hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Esmaeilius sophiae
Esmaeilius sophiae, the Soffia toothcarp, is a species of killifish belonging to the family Aphaniidae. It is native to Iran and Iraq which includes the Kor River basin of the Fars province in Iran, Namak lake and Tigris River basin. They are one of the subclades of the Inland and Inland-related Aphanius Species (IIRAS) and they are part of the richest of the 3 subclades. They can be found in freshwater but also occur in saline water.

Namak Lake
Namak Lake (Persian: دریاچه نمک, romanized: Daryâče-ye Namak, i.e., salt lake) is a salt lake in Iran on the Western edge of the Great Salt Desert (Dasht-e Kavir). It is located approximately 100 km (62 mi) east of the city of Qom and 60 km (37 mi) of Aran va bidgol at an elevation of 790 metres (2,590 ft) above sea level.

The lake has a surface area of about 1,800 km2 (690 sq mi), but most of this is dry.  Water only covers 1 km2 (0.4 sq mi). The lake only reaches a depth between 45 centimetres (17.72 in) to 1 metre (39.37 in).
Darchula District
Darchula District (Nepali: दार्चुला जिल्ला pronounced [ˈdaɾt͡sula] ⓘ) is one of the nine districts of Sudurpashchim Province, and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The area, with Khalanga (Mahakali Municipality) as its capital, covers an area of 2,782.28 km2 (1,074.24 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 133,274. Darchula lies in the west-north corner of the country.

Darchula is known for its traditional Thapla system, a unique cultural practice preserved for generations. Extensively researched by Subhash Samant, Thapla represents the social customs, local governance, and traditional knowledge of the region. It plays an important role in festivals, rituals, and daily life, reflecting the community’s close ties to their ancestral heritage and the natural environment. Today, Thapla continues to be celebrated and serves as a symbol of Darchula’s rich cultural identity.

Api Nampa Conservation Area
The Api-Nampa Conservation Area is a protected area in the western Nepal that was established in 2010. It has an area of 1,903 km2 (735 sq mi).
It ranges in elevation from 518 to 7,132 m (1,699 to 23,399 ft) at the Himalayan peak Api and is part of the Kailash Sacred Landscape.

Named after the two peaks Api and Nampa, it was established to conserve the unique biodiversity and cultural heritage of the area. It is inhabited by 54,358 people living in 8966 households.

A grasslands plateau is at the center of the area. It is intermixed with various forest types.
Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry
Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, commonly referred to by chemists as the Blue Book, is a collection of recommendations on organic chemical nomenclature published at irregular intervals by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). A full edition was published in 1979, an abridged and updated version of which was published in 1993 as A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. Both of these are now out-of-print in their paper versions, but are available free of charge in electronic versions. After the release of a draft version for public comment in 2004 and the publication of several revised sections in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry, a fully revised edition was published in print in 2013 and its online version is also available.

Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure and Applied Chemistry is the official journal for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published monthly by Walter de Gruyter and contains recommendations and reports, and lectures from symposia.
Amy Burkhard Evans
Amy Burkhard Evans is an American actress and musical director. She has worked on Days of Our Lives, as a musical director for two episodes, in 1999 and 2007, and as an actress playing minor character Amy from 1989–1990.

Ken Corday
Kenneth Robert Corday (born June 16, 1950) is an American television soap opera producer and music composer. He is the son of Ted Corday and Betty Corday, the co-creators of Days of Our Lives. His production company, Corday Productions, owns 1% of The Young and the Restless while Sony Pictures Television owns the majority of the serial.
Henry Ruhl Guss
Henry Ruhl Guss (July 28, 1825 – April 25, 1907) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He organized and commanded the 97th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment out of Chester and Delaware Counties in Pennsylvania.  He served as a colonel and was brevetted brigadier general and major general after the war in recognition of his service.

Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Delaware County, colloquially referred to as Delco, is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With a population of 576,830 as of the 2020 census, it is the fifth-most populous county in Pennsylvania and the third-smallest in area. The county was created on September 26, 1789, from part of Chester County and named for the Delaware River. The county is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, or Delaware Valley, region of the commonwealth.

Delaware County borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-most populous city, to its northeast. It also is adjacent to the city-county of Philadelphia County and is included in the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area. Its county seat is Media, which is located near the center of the county.
Probabilistic soft logic
Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL) is a  statistical relational learning (SRL) framework for modeling probabilistic and relational domains.

