hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Compagnie des Chemins de Fer de Grande Banlieue
Compagnie des chemins de fer de Grande Banlieue (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃paɲi de ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də ɡʁɑ̃d bɑ̃ljø]) or CGB, was a railway company in the western suburban region of Paris, France, in the former département of Seine-et-Oise.

Despite efforts by the company, many of its lines never became profitable. It is the mass use of the automobile that gave the final blow to the CGB, buses took the passengers away from the lines onto irregular and non-direct bus lines. The tramway to Les Halles in Paris closed but the rails remained, plans were to run the trains from Pontoise via Poissy to Paris but residents  close to Place de l'Étoile were against it, complaining about the noise of trains at night. Trains ran until 1933.

Place Charles de Gaulle
The Place Charles de Gaulle (French: [plas ʃaʁl(ə) də ɡol]), historically known as the Place de l'Étoile (French: [plas d(ə) letwal]), is a large road junction in Paris, France, the meeting point of twelve straight avenues (hence its historic name, which translates as "Square of the Star") including the Champs-Élysées. It was renamed in 1970, following the death of former President Charles de Gaulle. It is still often referred to by its original name; the nearby Métro and RER station retains the designation Charles de Gaulle–Étoile. Paris's Axe historique ("historical axis") cuts through the Arc de Triomphe, which stands at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle.
Les Contemplations
Les Contemplations (French pronunciation: [le kɔ̃tɑ̃plɑsjɔ̃]; The Contemplations) is a song and collection of poetry by Victor Hugo, published in 1856. It consists of 156 poems in six books. Most of the poems were written between 1841 and 1855, though the oldest date from 1830. Memory plays an important role in the collection, as Hugo was experimenting with the genre of autobiography in verse. The collection is equally an homage to his daughter Léopoldine Hugo, who drowned in the Seine in 1843.

Verse (poetry)
A verse is formally a single metrical line in a poetic composition. However, verse has come to represent any grouping of lines in a poetic composition, with groupings traditionally having been referred to as stanzas.

Verse in the uncountable (mass noun) sense refers to poetry in contrast to prose. Where the common unit of verse is based on meter or rhyme, the common unit of prose is purely grammatical, such as a sentence or paragraph.

Verse in the second sense is also used pejoratively in contrast to poetry to suggest work that is too pedestrian or too incompetent to be classed as poetry.
Colicin
A colicin is a type of bacteriocin produced by and toxic to some strains of Escherichia coli. Colicins are released into the environment to reduce competition from other bacterial strains. Colicins bind to outer membrane receptors, using them to translocate to the cytoplasm or cytoplasmic membrane, where they exert their cytotoxic effect, including depolarisation of the cytoplasmic membrane, DNase activity, RNase activity, or inhibition of murein synthesis.

Deoxyribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) refers to a group of glycoprotein endonucleases which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, thus degrading DNA. The role of the DNase enzyme in cells includes breaking down extracellular DNA (ecDNA) excreted by apoptosis, necrosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) of cells to help reduce inflammatory responses that otherwise are elicited. A wide variety of deoxyribonucleases are known and fall into one of two families (DNase I or DNase II), which differ in their substrate specificities, chemical mechanisms, and biological functions. Laboratory applications of DNase include purifying proteins when extracted from prokaryotic organisms. Additionally, DNase has been applied as a treatment for diseases that are caused by ecDNA in the blood plasma. Assays of DNase are emerging in the research field as well.
Ernie Barrett
Ernie Drew "Black Jack" Barrett (August 27, 1929 – April 21, 2023) was an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Kansas State Wildcats. He was selected by the Celtics in the first round of the 1951 NBA draft with the seventh overall pick.

Kansas State Wildcats
The Kansas State Wildcats (variously "Kansas State", "K-State", or "KSU") are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Kansas State University. The official color of the teams is Royal Purple; white and silver are generally used as complementary colors.

