hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albert Wheeler Todd
Albert Wheeler Todd (April 20, 1856 – December 30, 1924) was an architect in Charleston, South Carolina. He is known for his neoclassical architecture (Colonial Revival architecture), the design on his own home and of a home for Tristram Hyde. Todd was the senior partner at the firm of Todd & Benson which became Todd, Simons & Todd. Joseph F. Leitner worked with him. Todd also served in the legislature from 1910 until 1924 and was a State Senator.

Todd was born in Anderson, South Carolina. He practiced in Augusta, Georgia before relocating to Charleston in 1899.

Todd's firm Todd & Benson is credited with designing Academy of Our Lady of Mercy. He is credited with the remodel of a row of older buildings into the Commercial Club building (later converted into the Timrod Inn), and (with Albert Simmons) design of the Thompson Memorial Infirmary (later Riverside Hospital).

Todd died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 30, 1924. Todd had at least six grandchildren.

Anderson, South Carolina
Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 28,106 at the 2020 census, making it the 16th-most populous city in South Carolina. It is one of the principal cities in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 975,480 in 2023. It is included in the larger Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 1,590,636 in 2023.

It is just off Interstate 85 and is 120 miles (190 km) from Atlanta and 140 miles (230 km) from Charlotte. Anderson is the smallest of the three primary cities that make up the Upstate region, and is nicknamed the "Electric City" and the "Friendliest City in South Carolina". A 38-foot tall Confederate Memorial currently resides prominently in the center of downtown Anderson.
Adaptive management
Adaptive management, also known as adaptive resource management or adaptive environmental assessment and management, is a structured, iterative process of robust decision making in the face of uncertainty, with an aim to reducing uncertainty over time via system monitoring. In this way, decision making simultaneously meets one or more resource management objectives and, either passively or actively, accrues information needed to improve future management. Adaptive management is a tool which should be used not only to change a system, but also to learn about the system. Because adaptive management is based on a learning process, it improves long-run management outcomes. The challenge in using the adaptive management approach lies in finding the correct balance between gaining knowledge to improve management in the future and achieving the best short-term outcome based on current knowledge. This approach has more recently been employed in implementing international development programs.

System monitor
A system monitor is a hardware or software component used to monitor system resources and performance in a computer system.
Among the management issues regarding use of system monitoring tools are resource usage and privacy. Monitoring can track both input and output values and events of systems.
David Duke Jr.
David Duke Jr. (born October 13, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Perth Wildcats of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). He previously played for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and with the Austin Spurs of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Providence Friars.

Varsity team
A varsity team is the highest-level team in a sport or activity representing an educational institution. Varsity teams train to compete against each other during an athletic season or in periodic matches against rival institutions. At high schools in the United States, a varsity team is one step above a school's junior varsity (JV) team, which is composed of less experienced players.

The term varsity originated in Britain in the 1840s and means university; varsity team referring to the principal team that would represent the university in matches against another university. In contrast, student-run college teams within a university typically compete against each other in intramural events and, in the U.S., club sports.
2003 NCAA Rifle Championships
The 2003 NCAA Rifle Championships were contested at the 24th annual NCAA-sanctioned competition to determine the team and individual national champions of co-ed collegiate rifle shooting in the United States. This year's championships were held at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York.

Four-time defending champions Alaska once again topped the team standings, finishing 90 points (6,287–6,197) ahead of Xavier. This was the Nanooks' fifth consecutive and sixth overall team title.

Matthew Emmons (Alaska) once again repeated as the individual national champion for the smallbore rifle (his third consecutive in air rifle and fourth individual title overall, all since 2001). Emmons remains the only collegiate shooter with four NCAA individual titles. The air rifle title was claimed by Jamie Beyerle (Alaska).

Matthew Emmons
Matthew D. Emmons (born April 5, 1981) is an American rifle shooter. He competed in various events at the 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympics and won a gold, a silver, and a bronze medal.

Since 2020 he has been the shooting coach of the Czech biathlon team.
Allium membranaceum
Allium membranaceum is an uncommon species of wild onion known by the common name papery onion. It is endemic to California, where it grows in wooded areas in the southernmost Cascade Range, the northern Coast Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada foothills from Tulare County to Humboldt County. It is found on wooded slopes at elevations of 200–1400 m.

Allium membranaceum grows from an egg-shaped bulb up to 1.7 cm long which is sometimes associated with a cluster of smaller bulbs. The stem reaches a maximum height near 40 centimeters and there are two or three long, flat leaves about the same length. The inflorescence contains up to 35 flowers with white or pale pink tepals which become papery as they age. Anthers and pollen are yellow.

