hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Phifer Farm
John Phifer Farm is a historic farm complex and national historic district located near Cleveland, Rowan County, North Carolina, United States.  The Jacob Phifer House was built in the 1850s, and is a two-story, rectangular, weatherboarded log dwelling. The oldest building is the John Phifer House, built about 1819, and is a small two-story log dwelling. Other contributing resources are the double-pen log barn (c. 1858), tool shed (1930s), garage (1920s / 1930s), granary and corn crib (c. 1858), spring house (c. 1930), blacksmith shop (c. 1925), two chicken houses (1930s, c. 1940), log chicken coop (1930s), wood shed (c. 1930), smokehouse (c. 1858), privy (c. 1930), scalding vat (c. 1935), log tobacco barn (c. 1895), and the farm landscape.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Rowan County, North Carolina
Rowan County (/roʊˈæn/ roh-AN), officially the County of Rowan, is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 146,875.  Its county seat, Salisbury, is the oldest continuously populated European-American town in the western half of North Carolina. Rowan County is located northeast of Charlotte, and is considered part of the Charlotte metropolitan area.

Established in 1753 from the upper part of Anson County, it was named after acting North Carolina governor Matthew Rowan. Originally a vast territory with unlimited western boundaries, Rowan County was reduced in size to 524 square miles (1,360 km2) after several counties were formed from it in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Buddhist (horse)
Buddhist (1886 – December 30, 1893) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 1889 Preakness Stakes at the Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Buddhist's sire and dam were Hindoo and Emma Hanly. Buddhist was bred in Kentucky by Ezekiel F. Clay & Catesby Woodford and his owner was Samuel S. Brown. He was trained by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, John W. Rogers.

Buddhist's jockey, George "Spider" Anderson, is considered among the great African American jockeys in horse racing history. On May 10, 1889, Anderson and Buddhist finished the race with an astonishing time of 2:17.50 and became the 17th winners of the Preakness Stakes. Buddhist made Preakness history by having one of the largest winning margins when he won the race by eight lengths. Buddhist died in a stable fire on December 30, 1893, that also killed 11 other horses at C. V. Hollar's Bishop Farm.

Pimlico Race Course
Pimlico Race Course is a thoroughbred horse racetrack in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is most famous for hosting the Preakness Stakes, the second leg of the Triple Crown. Its name is derived from the 1660s when English settlers named the area where the facility currently stands in honor of Olde Ben Pimlico's Tavern in London. The racetrack is nicknamed "Old Hilltop" after a small rise in the infield that became a favorite gathering place for thoroughbred trainers and race enthusiasts.

Pimlico was owned by the Stronach Group from 2011 until 2024, when ownership transferred to the state-run Maryland Thoroughbred Racetrack Operating Authority (MTROA). Pimlico closed for renovations in September 2024, with all of Pimlico's racing dates except for the 2025 Preakness Stakes transferred to Laurel Park until the project is completed.
Ron Mountford
Ronald George Mountford (1927-1993) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned 25 international caps for the England national speedway team and 4 caps for the Great Britain team.

Great Britain national speedway team
The Great Britain national speedway team (formerly the England speedway team) is one of the major teams in international motorcycle speedway. The team is managed by former Great Britain riders Oliver Allen and Simon Stead, and captained by the Tai Woffinden.

The team raced as England from 1928 to 1961 and again from 1974 to 2000. They have raced as Great Britain from 1962 to 1973 and since 2001.
1929 Australian Championships – Women's doubles
First-seeded Daphne Akhurst and Louie Bickerton defeated the second seeds Sylvia Harper and Meryl O'Hara Wood 6–2, 3–6, 6–2 in the final, to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.

Miss Akhurst completed her third and last Triple Crown, having won Women's Singles title earlier that day and Mixed Doubles final the day before.

