hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-2341
German submarine U-2341 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 20 September 1943, and laid down on 23 August 1944 at Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, as yard number 495. She was launched on 3 October 1944 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hermann Böhm on 21 October 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
2008 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations
2008 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations was part of the opening ceremony that originating with the 1896 Olympic Games. The national team from each nation participating in the Olympic Games paraded behind their national flag into the Olympic Stadium. The flag bearer was an athlete of each national delegation chosen, to represent the athletes, either by the National Olympic Committee or by the national team.

Announcers in the stadium read off the names of the marching nations in French, English, (the official languages of the Olympics) and Mandarin Chinese with music accompanying the athletes as they marched into the stadium.

The Marshall Islands, Montenegro, and Tuvalu debuted at these Games, and Serbia competed under its name for the first time after the 1912 Summer Olympics. Montenegro and Serbia were previously one country as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

Marshall Islands at the 2008 Summer Olympics
The Marshall Islands took part in the 2008 Summer Olympics, which were held in Beijing, China from 8 to 24 August 2008. The 2008 Summer Olympics were the Marshall Islands' first appearance at the Olympics. The delegation included five athletes, two in athletics, two in swimming, and one in taekwondo. The Marshall Islands failed to win an Olympic medal at these Games.

Athletes representing the Marshall Islands participated in four different events.  Anju Jason was the first Marshallese athlete ever to qualify for the Olympic Games.  Jason was the only athlete to meet the qualification standards, the other five athletes at the Games were all wildcard entries. He represented his country in taekwondo. Jared Heine is a swimmer and competed in the 100 meter backstroke.  In athletics, the nation was represented by Roman Cress who ran in the men's 100 meters. Haley Nemra also represented the Marshall Islands running in the women's 800 meters.
Dagmar Orlamundt
Dagmar Lydia Orlamundt, née Hansen (1863–1939) was a Danish actress from Odense who made her debut when only 14 at Odense Teater. In the 1890s, she was engaged by the Casino Theatre in Copenhagen where she was particularly successful in comic parts, playing the title role in the farce Charley's Aunt. From the turn of the century, she performed in Copenhagen at Dagmar Teatret and at Folketeatret until her retirement from the stage in 1932.

Casino Theatre (Copenhagen)
The Casino Theatre was a theatre located at Amaliegade 10 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was built as an entertainment venue by Tivoli Gardens-founder Georg Carstensen but was converted into a theatre in 1848. It closed in 1937 and the building was demolished in 1960.
Joseph Cassar (politician)
Joseph Cassar (Maltese: Ġużè Cassar; 22 January 1918 – 27 November 2001) was a Maltese politician.

Cassar graduated from the Bishop's Seminary in Gozo, and the University of Malta.

In 1976, Cassar won the deputy leader seat against Wistin Abela. He was Finance Minister of Malta from 1979 to 1981.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Gozo
The Diocese of Gozo (Latin: Dioecesis Goulos-Gaudisiensis; Maltese: Djoċesi ta' Għawdex) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Malta, and the only suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Malta, together covering the insular state.

The diocese comprises the island of Gozo (seventeen miles west of the Maltese capital Valletta) and the islet of Comino.
Plitka poezija
Plitka poezija (trans. Shallow Poetry) is the debut album by Serbian and Yugoslav punk rock band Pekinška Patka, released in 1980. Although not being the first punk rock album on the Yugoslav rock scene, Plitka poezija is considered the first punk rock album by a band coming from SR Serbia.

In 1998, the album was polled as the 77th on the list of 100 greatest albums of Yugoslav popular music in the book YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike (YU 100: The Best albums of Yugoslav pop and rock music), and in 2015, it was polled as the 74th on the list of 100 Greatest Yugoslav Albums published by the Croatian edition of Rolling Stone.

Socialist Republic of Serbia
The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Република Србија / Socijalistička Republika Srbija), previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Народна Република Србија / Narodna Republika Srbija, lit. 'National Republic of Serbia'), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia, SR Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo. Its formation was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.
Deaths in December 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Team dressage
The team dressage in equestrian at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held at Greenwich Park from 2 to 7 August. The competition was performed on raised arena platforms for the first time, which were suspended by support struts.
La Voz (Spanish TV series) season 8
The eighth season of La Voz premiered on 17 September 2021, on Antena 3. Alejandro Sanz is the only coach returning from the previous season. He was joined by former coaches Malú and Luis Fonsi, and first-time coach Pablo Alborán, replacing Laura Pausini, Pablo López and Antonio Orozco.

