hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dioxane tetraketone
Dioxane tetraketone (or 1,4-dioxane-2,3,5,6-tetrone) is an organic compound with the formula C4O6.  It is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), which can be viewed as the fourfold ketone of dioxane.  It can also be viewed as the cyclic dimer of oxiranedione (C2O3), the hypothetical anhydride of oxalic acid.

In 1998, Paolo Strazzolini and others synthesized this compound by reacting oxalyl chloride (COCl)2 or the bromide (COBr)2 with a suspension of silver oxalate (Ag2C2O4) in diethyl ether at −15 °C, followed by evaporation of the solvent at low temperature and pressure.  The substance is stable when dissolved in ether and chloroform at −30 °C, but decomposes into a 1:1 mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) upon heating to 0 °C.  The stability and conformation of the molecule were also analyzed by theoretical methods.

1,4-Dioxane
1,4-Dioxane (/daɪˈɒkseɪn/) is a heterocyclic organic compound, classified as an ether. It is a colorless liquid with a faint sweet odor similar to that of diethyl ether. The compound is often called simply dioxane because the other dioxane isomers (1,2- and 1,3-) are rarely encountered.

1,4-Dioxane is miscible in water, essentially nonvolatile when dissolved in water, not well adsorbed by activated carbon, and not readily oxidized by common oxidants.

Dioxane is used as a solvent in manufacturing applications, and as a stabilizer for the transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons in aluminium containers. It is a highly flammable substance that produces toxic vapors when heated.

Although it is a trace material in commonly used products, such as cosmetics, dioxane is considered a hazardous contaminant and potential carcinogen in many countries, requiring government monitoring of amounts used in manufacturing and its presence in air, drinking water, and ecosystems.
Kulmerland (ship)
Kulmerland was a Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) cargo liner that was launched in 1928. She worked HAPAG's route between Hamburg and the Far East until 1939. In the Second World War she was a supply ship for German auxiliary cruisers in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In 1942 she became a successful blockade runner to German-occupied Europe. An Allied air raid on German-occupied France in 1943 put her out of action. German forces sank her as a blockship in 1944. She was raised in 1945 after the Liberation of France, and scrapped in 1950.

This was the first of two HAPAG ships named after Kulmerland in West Prussia, which is now Chełmno Land in Poland. The second Kulmerland was a motor ship that was completed in 1961, and sold and renamed in 1971.

Combat stores ship
Combat stores ships, or storeships, are naval auxiliary ships used to store logistic supplies and deliver provisions and motor fuel to other surface combatants on extended deployments. The United States Navy operated the Sirius and Mars classes, and the Royal Navy operated the Fort Rosalie class and continues to operate one Fort Victoria class ship, having scrapped the other. They carried or carry the fleets's refrigerated stores, dry provisions, technical spares, general stores, fleet freight, mail and replacement personnel or specialists. Storeships should not be confused with fast combat support ships which are high speed auxiliary ships or tenders which provide maintenance support to flotillas.
2012 Singapore Grand Prix
The 2012 Singapore Grand Prix (officially the 2012 Formula 1 SingTel Singapore Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that took place at the Marina Bay Street Circuit in Marina Bay, Singapore on 23 September 2012 as the fourteenth round of the 2012 season. The race was the thirteenth time that a Singapore Grand Prix has been held, and the fifth time it was a round of the Formula One World Championship.

Lewis Hamilton started the race from pole. Sebastian Vettel won the race, his second of the season, after Hamilton's gearbox failed early in the race. Hamilton's teammate Jenson Button finished second, with championship leader Fernando Alonso rounding out the podium in third.

Bruno Senna
Bruno Senna Lalli (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈbɾunu ˈsenɐ]; born 15 October 1983) is a Brazilian former racing driver who competed in Formula One from 2010 to 2012. In endurance racing, Senna won the 2017 FIA Endurance Trophy in the LMP2 class with Rebellion.

