hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Acidulated water
Acidulated water is water where some sort of acid is added—often lemon juice, lime juice, or vinegar—to prevent cut or skinned fruits or vegetables from browning so as to maintain their appearance. Some vegetables and fruits often placed in acidulated water are apples, avocados, celeriac, potatoes and pears. When the fruit or vegetable is removed from the mixture, it will usually resist browning for at least an hour or two, even though it is being exposed to oxygen.

An added benefit of placing items in acidulated water is that the food item acquires a taste of the acid used, which can be very pleasant on the palate.

Acidulated water, most often made with the use of vinegar, can be used on an aged, hanging beef carcass (butchered) to help clean it.  The hanging primals / sub-primals can be wiped down with a cloth that has been submerged in the acidulated solution to help remove the "slick" surface that can build up during the aging process.

Celeriac
Celeriac (Apium graveolens Rapaceum Group, synonyms Apium graveolens Celeriac Group and Apium graveolens var. rapaceum), also called celery root, knob celery, and turnip-rooted celery (although it is not a close relative of the turnip), is a group of cultivars of Apium graveolens cultivated for their edible bulb-like hypocotyl, and shoots.

Celeriac is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean Basin and in Northern Europe. It is also but less commonly cultivated in North Africa, Siberia, Southwest Asia, and North America.
Dick James (American football)
Richard Alwin James (May 22, 1934 – June 28, 2000) was an American professional football player who was a halfback and cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins, New York Giants and Minnesota Vikings.  He played college football for the Oregon Ducks and was selected in the eighth round of the 1956 NFL draft.  James' mother was Mohawk/Mohican Native American.

He set a team record with four touchdowns in one game as the Redskins beat the Dallas Cowboys, 34–24 in 1961.  He scored 34 touchdowns in his NFL career.  James was one of the smallest players in the NFL at 5-9 and 175 pounds. James was also known as gymnast, performing such acts as walking on his hands down flights of stairs before games. He died in 2000 of prostate cancer at the age of 66.

He had a short stint as a sports announcer in the Washington DC area after he retired mainly covering the Redskins on game day.

Oregon Ducks football
The Oregon Ducks football program is a college football team for the University of Oregon, located in the U.S. state of Oregon. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Big Ten Conference (B1G). Though now known as the Ducks, the team was commonly called the Webfoots until the mid-1960s.

The program first fielded a football team in 1894. Oregon plays its home games at the 54,000 seat Autzen Stadium in Eugene. The program has been one of the most successful programs in college football since the 2000s. Oregon has been known in recent years for their creative uniforms, helmets, and logo designs, facilitated by a close partnership with Nike, which was founded in Eugene, Oregon by then-student Phil Knight and his track coach, Bill Bowerman.
San E
Jung San (Korean: 정산; born (1985-01-23)January 23, 1985), more commonly known by his stage name San E (산이), is a South Korean rapper. He debuted in 2010 under JYP Entertainment, where he was the label's first solo rapper. He left the company in 2013 to sign with hip hop label Brand New Music. He left the company in 2018 and established hip hop label FameUs Entertainment in 2019.

San E has released one full-length album: The Boy Who Cried Wolf (2015), and three extended plays: Everybody Ready? (2010), 'Not' Based on the True Story (2013), and Season of Suffering (2017). San E has received several major awards, including Best Hip Hop Song at the 2010 Korean Music Awards, Best Rap Performance at the 2015 Mnet Asian Music Awards, and the Hip Hop Award at the 2016 Golden Disc Awards and at the 2016 Seoul Music Awards.

Golden Disc Awards
The Golden Disc Awards (Korean: 골든 디스크 시상식, formerly spelled the Golden Disk Awards before 2015) is an annual South Korean major music awards ceremony that honors achievements in the local music industry. The awards ceremony was founded with the purpose to promote popular culture creativity, discover new artists, and contribute to the growth of the music industry. The first ceremony was held in 1986. Later ceremonies have been held around Asia.

The 35th Golden Disc Awards was held on 9–10 January 2021 without a live audience due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kelly criterion
In probability theory, the Kelly criterion (or Kelly strategy or Kelly bet) is a formula for sizing a sequence of bets by maximizing the long-term expected value of the logarithm of wealth, which is equivalent to maximizing the long-term expected geometric growth rate.  John Larry Kelly Jr., a researcher at Bell Labs, described the criterion in 1956.

The practical use of the formula has been demonstrated for gambling, and the same idea was used to explain diversification in investment management. In the 2000s, Kelly-style analysis became a part of mainstream investment theory and the claim has been made that well-known, successful investors including Warren Buffett and Bill Gross use Kelly methods (also see intertemporal portfolio choice). It is also the standard replacement of statistical power in anytime-valid statistical tests and confidence intervals, based on e-values and e-processes.

Power (statistics)
In frequentist statistics, power is the probability of detecting an effect (i.e. rejecting the null hypothesis) given that some prespecified effect actually exists using a given test in a given context. In typical use, it is a function of the specific test that is used (including the choice of test statistic and significance level), the sample size (more data tends to provide more power), and the effect size (effects or correlations that are large relative to the variability of the data tend to provide more power).

More formally, in the case of a simple hypothesis test with two hypotheses, the power of the test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis () when the alternative hypothesis () is true. It is commonly denoted by , where  is the probability of making a type II error (a false negative) conditional on there being a true effect or association.
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity
The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity, more commonly known as CPI(ML) Party Unity or simply 'Party Unity', was a communist party in India 1982-1998. Narayan Sanyal alias Naveen Prasad was the general secretary of the party. Party Unity was the official organ of the party. CPI(ML) Party Unity was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).

The activity of CPI(ML) Party Unity was concentrated in central Bihar; the districts of Jehanabad, Gaya, Aurangabad, Palamu, Nalanda and Nawada. The party was also present in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Punjab.

Aurangabad district, Bihar
Aurangabad district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor. Aurangabad played a major role in the Indian independence struggle, and is also the birthplace of eminent nationalist & first Deputy Chief Minister of state, Bihar Vibhuti Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, a participant of Champaran Satyagraha who is regarded among makers of modern independent Bihar.
2021 America East Conference softball tournament
The 2021 America East Conference softball tournament was held at the Diamond at UMBC on the campus of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in Baltimore, Maryland from May 13 through May 15, 2021. The tournament was won by the UMBC Retrievers, who earned the America East Conference's automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA Division I softball tournament

2021 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2021 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 21 through June 10, 2021 as the final part of the 2021 NCAA Division I softball season. 31 teams were awarded automatic bids as champions of their conferences after the Ivy League opted out of the 2021 softball season. The remaining 33 were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee on May 16, 2021. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2021 Women's College World Series at USA Softball Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City.
Lom ČSA
The Czechoslovak Army Mine (Czech: Lom Československé armády, shortened to Lom ČSA) is an opencast lignite mine located in the Most Basin of the Czech Republic, located between the city of Most and the town of Litvínov. Since 2008, mining operations have been run by Litvínovská uhelná a.s. after its owner, the Czech Coal Group, broke up the former mining company, Mostecká uhelná a.s., into two operations (the other company is Vršanská uhelná a.s.).

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Revolver (2024 film)
Revolver (Korean: 리볼버) is a 2024 South Korean action crime film written and directed by Oh Seung-uk, starring Jeon Do-yeon, Ji Chang-wook, and Lim Ji-yeon. It was released theatrically on August 7, 2024.

Ji Chang-wook
Ji Chang-wook (Korean: 지창욱; born 5 July 1987) is a South Korean actor and singer. He rose to fame for playing the lead role of daily drama series Smile Again (2010–2011), and gained further prominence with television series Warrior Baek Dong-soo (2011), Empress Ki (2013–2014), Healer (2014–2015), The K2 (2016), Suspicious Partner (2017), The Worst of Evil (2023), Welcome to Samdal-ri (2023–2024), and film Fabricated City (2017).
Testify (Parliament song)
"Testify" is a song by the band Parliament. It is a funk reworking of the song "(I Wanna) Testify", which was originally recorded in 1967 by The Parliaments and reached #3 on the Billboard R&B chart. This new version was the second single released from the 1974 album Up for the Down Stroke, and the second track on the album.

This version included a clavinet track by keyboardist Bernie Worrell and vocals by guitarist Eddie Hazel.

Parliament (band)
Parliament was an American funk band formed in 1968 by George Clinton as a flagship act of his P-Funk collective. Evolving out of an earlier vocal group, Parliament became associated with a more commercial and less rock-oriented sound than its sister act Funkadelic. Their work incorporated Afrofuturist concepts, horn arrangements, synthesizer, and outlandish theatrics. The band scored a number of Top 10 hits, including the million-selling 1976 single "Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker)," and Top 40 albums such as Mothership Connection (1975).
Phuopsis stylosa
Phuopsis stylosa, the Caucasian crosswort or large-styled crosswort, is a low-growing, mat-forming, aromatic perennial plant in the madder, or bedstraw family Rubiaceae. It has whorls of narrow, aromatic leaves and terminal clusters of tubular pink flowers. Phuopsis stylosa is native to the Caucasus and Iran, and is widely grown elsewhere as a garden plant.

The plant gives off an odor which can be confused with that of some Cannabis species.

Rubia
Rubia is the type  genus of the Rubiaceae family of flowering plants, which also contains Coffea (coffee). It contains around 80 species of perennial scrambling or climbing herbs and subshrubs native to the Old World.

The genus and its best-known species are commonly known as madder, e.g. Rubia tinctorum (common madder), Rubia peregrina (wild madder), and Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder).
2016 Rio Open – Women's doubles
Ysaline Bonaventure and Rebecca Peterson were the defending champions, but Bonaventure chose not to participate this year. Peterson played alongside Julia Glushko but lost in the first round to Paula Cristina Gonçalves and Sanaz Marand.
Verónica Cepede Royg and María Irigoyen won the title, defeating Tara Moore and Conny Perrin in the final, 6–1, 7–6(7–5).

Conny Perrin
Conny Perrin (born 25 December 1990) is a Swiss tennis player.
On 22 October 2018, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 134, and on 7 October 2024, she peaked at No. 99 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Perrin owns one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour - the 2023 Copa LP Chile. She has also won 13 singles and 28 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Amanita sinicoflava
Amanita sinicoflava, the mandarin yellow ringless amanita, is an edible species of fungus in the large genus Amanita.

Fruitbodies have yellow-olivaceous or olive-tan caps that measure 2.5–7 centimetres (1–3 inches) in diameter. There are grooves on the cap margin that extend about 40% of the distance from the margin to the apex. The spores are spherical or nearly so, typically measuring 9.1 to 12.2 micrometres (0.36 to 0.48 mils) by 8.4 to 11.5 μm (0.33 to 0.45 mils). The white stipe is ornamented with slightly darker fibrils, and there are sac-like remnants of the volva at the stipe base. The specific epithet sinicoflava means "Chinese-yellow", referring to the cap color.

Found in North America, the fungus was described as new to science in 1998 by mycologist Rodham Tulloss. The type collections were made in Sussex County, New Jersey. The mushroom grows in  sandy soil under Quercus, Pinus rigida, Acer rubrum, Quercus alba, and Quercus velutina.

Thousandth of an inch
A thousandth of an inch is a derived unit of length in a system of units using inches. Equal to 1⁄1000 of an inch, a thousandth is commonly called a thou /ˈθaʊ/ (used for both singular and plural) or, particularly in North America, a mil (plural mils).

The words are shortened forms of the English and Latin words for "thousand" (mille in Latin). In international engineering contexts, confusion can arise because mil is a formal unit name in North America but mil or mill is also a common colloquial clipped form of millimetre. The units are considerably different: a millimetre is approximately 39 mils.
Sheikh Md. Zakir Hossain
Sheikh Md. Zakir Hossain (born 2 March 1962) is a Bangladeshi justice of the High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. He is famous for delivering all his verdicts in the Bengali language. He was appointed in 2010.

Supreme Court of Bangladesh
Supreme Court of Bangladesh (SCB) is the highest court of law in the country. It is composed of the High Court Division and the Appellate Division, and was established by Part VI, Chapter I (Article 94) of the Constitution of Bangladesh, adopted in 1972. This is also the office of the chief justice, Appellate Division judges, and High Court Division judges of Bangladesh. As of February 2026, the Appellate Division consists of 6 judges, while the High Court Division has 103 judges (77 are permanent and 26 are additional).
Rishengchang
The Rishengchang Piaohao (simplified Chinese: 日升昌票号; traditional Chinese: 日昇昌票號; pinyin: Rì shēng chāng piào hào), was the first draft bank in China. It is located in Pingyao, Shanxi province, China. Rishengchang literally translates to 'Sunrise Prosperity', and piaohao means 'draft banks', the predecessors of modern banks in China. It was estimated to be founded during the Qing Dynasty in 1823. In the nineteenth century, at its peak, it controlled almost half of the Chinese economy and its branches were widespread throughout major cities in China, and also in some foreign countries, including Russia, Mongolia, and Japan.

The draft bank is now a museum and in 2006 was included on the List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (6-484).

Unlimited company
An unlimited company or private unlimited company is a hybrid company (corporation) incorporated with or without a share capital (and similar to its limited company counterpart) but where the legal liability of the members or shareholders is not limited: that is, its members or shareholders have a joint and several non-limited obligation to meet any insufficiency in the assets of the company to enable settlement of any outstanding financial liability in the event of the company's formal liquidation.
Parish of Milbang
The Parish of Milbang is a parish of Argyle County, New South Wales, Australia, located at 34°29′43″S 149°15′37″E﻿ / ﻿34.4954°S 149.2604°E﻿ / -34.4954; 149.2604

The Parish is located close to the junction of the Federal Highway and Hume Highway and is 710m above sea level.
The area was first inhabited by the Gundungurra people, with White settlement  beginning in the 1840s.

Hume Highway
The Hume Highway, including the sections now known as the Hume Freeway and the Hume Motorway, is one of Australia's major inter-city national highways, running for 840 kilometres (520 mi) between Melbourne in the northeast and Sydney in the southwest. Upgrading of the route from Sydney's outskirts to Melbourne's outskirts to dual carriageway was completed on 7 August 2013.

From north to south, the road is called the Hume Highway in metropolitan Sydney, the Hume Motorway between the Cutler Interchange and Berrima, the Hume Highway elsewhere in New South Wales and the Hume Freeway in Victoria. It is part of the Auslink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities as well as serving Albury–Wodonga and Canberra. It is therefore considered to be Australia's longest highway in terms of its dual-carriageway standard retaining the M, or motorway, alphanumeric.
Mikoyan-Gurevich I-270
The Mikoyan-Gurevich I-270 (Design Ж ("Zh") under Mikoyan-Gurevich's in-house designation sequence, USAF/DoD designation: Type 11) was a response to a Soviet Air Forces requirement in 1945 for a rocket-powered interceptor aircraft for the point-defence role. In concept and basic configuration, it was related to the early Korolyov RP-318 rocket-powered aircraft which was developed in 1936 and first flew February 20, 1940, and the more recent Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 Soviet design. Only two prototypes were built, both of which were destroyed in crashes, leading to the cancellation of the project.

USAF/DoD reporting names
Before the NATO ASCC reporting names became widely used, the USAF and United States Department of Defense applied their own system of allocating code names on newly discovered Soviet aircraft. Each item was given a type number sequentially, but it soon became obvious that the system was impractical over a long period of time, being abandoned in 1955, in favour of the NATO ASCC reporting name system.

Some aircraft that were allocated USAF DoD type numbers were never allocated NATO reporting names. Inconsistencies in contemporary published lists have led to presumed re-allocations, predicated on research using contemporary Soviet documents by Helge Bergander.

The US DoD also assigned codes to newly discovered Soviet or Chinese aircraft and equipment, which had not yet been identified, consisting of code for the site it was first identified, and a sequential letter.
1999 Cantabrian regional election
The 1999 Cantabrian regional election was held on Sunday, 13 June 1999, to elect the 5th Parliament of the autonomous community of Cantabria. All 39 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in 12 other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain, as well as the 1999 European Parliament election.

1999 Spanish local elections
The 1999 Spanish local elections were held on Sunday, 13 June 1999, to elect all 65,201 councillors in the 8,104 municipalities of Spain and all 1,034 seats in 38 provincial deputations. They were held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities, as well as local elections in the three foral deputations of the Basque Country, the ten island councils in the Balearic and Canary Islands and the 1999 European Parliament election.
Topi Mattila
Topi Mattila (born 29 March 1946 in Helsinki) is a Finnish former ski jumper who competed from 1964 to 1969. He finished fifth in the individual normal hill event at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, which was Mattila's best career finish as well.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Percy Knight
Percy Montgomery Knight (29 September 1954 – 6 April 2025) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played for the Balmain Tigers and Canberra Raiders in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Oak Hill (Oak Ridge, Virginia)
Oak Hill was a historic plantation home located near Oak Ridge, Pittsylvania County, Virginia. It was built in 1823–1825, and was a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, Federal style brick dwelling with a gable roof.  An addition was built in 1899.  It was destroyed by fire in 1988.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and delisted in 2001.

Oak Ridge, Pittsylvania County, Virginia
Oak Ridge, Pittsylvania County is an unincorporated community in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, United States. It is known as the location of the holiday home of former British prime minister Gordon Brown.
Andriy Pohrebnyak
Andriy Pohrebnyak (Ukrainian: Андрій Погребняк; born 11 February 1988) is a Ukrainian foil fencer, bronze medallist in the 2008 European Fencing Championships.

Pohrebnyak won the Ukraine national championship in 2013 and 2014.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.