hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Humayun Reza
Humayun Reza (born 6 December 1948) is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a former member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Suti Assembly constituency in Murshidabad district. He was elected in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the Indian National Congress Party.

Murshidabad district
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of 5,341 km2 (2,062 sq mi) and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district.

The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata.
Great Michigan Fire
The  Great Michigan Fire was a series of simultaneous forest fires in the state of Michigan in the United States in 1871. They were possibly caused (or at least reinforced) by the same winds that fanned the Great Chicago Fire, the Peshtigo Fire and the Port Huron Fire; some believe lightning or even meteor showers may have started the fires. Several cities, towns and villages, including Alpena, Holland, Manistee, and Port Huron, suffered serious damage or were lost. The concurrent Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin also destroyed several towns in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In 1881, much more than half of "the Thumb" region was burned over by the Thumb Fire, which followed part of the same path as the 1871 fires.

The Thumb
The Thumb is a region and a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, so named because the Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten. The Thumb area is generally considered to be in the Central Michigan region, east of the Flint area and the Tri-Cities and north of Metro Detroit. The region is also branded as the Blue Water Area, and more recently Michigan's Thumb Coast, for tourism purposes.

The counties that constitute the Thumb form the peninsula that stretches northward into Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. There is no formal list of which counties are part of the Thumb, but virtually all definitions include Huron, Tuscola, and Sanilac counties, and most include Lapeer and St. Clair counties. The population of the Thumb region as of the 2020 census was 370,617.
2018 India Open
The 2018 India Open, officially the Yonex-Sunrise Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta India Open 2018, was a badminton tournament which took place at Siri Fort Indoor Stadium in India from 30 January to 4 February 2018 and had a total purse of $350,000.

Mathias Christiansen
Mathias Christiansen (born 20 February 1994) is a Danish badminton player who joined the national team in July 2013. He was the silver medalists in the 2018 and 2024 European Championships, and also the bronze medalists in the 2016, 2017, and 2021 European Championships, as well at the 2023 European Games. He was part of Danish winning team at the 2016 Thomas Cup. He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
George Coffin
George Sturgis Coffin (September 8, 1903 – March 12, 1994) was an American writer and publisher of books on bridge and other games and a distributor of related books and supplies. He was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, and died at Waltham–Weston Hospital near his home in Belmont.

A descendant of Tristram's son Stephen Coffin, he was a 1928 graduate of Harvard and 1931 winner of The Bridge World international problem solving contest. He was also co-founder of the American Bridge Teachers Association (ABTA).

Coffin wrote more than 200 books that included bridge, poker, cribbage and other card games. At the bridge table he was known for his exceptional endplay technique (eliminations, squeezes and coups) resulting in his nickname "Endplays" Coffin, after his classic books of the same title.
He also wrote about fungi, on which he was an authority.

Coffin died of congestive heart failure at age 90, survived by his daughter Harriette Johnson of Shelburne Falls, MA, and two grandchildren.

Coup (bridge)
In contract bridge, coup is a generic name for various techniques in play, denoting a specific pattern in the lie and the play of cards; it is a special play maneuver by declarer.

There are various types of coup which can be effected.
Care in the Community
Care in the Community (also called "Community Care" or "Domiciliary Care") is a British policy of deinstitutionalisation, treating and caring for physically and mentally disabled people in their homes rather than in an institution. Institutional care was the target of widespread criticism during the 1960s and 1970s,  but it was not until 1983 that the government of Margaret Thatcher adopted a new policy of care after the Audit Commission published a report called 'Making a Reality of Community Care' which outlined the advantages of domiciliary care.

Audit Commission (United Kingdom)
The Audit Commission was a public corporation in the United Kingdom from 1983 to 2015. The commission's primary objective was to appoint auditors to a range of local public bodies in England, set the standards for auditors and oversee their work. The commission closed on 31 March 2015, with its functions being transferred to the voluntary, not-for-profit or private sector.

On 13 August 2010, it was leaked to the media, ahead of an official announcement, that the commission was to be scrapped. In 2009-10 the commission cost the central government £28 million to run, with the remainder of its income coming from audit fees charged to local public bodies.
City of Derry Jazz and Big Band Festival
The City Of Derry Jazz And Big Band Festival is a jazz festival held annually in Derry, Northern Ireland. It started in 2002 and is funded by Derry City and Strabane District Council, Guinness and the Department for Communities and is supported by BBC Radio Foyle and BBC Radio Ulster. It also features some blues and is one of the leading annual music events in Ireland.

