hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greatest Croatian
The Greatest Croatian (Croatian: Najveći Hrvat) is an open-access poll, conducted over five weeks in 2003 by the Croatian weekly Nacional.

The public was invited to vote either via the magazine's website, text messages or postcards to determine the "Greatest Croatian" in history. Almost 8,000 votes were received during the course of the poll (6,507 via Internet, 520 text messages and 752 postcards), and the final results were published in the magazine's 6 January 2004 issue.

Vladimir Prelog
Vladimir Prelog ForMemRS (23 July 1906 – 7 January 1998) was a Croatian-Swiss organic chemist who received the 1975 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions. Prelog was born, and spent his infancy, in Sarajevo, and youth in Zagreb, Osijek and Prague. He later lived and worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zürich.: 2
Vedarambha
Vedarambha (Sanskrit: वेदारम्भ, romanized: Vedārambha) is a Hindu rite of passage in which an initiate begins his formal study of the Vedas. It is generally regarded to be the tenth of the sixteen sacraments known as the samskaras, though it is sometimes also offered a different position.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Outline of Iran
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iran:

Iran – sovereign country located in Southwest Asia and the Middle East. Iran is bound by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south and the Caspian Sea to its north. Shi'a Islam is the official religion, and Persian is the official language. Iran's population is about 83,500,000; and is the 18th largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 square kilometres (636,372 sq mi). Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC. Throughout history, Iran has been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and is a regional power. The political system of Iran, based on the 1979 Constitution, comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader, currently Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

Regional power
A regional power is a sovereign state that exercises significant power in international relations within its geographical region. States that wield unrivaled power and influence within a region of the world possess regional hegemony. The term 'regional power' has been used since the late 20th century.
Xinghua Subdistrict, Jilin City
Xinghua Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 兴华街道; traditional Chinese: 興華街道; pinyin: Xīnghuá Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Changyi District, Jilin City, People's Republic of China. As of 2011, it has six residential communities (社区) under its administration.

Jilin City
Jilin City is the second-largest city and former capital of Jilin province in northeast China. As of the 2020 census, 3,623,713 people resided within its administrative area of 27,166.37 square kilometres (10,488.99 sq mi) and 1,895,865 in its built-up (or metro) area consisting of four urban districts. A prefecture-level city, it is the only major city nationally that shares its name with its province.

Jilin City is also known as the River City because of the Songhua River surrounding much of the city. In 2007, it co-hosted the Asian Winter Games.
Matt Whitley
Matt Whitley (born 20 January 1996) is an English rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for St Helens in the Super League and the England Knights at international level.

He previously played for the Widnes Vikings and Catalans Dragons in the Super League.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Tansar
Tansar (Persian: تنسر) was a Zoroastrian Herbadan Herbad (Chief judge) in late Parthian Empire And one of the supporters of Ardashir I. Tansar was apparently a Parthian aristocrat, but he turned to Neoplatonic beliefs. Then he joined Ardashir I and became Herbadan Herbad during his reign. He was commissioned to collect the Avesta and died on an unknown date. Tansar's great work is his letter to Goshnasb, which is one of the most important writings in the collection of Middle Persian literature, which provides valuable information about the social and administrative organization of Iran during the Sassanid period.

The Meadows of Gold
Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems (Arabic: مُرُوج ٱلذَّهَب وَمَعَادِن ٱلْجَوْهَر, Murūj aḏ-Ḏahab wa-Maʿādin al-Jawhar) is a 10th century history book by an Abbasid scholar al-Masudi. Written in Arabic and encompassing the period from the beginning of the world (starting with Adam and Eve) through to the late Abbasid era, the book contains historically documented facts, hadiths or sayings from reliable sources and stories, as well as poetry and anecdotes.

The Meadows of Gold is considered unique in medieval Islamic history. Due to its reliance on and references to Islam, the style of the book makes up an example of what constitutes Islamic historiography.
Zhang Qinsheng
Zhang Qinsheng (Chinese: 章沁生; pinyin: Zhāng Qìnshēng; born May 1948) is a retired general (shangjiang) of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, best known for his term as the First Deputy Chief of the PLA General Staff.

Joint Staff Department (China)
The Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission (JSDCMC) (Chinese: 中央军委联合参谋部) is the operational command organ of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), superseding the former PLA General Staff Department. It was established on 11 January 2016, under the military reforms of Central Military Commission (CMC) chairman Xi Jinping.

