hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1883 VFA season
The 1883 VFA season was the seventh season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in the colony of Victoria.

Geelong won the premiership for the fifth time, making it the club's fifth VFA premiership in just six seasons, and the second in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1882 to 1884.

1882 VFA season
The 1882 VFA season was the sixth season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in the colony of Victoria.

Geelong won the premiership for the fourth time, making it the club's fourth VFA premiership in just five seasons, and the first in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1882 to 1884.
II-17 road (Bulgaria)
Republican Road II-17 (Bulgarian: Републикански път II-17) is a 2nd class road in Bulgaria, running entirely through the territory of Botevgrad Municipality of Sofia Province. With a length of 6 km, it is the shortest second class road in the country, a little shorter than the 6.5 km II-80 road. It has four lanes through most of its length.

The road starts at Km 188.7 of the first class I-1 road north of the town of Botevgrad and bypasses the town from the northeast and east, serving as its ring road. Some 3.5 km from its starting point, it forms a junction at Km 4.6 of the first class I-3 road and after another 2.5 km it reaches Km 47.0 of the Hemus motorway.

Sofia Province
42°40′N 23°40′E﻿ / ﻿42.667°N 23.667°E﻿ / 42.667; 23.667

Sofia Province (Bulgarian: Софийска област, romanized: Sofiyska oblast) is a province (oblast) of Bulgaria. The province does not include Sofia in its territories, but Sofia remains the seat of its administration. The province borders on the provinces of Pernik, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Lovech, Vratsa, Montana, and Sofia City (which is in a separate oblast, see Sofia Administration), and borders with Serbia to the northwest.
Little Yosemite Valley
Little Yosemite Valley is a smaller glacial valley upstream in the Merced River drainage from the Yosemite Valley in Yosemite National Park. The Merced River meanders through the 3.5 mi (5.6 km) long flat valley, draining out over Nevada Fall and Vernal Fall before emptying into the main Yosemite Valley.  It can be reached by a day hike from the main valley, and is the most popular area in the Yosemite Wilderness. The Valley provides access to nearby destinations such as the back side of Half Dome, Clouds Rest and the High Sierra Camp at Merced Lake.

Little Yosemite Valley is a tread on the glacial stairway of the Merced River that runs from Yosemite Valley up to Mount Lyell, gaining some 7,600 ft (2,316 m) of vertical elevation over 21 mi (34 km) and is situated some 2,000 ft (610 m) in elevation above Yosemite Valley proper.

Riegel (glacial)
A riegel (from German, literally crossbar) is a transverse ridge of bedrock that has been exposed by glacial erosion.  Riegels are also known as rock bars, thresholds, and verrous.  They are found in glaciated valleys, and are often associated with waterfalls and zones of rapids when streams are present.  When multiple riegels are stacked in a series they are referred to as a glacial stairway.

Most riegels can be identified by having smooth faces on the up-valley sides, while the down-valley sides show signs of having been plucked (eroded by the removal of rocks and blocks from the bedrock).
Ilbenge
Ilbenge (Russian: Илбенге; Yakut: Илбэҥэ, İlbeŋe) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative centre of and one of three settlements, in addition to Arylakh and Sortol, in Bappagayinsky Rural Okrug of Vilyuysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 215 kilometers (134 mi) from Vilyuysk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 651. of whom 306 were male and 345 female, down from 685 as recorded during the 2002 Census.

Vilyuysky District
Vilyuysky District (Russian: Вилю́йский улу́с; Yakut: Бүлүү улууһа, romanized: Bülüü uluuha, [bylyː uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the republic and borders with Zhigansky District in the northeast, Kobyaysky District in the east, Gorny District in the south, Verkhnevilyuysky District in the west, and with Olenyoksky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 55,200 square kilometers (21,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Vilyuysk. Population: 25,222 (2010 Census); 25,696 (2002 Census); 28,704 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vilyuysk accounts for 40.6% of the district's total population.
Deviyan
Deviyan is a 16th/17th century text written by Mahatma Isardas. It is a Shaktism centred text and is recited daily in parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. Isardas praises the great goddess Devi or Shakti as the supreme deity. He describes Mahadevi's various manifestations such as Durga, Kali, Parvati, Chamunda, Ashapura, Lakshmi, Saraswati and Hinglaj. The poet compares this text to the sacred Devi Mahatmya and claims to be blessed by Rukmini. It is written in Chhand Adal and Bhujangi.

