hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cuthred of Kent
Cuthred (Old English: Cuþræd) was the King of Kent from 798 to 807.

After the revolt of Kent under Eadberht III Præn was defeated in 798 by Coenwulf, Cuthred was established as a client king. During Cuthred's reign, the Archbishopric of Lichfield was formally abolished at the Council of Clovesho on 12 October 803, and the Archbishopric of Canterbury thus regained the status of which Offa of Mercia had sought to deprive it. Cuthred's reign also saw the first raids on Kent by the Vikings. After his death in 807, Cœnwulf seems to have acted as King of Kent.

Cuthred died in 807, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. He issued coins and charters. His surviving charters are both dated 805, one precisely to 26 July 805, in the eighth year of his reign, so his accession fell between 27 July 797 and 26 July 798. In two charters issued by Cœnwulf, King of Mercia, he is described as brother of that king.

Client state
A client state, in the context of international relations, is an umbrella term that broadly refers to any state economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state. It typically describes a bilateral relationship that is mutually beneficial, characterized by different but shared obligations.

Variants of a client state are associated state, dominion, condominium, self-governing colony, neo-colony, protectorate, suzerain, puppet state, satellite state, vassal state and tributary state.
Lomond River (Ontario)
The Lomond River is a river in the Fort William First Nation and the Municipality of Neebing in Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is part of the Great Lakes Basin, and flows from Loch Lomond through a small intermediate lake to Lake Superior.

Thunder Bay District
Thunder Bay District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district seat is Thunder Bay.

Most of the district (93.5%) is unincorporated and part of the Unorganized Thunder Bay District.
Have You Heard Judi Singh?
Have You Heard Judi Singh? is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Baljit Sangra and released in 2025. The film is a portrait of Judi Singh, a Canadian jazz singer of mixed Black Canadian and Punjabi Canadian heritage who was a significant figure in Canadian music in the 1960s but later went on to become relatively forgotten.

The film was made with the participation of Singh's daughter, filmmaker Emily Hughes.

The film premiered on May 4, 2025, at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival.

Punjabi Canadians
Punjabi Canadians are Canadian citizens of Punjabi descent, numbering approximately 950,000 and accounting for roughly 2.6% of Canada's population, as per the 2021 Canadian census. Their heritage originates wholly or partly from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.

Punjabis first arrived in Canada during the late 19th century to work in the forestry industry. Primarily concentrated in the western province of British Columbia, the Punjabi population initially peaked in 1908 before an ensuing period of population decline and stagnation followed. In the mid 20th century Canadian immigration laws were relaxed, fostering rapid population growth into the present day.

Today, the largest Punjabi communities in Canada are situated in the province of British Columbia, concentrated in Vancouver, and the province of Ontario, particularly in Toronto.
Pargasite
Pargasite or pargasitic hornblende is a complex inosilicate mineral of the amphibole group with formula NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2.

It was first described for an occurrence in Pargas, Finland in 1814 and named for the locality.

It occurs in high temperature regional metamorphic rocks and in the skarns within contact aureoles around igneous intrusions. It also occurs in andesite volcanic rocks and altered ultramafic rocks.

Pargasite is the main water-storage site in the uppermost mantle; however, it becomes unstable at depths greater than 90 km (56 mi). This has significant consequences for the water storage capacity, and the solidus temperature of the lherzolite of the upper mantle.

It is used as a gemstone.

Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.
Things as They Are?
Things As They Are? is a short story collection by Guy Vanderhaeghe, published in 1992 by McClelland and Stewart. Like his previous short story collections, Man Descending and The Trouble With Heroes, Things As They Are? deals with themes of masculinity and small-town life in Saskatchewan.

McClelland & Stewart
McClelland & Stewart Limited is a Canadian publishing company. It is owned by Penguin Random House of Canada, a branch of Penguin Random House, the international book publishing division of German media giant Bertelsmann.
Happy Family: Conditions Apply
Happy Family: Conditions Apply is a 2023 Indian Hindi language comedy family-based television series for Amazon Prime Video. The series is directed and produced by Jamnadas Majethia and Aatish Kapadia. It stars Ratna Pathak Shah, Raj Babbar, Atul Kulkarni and Ayesha Jhulka.

