hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colônia Leopoldina, Bahia
Colônia Leopoldina (Portuguese: Leopoldina colony) was a German and Swiss settlement in the captaincy of Bahia founded in 1818 or 1819. The settlement began as a land grant given to six German and Swiss men after a series of incentives created by João VI to attract European immigration to Brazil. Colônia Leopoldina was intended to use free labor but devolved into a slave plantation and began to decline after the abolition of slavery in Brazil.

The modern-day district of Helvécia in Nova Viçosa is located on the former Colônia Leopoldina.

European immigration to Brazil
European immigration to Brazil refers to the movement of European people to Brazil. It should not be confused with the colonisation of the country by the Portuguese.

According to the 2022 census, 88.8% (180 million) of Brazilians are of European descent.
43.46% (88 million) are of European descent only and identify as White.
45.34% (92 million) are descendants of Europeans mixed with Africans or indigenous people and declare themselves as Pardo.
Antonio J. Ramos
Brigadier General Antonio J. Ramos (born 1946) was an officer of the United States Air Force. He was the first Hispanic to serve as commander, Air Force Security Assistance Center, Air Force Materiel Command, and dual-hatted as Assistant to the Commander for International Affairs, Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command.

Air Mobility Command
The Air Mobility Command (AMC) is a Major Command (MAJCOM) of the U.S. Air Force. It is headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, east of St. Louis, Missouri, near Mascoutah, Illinois.

Air Mobility Command was established on 1 June 1992 and was formed from elements of the inactivated Military Airlift Command (MAC) and Strategic Air Command (SAC).  AMC melded MAC's worldwide airlift system of primarily C-5 Galaxy, C-141 Starlifter (later replaced by C-17 Globemaster III beginning in 1995), and C-130 Hercules airlift aircraft with SAC's tanker force of KC-135 Stratotanker and KC-10 Extender aerial refueling aircraft, the latter air refueling aircraft having been freed from their strategic nuclear strike commitment to SAC's B-52 Stratofortress and B-1 Lancer bomber fleet by the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.  In 2016, the Air Force Historical Research Agency consolidated the histories of AMC and MAC, extending AMC's lineage back to 1941.
Multiple gunshot suicide
Multiple-gunshot suicide occurs when an individual commits suicide by inflicting multiple gunshots on oneself before becoming incapacitated. It excludes suicides where the firearms are operated by other people, such as suicide by cop.

Gunshot
A gunshot is a single discharge of a gun, typically a man-portable firearm, producing a visible flash, a powerful and loud shockwave and often chemical gunshot residue.  The term can also refer to a ballistic wound caused by such a discharge.

Multiple discharges of one or more firearms are referred to as gunfire.  The word can connote either the sound of a gun firing, the projectiles that were fired, or both.  For example, the statement "gunfire came from the next street" could either mean the sound of discharge, or it could mean the bullets that were discharged.  It is better to be a bit more specific while writing however. "The sound of gunfire" or "we came under gunfire" would be more descriptive and prevent confusion.  In the latter phrase, in particular, "fire" is used more (i.e. "under fire"), as both words hold the same general meaning within the proper context.
Menesta tortriciformella
Menesta tortriciformella is a species of moth in the family Depressariidae. It was first described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1860. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ontario, Nova Scotia.

The wingspan is 9–10 mm. The forewings are blackish brown with greenish-violet reflections and a few white scales just beyond the middle forming an indistinct, short, transverse line. The hindwings are much lighter brown.

The larvae feed on Corylus americana and Rubus allegheniensis.

James Brackenridge Clemens
James Brackenridge Clemens (31 January 1825, in Wheeling, Virginia – 11 January 1867, in Easton, Pennsylvania) was an American entomologist who specialized in Lepidoptera. He described many new species. His collection of microlepidoptera is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Saint-Barthélemy-d'Agenais
Saint-Barthélemy-d'Agenais (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ baʁtelemi daʒ(ə)nɛ], literally Saint-Barthélemy of Agenais; Occitan: Sent Bertomiu d'Agenés) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.