It is applicable to a variety of machine learning problems, such as collective classification,  entity resolution, link prediction, and ontology alignment.
PSL combines two tools: first-order logic, with its ability to succinctly represent complex phenomena, and  probabilistic graphical models, which capture the uncertainty and incompleteness inherent in real-world knowledge.
More specifically, PSL uses  "soft" logic as its logical component and Markov random fields as its statistical model.
PSL provides sophisticated inference techniques for finding the most likely answer (i.e. the maximum a posteriori (MAP) state).
The "softening" of the logical formulas makes inference a polynomial time operation rather than an  NP-hard operation.

Ontology alignment
Ontology alignment, or ontology matching, is the process of determining correspondences between concepts in ontologies. A set of correspondences is also called an alignment. The phrase takes on a slightly different meaning, in computer science, cognitive science or philosophy.
Arctic ringlet
The Arctic ringlet or Disa alpine (Erebia disa) is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of family Nymphalidae. It is associated with wet muskeg and bogs in subarctic and Arctic climates, and is often found near the tree-line. The larva overwinters twice before undergoing metamorphosis into an adult. It is found in Arctic Europe, Arctic European Russia (Kanin Peninsula), Sajan, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Yablonoi and Arctic North America.

Tree line
The tree line is the edge of a habitat at which trees are capable of growing and beyond which they are not. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate the environmental conditions (usually low temperatures, extreme snowpack, or associated lack of available moisture).: 51  The tree line is sometimes distinguished from a lower timberline, which is the line below which trees form a forest with a closed canopy.: 151 : 18

At the tree line, tree growth is often sparse, stunted, and deformed by wind and cold. This is sometimes known as krummholz (German for "crooked wood").: 58

The tree line often appears well-defined, but it can be a more gradual transition. Trees grow shorter and often at lower densities as they approach the tree line, above which they are unable to grow at all.: 55  Given a certain latitude, the tree line is approximately 300 to 1000 meters below the permanent snow line and roughly parallel to it.
DéLana R. A. Dameron
DéLana R. A. Dameron (January 30, 1985 – November 29, 2025) was an American writer and poet. She authored two books of poetry, How God Ends Us (2009) and Weary Kingdom (2017), as well as one prose collection, Redwood Court (2024). How God Ends Us won the South Carolina Poetry Book Prize.

University of South Carolina Press
The University of South Carolina Press is an academic publisher associated with the University of South Carolina. It was founded in 1944.

According to Casey Clabough, the quality of its list of authors and book design became substantially better between the 2000s and 2010s.
Sacred Heart College, Sorrento
Sacred Heart College, Sorrento is an Australian independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school located in the northern Perth suburb of Sorrento, Western Australia. Established in 1967, the school provides a religious and general education to approximately 1,400 students from Year 7 to Year 12.

The college is situated on 8 hectares (20 acres) overlooking both the Indian Ocean and Hillary's Boat Harbour. Facilities include extensive playing fields, hard courts for many sports, a performing arts centre, science labs, computer labs, gymnasium and specialised rooms for engineering, wood and art.

Year 7
Year 7 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand. It is the seventh full year (or eighth in Australia and England) of compulsory education and is roughly equivalent to grade 6 in the United States and Canada (or to grade 7 for the Australian Year 7). Children in this year are between 11 and 12.
Celebrate Bisexuality Day
Celebrate Bisexuality Day (also called Bisexual Pride Day, Bi Visibility Day, CBD, Bisexual Pride and Bi Visibility Day, and Bisexuality+ Day) is observed annually on September 23 to recognize and celebrate bisexual people, the bisexual community, and the history of bisexuality.

GLAAD
GLAAD (/ɡlæd/) is an American non-governmental media monitoring organization. Originally founded as a protest against defamatory coverage of gay and lesbian demographics and their portrayals in the media and entertainment industries, it has since expanded to queer, bisexual, and transgender people.
Huang Yijun
Huang Yijun (simplified Chinese: 黄贻钧; traditional Chinese: 黄貽鈞; 4 May 1915 – 11 October 1995; pen name: 元之; pinyin: Yuán Zhī) was a Chinese conductor and composer.

Born in Suzhou into a musical family, Huang exhibited great musical talent from a young age. His father, a strict man, taught him organ and violin, and Huang taught himself a variety of Chinese and Western instruments, including piano, harmonica, erhu, yangqin, jinghu, yueqin and even Beijing and Kun Opera.