BBC Radio Foyle
BBC Radio Foyle is a BBC Northern Ireland local radio station, serving County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. It is named after the River Foyle which flows through Derry, the city where the station is based.

It is an opt-out from BBC Radio's main Northern Ireland service, BBC Radio Ulster. Recent budget cuts saw some reduction in local programming, which now only airs during the week – currently airing between 8:00am and 4:00pm, along with some local evening programming. At all other times, and throughout the weekend, the station's frequencies carry BBC Radio Ulster.
Granary Square
Granary Square is a large open space in the London Borough of Camden. Comparable in size to Trafalgar Square, it is part of the larger King's Cross Central development. It has been cited as an example of a privately owned public space in London. The new Central Saint Martins complex is adjacent. Visitor attractions in the square include Queer Britain, the UK's first dedicated museum of LGBT history and culture.

The square incorporates a fountain consisting of 1,080 individual jets  rising from the flush paved surface of the plaza. Each jet has its own independently controlled pump and multi-color illumination. As of March 2015, visitors to the square can interact with the fountains to play a mobile version of the Snake game.

Other squares in the development will include Station Square, Pancras Square, Cubitt Square, and North Square.

London Borough of Camden
The London Borough of Camden (/ˈkæmdən/ ⓘ) is a borough in Inner London, England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross. The borough was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn,  St Pancras and Hampstead.

To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End, where it also borders the City of London. The cultural and commercial land uses in the south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in the north. Well known attractions include The British Museum, The British Library, the famous views from Parliament Hill, the London Zoo, the BT Tower, the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market. As of 2021 it has a population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council.
(re)Production
(re)Production is the twenty-first studio album by American musician Todd Rundgren, released on September 23, 2011, by Gigatone. For this album, Rundgren re-recorded songs that he had produced for other bands across his career, including Meat Loaf, Hall & Oates, The Tubes and Grand Funk Railroad.  (re)Production gives these songs a much more modern sheen, incorporating elements of electronic dance music and synthpop. The work was created during the MyRecordFantasy Camp sessions at the Track Shack in January 2011 arranged by the label Gigatone Records. Album packaging includes samples of cover art submissions by fans. Alternate covers were used for International, Domestic, and online versions.

The Tubes
The Tubes are a San Francisco-based rock band. Their self-titled 1975 debut album included the single "White Punks on Dope", while their 1983 single "She's a Beauty" was a top-10 U.S. hit and its music video was frequently played in the early days of MTV. The band also performed in the 1980 film Xanadu, singing the rock portion of the cross-genre song "Dancin'" opposite a big band.
The Burrowers
The Burrowers is a 2008 American horror Western film written and directed by J. T. Petty. It stars Clancy Brown, William Mapother, Karl Geary, Sean Patrick Thomas, and Doug Hutchison. Set in 1879, the film follows a rescue party in search of a family whose mysterious vanishing brings them face to face with deadly tunnel-boring creatures.

The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2008, before being released direct-to-DVD by Lionsgate on April 21, 2009. It received positive reviews from critics, with praise directed towards the story, Petty's direction, and its blending of film genres.

Doug Hutchison
Doug Anthony Hutchison (born May 26, 1960) is an American actor  known for his character roles in film and television, often playing disturbed and antagonistic characters. He was nominated for a Satellite Award for his portrayal of the sadistic corrections officer Percy Wetmore in the 1999 film adaptation of the Stephen King novel The Green Mile.

His other notable film roles include Obie Jameson in The Chocolate War (1988), Sproles in Fresh Horses (also 1988), Pete Willard in A Time to Kill (1996), and "Looney Bin Jim" in the Marvel Comics film adaptation Punisher: War Zone (2008). On television, Hutchison played a memorable guest role as Eugene Victor Tooms on The X-Files (1993, 1994) and a recurring role as Horace Goodspeed on Lost (2007–09).

In 2011, at the age of 51, he received widespread criticism when he married 16-year-old model Courtney Stodden. In 2021, after the couple had divorced, Stodden accused Hutchison of having groomed them. Hutchison denied the allegations.
History of construction
The history of construction traces the changes in building tools, methods, techniques and systems used in the field of construction. It explains the evolution of how humans created shelter and other structures that comprises the entire built environment. It covers several fields including structural engineering, civil engineering, city growth and population growth, which are relatives to branches of technology, science, history, and architecture. The fields allow both modern and ancient construction to be analyzed, as well as the structures, building materials, and tools used.

Construction is an ancient human activity that began at around 4000 BC as a response to the human need for shelter. It has evolved and undergone different trends over time, marked by a few key principles: durability of the materials used, increase in building height and span, the degree of control exercised over the interior environment, and finally, the energy available for the construction process.

