hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second presidency of Getúlio Vargas
The second presidency of Getúlio Vargas corresponds to the period of Brazilian political history that began on 31 January 1951, after he won the 1950 presidential election by direct vote with 3,849,040 against 2,342,384 for Eduardo Gomes, becoming the 17th President of Brazil; and ended on 24 August 1954, with his suicide and the vice-president, Café Filho, taking office.

Vargas' government was characterized by the creation of state companies such as Petrobras and the BNDES, but also by great instability, with staunch opposition from Carlos Lacerda and accusations of a coup and corruption. The culmination occurred with the Toneleiro Street shooting, a crime of which he was automatically considered a suspect by public opinion (he would later be cleared), resulting in his suicide 19 days later.

During his term, Brazil's GDP grew by an average of 6.2%, more than the 4.3% average growth of his first term.

President of Brazil
The president of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil.

The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.
Gunnar Kulldorff
Gunnar Kulldorff (6 December 1927 – 25 June 2015) was a Swedish statistician, specializing in estimation theory, survey sampling and order statistics. From 1989 to 1991, he was the president of the International Statistical Institute.

Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.
Quantum turbulence
Quantum turbulence is the name given to the turbulent flow – the chaotic motion of a fluid at high flow rates – of quantum fluids, such as superfluids. The idea that a form of turbulence might be possible in a superfluid via the quantized vortex lines was first suggested by Richard Feynman. The dynamics of quantum fluids are governed by quantum mechanics, rather than classical physics which govern classical (ordinary) fluids. Some examples of quantum fluids include superfluid helium (4He and Cooper pairs of 3He), Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs), polariton condensates, and nuclear pasta theorized to exist inside neutron stars. Quantum fluids exist at temperatures below the critical temperature  at which Bose-Einstein condensation takes place.

Cooper pair
In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair) is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper.  The Cooper pairing of electrons in certain materials at low temperatures is responsible for the phenomenon of superconductivity.
Student politics in Venezuela
Student politics in Venezuela is the collection of students, largely university students, from across Venezuela participating in activism and developing political opinions. In Venezuela, student politicians hold a much larger clout than in many other countries, and many go on to be successful lawmakers in the nation.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
United States Armed Forces Bicentennial Band
The United States Armed Forces Bicentennial Band was a music ensemble composed of members of all branches of the United States military and some musicians selected from music schools across the country. The band toured the United States, Canada, and Mexico to celebrate the United States Bicentennial. The program was sponsored by the Department of Defense and headquartered at the army base in Fort Meade, Maryland.

Under the direction of Hal J. Gibson, the 67-piece band and an accompanying 24-voice mixed chorus performed a variety of selections representing different genres, generations, and regions. The band premiered at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts on March 24, 1975. The band was dissolved in late 1976.

In addition to touring, the band was recorded for Volume 25 of the Heritage of the March LP series.

Fort Meade, Maryland
Fort Meade is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The population was 9,324 at the 2020 census. It is the home to the National Security Agency, Central Security Service, United States Cyber Command and the Defense Information Systems Agency, which are located on the U.S. Army post Fort George G. Meade.
Nesquehonite
Nesquehonite is a mineral of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). It represents the trihydrate of magnesium carbonate, and has the total formula MgCO3·3H2O
.
It was described in 1890 by F. A. Genth and S. L. Penfield and is named after its type locality of Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania, where it was sampled from a coal mine. Nesquehonite can form from the related pentahydrate Lansfordite by dehydration at room temperature.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Spiller Cove
Spiller Cove is a small cove, part of Porlier Bay lying immediately west of Black Point along the north coast of Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Islands, which form a group of islands in the Antarctic Peninsula.

The name Spillers Cove was first mentioned by Robert Fildes in 1821. It is probably named for Captain Spiller of Liverpool, who visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820-21 and brought back some of Fildes' crew of the wrecked Cora from Desolation Island.

Black Point (Livingston Island)
Black Point is a rocky promontory of 38 hectares (94 acres) projecting 800 m northwards from the northeast coast of Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula into Hero Bay, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica to form the east side of the entrance to Porlier Bay.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The name of the point is a descriptive one. Fortín Rock is a sea stack lying off Black Point.
6/16/00 – Katowice, Poland
6/16/00 – Katowice, Poland is a two-disc live album and the sixteenth in a series of 72 live bootlegs released by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam from the band's 2000 Binaural Tour. It was released along with the other official bootlegs from the European leg of the tour on September 26, 2000.

Mike McCready
Michael David McCready (born April 5, 1966) is an American musician known for being a founding member and lead guitarist of Pearl Jam. McCready was also a member of the side project bands Flight to Mars, Temple of the Dog, Mad Season, and The Rockfords. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a part of Pearl Jam in 2017 alongside the four other founding members (Jeff Ament, Stone Gossard, Dave Krusen, and Eddie Vedder), and former member Matt Cameron.
Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, was the 16th Olympic Championship. The Soviet Union won its seventh gold medal. The silver medal was won by Finland, marking its first ever Olympic ice hockey medal. Sweden won the bronze medal. Games were held in the Olympic Saddledome, the Stampede Corral, and Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. This is so far the only Olympic tournament held on North American soil that was not won by either Canada or United States.

The IIHF did not run a championship in Olympic years at this time. Nations that did not participate in the Calgary Olympics were invited to compete in the final Thayer Tutt Trophy.

1988 Thayer Tutt Trophy
The 1988 Thayer Tutt Trophy was the third and last edition of the Thayer Tutt Trophy. It was held from March 20–27, 1988 in Eindhoven and Tilburg, Netherlands. Italy finished first, Japan finished second, and the Netherlands finished third.
1979 in British music
This is a summary of 1979 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year. 1979 saw the beginning of several trends in British music. Electropop reached number one in both the singles and albums charts in the form of Gary Numan and Tubeway Army, and synthesiser bands began to gather momentum, which would come to dominate music in the early 1980s. The first rap hit in the UK came from the Sugar Hill Gang. The 2 Tone movement also emerged, with early work from bands such as The Specials and Madness. Disco music was still the most popular music of the year, although it showed signs of dying out in the year's later months. 1979 remains the year when physical-format singles hit their sales peak in the UK.

Richard Rodney Bennett
Sir Richard Rodney Bennett CBE (29 March 1936 – 24 December 2012) was an English composer and pianist. He was noted for his musical versatility, drawing from such sources as jazz, romanticism, and avant-garde; and for his use of twelve-tone technique and serialism. His body of work included over 200 concert works and 50 scores for film and television. He was also active in jazz, as a composer, a pianist, and an occasional vocalist.

For his scoring work, Bennett was nominated for a total of 10 BAFTA Awards, winning once for Best Original Music for the film Murder on the Orient Express (1974). He was also nominated for three Academy Awards (Far from the Madding Crowd, 1967; Nicholas and Alexandra, 1971; and Murder on the Orient Express) and three Grammy Awards, among other accolades. He was the International Chair of Composition of the Royal Academy of Music, and was knighted in 1998.
Ovunque sarai
"Ovunque sarai" ("Wherever you will be") is a song by Italian singer-songwriter Irama, released by Warner on 3 February 2022 as the first single from the third studio album Il giorno in cui ho smesso di pensare. It was written by Irama, Giuseppe Colonnelli, Shablo, Giulio Nenna, and Luca Faraone.

The song competed in the Sanremo Music Festival 2022, placing 4th.

Sanremo Music Festival 2022
The Sanremo Music Festival 2022 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2022), officially the 72nd Italian Song Festival (72º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 72nd edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was held between 1 and 5 February 2022, and was presented for the third time in a row by Amadeus, who also served as the artistic director for the competition, alongside a number of co-hosts.

The festival was won by Mahmood and Blanco with "Brividi", earning them the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, held on home soil in Turin; Mahmood had previously won Sanremo in 2019 and had represented Italy in that year's Eurovision.
Hamish Spencer
Hamish Gordon Spencer FRSNZ is a New Zealand evolutionary biologist, and is a Distinguished Professor at the University of Otago. Spencer was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi in 2009, and is a Fellow of the International Science Council. He won the Callaghan Medal in 2016.

International Science Council
The International Science Council (ISC) is an international non-governmental organization that unites scientific bodies at various levels across the social and natural sciences. The ISC was formed with its inaugural general assembly on 4 July 2018 by the merger of the former International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC), making it one of the largest organisations of this type.

Daya Reddy, mathematician, served (2018–2021) as the ISC's inaugural President. Sir Peter Gluckman, pediatrician, biomedical scientist, and science-policy expert, was elected President in October 2021. Other ISC's inaugural Officers elected for the term of 2018–2021 were Elisa Reis (Vice President), Jinghai Li (Vice President), Renée van Kessel (Treasurer), and Alik Ismail-Zadeh (Secretary). Until February 2022, Heide Hackmann served as the Council's CEO. In 2023, Salvatore Aricò was elected Chief Executive Officer.
M1 road (Malawi)
The M1 road is a road in Malawi. The road serves as the backbone of Malawi's transportation network, stretching from the country's northern border with Tanzania at Kasumulu all the way down to the southern border with Mozambique at Marka. The north-south artery passes through the capital city of Lilongwe and the commercial hub of Blantyre, covering a total distance of 1,140 kilometers. As the longest road in Malawi, the M1 plays a role in connecting the country's major urban centers and facilitating trade and travel.

Lilongwe
Lilongwe (UK: /lɪˈlɒŋweɪ/, US: /-wi, lɪˈlɔːŋweɪ/,) is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020, that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in the central region of Malawi, in the district of the same name, near the borders with Mozambique and Zambia, and it is an important economic and transportation hub for central Malawi. It is named after the Lilongwe River.
EK Draconis
EK Draconis (abbreviated EK Dra, also known as HD 129333 or HIP 71631) is a young active G-type main-sequence star in the Northern constellation of Draco. It is located approximately 112 light-years away from the solar system. With an apparent visual magnitude of 7.6, it is too faint to be visible to the naked eye and requires binoculars or a small telescope for observation. EK Draconis is a Solar analog, similar in spectral type and mass to the Sun but significantly younger at 50–125 million years old. The star is notable for its high levels of magnetic activity, including powerful superflares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which provide insights into the behavior of the young Sun and its potential impacts on early planetary systems. EK Draconis is classified as a BY Draconis variable, exhibiting brightness variations due to large starspots and rapid rotation.

Binoculars
Binoculars or field glasses are two refracting telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. Most binoculars are sized to be held using both hands, although sizes vary widely from opera glasses to large pedestal-mounted military models.

Unlike a (monocular) telescope, binoculars give users a three-dimensional image: each eyepiece presents a slightly different image to each of the viewer's eyes and the parallax allows the visual cortex to generate an impression of depth.
Frederick Hutton (Royal Navy officer)
Rear-Admiral Frederick Hutton (1801 – 6 March 1866) was a British naval officer.

Hutton was born in 1801, and entered the Royal Navy in early 1813. He rose through the ranks, becoming a lieutenant in 1825, a commander in 1838, and a captain on 3 July 1844. He served as Administrator of Ascension Island  from 1847 to 1851, before returning to active naval duties. In April 1863 he was appointed to the rank of Rear admiral.

Hutton's commands included captaincy of the store ship Tortoise (1846–47), which brought with it the governorship of Ascension Island, the Prince Regent (1852–54), and the Neptune (1854–56), the latter two being flagships of Rear admiral Armar Lowry Corry, firstly out of Portsmouth, and then in the Baltic Sea during the Crimean War. Hutton captained Rear admiral James Plumridge's flagship the Royal William from 1856–57, before becoming captain of the Bermuda-based guard ship Terror in 1857.

Rear admiral Frederick Hutton died at Tunbridge Wells on 6 March 1866.

HMS Royal William (1833)
HMS Royal William was a 120-gun, three-deck, first rate, broadened Caledonia-class ship of the line built for the Royal Navy during the 1830s. Completed in 1834, the ship remained in ordinary until she was razeed and converted into a steam-powered, 89-gun, second rate, two decker during the 1850s. She played a minor role in the Crimean War of 1854–1855 and became a training ship in 1884.
Guthlaxton
Guthlaxton is an ancient hundred of Leicestershire.  Its jurisdiction was in the south of the county, and covered Lutterworth and Wigston Magna.  At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, it was one of Leicestershire's four wapentakes, and covered a much larger area, including Market Bosworth and Hinckley, which would later be made part of the Sparkenhoe hundred.

The original meeting place of the hundred was at the Guthlaxton stone.  The Sparkenhoe hundred was split from Guthlaxton in 1346.

Guthlaxton College in Wigston Magna was named after the hundred. The school was renamed Wigston College in 2015.

In the late 19th century the administrative aspects of most hundreds were given to other specialized governmental divisions.

Market Bosworth
Market Bosworth (/ˈbɒzwərθ/ BOZ-wərth) is a market town and civil parish in Leicestershire, England. At the 2001 Census, it had a population of 1,906, increasing to 2,097 at the 2011 census. It is most famously near to the site of the Battle of Bosworth, decisive final battle of the Wars of the Roses.

In 1974, Market Bosworth Rural District merged with Hinckley Rural District to form the district of Hinckley and Bosworth.
Vietnamese frigate Dinh Tien Hoang
Vietnam People's Navy Ship 011–Đinh Tiên Hoàng is the first Gepard-class frigate (Gepard 3.9 type) in the Vietnam People's Navy (VPN). The VPN contracted the Zelenodolsk shipyard in Russia to build the ship.

Vietnam People's Navy
The Vietnam People's Navy (VPN; Vietnamese: Hải quân nhân dân Việt Nam), internally the Naval Service (Vietnamese: Quân chủng Hải quân (QCHQ)), also known as the Vietnamese People's Navy or the Vietnamese Navy (Vietnamese: Hải quân Việt Nam), is the naval branch of the Vietnam People's Army and is responsible for the protection of the country's national waters, islands, and interests of the maritime economy, as well as for the co-ordination of maritime police, customs service and the border defence force.

The VPN also maintains a naval infantry arm, the Vietnam People's Navy Naval Infantry, which, according to the International Institute of Strategic Studies, in 2025 constituted the majority of the VPN, with 27,000 naval infantrymen.
Gordon K. Bush Airport
39°12′43″N 082°13′45″W﻿ / ﻿39.21194°N 82.22917°W﻿ / 39.21194; -82.22917

Ohio University Airport or Gordon K. Bush Airport (IATA: ATO, ICAO: KUNI, FAA LID: UNI), also known as Snyder Field, is a public-use airport located on State Route 32/U.S. 50 in the village of Albany, about ten miles (16 km) southwest of the city of Athens, in Athens County, Ohio, United States.

The airport is owned by Ohio University in Athens, not to be confused with
Ohio State University in Columbus, which owns the Ohio State University Airport (IATA/FAA: OSU).

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Ohio University Airport is assigned UNI by the FAA and ATO by the IATA (which assigned UNI to the airport on Union Island in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines).

Athens County, Ohio
Athens County is a county in southeastern Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,431. Its county seat and largest city is Athens. The county was formed in 1805 from Washington County.  Because Ohio's first state university, Ohio University, was  established here in 1804, the town and the county are named for the ancient center of learning, Athens, Greece.

Athens County comprises the Athens, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Takis Tsiakos
Takis Tsiakos (Greek: Τάκης Τσιάκος, 1909–1997) was a Greek poet, representative of the poetic style of Kostis Palamas.

Tsiakos was born in Gjirokastër, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire, present-day southern Albania. In 1930 he moved to Ioannina, Greece, where he made his literary appearance writing lyrics in columns of local newspapers as well as in widely known Greek magazines. In 1936 he published his first collection named 'Extinguished echo' (Greek: Σβησμένη Ηχώ). His work was influenced by the national character of Kostis Palamas' poetry, something that was commonly found among the Greek poets from the Greek minority in Albania. Takis Tsiakos later became the vice president of the Board of the Association of Greek Litterateurs.

Janina vilayet
The Vilayet of Janina, Yanya or Ioannina (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت يانیه, romanized: Vilâyet-i Yanya) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire, established in 1867. In the late 19th century, it reportedly had an area of 18,320 square kilometres (7,070 sq mi). It was created by merging the Pashalik of Yanina and the Pashalik of Berat with the sanjaks of Janina, Berat, Ergiri, Preveze, Tırhala and Kesriye. Kesriye was later demoted to kaza and bounded to Monastir Vilayet and Tırhala was given to Greece in 1881. With the end of the Ottoman rule, the southern area of the vilayed became part of Greece and its northern area became part of Albania.
Listen to Britain
Listen to Britain is a 1942 British propaganda short film by Humphrey Jennings and Stewart McAllister. The film was produced during World War II by the Crown Film Unit, an organisation within the British Government's Ministry of Information to support the Allied war effort. The film was nominated for the inaugural Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1943, but lost against four other Allied propaganda films. It is noted for its nonlinear structure and its use of sound.

Crown Film Unit
The Crown Film Unit was an organisation within the British Government's Ministry of Information during the Second World War; until 1940, it was the GPO Film Unit. Its remit was to make films for the general public in Britain and abroad. Its output included short information and documentary films, as well as longer drama-documentaries, as well as a few straight drama productions.

Music was an important element. The conductor Muir Mathieson was the director of music for many productions, and notable composers commissioned to write original scores included Walter Leigh, Benjamin Britten, Ernst Meyer, Richard Addinsell, Benjamin Frankel, Christian Darnton, Guy Warrack and Arthur Benjamin.

The Crown Film Unit continued to produce films, as part of the Central Office of Information (COI), until it was disbanded in 1952.