hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernest Cox
Ernest Frank Guelph Cox (1883–1959) was a British engineer, with knowledge in electrical and mechanical engineering, which he notably deployed in marine salvage. Between 1924 and 1931 his Cox & Danks Shipbreaking Co. successfully raised 35 ships of the German Imperial Navy High Seas Fleet that had been scuttled at Gutter Sound, Scapa Flow, in 1919. A tough but caring employer, after a series of fatalities and accidents to his employees, Cox sold his marine salvaging business to the Alloa Shipbreaking Company in 1932. He remained a consultant to the British Admiralty throughout his remaining career, and retired in the early 1950s after selling his profitable scrap metal business to Metal Industries Group.

Lyness
Lyness is a village on the east coast of the island of Hoy, Orkney, Scotland. The village is within the parish of Walls and Flotta, and is situated at the junction of the B9047 and B9048.

During the 1920s Lyness was briefly the headquarters of the metal salvage firm of Cox and Danks's raising of the German High Seas Fleet, scuttled by the Germans on 21 June 1919 during the Armistice (Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow).

During the Second World War it was home to HMS Proserpine, the main base for the naval fleet based at Scapa Flow.

In 2010–2011 the Golden Wharf at Lyness Harbour was upgraded to host renewable energy projects, including the Pelamis Wave Energy Converter and the Wello Penguin.

Today an Orkney Ferries Ro-Ro car ferry links it to Longhope on South Walls, the island of Flotta in Scapa Flow, and Houton on Mainland, Orkney.
Don Star
Donald Malcolm Star (born 5 September 1931) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Star made his debut for Granya as a 13 year old in 1945 and played in back to back Tallangatta & District Football League premierships with Granya in 1946  and 1947. Star then played with Wodonga in the Ovens & Murray Football League from 1950 to 1952, then returned to play with Granya in 1953, before moving down to play with South Melbourne in 1954 and 1955.

Star returned home to work on the family farm and played with Wodonga under Des Healey, before accepting the role as captain-coach of Jindera in the Hume Football League. Star ended up playing 124 senior games for Wodonga FC before playing with Jindera. Star lead them to the 1960 and 1961 premierships. Star then played in two more Jindera premierships in 1963 and 1964 under coach, Bill Barton. All up, Star estimates he would play more than 350 senior games during his career.

Ovens & Murray Football Netball League
The Ovens and Murray Football Netball League (OMFNL or O&MFNL) is an Australian rules football and netball competition containing ten clubs based in north-eastern Victoria, the southern Riverina region of New South Wales and the Ovens and Murray area. The name comes from the Ovens River, the river in the part of north-eastern Victoria covered by the league, and the Murray River, which separates Victoria and New South Wales.

The league features three grades in the Australian rules football competition, with these being Seniors, Reserve-Grade and Under 18s. In the netball competition, there are four grades, with these being A-Grade, B-Grade, C-Grade and Under 16s.

Currently a home and away season consisting of eighteen rounds is played. The best five teams then play off according to the McIntyre system, culminating in the O&MFNL Grand Final, which from 1995 to 2017 was held at the Lavington Sports Ground in the Albury suburb of Hamilton Valley.
Kenricksville, Ohio
Kenricksville is an unincorporated community located at the intersection of Ohio State Routes 48 and 73 in Clearcreek Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States.  The boundaries of this hamlet extend north on SR 48 to the homes located on Harlan Road and east on SR 73 to the location of the Fox Hollow Rodeo, including the Silver Spur Plaza.

Clearcreek Township, Warren County, Ohio
Clearcreek Township is one of the eleven townships of Warren County, Ohio, United States, located in the north central portion of the county.  It had a population of 36,238 in 2020. It was originally about forty-two square miles in area.  The highest point in the county is in Clearcreek Township, near the community of Five Points.  Statewide, the only other Clearcreek Townships are located in Fairfield County and in Ashland County.
Eri Yamaguchi (cricketer)
Eri Yamaguchi (Kanji: 山口 栄理, born 15 June 1992) is a Japanese woman cricketer. She made her international debut for Japan in the 2013 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier.

Eri was also the member of the Japanese cricket team at the 2014 Asian Games.

2013 Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier
The 2013 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier was an international cricket tournament held in Dublin, Ireland, from 23 July to 1 August 2013. The tournament was the inaugural edition of the Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier, with the top three teams advancing to the 2014 World Twenty20 in Bangladesh.

