hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 America East men's soccer tournament
The 2024 America East Conference men's soccer tournament was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the America East Conference held from November 9 through November 17, 2024. The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Bryant Bulldogs, who were unable to defend their title. Bryant qualified for the Final but lost to Vermont 2–1.  It was the seventh America East tournament victory for the Vermont Catamounts soccer program, and second for Head Coach Rob Dow. As tournament champions, Vermont earned the America East's automatic berth into the 2024 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

America East Conference
The America East Conference (AmEast) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I whose members are located in the Northeastern United States. The conference is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

Founded in 1979, the conference has nine core members including eight public research universities, three of which - the University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and the University of Vermont - are the flagship universities of their states. Two non-flagship university centers of the State University of New York - the University at Albany and Binghamton University - are in the conference along with UMass Lowell, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and Bryant University.  Bryant is the latest institution to join the conference in 2022, when Stony Brook University and the University of Hartford departed the conference. It is the only private university among the core members.

The America East Conference sponsors 18 sports (8 men's and 10 women's).
Tungstic acid
Tungstic acid refers to hydrated forms of tungsten trioxide, WO3. Both a monohydrate (WO3·H2O) and hemihydrate (WO3·1/2 H2O) are known. Molecular species akin to sulfuric acid, i.e. (HO)2WO2 are not observed.

The solid-state structure of WO3·H2O consists of layers of octahedrally coordinated WO5(H2O) units where 4 vertices are shared. The dihydrate has the same layer structure with the extra H2O molecule intercalated. The monohydrate is a yellow solid and insoluble in water. The classical name for this acid is 'acid of wolfram'. Salts of tungstic acid are tungstates.

The acid was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1781.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carl Wilhelm Scheele (German: [ˈʃeːlə], Swedish: [ˈɧêːlɛ]; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist.

Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified the elements molybdenum, tungsten, barium, nitrogen, and chlorine, among others. Scheele discovered organic acids tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids. He preferred speaking German to Swedish his whole life, as German was commonly spoken among Swedish pharmacists.
Battle of Changshao
The Battle of Changshao (Chinese: 長勺之戰) was a military conflict between Qi and Lu, two major principality states in the Shandong Peninsula during the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou dynasty. The battle happened in the January (lunar calendar) of 684 BC at Changshao. Lu claimed the victory under the lead of general Cao Gui (曹劌). This battle is described in detail by Zuo Qiuming in his Spring and Autumn Commentary of Zuo (Zuozhuan), but it is not mentioned in Sima Qian's book of Shi Ji. This battle is considered as a classic example of winning by good military strategies, and the well-known chengyu 一鼓作氣 (yī gŭ zuò qì, lit: "first drum creates spirit", explained below) was derived from Cao Gui's assessment of the battle, as recorded by the Zuozhuan.

Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).

During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. The periodization dates to the late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – 9 CE).
Do Not Track legislation
Do Not Track legislation protects Internet users' right to choose whether or not they want to be tracked by third-party websites. It has been called the online version of "Do Not Call". This type of legislation is supported by privacy advocates and opposed by advertisers and services that use tracking information to personalize web content. Do Not Track (DNT) is a formerly official HTTP header field, designed to allow internet users to opt-out of tracking by websites—which includes the collection of data regarding a user's activity across multiple distinct contexts, and the retention, use, or sharing of that data outside its context. Efforts to standardize Do Not Track by the World Wide Web Consortium did not reach their goal and ended in September 2018 due to insufficient deployment and support.

Opt-out
The term opt-out refers to several methods by which individuals can avoid receiving unsolicited product or service information. This option is usually associated with direct marketing campaigns such as e-mail marketing or direct mail. A list of those who have opted out is called a Robinson list.
Cathepsin L2
Cathepsin L2 (EC 3.4.22.43, also known as cathepsin V or cathepsin U) is a protein encoded in humans by the CTSV gene.

The protein is a human cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine protease with endopeptidase activity.

The protein is a member of the papain-like protease family (MEROPS family C1), a lysosomal cysteine protease with endopeptidase activity. It may play an important role in corneal physiology. This gene is expressed in colorectal and breast carcinomas but not in normal colon, mammary gland, or peritumoral tissues, suggesting a possible role for this gene in tumor processes.