Hinglaj
Hinglaj (Devanagari: हिंगलाज, Balochi: هنگلاج, Sindhi: هنگلاج, Urdu: ﮨنگلاج) is an important Hindu pilgrimage place in Balochistan, Pakistan and Kuldevi of many Rajput, Jat, Charan, Rajpurohits and other Hindu Communities of India. It is situated in Balochistan province about 250 km west-northwest of Karachi. The Shri Hinglaj Mata mandir which is the largest Hindu pilgrimage centre in Pakistan is located here.
William Bagwell (politician)
William Bagwell (1776 – 4 November 1826) was an Irish Tory politician who served for more than twenty years as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons.

He was the son of John Bagwell, M.P., and Mary, née Hare.   He was the Member of Parliament for Rathcormack in the Parliament of Ireland from 1798 until the Union with Great Britain at the end of 1800, when the constituency of Rathcormack was disenfranchised.

He was elected at a by-election in 1801 as MP for constituency of Clonmel in the Parliament of the United Kingdom and held that seat until his resignation in 1819 to fight a by-election for the Tipperary seat when the prior member succeeded to the Irish Peerage as Earl of Glengall. He won the seat and held it until the 1826 general election

He resided at the family mansion at Marlfield, Clonmel.

Rathcormack (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
Rathcormac  was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons from 1611 to 1800. It was a mix of potwalloping and a Manor Borough established by charter and remained tied to the borough and surrounding area. The franchise was vested in the £5 and until 1793, Protestant freeholders and after 1782 a year's residence was necessary. It was disenfranchised on the 1 January 1801 on the coming into force of the Acts of Union 1800 and compensation of £15,000 was paid to the representatives of the Tonson family.
Berga Kulle Nature Reserve
Berga Kulle Nature Reserve (Swedish: Berga Kulle naturreservat) is a nature reserve in Södermanland County in Sweden. It is part of the EU-wide Natura 2000-network.

The nature reserve consists of a rocky plateau or hill and its surroundings. Large patches of bedrock dominate the hill, where Scots pine grow, often in the form of krummholz.(some specimen are as old as 250 to 300 years). In the south-western part of the nature reserve, moraine characterises the geology, and here the pine trees grow taller and stronger. Towards the north, spruce instead dominate the forest. The whole area also has plenty of coarse woody debris, which is beneficial for the area's biodiversity. The forest is rich in mosses and lichens, and the protection of the moss Buxbaumia viridis is one of the explicit aims of the nature reserve.

Natura 2000
Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectively. The network includes both terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas.

The Natura 2000 network covered more than 18% of the European Union's land area and more than 7% of its marine area in 2022.
Vitsyebsk gate
55°30′N 30°48′E﻿ / ﻿55.5°N 30.8°E﻿ / 55.5; 30.8

In Soviet and Belarusian historiography, the Vitebsk or Surazh gate (Віцебскія вароты or Суражскія вароты) was the name given to the corridor connecting Soviet and German-occupied territories during World War II. The 40 km area between Velizh and Usvyaty was a point of contact between the German Army Groups North and Centre. The gate, created by the Soviet 4th Shock Army Toropets–Kholm Offensive during the winter of 1941–42, existed from 10 February to 28 September 1942.

Toropets–Kholm offensive
The Toropets–Kholm offensive was a military operation conducted south of Lake Ilmen by the Red Army during World War II, from 9 January–6 February 1942. The operation contributed to the formation of the Kholm Pocket and the encirclement of the Wehrmacht's II Army Corps in the Demyansk Pocket.
Au moment d'être à vous
Au moment d'être à vous is francophone Canadian pop singer Isabelle Boulay's second live album, released in September 2002. It achieved a great success in Belgium (Wallonia), France and Switzerland, where it reached the top ten. It also stayed for 57 weeks on the French Albums Chart and was certified Platinum by the SNEP.

