hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pauline Spender-Clay
Pauline Spender-Clay (née Astor; 24 September 1880 – 5 April 1972) was an American-English socialite known for her hospitality; her gardening, especially the cultivation of lilies; and her portrait painted by John Singer Sargent. Like many American heiresses, her engagements were a subject of speculation before her marriage. She volunteered as a Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse in World War I and opened up her house, Ford Manor, to be used as a military hospital in both World Wars. She was a member of the Astor family.

Astor family
The Astor family achieved prominence in business, society, and politics in the United States and the United Kingdom during the 19th and 20th centuries. With German roots, some of their ancestry goes back to the Italian and Swiss Alps,
the Astors settled in Germany, first appearing in North America in the 18th century with John Jacob Astor, one of the wealthiest people in history.
Paria (beetle)
Paria is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. There are about 40 described species in Paria in North and South America, 19 of which are known north of Mexico. The genus is very similar to Typophorus.

Julius Weise
Julius Weise (6 June 1844 – 25 February 1925) was a German entomologist. He specialised in Coleoptera, especially Chrysomelidae and Coccinellidae, and was one of the first entomologists to use genitalia to identify and classify species.

His collections of Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Staphylinidae and Carabidae are in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, and his collections of Cerambycidae and Coccinellidae are in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Collections of Curculionidae and the Scolytidae are in Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt, while his collections of Chrysomelidae and the Coccinellidae can be found in the Swedish Museum of Natural History at Stockholm.
Cuenot
Cuenot or Cuénot is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bénédicte Cuenot, French combustion engineer

Gaspard Cuenot (born 1991), Swiss skier and biathlete

Lucien Cuénot (1866–1951), French biologist

Stephen Theodore Cuenot (Étienne-Théodore Cuénot Thể, 1802–1861), French Catholic missionary, bishop, and saint

Bénédicte Cuenot
Bénédicte Cuenot is a French engineer specializing in the numerical simulation of combustion and related phenomena, including turbulent flow, the flow of plasma, and heat transfer. Her software has been used to investigate the emission of pollutants and other products of combustion, non-carbon-based fuels including hydrogen, ammonia, and metal energy carriers, the start and end of combustion, and the ability of combustion chambers to stand up under use. She heads the combustion research group at the European Centre for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation (CERFACS) in Toulouse, and holds a professorship in mechanical engineering at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands.
Jhonny Haikella Hakaye
Jhonny Haikella Hakaye (born 8 March 1958 in Ondudu, Omusati Region) is a Namibian politician. A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Hakaye served as a member of the National Council for Omusati Region from 1993 to 2010, and as the regional councillor for Okalongo Constituency during the same period. He was also the Chief Whip for SWAPO in the National Council and a member of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Namibia Branch.

Chief Whip
The Chief Whip is a political leader whose task is to enforce the whipping system, which aims to ensure that legislators who are members of a political party attend and vote on legislation as the party leadership prescribes.
Lower Brandon Plantation
Lower Brandon Plantation (or simply Brandon or Brandon Plantation and initially known as Martin's Brandon) is located on the south shore of  the James River in present-day Prince George County, Virginia.

The plantation is an active farm and was tended perhaps from 1607 on, and more clearly from 1614 on, making it one of the longest-running agricultural enterprises in the United States. It has an unusual brick mansion in the style of Palladio's "Roman Country House" completed in the 1760s, and was perhaps designed by Thomas Jefferson.

The Virginia plantation was established in 1616 by Captain John Martin, one of the original leaders of the Virginia Colony at Jamestown in 1607. The plantation was owned by the Harrison family for over two centuries, from 1700–1926. Restored by Robert Williams Daniel in the early 20th century, it is a National Historical Landmark.

Andrea Palladio
Andrea Palladio (/pəˈlɑːdioʊ/ pə-LAH-dee-oh; Italian: [anˈdrɛːa palˈlaːdjo]; Venetian: Andrea Paładio; 30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of the most influential individuals in the history of architecture. While he designed churches and palaces, he was best known for country houses and villas. His teachings, summarized in the architectural treatise, The Four Books of Architecture, gained him wide recognition.

The city of Vicenza, with its 23 buildings designed by Palladio, and his 24 villas in the Veneto are listed by UNESCO as part of a World Heritage Site named City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto. The churches of Palladio are to be found within the "Venice and its Lagoon" UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Battle of Gawok
The Battle of Gawok took place on 15 October 1826 during the Java War between rebels under Prince Diponegoro and the Dutch colonial army. The battle took place near the village of Gawok, west of the city of Surakarta. Diponegoro's army, which had previously defeated Dutch columns on its march from Yogyakarta, intended to attack the Dutch military headquarters at Surakarta. The rebels were soundly defeated, which lost them their numerical superiority and therefore turned the tide of the war. After the battle, the rebels shifted to a guerrilla warfare strategy.