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Traiguera
Traiguera is a town and municipality in the Baix Maestrat comarca, province of Castelló, Valencian Community, Spain. It is part of the Taula del Sénia free association of municipalities.

The town is located in a central position in the comarca, north of the Muntanyes de Cervera. The Serra de Sant Pere mountain range rises on the western side of Traiguera. This town was mentioned as part of Ilercavonia by Ptolemy.

Besides Mediterranean agriculture, mainly almonds, olives and oranges, the town has a traditional ceramic industry, much affected now by the current crisis. The name of the place 'Traiguera' comes from Aegilops geniculata, a coarse cereal that was cultivated until the Middle Ages.

One of the main tourist attractions is the Santuari de la Font de la Salut, located among mountains 2 km south of the town.

Ilercavonia
Ilercavonia (Catalan: Ilercavònia, Spanish: Ilercavonia) is an ancient comarca of Spain formerly populated by the ancient Iberian tribe known as Ilercavones. It is a greater comarca made up of smaller ones. The ties between the people of the region transcend ancient kingdom and later provincial borders.
São Raimundo Nonato
São Raimundo Nonato is a city located in the southern region of the state of the Piauí, Brazil, and is 576 km away from the capital, Teresina. It is known as the city where the administration (and part of) the Serra da Capivara National Park is located.

The city is served by Niède Guidon–Serra da Capivara Airport.

The municipality is in the Capivara-Confusões Ecological Corridor, created in 2006 to link the Serra da Capivara National Park to the Serra das Confusões National Park.

Piauí
Piauí (/pjaʊˈiː/, pyow-EE; pronounced [pi.aˈwi] or [pjaˈwi] ⓘ) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the country's Northeast Region. The state has 1.6% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.7% of the Brazilian GDP.

Piauí has the shortest coastline of any coastal Brazilian state at 66 km (41 mi), and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the northeast to be located inland. The reason for this is, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí was first colonised inland and slowly expanded towards the ocean, rather than the other way around. In the southeast of the state, the National Park of Serra da Capivara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park has more than 400 archaeological sites and the largest concentration of rock paintings in the world, in a landscape dominated by canyons and caatinga.
Marjan Smit
Marjan Smit (born September 29, 1975, in Breda) is a Dutch softball player, who represented the Dutch national team in international competitions.

Smit played for Twins Sport Club, Zwijndrecht and since 2004 she was back at the Twins. She is an outfielder and second baseman who bats and throws right-handed. She competes for the Dutch national team since 1999. In 2002 she stole the most bases in the Dutch Softball Hoofdklasse. She was part of the Dutch team for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Vierde Divisie
The Vierde Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈviːrdə diˈvisi]; "Fourth Division"), formerly known as Hoofdklasse (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦoːftklɑsə]) is the third-highest league of amateur football in the Netherlands, and the fifth tier in general.
Orrs Springs, California
Orrs Springs (formerly, Orr's Hot Sulphur Springs and Orrs) is a set of springs around which grew a resort and a stagecoach station in Mendocino County, California.
It is located 15 miles (24 km) almost directly north of Boonville, at an elevation of 1001 feet (305 m). However, it is accessible from Ukiah by following Orr Springs Rd.

The Orrs post office operated from 1889 to 1911 and from 1915 to 1933. The name honored Samuel Orr, an early settler. Orr's son established a stage station and a resort that still exists as Orr Hot Springs Resort.

Ukiah, California
Ukiah (/juːˈkaɪə/ yoo-KY-ə; Pomo: Yokáya, meaning "deep valley" or "south valley") is the county seat of and the largest city in Mendocino County, in the North Coast region of California. Ukiah had a population of 16,607 at the 2020 census. With its accessible location along the U.S. Route 101 corridor, Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring Lake County.
Arnold Geulincx
Arnold Geulincx (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑrnɔlt ˈxøːlɪŋks]; 31 January 1624 – November 1669), also known by his pseudonym Philaretus, was a Flemish philosopher, metaphysician, and logician. He was one of the followers of René Descartes who tried to work out more detailed versions of a generally Cartesian philosophy. Samuel Beckett cited Geulincx as a key influence and interlocutor because of Geulincx's emphasis on the powerlessness and ignorance of the human condition.

Interlocutor (linguistics)
In linguistics, discourse analysis, and related fields, an interlocutor is a person involved in a conversation or dialogue. Two or more people speaking to one another are each other's interlocutors.  The terms conversation partner, hearer, or addressee are often used interchangeably with interlocutor.
Connecticut's 86th House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 86th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It includes the town of North Branford, along with parts of Durham, Guilford, and Wallingford. The district has been represented by Republican Vincent Candelora since 2007.

