hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rives de l'Yon
Rives de l'Yon (French pronunciation: [ʁiv də ljɔ̃], literally Banks of the Yon) is a commune in the department of Vendée, western France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Saint-Florent-des-Bois and Chaillé-sous-les-Ormeaux.

Yon (river)
The Yon (French pronunciation: [jɔ̃]) is a 55.6 km (34.5 mi) long river in the Vendée département, western France. Its source is at Saint-Martin-des-Noyers. It flows generally south. It is a right tributary of the Lay into which it flows between Rosnay and Le Champ-Saint-Père.
Partita in A minor for solo flute (Bach)
The Partita in A minor for solo flute, BWV 1013,  is a partita in four movements composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. Its date of composition is uncertain, though on the basis of its advanced playing technique, which is more demanding than in the flute part for the Fifth Brandenburg Concerto, for example, it must have been written after 1723. The title, however, is the work of 20th-century editors. The title in the only surviving 18th-century manuscript is "Solo p[our une] flûte traversière par J. S. Bach".

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Volodymyr Firman
Bishop Volodymyr Firman (Ukrainian: Володимир Фірман; born 8 May 1976) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch, who serves as Titular Bishop of Limisa and Auxiliary Bishop of the Archeparchy of Ternopil–Zboriv since 12 July 2023.

Zarvanytsia
Zarvanytsia (Ukrainian: Зарваниця) is a small village in the Eparchy of Ternopil-Zboriv. It has just over 300 citizens and is located in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine, about 20 km (12 mi) SW from Terebovlia, 22 km (14 mi) N of Buchach and 18 km (11 mi) SE of Pidhaitsi, within an oxbow loop of the Strypa River. Zarvanytsia belongs to Zolotnyky rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village is known for its icon of the Mother of God, reputed to work miracles, and is a popular site of pilgrimage, attracting Ukrainians both from the country as well as the diaspora scattered around the world.
Jacques Durandi
Jacopo Durandi (c. 1410 – 1469) was an Italian painter active in France. Together with his brother Cristoforo, he worked in Nice. Very little is known of his life, but a few of his works have survived. The main one is the Saint Margaret retable in the Fréjus Cathedral. Another retable, originally from Lucéram, is now kept in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice.

He presumably learned to paint in Siena or from a Sienese master. He worked circa 1440 in Bouyon, in 1443 in Taggia in northern Italy, and around 1450 in Fréjus and possibly Marseille. Between 1454 and 1469 he is recorded as working in Nice, painting works for churches, but also portraits and decorations. The early works of Ludovico Brea are similar to the work of Durandi, which may indicate that Brea was his pupil.

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice
The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice in Nice, France at 33 av. des Baumettes was built in the former private mansion built in 1878 by the Russian  Princess, Elizaveta Vasilievna Kochubey. Named for the artist Jules Chéret who lived and worked in Nice during his final years, the museum opened as the "Palais des Arts Jules Chéret" on 7 January 1928.
Kani Gogouna
Kani Gogouna (Kǎ:n) is a village and seat of the commune of Wadouba in the Cercle of Bandiagara in the Mopti Region of southern-central Mali. It is the administrative center (chef-lieu) of a village cluster that includes villages such as Kani-Kombole and Kani-Bonzon.

Tommo So is spoken in the village. Local surnames are Kansaye (majority), Siguipili [sìgìpîl], Kampo, Kamia, Tembiné, and Fofana.

Mopti Region
Mopti (Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated Diiwal Moobti) is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2.  Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region.
Augmented truncated dodecahedron
In geometry, the augmented truncated dodecahedron is one of the Johnson solids (J68). As its name suggests, it is created by attaching a pentagonal cupola (J5) onto one decagonal face of a truncated dodecahedron.

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that are composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.

Antiprism
In geometry, an n-gonal antiprism or n-antiprism is a polyhedron composed of two parallel direct copies (not mirror images) of an n-sided polygon, connected by an alternating band of 2n triangles. They are represented by the Conway notation An.

Antiprisms are a subclass of prismatoids, and are a (degenerate) type of snub polyhedron.

Antiprisms are similar to prisms, except that the bases are twisted relatively to each other, and that the side faces (connecting the bases) are 2n triangles, rather than n quadrilaterals.