Eight teams played in the tournament. The host, Ireland, was joined by the two lowest-placed teams from the 2012 World Twenty20, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, as well as five teams from regional qualifying tournaments. Pakistan and Sri Lanka both went on to be undefeated at the tournament, sharing the title after the final was affected by rain and despite extension to a second day Sri Lanka's innings could not start. Ireland defeated the Netherlands in the third-place playoff to also qualify for the World Twenty20.
Jom-Bolok volcanic field
Jom-Bolok, also known as Volcano Valley and East Sayan Volcanic Field, is a volcanic field in Russia, 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of Lake Baikal. It is part of the Baikal rift zone which is also responsible for volcanism elsewhere around Lake Baikal. The volcanic activity has generated long lava flows and cinder cones. One of the lava flows is 70 kilometres (43 mi) long and has a volume of 7.9 cubic kilometres (1.9 cu mi).

Volcanic activity in the field commenced during the late Pleistocene in an area that had been previously influenced by glaciers and with even earlier volcanic and tectonic activity. Magma probably formed during deglaciation was erupted during the early Holocene, generating the long lava flow. A much more recent eruption in the southern part of the field may be referenced in Mongolian chronicles.

Volcanic field
A volcanic field is an area of Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. The type and number of volcanoes required to be called a "field" is not well-defined. Volcanic fields usually consist of clusters of up to 100 volcanoes such as cinder cones. Lava flows may also occur. They may occur as a monogenetic volcanic field or a polygenetic volcanic field.
Marcus Antonius Antimachus
Marcus Antonius Antimachus, also written Mark Antony Antimaco or Marcantonio Antimaco (c. 1473 – 1552), was an Italian who mainly taught and translated Greek.

Antimachus was born in Mantua. His father, who was also educated, sent him to Greece while he was young, where he spent five years studying Greek under a Spartan, John Mosco. He returned to Italy and opened a Greek language school in Mantua, which became well known. He later moved to Ferrara, where he ran a similar school, and where he died in 1552. In addition to teaching, he translated some Greek works, which were published in Basel in 1540, and wrote some Neo-Latin poetry.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
This Moment (Shakti album)
This Moment is the third studio album by world fusion band Shakti. It is the first release under the Shakti name in 46 years, following the 1977 release of Natural Elements.

This Moment features founding member and guitarist John McLaughlin and longtime tabla player/percussionist Zakir Hussain alongside singer Shankar Mahadevan, violinist Ganesh Rajagopalan and percussionist Selvaganesh Vinayakram. This version of the group embarked on the first Shakti tour in 18 years in support of the record.

The album won the 2024 Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album.

Music genre
A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. Genre is to be distinguished from musical form and musical style, although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

Music can be divided into genres in numerous ways, sometimes broadly and with polarity, e.g., popular music as opposed to art music or folk music, or, as another example, religious music and secular music. Often, however, classification draws on the proliferation of derivative subgenres, fusion genres, and microgenres that has started to accrue, e.g., screamo, country pop, and mumble rap, respectively. The artistic nature of music means that these classifications are often subjective and controversial, and some may overlap. As genres evolve, novel music is sometimes lumped into existing categories.
National Education Day (Nepal)
National Education Day (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा दिवस, romanized: Rastriya Sikshya Diwas) is celebrated on 2 Ashoj annually in Nepal. The Education Day has been celebrated in Nepal since 2031 BS. It used to be observed on the 12  Falgun (late February) annually before Nepal was declared as a republic federation. After the declaration of federal republic in 062/063 BS, it was decided to celebrate on 8 September, coinciding with International Literacy Day.  In 2075 BS, the date was revised by the Ministry of Education to celebrate the National Education Day 17 June based on the date of ratification of the law Compulsory and Free Education Act, 2018 (2075 BS).

The current day of 2 Asoj was decided in May 2023 by the cabinet. It is managed by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Nepal)

Vikram Samvat
Vikram Samvat (ISO: Vikrama Saṁvata; abbreviated VS), also known as the Vikrami or Bikrami calendar, is a Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still also used in several Indian states and Nepal. It is a lunisolar calendar, using twelve lunar months each solar sidereal year. The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, except during January to March/April, when it is ahead by 56 years.

Vikram Samvat is an official calendar of Nepal where the first month is Baisakh and the last month is Chaitra. Unlike India where it is used only for religious dates (with first month starting with Chaitra), the solar version of Vikram Samvat is a civil calendar for general usage.
Outline of Macau
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Macau:

The Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China – one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being  Hong Kong.  Macau lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangdong province in the north and facing the South China Sea in the east and south. The territory has thriving industries such as textiles, electronics and toys, and a notable tourist industry that boasts a wide range of hotels, resorts, stadiums, restaurants and casinos.

