hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mushroom dye
Mushrooms can be used to create color dyes via color-extraction with a solvent (often ammonia) as well as particulation of raw material. The shingled hedgehog mushroom and related species contain blue-green pigments, which are used for dyeing wool in Norway. The fruiting body of Hydnellum peckii can be used to produce a beige color when no mordant is used, and shades of blue or green depending on the mordant added. Phaeolus schweinitzii produces green, yellow, gold, or brown colors, depending on the material dyed and the mordant used.

Mordant
A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set (i.e., bind) dyes on fabrics. It does this by forming a coordination complex with the dye, which then attaches to the fabric (or tissue). It may be used for dyeing fabrics or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations. Although mordants are still used, especially by small batch dyers, they have been largely displaced in industry by substantive dyes.

The term mordant comes from the Latin mordere, "to bite". In the past, it was thought that a mordant helped the dye "bite" onto the fiber so that it would hold fast during washing. A mordant is often a polyvalent metal ion, and one example is chromium (III). The resulting coordination complex of dye and ion is colloidal and can be either acidic or alkaline.
Pepper jelly
Pepper jelly is a preserve made with peppers, sugar, and salt in a pectin or vinegar base. The product, which rose in popularity in the United States from the 1980s to mid-1990s, can be described as a piquant mix of sweetness and heat, and is used for meats and as an ingredient in various food preparations. It can be put in sandwiches, or served on cream cheese for a cracker spread or used to make a pepper jelly cheesecake.

Fruit preserves
Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread.

There are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by the method of preparation, type of fruit used, and its place in a meal. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "vegetable fruits" such as tomato, squash or zucchini, are eaten alongside savory foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries.
Kathleen Smet
Kathleen Smet (born 19 January 1970, in Beveren) is a Belgian former triathlete, becoming European champion in 2000 and 2002. She competed in Olympic and Long Distance Triathlons.

Smet competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics.  She took sixteenth place with a total time of 2:04:05.98. Four years later, Smet again raced in the triathlon.  This time, she placed fourth with a total time of 2:05:39.89.

In 2005, Smet won the gold medal at the World Championships and retired from the sport. She ended her career by receiving the "Flemish Sportswoman of the Year" trophy during a ceremony at the Kaaitheater in Brussels, in recognition of her career and her final title. She worked for several years as a sports coordinator within the Belgian Triathlon League before resigning due to relational issues with the management and becoming a swimming instructor at the University of Leuven.

World Triathlon Long Distance Championships
The World Triathlon Long Distance Championships is a triathlon race held annually since 1994. The championships involve a continuous swim-cycle-run, over distances varying between that of an Olympic-distance and an Iron-distance triathlon race. The championships are organised by World Triathlon.
Osiris (software)
Osiris Serverless Portal System (usually abbreviated as Osiris sps or Osiris) is a freeware program used to create web portals distributed via peer-to-peer networking (P2P) and autonomous from centralized servers. It is available for Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems.

Unlike common tools used to publish information on the Internet, such as content management systems, Internet forums or blogs based on a centralized system, the data of an Osiris portal are shared (via P2P) between all its participants. Because all the contents necessary for navigation are replicated on every computer, the portal can be used without a central server. Thus, the portal is always accessible because it is immune to denial of service attacks, Internet service provider limitations (such as traffic shaping and censorship) and hardware failure. In this way, a web portal can be operated at very low costs and free from external control.

Freeware
Freeware is software, often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines freeware unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the freeware it offers. For instance, modification, redistribution by third parties, and reverse engineering are permitted by some publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike with free and open-source software, which are also often distributed free of charge, the source code for freeware is typically not made available. Freeware may be intended to benefit its producer by, for example, encouraging sales of a more capable version, as in the freemium and shareware business models; or by collecting and selling user's personal data.
Outbound Travel Alert System
Outbound Travel Alert System (OTA System) is a travel advice system for residents of Hong Kong who are travelling overseas. Based on risk assessments by the Security Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, it advises travellers from Hong Kong of the potential risk to personal safety in other countries or regions in the current environment.