The dual polyhedron of an n-gonal antiprism is an n-gonal trapezohedron.
Jurimetrics
Jurimetrics is the application of quantitative methods, especially probability and statistics, to law. In the United States, the journal Jurimetrics is published by the American Bar Association and Arizona State University. The Journal of Empirical Legal Studies is another publication that emphasizes the statistical analysis of law.

The term was coined in 1949 by Lee Loevinger in his article "Jurimetrics: The Next Step Forward". Showing the influence of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Loevinger quoted Holmes' celebrated phrase that:

"For the rational study of the law the blackletter man may be the man of the present, but the man of the future is the man of statistics and the master of economics."

The first work on this topic is attributed to Nicolaus I Bernoulli in his doctoral dissertation De Usu Artis Conjectandi in Jure, written in 1709.

Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses a prior distribution to estimate posterior probabilities. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science, engineering, philosophy, medicine, sport, and law. In the philosophy of decision theory, Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often called "Bayesian probability".
Consensus history
Consensus history is a term used to define a style of American historiography and classify a group of historians who emphasize the basic unity of American values and the American national character and downplay conflicts, especially conflicts along class lines, as superficial and lacking in complexity. The term originated with historian John Higham, who coined it in a 1959 article in Commentary titled "The Cult of the American Consensus". Consensus history saw its primary period of influence in the 1950s, and it remained the dominant mode of American history until historians of the New Left began to challenge it in the 1960s.

Ethnic stereotype
An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group, their  status, societal and cultural norms. A national stereotype does the same for a given nationality. Stereotyping is typically associated with racism, and may also be used for humor in jokes.

National stereotypes may relate either to one's own ethnicity/nationality or to a foreign/differing one.  Stereotypes about one's own nation may aid in maintaining a national identity due to a collective relatability to a trait or characteristic, referred to as national character.
Montredon-Labessonnié
Montredon-Labessonnie (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tʁədɔ̃ labɛsɔnje]; Occitan: La Bessoniá de Montredond) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

The commune has several shops, a planetarium, a cinema, a tourist information centre, a hotel, cafe-bars among other venues.

Tarn (department)
Tarn  (French: [taʁ(n)], Occitan: [taɾ]) is a department in the Occitania region in Southern France. Named after the river Tarn, it had a population of 389844 as of 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Albi; it has a single subprefecture, Castres. In French, the inhabitants of Tarn are known as Tarnais (masculine) and Tarnaises (feminine). Its INSEE and postcode number is 81.
Heygate Estate
The Heygate Estate was a large housing estate in Walworth, Southwark, South London, comprising 1,214 homes. The estate was demolished between 2011 and 2014 as part of the urban regeneration of the Elephant & Castle area. Home to more than 3,000 people, it was situated adjacent to Walworth Road and New Kent Road, and immediately east of the Elephant & Castle road intersection. The estate was used extensively as a filming location, due in part to its brutalist architecture.

The clearance of the site and its sale to Lendlease for redevelopment was highly controversial.

South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, mostly south of the River Thames. The region consists of the boroughs, in whole or in part, of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.

South London originally emerged from Southwark, first recorded as Suthriganaweorc, meaning 'fort of the men of Surrey'. From Southwark, London then extended further down into northern Surrey and western Kent.
IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role
The IIFA Best Villain Award is chosen via a worldwide poll and the winner is announced at the ceremony.

Superlatives

Rishi Kapoor and Akshaye Khanna are the only actors to win the award twice.

Naseeruddin Shah and Boman Irani are the only actors nominated 3 times winning once.

Manoj Bajpayee is the only actor nominated 3 times without winning.

Bipasha Basu is the only actress nominated multiple times without winning.

John Abraham, Prakash Raj and Kay Kay Menon are actors nominated twice winning once.

Nana Patekar was also nominated for Best supporting actor the same year.

Naseeruddin Shah
Naseeruddin Shah (born 20 July 1950) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Hindi films. He was notable in Indian parallel cinema and has starred in various international productions. He has won numerous awards in his career, including three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards and the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan awards for his contributions to Indian cinema.

