hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heinrich Kreutz
Heinrich Carl Friedrich Kreutz (September 8, 1854 – July 13, 1907) was a German astronomer, most notable for his studies of the orbits of several sungrazing comets, which revealed that they were all related objects, produced when a very large Sun-grazing comet fragmented several hundred years previously.  The group is now known as the Kreutz Sungrazers, and has produced some of the brightest comets ever seen, including X/1106 C1 and Comet Ikeya–Seki. The source of the group may have been the Great Comet of 371 BC.

Kreutz was born in Siegen in 1854, and obtained his PhD at the University of Bonn in 1880 on the orbit of comet C/1861 J1.  In 1882 he moved to Kiel, working at the observatory and university there.  In 1896 he became the editor of the Astronomische Nachrichten, the leading astronomical journal of the time, and held the position until his death in 1907.

The minor planet 3635 Kreutz, discovered by Luboš Kohoutek in 1981, was named after him.

Luboš Kohoutek
Luboš Kohoutek (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkoɦou̯tɛk]; 29 January 1935 – 30 December 2023) was a Czech astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets and comets, including Comet Kohoutek which was visible to the naked eye in 1973.
He also discovered a large number of planetary nebulae.
Bechyně
Bechyně ([ˈbɛxɪɲɛ] ⓘ; German: Bechin) is a town in Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,800 inhabitants. The town is known for its mud spa and its tradition of pottery production, which continues today in the form of sanitary ware production. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Christopher Heath Wellman
Christopher “Kit” Heath Wellman (born February 22, 1967) is an American philosopher. He teaches at Washington University in St. Louis, where he is also dean of academic planning for Arts & Sciences. He is best known for his distinctive views on core questions in political theory, including political legitimacy, secession, the duty to obey the law, immigration, and the permissibility of punishment.

Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis
Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis is home to the College of Arts and Sciences and corresponding graduate programs across its many departments. The current dean of the faculty is Feng Sheng Hu, the Lucille P. Markey Distinguished Professor in Arts and Sciences.

Arts and Sciences students have a strong track record in national and international fellowship competitions. For example, of Washington University's eleven Fulbright Scholarship recipients in 2011, seven were recent alumni of the College of Arts and Sciences, and three were Arts and Sciences graduate students. In addition, two students were selected as Rhodes Scholars in 2017–2018 and another student was a Rhodes Scholarship finalist in 2016.
Shiy De-jinn
Shiy De-jinn 席德進 (1923–1981; pinyin: Xí Déjìn) was a Chinese modernist artist who became prominent in Taiwan. Born in Sichuan, he was a student of Lin Fengmian and Pang Xunqin. Fleeing the Chinese Communist Party to Taiwan, he lived there until his death. He has attracted interested as a nativist and, especially posthumously, as a queer artist.

His works are held at Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei and the Taipei Fine Arts Museum.

Lin Fengmian
Lin Fengmian (Chinese: 林風眠; November 22, 1900 – August 12, 1991), originally Lin Fengming (林凤鸣), was a Chinese painter and is considered a pioneer of modern Chinese painting for blending Chinese and Western styles, he was one of the earliest Chinese painters to study in Europe. He was also an important innovator in the area of Chinese art education. He was one of the pioneers of Chinese modern art, who earned the title of "The Four Great Academy Presidents".
Wang Tiwu
Wang Tiwu (Chinese: 王惕吾, 29 August 1913 - 11 March 1996, born in Dongyang, Zhejiang, China) is the founder of the United Daily News and was a member of the Kuomintang Central Standing Committee.

Wang's family was from Zhejiang. In 1947, Wang was a colonel in the army of Chiang Kai-shek, traveled to Taiwan, and founded the newspaper United Daily News. His daughter, Wang Shaw-lan, owns the newspaper.

Dongyang
Dongyang (simplified Chinese: 东阳; traditional Chinese: 東陽; pinyin: Dōngyáng; lit. 'east sun') is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jinhua in Central Zhejiang Province, China. It covers an area of 1,744.05 km2 (673.38 sq mi) and administers eleven towns, one township, and six subdistricts. It is part of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Region.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,087,950 inhabitants however, its built-up (or metro) area, made of Dongyang and the neighboring city of Yiwu, was home to 2,947,340 inhabitants.
Kara Kara National Park
The Kara Kara National Park is a national park located in the Wimmera/Goldfields region of Victoria, Australia. The 13,990-hectare (34,600-acre) national park is situated approximately 190 kilometres (120 mi) north-west of Melbourne, west of the Sunraysia Highway, and to the south of the town of St Arnaud.

