hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Duffin
Adam Duffin (1841–1924) was a unionist politician in Ireland.

Duffin studied at the Royal School, Armagh, and Queen's College.  Despite having no political experience, he was elected as an Ulster Unionist Party member of the Senate of Northern Ireland, aged about 80, in 1921.  He served until his death two years and nine months later. His daughter, Emma, was a wartime nurse whose diaries are now held with the larger Duffin collection in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.

Queen's University of Ireland
The Queen's University of Ireland was established formally by royal charter on 3 September 1850, as the degree-awarding university of the Queen's Colleges of Belfast, Cork, and Galway that were established in 1845 "to afford a university education to members of all religious denominations" in Ireland.

The university system itself was replaced by the Royal University of Ireland in 1880, which in turn was replaced by Queen's University Belfast, with the Cork and Galway colleges forming the National University of Ireland, along with University College Dublin.

The three Queen's colleges are currently known as:

University of Galway

Queen's University Belfast

University College Cork
Palestine Wildlife Society
The Palestine Wildlife Society (Arabic: جمعية الحياة البرية في فلسطين) (PWLS), is a non-profit organisation founded in Palestine that focusses on wildlife conservation through research, education and the protection of habitat, and promotes ecological sustainability. It was founded in 1999 with the slogan “Together for Humans and Nature” and is a partner organisation of BirdLife International.

The PWLS participates in BirdLife International's Important Bird Areas (IBAs) program. IBAs in Palestine include:

East Jerusalem

Ein Feshkha

Ein Qiniya

Jericho

Nabi Salih

Wadi Gaza Nature Reserve

Wadi Qelt

Umm ar-Rihan

Umm Safa

Nabi Salih
Nabi Salih (Arabic: النبي صالح al-Nabī ṣālḥ; alternatively spelled Nabi Saleh) is a small Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the central West Bank, located 20 kilometers northwest of Ramallah. It had a population of 522 in 2017. In 2010-2016  weekly protest  marches were organized by the villagers  to fight against the occupation of the West Bank. According to data compiled by Mondoweiss,  350 villagers were injured in clashes with Israeli troops during this time.
Achira Eranga
Achira Eranga (born 9 June 1987) is a Sri Lankan first-class cricketer. He made his List A debut for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2007–08 Premier Limited Overs Tournament on 8 December 2007. He made his first-class debut for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in Tier B of the 2007–08 Premier Trophy on 1 February 2008. He made his Twenty20 debut for Sri Lanka Cricket Combined XI in the 2009–10 SLC Super Provincial Twenty20 on 24 February 2010.

Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club (cricket)
The Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club is the governing body for cricket in the Sri Lankan Air Forces. Its representative team, Sri Lanka Air Force cricket team, competes in Sri Lanka's domestic competition, the Premier Trophy.
Łyna, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Łyna [ˈwɨna] is a village in Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north of Nidzica and 40 km (25 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

It is located in the historic region of Masuria.

The village is situated near the source of the Łyna River.

Nidzica County
Nidzica County (Polish: powiat nidzicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Nidzica, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The county covers an area of 960.7 square kilometres (370.9 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 33,955, out of which the population of Nidzica is 14,761 and the rural population is 19,194.
Kodiya (Gir Gadhada)
Kodiya is a village / panchayat located in the Gir Gadhada Taluka of Gir Somnath district in Gujarat, India. Earlier, until August 2013, Kodiya was part of Una Taluka and Junagadh district. The latitude 20.972618 and longitude 70.951495 are the geo-coordinate of the Village Kodiya. Gandhinagar is the state capital of Kodiya village which is located around 375 kilometres away from Kodiya.

According to Census 2011, with the 551 families, the population of this village is 3067. Out of this, 1591 are males and 1476 are females. Most residents are dependent on agriculture.

Gandhinagar
Gandhinagar (Gujarati: gāndhīnagara, pronounced ['ɡaːnd̪ʱinəɡəɾᵊ] ⓘ) is the capital of the state of Gujarat in India. Gandhinagar is located approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Ahmedabad, on the west central point of the industrial corridor between the megacities of Delhi and Mumbai.

Gandhinagar lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River, about 545 kilometres (339 mi) north of Mumbai and 901 kilometres (560 mi) southwest of Delhi. 
The Akshardham temple is located in Gandhinagar. There was a determination to make Gandhinagar a purely Indian enterprise, partly because the state of Gujarat was the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. For this reason, the planning was done by two Indian town planners: Prakash M Apte and H. K. Mewada, who had apprenticed with Le Corbusier in Chandigarh.
Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
The banknotes of the Da-Qing Bank were intended to become the main form of paper money of the Qing dynasty following the bank's establishment in 1905. The Da-Qing Bank had branches throughout China and many of its branches outside of its headquarters in Beijing also issued banknotes.

