engineering
Service science, management, and engineering (SSME) is a term introduced by IBM to describe an interdisciplinary approach to the study and innovation of service systems. More precisely, SSME has been defined as the application of science, management, and engineering disciplines to tasks that one organization beneficially performs for and with another. SSME is also a proposed academic discipline and research area that would complement – rather than replace – the many disciplines that contribute to knowledge about service. The interdisciplinary nature of the field calls for a curriculum and competencies to advance the development and contribution of the field of SSME.
Stipan Dora
Stipan Dora (Serbian Cyrillic: Стипан Дора; 8 April 1935 – 2002) was a wrestler of Bunjevac descent from Vojvodina, Serbia. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman bantamweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
Atherina
Atherina is a genus of fish of silverside family Atherinidae, found in the temperate and tropic zones. Up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long, they are widespread in the Mediterranean, Black Sea and Sea of Azov; in lagoons such as Syvash in Ukraine; and estuaries. They enter the lower reaches of the Dnieper, Southern Bug, Dniester and Danube Rivers. They can also be found in the freshwater Lake Trichonis of Greece, and there is an isolated population in the Caspian Sea.

Dniester
The Dniester (/ˈniːstər/ NEE-stər) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.
Simo, Finland
Simo is a municipality located in the province of Lapland, Finland, about 50 kilometres (30 mi) from the Swedish border.

The municipality has a population of 2,753 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 2,086.29 square kilometres (805.52 sq mi) of which 639.89 km2 (247.06 sq mi) is water. The population density is 1.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.9/sq mi). In 2001, Simo's debt per capita was 946.39 Euros.

Simo's three largest neighbouring towns are Oulu (216,066 inhabitants), Kemi (19,332 inhabitants) and Tornio (20,932 inhabitants). Some of the bigger neighbouring municipalities are Keminmaa (7,591 inhabitants) and Ii (9,800 inhabitants).

Municipalities of Finland
The municipalities (Finnish: kunta; Swedish: kommun) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental, self-governing administrative units of the country. The entire country is incorporated into municipalities and legally, all municipalities are equal, although certain municipalities are called cities or towns (Finnish: kaupunki; Swedish: stad). Municipalities have the right to levy a flat percentual income tax, which is between 16 and 22 percent, and they provide two thirds of public services. Municipalities control many community services, such as schools, health care and the water supply, and local streets. They do not maintain highways, set laws or keep police forces, which are responsibilities of the central government.
Arrondissement of Palaiseau
The arrondissement of Palaiseau is an arrondissement of France in the Essonne department in the Île-de-France region. It has 68 communes. Its population is 637,912 (2021), and its area is 484.0 km2 (186.9 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Elster glaciation
The Elster glaciation (German: Elster-Kaltzeit, Elster-Glazial or Elster-Zeit) or, less commonly, the Elsterian glaciation, in the older and popular scientific literature also called the Elster Ice Age (Elster-Eiszeit), is the oldest known ice age that resulted in the large-scale glaciation of North Germany and other parts of Europe. It took place approximately 500,000–400,000 years ago. It succeeded a long period of rather warmer average temperatures, the Cromerian Complex. The Elster was followed by the Holstein interglacial, which was followed Saale glaciation. The glacial period is named after the White Elster, a right tributary of the Saale.

Saale
The Saale (German pronunciation: [ˈzaːlə] ⓘ), also known as the Saxon Saale (German: Sächsische Saale pronounced [ˈzɛksɪʃə ˈzaːlə] ⓘ) and Thuringian Saale (German: Thüringische Saale), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe. It is distinguished from the smaller Franconian Saale, a right-bank tributary of the Main, or the Saale in Lower Saxony, a tributary of the Leine.
Little Dixie, Arkansas
Little Dixie is an unincorporated community in Prairie and Woodruff counties, Arkansas, United States.  It is located about 8 miles east-northeast of Des Arc, about 13 miles northwest of Brinkley, and about 19 miles south of Augusta, Arkansas.  It sits at the intersection of State Highway 33 and State Highway 38.

