hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japanese regional cuisine
Japanese cuisine has a vast array of regional specialities known as kyōdo ryōri (郷土料理) in Japanese, many of them originating from dishes prepared using local ingredients and traditional recipes.

While "local" ingredients are now available nationwide, and some originally regional dishes such as okonomiyaki and Edo-style sushi have spread throughout Japan and are no longer considered as such, many regional specialities survive to this day, with some new ones still being created.

Regionality is also apparent in many dishes which are served throughout Japan such as ozōni soup. For example, the dashi-based broth for serving udon noodles is heavy on dark soy sauce, similar to soba broth, in eastern Japan, while in western Japan the broth relies more on the complex dashi-flavouring, with a hint of light soy sauce.

Soy sauce
Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds. It is recognized for its saltiness and pronounced umami taste.

Soy sauce was created in its current form about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China. Since then, it has become an important ingredient in East and Southeast Asian cooking as well as a condiment worldwide.
Shumerlya Special Vehicles Plant
The Shumerlya Special Vehicles Plant (Russian: Шумерлинский завод специализированных автомобилей, abbreviated ShSZA) is a monotown enterprise within the Russian military-industrial complex, a major developer and manufacturer of special purpose equipment in Russia. One of the largest Russian exporters of special purpose machinery.

The company is located in Shumerlya (Chuvashia).

Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. The republic's capital city is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
Gene Bedford
William Eugene Bedford (December 2, 1896 – October 6, 1977) was a second baseman for the Cleveland Indians and end for the Rochester Jeffersons. In two games with the Indians, he went 0-for-3 with a run scored.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Vulcanair V1.0
The Vulcanair V1.0 is an Italian light aircraft, designed and produced by Vulcanair of Casoria, introduced at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in 2014. The aircraft is type certified by the European Aviation Safety Agency and the US Federal Aviation Administration and is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

The design is a derivation of the Partenavia P.64B Oscar.

Light aircraft
A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500 lb (5,670 kg) or less.

Light aircraft are used as utility aircraft commercially for small-scale passenger and freight transport; for sightseeing, photography, cropdusting, and other so-called aerial work roles of civil aviation; for the personal-use aspect of general aviation; and in certain aspects of military aviation.

Examples of aircraft that are at the maximum gross takeoff weight for this category include the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and Beechcraft B200 Super King Air.
Moetoetoetabriki
Moetoetoetabriki is a village in Boven Saramacca resort in Sipaliwini District in Suriname. The village is inhabited by Matawai people.

Nearby towns and villages include Heidoti (2.0 nm), Kwattahede (1.4 nm), Pakka-Pakka (13.9 nm),
Makajapingo (7.0 nm) and Tabrikiekondre (4.1 nm).

Sipaliwini District
Sipaliwini is the largest district of Suriname, located in the south. Sipaliwini is the only district that does not have a regional capital, as it is directly administered by the national government in Paramaribo. Sipaliwini District includes disputed areas, with the southwestern region controlled and administered by Guyana, whereas the southeastern region is controlled by French Guiana, a part of France.
Upper Cross Street
Upper Cross Street (Chinese: 克罗士街上段) is a street located in Chinatown within the Outram Planning Area in Singapore. The street starts after Cross Street at the junction of Cross Street and South Bridge Road, with the street ending at the junction of Chin Swee Road, Havelock Road and Clemenceau Avenue. The street then continues on to Havelock Road. There are a number of shophouses on the street, housing restaurants and shops, with a Spring Court restaurant along the street. The Housing and Development Board development, Hong Lim Complex is also located on this street. Other landmarks include Yue Hwa Building (the former Great Southern Hotel), OG People's Park, Hotel 81 Chinatown, Chinatown Point and the Subordinate Courts. The entrance to the Central Expressway towards the north.

Central Expressway, Singapore
The Central Expressway (CTE) in Singapore is the major highway connecting the city centre of Singapore with the northern residential parts of the island, including Toa Payoh, Bishan and Ang Mo Kio and further onwards to the Seletar Expressway and the Tampines Expressway.

As of 29 December 2013, SLE and CTE are one of the two pairs of expressways in Singapore which are linked together, the other being the KPE and MCE.
David Butcher (cricketer)
David Neil Butcher (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Butcher was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Colchester, Essex.

Butcher made his debut for Devon in the Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire in 1992. From 1992 to 1994, he represented Devon in 14 Championship matches, the last of which came against Cornwall. In 1992, he played his only List A match for Devon, which came against Kent in the 1992 NatWest Trophy. In this match he scored an unbeaten single run and with the ball he took the wickets of Neil Taylor and Carl Hooper.

