hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Markusbierg Tunnel
The Markusbierg tunnels are a pair of parallel tunnels, which form the most easterly section of the A13 motorway through Luxembourg, near the town of Schengen.  The tunnels are 1575 metres in length, and descend easterly, towards the German border at a 5% gradient.  The eastern end of the tunnel runs directly to a viaduct crossing the river Moselle, which forms the border with Germany.

Construction work was initiated on 15 September 1997 and the tunnels opened to public traffic on 24 July 2003, along with the rest of the A13 motorway. Total construction costs were €65m, including €15m for the installation of added security systems.

Each tunnel has regular emergency crossing points into the other, to allow escape in case of emergency.  In addition to the normal lighting of the tunnels, and because of their gradient and curve, the road edges (including the kerb) are also fully illuminated, which helps to indicate the tight radius. Support staff are located near the German border.

A13 motorway (Luxembourg)
The Autoroute 13, abbreviated to A13, is a motorway in southern Luxembourg.  It is 42.310 kilometres (26.290 mi) long and connects Pétange to Schengen, via all the largest towns in the Red Lands.  At Schengen, it reaches the German border, whereupon it meets the A8, which crosses southern Germany.
Etherpad
Etherpad (previously known as EtherPad) is an open-source, web-based collaborative real-time editor, allowing authors to simultaneously edit a text document, and see all of the participants' edits in real-time, with the ability to display each author's text in their own color. There is also a chat box in the sidebar to allow meta communication.

First launched in November 2008, the software was acquired by Google in December 2009, and released as open source later that month. Further development is coordinated by the Etherpad Foundation.

Meta (prefix)
Meta (from Ancient Greek  μετά (metá) 'after, beyond') is an adjective meaning 'more comprehensive' or 'transcending'.

In modern nomenclature, the prefix 
meta can also serve as a prefix meaning self-referential, as a field of study or endeavor (metatheory: theory about a theory; metamathematics: mathematical theories about mathematics; meta-axiomatics or meta-axiomaticity: axioms about axiomatic systems; metahumor: joking about the ways humor is expressed; etc.).
Isaiah Zeldin
Isaiah Zeldin (Hebrew: ישעיהו זלדין, romanized: Yeshayahu Zeldin, July 11, 1920 – January 26, 2018) was an American rabbi. He was the founder of the Stephen Wise Temple, a Reform synagogue in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California.

Bel Air, Los Angeles
Bel Air is a residential neighborhood in the Westside region on the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains of Los Angeles, California, United States.

Together with Beverly Hills and Holmby Hills, Bel Air forms the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles neighborhoods. Bel Air, Beverly Hills, and the Los Angeles community of Brentwood are also known as the "three Bs".
Morris County Golf Club
The Morris County Golf Club (MCGC) is a private, members-only golf club located on 175 acres (71 ha) in the upscale Convent Station section of Morris Township, New Jersey, a suburb northwest of New York City in Morris County. It is one of the 10 founding member clubs of the New Jersey State Golf Association.

Founded in 1894, it was unique at the time in that it was established and operated by women only. The following year, MCGC became an early member of the United States Golf Association and was the first New Jersey venue to host a national championship. Two of the club's presidents have also served as United States Golf Association presidents.

New Jersey State Open
The New Jersey State Open Championship is the New Jersey state open golf tournament, open to both amateur and professional golfers. It is organized by the New Jersey State Golf Association. It has been played annually since 1921 at a variety of courses around the state. It was considered a PGA Tour event in the 1920s and 1930s.
2001 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles
Chanda Rubin and Sandrine Testud were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Rubin decided to focus on the singles tournament, while Testud decided to rest after competing on the World Group play-offs of the Fed Cup.

Janet Lee and Wynne Prakusya won the title by defeating Nicole Arendt and Caroline Vis 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

Caroline Vis
Caroline Vis (born 4 March 1970) is a former tennis player from the Netherlands.

Vis turned professional in 1989. A doubles specialist, Vis won nine titles on the WTA Tour during her career. She reached the mixed-doubles final at the 1991 French Open, playing with compatriot Paul Haarhuis. Her career-high doubles ranking is No. 9 in the world, which she reached in August 1998. Vis retired from tennis in 2006.
Ubari Landscape Conservation Area
Ubari Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park which is located in Harju County, Estonia.

The area of the nature park is 59 ha.

The protected area was founded in 2005 to protect North Estonia Klint and broadleaved forest communities in Jõelähtme Parish (Kaberneeme and Haapse village).