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
1998 Russian Indoor Athletics Championships
The 1998 Russian Indoor Athletics Championships (Russian: Чемпионат России по лёгкой атлетике в помещении 1998) was the 7th edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for Russia. It was held on 13–15 February at the Alexander Gomelsky Universal Sports Hall CSKA in Moscow. A total of 26 events (13 for men and 13 for women) were contested over the three-day competition. It was used for selection of the Russian team for the 1998 European Athletics Indoor Championships.

The Russian Combined Events Indoor Championships was held separately on 13–15 February in Lipetsk at the Jubilee Sports Palace.

Vyacheslav Shabunin
Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Shabunin (Russian: Вячеслав Васильевич Шабунин) (born 27 September 1969 in Kamyshlov, Sverdlovsk Oblast) is a Russian middle distance runner who specializes in the 1500 metres.  After a career that took him to three Olympics, he has continued into masters athletics. In 2010, he set world records in the M40 category for the 1500 metres, mile run, and 3000 metres.
William Fullarton (priest)
William Fullarton was Archdeacon of Armagh from 1633 until 1655.

Fullarton was ordained in 1628. He was a Prebendary of Carncastle in the Diocese of Connor he held livings at Termonfeckin, Derrykeighan, and Ahoghill.

He married Jeane, daughter of Bishop Robert Echlin: they had 9 children (Robert, William, John, Jeane, Margaret, Euphiam, Isobel, Mary, and Agnes).

Termonfeckin
Termonfeckin or Termonfechin (Irish: Tearmann Feichín, meaning 'Féchín's church land') is a small village and townland in County Louth, Ireland. It is within a civil parish of the same name, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) north-east of Drogheda. The population of the village almost quadrupled in the period between the 1996 and 2022 census, growing from 530 to 1,983 inhabitants.
Level-set method
The Level-set method (LSM) is a conceptual framework for using level sets as a tool for numerical analysis of surfaces and shapes. LSM can perform numerical computations involving curves and surfaces on a fixed Cartesian grid without having to parameterize these objects. LSM makes it easier to perform computations on shapes with sharp corners and shapes that change topology (such as by splitting in two or developing holes). These characteristics make LSM effective for modeling objects that vary in time, such as an airbag inflating or a drop of oil floating in water.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Casa Sanchez Foods
Casa Sanchez Foods is an American Mexican-style food snack company, based in the San Francisco Bay Area, best known for producing authentic salsas and tortilla chips. Beginning in the 1920s as a tortilla manufacturer in San Francisco, the company soon evolved to producing salsas, guacamoles, tamales, pupusas, and coffee beans.

The Casa Sanchez Building at 2778 24th Street in the Mission District has been listed as a San Francisco Designated Landmark (no. 296) by the city since February 11, 2022.

Pupusa
A pupusa is a thick griddle cake or flatbread from El Salvador and Honduras made with cornmeal or rice flour stuffed with one or more ingredients including cheese, beans, chicharrón, or squash. It can be served with curtido and tomato sauce and is traditionally eaten by hand. Pupusas have origins in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica but were first mentioned in 1837 by Guatemalan poet José Batres Montúfar. In El Salvador, the pupusa is the national dish and has a day to celebrate it.
Samuel Atta Mills
Samuel Atta Mills is a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem Constituency in the Central Region on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress.

Progressive People's Party (Ghana)
Progressive People's Party (PPP) (Akan: Kɔ anim ɔmanfo Apontow) is a political party in Ghana. It was formed in 2012 by Paa Kwesi Nduom, a businessman, politician and a former presidential candidate for the Convention People's Party during the 2008 general election. The PPP pulled 64,267 popular votes in the 2012 general elections with Papa Kwesi Nduom as a flagbearer and Brigitte Dzogbenuku as the running mate, making it the third-largest party and the second-largest opposition party in Ghana.

The party's National Head Office Building is located in Asylum Down, Accra. The motto of the party is "Prosperity in Peace" with "Awake" as slogan.
Lyutika
Lyutika (Bulgarian: лютика, pronounced [liuˈtika]) is a traditional vegetable mixture — salad or chunky relish, popular in the northern part of Bulgaria. It is consumed in the summer. Basic lyutika is made from roasted peppers, tomatoes, garlic, onions, and vegetable oil usually crushed with a pestle in a mortar. Often chopped parsley is added. Lyutika is served cold. The name comes from the pungent taste (lyut, meaning hot, pungent).

