hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian Expedition
The Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition was a scientific expedition to Svalbard that took place from 1899 to 1902. The main purpose of the mission was to measure a meridian arc, in order to determine the earth flattening at the poles.

The measurements were done by establishing a chain of triangulation points from Keilhaufjellet in Sørkapp Land to Vesle Tavleøya north of Nordaustlandet. The Russians were responsible for the southern measurements, while the Swedes performed the northern measurements from a base at Crozierpynten on the eastern side of Sorgfjorden.

A total arc of 4° 10' was measured.

The expedition also took the first photographs of the aurora.

Vesle Tavleøya
Vesle Tavleøya (English: Little Slate Island) is the larger island of the two northernmost of Sjuøyane - the other being Rossøya, north of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. Vesle Tavleøya is situated some 7 km northeast of Phippsøya, the largest island of the islands, separated by Sjuøyflaket sound.

Latitude: 80° 49' 11.99" N
Longitude: 20° 21' 29.99" E
Uurainen
Uurainen (Swedish: Uurainen, also Urais) is a municipality of Finland.

It is part of the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 3,652 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 372.26 square kilometres (143.73 sq mi) of which 24.22 km2 (9.35 sq mi), or roughly 6.5%, is water.  The population density is 10.49 inhabitants per square kilometre (27.2/sq mi).

Neighbouring municipalities are Jyväskylä, Laukaa, Multia, Petäjävesi, Saarijärvi and Äänekoski.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)
which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.

In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.
Ras superfamily
The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases. Members of the superfamily are divided into families and subfamilies based on their structure, sequence and function. The five main families are Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases. The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rap, Rheb, Rad and Rit. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily. Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.

The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as WASP.

In general, the Ras family is responsible for cell proliferation: Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport, and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport.

RALA
Ras-related protein Ral-A (RalA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALA gene on chromosome 7. This protein is one of two paralogs of the Ral protein, the other being RalB, and part of the Ras GTPase family. RalA functions as a molecular switch to activate a number of biological processes, majorly cell division and transport, via signaling pathways. Its biological role thus implicates it in many cancers.
1,2-Cyclohexanedione
1,2-Cyclohexanedione is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(CO)2.  It is one of three isomeric cyclohexanediones.  It is a colorless compound that is soluble in a variety of organic solvents.  It can be prepared by oxidation of cyclohexanone by selenium dioxide.  The enol is about 1 kcal/mol more stable than the diketo form.

Numerous diimine and dioxime ligands have been prepared from this diketone.  It also condenses with 1,2-diamines to give diaza heterocycles.

Diamine
A diamine is an amine with two amino groups. Diamines are used as monomers to prepare polyamides, polyimides, and polyureas. The term diamine refers mostly to primary diamines, as those are the most reactive.
College Block Building
The College Block Building is a historic building located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Completed in 1883, this is the first known architect-designed commercial building in Iowa City. It was designed by local architect Chauncey F. Lovelace, who moved his office into the building. The main facade of this two-story brick structure is capped with an ornate, bracketed, tin cornice with the words "College Block" on an ornamented crest. There are eight windows on the second floor, all with ornate window hoods. The second and third windows on both ends are coupled together under a larger hood. The main floor is occupied by commercial space, and the second floor contains apartments. Urban renewal threatened the building's existence in the 1970s. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In 2021, the building was included as a contributing property in the Iowa City Downtown Historic District.

Urban renewal
Urban renewal, also known as urban regeneration or urban redevelopment, is a set of government or private initiatives aimed at addressing urban decay, upgrading infrastructure, and revitalizing city neighborhoods. Typically, urban renewal involves clearing "blighted" areas, followed by new construction for housing, businesses, and public spaces. While such projects can modernize cities and stimulate economic growth, they are controversial due to frequent displacement of low-income and minority communities, a process known as gentrification.
Ralph De Voil
Ralph De Voil (10 January 1903 – 1 March 1977) was an English priest who worked as a missionary for the Anglican Church in Melanesia.

De Voil was born at Clifton, Bristol on 10 January 1903. He was educated at the University of Leeds and the College of the Resurrection. He was ordained deacon in 1928 and priest in 1929. After a curacy in Oxhey he went out to Melanesia in 1931 and was Archdeacon of Northern Melanesia from 1934 to 1937. He served the Scottish Episcopal Church from 1937 to 1941, firstly in Aberdeen, then in Clydebank. He was Vicar of Mickley, North Yorkshire from 1941 to 1945; of Winterton from 1945 to 1948; and Castleton, North Yorkshire from 1948 to 1950. He then went out to Australia where he served in Chinchilla,  Brisbane and Beaudesert.

