hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election were held in 1967. Out of a total of 1,067 candidates for 287 seats, 276 men and 11 women were elected. The Indian National Congress (INC) won 165 seats, the Swatantra Party (SWA) won 29 seats, and the Independents won 68 seats.

Out of the 287 contested seats, 236 were allocated for general candidates, 11 were reserved for Scheduled Tribes, and 40 were reserved for Scheduled Castes.

Swatantra Party
The Swatantra Party (lit. 'Free Party'  or 'Independent Party') was an Indian classical liberal political party that existed from 1959 to 1974. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the increasingly socialist and statist outlook of the ruling Indian National Congress government under prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

The party had a number of distinguished leaders, most of them old Congress leaders, like C. Rajagopalachari, Minoo Masani, N. G. Ranga, Darshan Singh Pheruman, Udham Singh Nagoke, and K. M. Munshi.

Swatantra stood for a market-based economy and the dismantling of the "Licence Raj" although it opposed laissez-faire policies. Nehru was highly critical of Swatantra and dubbed it as belonging to "the middle ages of lords, castles, and zamindars".
Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute
The Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute (CHCI) was located on the campus of Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. CHCI included a sanctuary for chimpanzees who have learned to communicate with humans and each other using American Sign Language. CHCI's director was Mary Lee Jensvold. It was founded by former co-directors Roger Fouts and Deborah Fouts. The institute was closed in 2013 when the remaining chimpanzees were transferred to facilities in Quebec, Canada, and the building the facility was housed in, was demolished in 2018. Portions of the specialized structures used to house the chimps were dismantled and moved to the Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest in Cle Elum, for future use.

Cle Elum, Washington
Cle Elum (/kli ˈɛləm/ klee EL-əm) is a city in Kittitas County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,157 at the 2020 census. About 84 miles (135 km) by car from Seattle, Cle Elum is a popular area for camping and outdoor activities. It is also unofficially considered the starting point of Eastern Washington when driving east on I-90 from Seattle, although this is somewhat arbitrary since many consider either the town of Easton, anywhere east of Keechelus Lake, or the wildlife crossing bridge over I-90 to be the starting point.

The town takes its name from the Cle Elum River, which meets the Yakima River near here. The Kittitas band of the Yakama tribe lived here and fished the Yakima River. In the 1800s, settlers traveled through on their way to Puget Sound, and the Kittitas band was eventually displaced to a reservation. The settlement here had a large sawmill and a train depot, and the town was incorporated in 1902.
Stanisław Wojciechowski
Stanisław Wojciechowski (Polish: [staˈɲiswaf vɔjt͡ɕɛˈxɔfskʲi]; 15 March 1869 – 9 April 1953) was a Polish politician and scholar who served as President of Poland between 1922 and 1926, during the Second Polish Republic.

He was elected president in 1922, following the assassination of his predecessor Gabriel Narutowicz. During his presidency, Wojciechowski and his erstwhile friend Józef Piłsudski disagreed on the political direction of the nation. In 1926, Piłsudski staged a military coup, which resulted in Wojciechowski resigning from office.

Ministry of National Defence (Poland)
The Ministry of National Defence (Polish: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej [mi.ɲisˈtɛr.stfɔ ɔˈbrɔ.nɘ na.rɔˈdɔ.vɛj], MON [ˈmɔn] ⓘ) is an office of government in Poland headed by the Minister of National Defence. 
It is responsible for the organisation and management of the Polish Armed Forces. During the Second Polish Republic and World War II it was called the Ministry of Military Affairs (Ministerstwo Spraw Wojskowych). Its budget for 2025 was 186,6 billion PLN.
Formula Regional Asian Championship
The Formula Regional Asian Championship was an FIA-certified regional Formula 3 racing series, which started in 2018. On 26 January 2018 it was confirmed that pan-Asian promoter Top Speed would organise the championship. Despite using Formula Regional cars since its establishment, the series was called F3 Asian Championship for four years until it was eventually rebranded in December 2021, when the FIA brought an end to F3 as a category.

The inaugural 2018 championship season featured 15 races held during five rounds of 3-race weekends on  circuits across Asia. The driver champion receives FIA Super Licence points, while also it features the AM (amateur) and teams standings.

Formula Three
Formula Three (F3) is a third-tier class of open-wheel formula racing. The various championships held in Europe, Australia, South America and Asia form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers.
1977 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1977, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians. MAS Flight 653 was hijacked and crashed in Johor on 16 December, killing 100 people.

