hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernt P. Stigum
Bernt Petter Stigum (born 10 September 1931) is a Norwegian economist.

He was born in Oslo and graduated from Oslo Cathedral School in 1949. Following military service and studies in various European countries, Stigum took the BA in economics at Dartmouth College in 1956, followed by the MA and PhD at Harvard University in 1958 and 1962, respectively. He played college soccer for the Dartmouth Indians.

Stigum was an intern at the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1961–1962, then assistant professor at Cornell University from 1962 to 1968. He became associate professor at the Northwestern University in 1968 and subseequently professor in 1970, before moving home to Oslo and serving as a professor economics at the University of Oslo from 1974 to 2001. His main field was mathematical economics. He was inducted into the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1988.

MIT Sloan School of Management
The MIT Sloan School of Management (branded as MIT Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

MIT Sloan offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs, as well as executive education. Many influential ideas in management and finance originated at the school, including the Black–Scholes model, the random walk hypothesis, the binomial options pricing model, and the field of system dynamics. The faculty has included numerous Nobel laureates in economics and John Bates Clark Medal winners.
Andrew S. Levey
Andrew S. Levey (born September 16, 1950) is an American nephrologist who transformed chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinical practice, research, and public health by developing equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (renal function), and leading the global standardization of CKD definition and staging.

Tufts University School of Medicine
The Tufts University School of Medicine is the medical school of Tufts University, a private research university in Massachusetts. It was established in 1893 and is located on the university's health sciences campus in downtown Boston. It has clinical affiliations with numerous doctors and researchers in the United States and around the world, as well as with its affiliated hospitals in both Massachusetts (including Tufts Medical Center, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center and Baystate Medical Center), and Maine (Maine Medical Center).
K. Pudur
K. Pudur is a neighbourhood in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu state in the peninsular India.

It is located at about 158 m above the mean sea level with the geographical coordinates of 9°57′15″N 78°09′03″E﻿ / ﻿9.954300°N 78.150700°E﻿ / 9.954300; 78.150700 (i.e., 9°57'15.5"N, 78°09'02.5"E). Madurai, Sellur, Narimedu, Chinna Chokkikulam, B B Kulam, Simmakkal, Tallakulam, Goripalayam, Shenoy Nagar, Yanaikkal, Nelpettai, East Gate, Thathaneri, Koodal Nagar and Arappalayam are some of the important neighbourhoods of K. Pudur.

K. Pudur area falls under the Madurai North Assembly constituency. The winner of the election held in the year 2021 as the member of its assembly constituency is G. Thalapathi. Also, this area belongs to Madurai Lok Sabha constituency. S. Venkatesan won the 2019 elections, as the member of its Lok Sabha constituency.

Arappalayam
Arappalayam or Arapalayam (Tamil: [aːɾappaːɭaɪjam]) is a neighbourhood in Madurai city of Tamil Nadu State, India. It is on the south bank of the River Vaigai. The PIN code for Arasaradi-Arappalayam is 625016.

Arappalaym was one of the 72 palayams created under Madurai Nayak's rule. In Tamil, Aaru means river and Palayam means area. As it is situated on the river bank it got the name Arappalayam (aka Aatruppalayam).
Reg Vermue
Reginald Vermue is a Canadian indie rock singer from Guelph, Ontario. Born in Trenton, Ontario, he has recorded music under the stage names Gentleman Reg and Regina Gently. His musical style has been compared to Elliott Smith, Aimee Mann, The Smiths and Cat Power. He had a cameo role in the 2006 film Shortbus.

Most recently he began performing with a new band called Light Fires with James Bunton from the band Ohbijou, debuting songs in October 2010 at Pop Montreal. In Light Fires, Vermue performs in drag, adopting the alternate persona Regina Gently.

