hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Purlovia
Purlovia is an extinct genus of herbivorous therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian of Russia. Fossils have been found from the Tonshayevsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. The type species of Purlovia, P. maxima, was named in 2011.

In comparison to other therocephalians, Purlovia had a very wide skull due to a widened temporal region. Viewed from above, it looks roughly triangular. The skull is about 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long, with nearly half its length in the postorbital region behind the eye sockets. It has large canine teeth and smaller buccal, or cheek teeth, along the thick upper and lower jaws. The lower jaw is robust and curved upward, with a well-developed symphyseal region where the two halves of the jaw meet.

Lopingian
The Lopingian,  informally the Late or Upper Permian, is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian, and last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.

The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian.

The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma.

Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.
Rapid control prototyping
Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) is a type of simulation methodology that allows for the rapid evaluation of control systems, especially for large machinery. It can test and evaluate algorithms as well as associated components such as sensors, actuators, pumps etc. The system requires some type of mock up, usually a scaled down version of the system to be tested, plus high powered computer simulation software. Rapid Control Prototyping has gained popularity thanks to its ability to accelerate product development and reduce their time-to-market. The approach also helps mitigate design risks, thanks to their early identification.

Time to market
In commerce, time to market (TTM) is the length of time it takes from a product being conceived until its being available for sale. The reason that time to market is so important is that being late erodes the addressable market into which producers have to sell their product. A common assumption is that TTM matters most for first-of-a-kind products, but actually a late product launch in any industry can negatively impact revenues—from reducing the window of opportunity to generate revenues to causing the product to become obsolete faster.
Xanthoparmelia hybrida
Xanthoparmelia hybrida is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Pilgrim's rest along the Treur River near the Bourkes Luck Potholes, at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) (Transvaal), where it was found growing on a sandstone boulder. The lichen has a yellowish-green thallus measuring 6–9 cm (2.4–3.5 in) in diameter, comprising somewhat irregular to linear lobes that measure 1–2.5 mm wide. It contains protocetraric acid, stictic acid, constictic acid, and usnic acid.

Mason Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific American lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens.
Human Rights Record of the United States
First issued in 1998, Human Rights Record of the United States is an annual publication by the State Council Information Office of China to counter the U.S. Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights.

The 2011 report stated (edited for clarity):

The U.S. State Department report is a political instrument distorting China's human rights issues, ignoring its own human rights issues.

The reports tend to highlight wedge issues in the United States such as poverty, crime, racism and gun violence. It cites a variety of references, including official sources and internet sites.

Wedge issue
A wedge issue in politics is any issue used to create a division within a political party. These issues are usually employed as a tactic by a minority party against a governing majority party, with the aim of splitting the majority's electorate into two or more camps. Although any issue could potentially be used as a wedge, some of the most common examples are often concerned with social justice, such as abortion or civil rights. Due to the prevalence of social justice issues as a wedge, the tactic is often most effectively employed by conservative parties against liberal parties. American political strategist Lee Atwater has been noted as an early champion of wedge issue politics during the Reagan era.
U.F.C.I. Tomar
União Futebol Comércio e Indústria de Tomar, or more commonly União de Tomar, is a Portuguese association football club formed on 4 May 1914 and based in the city of Tomar. The club spent a total of six seasons in the Portuguese Liga, Portugal's top division, and won the Portuguese Second Division in 1974. It is the only club from Santarém District to have competed in the Primeira Liga.

Santarém District
The District of Santarém (Portuguese: Distrito de Santarém [sɐ̃tɐˈɾɐ̃j] ⓘ) is a district of Portugal, located in Portugal's West and Tagus Valley region. The district capital is the city of Santarém.

The district is the 3rd largest in Portugal, with an area of 6,747 km2 (2,605 sq mi), and a population of 475,344 inhabitants, giving it a population density of 70 people per sq. kilometer (180 people per sq. mile).
Hince
Hince is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Hince (1882–1945), Australian rules footballer

Jamie Hince (born 1968), English guitarist, singer, and songwriter

Julienne Hince, Australian High Commissioner to Malta, appointed in 2016

Paul Hince (1945–2023), English footballer

Julienne Hince
Julienne Hince was the Australian High Commissioner to Malta (2016–2020), replacing Jane Lambert.  She is also accredited as non-resident Ambassador to Tunisia.