Louie Bickerton
Louie Mildred Bickerton Cozens (née Bickerton) (11 August 1902  – 6 June 1998) was a female tennis player from Australia.  She was born in Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia and won the women's doubles titles at the 1927, 1929, and 1931 Australian Championships. She won the mixed doubles title at those championships in 1935 and was the runner-up in the 1929 singles and 1935 women's doubles at that tournament.

Perhaps Bickerton's biggest singles victory outside of Australia was her first round defeat of 44-year-old and eight time U.S. champion Molla Bjurstedt Mallory in the first round of Wimbledon in 1928. The score was 6–3, 4–6, 6–4.

Bickerton was friends with Daphne Akhurst Cozens. In 1935 she married Daphne's widower, Royston Stuckey Cozens, to whom she remained married for 63 years until her death at the age of 95.
Newman–Shanks–Williams prime
In mathematics, a Newman–Shanks–Williams prime (NSW prime) is a prime number p which can be written in the form

NSW primes were first described by Morris Newman, Daniel Shanks and Hugh C. Williams in 1981 during the study of finite simple groups with square order.

The first few NSW primes are 7, 41, 239, 9369319, 63018038201, … (sequence A088165 in the OEIS), corresponding to the indices 3, 5, 7, 19, 29, … (sequence A005850 in the OEIS).

The sequence S alluded to in the formula can be described by the following recurrence relation:

The first few terms of the sequence are 1, 1, 3, 7, 17, 41, 99, … (sequence A001333 in the OEIS). Each term in this sequence is half the corresponding term in the sequence of companion Pell numbers. These numbers also appear in the continued fraction convergents to √2.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Carquinez Strait
The Carquinez Strait (/kɑːrˈkiːnəs/; Spanish: Estrecho de Carquinez) is a narrow tidal strait located in the Bay Area of Northern California, United States. It is part of the tidal estuary of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin rivers as they drain into the San Francisco Bay. The strait is eight miles (13 km) long and connects Suisun Bay, which receives the waters of the combined rivers, with San Pablo Bay, a northern extension of the San Francisco Bay.

The strait formed in prehistoric times, near the close of one of the past ice ages, when the Central Valley was a vast inland lake. Melting ice from the Sierra Nevada raised the water level while seismic activity created a new outlet to the Pacific Ocean, draining the lake into the ocean and exposing the valley floors.

Tidal strait
A tidal strait is a strait through which a tidal current flows. Tidal currents are usually unidirectional but sometimes are bidirectional. Tidal straits, though they are narrow seaways, are technically not rivers. They are frequently of tectonic origin. In them, currents develop because of elevation differences between the water basins at both ends. Tidal straits can connect seas and oceans, as well as estuarine zones.

Tides sometimes allow sediments to collect in tidal straits.
Florida Taj Mahal scandal
The Florida Taj Mahal scandal was an investigation by Chief Financial Officer of Florida Alex Sink (D) into excessive cost of the $48 million First District Court of Appeal of Florida courthouse located in Tallahassee, Florida.

In 2006, the judges of the First District Court of Appeal of Florida looked into having a new court house and rejected expanding and refurbishing the existing facility.

Reporter Lucy Morgan applied the term "Taj Mahal" to the courthouse project when breaking the story.

Chief Financial Officer of Florida
The chief financial officer of Florida is an elected statewide constitutional officer of Florida. The office was created in 2002 following the 1998 reforms of the Florida Cabinet. The CFO is a combination of the former offices of comptroller and treasurer/insurance commissioner/fire marshal. The office heads the Florida Department of Financial Services and is responsible for overseeing the state's finances, collecting revenue, paying state bills, auditing state agencies, regulating cemeteries and funerals, and handling fires and arsons. In addition, the CFO has administrative oversight over the offices which handles banking and insurance regulation. The CFO is a member of the Cabinet, and is third (behind the lieutenant governor and attorney general, respectively) in the line of succession to the office of governor of Florida.
United States men's national field hockey team
The United States men's national field hockey team represents the United States in the international field hockey competitions. The governing body is the United States Field Hockey Association (USFHA), which is a U.S. Olympic Committee organization.

