hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open-source software advocacy
Open-source software advocacy is the practice of attempting to increase the awareness and improve the perception of open-source software. In some cases, this may be in opposition to proprietary software or intellectual property concepts (e.g. patents and copyrights as a whole).

Leading open-source advocates include Brian Behlendorf, Tim O'Reilly, Eric Raymond, Linus Torvalds, Mitch Kapor, Jim Jagielski and Paul Vixie. Others that advocate the related free software movement include Richard Stallman, Alan Cox, Jimmy Wales and Eben Moglen. Bruce Perens is a prominent figure who works to promote both terms.

There are even broadcast and podcast radio shows whose sole subject is open source advocacy. Gutsy Geeks and Open Source (radio show) are but two examples.

Paul Vixie
Paul Vixie (born May 23, 1963) is an American computer scientist whose technical contributions include Domain Name System (DNS) protocol design and procedure, mechanisms to achieve operational robustness of DNS implementations, and significant contributions to open source software principles and methodology.  He also created and launched the first successful commercial anti-spam service. He authored the standard UNIX system programs SENDS, proxynet, rtty and Vixie cron. At one point he ran his own consulting business, Vixie Enterprises. In 2002, Vixie held the record for "most CERT advisories due to a single author".
Meraha
Meraha is a genus of southeast Asian cellar spiders. The genus was erected in 2018 for two species transferred from Pholcus after a molecular phylogenetic study of Pholcidae. The name is derived from the Malay "merah", meaning "red", referring to the reddish-orange hue of pedipalps. They are average sized cellar spiders with a cylindrical abdomen, and they build domed webs .5 to 2 metres (1 ft 8 in to 6 ft 7 in) above the ground.

Pedipalp
Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and anterior to the first pair of walking legs.
Leading Edge Model D
The Leading Edge Model D is an IBM clone first released by Leading Edge Hardware in July 1985. It was initially priced at $1,495 and configured with dual 5.25" floppy drives, 256 KB of RAM, and a monochrome monitor. It was the first Korean-made PC to be sold in the United States, manufactured by South Korean conglomerate Daewoo and distributed by Canton, Massachusetts-based Leading Edge. Engineer Stephen Kahng spent about four months designing the Model D at a cost of $200,000. Kahng later became CEO of Macintosh clone maker Power Computing.

In August 1986, Leading Edge cut the price of the base model by $200, to $1,295, and increased the base memory of the machine to 512 KB.

The Model D was an immediate success, selling 100,000 units in its first year of production. It sold well for several years, until a dispute with dealers forced Leading Edge into bankruptcy in 1989.

Monochrome monitor
A monochrome monitor is a type of computer monitor in which computer text and images are displayed in varying tones of only one color, as opposed to a color monitor that can display text and images in multiple colors. They were very common in the early days of computing, from the 1960s through the 1980s, before color monitors became widely commercially available. They are still widely used in applications such as computerized cash register systems, owing to the age of many registers. Green screen was the common name for a monochrome monitor using a green "P1" phosphor screen; the term is often misused to refer to any block mode display terminal, regardless of color, e.g., IBM 3279, 3290.

Abundant in the early-to-mid-1980s, they succeeded Teletype terminals and preceded color CRTs and later LCDs as the predominant visual output device for computers.
Arshak Adamian
Arshak Adamian (1884–1956) was an Armenian conductor, composer, art critic, pedagogue. Merited Artist of the RA. He was the founding artistic director and Principal Conductor of Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra in 1924–1926.

Adamian studied piano and composition at Schtern Conservatory in Berlin (1904–1906). Then he graduated from Law Department, St. Petersburg University. From 1924 to 1926 he was the Rector of Yerevan Conservatory, then worked as professor of Leningrad Conservatory.

Saint Petersburg Conservatory
The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory (Russian: Санкт-Петербургская государственная консерватория имени Н. А. Римского-Корсакова) (formerly known as the Petrograd Conservatory and Leningrad Conservatory) is a school of music in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2013, the conservatory had around 400 faculty members and over 1300 students.
Van Buren Confederate Monument
The Van Buren Confederate Monument is located in front of the Crawford County Courthouse in Van Buren, Arkansas. Built in 1899 by the Mary Lee Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the structure was initially erected in Fairview Cemetery. Honoring Confederate dead from the Battle of Pea Ridge, Battle of Prairie Grove, and the Battle of Wilson's Creek, the Sons of the Confederacy requested the memorial be relocated to the courthouse lawn in 1906, and it has remained there ever since. The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as part of the Civil War Commemorative Sculpture Multiple Property Submission.