Kansas State participates in the NCAA Division I FBS (Football Bowl Subdivision) and is a member of the Big 12 Conference since 1996. Previously, Kansas State competed in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference until 1912; the Big Eight Conference from 1913 to 1928; and the Big Eight Conference from 1928 to 1996 (known as the Big Six from 1928 to 1947 and the Big Seven from 1947 to 1957).
Susanna Grannis
Susanna W. Grannis (born 1937) is a retired American academic, and the founder of CHABHA (Children Affected by HIV/AIDS), a nonprofit organization that supported orphans and vulnerable children in Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa from 2004 to 2014. She was professor and dean at the University of Illinois Chicago, Queens College, and at the Bank Street College of Education. She is the author of Hope Amidst Despair: HIV/AIDS-Affected Children in Sub-Saharan Africa (Pluto, 2011) and two self-published children's books. Writing as Susanna W. Pflaum, she is the author of books and academic papers about teaching and education, with a particular focus on advancing academic opportunity for disadvantaged students. She lives in Stuyvesant Falls, New York.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Captain's clerk
A captain's clerk was a rating, now obsolete, in the Royal Navy and the United States Navy for a person employed by the captain to keep his records, correspondence, and accounts.  The regulations of the Royal Navy demanded that a purser serve at least one year as a captain's clerk, so the latter was often a young man working his way to a purser's warrant.  He had high status, with an office on the quarterdeck or upper deck on most ships.  He was paid at the same rate as a midshipman in 1800, but by 1815 he had almost the same monthly pay as a standing warrant officer.  On large ships, he had his own cabin in the gunroom, but on smaller vessels he lived with the midshipmen on the orlop deck.

Naval rating
In military terminology, a rate or rating (also known as bluejacket in the United States) is a junior enlisted sailor in a navy who is below the military rank of warrant officer. Depending on the country and navy that uses it, the exact term and the range of ranks that it refers to may vary.
Rangiya–Silchar Express
Rangiya–Silchar Express is an Express train belonging to Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways that connects Rangiya and Silchar of Assam via Guwahati. This train is a replacement of previous train, Silchar - Guwahati Passenger Special, for the same route & on the same timings. The train makes its main halt at Badarpur Junction & Lumding Junction for 10 mins and 15 mins respectively & loco/rake reversals also take place at these Stations. The train runs with SGUJ/WDP-4. From 4 September 2023, the train was extended to Rangiya Junction.

Rangiya Junction railway station
Rangiya Junction Railway Station is a junction station on the New Bongaigaon–Guwahati section of Barauni–Guwahati line, and Rangia–Tezpur line of Rangiya–Murkongselek section. It is located in Kamrup district in the Indian state of Assam. It serves Rangiya and the surrounding areas. . Rangiya Junction is the 4th largest railway station in Northeast India.
2019 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship
The 2019 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship is the sixteenth edition of the FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship, contested by the women's national teams under the age of 18 of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The final tournament was held in Egypt from 5 to 14 September 2019. Egypt were chosen as the hosts for this event for the first time.

The finals involve 20 teams, of which 19 came through qualifying competitions, while the host nation qualified automatically. Of the 20 teams, 13 had also appeared in the previous tournament in 2017, while Cameroon and DR Congo made their first appearances at a FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship.

The United States won the first title, after defeated Italy 3–2 in final.

FIVB Volleyball Girls' U19 World Championship
The FIVB Volleyball Girls' U19 World Championship is the world championship of volleyball for female players under the age of 19 organized by Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). It was held in U18 age group until 2021.

The first edition was staged in 1989 in Curitiba, Brazil and tournaments have been played every two years since then. The most recent tournament was hosted by Croatia and Hungary and won by United States.

On 22 March 2022, the FIVB Board of Administration decided to change the age category of the tournament by moving it from U18 to U19 in order to equate it with the Boys' U19 World Championship.

China is the most successful nation in the tournament's history, with four titles and one runner-up. Brazil is the second most successful with three titles and four runners-up.

A corresponding tournament for male players is the FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship.
Andriy Khomyn (footballer, born 1968)
Andriy Romanovych Khomyn (24 May 1968 – 29 September 1999) was a professional footballer. He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1988 for FC Prykarpattya Ivano-Frankivsk. A former player for the Ukraine national team, he oped to play for the Turkmenistan national team.

Soviet Second League
The Soviet Second League (Russian: Чемпионат СССР по футболу (вторая лига), Soviet football championship (Second League)) was the third highest division of Soviet football, below the Soviet First League. The league was formed in 1971 in place of the Class A Second Group of the Soviet football championship just a year after the division was downgraded to the third tier. Previously, the third-tier competition predecessor Class B was liquidated completely. The Second League remained in force until dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Karin Kessler
Karin Kessler (née Rettmeyer; born 25 March 1939) is a German female former track and field athlete who competed for West Germany in the 800 metres. She was the gold medallist in that event at the 1967 European Indoor Games, having been runner-up to Zsuzsa Szabó the previous year at the 1966 European Indoor Games. Kessler also represented her country at the 1966 European Athletics Championships, reaching the semi-finals. She set a personal best of 2:03.6 minutes in 1967, which was a West German record for the Hamburg-born athlete.