Yang di-Pertua Negeri
The Governor, officially Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوا نݢري‎, lit. 'He Who is Made Head of the State') is the constitutional head of the four Malaysian states without a ruler, namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak. This is in contrast with the ruler (Malay: Raja), who serves as the constitutional monarch and head of state in the nine Malay states. These rulers are the Sultans of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu; the Raja of Perlis; and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
Empire, Wyoming
Empire, Wyoming was an all-black community of ex-slave families who settled in the Spoon Hill Creek Valley in Goshen County, Wyoming, near the Nebraska state border, between 1908 and 1920. This group of individuals is separate from the "Exodusters" who moved West in the late nineteenth century.

Exodusters
Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century, as part of the Exoduster Movement or Exodus of 1879. It was the first general migration of black people following the Civil War and end of Reconstruction.

The movement received substantial organizational support from prominent figures, such as Benjamin Singleton of Tennessee, Philip D. Armour of Chicago, and Henry Adams of Louisiana. As many as 40,000 Exodusters left the South to settle in Kansas, Oklahoma and Colorado.
Maria Martens
Maria Johanna Theodora Martens  (born 8 January 1955 in Doetinchem, Gelderland) is a Dutch politician. She is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal. From 2011 until 2019 she was a member of the Dutch Senate.

From 1999 to 2009 she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). There she was a member of the bureau of the EPP-ED group in the European Parliament and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Development.

She was also a substitute for the Subcommittee on Security and Defence and a member of the delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

European Parliament Committee on Security and Defence
The Committee on Security and Defence (SEDE) is a committee of the European Parliament. It is responsible for European security and defence policy, including institutions, capabilities and operations, as well as developing relations with strategic partners and third countries. During the Tenth European Parliament (2024-2029), the committee has 30 members and is chaired by Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann from Germany.

The body was initially formed as a subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in 2004. On 18 December 2024, it was transformed into a full committee by decision of the European Parliament, with effect from 20 January 2025.
Sharkfin Tower
Sharkfin Tower is an 8,120+ ft (2,470+ m) summit located in North Cascades National Park, in Skagit County of Washington state. It is set in the scenic North Cascades, which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. The peak is situated midway on the high ridge which connects Forbidden Peak with Boston Peak. The Quien Sabe Glacier lies below its southern cliffs, and the immense Boston Glacier spreads out below the north aspect. Surface runoff from Sharkfin Tower drains into the Cascade River and Thunder Creek, both of which are tributaries of the Skagit River.

Quien Sabe Glacier
Quien Sabe Glacier is a glacier located on the west slopes of Boston Peak, North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. Quien Sabe Glacier retreated 1200 meters from its Little Ice Age maximum in approximately 1850 to 1950. The glacier then advanced 55 meters between 1955 and 1975. It then started to retreat again and has retreated 200 meters from its largest extent in the 1970s to 2010. The glacier is approximately .60 mi (0.97 km) in length, .70 mi (1.13 km) in width at its terminus and descends from 8,400 to 7,200 ft (2,600 to 2,200 m). The glacier is separated by ridges from Sahale Glacier to the south and the much larger Boston Glacier to the north.
Alldutch Movement
The Alldutch Movement (Dutch: Aldietse Beweging) was a 19th-century pan-nationalist movement that aimed to politically, culturally, and linguistically unite the speakers of Dutch, Low German, and Frisian. The movement gained only limited support between the 1850s and 1870s, mainly in Belgium. It can be seen as a broader variant of Greater Netherlandism or the Flemish Movement, but with a stronger and more irredentist focus on language.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Thomas Chafin (1675–1711)
Thomas Chaffin (1675 – 1711) was an English Tory politician and the son of Thomas Chafin, who also sat as MP.

He sat as MP for Shaftesbury from 25 February 1699 till November 1701 and Dorset from 1702 till March 1711.

Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)
Dorset was a county constituency covering Dorset in southern England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs), traditionally known as knights of the shire, to the House of Commons of England from 1290 until 1707, to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until 1832.

The Great Reform Act increased its representation to three MPs with effect from the 1832 general election, and under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 the constituency was abolished for the 1885 election, and replaced by four single-member divisions: North Dorset, South Dorset, East Dorset and West Dorset.

