hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parris Island Range Lights
The Parris Island Range Lights were range lights on the southern end of Parris Island in Beaufort County, South Carolina. The Parris Range Lights were first lit in 1881. They were deactivated in 1912. Only the lens house for the Rear Light remains, which is the oldest building at Parris Island.

Parris Island is on Port Royal Sound south of main portion of the city of Port Royal. It is best known as the home of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island. The range lights on the Recruit Depot south of the airfield.

Leading lights
Leading lights, also known as range lights in the United States, are a pair of light beacons used in navigation to indicate a safe passage for vessels entering a shallow or dangerous channel; they may also be used for position fixing. At night, the lights are a form of leading line that can be used for safe navigation. The beacons consist of two lights that are separated in distance and elevation, so that when they are aligned, with one above the other, they provide a bearing. Range lights are often illuminated day and night.

In some cases the two beacons are unlighted, in which case they are known as a range in the United States or a transit in the UK. The beacons may be artificial or natural.
Vladilen Minin
Vladilen Fyodorovich Minin (Russian: Влади́лен Фёдорович Ми́нин; born 27 May 1932, Rudinka, Ryazan Oblast) is a Soviet and Russian physicist, Doctor of Technical Sciences, a professor, a member of the Academy of Technological Sciences of the Russian Federation. He was the founder, general director and chief designer of the Institute of Applied Physics (1966-1996), the founder and president of the Urals-Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Technological Sciences. He developed air- and navy- launched missiles, custom control and safety systems and computer equipment.

Doctor of Sciences
A Doctor of Sciences is a higher doctoral degree that was awarded in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and many Commonwealth of Independent States countries. It is currently awarded in some post-soviet nations, particularly Russia and Belarus. One of the prerequisites for receiving a Doctor of Sciences degree is obtaining a PhD-equivalent Candidate of Sciences degree. In addition, the Doctor of Sciences conferral also requires applicants to demonstrate significant and outstanding contributions to their research field. This degree is generally regarded as recognition for a lifetime of academic achievements rather than an ordinary academic degree achieved through courses and theses.
Relative transmission level
In telecommunications, relative transmission level is the ratio of the signal power, at a given point in a transmission system, to a reference signal power.

The ratio is usually determined by applying a standard test tone at zero transmission level point (or applying adjusted test tone power at any other point) and measuring the gain or loss to the location of interest. A distinction should be made between the standard test tone power and the expected median power of the actual signal required as the basis for the design of transmission systems.

This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. (in support of MIL-STD-188).

Power (physics)
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt (symbol W), equal to one joule per second (J/s). Power is a scalar quantity.

The output power of a motor is the product of the torque that the motor generates and the angular velocity of its output shaft.  Likewise, the power dissipated in an electrical element of a circuit is the product of the current flowing through the element and of the voltage across the element.
2023 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem
The 2023 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem was a professional women's tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 category of the 2023 WTA Tour. It took place in Rabat, Morocco, between 21 and 27 May 2023.

WTA 250 tournaments
WTA 250 is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021. Earlier these events were classified as WTA International Tournaments.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 250. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("Major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 500 for winning a WTA 500 tournament.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 250 tournaments' prize money was approximately $250,000. As of 2025 season, this has risen to $275,094. All tournaments have a 32 player main draw for singles and a 16 team main draw for doubles.
November 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 27 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 29

All fixed commemorations below are observed on December 11 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 28, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 15.

Rostov Veliky
Rostov Veliky  (Russian: Ростов Великий, IPA: [rɐˈstof vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj], Rostov the Great) is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, 202 kilometers (126 mi) northeast of Moscow. Population: 30,406 (2021 census); 31,792 (2010 census); 34,141 (2002 census); 35,707 (1989 Soviet census).

The name of the town was officially changed to Rostov Veliky on 8 January 2025. The name of the town railway station is Rostov Yaroslavsky, due to its location in Yaroslavl Oblast.
Shenandoah District (VHSL)
The Shenandoah District is a sports conference of the Virginia High School League which draws its members from the central part of the Shenandoah Valley, specifically clustered around Staunton and Waynesboro. The schools in the Shenandoah District compete in Region 1B with the schools of the Bull Run District, the Dogwood District, the James River District, the Tidewater District, and the Tri-Rivers District.

Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley (/ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River, to the south by the James River, and to the Southwest by the New River Valley. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the Valley plus the Virginia Highlands to the west and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley Province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.
Evansville, Mississippi
Evansville is an unincorporated community in Tunica County, Mississippi, United States. Evansville is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Tunica and approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) west of White Oak.

It is named for Clayton Evans, an early settler.

The Evansville Mounds are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Tunica, Mississippi
Tunica is a town in and the county seat of Tunica County, Mississippi, United States, near the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, Tunica had a population of 1,026. Until the early 1990s when casino gambling was introduced in the area, Tunica had been one of the most impoverished places in the United States. Despite this economic improvement, Tunica's population continues to decline from its peak in 1970.
Linping Road station
Linping Road (simplified Chinese: 临平路; traditional Chinese: 臨平路; pinyin: Línpíng Lù) is a station on Shanghai Metro Line 4. Service began at this station on 31 December 2005.

The station has 3 tracks, one island platform, and one side platform. The inner island platform is not in service. Trains heading clockwise use the outer island platform, whilst trains heading anticlockwise use the side platform. This station is the only station on Line 4 to have 3 platforms.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Butthan
Butthan (ব্যুত্থান, bʊθɑːn, meaning "Defense with distinction and awakening") is a Bangladeshi martial art and combat sport. It is a system of self-defense and personal development rooted in South Asian heritage. Butthan has been developed by Mak Yuree, an internationally acclaimed Grandmaster and known as Superhuman as dubbed by the Discovery Channel. It has been described as the ‘noble art of stopping-fight and enlightenment that produces physical, mental and spiritual balance’. Butthan was approved as a national sport of Bangladesh by the National Sports Council, Ministry of Youth and Sports in Bangladesh in 2013. As a combat sport, the martial art is practiced in different parts of the world under the International Butthan Federation.

Grandmaster (martial arts)
Grandmaster and Master are titles used to describe or address some senior or experienced martial artists. Typically these titles are honorary in nature, meaning that they do not confer rank, but rather distinguish the individual as very highly revered in their school, system, or style.
HMS Assurance (1747)
HMS Assurance was a 44-gun fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy, launched in 1747. She was wrecked off The Needles near the Isle of Wight, England in 1753, and remained stuck on the rock long enough for her crew and passengers to escape.

The shipwreck site identified at the Needles contains the remains of two wrecks, thought to be the Assurance and Pomone. It was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 4 April 1974 and is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England. The designation lists the date of sinking as 1738, although research by the John Bingeman (licensee from 1978) from the court martial accounts indicates that the wreck occurred in 1753.

The wreck site was identified by an Isle of Wight resident, Derek Williams, who became the first licensee. It includes cannons and other metallic items from the ship.

Shipwreck
A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of shipwrecking, which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately three million shipwrecks worldwide as of January 1999, according to Angela Croome, a science writer and author who specialized in the history of underwater archaeology  (an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations).
When a ship's crew has died or abandoned the ship, and the ship has remained adrift but unsunk, they are instead referred to as ghost ships.
Florida Yacht Club
The Florida Yacht Club is a private country and yacht club in Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. It is the oldest social club in Jacksonville, and is the fourth oldest surviving yacht club in the U.S. It was founded in downtown Jacksonville in 1876
, and moved to its present location in the Ortega neighborhood in 1928.

Country club
A country club is a privately owned club, often with a membership quota and admittance by invitation or sponsorship, that generally offers both a variety of recreational sports and facilities for dining and entertaining.  Typical athletic offerings are golf, tennis, and swimming. Where golf is the principal or sole sporting activity, and especially outside of the United States and Canada, it is common for a country club to be referred to simply as a golf club. Many country clubs offer other new activities such as pickleball, and platform tennis.

