hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Josef Mattauch
Josef Mattauch (21 November 1895 – 10 August 1976) was a nuclear physicist and chemist. He was known for the development of the Mattauch-Herzog double-focusing mass spectrometer, for his work on the investigation of isotopic abundances using mass spectrometry, and the determination of atomic weights. 
Much of his career was spent at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry (later the Max Planck Institute).

He developed the Mattauch isobar rule ("Isobarenregel") in 1934. He correctly predicted that the last of the rare earth elements, element 61 (later named promethium), would not have stable isotopes.

Max Planck Society
The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.; MPG) is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institutes. Founded in 1911 as the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, it was renamed to the Max Planck Society in 1948 in honor of its former president, theoretical physicist Max Planck. The society is funded by the federal and state governments of Germany.
Bjørnevatn IL
Bjørnevatn Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Bjørnevatn, Finnmark. It has sections for association football and Nordic skiing.

The men's football team currently plays in the Fourth Division, having had a run from 2008 to 2010 and another single season in 2014. Before 2008 they had been absent since 1998.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
Leshchenko
Leshchenko (Ukrainian: Лещенко, Russian: Лещенко) is a surname of Ukrainian origin.

This surname is shared by the following people:

Dmitry Leshchenko (1876–1937), Russian revolutionary and organizer of Soviet cinema

Lev Leshchenko (born 1942), Russian singer

Pyotr Leshchenko (1898–1954), singer in the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, "the King of Russian Tango"

Serhiy Leshchenko (born 1980), Ukrainian journalist and public figure

Vyacheslav Leshchenko (born 1995), Russian professional ice hockey right winger

Serhiy Leshchenko
Serhiy Leshchenko (Ukrainian: Сергій Анатолійович Лещенко, 30 August, 1980) is a Ukrainian ex-journalist, politician and public figure, Member of Parliament (8th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada). From 2002 until 2014, Leshchenko worked as a Deputy Editor-in-Chief and as a special correspondent for Ukrainska Pravda online newspaper.
Abdelkarim Mammar
Abdelkarim Mammar Chaouche (Arabic: عبد الكريم معمر شاوش; born 21 October 1996), also shortened to Karim Mammar, is a Swedish-َAlgerian footballer who plays as a defender for MC Oran in Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

MC Oran
Mouloudia Club of Oran (Arabic: نادي مولودية وهران), known as MC Oran, or simply MCO for short, is an Algerian professional football club based in Oran. Founded on 1 January 1917, the club was known as Mouloudia Chaâbia Ouahrania from 1971 to 1977, Mouloudia Pétroliers d'Oran (Arabic: مولودية نفط وهران, MP Oran for a short) from 1977 to 1987 and Mouloudia d'Oran from 1987 to 1989. The club colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Miloud Hadefi Stadium, has a capacity of more than 40,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

Until 2008, MC Oran was the only club in Algeria to have participated in every single season of the first division since its inception in 1962. However, the club was relegated at the end of the 2007–08 season but returned after just one season in the Algerian Championnat National 1.
Lerma, Piedmont
Lerma is a comune (municipality) of approx. 849 inhabitants, in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Alessandria.

It borders the municipalities of Bosio, Casaleggio Boiro, Castelletto d'Orba, Montaldeo, Silvano d'Orba and Tagliolo Monferrato.

Province of Alessandria
The province of Alessandria (Italian: provincia di Alessandria; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Lissandria; in Piedmontese of Alessandria: provinsa ëd Lissändria) is an province of the region of Piedmont in Italy. The capital is the city of Alessandria. It has a population of 407,029 across its 187 municipalities as of 2025.

With an area of 3,558.83 square kilometres (1,374.07 mi2) it is the third largest province of Piedmont after the province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin. To the north it borders on the province of Vercelli and to the west on the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Asti. It shares its southern border with Liguria (province of Savona and the Metropolitan City of Genoa). Its south-east corner touches the Province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, while to the east it borders on the Lombard province of Pavia.
Stay Up! (Viagra)
"Stay Up! (Viagra)" is the first single released from producer-rapper 88-Keys' debut album The Death of Adam and features the album's co-executive producer Kanye West. The song samples "All Night Loving" by British R&B three-piece band Imagination. The single was released digitally on August 25, 2008. According to both artists, the song, which follows the overall storyline of the concept album, is about a man named Adam, who after a bad string of relationships, decides to take Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate) in an attempt to "stay up" longer. A snippet of the track was first previewed on Kanye West's 2007 Can't Tell Me Nothing mixtape and featured an additional spoken word verse delivered by Malik Yusef.

