hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan Government College of Home Economics
The Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan Government College of Home Economics (also known as RLAK CHE) (Urdu: دانش کدہَ  رعنا لیاقت علی خان برائے علومِ معاشیاتِ خانگی) is an all-girls college, established in 1952 in Karachi, Pakistan. RLAK-CHE is a professional-level college offering numerous highly specialized and technical courses in five different areas of Home Economics – i.e. Apparel & Textiles, Art & Design, Family & Human Development, Nutrition & Dietetics, Residential Management & Entrepreneurship; – including internships and research projects in the senior-most year of studies that are a compulsory requirement for every student graduating from the college.

RLAK CHE also offers compulsory education in Language, Literature, History, Religion, Statistics and Computing to enhance and add to professional and transferable skills of young girl-students.

Development theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there are different explanations to the process of development and their inequalities.
Hyundai Aslan
The Hyundai Aslan is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Hyundai from 2014–2017. Its exterior and interior design are similar to those of the rear-wheel-drive Genesis but it shares the front-wheel-drive Y6 platform with the Grandeur. In terms of size, it is situated between the Grandeur and Genesis replacing the market segment previously held by the Dynasty. The name "aslan" is Turkish for lion.

Headlamp
A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, headlamp is the term for the device itself and headlight is the term for the beam of light produced and distributed by the device.

Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness.

Other vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a small generator like a bottle or hub dynamo.
Arash Amel
Arash Amel (Persian: آرش عامل) (born 1976) is a Welsh-Iranian screenwriter, graphic novelist and producer. He is the screenwriter of A Private War and The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare, and the creator of two graphic novels, including Butterfly, on which the Amazon MGM Studios series of the same name is based.

Amazon MGM Studios
Amazon MGM Studios is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Amazon, and headquartered at the Culver Studios complex in Culver City, California. Launched in November 2010 as Amazon Studios, the company adopted its name in October 2023 after its merger with MGM Holdings, which Amazon had acquired the year prior.

Productions from the studio are primarily distributed through theaters and Amazon's own streaming media service, Amazon Prime Video.

Alongside Amazon Prime Video, the company constitutes one half of Amazon's membership in the Motion Picture Association (MPA), which it joined in October 2024.
Podporozhye
Podporozhye (Russian: Подпоро́жье and Russian: По́дпорожье) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Podporozhye, Leningrad Oblast, a town in Podporozhsky District of Leningrad Oblast; incorporated as Podporozhskoye Settlement Municipal Formation

Rural localities

Podporozhye, Republic of Karelia, a settlement in Pudozhsky District of the Republic of Karelia

Podporozhye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Mokrushinsky Selsoviet of Kazachinsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Abolished localities

Podporozhye, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a former village in Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Spinorphin
Spinorphin is an endogenous, non-classical opioid peptide of the hemorphin family first isolated from the bovine spinal cord (hence the prefix spin-) and acts as a regulator of the enkephalinases, a class of enzymes that break down endogenous the enkephalin peptides. It does so by inhibiting the enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN), dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Spinorphin is a heptapeptide and has the amino acid sequence Leu-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr (LVVYPWT). It has been observed to possess antinociceptive, antiallodynic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanism of action of spinorphin has not been fully elucidated (i.e., how it acts to inhibit the enkephalinases), but it has been found to act as an antagonist of the P2X3 receptor,  and as a weak partial agonist/antagonist of the FP1 receptor.

P2RX3
P2X purinoceptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX3 gene.

The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel and may transduce ATP-evoked nociceptor activation. Mouse studies suggest that this receptor is important for peripheral pain responses, and also participates in pathways controlling urinary bladder volume reflexes, platelet aggregation, macrophage activation, apoptosis and neuronal–glial interactions. It is possible that the development of selective antagonists for this receptor may have a therapeutic potential in pain relief and in the treatment of disorders of urine storage.
Officer cadet (British Armed Forces)
Officer cadet is a rank used by the branches of the British Armed Forces, with slight differences between the branches. It is used by personnel who are undergoing officer training, prior to them commissioning as Officers. The rank has no command authority and is not saluted or addressed as Sir or Ma'am.

