hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John W. Snow
John William Snow (born August 2, 1939) is an American economist, attorney, and businessman who is the former CEO of CSX Corporation and served as the 73rd United States secretary of the treasury under U.S. President George W. Bush. He replaced Secretary Paul H. O'Neill on February 3, 2003, and was succeeded by Henry Paulson on July 3, 2006. Snow submitted a letter of resignation on May 30, 2006, effective "after an orderly transition period for my successor." Snow announced on June 29, 2006, that he had completed his last day on the job; Robert M. Kimmitt served as acting secretary until Paulson was sworn in. Snow has since worked as chairman of Cerberus Capital Management.

Business Roundtable
The Business Roundtable (BRT) is a nonprofit lobbyist association based in Washington, D.C. whose members are chief executive officers of major U.S. companies. Unlike the United States Chamber of Commerce, whose members are entire businesses, BRT members are exclusively CEOs. The BRT lobbies for public policy that is favorable to business interests, such as lowering corporate taxes in the U.S. and internationally, as well as international trade policy like the North American Free Trade Agreement.

In 2019, the BRT redefined its definition of the purpose of a corporation as participating in stakeholder capitalism, putting the interests of employees, customers, suppliers, and communities on par with shareholders. The BRT's board members include, as of 2024, chair Chuck Robbins of Cisco (CEO); former White House chief of staff Joshua Bolten; Mary Barra of General Motors; Tim Cook of Apple; and Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan Chase.
Asō cabinet
The Asō Cabinet governed Japan from 24 September 2008 to 16 September 2009 by Prime Minister Tarō Asō after his predecessor Yasuo Fukuda resigned.

The cabinet resigned after a year in office following the defeat in the 2009 general election, which the opposition Democratic Party won a majority in the House of Representatives.

Shōichi Nakagawa
Shōichi Nakagawa (中川 昭一, Nakagawa Shōichi; 19 July 1953 – 3 October 2009) was a Japanese conservative politician in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), who served as Minister of Finance from 24 September 2008 to 17 February 2009. He previously held the posts of Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in the cabinet of Junichiro Koizumi. He was regarded as one of Japan's most attractive public figures. On 4 October 2009, he was found dead in his Tokyo apartment. The cause of his death is yet to be determined; although no suicide note was found, there was also no indication of foul play.
Tercüman Building
The Tercüman Building (Tercüman Newspaper Printing and Administration Facilities) was a building in the Zeytinburnu district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was built in 1974 on the State road D.100 by Tercüman newspaper.

It was an iconic building that has played an important part in 20th-century Turkish architecture narratives with its unorthodox form. The building was designed by Günay Çilingiroğlu and Muhlis Tunca, and its static project was designed by Rasin Etiman. The building had different owners throughout the years. In 2023, due to an earthquake risk, it was demolished through the decision of the property owners.

State road D.100 (Turkey)
D.100, in public known as E-5, is a west-to-east state road in Turkey. It starts at Kapıkule, the Bulgarian border check point, and ends in Gürbulak, the Iranian border check point. Running all the way from west to east, it crosses most of the north-to-south state roads, including the D.650, D.750, D.850 and D.950.

Road can be joint into European Route E-80, publicly known as TEM Road.

Road name was Changed in 1992 as D.100 but in public road still calls E-5. But today E-5 Roads cover Scotland-Spain.
Gilman station
Gilman station is an Amtrak intercity train station in Gilman, Illinois, United States. The stop is on their Illini and Saluki route.

Service began at Gilman on October 26, 1986, when the Illini began stopping there. It was the first passenger service at Gilman since the creation of Amtrak on May 1, 1971. The northbound City of New Orleans also served Gilman until November 10, 1996.: 105  The previous railroad station in Gilman was in the center of the city, located at the diamond junction between Illinois Central's main line to New Orleans and the Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway (TP&W). The northwest quadrant of the junction contained the Illinois Central's main line to Springfield and St Louis, which split with the New Orleans main line just north of the station. The station building is still standing and is used by the Canadian National Railway's engineering department.

Level junction
A level junction (or in the United Kingdom a flat crossing) is a railway junction that has a track configuration in which merging or crossing railroad lines provide track connections with each other that require trains to cross over in front of opposing traffic at grade (i.e. on the level).

The cross-over structure is sometimes called a diamond junction or diamond crossing in reference to the diamond-shaped center. The two tracks need not necessarily be of the same gauge.
A diamond crossing is also used as a component of a double junction, like the one illustrated on the right.

