hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lateral expansion
Lateral expansion, in economics, is the growth of a business enterprise through the acquisition of similar companies, in the hope of achieving economies of scale or economies of scope. Unchecked lateral expansion can lead to powerful conglomerates or monopolies.

Related is vertical expansion, which is the growth of a business enterprise through the acquisition of companies that produce the intermediate goods needed by the business or help market and distribute its final goods.  Any such value chain activities can be acquired through vertical expansion.

Economies of scope
Economies of scope are "efficiencies formed by variety, not volume" (the latter concept is "economies of scale"). In the field of economics, "economies" is synonymous with cost savings and "scope" is synonymous with broadening production/services through diversified products. Economies of scope is an economic theory stating that average total cost (ATC) of production decrease as a result of increasing the number of different goods produced. For example, a gas station primarily sells gasoline, but can sell soda, milk, baked goods, etc. and thus achieve economies of scope since with the same facility, each new product attracts new dollars a customer would have spent elsewhere. The business historian Alfred Chandler argued that economies of scope contributed to the rise of American business corporations during the 20th century.
Oru Sumangaliyude Katha
Oru Sumangaliyude Katha is a 1984 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Baby, with story written by Oscar Movies' M. Bhaskar and produced by S. Kumar. The film stars Jagathy Sreekumar, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Ratheesh and Santhosh. The film has musical score by Shyam and Usha Uthup.

Ratheesh
Ratheesh (11 September 1954 – 23 December 2002) was an Indian actor best known for his work in Malayalam cinema. He was a native of Kalavoor in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. He performed villainous roles during the 1990s. He had acted in 158 films with directors such as K. G. George, I. V. Sasi, Joshiy, P. G. Vishwambharan, Thampy Kannamthanam, Sreekumaran Thampi, Rajasenan,P.K.Joseph and Shaji Kailas. Unlike other villains of the time, Ratheesh captivated the Malayalam movie lovers with his charms and handsome looks.He attained superstardom for a brief while during the 80s.
Zsolt Csenger-Zalán
Zsolt Csenger-Zalán (born 22 August 1957) is a Hungarian chemical engineer, businessman, politician and diplomat, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Budaörs (Pest County Constituency IX) between 2010 and 2014, and for Budakeszi (Pest County Constituency II) from 2014 to 2022.

Pest County
Pest (Hungarian: Pest vármegye, pronounced [ˈpɛʃt]; German: Komitat Pest) is a county (vármegye) in central Hungary. It covers an area of 6,393.14 square kilometres (2,468.41 sq mi), and has a population of 1,339,090 (2023). The suburbs of Budapest surrounds the national capital Budapest and is the county's largest administrative unit (13.8%/1.3 million in 2013). It shares borders with Slovakia and the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Bács-Kiskun, Fejér, and Komárom-Esztergom. The River Danube flows through the county. The capital of Pest County is Budapest, although Budapest is not part of Pest County. Starting 2018, they also constitute different NUTS:HU level 2 regions, as previously Pest County has lost catch-up aids from the European Union because of the high development of Budapest.
Brutus and Portia
Brutus and Portia is a painting in tempera on panel of c. 1486–1490 by Ercole de' Roberti in the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, which acquired it in 1986. It shows Caesar's assassin Marcus Junius Brutus and his wife Porcia.

This panel, Brutus, Lucretia and Collatinus and The Wife of Hasdrubal and Her Children were originally part of a series of works depicting famous women of antiquity, probably commissioned by Ercole I d'Este's wife Eleanor of Aragon and referring back to the motto of her father, Ferdinand I of Naples: "Preferisco la morte al disonore" ('I prefer death to dishonor').

Panel painting
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel of wood, either a single piece or a number of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the more popular support medium in the 16th century, panel painting was the normal method, when not painting directly onto a wall (fresco) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts). Wood panels were also used for mounting vellum paintings.
Teaching Hospital Kurunegala
The  Teaching Hospital Kurunegala (THK) , previously known as Kurunegala Provincial General Hospital, is a teaching hospital in Kurunegala, North Western Province, Sri Lanka. As of 2021, it was the third largest hospital in the country, with more than 2300 beds and more than 3500 staff. The hospital is set on 35 acres of land and contains more than 100 units. The hospital serves more than 1.2 million patients annually, including patients from others district, such as Anuradhapura District, Polonnaruwa District, Trincomalee District, and Mathale District.

