hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.

Medal ribbon
A medal ribbon, service ribbon or ribbon bar is a small ribbon, mounted on a small metal bar equipped with an attaching device, which is generally issued for wear in place of a medal when it is not appropriate to wear the actual medal. Each country's government has its own rules on what ribbons can be worn in what circumstances and in which order. This is usually defined in an official document and is called "the order of precedence" or "the order of wearing."  In some countries (particularly in North America and in Israel), some awards are "ribbon only," having no associated medal.
Killian Larson
Killian Larson (born February 21, 1991) is an American retired basketball player.  He competed at the collegiate level with the Grand Canyon Antelopes men's basketball team and finished his senior season averaging the most rebounds per game in all of NCAA Division I and was tied for third nationally with 21 double-doubles. Larson also attended Dominican University of California, where he played for the basketball team and achieved prolific status.

Grand Canyon Antelopes men's basketball
The Grand Canyon Antelopes men's basketball team represents Grand Canyon University in Phoenix, Arizona. They are a member of the Mountain West Conference. They are led by head coach Bryce Drew and play their home games at Global Credit Union Arena. They made the jump to NCAA Division I and joined the WAC on July 1, 2013. And then joined the Mountain West on July 8, 2025, one year earlier than their expected 2026 departure.

During their time as a member of the NAIA, they were national champions in 1975, 1978, and 1988. Since joining Division I in 2013–14, the Antelopes have appeared four times in the NCAA Tournament, most recently in 2025.
Øresundslinjen
Øresundslinjen (Swedish: Öresundslinjen) is a ferry company serving the route between Helsingborg, Sweden and Helsingør, Denmark. Until 2018 the company was called HH-Ferries Group, and the trading name Scandlines was used. From 2018 to 2023 the name "ForSea Ferries" was used.

The Helsingør–Helsingborg ferry route crosses the narrowest part of the Øresund, taking about 20 minutes to traverse the 4-kilometre (2-nautical-mile) strait. The company owns five vessels, including the sister ships Tycho Brahe, Aurora af Helsingborg, and Hamlet, each of which has capacity for 240 cars and 1,250 passengers.

Helsingør
Helsingør (/ˌhɛlsɪŋˈɜːr/ HEL-sing-UR, Danish: [helse̝ŋˈøɐ̯ˀ]; classically known in English as Elsinore (/ˈɛlsɪnɔːr, ˌɛlsɪˈnɔːr/ EL-sin-or, -⁠OR), is a coastal city in northeastern Denmark. Helsingør Municipality had a population of 63,953 on 1 January 2025, making it the 23rd most populated municipality in Denmark. Helsingør is located at the narrowest part of the Øresund strait and together with Helsingborg in Sweden, forms the northern reaches of the Øresund Region, centred on Copenhagen and Malmö. Helsingør is a ferry city, with the frequent departures on the HH Ferry route, which connects Helsingør with Helsingborg, 4 km (2.5 mi) across the Øresund.

Its castle Kronborg was used by William Shakespeare as the setting for his play Hamlet.
Stoneham Firestation
The Stoneham Firestation is a historic fire station at Central and Emerson Streets in Stoneham, Massachusetts.  The two-story red brick Renaissance Revival building was built in 1916, and continues to serve as the town's central fire station.  Its most prominent feature is its four-story hose drying tower, which is reminiscent of Italian Renaissance-era towers.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and included as a contributing property to the Central Square Historic District in 1990.

Fire station
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.

In large U.S. cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the settlement, neighborhood or street where they are located, or given a number.
The Menhir
The Menhir (60°39′S 45°12′W﻿ / ﻿60.650°S 45.200°W﻿ / -60.650; -45.200) is an isolated pinnacle rock, 395 metres (1,300 ft) high, overlooking the west side of Gibbon Bay in eastern Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1956–58 and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959; a menhir is an upright monumental stone.

Menhir
A menhir (/ˈmɛnhɪər/; from Brittonic languages: maen or men, "stone" and hir or hîr, "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large upright stone, emplaced in the ground by humans, typically dating from the European middle Bronze Age. They can be found individually as monoliths, or as part of a group of similar stones. Menhirs' sizes can vary considerably, but they often taper toward the top.

