hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen
"Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen" is an African-American spiritual song that originated during the period of slavery but was not published until 1867. The song is well known and many cover versions of it have been recorded by artists such as Mahalia Jackson, Louis Armstrong, Lena Horne, Marian Anderson, Harry James, Paul Robeson, and Sam Cooke among others.

Harry James
Harry Haag James (March 15, 1916 – July 5, 1983) was an American musician who is best known as a trumpet-playing band leader who led a big band to great commercial success from 1939 to 1946. He broke up his band for a short period in 1947, but shortly after he reorganized and was active again with his band from then until his death in 1983. He was especially known among musicians for his technical proficiency as well as his tone, and was influential on new trumpet players from the late 1930s into the 1940s. He was also an actor in a number of films that usually featured his band.
Peter Calabresi
Peter Arthur Calabresi (born 1962) is an American neuroscientist and neurologist who studies multiple sclerosis. He is Professor of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, where he directs the Division of Neuroimmunology and Johns Hopkins Multiple Sclerosis Center.

Calabresi was awarded a five-year MS center grant from the National MS Society for the study of mechanisms of neurodegeneration and strategies for neuroprotection in MS.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Lesson's seedeater
Lesson's seedeater (Sporophila bouvronides) is a bird species in the family Thraupidae (formerly in Emberizidae).

It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. There is also a report in 2021 of Lesson's seedeater from Quebec.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland and heavily degraded former forest.

Emberiza
The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus Emberiza, the only genus in the family Emberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills.
Germain Prégent
Germain Prégent (19 October 1926 – 15 January 2015) was a politician and entrepreneur in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He represented the Saint-Henri neighbourhood on the Montreal city council from 1978 to 2001 and served on the Montreal executive committee (i.e., the municipal cabinet) during Pierre Bourque's administration.

Montreal City Council
The Montreal City Council (French: Conseil municipal de Montréal) is the governing body in the mayor–council government in the city of Montreal, Quebec. The head of the city government in Montreal is the mayor, who is first among equals in the city council. The council is a democratically elected institution and is the final decision-making authority in the city, although much power is centralized in the executive committee. The council consists of 65 members from all boroughs of the city. The council has jurisdiction over many matters, including public security, agreements with other governments, subsidy programs, the environment, urban planning, and a three-year capital expenditure program. The city council is also required to supervise, standardize or approve certain decisions made by the borough councils.
Adaptive Huffman coding
Adaptive Huffman coding (also called Dynamic Huffman coding) is an adaptive coding technique based on Huffman coding. It permits building the code as the symbols are being transmitted, having no initial knowledge of source distribution, that allows one-pass encoding and adaptation to changing conditions in data.

The benefit of one-pass procedure is that the source can be encoded in real time, though it becomes more sensitive to transmission errors, since just a single loss ruins the whole code, requiring error detection and correction.

Error detection and correction
In information theory and coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunications, error detection and correction (EDAC) or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels. Many communication channels are subject to channel noise, and thus errors may be introduced during transmission from the source to a receiver. Error detection techniques allow detecting such errors, while error correction enables reconstruction of the original data in many cases.
Acrodonta (lizard)
Acrodonta are a subclade of iguanian squamates a consisting almost entirely of Old world taxa. Extant representation include the families Chamaeleonidae (chameleons) and Agamidae (dragon lizards), with at least over 500 species described.  A fossil genus, Gueragama and Bharatagama, was found in Brazil. Making it the only known American representative of the group.

The group is eponymously named from their acrodont dentition, whereby the teeth are consolidated with the summit of the alveolar ridge of the jaw without sockets. There are, however, other animals that have acrodont dentition such as tuataras.

Agamidae
Agamidae is a family containing 582 species in 64 genera of iguanian lizards indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few locations in Southern Europe. Many species are commonly called dragons or dragon lizards.
Gao Rui
Gao Rui (Chinese: 高睿; pinyin: Gāo Ruì; born 20 May 1992 in Qingdao) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. He was awarded the FIDE titles of International Master in 2009 and Grandmaster in 2013.

He won the First Saturday IM tournaments of May and June 2008 in Budapest. In 2015, Gao won the Best Newcomer Award, jointly with Koswate. K.R.C.T. from Sri Lanka, at the 1st Asian University Chess Championship in Beijing.