Polonnaruwa District
Polonnaruwa District (Sinhala: පොළොන්නරුව දිස්ත්‍රික්කය; Tamil: பொலன்னறுவை மாவட்டம்) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. It is also one of the two districts of North Central Province and has an area of 3,293 km2.

The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Polonnaruwa.
Royal Musical Association
The Royal Musical Association (RMA) is a British scholarly society and charity. Founded in 1874, the Association claims to be the second oldest musicological society in the world, after that of the Netherlands. Activities include organizing and sponsoring academic conferences in the United Kingdom, and making awards for outstanding scholarship, notably the annual Dent Medal.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Myoe Haung
Myoe Haung or Myohaung (Pwo Eastern Karen: ဍုံလီ; Burmese: မြို့ဟောင်း [mjo̰ ha̰ʊN]) is a village in Kyain Seikgyi Township, Kawkareik District, in the Kayin State of Burma (Myanmar). It is on the Sadaw Marsh (Sadaw Chaung), eastern part of the foothills of the Tenasserim Range.

Eastern Pwo language
Eastern Pwo or Phlou,(Pwo Eastern Karen: ဖၠုံ, ဖၠုံယှိုဝ်, ဖၠုံဘာႋသာ့ဆ်ုခၠါင်, ဖၠုံဆ်ုခၠါင်, Burmese: အရှေ့ပိုးကရင်) is a Karen language spoken by Eastern Pwo people and over a million people in Myanmar and by about 50,000 in Thailand, where it has been called Southern Pwo. It is not intelligible with other varieties of Pwo, with which it shares 63 to 65% lexical similarity. The Eastern Pwo dialects share 91 to 97% lexical similarity.

A script called Leke was developed between 1830 and 1860 and is used by members of the millenarian Leke sect of Buddhism. Otherwise, a variety of Mon-Burmese alphabets are used, and refugees in Thailand have created a Thai alphabet that is in limited use.
Mabi forest
Mabi forests (also known as Complex Notophyll Vine Forests) are a type of ecological community found in the Australian state of Queensland which is considered to be  critically endangered and which consists of remnant patches found only either in North Queensland's Atherton Tablelands or at Shiptons Flat (also known as Kuna) along the Annan River.

Atherton Tableland
The Atherton Tableland is a fertile plateau, which is part of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland, Australia. It has very deep, rich basaltic soils and the main industry is agriculture. The principal river flowing across the plateau is the Barron River, which was dammed to form the irrigation reservoir named Lake Tinaroo.  Unlike many other rural areas, the Tablelands is experiencing a significant growth in population.
Recep Pasha
Recep Pasha (also transliterated in the past as Rajab Pasha or Ragab Pasha or Redjep Pasha or Redjeb Pasha, or  Rajab Bacha or even Rajab Basha; died 1726) was an Ottoman statesman.

Recep Pasha became a vizier in September 1707 and served as the Ottoman governor of Diyarbekir Eyalet (1707–10, 1725), Van Eyalet (1710–11), Sivas Eyalet (1711–12, 1726), Trabzon Eyalet (1712–13, 1724–25), Sanjak of Teke (1713–14), Sanjak of Jerusalem (1714–16), Damascus Eyalet (1716, 1718), Aleppo Eyalet (1719–1720, 1721–24), Egypt Eyalet (1720–21), and Tbilisi (1724).

He was of Albanian origin. He married Emine Sultan, the daughter of Ottoman Sultan Mustafa II.

