hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sarah-marie belcastro
Sarah-marie belcastro (born 1970), stylized sarah-marie belcastro, is an American mathematician and book author. She is an instructor at the  Art of Problem Solving Online School and is the director of MathILy, a residential math summer program hosted at Bryn Mawr College. Although her doctoral research was in algebraic geometry, she has also worked extensively in topological graph theory. She is known for and has written extensively about mathematical knitting, and has co-edited three books on fiber mathematics. She exclusively uses the form "sarah-marie belcastro".

Australasian Journal of Combinatorics
The Australasian Journal of Combinatorics is a triannual peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering combinatorics. It was established in 1990 and is published by the Centre for Discrete Mathematics and Computing (University of Queensland) on behalf of the Combinatorial Mathematics Society of Australasia. Originally published biannually, it has been published three times per year since 2005. The editors-in-chief are Michael H. Albert (University of Otago) and Elizabeth J. Billington (University of Queensland). Since 2014, the journal has been diamond open access, charging fees neither to readers nor to authors. It is a member of the Free Journal Network.
Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen
Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen (lit. 'Schaffhausen transport company') (VBSH, stylised as vbsh) is a public transport company in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen. It operates bus lines covering the city of Schaffhausen and the surrounding canton, with one regional bus line passing through German territory. It also operated the Schaffhausen trolleybus system until its closure in December 2025.

Konstanz (district)
Konstanz (or Constance) is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Baden-Württemberg on the German-Swiss border, situated along the shores of Lake Constance. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Schwarzwald-Baar, Tuttlingen, Sigmaringen and Bodenseekreis. To the south it borders the Swiss cantons of Zurich, Thurgau and Schaffhausen. The municipality of Büsingen am Hochrhein is an exclave of Germany surrounded by Swiss territory.
Pethidinic acid
Pethidinic acid (meperidinic acid, pethidine intermediate C) is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is both a metabolite of and a precursor to pethidine (meperidine).  It is scheduled by UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.  It is a Schedule II Narcotic controlled substance in the United States and has an ACSCN of 9234.  The 2014 annual manufacturing quota was 6 grams.

Pethidinic acid is a controlled drug because of its potential uses in manufacturing both pethidine itself and some of its substituted derivatives, but it has little opioid activity in its own right. Metabolism of pethidine to pethidinic acid is carried out mainly by the carboxylesterase enzyme hCE-1 in the liver, and since the activity of this enzyme can vary between individuals, the rate and extent of pethidinic acid production can vary.

Frank Wätjen used pethidinic acid as a precursor chemical to a heterocyclic moiety.

Esterase
In biochemistry, an esterase is a class of enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis (and as such, it is a type of hydrolase).

A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.
Academy of the Sacred Heart (Bloomfield Township, Michigan)
Academy of the Sacred Heart is a Roman Catholic girls-only school located in Bloomfield Township, Michigan in Metro Detroit, near Bloomfield Hills.

It is the oldest independent school in Michigan. Founded in 1851 in Detroit, the Academy moved to its 28-acre (110,000 m2) campus in Bloomfield Township in 1958. It is a Catholic, college-preparatory school for young women from infancy through Grade 12 and for boys from infancy through Grade 8 of many cultures and faiths. The Academy is a member of the Network of Sacred Heart Schools, which includes 24 schools in the U.S.-Canada and an affiliation with the Society of the Sacred Heart in 41 countries around the world.

Metro Detroit
Metro Detroit is a major metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Michigan, consisting of the city of Detroit and over 200 municipalities in the surrounding area. There are varied definitions of the area, including the official statistical areas designated by the Office of Management and Budget, a federal agency of the United States.

Metro Detroit is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, popular music, food, cultural diversity, and sports. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches, with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes. Metro Detroit also has one of the largest metropolitan economies in the U.S. with 17 Fortune 500 companies.
Pardon My Scotch
Pardon My Scotch is a 1935 short subject directed by Del Lord starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the ninth entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who appeared in 190 shorts at the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
X Factor (Kazakhstani TV series) series 1
X Factor is a Kazakh music talent show for aspiring pop stars across the nation and is based on the international franchise. The first season in Kazakhstan started in January 2011. Auditions were held in 12 Kazakh cities and started on 2 October 2010.
The Judges were the three music producers Nagima Eskalieva, who was the already the chairwoman of the panel of SuperStar KZ, Sultana Karazhigitova and Alexander Shevchenko.

On 22 May 2011, the back then-22-year-old Daria Gabdull (Дария Габдулл), labeled by the judges as the "Kazakh Beyoncé", won the show ahead of the trio Spasibo. Gabdull won a two-years-contract with Sony Music.