The rank does not have a NATO code, but codes such as OF-0 and OF-D have been used informally to categorise the rank.

Commission (document)
A commission is a formal document issued to appoint a named person to high office or as a commissioned officer in a territory's armed forces.  A commission constitutes documentary authority that the person named is vested with the powers of that office and is empowered to execute official acts. A commission often takes the form of letters patent.

Commissions are typically issued in the name of or signed by the head of state. In Commonwealth realms, the documentation is referred to as a King's Commission or Queen's Commission (depending on the gender of the reigning monarch). However, in Commonwealth realms other than the United Kingdom, they may be signed by the governor-general, the representative of the monarch of that realm.
Holden railway station
Holden railway station is a closed railway station on the Bendigo railway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It opened on 1 January 1860, and closed on 31 December 1860.

Following its closure nearby residents continued to petition authorities for a station or request stop to be reintroduced but this was never adopted. Another proposal to construct a new 6 miles (9.7 km) branch line from the site of the former station to Bacchus Marsh via Coimadai also did not proceed.

Coimadai
Coimadai (/ˈkɒmaɪdə/) is a locality in central Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Shire of Moorabool, 63 kilometres (39 mi) west of the state capital, Melbourne. The town name comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "Resting Male Kangaroo".

At the 2021 census, Coimadai had a population of 409.
Sambia Sexual Culture
Sambia Sexual Culture: Essays from the Field is a 1999 book about the Simbari people and their sexual practices by the anthropologist Gilbert Herdt. The book received negative reviews, accusing Herdt of being biased in his approach and his conclusions. In the book the Simbari people are called Sambia people

Anthropologica
Anthropologica is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal and the official publication of the Canadian Anthropology Association, published by University of Victoria Libraries. It was established in 1955 and the editor-in-chief is Alexandrine Boudreault-Fournier (University of Victoria).
Młynki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Młynki [ˈmwɨŋki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piekoszów, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) west of Piekoszów and 22 km (14 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Uriah P. Levy
Uriah Phillips Levy (April 22, 1792 – March 22, 1862) was a naval officer, real estate investor, and philanthropist. He was a veteran of the War of 1812 and the first Jewish Commodore of the United States Navy.  He was instrumental in helping to end the Navy's practice of flogging, and during his half-century-long service prevailed against the antisemitism he faced among some of his fellow naval officers.

An admirer of Thomas Jefferson, Levy purchased and began the restoration of Monticello in the 1830s. He also commissioned and donated a statue of Jefferson that is now located in the Capitol Rotunda; it is the only privately commissioned artwork in the Capitol.

Master (naval)
The master, or sailing master, is an historical rank for a naval warrant officer trained in and responsible for the navigation and ship handling of a sailing vessel.

In the Royal Navy, the master was ranked with, but after, the lieutenants. The rank became a commissioned officer rank and was renamed navigating lieutenant in 1867; the rank gradually fell out of use from around 1890 since all lieutenants were required to pass the same examinations.

When the United States Navy was formed in 1794, master was listed as one of the warrant officer ranks and ranked between midshipmen and lieutenants.  The rank was also a commissioned officer rank from 1837 until it was replaced with the current rank of lieutenant, junior grade in 1883.
Tarumania
Tarumania is a genus of freshwater fish described in 2017. It contains a single species, Tarumania walkerae, and constitutes the only genus in the family Tarumaniidae. T. walkerae is a predatory species that hunts among the leaf litter on the bottom of flooded forests in the Rio Negro drainage basin.

Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro (Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge. It originates in the tepuis of the department of Guainía, Colombia, and then flows southeastward before finally entering Brazil. Despite its high flow, the Rio Negro has a low sediment load (5.76 million tonnes per year on average in Manaus).
2005 AFF U-23 Youth Championship
The 2005 AFF U-23 Youth Championship was the first ever edition of the AFF U-23 Youth Championship, organised by ASEAN Football Federation. The tournament was held from 29 August to 7 September in Bangkok, Thailand. This tournament was also known as the pre-SEA Games tournament, as a preparatory tournament for the nations competing in the Manila SEA Games in December of the same year.

