hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Mills Jackson
John Mills Jackson (c. 1764 –   1836) was a Canadian author, merchant, and justice of the peace.

Born on Saint Christopher Island, Jackson arrived in Canada in 1805. He inherited land in Lower Canada and bought additional land in Upper Canada. Jackson was a fierce critic of the executive of Upper Canada at the time, particularly Lieutenant Governor Francis Gore. In 1809 he published a pamphlet in London entitled A view of the political situation of the province of Upper Canada. In 1810 the assembly of Upper Canada passed a motion condemning Jackson's pamphlet, but no further action was taken.

In 1816 Jackson campaigned to represent York East in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada but was defeated by incumbent Thomas Ridout. He died while visiting England in 1836. He was survived his children including daughter Augusta Mary Melissa Jackson (1795-1870, who was later the wife of Augustus Warren Baldwin.

Jackson's Point is named after Jackson and the land he acquired in 1819.

York County, Ontario
York County is a historic county in Upper Canada, Canada West, and the Canadian province of Ontario. It was organized by the Upper Canada administration from the lands of the Toronto Purchase and others.

Created in 1792, at its largest size, it encompassed the area that presently comprises the City of Toronto, the regional municipalities of Halton, Peel, and York as well as portions of Regional Municipality of Durham and the City of Hamilton. However by 1851, York County only consisted of the areas presently comprising Toronto and Regional Municipality of York. In 1953, York County was split again, with the area south of Steeles Avenue forming the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.

York County was formally dissolved in 1971, with its remaining municipalities reorganized as the Regional Municipality of York.
Epibaion
Epibaion is a trace fossil imprint of the Ediacaran animals of the phylum Proarticulata, which became extinct in the Precambrian. Imprints often occur in chains, which is interpreted as a feeding trace; some chains terminate in a body fossil, allowing their maker to be identified. Several specimens are known; E. waggoneris was produced by Yorgia waggoneri; E. costatus by Dickinsonia costata; and E. axiferus, the type species, has as yet not been found with a trace-maker. It is proposed that the Australian fossil Phyllozoon is also a feeding trace of Proarticulata.

Phyllozoon
Phyllozoon is an enigmatic organism from the Ediacaran of Australia and Canada. It has been interpreted as an erniettomorph, a window lichen, or a feeding trace of a proarticulate due to its very long and twisting form, although recent studies agree on a erniettomorph affinity. It is a monotypic genus, containing only Phyllozoon hanseni.
Government phonology
Government Phonology (GP) is a theoretical framework of linguistics, and more specifically of phonology. The framework aims to provide a non-arbitrary account for phonological phenomena by replacing the rule component of SPE-type phonology with well-formedness constraints on representations. Thus, it is a non-derivational representation-based framework, and as such, the current representative of Autosegmental Phonology. GP subscribes to the claim that Universal Grammar is composed of a restricted set of universal principles and parameters. As in Noam Chomsky’s principles and parameters approach to syntax, the differences in phonological systems across languages are captured through different combinations of parameter settings.

Universal grammar
Universal grammar (UG), in modern linguistics, is the theory of the innate biological component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky. The basic postulate of UG is that there are innate constraints on what the grammar of a possible human language could be. When linguistic stimuli are received in the course of language acquisition, children then adopt specific syntactic rules that conform to UG. The advocates of this theory emphasize and partially rely on the poverty of the stimulus (POS) argument and the existence of some universal properties of natural human languages. However, the latter has not been firmly established.

Other linguists have opposed that notion, arguing that languages are so diverse that the postulated universality is rare. The theory of universal grammar remains a subject of debate among linguists.
Mohammad Mottahedan
Mohammad Mottahedan 
is a collector and consultant in contemporary International Art, as well as a figure in the contemporary Iranian art scene, as a panelist and judge for art competitions, such as Magic of Persia.  He is currently based in London.

Dana Schutz
Dana Schutz (born 1976 in Livonia, Michigan) is an American artist who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. Schutz is known for her gestural, figurative paintings that often take on specific subjects or narrative situations as a point of departure.
Chlamydocapsa
Chlamydocapsa is a genus of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae.

