hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chouquette
Chouquettes (French: [ʃukɛt]) or petits choux are small pieces of French patisserie consisting of small spheres of choux pastry, sugared and baked. The term was known in the 16th century, and was originally applied to small savoury spheres. Since the late 17th century choquettes have been sweet.

Pâtisserie
A pâtisserie (French: [pɑtisʁi]; pasticceria in Italian; pastry shop or patisserie in English) is a type of bakery that specializes in pastries and sweets. In French, the word pâtisserie also denotes a pastry as well as pastry-making.

While the making and selling of pastries may often be only one part of the activity of a bakery, in some countries pâtisserie or its equivalents are legally controlled titles which may only be used by bakeries that employ a licensed "master pastry chef" (French: maître pâtissier; Dutch: meester banketbakker; German: Konditormeister). For example, in France and Belgium, the maître pâtissier is a pastry chef who has completed a lengthy training process, typically an apprenticeship, and passed a written examination.
Swing Easy!
Swing Easy! is the eighth studio album by Frank Sinatra. It was released in 1954 as a 10" album (Capitol H-528) and consisted of only eight songs, as each side of the record only allowed approximately fourteen minutes of music.

In 2000 it was voted number 368 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.

Colin Larkin
Colin Larkin (born 1949) is a British music writer. He founded and was the editor-in-chief of The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Along with the ten-volume encyclopedia, Larkin also wrote the book All Time Top 1000 Albums, and edited the Guinness Who's Who of Jazz, the Guinness Who's Who of Blues, and the Virgin Encyclopedia of Heavy Rock. He has more than 650,000 copies in print.
The Borders Just Beyond
The Borders Just Beyond is a collection of fantasy and horror short stories by Joseph Payne Brennan.  It was first published in 1986 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 750 copies, all of which were signed by the author.  Many of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Whispers, Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine, Macabre, Pinnacle, Arkham Sampler and Fantasy Macabre.

Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine
Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine (AHMM) is a bi-monthly digest size fiction magazine specializing in crime and detective fiction. AHMM is named for Alfred Hitchcock, the famed director of suspense films and television.
Coldwater, British Columbia
Coldwater is an Indian reserve community on the Coldwater River in the Nicola Country region of the British Columbia Interior in the Canadian province of British Columbia, located six miles southwest of the City of Merritt.  It is the main reserve of the Coldwater First Nation, the government of the local group of Nlaka'pamux people and was the site of the Coldwater Mission, one of the first Catholic missions in the Interior of the province.  It was at Coldwater that the Duployan shorthand used in the Kamloops Wawa periodical published by the Kamloops diocese was first learned and taught.

Duployan shorthand
The Duployan shorthand, or Duployan stenography (French: Sténographie Duployé), is a shorthand writing system created by Father Émile Duployé in 1860 originally for writing French. Since then, it has been expanded and adapted for writing English, German, Spanish, Romanian, Latin, Danish, and Chinook Jargon. The Duployan stenography is classified as a geometric, alphabetic stenography and is written left-to-right in connected stenographic style. The Duployan shorthands, including Chinook writing, Pernin's Universal Phonography, Perrault's English Shorthand, the Sloan-Duployan Modern Shorthand, and Romanian stenography, were included as a single script in version 7.0 of the Unicode Standard / ISO 10646
Kornelimünster Abbey
Kornelimünster Abbey (German: Benediktinerabtei Kornelimünster), also known as Abbey of the Abbot Saint Benedict of Aniane and Pope Cornelius, is a Benedictine monastery that has been integrated  since 1972. The abbey is located in Aachen (in the district of Kornelimünster/Walheim) in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

Reichenstein Castle (Trechtingshausen)
Reichenstein Castle (German: Burg Reichenstein), also known as Falkenburg is a castle in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley.  It stands on a mountain spur on the eastern slope of the Bingen Forest, above the Rhineland-Palatinate municipality of Trechtingshausen in the Mainz-Bingen district in Germany.
David Carnegie, 4th Earl of Northesk
David Carnegie, 4th Earl of Northesk (1675 – 14 January 1729) was a Scottish peer and politician.