The opposite of a level junction is a flying junction, where individual tracks rise or fall to pass over or under other tracks.
Cumulate rock
Cumulate rocks are igneous rocks formed by the accumulation of crystals from a magma either by settling or floating. Cumulate rocks are named according to their texture; cumulate texture is diagnostic of the conditions of formation of this group of igneous rocks. Cumulates can be deposited on top of other older cumulates of different composition and colour, typically giving the cumulate rock a layered or banded appearance.

Feldspar
Feldspar (/ˈfɛl(d).ˌspɑːr/ FEL(D)-spar; sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the alkali (potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.

Feldspars crystallize from magma as both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspars are also found in many types of sedimentary rocks.
Sub transmission
A sub transmission for automotive transmission mechanics is an extra manual or automatic transmission that is independent of the main transmission. In a four-wheel drive vehicle, an extra gear stick is often provided to transfer torque when needed and to put the vehicle into low range. Sub transmissions are used in a few motorcycles, such as the Honda CB900C and the Honda CT110. In the Mitsubishi Cordia, a Super Shift 4x2 sub transmission was adopted, doubling the number of 4-speed main transmission gears.

Transmission (mechanical device)
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device invented by Louis Renault (who founded Renault) which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication or reduction, in a machine.

A transmission can have a single, or fixed, gear ratio or it can have variable ratios; a variable-ratio transmission can have multiple discrete gear ratios or be continuously variable. Variable-ratio transmissions are used in many kinds of machinery, especially vehicles.
2017 ATP Lyon Open
The 2017 Lyon Open (also known as the Open Parc Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Lyon) was a men's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the Lyon Open and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2017 ATP World Tour. It took place in the city of Lyon, France, from May 21 through May 27, 2017.

Marcel Granollers
Marcel Granollers Pujol (Catalan pronunciation: [məɾˈsɛl ɣɾənuˈʎes puˈʒɔl]; Spanish: [maɾˈθel ɣɾanoˈʎeɾs puˈʝol]; born 12 April 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 1 on 6 May 2024, becoming the second Spanish man to achieve the feat (after Emilio Sánchez Vicario in 1989). He is a Grand Slam champion at the 2025 French Open and at the 2025 US Open with Horacio Zeballos. He also has a career-high singles ranking of No. 19 achieved on 23 July 2012.

Granollers has won 36 ATP titles, 4 in singles and 32 in doubles, including also the 2012 ATP World Tour Finals in doubles with compatriot Marc López. Additionally, Granollers also has 5 runner-up finishes at the 2014 French Open & 2014 US Open with López, at the 2019 US Open, at the 2021 & 2023 Wimbledon Championships with Zeballos.
Ernest Arthur Freeman
Ernest Arthur Freeman FRCS (20 September 1900 – 14 September 1975) was an English orthopaedic surgeon.

Freeman received his secondary education at Westminster City School. In the last few weeks of World War I, he was conscripted and served as a private in the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey).

Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) was a line infantry regiment of the English and later the British Army from 1661 to 1959. It was the senior English line infantry regiment of the British Army, behind only the Royal Scots in the British Army line infantry order of precedence.

In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the East Surrey Regiment, to form a single county regiment called the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment which was, on 31 December 1966, amalgamated with the Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regiment, the Royal Sussex Regiment and the Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) to form the Queen's Regiment. Following a further amalgamation in 1992 with the Royal Hampshire Regiment, the lineage of the regiment is continued today by the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires).
Chestnut-flanked white-eye
The chestnut-flanked white-eye (Zosterops erythropleurus) is a bird in the family Zosteropidae. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1863. It is found in forests, and prefers rather deep mixed and coniferous forests.

Robert Swinhoe
Robert Swinhoe FRS (1 September 1836 – 28 October 1877) was an English diplomat and naturalist who worked as a Consul in Qing-era Taiwan (then known to Westerners as Formosa). He catalogued many Southeast Asian birds, and several, such as Swinhoe's pheasant, are named after him.
John Hollway
John M. Hollway (1841 – 1907) was an English metallurgist and chemist who, in the 1870s, unsuccessfully tried out smelting and refining of copper using a converter based on the Bessemer process.

Although his attempts failed, conceding to the French engineers Pierre Manhès and Paul David, the honor of the invention of the Manhès-David process in 1880, the abundant communication he made on his failures constitute a significant contribution to the development and perfecting their process.

Refining (metallurgy)
In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal.  It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material. Refining thus increases the purity of the raw material via processing. There are many processes including pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques.
Yeading Brook Meadows
Yeading Brook Meadows is a 17 hectare Local Nature Reserve (LNR) in Yeading in the London Borough of Hillingdon. It is owned by Hillingdon Council and managed by the London Wildlife Trust (LWT). In the north it adjoins Ten Acre Wood across the Golden Bridge (over Yeading Brook) and Charville Lane; it then stretches south along the banks of the Yeading Brook to Yeading Lane. The reserve is also part of the Yeading Brook Meadows Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation, which includes two neighbouring LNRs managed by the London Wildlife Trust, Ten Acre Wood and Gutteridge Wood and Meadows.

