hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louse Creek (Missouri)
Louse Creek is a stream in southern Oregon County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. It is a tributary of Frederick Creek.

The stream headwaters are at 36°32′00″N 91°21′10″W﻿ / ﻿36.53333°N 91.35278°W﻿ / 36.53333; -91.35278 and the confluence with Frederick Creek is at 36°34′56″N 91°18′37″W﻿ / ﻿36.58222°N 91.31028°W﻿ / 36.58222; -91.31028. The stream source area lies north of Missouri Route 142 and it flows northeast crossing under Missouri Route E and joins Frederick Creek east of Garfield.

Louse Creek was so named on account of the poor hygiene of the locals near its course.

Garfield, Missouri
Garfield is an unincorporated community in southeast Oregon County, in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. The community is located adjacent to Missouri Route E, approximately three miles southeast of Couch.
The Lady Tasting Tea
The Lady Tasting Tea: How Statistics Revolutionized Science in the Twentieth Century (ISBN 0-8050-7134-2) is a book by David Salsburg about the history of modern statistics and the role it played in the development of science and industry.

The title comes from the "lady tasting tea", an example from the famous book, The Design of Experiments, by Ronald A. Fisher. Regarding Fisher's example, the statistician Debabrata Basu wrote that "the famous case of the 'lady tasting tea'" was "one of the two supporting pillars [...] of the randomization analysis of experimental data".

Debabrata Basu
Debabrata Basu (5 July 1924 – 24 March 2001) was an Indian statistician who made fundamental contributions to the foundations of statistics. Basu invented simple examples that displayed some difficulties of likelihood-based statistics and frequentist statistics; Basu's paradoxes were especially important in the development of survey sampling. In statistical theory, Basu's theorem established the independence of a complete sufficient statistic and an ancillary statistic.

Basu was associated with the Indian Statistical Institute in India, and Florida State University in the United States.
Al Ashoosh
The archaeological site of Al Ashoosh is a third-millennium BC settlement located 70 km (43 mi) south of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is an important example of inland desert occupation in the period following the Holocene Climatic Optimum period and of human occupation in the Rub' al Khali during the Umm Al Nar period.

Archaeologists believe Al Ashoosh was a seasonal settlement occupied by a hunter/pastoral community, probably occupying structures of perishable materials, during the second half of the third millennium BCE (2500—2000 BCE). It is thought the water table would have been higher, supporting inland settlement in what is now a plain and arid site with several brackish wells. The site was used for the production of stone tools.

The boundary between Dubai and Abu Dhabi was defined by the British as a line between Hassyan, today a power station, and Al Ashoosh. It was ratified in 1968.

Holocene climatic optimum
The Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) was a warm period in the first half of the Holocene epoch, that occurred in the interval roughly 9,500 to 5,500 years BP, with a thermal maximum around 8000 years BP. It has also been known by many other names, such as Altithermal, Climatic Optimum, Holocene Megathermal, Holocene Optimum, Holocene Thermal Maximum, Holocene global thermal maximum, Hypsithermal, and Mid-Holocene Warm Period.

The warm period was followed by a gradual decline, of about 0.1 to 0.3 °C per millennium, until about two centuries ago. However, on a sub-millennial scale, there were regional warm periods superimposed on this decline.

For other temperature fluctuations, see temperature record.

For other past climate fluctuation, see paleoclimatology.

For the pollen zone and Blytt–Sernander period, associated with the climate optimum, see Atlantic (period).
Stéphane Mbia
Stéphane Mbia Etoundi (born 20 May 1986) is a Cameroonian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder or defender.

He played 179 games and scored nine goals in Ligue 1 over nine seasons playing for Rennes, Marseille and Toulouse. He spent two years at Sevilla, winning the Europa League in both.
He also played for Cameroon 68 times from 2005 to 2016 and scored five goals for the national team. He was included in the squads for the 2008 Olympics, two Africa Cup of Nations tournaments and two FIFA World Cups.