Headquartered in Beijing, the Joint Staff Department (JSD) is under the absolute leadership of the CMC and likely serves as an institutional link between members of the CMC and post-2016 PLA theater commands. According to the JSD, its main duties include carrying out combat support planning and combat command support, studying and formulating military strategy and requirements, organizing combat capability assessment, arranging and instructing joint training; and combat readiness and routine war preparedness work.
Government of Manitoba
The powers and structure of the provincial Government of Manitoba (French: Gouvernement du Manitoba)  are set out in the Constitution Act, 1867.

In modern Canadian use, the term "government" refers broadly to the cabinet of the day (formally the Executive Council), elected from the Legislative Assembly and the non-political staff within each provincial department or agency – that is, the civil service.

The Province of Manitoba has a unicameral legislature, the Manitoba Legislature, consisting of the Lieutenant Governor and the Legislative Assembly, which operates in framework of a Westminster-style parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The political party that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the government, and the party's leader becomes premier of the province, i.e., the head of the government.

Westminster system
The Westminster system, or Westminster model, is a type of parliamentary government modelled on that of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Key aspects of the system include an executive branch made up of members of the legislature which is responsible to the legislature, the presence of parliamentary opposition parties, and a ceremonial head of state who is separate from the head of government. The term derives from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the British parliament. The Westminster system can be contrasted with the presidential system, which originated in the United States, and with the semi-presidential system based on the government of France.

The Westminster system is used, or was once used, in the national and subnational legislatures of most former colonies of the British Empire upon gaining self-government, beginning with the Province of Canada in 1848. However, many former colonies have since adopted other forms of government.
Paschim Naokhanda
Paschim Naokhanda is a village in Nanikhir Union under Muksudpur Upazila of Gopalganj District, Bangladesh. The village is bordered by the villages of Nanikhir, Baro Bhatra, Pathorgatha, and Kasalia.

According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Paschim Naokhanda had 342 households and a population of 1,707. Islam was the majority religion (99.7% of the population). 12.4% of the population was under the age of 5. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 54.5%, compared to the national average of 51.8%.

2011 Bangladeshi census
In 2011, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics conducted a national census in Bangladesh, which provided a provisional estimate of the total population of the country as 142,319,000. The previous decennial census was the 2001 census. Data were recorded from all of the districts and upazilas and main cities in Bangladesh, including statistical data on population size, households, sex and age distribution, marital status, economically active population, literacy and educational attainment, religion, number of children etc.  Bangladesh and India also conducted their first joint census of areas along their border in 2011. According to the census, Hindus constituted 8.5 per cent of the population as of 2011, down from 9.6 per cent in the 2001 census.

Bangladesh has a population of 144,043,697 as per the 2011 census report. The majority of 130,201,097 reported that they were Muslim, 12,301,331 reported as Hindu, 864,262 as Buddhist, 532,961 as Christian and 201,661 as others.
Plan 9 (2015 film)
Plan 9 is a 2015 independent science fiction-comedy horror film written and directed by John Johnson, and is homage, and partial remake of the cult 1957 B-movie Plan 9 from Outer Space (widely considered one of the worst movies of all time). It stars Brian Krause, Mr. Lobo, Monique Dupree and Camille Keaton, with appearances by Internet personalities Aaron Yonda, Matt Sloan, James Rolfe and actor Conrad Brooks, who appeared in the original film and was a member of director Ed Wood's regular acting company. Initially intended for 2008 theatrical release, it was released on DVD and Blu-Ray in Australia and New Zealand in February 2015, and on video on demand in North America approximately one year later.

Remake
A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different set of casts, and may use actors from the original, alter the theme, or change the flow and setting of the story. In addition, since a remake is released some time after the original work, it may incorporate new technologies, enhancements, and techniques that had not existed or been commonly used when the original work was created. Similar but not synonymous terms are reimagining or reboot, which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on.
6th Society of Composers & Lyricists Awards
The 6th Society of Composers & Lyricists Awards recognized the best in music in films, television productions and interactive media of 2024. The ceremony was hosted by Colin Hay and took place on February 12, 2025, at the Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California.

The nominees were announced on December 18, 2024. French musical drama film Emilia Pérez led the nominations with three, followed by the television series Shōgun, The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, Masters of the Air and Palm Royale, with two nominations each.

