hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Oklahoma elections
A general election was held in the state of Oklahoma on November 5, 2024. The primary elections for the Republican, Democratic, and Libertarian parties' nominations for offices other than president of the United States will take place on June 18, 2024. All candidates must file between the days of April 3–5, 2024. Oklahoma voters will elect 1 of 3 members of the Oklahoma Corporation Commission, all of its seats to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, 24 of 48 seats in the Oklahoma State Senate, and other local and municipal offices.

Oklahoma's presidential primaries occurred on Super Tuesday: March 5, 2024.

Oklahoma Senate
The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the other being the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The total number of senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.

Senators approve or reject gubernatorial appointments, and contribute to the creation of both state law and an annual state budget. Every ten years, they aid in drawing new boundaries for Oklahoma's electoral districts. The Oklahoma Senate also serves as a court of impeachment.

The presiding officer of the Senate is the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, who is the president of the Senate. Since the 1960s, the president pro tempore of the Senate has presided over daily work. Prior to that time, the president of the Senate took a leading role in the Senate, including appointing committees and members to those committees. The president of the Senate may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie vote and may not vote to create a tie.
C-3 (Cercanías Madrid)
The C-3 is a line and rail service of Cercanías Madrid commuter rail network, operated by Renfe Operadora. It runs from El Escorial northwest of Madrid to Aranjuez south of Madrid. The C-3 shares tracks for half of its length with Madrid commuter rail service line C-8 while it also shares significant parts with lines C-4, and C-7. The line has been in operation since 1980, with its current incarnation in operation since 22 September 2011.

On 5 November 2018, the C-3a service was introduced as a separation of former extended C-3 services terminating at either El Escorial or Santa María de la Alameda. The C-3a designation was formerly used for the now-closed Pinto–San Martín de la Vega branch line (es:Línea Pinto-San Martín de la Vega) branching off from Pinto to Parque Warner Madrid and San Martín de la Vega, which operated between 2002 and 2012.

San Martín de la Vega
San Martín de la Vega is a Spanish municipality located in Comarca de Las Vegas, Community of Madrid. It had a population of 19,927 in 2022.

Its church is dedicated to Natividad de Nuestra Señora (16th-18th centuries). The Spanish Warner Bros. Park is located in its area.
Green Spring Run
Green Spring Run is an 8.9-mile-long (14.3 km) tributary stream of the North Branch Potomac River in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Green Spring Run rises in Greenwood Hollow north of Springfield and meanders northeast through Green Spring Valley. The South Branch Valley Railroad and Green Spring Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 1) run parallel to the stream. It runs through the community of Green Spring, from which the stream takes its name. From Green Spring, Green Spring Run flows east where it reaches its confluence with the North Branch Potomac shortly before the North Branch joins with the South Branch Potomac River to form the Potomac River.

According to the Geographic Names Information System, Green Spring Run has also been known as Greenspring Creek.

South Branch Valley Railroad
The South Branch Valley Railroad (reporting mark SBVR) is a 52.4-mile-long (84.3 km) railroad in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. The branch line, which parallels the South Branch Potomac River, runs north from Petersburg to Green Spring, where it connects to the national rail network at a junction with the CSX Cumberland Subdivision.

The SBVR is owned and operated by the West Virginia State Rail Authority (SRA), who purchased it from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on October 11, 1978. The purchase made West Virginia the first state to both own and operate a commercial freight railroad. The SRA is headquartered along the SBVR in Moorefield.

Most of the SBVR—including its three bridges over the South Branch Potomac River—was destroyed by flooding in 1985. Despite talk of shutting down the railroad after the flood, reconstruction began two years later.

The SBVR is the host line for the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad, which is headquartered in Romney.
Koshin Fujitani
Koshin Fujitani (藤谷 光信, Fujitani Kōshin; born January 1, 1937) is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A former member of the assembly of Yamaguchi Prefecture, he was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2007.

Fujitani is also an ordained Shin Buddhist priest within Honganji-ha.

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.
Louise Boyd Dale
Louise Boyd Dale (March 30, 1913 – December 15, 1967) was a philatelist of the first rank, and the daughter of fellow philatelist Alfred F. Lichtenstein.

Born in New York City, she was raised as a stamp collector from an early age in the environment of her father’s rare collections and numerous prominent philatelic friends, she herself became a highly regarded collector of stamps and a recognized figure in the field of philately.

