hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Garratt (surname)
Garratt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Garratt, artist of the Biff (cartoon) team

Fred Garratt (1888–1967), English footballer

Herbert William Garratt (1864–1913), English mechanical engineer, inventor of the Garratt locomotive

Humphry Garratt (1898–1974), English cricketer

Martin Garratt (born 1980), English footballer

Nick Garratt, Australian rowing coach

Owen Garratt (born 1968), Canadian artist and musician

Steve Garratt (born 1953), English cricket umpire

Wayne Garratt (1968–1992), English speedway rider

Steve Garratt
Steven Arthur Garratt (born 5 July 1953 in Nottingham) is an English cricket umpire.

Also a policeman, Garratt was appointed to the England and Wales Cricket Board's first-class umpires panel for the 2008 season, having spent the previous five seasons on the reserve list. He has also officiated in international women's cricket.
Culture of Kraków
Kraków is considered by many to be the cultural capital of Poland. It was named the European Capital of Culture by the European Union for the year 2000. The city has some of the best museums in the country and several famous theaters. It became the residence of two Polish Nobel laureates in literature: Wisława Szymborska and Czesław Miłosz, while a third Nobel laureate, the Yugoslav writer Ivo Andrić also lived and studied in Krakow. It is also home to one of the world's oldest universities, the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, and Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts, the oldest Polish fine art academy, established in 1818 and granted full autonomy in 1873.

Nowa Huta
Nowa Huta (pronounced [ˈnɔva ˈxuta], literally "The New Ironworks") is the easternmost district of Kraków, Poland. With more than 200,000 inhabitants, it is one of the most populous areas of the city. Until 1990, the neighbouring districts were considered expansions of the original Nowa Huta district, and were linked by the same tramway system. Today, the district formally known as Nowa Huta has been divided into several smaller districts.

Nowa Huta is one of the largest planned socialist realist settlements or districts ever built (another being Magnitogorsk in Russia) in the entire world.

Built as a utopian ideal city, its street hierarchy, layout and certain grandeur of buildings often resemble Paris or London. The high abundance of parks and green areas in Nowa Huta make it the greenest corner of Kraków.
Yadong County
Yadong County (Chinese: 亚东县; pinyin: Yàdōng xiàn), 
also known by its Tibetan name Dromo/Tromo County (Tibetan: གྲོ་མོ་རྫོང, Wylie: gro mo rdzong, THL: dro mo dzong, ZWPY: Chomo Zong) 
is a frontier county and trade-market of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, part of its Shigatse Prefecture.

Yadong County is coextensive with the Chumbi valley that extends south into the Himalayas between Sikkim and Bhutan. It shares boundaries with both India and Bhutan. It covers about 4,306 square kilometers with a population of 10,000.  Its headquarters is Yatung (also called Shasima).

Shigatse
Shigatse, officially known as Xigazê (Tibetan: གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་, Wylie: gzhis ka rtse, ZWPY: xigazê) or Rikaze (Chinese: 日喀则; pinyin: Rìkāzé), is a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Its area of jurisdiction, with an area of 182,000 km2 (70,271 sq mi), corresponds to the historical Ü-Tsang region of Tibet, and is most notable for containing the Chinese half of Mount Everest.
German submarine U-651
German submarine U-651 was a German Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was ordered just after the war started in 1939, laid down on 16 January 1940, launched on 21 December that year and commissioned the following 21 February. She was commanded by Kapitänleutnant Peter Lohmeyer.

Her career was a short one. She took part in only one patrol and sank two ships in convoy Convoy HX 133: the merchantmen Brockley Hill and Grayburn. On 29 June 1941, she was sunk by the escort for the same convoy but 45 of her crew were rescued by the Royal Navy and interrogated by the Admiralty.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs
Journal of Research in Special Education Needs is a peer-reviewed academic journal published thrice annually by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the National Association for Special Educational Needs. The journal was established in 2001 and covers research on special education needs.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Seibu-Shinjuku Station
Seibu-Shinjuku Station (西武新宿駅, Seibu-Shinjuku-eki) is a railway station in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Seibu Railway. It is the terminus of the 47.5 km (30 mile) Seibu Shinjuku Line, which extends to Hon-Kawagoe in Saitama Prefecture.

The station is located approximately 420 meters (460 yards) by foot from Shinjuku Station. It is part of the Shinjuku Prince Hotel and Seibu Shinjuku PePe shopping complex, with the ticket machines and platforms located on the second-floor level. The main entrance is located at the southern end, and a smaller "North entrance" is located at the north end of the station.

