hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Woosung railway
The Woosung railway (simplified Chinese: 吴淞铁路; traditional Chinese: 吳淞鐵路; pinyin: Wúsōng Tiělù) was a 19th-century, 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow-gauge passenger railway in Shanghai, China, between the outskirts of the American Concession in the modern city's Zhabei District and Wusong in Baoshan District. Surreptitiously conceived and constructed, it ran for less than a year before it was purchased and dismantled by the Qing viceroy Shen Baozhen. The line would not be rebuilt for twenty years. This fate was a commonly invoked symbol of the Qing dynasty's backwardness and insularity, despite the road's admitted illegality and numerous legitimate objections voiced by the Chinese during its construction and operation.

Its route – still primarily rural as late as the turn of the century – now forms part of the Shanghai Metro's elevated Line 3.

Zhabei
Zhabei, formerly romanized as Chapei, is a neighborhood and a former district of Shanghai with a land area of 29.26 km2 (11.30 sq mi) and a resident population of 847,300 as of 2013. It is the location of the Shanghai railway station, one of the main railway stations of Shanghai. On November 4, 2015, Zhabei was merged into the smaller but more central Jing'an District.

Historically, the district has been highly populated with working class residents. However, due to the shift in the structure of industries and increasing number of immigrants from outside Shanghai, partly due to its reasonable real estate price (compared to its counterparts such as Putuo and Hongkou), the district has become increasingly appealing to city residents.
Pinocarveol
Pinocarveol is an organic compound with the formula C10H16O. It is a bicyclic monoterpenoid, which is a combination of two isoprene units with one hydroxyl group as a substituent. It exists as either trans- or cis-pinocarveol, referring to stereochemical orientation of the oxygen as compared to the methylene bridge. It is a naturally occurring molecule in numerous plant species including Eucalyptus globulus and Picea abies. Pinocarveol is found in a variety of essential oils.

Eucalyptus globulus
Eucalyptus globulus, commonly known as southern blue gum or blue gum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is a tall, evergreen tree endemic to southeastern Australia. This Eucalyptus species has mostly smooth bark, juvenile leaves that are whitish and waxy on the lower surface, glossy green, lance-shaped adult leaves, glaucous, ribbed flower buds arranged singly or in groups of three or seven in leaf axils, white flowers and woody fruit.

There are four subspecies, each with a different distribution across Australia, occurring in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. The subspecies are the Victorian blue gum, Tasmanian blue gum, Maiden's gum, and Victorian eurabbie.
Intermedia
Intermedia is an art theory term coined in the mid-1960s by Fluxus artist Dick Higgins to describe the strategies of interdisciplinarity that occur within artworks existing between artistic genres. It was also used by John Brockman to refer to works in expanded cinema that were associated with Jonas Mekas' Film-Makers’ Cinematheque. Gene Youngblood also described intermedia, beginning in his Intermedia column for the Los Angeles Free Press beginning in 1967 as a part of a global network of multiple media that was expanding consciousness. Youngblood gathered and expanded upon intermedia ideas from this series of columns in his 1970 book Expanded Cinema, with an introduction by Buckminster Fuller. Over the years, intermedia has been used almost interchangeably with multi-media and more recently with the categories of digital media, technoetics, electronic media, and post-conceptualism.

Gene Youngblood
Gene Youngblood (May 30, 1942 – April 6, 2021) was an American theorist of media arts and politics, and a respected scholar in the history and theory of alternative cinemas. His best-known book, Expanded Cinema, was the first to consider video as an art form. He has been credited with helping to define and legitimate the fields of computer art and digital art.
Clarke Memorial Fountain
The Clarke Memorial Fountain is a large public fountain on the campus of the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.

The fountain, originally known as the War Memorial, was dedicated in 1986. Designed by University of Notre Dame alumnus John Burgee and Philip Johnson, the fountain was intended as a memorial to the approximately 500 Notre Dame alumni who died in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The memorial's dedication led to some protests by anti-war student activists, and today it is officially known as the Clarke Memorial Fountain, named after alumnus and benefactor Maude Clarke. Clarke, along with John Schuff, had dedicated the fountain in honor of Clarke's husband John, an officer in the United States Army.