Vault (architecture)
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost voussoir, the keystone, is positioned, the vault is not self-supporting. Where timber is easily obtained, this temporary support is provided by centering consisting of a framed truss with a semicircular or segmental head, which supports the voussoirs until the ring of the whole arch is completed.

The Mycenaeans (ca. 1800–1050 BC) were known for their tholos tombs, also called beehive tombs, which were underground structures with conical vaults. This type of vault is one of the earliest evidences of curved brick architecture without the use of stone arches, and its construction represented an innovative technique for covering circular spaces.
Seppo Repo
Seppo Hannu Antero Repo (born September 21, 1947 in Joensuu, Finland) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the SM-liiga.  He played for Jokerit, SaPKo, and TPS.  He was inducted into the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame in 1990.

He played one season in the WHA, spending the 1976-77 season with the Phoenix Roadrunners, playing alongside countrymen Pekka Rautakallio, Juhani Tamminen and Lauri Mononen. He was also part of the Finnish National Team that played one game that counted in the WHA's official standings during the 1978-79 season. He scored 29 goals and 60 points in 80 games his one season with Phoenix.

Western Hockey League (1952–1974)
The Western Hockey League (WHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league based in Western Canada that operated from 1952 to 1974. The league was managed for most of its history by Al Leader, and had roots in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and the Western Canada Senior Hockey League. The championship trophy of the WHL was the Lester Patrick Cup.
Steve Bartelstein
Steve Bartelstein is an American former television journalist. He was previously a news anchor in New York City, first at WABC-TV (1999–2007), a flagship station of the ABC television network, WCBS-TV (2007–2009), a flagship station of CBS and later in Chicago at WBBM-TV (2010–2011), a television station owned and operated by the television network CBS.

Broadcast journalism
Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds.
Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino
The Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino (KAMPI) (transl. Shoulder of the Free Filipino), formerly known as the Kabalikat ng Mamamayang Pilipino (transl. Shoulders of the Filipino People), was a political party in the Philippines. It is the main party of former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. In June 2008, Kampi merged into the Lakas–CMD.

Prospero Nograles
Prospero Rafael Castillo Nograles (October 30, 1947 – May 4, 2019, pronounced [nɔˈɡrɐlɛs]) also known as "Boy" or "Nogie", was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the speaker of the House of Representatives from 2008 to 2010. He was the first speaker from Mindanao in a hundred years of Philippine legislative history. From 1989 to 2010, he served as the representative for Davao City's 1st district.
Constitutional Court of Ukraine
The Constitutional Court of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Конституційний Суд України, romanized: Konstytutsiinyi Sud Ukrainy, pronounced [konstɪtʊˈts⁽ʲ⁾ijnɪj ˈsud ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) interprets the Constitution of Ukraine in terms of laws and other legal acts.

The Court initiated its activity on 18 October 1996. The first Court ruling was made on 13 May 1997.

On urgent matters the Constitutional Court rules within weeks, but on matters deemed less urgent it can take months.

Decisions of the Constitutional Court are binding, final, and cannot be appealed.

Verkhovna Rada of Crimea
Verkhovna Rada of Crimea or the Supreme Council of Crimea, officially the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, was the Ukrainian legislative body for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea before the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014.

The last election of parliament took place on 31 October 2010 (see 2010 Crimean parliamentary election) and was won by the Party of Regions and the Communist Party of Ukraine.

On 27 February 2014, unidentified armed men took over the parliament and hoisted the flag of Russia over it. On 15 March 2014 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine officially dissolved the parliament. On 17 March 2014, one day before the Russian annexation of Crimea, the State Council of Crimea was established in place of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea.
Lanchester Car Monument
The Lanchester Car Monument (grid reference SP087883) is an open-air galvanized steel sculpture of the Stanhope Phaeton, or Lanchester motor car. It is in Bloomsbury Village Green, a piece of reclaimed land in the Heartlands (Nechells) area of Birmingham, England. It was designed by Tim Tolkien to commemorate the work of Frederick William Lanchester.

At the age of twenty and with no formal qualifications, Lanchester so impressed the owner of the Forward Gas Engine Company of Birmingham that he was offered the position of assistant works manager at their factory near Bloomsbury Street where he made various improvements to the equipment produced by this company. Lanchester resigned from the company in 1893 and went on to produce the first all-British four-wheel petrol car.

Tim Tolkien
Tim Tolkien (born October 1962) is an English sculptor who has designed several monumental sculptures, including the award-winning Sentinel.

