hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Candoluminescence
Candoluminescence is the light given off by certain materials at elevated temperatures (usually when exposed to a flame) that has an intensity at some wavelengths which can, through chemical action in flames, be higher than the blackbody emission expected from incandescence at the same temperature. The phenomenon is notable in certain transition-metal and rare-earth oxide materials (ceramics) such as zinc oxide, cerium(IV) oxide and thorium dioxide.

Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It is a white powder which is insoluble in water. ZnO is used as an additive in numerous materials and products including cosmetics, food supplements, rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, sunscreens, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, semi conductors, and first-aid tapes. Although it occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, most zinc oxide is produced synthetically.
13th Army (Soviet Union)
The 13th Army (Russian: 13-я армия, romanized: 13-ya armiya, Ukrainian: 13-та армія, romanized: 13-ta armiya) was a name given to several field armies of the Soviet Union's Red Army. Later armies existed until the 1990s, and the army survived as part of the Ukrainian Ground Forces for some years.

Field army
A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps. It may be subordinate to an army group. Air armies are the equivalent formations in air forces, and fleets in navies. A field army is composed of 80,000 to 300,000 soldiers.
Laser Doppler vibrometer
A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) is a scientific instrument that is used to make non-contact vibration measurements of a surface. The laser beam from the LDV is directed at the surface of interest, and the vibration amplitude and frequency are extracted from the Doppler shift of the reflected laser beam frequency due to the motion of the surface. The output of an LDV is generally a continuous analog voltage that is directly proportional to the target velocity component along the direction of the laser beam.

Some advantages of an LDV over similar measurement devices such as an accelerometer are that the LDV can be directed at targets that are difficult to access, or that may be too small or too hot to attach a physical transducer. Also, the LDV makes the vibration measurement without mass-loading the target, which is especially important for MEMS devices.

Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period). The amplitude of a non-periodic signal is its magnitude compared with a reference value. There are various definitions of amplitude (see below), which are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes called the amplitude.
Abdelatif Chemlal
Abdelatif Chemlal (Arabic: عبداللطيف شملال) (born 11 January 1982 in Khouribga) is a Moroccan long-distance runner who specializes in the 3000 metre steeplechase. His personal best time is 8:21.00 minutes, achieved in June 2002 in Seville. He represented his country in the steeplechase at the 2004 Summer Olympics, running in the heats.

He was the bronze medallist in the steeplechase at the 2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics. He followed this up with another bronze at the African Junior Championships in Athletics the next year. In 2004 he won a continental medal on the senior stage, finishing behind David Chemweno and Richard Mateelong to take the bronze.

Chemlal was suspended by the IAAF from December 2004 to December 2006. He returned to international competition at the 2008 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and ran in the heats of the steeplechase at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics.

2009 World Championships in Athletics
The 12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 2009) were held in Berlin, Germany from 15 to 23 August 2009. The majority of events took place in the Olympiastadion, while the marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate.
Mir Ghesmat Mosavi Asl
Mir Ghesmat Mosavi Asl (Persian: ‌‌میرقسمت موسوی‌اصل; born 1961) is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician.

Mosavi was born in Germi, Ardabil province. He is a member of the 2000 and present Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Germi. Mosavi won with 18,004 (36.12%) votes.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
Simon Hackett (academic)
Simon Hackett is a British academic and former social worker, who specialises in child protection and child maltreatment. He had been Principal of St Mary's College, Durham between September 2011 and 2018. From 2008 to 2011, he was Head of the School of Applied Social Sciences at Durham University. Before returning to Durham as a professor, he was a Tutor at the University of Manchester, a lecturer at Durham University, and Professor of Child Welfare at the University of Bedfordshire. He had also worked as a Child Protection Officer and in youth justice.

Youth justice in England and Wales
In England and Wales, criminal law is delivered through two distinct systems: the adult and youth justice systems. The youth justice system was set up to prevent and control crime, anti-social behaviour and offences carried out by individuals under the age of 17 (with some exceptions extending to 18). It is overseen by the Youth Justice Board, which is an executive public body funded by the Ministry of Justice and set up under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Its purposes are set out in section 41 of that Act.