This album is composed of Boulay's songs from her previous studio albums, plus cover versions of songs by various French artists.  It is a live album recorded March 30–31, 2002 at the Palais des Congrès, Paris and April 4–5, 2002 at the Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier, Place des Arts, Montreal, where she was accompanied by the Montreal Symphony Orchestra.

There are two substantially different releases of this album; one, the French version, has 17 tracks, and was released in 2002; the second, Canadian, version has 13 tracks, and was released in 2003.

Palais des congrès de Paris
The Palais des congrès de Paris (French pronunciation: [palɛ de kɔ̃ɡʁɛ də paʁi]; English: Paris Congress Centre) is a convention centre, concert venue, and shopping mall at the Porte Maillot in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, France. The venue was built by French architect Guillaume Gillet, and was inaugurated in 1974.

Nearby the venue are Bois de Boulogne and the affluent neighbourhood of Neuilly-sur-Seine. The closest métro and RER stations are Porte Maillot and Neuilly–Porte Maillot, accessible via the lower levels of the building.
Ana Gruzinskaya Tolstaya
Princess Anna Gruzinskaya Tolstaya (Russian: Анна Грузинская-Толстая, 1798–1889) was a Russian aristocrat of Georgian royal origin.

Princess Anna was born on 31 January 1798 in Moscow to Prince Georgy Gruzinsky and Varvara Nikolayevna Bakhmetev.

Princess Anna married Prince Alexander Petrovych Tolstoy (1801-1873) but had no children.

According to a lady-in-waiting Alexandra Smirnova:

"Princess Anna did not want to get married and wanted to live in a monastery. Her father let her go, and she went to the Belmazhskaya monastery, where she was not considered to [be] set up for the monastic life. The 35-year-old princess then married  Tolstoy, a holy man. He submitted himself to her eccentric character and lived with her as brother."

She died in Moscow on 17 July 1889.

Princess
Princess is a title used by a female member of a regnant monarch's family or by a female ruler of a principality. The male equivalent is a prince (from Latin princeps, meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a monarch. A crown princess can be the heir apparent to the throne or the spouse of the heir apparent.
Expressens Heffaklump
Expressens Heffaklump (Heffaklumpen) is a Swedish annual award for children's and youth culture, especially children's and youth literature, that is awarded by the newspaper Expressen. The award was established in 1966 and the original award statuette was created by the artist Karl Göte Bejemark, but in the 2010s the artist Stina Opitz was given the assignment. The name "Heffaklump" is taken from the Swedish name of the Heffalump character in A. A. Milne's Winnie the Pooh stories.

A. A. Milne
Alan Alexander Milne (/mɪln/ ⓘ; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was an English writer best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh, as well as children's poetry. Milne was primarily a playwright before the huge success of Winnie-the-Pooh overshadowed his previous work. He served as a lieutenant in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment in the First World War and as a captain in the Home Guard in the Second World War.

Milne was the father of bookseller Christopher Robin Milne, upon whom the character Christopher Robin is based. It was during a visit to London Zoo, where Christopher became enamoured with the tame and amiable bear Winnipeg, that Milne was inspired to write the story of Winnie-the-Pooh for his son. Milne bequeathed the original manuscripts of the Winnie-the-Pooh stories to the Wren Library at Trinity College, Cambridge, his alma mater.
Message queue
In computer science, message queues and mailboxes are software-engineering components typically used for inter-process communication (IPC), or for inter-thread communication within the same process. They use a queue for messaging – the passing of control or of content.  Group communication systems provide similar kinds of functionality.

The message queue paradigm is a sibling of the publisher/subscriber pattern, and is typically one part of a larger message-oriented middleware system. Most messaging systems support both the publisher/subscriber and message queue models in their API, e.g. Java Message Service (JMS).

Competing Consumers pattern enables multiple concurrent consumers to process messages on the same message queue.

Thread (computing)
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. In many cases, a thread is a component of a process.