John Burgee
John Burgee (born August 28, 1933) is an American architect noted for his contributions to Postmodern architecture. He was a partner of Philip Johnson from 1967 to 1991, creating together the partnership firm Johnson/Burgee Architects.  Their landmark collaborations included Pennzoil Place in Houston and the AT&T World Headquarters in New York.  Burgee eased Johnson out of the firm in 1991, and when it subsequently went bankrupt, Burgee's design career was essentially over. Burgee is retired, and resides in California.
Zagryazhskoye
Zagryazhskoye (Russian: Загряжское) is a rural locality (a village) in Kovarditskoye Rural Settlement, Muromsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 152 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Muromsky District
Muromsky District (Russian: Му́ромский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,050 square kilometers (410 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Murom (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 15,013 (2021 Census); 24,991 (2010 Census); 26,382 (2002 Census); 29,975 (1989 Soviet census).
Sekiguchi
Sekiguchi (written: 関口) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fusao Sekiguchi Japanese industrialist

Gen Sekiguchi Japanese film director

Hisao Sekiguchi Japanese footballer

Isamu Sekiguchi (関口 勇, born 1910), Japanese skier

Kazuyuki Sekiguchi Japanese musician

Kunimitsu Sekiguchi Japanese footballer

Mai Sekiguchi Japanese actress

Masakazu Sekiguchi Japanese politician

Taro Sekiguchi Japanese motorcycle racer

Yuhi Sekiguchi Japanese race driver

The Sekiguchi Corporation invented the Monchhichi doll.

Fusao Sekiguchi
Fusao Sekiguchi (関口房朗) (born December 20, 1935, in Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan) is a businessman and Thoroughbred horse racing enthusiast. He was the founder and CEO of Meitec in Nagoya before also founding Venture Safe Net, Inc (VSN, Inc) of Tokyo.

The owner of a number of racehorses, the most notable of which was  2000 Kentucky Derby winner Fusaichi Pegasus whom he sold for a reported US$64 million to Ireland's Coolmore Stud. Other successful thoroughbred horses Sekiguchi has owned include Tokyo Yushun winner Fusaichi Concorde and Fusaichi Pandora, winner of the 2006 Q.E.II Cup and dam of Almond Eye.
Indian locomotive class XA
The Indian locomotive class XA was a class of light axle load 4-6-2 "Pacific" type steam locomotives used on 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge lines in British India, and then in post-partition India and Pakistan.

The 113 members of the class were built by Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, England, in 1929/31, 1931 and 1935.

Upon partition in 1947, a total of 37 members of the class went to Pakistan. The other 76 remained in India.

5 ft 6 in gauge railway
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), also known as the Indian gauge is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (San Francisco Bay Area).

In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge (or in the San Francisco Bay Area region of California, BART gauge). In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge"). In the Indian subcontinent it is simply known as "broad gauge". It is the widest gauge in use of heavy-duty mainline railways in the world.
2025 Chicago Marathon
The 2025 Chicago Marathon is the 47th edition of the annual Chicago Marathon. The race is the sixth of seven World Major Marathon events and is a platinum label race.

Notably, the 47th Chicago Marathon marks the first running of the race after the recently announced reduction in automatic qualification time standards. Despite the reductions, a record 160,000 people applied to run in the marathon, with an estimated 53,000 runners expected to cross the finish line. This number likely will break the event record of 52,150 from the 2024 Chicago Marathon.

World Marathon Majors
The World Marathon Majors (WMM) is a championship-style competition for marathon runners that started in 2006. A points-based competition founded on seven major marathon races recognised as the most high-profile on the calendar, the series comprises annual races for the cities of Tokyo, Boston, London, Sydney, Berlin, Chicago and New York.

