hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Chauncy Langdon
William Chauncy Langdon (1831–1895) was a Protestant Episcopal clergyman and a prominent American proponent of the YMCA. He left a career in patent law to help found the YMCA in Washington, DC, the first chapter in a large urban area. He went on to found the National Confederation of Young Men's Christian Associations and was elected its first general secretary in 1854.

He founded three Episcopal Churches in Europe: Grace Church in Rome, 1859 (later renamed as St. Paul's Within the Walls); St James's in Florence, c. 1870;  and Emmanuel_Episcopal_Church_(Geneva), 1873.  These are now parishes of the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe.

His son Courtney Langdon (1861-1924) was a poet, professor, and translator of Dante. Another son, William Chauncy Langdon (1871–1947), was a writer, historian, and wrote and produced many historical pageants.

St. Paul's Within the Walls
St. Paul's Within the Walls (Italian: San Paolo dentro le Mura), also known as the American Church in Rome, is a church of the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe on Via Nazionale in Castro Pretorio, Rome. It was the first Protestant church to be built in Rome. Designed by English architect George Edmund Street in Gothic Revival style, it was built in polychrome brick and stone, and completed in 1880.

The church contains mosaics which are the largest works of the English Pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones.
Uccello
Uccello (Italian: [utˈtʃɛllo]) is an Italian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Antonina Uccello (1922–2023), American politician

Julian Uccello (born 1986), Canadian soccer player

Luca Uccello (born 1997), Canadian soccer player

Paolo Uccello (1397–1475), Italian painter and mathematician

Antonina Uccello
Antonina P. Uccello (pronounced [utˈtʃɛllo] ⓘ in Italian, and /juˈsɛloʊ/ in English) (May 19, 1922 – March 14, 2023), was a second generation, Italian-American politician who was Mayor of Hartford, Connecticut, from 1967 to 1971.
Bheemanna Khandre
Bheemanna Khandre (1 November 1925 – 16 January 2026) was an Indian independence activist, educationist and politician. A member of the Indian National Congress party, he was the Minister of Transport in the Government of Karnataka from 1992 to 1994. Khandre was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly, including the erstwhile Mysore Legislative Assembly, for four terms.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Kurusu
Kurusu (written: 来栖) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Atsuko Kurusu (来栖 あつこ, born 1978), Japanese actress

Ryō Kurusu (来栖 良, 1919–1945), Imperial Japanese Army officer

Saburō Kurusu (来栖 三郎, 1886–1954), Japanese diplomat

Takeo Kurusu (栗栖赳夫, 1895–1966), Japanese politician

Saburō Kurusu
Saburō Kurusu (来栖 三郎, Kurusu Saburō; March 6, 1886 – April 7, 1954) was a Japanese diplomat. He is remembered now (in the United States) as an envoy who tried to negotiate peace and understanding with the United States while the Japanese government under Emperor Hirohito was secretly preparing the attack on Pearl Harbor.

As Imperial Japan's ambassador to Germany from December 4th, 1939 to November 1941, he signed the Tripartite Pact along with the foreign ministers of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy on September 27, 1940.
Criccieth Lifeboat Station
Criccieth Lifeboat Station is the base for Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) search and rescue operations at Criccieth in Gwynedd, Wales. It was opened in 1853 but was known as Portmadoc Lifeboat Station until 1892. It operates B-class (Atlantic 85) and Arancia-class lifeboats.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
J. D. Trout
J. D. Trout (born 1959) is an American philosopher of science, cognitive scientist, lecturer and nonfiction author who holds the Calamos Endowed Chair in Philosophy at Illinois Institute of Technology. His research centers on the nature of scientific progress, and its influence on human understanding and well-being.

Illinois Institute of Technology
The Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the merger of the Armour Institute and Lewis Institute in 1940. The university has programs in architecture, business, communications, design, engineering, industrial technology, information technology, law, psychology, and science. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university's historic roots are in several 19th-century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States. In the mid 20th century, it became closely associated with trends in modernist architecture through the work of its Dean of Architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed its campus. The Institute of Design, Chicago-Kent College of Law, and Midwest College of Engineering were also merged into Illinois Tech.
Arrondissements of the Doubs department
The 3 arrondissements of the Doubs department are:

Arrondissement of Besançon, (prefecture of the Doubs department: Besançon) with 254 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 253,510 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Montbéliard, (subprefecture: Montbéliard) with 168 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 175,505 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Pontarlier, (subprefecture: Pontarlier) with 147 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 118,081 in 2021.

