hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dhowa rock temple
Dhowa Rock Temple or Dowa Raja Maha Viharaya (Sinhala: දෝව රජ මහා විහාරය) is a heritage listed rock temple in Sri Lanka, located in the central mountains of the Uva Province. It is adjacent to Dhowa, a small village situated on the Badulla-Bandarawela main road (approximately 7.5 km (4.7 mi) north of Bandarawela). The temple is 210 km (130 mi) east of Colombo and 120 km (75 mi) south of Kandy.

Badulla
Badulla (Sinhala: බදුල්ල, IPA: [bəd̪ulːə]; Tamil: பதுளை,IPA: [bɐðuɭɐi̯]) is the capital and the largest city of Uva Province situated in the central hills of Sri Lanka. It is the capital city of Uva Province and the Badulla District.
Otto Mügge
Johannes Otto Conrad Mügge (4 March 1858, Hannover – 9 June 1932, Göttingen) was a German mineralogist and crystallographer.

From 1875 to 1879 he studied mathematics and sciences at the Technical University of Hannover and at the University of Göttingen. After graduation, he spent three years as an assistant to Harry Rosenbusch at the mineralogical-geological institute of the University of Heidelberg. From 1882 he worked as curator of the mineralogical and geological department at the Natural History Museum in Hamburg, and in 1886 became an associate professor at the academy in Münster. Later on, he served as a full professor at the University of Königsberg, where in 1903/04 he was named dean to the faculty of philosophy. In 1908 he relocated as a professor to the University of Göttingen.

Mügge Island, one of the Bennett Islands off the coast of Antarctica, commemorates his name.

Translation (geometry)
In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system. In a Euclidean space, any translation is an isometry.
Jaakko Kaprio
Jaakko Arthur Kaprio (born 23 April 1952) is a Finnish human geneticist. He is Professor of Genetic Epidemiology at the Department of Public Health of the University of Helsinki, where he also leads the twin study project. He was director of the Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) starting in October 2015, and ending on 31 January 2018. He formerly held a research professorship funded by the Academy of Finland for five years. He has also served as president of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco's European Chapter, the International Society for Twin Studies, and the Behavior Genetics Association.

In 2022, he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea.

Academia Europaea
The Academia Europaea is a pan-European Academy of humanities, letters, law, and sciences.
The Academia was founded in 1988 as a functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of European interests in national research agencies.
Arthur Hailey
Arthur Frederick Hailey, AE (5 April 1920 – 24 November 2004) was a British/Canadian novelist whose plot-driven storylines were set against the backdrops of various industries. His books, which include such best sellers as Hotel (1965), Airport (1968), Wheels (1971), The Moneychangers (1975), and Overload (1979), have sold 170 million copies in 38 languages.

Air Efficiency Award
The Air Efficiency Award, post-nominal letters AE for officers, was instituted in 1942. It could be awarded after ten years of meritorious service to officers, airmen and airwomen in the Auxiliary and Volunteer Air Forces of the United Kingdom and the Territorial Air Forces and Air Force Reserves of the Dominions, the Indian Empire, Burma, the Colonies and Protectorates.

The award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom on 1 April 1999, when it was superseded by the Volunteer Reserves Service Medal. The decoration is still being awarded in New Zealand, but between 1951 and 1975 it was superseded by local awards in other Dominions.

In Canada, the Air Efficiency Award was superseded by the Canadian Forces' Decoration in 1951.

In South Africa, it was superseded by the John Chard Medal in 1952.

In Australia, it was superseded by the National Medal in 1975.
Marley hypothesis
The Marley hypothesis is a psychological theory on how racial groups may have different perceptions of the current racism in society due to a difference in their extent of knowledge and awareness of racial history. The study hypothesizes a strong correlation between how much one knows about past racial discrimination, and how well they recognize racism in a given situation. This study is executed through social experiments, which theorizes how this behavioral pattern may arise due to members of a racial subgroup viewing racial discrimination through a social lens that has been shaped by their past attuned knowledge and understanding of racist incidents in history. Researchers of the Marley Hypothesis propose that members of minority groups, the African Americans, will have a higher understanding of racial history, while the majority group, European Americans, denies or overlooks such cases.