Lot-et-Garonne
Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [lɔt e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ, Occitan: Òlt e Garona) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the rivers Lot and Garonne, it had a population of 331,271 in 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Agen.
Some Kind of Love Story
Some Kind of Love Story is a one-act play by Arthur Miller.  It was first presented in 1982 by the Long Wharf Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut, where it was combined with Elegy for a Lady under the title 2 by A.M.; the combination of these two plays has also been presented as Two-Way Mirror.

Some Kind of Love Story was first published by Dramatists Play Service in 1983 as ISBN 978-0-8222-1053-5.

Miller adapted the play as the 1990 film Everybody Wins, directed by Karel Reisz and starring Debra Winger and Nick Nolte.

Long Wharf Theatre
Long Wharf Theatre is a nonprofit institution in New Haven, Connecticut, a pioneer in the not-for-profit regional theatre movement, the originator of several prominent plays, and a venue where many internationally known actors have appeared.

Founded in 1965, the theatre is committed to the creation of new works and the reexamination of classic plays. It is currently led by Artistic Director Jacob G. Padrón and Managing Director Kit Ingui.

The theatre has staged world premieres by Samuel D. Hunter, Craig Lucas, Steve Martin, Paula Vogel, Athol Fugard, and Anna Deavere Smith, among others. In addition, some of the nation’s leading actors, including Sam Waterston, Stacy Keach, Brian Dennehy, Al Pacino, Karen Allen, Colleen Dewhurst, Judith Ivey, Jane Alexander, Reg E. Cathey, Mary McDonnell, and Anna Deavere Smith, have performed on one of the theatre’s two stages.

In 2022, Long Wharf announced plans to leave its longtime venue and become an itinerant New Haven theater company.
Nicolau Menezes
Nicolau Menezes was an Indian independence activist and teacher from Goa. Along with Vaman Sardesai and Libia Lobo, he ran an underground radio station, Voice of Freedom, that transmitted across Portuguese Goa from 1955 to 1961, advocating the cause of the Goan independence movement.

Goa liberation movement
The Goa liberation movement was a movement which fought to end Portuguese colonial rule in Goa, Portuguese India. The movement built on the small scale revolts and uprisings of the 19th century, and grew powerful during the period 1940–1961. The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa, and was characterised by a range of tactics including nonviolent demonstrations, revolutionary methods and diplomatic efforts. However, Portuguese control of its Indian colonies ended only when India invaded and annexed Goa in 1961, causing a mixture of worldwide acclaim and condemnation, and incorporated the territories into India.
Esashi Town Historical Museum
Esashi Town Historical Museum (江差町郷土資料館, Esashi-chō kyōdo shiryōkan) opened in Esashi, Hokkaidō, Japan in 2007. Dedicated to the nature, history, and way of life of Esashi, exhibits include Jōmon and Zoku-Jōmon artefacts, objects from the Satsumon culture, goods brought by the kitamaebune, and materials relating to the Battle of Hakodate.

The building in which the museum is housed dates to 1887. A former subprefectural government branch office with jurisdiction over the districts of Hiyama and Nishi, it has subsequently served in turn as Esashi Police Station, Esashi Town Hall, and Esashi Town Hall branch building. Restored and opened to the public in 1998, it is the only example of a District Office in Hokkaidō and has been designated a Prefectural Tangible Cultural Property.

Subprefectures of Hokkaido
Hokkaido Prefecture had 14 branch offices called 支庁 (shichō) in Japanese, which is often translated in English as subprefectures. Normally, a subprefecture consists of a few to a dozen cities, towns, and/or villages. From April 2010, Hokkaido has nine General Subprefecture Bureaus (総合振興局, sōgō-shinkō-kyoku, literally "Comprehensive Promotion Bureau") and five Subprefecture Bureaus (振興局, shinkō-kyoku, literally "Promotion Bureau")).