Prefectures in France
In France, a prefecture (French: préfecture, pronounced [pʁefɛktyʁ] ⓘ) may be:

the chef-lieu de département, the commune in which the administration of a department is located;

the chef-lieu de région, the commune in which the administration of a region is located;

the jurisdiction of a prefecture;

the official residence or headquarters of a prefect.

Although the administration of departments and regions is distinct, a regional prefect is ex officio prefect of the department in which the regional prefecture is located. The officeholder has authority upon the other prefects in the region on a range of matters.
Satellite (Guster song)
Satellite is the second single from Guster's 2006 album Ganging Up on the Sun. The song received support from U.S. alternative rock radio, but failed to chart on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. There was also a Satellite EP released April 10, 2007. The song is also featured in the 2007 film Martian Child. The stop motion video for the song, directed by Adam Bizanski, was released on February 2, 2007.

The single would go on to earn the band its first gold record in 2018.

Martian Child
Martian Child is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Menno Meyjes and based on David Gerrold's 1994 novelette (not the expanded 2002 novel) of the same name. The film stars John Cusack as a writer who adopts a strange young boy (Bobby Coleman) who believes himself to be from Mars. The film was theatrically released on November 2, 2007, by New Line Cinema.
Oligoporus
Oligoporus is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German mycologist Julius Oscar Brefeld in 1888 with Oligoporus farinosus as the type. This species is currently known as Postia rennyi. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek words ὀλίγος ("few") and πόρος ("pore").

Oligoporus species have fruit bodies that are either crust-like or pileate (i.e., with a cap). Species cause a brown rot of wood. The hyphal structure is monomytic, meaning that only generative hyphae are produced. Spores made by Oligoporus fungi are ellipsoid or have a short cylindrical shape.

Polyporaceae
The Polyporaceae (/pɔːliːpoʊreɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota.  The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough.  Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. Panus) or gill-like structures (such as Daedaleopsis, whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth).  Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.

Most of these fungi have white spore powder but members of the genus Abundisporus have colored spores and produce yellowish spore prints. Cystidia are absent.
Solomon Ma'tuk
Solomon Ma'tuk, or Sulayman ben David Ma'tuk  or Matuq (18th century) was a communal leader, astronomer and Jewish devotional poet of Baghdad, whose piyyutim are still incorporated in Iraqi Jewish liturgy.

Anah
Anah or Ana (Arabic: عانة, romanized: ʿĀna, Syriac: ܐܢܐ), formerly also known as Anna, is an Iraqi town on the Euphrates approximately midway between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Persian Gulf. Anah lies from west to east on the right bank along a bend of the river just before it turns south towards Hīt.
Guanaco Peak
Guanaco Peak is a 2,127-metre (6,978-foot) mountain located in the North Cascades of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is the highest summit of the Anderson River Group, a subset of the North Cascades. It is situated 8 km (5 mi) northwest of Coquihalla Summit, and 1 km (1 mi) northeast of Vicuna Peak. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains west into headwaters of the East Anderson River, or east into headwaters of the Coldwater River. The mountain was named for the guanaco, as part of the animal names theme for several other nearby peaks that were submitted by Philip Kubik of the 1974 first ascent party. The mountain's name was officially adopted on February 5, 1976, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Ethnographic Museum of Berat
The Ethnographic Museum of Berat (Albanian: Muzeu Etnografik i Beratit) is an ethnographic museum in Berat, Albania. It opened in 1979 and contains a range of everyday objects from throughout Berat's history. The museum contains original furniture and a number of household objects, wooden cases, wall-closets, as well as chimneys and a well. Near the well is an olive press, wool press and many large ceramic dishes, from the historical domestic culture of Berat's citizens. The ground floor has a hall with a model of a medieval street with traditional shops on both sides and on the second floor has an archive, loom, village sitting room, kitchen and sitting room.

Olive oil extraction
Olive oil extraction is the process of extracting the olive oil present in olive drupes. Olive oil is produced in the mesocarp cells, and stored in a particular type of vacuole called a lipo vacuole, i.e., every cell contains a tiny olive oil droplet. Olive oil extraction is the process of separating the oil from the other fruit contents (vegetative extract liquid and solid material). It is possible to attain this separation by physical means alone, i.e., oil and water do not mix, so they are relatively easy to separate. This contrasts with other  oils that are extracted with chemical solvents, generally hexane. The first operation when extracting olive oil is washing the olives, to reduce the presence of contaminants, especially soil which can create a particular flavor effect called "soil taste".
Lake Owassa
Lake Owassa (formerly Long Pond) is a 275-acre (111 ha) freshwater lake within the watershed of the Paulins Kill located in Frankford Township in Sussex County, New Jersey. It is fed from runoff from Kittatinny Mountain along its western flank and by Bear Swamp. Water from Lake Owassa feeds into nearby Culver's Lake (formerly Round Pond) before flowing into the West Branch of the Paulins Kill. It is at an elevation of 866 feet (264 m).