The team won bronze at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and has had success in the Pan American Games and Pan American Cup.

Field hockey is not a major sport at college level for men in the United States, so the men's team does not have as much experience as most other international teams that have professional players. The sport is largely thought of as a women's game in the United States; field hockey has historically been used as a "Title IX" sport to offset the numerous men who play college football, and as such, colleges have typically only sponsored women's field hockey teams. The players on the national team play overseas in European and Australian pro leagues. Despite this, the American team managed to achieve some limited success.

College sports
College sports or college athletics encompasses amateur sports played by non-professional, collegiate and university-level student athletes in competitive sports and games. College sports have led to many college rivalries.

College sports trace their roots back to the early 19th century. Originating from public schools in Britain, varsity matches between Oxford University and Cambridge University spread to Harvard University and Yale University, which influenced the development of college sports in the United States, and to college sports in Commonwealth, European, and other countries, such as Japan.
Mount Lola
Mount Lola is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada of California. Its summit, located  north of Donner Pass and Interstate 80, is the highest point in Nevada County. It is also the highest point in the Sierra Nevada north of Interstate 80. A subsidiary peak 1.2 miles (1.9 km) north of the main summit is highest point in Sierra County at 8,848 feet (2,697 m) NAVD 88.

The area receives copious snowfall during the winter because of its high elevation.

The Mount Lola is named for Lola Montez, a famous resident of Nevada County, who lived in Grass Valley in the 1850s.

Donner Pass
Donner Pass is a 7,056-foot-high (2,151 m) mountain pass in the northern Sierra Nevada, above Donner Lake and Donner Memorial State Park about 9 miles (14 km) west of Truckee, California. Like the Sierra Nevada itself, the pass has a steep approach from the east and a gradual approach from the west.

The pass has been used by the California Trail, First transcontinental railroad, Overland Route, Lincoln Highway and Victory Highway (both later U.S. Route 40 and still later Donner Pass Road), as well as indirectly by Interstate 80. The pass gets its name from the ill-fated Donner Party who overwintered there in 1846.

Today, the area is home to a thriving recreational community with several alpine lakes and ski resorts (Donner Ski Ranch, Boreal, and Sugar Bowl). The permanent communities in the area include Kingvale and Soda Springs, as well as the larger community below the pass surrounding Donner Lake.
Callington, South Australia
Callington is a small town on the eastern slopes of the Adelaide Hills, in South Australia. Callington is situated on the Bremer River, and is adjacent to the South Eastern Freeway and the Adelaide-Wolseley railway line, however no trains have stopped at the station for many years. Callington is located within the state electoral district of Kavel and the federal division of Mayo.

Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills region is located in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. The largest town in the area, Mount Barker, is one of Australia's fastest-growing towns. Before British colonisation of South Australia, the area was inhabited by the Peramangk people.

The Adelaide Hills wine region comprises areas of the Adelaide Hills above 300 m (980 ft).
The Dick Clark Show
The Dick Clark Show (also known as Dick  Saturday Night Beechnut Show) is an American musical variety show broadcast weekly in the United States on the ABC television network 7:30-8 p.m. (Eastern Time) on Saturdays from February 15, 1958, to September 10, 1960, sponsored (except for the first two shows) by Beechnut Gum.

Mack the Knife
"Mack the Knife" or "The Ballad of Mack the Knife" (German: "Die Moritat von Mackie Messer") is a song composed by Kurt Weill with lyrics by Bertolt Brecht for their 1928 music drama The Threepenny Opera (German: Die Dreigroschenoper). The song tells of a knife-wielding criminal of the London underworld named Macheath, the "Mack the Knife" of the title.