She has a Graduate Diploma in Foreign Affairs from the Australian National University and a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Melbourne.
Kalaburagi district
Kalaburagi district, formerly known as Gulbarga district, is one of the 31 districts of Karnataka state in southern India. Kalaburagi city is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is the headquarters of Kalaburagi division.

This district is situated in north Karnataka between 76°.04' and 77°.42 east longitude, and 17°.12' and 17°.46' north latitude, covering an area of 10,951 km2. This district is bounded on the west by Bijapur district and Solapur district of Maharashtra state, on the north by Bidar district and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra state, on the south by Yadgir district, and on the east by Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts of Telangana state.

Vikarabad district
Vikarabad district, formerly known as Gangawaram, is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Vikarabad is the headquarters of the district. Vikarabad is located in western part of telangana state.Vikarabad shares boundaries with Sangareddy,Mahabubnagar, Narayanpet, and Ranga Reddy districts and the state boundary of Karnataka.
1982 Zairean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Zaire on 18 and 19 September 1982. The Popular Movement of the Revolution was the only legal party at the time, and all candidates who stood for election to the Legislative Council had to be members of it. In total, 1,409 candidates ran for the 310 seats (increased from 252 due to population growth) in 154 constituencies.

Legislative Council (Zaire)
The National Legislative Council of Zaire (French: Conseil National Legislatif) was the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Zaire. Succeeding the National Assembly under the provisions of the 1974 constitution, the Legislative Council operated as one of the five organs of the national government. It was abolished in 1992 after a national conference established the High Council of the Republic.
Collonges station
Collonges station (French: Gare de Collonges) is a railway station in the commune of Collonges-lès-Premières, in the French department of Côte-d'Or, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is an intermediate stop on the Dijon–Vallorbe line of SNCF. The high-speed LGV Rhin-Rhône to Besançon diverges east of the station.

LGV Rhin-Rhône
The LGV Rhin-Rhône (French: Ligne à Grande Vitesse; English: high-speed line) is a French high-speed rail line, the first in France to be presented as an inter-regional route rather than a link from the provinces to Paris, though it actually is used by some trains to/from Paris.

The completed section, referred to as the first phase of the eastern branch,  is 140 km (87 mi) long, running from Villers-les-Pots, Côte-d'Or (east of Dijon) to Petit-Croix, Territoire de Belfort (east of Belfort). This section opened for service on 11 December 2011.
Tiara Andini
Tiara Anugrah Eka Setyo Andini (born 23 September 2001) is an Indonesian singer and actress. She was the runner-up of the tenth season of Indonesian Idol, which was broadcast by RCTI in 2019 - 2020. In Idol, she was known as the girl who received a titanium ticket from one of the judges. She is the only titanium ticket recipient to ever make it through to the final round in the history of Indonesian Idol. She was awarded Best Newcomer from the 23rd Anugerah Musik Indonesia Awards, and Best New Asian Artist Indonesia from the 2020 Mnet Asian Music Awards. She also won the SCTV Music Awards for two consecutive years as Most Popular Female Singer in 2022 and 2023. She was nominated for the 2023 MTV Europe Music Awards as Best Asia act and 2024 Kids' Choice Awards as Favorite Asian Act.

2020 Mnet Asian Music Awards
The 2020 Mnet Asian Music Awards ceremony, organized by CJ E&M through its music channel Mnet, took place live on December 6 at the CJ ENM Contents World in Paju, South Korea with the theme, "New-Topia". The ceremony was the 22nd in the show's history but was held with no on-site audience due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vehicle registration plates of California
The U.S. state of California first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1905. Registrants provided their own license plates for display until 1914, when the state began to issue plates. Plates are currently issued by the California Department of Motor Vehicles.

Front and rear plates are required on most types of vehicle in California, including all passenger vehicles. On motorcycles and some other non-passenger types, only rear plates are required. On all vehicle types, registration validation stickers are also required, to be displayed on the rear plate, except that truck tractors and commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weight of 10,001 pounds or more shall display them on the front plate.

Since 1947, California license plates have been manufactured by inmates at Folsom State Prison.

The current serial format of the license plate, 1ABC123, has been in use since 1980. After this format is exhausted, California plans to adopt a mirrored format: 123ABC1.

