hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbus Golden Seals
The Columbus Golden Seals were a minor league professional ice hockey team in the International Hockey League from 1971 to 1973. Columbus operated as a farm team to the National Hockey League's California Golden Seals. The owner of the NHL Seals, Charlie Finley, had acquired the IHL franchise rights to the dormant Columbus Checkers to create the farm team. In 1973, Finley sold the Columbus Golden Seals. The new owner, Al Savill, renamed the team the Columbus Owls for the 1973–74 season.

California Golden Seals
The California Golden Seals were a professional ice hockey club that competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1967 to 1976. Based in Oakland, California, they played their home games at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena. The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of the 1967 NHL expansion. Initially named the California Seals, the team was renamed the Oakland Seals during the 1967–68 season and then the Bay Area Seals in 1970 before becoming the California Golden Seals the same year.

The Seals were the least successful of the teams added in the 1967 expansion, never earning a winning record and only making the playoffs twice in nine seasons of play. Off the ice, they were plagued by low attendance. The franchise was relocated in 1976 to become the Cleveland Barons, who would merge with the Minnesota North Stars two years later. They were the only franchise from the 1967 expansion to not reach the Stanley Cup Final.
Nan Lian Garden
The Nan Lian Garden (Chinese: 南蓮園池; Cantonese Yale: nàamlìn yún chì) is a Chinese classical garden in Diamond Hill, Hong Kong near Diamond Hill station. The garden has an area of 3.5 hectares (8.6 acres). It is designed in Tang dynasty style with hills, water features, trees, rocks, and wooden structures.

The garden was a joint project of the Chi Lin Nunnery and the Hong Kong Government. It opened to the public on 14 November 2006.

The garden is open daily from 7am to 9pm.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Selby–Driffield line
The Selby–Driffield line formed part of a railway which connected the East Coast Main Line and the Yorkshire Coast Line. It crossed largely flat terrain and the Yorkshire Wolds and serviced the towns of Selby, Market Weighton, and Driffield.

Driffield
Driffield, also known as Great Driffield (neighbouring Little Driffield), is a market town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The civil parish is formed by the town of Driffield and the village of Little Driffield. By road, it is 53 miles (85 km) north-east of Leeds, 29 miles (47 km) east of York and 23 miles (37 km) north of Hull.

Driffield, being near the centre of the Yorkshire Wolds, is named The Capital of the Wolds.

According to the 2011 UK census, Driffield parish had a population of 13,080, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 11,477.

The town was listed in the 2019 Sunday Times report on the Best Places to Live in northern England.
The Turing Test (novel)
The Turing Test is a BBC Books original novel written by Paul Leonard and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Eighth Doctor.

The story is in three parts, written as if it is by three historical figures: the mathematician Alan Turing, and the novelists Graham Greene and Joseph Heller respectively.

BBC Books
BBC Books (also formerly known as BBC Consumer Publishing and BBC Publishing) is an imprint majority-owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division. The minority shareholder is BBC Studios, the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The imprint has been active since the 1980s.

BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming, including cookery, natural history, lifestyle, and behind the scenes "making-of" books. There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list.

Amongst BBC Books' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith, wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh. In the BBC Publishing days, it turned down The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide.
Madison Square Garden, New York, NY 3/9/81
Madison Square Garden, New York, NY 3/9/81 is a three-CD live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  It contains the complete concert recorded at Madison Square Garden in New York City on March 9, 1981.  It was released on September 23, 2022.

The same recording was released on the same day as part of the six-concert, 17-CD box set In and Out of the Garden: Madison Square Garden '81, '82, '83.

Whilst there was no vinyl version available on release, a 5LP version was released as part of "Rocktober' in October 2023 by Rhino.

Bill Kreutzmann
William Kreutzmann Jr. (/ˈkrɔɪtsmɑːn/ KROYTS-mahn; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer and founding member of the rock band Grateful Dead. He played with the band for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups, and with his own bands BK3, 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids.
Stjepan Đureković
Stjepan Đureković (8 August 1926 – 28 July 1983) was a Croatian political dissident and businessman who was assassinated by the Yugoslavian State Security Administration (UDBA) in West Germany in 1983. He was previously the CEO of the state-owned INA petrol company. In 1982, he defected to West Germany and became active in Croatian émigré circles opposed to Yugoslavia.

