hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Levan polysaccharide
Levan is a naturally occurring fructan present in many plants and microorganisms. This polymer is made up of fructose, a monosaccharide sugar, connected by β(2→6) glycosidic linkages. Levan can have both branched and linear structures of relatively low molecular weight. Branched levan forms a very small, sphere-like structure with basal chains 9 units long. The β(2→1) branching allows methyl ethers to form and create a spherical shape. The ends of levan also tend to contain a glucosyl residue. Branched levan tends to be more stable than linear polysaccharides. However, the amount of branching and length of polymerization tends to vary among different species. The shortest levan is 6-kestose, a chain of two fructose molecules and a terminal glucose molecule.

Fructose
Fructose (/ˈfrʌktoʊs, -oʊz/), or fruit sugar, is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar. It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose.
Fructose is found in honey, tree and vine fruits, flowers, berries, and most root vegetables.
Tiziana Di Matteo (astrophysicist)
Tiziana M. Di Matteo is an astrophysicist and cosmologist. Born in Italy and educated in Canada and England, she has worked in Germany and the US; she directs the McWilliams Center for Cosmology & Astrophysics at Carnegie Mellon University, where she is a professor of physics. Her research has involved the computer simulation of galaxy formation and evolution, galaxy mergers, the effects of these mergers on the growth of the supermassive black hole at the centers of galaxies, and the effects of these black holes on the growth of the galaxies that surround them.

Galaxy formation and evolution
In cosmology, the study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, as a result of tiny quantum fluctuations in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The simplest model in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Lambda-CDM model—that is, clustering and merging allows galaxies to accumulate mass, determining both their shape and structure. Hydrodynamics simulation, which simulates both baryons and dark matter, is widely used to study galaxy formation and evolution.
HMS Jaseur
Six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Jaseur, the name coming from the French for the waxwing.

HMS Jaseur (1807) was a 12-gun brig-sloop that Bombay captured off the Andaman Islands in 1807. She foundered, with the loss of her whole crew, in 1808.

HMS Jaseur (1813) was a Cruizer-class brig-sloop launched in 1813 and sold in 1847.

HMS Jaseur (1857) was a wood screw gunboat launched in 1857 and wrecked in 1859.

HMS Jaseur (1862) was a Philomel-class wood screw gunvessel launched in 1862 and sold in 1874 to the Commissioners of Irish Lights. Whether they renamed her and how long they kept her is unclear.

HMS Jaseur (1892) was a torpedo gunboat launched in 1892 and sold in 1905.

HMS Jaseur (1944) was an Algerine-class minesweeper launched in 1944 and sold for breaking up in 1956.

Algerine-class minesweeper
The Algerine-class minesweeper was a large group of minesweepers built for the Royal Navy (RN) and the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) during the Second World War. 110 ships of the class were launched between 1942 and 1944.
Wendener Hütte
Wendener Hütte is a retired Industrial Age ironworks and hammer mill located near Wenden, Germany. The complete site, supported and run by Museumsverein Wendener Hütte e.V., is open to visitors from April to October.

Industrial Age
The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the changes in economic and social organization that began around 1760 in Great Britain and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines such as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments.

While it is commonly believed that the Industrial Age was supplanted by the Information Age in the late 20th century, a view that has become common since the Revolutions of 1989, much of the Third World economy is still based on manufacturing, although mobile phones are now commonplace even in the poorest of countries, enabling access to global information networks. Even though many developing countries remain largely industrial, the Information Age is increasingly on the ground.
2010 Kentucky Senate election
The 2010 Kentucky Senate election was held on November 2, 2010. The Republican and Democratic primary elections were held on May 18. Half of the senate (all even-numbered seats) were up for election. Republicans increased their majority in the chamber, gaining two seats.

A numbered map of the senate districts at the time can be viewed here.

Jerry Rhoads
Jerry P. Rhoads (born April 5, 1941) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky Senate from 2003 to 2015. Rhoads was first elected in 2002 following retirement of incumbent senator Dick Adams. He did not seek reelection in 2014 and was succeeded by Republican C. B. Embry.
XHTML+MathML+SVG
XHTML+MathML+SVG is a W3C standard that describes an integration of MathML and Scalable Vector Graphics semantics with XHTML and Cascading Style Sheets.  It is categorized as "obsolete" on the W3C's HTML Current Status page.