He was born the son of David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk and Elizabeth Lindsay. He was invested as a Privy Councillor of Scotland in 1698 and held the office of Sheriff of Forfar in 1702. He held the office of Lord Commissioner of Treasury for Scotland from 1705 until 1708. He served as a representative peer between 1708 and 1715 and was Commissioner of Trade and Manufacturers in 1711.

He married Lady Margaret Wemyss, daughter of James Wemyss, Lord Burntisland and Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss, on 29 January 1697 and had seven children, including:

Elizabeth Carnegie (2 January 1699 – 21 September 1767)

David Carnegie, 5th Earl of Northesk (11 June 1701 – 24 June 1741)

Margaret Carnegie (1702–7 July 1722)

Admiral George Carnegie, 6th Earl of Northesk (2 August 1716 – 20 January 1792)

Anne Carnegie (1729)

Sheriff of Angus
The Sheriff of Angus (alternatively the Sheriff of Forfar) was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Angus, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice.

Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, they were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.

After the merger of sheriffdoms in 1934 the post became that of the Sheriff of Perth and Angus.
Ellis Vezi
Temba Ellis Vezi (born 16 December 1938) is a retired South African politician who represented the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2007. Before that, he served in the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature from 1999 to 2002. During apartheid, he was a politician and legislator in the KwaZulu bantustan.

KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
The KwaZulu-Natal Legislature is the primary legislative body of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. It is unicameral in its composition and elects the premier and the provincial cabinet from among the leading party or coalition members in the parliament. Thami Ntuli of the Inkatha Freedom Party was elected Premier of KwaZulu-Natal at the first sitting of the provincial legislature on 14 June 2024.
Ulrich von Jungingen
Ulrich von Jungingen (1360 – 15 July 1410) was the 26th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1407 to 1410. His policy of confrontation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland would spark the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War and lead to disaster for his Order, and his own death, at the Battle of Grunwald.

Jan Długosz
Jan Długosz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjan ˈdwuɡɔʂ]; 1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known in Latin as Johannes Longinus, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków. He is considered Poland's first historian.
Bibra Lake (Western Australia)
Bibra Lake (Nyungar: Walliabup) is a freshwater lake in the suburb of Bibra Lake, located south of the central business district of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. The suburb and lake are located within the City of Cockburn local government area. It is bounded by the Roe Highway reservation to the north, Stock Road to the west, the Kwinana Freeway to the east and the freight rail line to the south.

Bibra Lake is the fourth lake (from north to south) of a string of lakes which combined comprise the Beeliar Regional Park. Bibra Lake contains two electric insect traps designed to reduce the number of mosquitoes in the area. A cycle way encircles the lake, which provides access to bird hides.

Stock Road
Stock Road is an arterial road in the southern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. The northern terminus is at Page Street in Attadale, near Point Walter on the Swan River. It runs southwards to Canning Highway and then Leach Highway as a residential road. Beyond Leach Highway, it is part of 
National Route 1, and continues south as a dual carriageway. It ends at Rockingham Road, which runs south as National Route 1 towards Rockingham, and north-west towards Fremantle.
Free nerve ending
A free nerve ending (FNE) or bare nerve ending, is an unspecialized, afferent nerve fiber sending its signal to a sensory neuron. Afferent in this case means bringing information from the body's periphery toward the brain. They function as cutaneous nociceptors and are essentially used by vertebrates to detect noxious stimuli that often result in pain.

Afferent nerve fiber
Afferent nerve fibers are axons (nerve fibers) of sensory neurons that carry sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. Many afferent projections arrive at a particular brain region.

In the peripheral nervous system, afferent nerve fibers are part of the sensory nervous system and arise from outside of the central nervous system. Sensory and mixed nerves contain afferent fibers.
Lalita Sakhi
Lalita (Sanskrit: ललिता, IAST: Lalitā), also commonly called Lalita Sakhi, is a Hindu goddess and one of the most prominent associates of the divine couple Radha Krishna.  In many Vaishnaite traditions and literatures, she is revered as the gopi (milkmaid) of the Braj region and is mentioned as the chief of Ashtasakhi, the eight closest eternal companions of Radha and Krishna.