He moved to Shanghai in the mid-1930s, where he joined in orchestral recordings for the Pathé label. In 1938, he joined the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, became the head of the orchestra in 1953. He recorded a number of film-scores, and accepted invitations to conduct symphonies in Finland (1956), the USSR (1958) and, at the invitation of Herbert Von Karajan in 1981 Berlin.  He was persecuted and removed from his position in the Cultural Revolution.

Herbert von Karajan
Herbert von Karajan (German: [ˈhɛʁbɛʁt fɔn ˈka(ː)ʁajan] ⓘ; born Heribert Adolf Ernst Karajan; 5 April 1908 – 16 July 1989) was an Austrian conductor. He was principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic for 34 years. During the Nazi era, he debuted at the Salzburg Festival, with the Vienna Philharmonic, the Berlin Philharmonic, and during World War II he conducted at the Berlin State Opera. Generally regarded as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, he was a controversial but dominant figure in European classical music from the mid-1950s until his death. Part of the reason for this was the large number of recordings he made and their prominence during his lifetime. By one estimate, he sold 200 million records.
Alston & Bird
Alston & Bird LLP is an American multinational law firm with over 900 lawyers in 13 offices throughout the United States, Europe, and the UK. The firm provides legal services to both domestic and international clients who conduct business worldwide. Alston & Bird has advised companies including Amazon.com, The Coca-Cola Company, Microsoft, Bank of America, Starbucks, Toyota, Dell, UPS, and Nokia. Since 2000, Fortune has ranked the firm in the 100 Best Companies to Work For list. The firm's core practices include intellectual property, complex litigation, corporate and tax, with national industry focusing on energy and sustainability, health care, financial services, and public policy.

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
E. Verner Nielsen
E. Verner Nielsen (23 May 1899 – 12 December 1981), was a Danish chess player.

In 1919, in Copenhagen in simultaneous exhibition E. Verner Nielsen won the World Chess Champion Emanuel Lasker.  From 1925 to 1956 he was multiple participant of the Danish Chess Championships. His best result - 4th place in 1947 and 1949.

E. Verner Nielsen played for Denmark in the Chess Olympiad:

In 1954, at fourth board in the 11th Chess Olympiad in Amsterdam (+3, =1, -1).

In his mature years he played actively correspondence chess.

11th Chess Olympiad
The 11th Chess Olympiad (Dutch: De 11e Schaakolympiade), organized by the FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between September 4 and September 25, 1954, in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

30 teams had applied, but only 26 took part. The most notable absentees were the United States, who couldn't afford the travelling expenses due to financial difficulties in the USCF.

The Soviet team once again won the event, followed by Argentina and Yugoslavia. Unlike the previous Olympiad, however, they dominated this one completely and crushed all opposition, winning the final by an astounding seven points. Keres' amazing score of 96.4% was an all-time record; he drew his first game (against Nilsson of Sweden) and won the rest.
Terry Sanderson (lacrosse)
Terry Sanderson (August 22, 1952 – November 27, 2014) was the general manager of the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League and has also held various coaching positions through the NLL. He was a member of the Sanderson family of Orangeville, Ontario, which has produced a number of lacrosse players and coaches.

Sanderson began his NLL coaching career in 2000 with the Albany Attack. He coached the Attack for two seasons, compiling an 11–15 record. After the 2001 season, Sanderson resigned in order to take the head coach and GM position for the expansion Montreal Express. The Express only lasted a single season before folding.

In 2002, Sanderson replaced his brother Lindsay as head coach of the Ottawa Rebel. The Rebel finished the 2003 season last in the NLL at 4–12, and folded after the season.

Sanderson was inducted into the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame as a builder in 2015.

National Lacrosse League
The National Lacrosse League (NLL) is a professional box lacrosse league in North America. The league comprises 14 teams – 7 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NLL is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The NLL ranks third in average attendance for pro indoor sports worldwide, behind only the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Unlike other box lacrosse leagues, which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from December to June. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the National Lacrosse League Cup. The NLL has averaged between 8,900 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004.
Khalwa
Khalwa (Arabic: خلوة) – in Arabic – is to be alone with a thing, with it, or to it. It can also mean:

Khalwa (Sufism), a Sufism concept for solitude

Khalwa (structure), a place of seclusion

Khalwa (school), a Quranic school in Sudan

Khalwa, Madhya Pradesh, a town in Khandwa District of Madhya Pradesh

Khalwati order – Sufi mystic order in Sunni Islam

Khandwa district
Khandwa district (Hindi pronunciation: [kʰəɳɖʋaː]), formerly known as the East Nimar district, is a district of the Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Khandwa is the administrative headquarters of the district. Other notable towns in the district include Mundi, Harsud, Punasa, Pandhana and Omkareshwar.
Confrontation at Concordia
Confrontation at Concordia is a documentary film by Martin Himel which documents the 2002 Concordia University Netanyahu riot at Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec,  Canada. The film chronicles how pro-Palestinian student activists staged a direct action aimed to cancel the former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's address on campus. The talk by the prime minister had been organized by Hillel, a Jewish student organization.

