hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brownspotted grouper
The brownspotted grouper (Epinephelus chlorostigma), also known as the brown spotted reef cod, brown-spotted rockcod, coral grouper or honeycomb cod,  is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It has an Indo-Pacific distribution but in the northern Indian Ocean this distribution is discontinuous. It forms part of a species complex with two closely related species in the genus Epinephelus.

Serranidae
Serranidae is a family of marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The family used to contain about 450 species in 65 genera, including some of the sea basses and groupers, but taxonomic revisions split out Epinephelinae (groupers), Grammistini (soapfish),  and Anthiadinae (anthias); as a consequence, this family is now much less speciose. Representatives of this group live in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide.
Veterans Day (Norway)
Veterans Day (Norwegian: Veterandagen) in Norway on May 8 was first observed in 2011. It recognizes the efforts of veterans of World War II, United Nations peacekeeping initiatives and other international operations.

It was instituted in 2010 by Norway's Cabinet and falls on Victory in Europe Day, May 8. The choice of day has been criticized by Bjørnar Moxnes, leader of political party Rødt, saying one must differentiate between a defensive fight against an occupation force and offensive military operations outside Norway.  The Norges Forsvarsforening (NFF), Norwegian Defence Association, wants a debate about the "form and content" of the day.

Bjørnar Moxnes
Bjørnar Moxnes (born 19 December 1981) is a Norwegian politician and activist representing the left-wing political party, the Red Party in the Storting. Moxnes opposes the European Union, characterizing Norway's participation in the EEA as undemocratic. Moxnes describes himself as a socialist. He served as the leader of the Red Party from 2012 to 2023, when he resigned in the wake of stealing a pair of sunglasses from a shop at Oslo Airport Gardermoen. Moxnes had previously served as the party's deputy leader from 2010 to 2012.
Riasti dialect
Riasti is a term used for a group of Lahnda varieties spoken in the Cholistan Desert along the banks of the river Sutlej in the southern Punjab, Pakistan. Its definition is imprecise, and is usually taken to refer to the central (Multani) and southern dialects of Saraiki language which were spoken in the former riasat (transl. state) of Bahawalpur, in what are now the Bahawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan districts, respectively. The southern dialect, also known as Bahawalpuri, is spoken in the southern parts of Dera Ghazi Khan (present Rajanpur) as well.

Bahawalpur (princely state)
State of Bahawalpur was a state in the Punjab region of South Asia that existed as a sovereign polity from 1748 to 1833 and as a princely state, under subsidiary alliance with British India and later Dominion of Pakistan, from 1833 to 1955. It was a part of the Punjab States Agency; and covered an area of 45,911 km2 (17,726 sq mi) with a population of 1,341,209 in 1941. The capital of the state was the town of Bahawalpur.

The state was founded in 1748 by Nawab Bahawal Khan Abbasi. On 22 February 1833, Abbasi III entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British, by which Bahawalpur was admitted as a princely state. When British rule ended in 1947 and British Raj was partitioned into India and Pakistan, Bahawalpur joined the Dominion of Pakistan. Bahawalpur remained an autonomous entity until 14 October 1955, when it was merged with the province of West Pakistan.
Almendras
Almendras is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Alejandro Almendras (1919–1995), Filipino politician

Alejandro Fernández Almendras (born 1971), Chilean filmmaker

Nico Almendras (born 1999), Filipino volleyball player

Rene Almendras (born 1960), FIlipino businessman

Nico Almendras
Angelo Nicolas "Nico" Almendras (born July 27, 1999) is a Filipino volleyball player. He  played as an outside hitter for the NU Bulldogs in the UAAP. He is currently playing for the Criss Cross King Crunchers in the Spikers' Turf.
Sendagawa Kichizō
Sendagawa Kichizō (Japanese: 千田川 吉藏; born Kumakichi Mera (目良 熊吉, Mera Kumakichi), 1793 – January 8, 1828) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Muro District, Kii Province (now Tanabe, Wakayama Prefecture). His highest rank was ōzeki. As of March 1815 he is the only wrestler from Wakayama Prefecture to have been promoted to sumo's second highest rank.

Kii Province
Kii Province (紀伊国, Kii no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜ.i (no kɯ.ɲi), kʲiꜜː-]), or Kishū (紀州, [kʲi̥.ɕɯꜜː, kʲi̥ꜜ.ɕɯː]), was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is today Wakayama Prefecture, as well as the southern part of Mie Prefecture. Kii bordered Ise, Izumi, Kawachi, Shima, and Yamato Provinces. The Kii Peninsula takes its name from this province.