Born and raised in São Paulo, Senna is a nephew of three-time World Drivers' Champion Ayrton Senna. He made his debut in Formula One for HRT in 2010, raced for Renault from August 2011 as a replacement for Nick Heidfeld, and drove for the Williams team in 2012. Between 2014 and 2016, he drove for Mahindra in Formula E.
Torus action
In algebraic geometry, a torus action on an algebraic variety is a group action of an algebraic torus on the variety. A variety equipped with an action of a torus T is called a T-variety. In differential geometry, one considers an action of a real or complex torus on a manifold (or an orbifold).

A normal algebraic variety with a torus acting on it in such a way that there is a dense orbit is called a toric variety (for example, orbit closures that are normal are toric varieties).

Algebraic torus
In mathematics, an algebraic torus, where a one dimensional torus is typically denoted by , , or , is a type of commutative affine algebraic group commonly found in projective algebraic geometry and toric geometry. Higher dimensional algebraic tori can be modelled as a product of algebraic groups . These groups were named by analogy with the theory of tori in Lie group theory (see Cartan subgroup). For example, over the complex numbers  the algebraic torus  is isomorphic to the group scheme , which is the scheme theoretic analogue of the Lie group . In fact, any -action on a complex vector space can be pulled back to a -action from the inclusion  as real manifolds.

Tori are of fundamental importance in the theory of algebraic groups and Lie groups and in the study of the geometric objects associated to them such as symmetric spaces and buildings.
Adrian Schinoff
Adrian Schinoff (born Adrián Gonzalo Schinoff Noher; January 7, 1972) is a musician, producer, and composer. His song "Te Quise Tanto", sung by Paulina Rubio and composed in collaboration with Coti Sorokin, was number one in Top Latin Songs of 2004 and it was awarded by the ASCAP at the 13th annual awards in 2005 as The Winner Song in the Pop-Ballad category ASCAP.

Hot Latin Songs
The Billboard Hot Latin Songs (formerly Hot Latin Tracks and Hot Latin 50) is a record chart in the United States for Latin songs, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Since October 2012, chart rankings are based on digital sales, radio airplay, and online streaming, and only predominantly Spanish-language songs are allowed to rank. The chart was established by the magazine on September 6, 1986, and was originally based on airplay on Latin music radio stations. Although the chart predominantly allows Spanish-language songs, songs in English and Portuguese have charted.

The first number one song of the Hot Latin Songs chart was "La Guirnalda" by Rocío Dúrcal on September 6, 1986. As of the issue dated February 28, 2026, the chart has had 468 different number one hits, while 192 artists have reached number one (as a lead or a featured act). The current number-one song on the chart is "DTMF" by Bad Bunny.
Lusambo Territory
Lusambo is a territory of Sankuru province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  After the town of Lusambo became a separately administered city, it was decided to move the territory's administrative center from there to the smaller town of Mpanya Mutombo.

Lusambo
Lusambo  (Swahili: Mji wa Lusambo) is the capital city of Sankuru province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The town lies north of the confluence of the Sankuru River and the Lubi River. Lusambo is served by Lusambo Airport.

In 1890 Lusambo was chosen by Paul Le Marinel as the main Belgian base in the Kasai region to defend against the Arab or Swahili traders in slaves and ivory who came from the east. The station would soon become one of the most important military posts of the Congo Free State with a permanent staff of seventeen whites, six hundred native soldiers and four artillery pieces.

In 1999 the new Kabila government and its ally, the Zimbabwean government of Robert Mugabe, claimed that U.S. mercenaries were helping Ugandan and Rwandan-backed rebel forces who had surrounded 700 Zimbabwean troops near Lusambo during the Second Congo War.
Marshall Douglas
Marshall C. Douglas is a Scottish golfer. He played in four Open Championships; 1966, 1967, 1970 and 1972. Douglas won the inaugural 1969 Nigerian Open, and was third in 1970. He was runner-up in the 1966 Northern Open, in the 1969 Scottish Uniroyal Tournament and in the 1974 Scottish Coca-Cola Tournament. Douglas also won the Elie Boys in 1957 and the Eastwood Quaich 1962. In September 1973, Douglas won with scores of 70 and 68 at Dalmahoy, the Pro-Am Championship of Scotland sponsored by Scottish Sunday Express and Royal Bank of Scotland.