Chlamydocapsa consists of cells similar in structure to Chlamydomonas, although vegetative cells lack flagella and are therefore not motile. Cells are in colonies of two, four, eight, or more (rarely solitary) and are embedded in concentric layers of mucilage. The cells are spherical to ovoid or ellipsoid, with two contractile vacuoles a single cup-shaped chloroplast containing one pyrenoid. Reproduction occurs by the formation of zoospores with two flgaella.

Chlamydocapsa is a common and widespread genus in fresh waters. However, it is unclear whether this genus is taxonomically valid, as it may simply be a nonmotile ("palmelloid") life stage of the genus Chlamydomonas.

Contractile vacuole
A contractile vacuole  (CV) is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. It is found predominantly in protists, including unicellular algae. It was previously known as pulsatile or pulsating vacuole.
Colin Campbell Ferrie
Colin Campbell Ferrie (May 1, 1808 – November 9, 1856) was a Canadian merchant, banker, and politician.

Born in Glasgow, the son of Adam Ferrie and Rachel Campbell, he came to Montreal from Scotland in 1824 to work in his father's new wholesale and forwarding company. By 1829, Colin, his brother Adam and his father had joined forces to supply and run a store in Hamilton, Upper Canada, under the name of Colin Ferrie and Company.  He married Catherine Beasley in 1836, and they had two sons.

From 1829 to 1833, additional stores were opened in places such as Brantford, Preston, Nelson, Dundas, and Waterloo. A founder of the Gore Bank, Ferrie was its second president from 1839 until his death in 1856. He was the first mayor of Hamilton and served in 1847. Ferrie also represented Hamilton in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1836 to 1841.

He died in Hamilton, Canada West in 1856 and was buried in Hamilton Cemetery.

Cambridge, Ontario
Cambridge is a city in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, located at the confluence of the Grand and Speed rivers, in the central part of the Ontario Peninsula. The city had a population of 138,479 as of the 2021 census. Along with Kitchener and Waterloo, Cambridge is one of the three core cities of Canada's tenth-largest metropolitan area, the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.

Cambridge was formed in 1973 by the amalgamation of Galt, Preston, Hespeler, the settlement of Blair, North Dumfries, as well as east and west Galt. The former Galt covers the largest portion of Cambridge, making up the southern half of the city, while Preston and Blair cover the western side. Hespeler makes up the most northeastern section of Cambridge. Historical information and records of each entity are well documented in the Cambridge City Archives.
Cold Case Files: Vol. 1
Cold Case Files: Vol. 1 is a compilation album by American hardcore rap group Onyx released on August 19, 2008, by Iceman Music Group. This compilation contains singles and lost studio recordings from the group's albums.

The album was produced by Jam Master Jay, Fredro Starr, Kronic Tones, Dominche, Self and Keith Horne. The album features guest appearances from Method Man, X1, Panama P.I., Smoothe da Hustler, Trigger tha Gambler, D.V. Alias Khrist, All City, Still Livin', Gang Green, Whosane and Chocolate.

Trigga tha Gambler
Tywone Smith, professionally known by his stage name Trigger tha Gambler (or simply Trigga), is an American East Coast rapper. He is the younger brother of Damon Smith aka Smoothe da Hustler, and first became known for his "aggressive hardcore flow" on his brother's 1995 hit single "Broken Language".

In 1996 Trigga was on No Doubt's roster. In 1999 the brothers were signed to Tommy Boy Records to work on an album Dying To Live.
Guillermo Clavero
Guillermo Clavero (10 August 1921 – 15 April 2000) was a Chilean footballer. He played in six matches for the Chile national football team in 1945. He was also part of Chile's squad for the 1945 South American Championship.

1945 South American Championship
The eighteenth edition of the South American Championship was held in Santiago, Chile from 14 January to 28 February. This tournament was an extra edition, with no trophy handed to the winners, but considered official by CONMEBOL.

