hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted
The Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted (Czech: Výbor na obranu nespravedlivě stíhaných, VONS) was a Czechoslovak dissident organization founded largely by Charter 77 signatories. VONS was founded on 27 April 1978.

Dissident
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th century, coinciding with the rise of authoritarian governments in countries such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, Francoist Spain, the Soviet Union (and later Russia), North Korea, China, Turkmenistan and the Middle East. In the Western world, there are historical examples of people who have been considered and have considered themselves dissidents, such as the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. In totalitarian countries, dissidents are often incarcerated or executed without explicit political accusations, or due to infringements of the very same laws they are opposing, or because they are supporting civil liberties such as freedom of speech.
Rani Rupamati's Mosque
Rani Rupamati's Mosque, also known as Rani Rupavati's Mosque or Mirzapur Queen's Mosque, is a Sufi mosque and dargah complex in Mirzapur area of Ahmedabad, in the state of Gujarat, India. The structure is a Monument of National Importance.

Monuments of National Importance
This article contains lists of Monuments of National Importance in India.

An Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 defines an "Ancient Monument" as follows:

Ancient Monument means any structure, erection or monument, or any tumulus or place of interment, or any cave, rock-sculpture, inscription or monolith which is of historical, archaeological or artistic interest and which has been in existence for not less than 100 years

A "Monument of National Importance" is designated by the Archaeological Survey of India and includes the following:

The remains of an ancient monument

The site of an ancient monument

The land on which there are fences or protective covering structures for preserving the monument

Land by means of which people can freely access the monument

monument is something that show our history our strength and our power.

In 2023 an updated list was published by National Monument Authority which identifies a total of 3757 monuments.
Trick for Trick (1678 play)
Trick For Trick; Or, The Debauch'd Hypocrite is a 1678 comedy play by English writer Thomas D'Urfey. It was first staged at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane by the King's Company.

The original Drury Lane cast included Michael Mohun as Sir Wilding Frollick, Charles Hart as  Monsieur Thomas, Philip Griffin as Valentine, Thomas Clark as Franck, Cardell Goodman as Hylas, Martin Powell as  Sir Peregreen, Joseph Haines as  Launce, John Coysh, Marmaduke Watson and Carey Perin as Physicians, Elizabeth Boutell as Cellida, Mary Corbett as Sabina, and Mary Knep as Mrs Dorothy.

Thomas d'Urfey
Thomas d'Urfey (c. 1653 – 26 February 1723) was an English writer and playwright. He wrote plays, songs, jokes, and poems. He was an important innovator and contributor in the evolution of the ballad opera.
Javad bey Shikhlinski
Javad bey Mammad agha oghlu Shikhlinski (Azerbaijani: Cavad bəy Məmməd Ağa oğlu Şıxlinski; January 3, 1874 – 1959) was an officer of the Tsarist army, a major general of the Azerbaijan Republic Army, and the commander of the Ardabil garrison in the Qajar army.

He participated in World War I and was awarded various degrees of the Orders of Saint Anna, Saint Stanislaus, and Saint Vladimir.

During the Azerbaijan Republic period, he participated in battles as part of the Caucasian Islamic Army and was the commander of the First Infantry Division. He led the Zangezur expedition and was one of the organizers of the Ganja uprising.

Ardabil
Ardabil (Persian: اردبیل, pronunciationⓘ) is a city in northwestern Iran. It is in the Central District of Ardabil County, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

The city of Ardabil lies close to the borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 40 kilometers from the village of Diqo.

As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The population of Ardabil County is about 650,000 with the majority Shia Muslim.

For a brief period in the 10th century, Ardabil was the principal city of Azerbaijan, but it was eventually replaced by Tabriz.

Ardabil is known for its trade in silk and carpets. Ardabil rugs are renowned and the ancient Ardabil carpets are considered among the best of classical Persian carpets. Ardabil is also home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sheikh Safi al-Din Khanegah and Shrine Ensemble, the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safi ad-Din, and the tomb of Ismail I, founder of the Safavid Empire.
Sharifabad, Erdan
Sharifabad (Persian: شريف اباد, also Romanized as Sharīfābād) is a village in Dehshir Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 7 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Proscyllium venustum
Sharks portal

The spotted smooth dogfish (Proscyllium venustum) is a finback catshark of the family Proscylliidae, found in the temperate northwest Pacific Ocean, in the Okinawa Trough.  Little else is known about this harmless oviparous species.