Diyarbekir Eyalet
The Eyalet of Diyarbekir (Arabic: إيالة ديار بكر; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت دیاربكر, romanized: Eyālet-i Diyār-i Bekr) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was 20,332 square miles (52,660 km2), slightly larger than the original Abbasid province in Upper Mesopotamia. In 1846 it was succeeded by the Kurdistan Eyalet.
Mantra pushpam
Mantra pushpam is a Vedic hymn that is sung at the time of the offering of flowers to the Hindu deities at the very end of the Pujas. The mantra is considered to be the flower of Vedic chants.

This mantra is taken from the Taittiriya Aranyakam of the Yajur Veda. It speaks of the unlimited benefits which will be conferred by the secret knowledge of the water, fire, air, the sun, the moon, the stars, the clouds and time. It is normally sung in a chorus by all the Pujaris (priests) together after performing any Puja (worship) or Yajna. It tells in short that water (here water is ether) is the basis of this universe.

Pujari
Pūjari is a designation given to a Hindu temple priest who performs pūja. The word comes from the Sanskrit word "पूजा" meaning worship. They are responsible for performing temple rituals, including pūjā and aarti. Pujari are mainly drawn from the Brahmin varna.
Malungon
Malungon, officially the Municipality of Malungon (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Malungon; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Malungun, Jawi: ايڠد نوملوڠون; Tagalog: Bayan ng Malungon), is a municipality in the province of Sarangani, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 108,429 people.

The only landlocked municipality in Sarangani, Malungon lies in the north-eastern part of the province. It is bounded on the west by Tupi, South Cotabato, on the north by the province of Davao del Sur, east by Malita, capital of the newly created province of Davao Occidental, on the south by Alabel (the provincial capital) and General Santos, and on the south-west by Polomolok, South Cotabato.

Tupi, South Cotabato
Tupi, officially the Municipality of Tupi (Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Tupi; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Tupi; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tupi; Kapampangan: Balen ning Tupi; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Tupi, Jawi: ايڠد نو توڤي), is a municipality in the province of South Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 73,459 people.

Nestled at the foot of a dormant volcano, Mount Matutum, Tupi is considered as the fruit, vegetable and flower basket of South Cotabato.
Etorofus anthracinus
Etorofus anthracinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1875. They are found in North America and can be observed seeking the dead parts of living trees for development.

John Lawrence LeConte
John Lawrence LeConte MD (May 13, 1825 – November 15, 1883) was an American entomologist, responsible for naming and describing approximately half of the insect taxa known in the United States during his lifetime, including some 5,000 species of beetles. He was recognized as the foremost authority on North American beetles during his career, and has been described as "the father of American beetle study".
Bhateali
Bhateali, or Bhattiyali, is a Western Pahari language of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. It Is spoken majorily in the Bhattiyat division of Chamba, Dalhousie as well as Nurpur division of Kangra and hilly parts of Pathankot district of Punjab. The 2011 Indian Census counted 15,347 speakers, of which 15,107 were found in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.

Bhateali has sometimes been counted as a dialect of either Kangri. It is listed under Western Pahari languages group.

It was historically written using the Takri script.

Pathankot district
Pathankot district, the northernmost district of Punjab, India, was formed on 27 July 2011, after being carved out from Gurdaspur district. Pathankot serves as the district headquarters. The district shares its borders with Pakistan to the west and lies strategically close to the Union territory of Jammu & Kashmir and the state of Himachal Pradesh, making it a vital trade and transportation hub in the region.
Zaynab Sultan Khanum
Zaynab Sultan Khanum was a Safavid princess of the 16th century. She was the wife of Bahram Mirza Safavi, son of Shah Ismail, and was the mother of Prince Ibrahim Mirza.

She was a member of the old line of Shirvanshahs, a local Persian dynasty of great antiquity, claiming pre-Islamic ancestry. At that time, local Persian line were not yet fully integrated in the Safavid system, but started to gain more influence within the struggle between the Safavids and the Qizilbash. For the Safavid, such marital alliances with Persians tended to give them local legitimacy and power.