During the Edo period, the Kii branch of the Tokugawa clan had its castle at Wakayama. Its former ichinomiya shrine was Hinokuma Shrine.

The Japanese bookshop chain Kinokuniya derives its name from the province.
Maguindanao's 2nd congressional district
Maguindanao's 2nd congressional district was one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of undivided Maguindanao. It was represented in the House of Representatives from 1987–2022. The district covered 25 interior municipalities of eastern Maguindanao bordering the provinces of Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat, including its capital Buluan. From 2006 to 2008, the district was briefly replaced by the lone district of Maguindanao after a new province was carved out of the 1st district known as Shariff Kabunsuan which was eventually nullified by the Supreme Court. It was last represented in the 19th Congress by Mohamad P. Paglas of the Nacionalista Party (NP), who was later redistricted to the at-large district of the newly-established province of Maguindanao del Sur.

Maguindanao del Sur
Maguindanao del Sur, officially the Province of Maguindanao del Sur (Maguindanaon: Dairat nu Salatan Magindanaw, Jawi: دايرت نو سلاتان مڬیندانو, Filipino: Timog Maguindanao), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro region in Mindanao. Its capital is the municipality of Buluan near the city of Tacurong in the neighboring province of Sultan Kudarat. It borders Cotabato province to the east, Maguindanao del Norte to the west, and Sultan Kudarat to the south.
Vicario Portillo Martínez
Vicario Portillo Martínez (born 6 November 1960) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). 
In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the fifth district of Guerrero during the 62nd Congress.

Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
S-777,469
S-777,469 is a drug developed by Shionogi which is a cannabinoid receptor agonist, with 128x selectivity for the CB2 subtype, having a CB2 affinity of 36nM, and a CB1 affinity over 4600nM.

In animal studies it showed antipruritic effects, and passed Phase II human trials for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but development was ultimately not continued further.

Animal studies
Animal studies is a recently recognised field in which animals are studied in a variety of cross-disciplinary ways. Scholars who engage in animal studies may be formally trained in a number of diverse fields, including art history, anthropology, biology, film studies, geography, history, psychology, literary studies, museology, philosophy, communication, and sociology. They engage with questions about notions of "animality," "animalization," or "becoming animal," to understand human-made representations of and cultural ideas about "the animal" and what it is to be human by employing various theoretical perspectives. Using these perspectives, those who engage in animal studies seek to understand both human-animal relations now and in the past as defined by our knowledge of them. Because the field is still developing, scholars and others have some freedom to define their own criteria about what issues may structure the field.
Alogabat
Alogabat (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name; developmental code names RG-7816 and RO7017773) is an α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator which is under development for the treatment of pervasive developmental disorders (e.g., autism) and Angelman syndrome. It is taken by mouth.

As of June 2024, alogabat is in phase 2 clinical trials for pervasive developmental disorders and Angelman syndrome. It is under development by Roche.

Angelman syndrome
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 15,000 individuals. AS impairs the function of the nervous system, producing symptoms such as severe intellectual disability, developmental disability, limited to no functional speech, balance and movement problems, seizures, hyperactivity, and sleep problems. Physical symptoms include a small head and a specific facial appearance. Additionally, those affected usually have a happy personality and have a particular interest in water. Angelman syndrome involves genes that have also been linked to 1–2% of autism spectrum disorder cases.
Teresa (2023 film)
Teresa is a 2023 drama film directed by Paula Ortiz based on the play La lengua en pedazos by Juan Mayorga starring Blanca Portillo and Greta Fernández as the title character opposite to Asier Etxeandia, the Inquisitor.

Blanca Portillo
Blanca Portillo Martínez de Velasco (born 15 June 1963) is a Spanish film, television, and stage actress. She has also worked as theatre director and producer. She made her feature film debut in Entre rojas (1995). She became popular for her portrayal of Carlota in sitcom television series Siete vidas. Portillo is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Goya Award for Best Actress.
Steiner-Parker Synthacon
The Steiner-Parker Synthacon is a monophonic analog synthesizer that was built between 1975 and 1979 by Steiner-Parker, a Salt Lake City-based synthesizer manufacturer. It was introduced as a competitor to other analog synthesizers, like the Minimoog and ARP Odyssey.