The X Factor
The X Factor is a television music competition franchise created by British producer Simon Cowell and his company Syco Entertainment. It originated in the United Kingdom, where it was devised as a replacement for Pop Idol (2001–2003), and has been adapted in various countries. The "X Factor" of the title refers to the undefinable "something" that makes for star quality.

Similar to Got Talent, the franchise maintains a YouTube channel, called X Factor Global. The channel uploads clips of X Factor shows from around the world. The channel currently has over 3 million subscribers. Additionally, many individual X Factor shows have their own YouTube channels such as X Factor Latvia.
Fernando Sánchez (designer)
Fernando Sánchez (9 August 1935 – 28 June 2006) was a Belgian fashion designer.  He was known for his provocative lingerie collections, which, though designed for elegant boudoirs, were often worn in public. He created the two famous dresses of Madonna's "Like a Virgin" music video. Sanchez was awarded several Coty fashion awards, as well as a Council of Fashion Designers of America Award in 1981.

Coty
Coty Inc. is a multinational beauty company founded in Paris in 1904 by François Coty. Today, the company is incorporated in Delaware, United States, with its global headquarters in Amsterdam, Netherlands. With its subsidiaries, it develops, manufactures, markets, and distributes fragrances, cosmetics, skin care, nail care, and both professional and retail hair care products. Coty owns around 40 brands as of 2024.
Shikrapur, Budaun
Shikrapur is a village & gram panchayat in Salarpur block, Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India. According to 2011 Census of India, the total village population is 1,302, out of 704 are males and 598 are females. Its village code is 128328. Budaun railway station is 6 km away from the village.

Budaun district
Budaun district (Hindi pronunciation: [bəd̪aːjũː]; or Buaaun) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, with its headquarters in the town of Badaun. The district is part of the Bareilly division, and covers an area of 4,234 km2 (1,635 sq mi). According to legend, Budaun was named after the Ahir prince Budh.
Sinop Nuclear Power Plant
The Sinop Nuclear Power Plant (Turkish: Sinop Nükleer Enerji Santrali) is a proposed nuclear plant in Turkey located at Sinop on the Black Sea. If constructed, it will be the country's second nuclear power plant after Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant. In late 2025, a framework agreement with South Korean company KEPCO was signed.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (三菱重工業株式会社, Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-kaisha; MHI) is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the predecessor of Mitsubishi Motors.

MHI's products include aerospace and automotive components, air conditioners, elevators, forklift trucks, hydraulic equipment, printing machines, missiles, tanks, power systems, ships, aircraft, railway systems, and space launch vehicles. Through its defense-related activities, it is the world's 23rd-largest defense contractor measured by 2011 defense revenues and the largest based in Japan.
Haydarov
Haydarov, feminine: Haydarova, also Haýdarow, Khaydarov, feminine: Khaydarova is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alik Haýdarow

Azizbek Haydarov (born 1985), Uzbek footballer

Ravshan Haydarov (born 1961), Uzbek footballer and manager

Utkirbek Haydarov (born 1974), Uzbek boxer

Alik Haýdarow
Alik Haýdarow (born 27 April 1981) is a Turkmenistani footballer who plays as a defender for Altyn Asyr FK in the Ýokary Liga. He previously played for Ýokary liga club FC Ashgabat.

He is a member of the Turkmenistan national football team.
Jan Gunnarsson
Jan Gunnarsson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjɑːn ˈɡɵ̂nːaˌʂɔn]; born 30 May 1962) is a former tennis player from Sweden, who won one singles title in Vienna in 1985 (beating Libor Pimek in the final) and nine doubles titles on the world tour during his professional career. In 1989 he reached the semi-finals of Australian Open where he lost in straight sets to Miloslav Mečíř.

Along with Michael Mortensen he won the longest tie-break in tennis history at Wimbledon in 1985. The Swedish/Danish duo defeated John Frawley and Víctor Pecci in the first round.

The right-hander reached his career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 25 in December 1985.

Miloslav Mečíř
Miloslav Mečíř (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈmilɔslaw ˈmetʂiːr̝̊]; born 19 May 1964) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. He won the men's singles gold medal at the 1988 Olympic Games, representing Czechoslovakia, and contested two major singles finals. In 1987 he won the WCT Finals, the season-ending championship for the World Championship Tennis tour. His son Miloslav Jr. is also a former professional tennis player.
Hewanorra International Airport
Hewanorra International Airport (IATA: UVF, ICAO: TLPL), located near Vieux Fort Quarter, Saint Lucia, in the Caribbean, is the larger of Saint Lucia's two airports and is managed by the Saint Lucia Air and Seaports Authority (SLASPA). It is on the southern cape of the island, about 53.4 km (33.2 mi) from the capital city, Castries.