The site is mainly grassland, with a variety of wild flowers such as the narrow-leaved water-dropwort and common spotted orchid. Invertebrates include Roesel's bush-crickets, shield bugs and skipper butterflies, and there are birds such as skylark and snipe.

There is access from a number of points including Charville Lane, Kingshill Avenue and Greenway.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council elections
Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council elections are held three years out of every four, with a third of the council elected each time. Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2004, 72 councillors have been elected from 24 wards.

Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
The Metropolitan Borough of Dudley is a metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It was created in 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972, through a merger of the existing Dudley County Borough with the municipal boroughs of Stourbridge and Halesowen.

The borough's main settlement is Dudley but it also includes the outlying towns of Brierley Hill, Halesowen, Kingswinford, Lye, Netherton, Sedgley, and Stourbridge.

The borough borders Sandwell to the east, the city of Birmingham to the south east, Bromsgrove to the south in Worcestershire, South Staffordshire District to the west, and the city of Wolverhampton to the north.
Toyota R transmission
Toyota Motor Corporation's R family is a family of 5-speed RWD/4WD transmissions built by Aisin. They share much in common (such as the bell housing-to-body bolt patterns) with the Aisin AR transmission (rebadged MA-5 by GM,  AX-15 by Jeep, and Isuzu AR5)

Bell housing
Bellhousing (also "bell-housing" or simply "bell") is a colloquial term for the component that aligns and connects the transmission of a vehicle to its engine, and which covers and protects the flywheel/clutch or flexplate/torque converter.  It derives its name from the bell-like shape that those internal components necessitate. The starter motor may mount to it, and it may support clutch and/or shifter linkage.

A bellhousing may be a separate housing bolted to the gearbox, or it may be an integral portion of the transmission housing, particularly with front wheel drive transmissions. An integral bell has a front bolt pattern that matches the engine to which it will be paired, and a divorced bell additionally has a rear bolt pattern that matches the gearbox to which it will be paired. The use of different bellhousings on a transmission allows the same transmission to be used on multiple engines in multiple applications.
Higher Town, Isles of Scilly
Higher Town (Cornish: Trewartha) is the easternmost and largest settlement on the island of St Martin's in the Isles of Scilly, England. It is situated just inland, though the more modern of the island's two quays is just south of the settlement and is named Higher Town Quay.

The town has a bakery, St Martin's Bakery, and the island's main shop and only post office.

Both of the island's churches are in Higher Town: the Church of England parish church of St Martin, and a Methodist chapel (one of two in the Isles of Scilly) which dates from about 1845. The island's fire and coastguard station is next to the parish church.

The highest elevation of the town (though not the island as a whole) is near the post office, at 32 metres (105 ft) above sea level.

Wharf
A wharf (pl. wharves or wharfs), quay (/kiː/ kee, also /keɪ, kweɪ/ k(w)ay), staith, or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths (mooring locations), and may also include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships. Wharves are often considered to be a series of docks at which boats are stationed. A marginal wharf is connected to the shore along its full length.
Phil Angelides
Phillip Nicholas Angelides /ˌændʒəˈliːdɪs/ AN-jə-LEE-dis; born June 12, 1953) is an American politician and real estate dveloper who served as the California State Treasurer from 1999 to 2007. A member of the Democratic Party, Angelides was the party's nominee for Governor of California in 2006. Angelides later served as the chair of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, which was charged with investigating the causes of the 2008 financial crisis and presenting a report on their findings to the United States Congress.

California Environmental Voters
California Environmental Voters (also called EnviroVoters), formerly the California League of Conservation Voters (CLCV), is a lobbying and educational organization which focuses on environmental issues affecting California. It is affiliated with the League of Conservation Voters, a national organization.

Organized as a 501(c)(4), the organization's mission is to protect California's environmental quality by increasing public awareness of the environmental performance of all elected officials, working to elect environmentally responsible candidates, and holding them accountable to the environmental agenda once elected.
Christian Dotremont
Christian Dotremont, (French pronunciation: [kʁistjɑ̃ dɔtʁəmɔ̃]; 12 December 1922 – 20 August 1979), was a Belgian painter and poet who was born in Tervuren, Belgium. He was a founding member of the Revolutionary Surrealist Group (1946) and he also founded COBRA together with Danish artist Asger Jorn. In this capacity he was responsible for bringing Henri Lefebvre's Critique de la vie quotidienne (1946) to the group's attention. He later became well known for his painted poems (French: Peinture mots), which he called logograms.