While the name Owassa implies an origin from Native American languages, it is not derived from the Unami or Munsee dialects of the Lenape who resided in New Jersey. Conversely, the name was derived from the fabricated name of a fictional Indian character in a long poem written by a local clergyman, George William Lloyd (1821–1906) in Branchville, New Jersey for his deceased wife, Sarah Prince Lloyd (1819–1890).

Branchville, New Jersey
Branchville is a borough in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 791, a decrease of 50 (−5.9%) from the 2010 census count of 841, which in turn reflected a decline of 4 (−0.5%) from the 845 counted in the 2000 census. The borough is located in the northernmost region of Sussex County.

Branchville was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 9, 1898, from portions of Frankford Township. An additional portion of Frankford Township was annexed as of March 1, 1951. The borough was named for its site at a branch of the Paulins Kill.
Halifax Thunderbirds
The Halifax Thunderbirds (known colloquially as the T-Birds) are a Canadian professional box lacrosse team based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, that competes in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The Thunderbirds play their home games at Scotiabank Centre, which they share with the Halifax Mooseheads of the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League.

Halifax Mooseheads
The Halifax Mooseheads are a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) based in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The team was founded in 1994 and began play in the Dilio Division of the QMJHL for the 1994–95 season. They have appeared in the President's Cup Finals five times, winning in 2013. The other four appearances were in 2003, 2005, 2019 and 2023. They hosted the Memorial Cup in 2000 and 2019 and won the tournament in 2013. The team plays their home games at the Scotiabank Centre.

The Mooseheads were the first team from Atlantic Canada to join the QMJHL. With the Mooseheads' success, the QMJHL then expanded to several other east coast cities. The QMJHL's eastward expansion has been credited with elevating the skill level and the career opportunities for hockey talent from the region. In the 2018–19 season, three of the NHL's top seven scorers were QMJHL alumni from Halifax; two of them former Mooseheads.
Greek ship Velos
At least two ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Velos (Greek: Βέλος, "Arrow"):

Greek destroyer Velos (1907) a Niki-class destroyer launched in 1907 and stricken in 1926.

Greek destroyer Velos (D16) a Fletcher-class destroyer launched in 1942 as USS Charrette she was transferred to Greece in 1959 and renamed. She was stricken in 1991 and became a museum ship.

Niki-class destroyer
The Niki class of destroyers were ordered by the Royal Hellenic Navy before World War I when the Greek government embarked on a naval buildup after losing the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. These four ships were ordered from Germany in 1905 and were built in the Vulcan shipyard at Stettin.

During World War I, these ships were seized by the French Navy when Greece did not enter the war on the side of the allies, and were returned to the Hellenic Royal Navy in 1917 when Greece declared war.

The class consisted of four destroyers: Niki, Aspis, Doxa and Velos.
John Wood (Bradford manufacturer)
John Wood (1793–1871) was an English manufacturer in Bradford, a leading spinner of worsted. He is now remembered as a factory reformer associated with Richard Oastler, who campaigned for employment standards.

Labour law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are laws that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union.

Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work. Employment standards are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work. Government agencies (such as the former US Employment Standards Administration) enforce labour law (legislature, regulatory, or judicial).
Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences
The Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences (1816–1838) was a literary and science institution in Washington, D.C., founded by Dr. Edward Cutbush (1772–1843), a naval surgeon. Thomas Law had earlier suggested of such a society "at the seat of government." It was the first "learned society" established in Washington and was organized on June 28, 1816, sixteen years after the city was occupied, and less than two years after the invasion by the British troops. The second article of its constitution states: "The Institute shall consist of mathematical, physical, moral and political sciences, general literature and fine arts."

Naval surgeon
A naval surgeon, or less commonly ship's doctor, is the person responsible for the health of the ship's company aboard a warship. The term appears often in reference to Royal Navy's medical personnel during the Age of Sail.
2011 Shizuoka earthquake
The 2011 Shizuoka earthquake (静岡県東部地震, Shizuoka-ken Tōbu jishin) occurred approximately 42 km (26 mi) north-northeast of Shizuoka City at 22:31 JST, 15 March 2011. The magnitude was Mw  6.0 or MJMA  6.4, and the depth was 9 km (5.6 mi). The hypocenter of this earthquake is thought to have been near the presumed location of the magma chamber of Mount Fuji. It may have been a triggered earthquake caused by the Tohoku earthquake, which occurred four days earlier, on 11 March 2011. It was sinistral strike-slip fault earthquake. It had a maximum JMA intensity of Shindo 6+ (Fujinomiya) or VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake left 80 people injured, and caused some power outages.

