hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS S. T. Co. No. 2
USS S. T. Co. No. 2 (SP-267) was a United States Navy tug, dispatch boat, and minesweeper in commission from 1917 to 1919.

S. T. Co. No. 2 was built as a commercial steam screw tug of the same name in 1898 by Charles Hillman at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The U.S. Navy acquired her under charter from her owner, the Standard Transportation Company, on 24 September 1917 for World War I service. She was commissioned on 27 September 1917 as USS S. T. Co. No. 2 (SP-267).

Assigned to the 5th Naval District, S. T. Co. No. 2 operated in the Virginia Capes area and Chesapeake Bay for the remainder of World War I, serving as a tug, dispatch vessel, and minesweeper.

After the war, S. T. Co. No. 2 was returned to Standard Transportation on 23 June 1919.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Crépy AOC
Crépy (French pronunciation: [kʁepi] ⓘ) is a former Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for white wine in the Savoy wine region of France. The region is on the south side of Lake Geneva.

The wines are exclusively white, made from the Chasselas grape variety which is also extensively grown in Switzerland. The wines are light and dry and best drunk young.

Chasselas
Chasselas (French pronunciation: [ʃasla] ⓘ) or Chasselas blanc ([ʃasla blɑ̃]) is a wine grape variety grown mainly in Switzerland, France, Germany, Portugal, Hungary, Romania, New Zealand, Croatia and Chile. Chasselas is mostly vinified to be a full, dry and fruity white wine. It is also suitable as a table grape, grown widely for this purpose in Turkey and Hungary.
9 mm caliber
This is a list of firearm cartridges that have bullets in the 9 millimeters (0.35 in) to 9.99 millimeters (0.393 in) caliber range.

Case length refers to the round case length.

OAL refers to the overall length of the loaded round.

All measurements are given in millimeters, followed by the equivalent in inches between parentheses.

Ammunition or cartridge specification is usually the "cartridge maximum" specification and may not be the same as the nominally measured dimensions of production, remanufactured, or hand-loaded ammunition.

SAAMI and the CIP publish cartridge data.

Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute
The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI, pronounced "Sammy") is an association of American manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components.  SAAMI is an accredited standards developer that publishes several American National Standards that provide safety, reliability, and interchangeability standards for commercial manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components.  In addition, SAAMI publishes information on the safe and responsible transportation, storage, and use of those products.
Sconce (fortification)
A sconce is a small protective fortification, such as an earthwork, often placed on a mound as a defensive work for artillery. It was used primarily in Northern Europe from the late Middle Ages until the 19th century. This type of fortification was common during the English Civil War, and the remains of one such structure can be seen on Fort Royal Hill in Worcester, England.

During the Eighty Years' War for Dutch independence, the sconces (schans in Dutch) were often used to defend strategic places, but were used also during sieges and in circumvallations. Several more or less intact sconces remain in the Netherlands.

The Zaanse Schans, one of the top tourist locations in the Netherlands, derived its name from its original function as a sconce. Sconces played a major part in the Serbian Revolution, countering the numerical superiority of the Turkish army. Most notable cases are the battles at Mišar, Deligrad and Čegar.

Battle of Čegar
The Battle of Čegar (Serbian: Битка на Чегру/Bitka na Čegru), also known as the Battle of Kamenica (Бој на Каменици/Boj na Kamenici) took place during the First Serbian Uprising between the Serbian Revolutionaries and Ottoman forces near the Niš Fortress on 31 May 1809. Fought on the Čegar hill situated between the villages of Donji Matejevac and Kamenica near Niš in what is today southeastern Serbia, it ended in an Ottoman victory. Commander Stevan Sinđelić famously blew up the gunpowder magazine when the Ottomans overtook his trench, killing everyone in it. Skulls of dead Serb rebels were embedded into the Skull Tower.
Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (English: Martial Arts Confrontation), better known by its initials KSW, is  widely considered to be the premier mixed martial arts organization in Poland and one of the leading in Europe.

LIM Center
The LIM Center (Polish: Centrum LIM) is a skyscraper located in Warsaw, Poland. It was completed in 1989 and is 140 m (460 ft) tall making it Poland's 16th tallest building. The building housed the Warsaw Marriott Hotel until 2024. It is currently the seat of the Warsaw Presidential Hotel.
Anthony Gale (sledge hockey)
Anthony Gale (born 12 May 1993) is a Canadian ice sledge hockey player.