Self-perception theory
Self-perception theory (SPT) is an account of attitude formation developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes (when there is no previous attitude due to a lack of experience, etc.—and the emotional response is ambiguous) by observing their own behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused it. The theory is counterintuitive in nature, as the conventional wisdom is that attitudes determine behaviors. Furthermore, the theory suggests that people induce attitudes without accessing internal cognition and mood states. The person interprets their own overt behaviors rationally in the same way they attempt to explain others' behaviors.
Ernest Somers-Smith
Ernest Somers-Smith (8 November 1895 – 2 April 1950) was an English first-class cricketer whose career spanned a single week in 1921, during which he played twice for Worcestershire. He did very little in those games, making 2 and 22 against Essex at Leyton and then 2 and 7 against Derbyshire at Worcester.

He was born in Ecclesall, Sheffield and died aged 54 in Odsal, Bradford, Yorkshire. His name was registered at both birth and death as Ernest Somers Smith with no hyphen.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Charles Clarke (Surrey cricketer)
Charles Frederick Carlos Clarke (26 April 1853 – 29 January 1931) was an English first-class cricketer active 1873–90 who played for Surrey. He was born in Welton, Northamptonshire and died in Virginia Water.

Welton, Northamptonshire
Welton is a village and civil parish in the county of Northamptonshire, England. The village is located 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the nearest town Daventry. It is 13 miles (21 km) west-north west of Northampton and 9 miles (14 km) south east of Rugby. The village is 1 mile (1.6 km) off the A361 that runs between Daventry and Crick where the A5 and the M1 junction 18 gives access to the national motorway network north and south.

Welton formerly had its own railway station, but today, the nearest railway station is at Long Buckby. The village and parish of Welton had in the 2021 census, a population of 596. For the purposes of local government, the village falls within West Northamptonshire.
Tantum ergo
"Tantum ergo" is the incipit of the last two verses of Pange lingua, a Medieval Latin hymn composed by St Thomas Aquinas circa A.D. 1264. The "Genitori genitoque" and "Procedenti ab utroque" portions are adapted from Adam of Saint Victor's sequence for Pentecost. The hymn's Latin incipit literally translates to "Therefore so great".

The singing of the Tantum ergo occurs during adoration and benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in the Catholic Church and other denominations that have this devotion. It is usually sung, though solemn recitation is sometimes done, and permitted.

Pentecost
Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christian holiday that takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles of Jesus, Mary, and other followers of the Christ, while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:1–31). Pentecost marks the "Birthday of the Church".

Pentecost is one of the Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church, a Solemnity in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, a Festival in the Lutheran Churches, and a Principal Feast in the Anglican Communion. Many Christian denominations provide a special liturgy for this holy celebration. Since its date depends on the date of Easter, Pentecost is a "moveable feast". The Monday after Pentecost is a legal holiday in many European, African and Caribbean countries.
John Aiso
John Fujio Aiso (Japanese: 相磯 藤雄, December 14, 1909 – December 29, 1987) was an American nisei military leader, lawyer and judge. Aiso was the Director and head instructor of the Military Intelligence Service Language School, and the highest-ranking Japanese American in the U.S. Army during World War II. He was also the first Japanese American appointed as a judge in the contiguous United States.

G-2 (intelligence)
G-2 refers to the military intelligence staff in the United States Army at the Divisional Level and above. The position is generally headed by a Lieutenant General.  It is contrasted with G–1 (personnel), G–3 (operations), G–4 (logistics),  G-5 (planning), G-6 (network), G-7 (training), G-8 (finance), and G-9 (civil-military operations). These "G" sections have counterparts in other branches of the service, with the U.S. Navy using an  N– designation, the U.S. Air Force using the A- designation, and the Joint Staff using the J- designation. It is the higher level function of the S-2 (intelligence) with the "S" signifying intelligence directorates at the battalion or brigade level.
Source code virus
Source code viruses are a subset of computer viruses that make modifications to source code located on an infected machine. A source file can be overwritten such that it includes a call to some malicious code. By targeting a generic programming language, such as C, source code viruses can be very portable. Source code viruses are rare, partly due to the difficulty of parsing source code programmatically, but have been reported to exist.

One such virus (W32/Induc-A) was identified by anti-virus specialist Sophos as capable of injecting itself into the source code of any Delphi program it finds on an infected computer, and then compiles itself into a finished executable.