British composer Harry Gregson-Williams and English filmmaker Ridley Scott received the Spirit of Collaboration Award, while American composer Jeff Beal was presented with the Jury Award.

Harry Gregson-Williams
Harry Gregson-Williams (born 13 December 1961) is an English composer, conductor, orchestrator, and record producer. He has composed music for video games, television and films including the Metal Gear series, Phone Booth, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Prince Caspian, X-Men Origins: Wolverine, Team America: World Police, Antz, The Tigger Movie, Chicken Run and its sequel, the Shrek franchise, Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas, Flushed Away, Arthur Christmas, Early Man, Catch-22, and several films from Scott Free Productions. He is also the older brother of fellow composer Rupert Gregson-Williams.

Gregson-Williams collaborated with several film directors such as Ridley Scott, Tony Scott, Andrew Adamson, Ben Affleck, Joel Schumacher, Antoine Fuqua, Niki Caro, Nick Park, and Peter Lord.
Pila Fifita
Pila Fifita (born 13 June 1975 in Viliame Fifita) is a rugby union player who has represented Tonga, including one cap during the 2003 Rugby World Cup. He also played two seasons for the New Zealand Divisional 15. He plays as a winger. He is the father of Sosefo Fifita.

Tonga national rugby union team
The Tonga national rugby union team (Tongan: timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international rugby union. The team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi (Sea Eagles) and is governed by the Tonga Rugby Union. Like their Polynesian neighbours, the Tongans precede their matches with a traditional challenge – the Sipi Tau. They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Samoa. The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19–14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but having lost to New Zealand and Canada, were unable to achieve what would have been their first-ever presence at the quarter-finals.
Saloni Daini
Saloni Daini (Born 19 Jun 2001, Sangil) is an Indian television actress and stand-up comedian, having started her career as a child actress. She is best known for playing the character Gangubai in various comedy TV shows. She is claimed to be one of the youngest comic stars on TV. She has faced the camera from the age of three, acting in Marathi serials and Marathi and Hindi films, and has released a music album for Disney. She also mimics film stars and politicians, and was seen in the promos of Shah Rukh Khan's Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain. In 2010, she appeared on Comedy Circus Mahasangram. She also featured in video series called Main 13 Hoon in June 2015 where among others, Saloni mimes Arnab Goswami pretty well along with Kajol and Sonam Kapoor.

Child actor
A child actor or child actress is a child acting on stage, television or in movies. An adult who began their acting career as a child may also be called a child actor or a "former child actor". Closely associated terms include teenage actor or teen actor, which refer to an actor who gained popularity as a teenager.

Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, mainly due to typecasting. Macaulay Culkin and Lindsay Lohan are two particularly famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at an early age. Some child actors have successful acting careers as adults; for example Mickey Rooney, Elizabeth Taylor, Jodie Foster, Christian Bale, Drew Barrymore, Saoirse Ronan. Other child actors have gone on to successful careers in other fields, including director Ron Howard, politicians Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński, James Jebbia, and singer Jenny Lewis.
B. Neminathan
Balasubramaniam Neminathan (born 28 March 1922, died before 1984) was a Ceylon Tamil politician who served as a Member of Parliament.

Neminathan was born in March 1922. He stood as the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi's (Federal Party) candidate for Trincomalee at the 1970 parliamentary election. He won the election and entered Parliament. In a 1984 publication by his successor R. Sampanthan, it was noted that B. Neminathan is deceased.

Trincomalee Electoral District (1947–1989)
Trincomalee electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the city of Trincomalee in Trincomalee District, Eastern Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Trincomalee electoral district was replaced by the Trincomalee multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Trincomalee continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.
T. S. Kemp
Thomas Stainforth Kemp is a British zoologist and palaeontologist. He is known for his work on the evolution of mammals, and particularly for identifying the criteria by which proto-mammals (synapsids) should be classified as mammals. He is an emeritus fellow of St John's College, Oxford, and he was the curator of the zoological collections in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History until his retirement in 2009.

As well as many academic papers, and four academic books on palaeontology and evolution, Kemp has written three books in the Very Short Introductions series.