Trenton, Ontario
Trenton (2001 population 16,770) is a large community in Central Ontario in the municipality of Quinte West, Ontario, Canada. Located on the Bay of Quinte, it is the starting point for the Trent-Severn Waterway, which continues northwest to Peterborough and eventually Port Severn on Georgian Bay.
Eliott's Battery
Eliott's Battery was an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The battery is located in front of the Officer's Barracks at Europa Flats between Prince George's Battery and Woodford's Battery. The battery is named after George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield, Governor of Gibraltar 1777–1790.

George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield
General George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield, KB, PC (25 December 1717 – 6 July 1790) was a British Army officer who served as the governor of Gibraltar from 1779 to 1790. Eliott rose to distinction during the Seven Years' War when he fought in Germany and participated in the capture of Belle Île and siege of Havana. He is most notable for his command of the Gibraltar garrison during the Great Siege of Gibraltar, which lasted from 1779 to 1783, during the American War of Independence. He was celebrated for his successful defence of the fortress and decisive defeat of Spanish and French attackers.
Metacarcinus starri
Metacarcinus starri is an extinct species of crab in the family Cancridae, subfamily Cancrinae. The species is known solely from the early Miocene, Clallam Formation and the underlying Pysht Formation deposits on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state, United States.

Olympic Peninsula
The Olympic Peninsula is a large peninsula in Western Washington that lies across Puget Sound from Seattle, and contains Olympic National Park. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the north by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the east by Hood Canal. Cape Alava, the westernmost point in the contiguous United States, and Cape Flattery, the northwesternmost point, are on the peninsula. Comprising about 3,600 square miles (9,300 km2), the Olympic Peninsula contained many of the last unexplored places in the contiguous United States. It remained largely unmapped until Arthur Dodwell and Theodore Rixon mapped most of its topography and timber resources between 1898 and 1900.
Marco Zanotti (cyclist, born 1974)
Marco Zanotti (born 21 January 1974 in Rovato) is a road bicycle racer from Italy, who was a professional rider from 1997 to 2008, with the exception of the year 1999. Zanotti most recently rodes for the UCI Professional Continental team Preti Mangimi.

Preti Mangimi
Preti Mangimi (UCI team code: GAP) was a professional continental road bicycle racing team based in Italy, which participated in UCI Europe Tour and when selected as a wildcard to UCI ProTour events. The team was managed by former World Road Race champion Marino Basso. Alberto Elli and Leonardo Levati were directeur sportifs with the team. One of the riders of the team Russian Boris Shiplevsky was the first wearer of the leader of the UCI Europe Tour in 2008. Financial problems forced the team to fold after just one season, when no cosponsor could be found.
Ibru family
The Ibru family is a Nigerian business dynasty from Agbara-Otor, Delta State that rose to prominence with Michael Ibru, who founded the Ibru Organization.

The family patriarch was Chief Peter Epete Ibru, a missionary who worked for much of his life in Yorubaland. He rose to the position of nursing superintendent at National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos. His wife, Janet Omotogor Ibru, was the matriarch of the Ibru dynasty. She was a trader and daughter of Chief Adjefia Osadjere of Olomu, a wealthy 19th century merchant who built the first storey building in Urhoboland. His eldest son, Ovedje Osadjere, was a warrant chief (1918-1923) in colonial-era Nigeria and reigned as Ohworode (King) of Olomu (1924-1949).

The family's fortune is derived from the Ibru Organization, one of the largest conglomerates in Africa. The Ibru family is one of Africa's foremost business dynasties and has also produced prominent figures in politics.

Olomu
Olomu is a Kingdom in Delta State, Nigeria. Olomu is one of the oldest kingdoms in Urhobo ethnic nationality of the Niger Delta region.

The paramount ruler of Olomu is the Ovie/king known as Ohworode (Big person ) R' Olomu. The current king is His Royal Majesty Albert Akpomudje SAN, Eyavwien-Alaka 1.

The Ohworode R' Olomu stool is rotated among the three ruling houses of Olomu Kingdom. They're the Uhurhie Ruling House, Oghoro Ruling House and Eyanvwien Ruling House.

