hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Nether World
The Nether World is a novel written in 1889 by the English author George Gissing. The plot concerns several poor families living in the slums of 19th-century London. Rich in naturalistic detail, the novel concentrates on the individual problems and hardships which result from the typical shortages experienced by the lower classes—want of money, employment and decent living conditions. The Nether World is pessimistic and concerns exclusively the lives of poor people: there is no juxtaposition with the world of the rich.

Habitability
Habitability is the adequacy of an environment for human living. Where housing is concerned, there are generally local ordinances which define habitability. If a residence complies with those laws, it is said to be habitable. In extreme environments, such as space exploration, habitability must take into account psychological and social stressors, due to the harsh nature of the environment.
Buck McNair
Group Captain Robert Wendell "Buck" McNair, DSO, DFC & Two Bars (15 May 1919 – 15 January 1971) was a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) flying ace of the Second World War, with 16 or 16.5 victories and five probables.

Brookwood Cemetery
Brookwood Cemetery, also known as the London Necropolis, is a burial ground in Brookwood, Surrey, England.  It is the largest cemetery in the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe.  The cemetery is listed a Grade I site in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

The Church of St Edward the Martyr with its community of Greek Orthodox monks is located in the cemetery grounds.
Garima Arora
Garima Arora is an Indian master chef, judge hotelier, restaurateur and business woman. She earned her first Michelin star in 2018 for her restaurant Gaa, in Bangkok, becoming the first Indian woman to do so. In 2023, Gaa received its second Michelin star, making it only the second Indian restaurant globally to hold two-Michelin stars and Arora the first female Indian chef to run a two-Michelin star restaurant.

Women in business
The phrase women in business refers to female businesspeople who hold positions, particularly leadership in the fields of commerce, business, and entrepreneurship. It advocates for their increased participation in business.

Increased participation of women in business can be important for variation in business development, ideas, and business products. Participation also encourages the development of social networks and supports that have positive repercussions for women and for their social environment.

The status of women in business varies significantly around the world. Sometimes a lack of adequate business capital, female education, and training programs in the use of technology  can mean women are more constrained by their social and political environment than men.
Goodbye (Night Ranger song)
"Goodbye" is a power ballad by the American hard rock band Night Ranger. It was released in October 1985, as the third and last single from their album 7 Wishes. It was written by guitarist Jeff Watson and singer Jack Blades. The lead vocals on this song are sung by drummer Kelly Keagy.

Reaching No. 17, the song is the last U.S. top 40 hit for the band to date. The music video for "Goodbye" was good rotation on MTV at end of that year.

Jack Blades
Jack Martin Blades (born April 24, 1954) is an American rock musician. He has worked in the bands Rubicon, Night Ranger (as bassist and one of the lead vocalists), and Damn Yankees (as one of the founding members). He has also recorded with Tommy Shaw under the name Shaw Blades and has done work alongside the Tak Matsumoto Group. Blades' most recent efforts include a second solo album and three albums with Revolution Saints, which he was a member of until 2022.
Steve Marmion
Steve Marmion is an English theatre director. He trained at the University of Glamorgan and the Welsh College of Music and Drama. He was the artistic director of the Soho Theatre, having taken over from Lisa Goldman in 2010. He is a former associate director at the Royal Shakespeare Company.
Since joining Soho Theatre the audiences have more than trebled to over 230000 people a year.
2015/16 saw him launch a new vision for the company - including an additional venue, increased touring and a new digital platform - and open a show in each of the capital cities of the UK and Ireland.

Lisa Goldman
Lisa Goldman (born November 1964) is a British theatre director, dramaturg, writer and author.  She was Artistic Director and joint Chief Executive of Soho Theatre (2006–10) and The Red Room Theatre Company which she founded (1995-2006). In 2008 Lisa was included in the London Evening Standard’s ‘Influentials’ list as one of the 1000 most influential people in London.

Lisa’s book The No Rules Handbook for Writers  was published by Oberon Books in April 2012.  It was cited by The Stage as one of their top 10 training books of 2012  and was an Amazon UK digital bestseller during November 2012.
Amjad Khan Niazi
Muhammad Amjad Khan Niazi NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt OM (Urdu: محمد امجد خان نیازی) is a retired four-staradmiral of the Pakistan Navy who served as the 22nd Chief of Naval Staff of Pakistan from 2020 to 2023. He previously served as principal secretary to Chief of the Naval Staff and director-general Naval Intelligence, in addition to commanding 2 Zulfiquar-class frigate.