Sunraysia Highway
Sunraysia Highway (route B220) is a 330 kilometres (205 mi) north–south rural highway in western Victoria, linking Ouyen to the north-western Ballarat suburb of Mitchell Park, and acts as a secondary route to Calder Highway, the main route between Melbourne and Mildura. It serves a number of important industries in the region such as agriculture, viticulture, food processing, winemaking and tourism. It forms an important link for these industries to markets and ports in the south of Victoria and South Australia.
Trocar
A trocar (or trochar) is a medical or veterinary device traditionally used in draining or venting procedures, now also (informally termed a port) prominent in minimally invasive surgery. Trocars are typically made up of an obturator (which may be metal or plastic, and with a pointed or tapered tip), within a cannula (essentially a rigid tube), and often with a seal.  They allow passive evacuation of excess gas or fluid from organs within the body; some also include a valve mechanism to allow for insufflation. Trocars designed for placement through the chest and abdominal walls during thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery function as portals for the subsequent insertion of other endoscopic instruments, such as grasper, scissors, stapler, electrocautery, suction tip, etc.

Endoscopy
An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

There are many types of endoscopies. Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by a doctor or a surgeon. During the procedure, a patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Similar instruments are called borescopes for nonmedical use.
Laila's lanternshark
Laila's lanternshark (Etmopterus lailae) is a species of lanternshark of the family Etmopteridae, found in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Koko and south Kanmu seamounts). It inhabits the seamounts at depths of 314–384 m (1,030–1,260 ft). This species resembles Blackbelly lanternshark in having linear rows of dermal denticles.

Compared to its congeners, Laila's lanternshark has several characteristics, including the number of precaudal vertebrates and spiral valve turns, the arrangement of dermal denticles on the ventral snout surface and body, the markings of caudal and flank, and a longer anterior flank marking branch.

Etmopteridae
The Etmopteridae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as lantern sharks. Their name comes from the presence of light-producing photophores on their bodies. The members of this family are small, under 90 cm (35 in) long, and are found in deep waters worldwide. The 45 species are  placed in five genera. Three-quarters of the species are in the genus Etmopterus.
Wayunkayuq
Wayunkayuq (Quechua wayunka a bunch of bananas, -yuq a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a bunch of bananas", also spelled Guayoncayoc) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,200 m (13,800 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Antonio Raymondi Province, Rontoy District.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Fuji music
Fújì is a genre of Yoruba popular music that emerged in Nigeria in the 1960s. It evolved from the improvisational wéré music also known as ajísari (meaning "waking up for sari", performed to awaken Muslims before dawn during the fasting season of Ramadan. Fuji music was named after the Japanese stratovolcano-mountain, Mount Fuji by Alhaji Sikiru Ayinde Barrister (pioneer of Fuji). It features energetic beats, diverse Yoruba rhythms, and call-and-response vocals. Fuji's influence extends into contemporary music, with its hooks and rhythms frequently appearing in Nigerian hip hop.

In February 2024, professor and filmmaker Saheed Aderinto released the first episode of The Fuji Documentary titled "Mr. Fuji: Barry Wonder" which chronicles the story of Fuji music creator Sikiru Ayinde Barrister.

Fasting in Islam
In Islam, fasting (called ṣawm in Arabic: صَوم [sˤɑwm], or ṣiyām صيام [sˤɪˈjæːm]) is the practice of abstaining from food, drink, sexual activity, and anything that substitutes food and drink. During the holy month of Ramadan, fasting is observed between dawn and sunset when the prayer call of the dawn prayer and the sunset prayer is called. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar and fasting is a requirement for able Muslims as it is the fourth of the five pillars of Islam.

Fasting during Ramadan, called ṣawm, is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Muslims abstain from food and drink during daylight hours as a way to develop self-control, piety, and compassion for those in need.

The fast is observed every day of Ramadan unless a person falls under exemptions such as illness, travel, pregnancy, or other health conditions.
Bigler, Pennsylvania
Bigler is a census-designated place located in Bradford Township, Clearfield County in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 356.

Its location is 9 miles (14 km) east of Clearfield and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Philipsburg on U.S. Route 322.

Bigler was originally known as Williams Grove, but was renamed because the mail was being confused with another Williams Grove, in Cumberland County. As Governor William Bigler was from Clearfield, Pennsylvania, the county seat of Clearfield County, Bigler was named after him.

Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Cumberland County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 259,469. Its county seat is Carlisle. Cumberland County is included in the Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House
Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House, also known as Rosella Plantation House, is a historic mansion located at 3515 LA 308, about 1.8 miles (2.9 km) northwest of Raceland, Louisiana.

The house is a two-story Creole plantation house built in c.1814 by Jean Baptiste Thibodaux, who purchased the land parcel in 1810. The house was originally formed by four rooms. A two-story side wing was added at some time and, in the 1880s, a two-story rear wing containing a carriage area was also added to the building. The rear wing was deeply altered in 1956.

The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1982.

Creole architecture in the United States
Creole architecture in the United States is present in buildings in Louisiana and elsewhere in the South, and also in the U.S. associated territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. A variant is Ponce Creole style.
Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2010 Commonwealth Games took place on 4 October 2010, at the SPM Swimming Pool Complex.

Two heats were held, with both containing six countries. The heat in which a country competed in did not formally matter for advancement, as the countries with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

SPM Swimming Pool Complex
The Dr. S. P. Mukherjee Swimming Stadium  or SPM Swimming Pool Complex is a swimming complex in New Delhi, India, that is hosting the aquatics events for the 2010 Commonwealth Games. The stadium is owned by the Sports Authority of India (SAI). 
It was renovated at a cost of Rs 377 crore (U$84.89 million) for the Commonwealth Games.
Alaungpaya
Alaungpaya (Burmese: အလောင်းဘုရား, pronounced [ʔəláʊɰ̃ pʰəjá]; also spelled Alaunghpaya or Alaung-Phra; 24 August [O.S. 13 August] 1714 – 11 May 1760) was the founder and first emperor of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. By the time of his death from illness during his campaign in Siam, this former chief of a small village in Upper Burma had unified Burma, subdued Manipur, conquered Lan Na and launched successful attacks against the French and  British East India companies who had given help to the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. He added settlements around Dagon, and called the enlarged town Yangon.

He is considered one of the three greatest monarchs of Burma alongside Anawrahta and Bayinnaung for unifying Burma for the third time in Burmese history.

Upper Myanmar
Upper Myanmar (Burmese: အထက်မြန်မာပြည် or မြန်မာပြည်အထက်ပိုင်း, also called Upper Burma) is one of two geographic regions in Myanmar, the other being Lower Myanmar. Located in the country's centre and north stretches, Upper Myanmar encompasses six inland states and regions, including Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions, and Chin, Kachin and Shan States. By contrast, Lower Myanmar encompasses the southern and coastal-facing regions of Myanmar. Upper Myanmar is home to several distinct cultural regions, including the homeland of the Bamar in the low-lying central plains, and those of the Chin, Kachin, and Shan peoples in the highlands. Home to over 23 million people, the region's agricultural sector, natural resources, and shared borders with India, China, and Thailand have made Upper Myanmar a major economic hub. Four of Myanmar's ten largest cities—Mandalay, Taunggyi, Monywa, and Myitkyina—are located in the region.
Yusuf Shakkur
Yusuf Raghib Shakkur (Arabic: يوسف راغب شكور; 1926–2018) was a Syrian military officer who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Syrian Army during the Yom Kippur War in October 1973. As the highest-ranking military officer under President Hafez al-Assad, he was directly responsible for the planning and execution of the Syrian military's operations during the conflict.

Chief of the General Staff (Syria)
The Chief of the General Staff of the Army and Armed Forces (Arabic: رئيس هيئة الأركان العامة للجيش والقوات المسلحة, romanized: Raʾīs Hayʾat al-Arkān al-ʿĀmma li-l-Jaysh wa-l-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa) is the professional head of the Syrian Armed Forces and the Syrian Army. The Chief of the General Staff is appointed by the President of Syria, who is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.

On 16 July 2025, the Israeli Air Force bombed the entrance and two of its facades to the General Staff headquarters in Damascus, amid the July 2025 southern Syria clashes.
Taipei West District Gateway Project
25°02′51″N 121°31′1″E﻿ / ﻿25.04750°N 121.51694°E﻿ / 25.04750; 121.51694

The Taipei West District Gateway Project (Chinese: 西區門戶計畫) is a comprehensive urban renewal initiative launched by the Taipei City Government in 2014. Centred around Taipei Main Station, the project aims to revitalise the city's western core by integrating transportation infrastructure, restoring historical landmarks, and promoting economic development. This initiative seeks to balance the city's development, which had previously been concentrated in the eastern districts, e.g Da'an and Xinyi.

Xinyi District, Taipei
Xinyi District or Sinyi District is a district of Taipei, Taiwan.