For historical reasons, some older people in Hokkaido use the subprefecture name suffixed by -kannai in their address.
Jonas Axeldal
Jonas Mikael Axeldahl (born 2 September 1970) is a Swedish former professional footballer. He played for U.S. Foggia, before moving to Ipswich Town, and then to Cambridge United where he retired. He represented Sweden at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Calcio Foggia 1920
Calcio Foggia 1920, commonly referred to as Foggia, is an Italian football club based in Foggia, Apulia. It currently plays in Serie C, the third division of the Italian championship.

Having last been in the top level Serie A in 1995, the team experienced the best periods in its history in the 1960s and 1970s, and also in the first half of the 1990s, playing four seasons in the top flight while coming close to qualifying for the UEFA Cup and gaining media exposure at European level for expressing fast and attacking football.

On 23 April 2017, the club regained promotion to Serie B after a 19-year absence, but folded again only two years later, to restart from Serie D in 2019 as Calcio Foggia.
Cirsium foliosum
Cirsium foliosum , also called leafy thistle, foliose thistle, elk thistle, or Evert's thistle, is a North American plant species in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae.  The species is native to Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Alberta, British Columbia, and Wyoming.

Cirsium foliosum  is a biennial or perennial herb up to 70 cm (28 inches) tall, blooming only once before dying. Leaves have thin spines along the edges. There are several flowering heads per plant, with white or pale pink disc florets but no ray florets.

The roots and stems are edible raw or cooked. The stem, when split open and peeled, can be eaten like celery. Bears, deer and elk also eat the plant.

Cardueae
The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) and the subfamily Carduoideae.  Most of them are commonly known as thistles; four of the best known genera are Carduus, Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium, and Onopordum.

They are annual, biennial, or perennial herbs.  Many species are thorny on leaves, stems, or involucre, and some have laticifers or resin conduits. Almost 80 genera comprising 2500 species are assigned to this tribe, native of temperate regions of Europe and Asia (especially the Mediterranean region and Minor Asia), Australia and tropical Africa; only three genera contain species native to the Americas.
Ant Architecture: The Wonder, Beauty, and Science of Underground Nests
Ant Architecture: The Wonder, Beauty, and Science of Underground Nests is a 2021 book by American biologist Walter R. Tschinkel that explores the world of underground ant nests. Drawing from his research on ant colonies, Tschinkel who is known as the creator of the field of underground ant nest architecture research, provides an in-depth look at the architectural and biological complexity of ant nests and the innovative methods used to study them. He documents how he casts ant nests with plaster, molten metal, or wax, then excavates them and analyzes their structure. The book also discusses the functional and environmental significance of these nests, and poses critical questions about ant behavior and the role of architecture in their colonies. The work won the 2022 PROSE Award in Biological Sciences from the Association of American Publishers.

Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic solids that are  malleable near ambient temperatures.  They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to give low viscosity liquids. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as hexane, benzene and chloroform.  Natural waxes of various types are produced by plants and animals and occur in petroleum.
Hillside, Portland, Oregon
Hillside is a Northwest Portland neighborhood in the city's West Hills.  It is anchored by the Hillside Community Center, the former site of Catlin Gabel School, which was designed by noted architect Pietro Belluschi.  The center features neighborhood meeting spaces, a soccer field and a basketball court.  The neighborhood is adjacent to Northwest, which is home to many restaurants, bars and shops and to Forest Park.

Pietro Belluschi
Pietro Belluschi (August 18, 1899 – February 14, 1994) was an Italian-American architect. A leading figure in modern architecture, he was responsible for the design of over 1,000 buildings.