The kingdom has over 15 clans, including:

Agbon

Akperhe

Aloba

Ogoni

Okpe

Ophori

Okpavorhe

Oguname

Okpare

Ovwodokpokpo

Oviri-Olomu

Ovwor

Ovworigbala

Ofuomanefe

Umolo
Fernando Tornello
Fernando Tornello (born 4 October 1952) is an Argentine sports journalist and television presenter. He is especially known for his television broadcasts of Formula One for Hispanic America on various channels.

Hispanic America
Hispanic America (Spanish: Hispanoamérica or América Hispana), historically known as Spanish America (Spanish: América Española) or Castilian America (Spanish: América Castellana), consists of the Spanish-speaking countries and territories of the Americas. In all of these countries, Spanish is the main language - sometimes sharing official status with one or more indigenous languages (such as Guaraní, Quechua, Aymara, or Mayan) or English (in Puerto Rico), and Latin Catholicism is the predominant religion.

Hispanic America is sometimes grouped together with Brazil under the term Ibero-America, meaning those countries in the Americas with cultural roots in the Iberian Peninsula. Hispanic America also contrasts with Latin America, which includes not only Hispanic America, but also Brazil (the former Portuguese America) and, by few definitions, the former French colonies in the Western Hemisphere (areas that are now in either the United States or Canada are usually excluded).
Sergio Ottolina
Sergio Ottolina (23 November 1942 – 28 April 2023) was an Italian sprinter. He won a bronze medal in the 200 m at the 1962 European Athletics Championships and a silver medal in the sprint medley relay at the 1966 European Indoor Games.

On 24 June 1964, he set a European record in the 200 m at 20.4 seconds that stood for three years. He competed at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics in five individual and team sprint events in total, with the best achievements of seventh place in the 4 × 100 m relay (1964 and 1968) and in the 4 × 400 m relay (1968). Ottolina retired from competitions shortly before the 1972 Games due to a motorcycle accident.

Ottolina died on 28 April 2023, at the age of 80.

1962 European Athletics Championships
The 7th European Athletics Championships were held from 12–16 September 1962 in the JNA Stadium in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (present-day Serbia).  Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald. Just before the meet, the IAAF council approved the use of glass fibre poles for pole vaulting.  As a consequence, competitors were able to use them during the meet if they wished.
Brâglez
The Brâglez (also: Gârbou) is a left tributary of the river Someș in Romania. It flows through the village Gârbou and discharges into the Someș in Surduc. Its length is 25 km (16 mi) and its basin size is 113 km2 (44 sq mi).

Surduc
Surduc (Hungarian: Szurduk; German: Surdecken; Yiddish: סורדוק) is a commune in Sălaj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Brâglez, Cristolțel, Solona, Surduc, Teștioara, Tihău and Turbuța.
Teemu Lassila
Teemu Lassila (born 26 March 1983) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey goaltender. He most recently played in the 2019–20 season of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL) with the Czech team Orli Znojmo. He appeared in three games at the 2011 IIHF World Championship as a member of the gold medal-winning Finland men's national ice hockey team.

Lassila was selected by the Nashville Predators in the 4th round (117th overall) of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft, but he never played in the National Hockey League.

Finland men's national ice hockey team
The Finnish men's national ice hockey team, nicknamed Leijonat / Lejonen ("The Lions" in Finnish and Swedish), is governed by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association. Finland is one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in the world and a member of the so-called "Big Six", the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, the United States, Czechia, Russia, and Sweden.

Finland won the world championship in 2022, their fourth title after 1995, 2011 and 2019. A duo of silver medals (1988, 2006) remained the country's best Olympic result until 2022 when the Finns won their first Olympic gold after defeating Russia. At the Canada/World Cup, their best achievement is a silver medal which they won in 2004.
RML 40-pounder gun
The RML 40-pounder gun was a British rifled muzzle-loading siege and fortification gun designed in 1871. It was intended to supersede the RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun after the British military reverted to rifled muzzle-loading artillery until a more satisfactory breech-loading system than that of the Armstrong guns was developed.