Serious philatelic research and collecting, up to the early 20th century, was generally regarded as a field for "men only" to enjoy.  Louise Boyd Dale was prominent in breaking this cultural mold, and establishing women in the ranks of philately. She became a "first woman" in a number of positions previously held only by men.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Pygmalion (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Pygmalion (/pɪɡˈmeɪliən/; Ancient Greek: Πυγμαλίων Pugmalíōn, gen.: Πυγμαλίωνος) was a legendary figure of Cyprus. He is most familiar from Ovid's narrative poem Metamorphoses, in which Pygmalion was a sculptor who fell in love with a statue he had carved.

Franz von Suppé
Franz von Suppé, born Francesco Ezechiele Ermenegildo de Suppé (18 April 1819 – 21 May 1895) was an Austrian composer of light operas and other theatre music. He came from the Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now part of Croatia). A composer and conductor of the Romantic period, he is notable for his four dozen operettas, including the first operetta to a German libretto. Some of them remain in the repertory, particularly in German-speaking countries, and he composed a substantial quantity of church music, but he is now chiefly known for his overtures, which remain popular in the concert hall and on record. Among the best-known are Poet and Peasant, Light Cavalry, Morning, Noon, and Night in Vienna and Pique Dame.
B-Line (Sydney)
The B-Line is a high-frequency bus route operated by Keolis Downer Northern Beaches between Wynyard Station in Sydney's central business district and the Northern Beaches region. It is a part of the Sydney suburban bus network.

Spit Junction
Spit Junction is an urban locality in the suburb of  Mosman in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Spit Junction is in the local government area of the Municipality of Mosman and is part of the Lower North Shore.
Outline of Mars
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mars:

Mars – fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is often referred to as the "Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.

Iron(III) oxide
Iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Fe2O3. It occurs in nature as the mineral hematite, which serves as the primary source of iron for the steel industry. It is also known as red iron oxide, especially when used in pigments.

It is one of the three main oxides of iron, the other two being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare; and iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4), which also occurs naturally as the mineral magnetite.

Iron(III) oxide is often called rust, since rust shares several properties and has a similar composition; however, in chemistry, rust is considered an ill-defined material, described as hydrous ferric oxide.

Ferric oxide is readily attacked by even weak acids. It is a weak oxidising agent, most famously when reduced by aluminium in the thermite reaction.
Jacques-Cartier National Park
Jacques-Cartier National Park (French: Parc national de la Jacques-Cartier, pronounced [paʁk nɑsjɔnal də la ʒak kaʁtje]) is a provincial park located 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Quebec City. The park aims to protect wildlife in the Laurentian massif. It lies within the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion.

Betula alleghaniensis
Betula alleghaniensis, the yellow birch, golden birch, or swamp birch, is a large tree and an important lumber species of birch native to northeastern North America. Its vernacular names refer to the golden color of the tree's bark. In the past its scientific name was Betula lutea, the yellow birch.

Betula alleghaniensis is the provincial tree of Quebec, where it is commonly called merisier, a name which in France is used for the wild cherry.
Manganese disilicide
Manganese disilicide (MnSi2) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of manganese. It is a non-stoichiometric compound, with a silicon deficiency expressed as MnSi2–x. Crystal structures of many MnSi2–x compounds resemble a chimney ladder and are called Nowotny phases. They include 
MnSi2 (x=0), Mn4Si7 (x=0.250), Mn11Si19 (x=0.273), Mn15Si26 (x=0.267) and Mn27Si47 (x=0.259). These phases have very similar unit cells whose length varies from 1.75 nm for MnSi2 or Mn4Si7, which have almost the same structures, to 11.8 nm for Mn27Si47.

MnSi2–x Nowotny phases have a Mn sublattice with a β-tin structure overlaid with a face-centered cubic Si sublattice. They resemble chimneys of transition metal atoms containing spiraling ladders of Si. These phases are semiconductors with a band gap of 0.4 to 0.9 eV. They exhibit a reasonably high thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ~ 0.8 and have potential applications in thermoelectric generators.

Thermoelectric generator
A thermoelectric generator (TEG), also called a Seebeck generator, is a solid state device that converts heat (driven by temperature differences) directly into electrical energy through a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect (a form of thermoelectric effect). Thermoelectric generators function like heat engines, but are less bulky and have no moving parts. However, TEGs are typically more expensive and less efficient. When the same principle is used in reverse to create a heat gradient from an electric current, it is called a thermoelectric (or Peltier) cooler.

