hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bildwissenschaft
Bildwissenschaft is an academic discipline in the German-speaking world. Similar to visual studies, and defined in relation to art history, Bildwissenschaft (approximately, "image-science") refers to a number of different approaches to images, their interpretation and their social significance.

Originating in the early 20th century, the field has become more prominent since the 1990s. In the contemporary period, significant theorists and practitioners of Bildwissenschaft have included Klaus Sachs-Hombach, Gottfried Boehm, Hans Belting, Horst Bredekamp and Lambert Wiesing, each of whom have developed distinct orientations toward their subject matter.

Geographical distribution of German speakers
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the Germanosphere (German: Deutscher Sprachraum) in Europe, German-speaking minorities are present in many other countries and on all six inhabited continents.

Mostly depending on the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties with a disputed status as separate languages or which were later acknowledged as separate languages (e.g., Low German/Plautdietsch), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language, 10–25 million as a second language, and 75–100 million as a foreign language. This would imply approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide.
Charles Amirkhanian
Charles Benjamin Amirkhanian (born January 19, 1945; Fresno, California) is an American composer. He is a percussionist, sound poet, and radio producer of Armenian origin. He is mostly known for his electroacoustic and text-sound music.

Electroacoustic music
Electroacoustic music is a genre of Western art music in which composers use recording technology and audio signal processing to manipulate the timbres of acoustic sounds in the creation of pieces of music. It originated around the middle of the 20th century, following the incorporation of electronic sound production into formal compositional practice. The initial developments in electroacoustic music composition to fixed media during the 20th century are associated with the activities of the Groupe de recherches musicales at the ORTF in Paris, the home of musique concrète, the Studio for Electronic Music in Cologne, where the focus was on the composition of elektronische Musik, and the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center in New York City, where tape music, electronic music, and computer music were all explored. Practical electronic music instruments began to appear in the early 20th century.
Ilbenge
Ilbenge (Russian: Илбенге; Yakut: Илбэҥэ, İlbeŋe) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative centre of and one of three settlements, in addition to Arylakh and Sortol, in Bappagayinsky Rural Okrug of Vilyuysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 215 kilometers (134 mi) from Vilyuysk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 651. of whom 306 were male and 345 female, down from 685 as recorded during the 2002 Census.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Galeottia (horse)
Galeottia (1892 – 1911) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She ran consistently well against high-class opposition as a two-year-old in 1894 although she won only one of her seven races. The filly reached her peak in the first half of 1895 when she won the 1000 Guineas and finished second in the Oaks Stakes but did not win any further major races. She had some success as a broodmare especially through her daughter Gay Laura, who produced the English Triple Crown winner Gay Crusader.

Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for Thoroughbreds, often restricted to three-year-olds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular, each having their own Triple Crown series.
Matteo Balducci
Matteo Balducci was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. He was born in Fontignano, a small town near Lake Trasimeno in Perugia.

Balducci was an associate of Giovanni Antonio Bazzi between 1517 and 1523. The following year he painted an altar-piece in San Francesco di Pian Castagniano in Monte Amiata in Tuscany. He also painted in churches of Siena, including an Assumption of the Virgin in the Capella Borghesi of Santo Spirito and  a Nativity in Santa Maria Maddalena.

Lake Trasimeno
Lake Trasimeno (/ˌtrɑːzɪˈmeɪnoʊ/ TRAH-zim-AY-noh, also US: /-ˈmiːnoʊ, ˌtræz-/ -⁠EE-, TRAZ-im-; Italian: Lago Trasimeno [ˈlaːɡo traziˈmɛːno]; Latin: Trasumennus; Etruscan: Tarśmina), also referred to as Trasimene (/ˈtræzɪmiːn/ TRAZ-im-een), Trasimeno Lake, or Thrasimene in English, is a lake in the province of Perugia, in the Umbria region of Italy on the border with Tuscany. The lake has a surface area of 128 km2 (49.4 sq mi), making it the fourth largest in Italy, slightly smaller than Lake Como. Only two minor streams flow directly into the Lake and none flows out. The water level of the lake fluctuates significantly according to rainfall levels and the seasonal demands from the towns, villages and farms near the shore.
Kaytalun
Kitlun (Arabic: كيتلون)  is a Syrian village located in Salamiyah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kitlun had a population of 1,858 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Salamiyah Subdistrict
Salamiyah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز السلمية)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Salamiyah District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Salamiyah Subdistrict had a population of 115,300 in the 2004 census.
23rd Delaware General Assembly
The 23rd Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. The Assembly met in the state capital, Dover, convening January 1, 1799, two weeks before the beginning of the first year of the administration of Governor Richard Bassett.