The multiple threads of a given process may be executed concurrently (via multithreading capabilities), sharing resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. In particular, the threads of a process share its executable code and the values of its dynamically allocated variables and non-thread-local global variables at any given time.

The implementation of threads and processes differs between operating systems.
Skaville UK
Skaville UK were a British ska band.  Bassist and vocalist Nick Welsh had previously played with a number of bands including Bad Manners, The Selecter and Prince Buster, whilst Louis Alphonso (vocals/guitar) and Martin Stewart (keyboards) also played with Bad Manners.  Drummer Al Fletcher also played with The Selecter, Die So Fluid and Lee "Scratch" Perry. He died in 2016.  The band regularly played with noted ska singer Rhoda Dakar on guest vocals  and she also sang on the Decadent album.

Lee "Scratch" Perry
Lee "Scratch" Perry OD (born Rainford Hugh Perry; 20 March 1936 – 29 August 2021) was a Jamaican record producer, songwriter and singer noted for his innovative studio techniques and production style. Perry was a pioneer in the 1970s development of dub music with his early adoption of remixing and studio effects to create new instrumental or vocal versions of existing reggae tracks. He worked with and produced for a wide variety of artists, including Bob Marley and the Wailers, Junior Murvin, the Congos, Max Romeo, the Heptones, Adrian Sherwood, the Beastie Boys, Ari Up, the Clash, the Orb, and many others.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5575
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5575 (abbreviated as P. Oxy. 5575) is a second century papyrus fragment written in Greek of multiple Gospels: Matthew, Luke, and Thomas. It is the oldest extant fragment from the Gospel of Thomas and comes from the era of Early Christianity before the finalization of the New Testament canon. The papyrus fragment was published as part of Oxyrhynchus Papyri LXXXVII by the Egypt Exploration Society on August 31, 2023, after over a decade of study.

Egypt Exploration Society
The Egypt Exploration Society (EES) is a British non-profit organisation founded in 1882 for the purpose of supporting and promoting Egyptian cultural heritage. It was founded by novelist and travel writer Amelia Edwards with support from Curator of Coins and Medal, Reginald Stuart Poole. It has offices in London and Cairo, and is a registered charity.

The Society has worked at many archaeological sites across the northern Nile valley and delta including Deir el-Bahri, Tanis, Abydos, and Amarna. The results of its work have been shared in more than 350 scientific publications and artefacts from their excavations can be seen in museums around the world.
Women's Professional Soccer
Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) was the top-level professional women's soccer league in the United States. It began play on March 29, 2009. The league was composed of seven teams for its first two seasons and fielded six teams for the 2011 season, with continued plans for future expansion. The WPS was the highest level in the United States soccer pyramid for the women's game.

On January 30, 2012, the league announced suspension of the 2012 season, citing several internal organization struggles as the primary cause. Some of these issues included an ongoing legal battle with magicJack owner Dan Borislow and the lack of resources invested into the league. On May 18, 2012, WPS announced the league folded and would not return in 2013. After the WPS folded, the National Women's Soccer League formed in 2013 and took WPS's place as the top professional women's soccer league in the United States.

2011 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup was the sixth FIFA Women's World Cup competition, the world championship for women's national football teams. It was held from 26 June to 17 July 2011 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in October 2007. Japan won the final against the United States on a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after extra time and became the first Asian team to win a senior FIFA World Cup.

The matches were played in nine stadiums in nine host cities around the country, with the final played at the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt. Sixteen teams were selected for participation via a worldwide qualification tournament that began in 2009. In the first round of the tournament finals, the teams competed in round-robin groups of four teams for points, with the top two teams in each group proceeding. These eight teams advanced to the knockout stage, where two rounds of play decided which teams would participate in the final.
Aristo of Chios
Aristo of Chios (Greek: Ἀρίστων ὁ Χῖος Ariston ho Chios; fl. c. 260 BC), also spelled Ariston, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and colleague of Zeno of Citium. He outlined a system of Stoic philosophy that was, in many ways, closer to earlier Cynic philosophy. He rejected the logical and physical sides of philosophy endorsed by Zeno and emphasized ethics. Although agreeing with Zeno that Virtue was the supreme good, he rejected the idea that morally indifferent things such as health and wealth could be ranked according to whether they are naturally preferred. An important philosopher in his day, his views were eventually marginalized by Zeno's successors.

