hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Harper
Adam Harper is a mathematician specialising in number theory, particularly in analytic, combinatorial and probabilistic number theory. He is currently a professor at the University of Warwick, England. Harper was awarded the SASTRA Ramanujan Prize in 2019 "for several outstanding contributions to analytic and probabilistic number theory."

"Harper's research, both individually and in collaboration, covers the theory of the Riemann zeta function, random multiplicative functions, S-unit equations, smooth numbers, the large sieve, and the recent highly innovative "pretentious" approach to number theory. In establishing these results, he has shown mastery over probabilistic methods which he has used with remarkable effect in analytic number theory."

Probabilistic number theory
In mathematics, Probabilistic number theory is a subfield of number theory, which explicitly uses probability to answer questions about the integers and integer-valued functions. One basic idea underlying it is that different prime numbers are, in some serious sense, like independent random variables. This however is not an idea that has a unique useful formal expression.

The founders of the theory were Paul Erdős, Aurel Wintner and Mark Kac during the 1930s, one of the periods of investigation in analytic number theory. Foundational results include the Erdős–Wintner theorem, the Erdős–Kac theorem on additive functions and the DDT theorem.
Seirogan
Seirogan (Japanese: 正露丸, formerly 征露丸) is a pharmaceutical drug marketed in Japan as a treatment for the digestive tract (especially as an antidiarrhoeal), whose main active ingredient is "wood creosote" (also wood-tar creosote, or beechwood creosote).

The name is nominally a registered trademark of Taiko Pharmaceutical (大幸薬品, Taikō Yakuhin) based in Suita, Osaka which is still the major market-share holder, but the enforceability of the tradename has been voided by the Supreme Court of Japan, which ruled seirogan to be a common generic name. The ruling only recognizes proprietary use of the bugle logo by Taiko, but not protection of its characteristic packaging. As a result, dozens of extremely similar packaged drugs are being manufactured and sold in the market.

Suita
Suita (吹田市, Suita-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 381,238 in 182,636 households, and a population density of 11,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 36.09 square kilometres (13.93 sq mi). It is a suburb of Osaka City and a part of the Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe metropolitan area.
1996 PBA All-Star Weekend
The 1996 PBA All-Star Weekend is the annual all-star weekend of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The All-Star Fans Day was held on July 26 at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City while the All-Star Game was held on July 28 at the Cuneta Astrodome in Pasay.

Araneta Coliseum
The Araneta Coliseum, also currently known by naming rights sponsorship as Smart Araneta Coliseum, is an indoor multi-purpose sports arena that is part of the Araneta City in the Cubao area of Quezon City, Philippines. Nicknamed "the Big Dome", it is one of the largest indoor arenas in Asia, and one of the largest clear span domes in the world. The dome measures approximately 108.0 meters (354.3 ft) making it the largest dome in Asia from its opening in 1960 until 2001 when it was surpassed by the Ōita Stadium in Japan with a dome measuring 274.0 meters (899.0 ft).

The Smart Araneta Coliseum is mostly used for indoor sports such as basketball. It is a main venue of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The Big Dome is also used for other sports and events such as boxing, cockfighting, local and international concerts, circuses, religious gatherings, and beauty pageants.
Erymanthos (river)
The Erymanthos (Greek: Ερύμανθος, Latin: Erymanthus) is a river in the western part of the Peloponnese in Greece. Its source is on the southern slope of Mount Erymanthos, near the village of Agrampela, Achaea. It flows towards the south through a rocky landscape and receives several small tributaries. The river flows into an area rich in pine trees and passes several small mountain villages including Tripotama. Beyond Tripotama it forms the border between Elis and Arcadia. It flows east of the Foloi oak forest. The river empties into the Alfeios 5 km west of the Ladon) confluence, near the village Tripotamia.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
Angelo Zorzi
Angelo Zorzi (May 4, 1890 – December 28, 1974) was an Italian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Milan.

He was part of the Italian team that won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, European system event in 1912 and 1920. In 1920 he finished 16th in the individual all-around event.

Gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic individual all-around
The men's artistic individual all-around was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event. The competition was held on Wednesday, 25 August 1920. 25 gymnasts from seven nations competed. Nations had been limited to 6 gymnasts each since 1912. The event was won by Giorgio Zampori of Italy, the nation's third consecutive victory in the men's individual all-around. France's Marco Torrès took silver and Jean Gounot earned bronze, stretching the French podium streak to three Games as well.