Baltic Klint
The Baltic Klint (Clint, Glint; Estonian: Balti klint, Swedish: Baltiska klinten, Russian: Балтийско-Ладожский уступ, Глинт) is an erosional limestone escarpment and cuesta on several islands of the Baltic Sea, in Estonia, in Leningrad Oblast of Russia and in the islands of Gotland and Öland of Sweden. It was featured on the reverse of the 50 krooni note of 1928 and on the 100 krooni note of 1992.

The Baltic Klint is active landform showing some retreat in the present. However it is not known to which degree the Baltic Klint originated in postglacial time or if it evolved from cliff-like forms sculpted by the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. In Gotland 20th century cliff retreat rates have been estimated at 0.15 to 0.78 cm/year. Retreat of the Baltic Klint in Gotland has widened shore platforms.
Vitaka Rodríguez
Viktor "Vitaka" Rodríguez Villar (born 6 August 1987) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Santa Úrsula.

Naturally left-footed, he plays mainly as an attacking midfielder; he can, however, also operate in other positions, such as winger or second striker. He is well known for his ability to create goal scoring situations.

Kozani F.C.
Kozani Football Club (Greek: Φ.Σ. Κοζάνη) is a Greek football club from Kozani, Greece. The club was founded in April 1964 in Kozani, Greece following the merger between Makedonikos (founded in 1928) and Olympiakos Kozanis (founded in 1928) and since then it has won the Delta Ethniki a record 5 times. The club plays in Gamma Ethniki, the third tier of Greek football.
São Matias, Goa
São Mathias also known as Malar is a village on Divar Island, Tiswadi or Ilhas, in the Indian state of Goa. The island is located 10 km upriver from Panjim.

A ferry connects São Mathias to the island village of Vanxim; also part of the São Mathias Panchayat. The Konkan Railway passes through São Mathias, the nearest stop on the mainland is the train station at Carambolim. Ferry Connection from Narva to Narva- Bicholim, also Ferry Connection from the Island to Old Goa, and Ribandar.

São Matias is surrounded by Piedade and Panjim towards west, Ponda towards East, Margão Taluk towards South. This Place is in the border of the North Goa District and South Goa District. It is near to Arabian Sea so there is a chance of humidity in the weather.

The São Mathias Church was built by the Portuguese over 400 years ago. The St Mathias Sports Club is situated on the main road of the village.

Konkan Railway zone
The Konkan Railway (abbreviated KR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India with its headquarters at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Konkan Railway line from Roha to Thokur is operated and maintained by Konkan Railway corporation (KRCL).  The first passenger train ran on Konkan railway tracks on 20 March 1993, between Udupi and Mangalore. During its initial years of operation in the mountainous Konkan region, a number of accidents prompted Konkan Railway to implement new technology. Anti-collision devices, the Sky Bus and roll-on/roll-off are several of the railway's innovations.  The 756.25 km (469.91 mi) long railway line connects the states of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. The first train on the completed track was sent off on 26 January 1998.
2013–14 Liga IV
The 2013–14 Liga IV was the 72nd season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off match played on a neutral venue. The winners of the play-off matches promoted to Liga III.

Liga IV
Liga IV is the fourth level of the Romanian football league system and is run in all 41 counties and in the Municipality of Bucharest. It was known as the Regional Championship, County Championship, Divizia C – County Phase and Divizia D. Its name was changed into Liga IV before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Sphingobacterium kitahiroshimense
Sphingobacterium kitahiroshimense is a Gram-negative, exopolysaccharide-degrading, strictly aerobic and chemoheterotrophic bacterium from the genus Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from the city Kitahiroshima on Japan.

Extracellular polymeric substance
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. EPS establish the functional and structural integrity of biofilms, and are considered the fundamental component that determines the physicochemical properties of a biofilm. EPS in the matrix of biofilms provides compositional support and protection of microbial communities from the harsh environments. Components of EPS can be of different classes of polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, and minerals.
Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science (1957)—originally published in 1952 as In the Name of Science: An Entertaining Survey of the High Priests and Cultists of Science, Past and Present—was Martin Gardner's second book. A survey of what it described as pseudosciences and cult beliefs, it became a founding document in the nascent scientific skepticism movement. Michael Shermer said of it: "Modern skepticism has developed into a science-based movement, beginning with Martin Gardner's 1952 classic".

The book debunks what it characterises as pseudoscience and the pseudo-scientists who propagate it.