The airport is a Fire Category 9 facility that handles 700,000 passengers a year and can accommodate Boeing 747, Airbus A330, Airbus A340, Boeing 777 and other long-range intercontinental jet aircraft. Aircraft maintenance is carried out by Caribbean Dispatch Services. The country's smaller airport, George F. L. Charles Airport, is located in the capital city of Castries and handles inter-Caribbean passenger flights, which are currently operated with regional turboprop aircraft as well as with smaller prop aircraft.

Turboprop
A turboprop is a gas-turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.

A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. Jet fuel is then added to the compressed air in the combustor, where the fuel-air mixture then combusts. The hot combustion gases expand through the turbine stages, generating power at the point of exhaust. Some of the power generated by the turbine is used to drive the compressor and electric generator. The gases are then exhausted from the turbine. In contrast to a turbojet or turbofan, the engine's exhaust gases do not provide enough power to create a major portion of the total thrust, since almost all of the engine's power is used to drive the propeller.
Ochurdyap Mangdaev
Prince Ochurdyap Mangdaev (Altay: Очурjап, Russian: Очурдяп-Николай Мангдаев) r. 1878–1897 was the Zaisan of the Second Chui Volost. He took an active part in problematic issues of land management, while preserving the territory of the original residence of the indigenous population. Under his rule, Kosh-Agach became the center of trade routes in the Altai Mountains.

Zaisan (title)
Zaisan (Mongolian: Зайсан) is an ancient title among the Mongols, Buryats, Kalmyks, Altaians, Khakas, Telengits, denoting the hereditary ruler of the otok, ulus or aimag. In some cases, the title corresponded to the prince.
Truman F. Wilbanks
Truman Franklin Wilbanks (September 27, 1891 – December 29, 1967) was an American football coach and educator. He served as the head football coach at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette (then known as Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute) from 1931 to 1936.

Wilbanks was born on September 27, 1891, in  Jena, Louisiana, to Henry Gregg Wilbanks and Liza Bradford Wilbanks. He attended school in Jena. A 1916 graduate of Centenary College in Shreveport, Louisiana, Wilbanks played for the LSU Tigers football team, earning a letter in 1917 as a halfback. He and his wife, Ruth Kessinger, both taught at high schools in Homer and Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Wilbanks died on December 29, 1967, in Mer Rouge, Louisiana, following a long illness.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod
The Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod is a music festival which takes place every year during the second week of July in Llangollen, North Wales. It is one of several large annual Eisteddfodau in Wales. Singers and dancers from around the world are invited to take part in over 20 competitions followed each evening by concerts on the main stage. Over five thousand singers, dancers and instrumentalists from around 50 countries perform to audiences of more than 50,000 over the 6 days of the event.

Famous performers at Llangollen have included Luciano Pavarotti (who first competed in Llangollen in 1955 with his father and a choir from their home town Modena, and for whom the Eisteddfod's principal trophy – the Choir of the World Pavarotti Trophy – is named), Red Army Ensemble, Julian Lloyd Webber and Ladysmith Black Mambazo. The final Sunday Evening Gala Concert has featured Katherine Jenkins, Bryn Terfel, Kiri Te Kanawa, James Galway and Montserrat Caballe.

James Galway
Sir James Galway OBE (born 8 December 1939) is an Irish virtuoso flute player from Belfast, nicknamed "The Man with the Golden Flute". After several years working as an orchestral musician, he established an international career as a solo flute player. In 2005, he received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music at the Classic Brit Awards.
Wesermünde Geest
The Wesermünde Geest (German: Wesermünder Geest; Northern Low Saxon: Wersermünner Geest) is the collective name for several geest ridges in the west of Cuxhaven district and Bremen's North Borough in northern Germany. The ridges are separated from one another by wetlands. These terminal moraines were formed during the Saale glaciation, are up to between 10 and 70 m (33 and 230 ft) above sea level (NN), and are covered by scattered woods and farmland. The wetland areas, between 0 and 5 m (0 and 16 ft) above sea level, are predominantly used for grazing.

Cuxhaven (district)
Cuxhaven is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Stade, Rotenburg, Osterholz and Wesermarsch, the city of Bremerhaven and the North Sea.
Papilio rex
Papilio rex, the regal swallowtail or king papilio, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Africa.
It is a semi-montane and montane forest (1, 300 m. to 2 600 m.) species.
The larvae feed on Teclea tricocarpa, Teclea stuhlmanni, Calodendrum, Citrus, Clausena, Fagara and Toddalia species.
In the early morning and late afternoon adults of both sexes descend from the forest canopy to feed from the flowers of Lantana, Impatiens and Bougainvillea. It hilltops on granite outcrops and mud puddles.