Diponegoro
Prince Diponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, romanized: Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawirya, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 January 1855), also known as Dipanegara and Dipa Negara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule. The eldest son of the Yogyakarta Sultan Hamengkubuwono III, he played an important role in the Java War between 1825 and 1830. After his defeat and capture, he was exiled to Makassar, where he died at 69 years old.

His five-year struggle against the Dutch control of Java has become celebrated by Indonesians throughout the years, acting as a source of inspiration for the fighters in the Indonesian National Revolution and nationalism in modern-day Indonesia among others. He is a national hero in Indonesia.
Lost in the Middle of Nowhere
"Lost in the Middle of Nowhere" is a song by American country music singer Kane Brown featuring American singer Becky G. It appears as the 13 track on Brown's second studio album Experiment. The song was written by Kane Brown, Jesse Frasure, Jon Nite and Lauren Alaina, and produced by Dann Huff.

A Spanish version of the song was released as a single on March 29, 2019, alongside its music video.

Jesse Frasure
Jesse Vernon Frasure (born September 18, 1981), also known as DJ Telemitry, is an American music publisher, record producer, songwriter, and DJ. He has written 22 number one songs and has cuts with various artists including Chris Stapleton, Marshmello, Miranda Lambert, Kacey Musgraves, Thomas Rhett, Leon Bridges, Kane Brown, Jelly Roll, Blake Shelton, Cole Swindell, Meghan Trainor, Florida Georgia Line and more.

Frasure won BMI's Country Songwriter Of The Year Award in 2018 and 2021. He has been Grammy nominated twice and was nominated as ACM's Songwriter Of The Year in 2022. He has also received six consecutive CMA Triple Play Awards for having written three number one radio songs in a 12-month period.
Pavol Hric
Pavol Hric (born 1976) is a retired Slovak slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1994 to 2004, specializing initially in the K1 discipline and since 2001 in C2, where he was partnered by Roman Vajs. He competed in K1 internationally until 1998.

Hric won a gold medal in the C2 team event at the 2002 European Championships in Bratislava. He is also the junior world champion in the K1 event, a title he won in Wausau in 1994.

He has one World Cup victory, which he achieved in C2 with Vajs in 2002 in Tacen.

Wausau, Wisconsin
Wausau (/ˈwɔːsɔː/ ⓘ WAW-saw) is a city in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located along the Wisconsin River in central Wisconsin and had a population of 39,994 at the 2020 census. The Wausau metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Marathon County, had a population of 138,013.

The Wausau area was inhabited by various indigenous peoples, including the Ojibwe. It was settled by European immigrants in the mid-19th century and developed as a lumbering center due to its access to pine forests and river transport. Cultural and recreational attractions in Wausau include the Grand Theater, Granite Peak Ski Area, Rib Mountain State Park, Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, and the Wisconsin River.
Darcy v Allein
Edward Darcy Esquire v Thomas Allin of London Haberdasher (1602) 74 ER 1131 (also spelt as "Allain" or "Allen" and "Allein" but most widely known as the Case of Monopolies), was an early landmark case in English law, establishing that the grant of exclusive rights to produce any article was improper (monopoly). The reasoning behind the outcome of the case, which was decided at a time before courts regularly issued written opinions, was reported by Sir Edward Coke.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Reaktor (company)
Reaktor is a technology company, specialised in design, development and strategy of digital services and products.

Founded in Finland in 2000, Reaktor has offices in New York, Amsterdam, Helsinki, Stockholm, and Tokyo. Reaktor employs 700 people. In 2023, its revenue amounted to 120 million euros, approximately $130M. Reaktor Group's CEO is Pekka Horo.

Reaktor builds digital products for clients including Finnair, Finavia, HBO, Adidas, Nasdaq, and Varian Medical Systems. Its work has been awarded and recognized by the Red Dot awards, Webby Awards, Emmy Awards, and German Design Council, among others.

In 2019, Reaktor was named as one of the World's Most Innovative Companies by the American business journal Fast Company.

Reaktor is known from being the creator of Elements of AI massive open online course (MOOC) with the University of Helsinki. The online course about artificial intelligence has been taken to over half a million participants worldwide.

