hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
F-Spot
F-Spot is a discontinued image organizer, that was designed to provide personal photo management for the GNOME desktop environment. The name is a play on the word F-Stop. F-Spot can be used for basic photo editing and management.

Image organizer
An image organizer or image management application is application software for organising digital images. It is a kind of desktop organizer software application.

Image organizer software focuses on handling large numbers of images. In contrast to an image viewer, an image organizer can edit image tags and can often upload files to on-line hosting pages. Enterprises may use Digital Asset Management (DAM) solutions to manage larger and broader amounts of digital media.

Some programs that come with desktop environments, such as gThumb (GNOME) and digiKam (KDE) were originally simple image viewers, and have evolved into image organizers.
Regalia of the Bulgarian monarch
There are no known surviving pieces from the royal regalia of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires.  A gift of regalia to Kaloyan of Bulgaria from Pope Innocent III is documented. It was brought to Bulgaria by Cardinal Leo Brancaleoni and was used for the Coronation of the Bulgarian monarch on November 8, 1204.

Parts of the regalia used by the Bulgarian monarchy in the 19th and 20th centuries are known to survive, in various locations.  These were used in the Principality of Bulgaria (1878-1908) and the Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908-1946), after the expulsion of the Ottoman Turks.

Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948) was the monarch of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1918, reigning as Prince of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1908 and Tsar of Bulgaria from 1908 until his abdication in 1918. Under his rule, Bulgaria entered the First World War on the side of the Central Powers in 1915.
Eriogonum pelinophilum
Eriogonum pelinophilum is a rare species of wild buckwheat known by the common name clay-loving wild buckwheat. It is endemic to the state of Colorado in the United States, where it is known from only two counties. The most recent estimates available suggest there are 12 occurrences in existence for a total of about 278,000 individual plants in Delta and Montrose Counties. At least 7 occurrences observed in the past have not been relocated but are not yet believed extirpated. This plant is federally listed as an endangered species of the United States.

Montrose County, Colorado
Montrose County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,679. The county seat is Montrose, for which the county is named.

Montrose County comprises the Montrose, CO, Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Fatou–Lebesgue theorem
In mathematics, the Fatou–Lebesgue theorem establishes a chain of inequalities relating the integrals (in the sense of Lebesgue) of the limit inferior and the limit superior of a sequence of functions to the limit inferior and the limit superior of integrals of these functions.  The theorem is named after Pierre Fatou and Henri Léon Lebesgue.

If the sequence of functions converges pointwise, the inequalities turn into equalities and the theorem reduces to Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem.

Henri Lebesgue
Henri Léon Lebesgue ForMemRS (/ləˈbɛɡ/; French: [ɑ̃ʁi leɔ̃ ləbɛɡ]; June 28, 1875 – July 26, 1941) was a French mathematician known for his theory of integration, which was a generalization of the 17th-century concept of integration—summing the area between an axis and the curve of a function defined for that axis. His theory was published originally in his dissertation Intégrale, longueur, aire ("Integral, length, area") at the University of Nancy during 1902.
Karen Paterson
Karen Paterson (born 18 May 1982) is a Scottish retired tennis player. She is now known as Karen Lamb.

Between the years 1998 and 2007 she won a total of seven titles on the ITF Women's Circuit, reaching a career-high ranking of world No. 369 in singles (achieved on 3 October 2005) and No. 220 as a doubles player (achieved on 6 August 2007). She coached British junior, Steph Cornish and currently coaches another British player, Jocelyn Rae.

As a singles competitor, she never managed to qualify for any of the four Grand Slam tournaments although she did compete in the Wimbledon doubles competition on two occasions in 2006 and 2007. In 2006, she and Rebecca Llewellyn were beaten by the No. 2 seeds, Cara Black and Rennae Stubbs, and in 2007 she and Melanie South lost to Janette Husárová and Meghann Shaughnessy, the No. 7 seeds.