First Saturday (chess)
First Saturday (Hungarian: Első Szombat) is a monthly chess event that has been held in Budapest, Hungary since 1992. The primary purpose of the event is to give aspiring chess players opportunities to gain FIDE title norms.
Šidák correction
In statistics, the Šidák correction, or Dunn–Šidák correction, is a method used to counteract the problem of multiple comparisons. It is a simple method to control the family-wise error rate.  When all null hypotheses are true, the method provides familywise error control that is exact for tests that are stochastically independent, conservative for tests that are positively dependent, and liberal for tests that are negatively dependent.  It is credited to a 1967 paper  by the statistician and probabilist Zbyněk Šidák. The Šidák method can be used to adjust alpha levels, p-values, or confidence intervals.

Statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.

It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.
Whitemouth Island Ecological Reserve
Whitemouth Island Ecological Reserve is an ecological reserve which is the largest island of Whitemouth Lake in Manitoba. It was established in 1999 under the Manitoba Ecological Reserves Act. It is 6.13 square kilometres (2.37 sq mi) in size. The island is the most western example of a largely undisturbed deciduous forest of the St. Lawrence - Great Lakes region in Canada. It contains eight examples of eastern deciduous plants that are considered rare in Manitoba such as Dutchman's Breeches, green adder's mouth, blue cohosh, New Jersey tea, and enchanter's nightshade.

Caulophyllum thalictroides
Caulophyllum thalictroides, the blue cohosh, is a species of flowering plant in the Berberidaceae (barberry) family. It is a medium-tall perennial with blue berry-like fruits and bluish-green foliage. The common name cohosh is probably from an Algonquian word meaning "rough". The Greek-derived genus name Caulophyllum signifies "stem-leaf", while the specific name thalictroides references the similarity between the large highly divided, multiple-compound leaves of meadow-rues (Thalictrum spp.) and those of blue cohosh.
Eliška Březinová
Eliška Březinová (born 19 February 1996) is a Czech figure skater. She is the 2022 Skate Celje champion, the 2019 EduSport Trophy champion, a two-time Four Nationals champion (2014, 2018), and a nine-time Czech national champion (2012, 2014–2016, 2018–2022). She has competed in the final segment at eight ISU Championships, including three World Championships. She represented the Czech Republic at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

2021 Four Nationals Figure Skating Championships
The 2021 Four Nationals Figure Skating Championships were held from 10 to 12 December 2020 in Cieszyn, Poland. It served as the national championships for the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia; traditionally, Hungary has also participated. Hungary not participated in this year, but organized an own National Championship at Budapest from 18 to 18 December. The three highest-placing skaters from each country formed their national podiums, after the competition results were split. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance on the senior and junior levels. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several skaters training abroad competed virtually via video submissions. The results were among the criteria used by each national federation to determine international assignments.
William Berg (classicist)
William Berg III (August 13, 1938 – May 16, 2021), was an American classicist and historian from Gearhart, Oregon. On his mother’s side he was a descendant of pioneers (the Kernses) who had migrated from Indiana to Oregon in 1852. Berg grew up in Boulder, Colorado, where his father taught Constitutional Law at the University of Colorado, and in Washington, D.C., where he witnessed the McCarthy era in the shadow of his father’s boss and mentor, Oregon Senator Wayne Morse.

University of Colorado
The University of Colorado (CU) is a system of public universities in Colorado. It consists of four institutions: the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, the University of Colorado Denver, and the University of Colorado Anschutz. It is governed by an elected nine-member board of regents and led by a system president, currently Todd Saliman.
Irun railway station
Irun is a railway station in Irun, Basque Country, Spain. The station is located on the Bordeaux - Irun, Bilbao - Hendaye and Madrid–Hendaye railway lines. The station is served by Alvia (High Speed Trains), Regional Exprés, and Cercanías San Sebastián services operated by RENFE.

The station is a border railway station where all trains have to stop, as those coming from/going into France have to change gauge from 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) Iberian gauge to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge. The electric pickup supply also changes here from 3000 V DC (overhead Spain) to 1500 V DC (overhead France). Between the stations of Hendaye and Irun, both track gauges run together.

Alvia
Alvia is a high-speed train service in Spain offered by Renfe on long-distance routes with a top speed of 250 km/h (160 mph). The trains have the ability to use both Iberian gauge and standard gauge, which allows them to travel on the recently constructed high-speed lines for part of the journey before switching to the "classic" Iberian gauge network to complete it. Trains that run exclusively on high-speed tracks are branded AVE or Avant.
Megastructure (planning concept)
Megastructure is an architectural and urban concept of the post-war era, which envisions a city or an urban form that could be encased in a massive single human-made structure or a relatively small number of interconnected structures. In a megastructural project, orders and hierarchies are created with large and permanent structures supporting small and transitional ones.

