hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009 United States federal budget
The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2009 began as a spending request submitted by President George W. Bush to the 110th Congress. The final resolution written and submitted by the 110th Congress to be forwarded to the President was approved by the House on June 5, 2008.

The government was initially funded through three temporary continuing resolutions.  Final funding for the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, and Department of Veterans Affairs was enacted on September 30, 2008 as part of the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009, while the remaining departments and agencies were funded as part of an omnibus spending bill, the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, on March 10, 2009.

Omnibus spending bill
An omnibus spending bill is a type of bill in the United States that packages many of the smaller ordinary appropriations bills into one larger single bill that can be passed with only one vote in each house of Congress. There are twelve different ordinary appropriations bills that need to be passed each year (one for each appropriations sub-committee) to fund the federal government and avoid a government shutdown. An omnibus spending bill combines two or more of those bills into a single bill.

Regular appropriations bills are typically written, debated, and passed by the House and the Senate during the summer. However, these versions can be different, especially if different parties control each chamber. The omnibus negotiating process takes place later in the year, and involves reconciling differences in the various bills so that an identical, combined appropriations bill can pass both chambers and avert a government shutdown.
Prevention of Organised Crime Act, 1998
The Prevention of Organised Crime Act (No. 121 of 1998) is a statute promulgated by the Parliament of South Africa. It introduced measures to allow prosecutors to combat organised crime, money laundering, and gang activity. It also prohibited certain types of racketeering activities and abolished money laundering and established an obligation for people to report it.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1938–1941
This is a list of members of the 28th Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1938 to 1941, as elected at the 1938 state election held on 2 April 1938.

1  On 2 March 1939, the Labor member for Charters Towers, William Wellington, died. Labor candidate Arthur Jones won the resulting by-election on 27 May 1939.

2  On 24 March 1939, the Labor member for Gregory, George Pollock, died. Independent candidate Charles Brown won the resulting by-election on 27 May 1939.

3  On 27 March 1939, the Labor member for Townsville, Maurice Hynes, died. Labor candidate George Keyatta won the resulting by-election on 27 May 1939.

4  On 31 August 1940, the Labor member for Merthyr, James Keogh, died. Labor candidate Bill Moore won the resulting by-election on 9 November 1940.

5  On 17 September 1940, the Labor member for Herbert and Deputy Premier of Queensland, Percy Pease, died. Labor candidate Stephen Theodore won the resulting by-election on 9 November 1940.

Electoral district of Merthyr
Merthyr was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1912 to 1992.

First created for the 1912 state election, the district was based in inner Brisbane centred on the suburb of New Farm, covering areas that previously belonged to the district of Fortitude Valley.

Merthyr was abolished by the 1991 redistribution, taking effect at the 1992 state election. Most of its territory was absorbed into the electorate of Brisbane Central with parts also added to the new district of Clayfield.
Menegazzia tenuis
Menegazzia tenuis is a species of foliose lichen found in southern South America. It was formally described as a new species in 1942 by Swedish lichenologist Rolf Santesson. The type specimen was collected from Puerto Angosto (Desolación Island, Chile) The lichen contains atranorin, lichesterinic acid, and protolichesterinic acid as major lichen products.

Protolichesterinic acid
Protolichesterinic acid is a naturally occurring γ-lactone compound found in various lichen species. Its structure consists of a combination of a lactone ring with a carboxylic acid group and a long aliphatic side chain. First isolated in the early 20th century, protolichesterinic acid has drawn scientific interest due to its diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also noted for its potential as a therapeutic agent, particularly as a selective inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, which is implicated in inflammatory diseases. Protolichesterinic acid is typically extracted from lichens such as Cetraria islandica using advanced chromatographic techniques and has been studied for its role in both natural product chemistry and pharmacology.
Nino Raspudić
Nino Raspudić (born 3 November 1975) is a Croatian conservative philosopher, writer, political analyst and member of the Croatian Parliament. He is a professor at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb and the Faculty of Humanities in Mostar. He is a columnist for the Večernji list and Nezavisne novine, and is one of the editors of the Reflex, a political show on OBN Televizija.

OBN (TV channel)
OBN (abbreviation of Open Broadcast Network) is a local television network broadcasting a TV channel in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The station is headquartered in the Pofalići neighborhood in Sarajevo.

OBN was founded in 1996 as the Open Broadcast Network by the Office of the High Representative and the European Union. It was oriented towards general news, and the international owners invested the equivalent of $20 million to contribute to OBN's development as a neutral television channel.