Scottish Uniroyal Tournament
The Scottish Uniroyal Tournament was a golf tournament that was played from 1969 to 1975. It was a 72-hole stroke-play event, played in Scotland. In 1976 and 1977 Uniroyal sponsored a European Tour event, the Uniroyal International.
Jasper County, Georgia
Jasper County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,588, up from 13,900 in 2010. The county seat is Monticello. Jasper County is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA.

Central Georgia
Central Georgia, also known as Middle Georgia, is an eleven-county region in the U.S. state of Georgia. It abuts the Atlanta metropolitan area, just to the north, and is anchored by both the Macon and Warner Robins metropolitan areas.
Camille Malfroy
Jean Michel Camille Malfroy (23 March 1839 – 6 January 1897) was a New Zealand engineer and local politician. He was born in Macornay, France on 23 March 1839.

Malfroy arrived in New Zealand via the Victorian goldfields in the 1860s. Naturalised on 7 May 1878, he was elected as the first Mayor of Ross on the West Coast of the South Island. He served as a Mining Engineer on the West Coast until appointment as Crown Lands Department Engineer in charge of works in Rotorua in 1886. He was a prominent local politician and developer of Rotorua tourist attractions. He also served as Head of New Zealand exhibit at the 1889 Exposition coloniale in Paris and was awarded the Chevalier of the Légion d’honneur by the French government on 30 October 1889. He died in Rotorua on 6 January 1897.

Macornay
Macornay (French pronunciation: [makɔʁnɛ]) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. Macornay is located 4 km south of the department capital Lons-le-Saunier. Tourist attractions include many outdoor activities such as biking and hiking, and there are many historical sites in the vicinity.
2019 Individual Ice Racing World Championship
The 2019 FIM Ice Speedway World Championship was the 54th edition of the FIM Individual Ice Racing World Championship season. The world champion was determined by ten races hosted in five cities Almata, Shadrinsk, Berlin, Inzell and Heerenveen between 2 February and 31 March 2019.

Daniil Ivanov won the World Championship series to become world champion for the third time.

Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.
Oil Pollution Act of 1924
Oil Pollution Act of 1924 is a United States federal statute establishing regulations for coastal navigable waters with regards to intentional fossil fuel discharges from seagoing vessels. The Act of Congress grants the Secretary of War authority to evaluate the oil volume discharge from a vessel while assessing if coastal navigable waters have a potential toxicity posing a deleterious condition for human health and seafood contamination. The 1924 United States statute provides judicial penalties encompassing civil and criminal punishment for violations of the prescribed regulations as stated in the Act.

The legislation was passed by the 68th United States Congressional session and confirmed as a federal law by the 30th President of the United States Calvin Coolidge on June 7, 1924.

Risk assessment
Risk assessment is a process for identifying hazards, potential (future) events which may negatively impact on individuals, assets, and/or the environment because of those hazards, their likelihood and consequences, and actions which can mitigate these effects. The output from such a process may also be called a risk assessment. Hazard analysis forms the first stage of a risk assessment process. Judgments "on the tolerability of the risk on the basis of a risk analysis" (i.e. risk evaluation) also form part of the process. The results of a risk assessment process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion.

Risk assessment forms a key part of a broader risk management strategy to help reduce any potential risk-related consequences.
Tina Stege
Tina Stege is the Climate Envoy for the Marshall Islands (RMI). The RMI is one of the countries in the world most vulnerable to climate change, mainly as a result of rising sea levels. Stege has represented her country at the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25) held in Madrid, Spain, the 2021 Conference (COP26) held in Glasgow, Scotland, the 2022 Conference (COP27) held in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, the 2023 Conference (COP28), held in Dubai, and the 2024 Conference (COP29), held in Baku, Azerbaijan. She has also been a spokesperson for the RMI on the impacts of nuclear testing.

