hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ordinary court
Ordinary court or judicial court is a type of court with comprehensive subject-matter jurisdiction compared to 'specialized court' with limited jurisdiction over specific field of matters, such as intellectual property court. Due to its comprehensive feature, ordinary courts usually deal with civil case and criminal case, and treated as core part of conventional judiciary. Especially for common law countries, the term superior court is used for courts with general jurisdiction (regardless of instance level in chain of appellate procedure), compared to courts with limited jurisdiction over minor, petty cases such as small claims court.

Sometimes, the term ordinary court is referred to courts with regular procedure or composition, compared to an extraordinary court with irregular procedure or composition.

Criminal procedure
Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail or incarcerated, and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Criminal procedure can be either in form of inquisitorial or adversarial criminal procedure.
Protect the Land
"Protect the Land" is a song recorded by American heavy metal band System of a Down. It was released as a double A-side single with "Genocidal Humanoidz" on November 6, 2020, through American Recordings and Columbia Records, to raise awareness and funds for Armenia and the unrecognised Republic of Artsakh amid the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. It is the band's first release in 15 years since their fifth studio album Hypnotize (2005), their first single in 14 years since "Lonely Day" (2006), and their first two singles to not feature their long-time producer Rick Rubin. It was instead produced by guitarist and vocalist Daron Malakian, who had produced all of their albums (except for their debut) along with Rubin. The two singles have raised over $600,000 that was donated to the Armenia Fund to help those who have been affected by the war.

Rick Rubin
Frederick Jay Rubin (/ˈruːbɪn/, ROO-bin; born March 10, 1963) is an American record producer. He is a co-founder of Def Jam Recordings, founder of American Recordings, and former co-president of Columbia Records.

Rubin helped popularize hip hop by producing records for pioneering acts such as LL Cool J, the Beastie Boys, Run-DMC, Public Enemy and Geto Boys. He has also produced hit records for acts from a variety of other genres, such as pop (Kesha, Adele, Ed Sheeran, Lady Gaga), heavy metal (Danzig, Metallica, Slayer), alternative rock (The Cult, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine, the Strokes, Weezer), hard rock (Audioslave, AC/DC, Aerosmith), nu metal (Linkin Park, System of a Down, Slipknot), and country (Johnny Cash, The Avett Brothers, the Chicks, Tyler Childers, Kid Rock).

In 2007, Rubin was called "the most important producer of the last 20 years" by MTV and was named on Time's 2007 list of the "100 Most Influential People in the World".
Cry of the Wild
Cry of the Wild is a 1972 feature-length documentary film by Bill Mason and his second of three films about wolves. The film is a personal account of the two years Mason spent shooting his first film on wolves, Death of a Legend, incorporating footage from the earlier film. Cry of the Wild was shot in the Northwest Territories, British Columbia and Canadian Arctic, as well as near Mason's home in the Gatineau Hills, where he kept and observed three grown wolves and, eventually, a litter of cubs.

Litter (zoology)
A litter is the live birth of multiple offspring at one time in animals from the same mother and usually from one set of parents, particularly from three to eight offspring. The word is most often used for the offspring of mammals, but can be used for any animal that gives birth to multiple young. In comparison, a group of eggs and the offspring that hatch from them are frequently called a clutch, while young birds are often called a brood. Animals from the same litter are referred to as littermates.
Nasrulla Rana
Nasrulla Rana (born 11 September 2002) is a Hong Kong cricketer. In September 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's Twenty20 International (T20I) squads for the 2019–20 Oman Pentangular Series and the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. He made his T20I debut for Hong Kong, against Oman, on 5 October 2019.

He was a member of Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh, and made his List A debut against Nepal, in the same tournament. Later the same month, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament in Oman. Prior to his international debut, he had also previously played for the Hong Kong Under-19 National cricket-team at the 2018 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup in September and October 2018 and the Asian Cricket Council's Eastern Region tournament in July 2019.

Hong Kong national under-19 cricket team
The Hong Kong national under-19 cricket team represents the Special Administrative Region of China in international under-19 cricket. It has qualified for the Under-19 Cricket World Cup on one occasion, in 2010.
2015–16 Swiss Super League
The 2015–16 Swiss Super League, also known as Raiffeisen Super League for sponsoring purposes, was the 119th season of top-tier football in Switzerland. Basel were the defending champions.

A total of 10 teams competed in the league, the 9 best teams from the 2014–15 season and the 2014–15 Swiss Challenge League champion Lugano.

