hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Milford Haven Waterway
Milford Haven Waterway (Welsh: Dyfrffordd Aberdaugleddau) is a natural harbour in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is a ria or drowned valley which was flooded at the end of the last ice age. The Daugleddau estuary winds west to the sea. As one of the deepest natural harbours in the world, it is a busy shipping channel, trafficked by ferries from Pembroke Dock to Ireland, oil tankers and pleasure craft. Admiral Horatio Nelson, visiting the haven with the Hamiltons, described it as the next best natural harbour to Trincomalee in Ceylon (today's Sri Lanka) and "the finest port in Christendom". Much of the coastline of the Waterway is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, listed as Milford Haven Waterway SSSI.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
2013 Dothan Pro Tennis Classic – Doubles
Eugenie Bouchard and Jessica Pegula were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but Bouchard chose not to participate in 2013. Pegula partnered up with Emily Harman, but lost in the quarterfinals to Irina Falconi and Maria Sanchez.

Julia Cohen and Tatjana Maria won the title, defeating Falconi and Sanchez in the final, 6–4, 4–6, [11–9].

Emily Harman
Emily Jane Harman (born June 15, 1991) is an American former professional tennis player.

Harman has won two doubles titles on the ITF Circuit in her career. On October 15, 2012, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 966. On November 4, 2013, she peaked at No. 232 in the doubles rankings.
Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa
The government of American Samoa consists of a locally elected governor, lieutenant governor and the American Samoa Fono, which consists of an 18-member Senate and a 21-member House of Representatives.  The first popular election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor took place in 1977. Candidates for the offices run together on a joint ticket. The first woman to run for election was Arieta Enesi Mulitauaopele in 1977.

The current lieutenant governor is Pula Ae Ae, who has been in office since 2025.

American Samoa House of Representatives
The American Samoa House of Representatives is the lower house of the American Samoa Fono. The House consists of 21 members serving two-year terms, with 20 popularly elected representatives, and one delegate from Swains Island elected in a public meeting.
Brazil at the World Athletics Championships
Brazil has participated in all the World Championships in Athletics since the beginning in 1983. Brazil is 47th on the all time medal table. Brazil's first World Championships medal was a bronze medal won by Joaquim Cruz in the Men's 800 metres in 1983. Fabiana Murer won Brazil's first gold medal and the first woman's medal in the pole vault in 2011. Alison dos Santos was the first man to win a gold medal in the 400 metres hurdles in 2022. Caio Bonfim has the most medals with four (one gold, one silver and two bronze).

Fabiana Murer
Fabiana de Almeida Murer (born 16 March 1981) is a retired Brazilian pole vaulter. She holds the South American record in the event with an indoor best of 4.82 m and an outdoor best of 4.87 m, making her the fourth highest vaulter ever at the time, now the eighth. She won gold medals at the 2011 World Championships, 2010 World Indoor Championships, and 2007 Pan American Games. Murer represented Brazil at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics. She is a four-time South American Champion with wins in 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2011. Murer was coached by both the Ukrainian Vitaly Petrov, who managed the world record holders Sergei Bubka and Yelena Isinbayeva, and her husband, Élson Miranda de Souza, a former pole vaulter himself.
Steve Marchand
Steve Marchand (born January 10, 1974) is an American politician. He served as the mayor of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, from 2006 to 2008. He is the principal of SRM Consulting, a public affairs and strategic communications firm. Prior to that, he served as the Director of Corporate Relations for the University of New Hampshire.

Marchand was an early Democratic primary candidate for U.S. Senate for the 2008 election, but he dropped out of the race in 2007 and endorsed former Governor Jeanne Shaheen. Marchand was also a Democratic primary candidate for Governor of New Hampshire in 2016 but was defeated by Colin Van Ostern.

On April 3, 2017, Marchand formally announced his 2018 candidacy for governor but later lost the Democratic primary to Molly Kelly.

University of New Hampshire
The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover, moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923.

The university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

As of 2018, its combined campuses made UNH the largest state university system in the state of New Hampshire, with over 15,000 students. It was also the most expensive state-sponsored school in the United States for in-state students.
Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's individual pursuit
The men's individual pursuit was a track cycling event held as part of the Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme.  The course was 4000 metres.  It was the first time the event had been held at the Olympics and took place on 16 October and 17 October 1964 at the Hachioji Velodrome.  24 cyclists competed.

