hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wildlife of Togo
The wildlife of Togo is composed of the flora and fauna of Togo, a country in West Africa. Despite its small size the country has a diversity of habitats; there are only remnants of the once more extensive rain forests in the south, there is Sudanian savanna in the north-western part of the country and larger areas of Guinean forest–savanna mosaic in the centre and north-east. The climate is tropical with distinct wet and dry seasons. There are estimated to be over 3000 species of vascular plants in the country, and 196 species of mammals and 676 species of birds have been recorded there.

Dahomey Gap
In West Africa, the Dahomey Gap refers to the portion of the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic that extends all the way to the coast in Benin, Togo, and Ghana, thus separating the forest zone that covers much of the south of the region into two separate parts. The forest region west of the gap is called the Upper Guinean forests or Guinean forest zone, and the portion east of the gap is called the Lower Guinean forests, Lower Guinean-Congolian forests, or Congolian Forest Zone.

The major cities in the Gap are Accra, Lomé, Cotonou and Porto-Novo. Several other cities, such as Kumasi, exist on the fringe of the Gap.
Cieszyński
Cieszyński (feminine: Cieszyńska; plural: Cieszyńscy) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antoni Cieszyński (1882–1941), Polish physician

Frank Cieszynski (1882–unknown), American politician

Janusz Cieszyński (born 1988), Polish politician

Władysław Cieszyński (1891–1939), Polish journalist

Frank Cieszynski
Frank Cieszynski (December 12, 1882 - ?) was an American sailor and iron molder from Milwaukee who served one term (1925-1926) as a Socialist member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from the 8th Milwaukee County district (8th and 14th wards of the City of Milwaukee).
Universidad del Mar
The Universidad del Mar «UMAR» is a public institution of higher education and scientific research of the Government of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, with the support and recognition of the federal government. It belongs to the Oaxaca State University System (OSUS) and has three campuses, Puerto Angel, Puerto Escondido, and Huatulco, and a Center of Tourist Training (CECAT). Its main functions are teaching, research, cultural diffusion and promoting development.

UMAR was founded in 1992 at the request of Oaxaca Governor Heladio Ramírez López. It was designed and executed by Modesto Seara Vázquez, rector of the university.

The Universidad del Mar has positioned itself as one of the best universities in Mexico, as demonstrated by results achieved in the last 13 years, when the bachelor's degrees in tourism administration and international relations have obtained first place in the CENEVAL knowledge test.

Heladio Ramírez
Heladio Elías Ramírez López (born 11 May 1939) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was born in Huajuapan, Oaxaca.

In the 2012 general election Ramírez López was elected to the Senate for the 60th and 61st sessions of Congress as a proportional representation senator. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies during the 1976–79 period, representing the sixth district of Oaxaca, and as the Governor of Oaxaca from 1986 to 1992.

He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1976.
Alfredo Montoya Melgar
Alfredo Montoya Melgar (25 September 1937 – 28 March 2025) was a Spanish jurist and university professor who was justice of the Constitutional Court of Spain between 2017 and 2022. He was a professor of Labor and Social Security Law at the Complutense University of Madrid. Melgar died on 28 March 2025, at the age of 87.

Constitutional Court of Spain
The Constitutional Court (Spanish: Tribunal Constitucional) is the supreme interpreter of the Spanish Constitution, with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes made by any public body, central, regional, or local in Spain. It is defined in Part IX (sections 159 through 165) of the Constitution of Spain, and further governed by Organic Laws 2/1979 (Law of the Constitutional Court of 3 October 1979), 8/1984, 4/1985, 6/1988, 7/1999 and 1/2000. The Court is the "supreme interpreter" of the Constitution, but since the Court is not a part of the Spanish Judiciary, the Supreme Court is the highest court for all judicial matters.
Larry Twitchell
Lawrence Grant Twitchell (February 18, 1864 – April 23, 1930) was an American professional baseball player from 1886 to 1896.  He played nine seasons in Major League Baseball, primarily as an outfielder but occasionally as a pitcher, with seven different major league clubs. His best seasons were spent with the Detroit Wolverines from 1886 to 1888, the Cleveland Spiders in 1889, and the Louisville Colonels from 1893 to 1894.