De Voil died in Brisbane on 1 March 1977.

Clifton, Bristol
Clifton is an inner suburb of Bristol, England, and the name of one of the city's thirty-five electoral wards. The Clifton ward also includes the areas of Cliftonwood and Hotwells. The eastern part of the suburb lies within the ward of Clifton Down.

Clifton is home to Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge; many buildings of the University of Bristol, including Goldney Hall; the Roman Catholic Clifton Cathedral; Christ Church, Clifton Down; Clifton College; Clifton High School; the former Amberley House preparatory school; Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School and The Clifton Club. It is also noted for the Downs, a large, open park.
Jack Waller (water polo)
Jack David Waller (born 6 October 1989) is a British water polo player who plays as a centre forward. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the Great Britain men's national water polo team in the men's event. He is 6 ft 1.5 inches tall.

Water polo at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The water polo tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom was held at the London 2012 Water Polo Arena in the Olympic Park from 29 July to 12 August. The venue's capacity held 5,000 spectators. Twelve teams competed in the men's tournament and eight teams in the women's tournament.
Sanchez Reservoir
Sanchez Reservoir lies in far southcentral Colorado, west of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in Costilla County. Its inflows include Ventero Creek and the Sanchez Canal, a diversion canal that takes water from Culebra Creek and two other creeks.

Costilla County, Colorado
Costilla County (Spanish for "rib") is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,499. The county seat is San Luis, the oldest continuously occupied town in Colorado.
Gayaza High School
Gayaza High School is the oldest all-girls boarding secondary school covering grades 8 to 13 (Secondary 1 to 6) in Uganda. The school is Church-founded, government-aided and accredited by the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Sports.

Apolo Kivebulaya
Apolo Kivebulaya (c. 1864 - 30 May 1933) was a Ugandan Anglican priest and evangelist. He is sometimes referred to as the "apostle to the pygmies" for his work among the Bambuti people of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo. Apolo is considered the principal pioneer of the Anglican church in the Belgian Congo.
Sam Gilbert (rugby union)
Sam Gilbert (born 21 January 1999) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays primarily as a fullback and centre. Since 2025, Gilbert has played for Irish club Connacht in the United Rugby Championship (URC).

2021 Bunnings NPC
The 2021 Bunnings NPC season was the 16th season of New Zealand's provincial rugby union competition since it turned professional in 2006. The regular season began on August 6, when Manawatu hosted Counties Manukau. It involved the top 14 rugby unions in New Zealand. For sponsorship reasons, the competition was known as the Bunnings NPC and it was the first season under the lead sponsor and to carry the NPC moniker since 2005. The winner of the Championship, Taranaki wasn't promoted to the Premiership due to a format restructure earlier in the season. Despite finishing seventh in the Premiership, Auckland was not relegated to the Championship, having only played two matches due to a resurgence of COVID-19 in the Auckland Region.
Ilsenburg (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Ilsenburg (Harz) was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Ilsenburg. It was disbanded in July 2009.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Ilsenburg consisted of the following municipalities:

Darlingerode

Drübeck

Ilsenburg

Darlingerode
Darlingerode (German pronunciation: [ˌdaʁlɪŋəˈʁoːdə]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. On 1 July 2009, it was incorporated into the town of Ilsenburg.
Patch Adams
Hunter Doherty "Patch" Adams (born May 28, 1945) is an American physician, comedian, social activist, clown, and author. He founded the Gesundheit! Institute as a not-for-profit in 1989. Each year he also organizes volunteers from around the world to travel to various countries where they dress as clowns to bring humor to orphans, patients, and other people.

Adams is currently based in Urbana, Illinois. In collaboration with the institute, he promotes an alternative health care model not funded by insurance policies.

Jerry Van Amerongen
Jerry Van Amerongen is a cartoonist based in the United States. His work includes the comic panel Ballard Street, which ran from 1991 till April 30, 2019. Before Ballard Street, he drew a comic panel entitled The Neighborhood for ten years. He has been recognized with the National Cartoonist Society Newspaper Panel Award for 2004 and 2006 for his work on Ballard Street. Van Amerongen's work is currently distributed by Creators Syndicate.
F. R. Leighton Crawford
Francis Riou Leighton Crawford (5 August 1886 – 5 January 1954) was a British tennis player

Born in Ceylon, Crawford was the eldest son of civil servant Henry Leighton Crawford, who served as Controller of Revenue in the Ceylon Civil Service. His younger brother, mountaineer Colin Grant Crawford, was a member of both the 1922 and 1933 Mount Everest expeditions.