The Kenyan forms mimic Tirumala formosa, the forest monarch butterfly.

Impatiens
Impatiens /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/ is a genus of more than 1,000 species of flowering plants, widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and the tropics. Together with the genus Hydrocera (one species), Impatiens make up the family Balsaminaceae.

Common names in North America include impatiens, jewelweed, touch-me-not, snapweed and patience. As a rule-of-thumb, "jewelweed" is used exclusively for Nearctic species, and balsam is usually applied to tropical species. In the British Isles by far the most common names are impatiens and busy lizzie, especially for the many varieties, hybrids and cultivars involving Impatiens walleriana. "Busy lizzie" is also found in the American literature. Impatiens glandulifera is commonly called policeman's helmet in the UK, where it is an introduced species.
Aceh Jaya Regency
Aceh Jaya Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Aceh Jaya) is a regency  of Aceh Province of Indonesia. It is located on the west side of the island of Sumatra, and was formed on 10 April 2002 from districts which had formerly been the northern part of West Aceh Regency. The regency covers an area of 3,872.23 square kilometres and had a population of 76,782 people at the 2010 census, 86,368 at the 2015 census and 93,159 at the 2020 Census, of whom 47,264 were male and 45,895 female; the official estimate as of mid 2024 was 101,407 (comprising 51,377 males and 50,030 females). The seat of the Regency is at Calang, in Krueng Sabee District. The main crops grown in the Regency are rice, rambutan, durian, orange, water melon, rubber, palm and coconut oil.

Coconut oil
Coconut oil (or coconut fat) is an edible oil derived from the meat of the coconut palm fruit. Coconut oil is a white solid fat below around 25 °C (77 °F), and a clear thin liquid oil at higher temperatures. Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma. Coconut oil is used as a food oil, and in industrial applications for cosmetics and detergent production. The oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids.

Due to its high levels of saturated fat, numerous health authorities recommend limiting its consumption as a food.

Coconut oil is widely used for cooking and baking due to its high smoke point and distinct flavor.
Messel (surname)
Messel is a German surname. It derives from the German municipality of Messel in the district of Darmstadt-Dieburg in Hesse near Frankfurt am Main.

Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Messel (1853–1909), German architect

Harry Messel (1922–2015), Canadian-born Australian physicist

Maud Messel (1875–1960) British artist and horticulturalist

Oliver Messel (1904–1978), English artist and stage designer

Syvert Tobiassen Messel (1897–1978), Norwegian politician

Alfred Messel
Alfred Messel (22 July 1853 – 24 March 1909) was a German architect at the turning point to the 20th century, creating a new style for buildings which bridged the transition from historicism to modernism. Messel was able to combine the structure, decoration, and function of his buildings, which ranged from department stores, museums, office buildings, mansions, and social housing to soup kitchens, into a coherent, harmonious whole. As an urban architect striving for excellence he was in many respects ahead of his time. His best known works, the Wertheim department stores and the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, reflect a new concept of self-confident metropolitan architecture. His architectural drawings and construction plans are preserved at the Architecture Museum of Technische Universität Berlin.
2004 Macedonian autonomy referendum
An autonomy referendum was held in Macedonia on 7 November 2004. Voters were asked whether they approved of overturning the municipal redistricting plans that gave greater autonomy to ethnic Albanians following the Ohrid Agreement that ended the 2001 conflict between ethnic Albanian militants and the predominantly ethnic Macedonian government forces. These had been changed to give ethnic Albanians greater control in districts where they had significant presence and gives local authorities greater control over education, health and development. It also reduced the number of municipalities from 123 to 84.

Although 95% voted in favour of the change, the voter turnout of 27% was well below the 50% threshold, resulting in it failing.

2001 insurgency in Macedonia
An armed conflict began in the Republic of Macedonia in 2001 when the ethnic Albanian National Liberation Army (NLA) insurgent group, formed from veterans of the Kosovo War and insurgency in the Preševo Valley, attacked Macedonian security forces at the end of January 2001, and ended with the Ohrid Agreement, signed on 13 August of that same year. There were also claims that the NLA ultimately wished to see Albanian-majority areas secede from the country, though high-ranking members of the group have denied this. The conflict lasted throughout most of the year, although overall casualties remained limited to several dozen individuals on either side, according to sources from both sides of the conflict. With it, the Yugoslav Wars had reached Macedonia, which had achieved peaceful independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.