Known for his strong throwing arm, Twitchell once reportedly threw a baseball 407 feet, further than any other 19th century player. He also served as the manager of the Milwaukee Brewers during the 1895 and 1896 seasons.

Western League (1885–1899)
The Western League was the name of several minor league baseball leagues that operated between 1885 and 1899. These leagues were focused mainly in the Midwestern United States.

The 1893 incarnation of the league hired Ban Johnson as president in 1894.  In 1899, Johnson renamed it the American League and declared that it was now a major league, intending to compete against the older National League of 1876, which was centered in the American Northeast states.
Mount Wilson
Mount Wilson can refer to several things:

Antarctica

Mount Wilson (Antarctica), a mountain on the Bowman Coast of Antarctica

Australia

Mount Wilson, New South Wales, a mountain with a small hamlet

New Zealand

Mount Wilson (New Zealand), highest point of Polar Range

United States

Mount Wilson (Arizona)

Mount Wilson (California)
Mount Wilson Observatory

Mount Wilson (Colorado)

Mount Wilson, Nevada, a census-designated place in Lincoln County

Mount Wilson (Clark County, Nevada)

Mount Wilson (Lyon County, Nevada)

Mount Wilson (Vermont)

Mount Wilson (Clark County, Nevada)
Mount Wilson is a mountain located in the Spring Mountain range of southern Nevada. It is located on land managed by the United States Bureau of Land Management as the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, part of the Rainbow Mountain Wilderness Area. It is the highest peak in the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area.

Mount Wilson is 17 miles (27 km) west of downtown Las Vegas in Clark County, Nevada.
Lower Fox Conference
The Lower Fox Conference is a former high school football conference with its membership concentrated in the lower Fox River valley in southeastern Wisconsin. Founded in 1933 and playing its last season in 1936, the conference's member schools belonged to the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Fox River (Illinois River tributary)
The Fox River is a 202-mile-long (325 km) tributary of the Illinois River, flowing from southeastern Wisconsin to Ottawa, Illinois in the United States. The Wisconsin section was known as the Pishtaka River in the 19th century. There is another Fox River in Wisconsin that flows through Lake Winnebago into Green Bay. There are also two other "Fox Rivers" in southern Illinois: the Fox River (Little Wabash tributary) and a smaller "Fox River" that joins the Wabash River near New Harmony, Indiana.

The Fox River (Illinois River tributary) is known locally as an excellent fishery with opportunities for smallmouth bass, flathead catfish, and walleye.  The river’s watershed encompasses 1,720 square miles (4,500 km2) in Illinois and 938 square miles (2,430 km2) in Wisconsin.
Château de Valençay
Château de Valençay is a château in the commune of Valençay, in the Indre department of France. It was a residence of the d'Estampes and Talleyrand-Périgord families. Although it is part of the province of Berry, its architecture invites comparison with the Renaissance châteaux of the Loire Valley, notably the Château de Chambord. The manor was praised as "one of the most beautiful on earth" by George Sand, who also noted that "no king has owned a more picturesque park".

George Sand
Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil (French: [amɑ̃tin lysil oʁɔʁ dypɛ̃]; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (French: [ʒɔʁʒ(ə) sɑ̃d]), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist. Being more renowned than either Victor Hugo or Honoré de Balzac in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s, Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era. She has more than 50 volumes of various works to her credit, including tales, plays and political texts, alongside her 70 novels.