Lalita is considered as the expansion of Radha and the consort of Krishna. Unchagaon, near Barsana, is considered as the birthplace of Lalita in Dvapara Yuga while Goloka is mentioned as her spiritual abode. Her birth anniversary is celebrated annually on the occasion of Lalita Saptami in Braj, which falls one day before the festival of Radhashtami.

Swami Haridas
Swami Haridas (IAST: Svāmī Haridāsa, also spelt Svāmī Haridās) was an Indian spiritual poet and classical musician. He was a Court musician of Raja Man Singh Tomar of Gwalior and is credited with a large body of devotional compositions, especially in the Dhrupad style. He is also the founder of the Haridasi school of mysticism which is still found today in North India. His work influenced both the classical music and the Bhakti movements of North India, especially those devoted to Krishna's consort Radha.
Ptychochromis insolitus
Ptychochromis insolitus, also known as the Mangarahara cichlid or joba mena, is a species of cichlid endemic to certain river systems in northern Madagascar. This critically endangered fish is threatened by habitat loss and competition from introduced species; after the last-known female was killed during a breeding attempt, its conservation received significant international attention as London Zoo launched a media campaign to identify any remaining individuals. A remnant population was discovered by aquaculture entrepreneur Guy Tam Hyock in 2013, and breeding programs in Madagascar and at Toronto Zoo have resulted in thousands of successful hatchlings.

Extinct in the wild
A species that is extinct in the wild (EW) is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as only consisting of living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range. Classification requires exhaustive surveys conducted within the species' known habitat with consideration given to seasonality, time of day, and life cycle. Once a species is classified as EW, the only way for it to be downgraded is through reintroduction.

Not all EW species are rare. An example is the Brugmansia genus, where all seven species are widely cultivated, but none are found in the wild.
Goblet word
Zhīyán (Chinese: 卮言; lit. 'goblet words') is an ancient Chinese rhetorical device, supposedly named in analogy with a type of zhi wine vessel that tilts over when full and rights itself when empty. The Daoist classic Zhuangzi first recorded this term for a mystical linguistic ideology, which is generally interpreted to mean fluid language that maintains its equilibrium through shifting meanings and viewpoints, thus enabling one to spontaneously go along with all sides of an argument.

Language ideology
Language ideology (also known as linguistic ideology) is, within anthropology (especially linguistic anthropology), sociolinguistics, and cross-cultural studies, any set of beliefs about languages as they are used in their social worlds.  Language ideologies are conceptualizations about languages, speakers, and discursive practices. Like other kinds of ideologies, language ideologies are influenced by political and moral interests, and they are shaped in a cultural setting. When recognized and explored, language ideologies expose how the speakers' linguistic beliefs are linked to the broader social and cultural systems to which they belong, illustrating how the systems beget such beliefs.  By doing so, language ideologies link implicit and explicit assumptions about a language or language in general to their social experience as well as their political and economic interests.
Expedition 33 (ISS)
Expedition 33 was the 33rd long-duration expedition to the International Space Station (ISS). It began on 16 September 2012 with the departure from the ISS of the Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft, which returned the Expedition 32 crew to Earth.

Soyuz TMA-04M
Soyuz TMA-04M was a spaceflight to Low Earth orbit that transported three members of the Expedition 31 crew to the International Space Station (ISS), which was launched on 15 May 2012 and landed on 17 September 2012. TMA-04M was the Soyuz spacecraft's 113th flight since its initial launch in 1967, and the fourth launch of the improved Soyuz TMA-M series (first launched 7 October 2010). As per the mission plan, the spacecraft remained docked to the space station to serve as an emergency escape vehicle during Expedition 31.

The mission was successfully launched to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Tuesday, 15 May 2012, at 3:01:23 UTC (9:01:23 local time). The Soyuz docked successfully with the ISS on 17 May at 4:36 UTC. The spacecraft carried to the ISS a three-person crew (Gennady Padalka, Russia; Sergei Revin, Russia; Joseph Acaba, United States). The mission landed successfully in Kazakhstan on 17 September 2012, at 2:53 UTC.
Indigenous resurgence
Indigenous resurgence is a transformative movement of resistance and decolonization. The practice of Indigenous resurgence is a form of regenerative nation-building and reconnection with all their relations. It constitutes kin-centric relationships among BIPOC peoples and with the natural world.

