hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dominated convergence theorem
In measure theory, Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem gives a mild sufficient condition under which limits and integrals of a sequence of functions can be interchanged. More technically it says that if a sequence of functions is bounded in absolute value by an integrable function and is almost everywhere pointwise convergent to a function then the sequence converges in  to its pointwise limit, and in particular the integral of the limit is the limit of the integrals. Its power and utility are two of the primary theoretical advantages of Lebesgue integration over Riemann integration.

In addition to its frequent appearance in mathematical analysis and partial differential equations, it is widely used in probability theory, since it gives a sufficient condition for the convergence of expected values of random variables.

Measure space
A measure space is a basic object of measure theory, a branch of mathematics that studies generalized notions of volumes. It contains an underlying set, the subsets of this set that are feasible for measuring (the σ-algebra), and the method that is used for measuring (the measure). One important  example of a measure space is a probability space.

A measurable space consists of the first two components without a specific measure.
Anne Basting
Anne Davis Basting, is an American gerontologist working as a professor of English at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's Peck School of the Arts. Her work centers around aging, memory, and dementia, both from the point of view of the elderly and that of society; and of the uses of theater, storytelling, and other arts in eldercare. She is one of the 2016 MacArthur Fellows (recipients of the $625,000 so-called "genius grants").

University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee academics
The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee is a doctoral-degree granting public research university that consists of 14 colleges and schools, and 70 academic centers, institutes and laboratory facilities. It offers a total of 180 degree programs, including 94 bachelor's, 53 master's and 32 doctorate degrees. The School of Freshwater Sciences is the only graduate school of freshwater science in the U.S. and the third in the world. The School of Architecture and Urban Planning, the College of Nursing and the College of Health Sciences are the largest in Wisconsin.

The university is categorized as an R1 Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Per U.S. News & World Report 2012, the university is ranked 121st nationally by America's Best High School guidance counselors as offering the best undergraduate education to their students.
Willa Cather House
The Willa Cather House, also known as the Willa Cather Childhood Home, is a historic house museum at 241 North Cedar Street in Red Cloud, Nebraska.  Built in 1878, it is the house where author Willa Cather (1873–1947) grew up.  Cather's descriptions of frontier life in Nebraska were an important part of the literary canon of the early 20th century.  The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.  The house is one of eight structures that make up the Willa Cather State Historic Site, which is owned by the Willa Cather Foundation.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
The Maid of Brakel
"The Maid of Brakel" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms' Fairy Tales, tale number 115.

It is Aarne-Thompson type 1476A, Praying to the Statue's Mother.

The story is set in Brakel, Germany.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Arroyo de Toledo
Arroyo de Toledo is a river in Uruguay.

Arroyo de Toledo runs in the area of the Departments of Canelones and Montevideo, as the border line of which it serves. According to Orestes Araújo, it rises about four kilometers east of Punta del Burro in the Maldonado Department. It carries little water and sinks before it can pour into the sea. South of the town of Joaquín Suárez meets the Arroyo Meireles on its left hand. According to Isidoro de María, the name of the river goes back to a simple settler of the same name in this area.

Maldonado Department
The Maldonado Department (Spanish: Departamento de Maldonado; pronounced [maldoˈnaðo]), with an area of 4,793 km2 (1,851 sq mi) and 212,951 inhabitants (2023), is located to the southeast of Uruguay. Its capital is Maldonado.
Mark Wright (British politician)
Mark Wright is a Liberal Democrat politician from Bristol, United Kingdom. He was the councillor for Cabot ward from 2005 until the ward's abolition in 2016. He then was elected for the new successor ward of Hotwells and Harbourside in 2016. Between 2009 and 2011 he was Executive Councillor responsible for Housing, Service Improvement and IT on Bristol City Council in Bristol, England.

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
Preston, Tasmania
Preston is a village located in the Central Coast Council municipal area, near Upper Castra and Ulverstone in the North West region of Tasmania, Australia. The 2021 census recorded a population of 149 for the state suburb of Preston.

North West Tasmania
North West Tasmania is one of the regions of Tasmania in Australia. The region comprises the whole of the north west, including the North West Coast  and the northern reaches of the West Coast.  It is usually accepted as extending as far south as the Pieman River and including the Savage River National Park within the Tarkine region.

The region is characterised by its rugged beauty, from coastlines to agricultural lands. It is a key gateway for the MS Spirit of Tasmania II ferry, which docks at Devonport.
Grimidi
Grimidi was an ancient Roman town of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis, located at 3.73031 35.87687 in North Africa.  It flourished from about 30BC to about 640AD. Numerous ruins litter the site.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
Santa María Dam
The Santa María Dam (Spanish: Planta Hidroeléctrica Santa María) is a reinforced concrete gravity dam and power plant spanning the Samalá River in Zunil, Escuintla, Guatemala.