Like her great-grandmother, Louise Dupin, whom she admired, George Sand advocated for women's rights and passion, criticized the institution of marriage, and fought against the prejudices of a conservative society. She was considered scandalous because of her turbulent love life, her adoption of masculine clothing, and her masculine pseudonym.
Mère et l'enfant apres W. Bouguereau
Mère et l'enfant apres W. Bouguereau (English name: "Mother and Child after W. Bouguereau") is an oil painting on canvas by Henry Salem Hubbell, completed in 1898, and is his earliest known work. Hubbell had moved to Paris, France to study painting at the Académie Julian under William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant, and Jean-Paul Laurens. He painted and exhibited Mother and Child before leaving to study with James Abbott McNeill Whistler at the Académie Carmen, and it is painted in the style of Bouguereau, featuring smooth, barely visible brushstrokes and lifelike imagery. It also features a female subject, head to toe, dressed in flowing clothes, which would become a staple of his style in the years to come.

Jean-Paul Laurens
Jean-Paul Laurens (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃pol loʁɑ̃]; 28 March 1838 – 23 March 1921) was a romanticist French painter and sculptor, and he is one of the last major exponents of the French Academic style.
Mounam Sammadham
Mounam Sammadham (transl. Silence is acquiescence) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language legal thriller film written by S. N. Swamy, directed by K. Madhu and produced by Kovai Chezhiyan. The film stars Mammootty (in his Tamil film debut) and Amala. It revolves around a lawyer representing a wrongfully convicted man.

The film was released on 15 June 1990, and went on to become a commercial and critical success.

Amala Akkineni
Amala Akkineni (born 12 September 1967) is an Indian actress, Bharatanatyam dancer, and activist. She has predominantly worked in Tamil films, in addition to Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam, and Kannada-language films. She was a leading actress in the Tamil film industry from 1986 to 1992 and has appeared in many blockbusters in Tamil and other languages. She has won two Filmfare Awards South, namely Best Actress – Malayalam for the 1991 film Ulladakkam and Best Supporting Actress – Telugu for the 2012 film Life Is Beautiful. Amala is the co-founder of Blue Cross of Hyderabad, a non-government organisation (NGO) in Hyderabad, India, which works towards the welfare of animals and preservation of animal rights in India.
Klawiter
Klawiter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antoni Klawiter (1836–1913), Polish Catholic priest

Jan Klawiter (born 1950), Polish politician

Warren Klawiter (born c. 1943), American football coach

Warren Klawiter
Warren D. Klawiter (born c. 1943) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach for Lees–McRae College in 1975 and Catawba College from 1976 to 1979. He also coached for Southern Illinois, East Carolina, and Virginia.

Klawiter served as athletic director for Lees–McRae during his lone year at the school.
1986 Southern 500
The 1986 Southern 500 was the 21st stock car race of the 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 37th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, August 31, 1986, before an audience of 69,000 in Darlington, South Carolina, at Darlington Raceway, a 1.366 miles (2.198 km) permanent egg-shaped oval racetrack. The race took the scheduled 367 laps to complete. At race's end, Hendrick Motorsports driver Tim Richmond would manage to make a late-race move for the lead with seven to go to win his ninth career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fourth victory of the season. To fill out the podium, Stavola Brothers Racing driver Bobby Allison and Melling Racing driver Bill Elliott would finish second and third, respectively.

Bobby Allison
Robert Arthur Allison (December 3, 1937 – November 9, 2024) was an American professional stock car racing driver and owner. Allison was the founder of the Alabama Gang, a group of drivers based in Hueytown, Alabama, where there were abundant short tracks with high purses. Allison raced competitively in the NASCAR Cup Series from 1961 to 1988, while regularly competing in short track events throughout his career. He also raced in IndyCar, Trans-Am, and Can-Am. Named one of NASCAR's 50 greatest drivers and a member of the NASCAR Hall of Fame, he was the 1983 Winston Cup champion and won the Daytona 500 in 1978, 1982, and 1988.

