hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1859 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1859.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Ahmed al-Gaddafi al-Qahsi
Ahmed al-Gaddafi al-Qahsi (Arabic: أحمد القذافي; 15 July 1970 – 26 July 2011) was the cousin of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. On 16 April 2006, he married Gaddafi's daughter Ayesha. According to the Gaddafi family, Qahsi, who was a colonel in the Libyan Army, was killed by a French airstrike on the Gaddafi compound on 26 July 2011 during the Libyan Civil War. The couple had three children before the conflict started, one of whom was killed along with one of Ayesha's brothers in a NATO airstrike and another killed along with her husband in the bombing of Gaddafi's compound. Their fourth child, a girl, was born in Algeria as Ayesha fled there with her brothers Hannibal and Muhammad after the Battle of Tripoli in 2011.

Bab al-Azizia
Bab al-Azizia (Arabic: باب العزيزية, romanized: Bāb al ‘Azīzīyah, Libyan pronunciation: [bæːb əl ʕæziːˈzijjæ], lit. 'The Splendid Gate') was a military barracks and compound situated in the southern suburbs of Tripoli, the capital of Libya. It served as the main base for the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi until its capture by anti-Gaddafi forces on 23 August 2011, during the Battle of Tripoli in the Libyan Civil War.

The 6-square-kilometre (2.3 sq mi) base is strategically located south of Tripoli city center at the northern end of Airport Highway, allowing easy access to government assets within the city as well as direct high-speed road access to Tripoli International Airport.

After the Libyan Civil War, the compound was partially demolished. Some parts of it remain today, albeit in disrepair. The plan, however, is to eventually demolish the entire compound and turn it into a park to be “enjoyed by people of Tripoli and guests”.
Suorat
Suorat (Yakut: суорат, suorat) is a thick, Sakha yogurt which was traditionally the most common summer food in Sakha. By itself, it tastes of buttermilk, but various foraged products such as bilberries, sapwood, and roots were also added, in addition to bones which dissolved from the lactic acid. Suorat was traditionally kept in large birchbark vats, and was also stored in frozen slabs for winter consumption. It is made from the skim milk of cows after separating the crème fraîche.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Lustre prints
Lustre print is a photograph or artwork with a finish between glossy and matte. Some companies use the term semi-glossy. Lustre photo prints are a hybrid of glossy photo prints and matte photo prints. Lustre photo prints have rich colour saturation that gives a vibrant colour finish and, like matte photo prints, they are not vulnerable to fingerprints, whereas glossy photo prints are prone to fingerprints.

Gloss (optics)
Gloss is an optical property which indicates how well a surface reflects light in a specular (mirror-like) direction. It is one of the important parameters that are used to describe the visual appearance of an object. Other categories of visual appearance related to the perception of regular or diffuse reflection and transmission of light have been organized under the concept of cesia in an order system with three variables, including gloss among the involved aspects. The factors that affect gloss are the refractive index of the material, the angle of incident light and the surface texture.

Apparent gloss depends on the amount of specular reflection – light reflected from the surface in an equal amount and the symmetrical angle to the one of incoming light – in comparison with diffuse reflection – the amount of light scattered into other directions.
Byans Rural Municipality
Byas (Nepali: व्याँस, romanized: Vyans, also spelt Vyas, Vyans and Byans) is a rural municipality located in Darchula District of Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal.

The total area of the rural municipality is 839.26 square kilometres (324.04 sq mi) and the total population of the rural municipality as of 2011 Nepal census is 10,347 individuals. The rural municipality is divided into total 6 wards.

Byas (Nepali: व्याँस) is derived from Vyasa (Sanskrit: व्यास), the one who classified the Vedas. It is said that the Great Sage Vyasa meditated at this place, giving the region its name.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
John Betjeman Goes by Train
John Betjeman Goes By Train is a 1962 short documentary film directed by Malcolm Freegard and made by British Transport Films and BBC East Anglia. The 10-minute-long film features future poet laureate John Betjeman as he takes a memorable journey by train from King's Lynn railway station to Hunstanton railway station in Norfolk, pointing out various sights and stopping off at Wolferton station on the Sandringham Estate and Snettisham station, where he extols the virtues of rural branchline stations. An early example of a Betjeman travelogue film, a similar idea was later used for his 1973 documentary Metro-land.

