hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Russell (rugby union)
Richard Forbes Russell (5 April 1879 – 30 May 1960) was a rugby union forward who played 122 times for Leicester Tigers between 1903 and 1913 scoring 28 tries, 26 conversions and 7 penalties for 157 points.  Russell made his Leicester debut against Devonport Albion on 19 September 1903 and quickly established himself in the side playing 29 times that season.  Russell was a try scorer as Tigers won the Midlands Counties Cup in 1904 and also played in the 1905 cup winning side, during the 1904/05 season Russell was the club's top scorer with 57 points.  Russell captained the club in the 1906/7 and 1907/8 seasons before his work as a school teacher took him to Cork.  Russell played a further, his final, game for Tigers in 1913.

Russell made his international debut for England on 2 December 1905 in England's first international against New Zealand at Crystal Palace. It was his only cap for England.

Crystal Palace National Sports Centre
The National Sports Centre at Crystal Palace in south London, England is a large sports centre and outdoor athletics stadium. It was opened in 1964 in Crystal Palace Park, close to the site of the former Crystal Palace Exhibition building which had been destroyed by fire in 1936, and is on the same site as the former FA Cup Final venue which was used here between 1895 and 1914.

It was one of the five National Sports Centres, run on behalf of Sport England, but responsibility was transferred to the London Development Agency (now GLA Land and Property) and is managed by Greenwich Leisure Limited, under their Better brand logo.

The athletics stadium has a capacity of 15,500, which can be increased to 24,000 with temporary seating. It has hosted international athletics meetings in the past.

As well as sporting events, the stadium has played host to a number of live open air concerts, by artists such as Coldplay, Bruce Springsteen, Sex Pistols and Depeche Mode.
Mumias Constituency
Mumias Constituency was an electoral constituency in Kenya. It was one of four constituencies in the former Butere/Mumias District. The constituency was established for the 1966 elections. It was later divided into Mumias West Constituency and Mumias East Constituency and Matungu Constituency part of Kakamega County.

Constituencies of Kenya
The constituencies of Kenya are used to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of the Kenyan Parliament. In accordance with Article 89 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya, there are 290 constituencies, based on a formula where these constituencies were to be delineated based on population numbers. Each constituency returns one Member of National Assembly. The constituencies are further divided into electoral wards.
Schwäbisch Gmünd
Schwäbisch Gmünd (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvɛːbɪʃ ˈɡmʏnt] ⓘ, until 1934: Gmünd; Swabian: Gmẽẽd or Gmend) is a city in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. With a population of around 60,000, the city is the second largest in the Ostalb district and the whole East Württemberg region after Aalen. The city is a Große Kreisstadt since 1956, i.e. a chief city under district administration; it was the administrative capital of its own rural district until the local government reorganisation on 1 January 1973.

There are some institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the Pädagogische Hochschule Schwäbisch Gmünd (University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd) and the Landesgymnasium für Hochbegabte (State Highschool for gifted children).

Schwäbisch Gmünd was a self-ruling free imperial city from the 13th century until its annexation to Württemberg in 1802.

Große Kreisstadt
Große Kreisstadt (German: [ˈɡʁoːsə ˈkʁaɪsˌʃtat], "major district town") is a term in the municipal law (Gemeindeordnung) of several German states. In some federal states the term is used as a special legal status for a district-affiliated town—as distinct from an independent city—with additional competences in comparison with other municipalities of the district. The title is based on sovereign conferment by the state government.
USS Proserpine
USS Proserpine (ARL-21) was one of 39 Achelous-class landing craft repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Proserpine (a Latinized form of Persephone, from Greek mythology; the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, abducted by Hades (Pluto) and made his wife), she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

Originally laid down as LST–1116 by the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company 2 October 1944; launched 28 December 1944; and commissioned 9 January 1945. After drydocking in Mobile, Alabama LST–1116 commenced shakedown in St. Andrews Bay, Florida 31 January 1945. She then decommissioned 15 February at Gibbs Gas Engine Company of Jacksonville, Florida underwent conversion, and recommissioned as USS Proserpine (ARL–21), a landing craft repair ship, 31 May 1945.