The gymnastics programme in 1920, just as in 1912, featured an individual all-around and three different team events. The individual all-around scores were not used for the team events. No separate apparatus competitions were held.
Cherie Kagan
Cherie R. Kagan (b. 1969, Manhasset, New York) is the Stephen J. Angello Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, and Professor of Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania. Kagan is an Associate Editor of ACS Nano and serves on the editorial boards of Nano Letters and NanoToday.

ACS Nano
ACS Nano is a monthly, peer-reviewed, scientific journal, first published in August 2007 by the American Chemical Society with the current impact factor 15.8. The current editor in chief is Xiaodong Chen (Nanyang Technological University). The journal publishes original research articles, reviews, perspectives, interviews with distinguished researchers, and views on the future of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Zaouia Sidi Tahar
Zaouia Sidi Tahar is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9,511 people living in 1,571 households.

Souss-Massa-Drâa
Souss-Massa-Drâa (Arabic: سوس ماسة درعة) was formerly one of the sixteen regions of Morocco from 1997 to 2015. It covered an area of 70,880 km2 and had a population of 3,601,917 (2014 census). The capital is Agadir. One of the major languages spoken in this region of Morocco is tasoussit variant of Tashelhit.
Clarius
Clarius can refer to:

Apollo, Greek and Roman God
also known as Apollo Clarius, see Clarus

Clarius, a small stream in Cyprus which ran near the town of Aepeia (Cyprus).

Clarius also means "more brightly" in Latin

Clarius or Pseudo-Clarius, monk once thought to be the author of the Chronicle of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif of Sens

Isidorus Clarius, religious scholar

Birgit Clarius, German heptathlete

Clarius, a planet in the Clyph star system of the Milky Way Galaxy in the Marvel Universe (see Features of the Marvel Universe)

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Janków, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Janków [ˈjankuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rokiciny, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Rokiciny, 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 30 km (19 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.
Kurt Harland
Kurt Harland  is an American singer, songwriter, and audio engineer. He is the lead singer of Information Society. He also works on video game scores, including two of the soundtracks for the Legacy of Kain video game series (Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver and Soul Reaver 2 in collaboration with Jim Hedges).

Ballz
Ballz 3D (originally subtitled Fighting at Its Ballziest in North America and The Battle of the Balls in Europe) is a 1994 fighting game developed by PF.Magic and published by Accolade for the Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo Entertainment System, with a 3DO version being released as a director's cut in 1995. The game offers three difficulty levels over a total of 21 matches. Its distinguishing quality was that each of the characters were composed completely of spheres, giving the game a pseudo-3D look. Although the game was not a major success, it was generally well-received by critics, and PF.Magic reused its graphics technology in the Petz line of virtual pet titles (Dogz, Catz and Oddballz).
Meremäe
Meremäe (also known as Mihailova, Mihailovo) is a village in Setomaa Parish, Võru County, southeastern Estonia. The biggest settlements nearby include Vastseliina (10 km (6 mi) west), town of Võru (29 km (18 mi) northwest) and Russian town Pechory (11 km (7 mi) northeast). As of the 2011 census, the village's population was 146.

There are primary school, library and a society centre operating in Meremäe.

Meremäe is also home to archaeological monument no. 13598, Uusvada ludimägi.

Vastseliina
Vastseliina (Võro: Vahtsõliina; German: Neuhausen) is a small borough (alevik) in Võru Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia.
Vastseliina was the center of Vastseliina raion from 1950 to 1959.
Vastseliina is the birthplace of wrestler and 1924 Olympic Gold Medalist Eduard Pütsep and writer and lawyer Uido Truija.
Matour
Matour (French pronunciation: [matuʁ]) is a commune in the department of Saône-et-Loire in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. Its territory is classified Natura 2000. The commune is located in a zone de revitalisation rurale (fragile municipality with some tax assistance).

Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ]; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saône-et-Loire's prefecture is Mâcon, with subprefectures in Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans. Its INSEE and postcode number is 71.
Popery Act
An Act to prevent the further Growth of Popery (2 Anne c. 6 (I); commonly known as the Popery Act or the Gavelkind Act) was an act of the Parliament of Ireland that was passed in 1704 designed to suppress Roman Catholicism in Ireland ("Popery"). William Edward Hartpole Lecky called it the most notorious of the Irish Penal Laws.

Inheritance in traditional Irish law used gavelkind, whereby an estate was divided equally among a dead man's sons. In contrast, English common law used male primogeniture, with the eldest son receiving the entire estate. The 1704 act enforced gavelkind for Catholics and primogeniture for Protestants.