Vehicle registration plate
A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British, Indian, Pakistani English and Australian English), license plate (American English) or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. All countries require registration plates for commercial road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles, for hire. Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle or vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register. In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique within a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also varies by issuing agency. There are also electronic license plates.
Connecticut's 11th House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 11th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of the towns of East Hartford, Manchester, and South Windsor. It has been represented by Democrat Patrick Biggins since 2025.

East Hartford, Connecticut
East Hartford is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 51,045 at the 2020 census. The town is located on the east bank of the Connecticut River, directly across from Hartford. It is home to aerospace manufacturer Pratt & Whitney. It is also home to Pratt & Whitney Stadium at Rentschler Field, a stadium used mainly for soccer and football with a capacity of 40,000 people.
1982 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1982 Gent–Wevelgem was the 44th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 7 April 1982. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Frank Hoste of the TI–Raleigh team.

Wevelgem
Wevelgem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋeːvəlɣɛm]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Gullegem, Moorsele and Wevelgem proper. On January 1, 2006, Wevelgem had a total population of 31,020. The total area is 38.76 km2 which gives a population density of 800 inhabitants per km2.

Wevelgem is accessible by road (E403 – A19 – R8), by boat (De Leie), by air (Kortrijk-Wevelgem International Airport) or by train at Wevelgem railway station.

Wevelgem is known for the annual Gent–Wevelgem bicycle road race which finishes in the town.
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metre individual medley
The women's 400 metre individual medley event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece on August 14.

World record holder Yana Klochkova of Ukraine successfully defended her Olympic title in this event, outside the record time of 4:34.83. U.S. swimmer Kaitlin Sandeno, who finished behind Klochkova by 0.12 of a second, earned a silver medal, in an American record time of 4:34.95. Georgina Bardach, on the other hand, won Argentina's first Olympic bronze medal in swimming, breaking a South American record of 4:37.51. South Korea's Nam Yoo-sun and Greece's Vasiliki Angelopoulou became the first female swimmers for their respective nation to reach an Olympic final, finishing outside the medals in seventh and eighth place, respectively. Romania's Beatrice Câșlaru, who won a bronze medal in Sydney, finished only in fourteenth place on the morning's preliminary heats.

Athens Olympic Sports Complex
The Olympic Athletic Center of Athens Spiros Louis (Greek: Ολυμπιακό Αθλητικό Κέντρο Αθηνών "Σπύρος Λούης", Olympiakó Athlitikó Kéntro Athinón "Spýros Loúis") or OACA (OAKA)), is a sports complex located in Marousi, Athens. The complex consists of five major venues as well as other supplementary sport facilities.
38°02′19″N 23°47′09″E﻿ / ﻿38.038611111111°N 23.785833333333°E﻿ / 38.038611111111; 23.785833333333

The complex has hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1991, the World Championship in Athletics in 1997 as well as other important athletic and cultural events. Most notably, the complex was the main venue for the 2004 Summer Olympics. The complex was revamped for the games under a design produced by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava.
Computer Misuse Act 1990
The Computer Misuse Act 1990 (c. 18) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, introduced partly in response to the decision in R v Gold & Schifreen (1988) 1 AC 1063. Critics of the bill complained that it was introduced hastily, was poorly thought out, and that intention was often difficult to prove, with the bill inadequately differentiating "joyriding" hackers like Gold and Schifreen from serious computer criminals. The Act has nonetheless become a model from which several other countries, including Canada and the Republic of Ireland, have drawn inspiration when subsequently drafting their own information security laws, as it is seen "as a robust and flexible piece of legislation in terms of dealing with cybercrime". Several amendments have been passed to keep the Act up to date.

Intention (criminal law)
In criminal law, intent is a subjective state of mind (mens rea) that must accompany the acts of certain crimes to constitute a violation. A more formal, generally synonymous legal term is scienter: intent or knowledge of wrongdoing.
Érd minaret
The Érd minaret (Hungarian: Érdi minaret) is an Ottoman era minaret tower situated in Érd near capital Budapest in Hungary. It is one of only three Ottoman era minarets still surviving in Hungary. The other two are the Eger minaret and the minaret of Yakovalı Hasan Paşa Mosque in Pécs.