Bates method
The Bates method is an ineffective and potentially dangerous alternative therapy aimed at improving eyesight. Eye-care physician William Horatio Bates (1860–1931) held the erroneous belief that the extraocular muscles produced changes in focus and that "mental strain" caused abnormal action of these muscles; hence he believed that relieving such "strain" would cure  defective vision. In 1952, optometry professor Elwin Marg wrote of Bates, "Most of his claims and almost all of his theories have been considered false by practically all visual scientists."

No type of training has been shown to change the refractive power of the eye. Moreover, certain aspects of the Bates method can put its followers at risk: They may damage their eyes through overexposure to sunlight, not wear their corrective lenses when they need them (e.g., while driving), or neglect conventional eye care, possibly allowing serious conditions to develop.
Oleksandr Usyk vs. Daniel Dubois II
Oleksandr Usyk vs. Daniel Dubois II, billed as Undisputed, was a professional boxing match contested on 19 July 2025 at Wembley Stadium, London, between Oleksandr Usyk and Daniel Dubois for the undisputed heavyweight championship. Usyk won via a 5th round knockout, regaining the undisputed title he first held from May to June 2024, becoming only the second two-time undisputed heavyweight champion since Muhammad Ali.

The fight was a rematch of their first bout on 26 August 2023 at Stadion Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland, in which Usyk had defeated Dubois via knockout in the 9th round. Due to his performance and record, Usyk was described as the greatest heavyweight boxer of his generation, with comparisons of Usyk to the all time greatest in the sport, notably Ali.

As a Ukrainian boxer, Usyk's support for the Ukrainian people during the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine was a feature of the fight.

Anthony Joshua
Anthony Oluwafemi Olaseni "AJ" Joshua (born 15 October 1989) is a British professional boxer. He held the unified heavyweight championship twice between 2017 and 2021. He also held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) title during his reigns as champion. At regional level, he held the British and Commonwealth heavyweight titles from 2015 to 2016.

As an amateur, Joshua represented England at the 2011 World Championships, winning the super-heavyweight silver medal. He also represented Great Britain at the 2012 Olympics, winning gold. In 2014, a year after turning professional, he was named Prospect of the Year by The Ring magazine.

In 2017, his victorious fight against Wladimir Klitschko was named Fight of the Year by The Ring and the Boxing Writers Association of America.
Glossary of scientific naming
This is a list of terms and symbols used in scientific names for organisms, and in describing the names. For proper parts of the names themselves, see List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names. Many of the abbreviations are used with or without a stop.

Paratype
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). Often there is more than one paratype. Paratypes are usually held in museum research collections.

The exact meaning of the term paratype when it is used in zoology is not the same as the meaning when it is used in botany. In both cases however, this term is used in conjunction with holotype.
Herkimer Home State Historic Site
Herkimer Home State Historic Site is a historic house museum in Herkimer County, New York, United States. Herkimer Home is in the north part of the Town of Danube, south of the Mohawk River.

The home was built in 1764 by Nicholas Herkimer, who died there in 1777 from wounds suffered in the Battle of Oriskany. He is also buried there.  In 1834, the house was owned by Nicholas Herkimer's nephew, John Herkimer.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Slopping out
Slopping out is the manual emptying of human waste when prison cells are unlocked in the morning. Inmates without a flush toilet in the cell have to use other means (formerly a chamber pot, then a bucket, now often a chemical toilet) while locked in during the night. The reason that some cells do not have toilets is that they date from the Victorian era and were therefore not designed with plumbing. As a result, there is no space in which to put a toilet, together with the expense and difficulty of installing the necessary pipes.

Prison cell
A prison cell (also known as a jail cell) is a small room in a prison or police station where a prisoner is held. Cells greatly vary by their furnishings, hygienic services, and cleanliness, both across countries and based on the level of punishment to which the prisoner being held has been sentenced. Cells can be occupied by one or multiple prisoners depending on factors that include, but are not limited to, inmate population, facility size, resources, or inmate behavior.
Joseph Stockton
Joseph A. Stockton (1779–1832) was a prominent Presbyterian minister in Western Pennsylvania. He founded Meadville Academy, which later became Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania.  He was also President of University of Pittsburgh.

Meadville, Pennsylvania
Meadville is a city in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 13,050 at the 2020 census. The first permanent settlement in Northwestern Pennsylvania, Meadville is within 40 miles (64 km) of Erie and within 90 miles (140 km) of Pittsburgh. It is the principal city of the  Meadville micropolitan area, as well as part of the larger Erie–Meadville combined statistical area.
AD Fundão
Associação Desportiva do Fundão is a sports club based in the city of Fundão, Portugal. The futsal team of Fundão plays in the Portuguese Futsal First Division and won the 2013-14 Portuguese Futsal Cup beating SL Benfica 7–6 in extra time. The club formerly fielded a football team whose highest success was a 13th place in the fourth tier Terceira Divisão during the 1985–86 season.