Finnair
Finnair Plc (Finnish: Finnair Oyj, Swedish: Finnair Abp) is the flag carrier and largest full-service legacy airline of Finland, with headquarters in Vantaa on the grounds of Helsinki Airport, its hub. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both domestic and international air travel in Finland. Its major shareholder is the government of Finland, which owns 55.9% of its shares. Finnair is a member of the Oneworld airline alliance.

Founded in 1923, Finnair is one of the oldest airlines in continuous operation and is consistently listed as one of the safest in the world. The company's slogans are Designed for you and The Nordic Way.
Abraham Sojo
Abraham Sojo (born 21 June 1955) is a Venezuelan former tennis player.

Born in Barlovento, Sojo represented Venezuela in four Davis Cup ties and was a singles bronze medalist at the 1978 Central American and Caribbean Games in Medellín.

Sojo now coaches tennis and was briefly captain of Venezuela's Davis Cup team in 1992.

Venezuela Davis Cup team
The Venezuela national tennis team represents Venezuela in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Venezuelan Tennis Federation, known in Spanish as Federación Venezolana de Tenis .

Venezuela currently compete in the Americas Zone Group I.  They have never competed in the World Group, but reached the Play-offs in 1995 and 2002.
Americhem
Americhem, Inc. established in 1941 in Ohio, Americhem Inc. is a global manufacturer of masterbatches, specializing in custom color and additive solutions. The company's headquarters are located in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, with additional manufacturing sites across North America, Europe and Asia.

Americhem produces various masterbatch types, including single pigment dispersions, color and additive concentrates, and custom compounds.

Infinity LTL Engineered Compounds, a sister company of Americhem Inc., manufactures custom-compounded engineered thermoplastics. Their facilities are situated in Swedesboro, New Jersey, and Morrisville, Pennsylvania.

In 2016, Americhem Inc. expanded its product portfolio through the acquisition of Vi-Chem, a company specializing in the production of PVC and elastomeric compounds.

Dalton, Georgia
Dalton is a city and the county seat of Whitfield County, Georgia, United States. It is also the principal city of the Dalton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Murray and Whitfield counties.

As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 34,417 people; the city's metro area was 124,837. Dalton is located just off Interstate 75 in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in northwest Georgia and is the second-largest city in northwest Georgia, after Rome.

Dalton is home to many of the nation's floor-covering manufacturers, primarily those producing carpet, rugs, and vinyl flooring. It is home to the Dalton Convention Center, which showcases the Georgia Athletic Coaches' Hall of Fame and hosts a variety of events.
Yitzhak Gil-Ad
Yitzhak Gil-Ad (Hebrew: יצחק גיל-עד; born Yitzhak Galitzki; born 1943) is a former Israeli Paralympic competitor.

Gil-Ad was born in Tel Aviv and contracted polio at a young age.

He competed in the Summer Paralympics four times and took part in table tennis, discus throw and wheelchair basketball tournaments.

Gil-Ad won two individual medals, in discus throw tournaments of para athletics: gold in the 1968 Summer Paralympics and bronze in the 1976 Summer Paralympics. He also participated in shot put tournaments at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Games, in javelin at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Games and in club throw at the 1968 Summer Games.

He won three additional Paralympic medals in team competitions: a gold medal in table tennis alongside Baruch Hagai in doubles tournament at the 1964 Summer Games and gold and bronze medals as a member of the men's wheelchair basketball team, in the 1964 and 1968 Summer Games.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Dynamotive Energy Systems
Dynamotive Energy Systems Corporation is a Canadian based Renewable Energy Company which specializes in fast pyrolysis, a process which creates a product named bio-oil.  Its only other residue is char.

Magellan Aerospace
Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the product areas of aeroengines, aerostructures, rockets and space, and specialty products.  Its corporate offices in Mississauga, Ontario, Magellan operates in facilities throughout Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

Magellan is a component supplier for the Airbus A380, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, and Bombardier's complete line of business and commuter aircraft.  Magellan also supplies gas turbine components for airplanes, helicopters, and military vehicles such as the M1 Abrams.
1989–90 Duleep Trophy
The 1989–90 Duleep Trophy was the 29th season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

South Zone won the title, defeating Central Zone in the final.

South Zone cricket team
The South Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents southern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from southern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. South Zone has the third strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 12 times and also shared the winner's trophy twice, with the best team, West Zone having won 18 times plus shared the trophy two times more.
State v. Warshow
State v. Warshow, Supreme Court of Vermont, 410 A.2d 1000 (1980), is a criminal case  that set forth conditions for a defense of necessity in civil disobedience during political protests. Four requirements were described that apply to other necessity defenses.