Imagination (band)
Imagination were an English trio, who came to prominence in the early 1980s. They had hits in 28 countries, earning four platinum discs, nine gold discs, and more than a dozen silver discs around the world between 1981 and 1983.
Robert J. Gordon
Robert James Gordon is an American economist. He is the Stanley G. Harris Professor of the Social Sciences at Northwestern University and one of the world's leading experts on inflation, unemployment, and long-term economic growth.

He is known for his work on U.S. economic growth, productivity, inflation, and price measurement. His research has had significant influence on both academic scholarship and economic policy, particularly in the areas of historical productivity analysis, supply shocks, and inflation measurement.

American Economic Association
The American Economic Association (AEA) is a learned society in the field of economics, with approximately 23,000 members. It publishes several peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Review, and the Journal of Economic Perspectives.
3D modeling
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.

Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning. Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping.

Texture mapping
Texture mapping is a term used in computer graphics to describe how 2D images are projected onto 3D models. The most common variant is the UV unwrap, which can be described as an inverse paper cutout, where the surfaces of a 3D model are cut apart so that it can be unfolded into a 2D coordinate space (UV space).
Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein
Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein (Maria Theresia Anna Felicitas; 11 May 1694 – 20 February 1772) was the heiress to the Silesian Duchy of Troppau (now Opava in Czech Republic). Countess of Soissons by marriage, she was the last person to hold the title. She had one son who predeceased her in 1734.

Opava
Opava (Czech pronunciation: [ˈopava] ⓘ; German: Troppau, Polish: Opawa) is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 55,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Opava River. Opava is one of the historical centres of Silesia and was a historical capital of Czech Silesia.
Gude Mahalingeswara Temple
13°48′05″N 74°40′23″E﻿ / ﻿13.8014°N 74.6731°E﻿ / 13.8014; 74.6731

Sri Gude Mahalingeshwara Temple (ಗುಡೇ ಮಹಾಲೀ೦ಗೆಶ್ವರ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ) is an Indian temple, located in Herenjalu Kundapura taluk, Udupi district in Karnataka, India Pin code 576219. It is a God Shiva temple and has years of old history. Shiva is worshiped as Gude Mahalingeswara (ಮಹಾಲೀ೦ಗೆಶ್ವರ), and is represented by the lingam. The temple has the Garbhagriha (sanctum), the Darshan Mandap (worship hall), and Sabha Mandap (convention hall), Vinayaka and Mata devi temple.

The Gude Mahalineshrawara festival is celebrated during the month of April (Chitra Poornime) of every year, the festival lasts for 3 days. The major religious activities (or pujas) performed every morning are abhisheka, aarti etc. In the season of Danurmasa (one month before Makara Sankranti) conducting morning pujas.

Kundapur
Kundapra, officially Kundapura, is a town in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India. This town was known as Coondapoor when it was part of the erstwhile South Canara district (1862–1947) of the Madras Presidency of British India. Present-day Kundapur is administered by the Kundapur Town Municipal Council and serves as the headquarters of eponymous Kundapur taluk in Udupi district.
Gözpınar, Gerger
Gözpınar (Kurdish: Qesrik) is a village in the Gerger District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Çûkan tribe and had a population of 291 in 2021.

The hamlets of Alıçlı, Büzme, Sağlık and Yeşiltaş.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Caupolicán the Younger
Caupolicán the Younger according to Juan Ignacio Molina was the son of the toqui Caupolicán. He was made toqui following the capture and execution of his father in 1558.  He continued the first Mapuche rising against the Spanish conquistadors in 1558 and commanded the Mapuche army in constructing a pukara at Quiapo to block García Hurtado de Mendoza from rebuilding a fort in Arauco completing the chain of forts for suppression of their rebellion.  In the Battle of Quiapo the Mapuche suffered a terrible defeat and there Caupolicán the younger died.  His successor as toqui was Illangulién.

The earlier historian Diego de Rosales says the toqui that led at Quiapo was Lemucaguin.

Juan Ignacio Molina
Fr. Juan Ignacio Molina (Spanish pronunciation: [xwan iɣˈnasjo moˈlina]; (June 24, 1740 – September 12, 1829) was a Chilean-Spanish Jesuit priest, naturalist, historian, translator, geographer, botanist, ornithologist, and linguist. He is usually referred to as Abate Molina (Abbot Molina), and is also sometimes known by the Italian form of his name, Giovanni Ignazio Molina.