Seibu Railway
Seibu Railway Company, Ltd. (西武鉄道株式会社, Seibu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a conglomerate based in Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan, with principal business areas in railways, tourism, and real estate. Seibu Railway's operations are concentrated in northwest Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture; the name "Seibu" is an abbreviation of "west Musashi", referring to the historic name for this area. It and its holding company hold shares of numerous bus, hotel and tourism operations nationwide.
Zoltowski
Zoltowski or Żółtowski is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank B. Zoltowski (born 1957), Australian astronomer

Maciej Żółtowski (born 1971), Polish conductor and composer

Marceli Żółtowski (1812–1901), Polish count and politician

Marceli Żółtowski
Marceli Żółtowski (14 March 1812 in Białcz, Kreis Kosten – 29 April 1901 in Poznań) was a Polish count and politician. A member of the Prussian House of Representatives, he had been a count since 1867 and held positions such as landlord of Greater Poland, general director of Towarzystwo Kredytowe Ziemskie of Grand Duchy of Posen (1850–1869) and was finally a member of the Prussian House of Lords from 1880 to his death in 1901.
Dungeon Hill (hill)
Dungeon Hill is a hill in the Dungeon Hills, a sub-range of the Galloway Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Although it is the lowest of the three main hills along the ridge, it lends its name to the range. Normally climbed as part of a round of the Dungeon Hills and, occasionally, the Range of the Awful Hand, some ascents also begin from the east at Backhill of Bush bothy over the Silver Flowe, however the terrain is extremely demanding from this direction.

Silver Flowe
Silver Flowe is an area of patterned blanket mire in the Galloway Hills, in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Located around 16 km north northeast of Newton Stewart, it forms part of the Galloway Forest Park. An area of 620 hectares has been designated as a Ramsar Site.

The site is one of the least-disturbed and most varied areas of acid peatland in southern Scotland. The site includes the most southerly of the characteristic oceanic blanket bogs in the west of Scotland. It is a breeding site for the rare Azure Hawker dragonfly.

As well as being recognised as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, Silver Flowe has also been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest as well as forming part of the UNESCO recognised Silver Flowe-Merrick Kells biosphere reserve.
Gull Island, Labrador
Gull Island is a small island in the Churchill river in Labrador, in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

52°57′54.21″N 61°22′23.77″W﻿ / ﻿52.9650583°N 61.3732694°W﻿ / 52.9650583; -61.3732694﻿ (Gull Island)

Churchill River (Atlantic)
The Churchill River, formerly known by other names, is a river in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It flows east from the Smallwood Reservoir into the Atlantic Ocean via Lake Melville. The river is 856 km (532 mi) long and drains an area of 79,800 km2 (30,800 sq mi), making it the longest river in Atlantic Canada.
Whareakeake
45°45′43″S 170°40′05″E﻿ / ﻿45.76194°S 170.66806°E﻿ / -45.76194; 170.66806

Whareakeake ([ˌfaɾɛˈakɛˌakɛ]; formerly and colloquially Murdering Beach, also "Murderers Beach" or "Murdering Bay") is a beach 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Dunedin in the South Island of New Zealand, as well as the valley above and behind the beach. Located to the west of Aramoana (12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of Port Chalmers) and included as a section of the Otago Heads, Whareakeake was a place of habitation for Māori people from early times until the Sealers' War skirmish of 1817 from which it derived its colonial name. It is now a surfing beach renowned for its right-hand point break.

Port Chalmers
Port Chalmers (Māori: Kōpūtai) is a town serving as the main port of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. Port Chalmers lies 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) inside Otago Harbour, some 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northeast of Dunedin's city centre.
José Ramón Hinojosa Montalvo
José Ramón Hinojosa Montalvo (born 1947 in Valencia, Spain) is a historian and Professor of Medieval History at the University of Alicante in Spain. He is also Academic Correspondent of the Real Academia de la Historia.

