hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zefiryn Machalla
Zefiryn Machalla (August 1, 1915 – January 10, 1952), was a major of the Polish Army and participant of the Polish September Campaign. In the interbellum period, his talent was highly praised by the Polish Army Headquarters, for his outstanding bravery, Machalla was nominated for the Virtuti Militari cross.

In late 1939, after Polish defeat, Machalla was captured by the NKVD and sent to Siberia. Two years later, he managed to reach the Anders Army and then, together with the whole army, fought the Germans in Italy.

After World War II, Machalla, unlike most of his fellow soldiers, decided to return to communist-controlled Poland. In the late 1940s he was sentenced by communist judge Stefan Michnik to death for alleged spying. He was not allowed to have a lawyer and was executed on January 10, 1952. His wife found out about the execution a few years later.

Anders' Army
Anders' Army was the informal yet common name of the Polish Armed Forces in the East in the 1941–42 period, in recognition of its commander Władysław Anders. The army was created in the Soviet Union but, in March 1942, based on an understanding between the British, Polish, and Soviets, it was evacuated from the Soviet Union and made its way through Iran to Palestine. There it passed under British command and provided the bulk of the units and troops of the Polish II Corps (member of the Polish Armed Forces in the West), which fought in the Italian Campaign. Anders' Army is notable for having been primarily composed of liberated POWs and for Wojtek, a bear who had honorary membership.
Marc Baylis
Marc Baylis (born 3 April 1977) is a British stage, television and film actor. He trained at Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts, where he was awarded the Stage Scholarship. He is best known for his role as Rob Donovan in Coronation Street from 2012 to 2014, to which he returned for guest appearances in 2015, 2016, 2017 and later in 2025.

Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts
Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts, formerly Mountview Theatre School, is a drama school in Peckham, south London, England, founded in 1945. Mountview Academy provides specialist vocational training in acting, musical theatre and actor musicianship, as well as production arts and theatre creative practices. The President of the school is Dame Judi Dench, and the Principal is Sally Ann Gritton.
Corydalis cheilanthifolia
Corydalis cheilanthifolia, the fern-leaved corydalis or fern-leaf corydalis, is a flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. It is a perennial growing from rhizomes, native to western and central China. It is a source of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, cheilanthifoline.

Benzylisoquinoline
Substitution of the heterocycle isoquinoline at the C1 position by a benzyl group provides 1‑benzylisoquinoline, the most widely examined of the numerous benzylisoquinoline structural isomers. The 1-benzylisoquinoline moiety can be identified within numerous compounds of pharmaceutical interest, such as moxaverine; but most notably it is found within the structures of a wide variety of plant natural products, collectively referred to as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This class is exemplified in part by the following compounds: papaverine, noscapine, codeine, morphine, apomorphine, berberine, tubocurarine.
Anglican Diocese of Northern Izon
The Anglican Diocese of Northern Izon is one of twelve dioceses within the Anglican Province of the Niger Delta, itself one of 14 ecclesiastical provinces within the Church of Nigeria. The current bishop is the Right Rev. Funkuro Godrules Victor Amgbare. The first bishop, Fred Anga Nyanabo, was consecrated on May 14, 2008 at St James's Cathedral, Oke-Bola, Ibadan and the missionary diocese was inaugurated on June 5 at St Mark's Cathedral, Kaiama, Bayelsa State.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.
Bjørgeseter Station
Bjørgeseter Station (Norwegian: Bjørgeseter stasjon) is an abandoned railway station on the Gjøvik Line at Bjørgeseter in Lunner, Norway. The station was opened in 1902 as Bjørgesæter, and received its current name in 1921. The station was closed following NSB Gjøvikbanen taking over operations of the line on 11 June 2006.

Lunner
Lunner is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Hadeland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Roa. Lunner was established when it was separated from Jevnaker Municipality on 1 January 1898. From 1 January 2020 the municipality belonged to Viken county and afterwards it was handed over to its successor Akershus. It was in Oppland before that.
Salisbury Manor
Salisbury Manor is an historic 1730 farmhouse near Leeds, Greene County, New York.