The Synthacon includes three voltage-controlled oscillators, a two-pole resonant Sallen Key filter, two attack, decay, sustain and release envelope generators, a pink and white noise generator, and a 49-key keyboard. While the Synthacon was not a modular system, signal routing could be achieved through a series of switches. Although Steiner-Parker only sold a few hundred units, the filter of the Synthacon is still in use in modern modular synthesizers and Arturia's Minibrute and Polybrute series of analog keyboard synthesizers.

Sallen–Key topology
The Sallen–Key topology is an electronic filter topology used to implement second-order active filters that is particularly valued for its simplicity. It is a degenerate form of a voltage-controlled voltage-source (VCVS) filter topology.  It was introduced by R. P. Sallen and E. L. Key of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1955.
Kyle Falconer
Kyle Francis Falconer (born 6 June 1987) is a Scottish musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lead vocalist of The View. Along with the other band members, Falconer hails from the Dryburgh district of Dundee. He shares songwriting responsibilities with bass guitarist Kieren Webster.

In July 2018, Falconer released his debut solo album titled No Thank You independently. The record reached number 1 on the Record Store Chart in the week of the release and achieved a top 40 position in the UK Album Chart. The No Thank You tour commenced in August 2018, and saw Falconer play in venues across the UK with sold out shows in Glasgow, Aberdeen, Prestwick, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Falkirk, Inverness and his hometown of Dundee.

Dryburgh, Dundee
Dryburgh is a residential district of Dundee, Scotland, located in the western part of the city. The area primarily consists of housing estates and local amenities, with strong community ties and a notable presence in Dundee’s football and music scenes.
Lepidochrysops southeyae
Lepidochrysops southeyae, the Southey's blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, where it is found in Nama Karoo in the East Cape.

The wingspan is 27–30 mm for males and 28–32 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to March. There are several generations per year, depending on rains.

Nama Karoo
Nama Karoo is a xeric shrubland ecoregion located on the central plateau of South Africa and Namibia. It occupies most of the interior of the western half of South Africa and extends into the southern interior of Namibia.
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management
The assistant secretary of the treasury for management, chief financial officer, and chief performance officer (ASM/CFO/CPO) is the principal policy advisor to the secretary and deputy secretary on the development and execution of the budget for the Department of the Treasury and the internal management of the department and its bureaus. The ASM/CFO/CPO also oversees department-wide management programs including human resources, information and technology management, financial management and accounting, strategic planning, performance budgeting/metrics, acquisition/procurement, training, human capital and workforce management, equal employment opportunity (EEO), environmental health and safety, emergency preparedness, small business programs, and administrative services for Treasury's headquarters, the departmental offices.

Human capital
Human capital or human assets is a concept used by economists to designate personal attributes considered useful in the production process. It encompasses employee knowledge, skills, know-how, good health, and education. Human capital has a substantial impact on individual earnings. Research indicates that investments in human capital generate high economic returns throughout childhood and young adulthood.

Companies can invest in human capital; for example, through education and training, improving levels of quality and production.
Abortion Under Apartheid
Abortion under Apartheid: Nationalism, Sexuality, and Women's Reproductive Rights in South Africa is a 2015 monograph by historian, author, and academic Susanne M. Klausen. The book explores the politics of abortion in South Africa during the apartheid era (1948–1994), revealing the criminalization of abortion and the flourishing clandestine abortion industry. Klausen discusses the authoritarian government's attempt to regulate white women's reproductive sexuality to maintain white supremacy. The book highlights the 1960s-1970s battle for abortion rights, involving doctors and feminists calling for legal reform, and emphasizes the disproportionate, harmful impact on Black girls and women lacking access to safe abortions. The author portrays the resilience of women, both tragic and triumphant, in shaping their reproductive destinies amid societal opposition.

Abortion-rights movement
Abortion-rights movements, also self-styled as pro-choice movements, are movements that advocate for legal access to induced abortion services, including elective abortion. They seek to represent and support women who wish to terminate their pregnancy without fear of legal or social backlash.  These movements are in direct opposition to anti-abortion movements.