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of technical standards for the World Wide Web. As of May 2025, W3C has 350 members. The organization has been led by CEO Seth Dobbs since October 2023. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
Charles Glacier
Charles Glacier (72°34′S 3°26′W﻿ / ﻿72.567°S 3.433°W﻿ / -72.567; -3.433) is a small, steep glacier draining the south side of Borg Mountain, in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and from air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and named for Charles W. Swithinbank, a glaciologist with NBSAE.

Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (also known as NBSX or NBSAE) (1949–1952) was the first Antarctica expedition involving an international team of scientists. The team members came from Norway, Sweden and the British Commonwealth of Nations.
MV Empire Beacon
Empire Beacon was an 872 GRT coaster which was built in 1941. She was owned by the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and managed by John Stewart & Co (Shipping) Ltd. Empire Beacon struck a mine and sank off St. Ann's Head, Pembrokeshire on 5 April 1942.

Coastal trading vessel
Coastal trading vessels, also known as coasters or skoots, are shallow-hulled merchant ships used for transporting cargo along a coastline. Their shallow hulls mean that they can get through reefs where deeper-hulled seagoing ships usually cannot (26-28 feet), but as a result they are not optimized for the large waves found on the open ocean. Coasters can load and unload cargo in shallow ports.

For European inland waterways they are limited in size by the navigable dimensions of those waterways. E.g. ships on the French waterways are limited to the Freycinet gauge of 38.5m length, 5.05m breadth, and 2.5m  draft.
The Angels (album)
The Angels is the first album by Australian hard rock band, The Angels, which was released in August 1977. It was produced by Vanda & Young (The Easybeats) at Sydney's Albert Studios. It included a re-recorded version of their debut single, "Am I Ever Gonna See Your Face Again" (March 1976) and provided their second single, "You're a Lady Now", in July 1977. By the mid-1980s "Am I Ever Gonna See Your Face Again" had developed a cult status with the audience responding with "No way, get fucked, fuck off!"

John Brewster (musician)
John Carrington Brewster-Jones  (born 9 November 1949) is an Australian guitarist who has played in a number of Australian rock bands, including The Angels and The Party Boys. His father and grandfather Hooper Brewster-Jones were notable musicians.
Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade
The Belfast Brigade of the Provisional IRA was the largest of the organisation's brigades, based in the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland.

The nucleus of the Belfast Brigade emerged in the divisions within Belfast republicans in the closing months of 1969, and was formally established in January 1970 as the structures of the new dissident group were created after splitting from the Official IRA.

The brigade was organised along geographical lines into three battalions:

The first battalion covered the Upper Falls, Ballymurphy and Andersonstown

The second battalion covered the Lower Falls, Clonard and the Divis Flats

And the third battalion covered The Bone and the Short Strand.

Danny Morrison (Irish republican)
Daniel Gerard Morrison (born 9 January 1953) is an Irish former Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer, author and activist who played a crucial role in public events during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. An Irish republican, Morrison is also a former Sinn Féin publicity director and editor of Republican News and An Phoblacht. He is the secretary of the Bobby Sands Trust and current chairman of Féile an Phobail, the largest community arts festival in Ireland.
Pierre-Émile Launois
Pierre-Émile Launois (24 July 1856 – 18 March 1914) was a French physician born in Moiremont, a commune in the department of Marne.

He studied in Reims and Paris, where in 1885 he earned his medical doctorate. He became médecin des hôpitaux in 1895, and professeur agrégé of histology in 1898. Afterwards he worked at the Hôpital Lariboisière.

Launois published several articles in the field of histology, but is primarily known for his studies involving the pituitary gland. His name is lent to "Launois' syndrome", which is also referred to as pituitary gigantism. In 1910, with M. Cléret, he described "syndrome hypophysaire adiposo-génital", known today as adiposogenital dystrophy, a disorder associated with an adenohypophysial tumour or lesions of the hypothalamus.

With Raoul Bensaude (1866–1938), he described multiple symmetrical lipomatosis, a disease sometimes known as "Launois-Bensaude syndrome".

Lariboisière Hospital
Lariboisière Hospital (French: Hôpital Lariboisière, pronounced [opital laʁibwazjɛʁ]) is a hospital in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, France.

The hospital was one of several built following the second cholera pandemic, which had reached Paris in 1832, and which led to a new emphasis on hygienic practices in hospitals. It was built from 1846 to 1853 under architect Pierre Gauthier, with six buildings arranged around a central courtyard, connected by colonnaded walkways. The grounds include the funeral monument, by Carlo Marochetti, of Élisa de Lariboisière, who donated a large portion of the funds for the hospital's construction.