His brother Donnie Allison was also a prominent driver, as were his two sons, Clifford and Davey Allison. Bobby and Donnie's televised fistfight with Cale Yarborough at the 1979 Daytona 500 has been credited with exposing NASCAR to a nationwide audience. Allison was unusual for competing successfully with his own, low-budget team for much of his career.
Chezidek
Chezidek (born Desbert Johnson; 1973) is a Jamaican roots reggae singer. He is known for his hit singles, "Call Pon Dem" (featured in Grand Theft Auto IV), "Can't Hear Must Feel", "Inna Di Road", and "Leave De Trees".

Roots reggae
Roots reggae is a subgenre of reggae that deals with the everyday lives and aspirations of Africans and those in the African Diaspora, including the spiritual side of Rastafari, black liberation,  revolution and the honouring of God, called Jah by Rastafarians. It is identified with the life of the ghetto sufferer, and the rural poor. Lyrical themes include spirituality and religion, struggles by artists, poverty, black pride, social issues, resistance to fascism, capitalism, corrupt government and racial oppression. A spiritual repatriation to Africa is a common theme in roots reggae.
Yam O
Yam O (Chinese: 陰澳) is a bay located on the northeast shore of Lantau Island, in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is part of the Ma Wan constituency of the Tsuen Wan District Council.

Yam O was the only natural lumber preservation zone in Hong Kong. Even today, travellers passing through Yam O can see natural lumber on stilts in the bay.

Today, Yam O is known for its interchange for the Disneyland Resort line via the nearby Sunny Bay MTR station, built on reclaimed land near Yam O.

Disneyland Resort line
The Disneyland Resort line (Chinese: 迪士尼綫) is a rapid transit line connecting Sunny Bay to the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, coloured pink on the network diagram. It is the seventh line of the former MTR network before the merger of MTR and KCR, and the world's first metro line designed to service a Disney theme park. There are only two stations on this line, Sunny Bay and Disneyland Resort, and the line operates as a shuttle service between these two stations. Sunny Bay station is an interchange station with the Tung Chung line between Tsing Yi and Tung Chung stations. Administratively, the entire line is in Tsuen Wan District, despite being situated on Lantau Island, and is the only MTR line in Hong Kong to run within a single district.
Being Maria
Being Maria (French: Maria) is a 2024 French biographical drama film directed by Jessica Palud from a screenplay by Palud and Laurette Polmanss, freely adapted from Vanessa Schneider's 2018 memoir My Cousin Maria Schneider. It is about the actress Maria Schneider (1952–2011) and dramatizes her experiences working on Bernardo Bertolucci's feature film Last Tango in Paris (1972). It stars Anamaria Vartolomei in the title role, with Céleste Brunnquell, Giuseppe Maggio, Yvan Attal, Marie Gillain, Jonathan Couzinié and Matt Dillon (playing Marlon Brando) in supporting roles.

It had its world premiere in the non-competitive Cannes Premiere section at the 77th Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2024. It was theatrically released on 19 June 2024 by Haut et Court.

StudioCanal
StudioCanal S.A.S., also known as StudioCanal International and Canal+ Production and formerly known as Le Studio Canal+, Canal Plus, Canal+ Distribution and Canal+ D.A., is a French film and television production and distribution company and a subsidiary of Canal+ S.A.

As of September 2025, the company has 13 production companies in Europe and the United States, and holds around 9,000 titles in its film library.
Hughes v Lord Advocate
Hughes v Lord Advocate [1963] UKHL 8 is an important Scottish delict case decided by the House of Lords on causation. The case is also influential in negligence in the English law of tort (even though English law does not recognise "allurement" per se).

The case's main significance is that, after the shift within the common law of negligence from strict liability to a reasonable standard of care, this case advocated a middle way, namely:

Even if the loss or harm is not itself foreseeable, liability may arise provided the actual loss falls with a "foreseeable class of harm".