Cotai
22°08′27″N 113°33′47″E﻿ / ﻿22.14082°N 113.56310°E﻿ / 22.14082; 113.56310
Cotai (Chinese: 路氹城; Jyutping: lou6 tam5 sing4; Portuguese: Cotai) is a 5.2-square-kilometer (2.0 sq mi) piece of reclaimed land on the top of the Seac Pai Bay between Taipa and Coloane islands in Macau that has connected two independent islands since 2005. The name, which is a portmanteau of Coloane and Taipa, can also refer to the island formed by the reclamation. In the second sense, the Special Administrative Region of Macau now consists of the Macau Peninsula, plus Cotai Island, about a mile to the south.

Cotai was created to provide Macau with a new gambling and tourism area, since Macau is so densely populated and land is scarce. Many hotels and casinos can now be found on the island. In 2006, a new hospital was founded in the Cotai area, the MUST Hospital, which is associated with the Macau University of Science and Technology Foundation.
1993 Tejano Music Awards
The 13th Tejano Music Awards were held on March 12th, 1993. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. The Tejano Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony recognizing Tejano music musicians.

Mazz
Mazz (/ˈmɑːz/ MAH-z) was an American Tejano band formed by Joe López and Jimmy González in 1978 in Brownsville, Texas. The band was made known for their unique and innovative form of cumbia and ranchera. After moving to the Capitol/EMI Latin record label in 1989, they became one of the most popular Tejano bands during genre's 1990s golden age.

Mazz disbanded in 1998, with frontmen López and González going on to form, respectively, Joe López y la Nueva Imagen Mazz in 2001 (still with EMI Latin) and Jimmy González y Grupo Mazz in 1999 (with Freddie Records).

In 2006, López was convicted of and imprisoned for sexually assaulting his niece. After his release in 2018, he formed Joe López y Grupo Mazz and continues to write, record, and perform.
MAMMOTH-1
MAMMOTH-1 is a large ultraluminous lyman Alpha emitting radio-quiet nebula located near the center of a massive galaxy overdensity named BOSS1441 at a redshift distance of z= 2.32. The nebula has a size of 440 kiloparsecs making it one of the largest lyman-alpha nebula known comparable or even larger than the Slug Nebula.

As of to date, this nebula has the highest lyman alpha luminosity of any nebula with a luminosity of 5.2x10^44 ergs.

Lyman-alpha
Lyman-alpha, typically denoted by Ly-α or Lyα, is a spectral line of hydrogen (or, more generally, of any one-electron atom) in the Lyman series. A photon is emitted when the atomic electron transitions from an n = 2 orbital to the ground state (n = 1), where n is the principal quantum number. In hydrogen, its wavelength of 1215.67 angstroms (121.567 nm or 1.21567×10−7 m), corresponding to a frequency of about 2.46607×1015 Hz, places Lyman-alpha in the ultraviolet (UV) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. More specifically, Ly-α lies in vacuum UV (VUV), characterized by a strong absorption in the air.
Tim Draper
Timothy Cook Draper (born June 11, 1958) is an American venture capital investor, and founder of Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ), Draper University, Draper Venture Network, and Draper Associates. Since 2019, he is a partner in Draper Goren Holm. His most prominent investments include Baidu, Hotmail, Skype, Tesla, SpaceX, AngelList, SolarCity, Ring, Twitter, DocuSign, Coinbase, Robinhood, Ancestry.com, Twitch, Cruise Automation, PrettyLitter and Focus Media. In July 2014, Draper received wide coverage for his purchase at a US Marshals Service auction of seized bitcoins from the Silk Road website. Draper is a proponent of bitcoin and decentralization. Draper was one of the first investors in Theranos.

Focus Media
Focus Media Information Technology, formerly Focus Media Holding, is a Chinese company which operates out-of-home advertising in China which consist predominantly of digital signage screens and claims to own the country's largest Internet advertising agency.
Manasir
The Manasir people (Arabic: المناصير, romanized: al-Manāṣīr) constitute one of many Sunni Arab riverine tribes of Northern Sudan. They are not to be confused with the Manasir of the Persian Gulf region in the Arabian Peninsula-based mainly in the United Arab Emirates.  They inhabit the region of the Fourth Cataract of the Nile and call their homeland Dar al-Manasir. Similar to their neighbouring tribes, the upstream Rubatab (الرباطاب) and the downstream Shaiqiyah (الشايقيّة), the Manasir are an indigenous Nile culture who adopted Islam and speak Arabic as their first language. Unlike other riverine tribes of Sudan, a considerable part of their population lives as Bedouins in the adjacent Bayuda Desert. The nomadic life of herding their stock of goats, sheep and camels in desert valleys is however limited for many to the rainy season, coinciding with the annual inundation of the Nile.

Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf (Arabic: دول الخليج الفارسي, romanized: duwal al-Khalīj al-ʿfarsi), are a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

The term has been used in different contexts to refer to a number of Arab states in the Persian Gulf region. The prominent political union of the region is the Gulf Cooperation Council, which includes all Persian Gulf states except Iraq. Most Persian Gulf states are former protectorates of the British Empire.
Jeongwang-dong
Jeongwang-dong is a dong situated in the city of Siheung, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The neighbourhood is divided into one main division; Jeongwang-dong (정왕동) and four subdivisions; Jeongwang 1-dong (정왕1동), Jeongwang 2-dong (정왕2동), Jeongwang 3-dong (정왕3동) and Jeongwang 4-dong (정왕4동). Together, these areas make up a total population of about 155,500 and an area of about 33 square kilometres.

Gyeonggi Province
Gyeonggi Province (Korean: 경기도; RR: Gyeonggi-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.ɡi.do̞]) is the most populous province in South Korea.

Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946. Incheon, the nation's third-largest city, is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981. The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 (4,530 sq mi), with a combined population of over 26 million - amounting to over half (50.25%) of the entire population of South Korea, and a third of the population of the Korean peninsula at the 2020 census.
Kootaberra, South Australia
Kootaberra is a locality in the Far North region of South Australia. It spans the Stuart Highway about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Port Augusta. The boundaries were formalised on 26 April 2013, but the name had been used long before that for the Kootaberra Station pastoral run (sheep station).

Sheep station
A sheep station is  a large property (station, the equivalent of a ranch) in Australia or New Zealand, the main activity of which is the raising of sheep for their wool and/or meat. In Australia, sheep stations are usually in the south-east or south-west of the country. In New Zealand the Merinos are usually in the high country of the South Island. These properties may be thousands of square kilometres in size and run low stocking rates to be able to sustainably provide enough feed and water for the stock.

In Australia, the owner of a sheep station may be called a pastoralist, a grazier, or formerly a squatter (as in "Waltzing Matilda"), when their sheep grazing land was referred to as a sheep run.
Rxqual
RxQual is used in GSM and is a part of the Network Measurement Reports (NMR).

This is an integer value which can be between 0 and 7 and reflects the quality of voice.
0 is the best quality, 7 is the worst.

Each RxQual value corresponds to an estimated number of bit errors in a number of bursts.

There are two types of RxQual values, FULL and SUB.

We use RxQual SUB when we have DTX DL activated because RxQual FULL values will not be reliable, because they will use Bit error rate (BER) measurements when nothing has been sent, what leads to a very high BER and a poor RxQual.

If DTX DL is deactivated, is better to use RxQual FULL values, they are more precise, because it uses all frames on the SACCH multiframe, whether they have been transmitted from the base station or not.

The official definition of RxQual is given in Chapter 8.2.4 of GSM TS 05.08 (ETSI TS 100 911), later superseded by 3GPP TS 45.008.

Bit error rate
In digital transmission, the number of bit errors is the number of received bits of a data stream over a communication channel that have been altered due to noise, interference, distortion or bit synchronization errors.

The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studied time interval. Bit error ratio is a unitless performance measure, often expressed as a percentage.

The bit error probability pe is the expected value of the bit error ratio. The bit error ratio can be considered as an approximate estimate of the bit error probability. This estimate is accurate for a long time interval and a high number of bit errors.
Judith Giuliani
Judi Ann Stish Ross Nathan Giuliani (born December 16, 1954) is an American registered nurse, former medical sales executive, charity fundraiser, and ex-wife of former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani. She was a managing director of philanthropic consulting firm Changing Our World and a founding board member of the Twin Towers Fund.

Upper East Side
The Upper East Side (sometimes abbreviated UES) is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The neighborhood area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the wealthiest neighborhood in New York City.

The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
1892 Chelmsford by-election
The 1892 Chelmsford by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Chelmsford in Essex on 30 April 1892.  The seat had become vacant on the death of the Conservative Member of Parliament William Beadel, who had held the seat since its creation for the 1885 general election.

The Conservative candidate, Thomas Usborne, was returned unopposed, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1900 general election.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.