The house was built by Francis Salisbury for his oldest son Abraham. The house was expanded in 1760 and 1823, leading to a mix of architectural styles.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for its architectural significance and representation of colonial era settlement. It is privately owned.

Leeds, New York
Leeds is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 429 at the 2020 census.

Leeds is located in the town of Catskill, near the northern town line. The community is located north of Route 23 and west of the New York State Thruway (Interstate 87) and is northwest of the village of Catskill.
Mtanila
Mtanila is an administrative ward on the Chunya District of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 9,601 people in the ward, from 8,711 in 2012.: 96 : 112

Mbeya Region
Mbeya Region (Mkoa wa Mbeya in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,954 km2 (13,882 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Mbeya Region is bordered to the east by Singida Region, Iringa Region and Njombe Region. The region is bordered to the south by Malawi and Lake Nyasa. To the north the region borders southern Tabora Region. Lastly, Mbeya is bordered to the west by Songwe Region. The regional capital is the city of Mbeya. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,343,754.
Bruce Ellison
Bruce Charles Aurelius Ellison (born 10 December 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. He was born in King's Lynn.

Ellison studied at Durham University, where he appeared for the university first team in the 1990 Universities Athletic Union final against Exeter University, which Durham won by 6 wickets. He continued his education at Keble College, Oxford and made a single first-class appearance for Oxford University in 1993, and, while he did not bat in the match, took match figures of 2-40 with the ball.

He later made a single List A appearance for Oxfordshire against Lancashire in the 1996 NatWest Trophy, taking three wickets.

Oxfordshire County Cricket Club
Oxfordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Oxfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Oxfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Pipers' Guild
The Pipers' Guild of Great Britain is an organisation founded in the United Kingdom in the first half of the 20th century. Members make their own bamboo pipes, similar to tin whistles, and form local ensembles to play these pipes. Margaret James began making these based on a traditional goatherd's pipe in the 1920s and founded the organisation in 1931.

Tin whistle
The tin whistle, also known as the penny whistle, is a simple six-holed woodwind instrument. It is a type of fipple flute, a class of instrument which also includes the recorder and Native American flute. A tin whistle player is called a whistler. The tin whistle is closely associated with Irish traditional music and Celtic music. Other names for the instrument are the flageolet, English flageolet, Scottish penny whistle, tin flageolet, or Irish whistle (also Irish: feadóg stáin or feadóg).
Torque steer
Torque steer is the influence of engine torque on the steering, especially in high power front-wheel-drive vehicles. For example, during heavy acceleration or launching, the steering may pull to one side. The effect is manifested either as a tugging sensation in the steering wheel, or a veering of the vehicle from the intended path. Torque steer is directly related to differences in the forces in the contact patches of the left and right drive wheels. The effect becomes more evident when high torques are applied to the drive wheels because of a high overall reduction ratio between the engine and wheels, high engine torque, or some combination of the two. Torque steer is distinct from steering kickback.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Atelopus chiriquiensis
Atelopus chiriquiensis, the Chiriqui harlequin frog or Lewis' stubfoot toad, is an extinct species of toad in the family Bufonidae that was found in the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama (Province and Bocas del Toro Provinces). Its natural habitats were stream margins in lower montane wet forests and rainforests. Its elevational range was 1,400–2,500 m (4,600–8,200 ft) above sea level.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Friendship Annex
The Friendship Annex, also known as FANX or FANEX, is a National Security Agency (NSA) facility complex located in Linthicum, Maryland, near the Baltimore Washington International Airport (BWI). Established in the 1970s, the complex consists of multiple buildings and serves multiple roles as a cyber espionage station, electronic intelligence processing facility, and NSA Broadcast Network television studio. It is also the primary campus of the National Cryptologic School.