Crawford won the Wimbledon Plate in 1919 and was a two-time Wimbledon doubles quarter-finalist. In 1922 he beat Major Ritchie in the final of the Sussex Championships. He was the single champion at Monte Carlo in 1924.

As a member of the Indian Police, Crawford was eligible to compete for India in Davis Cup competition and in 1922 was offered a place on the team, which he turned down.

Monte-Carlo Masters
The Monte-Carlo Masters (also known as the Rolex Monte-Carlo Masters for sponsorship reasons) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players held in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, which borders on Monaco. It is played on clay courts at the Monte Carlo Country Club and is held in April. The tournament is one of the nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments on the ATP Tour. Rafael Nadal won the men's singles title a record eleven times, including in eight consecutive editions.

The event was founded in 1896 as the Monte-Carlo International. The following year the event officially became known as the Monte-Carlo Championships, also known as the Monte-Carlo International Championships, which was a combined men's and women's tournament until 1982 when the women's championships ceased.
Murugan (surname)
Murugan is a given name and surname, commonly used among Tamil and Malayalam speaking people. Notable people with the surname include:

AR Murugadoss, Indian filmmaker

Chidambaram Murugan (born 1973), Indian botanist whose standard author abbreviation is Murugan

Durai Murugan (born 1938), Indian politician

Murugan Chillayah (born 1978), Guru yogi and Indian traditional arts teacher

Perumal Murugan (born 1966), Indian novelist

Raju Murugan, Indian filmmaker

Sangili Murugan (born 1945), Indian film actor

Saravanan Murugan (born 1968), Malaysian politician

Raju Murugan
Raju Murugan is a writer, journalist-turned-filmmaker from Tiruvarur village Abivirutheeswaram Near Koradacheri. His works include Vattiyum Muthalum, Ondru and Gypsy, all of which were published in Ananda Vikatan. He made his directorial debut with Cuckoo (2014). His second film, Joker, was conferred the Best Feature Film in Tamil award at the 64th National Film Awards. He worked as an assistant to Lingusamy for 3 years.
Elachista caliginosa
Elachista caliginosa is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Parenti in 1983. It is found in Japan (Honshu) and the Russian Far East (Primorsky Kray).

The length of the forewings is 2.5–3 mm for males and 2.7-3.2 mm for females

The larvae feed on Eccoilopus cotulifer and possibly Spodiopogon sibiricus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Spodiopogon sibiricus
Spodiopogon sibiricus is a species of perennial grass in the family Poaceae.

It is native to Siberia, Mongolia, China, Korea, and Japan.

Culms are solitary, erect, 70–200 cm in height, 2–4 mm in diameter, and unbranched.
Royal Titles Act 1953 (United Kingdom)
The Royal Titles Act 1953 (1 & 2 Eliz. 2. c. 9) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It authorizes the monarch to alter his style and titles for the United Kingdom as well as territories whose foreign relations are under the responsibility of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom.

A royal proclamation was made under the act on 28 May 1953. It defined the then Queen's titles as:

in English:

Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith

in Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor

Defender of the Faith
Defender of the Faith (Latin: Fidei Defensor or, specifically feminine, Fidei Defensatrix; French: Défenseur de la Foi) is a phrase used as part of the full style of many English, Scottish and later British monarchs since the early 16th century, as well as by other monarchs and heads of state.
Paul Collomp
Paul Collomp (15 December 1885 – 25 November 1943) was a French scholar specialized in the history of Ptolemaic Kingdom. He was shot by the Gestapo during a raid against the University of Strasbourg pulled back to Clermont-Ferrand.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
Ernie Courtney
Edward Ernest Courtney (January 20, 1875 – February 29, 1920) was an American third baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Beaneaters (1902), Baltimore Orioles (1902), New York Highlanders (1903), Detroit Tigers (1903) and Philadelphia Phillies (1905–1908). Courtney batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was	born in Des Moines, Iowa.

1902 Major League Baseball season
The 1902 major league baseball season was contested from April 17 through October 5, 1902. It was the second season for the American League (AL), with the Philadelphia Athletics winning the AL pennant. In the National League (NL), in operation since 1876, the Pittsburgh Pirates won the NL pennant for the second consecutive season. There was no postseason.