It is a teaching hospital of Université Paris Cité.

(See also:Chapel of Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris)
1977 Chicago Loop derailment
The 1977 Chicago Loop derailment occurred on February 4, 1977, when a Chicago Transit Authority elevated train rear-ended another on the northeast corner of the Loop at Wabash Avenue and Lake Street during the evening rush hour. The collision forced the first four cars of the rear train off the elevated tracks, killing 11 people and injuring at least 268 as the cars fell onto the street below.

Derailment
In rail transport, a derailment is a type of railway accident that occurs when a moving rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway system and they are a potentially serious hazard.

A derailment of a train can be caused by a collision with another object, operator error (such as excessive speed through a curve), mechanical failure of tracks (such as broken rails) or wheels, among other causes. In emergency situations, deliberate derailment with derails or catch points is sometimes used to prevent a more serious accident.
Larry Alexander (politician)
Lawrence R. "Larry" Alexander (June 10, 1950 – November 6, 2012) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born on June 10, 1950, in Gardner, Massachusetts, Alexander received his bachelor's degree from Yale University and his Juris Doctor degree from Boston University School of Law. He was a member of the Massachusetts bar. Alexander wrote newspaper articles and a novel. He served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1979 to 1991 as a Democrat.

Boston University School of Law
The Boston University School of Law (BU Law) is the law school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston. Established in 1872, it is the third-oldest law school in New England, after Harvard Law School and Yale Law School. Approximately 630 students are enrolled in the full-time J.D. degree program (approximately 210 per class) and about 350 in the school's five LLM degree programs. BU Law was one of the first law schools in the country to admit students to study law regardless of race or gender.
GTV (Australian TV station)
GTV is a commercial television station in Melbourne, Australia, owned by the Nine Network. The station is currently based at studios at 717 Bourke Street, Docklands. GTV-9 is the home of the Australian Open tennis coverage.

Tracy Grimshaw
Tracy Grimshaw (born 3 June 1960) is an Australian former journalist and television presenter.

Grimshaw is best known for her work with the Nine Network where she was the host of A Current Affair from 2006 to 2022 and the co-host of Today from 1996 until 2005.

Grimshaw returned to the network in 2024 to host a new medical program, Do You Want to Live Forever?
Paul Harvey Deming House
The Paul Harvey Deming House (also known as "Cherryhurst") was a private residence located at 111 Lake Shore Rd. in Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1996 and demolished in 1997.

Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan
Grosse Pointe Farms is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 10,148 at the 2020 census.

As part of the Grosse Pointe collection of cities, it is a northeastern city of Metro Detroit and shares a small western border with the city of Detroit.  Grosse Pointe Farms was originally incorporated as a village in 1893 and again as a city in 1949.
Heuberg Railway
The Heuberg Railway (Heubergbahn) was a 17.9 kilometres (11.1 mi) standard gauge railway line in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. The line operated between 1928 and 1966, and ran from Spaichingen, past five railway stations and a stop to Reichenbach am Heuberg. The line was originally planned as a narrow-gauge line through Reichenbach and Egesheim to Nusplingen.  It was significant in the development and industrialization of the communities of the Heuberg plateau.

Großer Heuberg
Großer Heuberg (Great Heuberg) or Grosser Heuberg, often simply called Heuberg (Swabian: Haiberg), is the name of a sparsely populated plateau in the southwestern Swabian Jura with mountains of about 1,000 metres above sea level or even higher. The word beginning Heu is German for hay, which was the major income source for the inhabitants in recent times and is until today formative for the landscape of the Heuberg. The word ending berg means mountain.
James Stoddart Duff
James Stoddart Duff (June 20, 1856 – November 17, 1916) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Simcoe West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1898 to 1916.

He was born near Cookstown, Canada East, the son of John Duff, an Irish immigrant, and Eliza Jane Stoddart. Duff was educated at Collingwood College. He married Jane Bell Stoddard. He served on the municipal council for Essa Township. Duff ran unsuccessfully against Archibald S. Currie in 1894 before defeating Currie in 1898. He was Minister of Agriculture from 1908 to 1916. Duff died in office in Alliston, Ontario at the age of 60.

Alliston
Alliston is a settlement in Simcoe County in the Canadian province of Ontario. It has been part of the Town of New Tecumseth since the 1991 amalgamation of Alliston and nearby villages of Beeton, Tottenham, and the Township of New Tecumseth. The primary downtown area is located along Highway 89, known as Victoria Street.