Trough (geology)
In geology, a trough is a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance. Although it is less steep than a trench, a trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. These features often form at the rim of tectonic plates. 
There are various oceanic troughs on the ocean floors.
Troughs created by glaciation are called glacial trough.
Newark Evening News
The Newark Evening News was an American newspaper published in Newark, New Jersey. As New Jersey's largest city, Newark played a major role in New Jersey's journalistic history.  At its apex, The News was widely regarded as the newspaper of record in New Jersey.   For much of its life it had the largest circulation of any New Jersey newspaper, and in 1963 was the 20th ranked national newspaper by evening circulation numbers. The Newark News has been digitized by the Newark Public Library and Advantage Archives.

Advantage Archives
Advantage Archives LLC is a digital archiving service based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. Established in 2018, it digitizes microform, newspapers, books and documents. The results are stored in a community history archive, which is freely accessible. The company works with over five hundred libraries and newspaper publishers in the country, using American National Standards Institute to achieve an expected preservation threshold of five hundred years.

The company was co-founded by Chris Donohue and Jeffrey Kiley. Donohue is its chief financial officer and Kiley its chief operating officer.

Its office is at 1025 33rd Avenue SW in Cedar Rapids. The company is a division of Advantage Preservation, itself a division of Advantage Companies. Advantage Companies established a partnership with the State Historical Society of Iowa in 2017 to digitize over twelve million pages of newspapers, the earliest being from the 1830s, around fifteen years prior to statehood.
Emelie Garbers
Emelie Garbers (née Jonsson; born 1 September, 1982) is a Swedish actress.

Her role as the Mimarobe in the 2018 science fiction film Aniara garnered her a Guldbagge Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the 55th Guldbagge Awards in January 2020. Other film credits include the 2012 television movie Call Girl.  Her television credits include the drama Dejta on Sveriges Television. She appeared in the 2024 TV series End of Summer.

Garbers was educated at the Royal Swedish Ballet School and the Stockholm University of the Arts.

Stockholm University of the Arts
The Stockholm University of the Arts (Swedish: Stockholms konstnärliga högskola) is a public university college created 1 January 2014 (2014-01-01) by merging the School of Dance and Circus, the University College of Opera, and the Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts. This is the result of the ministerial committee directive issued in 2012.

The three institutions remained autonomous with regard to undergraduate studies, but the amalgamation intended to achieve critical mass and high quality environments for research and doctoral studies. The university has not used the names of its three predecessor institutions since 1 January 2020.

Vice-chancellor is Paula Crabtree, and chairman of the board is Kåre Bremer, former vice-chancellor of Stockholm University.
Norbert Bürzle
Norbert Bürzle (born 6 September 1951) is a teacher and politician from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1993 to 2001.

As of 2011, he was a teacher at the Vaduz secondary school since 1973, and was also a civics teacher at the vocational school in Buchs from 1989 to 2003. He was a member of the Balzers municipal council from 2003 to 2011 and the deputy mayor of the municipality from 2003 to 2007.

In the run-up to the 2003 Liechtenstein constitutional referendum, Bürzle alongside other former members of the Landtag, opposed the proposed changes by the prince.

Buchs, St. Gallen
Buchs (German pronunciation: [bʊks] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It serves as an important economic and transport hub, situated on the border with Liechtenstein. Buchs officially became a town (German: Stadt) in 2002.
Foghorn Bradley
George H. "Foghorn" Bradley (July 1, 1855 – March 31, 1900) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball for six full seasons who was born in Medford, Massachusetts. He also played one season in the National League.