Taça de Portugal de Futsal
The Taça de Portugal de Futsal (English: Portuguese Futsal Cup) is the main Portuguese national futsal knock-out competition. It has been played yearly since 1997 and is organized by the Portuguese Football Federation. The current holders of the competition are Sporting, who won their tenth title.
Veeder Farmhouse No. 1
Veeder Farmhouse #1 is a historic home located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York.  It was built about 1830 and is a two-story frame building on a cut stone foundation in the Greek Revival style. There is a 1+1⁄2-story rear ell.  It features a recessed center entrance with sidelights and transom. It is a "sister" house to the Veeder Farmhouse No. 2.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Cury
Cury (Cornish: Egloskuri) is a civil parish and village in southwest Cornwall,  England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately four miles (6 km) south of Helston on The Lizard peninsula. The parish is named for St Corentin and is recorded in the Domesday Book as Chori.

Corentin of Quimper
Corentin of Quimper (Corentinus; in Breton, Kaourintin) (d. 460 AD) is a Breton saint. He was the first bishop of Quimper. Corentin was a hermit at Plomodiern and was regarded as one of the seven founding saints of Brittany. He is the patron saint of Cornouaille, Brittany, and is also the patron saint of seafood. His feast day is December 12.
1963 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1963 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 75th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 27 January 1963. The championship began on 7 April 1963 and ended on 29 September 1963.

Glen Rovers were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by University College Cork in the first round.

On 29 September 1963, University College Cork won the championship following a 4–17 to 5–6 defeat of Blackrock in the final. This was their first championship title.

Mossie Finn from the St. Finbarr's club was the championship's top scorer with 4–15.

Blackrock National Hurling Club
Blackrock National Hurling Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club located on the southside of Cork City, Ireland. The club was founded in 1883 and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling. No other Cork-based GAA club has won more Senior County Hurling titles or All-Ireland Club Championships. The club is sometimes known as 'The Rockies'.
In Love with Love (film)
In Love with Love is a surviving 1924 American silent comedy film directed by Rowland V. Lee and produced and distributed by the Fox Film Corporation. It starred Marguerite De La Motte. The film is based on the 1923 Broadway play In Love with Love by Vincent Lawrence which starred Lynn Fontanne, Henry Hull, and Ralph Morgan.

Ralph Morgan
Raphael Kuhner Wuppermann (July 6, 1883 – June 11, 1956), known professionally as Ralph Morgan, was a Hollywood stage and film character actor, and union activist. He was a brother of actor Frank Morgan as well as the father of actress Claudia Morgan.
Al-Isfahani
The name Al-Isfahani is a nisba indicating someone from the city of Isfahan, Iran.

People with this name include:

Hamza al-Isfahani (d. 961), Persian historian

Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani (d. 967), Arab historian and author of Kitāb al-Aghānī

Abu Bakr al-Isfahani (d. 908), Persian scholar in Warsh recitation

Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani (d. 1038), Shafi'i hadith scholar who wrote the most important source for the early development of Sufism

Abu al-Fath al-Isfahani, in full Abu-l-Fath Mahmud ibn Mohammed ibn Qasim ibn Fadl al-Isfahani, a 10th-century Persian mathematician

Al-Raghib al-Isfahani (d.1108/1109), an Islamic scholar

Husayni Isfahani, in full Ghiyath al-Din 'Ali ibn Amirin al-Husayni al-Isfahani, a 15th-century Persian physician and scientist from Isfahan

Imad al-Din al-Isfahani, a 12th-century historian

Jalal al-Din Muhammad al-Isfahani, a 19th-century Persian physician from Isfahan

Abu Muslim al-Isfahani, Mu'tazilite theologian, Quran commentator, and government official

Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani
Abu Nuʿaym al-Isfahani (أبـو نـعـيـم الأصـفـهـانـي; full name: Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ahmad ibn Ishāq ibn Mūsā ibn Mahrān al-Mihrānī al-Asbahānī (or al-Asfahānī) al-Ahwal al-Ash`arī al-Shāfi`ī, died 1038 CE / AH 430) was a medieval Persian Shafi'i scholar and one of the leading hadith scholars of his time. His family was an offshoot of the aristocratic House of Mihran.
Deaths in December 2019
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2019.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The seat of the Assembly is at Shimla, the capital of the state. There are 68 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved.