hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cutin
Cutin is one of two waxy polymers that are the main components of the plant cuticle, which covers all aerial surfaces of plants, the other being cutan. It is an insoluble substance with waterproof quality. Cutin also harbors cuticular waxes, which assist in cuticle structure. Cutan, the other major cuticle polymer, is much more readily preserved in fossil records. Cutin consists of omega hydroxy acids and their derivatives, which are interlinked via ester bonds, forming a polyester polymer of indeterminate size.

There are two major monomer families of cutin, the C16 and C18 families. The C16 family consists mainly of 16-hydroxy palmitic acid and 9,16- or 10,16-dihydroxypalmitic acid. The C18 family consists mainly of 18-hydroxy oleic acid, 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy stearic acid, and 9,10,18-trihydroxystearate.

Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic solids that are  malleable near ambient temperatures.  They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to give low viscosity liquids. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as hexane, benzene and chloroform.  Natural waxes of various types are produced by plants and animals and occur in petroleum.
Threat of force (public international law)
Threat of force in public international law is a situation between states described by British lawyer Ian Brownlie as:

an express or implied promise by a government of a resort to force conditional on non-acceptance of certain demands of that government.

The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties notes in its preamble that both the threat and the use of force are prohibited. Moreover, in Article 52, it establishes the principle that if threats of using force are made during diplomatic negotiations, then any resulting treaty is invalid, stating "A treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations".

Ian Brownlie
Sir Ian Brownlie, CBE, QC, FBA (19 September 1932, Liverpool – 3 January 2010, Cairo) was an English barrister and academic, specialising in international law. He was  Chichele Professor of Public International Law from 1980 to 1999.
Zhihui Xincheng station
Zhihui Xincheng station (Chinese: 智慧新城站; pinyin: Zhìhuì Xīnchéng Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Jiwaih Sānsìhng Jaahm; lit. 'Smart New Town station') is a station on Line 2 of Foshan Metro, located in Foshan's Chancheng District. It opened on 28 December 2021.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
1997 Croatia Open Umag – Singles
Carlos Moyá was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Félix Mantilla.

Mantilla won the title by defeating Sergi Bruguera 6–3, 7–5 in the final.

For the first time since the San Jose tournament in 1995, all four semifinalists were from the same nationality, this time representing Spain. This achievement would remain unequaled until 2003, when four Americans filled the semifinals at the Memphis tournament.

Sergi Bruguera
Sergi Bruguera i Torner (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsɛɾʒi βɾuˈɣeɾə i tuɾˈne]; born 16 January 1971) is a Spanish former professional tennis player and coach. Bruguera won consecutive men's singles titles at the French Open in 1993 and 1994, a silver medal in men's singles at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and reached a career-high ranking of world No. 3 in August 1994.

Bruguera is the only player to have a winning record against both Roger Federer and Pete Sampras, leading 3–2 against Sampras and 1–0 against Federer (at the 2000 Barcelona Open).

In 2018, Bruguera became the captain of the Spanish Davis Cup team. He coached Jo-Wilfried Tsonga from 2019 to 2022, Alexander Zverev from 2022 to 2023, and Arthur Fils (with Sébastien Grosjean) from 2023 to 2024.
Let's You and Him Fight
Let's You and Him Fight is a Popeye theatrical cartoon short released in February 16, 1934, starring Billy Costello as Popeye, Bonnie Poe as Olive Oyl, William Pennell as Bluto and Charles Lawrence as the announcer.

Bluto
Bluto, at times  known as Brutus, is a cartoon and comics character created in 1932 by Elzie Crisler Segar as a one-time character, named "Bluto the Terrible", in his Thimble Theatre comic strip (later renamed Popeye). Bluto made his first appearance on September 12 of that year. Fleischer Studios adapted him the next year (1933) to be the main antagonist of their theatrical Popeye animated cartoon series.
USS Tiru
USS Tiru (SS-416), a Balao-class submarine, was a vessel of the United States Navy named for the tiru, a member of the lizardfish family.

Tiru—laid down on 17 April 1944 at Vallejo, California, by the Mare Island Navy Yard—remained uncompleted for three years as a result of the curtailment of the submarine building program at the end of World War II. In the fall of 1947, the Navy decided to complete Tiru as a "GUPPY II" (Greater Underwater Propulsive Power) snorkel boat. Her altered design incorporated improvements resulting from the Navy's recent combat experience and German technical development.