2014–15 Swiss Challenge League
The 2014-15 Swiss Challenge League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Brack.ch Challenge League, was the 12th season of the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier in the Swiss football pyramid. It began on 19 July 2014 and was scheduled to end on 30 May 2015. The league was on winter break between 8 December 2014 and 7 February 2015. Servette were forcibly relegated at the end of the season after their failure to acquire a license for the 2015-16 season.
JB DeRosa
JB DeRosa (born April 14, 1991) is an American professional basketball referee for the National Basketball Association (NBA), wearing number 22. As of the 2021–22 NBA season, DeRosa has officiated 256 regular-season games and 3 playoff games. He is in his sixth season as an NBA referee. DeRosa is the son of former NBA official Joe DeRosa.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
Donas
The Donas hill is in Poland in the Pomerania region, within the borders of the City of Gdynia, in the Dąbrowa district. There are two summits, higher western 206.5 m, entirely forested, and the eastern one 205.6 m, the one with the GSM tower. In March 1945, a battle took place between the Red Army and the Germans. On the top, there is a GSM tower erected (Idea-Donas tower 2004), with a visitors terrace 232 m above sea level. The view includes Gdańsk, Gdynia, Gdańsk Bay, Hel Peninsula and Wieżyca mountain, the highest in the Pomerania region. Nearby is the old and abandoned cemetery that served the village of Kolonia Chwaszczyńska's population.

Hel Peninsula
Hel Peninsula or Hel Spit (Polish pronunciation: [xɛl] ⓘ; Polish: Półwysep Helski, Mierzeja Helska; Kashubian: Hélskô Sztremlëzna; German: Halbinsel Hela, Putziger Nehrung) is a 35-kilometre-long (22 mi) sand bar peninsula in northern Poland separating the Bay of Puck from the open Baltic Sea. It is located in Puck County of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Calippus (mammal)
Calippus is an extinct genus of hoofed mammals in the horse family (Equidae), known from the Middle Miocene through the Early Pliocene of North and Central America. Fossils have been found in the Central United States and the Eastern United States, ranging south to Honduras. These equines had high crowned teeth and a quadrangular, wide muzzle, and were small compared to their contemporary relatives, with C. elachistus weighing 49 kg, C. cerasinus weighing 102 kg, 132 kg for C. theristes and 73 kg for C. mccartyi.

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
Khristo Stefanov
Khristo Stefanov (born 21 December 1970) is a Bulgarian former long-distance runner. In April 1996 he won the Hannover Marathon in Germany in 2:12.25 and was named on the Bulgarian Olympic team for that event. He then competed in the men's marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics where he finished 30th in 2:18.29.  His personal best time for the marathon distance is 2:11.26 set in Sofia in 1997 which was also a new national record for the event.

Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta was held on Sunday, August 4, 1996. The race started at 07:05h local time to avoid excessively hot and humid conditions. A total number of 111 athletes completed the race, with an injured and limping Abdul Baser Wasiqi from Afghanistan finishing in last position in 4:24:17.

There were 124 competitors from 79 countries. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. Thirteen competitors did not finish. The medal ceremony took place during the Closing Ceremony which they did again in Athens eight years later. The event was won by Josia Thugwane of South Africa, the nation's first victory in the Olympic men's marathon since 1912. South Korea's Lee Bong-ju won the silver, and Erick Wainaina of Kenya won bronze.
Passage of Curupayty (1867)
The passage of Curupayty was an allied naval operation carried out on 15 August 1867, in the context of the Paraguayan War, which aimed to force the passage of Brazilian battleships against the defensive fortifications installed in the Curupayty fort on the banks of the Paraguay river. There was a second crossing on 13 February 1868 with a fleet of armored monitors destined to join the fleet that had crossed first to form the squadron responsible for forcing the Passage of Humaitá.

Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Río Paraguay in Spanish) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil and Paraguay and forming parts of the Paraguay-Argentina, Brazil-Bolivia, and Brazil-Paraguay borders. It flows about 2,621 kilometres (1,629 mi) from its headwaters in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to its confluence with the Paraná River north of Corrientes and Resistencia.
Error metric
An Error Metric is a type of Metric used to measure the error of a forecasting model. They can provide a way for forecasters to quantitatively compare the performance of competing models. Some common error metrics are:

Mean Squared Error (MSE)

Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)

Mean absolute error (MAE)

Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE)

Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE)

Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE)

Symmetric mean absolute percentage error
The symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE or sMAPE) is an accuracy measure based on percentage (or relative) errors. It is usually defined as follows:

where  are the actual values and  are the forecasted values. Note that if , then term  is undefined (), and is usually ignored in the summation.

Explaining this equation in words, the absolute difference between At and Ft is divided by half the sum of absolute values of the actual value At and the forecast value Ft. The value of this calculation is summed for every fitted point t and divided again by the number of fitted points n.
Corporate structure
A typical corporate structure consists of various departments that contribute to the company's overall mission and goals. Common departments include Marketing, Finance, Operations management, Human Resource, and IT. These five divisions represent the major departments within a publicly traded company, though there are often smaller departments within autonomous firms. Many businesses have a CEO and a Board of Directors, usually composed of the directors of each department, potentially with the addition of one or more non-executive directors. There are also company presidents, vice presidents, and CFOs. However, there is a great diversity in corporate forms, as enterprises range from single company to multi-corporate conglomerate. The four main corporate structures are Functional, Divisional, Geographic, and the Matrix.

Many corporations have a “hybrid” structure, which is a combination of different models with one dominant strategy.

Chief financial officer
A chief financial officer (CFO) is an officer of a company or organization who is assigned the primary responsibility for making decisions for the company for projects and its finances; i.a.: financial planning, management of financial risks, record-keeping, and financial reporting, and, increasingly, the analysis of data.
The CFO thus has ultimate authority over the finance unit and is the chief financial spokesperson for the organization.

The CFO typically reports to the chief executive officer (CEO) and the board of directors and may additionally have a seat on the board. The CFO directly assists the chief operating officer (COO) on all business matters relating to budget management, cost–benefit analysis, forecasting needs, and securing of new funding. Some CFOs have the title CFOO for chief financial and operating officer. In most countries, finance directors (FD) typically report into the CFO, and FD is the level before reaching CFO.
2022–23 Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball team represented the University of Evansville in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Purple Aces, led by first-year head coach David Ragland, played their home games at the Ford Center in Evansville, Indiana as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 5–27, 1–19 in MVC play to finish in last place. They lost to Indiana State in the first round of the MVC tournament.

2023 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, popularly referred to as "Arch Madness", was a postseason men's basketball tournament that completed the 2022–23 season in the Missouri Valley Conference. The tournament was held at the Enterprise Center in St. Louis, Missouri from March 2–5, 2023.

For the first time, the tournament featured 12 teams. Belmont, Murray State, and UIC joined the conference in 2022 following Loyola Chicago's exit.
Ana Tadić
Ana Tadić (born September 21, 1998) is a French-Serbian professional basketball player. She plays for DVTK in the EuroLeague and Hungarian National Championship and, formerly, Tarbes Gespe Bigorre and USO Mondeville in the French women's league. Tadić represents France on their women's national basketball team.

Ligue Féminine de Basketball
The Ligue Féminine de Basketball (LFB; Women's Basketball League) is the top women's French professional basketball league. The LFB authorities announced that the championship is renamed La Boulangère Wonderligue (LBWL) as for the seasons 2024-2025 to 2026-2027.
INXS: Never Tear Us Apart
INXS: Never Tear Us Apart is a two-part Australian miniseries about the rock band INXS and was originally telecast on 9 February 2014, and concluded on 16 February 2014, produced by Shine Australia and airing on the Seven Network.

Paula Yates
Paula Elizabeth Yates (24 April 1959 – 17 September 2000) was a British television presenter and writer. She was best known for presenting the Channel 4 television programmes The Tube and The Big Breakfast. She was subjected to intense media attention and scrutiny, owing to her popularity and her relationships with musicians Bob Geldof and Michael Hutchence.
Al-Orobah Club Stadium
Al-Orobah Club Stadium (Arabic: ملعب نادي العروبة) is a multi-purpose stadium in Sakakah, Saudi Arabia. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home stadium of Al-Orobah, The stadium is also used as a home stadium by teams from the Al-Jawf Province.

Al-Orobah FC
Al-Orobah FC (Arabic: نادي العروبة لكرة القدم, romanized: nādī al-oroubah li-kūrāt ae-qādam, lit. 'Arabism Football Club') is a Saudi Arabian professional football club based in Sakakah, that will compete in the Saudi First Division.
Stupinigi
Stupinigi (Italian: [stupiˈniːdʒi]; Piedmontese: Stupinis [stypiˈniz]) is a frazione (hamlet/borough) of the comune (municipality) of Nichelino, in the Metropolitan City of Turin (Piedmont, north-west Italy). It has a population of about 200. It borders the comuni of Candiolo and Orbassano on the southwestern outskirts of Turin, about 10 km from the centre of the city. Before 1869, it formed part of the comune of Vinovo.