The song has become a popular standard recorded by many artists after it was recorded by Louis Armstrong in 1955 with translated lyrics by Marc Blitzstein. The most popular version of the song was by Bobby Darin in 1959, whose recording became a number one hit in the US and UK and earned him two Grammys at the 2nd Annual Grammy Awards. Ella Fitzgerald also received a Grammy for her performance of the song in 1961.
Fossli Provincial Park
Fossli Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on Stirling Arm of Sproat Lake on Vancouver Island. The 52-hectare park, west of Port Alberni, is accessible by water or private logging road. It has few services, but has a 30-minute hiking trail to an old homestead site. The homestead belonged to Helen and Armour Ford, who donated the land for the park to the province in 1974. Saint Andrew's Creek runs through the park, and is a fall spawning ground for coho salmon.

Port Alberni
Port Alberni (/ælˈbɜːrni/) is a city located on Vancouver Island in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The city lies within the Alberni Valley at the head of the Alberni Inlet, Vancouver Island's longest inlet. Port Alberni currently has a total population of 18,259.

It is the location of the head offices of the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District. Port Alberni is served by the coast-spanning Island Highway system, and a local airport. The principal industry is forestry products.
Susan M. Scott
Susan Marjorie Scott FAA is an Australian mathematical physicist whose work concerns general relativity, gravitational singularities, and black holes. She is a Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Australian National University (ANU).

At ANU, she is the leader of the General Relativity Theory and Data Analysis Group, part of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration that has discovered gravitational waves from collisions involving black holes and neutron stars, and is a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration Council.

LIGO Scientific Collaboration
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) is a scientific collaboration of international physics institutes and research groups dedicated to the search for gravitational waves. It complements the LIGO Laboratory, an organization based at the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology which constructed and now operates the LIGO observatories. The LSC contributes to developing detector technologies, assists with collecting and validating data from the LIGO and GEO600 detectors, and is responsible for analyzing the data and publishing scientific results. The LSC is led by a Spokesperson, which as of 2025 is Stephen Fairhurst of Cardiff University.
AuSable Chasm Bridge
AuSable Chasm Bridge is a historic steel arch bridge with concrete and stone faced approach spans that carries US 9 over the Ausable River at AuSable between Clinton and Essex Counties, New York.  It was built between 1932–1933.  The main span is 222 feet (68 m) in length, with two 52-foot (16 m) foot approach spans, for an overall length with approaches and abutments of 526 feet (160 m).  It is approximately 40 feet (12 m) wide, with a span height of 45 feet (14 m) and overall height of 70 feet (21 m).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Ausable River (New York)
The Ausable River (/ɔːˈseɪbəl/), also known as AuSable River and originally written as "Au Sable", runs in the U.S. state of New York, from the Adirondack Mountains and past the village of Lake Placid and Au Sable Forks to empty into Lake Champlain (at 44°33′40″N 73°25′25″W﻿ / ﻿44.56111°N 73.42361°W﻿ / 44.56111; -73.42361). It has an East and West branch that join at Au Sable Forks.  The river forms a partial boundary between Clinton County and Essex County.  The Ausable River is known for its gorge, Ausable Chasm, located a few miles east of Keeseville.

The Ausable River is 94 miles (150 km) long and drains a watershed of 516 square miles (1,340 km2).

It was originally named "Au Sable" (French for "sandy") by Samuel de Champlain when he first explored the region in 1609 because of its extensive sandy delta.
2022 Banja Luka Challenger – Doubles
Antonio Šančić and Nino Serdarušić were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Vladyslav Manafov and Oleg Prihodko won the title after defeating Fabian Fallert and Hendrik Jebens 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Vladyslav Manafov
Vladyslav Serhiyovych Manafov (Ukrainian: Владислав Сергійович Манафов; born 22 April 1993 in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian inactive tennis player. Manafov has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 327 achieved on 20 February 2017. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 93 achieved on 7 August 2023.
Enemy at the Gate (Stargate Atlantis)
"Enemy at the Gate" is the 100th and final episode of the science fiction television series Stargate Atlantis. The episode aired on January 9, 2009 on the Sci Fi Channel in the United States, and on January 13, 2009 on Sky1 in the United Kingdom. Written by Joseph Mallozzi and Paul Mullie as their fifth and final script in the fifth season, "Enemy at the Gate" was produced as the nineteenth episode of the season and was directed by Andy Mikita. It is dedicated to Don S. Davis (Stargate SG-1's George Hammond), who died from a heart attack in 2008.