There are varieties of lyutika that include yogurt, sirene (white cheese), hardboiled eggs, or chunks of cooked chicken breasts.

Capsicum
Capsicum (/ˈkæpsɪkəm/) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to the Americas, cultivated worldwide for their edible fruit, which are generally known as "peppers" or "capsicum". Chili peppers grow on five species of Capsicum. Sweet or bell peppers and some chili peppers are Capsicum annuum, making it the most cultivated species in the genus.
2018 Summit League men's basketball tournament
The 2018 Summit League men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Summit League for the 2017–18 season. All tournament games were played at the Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, from March 3–6, 2018. Regular season champion South Dakota State defeated South Dakota in the championship game to win the tournament and receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.

Denny Sanford Premier Center
The Denny Sanford PREMIER Center is an indoor arena in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. The building is located at 1201 North West Avenue, and is connected to the Sioux Falls Arena and Sioux Falls Convention Center. The Arena's naming rights partners, and largest sponsors, are Sanford Health, First PREMIER Bank and PREMIER Bankcard.

Completed in 2014, the arena has a seating capacity of approximately 12,000 spectators and replaces the DakotaDome and Rushmore Plaza Civic Center as the largest indoor venue in South Dakota. The Sioux Falls Arena hosts smaller concerts and events, while the Denny Sanford PREMIER Center hosts large scale concerts and sporting events.
Multicultural families in South Korea
A growing number of families in South Korea have members that were not raised in South Korean culture. This includes both families with non-Korean members and families with Korean diaspora or North Korean defector members.

Policy changes are being made to accommodate their life in South Korea.

Korean diaspora
The Korean diaspora consists of around 7.3 million people, both descendants of early emigrants from the Korean Peninsula, as well as more recent emigrants from Korea. Around 86% of overseas Koreans live in just six countries: the United States, China, Japan, Canada, Vietnam 
and  Uzbekistan. Other countries with greater than 0.5% Korean minorities include Brazil, Russia, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. All of these figures include both permanent and temporary migrants. Outside of Continental and East Asia, there are sizeable Korean communities that have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Sargis Martirosjan
Sargis Martirosjan (Armenian: Սարգիս Մարտիրոսյան; born 14 September 1986) is an Austrian Olympian weightlifter. He competed in the men's 105 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

He represented Austria at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the men's +109 kg event, finishing 10th.

Austria at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Austria competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Olympic Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's twenty-eighth appearance at the Summer Olympics.

Austria won seven medals, a significant improvement on their 2016 result, when the country won only a single bronze medal. In women's road race, Anna Kiesenhofer won Austria's first gold medal at the Summer Olympics since 2004.

Equestrian Victoria Max-Theurer withdrew from the Olympics because her horse had a dental problem.
Taeyong
Lee Tae-yong (Korean: 이태용; born July 1, 1995), known mononymously as Taeyong (stylized in all caps), is a South Korean rapper, singer, songwriter, and dancer. He is a member and leader of South Korean boy band NCT under SM Entertainment, having debuted in the group's first sub-unit, NCT U, in 2016 and becoming the leader of its second sub-unit, NCT 127, later that year. In 2019, he debuted as a member of the South Korean supergroup SuperM, a joint project under SM Entertainment and Capitol Records. As a songwriter, Taeyong has participated in writing over 70 songs in four languages, released mostly by NCT's various units and himself as a soloist. He made his official solo debut in June 2023 with his EP Shalala, making him the first soloist from NCT.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
History of the Houston Astros
The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas that competes in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Astros are a member of the MLB's American League, having moved from the National League in 2013. The Astros are one of two MLB teams based in Texas, the other being the Texas Rangers. The team began with the name of the Colt .45s in 1962 and changed their name to the "Astros" in 1965 when they began playing in the Astrodome. They became the Houston Astronauts in 1965 due to association with NASA and the local astronaut training facility at the Johnson Space Center. The team has played in three ballparks in Houston: Colt Stadium (1962–1964), their second stadium became known as the Astrodome (1965–1999) due to their name, hence the artificial turf became known worldwide as Astroturf, and Daikin Park (2000–present). The Astros hold two World Series titles (2017 and 2022) and five pennants (one in the National League and four in the American League).