John Betjeman
Sir John Betjeman CBE (/ˈbɛtʃəmən/; 28 August 1906 – 19 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster. He was Poet Laureate from 1972 until his death. He was a founding member of The Victorian Society and first president of The Hackney Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture, helping to save St Pancras railway station from demolition. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television.
Levan Shengelia
Levan Shengelia  (Order of Honor) (Georgian: ლევან შენგელია; born 27 October 1995) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Greek Super League club OFI and the Georgia national team.

Order of Honor (Georgia)
The Order of Honor (Georgian: ღირსების ორდენი, romanized: ghirsebis ordeni) is an honor awarded by the President of Georgia. Established in 1992, The Order of Honor is awarded to a person in the construction of the state of Georgia - in the development of governance, defense, law and order, economy, health, culture, education, science, art or literature - for outstanding contribution, sporting achievement, heroism and devotion.
Elio Motors
Elio Motors was a company founded by Paul Elio in 2009, to design and manufacture a three-wheeled, enclosed autocycle. Elio collected deposits from customers of more than US$28 million during 2013–2018, then went silent for three years before filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission in September 2021 that there was "substantial doubt about its ability to stay afloat."

Since 2009 concept, the company illustrated and repeatedly delayed a release date for its original gasoline-powered vehicle, and pivoted to an electric-powered concept in 2021.

As early as 2015, The New York Times noted Elio Motors was selling "spots on the waiting list — and, more broadly, a dream." Elio was fined $7.5 million for failing to create promised jobs in Louisiana — and as of May 2022 had not neared production. By 2024, the company website became inactive.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
Stelis brenneri
Stelis brenneri is a species of orchid described by Carlyle A. Luer and named for Joe Brenner, formerly of Puyo, Ecuador, who collected this species. Originally described as Pleurothallis brenneri, this species is common in several areas of southeastern Ecuador in relatively dry scrub forest at high altitudes.

Puyo, Pastaza
Puyo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuʝo]), also known as El Puyo, is the capital of Pastaza, a province in Ecuador. Puyo is located at an altitude of approximately 950 metres above sea level by the Puyo River, a tributary of the Pastaza River, which eventually leads into the Amazon River. True to its name, derived from the Kichwa word for "cloudy", the local climate is a wet one and the weather is often overcast.

Puyo was founded in 1899. Located between Baños, and the Amazonian cities of Tena and Macas, Puyo is the commercial, cultural and political capital of the region. In late 2006, the city had approximately 25,000 inhabitants. It was the fastest growing city in Ecuador in 2006. The seasonal changes in the climate are relatively small, and daytime temperature typically range between 18 and 24 °C, with sun and generally short, but heavy periods of rain daily.
2015–16 Southern Miss Lady Eagles basketball team
The 2015–16 Southern Miss Lady Eagles basketball team represented the University of Southern Mississippi during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Lady Eagles, led by twelfth-year head coach Joye Lee-McNelis, played their home games at Reed Green Coliseum in Hattiesburg, Mississippi and were members of Conference USA (C-USA). They finished the season 14–16, 7–11 in C-USA play, to finish in a three-way tie for eighth place. They lost in the first round of the C-USA women's tournament to UAB.

2016 Conference USA women's basketball tournament
The 2016 Conference USA women's basketball tournament was a postseason women's basketball tournament for Conference USA was held March 8–12 in Birmingham, Alabama. The first two rounds took place at Bartow Arena while the semifinals and championship were held at Legacy Arena. Middle Tennessee won their second C-USA title and earn an automatic trip to the NCAA women's tournament.
Sancton (surname)
Sancton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Thomas Sancton Sr. (1915–2012), American novelist and journalist, father of Tom