Inés Manzano was announced the winner of the eighth season, marking Pablo Alborán's first win as a coach.

Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)
Antena 3 (Antena Tres) is a Spanish terrestrial television channel part of Atresmedia, of which it is the flagship station. Its current headquarters are located in San Sebastián de los Reyes.

Some of the most popular programmes broadcast by Antena 3 include Aquí no hay quien viva, Física o Química, El barco, Los Protegidos, The Simpsons and El Internado. Some of its programmes, such as Física o Química, Money Heist and Your Face Sounds Familiar gained international success and recognition, leading to many duplicate programmes being produced worldwide.

Antena 3 is generally listed as the third channel on television sets throughout Spain, except in certain autonomous communities where the regional station occupies channel number 3.
Ali Mamlouk
Ali Mamlouk (Arabic: علي مملوك; born 19 February 1946) is a Syrian intelligence officer who served as a special security and military advisor to former president Bashar al-Assad. He is reportedly one of Assad's most trusted associates. From 2012 to 2019, Mamlouk served as the head of the National Security Bureau of the Ba'ath Party. On 9 July 2019, Mamlouk was appointed as the Syrian Deputy Vice President for Security Affairs.

Vice President of Syria
The vice president of Syria (Arabic: نائب رئيس سوريا, romanized: Nayib Raʾīs Sūriyā), officially the vice president of the Syrian Arab Republic, is the second-highest political position in the Syrian government after the president. The current Constitutional Declaration states that in the case of the president's 'temporary disablement', the vice president may become acting president.

Multiple people can hold the office of vice president at the same time. The president is responsible for appointing the vice president, alongside determining their powers. Since the fall of the Assad regime, the transitional government has not yet selected a vice president as of now.
Stage Coaches Act 1788
The Stage Coaches Act 1788 (28 Geo. 3. c. 57) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain to regulate the use of stagecoaches. It came into force from 1 November 1788.

It stipulated that no more than six people were permitted to ride upon the roof, and no more than two upon the box, of any coach or carriage traveling for hire. The penalty was to be a fine of forty shillings per person over the limit, levied on the driver; if the driver was the owner, they were to be fined four pounds per person. If the driver could not be found, then the owner was liable to the 40s penalty.

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
Wild Arabia
Wild Arabia is a British nature documentary series, first broadcast on BBC Two and BBC HD from 22 February to 8 March 2013. Produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and narrated by Alexander Siddig, the three-part series focuses on the landscapes, wildlife and people of the Arabian Peninsula. Each episode is followed by a ten-minute Wild Arabia Diaries segment, illustrating the techniques used to film a particular subject.

The series forms part of the Natural History Unit's "Continents" strand. It was preceded by Madagascar in 2011 and followed by Wild Brazil in 2014.

The series premiered in Australia on 19 July 2015 on Nat Geo Wild.

Nature documentary
A nature documentary or wildlife documentary is a genre of documentary film or series about animals, plants, or other non-human living creatures. Nature documentaries usually concentrate on video taken in the subject's natural habitat, but often including footage of trained and captive animals, too. Sometimes they are about wildlife or ecosystems in relationship to human beings. Such programmes are most frequently made for television, particularly for public broadcasting channels, but some are also made for the cinema. The proliferation of this genre occurred almost simultaneously alongside the production of similar television series which is distributed across the world.
Kolodny
Kolodny, also spelled Kolodney and Kolodnyi, is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annette Kolodny (1941–2019), American literary critic and activist

Avinoam Kolodny (fl. 1970s–2020s), Israeli professor

Daniella Kolodny (fl. 2000s–2020s), Israeli rabbi

Debra Kolodny (fl. 1980s–2020s), American activist

Lauren Kolodny (fl. 2010s–2020s), American entrepreneur and venture capitalist

Moshe Kol (1911–1989), Israeli politician and activist, born Moshe Kolodny

Robert C. Kolodny (born 1944), American author

Robert Kolodny (filmmaker) (fl. 2010s–2020s), American film maker

William Kolodney (1899–1976), American cultural educator

Robert Kolodny (filmmaker)
Robert Kolodny is an American film director, writer and cinematographer. His 2023 debut feature film, The Featherweight, premiered at the 80th Venice International Film Festival. He was a cinematographer for the Peabody Award-winning documentary film All the Beauty and the Bloodshed, released in 2022.
Milan Bogunović
Milan Bogunović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Бoгунoвић; born 31 May 1983) is a Serbian retired footballer who played as a defender.

