hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maximum pressure campaign
Maximum pressure campaign refers to the intensified sanctions against Iran by the Trump administration after the United States exited the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2018. The campaign was aimed at pressuring Iran to renegotiate the JCPOA, adding more restrictions on Iran's nuclear program and expanding the scope of the agreement to cover Iran's ballistic missiles as well as other regional activities. This strategy was faced by Iran's counter pressure policy to thwart the U.S. maximum pressure campaign.

According to Human Rights Watch, the current economic sanctions are causing “unnecessary suffering to Iranian citizens afflicted with a range of diseases and medical conditions," despite exemptions for the humanitarian goods.

In February 2025, amidst the Iranian energy and economic crises, Trump signed a national security directive to restore the maximum pressure policy against the Iranian regime.

National security directive
National security directives are presidential directives issued for the National Security Council (NSC). Starting with Harry Truman, every president since the founding of the National Security Council in 1947 has issued national security directives in one form or another, which have involved foreign, military and domestic policies. National security directives are generally highly classified and are available to the public only after "a great many years" have elapsed. Unlike executive orders, national security directives are usually directed only to the National Security Council and the most senior executive branch officials, and embody foreign and military policy-making guidance rather than specific instructions.
Sehol E10X
The Sehol E10X is a battery electric city car produced by Sehol of JAC Motors based on the same platform as the JAC iEV6E from 2016 which also shared the same platform as the JAC Yueyue and Refine S2 Mini.

On June 1, 2024, the 200,000th E10X was produced.

A-segment
The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.

A-segment sales represented approximately 4.2% of the European market in 2024. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
WKBS-TV
WKBS-TV (channel 47) is a religious television station in Altoona, Pennsylvania, United States, owned and operated by Cornerstone Television. The station's transmitter is located in Logan Township.

WKBS-TV operates as a full-time satellite of Cornerstone's flagship station, Greensburg-licensed WPCB-TV (channel 40), whose studios are located in Wall, Pennsylvania. WKBS-TV covers areas of West-Central Pennsylvania that receive a marginal to non-existent over-the-air signal from WPCB-TV, although there is significant overlap between the two stations' contours otherwise. WKBS-TV is a straight simulcast of WPCB-TV; on-air references to WKBS-TV are limited to Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-mandated hourly station identifications during programming. Besides the transmitter, WKBS-TV does not maintain any physical presence in Altoona, and unlike its parent station, it does not broadcast in high definition and has a different subchannel lineup.

Broadcast range
A broadcast range (also listening range or listening area for radio, or viewing range or viewing area for television) is the service area that a broadcast station or other transmission covers via radio waves (or possibly infrared light, which is closely related).  It is generally the area in which a station's signal strength is sufficient for most receivers to decode it. However, this also depends on interference from other stations.
Ohio River Basin Congressional Caucus
The Ohio River Basin Congressional Caucus, also known as the Congressional Ohio River Basin Caucus and the Ohio River Basin Caucus, is a Congressional Member Organization dedicated to addressing the critical economic, infrastructure, agricultural, environmental, and community issues within the Ohio River Basin.

Shelley Moore Capito
Shelley Wellons Moore Capito (/ˈkæpɪtoʊ/ KAP-ih-toh; born November 26, 1953) is an American politician serving as the senior United States senator from West Virginia. A member of the Republican Party, Capito served from 2001 to 2015 as the U.S. representative from West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. She is the daughter of three-term West Virginia governor and six-term U.S. representative Arch Alfred Moore Jr.

Capito was first elected to the Senate in 2014, becoming the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate from West Virginia and the first West Virginia Republican to win a full term in the Senate since 1942. She was reelected in 2020.

Capito has chaired the Environment and Public Works Committee since 2025, and is the dean of West Virginia's congressional delegation.
Champa–Đại Việt War (1471)
The Cham–Đại Việt War of 1471 or  Vietnamese invasion of Champa was a military expedition launched by Emperor Lê Thánh Tông of Đại Việt under the Lê dynasty and is widely regarded as the event that marked the downfall of Champa. In retaliation for Cham raids, Vietnamese forces attacked and sacked the kingdom's largest city-state, Vijaya, and defeated the Cham army, bringing the kingdom of Champa to an end. After this war, the border between Đại Việt and Champa was moved from Hải Vân Pass to Cù Mông Pass from 1471 till 1611 when Nguyễn lords launched another invasion into  Phú Yên in the south and annexed it in 1611.