Menhirs are found across Europe, Africa, and Asia, with a concentration in Western Europe, notably in Ireland, Great Britain, and Brittany. Theories concerning their purpose remain speculative, with hypotheses ranging from druidic rituals to territorial markers or elements of an ideological system. Some menhirs feature engravings, including anthropomorphic figures and symbols, and are often associated with ancient religious ceremonies and burial chambers.
Tour Jean-sans-Peur
The Tour Jean-sans-Peur or Tour de Jean sans Peur (French pronunciation: [tuʁ də ʒɑ̃ sɑ̃ pœʁ], Tower of John the Fearless), located in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, is the last vestige of the Hôtel de Bourgogne ([otɛl də buʁɡɔɲ]), the residence first of the Counts of Artois and then the Dukes of Burgundy. The tower contained bed chambers and the grand stairway of the original residence, which stood next to it. It was completed between 1409–1411 by Jean sans Peur. The original hôtel occupied about a hectare of land, the boundaries of which are now marked by the rues Étienne Marcel, Montorgueil, Saint-Sauveur, and Saint-Denis. The tower itself is located at 20 rue Étienne Marcel, in the courtyard of an elementary school. It is one of the best surviving examples of medieval residential architecture in Paris. The tower is open to the public and presents changing expositions on life in the Middle Ages.

Rue Saint-Denis (Paris)
The Rue Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: [ʁy sɛ̃ dəni]) is one of the oldest streets in Paris. Its route was first laid out in the 1st century by the Romans, and then extended to the north in the Middle Ages. From the Middle Ages to the present day, the street has been notorious as a place of prostitution. Its name derives from it being the historic route to Saint-Denis.

The street extends as far as the 1st arrondissement and the Rue de Rivoli to the south and as far as the 2nd arrondissement and the Boulevard Saint-Denis to the north. It runs parallel to the Boulevard de Sébastopol.
Medialab Matadero
The Medialab Matadero, formerly known as Medialab Prado, is a cultural space and citizen lab in Madrid (Spain). It was created by the Madrid City Council in 2000, growing since then into a leading center for citizen innovation. It follows a participatory approach, using collective intelligence methods (developed in living labs) and fast prototyping tools such as fab labs, to use and co-create digital commons.

Prix Ars Electronica
The Prix Ars Electronica is one of the best known and longest running yearly prizes in the field of electronic and interactive art, computer animation, digital culture and music. It has been awarded since 1987 by Ars Electronica (Linz, Austria).

In 2005, the Golden Nica, the highest prize, was awarded in six categories: "Computer Animation/Visual Effects," "Digital Musics," "Interactive Art," "Net Vision," "Digital Communities" and the "u19" award for "freestyle computing." Each Golden Nica came with a prize of €10,000, apart from the u19 category, where the prize was €5,000. In each category, there are also Awards of Distinction and Honorary Mentions.

The Golden Nica trophy is a replica of the Greek Nike of Samothrace. It is a handmade gold-plated wooden statuette that is approximately 35 cm high with a wingspan of about 20 cm.

"Prix Ars Electronica" is a phrase composed of French, Latin and Spanish words, loosely translated as "Electronic Arts Prize."
Selivanovsky (inhabited locality)
Selivanovsky (Russian: Селивановский; masculine), Selivanovskaya (Селивановская; feminine), or Selivanovskoye (Селивановское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Selivanovsky (rural locality), a village in Davletovsky Selsoviet of Abzelilovsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Selivanovskaya, Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Ryabovsky Selsoviet of Lensky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Selivanovskaya, Verkhnetoyemsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Fedkovsky Selsoviet of Verkhnetoyemsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Selivanovskaya, Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Konetsgorsky Selsoviet of Vinogradovsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Selivanovskaya, Rostov Oblast, a stanitsa in Selivanovskoye Rural Settlement of Milyutinsky District of Rostov Oblast

Stanitsa
A stanitsa or stanitza (/stəˈniːtsə/ stə-NEET-sə; Russian: станица [stɐˈnʲitsə] ⓘ), also spelled stanytsia (Ukrainian: станиця [stɐˈnɪtsʲɐ]) or stanitsa (Belarusian: станіца [staˈnʲitsa]), was a historical administrative unit of a Cossack host, a type of Cossack polity that existed in the Russian Empire.
High Blaithwaite railway station
High Blaithwaite railway station was in the former county of Cumberland, now Cumbria, England. It was a stop on the Bolton Loop (sometimes referred to as the "Mealsgate Loop") of the Maryport and Carlisle Railway.

The station served the hamlet of the same name.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
Volumetric lighting
Volumetric lighting, also known as "God rays", is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to add lighting effects to a rendered scene. It allows the viewer to see beams of light shining across the environment. Examples of volumetric lighting are seeing sunbeams shining through a window and seeing sunbeams radiating when the Sun is below the horizon, also known as crepuscular rays. The term seems to have been introduced from cinematography and is now widely applied to 3D modeling and rendering, especially in the development of 3D video games.

