hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Willy Guggenheim
Willy Leopold Guggenheim colloquially Varlin (16 March 1900 – 30 October 1977) was a Swiss painter who was primarily known for his figurative work that emphasized the fragility of everyday life. He was a regular at Kronenhalle and was acquainted with Hugo Loetscher, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Alberto Giacometti and several others.

Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Friedrich Dürrenmatt (German: [ˈfriːdrɪç ˈdʏrənˌmat] ⓘ; 5 January 1921 – 14 December 1990) was a Swiss author and dramatist. He was a proponent of epic theatre whose plays reflected the recent experiences of World War II. The politically active author's work included avant-garde dramas, philosophical crime novels, and macabre satire. Dürrenmatt was a member of the Gruppe Olten, a group of left-wing Swiss writers who convened regularly at a restaurant in the city of Olten.
Guantian District
23°11′N 120°20′E﻿ / ﻿23.183°N 120.333°E﻿ / 23.183; 120.333

Guantian District (Chinese: 官田區; pinyin: Guāntián Qū; Wade–Giles: Kuan1-t‘ien2 Ch‘ü1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Koaⁿ-tiān-khu) is a rural district in central Tainan, Taiwan. It is the hometown of former Taiwanese President Chen Shui-bian. It hosts a population of 20,866 residents.

Taiwan Railway
Taiwan Railway (TR) is a state-owned conventional railway in Taiwan. It is operated by the Taiwan Railway Corporation under the supervision of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track in Taiwan. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

The railway was previously operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation.
Carl Traugott Beilschmied
Carl Traugott Beilschmied (19 October 1793 in Langenöls – 6 May 1848 in Herrnstadt) was a German pharmacist and botanist, known for his research in phytogeography.

Prior to 1820, he trained and worked in pharmacies in Beuthen, Breslau and Berlin. He then studied at the University of Bonn, where he came under the influence of Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. In 1822 he began work as a provisor at a pharmacy in Ohlau, becoming its manager in 1826. In 1837 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Breslau, and during the following year, became a member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.

As a taxonomist he described several botanical subfamilies. The genus Beilschmiedia was named in his honour by Nees von Esenbeck.

German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (German: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the Academia Naturae Curiosorum until 1687 when Emperor Leopold I raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences.
Brest (surname)
Brest is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harold Brest, 20th-century American prisoner

Jorge Romero Brest (1905–1989), Argentine art critic and curator

Lewis F. Brest (1842–1915), Union Army soldier

Martin Brest (born 1951), American filmmaker, producer, screenwriter, film editor, and actor

Paul Brest (born c. 1940), American academic

Vida Brest (1925–1985), Slovenian poet and writer

Benjamin Issac Brest - Kansas

Paul Brest
Paul Brest (born 1940) is an American legal scholar. He is professor emeritus at Stanford Law School, where he served as dean from 1987 to 1999. After retiring as dean, he became president of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation from 2000-2012, and then returned to Stanford, where he currently teaches.  Brest is recognized for his work in constitutional law, philanthropy, impact investing, and nonprofit strategy.
Acidic protease
There are two classes of acidic proteases:

Aspartic proteases - that use a catalytic aspartic acid in their active site

Glutamic proteases - that use a catalytic glutamic acid in their active site (less common)

Glutamic protease
Glutamic proteases are a group of proteolytic enzymes containing a glutamic acid residue within the active site. This type of protease was first described in 2004 and became the sixth catalytic type of protease. Members of this group of protease had been previously assumed to be an aspartate protease, but structural determination showed it to belong to a novel protease family.  The first structure of this group of protease was  scytalidoglutamic peptidase, the active site of which contains a catalytic dyad, glutamic acid (E) and glutamine (Q), which give rise to the name eqolisin.  This group of proteases are found primarily in pathogenic fungi affecting plant and human.
The Quest for Saint Aquin
"The Quest for Saint Aquin" is a science fiction short story by American writer Anthony Boucher (1911–1968), originally published in 1951 in New Tales of Space and Time.

"The Quest for Saint Aquin" was among the stories selected in 1970 by the Science Fiction Writers of America as one of the best science fiction short stories published before the creation of the Nebula Awards. As such, it was published in The Science Fiction Hall of Fame Volume One, 1929-1964. It was also selected by the English novelist and critic Kingsley Amis in 1981 as the first story in his The Golden Age of Science Fiction: An Anthology.

Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association
The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, doing business as Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association and commonly known as SFWA (/ˈsɪfwə/ or /ˈsɛfwə/) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization of professional science fiction and fantasy writers. While SFWA is based in the United States, its membership is open to writers worldwide. The organization was founded in 1965 by Damon Knight under the name Science Fiction Writers of America.

As of 2025, SFWA has about 2,500 members worldwide.