According to John W. Cook and Heinrich Klotz, the lexical meaning of megastructure is an over-scaled, colossal, multi-unit architectural mass. The post-war megastructure movements led by avant-garde architectural groups such as Metabolists and Archigram regarded megastructure as an instrument to solve issues of urban disorder.

Megastructure was once the dominant tendency in architecture of the 1960s, which resulted in numerous radical architectural proposals and a few built projects.

Post-war
A post-war or postwar period is the period immediately following the end of a war. The term usually refers to a varying period of time after World War II, which ended in 1945. A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum, when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date (such as the period between World War I and World War II). By contrast, a post-war period marks the cessation of armed conflict entirely.
Island in the Sky (comics)
"Island in the Sky" is a Disney comics story written and drawn by Carl Barks. It was published in Uncle Scrooge #29, March 1960.

The asteroid 2730 Barks was named after Barks by a scientist at Cornell University who was inspired by the story.

Disney comics
Disney comics are comic books and comic strips featuring characters created by the Walt Disney Company, including Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Scrooge McDuck and José Carioca.

The first Disney comics were newspaper strips appearing from 1930 on, starting with the Mickey Mouse comic strip. Mickey Mouse Magazine, the first American newsstand publication with Disney comics, launched in 1935. In 1940, Western Publishing launched the long-running flagship comic book, Walt Disney's Comics and Stories, which reached 750 issues in September 2019. Uncle Scrooge, launched in 1952, reached issue #450 in June 2019. In recent decades, Disney comics have seen a decline of popularity in the United States. In the rest of the world Disney comics have remained very successful, especially in Europe, where weekly Disney comics magazines and monthly paperback digests are national best sellers.

Disney comics have been the basis for academic theory, cultural criticism, and fan-created databases.
Çalköy, Aslanapa
Çalköy is a village in Aslanapa District of Kütahya Province, Turkey. As of 2022, its population is 533.

Çalköy is located on the upper reaches of the Avşar Deresi, which is a tributary of the Porsuk Çayı. It is 56 km south of Kütahya, the province capital, and 44 km northwest of Afyonkarahisar. About 2 km east of the village is a ruin site called Ahmet Bey Mevkii, with finds including an architrave dated to the middle Byzantine period. Some ancient spolia reused as building material has also been found in the village of Çalköy itself.: 218

Afyonkarahisar
Afyonkarahisar (Turkish pronunciation: [ɑfˌjon.kɑˈɾɑhisɑɾ], Turkish: afyon 'poppy, opium', kara 'black', hisar 'fortress') is a major city in western Turkey. It is the administrative centre of Afyonkarahisar Province and Afyonkarahisar District. Its population is 328.319 (2024). Afyon is in the mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, 250 km (155 mi) south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River. In Turkey, Afyonkarahisar stands out as a capital city of hot springs and spas, an important junction of railway, highway and air traffic in West-Turkey, and the place where independence was won.
In addition, Afyonkarahisar is one of Turkey's leading provinces in agriculture, globally renowned for its marble and is the world's largest producer of pharmaceutical opium. In antiquity, the city was called Akroinon and it is the site of Afyonkarahisar Castle, built around 1350 BC.
2018 Kenyan Premier League
The 2018 Kenyan Premier League (known as the SportPesa Premier League for sponsorship reasons) is the 15th season of the Kenyan Premier League since it began in 2003, and the 55th season of top-division football in Kenya since 1963. It began on 3 February and is scheduled to end on 7 October. Gor Mahia are the defending champions.

Football in Kenya
Association football is the most popular sport in Kenya, followed by rugby. Around 45% of Kenyans are considered football fans.

The governing body of football in Kenya is the Football Kenya Federation.

The Kenyan Premier League is the only fully professional league in the country, while the Kenyan National Super League is a mix of professional and semi-professional clubs.
Dave Katz (songwriter)
David Anthony Katz (born March 8, 1965) is an American songwriter and record producer.  He has written and/or produced for artists including Train, Boys Like Girls, Gym Class Heroes, Good Charlotte, Mandy Moore, Neon Trees, Cobra Starship, 3OH!3, Coheed and Cambria, All Time Low, Metro Station, We The Kings, Uncle Kracker, Sugar Ray, Matisyahu, Blues Traveler, Tom Jones, Hot Chelle Rae, David Cook, Big Time Rush, Chiddy Bang, Kelly Rowland, Arrested Development, and Hollywood Undead, among others.