Cù Mông Pass
Cù Mông Pass (Đèo Cù Mông) is a mountain pass between Bình Định and Phú Yên provinces in Vietnam. It is on the 1A National Highway. In the 1470s, the pass marked the southern limit of the Lê dynasty extension of Vietnamese rule.
Artship
Artship (formerly MS Unterelbe) is a 1939 German motor coaster (Küstenmotorschiff). It is one of the oldest operational vessels of its type in Northern Europe, and the last surviving operable German coastal motor ship built before the Second World War. The ship was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine as a munitions transport during World War II before spending eighty years in commercial cargo service and joining the Finnish Heritage Ship Register.

In 2024, the ship crossed the North Sea to London under its own power. In 2025 it underwent repairs in Chatham, Kent to operate as a floating arts centre alongside Theatreship in Canary Wharf's West India Docks.

Coastal trading vessel
Coastal trading vessels, also known as coasters or skoots, are shallow-hulled merchant ships used for transporting cargo along a coastline. Their shallow hulls mean that they can get through reefs where deeper-hulled seagoing ships usually cannot (26-28 feet), but as a result they are not optimized for the large waves found on the open ocean. Coasters can load and unload cargo in shallow ports.

For European inland waterways they are limited in size by the navigable dimensions of those waterways. E.g. ships on the French waterways are limited to the Freycinet gauge of 38.5m length, 5.05m breadth, and 2.5m  draft.
Universitas lingvarum Litvaniae
Universitas lingvarum Litvaniæ (Lithuanian: Lietuvos kalbų visuma; English: The Entirety of the Lithuanian Language) is the oldest surviving grammar of the Lithuanian language published in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was written in Latin and was published in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius by the Vilnius University Press in 1737. Its author is unknown, however the grammar used by the author shows that he may have originated from the districts of Dotnuva, Kėdainiai, Surviliškis, Šėta. It was written independently as there is no influence of the grammar of the Lithuanian language of Lithuania Minor.

Dotnuva
Dotnuva is a small town with a 2003 population of 775 in central Lithuania, 10 km northwest of Kėdainiai, in the Kėdainiai district municipality. It is located on the Dotnuvėlė River. The geographical center of Lithuania, in the village of Ruoščiai, is only a few kilometres away. There is a Catholic church, a former Bernardine monastery, a former sawmill and a watermill in Dotnuva. The Dotnuva manor is in the nearby town of Akademija.

Dotnuva is an important centre of agriculture.
A. Senapathi Gounder
A. Senapathi Gounder (9 September 1916 – 25 February 1992) was an Indian politician, former Member of Parliament and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Madras.

He was elected to the Lok Sabha for four consecutive terms from Palani Lok Sabha constituency as the Indian National Congress candidate in 1980, 1984, 1989 and 1991 general elections, his last term ending with his death. He was also elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly from Dharapuram constituency in 1952 and 1957, and from Oddanchatram constituency in 1962, and from Kangayam constituency in 1967.

Palani Lok Sabha constituency
10°27′N 77°31′E﻿ / ﻿10.45°N 77.52°E﻿ / 10.45; 77.52

Palani was a Lok Sabha constituency in Tamil Nadu. In 2009, after delimitation and redistricting exercise of 2008, Palani constituency was  abolished and has become a part of Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency and Karur Lok Sabha constituency.
Elliðaár
The rivers Elliðaár (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛtlɪːðaˌauːr̥], "Elliði's rivers") are situated in the Reykjavík area in the south-west of Iceland. Two small rivers have their source in the volcanic mountain range of Bláfjöll and stream down to Elliðavatn lake at the eastern suburban border of the city, its outlet forming the river. On their way, they pass through the nature reserve area of Heiðmörk.

On its way to the sea, which is reached in the Elliðavogur bay in Reykjavík, not far from the open-air folk museum of Árbæjarsafn in Árbær, the river cascades over several small waterfalls, within the boundary of the city.

The river is an excellent place to fish salmon.

Elliðavatn
Elliðavatn (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛtlɪːðaˌvahtn̥] ⓘ, "Elliði's lake") is a lake in Iceland. It is situated in the area of Reykjavík.

Not far from it, there is the well known natural park Heiðmörk with its hiking and biking trails, small forests and lava formations.

The eastern shores of Elliðavatn are part of Heiðmörk nature reserve, protected by the state.

Coming on the hringvegur (Route 1) over the Hellisheiði in the direction of the capital city, travelers pass by the lake.
Ermita de Nuestra Señora de la Estrella, Toledo
The Ermita de Nuestra Señora de la Estrella is a Baroque hermitage in the city of Toledo (Castile-La Mancha, Spain) was founded by the co-fraternity of hortelanos, which had its headquarters in the neighboring church of Santiago del Arrabal.