Royal Academy of History
The Royal Academy of History (Spanish: Real Academia de la Historia, RAH) is a Spanish institution in Madrid that studies history "ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, that is to say, the different branches of life, of civilisation, and of the culture of the Spanish people". Spanish people in this regard are understood to be citizens of the Kingdom of Spain or the indigenous people of its predecessors, or their descendants. The academy was established by royal decree of Philip V of Spain on 18 April 1738. Its official publication is the Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia.
Rogozovka
Rogozovka (Russian: Рогозовка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Rogozovsky Selsoviet of Romnensky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 291 as of 2018. There are 6 streets.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Hayes, Louisiana
Hayes (pronounced heɪz) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 780. It is part of the Lake Charles Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana
Jefferson Davis Parish is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,250. The parish seat is Jennings. Jefferson Davis Parish is named after the president of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, Jefferson Davis. It is located in southwestern Louisiana and forms a part of the Acadiana region.
Dah Sing Bank
Dah Sing Banking Group Limited (DSBG) is a Hong Kong–based banking and financial company, headquartered in Wan Chai. It has been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since 2004. It has three main banking subsidiaries (Dah Sing Bank, Banco Comercial de Macau and Dah Sing Bank (China) Limited) providing relevant services through a branch network of around 70 branches over Hong Kong, Macau and Mainland China, and a securities trading company.

The group was established on 1 May 1947. David Shou-Yeh Wong was appointed as the chairman whilst Harold Tsu-Hing Wong (王祖興), the son of David Wong, joined as the group managing director and chief executive of DSBG.

Wan Chai
Wan Chai (Chinese: 灣仔) is located in the western part of Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is bounded by Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west, and Bowen Road to the south. The area north of Gloucester Road is often called Wan Chai North.

Wan Chai is one of the busiest commercial areas in Hong Kong with offices of many small and medium-sized companies. Wan Chai North features office towers, parks, hotels and an international conference and exhibition centre. Wan Chai is also well known for its famous night life which has evolved over decades. As one of the first areas developed in Hong Kong, the locale is densely populated but facing urban decay. The government has undertaken several urban renewal projects in recent years. There are various landmarks and skyscrapers within the area, most notably the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), Central Plaza and Hopewell Centre.
Igor Vukojević
Igor Vukojević (born 1975 in Doboj, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian singer, musician and songwriter.

Igor started playing guitar when he was 10 years old, composed his first song when he was 11 and did his first song arrangement at 14 years old. By that time he already played 3 instruments - drums, bass and guitar.

Vukojević has participated in the Bosnian national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest three times, finishing ninth in 1999 and third in 2003 and 2005. He also participated in the semi-final of its Serbian counterpart, Beovizija, in 2007, finishing last (20th).

Doboj
Doboj (Serbian Cyrillic: Добој, pronounced [dôboj]) is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of the Bosna river, in the northern region of Republika Srpska. As of 2013, it has a population of 71,441 inhabitants.

Doboj is the largest national railway junction and the operational base of the Railways Corporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the oldest cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and, aside from Banja Luka, the most important urban center in northern Republika Srpska.
Archway Theatre
The Archway Theatre is a unique amateur theatre based in Horley, Surrey,  United Kingdom. It is operated by a membership organisation, the Archway Theatre Company. It consists of a 95 seat main auditorium and a 40 seat studio complex.

The group performs 10 main  productions each year of 10 performances each over a 2-week period. The choice of productions is wide and varied and in 2012 included works by William Shakespeare, Martin McDonagh,  Alan Ayckbourn, Alan Bennett and Arthur Miller.

Alan Bennett
Alan Bennett (born 9 May 1934) is an English playwright, author, actor and screenwriter. He has received numerous awards and honours including four BAFTA Awards, four Laurence Olivier Awards, and two Tony Awards. In 2005 he received the Society of London Theatre Special Award.

Bennett was born in Leeds and attended Oxford University. He taught medieval history at the university for several years. His work in the satirical revue Beyond the Fringe at the 1960 Edinburgh Festival brought him instant fame and later a Special Tony Award. He turned to writing full time and gained acclaim with his plays at the Royal National Theatre. The following plays were  adapted into films: The Madness of King George (1994), The History Boys (2006), and The Lady in the Van (2015).
Portrait of Ivan Pavlov (Nesterov, 1930)
Portrait of Ivan Pavlov is an oil painting executed on canvas in 1930 by the Russian artist Mikhail Nesterov. It is in the collection of the Russian State Museum, in St Petersburg.

Ivan Pavlov was an acclaimed Russian physiologist known primarily for his work on classical conditioning, during which he developed the concept of the conditioned reflex. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1904.

Although friends in the scientific community had tried unsuccessfully for several years to persuade Nesterov to paint the great man, when Nesterov met him in person he was instantly determined to create a portrait. He painted him working in the verandah of his house at Koltushi scientific “village” after which the work was acquired by the Institute of Experimental Medicine in St Petersburg at which Pavlov was head of the Physiology Department.