Defection
In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty.

This term is also applied, often pejoratively, to anyone who switches loyalty to another religion, sports team, political party, or other rival faction. In that sense, the defector is often considered a traitor by their original side.
Together (2021 short film)
Together is a Canadian-South Korean short drama film, directed by Albert Shin and released in 2021. The film stars Kim Jae-rok and Ahn So-yo as a man and a woman in South Korea who are meeting in person for the first time after having known each other only as online acquaintances, in order to finalize and carry out a mutual suicide pact.

The film premiered at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival. It was subsequently screened at the 2021 Vancouver International Film Festival, where it won the award for Best Canadian Short Film.

The film was named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2021.

2021 Vancouver International Film Festival
The 2021 Vancouver International Film Festival, the 40th event in the history of the Vancouver International Film Festival, was held from October 1 to October 11, 2021. Unlike the 2020 Vancouver International Film Festival, which was staged entirely online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 festival featured in-person screenings at the VIFF Centre and other venues, although most titles were also available on the online VIFF Connects platform.

The festival opened with the film The Electrical Life of Louis Wain, and closed with the film Petite Maman. 190 films from 51 countries where screened in the festival constituting 113 features, 77 shorts, 80 narrative features and 33 documentary features.

In addition, the festival screened some titles outside Vancouver, including in Terrace and Powell River. Some, but not all, titles on the online platform were available for viewing across Canada rather than being geoblocked to British Columbia.
Jubilee Insurance Company Limited
The Jubilee Insurance Company of Kenya (JICK), mostly known as Jubilee Insurance, is an insurance company in Kenya, which has the largest economy in the East African Community. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Jubilee Holdings Limited, a multinational insurance holding company, which maintains its headquarters in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, with subsidiaries in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, and Mauritius, with plans to expand on the African continent.

Nairobi Securities Exchange
The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) was established  in 1954 as the Nairobi Stock Exchange, based in Nairobi the capital of Kenya. It was a voluntary association of stockbrokers in the European community registered under the Societies Act in British Kenya. The exchange had 66 listed companies in February 2021.
La Jument de Michao
La Jument de Michao ("Michao's mare" in French) or Le Loup, le Renard et la Belette ("The Wolf, the Fox and the Weasel") is a recent (1973) Breton adaptation of two different Western French traditional songs, also found in Brittany, the original one may be a medieval French song of Burgundy origin: J'ai vu le loup, le renard, le lièvre. The integration in the Breton patrimony was made under the shape of a song deduct (ten to one couplet) typical of Upper Brittany (in Gallo language), but in other French regions too. The music dances on the rhythm of the An dro (Gwened), one of the most known Breton round dances.

It is about a parody of liturgical Dies Irae, with origins in the fifteenth century in the country of Beaune and of which there are numerous variants in the French regions.

The lyrics talk about the mare of Michao (Gallo for Michael) who ate all the hay and will not pass winter; they are blended with references to other animals (wolf, fox and weasel).

Upper Brittany
Upper Brittany (French: Haute-Bretagne; Breton: Breizh-Uhel; Gallo: Haùtt-Bertaèyn) is the eastern part of Brittany, France, which is historically associated with the romance languages (french, gallo, poitevin). The name is in counterpoint to Lower Brittany, the western part of the ancient province and present-day region, where the Breton language has traditionally been spoken. However, there is no certainty as to exactly where the line between 'Upper' and 'Lower' Brittany falls.

In many regards, Upper Brittany is dominated by the industrial and cathedral city of Rennes, seat of the University of Rennes 1 and the University of Rennes 2.
Daniel Sikorski
Daniel Sikorski (born 2 November 1987) is an Austrian former professional footballer who played as a striker, who currently serves as the sporting director of Aris Limassol. Besides Austria, he has played in Germany, Switzerland, Russia, Romania, Cyprus, and Spain.

Sporting director
A sporting director, or director of sport, is an executive management position in a sports club. The role is well known as a management role for European football clubs, which are sometime also "sports clubs", offering many types of sports. The sporting director is, in many cases, a member of the executive board and therefore an executive director. The sporting director is usually directly subordinate to the chief executive officer or the chairman of the sports organisation. The sporting director is in turn typically the manager of the coaching staff.
1996 Birthday Honours
Queen's Birthday Honours are announced on or around the date of the Queen's Official Birthday in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for those service people on active duty.