Tom Sancton (born 1949), American writer, jazz clarinetist, and educator

Tom Sancton
Thomas Alexander Sancton is an American writer, jazz clarinetist and educator. From 1992 to 2001 he was Paris bureau chief for TIME Magazine, where he worked for 22 years, and he has contributed to numerous publications including Vanity Fair, Fortune, Newsweek and the Wall Street Journal. His acclaimed memoir, Song for My Fathers: a New Orleans Story in Black and White (2006), recounts his early life among traditional jazzmen in his native New Orleans.  He taught journalism at the American University of Paris from 2002 to 2004. In 2007 he was named Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities at Tulane University, where he taught creative writing until 2011. He is currently a Research Professor at Tulane.
Jorge Donn
Jorge Donn (Spanish: Jorge Raúl Itovich Donn; 25 February 1947 in Ciudad Jardin, Buenos Aires – 30 November 1992 in Lausanne, Switzerland), was an Argentine internationally known ballet dancer. He was best known for his work with Maurice Béjart's Ballet of the 20th Century. He died of AIDS on 30 November 1992 in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Ballet of the 20th Century
Ballet of the 20th Century (French: Ballet du XXme Siècle), was a ballet and contemporary dance company in Brussels, Belgium in 1960, by the French/Swiss choreographer Maurice Béjart. For many years it was the official dance company of the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie.

The company was known for including South and East Asian elements in its performances.
Aleko Elisashvili
Aleksandre (Aleko) Elisashvili (born 17 January 1978) is a Georgian politician who served in the Parliament of Georgia from 2020 to 2024.

Elisashvili started his political career as an activist within a civic preservation group. He was an independent member of the Tbilisi City Assembly until 2017, when he was an independent candidate in the Tbilisi Mayoral Elections. He took second place with 69,803 votes (17.4%). In 2020, he founded the "Aleko Elisashvili – Citizens" party.

In 2022, responding to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he volunteered for the International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine.

On 15 April 2024, during the 2023–2024 Georgian protests, he punched the parliamentary majority leader Mamuka Mdinaradze during a parliamentary session about a 'foreign agents' bill which was opposed by opposition parties and the European Union.

Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს პარლამენტი, romanized: sakartvelos p'arlament'i) is the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members elected through fully proportional election. The current convocation of the Georgian Parliament is 11th.

All members of the Parliament are elected for four years on the basis of universal suffrage. The Constitution of Georgia grants the Parliament of Georgia a legislative power, which is partially devolved to the legislatures of the autonomous republics of Adjara and Abkhazia.
Teddy Harvia
David Thayer, better known by the pen name Teddy Harvia (an anagram), is an American science fiction fan artist. He was born in Oklahoma but grew up in and resides in Dallas, Texas.

As of 2010, Teddy Harvia has won the Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist four times, and has been nominated an additional sixteen times for the award. For his service to Southern science fiction fandom, Harvia was presented the Rebel Award by the Southern Fandom Confederation in 1997 at that year's DeepSouthCon.

Thayer was chair of the bid to host the Worldcon in Cancún, Mexico, in 2003. (The bid lost to Torcon III and the 61st World Science Fiction Convention was held in Toronto.)

Anagram
An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. For example, the word anagram itself can be rearranged into the phrase "nag a ram"; which is an Easter egg suggestion in Google after searching for the word "anagram".

The original word or phrase is known as the subject of the anagram. Any word or phrase that exactly reproduces the letters in another order is an anagram. Someone who creates anagrams may be called an "anagrammatist", and the goal of a serious or skilled anagrammatist is to produce anagrams that reflect or comment on their subject.
Thomas Corning
Thomas Edgar Corning, KC (April 11, 1842 – August 9, 1912) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Yarmouth County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Conservative member from 1882 to 1886.

He was born in Chegoggin, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, the son of Nelson Corning and Sarah Murphy, and was educated at Acadia College. He was called to the bar in 1869. In 1880, Corning married Jane Alden Baxter. He was named a Queen's Counsel in 1890. He served as treasurer and solicitor for Yarmouth from 1874 to 1890. From 1890 until 1912, he was recorder for the town of Yarmouth. Corning ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in 1900, 1902 and 1904. He died in Yarmouth at the age of 70.

Yarmouth County
Yarmouth County is a rural county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It has both traditional Anglo-Scottish and Acadian French culture as well as significant inland wilderness areas, including over 365 lakes and several major rivers. It comprises three municipalities: the Town of Yarmouth, the Municipality of the District of Yarmouth, and the Municipality of the District of Argyle.
Liu Tong
Liu Tong (Chinese: 刘侗; Wade–Giles: Liu T'ung, c. 1593–1637) was a Chinese politician and writer from Macheng in Huanggang. He was a figure in the Ming Dynasty's Jingling school (竟陵派) of Chinese prose literature in contrast to the Gongan school (公安派) and the well known Yuan Hongdao and his brothers. He is credited with the Dijing Jingwulue.