Active SFWA members may vote for the Nebula Awards, one of the principal English-language science fiction awards.
2003 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final
The 2003 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played on Sunday 29 June at Semple Stadium in Thurles. It was contested by Cork and Waterford. Cork, captained by Alan Browne, claimed the title, beating Waterford on a scoreline of 3-16 to 3-12.

Waterford was leading by 1-9 to 1-4 at halftime. John Mullane scored three goals in the game for the defending champions, one in the ninth minute of the first half and two in the second half but ended up on the losing side. Paul Flynn was also sent off for Waterford for a second bookable offense deep in injury time.

John Mullane
John Mullane (born 28 January 1981) is an Irish hurler who previously played as a right corner-forward for the Waterford senior team.

Mullane joined the team during the 2001 championship and immediately became a regular member of the starting fifteen. Since then he has won four Munster winners' medals, one National League winners' medal and five All Star awards. Mullane has ended up as an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

At club level Mullane is a two-time Munster medalist with De La Salle. In addition to this he has also won three county club championship medals.

Mullane is widely considered one, if not the best player Waterford has ever produced. Winning a total of 5 All-Stars (a record for a Waterford player), Mullane is also one of the best players ever never to win the Liam MacCarthy Cup. He is considered a legend of Waterford due to his passionate displays throughout his career.
Transport in Cambodia
The system of transport in Cambodia, was rudimentary in the past, severely damaged in the chaos that engulfed the nation in the latter half of the 20th century. The country's weak transport infrastructure hindered emergency relief efforts, exacerbating the logistical issues of procurement of supplies in general and their distribution. Cambodia received Soviet technical assistance and equipment to support the maintenance of the transportation network. In the last twenty years, however, significant improvements have been made, including an expressway, almost all of the major roads being paved, and two new major international airports - one in Siem Reap and one in Phnom Penh. Furthermore, ground has been broken on a canal that will allow cargo to go directly to the ocean, as well as planned new train lines.

Transport network analysis
A transport network, or transportation network, is a network or graph in geographic space, describing an infrastructure that permits and constrains movement or flow.
Examples include but are not limited to road networks, railways, air routes, pipelines, aqueducts, and power lines. The digital representation of these networks, and the methods for their analysis, is a core part of spatial analysis, geographic information systems, public utilities, and transport engineering. Network analysis is an application of the theories and algorithms of graph theory and is a form of proximity analysis.
Koji Masuda
Koji Masuda (益田 弘二, Masuda Kōji; born 1 February 1944) is a Japanese boxer. He competed in the men's light middleweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1964 Summer Olympics, he defeated Jannie Gibson of Rhodesia in the Round of 32 before losing to Joseph Gonzales of France in the Round of 16.

Boxing at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Light middleweight
The light middleweight class in the boxing at the 1964 Summer Olympics competition was the fourth-heaviest class.  Light middleweights were limited to those boxers weighing less than 71 kilograms. 25 boxers from 25 nations competed.
Utra Gauri
Utra Gauri is a village in Lalganj block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 5 km from Lalganj, the block and tehsil headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 3,630 people, in 643 households. It has three primary schools and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Utra Gauri as comprising 6 hamlets, with a total population of 1,787 people (924 male and 863 female), in 309 households and 288 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,187 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Utra Gauri as having a population of 2,449 people, in 436 households, and having an area of 484.01 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

Raebareli district
Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

As of 2011, its population is 3,405,559, which makes it the 27th largest in the state. It is a predominantly rural district, with 91% of the population living in rural areas.
Ross Upshur
Ross Upshur (born 1958) is a Canadian physician and researcher. He is a professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Canada, and heads its public health division.

Dalla Lana School of Public Health
The Dalla Lana School of Public Health is the school of public health at the University of Toronto, based on its St. George campus in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1927, and was home for 50 years to Connaught Laboratories, a manufacturer of vaccines, insulin, and many other pharmaceutical products. Having grown to be the largest cluster of public health scholars in Canada, the school was revitalized in 2008 with the support of a major gift from the Dalla Lana family.
HMS Neasham
HMS Neasham (M2712/IMS49) was a Ham-class minesweeper for the Royal Navy. The names of the Ham-class vessels were all chosen from villages ending in -ham. HMS Neasham was named after Neasham in County Durham.

Despite being completed on 15 November 1957, Neasham was held in operational reserve in a land cradle at Rosneath on the Clyde until 1967.  She was then transferred to the Royal Australian Navy, arriving in Sydney as deck cargo on the merchant ship Gladstone Star on 29 July 1968.

After a period at the RAN base at Garden Island, New South Wales, Neasham was converted into a diving tender and renamed HMAS Porpoise (DTV 1002/Y.280) on 13 June 1973. Porpoise was sold in 1989 to property developer Keith Williams, owner of Sea World on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.  She was later converted into a luxury motor yacht and renamed Achilles III.