Zulfiquar-class frigate
The Zulfiqar-class frigate (Urdu: ذوالفقار, lit. 'Sword'), also known as F-22P or in English: Sword class, is a class of multi-mission guided missile frigates, in service with the Pakistan Navy. The class is based on an updated model of the Chinese design, the Type 053H3. The frigates were designed and built jointly in Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding in China and the KS&EW Ltd. in Pakistan.: 108–109

The frigates perform missions including air defense, enemy interdiction, extraction and patrolling the economic exclusive zone (EEZ).
Carrosserie Vanvooren
Carrosserie Vanvooren was a French coachbuilder based in the north-western Paris suburb of Courbevoie. The company concentrated on producing car bodies for luxury cars, being closely associated during the 1930s with the products of Hispano-Suiza, Bugatti, Rolls-Royce and Bentley.

In addition to their production facilities on the edge of town, Vanvooren had a show room at 33 Rue Marbeuf in the exclusive 8th arrondissement of Paris.

Carrosserie Vanvooren was active between 1888 and 1950, but in terms of output and of reputation the company's golden decades were the 1920s and 1930s.

Park Ward
51°31′44″N 0°14′24″W﻿ / ﻿51.5290117°N 0.2400825°W﻿ / 51.5290117; -0.2400825

Park Ward was a British coachbuilder founded in 1919 which operated from Willesden in North London. In the 1930s, backed by Rolls-Royce Limited, it made technical advances which enabled the building of all-steel bodies to Rolls-Royce's high standards. Bought by Rolls-Royce in 1939, it merged with H. J. Mulliner & Co. in 1961 to form Mulliner Park Ward.
Breakfast (Philippine TV program)
Breakfast is a Philippine television news broadcasting and talk show broadcast by Studio 23 and ANC. It was originally hosted by David Celdran, Techie Severino, Jess Liwanag, Lia Andanar Yu, Billy Aniceto, Angel Rivero, Mitzi Borromeo, Mico Halili, Karmina Constantino, and JC Gonzalez. It aired from March 15, 1999, to June 22, 2007. Atom Araullo, Bam Aquino, Patty Laurel, Asia Agcaoili, and JC Cuadrado served as the final hosts. It was also the morning show for the Filipino youth.

ABS-CBN News Channel
The ABS-CBN News Channel, commonly referred to as ANC, is a 24/7 English language Filipino pay television news and business channel owned by ABS-CBN Corporation. It was launched in 1996 as the first all-news network in English language in the Philippines. The majority of its programs are produced by ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs.

ANC is broadcast from the ANC studio at the ABS-CBN Newsroom, Studio 6 & Studio 7 of the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in the Philippines. It is available domestically via pay television and select direct-to-home satellite providers (including Converge ICT's Vision and  Streamtech's Planet Cable), as well as via livestream. An international feed called ANC Global is also available worldwide as part of TFC premium channels via cable, satellite, iWant and TFC IPTV.
Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle lightweight
The lightweight was the third heaviest freestyle wrestling weight class held as part of the wrestling programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It included wrestlers weighing 135 to 145 pounds (61.2 to 65.8 kg). It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition.  Ten wrestlers competed.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Martin J. Gruber
Martin Jay Gruber is professor emeritus of finance and scholar in residence at the Stern School of Business, New York University, where he was previously Nomura professor of finance (1987-2010) and chair of the finance department (1989-1997).

He was elected president of the American Finance Association in 1995. He is director emeritus of the National Bureau of Economic Research, where he was on the investment committee.

His research studies mutual funds, pension funds, and expectations in the process of security price formation. He has been honored for his research by several academic and industry organizations

With Edwin Elton, he wrote Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis (Wiley), now in its 9th edition, a standard textbook in the field of modern portfolio theory.

American Finance Association
The American Finance Association (AFA) is an academic organization whose focus is the study and promotion of financial economics.  It was formed in 1939.  Its main publication, the Journal of Finance, was first published in 1946.
Bhaktapur 1 (constituency)
Bhaktapur 1 is one of two parliamentary constituencies of Bhaktapur District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.

Bhaktapur District
Bhaktapur District (Nepali: भक्तपुर जिल्ला Listenⓘ; Nepal Bhasa: ख्वप देश (जिल्ला)) located in the eastern part of Kathmandu valley, is the smallest among seventy-seven districts of Nepal. It is part of Bagmati Province. Bhaktapur District Post Office is 44800. The district, with Bhaktapur as its district headquarters, covers an area of 119 km2 (46 sq mi) and in 2011 had a population of 304,651 of whom 9,701 people were absent (mostly working abroad).
Geometric class field theory
In mathematics, geometric class field theory is an extension of class field theory to higher-dimensional geometrical objects: much the same way as class field theory describes the abelianization of the Galois group of a local or global field, geometric class field theory describes the abelianized fundamental group of higher dimensional schemes in terms of data related to algebraic cycles.