The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.

Delaware House of Representatives
The Delaware State House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. It is composed of 41 Representatives from an equal number of constituencies, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Its members are not subject to term limits, and their terms start the day after the election. The House meets at the Delaware Legislative Hall in Dover.
Wycliffe Noble
Charles Wycliffe Noble OBE FRIBA FRSA (12 June 1925 – 1 April 2017) was a Scottish musician and architect known for his work with the Joystrings and in making public buildings accessible to disabled people. 
The buildings Wycliffe Noble worked on to make them usable for disabled people include the Royal Albert Hall, UK Parliament, and Westminster.

The Joystrings
The Joystrings (originally credited as The Joy Strings) were a 1960s British Christian music group led by classically trained keyboard player and singer Joy Webb, who was an officer in the Salvation Army.
Gennadiy Markov
Gennadiy Vladimirovich Markov (Russian: Геннадий Владимирович Маркова; born 15 June 1967 in Izobilny, Soviet Union) is a Russian triple jumper. His personal best jump is 17.38 metres, achieved in May 1994 in Stavropol.

He competed at the 1997 World Indoor Championships and the 2000 Olympic Games without reaching the final.

Stavropol
Stavropol (Russian: Ставрополь, IPA: [ˈstavrəpəlʲ]), known as Voroshilovsk from 1935 until 1943, is a city that is the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, in southern Russia. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 547,820, and it is one of Russia's fastest growing cities.
Bunkyo University
35°54′17.8″N 139°46′25.2″E﻿ / ﻿35.904944°N 139.773667°E﻿ / 35.904944; 139.773667

Bunkyo University (文教大学, Bunkyō Daigaku) is a private university located in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan, with campuses in Saitama and Kanagawa Prefecture.

The kanji of the word "Bunkyo" mean education and learning. The university offers courses mainly in education and research of the cultural and social sciences, and is well known for its teacher training.  Previously the school was a girls' school called Rissho Women's University; when it became coeducational in 1976 its name was changed to Bunkyo University.

The university is an establishment of the Legal Educational Foundation, Bunkyo University Institute. There are two campuses: the Koshigaya Campus located in the city of Koshigaya, Saitama; and the Shonan Campus located in the city of Chigasaki, Kanagawa. Dormitories for both campuses are located in Kiyosato, Takane-town, Kitakoma district, Yamanashi Prefecture.

Kitakoma District, Yamanashi
Kitakoma (北巨摩郡, Kitakoma-gun) was a district located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

As of March 2006, the district had an estimated population of 6,127 with a density of 184.88 persons per km2. The total area was 33.14 km2.
Ákos Pauler
Ákos Pauler (9 April 1876 – 29 June 1933) was a Hungarian philosopher, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

He defended metaphysics against logical positivism.  As part of this defense, he accounted for a method of determining truths alongside the deductive and inductive methods, one which he called reductive.  According to Pauler, the reductive method, unlike induction and deduction, does not determine what entities there are but rather can determine the conditions of possibility of valid thought itself. He also associates the reductive method with Plato's dialectic, even suggesting that reduction can ultimately lead to knowledge of the Form of the Good.

Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported not with deductive certainty, but at best with some degree of probability. Unlike deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion is certain, given the premises are correct, inductive reasoning produces conclusions that are at best probable, given the evidence provided.
Rainforest Wild
Rainforest Wild is an wildlife park located in Mandai, Singapore. It is managed by the Mandai Wildlife Group, which also manages the Singapore Zoo, Night Safari, River Wonders and Bird Paradise. It highlights animals that live in the rainforests of Asia and Africa, in 2 sections named Rainforest Wild ASIA and Rainforest Wild AFRICA. On 12 March 2025, Rainforest Wild ASIA opened, while construction is still ongoing for the African section. It has a stronger focus on adventure, and has been advertised as "Asia's first adventure-based zoological park."

Safari park
A safari park, sometimes known as a wildlife park, is a zoo-like commercial drive-in tourist attraction where visitors can drive their own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals.

A safari park is larger than a zoo and smaller than a game reserve. For example, African Lion Safari in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada is 750 acres (3.0 km2). For comparison, Lake Nakuru in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, is 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), and a typical large game reserve is Tsavo East, also in Kenya, which encompasses 11,747 square kilometres (4,536 sq mi).