Oxford University Museum of Natural History
The Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) is a museum displaying many of the University of Oxford's natural history specimens, located on Parks Road in Oxford, England. It also contains a lecture theatre which is used by the university's chemistry, zoology and mathematics departments. The museum provides the only public access into the adjoining Pitt Rivers Museum.
Arthur Holbrook
Colonel Sir Arthur Richard Holbrook, KBE VD JP DL (28 April 1850 – 24 December 1946) was a British newspaper proprietor and Conservative MP for Basingstoke.

He won the seat at a by-election in 1920, lost it in 1923, was re-elected in 1924, and stood down in 1929.

He was a newspaper proprietor; founder of the Southern Daily Mail; Fellow of the Institute of Journalists; President of the Newspaper Society, 1913–14; Chairman of Portsmouth Conservative Association, 1885–98; and President of Portsmouth Chamber of Commerce, 1907–12. He commanded the Royal Army Service Corps, Salisbury Plain District, 1914–19.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
Umm al-Kilab
Umm al-Kilab (Arabic: أُم الكِلاب, also spelled Umm el-Kelab) is a Palestinian village in the southern Gaza Strip, part of the Khan Yunis Governorate. It is located south of Khan Yunis and east of Rafah, on the border with the Rafah Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Umm al-Kilab had a population of 999 in 2006. The village is currently under Israeli control.

In the 1880s Umm al-Kilab was described in the Palestine Exploration Fund's Quarterly Statement as a village that measured about 800 by 600 paces. It had an estimated elevation of 215 feet above sea level. The explorers found sandstone pottery and noted the presence of seven circular cisterns. The surrounding countryside was inhabited by Tarabin Bedouin.

The neighborhood was a frequent target of Israeli bombing during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip.

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS; Arabic: الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء الفلسطيني, romanized: al-Jihāz al-Markazī lil-Iḥṣāʼ al-Filasṭīnī) is the official statistical institution of Palestine. Its main task is to provide credible statistical figures at the national and international levels. It is a state institution that provides service to the governmental, non – governmental and private sectors in addition to research institutions and universities. It is established as an independent statistical bureau. The PCBS publishes the Statistical Yearbook of Palestine and the Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook annually.

The head office of the agency is in Ein Munjed Quarter, Ramallah.
Seven Days in Sammystown
Seven Days in Sammystown is the third studio album by American rock band Wall of Voodoo, released in 1985. This was the first Wall of Voodoo album to include Andy Prieboy on vocals and Ned Leukhardt on drums—following the departure of frontman Stan Ridgway and percussionist Joe Nanini—and also features the return of original bassist Bruce Moreland. It includes their cover version of Merle Travis' "Dark as a Dungeon". The track "Far Side of Crazy" is featured in the 1985 movie Head Office. The album reached No. 50 on the Australian charts.

Stan Ridgway
Stanard "Stan"  Ridgway (born April 5, 1954) is an American singer-songwriter, and film and television composer known for his distinctive voice, dramatic lyrical narratives, and eclectic solo albums. He was the original lead singer and a founding member of the band Wall of Voodoo.
Juvenal of Narni
Saint Juvenal (d. May 3, 369 or 377) (Italian: San Giovenale di Narni) is venerated as the first Bishop of Narni in Umbria. Historical details regarding Juvenal's life are limited. A biography of Juvenal of little historical value, written after the seventh century, states that Juvenal was born in Africa, was ordained by Pope Damasus I, was the first bishop of Narni, and was buried in the Porta Superiore on the Via Flaminia on August 7, though his feast day was celebrated on May 3.
This Vita does not call him a martyr but calls him a confessor.
The martyrologies of Florus of Lyon and Ado describe Juvenal as a bishop and confessor rather than as a martyr.

Saint Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (IV, 12) and Homiliae in Evangelium, speaks of a bishop of Narni named Juvenal, and describes him as a martyr. The title of martyr, though, was sometimes given to bishops who did not necessarily die for their faith. Gregory also mentions a sepulcher associated with Juvenal at Narni.

Tomb
A tomb (from Ancient Greek: τύμβος tumbos, meaning "mound" or "burial monument") is a repository for the remains of the dead. It may be above or below ground and can vary greatly in form, size, and cultural significance. Tombs are one of the oldest forms of funerary monuments, serving both as a means of final disposition and as expressions of religious belief, commemoration, and social status.

Placing a body in a tomb can be called entombment, distinct from simpler burial practices. Tombs often involve architectural or artistic design and can become significant cultural or religious landmarks.