These banknotes were stipulated to become the only legal tender paper money in China in 1910, but due to the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 the Chinese currency system reverted to its original chaotic state during the early Republican era and the Da-Qing Bank would be reorganized as the Bank of China in 1912, which would continue to produce banknotes in Mainland China until 1942 and its Hong Kong branch is still one of the official note-issuing banks for the banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar today.

Liang (mass)
Liang (simplified Chinese: 两; traditional Chinese: 兩; pinyin: liǎng), or leung in Cantonese, liae in Wenzhounese, liong in Hakka, lian in Shanghainese, also called "Chinese ounce" or "tael", is a traditional Chinese unit for weight measurement. It originated in China before being introduced to neighboring countries in East and Southeast Asia.

Modern standards for the liang include 1/10 jin (50 grams) in mainland China, 37.5 grams in Taiwan, Korea and Thailand,
37.799 grams in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia, and 37.8 grams in Vietnam.

Liang is mostly used in traditional markets, and is a well-known measure for gold, silver and Chinese medicines.
Orthocephalus coriaceus
Orthocephalus coriaceus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Europe including European Russia, Ukraine and the Balkans and North America.

Orthocephalus coriaceus lives on various daisy family plants (Asteraceae) such as Leucanthemum, Tanacetum, Hieracium , Achillea, Centaurea, Artemisia . The bugs suck both on the leaves and stems, as well as on the reproductive organs of the plants. In North America it appears as a horticultural pest introduced from Europe.

European Russia
European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia, encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. The two parts of Russia are divided by the Ural Mountains and Ural river, bisecting the Eurasian supercontinent. European Russia spans roughly 40% of Europe's total landmass, with over 15% of its total population, making Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe. The region is divided into six Federal districts.
Joint Information Operations Warfare Center
The Joint Information Operations Warfare Center (JIOWC) was created by the U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) sometime around 2004 or 2005 at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, with the intent of coordinating and executing U.S. information operations at the strategic level. On September 12, 2011, by executive order, the JIOWC was chartered as a Chairman's Controlled Activity aligned under the Joint Staff. The JIOWC falls directly under the Joint Staff Operations Directorate (J3), but works closely with personnel under the Deputy Director Global Operations, J39 (DDGO).

Lackland Air Force Base
Lackland Air Force Base (IATA: SKF, ICAO: KSKF, FAA LID: SKF) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base located in Bexar County, Texas, United States. The base is under the jurisdiction of the 802d Mission Support Group, Air Education and Training Command (AETC) and an enclave of the city of San Antonio. It is the only site for USAF and United States Space Force enlisted Basic Military Training (BMT).

Lackland AFB is part of Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), an amalgamation of Fort Sam Houston, Randolph AFB and Lackland AFB, which were merged on 1 October 2010. JBSA was established in accordance with congressional legislation implementing the recommendations of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission. The legislation ordered the consolidation of the three facilities which were adjoining, but separate military installations, into a single joint base – one of 12 joint bases formed in the United States as a result of the law.
Rádio Cultura Brasil
Rádio Cultura Brasil is a Brazilian radio station based in São Paulo, featuring a programming dedicated to Música Popular Brasileira (MPB). It broadcasts on 1200 kHz and 77.9 MHz. The station is managed by the Fundação Padre Anchieta, a foundation of the São Paulo State Government that also operates TV Cultura. It has a sister station, Cultura FM, which focuses on jazz and classical music. Its studios are located in the Lapa de Baixo neighborhood, alongside the other media outlets of the Fundação Padre Anchieta. Its AM transmitters are in the Socorro district, on the banks of the Guarapiranga Reservoir, and its FM transmitter is installed on the Torre Cultura, located in the Sumaré neighborhood.

Socorro (district of São Paulo)
Socorro (Portuguese for "Help" or "Aid") is a district in southern São Paulo, Brazil. Originally part of the Santo Amaro district, it is now part of the subprefecture of Capela do Socorro. Both the Guarapiranga and Billings Reservoirs are located in the district, making it a popular location for the practice of nautical sports. Between the two reservoirs lies the Autódromo Interlagos, which hosts the Brazilian Grand Prix and Formula One races.
Euhemerus
Euhemerus (/juːˈhiːmərəs, -hɛm-/; also spelled Euemeros or Evemerus; Ancient Greek: Εὐήμερος Euhēmeros, "happy; prosperous"; late fourth century BC) was a Greek mythographer at the court of Cassander, the king of Macedon. Euhemerus' birthplace is disputed, with Messina in Sicily as the most probable location, while others suggest Chios or Tegea.