The documentary portrays the events that took place in a negative light, and reportedly contributed to the ensuing media debate over them. The Concordia Student Union (CSU) responded by taking legal action against its producer.

Hillel International
Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, alternatively Hillel International or simply Hillel, is a Jewish student organization. Hillel brands itself as a safe space for  Jewish students and events aimed at facilitating Jewish traditions on college campuses. Hillel describes itself as the "largest Jewish campus organization in the world". Founded in 1923 and headquartered in the United States, it is represented at higher education institutions and communities throughout Eurasia and the Americas, including  in the former Soviet Union, Israel, and South America.

Hillel has faced criticism for its failure to welcome non- and anti-Zionist Jewish students. Critical academics have described Hillel as "a Zionist organization that determines who can be Jewish and how".
Shin Kee Tract
The Shin Kee Tract is an island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. It is part of San Joaquin County, California, and not managed by any reclamation district. Its coordinates are 38°05′45″N 121°25′09″W﻿ / ﻿38.09583°N 121.41917°W﻿ / 38.09583; -121.41917﻿ (Shin Kee Tract), and the United States Geological Survey measured its elevation as 0 ft (0 m) in 1981. It appears on a 1952 USGS map of the area.

Reclamation district
Reclamation districts are a form of special-purpose districts in the United States (and possibly other countries) which are responsible for reclaiming and/or maintaining land that is threatened by permanent or temporary flooding for agricultural, residential, commercial, or industrial use.  The land is reclaimed by removing and/or preventing water from returning via systems of levees, dikes, drainage ditches, and pumps.
Hiss (electromagnetic)
Electromagnetic hiss is a naturally occurring Extremely Low Frequency/Very Low Frequency electromagnetic wave (i.e., 300 Hz – 10 kHz) that is generated in the plasma of either the Earth's ionosphere or magnetosphere. Its name is derived from its incoherent, structureless spectral properties which, when played through an audio system, sound like white noise (hence the onomatopoetic name, "hiss").

Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.
Morgan Harper Nichols
Morgan Harper Nichols (born February 4, 1990, as Morgan Novelate Harper) is an American Christian musician, songwriter, mixed-media artist, and writer, whose work is centered around the question "how can we create connection?". Her first album, Morgan Harper Nichols, was released by Gotee Records in 2015. She now works full time as a writer, artist, and musician, traveling to speak, teach, and perform. She shares her work daily across a variety of platforms, including her app Storyteller, online shop and blog titled Garden24, YouTube, Instagram, and podcast. She currently has 1.9 million followers on Instagram and is represented by Mona Harper of Good Eye Management.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
Tuesdays with Morrie (film)
Tuesdays with Morrie is a 1999 American biographical drama television film directed by Mick Jackson and written by Thomas Rickman, based on journalist Mitch Albom's 1997 memoir. In the film, Albom (Hank Azaria) bonds with his former professor, Morrie Schwartz (Jack Lemmon), who is dying of ALS, over a series of visits.

Tuesdays with Morrie was produced by Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Films, and was filmed in Los Angeles and Santa Clarita, California. It aired on ABC on December 5, 1999, as part of the "Oprah Winfrey Presents" series. It received positive reviews and numerous accolades, including Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Television Movie, Outstanding Lead Actor for Lemmon, and Outstanding Supporting Actor for Azaria; a Directors Guild of America Award for Jackson; and a Writers Guild of America Award and a Humanitas Prize for Rickman.

Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Long Form – Adapted
The Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Long Form – Adapted is an award presented by the Writers Guild of America to the writers of the best long form program based on the previously published material or work of the season. It has been awarded since the 50th Annual Writers Guild of America Awards in 1996.

Through the 70s and 80s, numerous categories were presented to recognize writing for long-form programs, some of them were for anthology series or limited series while others also included television films as "long form". The divisions between original and adapted were presented in some of the categories presented during these years, though not all of them.

Since the 39th Writers Guild of America Awards in 1976, two categories are presented to recognize the writing in long form television media, these two categories remain to this day and are: Long Form – Original and Long Form – Adapted.