The youth justice system of England and Wales is regulated by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999, and is separate from the one in Northern Ireland and Scotland. In Northern Ireland, the youth justice system is regulated by the Justice Northern Ireland Act 2002. In Scotland, it is regulated by the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016 .
Roman Road, Cambridgeshire
The Roman Road in Cambridgeshire, also known as Worsted Street Roman Road, is a 12.4-hectare (31-acre) linear biological Site of Special Scientific Interest stretching from south-east of Cambridge to north of Linton. It is also a Scheduled Monument, and is maintained by Cambridgeshire County Council.

This green lane has calcareous grassland, thick hedges and small copses, which provide a valuable habitat for invertebrates. There are grasses such as sheep’s-fescue and quaking-grass, while herbs include wild carrot and purple milk-vetch.

The date of the road is uncertain, but archaeological excavation has confirmed that it is Roman, and probably constructed later than the first century. It was a local road connecting Cambridge to the Icknield Way.

The road is a public footpath and part of the E2 European long distance path.

E2 European long distance path
The E2 European long distance path or E2 path is a 4850 km (3010-mile) series of long-distance footpaths that is intended to run from Galway in Ireland to France's Mediterranean coast and currently runs through Scotland, England, Belgium, Luxembourg and France, with an alternative mid-section equally designated via the Netherlands and east coast of England and (since 2025) an alternative starting point at John o'Groats in Scotland. It is one of the network of European long-distance paths.

The paths are aimed at walkers; alternative routes exist in some parts for horse riders and cyclists.
Olivier Durocher (Quebec politician)
Olivier Durocher (November 12, 1743 – July 2, 1821) was a farmer and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born in Lanoraie in 1743, the son of Olivier Durocher, a doctor and merchant from Angers, France, and Thérèse Juillet, descended from one of the members of Adam Dollard des Ormeaux's party at Long Sault. Durocher served as a major in the militia. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Surrey in 1796.

He died at Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu in 1821.

His daughter, Eulalie Durocher, was the founder of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary in Canada.

Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu
Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿ɑ̃twan syʁ ʁiʃ(ə)ljø], lit. 'Saint-Antoine on Richelieu') is a municipality in southwestern Quebec, Canada, on the Richelieu River in the Regional County Municipality of La Vallée-du-Richelieu. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 1,738.

Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu was the birthplace of one of the Fathers of Confederation, George-Étienne Cartier.
South African Music Awards
The South African Music Awards (often simply the SAMAs) are the Recording Industry of South Africa's music industry awards, established in 1995. The ceremony is held annually, usually in late April or May, with the judging process starting in November of the previous year. The nominations are typically announced at the end of March. The winners receive a gold-plated statuette called a SAMA.

The show has mostly been held at the Super Bowl in Sun City, with the exception of three years, and broadcast live on national broadcaster, SABC. The ceremony features live performances as once-off collaborations by a selection of nominees.

Kwaito
Kwaito is a music genre that emerged in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, between the late 1980s and 1990s. It is a sound that features the use of South African sounds and samples. Kwaito songs occur at a slower tempo range than other styles of house music and often contain catchy melodic and percussive loop samples, deep bass lines and vocals. They are also very similar tempos to early 1990s NYC house tracks.
After the Storm (2016 film)
After the Storm (海よりもまだ深く, Umi yori mo Mada Fukaku; "Even Deeper than the Sea") is a 2016 Japanese family drama film written, directed and edited by Hirokazu Kore-eda. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and was released in Japan on May 21, 2016. The film received acclaim from critics.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
1920 Calgary municipal election
The 1920 Calgary municipal election was held on December 15, 1920 to a Mayor and six Aldermen to sit on Calgary City Council for two years, and two Aldermen to sit for one year. Additionally a Commissioner, three members for the Public School Board and two members for the Separate School Board were elected.

There were twelve aldermen on city council, but six of the positions were already filled: Frank Freeze, George Harry Webster, Annie Gale, and Fred Shouldice, were all elected to two-year terms in 1919 and were still in office. Both Samuel Hunter Adams and Issac G. Ruttle resigned their positions as Aldermen to run for mayor.

A number of plebiscites were held, all requiring a majority to pass.

The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for Alderman being two years and the Mayor being one year.