Battle of Pea Ridge
The Battle of Pea Ridge (March 7–8, 1862), also known as the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern, took place during the American Civil War near Leetown, northeast of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Federal forces, led by Brig. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis, moved south from central Missouri, driving Confederate forces into northwestern Arkansas. Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn had launched a Confederate counteroffensive, hoping to recapture northern Arkansas and Missouri. Confederate forces  met at Bentonville and became the most substantial Rebel force, by way of guns and men, to assemble in the Trans-Mississippi.  Against the odds, Curtis held off the Confederate attack on the first day and drove Van Dorn's force off the battlefield on the second. By defeating the Confederates, the Union forces established Federal control of most of Missouri and northern Arkansas.
Panther Kallista
The Panther Kallista is an automobile produced by Panther Westwinds from 1982 to 1990, and later by SsangYong until 1993. It replaced the Lima as Panther's volume model for the 1980s.

Unlike the Vauxhall-based Lima, the Kallista used Ford mechanicals, including a range of engines from the 1.6-litre CVH straight-four to the 2.9 L Cologne V6. Like its predecessor, it featured styling resembling earlier Allard and Morgan cars.

The Kallista used an aluminium body over a purpose-built steel chassis and could accelerate from 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in under 8 seconds.

A Kallista appears in the 1987 film Timestalkers.

SsangYong Group
SsangYong Group (Korean: 쌍용그룹; RR: Ssangyong geurup) was a South Korean chaebol (a Korean family-controlled conglomerate). Tracing its origins to 1939, by the 1970s it was one of the largest enterprise groups in the country, before disintegrating in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Internationally, the group was best known as the parent of Ssangyong Engineering and Construction, SsangYong Cement, SsangYong Paper, Ssangyong Oil Refining, Ssangyong Investment & Securities, and SsangYong Motor Company  among its many interests.

The name SsangYong is taken from the Hanja characters 雙龍, which translate literally to "Double Dragon."
If... (comic)
If... is a political comic strip which appeared in the United Kingdom newspaper, The Guardian, written and drawn by Steve Bell from its creation in 1981.

In July 2020, Bell told the Press Gazette that If... would "probably" be coming to an end in 2021 due to forthcoming budget cuts at The Guardian. The final If... strip was published on 29 April 2021.

Press Gazette
Press Gazette, formerly known as UK Press Gazette (UKPG), is a British trade magazine dedicated to journalism and the press. First published in 1965, it had a circulation of about 2,500 before becoming online-only in 2013. Published with the strapline "Future of Media", it covers news about newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, and the online press, dealing with launches, closures, moves, legislation and technological advances affecting journalists.

It is funded by subscriptions, recruitment and classified advertising, and display advertising. It is owned by Progressive Media Investments, which also owns the magazines New Statesman and Spear's.
Hamblin (surname)
Hamblin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Leonard Hamblin (1922-1985), Australian philosopher, logician and professor

Henry Thomas Hamblin (1873-1958), English mystic, author, and publisher

Jacob Hamblin (1819-1886), American pioneer and missionary

Jacob Darwin Hamblin (born 1974), American historian of science, technology, and environmental issues

James Hamblin (disambiguation), multiple people

Joseph Eldridge Hamblin (1828-1870), American general during the Civil War

Ken Hamblin (1940- ), host of the Ken Hamblin Show

T. J. Hamblin (1943-2012), Professor of Immunohaematology at the University of Southampton

Thomas S. Hamblin (1800-1853), English actor and theatre manager

William J. Hamblin, professor of history at Brigham Young University

Jacob Hamblin
Jacob Hamblin (April 2, 1819 – August 31, 1886) was a Western pioneer, a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and a diplomat to various Native American tribes of the Southwest and Great Basin. He aided European-American settlement of large areas of southern Utah and northern Arizona, where he was seen as an honest broker between Latter-day Saint settlers and the Natives. He is sometimes referred to as the "Buckskin Apostle", or the "Apostle to the Lamanites". In 1958, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.
King Fahd Mosque (Sarajevo)
The King Fahd Mosque (Bosnian: Džamija kralja Fahda), also known as King Fahd Bin Abdul Aziz Alsaud Mosque Bosnian: Džamija kralja Fahd Bin Abdul Aziz Alsauda), is a Sunni mosque, located in the Alipašino polje neighbourhood of Sarajevo, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the largest mosque in Sarajevo and the Balkans. It was established and funded by Saudi Arabia, and is named in honour of Saudi King Fahd.

Alipašino polje
Alipašino Polje is a large planned residential neighbourhood of western Sarajevo within the municipality of Novi Grad. It is commonly divided into three phases—A, B and C—comprising six local communities (MZ): Alipašino Polje A-I, A-II, B-I, B-II, C-I and C-II. Conceived during the city’s late-socialist westward expansion, the estate combines high-rise towers and mid-rise slab blocks around internal pedestrian courts and local centres along the Ilidža–Baščaršija corridor.
Japan Tobacco and Allied Workers' Union
The Japan Tobacco and Allied Workers' Union (Japanese: たばこ産業労働組合共闘会議, Zentabako) was a trade union representing workers in the tobacco industry in Japan.