Born in Ancona, Italy, Belluschi began his architectural career as a draftsman in a Portland, Oregon firm. He achieved a national reputation within about 20 years, largely for his 1947 aluminum-clad Equitable Building. In 1951, he was named the dean of the MIT School of Architecture and Planning, where he served until 1965, also working as collaborator and design consultant for many high-profile commissions, most famously the 1963 Pan Am Building. He won the American Institute of Architects' Gold Medal in 1972.
Football records and statistics in Georgia
This page details football records and statistics in Georgia's all three competitions since early 1990 when the Georgian Football Federation was founded and relations with the Soviet Football were severed.

1990 Umaglesi Liga
The 1990 Umaglesi Liga was the first and inaugural season of top-tier football in Georgia. It began on 30 March and ended on 12 November 1990. Georgia was still a part of the Soviet Union, but the Georgian clubs were withdrawn from the Soviet league system and formed the Georgian league system. Iberia Tbilisi won the championship.

The league was formed by 18 clubs based on their performance the previous year across four tiers:

Soviet Top League: Iberia, Guria;

Soviet First League: Torpedo, Batumi and Tskhumi (the latter was created after Dinamo Sokhumi split into two clubs);

Soviet Second League: Savanardo, Kolkheti Poti, Kolkheti Khobi, Gorda, Dila, Mertskhali, Shevardeni;

Georgian Championship: Samgurali, Odishi, Amirani, Mziuri, Iveria, Liakhvi.
Peter Berger (rower)
Peter Berger (born 16 October 1949) is a German rower who competed for West Germany in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Konstanz.

In 1968 he was a crew member of the West German boat which finished twelfth in the coxed four event. He competed at the 1970 World Rowing Championships in St. Catharines in the coxed four and won gold. He competed at the 1971 European Rowing Championships and won a gold medal with the coxed four. In 1972 he won the gold medal with the West German boat in the coxed four competition.

1970 World Rowing Championships
The 1970 World Rowing Championships was the 3rd World Rowing Championships. It was held in 1970 at the Royal Canadian Henley Rowing Course in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. The competition involved seven events. Prior to the 4th World Rowing Championships in 1974, only men competed.
Nakuru Agreement
The Nakuru Agreement, signed on June 21, 1975, in Nakuru, Kenya, was an attempt to salvage the January 15 1975 Alvor Agreement, which granted Angola independence from Portugal and established a transitional government. While the Nakuru Agreement did produce a short truce between the three nationalist movements—the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)— clashes resumes on July 9, 1975.

Nakuru
Nakuru is a city in the Rift Valley region of Kenya. It is the capital of Nakuru County, and it is the fourth largest city in Kenya and the largest in the Rift Valley region. As of 2019, Nakuru had an urban population of 570,674, making it the largest urban center in the Rift Valley, above Eldoret, Uasin Gishu County. The city lies along the Nairobi–Nakuru Highway, 160 kilometres (99 mi) from Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya.
Banín
Banín (German: Bohnau) is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Banín lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Svitavy, 64 km (40 mi) south-east of Pardubice, and 153 km (95 mi) east of Prague.

Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region (Czech: Pardubický kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It is named after its capital Pardubice. As an administrative unit, Pardubice Region has existed three times in the course of history. It was established for the first time in 1850, and extended from Český Brod to the Bohemian-Moravian border. In its second existence, it was one of 19 regions as they were set between 1949 and 1960. After 1960, Pardubice became the capital of Pardubice district, which was part of the Eastern Bohemian Region (capital Hradec Králové). The Pardubice Region, as it is now, was reestablished in 2000.
Bambusa procera
Bambusa procera is a species of bamboo in the tribe Bambuseae; it was described from Vietnam by Chevalier and Camus.  It is a included in the grass family, with no subspecies listed in the Catalogue of Life.

Aimée Antoinette Camus
Aimée Antoinette Camus (1 May 1879 – 17 April 1965) was a French botanist. She was best known for her study of orchids and oaks. Camus also has the legacy of authoring the second highest number of land plant species among female scientists, in total naming 677 species.
Wilson Myers
Wilson "Serious" Myers (born Ernest Wilson Myers or Wilson Ernestine Myers, October 2, 1906 – July 10, 1992)  was an American jazz double-bassist, baritone and bass saxophonist, vocalist, bandleader and arranger, best known for his contributions to New Orleans jazz. He also played trombone on a 1996 released album of Django Reinhardt recordings.