St. Andrews Bay (Florida)
30°09′08″N 85°41′28″W﻿ / ﻿30.15222°N 85.69111°W﻿ / 30.15222; -85.69111

St. Andrew Bay, colloquially called "St. Andrews Bay", is a bay located in Bay County in the panhandle of Florida. It is a 69,000-acre estuary located in northwest Florida. It is relatively deep, and of relatively high salinity due to the low freshwater inflow provided by only a few spring-fed creeks (the most significant being Econfina Creek, fed by Wiliford and Pitts Springs).  The bay is named for Saint Andrew. Panama City, the county seat of Bay County, is located on the bay.  The Atlanta & St. Andrews Bay Railway, which ran from Panama City to Dothan, Alabama (and still exists as a smaller short line), was also named for the bay.
Táchira State Anthem
The anthem of the Táchira State, Venezuela, was written by Ramón Eugenio Vargas; the music was composed by Miguel Ángel Espinel. It was adopted in 1912, after a contest promoted by the regional government. The current anthem is the third made for the state.

Táchira
Táchira State (Spanish: Estado Táchira, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈtatʃiɾa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is San Cristóbal.

Táchira State covers a total surface area of 11,100 square kilometres (4,300 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,168,908. At the end of the 19th century, Táchira State was where oil was discovered in Venezuela. Currently, its main economic revenues come from the production of coffee and pineapple. The cattle and agricultural activities play an important role in Táchira's economy. There is also a strong industrial sector which focuses on the processing of potato, sugar, milk, and cheese and the production of textiles.

Táchira State is one of the three Venezuelan Andean states (the other two are Mérida and Trujillo). This state borders Zulia State to the north, Barinas and Mérida States to the east, Apure and Barinas States to the south, and Colombia (Norte de Santander Department) to the west.
C character classification
C character classification is a group of operations in the C standard library that test a character for membership in a particular class of characters, such as  alphabetic characters or control characters. Both single-byte and wide characters are supported.

Character (computing)
In computing and telecommunications, a character is the encoded representation of a natural language character (including letter, numeral and punctuation), whitespace (space or tab), or a control character (controls computer hardware that consumes character-based data). A sequence of characters is called a string.

Some character encoding systems represent each character using a fixed number of bits whereas other systems use varying sizes. Various fixed-length sizes were used for now obsolete systems such as the six-bit character code, the five-bit Baudot code and even 4-bit systems (with only 16 possible values). The more modern ASCII system uses the 8-bit byte for each character. Today, the Unicode-based UTF-8 encoding uses a varying number of byte-sized code units to define a code point which combine to encode a character.
Off Bloom
Off Bloom is a Danish-British trio of producers; Alex Flockhart, Mads Christensen, and Mette Mortensen (also on vocals). They formed in Copenhagen in 2015 and began producing music between apartments in Bethnal Green in London and a studio in Copenhagen .
They have collaborated with other artists such as Liss, Kill J, and Vera, as well as photographer Lasse Dearman and visual designer Magnus Pind Bjerre. Their music has been described as "deconstructed pop at its best."

Liss (band)
Liss was a Danish pop band. Formed in 2014 in Aarhus, the group consisted of Søren Holm (lead vocals), Vilhelm Strange (guitar), Villads Tyrrestrup (bass and backing vocals), and Tobias Laust (drums). The band released its debut song, "Try", in early 2015, and received attention in the international indie music industry, signing with Danish indie label Escho and British XL Recordings that year. They released their debut EP, First, in May 2016, followed by EPs Second in 2019 and Third in 2020. The band was plagued by Søren Holm's issues with mental illness, and he died by suicide on 25 May 2021. Their debut album, I Guess Nothing Will Be The Same, recorded in 2020, was released in June 2022. In 2025, Danish newspaper Politiken ranked "Try" as the 91st-best Danish pop song of all time.
Farhad Darya
Farhad Darya (Pashto/Dari: فرهاد دریا; born 22 September 1962) is an Afghan singer, composer, music producer, and philanthropist. Active since the 1980s, Darya has been one of the most renowned and influential Afghan pop musicians of the modern era, contributing to establishing new wave in Afghanistan and blending urban and rural styles. Darya's career has spanned multiple genres - including semi-classical ghazal, pop, folk, and rock - as well as both his native languages Dari Persian and Pashto as well as Uzbek, Hindi and English.