Kessler was a five-time national champion individually, taking both indoor and outdoor 800 m titles in 1966 and 1967, as well as a short course cross country title in 1966. During her career she was a member of Düsseldorfer SV 04 and LG Alstertal / Garstedt Hamburg clubs.

1966 European Athletics Championships
The 8th European Athletics Championships were held from 30 August to 4 September 1966 in the Nép Stadium in Budapest, Hungary. Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.

A new IAAF ruling was applied for the first time making gender verification for female events mandatory.  As a consequence, all women competitors were forced to have a sex check.  Several of the greatest women athletes missed this year's championships, among them world record holders Iolanda Balaș (high jump) from Romania, as well as Tamara Press (shot put) and Tatyana Shchelkanova (long jump), both from the Soviet Union.
Lertora
Lertora is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Federico Lértora (born 1990), Argentine footballer

Giuseppe Lertora (born 1946), Italian admiral

Mario Lertora (1897–1939), Italian artistic gymnast

Giuseppe Lertora
Vice Admiral Giuseppe Lertora (19 March 1946, Riccò del Golfo) is a retired Italian naval officer who served as Commander in Chief Naval Fleet from 2006 to 2009.
Ammiraglio di Squadra Giuseppe Lertona video integrale.
Music (video game)
Music is a 1998 music sequencer video game developed by Jester Interactive and published by Codemasters for the PlayStation. It was initially released only in Europe. A sequel, Music 2000, was released in 1999.

Music sequencer
A music sequencer (or audio sequencer or simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information in several forms, typically CV/Gate, MIDI, or Open Sound Control, and possibly audio and automation data for digital audio workstations (DAWs) and plug-ins.
Die Welt des Islams
Die Welt des Islams (German pronunciation: [diː ˈvɛlt dɛs ɪsˈlaːms]) or the International Journal for the Study of Modern Islam is an academic journal on Islam and the Muslim world published by Brill. The journal was started as an official organ of the German Society for Islamic Studies. It publishes articles in three languages—English, French, and German—and its German title translates into English as "The World of Islam" and French as "Le Monde de l'Islam".  It was founded by Martin Hartmann in 1915 and is one of the oldest Western journals for the study of Islam, specialising in topics around Muslim civilisations since the late 18th century.  It has published articles by C. H. Becker, Miriam Cooke, Maxime Rodinson, Annemarie Schimmel, Bernard Lewis, Hamid Algar, and Muhammad Hamidullah.

Maxime Rodinson
Maxime Rodinson (French: [ʁɔdɛ̃sɔ̃]; 26 January 1915 – 23 May 2004) was a French historian and sociologist. Ideologically a Marxist, Rodinson was a prominent authority in oriental studies. He was the son of a Russian-Polish clothing trader and his wife, who both were murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp. After studying oriental languages, he became a professor of Ge'ez at the École pratique des hautes études. He was the author of a body of work, including the book Muhammad, a biography of the prophet of Islam.

Rodinson joined the French Communist Party in 1937 for "moral reasons" but was expelled in 1958 after criticizing it. He became well known in France when he expressed sharp criticism of Israel, particularly opposing the settlement policies of the Jewish state. Some credit him with coining the term Islamic fascism (le fascisme islamique) in 1979, which he used to describe the Iranian Revolution.
English Island (South Australia)
English Island is an island off the coast of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is a part of the Sir Joseph Banks Group and close to Sibsey Island. The island is most notable for its large colony of sea lions, and for a secession movement started by the eccentric and self-styled "Sir Ralph Styles of English Island" in 1954.

Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.
Estratos de San Pedro
Estratos de San Pedro is the name given to the sedimentary strata of Paleogene age that crop out along San Pedro River, southern Chile. The strata were initially described by Juan Brüggen and later briefly investigated by Henning Illies who estimated their thickness at 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).
The strata are made up of conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone (Chilean Spanish: fangolita). The clasts of the conglomerates are made up of metamorphic rock and the disposition of the conglomerates varies from clast-supported to matrix-supported. The sandstone and mudstone contains layers of lignite coal that exceed 30 centimetres (12 in) in thickness.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
Anything Goes (soundtrack)
Anything Goes is a soundtrack album issued by Decca Records (DL 8318) from the film of the same name. (See Anything Goes for the film.) The film starred Bing Crosby, Donald O'Connor, Jeanmaire, and Mitzi Gaynor.  Joseph J. Lilley was the musical director with special orchestral arrangements by Van Cleave. All the songs were written by Cole Porter with the exception of three additional songs from Jimmy Van Heusen (music) and Sammy Cahn (lyrics) which have been annotated in the listing below. The soundtrack recording took place between April and June 1955. Three songs were recorded in February 1956 with Joseph J. Lilley and his Orchestra for inclusion in the album to replace the original soundtrack versions.

