hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Princeton Friends School
Princeton Friends School (PFS) is an independent Quaker day pre-Kindergarten-8th grade school in Princeton, New Jersey.  It is under the care of Princeton Monthly Meeting and located on the Meeting's historic Stony Brook Meeting House and Cemetery property, adjacent to both the Institute for Advanced Study Woods and the Princeton Battlefield. The school is governed by a board of trustees that includes members of the Religious Society of Friends, attenders of the Princeton Monthly Meeting, parents of students in the school, and members of the broader Princeton community.

Eighth grade
Eighth grade (also 8th grade or Grade 8) is the eighth year of formal or compulsory education in the United States. The eighth grade is the third or fourth (and typically final) year of middle school. Students in eighth grade are usually 13–14 years old. Different terms and numbers are used in other parts of the world.
Sal Dimiceli
Sal Dimiceli is a real estate businessman from Lake Geneva, Wisconsin who writes a column on charity for the Lake Geneva Regional News.  Dimiceli's column, "The Time is Now to Help," has been likened to "a 'Dear Abby' for the down and out", but is perhaps more akin to the Percy Ross column, Thanks a Million.  The column features letters from people in economic distress; Dimiceli selects families to visit, stocks their refrigerator, pays off their outstanding utility bills, and then provides the family with some financial counseling to help them avoid such difficulties in the future.

Dimiceli's work has been featured in national media, and he was named a "CNN Hero".

Dear Abby
Dear Abby is an American advice column founded in 1956 by Pauline Phillips under the pen name "Abigail Van Buren" and carried on today by her daughter, Jeanne Phillips, who now owns the legal rights to the pen name.
Nicholas Carlier
Nicholas Carlier (born 23 March 1968) is a former English cricketer and a right-handed batsman.  He was born in Belper, Derbyshire.

Carlier represented the Essex Cricket Board in 3 List A matches.  The first was against Ireland in the 1999 NatWest Trophy. The second and third matches were against the Lancashire Cricket Board and Warwickshire, both in the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In his 3 List A matches, he scored 92 runs at a batting average of 30.66, with a single half century high score of 56.  In the field he took a single catch.

2000 NatWest Trophy
The 2000 NatWest Trophy was the 20th and last NatWest Trophy before being renamed as the Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy for the 2001 season.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 2 May and 26 August 2000. The tournament was won by Gloucestershire who defeated Warwickshire by 22 runs in the final at Lord's.
Complex adaptive system
A complex adaptive system (CAS) is a system that is complex in that it is a dynamic network of interactions, but the behavior of the ensemble may not be predictable according to the behavior of the components. It is adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events. It is a "complex macroscopic collection" of relatively "similar and partially connected micro-structures" formed in order to adapt to the changing environment and increase their survivability as a macro-structure. The Complex Adaptive Systems approach builds on replicator dynamics.

The study of complex adaptive systems, a subset of nonlinear dynamical systems, is an interdisciplinary matter that attempts to blend insights from the natural and social sciences to develop system-level models and insights that allow for heterogeneous agents, phase transition, and emergent behavior.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
2011–12 Serbian First League
The 2011–12 Serbian First League was the seventh season of the league under its current name. It started on 13 August 2011 and concluded on 6 June 2012.

Radnički Niš won the title and Donji Srem finished as runners-up, with both clubs earning promotion to the Serbian SuperLiga.

Radnički Sombor, Mladi Radnik, Sinđelić Niš and Srem were relegated to their respective Serbian League groups.

Serbian League
The Serbian League (Serbian: Српска лига / Srpska liga) is the third level football league in Serbia. It consists of four groups, namely Belgrade, East, Vojvodina, and West. The winner of each group earns promotion to the Serbian First League.
Storey County, Nevada
Storey County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,104, making it the third-least populous county, but one of the fastest-growing economies in Nevada. In 2018, over 18,000 people were employed in the county. Its area is 264 square miles (680 square kilometers), making it the smallest county in Nevada in terms of area (though the independent city of Carson City is smaller). Its county seat is Virginia City. Storey County is part of the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. The population of the county has fluctuated significantly throughout the years, from a high of 16,115 in 1880 to a low of 568	in 1960.