Rennae Stubbs
Rennae Stubbs (born 26 March 1971) is an Australian former professional tennis player, coach and television commentator. She was ranked number 1 in the world in doubles, and the winner of 4 major doubles titles and 2 mixed doubles titles as well as 66 WTA doubles titles. She is the host of "The Rennae Stubbs Tennis Podcast". She worked at the Seven Network between 2011 and 2018 as an analyst and is now a full time commentator for ESPN tennis. She was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. In January 2019, Stubbs received the OLY post-nominal title at the Brisbane International tournament. She is also the longest-serving member of the Australian BJK Cup team.
1996 Texas House of Representatives election
The 1996 Texas House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Texas voters elected state representatives in all 150 State House of Representatives districts. The winners of this election served in the 75th Texas Legislature. State representatives serve for two-year terms. Republicans gained five seats from the Democrats, reducing the Democratic majority to 82 out of 150 seats.

75th Texas Legislature
The 75th Texas Legislature met from January 14, 1997 to June 2, 1997. All members present during this session were elected in the 1996 general elections. The Republicans won the Texas State Senate chamber for the first time since Reconstruction in the 1996 elections.
Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development
The Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development (French: Mouvement Patriotique pour la Democratie et la Développement, MPDD) is a political party in Togo. It is led by Agbéyomé Kodjo, who stood as the party's candidate for the 2020 Togolese presidential election. As of 2019, it had 2 mayors, 4 deputy mayors, 25 municipal councilors and 2 National assembly members. Its headquarters are located in the Togolese capital Lomé.

During the 2020 Togolese presidential election, Kodjo was supported by former politician and Archbishop Emeritus of Lome Philippe Fanoko Kpodzro. Both Kodjo and Kpodzro were placed under house arrest by Togolese authorities during the election, with external media sources suggesting it was politically motivated. Both men were re-arrested by Togolese gendarmes on April 22 after Kodjo disputed the results of the election. Fifteen MPDD supporters, who were arrested at the same time as Kodjo, were released in August following four months of detention.

Lomé
Lomé (UK: /ˈloʊmeɪ/ LOH-may, US: /loʊˈmeɪ/ loh-MAY) is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437 while there were 2,188,376 permanent residents in its metropolitan area as of the 2022 census. Located on the Gulf of Guinea at the southwest corner of the country, with its entire western border along the easternmost edge of Ghana's Volta Region, Lomé is the country's administrative and industrial center, which includes an oil refinery. It is also the country's chief port, from where it exports coffee, cocoa, copra, and oil palm kernels.

Its city limits extends to the border with Ghana, located a few hundred meters west of the city center, to the Ghanaian city of Aflao and the South Ketu district where the city is situated, had 160,756 inhabitants in 2010. The cross-border agglomeration of which Lomé is the centre has about 2 million inhabitants as of 2020.
Takeshi Nakano
Takeshi Nakano (中野 剛志, Takeshi Nakano, born October 25, 1971) is a Japanese bureaucrat, conservative critic and scholar of economic thought and political thought. Together with Satoshi Fujii, he is the one who introduced Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) to Japan.

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (経済産業省, Keizai-sangyō-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Economy and Industry'; METI) is a ministry of the Government of Japan. It was created by the 2001 Central Government Reform when the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) merged with agencies from other ministries related to economic activities, such as the Economic Planning Agency.

METI has jurisdiction over a broad policy area, containing Japan's industrial/trade policies, energy security, control of arms exports, "Cool Japan", etc.

The Ministry has its headquarters in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo. Its current head is Ryosei Akazawa, who was appointed minister by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi in October 2025.
Giorno
Giorno (Italian for “day”) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francesco Giorno (born 1993), Italian footballer

Guy Giorno (born 1965), Canadian lawyer and politician

John Giorno (1936–2019), American poet and performance artist

Guy Giorno
Guy Giorno (born 1965) is a Canadian lawyer and conservative political activist. He has served in the administration of Ontario Premier Mike Harris and Canadian Prime ministers Stephen Harper. He is described to come from the Mike Harris school of politics.
Ba (surname)
Ba, Bâ, and Bah are potentially related West African surnames, usually of Fula origin. In the Fula culture of Mali and Senegal, the surname Diakité is considered equivalent.