Joseph J. Lilley
Joseph J. Lilley (August 16, 1913 – January 1, 1971) was an American composer, songwriter and orchestrator. He was Music Director at Paramount Studios from 1941 and was involved in many of the studio's successful musicals in roles varying from vocal arranger to musical director. He worked closely with stars such as Bing Crosby, Martin and Lewis and Elvis Presley. Lilley was nominated at the 32nd Academy Awards for Li'l Abner in Best Musical Score.
Gustavo Balart
Gustavo Eddy Balart Marin (born February 10, 1987) is a Cuban mixed martial artist competing in the Strawweight division. He has previously competed for ONE Championship and Titan Fighting Championships (Titan FC).

Balart is also a former amateur Greco-Roman wrestler who competed in the men's featherweight category.

Titan Fighting Championships
Titan Fighting Championship (Titan FC) is an American mixed martial arts promotion based out of Pompano Beach, Florida.  Their shows were originally run in and near Kansas City and have since expanded to include venues all over North America and eventually, international locations. Since July 2015, Titan FC events are broadcast on the UFC online streaming service UFC Fight Pass, which also showcases a library of the organization's previous events.
Grey baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for members of the Grey family, one in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Two of the creations are extant as of 2026.

Grey baronets of Chillingham in the County of Northumberland (1619): see Baron Grey of Werke

Grey baronets of Howick in the County of Northumberland (1746): see Earl Grey

Grey baronets of Fallodon (1814)

Grey baronets of Fallodon (1814)
The Grey baronetcy of Fallodon in the County of Northumberland was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 29 July 1814 for the Hon. George Grey, Captain R.N., 1767–1828, Commissioner of Portsmouth Dockyard. He was the third son of the 1st Earl Grey. His son, the 2nd Baronet, and great-grandson, the 3rd Baronet, were both prominent Liberal politicians. The latter was raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as Viscount Grey of Fallodon, in the County of Northumberland, in 1916; this title became extinct on his death in 1933.
Nothobranchius palmqvisti
Nothobranchius palmqvisti is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are swamps and intermittent freshwater marshes. This species was described as Fundulus palmqvisti by Einar Lönnberg in 1907 with the type locality being Tanga in the Usambara Mountains of north eastern Tanzania, the type being collected on the 1905–06 Sjöstedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition. The specific name honours the patron of that expedition, Gustaf Palmqvist.

Gustaf Palmquist
Gustaf Palmquist, also Palmqvist, (26 May 1812 – 18 September 1867) was a pioneer Swedish Baptist pastor and missionary in Sweden and the United States. He was one of three brothers, including Johannes and Per Palmqvist who were active early in the Baptist movement in Sweden.
Third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was a pivotal meeting of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party held in Beijing, China, from December 18 to December 22, 1978.

The conference marked the beginning of the reform and opening up policy, and is widely seen as the moment when Deng Xiaoping became paramount leader of China replacing Chairman Hua Guofeng, who remained nominal Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party until 1981. The meeting was a decisive turning point in post-1949 Chinese history, marking the beginning of the wholesale repudiation of Chairman Mao's "Cultural Revolution" policies, and set China on the course for nationwide economic reforms.

The meeting took place at the Jingxi Hotel in western Beijing.

Tao Zhu
Tao Zhu (Chinese: 陶铸; pinyin: Táo Zhù; Wade–Giles: T'ao Chu; 16 January 1908 – 30 November 1969) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and senior political leader who served as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. A veteran of the early Chinese Communist movement, he participated in the Nanchang and Guangzhou uprisings and held key leadership positions in various Chinese regions. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tao held prominent roles including Vice Premier of the State Council, becoming a major figure in both party and military affairs. He was purged during the Cultural Revolution and placed under strict house arrest, dying in 1969 before being posthumously rehabilitated in 1978.
Ann Stevens House
The Ann Stevens House is a historic home in Lake Helen, Florida, United States. It is located at 201 East Kicklighter Road. On August 18, 1993, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Lake Helen, Florida
Lake Helen is a city in Volusia County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,842 at the 2020 census.