Rosneath
Rosneath (Scottish Gaelic: Ros Neimhidh) is a town in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It sits on the western shore of the Gare Loch, 2 miles (3 kilometres) northwest of the tip of the Rosneath Peninsula. It is about 2.4 miles (4 kilometres) by road from the village of Kilcreggan, which is sited on the southern shore of the peninsula, on the Firth of Clyde.

The Gare Loch narrows at Rosneath to under half a mile (around 600 metres) at a place known as the Rhu Narrows, after the village of Rhu on the eastern shore of the loch.

Rosneath Bay to the south of the town curves eastward to Castle Point, near the site of the former Roseneath Castle, in the grounds of the former Rosneath House which are now occupied by Rosneath caravan park. The coast turns south past Culwatty Bay to Rosneath Point at the tip of the peninsula, which was directly north of the Greenock Princes Pier railway station, 2 miles (3 kilometres) distant on the southern shore of the Firth.
WPKA-LP
WPKA-LP (99.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Apopka, Florida. The station is owned by VJIL Inc. It airs an Urban gospel format.

The station was assigned the callsign WPKA-LP by the Federal Communications Commission on March 7, 2014.

Apopka, Florida
Apopka is a city in Orange County, Florida. The city's population was 54,873 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Apopka comes from Seminole word Ahapopka for "potato-eating place".

Apopka is referred to as the "Indoor Foliage Capital of the World" due to the many greenhouse nurseries there.
F. Rubinet
F. Rubinet (fl 1482–1507), sometimes given as Robinet, was a French composer and singer active in Florence, Italy. Six compositions credited to F. Rubinet were copied in Florence in the 1490s and are extant in the collection at the National Central Library in Florence. Scholars speculate that this composer is the same person as a cantor, "Robinetto francioso cantore", employed at the Santissima Annunziata, Florence in 1482–1483, and a 'contro alto' "fratrem Rubinectum franciosum" employed at the Florence Cathedral in 1506–1507. His compositions appear to have been influenced by Loyset Compère, and use a similar 'cycle of fifths' utilized in Compère's compositions.

It is speculated by some, that F. Rubinet may be the composer of the ballad Entre Peronne et Saint Quentin ascribed to a Rubinus found in seven sources (two from central France) dating back to as early as 1460. However, other musicians have also been proposed as the author of this work.

Cantor
A cantor or chanter is a person who leads people in singing or sometimes in prayer. Cantor as a profession generally refers to those leading a Jewish congregation, although it also applies to the lead singer or choir director in Christian contexts. In formal Jewish worship, a cantor is a person who sings solo verses or passages to which the choir or congregation responds.
Vilayat Khan
Vilayat Khan (28 August 1928 – 13 March 2004) was an Indian classical sitar player, considered by many to be the greatest sitarist of his age.  Along with Imdad Khan, Enayat Khan, and Imrat Khan, he is credited with the creation and development of gayaki ang (a technique that emulates the vocal melisma of Hindustani classical music) on the sitar.

He recorded his first 78-RPM disc at the age of 8 and gave his last concert in 2004 at the age of 75. He has composed the music for several films, including Jalsaghar (1958), The Guru (1969), and Kadambari (1976).

Melisma
Melisma (Ancient Greek: μέλισμα, mélisma, lit. 'song'; from μέλος, melos, 'song, melody', plural: melismata), informally known as a vocal run and sometimes interchanged with the term roulade, is the singing of a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession. Music sung in this style is referred to as melismatic, as opposed to syllabic, in which each syllable of text is matched to a single note.
Stauffenberg
The Schenk von Stauffenberg family is a Roman Catholic Uradel German noble family from Swabia, Germany. The family's best-known recent member was Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg – the key figure in 20 July plot in 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler.

Uradel
Uradel (German: [ʔuːɐ̯ˈʔaːdl̩], German: "ancient nobility"; adjective uradelig or uradlig) is a genealogical term introduced in late 18th-century Germany to distinguish those families whose noble rank can be traced to the 14th century or earlier. The word stands opposed to Briefadel, a term used for titles of nobility created in the early modern period or modern history by letters patent. Since the earliest known such letters were issued in the 14th century, those knightly families in northern European nobility whose noble rank predates these are designated Uradel.

Uradel and Briefadel families are generally further divided into categories with their ranks of titles: adlig (untitled nobility), freiherrlich (baronial), gräflich (comital), fürstlich (princely) and herzoglich (ducal) houses. The latter two are also referred to as Hochadel (High Nobility).
Olmstead Pond
Olmstead Pond is a lake located northeast of Wanakena, New York. The outflow creek flows into Six Mile Creek. Fish species present in the pond are brown bullhead, and brook trout. Access via trail from West Flow Bay of Cranberry Lake on the south shore. No motors are allowed on Olmstead Pond.