Galois group
In mathematics, in the area of abstract algebra known as Galois theory, the Galois group of a certain type of field extension is a specific group associated with the field extension. The study of field extensions and their relationship to the polynomials that give rise to them via Galois groups is called Galois theory, so named in honor of Évariste Galois who first discovered them.

For a more elementary discussion of Galois groups in terms of permutation groups, see the article on Galois theory.
Adam Gorgoni
Adam Gorgoni (born 16 December 1963 in New York City) is a prolific composer of film and TV scores and has composed music for over 20 films, including Candyman: Day of the Dead, Waiting..., The Dead Girl, Breakable You, Starting Out in the Evening and Aliens in America.

Aliens in America
Aliens in America is an American sitcom created by David Guarascio and Moses Port that aired on The CW for one season from October 1, 2007, to May 18, 2008. Guarascio and Port also served as executive producers of the show alongside Tim Doyle. Luke Greenfield directed the pilot. The show is about an American teenager in Wisconsin whose family takes in a Muslim foreign exchange student from Pakistan.
Challenge de France (golf)
The Challenge de France was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour, played in France. It was held for the first time in May 1998 at Golf de Sablé-Solesmes in Sablé-sur-Sarthe, before moving to October for the following three seasons, during which it was played on a succession of French courses. The tournament was discontinued after 2001, although the name was used on some occasions for the AGF-Allianz Open des Volcans. In 2011, the tournament was revived as the Allianz Challenge de France, and was held at the Golf Disneyland course in Paris, which had also been the venue in 1999, and hosted the Tournoi Perrier de Paris in 1993. The 2011 edition was won by Germany's Nicolas Meitinger, securing his first Challenge Tour victory.

Sablé-sur-Sarthe
Sablé-sur-Sarthe (French pronunciation: [sable syʁ saʁt], literally Sablé on Sarthe), commonly referred to as Sablé, is a commune in the Sarthe department, in the Pays de la Loire region, western France. It is about 40 km southwest of Le Mans and about 50 km northeast of Angers.
Bradley Efron
Bradley Efron (/ˈɛfrən/; born May 24, 1938) is an American statistician. Efron has been president of the American Statistical Association (2004) and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (1987–1988). He is a past editor (for theory and methods) of the Journal of the American Statistical Association, and he is the founding editor of the Annals of Applied Statistics. Efron is also the recipient of many awards (see below).

Efron is especially known for proposing the bootstrap resampling technique, which has had a major impact in the field of statistics and virtually every area of statistical application. The bootstrap was one of the first computer-intensive statistical techniques, replacing traditional algebraic derivations with data-based computer simulations.

Biometrika
Biometrika is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press for the Biometrika Trust. The editor-in-chief is Paul Fearnhead (Lancaster University). The principal focus of this journal is theoretical statistics. It was established in 1901 and originally appeared quarterly. It changed to three issues per year in 1977 but returned to quarterly publication in 1992.
Kandake of the Sudanese Revolution
Kandake of the Sudanese Revolution (also known as Woman in White and Lady Liberty of the Sudanese Revolution; Arabic: كنداكة الثورة السودانية) is a photograph of Alaa Salah, then a 22-year-old student, standing on top of a car, dressed in white and gold, and leading a crowd of demonstrators in chant during the Sudanese anti-government protests on 8 April 2019. The photograph, taken by activist Lana Haroun using a smartphone, gained world-wide media attention and went viral in April 2019, and was described by several media organisations as iconic, representing women's participation in the revolution who were dubbed the Kandakas.

Viral phenomenon
Viral phenomena or viral sensations are objects or patterns that are able to replicate themselves or convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them. Analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, the term viral pertains to a video, image, or written content spreading to numerous online users within a short time period. This concept has become a common way to describe how thoughts, information, and trends move into and through a human population.

The popularity of viral media has been fueled by the rapid rise of social network sites,: 17  wherein audiences—who are metaphorically described as experiencing "infection" and "contamination"—play as passive carriers rather than an active role to 'spread' content, making such content "go viral".: 21  The term viral media differs from spreadable media as the latter refers to the potential of content to become viral. Memes are one known example of informational viral patterns.
William E. Weeks
William Edward Weeks (June 23, 1880 – April 23, 1972) was an American attorney and politician who served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and as Mayor of Everett, Massachusetts.

Everett, Massachusetts
Everett is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, directly north of Boston, bordering the neighborhood of Charlestown. The population was 49,075 at the time of the 2020 United States census.