In 1982, he married his second wife, actress Ratna Pathak, daughter of actress Dina Pathak, with whom he has two sons. His sister-in-law is actress Supriya Pathak, who is married to actor Pankaj Kapur.
Sovinek
Sovinek (pronounced [sɔˈʋiːnək]) is a small village in the Municipality of Semič in southeastern Slovenia. Until 2001, the area was part of the settlements of Coklovca, Oskoršnica, and Praprot. The village is part of the traditional region of White Carniola and is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

White Carniola
White Carniola (Slovene: Bela krajina; Croatian: Bela krajina; German: Weißkrain or Weiße Mark) is a traditional region in southeastern Slovenia on the border with Croatia. Due to its smallness, it is often considered a subunit of the broader Lower Carniola region, although with distinctive cultural, linguistic, and historical features.

Due to its proximity with Croatia, White Carniola shares many cultural and linguistic features with the neighboring Kajkavian Croatian areas. It is generally considered the Slovenian region with the closest cultural affinity with other South Slavic territories. It was part of Slavonia until the 12th century, after which it shared the historical fate with the Windic March and Lower Carniola to the north. During the 19th century, it was one of the regions with the highest emigration rate in the Slovene Lands, and the Austrian Empire in general. During World War II, it was an important center of anti-Fascist resistance in Slovenia.
Cable & Wireless
Cable & Wireless refers to three telecommunications businesses:

Cable & Wireless plc, the original business, established in 1869 and split in 2010
Cable & Wireless HKT, a Hong Kong–based former subsidiary

Cable & Wireless Communications, the former mainly Caribbean division of Cable & Wireless plc, demerged in 2010 and since integrated into Liberty Global

Cable & Wireless Worldwide, renamed following the demerger of Cable & Wireless Communications and now integrated into Vodafone

Cable & Wireless Worldwide
Cable & Wireless Worldwide PLC  (informally Cable & Wireless) was a British multinational telecommunications services company headquartered in Bracknell, United Kingdom. It was formed in 2010 by the split of Cable & Wireless plc into two companies, the other being Cable & Wireless Communications serving Central America and the Caribbean (and now a part of Liberty Latin America).

Cable & Wireless Worldwide specialised in servicing large corporates, governments, carriers and resellers and its services included managed voice, data and IP-based services. It had operations in Asia Pacific, Europe, India, the Middle East & Africa and North America. The company was bought by Vodafone in July 2012 and integrated into the business on 1 April 2013.
Rockabill Lighthouse
Rockabill Lighthouse is an active lighthouse from the 19th century on the larger of the two islands that form Rockabill. It lies around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) off of the east coast of Skerries, County Dublin, Ireland. It is maintained by the Commissioners of Irish Lights.

Commissioners of Irish Lights
The Commissioners of Irish Lights (Irish: Coimisinéirí Soilse na hÉireann), often shortened to Irish Lights or CIL, is the body that serves as the general lighthouse authority for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and their adjacent seas and islands. As the lighthouse authority for the island of Ireland it oversees the coastal lights and navigation marks provided by the local lighthouse authorities, the county councils and port authorities.

Irish Lights is funded through light dues paid into the General Lighthouse Fund (GLF) by ships calling both in Ireland (including the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) and in Great Britain. The General Lighthouse Fund is managed by the Secretary of State for Transport in the United Kingdom and is split between the three General Lighthouse Authorities.
Creos Luxembourg
Creos Luxembourg S.A. owns and manages electricity networks and natural gas pipelines in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In this capacity, the company plans, constructs and maintains high, medium and low-voltage electricity networks and high, medium and low-pressure natural gas pipelines, which it owns or which it is responsible for managing.

Schifflange
Schifflange (French pronunciation: [ʃiflɑ̃ʒ]; Luxembourgish: Schëffleng [ˈʃəfleŋ] ⓘ, German: Schifflingen [ˈʃɪflɪŋən]) is a commune and town in south-western Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette.

As of 2023, the commune has a population of 11,363.

Schifflange was formed on 15 August 1876, when it was detached from the commune of Esch-sur-Alzette.  The law forming Schifflange was passed on the 6 July 1876.
Bayes
Bayes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Bayes (born 1978), American football player

Gilbert Bayes (1872–1953), British sculptor

Jasmine Bayes, British actress

Jessie Bayes (1876–1970), British artist

Joshua Bayes (1671–1746), English nonconformist minister and father of Thomas

Nora Bayes (1880–1928), American singer and actress

Paul Bayes (born 1953), Bishop in the Church of England

Thomas Bayes (1702–1761), British mathematician, statistician and religious leader

