hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roridula dentata
Roridula dentata (also called the northern dewstick) is a protocarnivorous plant native to the Western Cape province of South Africa.

It can be found only in South Africa, in the hotter and more arid inland mountains of Clanwilliam, Tulbagh and Ceres, and can grow up to more than 150 cm. The leaves are covered with sticky hairs and produce a resin (rather than a mucilage as in most other sticky carnivorous plants), enabling it to catch insects, such as wasps or bees, and very occasionally small birds. It benefits indirectly from catching prey, as several species of Pameridea are unaffected by the stickiness of the leaves. R. dentata then absorbs the nitrogen from the droppings of the insects, resulting in an obligate mutualistic relationship. This relationship is effectively indirect carnivory, which some believe is enough to classify R. dentata as a proper carnivorous plant with flypaper-type traps.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
Miss Ecuador 2015
Miss Ecuador 2015, the 65th Miss Ecuador pageant, was held on March 14, 2015. Alejandra Argudo, Miss Ecuador 2014 from Manabí crowned her successor Francesca Cipriani from Guayas as Miss Ecuador 2015. The winner represented Ecuador at Miss Universe 2015, the 1st Runner-up competed at Miss International 2015, and the 2nd Runner participated at Miss Supranational 2015.

Guayas Province
Guayas (English: /ˈɡwɑːjəs/, Spanish: [ˈɡwaʝas] ⓘ) is a coastal province in Ecuador. It is bordered to the west by Manabí, Santa Elena, and the Pacific Ocean (as the Gulf of Guayaquil); to the east by Los Ríos, Bolívar, Chimborazo, Cañar, and Azuay; to the north by Los Ríos and Bolívar; and to the south by El Oro and the Pacific Ocean.

With a population of over 4 million people, it is the most populous province in Ecuador. In terms of area it is the seventh largest province in the country. The main port of Ecuador, Guayaquil, is located within the province.
Frank Pietrzok
Frank Pietrzok (20 June 1964 – 3 February 2022) was a German politician.

A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, he served in the Bürgerschaft of Bremen from 1999 to 2005. He died in a paragliding accident at La Unión, Colombia, on 3 February 2022, at the age of 57.

Bürgerschaft of Bremen
The State Parliament of Bremen (Bremische Bürgerschaft, lit. 'Bremish Citizenry'  or 'Citizenry of Bremen') is the legislative branch of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen in Germany. The state parliament elects the members of the Senate (executive), exercises oversight of the executive, and passes legislation. It currently consists of 87 members from six parties. The current majority is a coalition of the Social Democratic Party, Alliance 90/The Greens and The Left, supporting Mayor and Senate president Andreas Bovenschulte. The 72 delegates of the city of Bremen also form the Stadtbürgerschaft (the local parliament of the city), while Bremerhaven has its own local parliament.
Oxaloacetate decarboxylase
Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a carboxy-lyase involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate into pyruvate.

It is categorized under EC 4.1.1.3.

Oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity in a given organism may be due to activity of malic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase or the activity of "real" oxaloacetate decarboxylases. The latter enzymes catalyze the irreversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and can be classified into (i) the divalent cation-dependent oxaloacetate decarboxylases and (ii) the membrane-bound sodium-dependent and biotin-containing oxaloacetate decarboxylases from enterobacteria.

Oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid or OAA) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO2CC(O)CH2CO2H.  Oxaloacetic acid, in the form of its conjugate base oxaloacetate, is a metabolic intermediate in many processes that occur in animals. It takes part in gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and the citric acid cycle.
Alvaston
Alvaston (/ˈɒlvəstən/ or /ˈælvəstən/) is a village and ward of Derby, in the ceremonial county of Derbyshire, England. Alvaston is on the A6 three miles south-east of Derby city centre and probably owes its name to an individual called Ælfwald.

The village of Alvaston has existed since at least the 11th century. Rapid expansion came in the second half of the 19th century and in 1904 the electric tram replaced the horse-bus service and, with the advent of the motor car, London Road became the A6. It became part of Derby in the late 20th century.