The issue of induced abortion remains divisive in public life, with recurring arguments to liberalize or restrict access to legal abortion services. Some abortion-rights supporters are divided as to the types of abortion services that should be available under different circumstances, including periods in the pregnancy such as late term abortions, in which access may or may not be restricted.
Vorrnipa Peak
Vorrnipa Peak (73°8′S 1°51′W﻿ / ﻿73.133°S 1.850°W﻿ / -73.133; -1.850) is a peak, 2,320 m, surmounting Neumayer Cliffs just south of Vestvorren Ridge in Queen Maud Land. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Vorrnipa (the jetty peak).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Vorrnipa Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

New Swabia
New Swabia (Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was an area of Antarctica explored, with the intention to claim it, by Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1939, within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land. The region was named after the expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia. Although the name "New Swabia" is occasionally mentioned in historical contexts, it is not an officially recognized cartographic name in modern use. The area is now part of Queen Maud Land, governed under the Antarctic Treaty System.
D-Orbit
D-Orbit (as in de-orbit) is a private aerospace company, headquartered in Italy. D-Orbit is mainly active in private spaceflight and space tug services, also known as orbital transfer vehicles (OTV).

D-Orbit has been operating commercial ION missions since September 2020, deploying satellites for Planet Labs, EnduroSat, Elecnor Deimos, University of Southern California, SatRevolution, and Kleos; and operating payloads for the German HPS, High Performance Space Structure Systems, the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), and the Swiss data security company Cysec SA.

The company has subsidiaries in Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States where it also has a joint venture, called D-Orbit USA.

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
The Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) is an astrophysical research institute located in the Canary Islands, Spain. It was founded in 1975 at the University of La Laguna. It operates two astronomical observatories in the Canary Islands: Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma, and Teide Observatory on Tenerife.

The current director of the IAC is Valentín Martínez Pillet, who succeeded Rafael Rebolo López on July 1, 2024. In 2016, English scientist Stephen Hawking was appointed Honorary Professor of the IAC, the first such appointment made by the institute.
Gustav Rau (hippologist)
Gustav Rau (28 February 1880 – 5 December 1954) was one of the most notable German hippologists of the 20th century. He was also an author and a journalist, writing under the pseudonym Gustav Kannstadt. He was born in Paris to an army officer from Württemberg. After the death of his father, his mother moved the family to Switzerland and later to Stuttgart.

Hippology
Hippology (from Greek: ἵππος, hippos, "horse"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is the study of horses.

Today, hippology is the title of an equine veterinary and management knowledge contest that is used in 4-H, Future Farmers of America (FFA), and many horse breed contests. Hippology consists of four phases: horse judging, written examination and slide identification, ID stations, and team problem-solving. Many people across the United States and in other countries compete in hippology-related knowledge competitions annually.
Items covered in the contest may cover any equine subject, including reproduction, training, parasites, dressage, history and origins, anatomy and physiology, driving and harnessing, horse industry, horse management, breeds, genetics, western games, colors, famous horses in history, parts of the saddle, types of bits, gaits, competitions, poisonous plants, and nutrition.
Nuno Delgado
Nuno Miguel Delgado ComIH (born 27 August 1976) is a former Portuguese judoka who became known for winning Portugal's first Olympic medal in judo – a bronze in the under-81 kg category at the 2000 Summer Olympics, in Sydney, Australia. He was also senior European champion (Bratislava 1999).

Judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 81 kg
Men's 81 kg competition in judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held on 19 September at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre.

This event was the median of the men's judo weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 81 kilograms of body mass. Like all other judo events, bouts lasted five minutes. If the bout was still tied at the end, it was extended for another five-minute, sudden-death period; if neither judoka scored during that period, the match is decided by the judges. The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match. There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals. Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage. The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket's repechage in bronze medal bouts.
2019 World Qualification Event
The 2019 World Qualification Event was held from January 18 to 23 at the Maniototo Curling International rink in Naseby, New Zealand. It was jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand, with the New Zealand women's team taking one host berth and the Australia men's team the other.

South Korea and the Netherlands, the top two finishers in the men's division, qualified for the 2019 World Men's Curling Championship, while China and Finland qualified for the 2019 World Women's Curling Championship as the top two finishers in the women's division.

Time in New Zealand
Time in New Zealand is divided by law into two standard time zones. The main islands use New Zealand Standard Time (NZST), 12 hours in advance of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) / military M (Mike), while the outlying Chatham Islands use Chatham Standard Time (CHAST), 12 hours 45 minutes in advance of UTC / military M^ (Mike-Three).

During summer months – from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April – daylight saving time is observed and clocks are advanced one hour. New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT) is 13 hours ahead of UTC, and Chatham Daylight Time (CHADT) 13 hours 45 minutes ahead.

New Zealand's associated states – the Cook Islands and Niue – and the dependent territory of Tokelau use several different time zones at their own discretion.