Born in Toronto in 1993 to Tony and Anna Gale with spina bifida, Gale began playing sledge hockey around 2000 at the age of seven, with the Halton Peel Cruisers Sports for the Physically Disabled. He played with their junior and intermediate sledge hockey teams, winning their MVP award in 2004 and 2005 and captaining the junior team. With the Cruisers, he also played wheelchair basketball. Gale was named to Canada men's national ice sledge hockey team in 2010 at the age of 17. He won a gold medal with the team at the 2013 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships. He won a bronze medal at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympics in the men's ice sledge hockey tournament.

He is an alumnus of St. Thomas Aquinas Secondary School in Brampton.

Wheelchair basketball
Wheelchair basketball is a style of basketball played using a sports wheelchair. The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) is the governing body for this sport. It is recognized by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) as the sole competent authority in wheelchair basketball worldwide. FIBA has recognized IWBF under Article 53 of its General Statutes.

The IWBF has 95 National Organizations for Wheelchair Basketball (NOWBs) participating in wheelchair basketball throughout the world, with this number increasing each year. It is estimated that more than 100,000 people play wheelchair basketball from recreation to club play and as elite national team members.

Wheelchair basketball is included in the Paralympic Games. The Wheelchair Basketball World Championship is played two years after every Paralympic Games. Major competition in wheelchair basketball comes from Canada, Australia, the United States, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Japan.
Gardy's Millpond
Gardy's Millpond is a 75 acres (30.35 ha) reservoir located in a tranquil setting along the Westmoreland and Northumberland county line in Northeast Virginia.

The millpond is relatively shallow with an average depth of about 4 ft (1 m). The upstream portion of the impoundment is swampy and the shoreline is largely forested.  Scenic and decorated with lily pads, Gardy's Millpond is a quiet spot to fish for black crappie, bluegill and redear sunfish, bream, chain pickerel, largemouth bass and yellow perch.

A new dam was built here soon after Hurricane Bob caused severe damage to the older structure in 1985. The place was subsequently stocked with fish and re-opened to public fishing in 1990.

Bream
Bream (/ˈbriːm/, US also /ˈbrɪm/ ⓘ) are species of freshwater fish belonging to a variety of genera including Abramis (e.g., A. brama, the common bream), Ballerus, Blicca, Chilotilapia, Etelis, Lepomis, Gymnocranius, Lethrinus, Nemipterus, Pharyngochromis, Rhabdosargus, Scolopsis, or Serranochromis.

Although species from all of these genera are called "bream", the term does not imply a degree of relatedness between them. Fish termed "bream" tend to be narrow, deep-bodied species. The name is a derivation of the Middle English word breme, of Old French origin.
Farhad Vakili
Farhad Vakili is an Iranian Kurdish activist, who has been sentenced to death by an Islamic Revolutionary Court, for allegedly being a member of the armed group, the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).

The Child Rights Information Network called Vakili's trial a "grossly flawed process that fell far short of international standards for a fair trial."

Child Rights International Network
Child Rights International Network (CRIN) is an international network that supports the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and child rights.  The network's goal is to advocate for children's rights and enforce them globally.
Peabody-Williams House
The Peabody-Williams House is a historic house at 7 Norman Road in Newton, Massachusetts.  The 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house was built in 1891, and is one of the finest Shingle style houses in the Newton Highlands area, with the asymmetrical massing, gabled projections and dormers, and corner turret typical of the style.  It was designed by J. Williams Beal, and features extensive interior carving work by a locally prominent woodcarver, Andrew Lees.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The Peabody-Williams House has also been protected from demolition or insensitive alteration with a Preservation Easement held by Historic New England's Preservation Easement Program since 2015.

Historic New England
Historic New England, previously known as the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (SPNEA), is a charitable, non-profit, historic preservation organization headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. It is focused on New England and is the oldest and largest regional preservation organization in the United States. Historic New England owns and operates historic site museums and study properties throughout all of the New England states except Vermont, and serves more than 198,000 visitors and program participants each year. Approximately 48,000 visitors participate in school and youth programs focused on New England heritage.

Historic New England is a museum of cultural history that collects and preserves buildings, landscapes, and objects dating from the seventeenth century to the present and uses them to keep history alive and to help people develop a deeper understanding and enjoyment of New England life and appreciation for its preservation.
Mild Thing
Mild Thing was a junior roller coaster at the Valleyfair amusement park in Shakopee, Minnesota.

Mild Thing opened in 1976 as Mine Train. At some later point, the ride's name was changed to Kiddie Coaster, under which the ride was operated under until 1996. With the opening of the new hypercoaster Wild Thing, the ride's name was changed to Mild Thing, as a play on words.