Country clubs are most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, because of the need for substantial grounds for outdoor activities.  This factor distinguishes them from an urban athletic club.

Country clubs originated in Scotland and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s. Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding suburbanization and are considered to be the precursor to gated community development.
GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Podcast
The GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Podcast is an annual award that honors audio podcasts for excellence in the depiction of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) news and commentary. It is one of several categories of the annual GLAAD Media Awards, which are presented by GLAAD—an American non-governmental media monitoring organization founded in 1985—at ceremonies in New York City and Los Angeles between March and May.

The award was first given in 2023 in a tie to the podcasts Sibling Rivalry and TransLash Podcast with Imara Jones.

LGBTQ themes in video games
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) characters have been depicted in video games since the 1980s. GLAAD estimates games with LGBTQ characters or storylines account for less than 2% of all games, this could be seen as an example of heteronormativity, as when sexuality is used in game content, games generally rely on heterosexual narratives. While the frequency of LGBTQ content in video games has increased over time it has faced accusations of tokenism. In 2018, Sam Greer of GamesRadar+ found only 179 games commercially released games with any LGBTQ representation, only 83 of which have queer characters who are playable characters, and only 8 of those games feature a main character who is pre-written as queer as opposed to them being queer as an option. LGBTQ games and characters were one the targets of the Gamergate harassment campaign.
Erythroxylum ellipticum
Erythroxylum ellipticum is a Northern Australian species of Erythroxylum. It grows as a shrub or tree.

It is locally known as kerosene wood or turpentine tree - because its green branches and twigs burn readily.

The shrub or tree typically grows to a height of 1 to 5 m (3 ft 3 in to 16 ft 5 in) and produces white-green flowers around November.

It is found on rocky hillsides and in creek beds growing in sandstone based soils in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and extending across the top end of the Northern Territory and on parts of Cape York Peninsula in Queensland.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
Sámuel Teleki (explorer)
Count Sámuel Teleki de Szék (1 November 1845 – 10 March 1916) was a Hungarian noble and explorer who led the first expedition to Northern Kenya. He was the first European to see Lake Turkana and to explore above the snow line of the peaks of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya. Several geographical features in East Africa are named after him including Teleki's Volcano at the southern end of Turkana, and Teleki's valley on Mount Kenya. A number of plant and animal specimens were collected on his expedition and many new species were named in his honour.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Edwin D. Nash
Edwin D. Nash (c. 1836 – April 27, 1907) was a Union army officer during the American Civil War, and an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891.

Battle of Nashville
The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign that represented the end of large-scale fighting west of the coastal states in the American Civil War. It was fought at Nashville, Tennessee, on December 15–16, 1864, between the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Lieutenant General John Bell Hood and the Union Army of the Cumberland (Dept. of the Cumberland) (AoC) under Major General George H. Thomas. In one of the largest victories achieved by the Union army during the war, Thomas attacked and routed Hood's army, largely destroying it as an effective fighting force.
Nail bomb
A nail bomb is an anti-personnel improvised explosive device containing nails to increase its effectiveness at harming victims. The nails act as shrapnel, leading almost certainly to more injury in inhabited areas than the explosives alone would. A nail bomb is also a type of flechette weapon. Such weapons use bits of shrapnel (steel balls, nail heads, screws, needles, broken razors, darts and other small metal objects) to create a larger radius of destruction.

Nail bombs are often used by terrorists, including suicide bombers, since they cause larger numbers of casualties when detonated in crowded places. Nail bombs can be detected by electromagnetic sensors and standard metal detectors.

Razor
A razor is a bladed tool primarily used in the removal of body hair through the act of shaving. Kinds of razors include straight razors, safety razors, disposable razors, and electric shavers.

While the razor has been in existence since before the Bronze Age (the oldest razor-like object has been dated to 18,000 BC), the most common types of razors currently used are the safety razor and the electric razor.
Edge TV
Edge TV was a Canadian category 2 digital cable specialty channel dedicated to rock and  alternative music owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel was inspired by Corus' own Toronto, Ontario radio station, 102.1 The Edge.