Carl Hooper
Carl Llewelyn Hooper (born 15 December 1966) is a Guyanese former cricketer who captained the West Indies in Test matches and One Day International matches. An all-rounder, he was a right-handed batsman and off-spin bowler, who came to prominence in the late 1980s in a team that included such players as Vivian Richards, Gordon Greenidge, Desmond Haynes, Malcolm Marshall and Courtney Walsh and represented the West Indies over a 16-year international career.
Green Line (Karachi Breeze)
The Green Line (Urdu:  سبز راہ ) is a bus rapid transit (BRTS) line of the Karachi Breeze metrobus system, operational since December 2021 in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Its construction began in February 2016 on the orders of the then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Being stalled for years, it was then completed by the orders of Prime Minister Imran Khan. The 18 km (11.2 mi) busway is the first phase of the Karachi Metrobus network and has 22 stations (a station after every km). The Green Line was expected to be functional by November 2021 and to have a fleet of 80 buses operated by Daewoo. So far, 80 buses for the project have reached from China at the Karachi Port. Speaking at the ceremony held to celebrate the arrival of buses in Karachi, Federal Planning and Development Minister Asad Umar said, "The proper commercial operation of the Green Line bus service would begin in Karachi by 25 December 2021 after completion of the trials". Buses were purchased from Foton Motor.

Asad Umar
Asad Umar (Urdu: اسد عمر; born 8 September 1961) is a Pakistani former business executive and politician who served as the Finance, Revenue, and Economic Affairs Minister of Pakistan from August 2018 to April 2019 and the Federal Minister for Planning, Development, Reforms and Special Initiatives from November 2019 to April 2022. Prior to entering politics, he served as the chief executive officer (CEO) of Engro from 2004 to 2012.

Asad entered politics in 2012 and served as secretary-general of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf from December 2021 to 24 May 2023.
Kähler identities
In complex geometry, the Kähler identities are a collection of identities between operators on a Kähler manifold relating the Dolbeault operators and their adjoints, contraction and wedge operators of the Kähler form, and the Laplacians of the Kähler metric. The Kähler identities combine with results of Hodge theory to produce a number of relations on de Rham and Dolbeault cohomology of compact Kähler manifolds, such as the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem, the hard Lefschetz theorem, the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations, and the Hodge index theorem. They are also, again combined with Hodge theory, important in proving fundamental analytical results on Kähler manifolds, such as the -lemma, the Nakano inequalities, and the Kodaira vanishing theorem.

Hermitian adjoint
In mathematics, specifically in operator theory, each linear operator  on an inner product space defines a Hermitian adjoint (or adjoint) operator  on that space according to the rule

where  is the inner product on the vector space.

The adjoint may also be called the Hermitian conjugate or simply the Hermitian after Charles Hermite.  It is often denoted by A† in fields like physics, especially when used in conjunction with bra–ket notation in quantum mechanics.  In finite dimensions where operators can be represented by matrices, the Hermitian adjoint is given by the conjugate transpose (also known as the Hermitian transpose).

The above definition of an adjoint operator extends verbatim to bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces .  The definition has been further extended to include unbounded densely defined operators, whose domain is topologically dense in, but not necessarily equal to,
Jerry O'Connor
Jerry O'Connor (born 25 January 1979) is an Irish hurler who played as a midfielder for the Cork senior team.  He is regarded as one of the greatest players of his generation.

O'Connor made his first appearance for the team during the 2000 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement following the conclusion of the 2011 championship. During that time he won two All-Ireland medals, four Munster medals and three All-Star awards.

At club level O'Connor is an All-Ireland medalist with Newtownshandrum.  In addition to this he has also won three Munster medals and four county championship medals.

His twin brother Ben O'Connor and his younger sister Paula O'Connor also won All-Ireland medals with Cork in hurling and camogie respectively. His father Bernie O'Connor also played underage hurling with Cork.

Cloyne GAA
Cloyne GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Cloyne, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the East Cork Board and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling, but also fields teams in Gaelic football.
If My Heart Had Windows (Patty Loveless album)
If My Heart Had Windows is the second studio album by American country music artist Patty Loveless, and was released in 1988. The title track — a cover of a George Jones song from 1967 — became Loveless' first top ten hit, peaking on the Billboard Country Music charts at number 10. It was then followed by her biggest chart position (number 2 on September 10, 1988) at the time with "A Little Bit In Love," a song written by country artist Steve Earle.  It also features a recording of the song "Baby's Gone Blues", which would be recorded by Shelby Lynne for her 1990 album Tough All Over and by Reba McEntire for her 1992 album It's Your Call.

The album peaked at number 33 on April 2, 1988.

This album was released the same year (1988) that Loveless became a Member of the Grand Ole Opry.