The minaret is 23 metres (75 feet) tall and constructed with limestone. It was built in the 17th century as part of a mosque by Ottoman Muslims and use for the Muslim call to prayer (Adhan). The minaret is a registered monument of Hungary with identification 7014 and reference number 7012.

The minaret stands alone in Érd-Ófalu, near the dam of the Danube, next to a trace of an ancient Roman military road. This road is still called Mecset Street, which means "Mosque Street", a subtle reference to the mosque that one stood there.

Mihrab
Mihrab (Arabic: محراب, miḥrāb, pl. محاريب maḥārīb) is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca towards which Muslims should face when praying. The wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the "qibla wall".

The minbar, which is the raised platform from which an imam (leader of prayer) addresses the congregation, is located to the right of the mihrab.
Leading strings
Leading strings are pieces of fabric to support a child learning to walk.  In 17th and 18th century Europe, they were narrow fabric straps attached to children's clothing that prevented a child from straying too far or falling as they learned to walk.

Leading strings served two functions: reducing bumps and bruises in children who are beginning to walk, and restraining those who might injure themselves while exploring. Leading strings have been widely replaced by baby walkers and playpens, or similarly by a child harness.

Playpen
A playpen is a piece of furniture used to contain an infant or young toddler in specific area to prevent the child from getting into harm when her/his parent or guardian is occupied or away while keeping the child occupied with the toys which can be placed inside. The earliest use of the word "playpen" was cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is 1902.
2011 Bonnaroo Music Festival
The 2011 Bonnaroo Music Festival was held June 9–12, in Manchester, Tennessee and marked the 10th time the festival has been held since its inception in 2002. This year also marked the first return of the SuperJam since 2008.

Rotary Downs
Rotary Downs is an indie rock band from New Orleans, Louisiana. The band is made up of vocalist and guitarist James Marler, guitarist Chris Colombo, guitarist Alex Smith, bassist Jason Rhein, and drummer Zack Smith.
Pinoline
Pinoline is a β-carboline and methoxylated tryptoline (5-methoxytryptoline) long claimed to be produced in the pineal gland during the metabolism of melatonin, however its pineal occurrence remains controversial. Its IUPAC name is 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline, usually abbreviated as 6-MeO-THBC, and its more common name is a contraction of "pineal β-carboline". The biological activity of this molecule is of interest as a potential free radical scavenger, also known as an antioxidant, and as a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor.

Bausch & Lomb filed a patent for a drug delivery device utilizing this molecule, designed to treat various ophthalmic disorders in 2006.

Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH3.

On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position. At the ortho position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the para position.
Nasrollah Kasraian
Nasrollah Kasraian (born 1944 in Khorramabad, Iran; Persian: نصرالله کسرائیان) is an internationally renowned Iranian photographer and has been called the "father of Iranian ethno-photography" and the "father of Iranian photography". He and his wife, anthropologist Ziba Arshi, have documented the lives of various populations living within the borders of Iran, while publishing more than 50 books and various other media. Kasraian's work on the Turkmens of Iran has been adapted for the screen by Babak Karimi. His work has initiated new branches of research, such as anthropological studies of Kurdistan. His work not only influenced a generation of Iranian photographers, but also had a significant impact on photographers outside of Iran and on contemporary documentary photography internationally.

Babak Karimi
Babak Karimi (Persian: بابک کریمی; born 1960) is a Czech-Iranian actor and film editor. For his role in A Separation, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival in 2011.
DYVS
DYVS (1233 AM) is a radio station owned and operated by the Far East Broadcasting Company. Its studio is located at the Ground Floor, Smile Bldg., #79 San Sebastian St. cor. Verbena St., Bacolod, and its transmitter are located at Brgy. Taloc, Bago, Negros Occidental.

Bago, Negros Occidental
Bago, officially the City of Bago (Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa/Syudad sang Bago; Filipino: Lungsod ng Bago), is a  component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 192,993 people.

It is also tagged as the “Home of Historical and Natural Treasures”, owing to its contribution to the history of the province of Negros Occidental and country, and its scenery and flora and fauna making it an eco-tourism destination. It is also known as the “Boxing Capital of the Philippines” title, owing to the great names it produced in boxing. It is also home to the only three known populations of the endangered Irrawaddy dolphin in the entire Philippines. The other two populations are in Guimaras and Palawan. All of which are designated as critically endangered populations.