Umpire (baseball)
In baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game, including beginning and ending the game, enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds, making judgment calls on plays, and handling disciplinary actions. The term is often shortened to the colloquial form ump. They are also sometimes nicknamed blue due to the traditional color of the uniform worn by umpires. Although games were often officiated by a sole umpire in the formative years of the sport, since the turn of the 20th century, officiating has been commonly divided among several umpires, who form the umpiring crew.  The position is analogous to that of a referee in many other sports.
Ripacandida
Ripacandida (IPA: [ripaˈkandida]; Ripacandidesi: Rubbuacànnə; Lucano dialect: R'bbacànnə or R'pacànnə) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bounded by the comuni of Atella, Barile, Filiano, Forenza, Ginestra, Rionero in Vulture.

Neapolitan language
Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano [(o n)napuliˈtɑːnə]; Italian: napoletano) is a Romance language of the Southern Italo-Romance group spoken in most of continental Southern Italy. It is named after the Kingdom of Naples, which once covered most of the area, and the city of Naples was its capital. On 14 October 2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that Neapolitan was to be protected.

While the language group is native to much of continental Southern Italy or the former Kingdom of Naples, the terms Neapolitan, napulitano or napoletano may also instead refer more narrowly to the specific variety spoken natively in the city of Naples and the immediately surrounding Naples metropolitan area and Campania region. The present article mostly deals with this variety, which enjoys a certain degree of prestige and has historically wide written attestations.
Boston College Eagles
The Boston College Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Boston College, located in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) sub-level for football), primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).

Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
Chestnut Hill is a village located six miles (10 km) west of downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is best known for being home to Boston College and a section of the Boston Marathon route. Like all Massachusetts villages, Chestnut Hill is not an incorporated municipal entity. It is located partially in Brookline in Norfolk County, partially in the city of Boston in Suffolk County, and partially in the city of Newton in Middlesex County. Chestnut Hill's borders are defined by the 02467 ZIP Code. The name refers to several small hills that overlook the 135-acre (546,000 m2) Chestnut Hill Reservoir rather than one particular hill.
Leucopogon unilateralis
Leucopogon unilateralis is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with oblong leaves and spikes of white, tube-shaped flowers arranged in small groups on the ends of branches and in upper leaf axils.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Frank Reicher
Frank Reicher (born Franz Reichert; December 2, 1875 – January 19, 1965) was a German-born American actor, director and producer. He is best known for playing Captain Englehorn in the 1933 film King Kong.

Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye (film)
Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye is a 1950 film noir starring James Cagney, directed by Gordon Douglas, produced by William Cagney and based on the novel by Horace McCoy.  The film was banned in Ohio as "a sordid, sadistic presentation of brutality and an extreme presentation of crime with explicit steps in commission."

Supporting Cagney are Luther Adler as a crooked lawyer, and Ward Bond and Barton MacLane as two crooked cops.
SS Edgar E. Clark
SS Edgar E. Clark was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Edgar E. Clark, the chief executive of the Order of Railway Conductors, member of the Interstate Commerce Commission from 1906 to 1921, serving as its chairman from 1913 to 1914 and 1918 to 1921.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
DHCP churn
In computer networking, DHCP churn or IP churn is the rate at which hosts in a network change IP addresses using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).  IP churn is studied in the literature because it is a source of noise in internet measurement tasks, as it makes more difficult to estimate the unique number of users or devices connected to a network that visited a web page. Churn rates vary among different Internet service provider (ISP) networks, and especially in different countries.

Web page
A web page, or webpage, is a Web document that is accessed in a web browser. A website typically consists of many web pages linked together under a common domain name. The term "web page" is therefore a metaphor of paper pages bound together into a book.
Punta Secca
Punta Secca (Sicilian: Punta Sicca), locally nicknamed ’A Sicca, is a small southern Italian fishing village and hamlet (frazione) of Santa Croce Camerina, a municipality in the Province of Ragusa, Sicily. In 2011 it had a population of 226.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Amde Werq
Amdewerq (Amdework), (amdewerk) (Amharic "a pillar of gold") is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located in the Wag Hemra Zone of the Amhara Region, the town has a latitude and longitude of 12°20′N 38°45′E﻿ / ﻿12.333°N 38.750°E﻿ / 12.333; 38.750 with an elevation of 2421 meters above sea level. Amde Werq is the administrative centre of Dehana woreda. The word Dehana  means "poor" in Ethiopian (Amharic) language.