Tough All Over (Shelby Lynne album)
Tough All Over is the second studio album by American country music songwriter Shelby Lynne. It was released in 1990 via Epic Records. It includes the singles "I'll Lie Myself to Sleep" and "Things Are Tough All Over".
2001 Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden
The 2001 Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden was the fifth round of the 2002 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 29 September 2001 at the Stockholm Olympic Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden.

It was the 7th time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden had been held.

The Grand Prix was won by the Australian rider Jason Crump (his 5th career Grand Prix win).

Stockholm Olympic Stadium
Stockholm Olympic Stadium (Swedish: Stockholms Olympiastadion), most often called Stockholms stadion or (especially locally) simply Stadion, is a stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. Designed by architect Torben Grut, it was opened in 1912; its original use was as a venue for the 1912 Olympic Games. At the 1912 Games, it hosted athletics, some equestrian and football matches, gymnastics, the running part of the modern pentathlon, tug of war, and wrestling events. It has a capacity of 13,145–14,500 depending on usage and a capacity of nearly 33,000 for concerts.
Liguria (Roman province)
Liguria was a late Roman province in Italy in the 4th–6th centuries. Despite its name, it encompassed most of the modern Italian region of Piedmont and parts of Lombardy, but not the medieval and modern region of Liguria, which was included in the province of Alpes Cottiae. The province's capital was Mediolanum (Milan) and it was governed by an official of consularis rank. Administratively, it was subject to the Diocese of Annonarian Italy and to the praetorian prefecture of Italy.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Younghusband, South Australia
Younghusband is a small settlement on the left bank of the lower Murray River in South Australia near Mannum. There are views of Lake Carlet from the cliffs near the caravan park.

The historic Wilhaven house in East Front Road is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

Younghusband is not near the similarly named Younghusband Peninsula, which is located at the Murray Mouth.

Younghusband Peninsula
Younghusband Peninsula is a long narrow peninsula in South Australia. It separates the Coorong Channel, the Tauwitchere Channel and the Coorong which are part of the estuary of the River Murray from the Southern Ocean which including water bodies such as Encounter and Lacepede Bays. It lies entirely within the Coorong National Park. The peninsula is over  110 kilometres (68 mi) long, but less than 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide at its widest point. Its narrowest point is less than  350 metres (1,150 ft) wide. The Younghusband Peninsula, together with the Sir Richard Peninsula on the western side of the Murray Mouth, are the coastal dune system that forms the continental coastline from  near Goolwa in the north west to about 35 kilometres (22 miles) north of Kingston SE in the south east. Younghusband Peninsula was named after William Younghusband, M.P.
Esa Itkonen
Esa Itkonen (born 3 January 1944) is a Finnish linguist, philosopher and language theorist. He is professor emeritus of general linguistics at the University of Turku. Itkonen has authored several publications on linguistic methodology, philosophy of linguistics, history of linguistics, and linguistic typology. He has defended a humanist approach to linguistics, criticising sociobiology, generative grammar, and Cognitive Linguistics.

Cognitive linguistics
Cognitive linguistics is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics, combining knowledge and research from cognitive science, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and linguistics. Models and theoretical accounts of cognitive linguistics are considered as psychologically real, and research in cognitive linguistics aims to help understand cognition in general and is seen as a road into the human mind.

There has been scientific and terminological controversy around the label "cognitive linguistics"; there is no consensus on what specifically is meant with the term.
Patrick Duffy (Cumann na nGaedheal politician)
Patrick Duffy (28 July 1875 – 21 July 1946) was an Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Monaghan constituency at the 1923 general election. He lost his seat at the June 1927 general election.

Duffy was born in Doohamlet, near Castleblayney in County Monaghan. He was an active member of the Irish Volunteers and took part in the Irish War of Independence.

Irish Volunteers
The Irish Volunteers (Irish: Óglaigh na hÉireann), also known as the Irish Volunteer Force or the Irish Volunteer Army, was a paramilitary organisation established in 1913 by nationalists and republicans in Ireland. It was ostensibly formed in response to the formation of its Irish unionist/loyalist counterpart the Ulster Volunteers in 1912, and its declared primary aim was "to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland". Its ranks included members of the Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League), Ancient Order of Hibernians, Sinn Féin and the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Increasing rapidly to a strength of nearly 200,000 by mid-1914, it split in September of that year over John Redmond's support for the British war effort during World War I, with the smaller group opposed to Redmond's decision retaining the name Irish Volunteers.
Alice Vera Cruz
Maria Alice Rodrigues Vera Cruz de Carvalho (born 1955) is a São Toméan jurist who served as President of the country's Supreme Court from 2001.

Cruz was educated in Brazil and became a student of Gilmar Mendes, president of the Supreme Federal Court. She practiced law in Brazil and Portugal.