He was one of the precursors of the theory of the gradual evolution of species, 44 years before Darwin, who repeatedly quoted him in "The Origin of Species".

The standard author abbreviation Molina is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Inquilino
In historical Chilean agriculture, an inquilino was a laborer who was indebted to a landlord and allowed to establish a farm on certain portions of the landlord's property, typically in marginal lands to deter intruders. In return, the inquilino worked without salary for the landlord. These inquilinos played a crucial role in tasks such as livestock gathering (rodeo) and slaughter. In regions focused on wheat production, the responsibilities of inquilinos increased as the Chilean wheat cycle progressed from the 18th century onwards.

The inquilinaje institution, which characterized a significant part of Chilean agriculture, was abolished by the Chilean land reform during the 1960s and early 1970s. Historian Mario Góngora has conducted extensive research on the history of inquilinos. In modern Spanish, the word "inquilino" carries the same meaning as the English term "tenant".

Landlord
A landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used. In the United Kingdom, the manager of a pub, officially a licensed victualler, is also referred to as the landlord/landlady. In political economy, landlord specifically refers to someone who owns natural resources (such as land, excluding buildings) from which they derive economic rent, a form of passive income.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus GLB44
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus is a bacterial subspecies traditionally isolated from European yogurts. Lactobacillus bulgaricus GLB44 differs from other L. bulgaricus strains, because it was isolated from the leaves of Galanthus nivalis (common snowdrop) in Bulgaria.

Generally recognized as safe
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) is a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts under the conditions of its intended use. An ingredient with a GRAS designation is exempted from the usual Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) food additive tolerance requirements.

Some examples of substances recognized as GRAS include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), citric acid, and salt, which are all commonly used in food preservation and flavoring. The concept of food additives being "generally recognized as safe" was first described in the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, and all additives introduced after this time had to be evaluated by new standards.
Einstein Foundation Berlin
The Einstein Foundation Berlin is a foundation based in Berlin, Germany "that aims to promote science and research of top international caliber in Berlin and to establish the city as a centre of scientific excellence." It does this through various objectives, including the cross-institutional promotion of Berlin research projects, the appointment of outstanding scientists to Berlin, targeted support for young researchers, and better cooperation between university, non-university, and private sector institutions.

The foundation supports research in many fields beyond science, including linguistics, archeology, and political science. It gives out annual awards and sponsors various projects, including the "Einstein Center of Catalysis".

The Einstein Foundation Berlin is separate from the short-lived Albert Einstein Foundation for Higher Learning, Inc., founded in 1946.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Carlos Mugabo
Carlos Monroe (born on May 5, 1987 in Philadelphia, United States, but listed by Rwanda as born Carlos Mugabo on August 12, 1986 in Nyarugenge) is an American basketball player who was part of the Rwanda national basketball team at the 2009 FIBA Africa Championship. He played for the Florida Atlantic Owls men's basketball from 2005 to 2009.

Mugabo was a late addition to the Rwandan team for the 2009 FIBA Africa Championship after two Rwandan players pulled out of the tournament three weeks before the scheduled opener.  Nevertheless, he averaged 10.6 PPG, 5.8 RPG, and 2.0 SPG to help lead the Rwandans to a 9th-place finish and their best performance to date at the African Championships.

Rwanda men's national basketball team
Rwanda men's national basketball team is a basketball team that represents Rwanda in international competitions. It is administered by the Rwandan Basketball Federation (FERWABA) Rwanda has yet to qualify for the FIBA Basketball World Cup, but has qualified for the AfroBasket six times.

Before 2000, Team Rwanda was virtually unknown to most basketball fans worldwide. Since the mid-2000s however, the team slowly but surely has made a name for itself. Team Rwanda has emerged as a major force in East Africa and has qualified for the AfroBasket, Africa's prime basketball event, four times in a row between 2007 and 2013.

At the AfroBasket 2021 on home soil, Rwanda beat Angola, winner of ten AfroBasket editions between 1989 and 2013. The victory was considered an enormous achievement of the national team.

Rwanda won a bronze medal at the 2023 FIBA AfroCan in Angola, the first ever podium finish in the country's history.
Shawn Occeus
Shawn Occeus (born December 15, 1997) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Northeastern Huskies.