2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference or Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC, more commonly referred to as COP27, was the 27th United Nations Climate Change conference, held from 6 November until 20 November 2022 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. It took place under the presidency of Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sameh Shoukry, with more than 92 heads of state and an estimated 35,000 representatives, or delegates, of 190 countries attending. It was the fifth climate summit held in Africa, and the first since 2016.

The conference has been held annually (except 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic) since the first UN climate agreement in 1992. It is used by governments to agree on policies to limit global temperature rises and adapt to impacts associated with climate change. The conference led to the first loss-and-damage fund being created.
Yuria's Red String of Fate
Yuria's Red String of Fate (Japanese: ゆりあ先生の赤い糸, Hepburn: Yuria-sensei no Akai Ito) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kiwa Irie. It was serialized in Kodansha's josei manga magazine Be Love from February 2018 to September 2022, with its chapters collected in eleven tankōbon volumes. A nine-episode television drama adaptation aired on TV Asahi from October to December 2023.

The manga won the 45th Kodansha Manga Award for the general category in 2021, and the 27th Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize in 2023.

Kadokawa Corporation
Kadokawa Corporation (Japanese: 株式会社KADOKAWA, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kadokawa), formerly Kadokawa Dwango Corporation, is a Japanese conglomerate based in Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

Created as a result of the merger of the original Kadokawa Corporation and Dwango Co., Ltd. on October 1, 2014, the company has holdings in entertainment (including anime and video game studios), publishing, and real estate among other assets.

Kadokawa is a member of the Motion Picture Association of Japan (MPPAJ) and is therefore one of the youngest of Japan's Big Four film studios.
Kyungôn
Kyungôn is a village in Pathein Township, Pathein District, in the Ayeyarwady Region of northern-central Myanmar. It lies beside a former oxbow lake of the Pathein River west of the river at the edge of the flood plain. The oxbow lake has been converted to paddy.

Pathein River
The Pathein River (Burmese: ပုသိမ်မြစ်), formerly called the Bassein River, is the westernmost distributary of the Irrawaddy River in the Irrawaddy delta of Myanmar flowing through Ayeyarwady Region. The river is also interchangeably known as the Ngawun River (Burmese: ငဝန်မြစ်).

Seafaring vessels from Andaman Sea are able to travel about 75 miles (121 km) inland up the Pathein River to the city of Pathein. As far south as Thabaung Township, about 20 miles north of Pathein, the river becomes prone to seasonal flooding in a flood plain environment.

The river also provides fresh water to the city of Pathein through a treatment plant in the village of Mayanchaung.
Baryshsky District
Baryshsky District  (Russian: Бары́шский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,255.8 square kilometers (871.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Barysh. Population: 44,034 (2010 Census);  31,444 (2002 Census); 36,230 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Barysh accounts for 38.9% of the district's total population.

Ulyanovsk Oblast
Ulyanovsk Oblast (Russian: Ульяновская область, romanized: Ulyanovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It is located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Ulyanovsk. It has a population of 1,292,799 (2010 Census).

The area of Ulyanovsk Oblast corresponds to the former Simbirsk Governorate which formerly existed as an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, replacing the Simbirsk Viceroyalty from 1796 and later, Bolshevik Russia. The governorate was renamed to Ulyanovsk Governorate, in honor of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom he was born in Simbirsk after his death in 1924. In 1928, Ulyanovsk became an okrug and the present day Ulyanovsk Oblast was formed in 1943 merging some parts of Kuybyshev and Penza Oblasts.
Don Garrett
Don Garrett is an American philosopher and Silver Professor and professor of philosophy at the New York University.
He is known for his work on early modern philosophy.
Previously Garrett was Kenan Distinguished Professor for Teaching Excellence at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and has served as co-editor of Hume Studies.