Independent city (United States)
In the United States, an independent city is a city that is not in the territory of any county or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as "county equivalents" and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name.

Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in Virginia, whose state constitution makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Baltimore is the most populous independent city in the United States.
Idiap Research Institute
The Idiap Research Institute is a semi-private non-profit research institute based in Martigny, in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It conducts research in the areas of speech processing, computer vision, information retrieval, biometric authentication, multimodal interaction and machine learning. The institute is affiliated with the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), and with the Université de Genève.

Speech processing
Speech processing is the study of speech signals and the processing methods of  signals. The signals are usually processed in a digital representation, so speech processing can be regarded as a special case of digital signal processing, applied to speech signals. Aspects of speech processing includes the acquisition, manipulation, storage, transfer and output of speech signals. Different speech processing tasks include speech recognition, speech synthesis, speaker diarization, speech enhancement, speaker recognition, etc.
Hitler Youth conspiracy
The Hitler Youth conspiracy was a case investigated by the Soviet secret police during the Great Purge in the late 1930s. It resulted in the arrest of numerous adolescent Germans, some in their twenties and beyond. They were accused of having been fascist, anti-communist members of the Hitler Youth, who were working against the Soviet Union. Teenagers from the Karl Liebknecht School, from Children's Home No. 6, and adults from factories and elsewhere were arrested, tortured, and imprisoned. Many were executed or died in custody. Some were the children of leading communists. Within years, the investigation was found to have been faulty and a number of the investigators were also arrested, with sentences ranging from imprisonment to execution. In the 1950s, following the death of Joseph Stalin, a new examination of the files revealed many of the accusations to have been baseless and a number of the victims were rehabilitated.

Main Directorate of State Security
The Main Directorate of State Security (Russian: Glavnoe upravlenie gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti, Главное управление государственной безопасности, ГУГБ, GUGB) was the name of the Soviet Union's most important security body within the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs NKVD USSR. At the time of its existence, which was from July 10, 1934 to February 3, 1941, the GUGB reflected exactly the Secret Operational Directorate within OGPU under the Council of People's Commissars, which operated within OGPU structure from 1923 to 1931/32.
An intelligence service and secret police from July 1934 to February 1941, it was run under the auspices of the Peoples Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD). Its first head was first deputy of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs (then Genrikh Yagoda), Commissioner 1st rank of State Security Yakov Agranov.
Same-sex marriage in the United States Virgin Islands
Same-sex marriage has been legal in the United States Virgin Islands since July 9, 2015, as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges. On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry under the Equal Protection and Due Process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, legalizing same-sex marriage in the U.S. Virgin Islands. On June 30, Governor Kenneth Mapp said the territorial government would comply with the ruling, and on July 9 he signed an executive order requiring the government to extend marriage rights to same-sex couples. The first two same-sex couples applied for marriage licenses on July 13, and were issued licenses on July 21 after the 8-day waiting period between applying for and receiving marriage licenses.

Due Process Clause
A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law.

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government.
Travis Scott: Look Mom I Can Fly
Travis Scott: Look Mom I Can Fly is a 2019 documentary directed by White Trash Tyler, produced by Travis Scott, Kylie Jenner, David Stromberg and Angus Wall and starring Scott. The documentary explores Travis's rise to fame in 2018 to where he  created and released his third studio album Astroworld. He takes his audience through a roller coaster of events which lead him to the point where he is today. The documentary includes footage of live concerts and performances, time spent with Scott's family, collaborations in the studio to prepare his album, fans and their perspectives of how their lives were changed by him, and flashbacks to his childhood which shaped him.

It was released August 28, 2019 on Netflix.