Prior to the season, the Milwaukee Brewers moved and became the St. Louis Browns; the franchise would remain in St. Louis through 1953, and in 1954 moved again to become the modern Baltimore Orioles. This season would be the last of this season's Baltimore Orioles, who would fold following the conclusion of the season. The Cleveland Blues renamed as the Cleveland Bronchos.
United States Trustee Program
The United States Trustee Program is a component of the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for overseeing the administration of bankruptcy cases and private trustees. The applicable federal law is found at 28 U.S.C. § 586 and 11 U.S.C. § 101, et seq.

In addition to the 21 United States Trustees, the program is administered by the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees (EOUST), located in Washington, D.C., and 95 field offices. The United States Trustee is the federal official charged with enforcing civil bankruptcy laws in the United States.

United States Code
The United States Code, formally The Code of Laws of the United States of America, is the official codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 53 titles organized into numbered sections.

The U.S. Code is published by the U.S. House of Representatives' Office of the Law Revision Counsel. New editions are published every six years, with cumulative supplements issued each year. The official version of these laws appears in the United States Statutes at Large, a chronological, uncodified compilation.
Sonneborn Building
Sonneborn Building, also known as Paca-Pratt Building, is a historic loft building in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Designed by Theodore Wells Pietsch, it is a nine-story loft building constructed in 1905 of "fireproof" reinforced-concrete construction, faced in buff-colored brick, with a coursed ashlar foundation and stone trim.  Its detailing reflects the Neoclassical Revival of the early 20th century. It was built for Henry Sonneborn and Company as a vertical clothing manufactory and was the tallest and largest strictly manufacturing building in the city of Baltimore.

Sonneborn Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Loft Historic District South.

Loft
A loft is a building's upper storey or elevated area in a room directly under the roof (American usage), or just an attic: a storage space under the roof usually accessed by a ladder (primarily British usage). A loft apartment refers to large adaptable open space, often converted for residential use (a converted loft) from some other use, often light industrial.
Thakor Patel
Thakor Patel (born 1932) is an Indian-born Zimbabwean contemporary artist. Patel studied art in the Bombay area, at the Sir J.J School of Art, where he passed first-class and was awarded a scholarship and a fellowship whilst also gaining a first class in Commercial Art and exhibiting in a number of local shows.

He moved to Zimbabwe in 1980 to help his cousin set up a print factory in Harare, where he resided for most of his life. He exhibited work in several galleries such as Gallery Delta and the National Gallery of Zimbabwe, and more recently in the ZEITZ MOCAA Gallery in Cape Town, South Africa. Alongside these galleries, he has exhibited his work in many other countries such as Japan, U.S.A, Germany and India. He moved to the United States of America in 2017. His paintings may be found in the permanent collection of the National Gallery of Zimbabwe and in other public and private art collections all around the world.

Commercial art
Commercial art is the art of creative services, referring to art created for commercial purposes, primarily advertising. Commercial art uses a variety of platforms (magazines, websites, apps, television, etc.) for viewers with the intent of promoting the sale and interest of products, services, and ideas. It relies on the iconic image (pictorial representations that are recognized easily to members of a culture) to enhance recall and favorable recognition for a product or service. An example of a product could be a magazine ad promoting a new soda through complementary colors, a catchy message, and appealing illustrative features. Another example could be promoting the prevention of global warming by encouraging people to walk or ride a bike instead of driving in an eye catching poster. It communicates something specific to an audience.

People can obtain training, certifications, and degrees that incorporate commercial arts in many exercises, activities, and programs.
David Morgan-Mar
David Morgan-Mar (also known as DangerMouse) is an Australian physicist, known for his webcomics and for creating several humorous esoteric programming languages. He is also the author of several GURPS roleplaying sourcebooks for Steve Jackson Games, as well as a regular contributor to Pyramid magazine.

Morgan-Mar is a PhD graduate from the University of Sydney, Australia, and has worked on camera, lens, and image processing projects at Canon.

Canon Inc.
Canon Inc. (Japanese: キヤノン株式会社; Hepburn: Kyanon kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo, specializing in optical, imaging, and industrial products, such as lenses, cameras, police equipment , scanners, printers, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.

Canon has a primary listing on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX Core 30 and Nikkei 225 indexes. It used to have a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.