The dam's reservoir has a total capacity of 215,500 m3. The water is transported to the powerhouse through 614 m long pressure pipe. The plant has 3 different turbines (1 × 2.48 MW and 2 × 2.2 MW) with a total installed capacity of 6.88 MW. The plant has a level declination of 101 m, and a designed flow of 2.35 m3/s for unit 1 and 2, and 2.42 m3/s for unit 3.

The plant that became operational in 1927 annually produces 38 GWh of electrical power.

Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.
Comme une symphonie d'amour
Comme une symphonie d'amour is a 1979 album by South African singer Miriam Makeba. The album has been published in several editions, including one by Gallo Records in 2006. Some editions are entitled Malaisha.

Gallo Record Company
Gallo Record Company is the largest (and oldest independent) record label in South Africa. It is based in Johannesburg, and is owned by Arena Holdings. The current Gallo Record Company is a hybrid of two South African record labels, rivals between the 1940s and 1980s: the original Gallo Africa (1926–85) and G.R.C. (Gramophone Record Company, 1939–85). In 1985, Gallo Africa acquired G.R.C.; as a result, Gallo Africa became known as Gallo-GRC. Five years after the acquisition, the company was renamed Gallo Record Company.
Rywałd, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Rywałd [ˈrɨvau̯t] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Starogard Gdański, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Rywałd was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Tczew County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.
1842 Massachusetts legislature
The 63rd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1842 during the governorship of John Davis. Josiah Quincy Jr. served as president of the Senate and Thomas H. Kinnicutt served as speaker of the House.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Robert Hull
Robert Hull is an American television writer and producer.

He is currently the executive producer, creator, and showrunner of the Netflix series I WILL FIND YOU based on the New York Times best-selling book by author Harlan Coben.  He was previously a writer and executive producer of the NBC show Quantum Leap after being the  co-showrunner and executive producer of the CBS show God Friended Me. A veteran writer-producer, he is well known for his work on The CW Television Network drama/mystery Veronica Mars and Gossip Girl as well as the Fox Television Network/Bad Robot drama Alcatraz produced by J.J. Abrams, and Monarch starring Susan Sarandon, the ABC fantasy/mystery series Once Upon a Time, and Warner Brothers/DC Studios Gotham and Pennyworth.

Harlan Coben
Harlan Coben (born January 4, 1962) is an American writer of mystery novels and thrillers. The plots of his novels often involve the resurfacing of unresolved or misinterpreted events in the past, murders, or fatal accidents and have multiple twists. Twelve of his novels have been adapted for film and television.

Coben has won an Edgar Award, a Shamus Award, and an Anthony Award—the first author to receive all three. His books have been translated into 46 languages and sold over 90 million copies.
Yuri Leiderman
Yuri Leiderman (born in 1963, Odesa, Ukraine) is an artist and writer, one of the Moscow Conceptualists. He participated in apartment exhibitions in Moscow and Odesa since 1982. He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology named after D. Mendeleyev in 1987. He was one of the founding members of the "Medical Hermeneutics" group in 1987, leaving the group in 1990. He was awarded the Andrei Belyi literature prize in 2005. He was a member of the groups "Kapiton" and "Corbusier", 2008–2010. He was a participant in the 68th Venice International Film Festival. He resides and works in Berlin.

Moscow Conceptualists
The Moscow Conceptualist, or Russian Conceptualist, artistic and literary movement began with the Sots art of Komar and Melamid in the early 1970s Soviet Union, and continued as a trend in Soviet nonconformist art into the 1980s.  It attempted to subvert socialist ideology using the strategies of western conceptual art and appropriation art. It was an artistic counterpoint to Socialist Realism, and the artists experimented aesthetically in a wide range of media, including painting, sculpture, performance, and literature. As Joseph Bakshtein explained, "The creation of this nonconformist tradition was impelled by the fact that an outsider in the Soviet empire stood alone against a tremendous state machine, a great Leviathan that threatened to engulf him. To preserve one's identity in this situation, one had to create a separate value system, including a system of aesthetic values."
Zhang Junjiu
Zhang Junjiu (Chinese: 张俊九; born August 1940) is a Chinese politician. He was an alternate member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 15th and 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th and 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1992 to 1997. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 13th Central Committee. It was elected by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and in turn elected the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.
Werner Almesberger
Werner Almesberger (born 13 August 1967) is an Austrian free software computer programmer and an open-source hardware designer/maker. He is mainly known as a hacker of the Linux kernel.

Contributions to Linux (free software projects) include the LILO boot loader, the initial RAM disk (initrd), the MS-DOS file system, much of the ATM code, the tcng traffic control configurator, the UML-based simulator umlsim, and the Openmoko (a version of Linux for completely open, low-cost, high-volume phones).

File Allocation Table
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers and was the default file system for the DOS and Windows 9x operating systems. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. The increase in disk drive capacity over time drove modifications to the design that resulted in versions: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT.