Mild Thing ceased operation after the 2010 operating season and was replaced by Cosmic Coaster.

Wild Thing (Valleyfair)
Wild Thing is a hypercoaster located at Valleyfair. It is an out and back roller coaster with more than one mile (1.6 km) of track. Its first hill is 207 feet (63 m) with a 60 degree drop, and the roller coaster reaches speeds of up to 74 mph (119 km/h). Wild Thing's height was set by the Federal Aviation Administration due to the nearby presence of Flying Cloud Airport.

Designed and manufactured by D. H. Morgan Manufacturing, it was the first hypercoaster to be built by the company, opening in 1996. It was the 5th tallest coaster in the world when it opened. The ride's success led to the construction of Steel Force at Dorney Park in Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1997 and Mamba at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri the next year.
Velocity-addition formula
In relativistic physics, a velocity-addition formula is an equation that specifies how to combine the velocities of objects in a way that is consistent with the requirement that no object's speed can exceed the speed of light. Such formulas apply to successive Lorentz transformations, so they also relate different frames. Accompanying velocity addition is a kinematic effect known as Thomas precession, whereby successive non-collinear Lorentz boosts become equivalent to the composition of a rotation of the coordinate system and a boost.

Standard applications of velocity-addition formulas include the Doppler shift, Doppler navigation, the aberration of light, and the dragging of light in moving water observed in the 1851 Fizeau experiment.

The notation employs u as velocity of a body within a Lorentz frame S, and v as velocity of a second frame S′, as measured in S, and u′ as the transformed velocity of the body within the second frame.

Doppler radar
A Doppler radar is a specialized radar that uses the Doppler effect to produce velocity data about objects at a distance. It does this by bouncing a microwave signal off a desired target and analyzing how the object's motion has altered the frequency of the returned signal. This variation gives direct and highly accurate measurements of the radial component of a target's velocity relative to the radar. The term applies to radar systems in many domains like aviation, police radar detectors, navigation, meteorology, etc.
Saproamanita nauseosa
Saproamanita nauseosa is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae. First described by English mycologist Elsie Maud Wakefield in 1918 as a species of Lepiota, it was named for its nauseating odor. The type specimen was found growing on soil in the Nepenthes greenhouse at Kew Gardens. Derek Reid transferred the species to Amanita in 1966, and then in 2016 the separate genus Saproamanita was created by Redhead et al. for saprophytic Amanitas and it was transferred to this new genus.

The fungus is found in Australia and the Caribbean region of North America.

Lepiota
Lepiota is a genus of gilled mushrooms in the family Agaricaceae. All Lepiota species are ground-dwelling saprotrophs with a preference for rich, calcareous soils. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid with whitish spores, typically with scaly caps and a ring on the stipe. Around 400 species of Lepiota are currently recognized worldwide. Many species are poisonous, some lethally so.
John Clay (running back)
John Clay (born January 4, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers and was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent after the 2011 NFL draft.

In high school, he received numerous awards for his accomplishments on the field at Washington Park High School, being named to the Racine County Sports Hall of Fame in 2018, and was one of the most heavily recruited players in the country. Clay was ruled ineligible to play by the NCAA after not meeting Wisconsin admission requirements before being ruled eligible for the 2008 season.

All-American Bowl (high school football)
The All-American Bowl (branded as the Navy All-American Bowl for sponsorship reasons) is a high school football all-star game, held annually at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. Typically played in January, the All-American Bowl is played between all-star teams representing the eastern and western United States.

Seventeen All-Americans have been Heisman Trophy finalists, with over 450 later playing in the National Football League. Notable alumni include Andrew Luck, Adrian Peterson, Odell Beckham Jr., Eric Berry, Tim Tebow, Joe Thomas, Tyron Smith, Robert Quinn, C. J. Mosley, DeMarco Murray, and Chase Young.

The All-American Bowl was previously organized by All-American Games; in 2019, NBC Sports announced it had acquired the game and its assets.
Dmitry Laptev
Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev (Russian: Дмитрий Яковлевич Лаптев) (1701 – January [O.S. 10 January] 1771) was a Russian Arctic explorer and Vice Admiral (1762). The Dmitry Laptev Strait is named in his honor and the Laptev Sea is named in honor of him and his cousin, and fellow Arctic explorer, Khariton Laptev.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Jinjiang Football Training Center
The Jinjiang Football Training Center (Chinese: 晋江市足球训练中心), is a professional football stadium located in Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. Opened in October 2019, it was the first professional football stadium in Fujian Province and the sixth in China. The stadium has a capacity of 8,000 spectators and serves as the home venue for Quanzhou Yassin F.C., which competes in China League Two.