"Enemy at the Gate" involves a Wraith plan to significantly upgrade a Hive Ship by integrating it with stolen Zero Point Modules from Asurans, and picks up a weak transmission from Earth from an alternate reality ("Vegas"), alerting the ship to Earth's location.

Andy Mikita
Andy Mikita is a Canadian television director and producer. He has worked in the TV and film industry for over 30 years.  Mikita is best known for his work as a director and producer for Stargate SG-1 and its sister shows Stargate Atlantis and Stargate Universe.
SS Badenia (1912)
Badenia was a 921 GRT coaster that was built in 1912 by F Schichau GmbH, Elbing for German owners. She was renamed Titania in 1939. She was seized by the Allies at Rendsburg in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Conexe. In 1947, she was sold into merchant service and renamed Ringdove, serving until 1950 when she was scrapped.

Coastal trading vessel
Coastal trading vessels, also known as coasters or skoots, are shallow-hulled merchant ships used for transporting cargo along a coastline. Their shallow hulls mean that they can get through reefs where deeper-hulled seagoing ships usually cannot (26-28 feet), but as a result they are not optimized for the large waves found on the open ocean. Coasters can load and unload cargo in shallow ports.

For European inland waterways they are limited in size by the navigable dimensions of those waterways. E.g. ships on the French waterways are limited to the Freycinet gauge of 38.5m length, 5.05m breadth, and 2.5m  draft.
Rupa, Croatia
Rupa (Italian: Ruppa) is a village in northwest Croatia near its border with Slovenia. It is located in Matulji (Italian: Mattuglie) municipality in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, 17 km from the town of Matulji. It has a population of 310 (census 2001) and an area of 5.5 km2.

Rupa is a major border crossing between the two countries where Croatia's Autocesta A7 motorway connects with Slovenia's Highway 7. The Slovenian town opposite Rupa is Jelšane in Ilirska Bistrica municipality. With Slovenia joining the Schengen area on December 21, 2007, Rupa-Jelšane became a Schengen external border crossing.

Primorje-Gorski Kotar County
Primorje – Gorski Kotar County (Croatian: Primorsko-goranska županija, pronounced [prǐːmorsko-ɡǒranskaː ʒupǎnija]) is a county in west Croatia, most of it based in the historical and cultural region called Croatia proper and some of it in Istria, including the Bay of Kvarner, the surrounding Northern Croatian Littoral, and the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar. Its center is Rijeka. The county's population was 296,195 at the 2011 census.

The county includes the island territories of Krk, Cres, Lošinj and Rab. It borders Slovenia.

The county is divided:
Ajay Bhushan Pandey
Dr. Ajay Bhushan Pandey (born 2 February 1961; IAST: Ajaya Bhūṣaṇa Pāṇḍeya) is a 1984 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer belonging to the Maharashtra cadre. He is former  Finance Secretary of India. He is also  former chief executive officer (CEO) of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), the nodal agency of Government of India responsible for implementing Aadhaar. He  also worked  as the  chairman of Goods and Services Tax Network from September 2017 to March 2021.  He also served as Chairman of National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) from March 2022 till March 2025. He also served as the Director General and CEO of Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs - the apex think tank of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs from April 2024 to March 2025.  In April 2025 Pandey joined Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank as a Vice President.

Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb docēre [dɔˈkeːrɛ] 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris.

Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world. Contracted "Dr" or "Dr.", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a doctorate (commonly a PhD). In past usage, the term could be applied to any learned person.  In many parts of the world today it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether they hold a doctoral-level degree.