Its construction was completed in the 14th century, according to traces of Juan Bautista Monegro, at that time main master of the cathedral.

It has paintings and altars with Solomonic columns from the 18th Century.

Hermitage (religious retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people live religiously, in seclusion.  Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place.  Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages".

In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy.  The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain, that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid.
2024 MBC Drama Awards
The 2024 MBC Drama Awards (Korean: 2024 MBC 연기대상; Hanja: 2024 MBC 演技大賞; RR: 2024 MBC Yeon-gi Daesang), presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) took place at MBC Media Center Public Hall in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul on December 30, 2024. Kim Sung-joo hosted the award ceremony sixth year in succession, along with Chae Soo-bin, in her first hosting assignment since her debut. The award ceremony which was scheduled to broadcast live on MBC, Naver Now and YouTube along with the red carpet photo session was cancelled, due to the Jeju Air Flight 2216 accident.

The '2024 MBC Drama Awards' was broadcast on the January 5, 2025 as recorded version, rescheduled due to seven days national mourning for Jeju Air Flight 2216 accident victims. Han Suk-kyu was awarded Grand Prize (Daesang) for his performance in Doubt whereas Chief Detective 1958 was awarded as Drama of the Year.

Kim Sung-joo (presenter)
Kim Sung-joo (born October 10, 1972) is a South Korean television host and a former announcer. A former sports broadcaster and presenter, he became known to the wider public as a variety show host and for his stint on the reality-variety show Dad! Where Are We Going?.
Zulkifli Hasan (academic)
Zulkifli bin Hasan (born 3 June 1977) is a Malaysian academic who has served as the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Religious Affairs in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim since December 2025 as well as a Senator since December 2023. He served as the Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Religious Affairs in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar and Minister Mohd Na'im Mokhtar from December 2022 to his promotion in December 2025. He was previously an academician (Professor) of the Syariah programme at the Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) as well as the deputy rector of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).

Minister in the Prime Minister's Department
The Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Malay: Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri; Jawi: منتري دجابتن ڤردان منتري‎) is a member of Cabinet of Malaysia who administers a portfolio through the Prime Minister's Department.
Region of interest
A region of interest (often abbreviated ROI) is a sample within a data set identified for a particular purpose. The concept of a ROI is commonly used in many application areas. Existing as a vicinity, or within one. For example, in medical imaging, the boundaries of a tumor may be defined on an image or in a volume, for the purpose of measuring its size. The endocardial border may be defined on an image, perhaps during different phases of the cardiac cycle, for example, end-systole and end-diastole, for the purpose of assessing cardiac function. In geographical information systems (GIS), a ROI can be taken literally as a polygonal selection from a 2D map. In computer vision and optical character recognition, the ROI defines the borders of an object under consideration. In many applications, symbolic (textual) labels are added to a ROI, to describe its content in a compact manner. Within a ROI may lie individual points of interest (POIs).

Edge detection
Edge detection includes a variety of mathematical methods that aim at identifying edges, defined as curves in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or, more formally, has discontinuities. The same problem of finding discontinuities in one-dimensional signals is known as step detection and the problem of finding signal discontinuities over time is known as change detection. Edge detection is a fundamental tool in image processing, machine vision and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction.
Skittles (confectionery)
Skittles are multicolored fruit-flavored lentil-shaped candies produced and marketed by the Wrigley Company, a division of Mars Inc.

Skittles consist of hard sugar shells imprinted with the letter 'S' in lowercase, similar to M&M's which have the letter 'M'. The interior consists mainly of sugar, corn syrup, and hydrogenated palm kernel oil along with fruit juice, citric acid, and natural and artificial flavors. Skittles are sold in a variety of flavor collections, such as Tropical, Wild Berry, Smoothie, and Sour.

Palm kernel oil
Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm tree Elaeis guineensis. It is related to two other edible oils: palm oil, extracted from the fruit pulp of the oil palm, and coconut oil, extracted from the kernel of the coconut.

Palm kernel oil, palm oil, and coconut oil are three of the few highly saturated vegetable fats; these oils give the name to the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid that they contain.

Palm kernel oil, which is semi-solid at room temperature, is more saturated than palm oil and comparable to coconut oil.
Exoneura melaena
Exoneura melaena, or Exoneura (Brevineura) melaena, is a species of reed bee in the tribe Allodapini. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1918 by British-American entomologist Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell.