Brown bullhead
The brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) is a fish of the family Ictaluridae that is widely distributed in North America. It is a species of bullhead catfish and is similar to the black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) and yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis). It was originally described as Pimelodus nebulosus by Charles Alexandre Lesueur in 1819, and is also referred to as Ictalurus nebulosus.

The brown bullhead is also widely known as the "mud pout", "horned pout", "hornpout", or simply "mud cat", a name also used with the other bullhead species.

The brown bullhead is important as a clan symbol of the Ojibwe people. In their tradition, the bullhead or wawaazisii is one of six beings that came out of the sea to form the original clans.
Carmen (1931 film)
Carmen is a 1931 British musical film directed by Cecil Lewis and starring Marguerite Namara, Thomas F. Burke and Lance Fairfax. It is an adaptation of the opera Carmen by Georges Bizet. It is also known by the alternative title of Gipsy Blood. It was produced by British International Pictures, the country's leading company of the early sound era, and shot at the Elstree Studios near London.

Cecil Arthur Lewis
Cecil Arthur Lewis MC (29 March 1898 – 27 January 1997) was a British fighter ace who flew with No. 56 Squadron RAF in the First World War, and was credited with destroying eight enemy aircraft. He went on to be a founding executive of the British Broadcasting Company and to enjoy a long career as a writer, notably of the aviation classic Sagittarius Rising, some scenes from which were represented in the film Aces High.
13th Alberta Legislature
The 13th Alberta Legislative Assembly was in session from August 17, 1955, to May 9, 1959, with the membership of the assembly determined by the results of the 1955 Alberta general election held on June 29, 1955. The Legislature officially resumed on August 17, 1955, and continued until the fifth session was prorogued on April 7, 1959, and dissolved on May 9, 1959, prior to the 1959 Alberta general election.

Alberta's thirteenth government was controlled by the majority Social Credit Party for the sixth time, led by Premier Ernest Manning who would go on to be the longest serving Premier in Alberta history. The Official Opposition was led by James Harper Prowse a member of the Alberta Liberal Party until the fifth session when Grant MacEwan became the leader of the Official Opposition. The Speaker was Peter Dawson who would serve until his death during the 15th legislature on March 24, 1963.

Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta
The Speaker of the Alberta Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.

The Speaker is selected by secret ballot in the first session of a new legislative assembly.
Robert Conway (director)
Robert Conway is an American independent filmmaker. He is best known for his work on the horror thriller films The Encounter, Krampus Unleashed, Krampus: The Reckoning, Krampus Origins, and The Covenant.

Krampus Unleashed
Krampus Unleashed is a 2016 horror film written and directed by Robert Conway. Premiering on video on demand before being released direct-to-video, the film stars Bryson Holl, Caroline Lassetter, Tim Sauer, and Emily Lynne Aiken as members of a dysfunctional family who run afoul of the mythological creature Krampus (Travis Amery) while spending Christmas with relatives in the Southwestern United States.
BusinessLDN
BusinessLDN (spoken as Business London) is a not for profit advocacy group with a membership composed of leaders of businesses in London, United Kingdom.

As of 2025, it represents around 170 London based businesses.

Its stated aim is "to make London the best city in the world in which to do business".

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
VOEA Late (A402)
VOEA Late (A402) is a landing craft that was commissioned into the Tongan Maritime Force on 15 Oct 2025 and was donated by Australia under the Pacific Maritime Security Program.

A402, replaced, VOEA Late (A401), a landing craft donated by Australia through the Defence Cooperation Program that was commissioned as VOEA Late on 23 October 2015. The A$5 million landing craft was designed by Australian firm Incat Crowther and built by Forgacs Marine and Defence in Newcastle, New South Wales.

A401 was listed in August 2025 for sale by Pickles Auctions.

A401 replaced, HMAV Late (C315), a former Australian Army LCM-8 landing craft donated to Tonga in 1982 through the Australian Defence Cooperation Program to "assist in cyclone rehabilitation work" following Cyclone Isaac. In June 1982, the landing craft was commissioned as the HMAV Late. In 2000, HMAV Late was decommissioned.

Tongan Maritime Force
The Tongan Maritime Force is the sea arm of His Majesty's Armed Forces of Tonga. Its primary roles include maritime patrol, search and rescue, law enforcement and supporting humanitarian assistance and disaster relief across Tonga's vast exclusive economic zone.

Tonga is an island country in Polynesia, The country is made up of 171 islands of which 45 are inhabited, Tonga was first inhabited about 400 years BC and grew into a regional power. It was a thalassocracy that conquered and controlled unprecedented swathes of the Pacific, including parts of the Solomon Islands and the whole of New Caledonia and Fiji in the west to Samoa and Niue its military history is of expeditionary warfare from the Sea, up to European discovery in 1616 and the bringing of Christianity to the Tonga Islands