Trophée des Champions
The Trophée des Champions (French pronunciation: [tʁɔ.fe de ʃɑ̃.pjɔ̃], lit. 'Champions' Trophy') is a French association football trophy contested in an annual match between the champions of Ligue 1 and the winners of the Coupe de France. It is equivalent to the super cups found in many other countries.
Urbancic
Urbancic is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank C. Urbancic Jr. (1951–2016), American diplomat

Ivo Urbančič (1930–2016), Slovenian philosopher

Jošt Urbančič (born 2001), Slovenian footballer

Nataša Urbančič (1945–2011), Slovenian javelin thrower

Victor Urbancic (1903–1958), Austrian composer and conductor

Nataša Urbančič
Nataša Urbančič (November 25, 1945 – June 22, 2011) was a Slovenian athlete. She was born in Celje, Slovenia.

Urbančič represented Yugoslavia at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics in the javelin. She finished 6th and 5th, respectively. She won the bronze medal in javelin at the 1974 European Athletics Championships. Urbančič was named Slovenian Sportswoman of the Year six years in a row, from 1969 to 1974. She continued to throw into Masters athletics age groups, setting the current W55 world record.
Chris Codiroli
Christopher Allen Codiroli (born March 26, 1958) is an American former professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues from 1982 to 1988 and 1990.

He pitched at Archbishop Mitty High School in San Jose, California but, after receiving no scholarship offers to play college baseball, enrolled at San Jose State University. At San Jose State, his father talked him into trying out for the baseball team. As a walk-on, he led the Northern California Baseball Association in earned run average. He then transferred to San Jose City College, from which he was drafted by the Detroit Tigers.

In 144 career games in Major League Baseball, he had 38 wins, 47 losses, 312 strikeouts, and a 4.87 earned run average. Codiroli won a career high 14 games in 1985. He also led the A's in wins that year.

Walk-on (sports)
In American and Canadian college athletics, a walk-on is someone who becomes part of a college team without being recruited or awarded an athletic scholarship. Walk-on players are generally viewed as less significant compared to the scholarship players, and may not even be placed on an official depth chart or traveling team. However, a walk-on player occasionally becomes a noted member of the team.
Roxana Cannon Arsht
Roxana Cannon Arsht (July 18, 1915 – October 3, 2003) was an American judge. She was the fifth woman to be admitted to the bar in the U.S. state of Delaware, and the first to hold a judicial position in the state's history. After retiring, she took part in a philanthropic career until the end of her life. Arsht received several awards for her work, and was inducted into the Hall of Fame of Delaware Women in 1986.

History of Delaware
The history of Delaware as a political entity dates back to the early colonization of North America by European settlers. Delaware is made up of three counties established in 1638, before the time of William Penn. Each county had its own settlement history. The state's early colonists tended to identify more closely with their county than Delaware as a whole. Large parts of southern and western Delaware were thought to have been in Maryland until 1767. The state has existed in the wide economic and political circle of the nearby Pennsylvanian city of Philadelphia.
Salvador Plascencia
Salvador Plascencia (born 21 December 1976) is an American writer, born in Guadalajara, Mexico.

The Plascencia family eventually settled near Los Angeles in the city of El Monte when he was eight years old. Plascencia holds a B.A. in English from Whittier College and an MFA in fiction from Syracuse University. The recipient of a National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts Award in Fiction in 1996 and the Peter Neagoe Prize for Fiction in 2000. In 2001 he was awarded a Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans, its first fellow in fiction. He was awarded the Bard Fiction Prize from Bard College in 2008.

His first published fiction appeared in McSweeney's Issue 12.  McSweeney's also published his first novel, The People of Paper, in 2005.

In its January 2010 issue, Poets & Writers named Plascencia one of the "Fifty Most Inspiring Living Authors in the World."

In August 2015, Plascencia began teaching creative writing at Harvey Mudd College.