Wag Hemra Zone
Wag Hemra (Amharic: ዋግ ኽምራ) is a Zone in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Its name is a combination of the former province of Wag, and the dominant local ethnic group, the Kamyr (or "Hemra") Agaw. Wag Hemra is bordered on the south by Semien Wollo, on the southwest by Debub (South) Gondar, on the west by Semen (North) Gondar, and on the north and east by the Tigray Region. Towns in Wag Hemra include Soqota.
Guillermo Díaz Gea
Guillermo Díaz Gea (born 16 February 1944) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

He has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies on two occasions: in the 1991 mid-terms, to the 55th Congress, and in the 2000 general election, to the 58th Congress, both times representing the first district of Veracruz. He also served in the 52nd session of the Congress of Veracruz and as the municipal president of his hometown of Pánuco, Veracruz, in 1988–1991 and 1998–2000.

LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LVIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union of Mexico (58th Congress) met from 1 September 2000 to 31 August 2003. All 628 members of the two chambers of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Klaus Glahn
Klaus Glahn (born 23 March 1942) is a retired West German judoka who competed at the 1964 and 1972 Olympics. In 1964 he won a bronze medal in the openweight class while representing the United Team of Germany. Eight years later he won a silver medal for West Germany in the heavyweight category. Between 1967 and 1973 Glahn won five medals at World Championships in the heavyweight and open divisions. He also won three European heavyweight titles, in 1963, 1968 and 1970.

From 1985 to 1988 Glahn was president of the German Judo Federation. He also worked as a manager at Volkswagen Group.

In the 2000s Glahn was active in politics. He was a leading candidate from the Rentnerinnen- und Rentner-Partei (RRP) at the 2009 European Parliament election.

Judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics
The judo competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics was the first time the sport was included in the Summer Olympic Games. As a result, decades of judo being officially banned as an "imperialist sport" in the Soviet Union ended shortly before the Games started, as Soviet authorities prioritized winning medals above all else. The medals were awarded in 4 classes, and competition was restricted to men only. The competition was held in the Nippon Budokan, which was built to host the competition.
Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach
Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal approach is a textbook by H. Jerome Keisler. The subtitle alludes to the infinitesimal numbers of the hyperreal number system of Abraham Robinson and is sometimes given as An approach using infinitesimals. The book is available freely online and is currently published by Dover.

Abraham Robinson
Abraham Robinson (born Robinsohn; October 6, 1918 – April 11, 1974) was a mathematician who is most widely known for development of nonstandard analysis, a mathematically rigorous system whereby infinitesimal and infinite numbers were reincorporated into modern mathematics. Nearly half of Robinson's papers were in applied mathematics rather than in pure mathematics.
Chills
Chills is a feeling of coldness occurring during a high fever, but sometimes is also a common symptom which occurs alone in specific people. It occurs during fever due to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins as part of the inflammatory response, which increases the set point for body temperature in the hypothalamus. The increased set point causes the body temperature to rise (pyrexia), but also makes the patient feel cold or chills until the new set point is reached. Shivering also occurs along with chills because the patient's body produces heat during muscle contraction in a physiological attempt to increase body temperature to the new set point. When it does not accompany a high fever, it is normally a light chill.

Sometimes a chill of medium power and short duration may occur during a scare, especially in scares of fear, commonly interpreted like or confused by trembling.

Severe chills with violent shivering are called rigors.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
NGC 5643
NGC 5643 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Lupus. Based on the tip of the red-giant branch distance indicator, it is located at a distance of about 40 million light-years (12.5 megaparsecs). NGC 5643 has an active galactic nucleus and is a type II Seyfert galaxy.

Tip of the red-giant branch
Tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB) is a primary distance indicator used in astronomy. It uses the luminosity of the brightest red-giant-branch stars in a galaxy as a standard candle to gauge the distance to that galaxy. It has been used in conjunction with observations from the Hubble Space Telescope to determine the relative motions of the Local Cluster of galaxies within the Local Supercluster. Ground-based, 8-meter-class telescopes like the VLT are also able to measure the TRGB distance within reasonable observation times in the local universe.