Early modern philosophy
Early modern philosophy (also classical modern philosophy) was a period in the history of philosophy that overlaps with the beginning of the period known as modern philosophy. It succeeded the medieval era of philosophy. Early modern philosophy is usually thought to have occurred between the 16th and 18th centuries, though some philosophers and historians may put this period slightly earlier. During this time, influential philosophers included Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant, all of whom contributed to the current understanding of philosophy.
Dry Creek, West Virginia
Dry Creek is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Dry Creek is located on West Virginia Route 3 16 miles (26 km) west-northwest of Beckley. Dry Creek has a post office with ZIP code 25062.

West Virginia Route 3
West Virginia Route 3 is a state highway in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It runs from West Virginia Route 10 in West Hamlin in a general easterly direction via Beckley to West Virginia Route 311 at Sweet Springs, most of the way across the state.

Route 3 crosses a particularly large part of the state's landscape. It goes through many counties including Monroe, Greenbrier, Summers, Raleigh, Boone, and Lincoln. At least two state parks are along the route. Moncove Lake State Park, in the southeastern part of the state, is just a few miles off the main road near Gap Mills. Little Beaver State Park is in Beaver, near the major city of Beckley.

WV 3 overlaps U.S. Route 119 in Boone County north of Madison and U.S. Route 219 from Union north to Pickaway.
Struuga Landscape Conservation Area
Struuga Landscape Conservation Area was a nature park which was located in Ida-Viru County, Estonia.

The area of the nature park was 1251 ha.

The protected area was founded in 2007 to protect the oxbow lakes (Estonian: vanajõgi or Estonian: struuga) of the Narva River, and theirs biodiversity. In 2021, the protected area was incorporated to Alutaguse National Park.

Alutaguse National Park
Alutaguse National Park (Estonian: Alutaguse rahvuspark) is a national park in eastern Estonia, established in 2018.

The park lies mostly on the Alutaguse Lowland. This region is characterized by sparse settlement density and a high percentage of natural landscapes. Roughly 54% of the park consists of bogs, and 42% is forested.

The many rare species in the park include Siberian flying squirrel, willow ptarmigan and black stork.
Football in Berlin
Football in Berlin, the capital of Germany, has a long history. The city contributed 24 of the 86 founders of the DFB, the German Football Association. The DFB Cup Final has been held every year at the Olympiastadion since 1985.

The two main football clubs in Berlin are Hertha Berlin and Union Berlin. Hertha BSC, a founder of the DFB, played in the West German system during the Cold War. 1. FC Union Berlin played in the East German system.

The Olympic Stadium hosted the later stages of football at the 1936 Summer Olympics, with the other matches played at smaller grounds in the city. The ground was also a venue in the 1974 FIFA World Cup group containing both West and East Germany. The 2006 FIFA World Cup Final was held at Olympiastadion and saw Italy defeat France on penalties. In 2015 the UEFA Champions League Final was held in Berlin.

SC Dynamo Berlin
The Sports Club Dynamo Berlin  was an East German sports club that existed from 1954 to 1991. It was the largest sports club of SV Dynamo, the sports association of the security agencies. The club was reformed after German reunification and succeeded by sports club SC Berlin.
Thames Sailing Barge Match
The Thames Sailing Barge Match is the second oldest sailing race in the world, beaten only by the America's Cup. It starts off Stanford-le-Hope and finishes off the Three Daws public house in Gravesend on the London River (River Thames) and is open to spritsail rigged Thames sailing barges, it uses the same course and rules as were used in the first match in 1863.

Stanford-le-Hope
Stanford-le-Hope is a town in the borough of Thurrock in Essex, England. Often known locally simply as Stanford, the town is located 24 miles (39 km) east of Charing Cross in central London. At the 2021 census the Stanford-le-Hope built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics, which includes Corringham, had a population of 29,525.

Stanford-le-Hope was an ancient parish. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1936 on the creation of Thurrock Urban District, which in turn became the modern borough of Thurrock in 1974. The ecclesiastical parish has been merged with neighbouring Mucking to form a Church of England parish called "Stanford-le-Hope with Mucking".