In volumetric lighting, the light cone emitted by a light source is modeled as a transparent object and considered as a container of a "volume". As a result, light has the capability to give the effect of passing through an actual three-dimensional aerosol (e.g. fog, dust, smoke, or steam) that is inside its volume, just like in the real world.

3D modeling
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.

Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning. Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping.
Botman
Botman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Janno Botman (born 2000), Dutch speed skater

Selma Botman (born 1950), American academic

Sven Botman (born 2000), Dutch footballer

Thembile Botman (born 1976), South African actor and businessman

Selma Botman
Selma Botman (born 1950) is an American academic. Her post at the University of Maine System (UMS) Chancellor's Office focused on expanding the systems international education programs, recruiting foreign students, and coordinating overseas faculty exchanges.

Botman was the President of the University of Southern Maine from July 1, 2008 to July 9, 2012. From Fall 2004 to June 2008, she served as the Executive Vice-Chancellor and University Provost of the City University of New York. Recently, Yeshiva University named Dr. Botman the University's next Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost.
Temple Sowerby railway station
Temple Sowerby railway station was a railway station 
situated on the Eden Valley Railway between Penrith and Kirkby Stephen East. It served the village of Temple Sowerby. The station opened to passenger traffic on 9 June 1862, and closed on 7 December 1953. It is now a private residence.

Penrith railway station
Penrith North Lakes (also shortened to Penrith) is a railway station on the West Coast Main Line, which runs between London Euston and Glasgow Central. Situated 17 miles 69 chains (28.7 km) south of Carlisle, it serves the market town of Penrith, in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by Avanti West Coast.
Isle of Wight Festival 2010
The Isle of Wight Festival 2010 was the ninth revived Isle of Wight Festival to be held at Seaclose Park in Newport on the Isle of Wight. The event ran from 11 until 13 June 2010. Tickets were released on Friday 4 December 2009.

The 2010 event was the last in the current contract with the Isle of Wight Council to take place, tying in with the last event for Festival First, guaranteeing festival-goers a ticket for three years. Event organisers Solo are in discussion with the Isle of Wight Council to seal a deal to guarantee the Festival continue for a further ten years.

The first acts were confirmed as Jay-Z, The Strokes, Blondie, Pink, Squeeze and Orbital.

Seaclose Park
Seaclose Park is a large parkland site situated to the North East of Newport on the Isle of Wight. It lies on the eastern banks of the River Medina. It has a variety of features which are available free to the community of the Island and to visitors. The features of the park include a skate park, three tennis courts, one cricket pitch and wicket, one bowling green, three netball courts and two five-a-side pitches. The park is along Fairlee Road, linking Newport to East Cowes and Ryde.

Seaclose Park is the site of the revived Isle of Wight Festival and as such, it has received great publicity and investment to maintain its condition for the festival.

For 16 December 2009, the park was transformed to a Winter Wonderland after coming top in a competition held by Nokia, with nearly 2,400 votes to have it held on the island.
Grifo di Tancredi
Grifo di Tancredi (active 1271–1312) was an Italian painter who was likely born in Florence. Little biographical history is known for this painter, and one existing work, a triptych at the National Gallery of Scotland, has been attributed to him on the basis of inscriptions. He was active in Volterra by 1271, and later moved to Florence. He was previously cited as the Master of San Gaggio.

In 1271, Grifo rented a workshop in Volterra together with Filippo di Jacopo. He appears to have worked on painting the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia in 1281. By 1295, he had moved to Florence, and enrolled in the painters’ guild sometime between 1297 and 1312. In 1303 he executed a now-lost painting in the Palazzo Vecchio, commemorating a political event of the day. Grifo is considered a follower of Giotto.

Palazzo Vecchio
The Palazzo Vecchio (Italian: [paˈlattso ˈvɛkkjo]; Italian for 'Old Palace') is the town hall of Florence, Italy. It overlooks the Piazza della Signoria, which holds a copy of Michelangelo's David statue, and the gallery of statues in the adjacent Loggia dei Lanzi.