Cruz was elected president of the Supreme Court of São Tomé and Príncipe in May 2011, making her the first woman to hold the position. In January 2003, Cruz and Prime Minister Maria das Neves successfully mediated a solution after President Fradique de Menezes dissolved the National Assembly.

On 21 November 2008, Cruz was a signatory to the Declaration constituting the Conference of Constitutional Jurisdictions of the Portuguese-Speaking Countries. As of 2017, she remains a justice on the Supreme Court.

Supreme Court of Justice (São Tomé and Príncipe)
The Supreme Court of Justice (Portuguese: Supremo Tribunal de Justiça) is the highest judicial authority of São Tomé and Príncipe. It is located in a historic building in the centre of the capital city of São Tomé, between the Presidential Palace and the waterfront. The Supreme Court consists of five judges, that are appointed by the National Assembly.

The Supreme Court is housed in the former Misericórdia, a church and hospital complex dating from 1504. The present building dates probably from the 17th or 18th century, and was restored in the 1930s.
Gromov's theorem
Gromov's theorem may mean one of a number of results of Mikhail Gromov:

One of Gromov's compactness theorems:
Gromov's compactness theorem (geometry) in Riemannian geometry
Gromov's compactness theorem (topology) in symplectic topology

Gromov's Betti number theorem

Gromov–Ruh theorem on almost flat manifolds

Gromov's non-squeezing theorem in symplectic geometry

Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth

Mikhael Gromov (mathematician)
Mikhael Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhail Gromov, Michael Gromov or Misha Gromov; Russian: Михаи́л Леони́дович Гро́мов; born 23 December 1943) is a Russian-French mathematician known for his work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in France and a professor of mathematics at New York University.

Gromov has won several prizes, including the Abel Prize in 2009 "for his revolutionary contributions to geometry".
Alares
Alares, in antiquity, are supposed by some authors to have been a kind of militia or soldiery among the Romans, so called from ala, a wing, because of their lightness and swiftness in combat.

Others make them a people of Pannonia. Yet others, with more probability, take alares for an adjective or epithet, and apply it to the Roman cavalry, because they were placed in the two wings, or alæ of the army.

Pannonia
Pannonia (/pəˈnoʊniə/, Latin: [panˈnɔnia]) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Italy, and on the south by Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It included the modern regions of western Hungary, western Slovakia, eastern Austria, northern Croatia, north-western Serbia, northern Slovenia, and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The northern and eastern boundary line of Pannonia was formed by the River Danube.
Loyang, Singapore
Loyang is a subzone region located in the town of Pasir Ris in the East Region of Singapore. The region consists of three subzones, Loyang West, Loyang East and Flora Drive. The name means brass or tray in Malay.

The region is served with the exterior road of Loyang Avenue, which leads to Pasir Ris and Tampines and Changi City Point. Much of the industrial estate is dealing with aviation related services, due to its proximity to Changi Airport.

Loyang was a Malay kampong that once existed in the area, Kampong Loyang or Loyang Besar. Before redevelopment, its village mosque, Kampong Loyang Besar Mosque, used to be located in the area.

The area today is well-developed with residential estates, industrial parks and amenities such as NTUC Downtown East on Jalan Loyang Besar and a HDB owned neighbourhood shopping mall Loyang Point on 259 Pasir Ris Street 21.

Changi City Point
Changi City Point (Chinese: 樟城坊) is a shopping mall located in the vicinity of Changi Business Park, Singapore. It was constructed from June 2010, and completed in November 2011.

In 2014, Changi City Point was sold by joint owners, Ascendas Frasers and Ascendas Development, to Frasers Centrepoint Trust (FCT) for $305 million. On 1 November 2023, Changi City Point was bought by The Elegant Group for $338 million.
2025 Cincinnati Open
The 2025 Cincinnati Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts from 7 to 18 August 2025. It was classified as a Masters 1000 tournament on the 2025 ATP Tour and a WTA 1000 tournament on the 2025 WTA Tour. The tournament was the 124th men's edition and the 97th women's edition of the Cincinnati Open. It took place at the renovated Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason, Ohio, a northern suburb of Cincinnati, in the United States. The singles draws for both events were increased from 56 to 96 players this year.

WTA 1000 tournaments
The WTA 1000 tournaments are a category of tennis tournaments on the WTA Tour, governed by the Women's Tennis Association. The old WTA Premier Mandatory and Premier 5 tournaments merged into a single highest tier implemented in the 2021 schedule reorganization. Only four of the nine WTA 1000 tournaments were mandatory until 2024, when the category expanded to ten mandatory tournaments.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 1,000. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 500 points for winning a WTA 500 tournament, and 250 for winning a WTA 250 tournament.