Armstrong gun
An Armstrong gun was a type of rifled breech-loading field and heavy artillery piece designed by Sir William Armstrong. It was first manufactured in England starting in 1855 by the Elswick Ordnance Company and the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. The Armstrong gun employed a distinctive built-up gun construction method. The core of the gun consisted of a wrought iron (and later, mild steel) inner tube, which was reinforced by a series of wrought-iron coils shrunk over it. This design kept the inner tube under constant compression, increasing its strength and resistance to internal pressure generated during firing.
Toma Junior Popov
Toma Junior Popov (born 29 September 1998) is a French badminton player. Partnered with his brother Christo Popov, he won the men's doubles gold at the 2025 European Championships. He competed at the 2018 Mediterranean Games and claimed the men's singles bronze medal. The Popov brothers also competed for France at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the men's doubles event.

In the juniors, Popov won the bronze medal at the 2015 European Junior Championships in the boys' singles event. Popov made history as the first non-Danish male player to win a European Junior team gold as well as the men's singles and doubles in 2017. He joined Peter Gade, Jim Laugesen, and Thomas Stuer-Lauridsen as the only men to have ever completed the treble.

Badminton at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles
The men's doubles badminton tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place from 27 July to 4 August 2024 at the Porte de La Chapelle Arena in Paris. A total of 34 players from 15 nations competed at the tournament.

Defending Olympic champions Lee Yang and Wang Chi-lin of Chinese Taipei successfully retained their title, defeating Liang Weikeng and Wang Chang of China in the final, 21–17, 18–21, 21–19 to win the gold medal in men's doubles badminton at the 2024 Summer Olympics. They became the first men's doubles pair to do so together and the first consecutive Olympic badminton champions not to represent the People's Republic of China. In the bronze-medal match, defending medalists Aaron Chia and Soh Wooi Yik of Malaysia defeated Denmark's Kim Astrup and Anders Skaarup Rasmussen, 16–21, 22–20, 21–19. The pair saved four match points during the second game to claim Malaysia's third consecutive medal in the event.
Aubrac
Aubrac (French pronunciation: [obʁak]) is a volcanic and granitic plateau located in the south-central Massif Central of France. This region has been a member of the Natura 2000 network since August 2006. It straddles three départements (Cantal, Aveyron and Lozère) and three régions (Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon). The village of the same name is located in this region.

Natura 2000
Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectively. The network includes both terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas.

The Natura 2000 network covered more than 18% of the European Union's land area and more than 7% of its marine area in 2022.
Indo-Pakistani air war of 1965
During the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, the Indian and Pakistani Air Forces engaged in large-scale aerial combat for the first time. In the air war, which took place in September, both air forces conducted thousands of defensive and offensive sorties over Indian and Pakistani airspace. Both India and Pakistan claimed victory in the air war; Pakistan claimed to have destroyed 104 Indian aircraft and lost 19, and India claimed to have destroyed 73 Pakistani aircraft and lost 35 of its own. The air war ended in a stalemate.

Imtiaz Bhatti
Imtiaz Bhatti SJ SI(M) SBt (18 April 1933 – 2 July 2024) was a Pakistani cyclist and Air Force pilot and officer.

Bhatti was the Pakistan cycling champion during his student days at Punjab Agriculture College, Lyallpur (now University of Agriculture, Faisalabad) in late 1940s and early 1950s. He set national cycling records and represented Pakistan in the individual and team road race events at the 1952 Summer Olympics where he was placed 1st among the Asian cyclists and 25th in the world in the 1000 m time trial. Bhatti a veteran of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 flew 34 combat missions, the maximum from Pakistan during the war and is credited with confirmed downing of two Indian planes and damaging a third, in addition to participating in raids that destroyed the Amritsar radar and various other air defence and ground support missions.
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Fonsecaea pedrosoi is a fungal species in the family Herpotrichiellaceae, and the major causative agent of chromoblastomycosis. This species is commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical regions, especially in South America, where it grows as a soil saprotroph. Farming activities in the endemic zone are a risk factor for the development of chromoblastomycosis.