The smaller, neighbouring village of Boulton has been swallowed up by Alvaston, and Boulton is rarely referred to by name.

South Derbyshire
South Derbyshire is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The district covers the towns of Melbourne and Swadlincote as well as numerous villages and hamlets such as Hilton, Hatton, Etwall, Aston-on-Trent, Repton, Weston-on-Trent and Willington. About a third of the National Forest lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Derbyshire Dales, Amber Valley, Derby, Erewash, North West Leicestershire, Lichfield and East Staffordshire.
The Amazing World of Gumball season 5
The fifth season of the British-American animated television sitcom The Amazing World of Gumball, created by Ben Bocquelet, aired on Cartoon Network in the United States on September 1, 2016, and was produced by Cartoon Network Development Studio Europe. The series focuses on the misadventures of Gumball Watterson, a blue 12-year-old cat, along with his adopted brother, Darwin, a goldfish. Together, they cause mischief among their family, as well as with the wide array of students at Elmore Junior High, where they attend middle school.

Ben Bocquelet
Benjamin Bocquelet (born 27 June 1980) is a French and British animator, writer, director and producer. He is best known as the creator and executive producer of the Cartoon Network animated series The Amazing World of Gumball and its spin-off and revival series The Wonderfully Weird World of Gumball. He was also the director of the 2003 short film The Hell's Kitchen.
Gary Wight
Gary William Wight, AM (born 21 September 1968) is an officer in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). He joined the RAN as a submariner in 1987 and rose through the ranks to become the 8th Warrant Officer of the Navy in 2016. He relinquished the post in 2019 and was subsequently commissioned as an officer.

HMAS Darwin
HMAS Darwin (FFG 04), named for the capital city of the Northern Territory, was an Adelaide-class guided-missile frigate, formerly in service with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of four ships ordered from the United States, Darwin entered service in 1984. During her career, she has operated in the Persian Gulf, as part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce, and off the Solomon Islands. The frigate underwent a major upgrade during 2007 and 2008. She was decommissioned on 9 December 2017 and was supposed to be scuttled as a dive wreck in Tasmania, but the deal was pulled by the Tasmanian Government and her fate remains uncertain.
CRAM (file format)
Compressed Reference-oriented Alignment Map (CRAM) is a compressed columnar file format for storing biological sequences aligned to a reference sequence, initially devised by Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz et al.

CRAM was designed to be an efficient reference-based alternative to the Sequence Alignment Map (SAM) and Binary Alignment Map (BAM) file formats.  It optionally uses a genomic reference to describe differences between the aligned sequence fragments and the reference sequence, reducing storage costs.  Additionally each column in the SAM format is separated into its own blocks, improving compression ratio.  CRAM files typically vary from 30 to 60% smaller than BAM, depending on the data held within them.

Implementations of CRAM exist in htsjdk, htslib, JBrowse, and Scramble.

The file format specification is maintained by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) with the specification document available from the EBI cram toolkit page.

RefSeq
The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) database is an open access, annotated and curated collection of publicly available nucleotide sequences (DNA, RNA) and their protein products. RefSeq was introduced in 2000. This database is built by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and, unlike GenBank, provides only a single record for each natural biological molecule (i.e. DNA, RNA or protein) for major organisms ranging from viruses to bacteria to eukaryotes.

For each model organism, RefSeq aims to provide separate and linked records for the genomic DNA, the gene transcripts, and the proteins arising from those transcripts. RefSeq is limited to major organisms for which sufficient data are available (121,461 distinct "named" organisms as of July 2022), while GenBank includes sequences for any organism submitted (approximately 504,000 formally described species).
Amami Islands Botanical Garden
The Amami Islands Botanical Garden (奄美アイランド植物園, Amami Airando Shokubutsuen) is a zoo and botanical garden located on the grounds of the Amami Cultural Foundation, Yanma 811-1, Sumiyo-cho, Amami, Kagoshima, Japan. It is open daily except Tuesdays and Wednesdays; an admission fee is charged.