Software portability
Software portability is a design objective for source code to be easily made to run on different platforms. An aid to portability is the generalized abstraction between the application logic and system interfaces. When software with the same functionality is produced for several computing platforms, portability is the key issue for development cost reduction.
Speakman No. 2, Mary Ann Pyle Bridge
Speakman No. 2, Mary Ann Pyle Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located at East Fallowfield Township near Modena in Chester County, Pennsylvania. It is a 75-foot-long (23 m) Burr Truss bridge, constructed in 1881. It is a twin of Speakman No. 1, located a 1/4 mile away. It crosses Buck Run.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Buck Run (West Branch Brandywine Creek tributary)
Buck Run is a tributary of West Branch Brandywine Creek in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 17.2 miles (27.7 km) long and flows through West Sadsbury Township, Sadsbury Township, Pomeroy, Highland Township, East Fallowfield Township, West Marlborough Township, and Newlin Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 48.6 square miles (126 km2). Its named tributaries include Doe Run and Birch Run. The stream's waters are slightly alkaline and contain various dissolved metals and nonmetals. Rock formations of shale, sandstone, and limestone occur in the watershed. Three covered bridges and several other bridges have been built over the stream. Additionally, a number of mills historically operated along the stream. Mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies inhabit the vicinity of the stream. Additionally, trout inhabit the stream.
Lava balloon
A lava balloon is a gas-filled bubble of lava that floats on the sea surface. It can be up to several metres in size. When it emerges from the sea, it is usually hot and often steaming. After floating for some time it fills with water and sinks again.

Lava balloons can form in lava flows entering the sea and at volcanic vents, but they are not common. They have been observed in the Azores, Canary Islands, Hawaii, Japan, Mariana Islands and Mexico. Apparently, they are generated when gases trapped within magma form large bubbles that eventually rise to the sea surface. In the Canary Islands, balloons containing sediments were used to infer the age of the basement on which the volcano is constructed; these sediments were also at first misinterpreted as evidence of an impending large explosive eruption.

Explosive eruption
In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type. A notable example is the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Such eruptions result when sufficient gas has dissolved under pressure within a viscous magma such that expelled lava violently froths into volcanic ash when pressure is suddenly lowered at the vent. Sometimes a lava plug will block the conduit to the summit, and when this occurs, eruptions are more violent. Explosive eruptions can expel as much as 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) per second of rocks, dust, gas and pyroclastic material, averaged over the duration of eruption, that travels at several hundred meters per second as high as 20 km (12 mi) into the atmosphere. This cloud may subsequently collapse, creating a fast-moving pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter.
Frédéric Vieillot
Frédéric Vieillot (born 7 September 1990) is a French football striker who is currently a free agent after being released by Troyes in 2011. During the 2010–11 season, he had a loan spell with Championnat National side Beauvais.

AS Beauvais Oise
Association Sportive Beauvais Oise (French pronunciation: [asɔsjɑsjɔ̃ spɔʁtiv bovɛ waz]; commonly referred to as AS Beauvais, ASBO, or simply Beauvais) is a French association football club based in Beauvais. The club was formed in 1945 as a result of a merger and currently play in the Championnat National 2, the fourth level of French football. Beauvais plays its home matches at the Stade Pierre Brisson located within the city.
ISGEC
Isgec Heavy Engineering Ltd (/ˈɪzdʒɛk/ IZ-jek; formerly known as Indian Sugar and General Engineering Corporation) is an Indian heavy engineering company. Established in 1933 as Saraswati Sugar Syndicate, the company held a revenue of ₹6,245 crore (US$740 million) in 2024 with exports of approximately 92 countries. It was ranked 252 in the ET 2021 listing, and 253 in the Fortune India 500 Listings.

The company deals with process equipment, EPC projects, industrial boilers, sugar plants, distilleries, mechanical and hydraulic presses, steel and iron castings, air pollution control equipment and contract manufacturing.

The company has its manufacturing plants and design offices spread across India; in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.

Hydraulic press
A hydraulic press is a machine press using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force. It uses the hydraulic equivalent of a mechanical lever, and was also known as a Bramah press after the inventor, Joseph Bramah. He invented and was issued a patent on this press in 1795. As Bramah installed toilets and developed the modern flush toilet, he studied existing literature on the motion of fluids to develop the press.
Sertoli cell tumour
A Sertoli cell tumour, also Sertoli cell tumor (US spelling), is a sex cord–gonadal stromal tumour of Sertoli cells. They can occur in the testis or ovary. They are very rare and generally peak between the ages of 35 and 50. They are typically well-differentiated and may be misdiagnosed as seminomas as they often appear very similar.