Everett was the last city in the United States to have a bicameral legislature, which was composed of a seven-member Board of Aldermen and an eighteen-member Common Council. On November 8, 2011, the voters approved a new City Charter that changed the City Council to a unicameral body with eleven members – six ward councilors and five councilors-at-large. The new City Council was elected during the 2013 City Election.
Combridge
Combridge is a small settlement in Staffordshire, England, near the town of Uttoxeter. It is in the parish of Rocester, a little to the south of the village of that name. For population details as taken at the 2011 census see Rocester.

The River Churnet enters the River Dove here. Combridge was formerly on the now-defunct North Staffordshire Railway.

Uttoxeter
Uttoxeter (/juːˈtɒksɪtər/ ⓘ yoo-TOK-sit-ər, locally also /ˈʊtʃɪtər/ UUTCH-it-ər) is a market town and civil parish in the East Staffordshire borough of Staffordshire, England. It is near to the Derbyshire county border.

The town is 14 miles (23 km) from Burton upon Trent via the A50 and the A38, 14 miles (23 km) from Stafford via the A518, 16 miles (26 km) from Stoke-on-Trent via the A50, and 20 miles (32 km) from Derby via the A50 and the A38, and 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Rugeley via the A518 and the B5013.

The population was 14,014 at the 2021 Census.

The town's literary connections include Samuel Johnson and Mary Howitt.
Double inverted pendulum
A double inverted pendulum is the combination of the inverted pendulum and the double pendulum. The system consists of two rigid rods connected in series by rotational joints, with the lower joint attached to a base. The pendulum has 2 degrees of Freedom. The double inverted pendulum is unstable, meaning that it will fall down unless it is controlled in some way. The two main methods of controlling a double inverted pendulum are moving the base, as with the inverted pendulum, or by applying a torque at the pivot point between the two pendulums.

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Georgie A. Hulse McLeod
Georgie A. Hulse McLeod (née, Hulse; pen name, various, including Mary A. Holmes and Flora Neale; 1827–1890) was an American author and hymnwriter of Southern United States literature, as well as an educator and temperance activist. She was well known in literary and temperance circles throughout the American South.

For 18 years, she corresponded with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who took much interest in her and in her work. She received encouragement from Lydia Sigourney, while Dr. Benjamin Franklin Thompson, the Long Island historian, was also one of McLeod's steadfast friends.

Temperance movement in the United States
The temperance movement in the United States, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol, had a large influence on American politics and American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol, through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance.
Trey Mitchell (strongman)
Charles "Trey" Mitchell III (born July 16, 1993), is a professional strongman from Lumberton, Texas. He is most notable for winning the Shaw Classic strongman championship two consecutive times in 2021 and 2022.

Keg-tossing
Keg-tossing (or keg toss) is a traditional strength sport that involves the heaving of a standard half-barrel beer keg or a similar implement. The basic technique involves swinging the keg in a pendulum like manner and releasing when it is at its apex. The keg must be completely emptied before it should be tossed for better stability and to avoid injuries.
Bagot, Manitoba
Bagot is an unincorporated community located in the Municipality of North Norfolk in south central Manitoba, Canada.  The town is located approximately 24 kilometers (15 miles) west of Portage la Prairie, on Provincial Road 242.
It was established as a Canadian Pacific Railroad point in 1881 and named by the Marquis of Lorne, Governor General of Canada, after his aide-de-camp Captain, the Honourable W. R. Bagot, later the fourth Baron of Bagot.

Portage la Prairie
Portage la Prairie (/ˈpɔːrtɪdʒ lə ˈprɛəri/) is a small city in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba, Canada. In 2016, the population was 13,304 and the land area was 24.68 square kilometres (9.53 sq mi).

Portage la Prairie is approximately 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Winnipeg, alongside the Trans-Canada Highway (exactly halfway between the provincial boundaries of Saskatchewan and Ontario). It sits on the Assiniboine River, which flooded the town persistently until a diversion channel north to Lake Manitoba (the Portage Diversion) was built to divert the flood waters. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Portage la Prairie.

According to Environment Canada, Portage la Prairie has the most sunny days during the warm months in Canada. It is the administrative headquarters of the Dakota Tipi First Nations reserve.
Aarhus Idrætsforening af 1900
Aarhus Idrætsforening af 1900 commonly known as Århus 1900 is a Danish sports club from Århus in Denmark. It has sections for athletics, badminton, orienteering, swimming, triathlon, tennis, volley and football.

The club is one of Denmark's biggest, and a number of athletes has participated in the Summer Olympic Games, World Championships and European Athletics Championships.

Most famous is perhaps shot putter Joachim Olsen, but also Christina Scherwin and Renata Nielsen has represented the club.

The club's long-time rival is AGF-Athletics

The club arranges the annual track and field event, Århus Games

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.