The station came under private ownership in 2000, when it was acquired by Ivan Ćaleta, a Croatian entrepreneur and former owner of Nova TV. Later, AMC Networks International bought an 85% stake in the television. Ćaleta bought the share back from AMC Networks in November 2019, making him the sole owner of the channel once again.
Tiilikkajärvi National Park
Tiilikkajärvi National Park (Finnish: Tiilikkajärven kansallispuisto) is a national park in Finland, located both in Rautavaara, North Savo and Sotkamo, Kainuu. It was established in 1982 and covers 72 square kilometres (28 sq mi) after its expansion in 2023, making it the second largest national park in southern Finland.

The Tiilikkajärvi lake is a barren 400 ha (1.5 mi2) lake with beaches all around it, split in the middle by esker capes.

North Savo
North Savo (or Northern Savonia; Finnish: Pohjois-Savo; Swedish: Norra Savolax) is a region in eastern Finland. It borders the regions of South Savo, Central Finland, North Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, and North Karelia. Kuopio is the largest city in the region and Lake Kallavesi is the largest lake in the region.

The region's traditional food is a fish and bacon filling pie called Kalakukko.
Sonja Steinacher
Sonja Steinacher (born August 16, 1975 in Brixen) is a luger from Verdings/Klausen in South Tyrol who has competed for Italy since 1995. A natural track luger, she won five medals at the FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships with four medals in women's singles (Gold: 2001, 2003; Silver: 2000, Bronze: 1998) and a gold in the mixed team event (2003).

Steinacher also won three medals in the women's singles event at the FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships with one gold (1999 and two bronzes (1997, 2002).

FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships 2001
The FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships 2001 took place in Stein an der Enns, Austria. This marked the first time the championships were held in consecutive years since the first two championships were held in 1979 and 1980.  The mixed team event was added to these championships.
Midtbø
Midtbø is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Halvor Midtbø (1883–1985), Norwegian priest and temperance activist

Magnus Midtbø (born 1988), Norwegian climber

Magnus Midtbø (politician) (1942–2010), Norwegian trade unionist and politician

Magnus Midtbø
Magnus Rognan Midtbø (born 18 September 1988) is a Norwegian rock climber, former competition climber, and YouTube video blogger. He was born in Bergen, Norway. He retired from competition climbing in 2017.
Portage Public Schools
Portage Public Schools is a public school district in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. It serves most of Portage and parts of Kalamazoo, Pavilion Township, and Texas Township. Both high schools in the district are certified International Baccalaureate schools.

Texas Charter Township, Michigan
Texas Charter Township is a charter township in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 17,691, up from 14,697 at the 2010 census. It encompasses the entire portion of the survey township T3S R12W.

The Texas Township Campus of Kalamazoo Valley Community College is located on the southern side of West O Avenue, just east of 8th Street South.
Central Oklahoma
Central Oklahoma is the geographical name for the central region of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is also known by the Oklahoma Department of Tourism designation, Frontier Country, defined as the 12-county region including Canadian, Grady, Logan, Oklahoma, Cleveland, McClain, Payne, Lincoln, Pottawatomie, Seminole, Okfuskee, and Hughes counties.

Central Oklahoma is dominated by the largest urban area in the state, the Greater Oklahoma City area. Oklahoma City is the political, economic, tourism, commercial, industrial, financial, and geographical hub of the state, as well as being its primary cultural center. The only Central Oklahoma city which is not officially considered a suburb of Oklahoma City is Stillwater, Oklahoma.

Seminole County, Oklahoma
Seminole County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,556. Its county seat is Wewoka. Most of the county was a reservation for the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma which still retains jurisdiction over some land in the county. A small portion of land at the eastern end of the county belonged to the Muscogee (Creek) Nation.

Seminole County is notable for the Greater Seminole Field, one of the most important oil fields ever found, which is still producing. It extends into nearby counties. In the early years of the oil boom, workers and adventurers flooded into the county, rapidly tripling the population. As oil production later declined, jobs and residents left.
Africa Cup Baseball Championship
The Africa Cup Baseball Championship is the main international baseball competition in Africa. The Africa Cup Baseball Championship has not been played with the frequency, regularity, or history of the European Championship, Asian Championship or South American Championship. Instead, it has been more irregular, like the Oceania Championship. Contintental tournaments were also held at the All-Africa Games in 1999 and 2003.