Travel warning
A travel warning, travel alert, or travel advisory is an official warning statement issued by government agencies to provide information about the relative safety of travelling to or visiting one or more specific foreign countries or destinations. The purpose is to enable travelers to make an informed decision about a particular travel destination, and to help travellers prepare adequately for what may be encountered on their trip. In the United States, travel warnings are issued by the Department of State and are often called warden messages.

Travel advisories may relate to issues such as inclement weather, security matters, civil unrest or disease.
Fort Meade, Maryland
Fort Meade is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The population was 9,324 at the 2020 census. It is the home to the National Security Agency, Central Security Service, United States Cyber Command and the Defense Information Systems Agency, which are located on the U.S. Army post Fort George G. Meade.

Columbia, Maryland
Columbia is a planned community in Howard County, Maryland, United States, consisting of 10 self-contained villages. With a population of 104,681 at the 2020 census, it is the second-most-populous community in Maryland, after Baltimore. Columbia, located between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and is tracked by the United States Census Bureau as a census-designated place. Columbia proper consists only of territory governed by the Columbia Association, a not-for-profit management company. The United States Postal Service also uses the name for other communities that predate Columbia, including Simpsonville and Atholton; the Census Bureau also counts part of Clarksville as Columbia.

Developer James Rouse founded Columbia in 1967, aiming to create a community that would avoid the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design; eliminate racial, religious and class segregation; and reduce leapfrog and spot zoning development.
Rory Glaves
Rory Glaves (born January 13, 1982, in Niagara Falls, Ontario) is a former Canadian professional lacrosse player. Glaves played for the Anaheim Storm, Edmonton Rush and the Rochester Knighthawks of the National Lacrosse League from 2005 to 2013. Glaves also played two years of college lacrosse for the University of Hartford. Glaves has won two Minto Cup championships with the St. Catharines Athletics (2001, 2003) and one Mann Cup championship with the Victoria Shamrocks (2005).

University of Hartford
The University of Hartford (UHart) is a private university in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Its 350-acre (1.4 km2) main campus extends into neighboring Hartford and Bloomfield. It enrolled approximately 6,000 undergraduate and graduate students as of fall 2024. The university is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.
Lefter Küçükandonyadis
Lefter Küçükandonyadis (Greek: Λευτέρης Αντωνιάδης, Lefteris Antoniadis; 22 December 1924 – 13 January 2012) was a Turkish professional footballer of Greek descent, who played as a forward. He is often recognized as one of the greatest strikers to play for Fenerbahçe and Turkey. Having won several regional and national championship titles with Fenerbahçe and becoming Turkish top scorer twice in his career, he left an imprint on the history of the club. Lefter is one of a few players whose names are included in the Fenerbahçe Anthem. He was also known as "Ordinaryüs" (professor of professors) in Turkey.

Turkish National Division
The National Division or National League (Turkish: Millî Küme) was a top-level football competition organised by the Turkish Football Federation, including the most successful teams from Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir in Turkey. It was the first national league in Turkish football history. The league was played from 1937 to 1950.

The top four clubs from Istanbul and the top two clubs from the Ankara and İzmir regional leagues made up the league roster, since the leagues of these three major cities were the strongest in those decades. The matches in Ankara were played at 19 Mayıs Stadium, the matches in İzmir at Alsancak Stadium, and the matches in Istanbul at Taksim Stadium. The league was the most important and popular football competition in its era.

Fenerbahçe are the most successful club, having won six titles.
Próchna
Próchna [ˈpruxna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wróblew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Wróblew, 12 km (7 mi) west of Sieradz, and 65 km (40 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
Netherlands men's national ice hockey team
The Netherlands men's national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey of the Netherlands.

The Netherlands are currently ranked 24th in the IIHF World Ranking and compete in IIHF World Championship Division II.

1981 Ice Hockey World Championships
The 1981 Ice Hockey World Championships took place in Sweden between 12 and 26 April 1981, with games being played in the arenas of Scandinavium in Gothenburg and Johanneshovs isstadion in Stockholm. Eight teams took part, first splitting into two groups of four, with the best two from each group advancing to the final group. These teams then play each other in the final round. This was the 47th World Championships, and also the 58th European Championships. The Soviet Union became World Champions for the 17th time, and also won their 20th European title. Don Cherry commented, "This is the best Russian team I've ever seen."