Tiru was launched on 16 September 1947; sponsored by Mrs. John P. Cromwell, the widow of Captain John P. Cromwell, and  commissioned on 1 September 1948. Tiru was once under the command of future FBI Director L. Patrick Gray of Watergate notoriety.

John P. Cromwell
Captain John Philip Cromwell (September 11, 1901 – November 19, 1943) was the most senior submariner awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II and one of the three submarine officers who received it posthumously. In some ways similar to his fellow honoree, Howard Gilmore, Cromwell consciously chose to sacrifice his own life to safeguard the lives of others, in a combat action which took place in November 1943.
Salt Wells, Nevada
Salt Wells, Nevada is the site of a former brothel and a possible future route of Interstate 11.  Salt Wells is located on the northern edge of the Salt Wells Marsh, 15 miles southeast of Fallon, Nevada on U.S. Route 50 near Sand Mountain.

Fallon, Nevada
Fallon is a city in Churchill County in the U.S. state of Nevada. The population was 9,327 at time of the 2020 census. Fallon is the county seat of Churchill County and is located in the Lahontan Valley. Fallon is known for being home to Naval Air Station Fallon, located southeast of town.
Pivka Basin
The Pivka Basin or the Pivka Valley, also simply Pivka, is a varied basin in southwestern Slovenia, lying between high Dinaric plateaus, the Karst Plateau, and the Brkini Hills. It covers an area of 160 square kilometres (62 sq mi). To the northwest, it is bordered by Mt. Nanos, to the north, by Hrušica, to the east by the Javornik Hills and Mt. Snežnik, and to the west by the lower Slavina Plain and Tabor Hills. The lower part of the basin between Nanos and the Postojna Gate is known as the Lower Pivka Basin, and the upper part between Prestranek and Snežnik as the Upper Pivka Basin.

Javornik Hills
There is also a Javorníky mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains

The Javornik Hills (Slovene: Javorniki) are a limestone plateau in Slovenia and part of the Dinaric Alps. The highest peak is Veliki Javornik at 1,268 metres (4,160 ft) above sea level. At the northern edge of the Javornik Hills lies the Postojna Gate.
Simon Smith (priest)
Simon Smith was an Anglican priest in the 16th century.

Smith was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He was incorporated at Oxford in 1557.  He became an advocate of Doctors' Commons in 1582; canon of Hereford in 1561; rector of Credenhill in 1572; and Archdeacon of Hereford in 1578. He died in July 1606.

Ad eundem degree
An ad eundem degree is an academic degree awarded by one university or college to an alumnus of another, in a process commonly known as incorporation. The recipient of the ad eundem degree is often a faculty member at the institution which awards the degree, e.g. at the University of Cambridge, where incorporation is expressly limited to a person who "has been admitted to a University office or a Headship or a Fellowship (other than an Honorary Fellowship) of a College, or holds a post in the University Press ... or is a Head-elect or designate of a College".

An ad eundem degree is not an earned degree.
Mika Polku
Mika Petteri Polku (born 19 July 1975 in Virrat) is a Finnish high jumper.

He was born in Virrat and represents the club Virtain Urheilijat. He won the bronze medal at the 1994 World Junior Championships and finished eighth at the 1996 European Indoor Championships. He competed at the 2000 Olympic Games and the 2001 World Championships without reaching the final. He became Finnish champion in 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2003, and Finnish indoor champion in 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2002.

His personal best jump is 2.31 metres, achieved in July 2000 in Vitasaari. This is a tied Finnish record.

1996 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 1996 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at the Globe Arena, Stockholm, the capital city of Sweden from Friday, 8 March to Sunday, 10 March 1996.

This was the first edition to feature women's pole vault.
Oluf Høst Museum
The Oluf Høst Museum is located on Løkkegade Street in Gudhjem on the Danish island of Bornholm. It is dedicated to Oluf Høst (1884–1966), one of the island's most famous artists, and includes an exhibition of some of his paintings. It was established in 1998 by converting Høst's old house where he lived and painted from 1929 until his death in 1966, and where he created most of his paintings around the Nordic theme of light and landscape. Selsø is situated at an elevation of 19 meters.

Gudhjem
Gudhjem is a small town and fishing port on the northern coast of the Baltic island of Bornholm, Denmark. Its population is 730 (1 January 2025).

Gudhjem is a popular venue for tourists who are attracted by its steep, picturesque streets, views and atmosphere.
AMG-41
AMG-41 (part of the AM cannabinoid series)  is an analgesic drug which is a cannabinoid agonist. It is a derivative of Δ8-THC substituted with a cyclopropyl group on the C1'-position of the C3-alkyl side chain. AMG-41 is a potent agonist at both CB1 and CB2, with a Ki of 0.44 nM at CB1 vs 0.86 nM at CB2.