Hachioji Velodrome
Hachioji Velodrome (八王子自転車競技場, Hachiōji Jitenshakyōgijō) was a temporary velodrome located in the Hachiōji, Tokyo area. Constructed between March and August 1964, it hosted the track cycling events for the 1964 Summer Olympics.  The site of the velodrome was later converted to a public park called Ryonan Park.
Spanisch Brötli
Spanisch Brötli (English: "Spanish bun", also known as Spanisch Brödli, Spanischbrötli or Spanischbrödli) is a speciality pastry from Baden, Switzerland. It is a light, flaky pastry filled with a mix of roasted, crushed hazelnuts and apricot jam.  Its structure has a square of dough for the lower portion, apricot and hazelnut filling for the middle portion, and a square of dough for the upper portion.  It has an "X" (or "cross") cut into the top to allow for the food to vent hot air during baking.

Pastry
Pastry is various doughs (often enriched with fat or eggs), and the sweet and savoury baked goods made with them. The dough may be called pastry dough. Sweetened pastries are often described as baker's confectionery. Common pastry dishes include pies, tarts, croissants, and turnovers.

The French word pâtisserie is also used in English (with or without the accent) for many of the same foods, as well as the set of techniques used to make them. Originally, the French word pastisserie referred to anything, such as a meat pie, made in dough (paste, later pâte) and not typically a luxurious or sweet product. This meaning still persisted in the nineteenth century, though by then the term more often referred to the sweet and often ornate confections implied today.
Crusade of 1101
The Crusade of 1101, also known as the Crusade of the Faint-Hearted, was launched in the aftermath of the First Crusade with calls for reinforcements from the newly established Kingdom of Jerusalem and to rescue the famous Bohemond of Taranto from Muslim captivity. Pope Paschal II, successor to Urban II (who died before learning of the outcome of the crusade that he had called), urged a new expedition. He especially urged those who had taken the crusade vow but had never departed and those who had turned back while on the march. The crusade was a resounding defeat of the West by the Seljuk Turks.

Pope Paschal II
Pope Paschal II (Latin: Paschalis II; 1050 x 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Raniero Raineri di Bleda, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was created the cardinal-priest of San Clemente by Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) in 1073. He was consecrated as pope in succession to Pope Urban II (1088–99) on 19 August 1099. His reign of almost twenty years was exceptionally long for a medieval pope.
Nyanga
Nyanga may mean:

Nyanga Province, of Gabon

Nyanga River, in Gabon and Congo

Nyanga people, an ethnic group from Congo

Nyanga, Zimbabwe, a town

Nyanga District, Zimbabwe

Nyanga National Park in Zimbabwe

Nyanga, Western Cape, a township in South Africa

Nyanga language (ISO 639/3 code nyj)

Nyanga-li language (ISO 639/3 code nyc)

Nyanga-li language
Nyanga-li (Linyanga-le) is a Bantu language in Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.  Gbati-ri (Gbote) is a dialect.  Maho (2009) lists them separately as unclassified Zone D.30 languages, but Ethnologue states that they are "members of the same dialect subgroup", and Glottolog places them nearest the Ngendan languages.
PEHO syndrome
PEHO syndrome (progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy) is an autosomal recessive and dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that starts in the first few weeks or months of life. Early symptoms include infantile spasms, hyparrhythmia, and seizures, and optic atrophy. Other features include arrest of global developmental delay, severe intellectual deficit, encephalopathy, tapered fingers, and facial dysmorphism.

There is no specific treatment for PEHO syndrome; only the symptoms associated with the syndrome can be managed. PEHO syndrome affects the Finnish population with an estimate of 1 in 78,000; cases have been described in non-Finnish persons and from other countries.

Optic neuropathy
Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain.

Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye. A pale disc is characteristic of long-standing optic neuropathy. In many cases, only one eye is affected and a person may not be aware of the loss of color vision until the examiner asks them to cover the healthy eye.

Optic neuropathy is often called optic atrophy, to describe the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve.
Ahsan al-tavarikh
The Ahsan al-tavarikh (Persian: احسن‌التواریخ, romanized: The Most Beautiful of Histories) is a Persian universal history composed by the Safavid historian Hasan Beg Rumlu in 1578. Originally encompassing twelve volumes, only two have survived.