Walter Bayes (1869–1956), British painter

Nora Bayes
Nora Bayes (born Rachel Eleonora "Dora" Goldberg; October 3, 1880 – March 19, 1928) was an American singer and vaudeville performer who was popular internationally between the 1900s and 1920s. She is credited with co-writing the song "Shine On, Harvest Moon" and performed many successful songs during the First World War, including "Over There". She was also noted for her independent views and unconventional private life, becoming an early media celebrity. She made over 160 recordings.
Fowler Islands
The Fowler Islands (66°25′S 66°26′W﻿ / ﻿66.417°S 66.433°W﻿ / -66.417; -66.433) are a group of small islands lying between the Bernal Islands and the Bragg Islands in Crystal Sound, off the coast of Antarctica. They were mapped from air photos obtained by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (1947–48) and the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57), and from surveys by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (1958–59). They were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Sir Ralph H. Fowler (1889–1944), an English physicist, joint author with J.D. Bernal of a classic paper in 1933 on the structure of ice which suggested the location of the hydrogen atoms now known as the ice rules.

J. D. Bernal
John Desmond Bernal FRS (/bərˈnɑːl/; 10 May 1901 – 15 September 1971) was an Irish scientist who pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography in molecular biology. He published extensively on the history of science. In addition, Bernal wrote popular books on science and society. He was a communist activist and a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).
4th Landwehr Division (German Empire)
The 4th Landwehr Division (4. Landwehr-Division) was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I.  It was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the "Higher Landwehr Commander 4" (Höherer Landwehr-Kommandeur 4).  The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army, after the regular Army and the reserves.  Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers who had passed from the reserves, and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather than heavy combat.  The division was primarily raised in the Prussian provinces of Upper and Lower Silesia.  It was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.

Landwehr
Landwehr (German pronunciation: [ˈlantˌveːɐ] ⓘ), or Landeswehr, is a German language term used in referring to certain national armies, or militias found in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. In different context it refers to large-scale, low-strength fortifications. In German, the word means "defence of the country"; but the term as applied to an insurrectional militia is very ancient, and lantveri are mentioned in Baluzii Capitularia, as quoted in Henry Hallam's Middle Ages, i. 262, 10th edition.
Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus
The Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (commonly abbreviated STEDT) was a linguistics research project hosted at the University of California at Berkeley. The project, which focused on Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics, started in 1987 and lasted until 2015.

James Matisoff was the director of STEDT for nearly three decades.

The Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area journal, now published by Benjamins Pub. Co., was also part of the STEDT project. In addition, the International Conferences on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics (ICSTLL) were mostly organized by STEDT project members since the 1990s.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
The Goya Murders
The Goya Murders (Spanish: El asesino de los caprichos) is a 2019 Spanish-Belgian crime thriller film directed by Gerardo Herrero and written by Ángela Armero which stars Maribel Verdú and Aura Garrido alongside Roberto Álamo, Ginés García-Millán, Daniel Grao and Ruth Gabriel.

Daniel Grao
Daniel Grao Valle (born 17 February 1976) is a Spanish actor. He is known for his performances in television series such as Luna, el misterio de Calenda or Sin identidad, or his lead role in the biopic miniseries about Mario Conde.
Rainbow (1944 film)
Rainbow (Russian: «Радуга», romanized: Raduga), is a 1944 Soviet World War II film directed by Mark Donskoy and written by Wanda Wasilewska based on her novel, Tęcza. The film depicts life in a German-occupied village in Ukraine from the viewpoint of the terrorized villagers.

Wanda Wasilewska
Wanda Wasilewska (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvanda vaɕiˈlɛfska]), also known by her Russian name Vanda Lvovna Vasilevskaya (Russian: Ва́нда Льво́вна Василе́вская) (21 January 1905 – 29 July 1964), was a Polish and Soviet novelist and journalist and a left-wing political activist.

She was a socialist who became a devoted communist. She fled the German attack on Warsaw in September 1939 and took up residence in Soviet-occupied Lviv and eventually in the Soviet Union.

She was a founding member of the Union of Polish Patriots and played an important role in the creation of the 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division. The division developed into the Polish People's Army and fought on the Eastern Front during World War II.

Wasilewska was a trusted consultant to Joseph Stalin, and her influence was essential to the establishment of the Polish Committee of National Liberation in July 1944 and to the formation of the Polish People's Republic.