The participating countries were Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia (for the first time), Ecuador, and Uruguay. Paraguay and Peru withdrew from the tournament.
Cleveland Fire Brigade
Cleveland Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service covering the boroughs of Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Redcar & Cleveland, and Stockton-on-Tees in the North East of England. The name originates from the former county of Cleveland which was abolished in 1996. The brigade’s area is split between the ceremonial counties of County Durham and North Yorkshire.

Cleveland is organised operationally into four Districts: Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Redcar & Cleveland, and Stockton-on-Tees.

Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
The Borough of Stockton-on-Tees is a unitary authority area with borough status in County Durham and North Yorkshire, England. In 2021, it had a population of 196,600.

The main settlement and namesake of the borough is Stockton-on-Tees, which lies on the north bank of the River Tees in County Durham, along with the towns of Billingham and Norton-on-Tees. The borough also includes the towns of Ingleby Barwick, Thornaby-on-Tees and Yarm, all south of the Tees, in North Yorkshire. Bridges spanning the River Tees include the Yarm Viaduct and the Tees Transporter Bridge. The borough is locally governed by Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council and forms part of the Tees Valley together with the boroughs of Darlington, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Hartlepool. Teesside International Airport is partly within the borough.
Asok Ray
Asok Ray is a mechanical engineer, an applied mathematician, and a Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics at the Pennsylvania State University. He has published in numerous academic and scientific journals. His contributions to the fields of signal processing, machine learning, and estimation were focused on anomaly detection and statistical pattern recognition based on the theories of symbolic dynamics, and statistical mechanics.

Symbolic dynamics
In mathematics, symbolic dynamics is the study of dynamical systems defined on a discrete space consisting of infinite sequences of abstract symbols. The evolution of the dynamical system is defined as a simple shift of the sequence.

Because of their explicit, discrete nature, such systems are often relatively easy to characterize and understand. They form a key tool for studying topological or smooth dynamical systems, because in many important cases it is possible to reduce the dynamics of a more general dynamical system to a symbolic system. To do so, a Markov partition is used to provide a finite cover for the smooth system; each set of the cover is associated with a single symbol, and the sequences of symbols result as a trajectory of the system moves from one covering set to another.
Birdsedge
Birdsedge (or Birds Edge) is a small village in the borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England, on the edge of Yorkshire's Pennine Hills, standing just below 1,000 feet (305 m) above sea level. It is approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-east from Huddersfield and about 4 miles (6 km) north-west from Penistone, between the villages of Shepley and Upper Cumberworth and is linked with the neighbouring hamlet of High Flatts, a former Quaker settlement (and still home to a Friends Meeting House).

Though originally an area of upland farms, woollen weaving and stone quarries, it is now a dormitory village for nearby towns and cities of Huddersfield, Barnsley, Sheffield, Wakefield and Leeds.
Although the village has no industry it hosts Birdsedge First School, Birdsedge Wesleyan Reform Church and Birdsedge Village Hall. A mill operates in the village, part of the Z Hinchliffe mill complex located in the nearby village of Denby Dale.

Wesleyan Reform Union
The Wesleyan Reform Union is an independent Methodist Connexion founded in 1859 and based in the United Kingdom. The Union comprises around one hundred individual self-governing churches in England and Scotland. Beliefs are set out in a nine-point Confession of Faith.
Golden Girls (girl group)
Golden Girls (Korean: 골든걸스) is a South Korean senior girl group formed by JYP Entertainment. The group debuted on the reality program of the same name in December 2023 with the single "One Last Time" and four members: Insooni, Park Mi-kyung, Shin Hyo-bum, and Lee Eun-mi.