The union was founded in 1985, as a split from the All Monopoly Corporation Workers' Union, and it affiliated to the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan.  On formation, it had 27,599 members, but this steadily declined, and by 1990, it was down to 19,474 members.  By then, it had become affiliated with the Japanese Trade Union Confederation.  In 1995, it merged with the All Japan Federation of Food Industries Workers' Unions and the National Federation of Food Industry Workers' Unions, to form the Japan Federation of Foods and Tobacco Workers' Unions.

Sōhyō
The General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (日本労働組合総評議会, Nihon Rōdōkumiai Sōhyōgikai), often abbreviated to Sōhyō (総評), was a left-leaning union confederation. Founded in 1950, it was the largest labor federation in Japan for several decades.
Google Street View
Google Street View is a technology featured in Google Maps and Google Earth that provides interactive panoramas from positions along many streets in the world. Google Street View displays interactive panoramas of stitched VR photographs. Most photography is done by car, but some is done by tricycle, camel, boat, snowmobile, underwater apparatus, and on foot.

First launched in 2007 in several cities in the United States, Street View has since expanded to include all of the country's major and minor cities, as well as the cities and rural areas of many other countries worldwide. As of 2017, Street View had coverage in 83 countries. Street View has been used for research in fields like urban analytics and geographic information science. Street View imagery has also been used in artistic work.

Mountain View, California
Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, part of the San Francisco Bay Area. Named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains, the population was 82,376 at the 2020 census.

Mountain View was integral to the early history and growth of Silicon Valley, and is the location of many high technology companies. In 1956, William Shockley established Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Mountain View, the first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in Silicon Valley. Mountain View houses the headquarters of many of the world's largest technology companies, including Google and Alphabet Inc., Intuit, NASA Ames Research Center, and former or existing headquarters for Symantec, 23andMe, LinkedIn, Samsung, Quora and Synopsys.
India's Raw Star
India's Raw Star is an Indian singing competition series created by Gajendra Singh of Saibaba Telefilms which began airing on Star Plus from 24 August 2014. It was hosted by model-actress and Bigg Boss 7 winner Gauahar Khan and mentored by singer-rapper Yo Yo Honey Singh. Rituraj Mohanty  won the first season on 30 November 2014 with Darshan Raval and Mohit Gaur finishing second and third respectively. The other contestants were Sagar Bhatia, Akasa Singh, pardeep singh sran etc. Mohan Rathore, winner of a Bhojpuri singing competition 'Sur Sangram' was also one of the contestants. Arjun Kapoor and Deepika Padukone made guest appearances in the show. India's Raw Star witnessed singers like Kailash Kher, Mohit Chauhan and Shaan perform in the final episode with finalists Rituraj, Mohit and Darshan. The finalists sang the final face off song composed by Sachin and Jigar on the occasion, while Arjun Kapoor, promoted his film Tevar.

Tevar
Tevar (transl. Attitude) is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by debutante Amit Sharma and produced by Boney Kapoor, Sanjay Kapoor, Sunil Lulla, Naresh Agarwal and Sunil Manchanda, based on a script by Sharma and Shantanu Shrivastav. An official remake of the 2003 Telugu film Okkadu, the film stars Arjun Kapoor and Sonakshi Sinha, and Manoj Bajpayee. Shruti Haasan makes a special appearance in an item number. The film was released worldwide on 9 January 2015.
Proteolipid
A proteolipid is a protein covalently linked to lipid molecules, which can be fatty acids, isoprenoids or sterols. The process of such a linkage is known as protein lipidation, and falls into the wider category of acylation and post-translational modification. Proteolipids are abundant in brain tissue, and are also present in many other animal and plant tissues. They include ghrelin, a peptide hormone associated with feeding. Many proteolipids have bound fatty acid chains, which often provide an interface for interacting with biological membranes and act as lipidons that direct proteins to specific zones.

Proteolipids were discovered serendipitously in 1951 by Jordi Folch Pi and Marjorie Lees while extracting sulfatides from brain lipids.

They are not to be confused with lipoproteins, a kind of spherical assembly made up of many molecules of lipids and some apolipoproteins.

Biological membrane
A biological membrane or biomembrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. Biological membranes, in the form of eukaryotic cell membranes, consist of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded, integral and peripheral proteins used in communication and transportation of chemicals and ions. The bulk of lipids in a cell membrane provides a fluid matrix for proteins to rotate and laterally diffuse for physiological functioning. Proteins are adapted to high membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface of integral membrane proteins. The cell membranes are different from the isolating tissues formed by layers of cells, such as mucous membranes, basement membranes, and serous membranes.
Doryichthys heterosoma
Doryichthys heterosoma is a species of freshwater fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is only known from four specimens, which were collected from the Sambas River in West Kalimantan and the Natuna Islands in 1851. It is thought to be endemic to these locations, feeding on small crustaceans and insect larvae, where it can attain a maximum length of at least 35 centimetres (14 in). This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs and giving birth to live young.