Outside his music career, Darya is a philanthropist and campaigner for human rights, having served as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) National Goodwill Ambassador for Afghanistan, and is involved in numerous charitable organizations, such as Music Village and others.

Radio Afghanistan
Radio Afghanistan, also known as Radio Kabul or Voice of Sharia, is the public radio station of Afghanistan, owned by Radio Television Afghanistan. The frequencies are 1107 kHz (AM) and 105.2 MHz (FM) for the Kabul area. The name Radio Kabul has been given to many different incarnations of the state-run radio station since the first radio transmitters were installed in Kabul in the 1920s.
Bygdeposten
Bygdeposten is a Norwegian newspaper established in 1954, published in Vikersund, Norway, and owned by A-pressen. Its first editor was Jørgen Bergo. The newspaper covers the municipalities of Modum, Sigdal, Krødsherad and Øvre Eiker.

Øvre Eiker
Øvre Eiker is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Eiker.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hokksund.  The old municipality of Eiker was divided into Øvre Eiker (upper Eiker) and Nedre Eiker (lower) on 1 July 1885.

As of 2015, more employees worked for the [municipal] government and in the service sector, than in any other field of employment; even fewer—16 %—are employed in construction or in [electrical] power companies and water companies; [13%] work in the manufacturing sector.
Little River (Oconee County, South Carolina)
The Little River originally flowed 27.0 miles (43.5 km) from its headwaters in northern Oconee County, South Carolina near Salem into the Keowee River northeast of Seneca.

The Little River was dammed at Newry, South Carolina in the 1890s to power the Newry Mill of the Courtenay Manufacturing Company.

In the early 1960s, the lower part of the Little River was flooded by the Lake Hartwell reservoir. In the early 1970s, the Little River Dam was built upstream of Newry as one of two dams to form Lake Keowee. The upstream portion of the Little River remains free flowing.

The Little River was in the heart of the Cherokee Lower Towns region.  Several Cherokee towns were located along the river.

Lake Hartwell
Lake Hartwell is a man-made reservoir bordering Georgia and South Carolina and encompassing parts of the Savannah, Tugaloo, and Seneca Rivers. Lake Hartwell is one of the largest recreation lakes in the Southeastern United States. It was created by the construction of the Hartwell Dam, completed in 1962 and located on the Savannah River seven miles (11 km) below the point where the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers join to form the Savannah. Extending 49 miles (79 km) up the Tugaloo and 45 miles (72 km) up the Seneca at normal pool elevation, the lake comprises nearly 56,000 acres (230 km2) of water with a shoreline of 962 miles (1,548 km). The entire Hartwell reservoir project contains 76,450 acres (309.4 km2) of land and water. Interstate highway 85 bisects Lake Hartwell, making the area easily accessible to visitors.
The Debut (2000 film)
The Debut is a 2000 coming-of-age comedy-drama film directed and co-written by Gene Cajayon in his directorial debut. Incorporated themes of Philippine culture, struggling with heritage identity and racism, the title of the film refers to the traditional coming-of-age ceremony accompanying a young woman’s 18th birthday.

A co-production of United States and Philippines, The Debut is the first film for an independent Hollywood film production (also known as Indiewood) to be written or directed by a Filipino-American and to take place or depicted within the Filipino-American community, and the first film to be produced with a Filipino film production GMA Films.

The film grossed $1.745 million in limited theatrical release in the United States.