Thermoelectric generators could be used in power plants and factories to convert waste heat into additional electrical power and in automobiles as automotive thermoelectric generators (ATGs) to increase fuel efficiency. Radioisotope thermoelectric generators use radioisotopes to generate the required temperature difference to power space probes. Thermoelectric generators can also be used alongside solar panels.
World Hepatitis Alliance
The World Hepatitis Alliance (WHA) is an international non-governmental organisation best known for its role in advocating and awareness-raising for the elimination of viral hepatitis. The organisation represents 249 members from 84 countries worldwide. WHA holds official relations status at the World Health Organization (WHO), and consultative status at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

World Health Assembly
The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 193 member states. It is the world's highest health policy setting body and is composed of health ministers from member states.

The members of the WHA generally meet every year in May in Geneva, Switzerland, at the Palace of Nations, the location of WHO Headquarters. The main tasks of the WHA are to decide major policy questions, as well as to approve the WHO work programme and budget and elect its Director-General (every fifth year) and annually to elect ten members to renew part of its executive board. Its main functions are to determine the policies of the Organization, supervise financial policies, and review and approve the proposed programme budget.
Cadbury Dream Factory
Cadbury Dream Factory is a New Zealand reality television series. The premise of the show is to realise the "dreams" of ordinary people. The first episode aired on 20 February 2014 on TV3.

The show is presented and hosted by Brooke Howard-Smith and includes his 'helpers', actress Kimberley Crossman, former Sticky TV children's host Walter Neilands, performer Guy Montgomery and stand-up comedian Jesse Griffin.

Three (TV channel)
Three (stylised as +HR=E) is a New Zealand nationwide television channel. Launched on 26 November 1989 as TV3, it was New Zealand's first privately owned television channel. The channel currently broadcasts nationally (with regional advertising targeting four markets) in digital free-to-air form via the state-owned Kordia on terrestrial and satellite. It previously broadcast nationally on analogue television until that was switched off on 1 December 2013.

Three is a general entertainment channel formerly owned by Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand, with a news element under the banner of ThreeNews. Three carries a significant amount of local content, most of which airs at prime-time. The channel has been owned by Sky Network Television from 1 August 2025.
HMS Dumbarton Castle (P265)
HMS Dumbarton Castle (P265) was an offshore patrol vessel of the British Royal Navy. Her main role was the protection of the offshore assets of the United Kingdom, including oil and gas installations and fisheries out to the 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) limit.

She spent much of her time deployed in the South Atlantic as guard ship, patrolling around the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, alternating with her sister ship HMS Leeds Castle. Her long association with the Falkland Islands resulted in the ship's company being given permission to add her name to the roll of honour written in white rocks on the hillside opposite Stanley in 2007.

Stanley, Falkland Islands
Stanley (also known as Port Stanley) is the capital city of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland, on a north-facing slope in one of the wettest parts of the islands. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 2,974. The entire population of the Falkland Islands was 3,662 on Census Day – 10 October 2021.

Stanley is represented by five of the eight elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands: Stacy Bragger, Barry Elsby, Mark Pollard, Roger Spink, and Leona Vidal Roberts. An elected Town Council of Stanley existed from 1948 to 1973.

On 14 June 2022, Stanley received letters patent, formally awarding it city status.
Jason Rosenfield
Jason Rosenfield (born 1945, New York City) is an American film editor, writer, director, producer and educator known mostly for his work in story-driven feature-length documentaries. Elected to membership in American Cinema Editors., an honorary society of distinguished editors, he has earned multiple Emmy Awards for his work and contributed to numerous additional awards, including an Emmy Award and three nominations, an Academy Award nomination, a Peabody and R.F. Kennedy Award.

Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award
The Robert F. Kennedy Awards for Excellence in Journalism is a journalism award named after Robert F. Kennedy and awarded by the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights. The annual awards are issued in several categories and were established in December 1968 by a group of reporters who covered Kennedy's campaigns.  Winners are judged by more than 50 journalists each year, led by a committee of six independent journalists. The awards honor reporting "on issues that reflect Robert F. Kennedy's concerns, including human rights, social justice and the power of individual action in the United States and around the world. Entries include insights into the causes, conditions and remedies of injustice and critical analysis of relevant public policies, programs, attitudes and private endeavors." The awards are known as the "poor people's Pulitzers" in media circles.
Compaq tc series
Compaq tc series was a line of ultraportable convertible devices:

Compaq tc1000 — convertible 10.4" tablet PC (2003)

HP Compaq tc1100 — upgrade of tc1100 (2004)

HP Compaq tc4200 — convertible 12.1" laptop computer (2005)

HP Compaq tc4400 — upgrade of tc4200 (2006)

This line was succeeded by the HP EliteBook 2700 series.