At the 2023 Filmfare OTT Awards, Happy Family: Conditions Apply received 4 nominations – Best Comedy Series, Best Actress in a Comedy Series (Pathak Shah), Best Actor in a Comedy Series (Kulkarni) and Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (Das).

2023 Filmfare OTT Awards
2023 Filmfare OTT Awards, the fourth edition of awards presented to honour artistic and technical excellence in original programming on over-the-top streaming media in Hindi-language. Web original shows or films released across OTT platforms between 1 August 2022 and 31 July 2023 were eligible for Awards. Nominations were announced by Filmfare on 22 November 2023.

Jubilee led the ceremony with 17 nominations, followed by Gulmohar with 14 nominations, Rocket Boys (Season 2) with 13 nominations, and Darlings with 11 nominations.

Jubilee won 9 awards, including Best Director in a Drama Series (for Vikramaditya Motwane), thus becoming the most-awarded series at the ceremony.
Rally Estonia
Rally Estonia is a rallying event organised each year in Estonia. It is the largest and most high-profile motorsport event in the country and runs on smooth gravel roads in the south of the country, some of which are purpose-built for the rally. The city of Tartu hosts the ceremonial start and finish, with the rally headquarters and service park usually based in the Estonian National Museum in Tartu. From 2014 to 2016, Rally Estonia was a round of the FIA European Rally Championship. Rally Estonia was the official WRC Promotional Rally in 2019 and joined the World Rally Championship calendar in 2020.

Jonne Halttunen
Jonne Halttunen (born 13 December 1985) is a Finnish rally co-driver. Currently, he is the co-driver of Kalle Rovanperä, driving the Toyota GR Yaris Rally1. Previously, they represented Škoda Motorsport to participate in the World Rally Championship-2 Pro category.
Diocese of Xuân Lộc
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Xuân Lộc (Latin: Dioecesis Xuanlocensis) is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of Saigon in southern Vietnam, yet depends on the missionary Dicastery for Evangelization.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Cathedral of Christ the King (Nhà thờ Chính toà Chúa Giêsu Vua), dedicated to Christ the King, in Long Khánh, Đồng Nai, Southeastern Vietnam. The bishop, since January 16, 2021, is John Đỗ Văn Ngân.

Đồng Nai province
Đồng Nai is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). The capital of Đồng Nai Province is Trấn Biên Ward.

In June 2025, the province was merged with Bình Phước province, forming the new Đồng Nai Province with an area of 12.737,18 km2 and a population of 4,576,125 people.
Huawei MateBook
The Huawei MateBook series is a range of laptops produced by Huawei. They were originally released on the eve of the opening of the Mobile World Congress on 21 February 2016. Further models have been released in subsequent years such as in September 2019, when Huawei began offering Deepin as a preloaded operating system on selected Matebook models in China.

The Windows-powered Huawei MateBook X Pro was the top of the range model.

Deepin
deepin (Chinese: 深度操作系统; pinyin: Shēndù Cāozuò-xìtǒng; formerly known as Linux Deepin and Hiweed Linux) is a Linux distribution, formerly based on Ubuntu and Debian, that features the Deepin Desktop Environment (DDE), a desktop environment built on Qt and available for a variety of distributions. The Deepin userbase is predominantly Chinese, though DDE is in most prominent Linux distributions' repositories as an alternative desktop environment. The company behind the development, Deepin Technology, a wholly owned subsidiary of UnionTech (统信软件), is based in Wuhan, China.
Frog Woman Rock
Frog Woman Rock (Pomo: Bi-tsin’ ma-ca Ka-be) is a distinctive volcanic monolith located in Mendocino County, California, in the Russian River canyon through the California Coast Ranges.  The California Historical Landmark, adjacent to U.S. Route 101, is a popular recreational site for rock-climbing and whitewater kayaking.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Prunus arborea
Prunus arborea, most commonly known as xoan đào, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, distributed throughout East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as parts of Melanesia, spanning over many countries.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Nigerian gospel
Gospel songs are a kind of motivational Christian music that has become a major part of Nigerian music. In the 1960s the Evangelical Church of West Africa Choir was popular, and in the early 1970s Bola Aare, Ebenezer Obey and later, Panam Percy Paul, Onyeka Onwenu, Tope Alabi, and Kefee were notable. Also, in the early 1970s and 80s Arch Bishop Benson Idahosa's choir, The Christian Redeemed Voices were known for their gospel sound. Idahosa would purchase instruments for the choir.