Sidney Bechet
Sidney Joseph Bechet (May 14, 1897 – May 14, 1959) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, and first recorded several months before trumpeter Louis Armstrong. His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim. Bechet spent much of his later life in France.
Kevin Kerr (cricketer)
Kevin John Kerr (born 11 September 1961) is a former South African cricketer of Scottish birth. He was active from 1978 to 1990 and played for Transvaal B, Transvaal, Warwickshire and the South African Defence Force cricket team. He was born in Airdrie, Lanarkshire. He appeared in 83 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm off break. He scored 1,040 runs with a highest score of 74 and held 64 catches. He took 211 wickets with a best performance of 6 for 37.

South African Defence Force cricket team
South African Defence Force was a first-class cricket team in South Africa. They played six first-class friendly matches, one match per season, between October 1984 and October 1989.

At the time the strength of the South African Defence Force was boosted by conscription for all young white men, and as a consequence the South African Defence Force team were able to call on many young first-class cricketers, some of whom went on to play at Test level in the 1990s.
Monster (Red Velvet – Irene & Seulgi song)
"Monster" is a song recorded by Red Velvet - Irene & Seulgi, the first sub-unit of South Korean girl group Red Velvet, for their 2020 eponymous debut extended play. A dance-pop track with influence from dubstep genre, the song was written by songwriter Kenzie, while production was handled by Yaakov 'Yash' Gruzman, Jenson Vaughn, Delaney Jane and Yoo Young-jin. It was released on July 6, 2020 by SM Entertainment and Dreamus, serving as the lead single from their first major release.

Yoo Young-jin
Yoo Young-jin is a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer and vocal trainer formerly under SM Entertainment. He has produced and written songs for H.O.T., S.E.S, BoA, Shinhwa, TVXQ, CSJH The Grace, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, f(x), EXO, Red Velvet, NCT and aespa.
2010–11 Solomon Islands S-League
The 2010–11 Telekom S-League was the 8th season of the Telekom S-League in the Solomon Islands. Koloale won the league for the fourth time and also qualified as the Solomon Islands representative for the 2011–12 OFC Champions League through the 2011 Solomon Islands Champions League Playoff against Solomon Warriors. All matches were played at the hillside ground called Lawson Tama Stadium, with an approximate capacity of 20,000.

Lawson Tama Stadium
Lawson Tama Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Honiara, Solomon Islands. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is unique as the stand is built into the hillside so there is no official capacity but no more than 20,000 would fit the surrounding grassland. The stadium hosted the 2012 OFC Nations Cup and inaugural Mini South Pacific Games in July 1981.
Andahuaylas Airport
Andahuaylas Airport (IATA: ANS, ICAO: SPHY) is a high-elevation airport serving the city of Andahuaylas, in Peru. It is an important airport in the Apurímac Region as being the only one capable of receiving commercial flights. It is operated by the civil government. Apart from scheduled flights, it also has many charter flights.

The airport is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southeast of Andahuaylas, and sits on a mesa above the Chumbao River, which continues north and west into the town. There is high terrain in all quadrants.

Mesa
A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge, or hill, bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks, such as shales, capped by a resistant layer of harder rock, like sandstone or limestone, forming a caprock that protects the flat summit. The caprock may also include dissected lava flows or eroded duricrust.

Unlike a plateau, which is a broader, elevated region that may not have horizontal bedrock (e.g., Tibetan Plateau), a mesa is defined by flat-lying strata and steep-sided isolation. Large, flat-topped plateaus with horizontal strata, less isolated and often part of extensive plateau systems, are called tablelands. A butte is a smaller, eroded mesa with a limited summit, while a cuesta has a gentle dip slope and one steep escarpment due to tilted strata.