hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abridge
Abridge is a village in Essex, England. It is on the River Roding, 16 miles (26 km) southwest of the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the district of Epping Forest and in the parliamentary constituency of Brentwood and Ongar. It is part of the civil parish of Lambourne and is served by Lambourne Parish Council.

It takes its name from the brick bridge over the River Roding, which is situated just to the north of the modern centre, on the road to Theydon Bois.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Coastal Forces of the Royal New Zealand Navy
Coastal Forces was a division of the Royal Navy established during World War II. It consisted of small coastal defence craft such as motor launches, submarine chasers, air-sea rescue launches, motor gun boats and motor torpedo boats. It did not include minesweepers, naval trawlers or landing craft. This article is about the equivalent boats used in the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN).

From 1921 until 1941 the New Zealand Navy was a Division of the Royal Navy. The RNZN was not created until 1 October 1941. Within six months of its creation the RNZN commissioned twelve Class B Fairmiles and sixteen Harbour Defence Motor Launches (HDMLs)

Motor launch (naval)
A motor launch (ML) is a small military vessel in Royal Navy service. It was designed for harbour defence and submarine chasing. Similar vessels were used by the Royal Air Force for armed high-speed air-sea rescue. Some vessels for water police service are also known as motor launches.
Motor launches were slower than motor torpedo boats and motor gun boats
Tatsuo Kawabata
Tatsuo Kawabata (川端 達夫, Kawabata Tatsuo; born 24 January 1945) is a former Japanese politician from the Democratic Party. A native of Ōmihachiman, Shiga, he attended Kyoto University and received a master's degree from it. His elder brother is former mayor of Ōmihachiman Gohei Kawabata.

Democratic Party (Japan, 2016)
The Democratic Party (民進党, Minshintō; DP) was a political party in Japan. It was the largest opposition party in Japan from 2016 until it lost its seats in the House of Representatives in 2017. The party was founded on 27 March 2016 from the merger of the Democratic Party of Japan and the Japan Innovation Party. The majority of the party split away on 28 September 2017, before the 2017 general election. Many of its members contested the 2017 election as candidates for the Party of Hope, Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or as party members without nomination. On 7 May 2018 the DP merged with the Party of Hope to form the Democratic Party For the People.
Religion in Libya
Islam is the dominant religion in Libya.

Other than the vast majority of Sunni Muslims, there are also small Christian communities, composed exclusively of immigrants. Coptic Orthodox Christianity, which is the Christian Church of Egypt, is the largest and most historical Christian denomination in Libya.

In 2016, there were over 60,000 Egyptian Copts in Libya, as they comprise over 1% of the population alone. There were an estimated 40,000 Roman Catholics in Libya who are served by two Bishops, one in Tripoli (serving the Italian community) and one in Benghazi (serving the Maltese community). There was also a small Anglican community, made up mostly of African immigrant workers in Tripoli; it is part of the Anglican Diocese of Egypt.

Libya was until recent times the home of one of the oldest Jewish communities in the world, dating back to at least 300 BC. A series of pogroms beginning in November 1945 lasted for almost three years, drastically reducing Libya's Jewish population.

Coptic Orthodox Church in Africa
This article, dealing with the Coptic Orthodox Church in Africa, is about the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria in African countries other than Egypt.

The Apostolic Throne of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is based in the ancient Alexandria, Egypt (which is in Africa). The jurisdiction of the Church of Alexandria extended, as per Canon law of the First and Second Ecumenical Councils, to the Province of Egypt, Nubia and Pentapolis. Later on in expanded south to encompass all of what is now known as the Sudan.

Since the demise of the Latin (Roman) North African Archiepiscopate of Carthage (which covered all of North and West Africa, apart from Egypt, Pentapolis and Libya) in the 8th century, Alexandria became the sole Apostolic Throne in the entire continent of Africa (or what was known of it at that time). The historical evangelization of the Apostolic Throne of Alexandria in Africa, apart from Egypt, Pentapolis, Libya, Nubia and the Sudan, does extend to:
2008 South Carolina elections
In addition to federal elections for President, Senate, and the House of Representatives, South Carolina held state elections on Tuesday, November 4, 2008.  Voters elected state senators, state representatives, solicitors and local officers, and voted in three statewide constitutional referendums.