The garden contains a collection of more than 500 types of cactus and succulents, bananas, tropical fruit trees, and a greenhouse with begonias, calathea, heliconia, orchids, etc. The zoo contains animals such as meerkat, ring-tailed lemur, and squirrel monkey, as well as an aquarium. The cultural center features indigenous art of Southeast Asia.

Heliconia
Heliconia is a genus of flowering plants in the monotypic family Heliconiaceae. Most of the 194 known species are native to the tropical Americas, but a few are indigenous to certain islands of the western Pacific and Maluku in Indonesia. Many species of Heliconia are found in the tropical forests of these regions. Most species are listed as either vulnerable or data deficient by the IUCN Red List of threatened species. Several species are widely cultivated as ornamentals, and a few are naturalized in Florida, Gambia, and Thailand.

Common names for the genus include lobster-claws, toucan beak, wild plantain, or false bird-of-paradise; the last term refers to their close similarity to the bird-of-paradise flowers in the genus Strelitzia. Collectively, these plants are also simply referred to as "heliconias".

Heliconia originated in the Late Eocene (39 Ma) and are the oldest known clade of hummingbird-pollinated plants.
Ocular rosacea
Ocular rosacea is a type of rosacea that affects the eyes. Signs and symptoms generally consist of redness, irritation or burning of the eyes. Affected individuals may also feel that there is something, such as an eyelash, in the eye and frequently have redness of the nose and cheeks as well. Complications include corneal ulcer.

Those who have ocular rosacea may be treated with warm compresses, artificial tears and washing the area around the eye with warm water, including the eyelids, to help relieve symptoms. Additionally, oral antibiotics, typically doxycycline, may be prescribed. Some people with ocular rosacea feel that dietary restrictions of caffeine, spicy foods, and alcoholic beverages may reduce or eliminate symptoms.

Corneal ulcer
Corneal ulcer, often resulting from keratitis is an inflammatory or, more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma. It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics and in farming. In developing countries, children afflicted by vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes persisting throughout life. In ophthalmology, a corneal ulcer usually refers to having an infection, while the term corneal abrasion refers more to a scratch injury.
Trondheim og omland
Trondheim og omland is an economic region in Trøndelag county, Norway. It consists of the municipalities of Trondheim, Indre Fosen, Midtre Gauldal, Melhus, Skaun, Malvik, Selbu, Stjørdal and Tydal.  The center of the region is the city of Trondheim.

Melhus Municipality
Melhus is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Gauldalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Melhus. Other villages include Gåsbakken, Hovin, Korsvegen, Kvål, Ler, Lundamo, Storsand, and Øysand.

The 694-square-kilometre (268 sq mi) municipality is the 166th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Melhus Municipality is the 74th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 17,560. The municipality's population density is 25.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi) and its population has increased by 10.8% over the previous 10-year period.

Agriculture is important in Melhus Municipality. The extensive lowland areas in the almost flat valley surrounding the Gaula River are dominated by grain fields. Many inhabitants work in the nearby city of Trondheim, a 20-minute drive north from Melhus.
Battle of the Eastern Carpathians
The Battle of the Eastern Carpathians consisted in a series of military engagements between Romanian and Austro-Hungarian forces during October 1916, in World War I. The attempt of the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army to break through the Eastern Carpathians was simultaneous with that of the German 9th Army to force the passes of the Southern Carpathians. Both efforts failed.

Southern Carpathians
The Southern Carpathians (also known as the Transylvanian Alps; Romanian: Carpații Meridionali [karˈpatsij ˌmeridi.oˈnalʲ]; Hungarian: Déli-Kárpátok) are a group of mountain ranges located in southern Romania. They cover the part of the Carpathian Mountains located between the Prahova River in the east and the Timiș and Cerna Rivers in the west. To the south they are bounded by the Balkan Mountains in eastern Serbia.
Have You Seen Drum Recently?
Have You Seen Drum Recently? is a 1989 film which uses photographs from the Drum archives to tell the story of the magazine and documents its contribution to the cultural and political life of South Africa.