When elections were contested, the bloc vote system was used, but contests were rare. Even after the 1832 Reforms, only three of the nineteen elections before 1885 were contested; in the others, the nominated candidates were returned without a vote.
Nesonektris
Nesonektris aldridgei is an extinct vetulicolian from the Late Botomian-aged  Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte in Kangaroo Island, Australia.  So far, it is the fourth described vetulicolian that is not restricted to the Maotianshan Shales (the other three being Ooedigera of Sirius Passet, Banffia of the Burgess Shale, and Skeemella of the Pierson Cove Formation above the Wheeler Shale).

Cambrian Stage 4
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui. Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514.5 million years ago. The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.
High Blues Pressure
High Blues Pressure is an album by trumpeter Freddie Hubbard.  It was his second release on the Atlantic label and features performances by Hubbard, James Spaulding, Bennie Maupin, Herbie Lewis, Roman "Dog" Broadus, Weldon Irvine, Kenny Barron, Freddie Waits, Louis Hayes, Howard Johnson, and Kiane Zawadi.

Freddie Hubbard
Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (April 7, 1938 – December 29, 2008) was an American jazz trumpeter. He played bebop, hard bop, and post-bop styles from the early 1960s onwards. His unmistakable and influential tone contributed to new perspectives for modern jazz and bebop.
Jade Allen
Jade Allen is an Australian cricketer who plays as a right-arm leg break bowler and right-handed batter for New South Wales Breakers in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) and Sydney Sixers in the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL). She made her professional debut during the 2021–22 WBBL for the Sixers against Melbourne Stars, but did not bat or bowl.

Melbourne Stars (WBBL)
The Melbourne Stars are an Australian women's Twenty20 cricket team based in St Kilda, Victoria. They are one of two teams from Melbourne to compete in the Women's Big Bash League, the other being the Melbourne Renegades. To date, the Stars' best performance occurred in WBBL|06 when they ended the regular season as minor premiers before ultimately finishing as runners-up.
Welfare maximization
The welfare maximization problem is an optimization problem studied in economics and computer science. Its goal is to partition a set of items among agents with different utility functions, such that the welfare – defined as the sum of the agents' utilities – is as high as possible. In other words, the goal is to find an item allocation satisfying the utilitarian rule.

An equivalent problem in the context of combinatorial auctions is called the winner determination problem. In this context, each agent submits a list of bids on sets of items, and the goal is to determine what bid or bids should win, such that the sum of the winning bids is maximum.

Utility functions on indivisible goods
Some branches of economics and game theory deal with indivisible goods, discrete items that can be traded only as a whole. For example, in combinatorial auctions there is a finite set of items, and every agent can buy a subset of the items, but an item cannot be divided among two or more agents.

It is usually assumed that every agent assigns subjective utility to every subset of the items. This can be represented in one of two ways:

An ordinal utility preference relation, usually marked by . The fact that an agent prefers a set  to a set  is written . If the agent only weakly prefers  (i.e. either prefers  or is indifferent between  and ) then this is written .

A cardinal utility function, usually denoted by . The utility an agent gets from a set  is written . Cardinal utility functions are often normalized such that , where  is the empty set.

A cardinal utility function implies a preference relation:  implies  and  implies . Utility functions can have several properties.
Rajasansi
Rajasansi is a town, near Amritsar city and a nagar panchayat in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport (Amritsar International Airport) is located in Rajasansi village on Ajnala-Rajasansi Road. Raja Sansi Assembly Constituency is also an assembly segment in the Punjab Legislative Assembly, which is currently represented by Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Todd Kellett
Todd Kellett (born 2 April 1997) is a British professional off-road motorcycle racer. Kellett specialises in the discipline of Beach racing, where he won the inaugural FIM Sand Races World Championship, held in 2025.

Kellett has taken several wins in some of the most well-known beach races, including the Enduropale du Touquet and 7 times winner of the Weston Beach Race. During his 2024 world cup winning season, Kellett won all rounds of the season to take a clean sweep on his way to the title.

Prior to focussing on beach racing, Kellett raced motocross in the European and British championships. He finished third in the EMX2T class of the 2019 European Motocross Championship, where he won the round held in Russia.

Weston Beach Race
The Weston Beach Race (originally called Enduro du Super Mare) is an annual sand race held on the beach at Weston-super-Mare, Somerset over a weekend, usually in October. It is one of the largest off-road motorcycle events in Britain. Open to both amateur and professional riders on motorcycles, quads and sidecars, it regularly attracts over 1,000 participants and attracts crowds of 100,000.
Angelo Medina
Ángelo Medina (born April 21, 1956, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico) is an international music executive.