Harvey Mudd College
Harvey Mudd College (HMC) is a private liberal arts college in Claremont, California, focused on science and engineering. It is part of the Claremont Colleges, which share adjoining campus grounds and resources. The college enrolled 913 undergraduate students as of 2025 and awards the Bachelor of Science degree.

The college was funded by the friends and family of Harvey Seeley Mudd, one of the initial investors in the Cyprus Mines Corporation. Although involved in the planning of the new institution, Mudd died before it opened in 1955. The campus was designed by Edward Durell Stone in a New Formalist style.
1992–93 Segunda División
The 1992–93 Segunda División season saw 20 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league. UE Lleida, Real Valladolid and Racing de Santander were promoted to Primera División. UE Figueres, CD Lugo, Sestao and CE Sabadell FC were relegated to Segunda División B.

Sestao Sport Club
Sestao Sport Club was a Spanish football club based in Sestao, in the autonomous community of Basque Country. Founded in 1916 it held home matches at Campo Municipal de las Llanas, with a capacity of 8,900 seats.
You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown (soundtrack)
You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown: Original Soundtrack Recording is an album by American jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi, released on July 11, 2025, by Lee Mendelson Film Productions. It is the soundtrack to the motocross-themed television special first broadcast on CBS on October 28, 1975.

John Scott Trotter
John Scott Trotter Jr. (June 14, 1908 – October 29, 1975), also known as "Uncle John", was an American arranger, composer and orchestra leader.

Trotter was best known for conducting the John Scott Trotter Orchestra which backed singer and entertainer Bing Crosby on record and on his radio programs from 1937 to 1954. He also worked with Vince Guaraldi on the score for Peanuts animated television specials and feature films between 1966 and 1975.
Cayuga, New York
Cayuga is a village in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 549 at the 2010 census. The village derives its name from the indigenous Cayuga people and the lake named after them.

The village of Cayuga is in the western part of the town of Aurelius.

Cayuga people
The Cayuga (Cayuga: Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ, "People of the Great Swamp") are one of the five original constituents of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), a confederacy of Native Americans in New York.  The Cayuga homeland lies in the Finger Lakes region along Cayuga Lake, between their league neighbors, the Onondaga to the east and the Seneca to the west. Today, Cayuga people belong to the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ontario, and the federally recognized Cayuga Nation of New York and the Seneca-Cayuga Nation of Oklahoma.
James Nachtwey
James Nachtwey (born March 14, 1948) is an American photojournalist and war photographer.

He has been awarded the Overseas Press Club's Robert Capa Gold Medal five times and two World Press Photo awards. In 2003, Nachtwey was injured in a grenade attack on his convoy while working in Baghdad, from which he made a full recovery.

Nachtwey has worked with Time as a contract photographer since 1984. He worked for Black Star (1980–1985), was a member of Magnum Photos (1986–2001) and VII Photo Agency (2001–2011) where he was a founding member.

Robert Capa Gold Medal
The Robert Capa Gold Medal is an award for "best published photographic reporting from abroad requiring exceptional courage and enterprise". It is awarded annually by the Overseas Press Club of America (OPC). It was created in honor of the war photographer Robert Capa. The first Robert Capa Gold Medal was awarded in 1955 to Howard Sochurek.
Semantic class
A semantic class contains words that share a semantic feature.  For example within nouns there are two sub classes, concrete nouns and abstract nouns. The concrete nouns include people, plants, animals, materials and objects while the abstract nouns refer to concepts such as qualities, actions, and processes. According to the nature of the noun, they are categorized into different semantic classes. Semantic classes may intersect. The intersection of female and young can be girl.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
2019 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election
A by-election was held in the UK Parliament constituency of Brecon and Radnorshire (Welsh: Brycheiniog a Sir Faesyfed) on 1 August 2019 after Chris Davies, who had held the seat for the Conservatives since the 2015 general election, was unseated by a recall petition. The by-election was won by Jane Dodds of the Liberal Democrats.