The 1996 Queen's Birthday honours list for the United Kingdom and Commonwealth was announced on 14 June 1996; the list for Australia announced on 9 June 1996; and the list for New Zealand announced on 3 June 1996.

Recipients of honours are shown below as they were styled before their new honour.

Army Cadet Force
The Army Cadet Force (ACF), generally shortened to Army Cadets, is a British national youth organisation sponsored by the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence and the British Army. Along with the Sea Cadet Corps and the Air Training Corps, the ACF make up the Community Cadet Forces. It is a separate organisation from the Combined Cadet Force which provides similar training within principally private schools.

Although sponsored by the Ministry of Defence, the ACF is not part of the British Army, and as such cadets are not subject to military law or military 'call up' but is funded by the MOD. Some cadets do, however, go on to enlist in the armed forces later in life.

The Army Cadet Charitable Trust UK (ACCT UK) is a registered charity that acts in an advisory role to the Ministry of Defence and other Government bodies on matters connected with the ACF.

As of 1 April 2023, there are 38,180 cadets, and 8,020 Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs).
Douglas I. Cosman
Douglas Ivan Cosman (born May 21, 1938) is a minister, businessman, and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Kings East in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative member.

He was born at Head of Millstream, Kings County, New Brunswick, the eldest son of Kenneth Cosman and Helen (Riedle) Cosman. He studied at Mount Allison University and Pine Hill Divinity Hall in Halifax. Cosman was ordained a minister in the United Church and served in Albert County from 1962 to 1965. He then served as a chaplain in the Royal Canadian Air Force until he retired from the Air Force in 1991. Thereafter he continued to serve the Church. With his wife, he operated a bed and breakfast and motel.  They have four children–Vaughn, Mary, Gail and Valerie.

Mount Allison University
Mount Allison University (also Mount A or MtA) is a public primarily undergraduate liberal arts university located in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, founded in 1839.

Mount Allison was the first university in the British Empire to award a baccalaureate to a woman (Grace Annie Lockhart, B.Sc., 1875). It was also the first university in Canada to grant a bachelor of arts to a woman (Harriet Starr Stewart in 1882).

Graduates of Mount Allison have been awarded a total of 57 Rhodes Scholarships, the highest per capita of any university in the British Commonwealth.

It is ranked the top undergraduate university in Canada for a record 26th time, by Maclean's 2026 Annual University Ranking.
Lejasciems
Lejasciems (German: Aahof) is a village in Gulbene Municipality, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It is the center of Lejasciems Parish.

The settlement was founded in 1867 by the Baltic Domain Board on land owned by the government of the Russian Empire. Previously, the area had been a part of Lejasmuiža Manor (also Gauja Manor, German: Aahof).

In 1928 Lejasciems received town rights, but lost them in 1939 due to economic stagnation. The main reason for this was the construction of the Pļaviņas–Gulbene Railway, which drew most of the businesses and economic activity away from Lejasciems. During the Soviet occupation, Sudala village was merged into Lejasciems in 1945, Dūre village - in 1962 and a former part of Sinole village in 1977.

The coat of arms, approved in October 1938, represents the blue Gauja River and golden fields on the sides.

Gulbene Municipality
Gulbene Municipality (Latvian: Gulbenes novads) is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Beļava parish, Dauksti parish, Druviena parish, Galgauska parish, Jaungulbene parish, Lejasciems parish, Litene parish, Lizums parish, Līgo parish, Ranka parish, Stāmeriena parish, Stradi parish, Tirza parish and Gulbene town the administrative centre being Gulbene. The population in 2020 was 19,771.
Irechek (peak)
Irechek (Bulgarian: Иречек) is a summit in the eastern part of the Rila Mountain in southwestern Bulgaria. Its altitude is 2,852 m, making it the third highest peak in Rila after Musala (2,925 m) and Malka Musala (2,902 m). It is situated in the vicinity of the summits of Musala and Deno (2,790 m) in the eastern part of the Musala Cirque which contains the Musala Lakes. It is named after the Czech historian Konstantin Jireček, who researched extensively Bulgarian history and following the reestablishment of the Bulgarian state in 1878 was employed by the Bulgarian government.