The philosophy attributed to and named for Euhemerus, euhemerism, holds that many mythological tales can be attributed to historical persons and events, the accounts of which have become altered and exaggerated over time.

Euhemerus's work combined elements of fiction and political utopianism. Early Christian writers, such as Lactantius, used Euhemerus's belief that the ancient gods were originally human to confirm their inferiority regarding the Christian God.

Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Διόδωρος, romanized: Diódōros; fl. 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian from Sicily. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. 
The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.
Yury Yemelyanov
Yury Vasilyevich Yemelyanov (Russian: Юрий Васильевич Емельянов; 16 June 1937 – 16 January 2026) was a Soviet-Russian historian and author, who was a Candidate of History Sciences (1979). He was a laureate of the International Sholokhov Prize (2003).

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.
Edge of Heaven (2 Unlimited song)
"Edge of Heaven" is a song recorded by Belgian/Dutch Eurodance band 2 Unlimited. It was released in June 1998 as the second single to feature Romy van Ooijen and Marjon van Iwaarden as the lead vocalists. It is taken from 2 Unlimited's fourth studio album, II. The release scored chart success notably peaking at #7 in Belgium, #8 in Spain and #34 on the Eurochart Hot 100.

The single was due to be released in the UK in August 1998, but its release was cancelled.

Eurodance
Eurodance (sometimes referred to as Euro-NRG) is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the late 1980s in Europe. It combines many elements of rap, techno and Eurodisco. This genre of music is heavily influenced by the use of rich vocals, sometimes with rapped verses. This, combined with cutting-edge synthesizers, strong bass rhythm and melodic hooks, establishes the core foundation of Eurodance music.
Luminescence
Luminescence can be simply defined as any emission of visible electromagnetic radiation (light) not ascribable directly to incandescence. Incandescence emerges at high temperatures due to thermal radiation; in contrast, because luminescence is often independent of temperature, it is sometimes termed cold light. However, some kinds of luminescence (e.g., candoluminescence, pyroluminescence, thermoluminescence) are associated with or require elevated temperatures. Notably, luminescence is exhibited by primary light sources (which emit light) rather than by secondary light sources (which reflect or transmit light).

Luminescence has also been defined to include all optical radiation, rather than being limited to visible radiation. In addition, it has been defined as a spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment.

Optical radiation
Optical radiation is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 100 nm and 1 mm. This range includes visible light, infrared light, and part of the ultraviolet spectrum. Optical radiation is non-ionizing, and can be focused with lenses and manipulated by other optical elements. Optics is the study of how to manipulate optical radiation.
Alkanesulfonate monooxygenase
In enzymology, an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an alkanesulfonate (R-CH2-SO3H) + FMNH2 + O2  an aldehyde (R-CHO) + FMN + sulfite + H2O

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are alkanesulfonate (R-CH2-SO3H), FMNH2, and O2, whereas its 4 products are aldehyde, FMN, sulfite, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is alkanesulfonate, reduced-FMN:oxygen oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include SsuD, and sulfate starvation-induced protein 6.

Sulfite
Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (systematic name: sulfate(IV) ion), SO2−3. The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid (sulfurous acid) is elusive, its salts are widely used.

Sulfites are substances that naturally occur in some foods and the human body. They are also used as regulated food additives. When in food or drink, sulfites are often lumped together with sulfur dioxide.
USRC Dexter (1874)
USRC Dexter was a Dexter-class cutter of the United States Revenue Cutter Service in commission from 1874 to 1908. She was the second ship of the Revenue Cutter Service to bear the name.  The other Dexter-class cutters, all commissioned in 1874, were Dallas and Rush. Dexter was built by the Atlantic Works Company at Boston, Massachusetts. Captain John A. Henriques accepted her for service on 6 June 1874, and she was commissioned into the Revenue Cutter Service on 18 June 1874. Her role in the rescue of passengers from the sinking SS City of Columbus under winter gale winds brought her nationwide popular acclaim.

United States Revenue Cutter Service
The United States Revenue Cutter Service was established by an Act of Congress (1 Stat. 175) on 4 August 1790 as the Revenue-Marine at the recommendation of the nation's first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton.