Leanne Betasamosake Simpson
Leanne Betasamosake Simpson is a Mississauga Nishnaabeg writer, musician, and academic from Canada. She is also known for her work with Idle No More protests. Simpson is a faculty member at the Dechinta Centre for Research and Learning. She lives in Peterborough, Ontario.
Epichloë danica
Epichloë danica is a hybrid asexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë.

A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 2013, Epichloë danica is a natural allopolyploid of Epichloë bromicola and Epichloë sylvatica.

Epichloë danica is found in Europe, where it has been identified in the grass species Hordelymus europaeus.

Hordelymus
Hordelymus is a genus of European, north African, and southwest Asian plants in the grass family.

The only known species is Hordelymus europaeus, native to Europe (from Sweden + Ireland to Spain, Italy, and Russia) as well as North Africa (Algeria + Morocco) and southwestern Asia (Turkey + Caucasus). Wood-barley is a common name for H. europaeus.

formerly included

see Taeniatherum

Hordelymus asper - Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Hordelymus caput-medusae - Taeniatherum caput-medusae
Thomas Adams (organist, born 1785)
Thomas Adams (5 September 1785 – 15 September 1858) was an English organist and composer for organ. He was one of the most remarkable organists, improvisators and extempore performers of his day.

Born probably in London, Adams studied under Dr. Thomas Busby and served as organist at several prominent London churches, namely Carlisle Chapel, Lambeth; St. Paul's, Deptford; St. George's, Camberwell; St. Dunstan-in-the-East. His published organ works include many fugues, voluntaries, ninety interludes, and several variations on popular airs. He also wrote variations for piano and many anthems, hymns, and sacred songs. For many years he was in charge of performances on Flight & Robson's Apollonicon.

Among his students was Edward Collett May.

He died in London at the age of 73 on 15 September 1858.

Intermezzo
In music, an intermezzo (/ˌɪntərˈmɛtsoʊ/, Italian pronunciation: [interˈmɛddzo], plural form: intermezzi), in the most general sense, is a composition which fits between other musical or dramatic entities, such as acts of a play or movements of a larger musical work. In music history, the term has had several different usages, which fit into two general categories: the opera intermezzo and the instrumental intermezzo.
Taghmaconnell
Taghmaconnell also known as Taughmaconnell (Irish: Teach Mhic Conaill, meaning 'MacConaill's house'), is a small village in County Roscommon, Ireland. It is situated between Athlone and Ballinasloe. The village lends its name to the parish and civil parish in which it is located.

The local economy is predominantly based on agriculture, with many residents being farmers. Additionally, some villagers work in large factories and government offices in the nearby towns. The village has one of the lowest crime rates in the country.

Athlone is 14 km (9 mi) to the east, and Ballinasloe 10 km (6 mi) to the south-west. There are castle ruins to be seen in Castlesampson, Clonbigney and Dundonnell.

County Roscommon
County Roscommon (Irish: Contae Ros Comáin) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the province of Connacht and the Northern and Western Region. It is the 11th largest Irish county by area and 26th most populous. Its county town and largest town is Roscommon. Roscommon County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,259 as of the 2022 census.
Kim Cham
Kim Cham Yau-sum JP (born 16 April 1946, Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong businessman, accountant and politician.

He studied at the St. Paul's Co-Educational College and graduated from the University of Hong Kong with bachelor's degree in Economics in 1968. He continued his master's degree at the Queen's University in Canada and later the doctoral degree at the University of Bath in England. He also obtained a certificate in Business Education at the Harvard Business School and a diploma in financial management at the University of New England in Australia.

He is the fellow of the British Institute of Management, Institute of Canadian Bankers (FICB), associate member of the Australian Society of Accountants and Hong Kong Society of Accountants.

He came to politics when he was appointed as a member of the Urban Council. He was later appointed to the Legislative Council in 1984 by Governor Edward Youde. He served as the chairman of the Hong Kong Future Exchanges.