The Dutch team had won Group C and Group B in successive years to play in this tournament, but did not fare well.  Their best game was a narrow one goal loss to the Americans, a goal scored on a penalty shot by Dave Christian with eleven seconds left. It was their first appearance at the top level since 1950 and they have not returned since.
Predispositioning theory
Predispositioning theory, in the field of decision theory and systems theory, is a theory focusing on the stages between a complete order and a complete disorder.

Predispositioning theory was founded by Aron Katsenelinboigen (1927–2005), a professor in the Wharton School who dealt with indeterministic systems such as chess, business, economics, and other fields of knowledge and also made an essential step forward in elaboration of styles and methods of decision-making.

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
São Mateus (São Paulo Metro)
São Mateus is a monorail station of the São Paulo Metro in Brazil. It belongs to Line 15-Silver, which is currently in expansion, and should go to Cidade Tiradentes, connecting with Line 2-Green in Vila Prudente. It is located in Avenida Sapopemba, 13542.

It was first scheduled, according to the Expansion Plan of the Government of the State of São Paulo, to be opened in the first semester of 2020. Later, it was officially opened on 16 December 2019 along with stations Sapopemba and Fazenda da Juta.

Line 2 (São Paulo Metro)
Line 2 (Green) (Portuguese: Linha 2–Verde) is one of the six lines that make up the São Paulo Metro, and one of the thirteen lines that make up the Metropolitan Rail Transportation Network. It currently runs between the Vila Madalena and Vila Prudente stations. The line is also called, and was originally known as, the Paulista Line, because it goes along much of the Avenida Paulista, one of the leading financial centers in São Paulo. Despite being the second line to be planned, it was the third to be built—the second line built was actually Line 3 (Red). This line connects the West and South-East regions.
Michele Pagano (biochemist)
Michele Pagano is an Italian-American biochemist and cancer biologist best known for his work on cell cycle control and the ubiquitin-proteasome system.  He is currently the chairman of the  Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and the Ellen and Gerald Ritter Professor of Oncology at the New York University School of Medicine.  He is also an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His laboratory has played a central role in elucidating the role of a family of enzymes, the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), in mediating the proteolysis of key cellular regulators. In particular, his work has uncovered the molecular mechanisms by which CRLs control cell cycle progression, signal transduction pathways, and the DNA damage response. His work has also elucidated how the dysregulation of CRLs contributes to malignant transformation and metastasis, uncovering new therapeutic strategies.

Malignant transformation
Malignant transformation is the process by which cells acquire the properties of cancer. This may occur as a primary process in normal tissue, or secondarily as malignant degeneration of a previously existing benign tumor.
Dadri mela
Dadri mela is an annual festival celebrated in Dadri, Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. It is believed to have been started 5000 years ago and is currently organized by the Balia Municipal Corporation. The mela is associated with Hindu rishi Bhrigu and is named after his student rishi Dadar. it is believed to be started after the joining of Sarju and Ganga by rishi Dadar. The mela is held for one month in two phases, first phase is 10 days before Kartika Purnima and is the Second Largest Market for cattle and animal trade. The second phase is started on Kartika Purnima with evening Maha aarti.

Kartika Purnima
Kartika Purnima (Sanskrit: कार्त्तिकपूर्णिमा, romanized: Kārttikapūrṇimā), also known as Kartika Pournami, is a Hindu, Sikh, and Jain cultural festival that is celebrated on purnima (full moon day), the 15th day of the lunar month Kartika. It falls in November or December of the Gregorian calendar and is also known as Tripurari Purnima or Deva-Deepavali, the gods festival of lights. Karthika Deepam is a related festival that is celebrated in South India and Sri Lanka on a different date. It follows Diwali by about 15 days.
Ebulliometer
In physics, an ebulliometer (from Latin  ēbullīre 'to boil') is an instrument designed to accurately measure the boiling point of liquids by measuring the temperature of the vapor–liquid equilibrium either isobarically (at constant pressure) or isothermally (at constant temperature).

The primary components in a Świętosławski ebulliometer, which operates isobarically, are the boiler, the Cottrell pumps, the thermowell, and the condenser. Such an ebulliometer can be used for extremely accurate measurements of boiling temperature, molecular weights, mutual solubilities, and solvent purities by using a resistance thermometer (RTD) to measure the near-equilibrium conditions of the thermowell.