Papists Act 1778
The Papists Act 1778 (18 Geo. 3. c. 60), also known as Sir George Savile's Act, the First Relief Act, or the Catholic Relief Act 1778 is an act of the Parliament of Great Britain and was the first act for Roman Catholic relief. Later in 1778 it was also enacted by the Parliament of Ireland as the Leases for Lives Act 1777 (17 & 18 Geo. 3. c. 49 (I)), also known as Gardiner's Act or the Catholic Relief Act 1777.

Before the act, a number of "Penal laws" had been enacted in Britain, which varied between the jurisdictions from time to time but effectively excluded those known to be Roman Catholics from public life. The timing of the act was partly based on the fact that the Papacy had stopped recognising the Jacobite cause on the death of the "Old Pretender" in 1766, and also the possibility that the ongoing American rebellion of 1775 might inspire a rebellion by Catholics in the Kingdom of Ireland.
Pathfinder (1987 film)
Pathfinder (original title in Sámi: Ofelaš; and in Norwegian: Veiviseren) is a 1987 Norwegian action-adventure film written and directed by Nils Gaup. It is based on an old Sámi legend.

It was the first full-length film in Sámi, and it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1988. The leading role was played by Mikkel Gaup as Aigin. Nils-Aslak Valkeapää played one of the parts as well as writing the music to the film, together with Kjetil Bjerkestrand and Marius Müller.

Kjetil Bjerkestrand
Kjetil Bjerkestrand (born 18 May 1955) is a Norwegian keyboardist, composer, arranger and record producer known as music arranger for artists like Ray Charles, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Keith Emerson, Ian Hunter, Jon Lord, Ute Lemper and a-ha. As a musician, he has participated in recordings with a-ha, Ray Charles, Ute Lemper, Ian Hunter, Dance with a Stranger, DumDum Boys, Jonas Fjeld Band, Marius Müller, TNT, Arve Tellefsen, Bobbysocks, Bjørn Eidsvåg, Carola Häggkvist and Dee Dee Bridgewater.
Lentyevo
Lentyevo (Russian: Лентьево) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Lentyevskoye Rural Settlement, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 444 as of 2002. There are 18 streets.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Hush (singer)
Chen Pin-he (Chinese: 陳品赫; born 15 January 1985), better known by his stage name HUSH, is a Taiwanese singer-songwriter.

He is formerly the vocalist of the Taiwanese band hush! He has worked with artists such as A-Lin, A-Mei, Lala Hsu and Stefanie Sun.

In 2021, he won Best Composer at the 32nd Golden Melody Awards for the song "AnHe" (安和). In 2022, he repeated the feat with "Shadow Song" (衣櫃歌手) at the 33rd Golden Melody Awards, becoming the second artist to win Best Composer for two consecutive years. In 2023, he won Best Male Mandarin Singer at the 34th Golden Melody Awards for his album Pleasing Myself (娛樂自己), becoming the first openly LGBT singer to win the award.

Golden Melody Award for Best Male Mandarin Singer
The Golden Melody Award for Best Male Mandarin Singer (Chinese: 金曲獎最佳華語男歌手獎) is an award given by the Ministry of Culture of Taiwan. It was first presented in 1990 as Best Male Singer.

The award has been won by Eason Chan and Johnny Yin the most times, with three wins. Wang Leehom is the artist with the most nominations with nine.
Universal testing machine
A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester, universal tensile machine, materials testing machine, materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength (pulling) and compressive strength (pushing), flexural strength, bending, shear, hardness, and torsion testing, providing valuable data for designing and ensuring the quality of materials.  An earlier name for a tensile testing machine is a tensometer.  The "universal" part of the name reflects that it can perform many standard tests application on materials, components, and structures (in other words, that it is versatile).

Flexural strength
Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test. The transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is bent until fracture or yielding using a three-point flexural test technique. The flexural strength represents the highest stress experienced within the material at its moment of yield. It is measured in terms of stress, here given the symbol .
Artemidorus of Tarsus
Artemidorus (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμίδωρος) of Tarsus was a grammarian of ancient Greece who lived around the 1st century BCE. He is mentioned by the geographer Strabo as one of the most distinguished persons of Tarsus.

It is not impossible that he may be the same as the one to whose grammatical or lexicographical works reference is made by the Scholiast on Aristophanes, though the work or works here referred to may also belong to Artemidorus Aristophanius.

He was the father of Theon of Alexandria.