Ba is also a family name in modern China.

Alioune Bâ
Alioune Bâ (January 1, 1959 - July 1, 2018) was a Malian photographer.

Bâ was born in Bamako. He started working for the Musée National du Mali (National Museum of Mali) in 1983. His art focuses on the body, in particular the hands and feet of his subjects.
La Calandria (play)
La Calandria is a comedy of the Italian Renaissance in five acts written by Cardinal Bernardo Dovizi da Bibbiena in 1513. The plot is based on Plautus' Menaechmi and one of the central character's, Calandro, was borrowed from Giovanni Boccaccio's, Decameron. It premiered in 1513 at the Court of Urbino.

Plautus
Titus Maccius Plautus (/ˈplɔːtəs/ PLAW-təs; c. 254 – 184 BC) was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period. His comedies are the earliest Latin literary works to have survived in their entirety. He wrote Palliata comoedia, the genre devised by Livius Andronicus, the innovator of Latin literature. The word Plautine /ˈplɔːtaɪn/ (PLAW-tyne) refers to both Plautus's own works and works similar to or influenced by his.
He influenced some of the greatest figures in literature, including Shakespeare and Molière (The Miser is partly modeled after Plautus's Aulularia).
2022 Scottish Women's Cup final
The 2022 Scottish Women's Cup Final was the 49th official final (51st overall) of the Scottish Women's Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match was played on 29 May 2022 at Tynecastle Park, Edinburgh. Celtic and holders Glasgow City were the finalists, on the first occasion they had faced each other in the final. The match was televised live in the United Kingdom on the free-to-air channel BBC Alba and radio coverage was provided by BBC Sport Scotland.

Celtic won the trophy, with Fran Alonso becoming the first Spanish manager to win the Scottish Cup (either men's or women's version).

BBC Alba
BBC Alba is a Scottish Gaelic-language free-to-air public broadcast television channel jointly owned by the BBC and MG Alba. The channel was launched on 19 September 2008 and is on-air for up to seven hours a day. The name Alba is the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland. The station is unique in that it is the first channel to be delivered under a BBC licence by a partnership and was also the first multi-genre channel to come entirely from Scotland with almost all of its programmes made in Scotland.

As of 2012, BBC Alba had an average viewership of 637,000 adults over the age of 16 in Scotland each week.
Rule in Dearle v Hall
The rule in Dearle v Hall (1828) 3 Russ 1 is an English common law rule to determine priority between competing equitable claims to the same asset.  The rule broadly provides that where the equitable owner of an asset purports to dispose of his equitable interest on two or more occasions, and the equities are equal between claimants, the claimant who first notifies the trustee or legal owner of the asset shall have a first priority claim.

Although the original decisions related to interests under a trust, most modern applications of the rule relate to the factoring of receivables or multiple grants of equitable security interests.

The rule has been subject to some scathing criticism, and has been abrogated in a number of common law countries in the Commonwealth.

Notes receivable
Notes receivable represents claims for which formal instruments of credit are issued as evidence of debt, such as a promissory note. The credit instrument normally requires the debtor to pay interest and extends for time periods of 30 days or longer. Notes receivable are considered current assets if they are to be paid within one year, and non-current if they are expected to be paid after one year.
Curral das Freiras
Curral das Freiras ("Pen of the Nuns") is a civil parish in the municipality of Câmara de Lobos in the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 2,001, in an area of 25.03 km2. It is situated in the mountainous interior of the island. Being one of the more distant locations from the municipal seat of Câmara de Lobos, it is geographically isolated from other communities by the cliffs and peaks surrounding its central valley. A tunnel southwards in the direction of Funchal, which opened in 2004, now offers safe access to the valley and the dangerous historical route has been abandoned.