Platonic Academy
37°59′33″N 23°42′29″E﻿ / ﻿37.99250°N 23.70806°E﻿ / 37.99250; 23.70806

The Academy (Ancient Greek: Ἀκαδημία, romanized: Akadēmia) was founded by Plato in ca. 387 BC in Athens. Aristotle studied there for twenty years (367 BC – 347 BC) before founding his own school, the Lyceum. The Academy persisted throughout the Hellenistic period as a skeptical school, until coming to an end after the death of Philo of Larissa in 83 BC. Although philosophers continued to teach Plato's philosophy in Athens during the Roman era, it was not until AD 410 that a revived Academy was re-established as a center for Neoplatonism, persisting until 529 AD when it was closed down by Justinian I.

The academy is regarded as the first institution of higher education in the west, where subjects as diverse as biology, geography, astronomy, mathematics, history, and many more were taught and investigated. It has been regarded as perhaps the earliest structured academy for political science in antiquity.
Mutsu Kokubun-ji
Mutsu Kokubun-ji (陸奥国分寺) is a Buddhist temple in Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai, Japan. It belongs to the Shingon-shū Chizan-ha sect, and its honzon is a hibutsu statue of Yakushi Nyōrai. It is the successor of the provincial temple (kokubunji) of former Mutsu Province. The grounds of the temple are a National Historic Site and one of its structures, the early Edo period Yakushi-dō (薬師堂), is an Important Cultural Property.

Shingon-shū Chisan-ha
Chisan-ha (智山派) or Chisan is a Japanese sect of Shingon Buddhism. It is headquartered in Chishaku-in (temple) in Kyoto. Naritasan Shinshōji Temple in Narita is also an important temple and was founded in 940. Chisan-ha belongs to Tantric Buddhism.
Baba Wali Kandhari
Baba Wali Kandhari was a Sufi pir who was born in c. 1476 at Kandahar, in the Timurid Empire, in modern-day Afghanistan. In about 1498, he moved to Hasan Abdal to the western side of mountains. The terrain was hilly and natural fountains used to flow from the ground.

Hasan Abdal
Hasan Abdal (Punjabi and Urdu: حسَن ابدال) is a city in the Attock District of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Located 40 km northwest of the national capital, Islamabad, Hassan Abdal is the headquarters of Hasan Abdal Tehsil (sub-district).

Hasan Abdal is home of the Gurdwara Panja Sahib, a sacred site in Sikhism, and an important pilgrimage destination for Sikhs. The town also contains several monuments dating to the reign of Akbar, including the Mughal Gardens, Tomb of the Hakims, and the Tomb of Lala Rukh. Hasan Abdal is near to the city of Taxila – a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its ancient Gandharan ruins.
Palimbang massacre
The Masjid Malisbong (H. Hamsa Tacbil Mosque) massacre, also known as Palimbang massacre, was the mass murder of Muslim Moros by units of the Philippine military on September 24, 1974, in the coastal village of Malisbong in Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat, Mindanao. Accounts compiled by the Moro Women's Center in General Santos state that 1,500 male Moros aged 11–70 were killed inside a mosque, 3,000 women and children aged 9–60 were detained – with the women being raped – and that 300 houses were razed by the government forces. The massacre occurred two years after Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in September 1972.

The massacre started after the first four days on the fast of Ramadan when members of the Philippine Army arrived and captured barangay officials along with 1,000 other Muslims. For more than a month, the military murdered residents of the area. Testimonies show that victims were made to strip and dig their own graves before being killed by gunshot.

Proclamation No. 1081
Proclamation No. 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on September 23, 1972.

The proclamation marked the onset of a 14-year period of authoritarian rule, which would include eight years of Martial Law (de jure ending on January 17, 1981, through Proclamation No. 2045), but not de facto: followed by five more years where Marcos retained essentially all of his powers as dictator.

Marcos was eventually ousted on February 25, 1986, as a result of the EDSA People Power Revolution.