Angus Wall
Angus Alexander Wall (born March 15, 1967) is a film editor and film title designer.  He and fellow film editor Kirk Baxter won the Academy Award for Best Film Editing for the David Fincher film The Social Network (2010) and again the next year for The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011). He and Baxter were nominated the Academy Award for Best Film Editing, the BAFTA Award for Best Editing, and the American Cinema Editors Eddie Award for the 2008 film The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, also directed by David Fincher. Wall's title design work on the HBO television series Carnivàle and Game of Thrones both received Emmy Awards in 2004 and 2011, respectively, and his work on the series Rome's titles was nominated for the BAFTA Award in 2005.
Vancouver Challenger
Vancouver Challenger can refer to one of two Challenger tennis tournaments held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Odlum Brown Vancouver Open, the current event, held for both men's and women's players

Vancouver Challenger (1993), a one-time held event, in February 1993

Vancouver Open
The Odlum Brown VanOpen (sponsored by Odlum Brown Limited) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's Circuit. It is held at the Hollyburn Country Club in West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The event was hosted continuously from 2002 to 2015, but returned in 2017 after a one-year hiatus. The 2020 and 2021 editions were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event returned for one edition in 2022 but remained on hiatus, until its second comeback in 2026, citing ongoing renovations at its host venue.
Unara
Unara is a heritage-listed detached house at 9–13 Tourist Road, East Toowoomba, Toowoomba, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1906. It is also known as Unara Community Health Centre. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 March 2000.

Toowoomba Region
The Toowoomba Region is a local government area (LGA) on the border of Darling Downs and South East Queensland regions of Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, the LGA was preceded by several other local government authorities with histories extending back to the early 1900s and beyond.

In 2018–2019, it had a A$491 million budget, of which A$316 million is for service delivery and A$175.13 million capital (infrastructure) budget.

In the 2021 census, the Toowoomba Region had a population of 173,204 people.
Wojsławice, Pińczów County
Wojsławice [vɔi̯swaˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złota, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Złota, 12 km (7 mi) south of Pińczów, and 51 km (32 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Pińczów
Pińczów pronounced [ˈpʲiɲt͡ʂuf] is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) south of Kielce. It is the capital of Pińczów County. The population is 10,946 (2018). Pińczów belongs to the historical region of Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska) and lies in the valley of the river Nida.
Paola Antonia Negri
Paola Antonia Negri, later known as Virginia Negri (1508 in Castellanza – 4 April 1555 in Milan) was an Italian nun and co-founder of the Angelic Sisters of St. Paul. She played a dominant role in her community until she was ousted from it by the Roman Inquisition and condemned to seclusion.

Roman Inquisition
The Roman Inquisition, formally Suprema Congregatio Sanctae Romanae et Universalis Inquisitionis (Latin for 'the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition'), was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Catholic Church, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes according to Catholic law and doctrine, relating to Catholic religious life or alternative religious or secular beliefs. It was established in 1542 by the leader of the Catholic Church, Pope Paul III. In the period after the Medieval Inquisition, it was one of three different manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition, the other two being the Spanish Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition.
Made in Italy (song)
Made in Italy is a song by italian singer Rosa Chemical, released by Universal Music Italia on 9 February 2023. The song competed at the Sanremo Music Festival 2023, finishing in eighth position. It was written by the singer and Paolo Antonacci, and produced by Bdope and Davide Simonetta.

Sanremo Music Festival 2023
The Sanremo Music Festival 2023 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2023), officially the 73rd Italian Song Festival (73º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 73rd edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held in the Teatro Ariston of Sanremo, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was held between 7 and 11 February 2023, and was presented for the fourth time in a row by Amadeus, who also served as the artistic director for the competition, with Gianni Morandi co-hosting.

The festival was won by Marco Mengoni with "Due vite", earning him the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023; Mengoni had previously won Sanremo in 2013 and had represented Italy in that year's Eurovision.
Somerset, Pennsylvania
Somerset (/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ SUM-ər-set) is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 6,046 at the 2020 census. The borough is surrounded by Somerset Township and is located off the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-70 and I-76). Somerset is the principal city of the Somerset micropolitan statistical area, which consists of Somerset County, and is also a principal city of the larger Johnstown-Somerset combined statistical area.