Recall election
A recall election (also called a recall referendum, recall petition or representative recall) is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a referendum before that official's term of office has ended. Recalls appear in the constitution in ancient Athenian democracy. Even where they are legally available, recall elections are only commonly held in a small number of countries including Peru, Ecuador, Taiwan, and Japan. They are considered by groups such as ACE Electoral Knowledge Network as the most rarely used form of direct democracy.
Belarusian Home Defence
The Belarusian Home Defence, or Belarusian Home Guard (Belarusian: Беларуская краёвая абарона, romanized: Biełaruskaja krajovaja abarona, BKA; German: Weißruthenische Heimwehr) were collaborationist volunteer battalions formed by the Belarusian Central Council (1943–1944), a pro-Nazi Belarusian self-government within Reichskommissariat Ostland during World War II.
The BKA operated from February 23, 1944, to April 28, 1945. The 20,000 strong Belarusian Home Defence Force was formed under the leadership of Commissioner-General Curt von Gottberg, with logistical help from the German SS-Sonderbataillon Dirlewanger, commanded by Oskar Dirlewanger.

Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
Radasłaŭ Kazimiravič Astroŭski (25 October 1887 – 17 October 1976) was a Belarusian collaborator with Nazi Germany who served as the president of the Belarusian Central Council, a puppet Belarusian administration under German hegemony from 1943–1944, and in exile from 1948-1976.
Outline of transportation planning
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to transportation planning.

Transportation planning – process of defining future policies, goals, investments, and spatial planning designs to prepare for future needs to move people and goods to destinations.

Transportation planning
Transportation planning is the process of defining future policies, goals, investments, and spatial planning designs to prepare for future needs to move people and goods to destinations. As practiced today, it is a collaborative process that incorporates the input of many stakeholders including various government agencies, the public and private businesses. Transportation planners apply a multi-modal and/or comprehensive approach to analyzing the wide range of alternatives and impacts on the transportation system to influence beneficial outcomes.

Transportation planning is also commonly referred to as transport planning internationally, and is involved with the evaluation, assessment, design, and siting of transport facilities (generally streets, highways, bike lanes, and public transport lines).
2020 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2020 UEFA European Under-19 Championship (also known as UEFA Under-19 Euro 2020) was scheduled to be the 19th edition of the UEFA European Under-19 Championship (69th edition if the Under-18 and Junior eras are included), the annual international youth football championship organised by UEFA for the men's under-19 national teams of Europe. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was initially postponed, rescheduled and was cancelled in October 2020.

Northern Ireland, which last hosted the tournament in 2005, was selected as host by UEFA on 9 December 2016.

As in previous editions held in even-numbered years, the tournament was due to act as the UEFA qualifiers for the FIFA U-20 World Cup. The top five teams of the tournament were to qualify for the 2021 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Indonesia as the UEFA representatives. Following the cancellation of the tournament, UEFA instead nominated the top five ranked countries in the qualifying round coefficient ranking.

UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The UEFA European Under-19 Championship, or simply the Euro Under-19, is an annual football competition, contested by the European men's under-19 national teams of the UEFA member associations.

Spain is the most successful team in this competition, having won twelve titles. Netherlands are the current champions.
Golf course turf
Golf course turf is the grass covering golf courses, which is used as a playing surface in the sport of golf. The grass is usually maintained by a greenskeeper to control weeds, insects with pesticides, plant fungal diseases with fungicides and to introduce nutrients such as nitrogen fertilization. The grass is kept at a constant height by mowing.

Mower
A mower is a person or machine that cuts (mows) grass or other plants that grow on the ground. Usually mowing is distinguished from reaping, which uses similar implements, but is the traditional term for harvesting grain crops, e.g. with reapers and combines.