Cyber espionage
Cyber espionage, cyber spying, or cyber-collection is the act or practice of obtaining secrets and information without the permission and knowledge of the holder of the information using methods on the Internet, networks or individual computers through the use of proxy servers, cracking techniques and malicious software including Trojan horses and spyware. Cyber espionage can be used to target various actors – individuals, competitors, rivals, groups, governments, and others – in order to obtain personal, economic, political or military advantages. It may wholly be perpetrated online from computer desks of professionals on bases in far away countries or may involve infiltration at home by computer trained conventional spies and moles or in other cases may be the criminal handiwork of amateur malicious hackers and software programmers.
Phil Parry
Phil Parry is a Welsh freelance journalist and author formerly of BBC Cymru Wales. His work has appeared on BBC Wales Panorama, and Newsnight, and he was a presenter on the Welsh current affairs programme Week In, Week Out until 1999. He is winner of Journalist Of The Year, BT Wales TV reporter of the year, and radio reporter of the year. 
His programmes have won in the current affairs category of the Royal Television Society (RTS) awards, and he has been a reporter on BBC 2’s Public Eye. He currently runs the online investigative website "The Eye".

Newsnight
Newsnight is the BBC's news and current affairs television programme, providing in-depth investigation and analysis of the stories behind the day's headlines. It is broadcast weeknights at 10:30 on BBC Two and the BBC News channel; it is also available on BBC iPlayer. The programme is currently presented by Victoria Derbyshire, Paddy O'Connell and Matt Chorley.
Derived demand
In economics, derived demand is demand for a factor of production or intermediate good that occurs as a result of the demand for another intermediate or final good. In essence, the demand for, say, a factor of production by a firm is dependent on the demand by consumers for the product produced by the firm. The term was first introduced by Alfred Marshall in his Principles of Economics  in 1890. Demand for all factors of production is considered as derived demand.

This is similar to the concept of joint demand or complementary goods, the quantity consumed of one of them depending positively on the quantity of the other consumed. Example if any goods is in production process by demanding capital automatically speed of production will increase that is directly demand or derived demand.

Principles of Economics (Marshall book)
Principles of Economics is a leading political economy or economics textbook of Alfred Marshall, first published in 1890. It was the standard text for generations of economics students. Called his magnum opus, it ran to eight editions by 1920. A ninth (variorum) edition was published in 1961, edited in 2 volumes by C. W. Guillebaud.
Maxime De Zeeuw
Maxime De Zeeuw (born 26 April 1987) is a Belgian professional basketball player who last played for Limburg United of the BNXT League. De Zeeuw usually plays at the power forward position. He has also been a member of the Belgian national basketball team, whom he played with at the European championships of 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017.

EuroBasket 2017
EuroBasket 2017 was the 40th edition of the EuroBasket championship that was organized by FIBA Europe and held between 31 August and 17 September 2017. Beginning from 2017, the continental championships take place every four years with a similar system of qualification as for the FIBA Basketball World Cup.

Like the previous edition, the tournament was co-hosted by four countries. Games in the group stage were held in Turkey, Finland, Israel and Romania. The knock-out phase was played in Istanbul, Turkey.

Slovenia won their first-ever tournament after defeating Serbia 93–85 in the final. Spain won the bronze medal by beating Russia with the same result.
Scotsmac
Scotsmac was an alcoholic drink consisting of a blend of wine and whisky flavouring. It was sold in 700ml bottles from discount supermarket stores such as Netto and Lidl across the United Kingdom. Scotsmac had a strength of 15%.  Also known as the "Bam's Dram" or "Wham's Dram", it was once blended by D & L Ariano, imported and bottled by J.H. Wham & Son (Largs) Ltd. It was bottled for Accolade Wines in Guildford, Surrey but was discontinued in 2018 as a result of  reduced demand.

Accolade Wines
Accolade Wines is an international wine business with its headquarters in South Australia and corporate offices in Melbourne. In 2025, the firm merged its operations with those of Pernod Ricard Winemakers (PRW), creating an entity called Vinarchy. As of June 2025, Vinarchy produces 32 million cases of wine annually, with A$1.5 billion in annual net sales revenues.
Gimbichu
Gimbichu (Oromo: Gimbichuu, Amharic: ግንቢቹ) is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the East Shewa Zone, Gimbichu is bordered on the south by Lome, on the southwest by Ada'a Chukala, on the northwest by the Amhara Region, and on the north bordering North Shewa Zone. The administrative center is Chefe Donsa.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Nick Varner
Nick Varner (born May 15, 1948) is an American professional pool player who was inducted into the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame in 1992. Varner is widely considered one of the greatest pool players of all time. Varner is a multiple world champion and has won back to back U.S. Open 9-Ball Championships, in addition to being the oldest player to ever win the WPA World Nine-ball Championship, at 51 years old.