He has a metal sculpture and public Art business at Cradley Heath, West Midlands.  He is also a bass player and member of the band Klangstorm, founded in 1996.
Views on the nuclear program of Iran
Views on the nuclear program of Iran vary greatly, as the nuclear program of Iran is a very contentious geopolitical issue. Uriel Abulof identifies five possible rationales behind Iran’s nuclear policy: (i) Economy, mainly energy needs; (ii) Identity politics, pride and prestige; (iii) Deterrence of foreign intervention; (iv) Compellence to boost regional influence; and (v) Domestic politics, mitigating, through 'nuclear diversion' the regime’s domestic crisis of legitimacy. Below are considerations of the Iranian nuclear program from various perspectives.

Mossad
The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, romanized: ha-Mosád le-Modiʿín u-le-Tafkidím Meyuḥadím), popularly known as Mossad (UK: /ˈmɒsæd/ MOSS-ad, US: /moʊˈsɑːd/ moh-SAHD), is the national intelligence agency of the State of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security).

Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counter-terrorism. Its director answers directly and only to the prime minister. Its annual budget is estimated to be around ₪10 billion (US$2.73 billion), and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies. The organization has orchestrated many assassination plots across a variety of locations.
Mountain of Smoke
The Mountain of Smoke (Arabic: جبل الدخان, Jabal al Dukhan) is a hill in the Southern Governorate of Bahrain. At 134 m (440 ft) above mean sea level, it is the country's highest point. The Mountain of Smoke is named as such because of the haze which often surrounds it on humid days. A number of caves of indeterminate type are in the vicinity of this mountain. This limestone mountain offers panoramic views of Bahrain island, the main land mass of Bahrain.

Flint dating to the Stone Age has been found on and around the hill.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
Asbjørn Liland
Asbjørn Liland (28 August 1936 – 20 October 2019) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

Hailing from Gjerpen, he was a teacher, led the Open University in Trøndelag, and was the secretary-general of the Liberal Party from 1970 to 1980. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Sør-Trøndelag during the term 1965–1969. He met during 1 day of parliamentary session.

Sør-Trøndelag
Sør-Trøndelag (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsø̂ːˌʈrœndəlɑːɡ] ⓘ; lit. 'South Trøndelag') was a county comprising the southern portion of the present-day Trøndelag county in Norway. It bordered the old Nord-Trøndelag (lit. 'North Trøndelag') county as well as the counties of Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, and Hedmark. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean), and to the east is Jämtland in Sweden. The county was separated into a northern and southern part by the Trondheimsfjorden. Slightly over 200,000 of the county's population (or around 55%) lives in the city of Trondheim and its suburbs. The Norwegian dialect of the region is Trøndersk.

The region was divided into two administrative counties in 1804. In 2016, the two county councils voted to merge into a single county, which became effective 1 January 2018.
Nicolas Thys
Nicolas Thys (born 27 August 1968) is a Belgian bassist.  He graduated in 1994 from the Hilversum Conservatory (in the Netherlands), where he also taught bass and double bass. Thys took private lessons with Dave Holland, Marc Helias and Marc Johnson. He received several awards, most notably the Golden Django award for best young talent in 2001. Thys performed live with Toots Thielemans, Garrett List, Judy Niemack, Mark Turner, Jeanfrançois Prins, Ivan Paduart, Kris Defoort, Kenny Werner, and Mike Stern. He released his first CD with his band Alice's 5 Moons in 1997.

Django d'Or (jazz music award)
The Golden Django, named after guitarist Django Reinhardt, is an award for jazz musicians in Europe created by the French producer Frank Hagège.  The trophy is a creation of the French painter Raymond Moretti.  It was first introduced in France (in 1992), then in Belgium (1995), in Sweden and Italy (1999) and finally in Denmark (2001).
Zhang Pinghua
Zhang Pinghua (Chinese: 張平化; May 9, 1907 – July 23, 2001), born to a Hakka family in Yanling County, Hunan, China,  was a Chinese politician. His former name was Zhang Chucai (Chinese: 張楚材).  He joined the Chinese Communist Party in November 1927. He took part in the Northern Expedition and the "Long March" of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.

After 1949, Zhang worked as a local officer in Hubei, Hunan, and Shanxi one after another. After the Cultural Revolution, he was appointed as the Head of the CCP Publicity Department and then the Vice President of the Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party. Zhang died on July 23, 2001.

Central Party School
The Central Party School, officially the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a higher education institution that trains Chinese Communist Party (CCP) cadres. It is located in Haidian, Beijing, close to Summer Palace and Old Summer Palace.

The current president is Chen Xi, a former member of the CCP Politburo.