GMA Pictures
GMA Network Films Inc., doing business as GMA Pictures (formerly Cinemax Studios and GMA Films), is a Philippine film, television production and distribution company based in Diliman, Quezon City. It is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, Viva Films and Regal Entertainment. Its notable films include Sa Pusod ng Dagat (1998), José Rizal (1998), Muro-Ami (1999), Deathrow (2000), Let the Love Begin (2005), Moments of Love (2006), Ouija (2007), Firefly (2023), and Green Bones (2024).
America by Heart
America by Heart: Reflections on Family, Faith, and Flag is the second book by Sarah Palin. It was released on November 23, 2010, and has been described as containing selections from Palin's favorite speeches, sermons, and inspirational works, as well as vignettes about Americans she met in the fall of 2009 while on her book tour for Going Rogue: An American Life. One million copies were printed for the first run, and a digital edition has been available since the release. She embarked on a 16-city book tour in America's "heartland" that began on November 23, 2010. The book made number two on The New York Times Best Seller list during its second week of release. America by Heart was the fifth best-selling nonfiction book of 2010, according to Publishers Weekly, with 797,955 copies sold.

Vignette (literature)
A vignette (/vɪn.ˈjɛt/ ⓘ, also /viːn.-/) is a French loanword expressing a short and descriptive piece of writing that captures a brief period in time. Vignettes are more focused on vivid imagery and meaning rather than plot. Vignettes can be stand-alone, but they are more commonly part of a larger narrative, such as vignettes found in novels or collections of short stories.
Little Loyalsock Creek
Little Loyalsock Creek is the major tributary of Loyalsock Creek in Lycoming and Sullivan counties, Pennsylvania, United States. The creek is 19.3 miles (31.1 km) long. Via Loyalsock Creek and the West Branch Susquehanna River, it is part of the Susquehanna River drainage basin, and waters from it flow ultimately into the Chesapeake Bay.

Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lycoming County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 114,188. Its county seat is Williamsport. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.

Lycoming County comprises the Williamsport metropolitan statistical area.

About 130 miles (210 km) northwest of Philadelphia and 165 miles (270 km) east-northeast of Pittsburgh, Lycoming is Pennsylvania's largest county by land area.
Dhuseni, Lamjung
Dhuseni is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1384 people living in 267 individual households.

Lamjung District
Lamjung District (Nepali: लमजुङ जिल्ला [ˈlʌmd͡zuŋ] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Besisahar as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,692 square kilometres (653 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 167,724.  lies in the mid-hills of Nepal spanning tropical to trans-Himalayan geo-ecological belts, including the geographical midpoint of the country (i.e., Duipipal). It has mixed habitation of castes and ethnicities. It is host to probably the highest density of the Gurung ethnic population in the country.

Popular Media in Lamjung Includes Mero Lamjung, Radio Chautari, Aantaranga Saptahik, Radio Marsyangdi,Radio Lamjung, etc.
The Bad Boy (film)
The Bad Boy is a lost 1917 American silent crime drama film directed by Chester Withey and starring Robert Harron, Richard Cummings, and Mildred Harris. The film marks the debut of Colleen Moore, who plays a supporting role in the film.

Mildred Harris
Mildred Harris (November 29, 1901 – July 20, 1944) was an American stage, film, and vaudeville actress during the early part of the 20th century. She began her career in the film industry as a child actress at age 10. She was also the first wife of Charlie Chaplin.
Rupperswil railway station
Rupperswil railway station (German: Bahnhof Rupperswil) is a railway station in the municipality of Rupperswil, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is an intermediate stop on the Baden–Aarau and Heitersberg lines and the northern terminus of the Rupperswil–Immensee line.

Heitersberg railway line
The Heitersberg railway line (Heitersbergstrecke) is a Swiss railway line between the stations of Killwangen-Spreitenbach and Aarau on the east-west main line between Zürich and Bern. The main structure of the line is the 4,929-metre-long (3.063 mi) Heitersberg Tunnel, which has its west portal near Mellingen  and its east portal near Killwangen.