In the 1950s, Drum focused on urban blacks living in a white-dominated apartheid world. It contained articles about the township jazz scene, crime, fiction and sport and documented the hopes, aspirations and despair of the urban, educated black sophisticate.

Directed by Jürgen Schadeberg, the film includes such images as Oliver Tambo as a lawyer, Trevor Huddleston demonstrating against the demolition of Sophiatown, Nelson Mandela sparring in the boxing ring, Chief Luthuli the Nobel Prize winner and the singer Miriam Makeba.

The background music is based on the music of the 1950s, including big band, jazz, swing, kwela and penny whistle.

Township (South Africa)
In South Africa, the terms township and location usually refer to an under-developed, racially segregated urban area, from the late 19th century until the end of apartheid, which were reserved for non-whites, namely Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians. Townships were usually built on the periphery of towns and cities. The term township also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, which carries no racial connotations.

Townships for non-whites were also called locations or lokasies in Afrikaans and are often still referred to as such in the smaller towns. The slang term "kasie / kasi", a popular short version of "lokasie" is also used. Townships sometimes have large informal settlements nearby.
Carrie Lawrence
Carrie Elizabeth Lawrence (born July 15, 1997) is an American former professional soccer defender. She spent the entirety of her professional career with the Orlando Pride of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), winning an NWSL Shield and NWSL Championship with the club in 2024. Lawrence previously played college soccer for the South Carolina Gamecocks and the UCF Knights.

North Carolina Courage
The North Carolina Courage are an American professional soccer team based in Cary, North Carolina, that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). It was founded on January 9, 2017, after Stephen Malik acquired NWSL franchise rights from the Western New York Flash. The Courage plays its home games at WakeMed Soccer Park.

In 2018, the Courage became the first team in NWSL history to win the Shield and the Championship in the same season. In 2019, the team became the first team to win the Championship on its home field.
Robin Fitton
Edwin Robin Fitton (5 April 1928 - 2 May 1970) was a British professional motorcycle racer. He competed in Grand Prix motorcycle racing from 1964 to 1969.

Fitton was born in Leeds, England, on April 5, 1928, and attended school at Aireborough, just north of Leeds. At the age of 16 he acquired his first motorcycle, a BSA Sloper. He began competing in motorcycle trials until a visit to Cadwell Park convinced him to beging competing in road racing. He studied civil engineering at University of Bradford. By 1947, he was racing a 1931 Montgomery-JAP at Cadwell Park. He also competed in grasstrack competitions.

His best season was in 1968 when he finished the year in fourth place in the 500cc world championship. Fitton was killed at the Nürburgring during practice for the 1970 West German Grand Prix.

J. A. Prestwich Industries
J. A. Prestwich Industries, was a British engineering equipment manufacturing company named after founder John Alfred Prestwich, which was formed in 1951 by the amalgamation of J. A. Prestwich and Company Limited and Pencils Ltd.
Camera (cephalopod)
Camerae (singular camera) are the spaces or chambers enclosed between two adjacent septa in the phragmocone of a nautiloid or ammonoid cephalopod molluscus. These can be seen in cross-sections of a nautilus shell and in the polished cross-sections of ammonites. In life these chambers are filled with gas, mediated by the siphuncle, and used to control buoyancy.

Some Palaeozoic nautiloid genera, especially those with long, straight shells, are distinguished by cameral deposits. These were accumulations of calcium carbonate secreted in the empty chambers of the shell, used for ballast and control of buoyancy. The nature and form of these deposits are very useful in nautiloid classification.

Ballast tank
A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide hydrostatic stability for a vessel, to reduce or control buoyancy, as in a submarine, to correct trim or list, to provide a more even load distribution along the hull to reduce structural hogging or sagging stresses, or to increase draft, as in a semi-submersible vessel or platform, or a SWATH, to improve seakeeping. Using water in a tank provides easier weight adjustment than the stone or iron ballast used in older vessels, and makes it easy for the crew to reduce a vessel's draft when it enters shallower water, by temporarily pumping out ballast. Airships use ballast tanks mainly to control buoyancy and correct trim.
Criticism of Hamas
Aside from its use of political violence in pursuit of its goals, the Palestinian political and military organization Hamas has been widely criticised for a variety of reasons, including its use of hate speech by its representatives, use of human shields and child combatants as part of its military operations, restriction of political freedoms within the Gaza Strip, and human rights abuses.