Though his given name is Ángel, he was in youth dubbed "Ángelo", given it was his father's art name as a radio presenter. He obtained a B.A. in Labour-Management Relations from the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras  He is the former manager of Ricky Martin and is the actual manager of Latin Rock giants Maná, Romeo Santos, Draco Rosa, and other well-known Latin artists. President of Empresas Angelo Medina, he has for more than four decades presided over the careers of multiple artists to achieve sweeping commercial success, earning credit as a historically important contributor to the Latin music business Additionally, he is involved in sports promoting (basketball, baseball, and boxing). He owned the Cangrejeros de Santurce (basketball) franchise and also, until its cessation, owned the television sports network Deportes 13.

Romeo Santos
Anthony "Romeo" Santos (born July 21, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He first rose to prominence as the lead vocalist and frontman of the bachata group Aventura, one of the most influential Latin music bands of the 2000s. Santos later established a successful solo career, achieving seven number-one songs on Billboard's Hot Latin Songs chart and eighteen number-one hits on the Tropical Airplay chart. He has sold over 24 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling Latin music artists of all time.
Katelyn Gosling
Katelyn Gosling (born May 8, 1993) is a Canadian women's ice hockey player. Having earned Canadian Interuniversity Sport All-Canadian honours while competing for the Western Mustangs women's ice hockey program, Gosling was claimed by the Calgary Inferno in the 2016 CWHL Draft. She also competed with Canada's national team at the Winter Universiade, serving as Canada's captain at the 2017 tournament.

FISU World University Games
The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.

The most recent summer event was the 2025 Summer World University Games held in Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany held from 16-27 July 2025, while the most recent winter event was the 2025 Winter World University Games held in Turin, Italy from 13 to 23 January 2025.
Manganese deficiency (plant)
Manganese (Mn) deficiency is a plant disorder that is often confused with, and occurs with, iron deficiency. Most common in poorly drained soils, also where organic matter levels are high. Manganese may be unavailable to plants where pH is high.

Affected plants include onion, apple, peas, French beans, cherry and raspberry, and symptoms include yellowing of leaves with smallest leaf veins remaining green to produce a ‘chequered’ effect. The plant may seem to grow away from the problem so that younger
leaves may appear to be unaffected. Brown spots may appear on leaf surfaces, and severely affected leaves turn brown and wither.

Green bean
Green beans are young, unripe fruits of various cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Green beans are known by several common names, including French beans, string beans (although most modern varieties are "stringless"), and snap beans or simply "snaps". In the Philippines, they are also known as "Baguio beans" or "habichuelas" to distinguish them from yardlong beans.

Immature or young pods of the runner bean (P. coccineus), yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) are used in a similar way. Green beans are distinguished from the many other bean varieties in that they are harvested and consumed with their enclosing pods before the bean seeds inside have fully matured. An analogous practice is the harvest and consumption of unripened pea pods, as is done with snow peas or sugar snap peas.
Chuginadak Island
Chuginadak Island (Aleut: Tanax̂ Angunax̂; Russian: Чугинадак) is the largest island in the Islands of Four Mountains subgroup of the Aleutian archipelago. Chuginadak is an Aleutian name published by Captain Tebenkov in an 1852 map. According to Knut Bergsland's Aleut Dictionary, the Aleutian word "chugida-lix" means "to fry, to make sizzle." The Western half of the island is called Chuginadax in Aleut, meaning 'simmering'.

The island is approximately 14 by 6 miles (22.5 by 9.7 km) long and the currently active Mount Cleveland stratovolcano forms the entire western half of the land mass and the eastern half of the island is the heavily eroded and less famous stratovolcano Tana. These halves of landmasses are connected with a small strip of land.

The only major geographical place is Applegate Cove (2.5 miles across) (Chuguuĝix̂) on the Northern coast. The cove was named for Samuel Applegate, USC&GS, who commanded the schooner Nellie Juan during a survey of this area in the 1880s.

Mikhail Tebenkov
Mikhail Dmitriyevich Tebenkov (Russian: Михаил Дмитриевич Тебеньков; also Tebenkof; 1802 – April 3, 1872) was a Russian hydrographer and vice admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy. From 1845 to 1850, he served as director of the Russian American Company and the governor of Russian America.

He is especially noted for having surveyed and mapped the still little-known coast of Alaska. His Atlas of the Northwest Coasts of America: from Bering Strait to Cape Corrientes and the Aleutian Islands was published in 1852 and contained 39 engraved maps.