A number of gospel artists have released notable albums such as TY Bello and Samsong among others. In 2012, el Mafrex got nominated for the 2012 MOBO Awards.

Onyeka Onwenu
Onyeka Onwenu MFR // ⓘ (31 January 1952 – 30 July 2024) was a Nigerian singer-songwriter, actress, human rights and social activist, journalist, politician, and X Factor series judge. Dubbed the "Elegant Stallion" due to her significant impact on African culture and entertainment, Onwenu was a chairperson of the Imo State Council for Arts and Culture.
In 2013, she was appointed the Executive Director/Chief Executive Officer of the National Centre for Women Development.
Thoscora acca
Thoscora acca is a moth of the Megalopygidae family. It was described by William Schaus in 1892. It is found in Guyana, Panama and Costa Rica.

The wingspan is 30 mm. The forewings are pinkish brown with a blackish median transverse line. The hindwings are roseate. The underside is roseate, with the apices of the forewings brownish. The head and thorax are brownish and the abdomen is red.

William Schaus
William Schaus (January 11, 1858, in New York City – June 20, 1942) was an American entomologist who became known for his major contribution to the knowledge and description of new species of the Neotropical Lepidoptera.
Angry Cyclist
Angry Cyclist is the eleventh studio album by Scottish folk rock duo The Proclaimers. The album was released on 10 August 2018 on the label Cooking Vinyl. The album spawned the titular single "Angry Cyclist", accompanied by a music video. Charting at No. 2 in Scotland, as well as at No. 17 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 3 on the Indie Charts, the release of Angry Cyclist was followed by a promotional tour of the United Kingdom, Canada, Iceland, Asia and Australia.

Receiving a generally favourable reception, with AllMusic praising the record an example of the band's best work, Angry Cyclist included politically-themed songs reflecting scepticism of Brexit and Donald Trump; it was described by Louder Than War as "an essential record" for those unhappy with the political landscape. The record was described as "punk in spirit" and showcased a variety of influences including country, jangle pop and soul.

Jangle pop
Jangle pop is a subgenre of pop rock and indie rock that emphasizes jangly guitars and 1960s-style pop melodies. The "jangly" guitar sound is characterized by its clean, shimmering and arpeggiated tone, often created using 12-string electric guitars. The term is usually applied to late 1970s/early 1980s bands emerging from the post-punk scene, often influenced by 1960s groups such as the Byrds. Notable acts include Big Star, R.E.M. and the Smiths.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Devils Tower National Monument
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Devils Tower National Monument.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are four properties and districts listed on the National Register in the park.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

Devils Tower
Devils Tower (also known as Matȟó Thípila or Bear Lodge) is a laccolithic butte, composed of igneous rock in the Bear Lodge Ranger District of the Black Hills, near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County, northeastern Wyoming, above the Belle Fourche River. It rises 1,267 feet (386 m) above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 ft (264 m) from summit to base. The summit is 5,112 ft (1,558 m) above sea level.

Devils Tower National Monument was the first United States national monument, established on September 24, 1906, by President Theodore Roosevelt. The monument's boundary encloses an area of 1,347 acres (545 ha).
Jesse Stone (Georgia politician)
Jesse Stone  (born March 21, 1956) is an American politician from the state of Georgia. A member of the Republican Party, Stone represented the 23rd district in the Georgia State Senate from 2011 to 2021. He is a former mayor of Waynesboro, Georgia.

Waynesboro, Georgia
Waynesboro (/ˈweɪnzbʌroʊ/) is a city and the county seat of Burke County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,472 at the 2024 census. It is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area.

Waynesboro is 37 minutes south of downtown Augusta by car via US 25. Waynesboro is known as "The Bird Dog Capital of the World". The Waynesboro Commercial Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
That Girl (Jung Yong-hwa song)
"That Girl" (Korean: 여자여자해; RR: Yeojayeojahae; lit. "Girly Girl")  is a song by South Korean musician Jung Yong-hwa of CNBLUE featuring rapper Loco. It was released on July 19, 2017, through FNC Entertainment and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. A dance-pop song, it serves as the lead single to the Jung's second mini-album Do Disturb (2017).