Xinyi District includes Taipei 101, Taipei International Convention Center, Taipei World Trade Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and various shopping malls and entertainment venues.
Kenneth Lamplugh
The Rt Rev Kenneth Edward Norman Lamplugh (9 November 1901 – 2 October 1979) was the eighth Suffragan Bishop of Southampton.

He was educated at  King's College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1926 he began his career with  curacies at Lambeth and Pietermaritzburg. He was then Vicar of St Mary's, Durban and after that Hartley Wintney. From 1942 he was Rural Dean of Lyndhurst and then (his final appointment before elevation to the Episcopate) Archdeacon of Lincoln.  He died on 2 October 1979.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
2022 The Women's Hospital Classic – Doubles
Kylie Collins and Robin Montgomery were the defending champions but Montgomery chose not to participate.

Collins partnered alongside Ashlyn Krueger, but lost in the final to Kolie Allen and Ava Markham, 6–3, 1–6, [3–10].

Kolie Allen
Kolie Allen (born 17 March 2000) is an American tennis player.

Allen has a career-high doubles ranking by the WTA of 447, achieved on 5 May 2025. She has won one doubles title on the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour.

Allen won her biggest title to date at the 2022 The Women's Hospital Classic, where she partnered Ava Markham to win the doubles title.
Perforator vein
Perforator veins are so called because they perforate the deep fascia of muscles, to connect the superficial veins to the deep veins where they drain.

Perforator veins play an essential role in maintaining normal blood draining. They have valves which prevent blood flowing back (regurgitation) from deep to superficial veins in muscular systole or contraction.

Systole
Systole (/ˈsɪstəli/ SIST-ə-lee) is the part of the cardiac cycle during which some chambers of the  heart contract after refilling with blood. Its contrasting phase is diastole, the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are refilling with blood.
Decisive Battles
Decisive Battles is a 2004 American animated documentary television series that depicted historic conflicts using the game engine from Rome: Total War to present 3-D simulations of the battles. The show was hosted by Matthew Settle, who usually traveled to the sites of the battles. It originally aired on Fridays on the History Channel, and ran for thirteen episodes in mid-2004. Reruns of the show air on the History International channel and the Military History channel.

Animated documentary
The animated documentary (also known as anidoc) is a moving image form that combines animation and documentary. This form should not be confused with documentaries about movie and TV animation history that feature excerpts.
Doon Valley (ward)
Doon Valley  is one of the nine electoral wards of East Ayrshire Council. Created in 2007, the ward elects three councillors using the single transferable vote electoral system and covers an area with a population of 11,592 people.

The area was previously a Labour stronghold with the party holding two of the three seats between 2009 and 2017. However, the ward has since been split between Labour and the Scottish National Party (SNP).

East Ayrshire Council
East Ayrshire Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Shiorrachd Inbhir Àir an Ear) is the local authority for East Ayrshire, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It was created in 1996, and now comprises nine wards, each electing three of four local councillors through the single transferable vote system, creating a type of proportional representation. It is based at the Council Headquarters in Kilmarnock.
Eladio Rosabal
Eladio Rosabal Cordero  (15 September 1894 — 26 April 1965) was a Costa Rican footballer who was one of the top midfielders in the history of the Primera División de Costa Rica. He was one of the founders of the Costa Rican football club, Herediano.

Liga FPD
The Primera División of Costa Rica, commonly known as Liga de Fútbol de Primera División (Liga FPD), and Liga Promerica for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional association football division in Costa Rica. It is administered by the Unión de Clubes de Fútbol de la Primera División (UNAFUT). The league consists of 10 teams, with the last-placed team relegated to the Liga de Ascenso.

The league was founded in 1921, with Herediano crowned as the first champions. Saprissa is the most successful club having won the championship a record 40 times. Together with Alajuelense (31 titles)and Herediano (31 titles)they have dominated the league.
Fluvanna County Courthouse Historic District
Fluvanna County Courthouse Historic District is a national historic district located at Palmyra, Fluvanna County, Virginia.  The district encompasses four contributing buildings. The courthouse was built in 1830–1831, and is a two-story, brick building in the form of a tetrastyle Roman Doric temple. It is five bays deep.  The other contributing buildings are a small lawyer's office (c. 1830) used as the Fluvanna County library and the stone jail house (1829), now the county museum.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Fluvanna County, Virginia
Fluvanna County is a United States county centrally located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  Part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area, Fluvanna's population, as of the 2020 census, was 27,249. The county seat is Palmyra, while the most populous community is the census designated place of Lake Monticello.