Theodore D. A. Cockerell
Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (22 August 1866 – 26 January 1948) was a British and American entomologist and systematic biologist who published nearly 4,000 papers, some of them only a few lines long. Cockerell's speciality was the insect order Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), an area of study where he described specimens from the United States, the West Indies, Honduras, the Philippines, Africa, and Asia. Cockerell named at least 5,500 species and varieties of bees and almost 150 genera and subgenera, representing over a quarter of all species of bees known during his lifetime. In addition to his extensive studies of bees, he published papers on scale insects, slugs, moths, fish scales, fungi, roses and other flowers, mollusks, and a wide variety of other plants and animals.
Condensate polisher
A condensate polisher is a device used to filter water condensed from steam as part of the steam cycle, for example in a conventional or nuclear power plant (powdered resin or deep bed system). It is frequently filled with tiny polymer resin beads which are used to remove or exchange ions so that the purity of the condensate is maintained at or near that of distilled water.

Distilled water
Distilled water is water that has been purified by boiling it into vapor and condensing the vapor back into liquid in a separate container.
Any impurities in the original water, such as non-volatile or mineral components, that do not boil below or near the boiling point of water remain in the original container.
For example, water escaping as steam from a boiler of heating system or steam engine, leaves behind any dissolved materials, which leads to mineral deposits known as boiler scale.

In general, non-purified water can leave behind mineral deposits, or could cause or interfere with chemical reactions.
Distillation is a method for removing impurities from water and other fluids.
Distilled water has not been proven to be healthier for drinking than hard water.
Outa Space
Outa Space is a song by German electronic producer and DJ Mellow Trax. Released in August 1999, the song reached No. 14 in Austria, No. 42 in Switzerland, No. 27 in France, No. 41 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 43 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart in the United States.

Dance Singles Sales
The Dance Singles Sales was a record chart released weekly by Billboard magazine listing each week's best-selling dance singles in the United States. Its previous names include Hot Dance/Disco 12-inch Singles Sales (1985–1987), Hot Dance Music 12-inch Singles Sales (1987–1992), and Hot Dance Music Maxi-Singles Sales (1992–2003). The chart was compiled from a national sample of retail stores, mass merchants, and internet sales reports collected and provided by Nielsen SoundScan. It was launched on the issue dated March 16, 1985, with the first number-one single being "New Attitude"/"Axel F", a split single by Patti LaBelle and Harold Faltermeyer from Beverly Hills Cop soundtrack. The chart became defunct after the issue dated November 30, 2013, with Borgore's "Wild Out" (featuring Waka Flocka Flame and Paige) as its final number-one single.
ColdBox Platform
Free and open-source software portal

ColdBox is a free, open-source, conventions-based, modular web application framework intended for building enterprise applications with ColdFusion (CFML) using a Hierarchical MVC approach.

It is a set of tools and methodologies that can allow a developer to build their web applications in a modern and secure way.  It also provides them with a scaffold on which to base their applications. As a result, they don’t have to reinvent the wheel on most concerns they have to consider when building web applications. The framework gives developers the proper tooling to do their job quickly, securely, modularly, and flexibly.

The source code of ColdBox and its companion libraries are hosted on GitHub and licensed under the terms of the Apache License v2.

Enterprise software
Enterprise software, also known as enterprise application software (EAS), is computer software that has been specially developed or adapted to meet the complex requirements of larger organizations. Enterprise software is an integral part of a computer-based information system, handling a number of business operations, for example to enhance business and management reporting tasks, or support production operations and back office functions. Enterprise systems must process information at a relatively high speed.

Services provided by enterprise software are typically business-oriented tools. As companies and other organizations have similar departments and systems, enterprise software is often available as a suite of customizable programs. Function-specific enterprise software uses include database management, customer relationship management, supply chain management and business process management.
Charles W. LaRue
Charles Wickham LaRue (August 1, 1922 Texas – November 1, 2006 Irvine, California) was an American trombonist and jazz arranger who played with Tommy Dorsey in 1946–47, appearing in The Fabulous Dorseys film. He also played with Tommy Pederson's big band, among others. Later in life, he was one of the founders of Bones West.

He attended the University of North Texas College of Music in the early 1940s where he was a member of the Aces of Collegeland.  He earned his bachelor's degree decades later in 1994 from California State University, Fullerton.

University of North Texas College of Music
The University of North Texas College of Music, based in Denton, is a comprehensive music school among the largest enrollment of any music institution accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music. It developed the first jazz studies program in the nation, and it remains one of the top schools for jazz.  As one of thirteen colleges and schools at the University of North Texas, it has been among the largest music institutions of higher learning in North America since the 1940s.  North Texas has been a member of the National Association of Schools of Music for 87 years. Since the 1970s, approximately one-third of all North Texas music students have been enrolled at the graduate level.  Music at North Texas dates back to the founding of the university in 1890 when Eliza Jane McKissack, its founding director, structured it as a conservatory.