A tumor that produces both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells is known as a Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor.

Ovary
The ovary (from Latin  ōvārium 'egg') is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova; when released, an ovum travels through the fallopian tube/oviduct into the uterus. There is an ovary on the left and the right side of the body. The ovaries are endocrine glands, secreting various hormones that play a role in the menstrual cycle and fertility. The ovary progresses through many stages beginning in the prenatal period through menopause.
San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District
The San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the cities of Alamo, Blackhawk, Danville, Diablo, Camino Tassajara and San Ramon as well as southern areas of the Morgan Territory in California, United States. In all, the district is responsible for 155 square miles (400 km2) with a population of approximately 192,800.

Blackhawk, California
Blackhawk is an unincorporated planned community and census-designated place located in Contra Costa County, California, United States, east of Danville and Oakland. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 9,637. Governed by county rules/regulations and a homeowner association (HOA), Blackhawk has a country club, two golf courses, sports complex, restaurants, and the adjacent Blackhawk Plaza. 24-hour security plus additional law enforcement contracted through the Contra Costa County Sheriff's Office is provided by HOA dues. The area is covered by the San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District. The ZIP code is 94506. The community is inside area code 925. Blackhawk is known for its uniform architecture and suburban lifestyle, with the median household income being $167,875 and median home price of $1,117,500.
1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the 68th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. A then record crowd attended. The game went down in history as "famous" and a "classic". The team's relationship with the Hill 16 terrace has been traced to this day. It also marked the arrival of an indigenous Dublin team onto the national stage; previous Dublin teams had hired countrymen to fill their ranks.

1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 69th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.

Meath were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Dublin in the Leinster final.

Kerry were the winners.

Note Quarter Finals were back in the Munster championship but Clare only skipped 1 year. Limerick, not part of the championship between 1953 and 1964, were approved to host Waterford in the Quarter Final but did not play them due to a dispute over the eligibility of players.
Zhiwei Yun
Zhiwei Yun (Chinese: 恽之玮; pinyin: Yùn Zhīwěi; born September 1982) is a Chinese-born American mathematician and writer. He is a Professor of Mathematics at MIT specializing in number theory, algebraic geometry and representation theory, with a particular focus on the Langlands program.

He was previously a C. L. E. Moore instructor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 2010 to 2012, assistant professor then associate professor at Stanford University from 2012 to 2016, and professor at Yale University from 2016 to 2017.

Advances in Mathematics
Advances in Mathematics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on pure mathematics. It was established in 1961 by Gian-Carlo Rota. The journal publishes 18 issues each year, in three volumes.

At the origin, the journal aimed at publishing articles addressed to a broader "mathematical community", and not only to mathematicians in the author's field. Herbert Busemann writes, in the preface of the first issue, "The need for expository articles addressing either all mathematicians or only those in somewhat related fields has long been felt, but little has been done outside of the USSR. The serial publication Advances in Mathematics was created in response to this demand."
Severe Exposure
Severe Exposure is the second album by American band Six Finger Satellite, released in 1995 through Sub Pop. It was marked by the extensive use of synthesizers, which augmented the jittery, post-punk sound of the band's earlier releases.

A video was released for the single, "Parlour Games".

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
2022 Winston-Salem Open – Singles
Adrian Mannarino defeated Laslo Đere in the final, 7–6(7–1), 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Winston-Salem Open. Mannarino saved four match points en route to the title, in his first-round match against Christopher O'Connell.

Ilya Ivashka was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Marc-Andrea Hüsler.

Laslo Djere
Laslo Djere (born 2 June 1995) is a Serbian professional tennis player. On 10 June 2019, Djere reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 27. On 22 March 2021, he reached his career-high at world No. 346 in the doubles rankings. He is currently the No. 4 Serbian player.

He has won three ATP Tour singles titles, all on clay, one an ATP 500 event in Rio in 2019, after which he made the break-through into top 30, and at the inaugural 2020 Forte Village Sardegna Open and the 2025 Chile Open both ATP 250 events. Djere debuted on the ATP Tour at the 2013 PTT Thailand Open, where he was a wildcard. His first qualification attempt to play in the main draw at any Grand Slam was at the 2015 French Open, but his first successful attempt and main draw debut happened at the 2016 French Open. At 2018 US Open, he recorded his first Grand Slam win, defeating Leonardo Mayer in first round.