Constitution of South Carolina
The Constitution of the State of South Carolina is the governing document of the U.S. state of South Carolina. It describes the structure and function of the state's government. The current constitution took effect on December 4, 1895. South Carolina has had six other constitutions, which were adopted in 1669, 1776, 1778, 1790, 1865 and 1868.
Mynta
Mynta is an Indo-Swedish fusion jazz band which uses Indian vocal, African and Latin-American rhythms, Arabic sounds, Swedish Folkmusic and Cuban violin, together with Indian traditional instruments as tabla, kanjira, ghatam and tampura.

It consists of Santiago Jimenez (violin, keyboard), Dallas Smith (Indian flute, soprano saxophone, clarinet), Christian Paulin (electric bass guitar), Fazal Qureshi (tabla, kanjira), Max Åhman (acoustic guitar) and Sebastian Printz (drums). Mynta is Swedish for mint. The band was originally formed in 1979.

Kanjira
The kanjira, khanjira, khanjiri or ganjira, a South Indian frame drum, is an instrument of the tambourine family. As a folk and bhajan instrument, it has been  used in the Indian subcontinent for many centuries.

The Kanjira's emergence in South Indian Carnatic music, as well as the development of the modern form of the instrument, is credited to Manpoondia Pillai. In the 1880s, Manpoondia Pillai was a temple lantern-bearer who sought to study drumming. He modified the kanjira to a frame drum with a single pair of jingles and brought the instrument to a classical stage.

It is used primarily in concerts of Carnatic music (South Indian classical music) as a supporting instrument for the mridangam.
Montagnana (surname)
Montagnana (pronounced [montaɲˈɲaːna]) is an Italian surname from Veneto, derived from the town of Montagnana, Padua. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Montagnana (fl. 1730–50), Italian operatic bass

Domenico Montagnana (1686–1750), Italian master luthier

Jacopo da Montagnana (c. 1440/43–1499), Italian painter

Mario Montagnana (1897–1960), Italian journalist, trade unionist and politician

Rita Montagnana (1895–1979), Italian politician

Jacopo da Montagnana
Jacopo da Montagnana (c. 1440/1443 in Montagnana – between 20 April and 14 August 1499 in Padua), also known as Jacopo Parisati or Parisato, was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance who was mainly active in the Padua area.
Pleaman Forsey
Pleaman Forsey is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly in the 2019 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Exploits as a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador Progressive Conservative Party. He was re-elected in the 2021 provincial election. Forsey supported Tony Wakeham in the 2023 provincial PC party leadership race.

Forsey was re-elected in the 2025 Newfoundland and Labrador general election.

On October 29, 2025, Forsey was appointed to Minister of Forestry, Agriculture, and Lands, and Minister of Crown Lands.

2025 Newfoundland and Labrador general election
The 2025 Newfoundland and Labrador general election was held on October 14, 2025, to elect members to the 51st General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador.

In a major upset, Tony Wakeham led the Progressive Conservatives to a majority government for the first time since 2011. With a popular vote share of 44.4%, the PCs won the smallest winning vote share of any majority government in Newfoundland and Labrador's electoral history.
Southern Jaguars football
The Southern Jaguars are the college football team representing Southern University. The Jaguars play in NCAA Division I Football Championship as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The Jaguars started collegiate football in 1916, and played in the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference before joining the SWAC in 1934.

Every late November they play their last regular season game against in-state rival Grambling in the Bayou Classic in New Orleans, Louisiana. Another notable football rivalry, dubbed the "BoomBox Classic", is played against Jackson State yearly.

Southern University
Southern University and A&M College (Southern University, Southern, SUBR or SU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. It is the largest historically black college or university (HBCU) in Louisiana, a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, and the flagship institution of the Southern University System. Its campus encompasses 512 acres (207 hectares), with an agricultural experimental station on an additional 372-acre (151-hectare) site, five miles (8.0 km) north of the main campus on Scott's Bluff overlooking the Mississippi River in the northern section of Baton Rouge.

Southern University's 13 intercollegiate athletics teams are known as the Jaguars, and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) in NCAA Division I. The Human Jukebox is a well known collegiate marching band that has represented Southern University since 1947.
Goose step
The goose step is a special marching step which is performed during formal military parades and other ceremonies. While marching in parade formation, troops swing their legs in unison off the ground while keeping each leg rigidly straight.

The step originated in Prussian military drill in the mid-18th century and was called the Stechschritt (literally, "piercing step") or Stechmarsch. German military advisors spread the tradition to Russia in the 19th century, and the Soviets spread it around the world in the 20th century.

The term "goose step" originally referred to balance stepping, an obsolete formalized slow march. The term is nowadays heavily associated with Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in many English-speaking countries. As a result, the term has acquired a pejorative meaning in English-speaking countries.

New Army
The New Army (Traditional Chinese: 新軍, Simplified Chinese: 新军; Pinyin: Xīnjūn, Manchu: Ice cooha), more fully called the Newly Created Army (新建陸軍 Xinjian Lujun), was the combined modernised army corps formed under the Qing dynasty in December 1895, following its defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War. At first it consisted of a few experimental units, but after 1901 it was envisioned as a regular and professional fully trained and equipped according to Western standards with a reserve. In 1903 an imperial edict expanded it to 36 divisions of 12,500 men each, or total of 450,000 in peacetime supplemented by a further 523,000 reservists in wartime though it never achieved a strength above 300,000.
Maritime Labor Board
The Maritime Labor Board (MLB) was an independent US government agency with responsibilities for mediating and researching US labor law in relation to labor disputes in the maritime industry.  In 1941, its mediation function lapsed, after which it focused exclusively on research.

Independent agencies of the United States federal government
In the United States federal government, independent agencies are agencies that exist outside the federal executive departments (those headed by a Cabinet secretary) and the Executive Office of the President.: 6  In a narrower sense, the term refers only to those independent agencies that, while considered part of the executive branch, have regulatory or rulemaking authority and are insulated from presidential control, usually because the president's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is limited.

Established through separate statutes passed by Congress, each respective statutory grant of authority defines the goals the agency must work towards, as well as what substantive areas, if any, over which it may have the power of rulemaking. These agency rules (or regulations), when in force, have the power of federal law.
Poggiardo
Poggiardo (Salentino: Pusciardu) is a town and comune in the Italian province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy. An old Messapian town, Vaste, is located in its territory as a frazione.

Provinces of Italy
The provinces of Italy (Italian: province d'Italia) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, on an intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level".

There are currently 110 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 82 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 15 metropolitan cities, as well as the Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province).

Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions.
Joseph Fuller (architect)
Joseph F. Fuller, Jr. AIA, NCARB (born 1960) is a New York area architect specializing in Educational Architecture and Historic Preservation.   He is best known for his firm's designs for the 2009 Academy of Information Technology & Engineering in Stamford, CT, the 2010 restoration and expansion of Old Town Hall (Stamford, Connecticut), the expansion of Staples High School (Connecticut), and the restoration of the Gothic facades and campus of City College of New York.

Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philosophical concept that became popular in the twentieth century, which maintains that cities as products of centuries' development should be obligated to protect their patrimonial legacy. The term refers specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness.
Turnip Top
Turnip Top (Spanish: Cara de acelga) is a 1987 Spanish road movie and comedy film directed and starred by José Sacristán, also featuring Fernando Fernán Gómez, Marisa Paredes, Emilio Gutiérrez Caba, Miguel Rellán, Amparo Baró, and Amparo Soler Leal.

Amparo Soler Leal
Amparo Soler Leal (23 August 1933 – 25 October 2013) was a Spanish film actress.

She was married to Adolfo Marsillach from 1954 to 1956, and to film producer Alfredo Matas from 1969 until his death in 1996. She worked often with Luis García Berlanga.
Tigres de Aragua
The Tigres de Aragua (English: Aragua Tigers) is a baseball team that plays in the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League and represents the state of Aragua.

Founded in 1965, the Tigres plays its home games at the Estadio José Pérez Colmenares in Maracay. The team won the Venezuelan National Series Championship for the third time in 2009, by defeating the Leones del Caracas at the UCV Stadium, 7–2, in the seventh game of a best-of-seven series. This championship made it their third in a row and eighth in history, including five of the prior six years.

The Tigres won their first Caribbean World Series title in 2009. Their most recent championship was in the 2015–2016 season, when they defeated Navegantes del Magallanes in six playoff games.

Caribbean Series
The Caribbean Series (Spanish: Serie del Caribe) is an annual club tournament contested by professional baseball teams in Latin America. It is organized by the Caribbean Professional Baseball Confederation. The series is normally played in February, after the various winter leagues have ended their national tournaments.

The Dominican Republic has won the most Caribbean Series championships (23), with Tigres del Licey being the most successful team in the tournament's history. The series has been won by 29 teams from seven countries. Only two teams have won the tournament two consecutive years, the most recent being Criollos de Caguas from Puerto Rico in 2017 and 2018.
Laihka State
Laihka State (Shan: လၢႆးၶႃႈ), also spelt Legya or Lecha (Burmese: လဲချား), was a state in the central division of the Southern Shan States of Burma, with an area of 3,711 square kilometres (1,433 sq mi).

The general character of the state was hilly and broken, with a mean altitude of a little under 3,000 feet (910 m). The main rivers were the Nam Teng, an important tributary of the Salween, and the Nam Pawn. Laihka, located in the plain of the Nam Teng, was the capital where the saopha had his palace (haw). The town of Panglong, where the Panglong Agreement took place, is located close to Laihka.

Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land  that generally has few rapid or steep changes in elevation.  Natural vegetation in plains can include prairies/grasslands, forests, savanah, tundra, and desert biomes, among others. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. Plains are one of the major landforms on earth, being present on all continents and covering more than one-third of the world's land area. Plains in many areas are important for agriculture. There are various types of plains, and biomes on them.
Leonard Digges (writer)
Leonard Digges (/dɪɡz/; 1588 – 7 April 1635) was a Hispanist and minor poet, a younger son of the astronomer Thomas Digges (1545–95) and younger brother of Sir Dudley Digges (1583–1639). After his father's death in 1595, his mother married Thomas Russell of Alderminster, now in Warwickshire, who was named by William Shakespeare as one of the two overseers of his will. There are varying opinions about the extent to which the young Leonard Digges might have been influenced in his choice of profession by his stepfather's association with Shakespeare; disagreements about whether he was or was not personally acquainted with the playwright have in recent years eclipsed discussion of the work of Digges himself.

Alderminster
Alderminster is a village and civil parish on the River Stour about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England. The village is on the A3400 road between Stratford-upon-Avon and Shipston-on-Stour. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 491.
Subareolar lymphatic plexus
Subareolar lymphatic plexus, also known as Sappey's plexus is the lymphatic drainage of the areola of the breast. It is a dense network of lympatics located in the dermis. The subareolar plexus of Sappey communicated with the plexus of lymph nodes located in the deep fascia of pectoralis major muscle.

Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis.  The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix. It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands), apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels, nerves and blood vessels are present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells.
Northern Gateway
Northern Gateway can refer to:

Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines, a Canadian pipeline project

Northern Gateway Regional Division No. 10, a school board in Alberta.

Auckland Northern Motorway, a New Zealand toll road

The Northern Gateway, an antebellum trade route connecting the Midwestern and Atlantic United States

Northern Gateway Roundabout, a roundabout in Kingston upon Hull

The gateway to the north can refer to

Edmonton, Alberta

The Pas, Manitoba

Prince Albert, Saskatchewan

Northern Gateway Regional Division No. 10
Northern Gateway Regional Division No. 10 or Northern Gateway Public Schools is a public school board serving Woodlands County, Lac Ste. Anne County and part of the Municipal District of Greenview No. 16.
Kanazawa University
Kanazawa University (Japanese: 金沢大学, romanized: Kanazawa Daigaku, abbreviated to Japanese: 金大, romanized: Kindai) is a Japanese national university in the city of Kanazawa, the capital of Ishikawa Prefecture. The university was founded in 1949, although it can trace its roots back to 1862.

Kanazawa University is divided into two main campuses: Kakuma and Takaramachi. University enrollment is about 10,100 students, including 636 international students in 2021.

Muromachi, Tokyo
Muromachi (室町), or officially Nihonbashi-Muromachi (日本橋室町), is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, Japan. It formerly belonged to the Nihonbashi Ward (日本橋区), which corresponds to the present-day Nihonbashi area.

Muromachi is a business district, home to a number of long-established companies.
Calochortus nitidus
Calochortus nitidus, the broadfruit mariposa lily, is a North American species of flowering plants in the lily family native to the northwestern United States.

Calochortus nitidus is found primarily in northern Idaho and southeastern Washington, but isolated populations have been reported from Jackson County in southwestern Oregon.

Jackson County, Oregon
Jackson County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 223,259. The county seat is Medford. The county is named for Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States. Jackson County comprises the Medford, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area. There are 11 incorporated cities and 34 unincorporated communities in Jackson County; the largest is Medford, which has been the county seat since 1927.
Knotless knot
The knotless knot is a hitch knot used to attach an eyed fishing hook to fishing line while leaving a length of line hanging below the hook. The extra length of line can then be used as the hair of a hair rig.

Hitch (knot)
A hitch is a type of knot used to secure a rope to an object or another rope. Hitches are used in a variety of situations, including climbing, sailing, and securing loads. They are classified based on their ability to be tightened or released, their resistance to slipping, and their strength. Some common types of hitch knots include the clove hitch, the timber hitch, and the round turn and two half-hitches.