In addition, the World Marathon Majors includes the results of any major global championship marathon held in that year. These races are the biennial World Athletics Championships Marathon, and the quadrennial Olympic Games Marathon.
John Cebrowski
John W. Cebrowski (born October 15, 1939) is an American politician from the state of New Hampshire. A Republican, he served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives, representing Hillsborough's 7th district until 2014.

Cebrowski graduated from the Rochester Institute of Technology, Rhode Island School of Design, and Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1962 through 1967, and was deployed during the Vietnam War. He worked as a marketing and sales executive for General Electric, Xerox, and U.S. Surgical.

Rochester Institute of Technology
The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private research university in Henrietta, New York, United States, a suburb of Rochester. It was founded in 1829. It is one of only two institutes of technology in New York state, the other being the New York Institute of Technology.

RIT enrolls about 21,000 students, of whom 18,000 are undergraduate and 3,000 are graduate students. These students come from all 50 states in the United States and more than 100 countries. The university has more than 4,000 faculty and staff. It also has branches abroad in Croatia, Kosovo,  and the United Arab Emirates. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Forbidden Area
Forbidden Area is a 1956 Cold War thriller novel by Pat Frank. Its plot involves Soviet sleeper agents intended to sabotage the U.S. war effort, who have been trained by classical conditioning to have an American "cover identity" that they can remember as well as their own.

Frank was asked to write a book about a Russian invasion. He said he was inspired by German troops landing in Florida in World War Two.

It was published in a magazine in serialized form as Seven Days to Never.

The New York Times said it "isn't exciting at all".

TV rights were bought by Martin Manulis.

Cover (intelligence gathering)
A cover in foreign, military or police human intelligence or counterintelligence is the ostensible identity and role or position in an infiltrated organization assumed by a covert agent during a covert operation.
Dipteryx alata
Dipteryx alata is a large, undomesticated, edible nut-bearing tree from dryish tropical lowlands in central South America belonging to the legume family, Fabaceae, from the Dipterygeae tribe in the Faboideae subfamily. It is a wild species, widespread across the Cerrado savanna in South America. The baru nut seed is a grain legume, growing in popularity in North America as a snack food.

Amazon biome
The Amazon biome (Portuguese: Bioma Amazônia) contains the Amazon rainforest, an area of tropical rainforest, and other ecoregions that cover most of the Amazon basin and some adjacent areas to the north and east. The biome contains blackwater and whitewater flooded forest, lowland and montane terra firma forest, bamboo and palm forest, savanna, sandy heath and alpine tundra. Some areas of the biome are threatened by deforestation for timber and to make way for pasture or soybean plantations.
RpoS
The gene rpoS (RNA polymerase, sigma S, also called katF) encodes the sigma factor sigma-38 (σ38, or RpoS), a 37.8 kD protein in Escherichia coli. Sigma factors are proteins that regulate transcription in bacteria. Sigma factors can be activated in response to different environmental conditions. rpoS is transcribed in late exponential phase, and RpoS is the primary regulator of stationary phase genes. RpoS is a central regulator of the general stress response and operates in both a retroactive and a proactive manner: it not only allows the cell to survive environmental challenges, but it also prepares the cell for subsequent stresses (cross-protection). The transcriptional regulator CsgD is central to biofilm formation, controlling the expression of the curli structural and export proteins, and the diguanylate cyclase, adrA, which indirectly activates cellulose production. The rpoS gene most likely originated in the gammaproteobacteria.

Curli
The Curli protein is a type of amyloid fiber produced by certain strains of enterobacteria. They are extracellular fibers located on bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella spp. These fibers serve to promote cell community behavior through biofilm formation in the extracellular matrix. Amyloids are associated with several human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion diseases. The study of curli may help to understand human diseases thought to arise from improper amyloid fiber formation. The curli pili are generally assembled through the extracellular nucleation precipitation pathway.
Pittentrail
Pittentrail (Scottish Gaelic: Bad an Tràill or Baile an Tràill) is a hamlet on the A839 road, in the Rogart parish in east Sutherland, in the Scottish Highlands. The River Fleet runs to the south. The settlement became better known in the area when Rogart railway station was built in the village. The station is still in use and operates as a request stop on the Far North Line, but the station buildings have been converted into private residential use. The station yard has been made into gardens, with old signs and other railway memorabilia lying about. The original sidings have been retained, and the train carriages sitting on them converted into a youth hostel.  The lively Pittentrail Inn is on the north side of the village, near the war memorial.