Scholia
Scholia (sg.: scholium or scholion, from Ancient Greek: σχόλιον, "comment", "interpretation") are grammatical, critical, or explanatory comments – original or copied from prior commentaries – which are inserted in the margin of the manuscript of ancient authors, as glosses. One who writes scholia is a scholiast. The earliest attested use of the word dates to the 1st century BC.
MK II FPA
The MK II Method is one of the software sizing methods in functional point group of measurements. This is a method for analysis and measurement of information processing applications based on end user functional view of the system. The MK II Method (ISO/IEC 20968 Software engineering—Mk II Function Point Analysis—Counting Practices Manual) is one of five currently recognized ISO standards for Functionally sizing software.

End user
In product development, an end user is a person who ultimately uses or is intended to ultimately use a product. The end user stands in contrast to users who support or maintain the product, such as sysops, system administrators, database administrators, information technology (IT) experts, software professionals, and computer technicians. End users typically do not possess the technical understanding or skill of the product designers, a fact easily overlooked and forgotten by designers: leading to features creating low customer satisfaction. In information technology, end users are not customers in the usual sense—they are typically employees of the customer. For example, if a large retail corporation buys a software package for its employees to use, even though the large retail corporation was the customer that purchased the software, the end users are the employees of the company, who will use the software at work.
Do It for the Fans
Do It for the Fans is Dok2's latest mixtape which was released on November 15, 2011. This mixtape was released under Dok2's own independent Korean hip hop label, Illionaire Records, which he formed with Beenzino and The Quiett.

Dok2
Lee Joon-kyung (Korean: 이준경; born March 28, 1990) better known by his stage name Dok2 (Korean: 도끼, pronounced as Dokki), is a South Korean rapper, record producer and co-founder of now-defunct Illionaire Records.
Little Bear River (Utah)
41°30′15″N 111°48′54″W﻿ / ﻿41.50417°N 111.81500°W﻿ / 41.50417; -111.81500
The Little Bear River is a 36.4-mile-long (58.6 km) tributary of the Bear River in northern Utah in the United States. It rises in the mountains east of Brigham City, where three forks (West, South, and East) join at Avon, then flows north to Paradise. At Paradise, it spills out into the broad flats of Cache Valley, passing north by Hyrum, where it is impounded by the Hyrum Reservoir, then meandering generally west by Wellsville. It meanders north again, receiving the Logan River in the Cutler Marsh and eventually draining into the Bear River. However, the junction is now submerged by the Cutler Reservoir.

Avon, Utah
Avon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cache County, Utah, United States. The population was 390 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Logan, Utah-Idaho (partial) Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Avon is the birthplace of Reuben D. Law, first president of the Church College of Hawaii, later renamed Brigham Young University–Hawaii.
Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals
The Grant Government Medical College is a public medical college located in Mumbai, India. It is affiliated to the Maharashtra University of Health Sciences. Founded in 1845, it is one of the oldest medical colleges in South Asia. Its clinical affiliate is Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, a conglomerate of four hospitals in South Mumbai including Sir J.J. Hospital, St George Hospital, Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital and Cama and Albless Hospital.

Atmaram Pandurang
Atmaram Pandurang or Atmaram Pandurang Turkhudkar (or just Turkhud in English publications) (1823 – 26 April 1898) was an Indian physician and social reformer who founded the Prarthana Samaj and was one of the two Indian co-founders (the other being Sakharam Arjun) of the Bombay Natural History Society. A graduate of Grant Medical College, he was a brother of Dadoba Pandurang (9 May 1814 – 17 October 1882), a scholar of Sanskrit and Marathi. Atmaram Pandurang served briefly as Sheriff of Bombay in 1879.
Church Street, Bengaluru
Church Street is a busy street in the Central Business District of Bengaluru, India. It is a 750-metre stretch from Brigade Road to St. Mark's Road, running parallel to M G Road. The street is named for St. Mark's Cathedral to which it leads.

A tourist hotspot, Church Street is a major shopping and nightlife area. It is also a popular New Year's Eve celebration centre.

In 2017, redevelopment work began on Church Street at a cost of ₹9 crore, which made it the first street in the city to be paved from granite cobblestones. The cobblestones were laid in a Kasuti pattern to reflect Karnataka's cultural heritage.

In 2020, Church Street ran a pilot project called Clean Air Street during which the street was converted into a pedestrian zone with a complete ban on automobile traffic.

Cobblestone
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring rounded forms less uniform in size.

It has been used across various cultures for millennia, particularly in Europe, and became especially prominent during the medieval and early modern periods. Today, cobblestone streets are often associated with historic preservation and are used in many cities to maintain the historical character of certain neighborhoods.