Durham, Connecticut
Durham (/ˈdɜːrəm/ DURR-əm) is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut,  United States. Durham is a former farming village on the Coginchaug River in central Connecticut. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 7,152 at the 2020 census. Every autumn, the town hosts the Durham Fair, the largest volunteer agricultural fair in New England.

The Durham town center is listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place. The core of the town center has also been listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Ed Galigher
Edward Albert Galigher (October 15, 1950 – November 27, 2018) was an American professional football defensive lineman who played for seven seasons for the San Francisco 49ers and the New York Jets.

Galigher graduated from Sunset High School in Hayward, California in 1968.

Galigher played football for Chabot College in Hayward in 1968 and 1969.

Hayward, California
Hayward is a city in Alameda County, California, United States, in the East Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. With a population of 162,954 as of 2020, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the Bay Area, and the third largest in Alameda County. Hayward was ranked as the 36th most populous municipality in California. It is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census. It is located primarily between Castro Valley, San Leandro and Union City, and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge.
Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area
Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area is a state park unit of Wisconsin, United States, preserving numerous glacial landforms. The abundance and quality of these geological features led to its being included in the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve.  The Ice Age National Scenic Trail passes through the park.  The park is largely undeveloped, but its modern visitor center serves to interpret the area's geological and biological features.  Official documentation alternatively refers to the park as the Chippewa Moraine Ice Age Reserve or the Chippewa Moraine Ice Age National Scientific Reserve. It is located in northwestern Chippewa County.

The Chippewa Moraine Interpretive Center offers exhibits about the area's geology, natural history, and cultural history, as well as naturalist-led programs for school groups. The center is located 7 miles (11 km) east of New Auburn.

Glacial landform
Glacial landforms are landforms created by the action of glaciers. Most of today's glacial landforms were created by the movement of large ice sheets during the Quaternary glaciations. Some areas, like Fennoscandia and the southern Andes, have extensive occurrences of glacial landforms; other areas, such as the Sahara, display rare and very old fossil glacial landforms.
2023 Oceania Badminton Championships
The 2023 Oceania Badminton Championships was a continental badminton championships in Oceania sanctioned by the Badminton Oceania, and Badminton World Federation. The individual and mixed team events were held from 13 to 16 and 17 to 19 February 2023, respectively.

Tiffany Ho (badminton)
Tiffany Celine Ho (born 6 January 1998) is an Australian badminton player. She won the women's doubles title at the Oceania Championships in 2016 partnered with Jennifer Tam, and then crowned as the women's singles champion in 2024. She claimed her first international title at the Waikato International tournament in the women's doubles event. Ho was part of Australia team that won the Oceania Women's Team Championships in 2020 and 2024, and also the Oceania Mixed Team Championships in 2023. She competed for Australia at the 2022 Commonwealth Games and the 2024 Summer Olympics.
St Michael Caerhays
St Michael Caerhays (Cornish: Lannvighal) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is about seven miles (11 km) south-southwest of St Austell. The population as of the 2011 census was 96

St Michael Caerhays lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

The ecclesiastical parish was a chapelry of St Stephen in Brannel until 1832. From the 16th century the Rectors of St Stephen resided here so the church of St Michael came to be regarded as the mother church. The church is Norman but the Lady Chapel was added in the 15th century by the Trevanions and it contains their monuments. Their home was on the site of Caerhayes Castle.

Caerhays Castle, a picturesque castellated mansion, is situated half-a-mile south of the village and was built by John Nash for J. B. Trevanion in 1808.

Cornwall National Landscape
Cornwall National Landscape is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It was formerly known as, and is still legally designated as, Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, with the National Landscape branding adopted in November 2023.

The National Landscape covers 958 square kilometres (370 sq mi), or about 27% of the total area of the county. It comprises 12 separate sections, of which 11 cover stretches of coastline and one Bodmin Moor, which together are treated as a single National Landscape.

It was designated in 1959 for special landscape protection, and under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, Cornwall Council is required to produce a 5-year management plan, and authorities must have regard to the purpose of conserving and enhancing natural beauty when discharging any function affecting land within the National Landscape.
Neriyakulam railway station
Neriyakulam railway station (Tamil: நேரியகுளம் தொடருந்து நிலையம் Nēriyakuḷam toṭaruntu nilaiyam) (Sinhala: නෙරියාකුලම් අඛණ්ඩ ස්ථානය) is a railway station in the town of Neriyakulam in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Mannar Line which links Mannar Island with the capital Colombo. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2013 due to the civil war. The Mannar Line between Medawachchiya and Madhu Road, which includes Neriyakulam, was re-opened on 14 May 2013.