His Dijing Jingwulue (帝京景物略), or Resume of Sights and Goods of the Imperial Capital is thought to have been a travel guide to the historical and geographical attractions of Beijing. The work mentions the Catholic cathedral and the tomb of the Jesuit Matteo Ricci. Its anecdotes and unusual details make it an invaluable study of Beijing in the early 17th century. In 1630, Liu became a member of the National University and passed his Jinshi examination in 1634. He became a magistrate of Suzhou, but died en route in 1637.

Yuan Hongdao
Yuan Hongdao (Chinese: 袁宏道; pinyin: Yuán Hóngdào; Wade–Giles: Yüan Hung-tao, style name Zhonglang, 1568–1610) was a scholar-official and one of the greatest Chinese poets and littérateurs of the Ming Dynasty. He is also a well known author on Pure Land Buddhism.

Yuan Hongdao is one of the Three Yuan Brothers, along with his brothers Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Zhongdao. All were known for their literary writings influenced by Buddhism and Neo-Confucian Yangmingism. In Chinese Buddhism, Yuan is most famous for his Comprehensive Treatise on the West [Pure Land] (Xīfāng hélùn), an influential ten-fascicle work on Pure Land Buddhism.
Wera, New South Wales
Wera Parish (Oxley County), New South Wales is a rural locality of Bogan Shire and a civil parish of Oxley County, New South Wales, a Cadastral divisions of New South Wales.

The parish is on the Bogan River south of Nyngan.

The topography is flat with a Köppen climate classification of BsK (Hot semi arid).

The economy in the parish is based on broad acre agriculture, based on Wheat, sheep and cattle.

The traditional owners of the area are the Wiradjuri people.

Bogan River
Bogan River, a perennial river that is part of the Macquarie–Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the central west and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia.

From its origin near Parkes, the Bogan River flows for about 617 kilometres (383 mi) in length and flows into the Barwon River between Brewarrina and Bourke.

The name Bogan is supposedly an Australian Aboriginal (Wiradjuri or Ngiyambaa) term meaning 'the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe'; this may be in reference to the Wiradjuri people of the Bulgandramine Aboriginal Mission, whose word for "leader" is “Balgabalgar”. The word is also a Gaelic term meaning bog.
Sky Knight Helicopter Program
The Sky Knight Helicopter Program is an airborne law enforcement program in Lakewood, California which began service in 1966. The unit operates using non-sworn pilots, employed by the city of Lakewood, partnered with a sworn deputy sheriff from the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Lakewood station using two Robinson R44 helicopters based at Long Beach Airport, and flies about 1,040 hours per year.

Long Beach Airport
Long Beach Airport (IATA: LGB, ICAO: KLGB, FAA LID: LGB) is a public airport 3 mi (4.8 km) northeast of downtown Long Beach, in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is also called Daugherty Field, named after local aviator Earl Daugherty. The airport was an operating base for JetBlue, but this ended on October 6, 2020, as the carrier moved its operating base to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), amidst the then-ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, Southwest Airlines became the airport's largest airline.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 1,413,251 passenger boardings in calendar year 2008, 1,401,903 in 2009 and 1,451,404 in 2010.
2018–19 NBB season
The 2018–19 Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB) season is the 11th season of this top-tier level Brazilian professional basketball league. This tournament is organized by the Liga Nacional de Basquete (LNB). The NBB will also qualify teams for international tournaments such as the FIBA South American League (LSB) and FIBA Americas League.

In this season, fourteen teams will play during the regular season. At the end of the season's home and away games, the top four league teams qualify for the quarterfinal playoffs, while the teams finishing in the 5th through 12th places will participate in playoffs to determine the other four teams in the quarterfinals. The quarterfinals are played in a best out of five series since the NBB 2015–16 season.

For this season, the last regular season placed team is relegated to the 2020 Liga Ouro, the NBB's second tier division. Also, only the 2019 Liga Ouro winner receives the right to play in the NBB 2019–20 season.

Novo Basquete Brasil
Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB; English: New Basketball Brazil) is the Brazilian premier professional men's basketball league. It is organized by the Liga Nacional de Basquete (LNB; English: National Basketball League), in a new format of Brazil's previous top-tier level basketball competition, the Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete (Brazilian Basketball Championship). The NBB is managed by the Brazilian basketball associations, which were founding members of the LNB.