FAT was replaced with NTFS as the default file system on Microsoft operating systems starting with Windows XP. Nevertheless, FAT continues to be commonly used on relatively small capacity solid-state storage technologies such as USB flash drives, SD cards, MultiMediaCards (MMC) and eMMC because of its compatibility across operating systems and embedded systems, and ease of implementation.
Canons Regular of the Lateran
The Canons Regular of the Lateran (CRL, Canonici Regulares Lateranenses), formally titled the Canons Regular of St. Augustine of the Congregation of the Most Holy Savior at the Lateran, is an international congregation  of canons regular, comprising priests and lay brothers, in the Catholic Church. They received their present name from Pope Eugene IV in 1446.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Austroblechnum divergens
Austroblechnum divergens, synonyms including Blechnum divergens, Blechnum rimbachii and Blechnum floresii, is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae.

Austroblechnum divergens in its broader circumscription is native from Mexico to southern Brazil.

Some sources treat the taxon known by the synonym Blechnum rimbachii as a distinct species; if so, it is endemic to Azuay Province, Ecuador (found 2,000 m above sea level), and is only known from an early 20th century collection. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss for agriculture.

Similarly, the synonym Blechnum floresii is regarded as representing a separate species by some sources. If so, it is endemic to Ecuador, where it is known from only two locations in Pichincha Province. It grows in coastal forest habitat and the forests of the low Andes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Pichincha Province
Pichincha (Spanish pronunciation: [piˈtʃintʃa]) is a province of Ecuador located in the northern Sierra region; its capital and largest city is Quito. It is bordered by Imbabura and Esmeraldas to the north, Cotopaxi and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas to the south, Napo and Sucumbíos to the east, and Esmeraldas and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas to the west.

Prior to 2008, the canton Santo Domingo de los Colorados was part of the Pichincha Province. It has since become its own province, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas.

The province is home to many rose plantations, which make up the bulk of Ecuador's floriculture industry.
Far Sector
Far Sector is a comic book miniseries in the DC Comics Green Lantern franchise, published from 2019 to 2021 by DC's imprint Young Animal. The Green Lantern of the series is Sojourner Mullein, created by science fiction and fantasy writer Nora Keita Jemisin. Far Sector won the 2022 Hugo Award for Best Graphic Story or Comic. Far Sector also received several more award nominations: three Eisner Awards nominations, a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comic Book nomination, and an Ignyte Award. The series has an average critic rating of 8.7 out of 10 based on 169 reviews on the review aggregator website Comic Book Roundup.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.
EVM Pilot Project
EVM Pilot Project was an under process Electronic Voting Machine for the forthcoming general elections in Pakistan and giving the right to vote to Pakistanis living abroad.

The ruling party had already passed the bill in the National Assembly on the basis of majority in a joint session.

General election
A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. General elections typically occur at regular intervals as mandated by a country's constitution or electoral laws, and may include elections for a legislature and sometimes other positions such as a directly elected president. In many jurisdictions, general elections can coincide with other electoral events such as local, regional, or supranational elections. For example, on 25 May 2014, Belgian voters simultaneously elected their national parliament, 21 members of the European Parliament, and regional parliaments.

In the United States, "general election" has a slightly different, but related meaning: the ordinary electoral competition following the selection of candidates in the primary election.
Atchannou
Atchannou is an arrondissement in the Mono department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Athiémè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 7176.

Mono Department
Mono [mo.no] is one of the twelve departments of Benin, with its capital at Lokossa. It is named for the Mono River which forms much of the border with Togo. The northern areas of the department were split off to create the newly formed Kouffo Department in 1999. Mono is subdivided into six communes, each centred at one of the principal towns, namely, Athiémè, Bopa, Comè, Grand-Popo, Houéyogbé and Lokossa. It has an area of 1,396 square kilometres (539 sq mi).

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 497,243, with 241,554 males and 255,689 females. The proportion of women was 51.40%. The total rural population was 50.30%, while the urban population was 49.70%. The total labour force in the department was 142,220, of which 48.60% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 48.70%.
Collie Mail
The Collie Mail was established at Collie, Western Australia in 1908. The paper was published weekly, initially Saturdays and from  1931 forward Thursdays, to share the news and information of the new coal mining town of Collie.

The distribution area of the Collie Mail covered Collie, Bunbury, Darkan, Donnybrook and Duranillan.

The Collie Mail was in it later years owned by Fairfax Media and then by Australian Community Media. Copies could be obtained every Thursday for $ 1.50 "at Reubens" or by subscription. The last entry on their Facebook page dates back to 30 October 2020. The website is redirected to the Bunbury Mail site.

Nowadays Collie is served by the locally run Collie River Valley Bulletin, which publishes a print edition weekly on Thursdays and maintains a presence on the internet.

Darkan, Western Australia
Darkan is a town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, between Collie and the Albany Highway on the Coalfields Highway. It is also the seat of the Shire of West Arthur. At the 2016 census, Darkan had a population of 403.