The federal government body was initially created to serve as an armed customs enforcement service. Over time, however, the service gradually gained missions either voluntarily or by legislation, including those of a military nature. It was generally referred to as the Revenue-Marine until 31 July 1894, when it was officially renamed the Revenue Cutter Service. The Revenue Cutter Service operated under the authority of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. On 28 January 1915, the service was merged by an act of Congress with the United States Life-Saving Service to form the United States Coast Guard.
Sancho Panza the Musical
Sancho Panza the Musical (originally titled Sancho Panza el Musical in Spanish) is a two-act musical that premiered in Madrid in 2005, coinciding with the 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote. by Miguel de Cervantes. The play is humorous take on the social landscape of the 16th and 17th centuries, including the era's customs, beliefs, professions, and trades, that updates the original story by displaying it in the looks and forms of the 21st century.

The play debuted at the Teatro Nuevo Apolo with music and original lyrics created by José Luis Narom. Narom collaborated with his wife, lyricist and costume designer Inma González (image designer and production manager on "The Blackout"). Narom created the play's music in the style of Broadway musicals, with full orchestrations.

The musical was included in the book Don Quixote literary theoretical thinking, as well as in the Guide to Musical Theater in Spain (1955–2012). edited by Xavier Martínez and Íñigo Santamaría.

Teatro Nuevo Apolo
Teatro Nuevo Apolo ("New Apolo Theatre"; al, Teatro Progreso and Cine Progreso) is an entertainment venue in Madrid, Spain.  It is located in the Plaza de Tirso de Molina. The owners of the Teatro Apolo that existed on calle de Alcalá until its closure in 1929 decided to build a new venue, initially named Teatro Progreso, in the Plaza del Progreso (now Plaza de Tirso de Molina). The theatre opened on December 10, 1932 with the zarzuela, La verbena de la Paloma. It was converted to a film venue, the Cine Progreso, before its rededication to theatrical exhibitions and music entertainment of various genres, as well as dance and comedy.
Capsella grandiflora
Capsella grandiflora is a species of flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family. It is referred to by the common name grand shepherd's-purse and is a close relative of Arabidopsis thaliana. It is predicted together with C. orientalis to be the surviving progenitor of C. bursa-pastoris.

The main signature of this plant compared to other Capsella species is its wide flower petals. Together with C. rubella, the species is used as a model plant to study the evolution of self-incompatibility into self-compatibility in plant reproduction.

Plant reproduction
Plants may reproduce sexually or asexually. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from either parent. Vegetative reproduction produces new individuals without the fusion of gametes, resulting in clonal plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant and each other, unless mutations occur. In asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved.
Arna Magnea Danks
Arna Magnea Danks is an Icelandic actress, fight/stunt director and teacher. She received wide recognition for her lead performance as Birna in the 2024 feature film Odd Fish (Ljósvíkingar), which earned her the festival’s Best Performance in a Lead Role at the 2025 KASHISH Pride Film Festival in India; the film also won Best Narrative Feature. She is also known in Iceland for her work as a stage combat teacher and fight/stunt director and for her public advocacy on LGBTQIA+ issues.

Stage combat
Stage combat, fight craft  or fight choreography is a specialised technique in theatre designed to create the illusion of physical combat without causing harm to the performers. It is employed in live stage plays as well as operatic and ballet productions. With the advent of cinema and television the term has widened to also include the choreography of filmed fighting sequences, as opposed to the earlier live performances on stage. It is closely related to the practice of stunts and is a common field of study for actors. Actors famous for their stage fighting skills frequently have backgrounds in dance, gymnastics or martial arts training.
Logie Award for Most Outstanding Children's Program
The Silver Logie for Most Outstanding Children's Program is an award presented annually at the Australian TV Week Logie Awards. It was first awarded at the 42nd Annual TV Week Logie Awards in 2000, and is given to honour an outstanding Australian children's television program. The winner and nominees of this award are chosen by television industry juries. Hi-5, Round the Twist, My Place, Dance Academy, Nowhere Boys and Bluey hold the record for the most wins, with two each.

My Place (TV series)
My Place is an Australian children's television drama series based on the award-winning picture book of the same name by Nadia Wheatley and Donna Rawlins. The series first screened on ABC3 on weeknights at 8pm from 4 December 2009 and aired in the United States on Vibrant TV Network.

My Place is produced by Penny Chapman and directed by Jessica Hobbs, Samantha Lang, Catriona McKenzie, Michael James Rowland and Shawn Seet. The series was accompanied by an interactive website for children that allowed them to explore the house that is the series' main setting. It won the 2010 Logie Award for Best Children's Program.

On 23 March 2010 Screen Australia announced they approved funding for a second series which would focus on the lives of children and their families from the time period of 1878 to before the White Settlement. The first of thirteen episodes aired on 26 June 2011.