Brinkley, Arkansas
Brinkley is the most populous city in Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,700, down from 3,188 in 2010.

Located within the Arkansas Delta, Brinkley was founded as a railroad town in 1872. The city has historically been a transportation and agricultural center in the region, more recently developing a reputation for outdoors recreation and the ivory-billed woodpecker. Birding has become important to the city and region following the purported discovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker in 2004, a species thought to be extinct 60 years earlier.

Located halfway between Little Rock and Memphis, the city has used the slogan "We'll Meet You Half-Way" in some of its advertising campaigns.
Park Sam-koo
Park Sam-koo (Korean: 박삼구; born March 19, 1945) is a South Korean businessman who served as the chairman of Kumho Asiana Group, a large South Korean chaebol.

In 2004, he was awarded an honorary doctorate in business administration from Chonnam National University for his contribution to regional economic development.

He resigned from all posts in March 2019 following accounting issues at Asiana Airlines and the controversial "no-meal fiasco" on flights.

In August 2022, Park was sentenced to 10 years in prison for embezzlement and breach of trust regarding unfair inter-affiliate trading to support his control over the group.

Kumho Asiana Group
Kumho Asiana Group is a former large South Korean Chaebol (conglomerate), with subsidiaries in the construction, electronics, IT, leisure, logistics, manufacturing, tourism and transportation sectors. The group is headquartered at the Kumho Asiana Main Tower in Sinmunno 1-ga, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. As of 2014, the largest shareholder is Park Sam-koo, the third son of the company's founder, who stepped down as CEO in 2010.
Our Bodies Our Selves
Our Bodies Our Selves is the fifth album by the Berkeley, California punk rock band The Mr. T Experience, released in 1993 by Lookout! Records. It was the band's first album as a three-piece, after the departure of founding guitarist Jon Von Zelowitz the previous year. It was also their last album with bassist Aaron Rubin and founding drummer Alex Laipeneiks. After their departures, vocalist/guitarist Dr. Frank re-formed the band with a new lineup.

The song "Even Hitler Had a Girlfriend" was used in the soundtrack to the 1996 movie Glory Daze starring Ben Affleck and was included on the film's soundtrack album, along with the song "I Just Wanna Do it With You" from the band's 1996 album Love is Dead. During the film's party scene, the main characters also perform as a band a cover of The Mr. T Experience song "Now We Are Twenty-One" from their 1988 album Night Shift at the Thrill Factory. The song “More Than Toast” was included on the soundtrack of EA Sports NCAA Football 06.

NCAA Football 06
NCAA Football 06 is a collegiate American football video game which was released on July 12, 2005. It is the successor to NCAA Football 2005 in the NCAA Football series. The product features former Michigan Wolverines standout and Heisman Trophy winner Desmond Howard on the cover. He is the only cover athlete not to have played the year before their respective game; Howard last played at Michigan in 1991. It is the only game in the series as of 2013 to have a music soundtrack, as the other games play school fight songs and general band pieces, and the last game in the series to feature Division I FCS teams on all platforms. NCAA Football 06 was the first game in the NCAA Football series to shorten the year to the last 2 digits.
Minakshi Datta
Minakshi Datta (Bengali: মীনাক্ষী দত্ত) is a Bengali educationist, writer, actor, translator and anthologist.  An educator all her life, she is a widely recognized influence in the Kolkata and the New York literary and cultural circles.

Married to fellow Bengali writer Jyotirmoy Datta, she is the mother of two children, Mallinath Datta, who was an IT professional, dramatist and filmmaker, and Kankabati Datta, who is an editor and a writer. Minakshi and Jyotirmoy Datta divide their time between Kolkata, India, and Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA. She also acted in the Bengali movie Banojyotsna, directed by Dinen Gupta.

Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Cherry Hill is a township within Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As a suburb of Philadelphia, the township is part of the South Jersey and Delaware Valley regions. Cherry Hill Township grew during the mid-20th century suburbanization, becoming one of the Delaware Valley's main commercial centers, including the Cherry Hill Mall. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 74,553.