Ibrahim Mirza
Ibrahim Mirza, Solṭān Ebrāhīm Mīrzā, in full Abu'l Fat'h Sultan Ibrahim Mirza (Persian: ابوالفتح سلطان ابراهیم میرزا; April 1540 – 23 February 1577) was a Persian prince of the Safavid dynasty, who was a favourite of his uncle and father-in-law Shah Tahmasp I, but who was executed by Tahmasp's successor, the Shah Ismail II.  Ibrahim is now mainly remembered as a patron of the arts, especially the Persian miniature.  Although most of his library and art collection was apparently destroyed by his wife after his murder, surviving works commissioned by him include the manuscript of the Haft Awrang of the poet Jami which is now in the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.
Columbus School for Girls
Columbus School for Girls (CSG) is a private, all-girls college-preparatory day school located in Bexley, Ohio, United States, an enclave of Columbus. It serves students from 3 years old to 12th grade and it is the only all-girls high school in Franklin County.

Country Day School movement
The Country Day School movement is a movement in progressive education that originated in the United States during the late 19th century. Country Day Schools sought to recreate the educational rigor, atmosphere, camaraderie and character-building aspects of the best college-prep boarding schools, while allowing students to return to their families at the end of the day. To avoid the crime, pollution and health problems of the industrial cities of the early 20th century, the schools were sited in the 'country', where wealthy families owned large homes in areas that would later be known as suburbs.
Ludham Borehole
The Ludham Borehole was a geological research borehole drilled in 1959 near Ludham, Norfolk, UK. A continuous core sample of late Pliocene and early Pleistocene sediments of the Crag Group was recovered. Analysis allowed biostratigraphic zonal schemes for fossil pollen, foraminifera, mollusca and dinoflagellates to be constructed for horizons of the  Red Crag and  Norwich Crag  Formations, and for these formations to be thus correlated with strata of equivalent age in the North Sea basin and north-west Europe.

Crag Group
The Crag Group is a geological group outcropping in East Anglia, England and adjacent areas of the North Sea. Its age ranges from approximately 4.4 to 0.478 million years BP, spanning the late Pliocene and early to middle Pleistocene epochs.
Frank Wappat
Frank Wappat (17 February 1930 – 17 February 2014) was an English radio personality, disc jockey and singer from Hebburn, County Durham. He worked with The Premier Band, Bobby Thompson, Renato Pagliari (of Renée And Renato fame), The Pipe-dreamers, Flintlock, The Dooleys and many others, in a career spanning from the 1950s to the 2010s.

Flintlock (band)
Flintlock were a 1970s pop group from Essex, England. Its members were Derek Pascoe (vocals/saxophone, born 20 October 1957), Mike Holoway (drums/percussion, born 28 January 1961), Jamie Stone (bass/vocals, born 29 September 1957), John Summerton (guitar/vocals, born 8 January 1961) and Bill Rice (keyboards, born 3 October 1957). Their only song to chart in their native country was "Dawn", which peaked at number 30 in 1976.
Sergeant Tabloid
Sergeant Tabloid is a Hong Kong television drama produced by TVB under executive producer Nelson Cheung. The drama tells the story of female police officers of the Hong Kong Police Force, using their perspectives to look at issues of modern women experience in society. Sergeant Tabloid first aired on TVB's overseas affiliates and partners from 2 to 27 April 2012.

The first episode premiered on Hong Kong's Jade and HD Jade channels on 11 March 2013.

Sergeant Tabloid has been well received by overseas viewers, and TVB has plans to produce a sequel.

Vincent Wong (Hong Kong actor)
Vincent Wong Ho Shun (Chinese: 王浩信; born 7 July 1983) is a Hong Kong actor and singer currently contracted to TVB and Shaw Brothers Studio.

Wong had won the TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actor with his role in the Legal Mavericks series in 2017 and 2020 respectively.
Istanbul Şehir University
Istanbul Şehir University (Turkish: İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi, lit. 'City University of Istanbul') was a private, non-profit university located in Istanbul, Turkey. It was established in 2008 by the Bilim ve Sanat Vakfı (BiSaV or BSV, English: Foundation for Science and Arts). The university started its education in the academic year of 2010–11 at its campus in Altunizade, Üsküdar, following a ceremony held on October 5, 2010 that was attended by then President Abdullah Gül, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ahmet Davutoğlu.