Cannabinoid receptor 2
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in cannabis, and other phytocannabinoids (plant cannabinoids). The principal endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor is 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

CB2 was cloned in 1993 by a research group from Cambridge looking for a second cannabinoid receptor that could explain the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol. The receptor was identified among cDNAs based on its similarity in amino acid sequence to the CB1 receptor, discovered in 1990. The discovery of this receptor helped provide a molecular explanation for the established effects of cannabinoids on the immune system.
Articles for the Government of the United States Navy
The Articles for the Government of the United States Navy were the military laws of the United States Navy for much of its early history.  The Articles were often referred to informally as "Rocks and Shoals", after the language of Article 4, Section 10:

The punishment of death, or such other punishment as a court martial may adjudge, may be inflicted on any person in the naval service...[who] intentionally or willfully suffers any vessel of the Navy to be stranded, or run upon rocks or shoals, or improperly hazarded or maliciously or willfully injures any vessel of the Navy, or any part of her tackle, armament, or equipment, whereby the safety the vessel is hazarded or the lives of the crew exposed to danger.

The Articles were replaced by the Uniform Code of Military Justice in 1951.

Military justice
Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces. Many nation-states have separate and distinct bodies of law that govern the conduct of members of their armed forces.  Some states use special judicial and other arrangements to enforce those laws, while others use civilian judicial systems.  Legal issues unique to military justice include the preservation of good order and discipline, the legality of orders, and appropriate conduct for members of the military. Some states enable their military justice systems to deal with civil offenses committed by their armed forces in some circumstances.

Military justice is distinct from martial law, which is the imposition of military authority on a civilian population as a substitute for civil authority, and is often declared in times of emergency, war, or civil unrest. Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced.
Michael Callanan
Michael Callanan (March 29, 1849 – February 21, 1929) was an Irish-born physician and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo from 1909 until his retirement at the 1916 election in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Conservative.

He was born in 1849 in Clonakilty, County Cork, the son of Daniel J. Callanan, and was educated at Trinity College Dublin and in Paris. From 1875 to 1873, he practised in Kilbrittain and Rosscarbery. He came to Canada, settling in the Northwest Territories. Later, Callanan practised in Nanaimo and Victoria for eight years before moving to Quesnel in 1894 and Barkerville in 1899. Callanan was a physician for the Royal Cariboo Hospital in Barkerville. In 1885, he married Hannah Healy. He retired to New Westminster in 1922. In 1929, Callanan died at St. Mary's Hospital in New Westminster after an extended illness.

Kilbrittain
Kilbrittain or Killbrittain (Irish: Cill Briotáin, meaning 'Briotáin's church') is the name of a village, townland and parish in County Cork, Ireland. The village is about 8 km (5 mi) south of Bandon, and near Courtmacsherry and Timoleague. The coastal route around the edge of the parish is the R600 road, while the village itself is around 3 km (2 mi) inland. The village is in a civil parish of the same name.
Rogier Wassen
Rogier Wassen (Dutch pronunciation: [roːˈɣiːr ˈʋɑsə(n)]; born 9 August 1976) is a Dutch tennis player who competed regularly on the ATP Tour primarily as a doubles player.

Wassen reached his highest doubles ranking on the ATP Tour on 10 September 2007 when he became World No. 24. The right-hander has won three ATP doubles titles. The Heineken Open in Auckland, New Zealand, in 2006 and 2007 teaming up with Andrei Pavel and Jeff Coetzee respectively. In 2007 he won the Ordina Open in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, again with Jeff Coetzee. In 2009, he reached the finals of the 2009 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships in Newport, Rhode Island, partnering with Michael Kohlmann.

He is nicknamed "Da Professor" by good friend and doubles partner Dustin Brown.
He returned in doubles at 2013 Marburg Open, in partnership with Artem Sitak, losing in the first round against Vahid Mirzadeh and Denis Zivkovic

Vahid Mirzadeh
Vahid Mirzadeh (born December 28, 1986, in Lake Worth Beach, Florida) is an American tennis player.

Mirzadeh was a wildcard entrant at the 2014 US Open in the doubles event, where he partnered Philip Simmonds, but they lost in the first round to Brian Baker and Rajeev Ram 2–6, 3–6.