Siding (rail)
In rail terminology, a siding is a low-speed track section distinct from a running line or through route such as a main line, branch line, or spur. It may connect to through track or to other sidings at either end. Sidings often have lighter rails, meant for lower speed or less heavy traffic, and few, if any, signals. Sidings connected at both ends to a running line are commonly known as loops; those not so connected may be referred to as single-ended or dead-end sidings, or (if short) stubs.
Diocese of Oeiras
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Oeiras (Latin: Dioecesis Oeirensis) is a Latin suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Teresina in northeastern Brazil.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Catedral Nossa Senhora da Vitória, dedicated to Our Lady of Victory, in the city of Oeiras in the Brazilian state of Piauí.

Oeiras, Piauí
Oeiras is a municipality in the Microregion of Picos, in the northeastern Brazilian State of Piauí.

According to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), its population was 37,085 inhabitants in 2020. The municipality covers an area of 2,720 km2 (1,050 sq mi). The mayor, as of 2017, was José Raimundo de Sá Lopes.
François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo
François Nicolas Benoît, Baron Haxo (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa nikɔlɑ bənwa akso]; 24 June 1774 – 25 June 1838) was a French Army general and military engineer during the French Revolution and First Empire. Haxo became famous in the Siege of Antwerp in 1832. He is the nephew of revolution era General Nicolas Haxo of Étival-Clairefontaine and Saint-Dié-des-Vosges in Lorraine, France.

Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ dje de voʒ] ⓘ; German: Sankt Didel, before 1999: Saint-Dié) is a commune in the Vosges department, Grand Est, northeastern France.

It is a sub-prefecture of the department.
Farajollah Khan Shahsevan
Farajollah Khan Shahsevan was a 19th-century military officer of Qajar Iran, who took part in the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813. Farajollah belonged to the Shahsevan tribe, as well as the ruling dynasty of the Ardabil Khanate. Although the family's privilege to govern Ardabil was abolished in 1808 by the Qajars, Farajollah Khan and his family continued to support and collaborate with them.

On September 28, 1809, Farajollah Khan led a force of 11,000 soldiers towards the town Lankaran, which was captured and razed. The Russian ships were unable to help, due the town being encircled by woods.

Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
The Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and, like many of their other conflicts, began as a territorial dispute. The new Persian king, Fath Ali Shah Qajar, wanted to consolidate the northernmost reaches of his kingdom—modern-day Georgia—which had been annexed by Tsar Paul I several years after the Russo-Persian War of 1796. Like his Persian counterpart, the Tsar Alexander I was also new to the throne and equally determined to control the disputed territories.

The war ended in 1813 with the Treaty of Gulistan which ceded the previously disputed territory of Georgia to Imperial Russia, and also the undisputed Iranian territories of Dagestan, most of what is modern Azerbaijan, and minor parts of Armenia.
Paracatu River
The Paracatu River (Portuguese: Rio Paracatu) is located mainly in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil.  It is the longest tributary of the São Francisco, draining a basin of about 45,000 km2, including 21 municipalities and the Federal District.  The basin is almost completely located in the state of Minas Gerais (19 municipalities), including only three municipalities in the state of Goiás.

The river has a length of 485 kilometres (301 mi).  Its main tributary, the Preto, has its source in Lagoa Feia near Formosa in the state of Goiás and it forms the boundary with the Federal District.