Somerset Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Somerset Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 12,165 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area and encompasses the census-designated place (CDP) of Friedens.
Stephen Carlton Clark
Stephen Carlton Clark (August 29, 1882 – September 17, 1960) was an American art collector, businessman, newspaper publisher and philanthropist. He may be best known as the founder of the Baseball Hall of Fame, in Cooperstown, New York.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (/rɛnˈwɑːr/; French: [pjɛʁ oɡyst ʁənwaʁ]; 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. It has been said that, as a celebrator of beauty and especially feminine sensuality, "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau."

He was the father of the actor Pierre Renoir (1885–1952), the filmmaker Jean Renoir (1894–1979) and the ceramic artist Claude Renoir (1901–1969). He was the grandfather of the filmmaker Claude Renoir (1913–1993), son of Pierre.
James Johnson (sports administrator)
James Johnson (born 21 May 1982) is an Australian and British sports administrator and business person.

He is the current Group CEO of Canadian Soccer Business and the Commissioner of the Canadian Premier League. Johnson was the CEO of Football Australia from January 2020 until he resigned in 2025. He is also a non-executive advisory board member of the Association Football Development Program Global chaired by Prince Ali bin Hussein of Jordan.

Sport management
Sport management, also referred to as sport administration, is the field of business dealing with sports and recreation. Sports management involves any combination of skills that correspond with planning, organizing, directing, controlling, budgeting, leading, or evaluating of any organization or business within the sports field. The field of sport management has its origins in physical education departments. The discipline has evolved to incorporate history and sociology. Development of sport management has also extended to esport management growing to a $4.5 billion dollar industry as of 2018. The opportunities in sport management have expanded to include sports marketing, sports media analytics, sports sponsorships and sports facilities management.
Pekka Tukia
Pekka Pertti Tukia (born 3 November 1945 in Pihtipudas) is a Finnish mathematician who does research on Kleinian groups and their geometric properties (such as limit sets).

Tukia received his PhD in 1972 with thesis advisor Kaarlo Virtanen in Helsinki. Tukia is a professor at the University of Helsinki.

He made substantial contributions to the collective work of about a dozen mathematicians who proved the Seifert fiber space conjecture. In 1992 he was an invited speaker with talk Generalizations of Fuchsian and Kleinian groups at the European Congress of European Mathematicians in Paris. In 1994 he was an invited speaker with talk A survey of Möbius groups at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Zürich.

Kleinian group
In mathematics, a Kleinian group is a discrete subgroup of the group of orientation-preserving isometries of hyperbolic 3-space H3. The latter, identifiable with PSL(2, C), is the quotient group of the 2 by 2 complex matrices of determinant 1 by their center, which consists of the identity matrix and its product by −1. PSL(2, C) has a natural representation as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the Riemann sphere, and as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the open unit ball B3 in R3. The group of Möbius transformations is also related as the non-orientation-preserving isometry group of H3, PGL(2, C). So, a Kleinian group can be regarded as a discrete subgroup acting on one of these spaces.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 83
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 83 (P. Oxy. 83) is a declaration by an egg-seller, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 17 January 328. Formerly it was housed in the Rugby School in Rugby. The current location of the fragment is unknown. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The letter contains a declaration on oath, made by an egg-seller, addressed to the logistes. The author, Aurelius Nilus, affirms that he will sell eggs only in the public market (ἀγορά). He agrees that he will not sell them secretly or from his house, and that he will be subject to the penalty provided for breaking the oath should he be caught doing so. The measurements of the fragment are 262 by 96 mm.

Agora
The agora (/ˈæɡərə/; Ancient Greek: ἀγορά, romanized: agorá, meaning "market" in Modern Greek) was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states. The literal meaning of the word "agora" is "gathering place" or "assembly". The agora was the center of the athletic, artistic, business, social, spiritual, and political life in the city. The Ancient Agora of Athens is the best example.