Magma chamber
A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is less dense than the surrounding country rock, which produces buoyant forces on the magma that tend to drive it upwards. If the magma finds a path to the surface, then the result will be a volcanic eruption; consequently, many volcanoes are situated over magma chambers. 
These chambers are hard to detect deep within the Earth, and therefore most of those known are close to the surface, commonly between 1 km and 10 km down.
Len Stephan
Leonard William Stephan (25 July 1935 – 2 September 2012) was an Australian politician. He was a National Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1979 to 2001, representing the electorate of Gympie.

Electoral district of Gympie
Gympie is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland The electorate is centred on the city of Gympie and stretches north to Rainbow Beach and as far south to Pomona.

The seat is currently held by Tony Perrett of the Liberal National Party.

The district's most famous former member is Andrew Fisher, who later became Prime Minister of Australia.
Botti
"Botti" is an Italian surname can refer to:

Anna Maria Adorni Botti (1805–1893), Blessed, Italian Roman Catholic widow and then professed religious

Chris Botti (b. 1962), American trumpeter and composer

Gaudenzio Botti (1698–1775), Italian painter

Giulia Botti (b. 1980), Italian ski mountaineer

Guglielmo Botti (1829–1906), Italian dresser and restorer

Ida Botti Scifoni (1812–1844), Italian painter, sculptor and designer

Marco Botti (b. 1976), Italian racehorse trainer

Matteo Botti (c. 1570–1621), Italian scientific instrument maker

Raphael Jose Botti (b. 1981), Brazilian professional footballer

Rinaldo Botti (1658–1740), Italian painter active in the Baroque period

Villana de' Botti T.O.S.D. (1332–1361), Blessed, Italian Roman Catholic professed religious

Alicia Botti, human character in Thomas & Friends

Villana de' Botti
Villana de' Botti, TOSD (1332 - 29 January 1361) was an Italian Catholic member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. She turned to the Dominicans after a sudden conversion from a dissolute adult life and was noted for her simplistic life born out of her conversion. She had been a pious and devoted child, but after marrying fell into secular values.

As a nun, de' Botti had fierce detractors due to her stating she had religious ecstasies at Mass, and these opponents eventually acknowledged her as a true living saint. She was beatified on 27 March 1824.
INS Yaffo
INS Yaffo has been borne by at least two ships of the Israeli Sea Corps:

INS Yaffo (1955), the former British Z-class destroyer HMS Zodiac acquired in 1955 and stricken in 1972

INS Yaffo (1998), a Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat commissioned in 1998

INS Yaffo (1998)
INS Yaffo (אח"י יפו) is an Israeli missile boat of the Shayetet 3 Flotilla, one of ten Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boats. She was launched in 1998 at Israel Shipyards in the Port of Haifa. She has been a part of Israeli Navy since July 1, 1998.
Snowden Hall (Laurel, Maryland)
Snowden Hall is a  historic house located on the grounds of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, outside Laurel in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It stands on open rolling ground approximately 3⁄4-mile west of the Patuxent River.

Laurel, Maryland
Laurel is a city in  Prince George's County, Maryland United States. It is located between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore on the banks of the Patuxent River. Its population was 30,060 at the 2020 census. Founded as a mill town in the early 19th century, Laurel expanded local industry and was later able to become an early commuter town for Washington and Baltimore workers following the arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1835.  Largely residential today, the city maintains a historic district centered on its Main Street.
Pindul Cave
Pindul Cave (Indonesian: Gua Pindul; Javanese: ꦒꦸꦮꦥꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦭ꧀, romanized: Guwa Pindul) is a cave formed by karst with underground river located about 7 kilometres south of the city centre  Wonosari, Gunung Kidul. Gua Pindul is known for the cave tubing that visitors can do and is done with tires that float above the underground river inside the cave, this activity known as cave tubing. There are gaps above the cave that can be passed as a pathway to enter vertically.

Wonosari
Wonosari (Javanese: ꦮꦤꦱꦫꦶ, romanized: Wanasari) is the administrative centre of Gunungkidul Regency, in the Special Region of Yogyakarta on Java, Indonesia. The kapanewon (district) of Wonosari is bordered to the north by the district of Nglipar, to the east by the districts of Karangmojo and Semanu, to the south by the district of Tanjungsari, and to the west by the districts of Paliyan and Playen (to the west of Yogyakarta). It had a population of 87,454 as of the 2020 Census.