Pen (enclosure)
A pen is a fenced/walled open-air enclosure for holding land animals in captivity, typically for livestock but may also be used for holding other domesticated animals such as pets that are unwanted inside buildings. The term describes types of enclosures that may confine one or many animals. Construction and terminology vary depending on the region of the world, purpose, animal species to be confined, local materials used and tradition. Pen or penning as a verb refers to the act of confining animals in an enclosure.

Similar terms are kraal, boma, and corrals. Encyclopædia Britannica notes usage of the term "kraal" for elephant corrals in India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase
In enzymology, a succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (EC 3.5.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + H2O  succinate + LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate and H2O, whereas its two products are succinate and LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate amidohydrolase. This enzyme is also called N-succinyl-L-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid deacylase.  This enzyme participates in lysine biosynthesis.

Diaminopimelic acid
Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) is an amino acid, representing an epsilon-carboxy derivative of lysine. meso-α,ε-Diaminopimelic acid is the last intermediate in the biosynthesis of lysine and undergoes decarboxylation by diaminopimelate decarboxylase to give the final product.

DAP is a characteristic of certain cell walls of some bacteria. DAP is often found in the peptide linkages of NAM-NAG chains that make up the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. When provided, they exhibit normal growth. When in deficiency, they still grow but with the inability to make new cell wall peptidoglycan.

This is also the attachment point for Braun's lipoprotein.
2009–10 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team
The 2009–10 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in the 2009–10 college basketball season. This was head coach Bobby Lutz's twelfth season at Charlotte. The 49ers compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference and played their home games at Dale F. Halton Arena. They finished the season 19–12, 9–7 in A-10 play and lost in the first round of the 2010 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament. They were not invited to a post season tournament.

2010 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 2010 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was played initially at campus sites for the first round on March 9, 2010, and subsequently at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey, from March 12 through March 14, 2010.  The Temple Owls won the tournament and thereby received an automatic bid to the 2010 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.

Seeding for the tournament was determined by the conference standings at the end of the regular season.  The last two teams in the standings did not qualify for the tournament.

Temple's victory was their third consecutive A-10 tournament championship.  They became the first team to win three straight since UMass won five consecutive titles from 1992 through 1996.

The championship game was nationally televised on CBS, the first time the league's championship game was broadcast by the network.  In years past, ESPN had televised the game.
Kondopoga hydroelectric power station
Kondopoga hydroelectric power station is a hydroelectric power station in Kondopoga, utilizing the runoff of the Suna River and Lake Sandal in the Kondopozhsky District of the Republic of Karelia. It is part of the Suna Cascade of hydroelectric power stations, serving as its lower stage.

One of Russia's oldest hydroelectric power stations — construction began in 1916, and the station's completion was carried out under the GOELRO plan, with the first hydro unit commissioned in 1929. During the Great Patriotic War, the station was located in occupied territory and was partially destroyed; in the post-war years, it was restored with equipment replacement. The Kondopoga Hydroelectric Power Station is a cultural heritage site of local significance and is protected by the state. The station's owner is Public Joint-Stock Company TGC-1.

GOELRO
GOELRO (Russian: ГОЭЛРО) was the first of Soviet Russia's plans for national economic recovery and development. It became the prototype for subsequent Five-Year Plans drafted by Gosplan. GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" (Russian: Государственная комиссия по электрификации России, romanized: Gosudarstvennaya komissiya po elektrifikatsii Rossii).

The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by Vladimir Lenin. Lenin's belief in the central importance of electrification to the achievement of communism is represented by his statement:

Communism is Soviet power plus the electrification of the whole country.
Ciudad Piar
Ciudad Piar is a town located in the state of Bolívar, Venezuela, about 77 kilometres (48 mi) south of Ciudad Bolívar, but a longer 120 kilometres (75 mi) by road. The town is in the eastern foothills of Cerro Bolivar, a mountain that is being mined for iron ore, and just inland from the huge Embalse de Guri reservoir. It is the administrative seat for Angostura Municipality. It is primarily a mining town.