Jinjiang, Quanzhou
Jinjiang City (Chinese: 晋江市; pinyin: Jìnjiāng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chìn-kang) is a county-level city under Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province (Minnan), on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze and Licheng. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of 721.7 square kilometres (278.6 sq mi) and a population of 2,061,551 as of 2020.

Jinjiang has the only extant Manichean temple in China (Cao'an temple) and is near the eastern end of the world's longest estimated straight-line (great circle) path over land, at 11,241 km (6,985 mi), ending near Sagres, Portugal.
Gefyra, Arcadia
Gefyra (Greek: Γέφυρα meaning "bridge") is a settlement in the municipality of Megalopoli, Arcadia, Greece. It is situated near the right bank of the river Alfeios, 4 km south of Megalopoli and 5 km north of Leontari. The Greek National Road 7 (Corinth - Tripoli - Kalamata) passes south of the village. There are large open-pit lignite mines to the northwest of the village. There are two beautiful churches: St. George in the village square, and St John at the eastern edge of the village.

Lignite
Lignite (from Latin  lignum 'wood'), often called brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks.
József Seregi
József Seregi (born December 10, 1939, in Budaörs) is a Hungarian sculptor and ceramist.

József was a participant of artist colonies at Prilep, Hoyerswerda, Dunaújváros, Burgas and Lindabrunn. József joined the DunapArt Artist Association in 1987. He creates large public sculptures and small statuettes. He uses various type of materials, emphasizing stone, bronze and ceramics. József's sculpture can be visited in International Steel Sculpture Workshop and Symposium near the Danube. He exhibited in Bicske (1978), Regensburg (1989), Grevenbroich (1993). Some works are in public collections, such as Déri Museum and Hungarian National Gallery. His most notable figurative sculptures are Positive and negative forms (New Danube City), Seated Woman (Hoyerswerda), and John Lippa Monument (limestone, bronze, Budapest).

Prilep
Prilep (Macedonian: Прилеп [ˈpriːlɛp] ⓘ) is the fourth-largest city in North Macedonia, after Skopje, Kumanovo, and Bitola. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 63,308, while its broader municipal area has 79,834 inhabitants in total.
Martin Dolk
Martin Per Dolk (born 25 March 1990) is a Swedish handballer who plays for Hammarby IF in the Swedish Handball League. Between 2013 and 2014, he represented the Sweden national team. Mainly a left winger, he can also play as a centre back.

Herreligaen
The Herreligaen (men's league), formerly known as Herrehåndboldligaen (men's handball league), is the men's top Danish professional handball league. The winners of the Herreligaen are recognised as the Danish men's handball champions. The current champions are Aalborg Håndbold.
Twilight Alley
Twilight Alley (1959 – September 1976) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. A series of physical problems restricted him to four races a track career which lasted from July 1962 to July 1963. On his third racecourse appearance he defeated a strong field to win Britain's most important long-distance race, the Ascot Gold Cup. He broke down injured on his only subsequent appearance and was retired to stud where he had some success as a sire of steeplechasers.

Ascot Gold Cup
51°24′43.8″N 0°40′45.3″W﻿ / ﻿51.412167°N 0.679250°W﻿ / 51.412167; -0.679250

The Gold Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 2 miles 3 furlongs and 210 yards (4,014 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

It is Britain's most prestigious event for "stayers" – horses which specialise in racing over long distances. It is traditionally held on the third day of the Royal Ascot meeting, which is known colloquially (but not officially) as Ladies' Day. Contrary to popular belief, the actual title of the race does not include the word "Ascot".
Liu Chuang (artist)
Liu Chuang (刘窗）) is a Chinese artist who currently lives and works in Beijing. He was born in 1979 and graduated from Hubei Institute of Fine Arts in 2001.

His work, "Buying Everything on You" was featured in The Generational: Younger Than Jesus exhibition that took place at the New Museum in 2009.  The show was curated by Massimiliano Gioni. As part of an ongoing project, "Buying Everything on You" was also on view at Frieze New York 2013, and was presented by the Shanghai-based gallery Leo Xu Projects.

Massimiliano Gioni
Massimiliano Gioni (born 1973) is an Italian curator and contemporary art critic based in New York City, and artistic director at the New Museum. He is the artistic director of the Nicola Trussardi Foundation in Milan as well as the artistic director of the Beatrice Trussardi Foundation. Gioni was the curator of the 55th Venice Biennale in 2013.