The ebulliometer is frequently used for measuring the alcohol content of dry wines. See also Sweetness of wine and Oechsle scale.

Resistance thermometer
Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), are sensors that use the electrical resistance of a substance (such as platinum) to measure temperature. Many RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire wrapped around a heat-resistant ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also used. The RTD wire is typically platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), or copper (Cu). The material has an accurate temperature–resistance relationship which is used to provide an indication of temperature. As RTD elements are fragile, they are often housed in protective probes called thermowells. RTDs have higher accuracy and repeatability than thermocouples, which is why they are slowly replacing them in industrial applications below 600 °C.
Lokomo
Oy Lokomo Ab was a Finnish manufacturer of railroad equipment and steam locomotives, situated in Tampere, Finland. The company was founded in 1915 by a group of Finnish businesspeople, including Jalmar Castrén and Emil Aaltonen. The Lokomo factories in Tampere produced the MIR submersibles for the Soviet Academy of Sciences. They later merged into the Metso Corporation. Jaakko Syrjä was a worker for the company.

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Elizabeth Honey
Elizabeth Madden Honey (born 7 February 1947) is an Australian children's author, illustrator and poet, best known for her picture books and middle-grade novels. Her books have been published internationally. She lives in 
Richmond, Melbourne.

In 1997, she won the Children's Book of the Year Award: Picture Book for Not a Nibble. She also received the Prize Cento and the Young Australians Best Book Award (YABBA) for 45 & 47 Stella Street and everything that Happened. In 2001, she was the recipient of the Australian Wilderness Society Environment Award for Children's Literature.

South Australian Literary Awards
The South Australian Literary Awards, until 2024 known as the Adelaide Festival Awards for Literature, comprise a group of biennially-granted literary awards established in 1986 by the Government of South Australia. Formerly announced during Adelaide Writers' Week in March, as part of the Adelaide Festival, from 2024 the awards are announced in a dedicated ceremony in October. The awards include national as well as state-based prizes, and offer three fellowships for South Australian writers. Several categories have been added to the original four.
Technicbeat
Technic Beat (テクニクビート, Tekuniku Bīto) is an arcade music video game developed by Arika. It is a sequel to the PlayStation 2 game Technictix. The PlayStation 2 version of Technic Beat was published in North America by Mastiff. It was released in Japan in 2002 and the United States in 2004. In this game, players select a song from a preset list and then "play" their chosen song using their on-screen character.

Mastiff (company)
Mastiff LLC is an American video game publisher. Founded in 2002 with headquarters in San Francisco and Tokyo, the company has released titles in virtually every genre – including action, adventure, RPG, FPS, party, horror, and music. The executive staff includes Bill Swartz, Mika Hayashi, and Brian Bezdek.
Utsusivik Island
Utsusivik Island is an uninhabited Baffin Island offshore island located in the Arctic Archipelago in Nunavut's Qikiqtaaluk Region. It lies in Cumberland Sound, across the mouth of Chidliak Bay, approximately 14.4 km (8.9 mi) southeast of Robert Peel Inlet. Nimigen Island lies to its west.

Robert Peel Inlet
Robert Peel Inlet 65°09′N 066°56′W﻿ / ﻿65.150°N 66.933°W﻿ / 65.150; -66.933﻿ (Robert Peel Inlet) is a body of water in Nunavut's Qikiqtaaluk Region. It lies in western Cumberland Sound, forming a wedge into Baffin Island's Hall Peninsula. There are many irregularly shaped islands at the mouth of the inlet.
Koksengirsor
Koksengirsor (Kazakh: Көксеңгірсор; Russian: Коксенгирсор) is a salt lake in the Ualikhanov District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake lies 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) to the WNW of Zolotaya Niva village. The border with Akmola Region runs close to the southern end of the lake. Koksengirsor has local economic importance.

North Kazakhstan Region
North Kazakhstan Region is a region of Kazakhstan with a population of 522,171. Its capital is Petropavl, with a population of 221,907 people. It is the only region of Kazakhstan in which ethnic Kazakhs don't make up a majority.
Mongiuffi Melia
Mongiuffi Melia (Sicilian: Mungiuffi) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Messina.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.