He died of tuberculosis in Buizingen.

Henri Lefebvre
Henri Lefebvre (/ləˈfɛvrə/ lə-FEV-rə; French: [ɑ̃ʁi ləfɛvʁ]; 16 June 1901 – 29 June 1991) was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist, best known for furthering the critique of everyday life, for introducing the concepts of the right to the city and the production of social space, and for his work on dialectical materialism, alienation, and criticism of Stalinism, existentialism, and structuralism. In his prolific career, Lefebvre wrote more than sixty books and three hundred articles. He founded or took part in the founding of several intellectual and academic journals such as Philosophies, La Revue Marxiste, Arguments, Socialisme ou Barbarie, and Espaces et Sociétés.
1973 Baltimore Colts season
The 1973 Baltimore Colts season was the 21st season for the team in the National Football League. Under first-year head coach Howard Schnellenberger, the Colts finished with a record of 4 wins and 10 losses, tied for fourth in the AFC East with the New York Jets. The Colts lost the tiebreaker to the Jets based on head-to-head sweep (0–2).

Baltimore was the only team to lose to the Houston Oilers, bowing 31–27 in week eight at home. The Oilers broke an 18-game losing streak with the victory.

Hired in February, Schnellenberger was previously the offensive coordinator with the Super Bowl champion Miami Dolphins, who went undefeated in 1972 under head coach Don Shula.

This was the first year since 1955 in which long-time quarterback Johnny Unitas was not on the Baltimore roster.

1955 Baltimore Colts season
The 1955 Baltimore Colts season was the third season for the team in the National Football League. The Baltimore Colts finished the National Football League's 1955 season with a record of 5 wins, 6 losses and 1 tie and finished fourth in the Western Conference.
1991–92 Omani League
The 1991–92 Omani League was the 18th edition of the top football league in Oman. Fanja SC were the defending champions, having won the 1990–91 Omani League season. Dhofar S.C.S.C. emerged as the champions of the 1991–92 Omani League with a total of 48 points.

Fanja SC
Fanja Sports Club (Arabic: نادي فنجاء الرياضي; known locally as Al-Malik; lit. 'The King'), known simply as Fanja, is an Omani professional sports club based in Fanja. The club currently plays in the Oman Professional League, top division of Oman Football Association. Their home ground is Al-Seeb Stadium. The stadium is government owned, but they also own their own stadium and sports equipment, as well as their own training facilities.
Yossi Abolafia
Yossi Abolafia (Hebrew: יוסי אבולעפיה; born 4 June 1944) is an Israeli writer and illustrator of children's books, as well as a graphic artist, cartoonist, director and screenwriter of animation films.

Hans Christian Andersen Award
The Hans Christian Andersen Awards are two literary awards given by the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), recognising one living author and one living illustrator for their "lasting contribution to children's literature". The writing award was first given in 1956, the illustration award in 1966. The former is sometimes called the "Nobel Prize for children's literature".

The awards are named after Hans Christian Andersen, a 19th-century Danish author of fairy tales, and each winner receives the Hans Christian Andersen Medaille (a gold medal with the bust of Andersen) and a diploma. Medals are presented at the biennial IBBY Congress.
Geert Hofstede
Gerard Hendrik (Geert) Hofstede (2 October 1928 – 12 February 2020) was a Dutch social psychologist, IBM employee, and Professor Emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and organizations.

He is best known for developing one of the earliest and most popular frameworks for measuring cultural dimensions in a global perspective. Here he described national cultures along six dimensions: power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, long term orientation, and indulgence vs. restraint. He was known for his books Culture's Consequences and Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, co-authored with his son Gert Jan Hofstede. The latter book deals with organizational culture, which is a different structure from national culture, but also has measurable dimensions, and the same research methodology is used for both.

Administrative Science Quarterly
Administrative Science Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of organizational studies. The journal was established in 1956 and is published by SAGE Publications for the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University. In 2007, it was ranked as the #16 academic journal in business by Financial Times.
Washington Exclusive
Washington Exclusive is an American news and public affairs television program broadcast on the DuMont Television Network and produced by Martha Roundtree and Lawrence Spivak, who also co-produced Meet the Press.

Martha Rountree
Martha Jane Rountree (October 23, 1911 – August 23, 1999) was an American pioneering broadcast journalist and entrepreneur. She was the creator and first moderator of a public-affairs program, first on radio as The American Mercury from June 24, 1945 to 1947, and as Meet the Press on the NBC television network from November 6, 1947 to November 1, 1953. Until Kristen Welker took over on September 17, 2023, Rountree was the only female moderator in the seven-decade history of the show.