Formosa, Goiás
Formosa is a municipality located in the state of Goiás, Brazil, approximately 80 kilometers northeast of Brasília. The population was 123,684 (estimation 2020) in a total area of 5,813.637 km2. Formosa is known for its waterfalls and natural environment.  It is a large producer of cattle and grains and is one of the fastest-growing cities in the state.
Sea Beast
Sea Beast, also known as Troglodyte, is a 2008 Canadian-American television monster movie starring Miriam McDonald, Daniel Wisler, Brandon Jay McLaren and Corin Nemec. It is the sixteenth film in the Maneater film series and it was released on DVD on June 30, 2009.

Monster movie
A monster movie, monster film, or creature feature is a film that focuses on one or more characters struggling to survive attacks by one or more antagonistic monsters. Such may be man-sized, like the Creature from the Black Lagoon, or abnormally large ones, like King Kong or Godzilla. The film may also fall under the horror, comedy, fantasy, or science fiction genres. Monster movies originated with adaptations of horror folklore and literature.
Mehetabel Newman
Mehetabel Newman (1822 – 8 January 1908) was a Methodist missionary, a letter-writer, a teacher and a homemaker in New Zealand.

Newman was baptised on 22 December 1822 at Willoughby, Lincolnshire. In 1844, she emigrated to New Zealand. She initially lived with her sister Jane and Jane's husband, the missionary George Buttle. Three other siblings were living in New Zealand, including her older brother Joseph Newman. Her sister Elizabeth was married to the missionary William Thomas Fairburn.

She married John Warren in 1878.

Willoughby, Lincolnshire
Willoughby is a village in the district of East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. It is situated three miles (five kilometres) south from the market town of Alford, and on the edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Dirigible (film)
Dirigible is a 1931 American pre-Code adventure film directed by Frank Capra for Columbia Pictures and starring Jack Holt, Ralph Graves and Fay Wray. The picture focuses on the competition between naval fixed-wing and airship pilots to reach the South Pole by air.

The female lead is played by Fay Wray. The action scenes feature the stars Jack Holt and Ralph Graves, who also played fliers two years earlier in Capra's 1929 airborne adventure Flight. This film had been intended to emulate the success of Wings (1927), another production with a similar plot. Dirigible was characterized as "marginally science fictional" by scifilm.org. (Capra later planned to make a fully science fictional movie but was never able to.)

USS Los Angeles (ZR-3)
USS Los Angeles was a rigid airship, designated ZR-3, which was built in 1923–1924 by the Zeppelin company in Friedrichshafen, Germany, as war reparations.  She was delivered to the United States Navy in October 1924 and after being used mainly for experimental work, particularly in the development of the American parasite fighter program, was decommissioned in 1932.
Harries–Wong graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Harries–Wong graph is a 3-regular undirected graph with 70 vertices and 105 edges.

The Harries–Wong graph has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, radius 6, diameter 6, girth 10 and is Hamiltonian. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected non-planar cubic graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.

The characteristic polynomial of the Harries–Wong graph is

Vertex connectivity
In graph theory, a connected graph G is said to be k-vertex-connected (or k-connected) if it has more than k vertices and remains connected whenever fewer than k vertices are removed.

The vertex-connectivity, or just connectivity, of a graph is the largest k for which the graph is k-vertex-connected.
Bashundhara Residential Area
Bashundhara Residential Area, or simply Bashundhara, (Bengali: বসুন্ধরা আবাসিক এলাকা) is an upscale residential and semi-business neighbourhood in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Described as a "city inside a city," the area is the largest private real estate project in Greater Dhaka. It is owned and operated by East West Property Development Pvt. Ltd., a subsidiary of Bashundhara Group.

Greater Dhaka
Greater Dhaka (Bengali: বৃহত্তর ঢাকা) is the megalopolis including and surrounding the Bangladeshi capital city of Dhaka, which has grown into one of the world's largest megacities, and shows a very rapid rate of expansion.  Dhaka not only grows because it is the capital and largest urban centre but also due to massive internal displacement from millions of people living in a perennially flood-prone river delta.