Liberation of Bulgaria
The Liberation of Bulgaria is the historical process as a result of the Bulgarian Revival. In Bulgarian historiography, the liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) that led to the re-establishment of the Bulgarian state under the Treaty of San Stefano of 3 March 1878. Today Bulgaria observes its National Liberation Day on 3 March.
Op. 47
In music, Op. 47 stands for Opus number 47. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Albéniz – Suite Española No. 1

Barber – Third Essay

Beethoven – Violin Sonata No. 9

Britten – Five Flower Songs

Bruch – Kol Nidrei

Chopin – Ballade No. 3

Dvořák – Bagatelles

Elgar – Introduction and Allegro

Ginastera – Sonata for guitar

Holst – Egdon Heath

Prokofiev – Symphony No. 4

Saint-Saëns – Samson and Delilah

Schumann – Piano Quartet

Shostakovich – Symphony No. 5

Sibelius – Violin Concerto in D minor (1904, revised 1905)

Strauss – Des Dichters Abendgang

Symphony No. 4 (Prokofiev)
Sergei Prokofiev's Symphony No. 4 is actually two works, both using material created for The Prodigal Son ballet. The first, Op. 47, was completed in 1930 and premiered that November; it lasts about 22 minutes. The second, Op. 112, is too different to be termed a "revision"; made in 1947, it is about 37 minutes long, differs stylistically from the earlier work, reflecting a new context, and differs formally as well in its grander instrumentation.
Why Bother? (essay)
"Why Bother?", originally published as "Perchance to Dream: In the Age of Images, a Reason to Write Novels", is a literary essay by American novelist Jonathan Franzen.  It is often referred to as "The Harper's Essay". First published in the April 1996 issue of Harper's magazine, the essay concerns the persistence of reading within the context of technological growth and distraction. Franzen recounts his meditations on the state and possibility of the novel form, often against the backdrop of his personal experience, eventually concluding that the novel still has potential cultural agency in the United States, and often gains it by paradoxical drives of both culture and author.

Shirley Brice Heath
Shirley Brice Heath (born July 26, 1939) is an American linguistic anthropologist, and professor emerita, Margery Bailey Professorship in English, at Stanford University.

She graduated from Lynchburg College, Ball State University, and Columbia University, with a Ph.D. in 1970. She is a Brown University professor-at-large, and a visiting research professor at the Watson Institute.
Prolistrophorus grassii
Prolistrophorus grassii is a parasitic mite in the genus Prolistrophorus. It was described as Listrophorus grassii (a member of the genus Listrophorus) in 1954 from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) in Georgia. In 1974, Fain and Hyland placed it in Prolistrophorus and in 1984, Fain and Lukoschus redescribed the species on the basis of collections from the marsh rice rat in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida and the southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi) in Indiana, West Virginia, and Iowa.

Southern bog lemming
The southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi) is a small North American lemming. Its range overlaps with the other species in genus Synaptomys, the northern bog lemming, in southeastern Canada, but extends farther south.
All the Way (play)
All the Way is a play by Robert Schenkkan, depicting President Lyndon B. Johnson's efforts to maneuver members of the 88th United States Congress to enact, and civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. to support, the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The play takes its name from Johnson's 1964 campaign slogan, "All the Way with LBJ."

The play was commissioned by the Oregon Shakespeare Festival and premiered there in 2012, in a production directed by Bill Rauch, with Jack Willis originating the role of LBJ. It premiered on Broadway in March 2014, in a production also directed by Rauch, which won the 2014 Tony Award and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play.  Bryan Cranston won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his performance. The play was published in 2014.

John McMartin
John Francis McMartin (August 21, 1929 – July 6, 2016) was an American actor of stage, film, and television. He made his off-Broadway debut in Little Mary Sunshine in 1959, and acted on Broadway for more than 50 years. He won a Theatre World Award in 1960 and was nominated for a Tony for his role in Sweet Charity in 1966. On television, McMartin appeared on the soap opera As the World Turns, and the TV shows East Side West Side, Beauty and the Beast, The Golden Girls,The Bob Newhart Show, and Murder, She Wrote. He also had film roles in All the President's Men (1976), Blow Out, and Legal Eagles.
Thomas Settle (judge)
Thomas Settle (January 23, 1831 – December 1, 1888) was a United States Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Peru, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.