The chronicle provides a detailed historical account of a significant portion of the Persianate world. In contrast to other contemporary chronicles, it is notable for its detailed coverage of Safavid Iran's surrounding countries, particularly the Ottoman Empire and Khanate of Bukhara.

Universal history (genre)
A universal history is a work aiming at the presentation of a history of all of humankind as a whole. Universal historians try to identify connections and patterns among individual historical events and phenomena, making them part of a general narrative. A universal chronicle or world chronicle typically traces history from the beginning of written information about the past up to the present. Therefore, any work classed as such purportedly attempts to embrace the events of all times and nations insofar as scientific treatment of them is possible.

Siegfried of Ballhausen was the first to use the title Historia universalis (universal history) in 1304.
Ogurtsovo
Ogurtsovo (Russian: Огурцово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Ogurtsovo, Opochetsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Opochetsky District of Pskov Oblast

Ogurtsovo, Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Ostrovsky District of Pskov Oblast

Ogurtsovo, Tver Oblast, a village in Staromelkovskoye Rural Settlement of Konakovsky District in Tver Oblast

Opochetsky District
Opochetsky District (Russian: Опо́чецкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Pushkinogorsky District in the north, Novorzhevsky District in the northeast, Bezhanitsky District in the east, Pustoshkinsky District in the southeast, Sebezhsky District in the south, and with Krasnogorodsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,028.9 square kilometers (783.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Opochka. Population: 18,673 (2010 Census); 23,973 (2002 Census); 28,877 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Opochka accounts for 62.1% of the district's total population.
I discorsi
I discorsi is a studio album by Italian singer Mina, released in 1969 by PDU and distributed by EMI Italiana.

This album is almost identical to previous Le più belle canzoni italiane interpretate da Mina, published the year before and given as a present to readers of some Italian magazines of Rusconi Group. In this album, the tracks "E se domani" and "La musica è finita" were replaced by the songs "I discorsi" and "La canzone di Marinella".

E se domani
"E se domani" ('And if tomorrow') is a 1964 Italian song composed by Carlo Alberto Rossi (music) and Giorgio Calabrese (lyrics). It premiered at the 14th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival with a double performance by  Fausto Cigliano and Gene Pitney, and was brought to success by Mina.
Ric Converse
Richard "Ric" Converse (born December 26, 1979) is an American professional wrestler. He is one of the top "heels" on the Southeastern independent circuit, especially in the Carolinas, and currently competes for CWF Mid-Atlantic where he is a record 6-time CWF Mid-Atlantic Champion. He has wrestled for a considerable number of other independent wrestling promotions, most notably, Count Grog's Southern Championship Wrestling, NWA Carolinas, and Pro Wrestling ZERO1-MAX. He was also a star in the short-lived AWA Superstars promotion holding both the promotion's world heavyweight title and tag team title (with Xsiris) during 2006 and 2007.

Carolinas
The Carolinas (informally Carolina) are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina considered together as a historical or cultural entity. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and south.

The Carolinas originally formed the British Province of Carolina during America's early colonial period, from 1663 until they were declared two separate royal colonies in 1729. The land had previously been a part of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, from 1609 to 1663. The province was named Carolina to honor King Charles I of England. Carolina is a feminine form of the Latin word Carolus, meaning "Charles".

The Carolinas have a total of 15,557,813 residents. The largest city of the Carolinas (ranked by land area and population) is Charlotte, North Carolina.
HMS Aquilon
Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Aquilon, to commemorate the destruction of the French ship Aquilon by HMS Antelope in 1757. Aquilon was originally the Roman name for the North Wind.

HMS Aquilon (1758) of 1758 was a sixth-rate frigate which served in the navy until 1776.

HMS Aquilon (1786) of 1786 was a fifth-rate frigate during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, broken up in 1815.

HMS Aquilon was a small warship which was renamed HMS Conquerant before commissioning.

Another Aquilon was captured in Havana in 1762 and commissioned into the Royal Navy, serving until 1770.

Ship
A ship  is a large watercraft designed for travel across the surface of a body of water, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized tasks such as warfare, oceanography and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.

The word ship has meant, depending on era and context, either simply a large vessel or specifically a full-rigged ship with three or more masts, each of which is square rigged.