This idea was neither developed nor expanded upon, and only one year later the claimant in Doughty v Turner Manufacturing obtained no remedy via this "middle way". However, the case was followed in subsequent cases on occupiers' liability.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Monsieur Camembert (album)
Monsieur Camembert is the fourth album from Australian gypsy fusion band of the same name. It was independently released in March 2005 and distributed by MGM Distribution. The band's founder and lead vocalist Yaron Hallis listed their music styles as klezmer, gypsy, jazz, tango and Latin.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2005 Monsieur Camembert won the Best World Music Album. Most of its tracks are from live concerts recorded for Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Radio National.

Radio National
ABC Radio National, more commonly known as Radio National or simply RN, is an Australian nationwide public service radio network run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). From 1947 until 1985, the network was known as ABC Radio 2.
2014 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship Division B
The 2014 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B was the 10th edition of the Division B of the European basketball championship for men's national under-20 teams. It was played from 10 to 20 July 2014 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

FIBA U20 EuroBasket
The FIBA U20 EuroBasket, formerly the FIBA U20 European Championship, and originally the European Championship for Men '22 and Under is an annual men's youth basketball competition contested by the under-20 national teams from FIBA Europe. The current champions are Italy.

The inaugural tournament was in 1992, and was originally an under-22 aged competition from 1992 until 1998. The event was held biennially until 2004, and has been played every year since 2005.

The competition uses a promotion and relegation system to determine new qualifiers for each edition. The bottom three  teams from Division A are relegated, while the top three teams from Division B are promoted. The current champions of Division B are Latvia.
Kaevon Merriweather
Kaevon Merriweather (born December 20, 1999) is an American professional football safety for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent after the 2023 NFL draft.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.
East Bend, Kentucky
East Bend is a region of Boone County, Kentucky, about 20 miles southwest of Cincinnati, Ohio.  The region is well named; there the Ohio River turns left by more than a right angle, and flows east for ten miles or more. On the Kentucky side of the river, the land is mostly bottom land and good farm land. Points on interest are the river towns of Belleville, Mcville, Rabbit Hash, Piatt's Landing and Hamilton. There is a salt spring at Big Bone Lick where mastodon and buffalo bones have been found.

On the Indiana side, the southern edge of the Bedford Limestone forms high rocky hills. Indiana towns are Rising Sun and North Landing.

Early settler families were Piatt, McCoy, Canby, Pepper, Stephens, Ryle, Wilson, Neal, Kirtley, Craig, Lodge, Goss and Gregory.

Rabbit Hash, Kentucky
Rabbit Hash is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Boone County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 254 at the 2020 census. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The town is notable for its name, its string of canine mayors, and its historic general store (c. 1831) which was largely destroyed by fire in 2016.
Dave Graham (climber)
David Ethan Graham (born November 10, 1981) is an American professional rock climber. Professing to enjoy bouldering the most, he is one of the elite sport climbers and boulderers of his generation. Graham repeats classic routes or boulder problems as well as performing cutting-edge first ascents. He is known for climbing in 2005 an 8C (V15) graded boulder problem called The Story of Two Worlds, in Cresciano, Switzerland). He is also known for his stance against grade inflation and for his strong anti-chipping ethic. He writes an ongoing blog for the website of Climbing Magazine.

Glossary of climbing terms
Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Voisava Kastrioti
Voisava was a noblewoman and wife of Gjon Kastrioti, an Albanian feudal lord from the House of Kastrioti. They had nine children together, one of whom was the Albanian national hero Gjergj Kastrioti, better known as Skanderbeg.

Johann Georg von Hahn
Johann Georg von Hahn (11 July 1811 – 23 September 1869) was a German diplomat, philologist and specialist in Albanian history, language and culture, who spent the majority of his career working within the bounds of the Austrian Empire.

Hahn was born in Frankfurt am Main. In 1847, he was named Austrian consul in Ioannina, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire, today in Greece. He was transferred to the Hellenic Kingdom on the island of Syros in 1851, and until 1869 was the consul-general in Athens.  He is considered the founder of Albanian studies. He assembled and published source materials on Albanian language and culture as descendants of ancient Illyrians.