Ciudad Bolívar
Ciudad Bolívar (Spanish pronunciation: [sjuˈðað βoˈliβaɾ]; Spanish for "Bolivar City"), formerly known as Angostura and St. Thomas de Guyana, is the capital of Venezuela's southeastern Bolívar State. It lies at the spot where the Orinoco River narrows to about 1 mile (1.6 km) in width, is the site of the first bridge across the river, and is a major riverport for the eastern regions of Venezuela.

Historic Angostura gave its name to the Congress of Angostura, to the Angostura tree, to the House of Angostura, and to Angostura bitters. Modern Ciudad Bolívar has a well-preserved historic center; a cathedral and other original colonial buildings surround the Plaza Bolívar.
Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos
Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos is a species of geophagine cichlid. It inhabits parts of the Uruguay and Río Negro rivers. It is characterised by the absence of supraneural bones, the presence of a forward spine in its first dorsal fin pterygiophore, the absence of an oblique bar between the eye and nape, possessing a black marking near the dorsal fin origin that projects to its dorsum, as well as other features.

Geophagini
Geophagini is a tribe of cichlids from the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. It is the sister taxon to the clade which includes the Cichlasomatini and Heroini. Fishes in the Geophagini are distributed from Panama south to Argentina, it is the most speciose of the seven tribes within the Cichlinae and it is subdivided into three sub-tribes, Acarichthyina, Crenicaratina, and Geophagina which together contain over 200 species. Geophagines show morphological and behavioural specialisations to enable them to sift the substrates within their mouths so that they can separate benthic invertebrates from substrates dominated by sand or silt.
Lao Ai
Lao Ai (Chinese: 嫪毐; pinyin: Lào Ǎi; died 238 BCE) was an imposter eunuch and official of the State of Qin during the late Warring States period. Allegedly falsifying his castration in order to gain entry into the court of Qin, he became the favorite of Queen Dowager Zhao, the mother of Qin Shi Huang, later the First Emperor of China. He was enfeoffed as Marquis of Changxin (長信侯). After a conspiracy to incite rebellion was uncovered, he was executed by Qin Shi Huang.

Since the conspiracy and downfall of Lao Ai, his sexual misdeeds have become a fixture in the traditional moralizing discourse of intellectuals in imperial China, and his very surname and style name, which meant "lustful misdeed" in Old Chinese, has become a byword for "fornicators" in the classical Chinese language.

Sexual ethics
Sexual ethics (also known as sex ethics or sexual morality) is a branch of philosophy that considers the ethics or morality of human sexual behavior. Sexual ethics seeks to understand, evaluate, and critique interpersonal relationships and sexual activities from social, cultural, and philosophical perspectives. Some people consider aspects of human sexuality such as gender identification and sexual orientation, as well as consent, sexual relations and procreation, as giving rise to issues of sexual ethics.

Historically, the prevailing notions of what is regarded as sexually ethical have been linked to religious teachings and philosophy. More recently, the sexual revolution challenged traditional ethical codes, and the feminist movement has emphasized personal choice and consent in sexual activities, especially for women.
Lesly St. Fleur
Lesly St. Fleur (born 21 March 1989) is a Bahamian international football player, who plays as a striker for Jamaica National Premier League side Montego Bay United and is the all time top goalscorer for the Bahamas national team.

Jamaica Premier League
The Jamaica Premier League (formerly the National Premier League), commonly abbreviated as JPL and officially known as the Wray and Nephew Jamaica Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is sanctioned by the Jamaican Football Federation as the top division for men's association football in Jamaica. Contested between 14 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the JFF Championship. Most games are played on Sunday afternoons and Monday evenings (Monday Night Football).