HP Compaq tc4200
The HP Compaq TC4200 was a Tablet PC that was released on March 1, 2005, and has since been discontinued. It is believed to be the successor to the TC1100, which was discontinued in Q4 of 2005. The TC4200 boasted many powerful features that could be found on mid to high-range laptops and competing tablets during its production. The TC4200 was superseded by the similar HP Compaq TC4400.
Stress and vowel reduction in English
Stress is a prominent feature of the English language, both at the level of the word (lexical stress) and at the level of the phrase or sentence (prosodic stress). Absence of stress on a syllable, or on a word in some cases, is frequently associated in English with vowel reduction – many such syllables are pronounced with a centralized vowel (schwa) or with certain other vowels that are described as being "reduced" (or sometimes with a syllabic consonant as the syllable nucleus rather than a vowel). Various contradictory phonological analyses exist for these phenomena.

For example, in the following sentence, a speaker would typically pronounce have with a schwa, as /həv/ or /əv/:

Alice and Bob have arrived.

But in other contexts where the word carries stress, it would be pronounced in its "strong" (unreduced) form as /hæv/. For example:

Have Alice and Bob arrived?

[In response to the question "Have Alice and Bob arrived?"] They have.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Forum of Theodosius
The Forum of Theodosius (Greek: Φόρος Θεοδοσίου, today Beyazıt Square) was probably the largest square in Constantinople and stood on the Mese, the major road that ran west from Hagia Sophia (Turkish: Ayasofya). It was originally built by Constantine I and named the Forum Tauri ("Forum of the Bull"). In 393, however, it was renamed after Emperor Theodosius I, who rebuilt it after the model of Trajan's Forum in Rome, surrounded by civic buildings such as churches and baths and decorated with a triumphal column at its centre. This forum should not be confused with the Strategion, a probably Hellenistic agora renewed by Theodosius I, lying near today's Sirkeci and also named after him Forum Theodosii.

Agora
The agora (/ˈæɡərə/; Ancient Greek: ἀγορά, romanized: agorá, meaning "market" in Modern Greek) was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states. The literal meaning of the word "agora" is "gathering place" or "assembly". The agora was the center of the athletic, artistic, business, social, spiritual, and political life in the city. The Ancient Agora of Athens is the best example.
Lent Bumps 2012
The Lent Bumps 2012 was a series of rowing races at Cambridge University from Tuesday 28 February 2012 to Saturday 3 March 2012. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 125th set of races in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late February or early March since 1887. See Lent Bumps for the format of the races. 121 crews took part (69 men's crews and 52 women's crews), with nearly 1100 participants in total.

Christ's College Boat Club
Christ's College Boat Club is the rowing club for members of Christ's College, Cambridge. It inhabits the oldest wooden framed boathouse on the river, the nearest to Jesus Lock.

Christ's has taken women's headship once during the 2015 Lent Bumps and the men's headship once during the 1833 Bumps.
HMS Redbridge
Several vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Redridge:

HMS Redbridge (1798) was one of four schooner-rigged gunboats built to an experimental design by Sir Samuel Bentham. Her launch date is unknown, but the Admiralty purchased her in April 1798. She had a short, relatively uneventful career before the French captured her in 1803. The French Navy sold her in January 1814.

HMS Redbridge (1803) was the French privateer cutter Oiseau, which had been commissioned at Rochefort in August 1803. HMS Argo captured her in September 1803. The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Redbridge. She foundered at Jamaica in February 1805.

HMS Redbridge (1804) was the mercantile Union that the Royal Navy purchased in 1804. She wrecked at Nassau, Bahamas in November 1806.

HMS Redbridge (1807)  was the French schooner Aristotle, built in America. The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Redbridge in 1807 and renamed her HMS Variable in 1808. It sold her in 1814.

HMS Redbridge (1798)
HMS Redbridge was one of four schooner-rigged gunboats built to an experimental design by Sir Samuel Bentham. Her launch date is unknown, but the Admiralty purchased her in April 1798. She had a short, relatively uneventful career before the French captured her in 1803. The French Navy sold her in January 1814.