Before signing with ZTE, he had previously played with Serbian clubs Red Star Belgrade, FK Jedinstvo Ub, FK Radnički Niš, FK Zemun and FK Voždovac, but also in Lebanon with Al-Nejmeh SC and another Hungarian club Diósgyőri VTK.

Diósgyőri VTK
Diósgyőri Vasgyárak Testgyakorló Köre, more commonly Diósgyőri VTK (Hungarian: [ˈdioːʒɟøːri ˈveːteːkaː]) is a professional football club, part of the Hungarian sports club from Diósgyőr district of Miskolc. Founded in 1910 by the local working class youth, the club plays in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, the top flight of Hungarian football, and has spent most of its history in the top tier. Diósgyőr is best known for its passionate supporters – in the past years, Diósgyőr had one of the highest average attendances in the Hungarian top division. The football club enjoyed its first golden age in the late 1970s and early 1980s, including a third-place finish in the 1978–79 season of the Hungarian League and two Hungarian Cup triumphs in 1977 and 1980.
Captain America: The Captain
"Captain America: The Captain", also known as "Captain America No More!", is a run of Captain America from issue 332 (cover dated Aug. 1987) to issue 350 (cover dated Feb. 1989), written by Mark Gruenwald. In this story arc, Steve Rogers (the original Captain America) temporarily gives up his superhero identity and is replaced by John Walker, before Rogers decides to return.

The first issue in the storyline (#332) invokes the classic comic book story Spider-Man No More! with the tagline "Captain America No More!" on the cover. (The actual name of the issue is "The Choice.")

The storyline also debuts the Commission on Superhuman Activities, which would continue to make many appearances over the years, including in the famous Civil War comics storyline.

U.S. Agent
U.S. Agent (John Walker) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually those starring Captain America and the Avengers. Created by Mark Gruenwald and Paul Neary, the character first appeared in Captain America #323 (November 1986) as Super-Patriot. He was later redesigned as an incarnation of Captain America and a few years later, as U.S. Agent.

Wyatt Russell portrays John Walker in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, starting with the streaming television series The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021) and the film Thunderbolts* (2025). He will reprise the role in Avengers: Doomsday (2026).
Georgy Vasmund
Georgy Robertovich Vasmund (Russian, Георгий Робертович Васмунд, 25 December 1840 - 30 May 1904) was an Imperial Russian division commander, lieutenant general. He took part in the suppression of the uprising in Poland and the war against the Ottoman Empire. In 1877 he was made the Commander of His Majesty's Life-Guards 1st Rifle Regiment and in 1898 he was made the Chief of Staff of the Life-Guards Headquarters and the St. Petersburg Military District

Order of Saint Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (Russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on 3 October [O.S. 22 September] 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'.
Pieter van Aelst
Peter van Aelst, Peeter van Aelst or Pieter van Aelst is the name of a number of artists including:

Pieter Coecke van Aelst, a Flemish painter of the 16th century

Peeter van Aelst, a 17th-century Dutch still life painter referred to by Cornelis de Bie in his Het Gulden Cabinet

Pieter van Aelst, a 17th-century Flemish genre painter active in Antwerp from 1644 to 1654

Pieter van Aelst III, a Flemish tapestry weaver of the 16th century

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
North Central Hardwood Forests
The North Central Hardwood Forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion (no. 51 in the EPA Level III ecoregions of the  United States) in central Minnesota, central Wisconsin, and northwestern Lower Michigan, embedded between (clockwise) the Western Corn Belt Plains in the south, the Northern Glaciated Plains, the Red River Valley, the Northern Minnesota Wetlands, and the Northern Lakes and Forests (ecoregion 50, approx. identical with WWF's Western Great Lakes forests). It forms the northern part of the upper Midwest forest-savanna transition, which also includes regions 52 (Driftless Area) and 53 (Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains).

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions, and include temperate rainforests.