Many parks have conservation programmes with endangered animals like: elephants, white rhinos, giraffes, lions, tigers, cheetahs and wild dogs.
Helenów, Gmina Budziszewice
Helenów [xɛˈlɛnuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Budziszewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Budziszewice, 19 km (12 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 36 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów Mazowiecki
Tomaszów Mazowiecki (pronounced [tɔˈmaʂuf mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi] ⓘ, Yiddish: טאָמעשעוו or Tomashuv) is a town in central Poland with 60,529 inhabitants (2021). It is the fourth most populous city in the Łódź Voivodeship and the second with free public transport. It is the seat of Tomaszów County.

In Tomaszów Mazowiecki there is the first (and the only) all-year speed skating track in Poland - Ice Arena Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which has hosted the World Championships. In autumn, the city hosts the international Love Polish Jazz festival, organized by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.
Freshwater, California
40°45′41″N 124°03′42″W﻿ / ﻿40.76139°N 124.06167°W﻿ / 40.76139; -124.06167

Freshwater (formerly, Wrangletown, Garfield, Lambertville, and Hardscrabble) is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California. It is located on Freshwater Creek, a major tributary to Humboldt Bay (and the previous source of municipal water to the City of Eureka, California), 7.5 miles (12 km) south of Arcata, at an elevation of 92 feet (28 m). The area is the site of a now logged massive old-growth redwood forest and prevalent remaining second-growth forest. The trees in the area are storied to have been some of the largest coast redwoods to have ever existed. On September 24, 1964, the large area and all its residents became part of unincorporated Eureka, within the 95503 zipcode. Freshwater Park, a Humboldt County Park, which has picnic areas and a swimming area each summer, is located nearby on Freshwater Creek.

Arcata, California
Arcata (/ɑːrˈkeɪ.tə/; Wiyot: Goudi’ni; Yurok: Oket'oh) is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States. At the 2020 census, Arcata's population was 18,857. Arcata was first founded in 1850 as Union, was officially established in 1858, and was renamed Arcata in 1860. It is located 280 miles (450 km) north of San Francisco (via Highway 101), and is home to California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt. Arcata is also the location of the Arcata Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Land Management, which is responsible for the administration of natural resources, lands and mineral programs, including the Headwaters Forest, on approximately 200,000 acres (810 km2) of public land in Northwestern California.
Maithingkongaba
Maithingkongaba (ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯡꯀꯣꯡꯉꯥꯕ) was a warrior of the Khuman clan who lived in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). He is notably mentioned in the historical classical Meitei text Chainarol, a collection of dramatic real-life duels between warriors from various clans. His encounter with the Meitei warrior named Akangsu is remembered for its ironic twist and serves as an example of both overconfidence and unexpected mercy in the warrior tradition of Manipur. His experience shows that even the most well-prepared warriors can fall if they let their guard down.

Kangleipak
Kangleipak was an ancient, lesser known civilisation, consisting of the modern day Manipur, India which is still known to some residents as Kangleipak, and other neighbouring regions. The Kangla served as the foremost capital city of this realm from the 15th century BCE, up to medieval times.
Patrick Duffy (Cumann na nGaedheal politician)
Patrick Duffy (28 July 1875 – 21 July 1946) was an Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Monaghan constituency at the 1923 general election. He lost his seat at the June 1927 general election.

Duffy was born in Doohamlet, near Castleblayney in County Monaghan. He was an active member of the Irish Volunteers and took part in the Irish War of Independence.

Castleblayney
Castleblayney (/ˌkæsəlˈbleɪni/; Irish: Baile na Lorgan) is a town in County Monaghan, Ireland. The town had a population of 3,926 as of the 2022 census. Castleblayney is near the border with County Armagh in Northern Ireland, and lies on the N2 road from Dublin to Derry and Letterkenny.
Datia Assembly constituency
Datia Assembly constituency is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 48 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh state.

Vindhya Pradesh
Vindhya Pradesh was a former state of India. It was created in 1948 as Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States from the territories of the princely states in the eastern portion of the former Central India Agency. It was named as Vindhya Pradesh on 25 January 1950 after the Vindhya Range, which runs through the centre of the province. The capital of the state was the former princely state of Rewa. It lay between Uttar Pradesh to the north and Madhya Pradesh to the south, and the enclave of Datia, which lay a short distance to the west, was surrounded by the state of Madhya Bharat.

Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956, following the States Reorganisation Act.

It occupied an area of 61,131.5 km2 (23,603 sq. miles).
Cultural depictions of tuberculosis
Through its effect on the world's population and major artists in various fields, tuberculosis has appeared in many forms in human culture. The disease was for centuries associated with poetic and artistic qualities in its sufferers, and was known as "the romantic disease". Many artistic figures, including the poet John Keats,  the composer Frédéric Chopin and the artist Edvard Munch, either had the disease or were close to others who did.

Tuberculosis has played prominent and recurring roles in diverse fields. These include literature, as in Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain, set in a sanatorium; in music, as in Van Morrison's song "T.B. Sheets"; in opera, as in Puccini's La bohème and Verdi's La Traviata; in art, as in Monet's painting of his first wife Camille on her deathbed; and in film, such as the 1945 The Bells of St. Mary's starring Ingrid Bergman as a nun with tuberculosis. The disease also appears in fields such as anime and manga.

Alice Neel
Alice Neel (January 28, 1900 – October 13, 1984) was an American visual artist. Recognized for her paintings of friends, family, lovers, poets, artists, and strangers, Neel is considered one of the greatest American portraitists of the 20th century. Her career spanned from the 1920s to 1980s.

Her paintings have an expressionistic use of line and color, psychological acumen, and emotional intensity. She pursued a career as a figurative painter during a period when abstraction was favored, and she did not begin to gain critical praise for her work until the 1960s. Her work contradicts and challenges the traditional and objectified nude depictions of women by her male predecessors. This is done by depicting women through a female gaze, illustrating them as being consciously aware of the objectification by men and the demoralizing effects of the male gaze.
Wedding of Prince George and Princess Marina
The wedding of Prince George, Duke of Kent, and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark took place on Thursday, 29 November 1934, at Westminster Abbey. The Duke of Kent was the fourth son of King George V and Queen Mary (née Princess Victoria Mary of Teck), while Princess Marina was the youngest daughter of Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark and Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia. The couple were second cousins through mutual descent from King Christian IX of Denmark.

As Princess Marina's cousin, Prince Philip, renounced his Greek and Danish titles prior to marrying Prince George's niece, then Princess Elizabeth, this is the most recent example of a marriage between a British prince or princess and a titled member of a foreign dynasty.

Lady Iris Mountbatten
Lady Iris Victoria Beatrice Grace Kemp (née Mountbatten, formerly O'Malley, later Bryan; 13 January 1920 – 1 September 1982) was an English actress and model, and a member of the Battenberg/Mountbatten family. She was the youngest great-grandchild of Queen Victoria. She was also a niece of Queen Victoria Eugenie of Spain, making her a first cousin of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, father of Juan Carlos I and grandfather of current King Felipe VI of Spain, as well as Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, the Legitimist claimant to the French throne. She was also a second cousin of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Queen Elizabeth II.
Lindencrone Mansion
The Lindencrone Mansion (Danish: Lindencrones Palæ) is a historic building located on the corner of Bredgade and Sankt Annæ Plads in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Completed in 1753, it is one of many town mansions which were built for wealthy citizens in the district Frederiksstaden in the years after its foundation in the middle of the 18th century.

Bredgade
Bredgade (lit. "Broad Street") is one of the most prominent streets in Copenhagen, Denmark. Running in a straight line from Kongens Nytorv for just under one kilometre to the intersection of Esplanaden and Grønningen, it is one of the major streets in Frederiksstaden, a Rococo district laid out in the middle of the 18th century to commemorate the tercentenary of the House of Oldenburg's accession to the Danish throne. It is lined with a number of fine mansions as well as other historic buildings. Many law firms, trade unions, fashion stores and art galleries are based in the street.
The street also runs parallel to the Royal residence Amalienborg and Frederik's Church
2012–13 Alabama State Hornets basketball team
The 2012–13 Alabama State Hornets basketball team represented Alabama State University during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hornets, led by eighth year head coach Lewis Jackson, played their home games at the Dunn–Oliver Acadome and were members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 10–22, 8–10 in SWAC play to finish in a three way tie for fifth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the SWAC tournament to Jackson State.

2013 SWAC men's basketball tournament
The 2013 SWAC men's basketball tournament took place March 12–16, 2013  at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas. The tournament champion, Southern University, received the Southwestern Athletic Conference's automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.