JYP Entertainment
JYP Entertainment Corporation (Korean: JYP 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate founded in 1997 by J.Y. Park. Operating as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management company, concert production company and music publishing house, it is one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea. The company also operates subsidiary ventures and divisions internationally.
Pereira Maintains
Pereira Maintains (Italian: Sostiene Pereira) is a 1994 novel by the Italian writer Antonio Tabucchi. It is also known as Pereira Declares and Declares Pereira. Its story follows Pereira, a journalist for the culture column of a small Lisbon newspaper, as he struggles with his conscience and the restrictions of the dictatorial regime of Antonio Salazar. Antonio Tabucchi won the Premio Campiello, Viareggio Prize and Premio Scanno in 1994 for the novel. It was adapted into a film, also called Sostiene Pereira, in 1996. It was the basis for the French comic book Pereira prétend, made by Pierre-Henry Gomont and published in 2016.

Viareggio Prize
The Viareggio Prize (Italian: Premio Viareggio or Premio Letterario Viareggio-Rèpaci) is an Italian literary prize, first awarded in 1930. Named after the Tuscan city of Viareggio, it was conceived by three friends, Alberto Colantuoni, Carlo Salsa and Leonida Repaci, to rival the Milanese Bagutta Prize.

The Viareggio-Versilia International Prize is also awarded by the jury each year to a prominent figure whose work fosters dialogue among peoples, advances social progress, and promotes peace.
Helle Sofie Sagøy
Helle Sofie Sagøy (born 19 January 1998) is a Norwegian para-badminton player. She is a Paralympic bronze medallist, four-time world champion and eight-time European champion, with one European Para Championships title and seven European Championships titles. Sagøy was born without her right lower leg and has used a prosthetic all her life. She was awarded the BWF Para-Badminton Player of the Year in 2015 after winning two gold medals at the 2015 World Championships.

Sagøy made her Paralympic debut at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, where she placed fourth in the women's singles event. She won the bronze medal in the women's single event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics, where she became the first Norwegian to medal in para-badminton at the Paralympic Games.

European Para Championships
The European Para Championships is a multi-sport event contested by para-athletes from European nations. The championships have been awarded the status of regional games by the European Paralympic Committee and offer qualification opportunities for the Paralympic Games. The Championships are partly analogous with the European Games, taking place a year before the Paralympic Games and endorsed by the EPC, and with the European Championships in that they represent a combination of selected European championships in different sports.
René Brülhart
René Brülhart (born 1972) is a Swiss lawyer from Fribourg, who served as the President of the Board of Directors of the Financial Information Authority (AIF) of Vatican City. He was the first lay person serving in this position.

Brühlhart was raised in Düdingen and studied law at the University of Fribourg between 1993 and 1997. Before being nominated President of the AIF by Pope Francis on 19 November 2014, he served as the director of the same institution since November 2012 (nominated by Pope Benedict XVI). From 2004 to 2012 he headed Liechtenstein's financial intelligence unit which was elected by the Plenary to act as Vice-Chair of the Egmont group from 2010 to 2012.

Düdingen
Düdingen (German: [ˈdyːdɪŋən]; French: Guin [ɡɛ̃]; Arpitan: Duens, locally Dyin [ɟɛ̃] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It is one of the municipalities with a large majority of German speakers in the mostly French speaking Canton of Fribourg.
Antelope Hill Provincial Park
Antelope Hill Provincial Park is a provincial park in central Alberta, Canada. It is located within Special Area No. 2 north of the Town of Hanna and east of Dowling Lake.

Antelope Hill was officially designated as a provincial park by an order in council on December 4, 2014. The designation involved the protection of 380 ha (940 acres) of land that was donated to the Province of Alberta by Gottlob Schmidt.

The park is home to animals such as the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, deer, red fox, porcupine, and elk. Birds such as the white-faced ibis, the American white pelican, and the Sprague's pipit also live at Antelope Hill.