Basem Naim
Basem Naim (Arabic: باسم نعيم, romanized: Bāsim Naʿīm; born 24 January 1963) is a Palestinian physician, politician, and Hamas official. Naim served as Minister of Health in the First Haniyeh Government; then, as Minister of Youth and Sports in the Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007. He resides in Istanbul, Turkey.
Adventures in Emceein
Adventures in Emceein is the ninth solo studio album by American rapper KRS-One. It was released in early 2008 via Echo-Vista. Production was handled by Duane "DaRock" Ramos, Adam Deitch, Alex Track, Chris Pinset, KDL, Lounge Lizzards, M.I.C., QF, Adam Smirnoff, Bam Beats, Enoch, James Desmond, Nick Kasper, Panauh Kalayeh, Robert Hernandez, Stevie J and KRS-One himself, with Jeffrey Collins serving as executive producer. It features guest appearances from S-Five, Carlet Boseman, Chuck D, Cx, Keith Stewart, MC Lyte, Non-Stop, Pee-Doe, Vince Flores, Just Blaze, Nas and Rakim.

Chuck D
Carlton Douglas Ridenhour (born August 1, 1960), known professionally as Chuck D, is an American rapper, best known as the leader and frontman of the hip-hop group Public Enemy, which he co-founded in 1985 with Flavor Flav. Chuck D is also a member of the rock supergroup Prophets of Rage. He has released several solo albums, most notably Autobiography of Mistachuck (1996).

His work with Public Enemy helped create politically and socially conscious hip-hop music in the mid-1980s. The Source ranked him at No. 12 on its list of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Lyricists of All Time. Chuck D has been nominated for six Grammys throughout his career, and has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as a member of Public Enemy. He was also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013 as a member of Public Enemy.
2013 Singapore Cup
The 2013 Singapore Cup was the 16th season of Singapore's annual premier club football tournament organised by Football Association of Singapore. Due to sponsorship reasons, the Singapore Cup is also known as the RHB Singapore Cup. Warriors FC, then known as Singapore Armed Forces FC, were the defending champions.

The final was played at Jalan Besar Stadium in Kallang, Singapore. Home United, who had finished as quarter-finalists last year, won by defeating S.League rival Tanjong Pagar United 4–1. This was Home's sixth Singapore Cup title, previously winning it in 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2011. Together with 2013 S.League champions Tampines Rovers, Home United fills the 2014 AFC Cup spot.

The defending champions Warriors were eliminated in the preliminary round, thus becoming the first team to leave the competition as title holders at this stage.

Boeung Ket F.C.
Boeung Ket Football Club (Khmer: ក្លឹបបាល់ទាត់បឹងកេត, Klœ̆b Băltoăt Bœ̆ng Két) is a professional football club based in Phnom Penh. It plays in the Cambodian Premier League, a top-tier national competition. Founded in 2008 as Boeung Ket Rubber Field, it became Boeung Ket Angkor in 2015 and simply Boeung Ket in 2017. Originally based in Kampong Cham province, the club moved to Kandal province in 2018 and finally to the country's capital in 2019.

Boeung Ket has won the Cambodian League titles in 2012, 2016, 2017 and 2020, and was runners-up in 2013, 2014 and 2018. In 2019, it won its first Hun Sen Cup trophy after beating Svay Rieng in a penalty shootout. Its women's section plays in the Cambodian Women's League.
Xanthesma baringa
Xanthesma baringa, or Xanthesma (Chaetohesma) baringa, is a species of bee in the family Colletidae and the subfamily Euryglossinae. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1978 by Australian entomologist Elizabeth Exley.

Euryglossinae
Euryglossinae is a subfamily of plasterer bees endemic to Australia. Most of the 400+ species in the subfamily are very small, with the largest reaching 10 mm in length. Females of this subfamily carry pollen internally, in the crop.