The line was built in the 1970s as part of the planned New Main Transversal (Neue Haupttransversale, NHT) project. It was opened on 1 June 1975 and handed over for scheduled operations on 22 May 1975.
Horwood (surname)
Horwood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alec Horwood (1914–1944), British Army officer and Victoria Cross recipient

Bonnie Horwood (born 1987), English women's footballer

Charles Horwood (1839–1870), English cricketer

Edgar Lewis Horwood (1868–1957), Canadian architect

Evan Horwood (born 1986), English footballer

Harold Horwood (1923–2006), Canadian writer and politician

Joel Horwood, English playwright

John Horwood (1803–1821)

Martin Horwood (born 1962), British politician

Neil Horwood (born 1964), Scottish footballer

Owen Horwood (1916–1998), South African politician

Ray Horwood (1927–2009), Australian rules footballer

Richard Horwood (1757/8–1803), English surveyor and cartographer

Stanley Horwood (1877–1959), South African cricketer

William Horwood (disambiguation), multiple people

Evan Horwood
Evan David Horwood (born 10 March 1986) is an English professional footballer who played as a defender for Northern Premier League Division One East side Consett.

Coming through the youth academy at Sheffield United, he played professionally for Stockport County, Scunthorpe United, York City, Chester City, Darlington, Gretna, Carlisle United,  Hartlepool United, Tranmere Rovers, Northampton Town and Grimsby Town. He wound his final years in the sport playing in the Cymru Premier for Bala Town and for non-league sides Whitby Town and West Auckland Town.
Harttia fowleri
Harttia fowleri is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armored suckermouth catfishes. This catfish is endemic to the Oyapock River basin of Amapá, Brazil, and French Guiana.  H. fowleri is a poorly known species that was caught in rapids along with Metaloricaria paucidens.  This species grows to a standard length of 22.2 cm (8.7 in).

Harttia fowleri has a specific name which honors the American ichthyologist Henry Weed Fowler, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Expanding bullet
Expanding bullets, also known colloquially as dumdum bullets, are projectiles designed to expand on impact. This causes the bullet to increase in diameter, to combat over-penetration and produce a larger wound, thus dealing more damage to a living target. For this reason, they are used for hunting and by police departments, but are generally prohibited for use in war. Two typical designs are the hollow-point bullet and the soft-point bullet.

Terminal ballistics
Terminal ballistics is a sub-field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target. This field is usually cited in forensic ballistics.

Bullet design (as well as the velocity of impact) largely determines the effectiveness of penetration.
Harry Bateman
Harry Bateman FRS (29 May 1882 – 21 January 1946) was an English mathematician with a specialty in differential equations of mathematical physics. With Ebenezer Cunningham, he expanded the views of spacetime symmetry of Lorentz and Poincare to a more expansive conformal group of spacetime leaving Maxwell's equations invariant. Moving to the US, he obtained a Ph.D. in geometry with Frank Morley and became a professor of mathematics at California Institute of Technology. There he taught fluid dynamics to students going into aerodynamics with Theodore von Karman. Bateman made a broad survey of applied differential equations in his Gibbs Lecture in 1943 titled, "The control of an elastic fluid".

Coronary thrombosis
Coronary thrombosis is defined as the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel of the heart. This blood clot may then restrict blood flow within the heart, leading to heart tissue damage, or a myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack.

Coronary thrombosis is most commonly caused as a downstream effect of atherosclerosis, a buildup of cholesterol and fats in the artery walls. The smaller vessel diameter allows less blood to flow and facilitates progression to a myocardial infarction. Leading risk factors for coronary thrombosis are high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension.

Symptoms of coronary thrombosis are not always evident at the start. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and discomfort in the upper body.

A coronary thrombosis is a medical emergency (life threatening) and requires emergency care at a hospital.
Holmlund
Holmlund is a Swedish-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Holmlund, Swedish ski cross athlete

Anne Holmlund, Finnish politician

Bertil Holmlund (1947–2025), Swedish economist

Richard Holmlund, Swedish football manager

Richard Holmlund
Richard Holmlund (26 October 1963 – 5 October 2011) was a Swedish football manager. He was the manager of Umeå IK in the early 2000s and KIF Örebro in 2010.

He won the UEFA Women's Cup in 2003, the Swedish championship in 2000, 2001 and 2002 and the Swedish Cup in 2001, 2002 and 2010.

He died in a car crash near Örebro in early-October 2011.