Originally called the Palazzo della Signoria, after the Signoria of Florence, the ruling body of the Republic of Florence, this building was also known by several other names: Palazzo del Popolo, Palazzo dei Priori, and Palazzo Ducale, in accordance with the varying use of the palace during its long history. The building acquired its current name when the Medici duke's residence was moved across the Arno River to the Palazzo Pitti.
Revue Médicale de Bruxelles
The Revue Médicale de Bruxelles (English: Medical Journal of Brussels) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Association des Médecins issus de l'Université libre de Bruxelles. It covers all aspects of medicine, especially as relevant "for the continuing-education training of specialists and general practitioners". The editor-in-chief is Stéphane Louryan (Université libre de Bruxelles). The journal is published in French with bilingual abstracts (French and English). It was established in 1896 as Journal Médical de Bruxelles until 1914 ceasing publication during World War I. The journal resumed in 1921 until a new title, Bruxelles Médical. It obtained its current title in 1944, with volume numbering restarting at 1 in 1980.

Université libre de Bruxelles
The Université libre de Bruxelles (French, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite libʁ də bʁysɛl]; lit. Free University of Brussels; abbreviated ULB) is a French- and English-speaking research university in Brussels, Belgium. It has three campuses: the Solbosch/Solbos campus (in the City of Brussels and Ixelles), the La Plaine/Het Plein campus (in Ixelles) and the Erasme/Erasmus campus (in Anderlecht).

The Université libre de Bruxelles was formed in 1969 by the splitting of the Free University of Brussels, which was founded in 1834 by the lawyer and liberal politician Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen. The founder aimed to establish a university independent from state and church, where academic freedom would prevail. This is still reflected in the university's motto Scientia vincere tenebras, or "Conquering darkness through science".

In 2012, the ULB had about 24,200 students, a diverse student population as well as a diverse staff.
Custos Rotulorum of Roscommon
Custos rotulorum (plural: custodes rotulorum; Latin for "keeper of the rolls") is the keeper of a county's records and, by virtue of that office, the highest civil officer in the county.

This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of County Roscommon.

Robert King, 1st Baron Kingsborough (died 1755)

1772–1797: Edward King, 1st Earl of Kingston

1797–1799: Robert King, 2nd Earl of Kingston

1806–>1819: Robert King, 1st Viscount Lorton (died 1854)

For post-1831 custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Roscommon

Custos rotulorum
Custos rotulorum (/ˈkʌstɒs roʊtjʊˈlɔːrəm/; plural: custodes rotulorum; Latin for "keeper of the rolls", Neo-Latin: [ˈkus.tos roˈtuː.lo.rum]) is a civic post that is recognised in the United Kingdom (except Scotland) and in Jamaica.
Melsele
Melsele is a town in the Belgian province of East Flanders, between the city of Beveren and the nearby town of Zwijndrecht. Tram route 3 which starts just outside the town connects it to Zwijndrecht and Antwerp. The town's road links include the E17 (France - Antwerp) and the E34 (Knokke-Heist - Antwerp).

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
Wilkins Township, Pennsylvania
Wilkins Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 6,357 at the 2010 census. It is served by Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district, the 43rd District of the Pennsylvania State Senate, and the 34th District of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives.

Wilkins Township was named for William Wilkins (1779–1865), a politician from Pennsylvania who served in both houses of Congress and as U.S. Secretary of War.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Jean-Pierre Gury
Jean-Pierre Gury (23 January 1801 in Mailleroncourt, Haute-Saône – 18 April 1866 in Mercœur, Haute-Loire) was a French Jesuit moral theologian. He is accounted one of the restorers of the old casuistic method, a fact that made him worthy of personifying the "Jesuit Moral" in the eyes of some, who, especially in Germany, attacked his doctrine. An ardent follower of Hermann Busenbaum and of Alphonsus Ligouri, he contributed largely towards the final defeat of Jansenism.

Casuistry
Casuistry (/ˈkæzjuɪstri/ KAZ-ew-iss-tree) is a process of reasoning for resolving an ethical dilemma (moral problem) either by extracting or by extending abstract rules from a particular case of conscience, and reapplying those abstract rules to other, different ethical dilemmas. Casuistry is a method of reasoning common to applied ethics and jurisprudence. Moreover, in philosophy, the term casuistry is a pejorative criticism of the use of clever, but unsound reasoning, especially in ethical questions, as in the case of sophistry. As a method of reasoning, casuistry is both the:

Study of cases of conscience and a method of solving conflicts of obligations by applying general principles of ethics, religion, and moral theology to particular and concrete cases of human conduct. This frequently demands an extensive knowledge of natural law and equity, civil law, ecclesiastical precepts, and an exceptional skill in interpreting these various norms of conduct ...