"That Girl" and its music video were concurrently released. Jung promoted the song on various music chart shows, and it peaked at number 77 on South Korea's national Gaon Digital Chart. The track was complimented for its music, but widely criticized for its lyrics.

CNBLUE
CNBLUE (Korean: 씨엔블루) is a South Korean pop rock band formed in 2009. The band consists of Jung Yong-hwa (leader, main vocals, guitar, keyboard, rap), Kang Min-hyuk (drums), and Lee Jung-shin (bass). First bassist Kwon Kwang-jin left the band after they released their debut Japanese extended play Now or Never in 2009, and was replaced by Lee Jung-shin. Lee Jong-hyun (guitar and vocals) left the band on August 28, 2019.

CN are initials for Code Name, while BLUE is a backronym for burning, lovely, untouchable, and emotional. It is meant to portray the images of Lee Jong-hyun as Burning, drums Kang Min-hyuk as Lovely, bass Lee Jung-shin as Untouchable, and Jung Yong Hwa's guitar and vocals and rapping, as Emotional. On January 14, 2010, CNBLUE debuted in Korea with the lead single "I'm a Loner" from their first Korean EP Bluetory.
Ternary relation
In mathematics, a ternary relation or triadic relation is a finitary relation in which the number of places in the relation is three.  Ternary relations may also be referred to as 3-adic, 3-ary, 3-dimensional, or 3-place.

Just as a binary relation is formally defined as a set of pairs, i.e. a subset of the Cartesian product A × B of some sets A and B, so a ternary relation is a set of triples, forming a subset of the Cartesian product A × B × C of three sets A, B and C.

An example of a ternary relation in elementary geometry involves triples of points. In this case, a triple (A,B,C) is in the relation if the three points are collinear—that is, they lie on the same straight line. Another geometric example of a ternary relation considers triples consisting of two points and a line. Here, a triple (A,B,ℓ) belongs to the relation if the line ℓ passes through both points A and B; in other words, if the two points determine or are incident with the line.

Cartesian product
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is an element of A and b is an element of B. In terms of set-builder notation, that is

A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns. If the Cartesian product rows × columns is taken, the cells of the table contain ordered pairs of the form (row value, column value).

One can similarly define the Cartesian product of n sets, also known as an n-fold Cartesian product, which can be represented by an n-dimensional array, where each element is an n-tuple. An ordered pair is a 2-tuple or couple. More generally still, one can define the Cartesian product of an indexed family of sets.

The Cartesian product is named after René Descartes, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to the concept, which is further generalized in terms of direct product.
Aldo Maldera
Aldo Maldera (Italian pronunciation: [ˈaldo malˈdɛːra]; 14 October 1953 – 1 August 2012) was an Italian footballer who played as a full-back or as a wide midfielder on the left flank. A left-footed player, Maldera was a modern full-back who possessed an accurate and powerful shot, which earned him the nickname "Aldo-gol", due to his prolific goalscoring ability, despite his more defensive playing role; he was a hard-working team player, who was capable of covering the flank effectively and aiding his team both offensively and defensively. Throughout his career, he was known for his pace, stamina, technique, dribbling, and crossing ability; his speed and galloping offensive runs earned him the nickname "the horse".

Dribbling
In sports, dribbling is maneuvering a ball by one player while moving in a given direction, avoiding defenders' attempts to intercept the ball. A successful dribble will bring the ball past defenders legally and create opportunities to score.
Deutsche Post v Commission
Deutsche Post v Commission is a 2011 pair of joined cases, C 463/10 P and C 475/10 P, before the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning the scope for judicial review in information injunctions in state aid cases. 
The opinion, handed down 13 October 2011, interprets Article 263 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to mean that any official act on the part of any body, office or agency of the European Union that produces binding legal effects affecting the interests of a natural or legal person is open to challenge before the Court of Justice. Overruling the General Court, the opinion thus strengthens the right to judicial review of administrative acts.

The pair of cases is part of a cluster of disputes sometimes referred to as the "Deutsche Post saga" in the academic community.

Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.
Margaret Keck
Margaret Keck (born January 12, 1949) is an American political scientist and Brazilianist, currently an Academy Professor and professor emeritus of political science at Johns Hopkins University. Keck studies the Politics of Brazil, environmental politics, international activist movements and networked advocacy.

Networked advocacy
Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy. While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.

The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology. Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.