Ken Forsch
Kenneth Roth Forsch (born September 8, 1946) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher from 1970 to 1984, most prominently as a member of the Houston Astros where he helped the franchise win its first-ever National League Western Division title and postseason berth in 1980. A two-time All-Star player, Forsch pitched a no-hitter for the Astros on April 7, 1979. He ended his baseball career playing for the California Angels.
Adoration of the Christ Child (Lippi, Florence)
Adoration of the Christ Child is a 1463 tempera on panel painting by Filippo Lippi, in the Uffizi since 1919. It was last restored in 2007 by Daniele Rossi. It was first attributed to Lippi by Pudelko - he argued it was early in the artist's career due to its references to Beato Angelico's style, but Bernard Berenson later argued that these references instead placed it in a more mature phase.

It is also known as the Camaldoli Adoration of the Christ Child, named after the Camaldoli Monastery - according to the Lives of the Artists, it was commissioned by Lucrezia Tornabuoni for a cell there which had been rebuilt by her husband Piero il Gottoso in 1463. On the right are John the Baptist and Romuald, the latter being the founder of the Camaldoli Hermitage.

Lucrezia Tornabuoni
Lucrezia Tornabuoni (22 June 1427 – 28 March 1482) was an Italian noblewoman, wife of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, de facto Lord of Florence and his political adviser. Lucrezia had significant political influence during the rule of her husband and then of her son Lorenzo the Magnificent, investing in several institutions and improving relationships to support the needs of the poor. She was also a patroness of the arts who wrote several poems and plays.
Diether
Diether is a German given name, composed of the elements diet "people" and her "army".

It is distinct from, but in Modern German has become homophonic with, the name Dieter, which is a short form of Dietrich, composed of the same prefix but the unrelated suffix rihhi "rich".

People called Diether include:

Diether von Isenburg (d. 1482)

Diether von Roeder (d. 1918), eponymous of German destroyer Z17 Diether von Roeder

Diether Lukesch (1918–2004)

Diether Posser (1922–2010)

Diether Haenicke (1935–2009)

Diether Kunerth (1940–2024)

Diether Krebs (1947–2000)

Diether Ocampo (b. 1973)

Diether Perez (b. 2001)

Diether Ong (b. 2011)

New High German
New High German (NHG; German: Neuhochdeutsch (Nhdt., Nhd.)) is the term used for the most recent period in the history of the German language, starting in the 17th century. It is a loan translation of the German Neuhochdeutsch (Nhd.). The most important characteristic of the period is the development of a standard written German, followed by the standardisation of the spoken language. For this reason, the term New High German (or simply High German) is also used as a synonym for modern Standard German.
Satokhani
Satokhani is a village development committee in Surkhet District in the Bheri Zone of mid-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6426 people living in 1092 individual households.

Surkhet District
Surkhet District (Nepali: सुर्खेत जिल्ला, Listenⓘ) is a district in Karnali Province of mid-western and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. Surkhet is one of the ten districts of Karnali located about 600 kilometres (373 mi) west of the national capital Kathmandu. The district's area is 2,489 square kilometres (961 sq mi). It had 288,527 population in 2001 and 350,804 in 2011 which male comprised 169,461 and female 181,381. Its district headquarters, Birendranagar, is the capital of Karnali Province. It serves as a business hub and document center for Karnali province. According to population, development, road links, landforms, climate, many peoples are migrating here.
Forrest Ross
Forrestina Elizabeth Ross (23 June 1860 – 29 March 1936) was a notable New Zealand teacher, mountaineer, journalist and writer. She was born in Brixton, Surrey, England, in 1860. She was married to Malcolm Ross.

Forrest was the first female member of the New Zealand Alpine Club.

The Forrest Ross Glacier was named after her.

New Zealand Alpine Club
The New Zealand Alpine Club (NZAC), is a national climbing organisation in New Zealand. It was founded 1891 and is one of the oldest alpine clubs in the world. NZAC was one of many founding members of International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA), and still an active member. As of 2021, NZAC has over 4,000 members who are spread across twelve main sections, eleven in New Zealand and one in Australia, plus members in other countries. It runs a national office based in Christchurch.