Bank pool
Bank pool is a pool game that has as its most fundamental requirement that all scoring shots in the game must be made by banking a called ball off a cushion and into a called pocket.

While the game has multiple variations, the predominant version through much of its history was played with a full fifteen-ball rack, of which the winning player was required to legally pocket eight balls. A shortened version of the game using nine balls of which the players must legally pocket five for the win, often called "nine-ball banks," gained popularity in the 1990s and 2000s and is the subject of international professional competition and televised matches.
Möwenstein (Ummanz)
The Möwenstein is a glacial erratic that was transported south from the area of the present-day island of Bornholm by the ice sheet during the last glaciation. It is located on the island of Ummanz in the west of Rügen within the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park. Erratics are relatively uncommon here, most of them lie east of the island of Rügen.

The rock is damaged by boreholes and it is feared that further damage could be caused by frost shattering.

The block, which is made of syenogranite and hammer granite, is legally protected as a natural monument and is indexed by the State Office for the Environment, Conservation and Geologie (de:Landesamt für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) as number G2 91. It is 15.0 metres in circumference and has a volume of about 13.5 m3.

Frost weathering
Frost weathering is a collective term for several mechanical weathering processes induced by stresses created by the freezing of water into ice. The term serves as an umbrella term for a variety of processes, such as frost shattering, frost wedging, and cryofracturing. The process may act on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from minutes to years and from dislodging mineral grains to fracturing boulders. It is most pronounced in high-altitude and high-latitude areas and is especially associated with alpine, periglacial, subpolar maritime, and polar climates, but may occur anywhere at sub-freezing temperatures (between −3 and −8 °C (27 and 18 °F)) if water is present.
Saint James the Apostle Parish Church (Paete)
Saint James the Apostle Parish Church, commonly known as the Church of Paete, is the only Roman Catholic church in Paete, Laguna, Philippines. Its patron saint is James the Apostle and his feast is celebrated every July 25. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of San Pablo. The church is known for its huge and exquisite collection of images depicting the Passion of Christ, its century-old paintings and wooden images of saints (or poon).

National Historical Commission of the Philippines
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas) is a government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management and heraldry works." As such, it "aims to inculcate awareness and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals of our heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to instill pride in the Filipino people and to rekindle the Filipino spirit through the lessons of history."
Rob Campbell
Rob Campbell is an actor in stage, television and films.

A graduate of Wesleyan University and the Yale School of Drama, Campbell performed in numerous Yale Repertory Theatre productions including The Winter's Tale alongside actress  Lupita Nyong'o. On Broadway, he appeared as Lvov in Ivanov (with Kevin Kline), as Governor George Wallace in All the Way (with Bryan Cranston), and as Manus in Translations (with Brian Dennehy). He also has performed at many theatres in New York (NYC's Public Theater, Lincoln Center, Playwrights Horizons, Classic Stage Company, Manhattan Theatre Club), in London, and across the country (Steppenwolf Theatre Company, Goodman Theatre, Williamstown Theatre Festival, etc.).

Campbell made his screen debut in Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven.

Campbell is married to actress Ana Reeder and they have one son together.

Translations (play)
Translations is a three-act play by Irish playwright Brian Friel, written in 1980. It is set in Baile Beag (Ballybeg), a County Donegal village in 19th-century Ireland. Friel has said that Translations is "a play about language and only about language", but it deals with a wide range of issues, stretching from language and communication to Irish history and cultural imperialism. Friel said that his play "should have been written in Irish" but, despite this fact, he carefully crafted  the verbal action in English, bringing the political questions of the play into focus. Baile Beag ("Small Town") is a fictional village, created by Friel as a setting for several of his plays, although there are many real places called Ballybeg throughout Ireland.