The town grew as a commercial centre for the area farmers and was best known as a potato-growing area. It is still a major industry in the town and is celebrated by the annual Alliston Potato Festival. Honda of Canada Manufacturing operates a large auto manufacturing facility southeast of Alliston, currently consisting of three major factories.
Cleitarchus of Aegina
Cleitarchus (Ancient Greek: Κλείταρχος ἐξ Αἰγίνης), originally from Aegina, was a grammarian and lexicographer active in either the 1st or 2nd century BC. He wrote a seven-book treatise titled "Languages" or "On Languages", in which he presented the peculiarities of various Greek dialects and interpreted a multitude of idiomatic words, as well as words derived from specialized professional glossaries.

Cleitarchus and his work are mentioned by Athenaeus, Proclus, Harpocration, and the Byzantine Etymologicum Magnum among others.

All the surviving fragments were collected and published in 1842 in Berlin.

Grammarian (Greco-Roman)
In the Greco-Roman world, the grammarian (Latin: grammaticus) was responsible for the second stage in the traditional education system, after a boy had learned his basic Greek and Latin. The job of the grammarian was to teach the ancient poets such as Homer and Virgil, and the correct way of speaking before a boy moved on to study under the rhetor. Despite often humble origins, some grammarians went on to achieve elevated positions in Rome, though few enjoyed financial success.
Red Skirts on Clydeside
Red Skirts on Clydeside is a British documentary film directed by Jenny Woodley and Christine Bellamy. Produced in 1984, it is the fifth made by the Sheffield Film Cooperative.

It follows the process of rediscovering women's histories, focusing on the Glasgow Rent Strikes of 1915 and four of the women involved: Helen Crawfurd, Agnes Dollan, Mary Barbour, Jean Fergusson.

The title plays on the name Red Clydeside, given to the period of political radicalism in Glasgow and other urban areas along the River Clyde during the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s, but suggesting the involvement of women.

Radical politics
Radical politics denotes the intent to transform or replace the fundamental principles of a society or political system, often through social change, structural change, revolution or radical reform. The process of adopting radical views is termed radicalisation.

The word radical derives from the Latin radix ("root") and Late Latin radicalis ("of or pertaining to the root, radical"). Historically, political use of the term referred exclusively to a form of progressive electoral reformism, known as Radicalism, that had developed in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. However, the denotation has changed since its 18th century coinage to comprehend the entire political spectrum, though retaining the connotation of "change at the root".
Mira Kaskinen
Mira Kaskinen  (born 4 July 1991) is a Finnish ski orienteering competitor.

She won a silver medal in the long distance at the 2015 World Ski Orienteering Championships, behind Josefine Engström. She placed fourth in the middle distance at the 2015 Championships, in a close race, only three seconds behind gold medalist Milka Reponen.

Josefine Engström
Josefine Engström (born 1 September 1986) is a Swedish ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. She won a gold medal in the relay at the 2009 World Ski Orienteering Championships, with team members Helene Söderlund and Marie Ohlsson, and a bronze medal in the middle distance event. She also won the gold medal during the 2015 World Championships long distance event.
Minorca, Louisiana
Minorca is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,317. It is located in northeastern Concordia Parish, bordered on the east by the city of Vidalia.

U.S. Routes 84 and 425 pass through the northern part of the CDP, leading east through Vidalia 5 miles (8 km) to Natchez, Mississippi, and northwest 6 miles (10 km) to Ferriday. The Mississippi state line, following a former channel of the Mississippi River, is directly north of Minorca.

Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez (/ˈnætʃɪz/ NATCH-iz) is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade.

Natchez is approximately 90 miles (140 km) southwest of the capital of Jackson and 85 miles (137 km) north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 28th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the Natchez people, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period.
Train Valley
Train Valley is a puzzle-strategy train simulator video game developed by Flazm, released on September 16, 2015. It is available for download on Steam and iOS. A sequel, titled Train Valley 2, was released on March 29, 2018. Train Valley: Console Edition was released on PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and Xbox One on July 27, 2022.  A third game, titled Train Valley World, was released in 2024. A fourth game, titled Train Valley Origins, was released in 2025.

Train simulator
A train simulator (also railroad simulator or railway simulator) is a computer-based simulation of rail transport operations. They are generally large complicated software packages modeling a 3D virtual reality world implemented both as commercial trainers, and consumer computer game software with 'play modes' which lets the user interact by stepping inside the virtual world. Because of the near view modeling, often at speed, train simulator software is generally far more complicated software to write and implement than flight simulator programs.