The university was closed down on June 30, 2020, after it faced financial difficulties stemming from a legal land dispute, which in turn was fueled by a bitter political feud. With Presidential Decree No. 2708, issued on June 30, 2020, the official authorization of Istanbul Şehir University was revoked. Following this decision, the university's campus and students were transferred to Marmara University.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkish: Dışişleri Bakanlığı) is the governmental body responsible for conducting foreign relations of the Republic of Turkey. The Ministry is responsible for Turkey's diplomatic missions abroad as well as providing support for Turkish citizens and  promoting  Turkish culture. The ministry  implements Turkish foreign policy in accordance with the country's national interests. Established on 2 May 1920, its primary duties are administering diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, and representing the Republic of Turkey at the United Nations.

The ministry is headquartered in the Turkish capital of Ankara and counts on more than 200 missions as embassies, permanent representation offices and consulates general, abroad. As of 2021, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs maintains 235 diplomatic posts worldwide.

The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Hakan Fidan, who has held the position since 3 June 2023.
We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank
We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank is the fifth studio album by American alternative rock band Modest Mouse, released in 2007. It followed their previous studio album, 2004's Good News for People Who Love Bad News. It is the band's only full-length with former Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr as well as Joe Plummer as members. It is also their last with founding member and bassist Eric Judy. It has a strong nautical theme and was originally envisioned as a concept album about a boat crew that dies in every song.

This album was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 11, 2009. As of February 2015, it has sold 649,000 copies in the US.

Isaac Brock (musician)
Isaac Kristofer Brock (born July 9, 1975) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is the lead vocalist, principal songwriter, guitarist and only constant member of the indie rock band Modest Mouse, as well as his side project band, Ugly Casanova.

As a songwriter, Brock is noted for his wordplay and frequent use of metaphors, philosophical lyrics, themes of authentic rural lifestyles, and phrases and sayings commonly used in the early to mid-20th century and in blue collar environments. Brock is the sole founding member of Modest Mouse still with the band; he is also the only member to appear on all of its studio albums.
1964 LPGA Championship
The 1964 LPGA Championship was the tenth LPGA Championship, held October 1–4 at Stardust Country Club in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Mary Mills shot a final round 69 (−2) to win the first of her two LPGA Championships, two strokes ahead runner-up Mickey Wright, the defending champion and 54-hole leader. The total of 278  set a record for the championship which stood until 1978; it was the second of three career majors for Mills.

It was the fourth of six consecutive LPGA Championships at Stardust, which opened three years earlier. After several ownership and name changes, it became Las Vegas National Golf Club in 1998.

Mickey Wright
Mary Kathryn "Mickey" Wright (February 14, 1935 – February 17, 2020) was an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She became a member of the tour in 1955 and won 82 LPGA Tour career events including 13 major championships. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
There but for Fortune (song)
"There but for Fortune" is a song by American folk musician Phil Ochs. Ochs wrote the song in 1963 and recorded it twice, for New Folks Volume 2 (Vanguard, 1964) and Phil Ochs in Concert (Elektra, 1966). Joan Baez also recorded "There but for Fortune" in 1964, and her version of the song became a chart hit.

Vanguard Records
Vanguard Recording Society is an American record label set up in 1950 by brothers Maynard and Seymour Solomon in New York City. It was primarily a classical label during its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, but also has a catalogue of recordings by a number of pivotal jazz, folk, and blues musicians. The Bach Guild was a subsidiary label.

The label was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in April 2015.
Karunagappally Assembly constituency
Karunagappally State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 assembly elections, the current MLA is C. R. Mahesh of Indian National Congress.

Oachira
Oachira or Ochira (Ōcciṟa) is  in the Karunagappalli taluk of Kollam district. It includes areas of Kayamkulam in Alappuzha district and Kollam district. Ochira Gram Panchayat came into existence in 1953. Gram panchayats of Ochira, Kulasekharapuram, Thazhava, and Klapana are included in the Ochira block.

It is considered a sacred place by some.