Edge TV featured music videos, interviews, and more related to its music genre. Edge TV was licensed by the CRTC on December 14, 2000. The channel launched on September 7, 2001 and was discontinued on July 15, 2003. Corus Entertainment cited challenges of obtaining sufficient cable and satellite carriage for the channel for reasons to discontinue the service. On the same day of the announcement, Corus announced that it would partner its two rock and alternative radio stations, 102.1 The Edge and Vancouver's 99.3 The Fox, with CHUM Limited's similar music video service MuchLOUD.

Discretionary service
A discretionary service is a Canadian specialty channel which, as defined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, may be carried optionally by all subscription television providers. It replaces the previous category A, category B, category C (instead split into the categories of "mainstream sports" and "national news"), and premium classifications.

Discretionary services may air programming from any of the CRTC's defined categories, although no more than 10% of programming per month may be devoted to live professional sports. Discretionary services may be authorized to offer multiplex channels.
Ana María Ramírez
Ana María Ramírez (born 28 August 1948) is a Peruvian former volleyball player. Ramírez competed with the Peruvian women's national volleyball team at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, where she finished in fourth place. She won silver medals with the national team at the 1967 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, the 1971 Pan American Games in Cali, and the 1975 Pan American Games in Mexico City.

1971 Pan American Games
The 1971 Pan American Games, officially known as the VI Pan American Games (Spanish: VI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Cali 1971, were held in Cali, Colombia, from 30 July to 13 August 1971. (One source dates the Games from July 25 to August 8.) A total of 2,935 athletes from 32 countries participated in 17 sports. (One source put the number of competing athletes at 4,000.)
Will Hackney
Will Hackney is an American musician and co-founder of Trekky Records.  He has contributed to many North Carolina indie rock and folk bands, including Wye Oak, Lost in the Trees, Bowerbirds, Mount Moriah, and Loamlands. Hackney is a multi-instrumentalist, known for playing bass, mandolin, guitar, organ, cornet and many other instruments for his various projects. He co-founded Trekky Records in 2001 with Martin Anderson, later releasing records by artists including Sylvan Esso, Phil Cook, and Lost in the Trees.

Sylvan Esso
Sylvan Esso is an American electropop duo from Durham, North Carolina which was formed in 2013. The band consists of singer Amelia Meath (born July 2, 1988) and producer Nick Sanborn (born March 8, 1983). They made their debut with the single "Hey Mami" and released their eponymous debut album on Partisan Records on May 12, 2014. It reached No. 39 on the Billboard 200. They released their second album, What Now, with Loma Vista Recordings on April 28, 2017, which was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronic Album.

On August 12, 2022, Sylvan Esso released their fourth studio album, No Rules Sandy, to positive reviews on their Psychic Hotline label.
Daniel Dziwniel
Daniel Dziwniel (born 19 August 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a left-back for II liga club Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała. Born in Germany, he represented Poland at under-21 international level and holds dual Polish-German citizenship.

Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała
TS Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała (Polish pronunciation: [pɔdbɛˈskʲid͡ʑɛ ˈbjɛlskɔ ˈbjawa]) is a football club based in Bielsko-Biała, Poland. They currently compete in the II liga, after being relegated from the 2023–24 I liga.
Kjell Aartun
Kjell Aartun (6 July 1925 – 28 May 2023) was a Norwegian theologian and linguist. He was considered a leading expert on Semitic languages, particularly the Ugaritic language. He was also known for several controversial theories on runic interpretation and the origin of Minoan civilization. Aartun received a government scholarship (statsstipendiat) in 1983 and received HM The King's Medal of Merit in Gold for his scientific work in 2001. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1986.

Kevelaer
Kevelaer (German pronunciation: [ˈkeːvəlaːɐ̯] ⓘ; Low Rhenish: Käwela) is a town in the district of Kleve, in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It is the largest Catholic pilgrimage location within north-western Europe. Over one million Marian devotees, mostly from Germany and the Netherlands, visit the Basilica of Kevelaer every year to honour the Blessed Virgin Mary. The population in 2019 was 28,021.