These forests are richest and most distinctive in central China and eastern North America, with some other globally distinctive ecoregions in the Himalayas, Western and Central Europe, the southern coast of the Black Sea, Australasia, Southwestern South America and the Russian Far East.
Kishinevsky
Kishinevsky (also Kyshynivskyi, Kishinevski, etc.) is a Bessarabian Jewish toponymic surname. Its meaning in Russian language is "somebody from Chișinău" (from the Russian spelling of the place name Kishinev/Kishinyov (Кишинёв); now the place is the capital of Moldova). Its Romanian-language spelling is Chișinevschi.

Aleksandr Kishinevsky (born 1954), Russian footballer and coach

Iosif Chișinevschi (1905-1963), Jewish Romanian communist

Liuba Chișinevschi (1911–1981), Romanian communist activist

Mark Kishinevsky (1917-1993), Jewish Romanian and Soviet chemist

Solomon Kishinevsky (1862-1942), Jewish Ukrainian and Soviet painter and painting educator

Aleksandr Kishinevsky
Aleksandr Anatolyevich Kishinevsky (Russian: Александр Анатольевич Кишиневский; born 7 May 1954) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He is the manager of Yenisey-2 Krasnoyarsk.
Adamovo, Russia
Adamovo (Russian: Адамово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Adamovo, Republic of Buryatia, a selo in Adamovsky Selsoviet of Barguzinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia

Adamovo, Moscow Oblast, a village in Shemetovskoye Rural Settlement of Sergiyevo-Posadsky District of Moscow Oblast

Adamovo, Perm Krai, a village in Cherdynsky District of Perm Krai

Adamovo, Porkhovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Porkhovsky District, Pskov Oblast

Adamovo, Usvyatsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Usvyatsky District, Pskov Oblast

Adamovo, Tver Oblast, a village in Kotlovanskoye Rural Settlement of Udomelsky District of Tver Oblast

Adamovo, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Rodionovsky Rural Okrug of Nekouzsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Usvyatsky District
Usvyatsky District (Russian: Усвя́тский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Velikoluksky District in the north, Kunyinsky District in the east, Velizhsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the southeast, Vitebsk and Haradok Districts of Belarus in the southwest, and Nevelsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,100 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Usvyaty. Population: 5,598 (2010 census); 6,360 (2002 Census); 7,905 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Usvyaty accounts for 52.9% of the district's total population.
Marktsteft
Marktsteft (German: [maʁktˈʃtɛft] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Kitzingen, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Main, 5 km (3 mi) southwest of Kitzingen.

It was the birthplace (1885) of the well-known Second World War general Albert Kesselring.

Main (river)
The Main (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪn] ⓘ) is the longest tributary of the Rhine, one of the major European rivers. It rises as the White Main in the Fichtel Mountains of northeastern Bavaria and flows west through central Germany for 525 kilometres (326 mi) to meet the Rhine below Rüsselsheim, Hesse. The cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden are close to the confluence.

The largest cities on the Main are Frankfurt am Main, Offenbach am Main and Würzburg. It is the longest river lying entirely in Germany (if the Weser-Werra are considered separate).
Navarretia jaredii
Navarretia jaredii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names mitrefruit pincushionplant and Paso Robles navarretia.

It is endemic to California, where it is known from the central and south coasts and coastal mountain ranges. It grows in several types of local habitat, including chaparral, grassland and vernal pools, and slopes of serpentine soils.

It is a hairy annual herb producing a slender stem up to about 20 centimeters tall. The lower leaves are divided into needlelike lobes, the upper toothed and coated in white hairs. The herbage is green or red in color. The inflorescence is a head of flowers lined with hairy, glandular bracts. The flowers are roughly a centimeter in length and tubular in shape, the tubular throats white in color and the five rounded corolla lobes deep blue.

Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are seasonal pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals. They are considered to be a unique type of wetland usually devoid of fish, and thus allow the safe development of natal amphibian and insect species unable to withstand competition or predation by fish. Certain tropical fish lineages (such as killifishes) have however, adapted to this habitat specifically.

Vernal pools are a type of wetland. They can be surrounded by many communities/species, including deciduous forest, grassland, lodgepole pine forest, blue oak woodland, sagebrush steppe, succulent coastal scrub and prairie. These pools are characteristic of Mediterranean climates, but occur in many other ecosystems.