Asian Baseball Championship
The Asian Baseball Championship is the main championship tournament between national baseball teams in Asia, governed by the Baseball Federation of Asia (BFA). It is held every other year in odd-numbered years and since 1983 it also functions as the qualification games for the Baseball at the Summer Olympics if the event year is exactly one year before the Olympics. In even-numbered years, the Asian Baseball Cup is held, to determine two qualifiers — one from the Eastern Division and one from the Western Division — to join teams from China, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. The competition has been dominated by teams from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
Islam and war
From the time of Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam, many Muslim states and empires have been involved in warfare. The concept of Jihad, the religious duty to struggle, has long been associated with struggles for promoting a religion, although some observers refer to such struggle as "the lesser jihad" by comparison with inner spiritual striving. Islamic jurisprudence on war differentiates between illegitimate and legitimate warfare and prescribes proper and improper conduct by combatants. Numerous conquest wars as well as armed anti-colonial military campaigns were waged as jihads.

Invasions of Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a mountainous landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Some of the invaders in the history of Afghanistan include the Maurya Empire, the ancient Macedonian Empire of Alexander the Great, the Rashidun Caliphate, the Mongol Empire led by Genghis Khan, the Ghaznavid Empire of Turkic Mahmud of Ghazni, the Ghurid Dynasty of Muhammad of Ghor the Timurid Empire of Timur, the Mughal Empire, various Persian Empires, the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and most recently the United States with a number of allies. A reduced number of NATO troops remained in the country in support of the government. Just prior to the American withdrawal in 2021, the Taliban regained control of the capital Kabul and most of the country. They changed Afghanistan's official name to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
Borne, Myślibórz County
Borne [ˈbɔrnɛ] (German Borne) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Dębno, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Dębno, 16 km (10 mi) south of Myślibórz, and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

The settlement has a population of four.

Myślibórz County
Myślibórz County (Polish: powiat myśliborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (a voivodeship, or province that is found in northwestern Poland along the German border). It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Myślibórz, which lies 57 kilometres (35 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Barlinek, lying 24 km (15 mi) east of Myślibórz, and Dębno, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Myślibórz.

The county covers an area of 1,181.95 square kilometres (456.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 67,412, out of which the population of Barlinek is 14,156, that of Dębno is 13,903, that of Myślibórz is 11,867, and the rural population is 27,486.
National Anthem of the Ancient Britons
"National Anthem of the Ancient Britons", also known as "Woad" or "The Woad Ode", is a humorous song, set to the tune of "Men of Harlech".  It first became popular in the 1920s as a song in the British Boy Scouts and appeared in The Hackney Scout Song Book (Stacy & Son Ltd, 1921). The author was William Hope-Jones, a housemaster at Eton, who wrote it some time before 1914, as he sang it at a college dinner at that time.  "Ho Jo" appears in M. R. James' 1928 ghost story "Wailing Well", in which a group of masters take the Eton Scout Troop on an ill-fated camping expedition. The song recounts the ancient British tradition of fighting naked, dyed with woad. It has also been known as "The Woad Song" and "Woad of Harlech".

Wailing Well
"Wailing Well" is a ghost story by the English writer M. R. James, written in 1927 and first published in 1928 as a standalone volume with a limited print run. In 1931, it was collected in James' book The Collected Ghost Stories of M. R. James. Set in Worbarrow Bay, the story concerns a Scout troop who run afoul of a field haunted by vampiric ghosts. The story has been adapted several times, including radio productions for the BBC Home Service and BBC Radio 4 and a television episode for BBC2.
Anotherland
Anotherland is a 2008 album by New Zealand singer-songwriter Dave Dobbyn. It was recorded in England with producer Adrian Sherwood and musician 'Little Axe' Skip McDonald. The album debuted at number 2 on the New Zealand Music Charts and was later certified Gold.

Adrian Sherwood
Adrian Maxwell Sherwood (born 20 January 1958) is an English record producer specialising in the genre of dub music. He has created a distinctive production style based on the application of dub effects and dub mixing techniques to other forms of electronic dance music and popular music outside of the genre. Adrian has been credited as a pioneer in the emerging genre of reggae-EDM. He has worked extensively with a variety of reggae artists as well as the musicians Keith LeBlanc, Doug Wimbish and Skip McDonald. Sherwood has remixed tracks by Coldcut, Depeche Mode, the Woodentops, Primal Scream, Pop Will Eat Itself, Sinéad O'Connor, and Skinny Puppy. In his role as a record producer, he has worked with a variety of record labels; however, his best-known label is On-U Sound Records which he founded in 1979. Sherwood has been a member of the band Tackhead. He considers himself tone deaf, and focuses on making sounds and noises rather than melody.
Henry C. Whitman
Henry C. Whitman (1819 – Aug. 21, 1889) was a member of the Ohio Supreme Court Commission of 1876, appointed from Hamilton County, Ohio to address an overage of Ohio Supreme Court cases.