A smaller mower used for lawns and sports grounds (playing fields) is called a lawn mower or grounds mower, which is often self-powered, or may also be small enough to be pushed by the operator. Grounds mowers have reel or rotary cutters.
Larger mowers or mower-conditioners are mainly used to cut grass (or other crops) for hay or silage and often place the cut material into rows, which are referred to as windrows. Swathers (or windrowers) are also used to cut grass (and grain crops).  Prior to the invention and adoption of mechanized mowers, (and today in places where use a mower is impractical or uneconomical), grass and grain crops were cut by hand using scythes or sickles.
Craig Petties
Craig Petties (born December 11, 1976) is an American convicted drug trafficker best known for the criminal empire he led in Memphis, Tennessee, from the mid-1990s to 2008, and for his connections to the Mexican drug cartel. The organization's prosecution was later described as the largest drug case in Memphis federal court history. Petties was sentenced to life in prison in 2013 at the age of 36.

Drug cartel
A drug cartel   is a criminal organization composed of independent drug lords who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the illegal drug trade. Drug cartels form with the purpose of controlling the supply of the illegal drug trade and maintaining prices at a high level. The formations of drug cartels are common in Latin American countries. Rivalries between multiple drug cartels cause them to wage turf wars against each other. Drug cartels often transport both drugs and narcotics, and most often the term "Narcotics cartel" is not used to describe an organization that transports the latter legally defined set of illegal substances, such as marijuana.
Linda Mackenzie
Linda June Mackenzie, OAM (born 14 December 1983) is an Australian freestyle swimmer.  She preferred the longer 200-, 400-, and 800-metre events and won the Australian 400-metre national title five years in a row (2004–2008). She was part of the Australian team that won the gold medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne and has picked up silver medals in the same event at the 2003 and 2005 world championships.

Mackenzie qualified for the 200-metre and 400-metre freestyle events at the Olympic Games in Beijing and was a member of the winning Australian team in the women's 4×200-metre freestyle relay.  She was the last swimmer in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.  Together with Stephanie Rice, Bronte Barratt and Kylie Palmer the world record was broken by 5.78 seconds.

She was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

Australian Institute of Sport
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is a high performance sports training institution in Australia. The institute's 66-hectare (163-acre) headquarters were opened in 1981 and are situated in the northern suburb of Bruce, Canberra. The AIS is a division of the Australian Sports Commission (ASC).
Beisfjord massacre
The Beisfjord massacre (Norwegian: Beisfjord-massakren) was a massacre on 18 July 1942 at Beisfjord Camp No. 1 (German: Lager I Beisfjord; Norwegian: Beisfjord fangeleir) in the village of Beisfjord in Narvik Municipality, Norway of 288 political prisoners. The massacre had been ordered a few days earlier by Josef Terboven, the Reichskommissar for Nazi-occupied Norway.

Reichskommissar
Reichskommissar (German: [ˈʁaɪçskɔmɪsaːɐ̯], rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official gubernatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany.
Neuhausen ob Eck Airfield
Neuhausen ob Eck Airfield (German: Flugplatz Neuhausen ob Eck, ICAO: EDSN) is a special airfield near the town of Neuhausen ob Eck in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Southern Germany. Used as a military airbase by the German Army Aviation Corps until 1994, it was rededicated a special airfield, and is since 1997 the site of the business park take-off GewerbePark Betreibergesellschaft mbH. Since 2002, the airfield also hosts the annual Southside Music Festival.

Tuttlingen (district)
Tuttlingen is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rottweil, Zollernalbkreis, Sigmaringen, Constance and Schwarzwald-Baar.
Aiki-jō
Aiki-jō (Kanji: 合気杖 Hiragana: あいきじょう) is the name given specifically to the set of martial art techniques practiced with a jō (a wooden staff about four feet long), according to the principles of aikido. Jō techniques were introduced into aikido by Morihei Ueshiba, aikido's founder, and further developed by Morihiro Saito, one of Ueshiba's most prominent students.

Morihiro Saito
Morihiro Saito (斉藤 守弘 Saitō Morihiro, March 31, 1928 – May 13, 2002) was a teacher of the Japanese martial art of aikido, with many students around the world. Saito's practice of aikido spanned 56 years, from the age of 18, when he first met aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba, until his death in 2002.