The court wrote:

There must be a situation of emergency arising without fault on the part of the actor concerned;
this emergency must be so imminent and compelling as to raise a reasonable expectation of harm, either directly to the actor or upon those he was protecting;
this emergency must present no reasonable opportunity to avoid the injury without doing the criminal act;
the injury impending from the emergency must be of sufficient seriousness to outmeasure the criminal wrong.

Necessity (tort)
In tort common law, the defense of necessity gives the state or an individual a privilege to take or use the property of another. A defendant typically invokes the defense of necessity only against the intentional torts of trespass to chattels, trespass to land, or conversion. The Latin phrase from common law is necessitas inducit privilegium quod jura privata ("Necessity induces a privilege because of a private right").  A court will grant this privilege to a trespasser when the risk of harm to an individual or society is apparently and reasonably greater than the harm to the property.  Unlike the privilege of self-defense, those who are harmed by individuals invoking the necessity privilege are usually free from any wrongdoing.  Generally, an individual invoking this privilege is obligated to pay any actual damages caused in the use of the property but not punitive or nominal damages.
Ramacca
Ramacca (Italian pronunciation: [raˈmakka]) is a comune (municipality) in a mountainous area in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region of Sicily, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Catania. It lies west of the Plain of Catania. Ramacca borders the following municipalities: Agira, Aidone, Assoro, Belpasso, Castel di Judica, Lentini, Mineo, Palagonia, Paternò, Raddusa.

Its name derives from the Arabic Rahal Mohac, which means Hamlet of Mohac.

Ramacca is home to the Sagra del Carciofo, an artichoke festival held every April. The city's economy is largely based on the cultivation of artichokes.

Aidone
Aidone (Gallo-Italic of Sicily: Aidungh or Dadungh; Sicilian: Aiduni) is a town and comune in the province of Enna, in region of Sicily in southern Italy. The  extensive archaeological site of Morgantina is on a ridge close to the town.

There are a variety of etymologies proposed for the name of the town. One suggests putatively derives from the Arabic Ay dun meaning mountain of water.
Osaka Express
Osaka Express (built in 2007) is a container ship operated by the shipping company Hapag-Lloyd. This vessel has a capacity of 8749 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) and 103,800 tonnes deadweight (DWT).  It can achieve a speed of 25 kn. It belongs to the Colombo Express class of ships.

Deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
2003 Tokachi earthquake
The 2003 Tokachi earthquake, known in Japanese as the 2003 Tokachi-Oki earthquake (平成15年十勝沖地震, Heisei jūgo-nen Tokachi-Oki jishin), occurred off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan on 26 September at 04:50 local time (19:50 UTC 25 September). At a focal depth of 27 km (17 mi), this great undersea earthquake measured 8.3 on the moment magnitude scale, making it the most powerful earthquake of 2003, as well as one of the most intense earthquakes to hit Japan since modern record-keeping began in 1900.

The Hokkaido earthquake caused extensive damage, damaging roads all around Hokkaidō, and triggered power outages and extensive landslides. Over 800 people were injured. The earthquake also caused a tsunami reaching 4.4 metres (14 ft) in height.

North American plate
The North American plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of 76 million km2 (29 million sq mi), it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacific plate (which borders the plate to the west).

It extends eastward to the seismically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores triple junction plate boundary where it meets the Eurasian plate and Nubian plate.
and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. Much of North America west of the Rocky Mountains is composed of such terranes.
USS Taurus
USS Taurus is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy, after the constellation Taurus:

USS Taurus (AF-25), originally SS San Benito, was a cargo ship which was acquired and commissioned by the Navy in 1942. She was struck in 1946.

USNS Taurus (T-AK-273) was laid down as Fort Snelling (LSD-23) in 1944. The unchristened hull changed hands twice before being completed in 1956 as the roll-on/roll-off ship SS Carib Queen. In 1958 the Maritime Administration took over the vessel. She was assigned to MSTS in 1959, and renamed Taurus. Never commissioned, Taurus went out of service in 1968. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register in 1971.

USS Taurus (PHM-3) was a hydrofoil-type ship launched in 1981 and struck in 1993.

Hydrofoil
A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. It is similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by airplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a craft gains speed, the hydrofoils lift the boat's hull out of the water, decreasing drag and allowing greater speeds.