American white pelican
The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) is a large aquatic soaring bird from the order Pelecaniformes. It breeds in interior North America, moving south and to the coasts, as far as Costa Rica, in winter.
Di Cesare
Di Cesare or DiCesare is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brent Di Cesare (born 1979), English YouTuber known by his online alias Mark Goldbridge

Donatella Di Cesare (born 1956), Italian philosopher

Leonardo Di Cesare (born 1968), Argentine film director

Marco Di Cesare (born 2002), Argentine footballer

Michelina Di Cesare (1841–1868), Italian rebel

Pat DiCesare (born 1938), American entrepreneur

Valerio Di Cesare (born 1983), Italian footballer

Donatella Di Cesare
Donatella Ester Di Cesare (born 29 April 1956) is an Italian political philosopher, essayist, and editorialist. She currently serves as professor of theoretical philosophy at the Sapienza University of Rome. Di Cesare collaborates with various Italian newspapers and magazines, including L'Espresso and il manifesto. Her books and essays have been translated into English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Danish, Serbian, Croatian, Polish, Finnish, Norwegian, Turkish, and Chinese.
1963 Hanmer explosion
The 1963 Hanmer explosion occurred in the afternoon of August 1, 1963, in the town of Hanmer in the Canadian province of Ontario. An unattended fuel truck spilled gasoline into the basement of the Matte service station while filling its underground tanks, and the fuel was later ignited when an automatic sump pump switched on.

The explosion destroyed the service station, as well as the attached lunch counter. Eight people, including five children, were killed in the blast and subsequent fire, and a further six people were injured. The explosion was the worst disaster in the region since the 1951 Coniston bus crash.

A coroner's jury later found Shell Canada, as well as fuel truck driver Edward Thorpe, partly responsible for the explosion. Thorpe was also praised for quickly moving the fuel truck to prevent a second explosion.

Lunch counter
A lunch counter or luncheonette is a small restaurant, similar to a diner, where the patron sits on a stool on one side of the counter and the server serves food from the opposite side of the counter, where the kitchen or food preparation area is located. As the name suggests, they were primarily used for the lunch meal. Lunch counters were once commonly located inside variety stores (also known as "five and dimes", "five and tens", or "dimestores"), pharmacies, and department stores in the United States throughout the 20th century. The intent of the lunch counter in a store was to profit from serving hungry shoppers, and to attract people to the store so that they might buy merchandise.
Warsaw Shore series 13
The thirteenth series of Warsaw Shore, a Polish television programme based in Warsaw, Poland was announced in January 2020. The series was scheduled to premiere on 29 March 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rescheduled to another date. The new start date was 6 September 2020 and episodes began airing on Sunday and Wednesday. Ahead of the series it was announced that new cast members Milena Łaszek and Marceli Szklanny had joined the series. This is the first series not to include original cast members Anna "Mała" Aleksandrzak and Damian "Stifler" Zduńczyk, who had quit the show after the previous series. The series also featured the return of Damian "Dzik" Graf. Nathan Henry participant of Geordie Shore had a special participation during episodes eleven and twelve, it is the first time that a participant of said program is part of Warsaw Shore after the first season.

Nathan Henry (TV personality)
Nathan Henry is an English television personality best known for appearing as a main cast member in the reality series Geordie Shore. He has also appeared on many other reality television series since rising to fame on Geordie Shore in 2015.
Mere Nature Delineated
Mere Nature Delineated is a pamphlet by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1726. The longer title under which it was originally published is Mere nature delineated: or, A body without a soul. Being observations upon the young forester lately brought to town from Germany. With suitable applications. Also, a brief dissertation upon the usefulness and necessity of fools, whether political or natural.

The title and primary subject of the work is Peter the Wild Boy, a feral child who was brought to the court of George I in Great Britain in 1726. His uncivilized behaviour aroused considerable public interest, and Defoe was one of many writers who contributed to the debate about what the boy's condition meant for how the human subject should be considered. The pamphlet also broaches out to discuss the subject of 'fools' across Europe.

Feral child
A feral child (also called wild child) is a young individual who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age, with little or no experience of human care, social behavior, or language. Such children lack the basics of primary and secondary socialization. The term is used to refer to children who have suffered severe abuse or trauma before being abandoned or running away. They are sometimes the subjects of folklore and legends, often portrayed as having been raised by animals. While there are many cases of children being found in proximity to wild animals, there are no eyewitness accounts of animals feeding human children.