Risk factor
In epidemiology, a risk factor or determinant is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.: 38

Due to a lack of harmonization across disciplines, determinant, in its more widely accepted scientific meaning, is often used as a synonym. The main difference lies in the realm of practice: medicine (clinical practice) versus public health. As an example from clinical practice, low ingestion of dietary sources of vitamin C is a known risk factor for developing scurvy. Specific to public health policy, a determinant is a health risk that is general, abstract, related to inequalities, and difficult for an individual to control. For example, poverty is known to be a determinant of an individual's standard of health.

Risk factors may be used to identify high-risk people.
Huntsville, Utah
Huntsville is a town in Weber County, Utah, United States. The population was 573 at the 2020 census. It is located in Ogden Valley. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Ogden Valley census county division.

Clearfield, Utah
Clearfield is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. The population was 31,909 at the 2020 census. The city grew rapidly during the 1940s, with the formation of Hill Air Force Base, and in the 1950s with the nationwide increase in suburb and "bedroom" community populations and has been steadily growing since then.

Clearfield is a principal city of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area, which includes all of Davis, Morgan, and Weber counties.
Savage Land Mutates
The Savage Land Mutates is a supervillain group appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Their creators were writer Roy Thomas and penciler Neal Adams. Within the comic books, the group is based in the Savage Land, a hidden Antarctic environment inhabited by dinosaurs and primitive humans.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Ruth Silver
Dame Ruth Muldoon Silver (born January 1945, North Lanarkshire) is a British academic administrator and promoter of education policy. She was Principal of Lewisham College for 17 years until 2009, and was chair of the Working Men's College governing board from 2002-05. In 2010, she became the chair of the Learning and Skills Improvement Service (LSIS), a public body for Further Education and skills development. Most recently she was 
president of the Further Education Trust for Leadership (FETL).

Lewisham College
Lewisham College is a further education college in the London Borough of Lewisham, south-east London. It was established in 1990, having previously been known as SELTEC (South East London College of Technology) since the early 1970s, which was run by the Inner London Education Authority. The college has two campuses, its main one on Lewisham Way in Brockley, and another one in Church Street, Deptford.
Mike Richardson (Scottish cricketer)
Michael Sloan Richardson (born 20 August 1969) is a Scottish former cricketer.

Richardson was born at Glasgow in August 1969. He was educated at Hyndland Secondary School, before matriculating to the University of Edinburgh. A club cricketer for 	West of Scotland and Clydesdale, Richardson made his debut for Scotland against Ireland at Dundee in 1992. He played twice more for Scotland in 1994, making a first-class appearance against Ireland at Glasgow, and a List A one-day appearance against Sussex at Hove in the 1994 Benson & Hedges Cup. He took four wickets in first-class cricket, taking two wickets in both matches.

County Cricket Ground, Hove
The County Cricket Ground, known for sponsorship reasons as The 1st Central County Ground, is a cricket venue in Hove, in the city of Brighton and Hove,  East Sussex, England. The County Ground is the home of Sussex County Cricket Club, where most Sussex home matches since 1872 have been played, although many other grounds in Sussex have been used. Sussex CCC have also played some of their games away from The County Ground, at either Eastbourne, Hastings, 
Arundel Castle or Horsham. It is one of the few county grounds to have deckchairs for spectators, in the Sussex CCC colours of blue and white, and was the first cricket ground to install permanent floodlights, for day/night cricket matches and the second ground (after Edgbaston) to host a day/night match in England, in 1997.