ASEAN Football Federation
The ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) is an organisation within the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and is an international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer in Southeast Asia. It consists of the federations of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

The AFF was founded by member states of, and is officially associated with, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), even though it also includes Australia, a pacific nation, after leaving Oceania Football Confederation in 2006.
Abdullah Tal
Abdullah El Tell (Arabic: عبدالله التل, 17 July 1918 – 1973; his surname is also rendered Tal) was a Jordanian military officer. He served as the commander of the 6th regiment of Jordan's Arab Legion during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and was one of the main Jordanian military leaders in the Battle for Jerusalem as well as the West Bank front of the war.

El Tell served as the military governor of the Old City of Jerusalem, a position he was appointed in during the 1948 War. He later fled into exile after he was accused of being a conspirator in the assassination of Jordan's king Abdullah I−which he vehemently denied−and spent many years in exile in Egypt before returning to Jordan in 1967.

Jaffa Gate
Jaffa Gate (Hebrew: שער יפו, romanized: Sha'ar Yafo; Arabic: باب الخليل, romanized: Bāb al-Khalīl, "Hebron Gate") is one of the seven main open gates of the Old City of Jerusalem.

The name Jaffa Gate is currently used for both the historical Ottoman gate from 1538, and for the wide gap in the city wall adjacent to it to the south. The old gate has the layout of a medieval gate tower with an L-shaped entryway, which was secured at both ends (north and east) with heavy doors.

The breach in the wall was created in 1898 by the Ottoman authorities in order to allow German emperor Wilhelm II to enter the city triumphally. The breach and the ramp leading to it now allow cars to access the Old City from the west.

The L-shape of the historical gateway was a classical defensive measure designed to slow oncoming attackers, with its outer gate oriented in the direction of Jaffa Road, from which travellers including pilgrims arrived at the end of their journey from the port of Jaffa.
Aadum Koothu
Aadum Koothu is a 2006 Indian Tamil romantic drama film written and directed by T. V. Chandran and starring Navya Nair, Cheran, Prakash Raj, Aari Arujunan, Seeman, and Manorama. The film premiered at the 37th International Film Festival of India in 2006 and had a limited release across theatres in 2008. Later, Zee Tamizh telecast this film. The film received critical praise and won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil.

Manorama (Tamil actress)
Gopishantha (26 May 1937 – 10 October 2015), better known by her stage name Manorama, also called  Aachi, was an Indian actress, comedian and playback singer who had appeared in more than 1500 films and 5000 stage performances predominantly in the Tamil and also in  Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Sinhala. She was honoured with Kalaimamani award in 1995. In 2002, Government of India awarded Manorama the Padma Shri for her contribution to the arts. She is a recipient of one National Film Award, one Filmfare Award South and seven Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.
Verónica Carreón Cervantes
Verónica Carreón Cervantes (born 3 July 1970) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

In the 2012 general election she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the seventh district of Veracruz on a Green Ecologist Party of Mexico (PVEM) ticket. However, she switched allegiance from the PVEM to the PRI on 4 September 2012.

7th federal electoral district of Veracruz
The 7th federal electoral district of Veracruz (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 07 de Veracruz) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 19 such districts in the state of Veracruz.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in this district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Mónica Herrera Villavicencio of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Nesbyen Municipality
Nesbyen is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Hallingdal.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Nesbyen.

The parish of Næs was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area of Flå was separated from Nes on 1 January 1905 to become a separate municipality. The name was changed from Nes to Nesbyen in 2020.