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BC. In 2024, ships had a global cargo capacity of 2.4 billion tons, with the three largest classes being ships carrying dry bulk (43%), oil tankers (28%) and container ships (14%).
Ligonier (surname)
Ligonier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier (1740–1782), British soldier and courtier

Francis Ligonier (1693–1746), French-born British Army officer

John Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier (1680–1770), British military officer

Penelope Ligonier (1749–1827), English aristocrat and socialite

Penelope Ligonier
Hon. Penelope Ligonier (née Pitt; later Brown; 23 February 1749 – March 1827), styled Viscountess Ligonier from 1766–1772, was an English aristocrat and socialite. She is most remembered for her affair with the Italian poet Count Alfieri, which led him to a duel with her husband Edward, Viscount Ligonier, followed by an adultery trial.
Alberta Youth Parliament
The Alberta Youth Parliament (AYP) is one of a number of provincial model youth parliaments that has its origins in the "boys work" movement of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is the oldest youth parliament in Alberta, and the longest continuously operating youth parliament in Canada. Its flagship session occurs every December in the Alberta Legislature, and it hosts a variety of smaller events throughout each year. It is open to all youths in Alberta who are between the ages of 15-21.

Model parliament
A model parliament, also known as a mock parliament, is a system that simulates the parliamentary proceedings of a legislature or deliberative assembly. It typically following the Westminster parliamentary system.
CollecTF
CollecTF is a database of transcription factor binding sites in the Bacteria domain.

CollecTF compiles only experimentally validated TF-binding sites. This is accomplished through the manual curation of peer-reviewed literature with a special focus on the experimental process used to identify TF-binding sites.

CollecTF entries are periodically submitted to NCBI for integration into RefSeq complete genome records as link-out features, maximizing the visibility of the data and enriching the annotation of RefSeq files with regulatory information. Seeking to facilitate comparative genomics and machine-learning analyses of regulatory interactions, in its initial release CollecTF provides domain-wide coverage of two TF families (LexA and Fur), as well as extensive representation for a clinically important bacterial family, the Vibrionaceae.

National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper.

The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman, one of the original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics.
2024 FIP calendar
The 2024 FIP is the main global professional padel tour organized by the International Padel Federation (FIP). Since January 2024, the Tour comprises two tiers: Premier Padel and Cupra FIP Tour (Platinum, Gold, Star, Rise and Promotion). The season ends in December with Tour Finals featuring the best pairs in the world.

Premier Padel circuit was established by FIP in early 2022 with the financial support of Qatar Sports Investments and backed by Professional Padel Players Association (PPA). In August 2023, QSI acquired rival padel tour World Padel Tour to Damm, thus becoming the main global padel tour.

Padel
Padel (Spanish: pádel) is a racquet sport that combines elements of tennis and squash. It is usually played in doubles (2 vs 2) on a small enclosed court with glass and mesh walls that are part of the game. It has the same scoring system as tennis, but different rules. For example: the rackets are solid (without strings) and perforated. Balls are played off the court walls, similar to squash. A serve must place the ball at or below the waist level in the opposite court. Padel originated in Mexico in 1969. It became hugely popular in Spain and Argentina.

As of 2023, there are more than 25 million active players in more than 90 countries, according to the International Padel Federation (FIP). In 2023, the global padel market was valued at approximately €2 billion The Padel World Championship has been held every second year since 1992, with Argentina (every time), Spain, or Brazil reaching the final in each competition.
Publius Pactumeius Clemens
Publius Pactumeius Clemens was a Roman senator and jurisconsult active during the second century AD. He was suffect consul for the nundinium April-June 138 as the colleague of Marcus Vindius Verus; according to Ronald Syme, Clemens is the earliest known consul to hold the fasces in absentia. Although he is known mostly through inscriptions, his life provides examples of how patronage operated during contemporary Rome.

The origins of the family of Clemens was in Cirta, located in modern Algeria. Olli Salomies, in his monograph on the naming practices of the Early Roman empire, provides Clemens' full name and filiation -- "P. Pactumeius P. f. Quir. Clemens"; this indicates his father's praenomen was also Publius. His paternal grandfather was Quintus Aurelius Pactumeius Clemens, suffect consul around the year 80.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.