Nesterov later presented Pavlov with a duplicate copy of the painting, after which the original was donated to the Russian State Museum.

Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Петрович Павлов, IPA: [ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf] ⓘ; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1849 – 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Pavlov also conducted significant research on the physiology of digestion, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904.
2012–13 2. Liga (Slovakia)
The 2012–13 2. Liga (Slovakia) season was the 20th season of the second tier 2. Liga annual football tournament in Slovakia, since its establishment in 1993.

Twelve teams compete in the league, with bottom two sides being relegated to the Slovak third level.

3. Liga (Slovakia)
The 3. Liga (known as TIPOS III. Liga due to sponsorship reasons) is the third-tier football league in Slovakia, established in 1993. As of the 2025–26 season, it comprises 43 teams divided into three geographical groups: 3. liga Západ (West) , 3. Liga Stredný (Middle) and 3. liga Východ (East). The league operates under the jurisdiction of the Slovak Football Association and serves as a feeder league to the 2. Liga, with top-performing teams earning promotion. Conversely, teams finishing at the bottom face relegation to the 4. Liga. The league also provides teams the opportunity to compete in the national Slovak Cup.
David Fernández Borbalán
David Fernández Borbalán (born 30 May 1973) is a retired Spanish football referee. His first match officiating in La Liga was on 12 September 2004, between Levante UD and Racing de Santander.
Borbalán also refereed a key match in Synot liga season 2014–15 between AC Sparta Prague and FC Viktoria Plzeň on 9 May 2015.

He was chosen, upon validation from FIFA, to referee the 2018 Greek Cup Final between AEK and PAOK at the Olympic Stadium in Athens, amidst concerns over supporter riots and violence during the game and despite protests by Greek football chairmen and refereeing bodies over the appointment of non-Greek officials. Two weeks later, he took charge of his final La Liga fixture, a 1–0 win for RCD Espanyol over Athletic Bilbao at San Mamés in a match which meant little to the fortunes of the teams involved but was played at a venue specified as being preferred by the referee for his last appointment.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.
Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".

Lithuanians
Lithuanians (Lithuanian: lietuviai) are a Baltic ethnic group. They are native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,378,118 people. Another two million make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Brazil and Canada. Their native language is Lithuanian, one of only two surviving members of the Baltic language family along with Latvian. According to the census conducted in 2021, 84.6% of the population of Lithuania identified themselves as Lithuanians. Most Lithuanians belong to the Catholic Church, while the Lietuvininkai who lived in the northern part of East Prussia prior to World War II, were mostly Lutherans.
Junggar oil fields
The Junggar or Dzungaria oil fields (Chinese: 準噶爾油田) are the oil and gas fields of northern Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China.  They include the Karamay oil field in Karamay that started production in 1955.

The Junggar oil fields are one of the three largest oil fields in Xinjiang, the other two being the Tuha in the Turpan and Hami Basins, and the Tarim oil fields in the Tarim Basin. The Junggar fields include such oil fields as:

Karamay oil field

Mahe oil field (瑪河油田)

Karamay
Karamay (also spelled Karamai) is a prefecture-level city in the north of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is surrounded on all sides by Tacheng Prefecture. The name of the city comes from the Uyghur language and means "black oil", referring to the oil fields near the city.

Karamay was the site of one of the worst disasters in modern Chinese history, the 1994 Karamay fire, when 324 people, including 288 school children, lost their lives in a cinema fire on 8 December 1994.
1795 United States Senate special election in Delaware
The 1795 United States Senate special election in Delaware was held on March 16, 1795. Former Senator George Read had resigned to take the position of Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court. Henry Latimer defeated the former governor of Delaware, governor of Pennsylvania and Continental Congressman John Dickinson from Delaware and Pennsylvania by one vote.

Henry Latimer (politician)
Henry Latimer (April 24, 1752 – December 19, 1819) was an American physician and politician from Newport, Delaware. He was elected to the Continental Congress from Delaware, and was a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as U.S. Representative from Delaware, and U.S. Senator from Delaware.
Joe Scotland
Joe "Old Forty-Five" Scotland (August 18, 1882 – May 10, 1923) was an American baseball center fielder in the Negro leagues. He played from 1914 to 1919 with the Indianapolis ABCs, Louisville White Sox, Chicago Union Giants, and the Indianapolis Jewell's ABCs.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.