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.
Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania
The Arsacid dynasty was a dynasty of Parthian origin, which ruled the kingdom of Caucasian Albania from the 3rd to the 6th century. They were a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia and together with the Arsacid rulers of the neighboring Armenia and Iberia formed a pan-Arsacid family federation.

Arsacid dynasty of Iberia
The Arsacid dynasty or Arshakiani (Georgian: არშაკიანი, romanized: arshak'iani), a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, ruled the ancient Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) from c. 189 until 284 AD. The Arsacid dynasty of Iberia was succeeded by the Chosroid dynasty.
Chester Borough, New Jersey
Chester Borough is a borough in southwestern Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,681, an increase of 32 (+1.9%) from the 2010 census count of 1,649, which in turn reflected an increase of 14 (+0.9%) from the 1,635 counted in the 2000 census. Chester's name is derived from the township, which was named for Chestershire in England.

Chester Borough is located within the Raritan Valley region and is periodically recognized as part of the Somerset Hills. The borough is completely surrounded by Chester Township, making it part of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another.

In the Forbes magazine's rankings of the Most Expensive ZIP Codes in the United States, Chester was ranked 288th in 2006 (with a median sale price of $775,000) and 321st in 2010 (with a median price of $823,691).

Raritan River
The Raritan River is a river of the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its watershed drains much of the mountainous areas in the northern and central sections of the state, emptying into the Raritan Bay near Staten Island on the Atlantic Ocean.
Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge
The Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, located south of Sacramento, California, lies within the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, the destination of thousands of migrating waterfowl, shorebirds, and other water birds. The refuge was established in 1994.

Anseriformes
Anseriformes is an order of birds   also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans. Most modern species in the order are highly adapted for an aquatic existence at the water surface. With the exception of screamers, males have penises, a trait that has been lost in the Neoaves, the clade consisting of all other modern birds except the galliformes and paleognaths. Due to their aquatic nature, most species are web-footed.
2023 Eurocup-3 season
The 2023 Eurocup-3 season was the inaugural season of the Eurocup-3 series. It was a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seater open wheel formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship was created as an alternative to the FIA-sanctioned Formula Regional European Championship and the Euroformula Open championship, after the latter series struggled to attract entries in late 2022.

The series aimed to provide a level playing field for all drivers, with all partaking teams agreeing on a maximum budget of €400,000 per season.

Esteban Masson, driving for Campos Racing, became the inaugural Drivers' Champion, while his team won the Teams' Championship. Bruno del Pino, driving for MP Motorsport, won the Rookies' Championship.

Álex Palou
Álex Palou Montalbo (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈaləks ˈpalɔw monˈtalbu]; born 1 April 1997) is a Spanish racing driver who drives for Chip Ganassi Racing in the IndyCar Series, where he won the 2021, 2023, 2024, and 2025 championships and the 2025 Indianapolis 500. He is the first Spanish racing driver to win a national championship in American open-wheel racing history and also the first Spaniard to win in the GP3 Series and the Indianapolis 500.
IBSF European Championships 2024
The 2024 IBSF European Championships was held from 2 to 4 February 2024 in Sigulda, Latvia.  Since the venue, the Sigulda bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track, cannot host four-man bobsleigh races, this part of the championship was held in Igls, Austria on December 17.

Sigulda bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track
The Sigulda Bobsleigh and Luge Track (Latvian: Siguldas bobsleja un kamaniņu trase) is located in Sigulda, Latvia, built in 1986. Currently, the track manager is Dainis Dukurs, former bobsleigh brakeman and the father of skeleton racers Martins and Tomass Dukurs.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill student housing
Over 8,000 undergraduate and graduate students live in campus housing at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during a regular school year. Forty residence halls are grouped into 16 residential communities across campus.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is the location of the first dormitory in the United States. Old East, built in 1795, is the university's oldest building and the nation's first university residence hall.

UNC–Chapel Hill's residence halls are typically referred to by their geographical location on campus: Northern, Middle, and Southern.

Dormitory
A dormitory (originated from the Latin word dormitorium, often abbreviated to dorm,) is a room that sleeps multiple people. It may also refer (in the US) to a building primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people such as student accommodation for university or college students,  or, with reference to military personnel, a barracks.

A building providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people may also be called a house (members of a religious community or pupils at a boarding school), or a hostel (students, workers or travelers).