Whitman, a Democrat, had run for a seat on the Court in 1859, but was defeated by Republican William Y. Gholson.

Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes appointed Whitman to the Commission on February 2, 1876, along with five other members. They served until the Commission was disbanded, in 1879.

An 1889 obituary of Whitman said that "he was the young associate and friend of the great legal stars that clustered there a third of a century ago, comprising Thomas Ewing, Sr., Hocking Hunter, and Henry Stanberry. He was a personal acquaintance and admirer of Henry Clay and had a legal acquaintance with Edwin M. Stanton, and was the intimate friend of Judge Allen G. Thurman. In fact, few men were better known than he to the Ohio bar during his early manhood".

Supreme Court of Ohio
The Supreme Court of the State of Ohio is the highest court in the U.S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. The court has seven members, a chief justice and six associate justices, who are elected at large by the voters of Ohio for six-year terms. The court has a total of 1,550 other employees. Since 2004, the court has met in the Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center (formerly known as the Ohio Departments Building) on the east bank of the Scioto River in Downtown Columbus. Prior to 2004, the court met in the James A. Rhodes State Office Tower and earlier in the Judiciary Annex (now the Senate Building) of the Ohio Statehouse.

The Ohio Supreme Court and the rest of the judiciary is established and authorized within Article IV of the Ohio Constitution.
Central Auditing Commission of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
This electoral term of the Central Auditing Commission was elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1934, and was in session until the convocation of the 18th Congress in 1939.

Term of office
A term of office, electoral term, or parliamentary term is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a defined limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a maximum number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office.
1976 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 1976 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 11th edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 12 March to 16 March 1976. The race started in Santa Marinella and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Roger De Vlaeminck of the Brooklyn team.

San Benedetto del Tronto
San Benedetto del Tronto is a city and comune in Marche, Italy. Part of an urban area with 100,000 inhabitants, it is one of the most densely populated areas along the Adriatic Sea coast. It is the most populated city in Province of Ascoli Piceno, with 47,019 (December 2024). Its port is one of the biggest on the Adriatic; it is the most important centre of Riviera of the Palms, with over 8,000 Phoenix canariensis, Washingtonia and P. sylvestris plants. San Benedetto del Tronto's economy depends on tourism, aimed above all at families.
KTGM
KTGM (channel 14, cable channel 7) is a television station in Tamuning, Guam, serving the U.S. territory as an affiliate of ABC. It is owned by Sorensen Media Group and operated by Lilly Broadcasting alongside low-power Fox affiliate KEQI-LD (channel 22). The two stations share studios on 111 Chalan Santo Papa in Hagåtña (Agana); KTGM's transmitter is located in the heights of Barigåda (Barrigada).

Tamuning, Guam
Tamuning, also known as Tamuning-Tumon-Harmon (Chamorro: Tamuneng), is a village located on the western shore of the United States territory of Guam. The village of Tamuning is the economic center of Guam, containing tourist center Tumon, Harmon Industrial Park, and other commercial districts. Its central location along Marine Corps Drive, the island's main thoroughfare, has aided in its development.

Tamuning is the site of the access roads and the old passenger terminal of Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, the passenger airport for Guam. Fort Juan Muña, in Harmon, is a facility for the Guam Army National Guard.

The present and former locations of Guam Memorial Hospital, Guam's only civilian and government operated hospital, are in Tamuning. With Guam's only private birthing center also in the village, most modern civilian births on Guam take place in Tamuning.
1980 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 1980 Special Honours in New Zealand were two Special Honours Lists, published on 1 August and 24 October, respectively, in which New Zealand's incoming and outgoing governors-general and the outgoing vice-regal consort were honoured.

Crown Honours Lists
Crown Honours Lists are lists of honours conferred upon citizens of the Commonwealth realms. The awards are presented by or in the name of the reigning monarch, currently King Charles III, or his vice-regal representative.