Niagara River Lions
The Niagara River Lions are a Canadian professional basketball team based in St. Catharines, Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Niagara, that competes in the Canadian Elite Basketball League. From 2015 to 2018, they were members of the National Basketball League of Canada. The River Lions play their home games at the Meridian Centre in downtown St. Catharines.
Ighodaro
Ighodaro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aita Ighodaro, British author

Claire Ighodaro, British-born Nigerian accountant

Irene Ighodaro (1916–1995), Sierra Leonean physician and social reformer

Osas Ighodaro, Nigerian-American actress, producer, host, and humanitarian

Osas Ighodaro
Osariemen Martha Elizabeth Ighodaro (born 26 October 1983), better known as Osas Ighodaro, is a Nigerian-American actress, television host and philanthropist. She won the 2010 Miss Black USA Pageant and founded the Joyful Joy Foundation, a fundraising organization for malaria. Ighodaro emerged as the highest-grossing Nollywood actress of 2018 and was awarded Best Actress in a Drama consecutively at the 2022 and 2023 AMVCA for her roles in Rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story and Man of God,
 respectively.
Terry-Jo Myers
Terry-Jo Myers (born July 23, 1962) is an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour.

Myers won three times on the LPGA Tour between 1988 and 1997.

Myers suffered from interstitial cystitis throughout her career. She was awarded the 1997 Heather Farr Player Award by the LPGA Tour and the 1998 Ben Hogan Award from the Golf Writers Association of America.

Heather Farr Player Award
The Heather Farr Player Award is an award given each year since 1994 by the LPGA Tour to an LPGA golfer "who, through her hard work, dedication and love of the game of golf, has demonstrated determination, perseverance and spirit in fulfilling her goals as a player."

It was established in the memory of Heather Farr, an LPGA player who died of breast cancer at the age of 28 in 1993.
2025 Busan Open – Doubles
Ray Ho and Nam Ji-sung were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Ho partnered Matthew Romios but lost in the final to Rio Noguchi and Yuta Shimizu. Nam partnered Kaito Uesugi but lost in the quarterfinals to Kody Pearson and Adam Walton.

Noguchi and Shimizu won the title after defeating Ho and Romios 7–6(9–7), 6–4 in the final.

Kody Pearson
Kody Pearson (born 26 July 1999) is an Australian tennis player.

Pearson has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 790 achieved on 11 December 2023 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 187 achieved on 17 November 2025.

Pearson has won one ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2025 Queensland International III.

Pearson played college tennis at Tulsa.
Rachna Banerjee
Rachna Banerjee (born Jhumjhum Banerjee; 2 October 1972), also credited mononymously as Rachana, is an Indian actress, politician, entrepreneur and television presenter. She is known primarily for her works in Bengali and Odia films, besides a few Telugu, Tamil, and Kannada films.

Being crowned the 1991 Miss Kolkata, she has also won five other beauty contests in India including Miss Beautiful Smile at the Miss India contest. Since June 2024, she has been serving as the Member of Parliament for Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency) from West Bengal.

Member of Parliament (India)
A Member of Parliament (MP) in India refers to persons who serve in the Parliament of India. These include:

Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha: Representative of the Indian states to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha: Representative of the Indian citizens to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
Night soil
Night soil is a historical euphemism for human excreta collected from cesspools, privies, pail closets, pit latrines, privy middens, septic tanks, etc. This material was removed from the immediate area, usually at night, by workers employed in this trade. Sometimes it could be transported out of towns and sold on as a fertilizer.

Another definition is "untreated excreta transported without water (e.g. via containers or buckets)". Night soil was produced as a result of a sanitation system in areas without sewer systems or septic tanks. In this system of waste management, human feces are collected without dilution in water.

Night soil is largely an outdated term used in historical contexts, while fecal sludge management remains an ongoing challenge, particularly in developing countries.

Cesspit
Cesspit, cesspool and soak pit in some contexts are terms with various meanings: they are used to describe either an underground holding tank (sealed at the bottom) or a soak pit (not sealed at the bottom). A cesspit can be used for the temporary collection and storage of feces, excreta, or fecal sludge as part of an on-site sanitation system and has some similarities with septic tanks or with soak pits. Traditionally, it was a deep cylindrical chamber dug into the ground, having approximate dimensions of 1 metre (3.3 ft) diameter and 2–3 metres (6.6–9.8 ft) depth. Its appearance was similar to that of a hand-dug water well.

The pit can be lined with bricks or concrete, covered with a slab, and needs to be emptied frequently when in use as an underground holding tank.  In other cases (if soil and groundwater conditions allow), it is not constructed watertight, to allow liquid to leach out (similar to a pit latrine or to a soak pit).