Hot Chelle Rae
Hot Chelle Rae (/ˌhɒt ˌʃɛl ˈreɪ/ HOT SHEL RAY) (formerly known as Miracle Drug) is an American pop rock band formed in Nashville, Tennessee in 2005. Their debut album, Lovesick Electric, was released on October 27, 2009. They gained widespread attention for their 2011 double platinum single, "Tonight Tonight". Another single, "I Like It Like That", peaked at No. 28 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US.
2022 Copa América Femenina Group A
The 2022 Copa América Femenina Group A was the first of two sets in the group stage of the 2022 Copa América Femenina that took place from 8 July 2022 to 20 July 2022. The group competition consisted of Bolivia, Chile, hosts Colombia, Ecuador, and Paraguay. The top two teams automatically qualified for the top four knockout stage, while third place moved on to a fifth place match against the third-place finisher of Group B. In the knockout stage and fifth place match, the top three qualified to the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, fourth and fifth place continued to the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup repêchage, and sixth place was eliminated.

Chile women's national football team
The Chile women's national football team represents Chile in international women's football. It is administered by the Federación de Fútbol de Chile and is a member of CONMEBOL. Chile came close to qualifying for the FIFA Women's World Cup in 1991, 1995, and 2011, finally qualifying in 2019. Chile is, along with Brazil, one of the two teams to never fail to qualify for the Copa América Femenina. Chile's friendlies are frequently played against Argentina, is a traditional rival. The team is currently coached by José Letelier and is captained by Yanara Aedo.

Chile, for qualifying to the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, became the fifth nation in CONMEBOL to have both men's and women's teams qualify for senior FIFA tournaments. Chile is one of only three Spanish-speaking countries to have won a game in the Women's World Cup.

Chile women's national football team qualified for its first Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020.
Biffa
Biffa Limited is a waste management company headquartered in High Wycombe, England. It provides collection, landfill, recycling and special waste services to local authorities and industrial and commercial clients in the United Kingdom. In 2017 it was the UK's second-largest waste-management company. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by the private-equity firm Energy Capital Partners in January 2023.

Waste collection
Waste collection is a part of the process of waste management. It is the transfer of solid waste from the point of use and disposal to the point of treatment or landfill. Waste collection also includes the curbside collection of recyclable materials that technically are not waste, as part of a municipal landfill diversion program.
3rd Virginia Cavalry Regiment
The 3rd Virginia Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Tidewater and Southside Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Initially assigned to defend the Hampton Roads area, it fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. As shown by the company table below, members were raised in eight counties: Mecklenburg, Elizabeth City, New Kent, Halifax, Nottoway, Cumberland, Dinwiddie, and Prince Edward Counties.

Elizabeth City County, Virginia
Elizabeth City County was a county in southeastern Virginia from 1634 until 1952 when it was merged into the city of Hampton. Originally created in 1634 as Elizabeth River Shire, it was one of eight shires created in the Virginia Colony by order of the King Charles I. In 1636, it was subdivided, and the portion north of the harbor of Hampton Roads became known as Elizabeth City Shire. It was renamed Elizabeth City County a short time later.
Hiwi al-Balkhi
Ḥiwi al-Balkhi (9th century) (Hebrew: חיוי אל-בלכי, also Hiwwi or Chivi) was an exegete and Biblical critic of the last quarter of the ninth century born in Balkh, Khorasan (modern Afghanistan). It is not entirely clear whether  Hiwi was a Jew, as suggested by Schechter (1901), or whether he was perhaps a member of a gnostic Christian sect (Rosenthal 1948). Some claim that he was a member of the ancient Bukharan Jewish community of Central Asia.

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Bentz
Bentz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Bentz (1897–1964), German geologist

Chad Bentz (born 1980), American baseball player

Cliff Bentz (born 1952), American politician

Eddie Bentz (1894–1979), American criminal

Gunnar Bentz (born 1996), American swimmer

Melitta Bentz (1873–1950), German businesswoman and inventor

Misty C. Bentz (born 1980), American astrophysicist

Roman Bentz (1919–1996), American football player

Avery Bentz (born 1997), Canadian financial prodigy

David Bentz (born 1986), American politician

Mark Bentz (born 1965), Canadian politician

David Bentz
David Bentz (born February 28, 1986) is an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the Delaware House of Representatives, representing district 18. Bentz won a special election on September 12, 2015, to replace Democrat Michael Barbieri, who had resigned the month before to take a job with the state government. He did not file for re-election in 2022.