Districts of Norway
The country of Norway is historically divided into a number of districts. Many districts have deep historical roots, and only partially coincide with today's administrative units of counties and municipalities. The districts are defined by geographical features, often valleys, mountain ranges, fjords, plains, or coastlines, or combinations of the above. Many such regions were petty kingdoms up to the early Viking Age.
Vasily Petrovich Orlov
Vasily Petrovich Orlov (Russian: Василий Петрович Орлов) was a Russian Full General of Cavalry. Hero of Russo-Turkish Wars of 1768–1774 and 1787–1792, particularly the storming of Izmail. Ataman of the Don Cossacks, received orders to command the Indian March of Paul in January 1801 from Emperor Paul I of Russia. His wife Daria Fedorovna, was a daughter of Ataman Count Fedor Petrovich Denisov and son of Vasily Petrovich Vasily Orlov-Denisov, a Don Cossacks General in honour of his grandfather Fedor Petrovich Denisov added his surname to his own, becoming count Orlov-Denisov on 26 April 1801.

Ataman
Ataman (variants: otaman, wataman, vataman; Russian: атаман, romanized: ataman; Ukrainian: отаман, romanized: otaman, German: Feldataman) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military commanders of the Cossack armies. The Ukrainian version of the same word is hetman. Otaman in Ukrainian Cossack forces was a position of a lower rank.
Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport Highway
Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport Road/Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport Highway or Federal Route 15 is a major highway in Selangor, Malaysia that links the  FT 2 Federal Highway (Malaysia) and Sungai Buloh towards the Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport.

Malaysia Federal Route 2
The Federal Route 2 is a major east–west oriented federal highway in Malaysia. The 276.9 kilometres (172 mi) road connects Port Klang in Selangor to Kuantan Port in Pahang. The Federal Route 2 became the backbone of the road system linking the east and west coasts of Peninsula Malaysia before being surpassed by the East Coast Expressway E8.
Count of Lemos
Count of Lemos (Spanish: Conde de Lemos) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1456 by Henry IV to Pedro Álvarez Osorio, as a result of his marriage to Beatriz Enríquez de Castilla, a cousin of the king.

The title makes reference to the town of Monforte de Lemos in Lugo, Spain.

Province of Lugo
The province of Lugo (Spanish: Provincia de Lugo, Galician: Provincia de Lugo) is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Galicia. It is bordered by the provinces of Ourense, Pontevedra, A Coruña, and León, the principality of Asturias, and in the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).

The population is 325,048, of which over a quarter live in the capital Lugo. The capital city was an ancient Celtic settlement named in honour of the god Lugh (see Lyon), later Latinised as Lucus Augusti, and which became one of the three main important Galician-Roman centres alongside Braccara Augusta and Asturica Augusta (modern Braga and Astorga respectively). The province has 67 municipalities.
Louisiana and Pacific Railway
The Louisiana & Pacific Railway Company, controlled by the Long-Bell Lumber Company, had a total of 30.904 miles of tracks and trackage rights of 45 miles on the Lake Charles & Northern, between DeRidder and Bridge Junction (Lake Charles), and 6.3 miles from Bundicks (Longacre) to Hoy

The railway connected with the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway Company at DeRidder, the Kansas City Southern Railway Company at Bon Ami, DeRidder, and Lake Charles, the Lake Charles & Northern Railroad Company at DeRidder (Junction), Fayette, Lake Charles, and Longville, the Louisiana Western Railroad Company at Lake Charles, the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company at Lake Charles, and the New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railway at Fulton which was 2 to 3 miles east of Ragley and one mile from Pearl.

The only surviving steam locomotive from the L&P is Virginia and Truckee Railroad 2-8-0 No.29.

Lake Charles, Louisiana
Lake Charles is the fifth-most populous city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and the parish seat of Calcasieu Parish, located on the namesake lake, Prien Lake, and the Calcasieu River. Founded in 1861 in Calcasieu Parish, it is a major industrial, cultural, and educational center in the southwest region of Louisiana. As of the 2020 U.S. census, Lake Charles's population was 84,872.

The city and metropolitan area of Lake Charles is considered a significant center of petrochemical refining, gambling, tourism, and education, being home to McNeese State University and Sowela Technical Community College. Because of the lakes and waterways throughout the city, metropolitan Lake Charles is often called the "Lake Area".