St. Paul's Co-educational College
St. Paul's Co-educational College (SPCC; Chinese: 聖保羅男女中學) is an Anglican secondary school located at 33 MacDonnell Road, Mid-Levels, Hong Kong. It was founded in 1915 as a girls-only school until the outbreak of World War II, after which it was converted into a co-educational school. It is the first school in the Round Square network in Greater China, and offers the HKDSE and IBDP curricula in parallel. It, along with its affiliated primary school, has also been under the Direct Subsidy Scheme since 2001.

The school's motto is Faith, Hope and Love, derived from 1 Corinthians 13 of the Bible.
Greyfriars, Shrewsbury
Greyfriars, Shrewsbury was a friary in Shropshire, England.

Owen de la Pole (c. 1257 – c. 1293), also known as Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, the last Prince of Powys,  was buried here, as was his daughter  Hawise Gadarn (the Hardy), her husband John Charleton, 1st Baron Cherleton, and Owen's father Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn. An early 16th century sandstone range, thought to have been the refectory, survives as a house near Greyfriars Bridge.

Owen de la Pole
Owen de la Pole (c. 1257 – c. 1293), also known as Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, was the heir presumptive to the Welsh principality of Powys Wenwynwyn until 1283 when it was abolished by the Parliament of Shrewsbury. He became the 1st Lord of Powis after the death of his father Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn c. 1287. He is not related to the English de la Pole family descended from William de la Pole, Chief Baron of the Exchequer in the following century, later Earls and Dukes of Suffolk.
Cycleway 3
Cycleway 3 (C3) is a cycle route in London, England. It is part of the Cycleway network coordinated by TfL. It runs from Barking in the east to Lancaster Gate in central London. It is a popular route with both commuter and leisure cyclists, passing a number of major destinations in London along its route. For almost the entire route, cyclists are separated from other traffic in segregated cycle lanes, and cycling infrastructure has been provided at major interchanges. The cycleway, originally called Cycle Superhighway 3, was renamed to Cycleway 3 in January 2023.

Greatfields Park
Greatfields Park, in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, east London, is a public park of just under 6 hectares. It lies just north of the A13 road (Alfreds Way, Barking bypass trunk road), and is bounded on other sides by Greatfields Road, Movers Lane, and Perth Road.

It contains tennis courts, playgrounds, flower gardens, and grass areas for football and other games.

The park was officially opened in 1926, but had already existed for five years as the Movers Lane Playing Field.
Azaz Subdistrict
Azaz Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز أعزاز, romanized: Nāḥiyah A‘zāz)  is a subdistrict of Azaz District in northwestern Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Azaz. Neighbouring subdistricts are Sawran to the east, Tell Rifaat to the south, and the subdistricts Afrin and Bulbul of Afrin District to the west or southwest, respectively. To the north is the Kilis Province of Turkey.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 47,570.

Kilis Province
Kilis Province (Turkish: Kilis ili) is a province in southern Turkey, on the border with Syria. Its area is 1,412 km2, and its population is 147,919 (2022). The province was created in 1995 from the southern part of Gaziantep Province. The city of Kilis is home to over 75% of the inhabitants of the province; the other towns and villages are very small.
Valeria (ancient Roman women)
See also Valeria (given name).

Valeria was a name used in ancient Rome for women of the gens Valeria. Notable figures include:

Valeria, the sister of P. Valerius Publicola, who is said to have advised the Roman matrons to ask Veturia, the mother of Coriolanus, to go to the camp of Coriolanus in order to deprecate his resentment.

Valeria Messala, the fifth wife of Lucius Cornelius Sulla.

Valeria Messalina, died 48, third wife of the Emperor Claudius.

Valeria Maximilla, Empress of Rome and wife of Emperor Maxentius

Messalina
Valeria Messalina (Latin: [waˈlɛria mɛssaːˈliːna]; c. 17/20–48) was the third wife of Roman emperor Claudius. She was a paternal cousin of Emperor Nero, a second cousin of Emperor Caligula, and a great-grandniece of Emperor Augustus. A powerful and influential woman with a reputation for promiscuity, she allegedly conspired against her husband and was executed on the discovery of the plot. Her notorious reputation may have resulted from political bias, but works of art and literature have perpetuated it into modern times.