Hannah Gale
Hannah "Annie" Elizabeth Rolinson Gale (December 29, 1876 – August 7, 1970) was a British-born Canadian politician who was one of the first women to hold an elected political position in Canada. She served as an Alderman on Calgary City Council 1918 to 1924.
Dan Hamilton (politician)
Daniel Paul Hamilton (born August 17, 1976) is an American politician. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 20th District, serving from 2008 to 2018, and a member of the Republican Party.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Reiko Miyaoka
Reiko Miyaoka (Japanese: 宮岡 礼子, born 1951) is a Japanese mathematician and professor at Tohoku University, known for her research on hypersurfaces. In 2001 she won the Geometry prize of the Mathematical Society of Japan. She received her Ph.D. in 1983 from Tokyo Institute of Technology. Her husband Yoichi Miyaoka is also a mathematician.

Tokyo Institute of Technology
The Tokyo Institute of Technology (東京工業大学) was a public university in Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. It merged with Tokyo Medical and Dental University to form the Institute of Science Tokyo on 1 October 2024.

The Tokyo Institute of Technology was a Designated National University and a Top Type university of Top Global University Project designated by the Japanese government. Tokyo Tech's main campus was located at Ōokayama on the boundary of Meguro and Ota, with its main entrance facing the Ōokayama Station. Other campuses are located in Suzukakedai and Tamachi. Tokyo Tech was organised into 6 schools, within which there are over 40 departments and research centres. Tokyo Tech enrolled 4,734 undergraduates and 1,464 graduate students for 2015–2016.
Ham Castle
Ham Castle (also known as Home or Homme Castle) is located in Worcestershire at the bottom of a wooded escarpment (and close to the River Teme), within the  parish of Clifton-upon-Teme, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village of Clifton-upon-Teme and  4 miles (6.4 km) south of Great Witley.

It was a medieval motte and bailey castle.  A hoard of medieval gold and silver was found on the site in the 17th century.  Only a mound now remains.

Great Witley
Great Witley is a village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District in the northwest of the county of Worcestershire, England. It is situated around ten miles to the north west of the city of Worcester. The parish had a population of 743 in 2021.

The civil parish shares a group parish council with Hillhampton, known as the Great Witley and Hillhampton Parish Council.
Steven Wright (rugby union)
Steven Terence Howard Wright (14 February 1927 — 1 July 1965) was a Scottish international rugby union player.

Wright attended Stewart's College in Edinburgh, where in addition to playing rugby he captained the cricket XI. He was dux of the school in 1945 and pursued further studies at the University of Edinburgh.

A Stewart's College FP prop, Wright was capped for Scotland in a 1949 Calcutta Cup match against England at Twickenham, replacing an injured Hamish Dawson in the front-row.

Wright played for English club Cheltenham during the 1950s.

Calcutta Cup
The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the rugby match between teams of England and Scotland played annually in the Six Nations Championship. Like the match itself (England–Scotland), the Calcutta Cup is the oldest trophy contested between any two international rugby union teams, pre-dating the Bledisloe Cup (Australia–New Zealand) by more than half a century. It is also the oldest of several trophies awarded under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, which include the Millennium Trophy (England–Ireland), Centenary Quaich (Ireland–Scotland), Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (France–Italy), Auld Alliance Trophy (France–Scotland), the Doddie Weir Cup (Scotland–Wales) and the Cuttitta Cup (Italy–Scotland).
Bradley Tusk
Bradley Tusk (born October 3, 1973) is an American businessman, venture capitalist, political strategist, and writer. He is the founder and CEO of Tusk Ventures, a venture capital fund focused on investing in early-stage startups in regulated industries. His foundation Tusk Philanthropies focuses on mobile voting and anti-hunger policy campaigns in the United States. He is also the former chairman of IG Acquisition Corp. Tusk is a columnist for Fast Company, and is the author of The Fixer: My Adventures Saving Startups from Death by Politics.

He previously served as the campaign manager for New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's successful 2009 re-election bid, as Deputy Governor of Illinois, as Communications Director for US Senator Chuck Schumer and as an early political advisor to Uber.

Political consulting
Political consulting is a form of consulting that consists primarily of advising and assisting political campaigns. Although the most important role of political consultants is arguably the development and production of mass media (largely television, direct mail, and digital advertising), consultants advise campaigns on many other activities, ranging from opposition research and voter polling, to field strategy and get out the vote efforts.
Fiolstræde 20
Fiolstræde 20 is a Neoclassical building situated at the corner of Fiolstræde and Krystalgade in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. Constructed by Niels Schønberg Kurtzhals for grocer Jens Christopher Friborg in 1810–11, it is now part of a larger complex of buildings comprising Fiolstræde 20–24 and Krystalgade 14–16. Fiolstræde 20 and Krystalgade 16 were jointly listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1951. The current owner of the complex is Lægernes Pension, a pension fund for medical doctors in Denmark.

Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen
The Church of Our Lady (Danish: Vor Frue Kirke) is the Lutheran cathedral of Copenhagen. It is situated on the Frue Plads public square in central Copenhagen, next to the historic main building of the University of Copenhagen.

The present-day version of the church was designed by the architect Christian Frederik Hansen (1756–1845) in the Neoclassical style and was completed in 1829.
La vera costanza
La vera costanza (True Constancy), Hob. 28/8, is an operatic dramma giocoso by Joseph Haydn. The Italian libretto was a shortened version of the one by Francesco Puttini set by Pasquale Anfossi for the opera of the same name given in Rome in 1776. The story explores the troubles of a sentimental heroine abandoned by a mad lover.

Pasquale Anfossi
Pasquale Anfossi (5 April 1727 – February 1797) was an Italian opera composer. Born in Taggia, Republic of Genoa, he studied with Niccolò Piccinni and Antonio Sacchini, and worked mainly in London, Venice and Rome.

He wrote more than 80 operas, both opera seria and opera buffa, although he concentrated on church music, especially oratorios, during his last years. Anfossi died in Rome in 1797.
2014 Aaron's 499
The 2014 Aaron's 499 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race run on May 4, 2014, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama. Contested over 188 laps on the 2.66 miles (4.28 km) tri-oval, it was the tenth race of the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Denny Hamlin won the race, his first points paying win at a restrictor plate track, and joined a list of drivers to win in their 300th start, while Greg Biffle finished second and Clint Bowyer, Brian Vickers, and A. J. Allmendinger rounded out the top five. The top rookies of the race were Kyle Larson (9th), Austin Dillon (15th), and Michael Annett (16th). This was the last race for the sponsor Aaron's

Lincoln, Alabama
Lincoln is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1911. At the 2020 census, the population was 6,845. It was named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln, who served in the American army during the Revolutionary War.

The Talladega Superspeedway, the International Motorsports Hall of Fame and the Talladega Municipal Airport are all located in Lincoln.
Shibetsu, Hokkaido
Shibetsu (士別市, Shibetsu-shi; Ainu: シペㇳ Sipet) is a city located in Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of 31 December 2024, the city had an estimated population of 16,400 in 706 households, and a population density of 15 people per km2. The total area of the city is 1,119.22 km2 (432.13 sq mi).

Kamikawa Subprefecture
Kamikawa (上川総合振興局, Kamikawa-sōgō-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. The name is derived from Kamikawa no hitobito no Shūraku (Village of the Upstream People), a translation of the Ainu Peni Unguri Kotan. Settlement began in 1867. The sub-prefecture was established in 1897.

Asahikawa Airport stretches over the outskirts of Asahikawa City and Higashikagura in Kamikawa (Ishikari) District.
Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach station
Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach station is a station on the Odenwald Railway (German: Odenwaldbahn) in the town of Groß-Umstadt in the German state of Hesse. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station. The Odenwald Railway running from Eberbach branches at the station towards Darmstadt and Hanau. The station is located in the area administered by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (Rhine-Main Transport Association, RMV).

Hanau Hauptbahnhof
Hanau Hauptbahnhof is a railway station in Hanau in the German state of Hesse, and is a major railway junction east of Frankfurt am Main. It was opened in 1867, but the current building was built in the late 1960s. It is located about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) south-east of central Hanau. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn (DB) as a category 2 station and has many train services, including Intercity Express, regional and S-Bahn services.
Philippe Tissié
Philippe Auguste Tissié (1852–1935) was one of the first neuropsychiatrists in France. Together with Pierre de Coubertin and Paschal Grousset, he was the founder of French physical education, developing the schooling system to include sports and games. He was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1932.

Neuropsychiatry
Neuropsychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with psychiatry as it relates to neurology, in an effort to understand and attribute behavior to the interaction of neurobiology and social psychological factors. Within neuropsychiatry, the mind is considered "as an emergent property of the brain", whereas other behavioral and neurological specialties might consider the two as separate entities. Those disciplines are typically practiced separately.

Currently, neuropsychiatry has become a growing subspecialty of neurology as it closely relates the fields of neuropsychology and behavioral neurology, and attempts to utilize this understanding to better understand psychological trauma, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette syndrome, among others.