Sri Lanka Railways
The Sri Lanka Railway Department (more commonly known as Sri Lanka Railways (SLR)) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා දුම්රිය සේවය Śrī Laṃkā Dumriya Sēvaya; Tamil: இலங்கை புகையிரத சேவை Ilankai Pugaiyiradha Sēvai) is Sri Lanka's railway owner and primary operator. As part of the Sri Lankan government, it is overseen by the Ministry of Transport. Founded in 1858 as the Ceylon Government Railway, it operates the nation's railways and links Colombo (the capital) with other population centres and tourist destinations.

The Sri Lankan rail network is 1,508 km (937 mi) of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge. Some of its routes are scenic, with the main line passing (or crossing) waterfalls, mountains, tea estates, pine forests, bridges and peak stations.
RSpec
RSpec is a computer domain-specific language (DSL) (particular application domain) testing tool written in the programming language Ruby to test Ruby code. It is a behavior-driven development (BDD) framework which is extensively used in production applications. The basic idea behind this concept is that of test-driven development (TDD) where the tests are written first and the development is based on writing just enough code that will fulfill those tests followed by refactoring. It contains its own mocking framework that is fully integrated into the framework based upon JMock. The simplicity in the RSpec syntax makes it one of the popular testing tools for Ruby applications. The RSpec tool can be used by installing the rspec gem which consists of three other gems, namely rspec-core, rspec-expectation and rspec-mock.

Test automation
Test automation is the use of software (separate from the software being tested) for controlling the execution of tests and comparing actual outcome with predicted. Test automation supports testing the system under test (SUT) without manual interaction which can lead to faster test execution and testing more often. Test automation is a key aspect of continuous testing and often for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD).
Joe Belmont
Joseph Elliott Belmont (July 12, 1934 – January 6, 2019) was an American basketball player and coach.  He played college basketball at Duke University, and was selected in the 1956 NBA Draft by the Philadelphia Warriors.  He never played in the NBA, however.  He had a long playing career with the Denver-Chicago Truckers of the National Industrial Basketball League.

In 1970, he was hired as the head coach of the American Basketball Association's Denver Rockets, a position he held for as season and a half.  He shared ABA Coach of the Year honors in 1970 with Bill Sharman of the Utah Stars.

In 2005 Belmont was inducted into the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame.

Colorado Sports Hall of Fame
The Colorado Sports Hall of Fame (CSHoF) is a hall of fame and museum that honors—by public acknowledgment or commemoration—individuals who merit recognition and distinction for their exploits, accomplishments, and leadership in sports and athletic endeavors in the state of Colorado. The museum is located at Gate #1 on the west side of Empower Field at Mile High, in Denver, Colorado, and each year's inductees are honored on the Sports Legend Mall and Legacy Pillars that adjoin the Museum.

The Hall of Fame was incorporated on November 4, 1964, initially as a board of directors operating out of the Denver Chamber of Commerce.  It opened as a physical entity in August 2001, coincident with the opening of the sports stadium that hosts it.
Angela Monson
Angela Z. Monson (born July 31, 1955) is an American politician from Oklahoma who served in the Oklahoma State House of Representatives, representing District 99 from 1990–1993, as well as the Oklahoma Senate, representing District 48 from 1993–2005. In 2003, she became the first African American woman assistant majority floor leader in the Oklahoma legislature. Monson defeated incumbent Kirk Humphreys, a former Oklahoma City mayor, for the school board chairman's position in 2009, serving until 2013.

Although she had stated an intention to retire in 2018, she is currently employed by the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center as Director of Health Policy Development and Analysis, as well as being Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine. She is also a member of the OU Medical Center Board of Trustees (a hospital board) and is also a member of the Oklahoma City/County Board of Health.

Oklahoma Senate
The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the other being the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The total number of senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.

Senators approve or reject gubernatorial appointments, and contribute to the creation of both state law and an annual state budget. Every ten years, they aid in drawing new boundaries for Oklahoma's electoral districts. The Oklahoma Senate also serves as a court of impeachment.

The presiding officer of the Senate is the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, who is the president of the Senate. Since the 1960s, the president pro tempore of the Senate has presided over daily work. Prior to that time, the president of the Senate took a leading role in the Senate, including appointing committees and members to those committees. The president of the Senate may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie vote and may not vote to create a tie.