Stupinigi is known for the eighteenth-century palazzina di caccia, one of the historical Residences of the Royal House of Savoy, for the medieval castle (Castelvecchio), and for the associated park and nature reserve (Parco naturale di Stupinigi).

Metropolitan City of Turin
The Metropolitan City of Turin (Italian: città metropolitana di Torino; Piedmontese: sità metropolitan-a 'd Turin) is a metropolitan city in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Turin. It replaced the province of Turin and comprises 312 comuni (sg.: comune). It was created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and established by the Law 56/2014. It has been officially operating since 1 January 2015. With a population of 2,204,276, it is the 4th most populous metropolitan city in Italy.

The Metropolitan City of Turin is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 27 October 2021, Stefano Lo Russo has served as the mayor of the capital city, succeeding Chiara Appendino. The largest metropolitan city of Italy, it is the only one to border a foreign state, France.
Dance Jodi Dance Juniors
Dance Jodi Dance Juniors is a 2018-2019 Indian Tamil-language children's dance competition reality television show, that aired on Zee Tamil from 25 November 2018 to 4 May 2019 on every Saturday and Sunday at 6:30PM and streamed on ZEE5. This is the junior version of the Dance Jodi Dance show, which premiered in 2016. The show about two children's contestants were going to dance together to win the trophy of Dance Jodi Dance Juniors. The show was judged by Sneha, Sudha Chandran and Laila. Deepak Dinkar as the host and featured a guest every week. The winner of the season was Nowfal and Darshan.

Laila (actress)
Laila Mehdi (born 24 October 1980), known mononymously as Laila, is an Indian actress. She made her acting debut in the mid-1990s and later became one of the leading actresses throughout the 2000s. She has acted predominantly in Tamil and Telugu films, as well as in a few Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi language films.
Treaty of La Goulette
The Treaty of La Goulette was a treaty signed on September 8, 1868, between the Beylik of Tunis and the Kingdom of Italy in La Goulette, Tunisia. The treaty designated Italy as Tunisia’s "most favoured nation" at the time, aiming to strengthen economic ties between the two countries, protect the existing Italian diaspora in Tunisia, and encourage the settlement of future Italian migrants from various social classes. The treaty became effective on 21 January 1869.

Italian Tunisians
Italian Tunisians (Italian: Italo-tunisini, or Italians of Tunisia) are Tunisian-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Tunisia during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Tunisia. Migration and colonization, particularly during the 19th century, led to significant numbers of Italians settling in Tunisia.
Proof of Life (Joy Oladokun album)
Proof of Life is the fourth studio album and second major label album by American singer-songwriter Joy Oladokun. It was released on April 28, 2023, by Amigo Records, Verve Forecast Records, and Republic Records. The album has been supported by five singles released throughout 2022 and 2023. The album features guest appearances from Mt. Joy, Manchester Orchestra, Chris Stapleton, Maxo Kream, and Noah Kahan.

Maxo Kream
Emekwanem Ogugua Biosah Jr. (born March 29, 1990), known professionally as Maxo Kream, is a Nigerian-American rapper. His debut album Punken was released in 2018. His follow-up and major label debut, Brandon Banks, was released in 2019 and peaked at number 68 on the Billboard 200.

Maxo Kream is known for his honest lyricism, speaking to his past life living in poor neighborhoods within Houston, Texas. He is a member of the 52 Hoover Crips.

Throughout his career, Maxo Kream has collaborated with artists such as Travis Scott, Playboi Carti, Tyler, the Creator, ASAP Rocky, Don Toliver, J. Cole, Lil Uzi Vert, Megan Thee Stallion, Anderson .Paak, Suicideboys, Wale, Denzel Curry, BigXthaPlug, and Schoolboy Q, alongside others. His younger brother, KCG Josh, is also a rapper.
Olympus E-20
The Olympus E-20 (available under the names E-20N and E-20P, depending on whether it had NTSC or PAL video output, respectively) is a 5-megapixel superzoom bridge camera manufactured by Olympus Corporation of Japan, as a successor to its E-10 model. It also has a fixed lens and a beam splitting prism instead of a moving mirror. It has easy dial keys for choices of pictures, videos, and more. It was announced on September 13, 2001.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
Giorgi Maisuradze (footballer, born 1991)
Giorgi Romanovich Maysuradze (Georgian: გიორგი მაისურაძე; born 9 December 1991) is a Georgian football player. He also holds Russian citizenship.

He made his professional debut in the Russian Professional Football League for FC Sochi on 26 August 2014 in a game against FC TSK Simferopol.

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.