Mirzadeh made his ATP main draw debut at the 2014 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships in the doubles event partnering Sekou Bangoura. The pair had only made through the doubles draw as an alternate team but in the first round they defeated the 2nd seeds Eric Butorac and Raven Klaasen 7–5, 3–6, [10–5]. However, their run came to an end in the quarterfinals, which they lost to Sam Groth and Max Mirnyi 6–7(5–7), 4–6.
USS Melucta
USS Melucta (AK-131) was a Crater-class cargo ship, converted from a Liberty Ship, commissioned by the US Navy for service in World War II. She was first named after Thomas A. McGinley, the president of the Duff-Norton Manufacturing Co., and inventor of an improved high-speed screw jack and lifting machinery. She was renamed and commissioned after Melucta, a star in the constellation Gemini. She was responsible for delivering troops, goods and equipment to locations in the war zone.

Gemini (constellation)
Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the northern celestial hemisphere.  It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for twins, and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♊︎).
Josiah Haynes Armstrong
Josiah Haynes Armstrong (May 30, 1842 - March 23, 1898) was a Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church and a state legislator in Florida. He served two terms in the Florida House of Representatives representing Columbia County, Florida during the Reconstruction era from 1871-1872 and 1875-1876. The Florida Archives have a photograph of him. According to his Findagrave entry and the photos of his gravestone posted to it he served in a "Colored" unit during the American Civil War.

He was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
James W. Kirkpatrick
James W. Kirkpatrick (November 6, 1863 – August 20, 1928) was a lumberman, merchant, shipbuilder, and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1916 to 1920 as a Liberal Conservative member.

Kirkpatrick was born in 1863 at Kirkhill, Nova Scotia, near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, to Thomas Kirkpatrick and Ellen Corbett. He married Mary Elderkin of Advocate, Nova Scotia. He served as a member of the Cumberland County Council. Kirkpatrick died in 1928 at Parrsboro, Nova Scotia. He was elected in the 1916 Nova Scotia general election but did not contest the 1920 Nova Scotia general election.

1920 Nova Scotia general election
The 1920 Nova Scotia general election was held on 27 July 1920 to elect members of the 37th House of Assembly of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. The Liberal party won a majority of seats in the Legislaure with only 44 percent of the vote.

This was the first general election in which women could vote and run for office.

Members were elected in multi-member districts electing from two to five members each, through plurality block voting.
Scopulus
In planetary geology, a scopulus /ˈskɒpjʊləs/ (pl. scopuli /ˈskɒpjʊlaɪ/, from Greek σκόπελος "peak") is a lobate or irregular escarpment.  In the early 1970s, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) adopted scopulus as one of a number of official descriptor terms for topographic features on Mars and other planets and satellites. One justification for using neutral Latin or Greek descriptors was that it allowed features to be named and described before their geology or geomorphology could be determined. Currently, the IAU recognizes 54 descriptor terms (see Planetary nomenclature). Thirteen features with the descriptor term scopulus are present on Mars.

Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek  γῆ (gê) 'earth'  μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and  λόγος (lógos) 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology, climatology, and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.
Prisons in Poland
As of 2007, there were 85 prisons in Poland (zakłady karne). At end of that year, Polish prisons had an official capacity of 79,213 inmates, but reported 87,776 persons in custody (110.8% of capacity). As of 2011, there were 215 correctional institutions, including 70 institutions for pre-trial detainees, 87 prisons, 14 hospitals, and 44 other units. By February 2019, inmate numbers had dropped to 74,352 (196 per 100,000 of the general population). Of this number, 10.7% were pre-trial detainees, 4.2% were female, 0.1% were minors, and 1.4% were foreign prisoners.

Prisons in Poland fall under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Poland, but are administered by Służba Więzienna (Polish: Prison Service). As of 2019, the head of the Prison Service was Director General Jacek Kitliński.

The largest prison in Poland is Wronki Prison.

Ministry of Justice (Poland)
The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Poland is one of the ministries of Poland.

The Ministry of Justice was established by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of 3 November 1999 on the creation of the Ministry of Justice.

The remit of the Minister of Justice is set out in the Ordinance of the President of the Council of Ministers of 13 December 2017 on the detailed scope of activities of the Minister of Justice.

The Ministry of Justice is a subsidiary office of the Minister of Justice, the chief government administration body responsible for the justice branch of government administration.

From 1956 to 1957, Zofia Wasilkowska was the first woman to serve as a Minister of Justice in Poland's history.

Each Minister of Justice between 1990 and 2010 and since 2016 has also been Public Prosecutor General.