hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gastric antral vascular ectasia
Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an uncommon cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anemia. The condition is associated with dilated small blood vessels in the gastric  antrum, which is a distal part of the stomach. The dilated vessels result in intestinal bleeding. It is also called watermelon stomach because streaky long red areas that are present in the stomach may resemble the markings on watermelon.

The condition was first discovered in 1952, and reported in the literature in 1953. Watermelon disease was first diagnosed by Wheeler et al. in 1979, and definitively described in four living patients by Jabbari et al. only in 1984. As of 2011, the cause and pathogenesis are still not known. However, there are several competing hypotheses as to various causes.

Blood vessel
Blood vessels  are the tubular structures of a circulatory system transporting blood in animal bodies. Blood vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to most of the tissues of a body, and also transport waste products and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. Some tissues – such as cartilage, epithelium, and the lens and cornea of the eye – are not supplied with blood vessels, so are termed avascular.

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and tissues occurs; the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart.

The word, vascular, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel, and is used in reference to blood vessels.
Lądek-Zdrój
Lądek-Zdrój [ˈlɔndɛɡ ˈzdruj] (Czech: Landek; German: Bad Landeck), known in English as Landek, is a spa town situated in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, southwestern Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Lądek-Zdrój, close to the Czech border. As of 2019, the town has a population of 5,572.

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
Paris to Pittsburgh
Paris to Pittsburgh is a 2018 television documentary film about climate change directed by National Geographic filmmaker Sidney Beaumont and documentarian Michael Bonfiglio and produced by Bloomberg Philanthropies, National Geographic and RadicalMedia. The film is narrated by Rachel Brosnahan.

The film was first broadcast on December 12, 2018, in the United States on National Geographic.

Bloomberg Philanthropies
Bloomberg Philanthropies is a philanthropic organization that encompasses all of the charitable giving of founder Michael R. Bloomberg. Headquartered in New York City, Bloomberg Philanthropies focuses its resources on five areas: the environment, public health, the arts, government innovation and education. According to the Foundation Center, Bloomberg Philanthropies was the 10th largest foundation in the United States in 2015, the last year for which data was available. Bloomberg has pledged to donate the majority of his wealth, currently estimated at more than $54 billion. Patti Harris is the CEO of Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Wolfgang Benedek
Wolfgang Benedek (born 14 February 1951 in Knittelfeld, Styria) is an Austrian jurist and author.

Benedek is an emeritus university professor of public international law. He was head of the Institute for International Law and International Relations at the University of Graz from 2003 to 2016 and is co-founder of the ETC Graz (European Training and Research Center for Human Rights and Democracy) and the European Training and Research Center for Human Rights and Democracy at the University of Graz (UNI-ETC) and long-time chairman of WUS Austria. He is married and father of two children.

Knittelfeld
Knittelfeld (German: [ˈknitl̩ˌfɛlt]) is a city in Styria, Austria, located on the banks of the Mur river.

The name of the town has become notorious for the Knittelfeld Putsch of September 7, 2002, a party meeting of the Freedom Party of Austria, which resulted in the 2002 Austrian elections.
Turtulla, Thurles
Turtulla is a townland in the civil parish of Thurles, County Tipperary. It is a little over 34 acres in extent.
Just across the river, there is another, much larger, townland of the same name which belongs to Fertiana civil parish.

Turtulla (Thurles) contains an island in the River Suir, at the northern end of which there used to be a flour mill.

Fertiana
Fertiana is a civil parish in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is part of the historical barony of Eliogarty. It has 3,397 statute acres divided into seven townlands:

Turtulla

Cabragh

Cloghmartin

Clohoge

Fertiana

Galbertstown Lower

Galbertstown Upper
Gene pyramiding
Gene pyramiding is the simultaneous selection for and/or introduction of multiple genes during plant breeding. Objectives of gene pyramiding includes 1) enhancing trait performance by combining two or more complementary genes, 2) remedying deficits by introgressing genes from other sources, 3) increasing the durability. For example, pyramiding has been successfully demonstrated in Oryza sativa for rice blast, producing durable multi-race resistance simultaneously. Pyramiding and Marker Assisted Selection can be combined as Marker-Assisted Pyramiding. Gene stacking can be achieved a few different ways, and pyramiding is one of those methods.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.

Oryza sativa belongs to the genus Oryza and the BOP clade in the grass family Poaceae. With a genome consisting of 430 Mbp across 12 chromosomes, it is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for the study of the biology of cereals and monocots.
Angel of the Morning (album)
Angel of the Morning, released in 1981, is the debut album of Norwegian singer Elisabeth Andreassen, and the first of several solo albums. Previously, she sang with Mats Rådberg on his album I'm the Singer, You're the Song (1980). Angel of the Morning contains songs in both Swedish and English, including "Angel of the Morning", which Andreassen released in the early 1980s, and the hit "Då lyser en sol". The album reached approximately 20,000 sales in Sweden, equivalent to selling gold in Norway. It peaked at #46 at the Swedish album chart.

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Casey Blake
William Casey Blake (born August 23, 1973) is an American former professional baseball third baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, Minnesota Twins, Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, and Los Angeles Dodgers. He had alternated between playing at third base and first base before becoming a full-time third baseman with the Indians. In 2005, Blake moved to right field to accommodate the Indians' signing of third baseman Aaron Boone, and stayed there for two seasons before moving back to third base.

Blake was drafted twice prior to signing with the Blue Jays: in 1992, he was selected in the 11th round (305th overall) by the Philadelphia Phillies and in 1995, he was taken by the New York Yankees during the 45th round (1,259th overall).

1992 Major League Baseball draft
The 1992 Major League Baseball draft took place on June 1, 1992, through a conference call involving all 28 MLB teams of the time. Phil Nevin of Cal State Fullerton was the first overall selection, chosen by the Houston Astros. Derek Jeter, selected for the National Baseball Hall of Fame in January 2020, was selected by the New York Yankees with the sixth selection. In addition to Nevin, Paul Shuey, B. J. Wallace, Jeffrey Hammonds, and Chad Mottola were selected ahead of Jeter.
Barry Morgan (character)
Barry Morgan is the eponymous character in Barry Morgan's World of Organs, a stage show based on a fictional electronic organ salesman from Adelaide portrayed by Australian musician and comedian Stephen Teakle.  Barry Morgan's World of Organs has appeared at the New Zealand International Comedy Festival and the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, and has been a guest on ABC1's Spicks and Specks, ABC2's The Marngrook Footy Show and on FIVEaa radio.

FIVEAA
FIVEAA (pronounced Five Double A; callsign 5AA) is Adelaide's only commercial talkback radio station. The station has a range of programs including news, sports, current affairs, social issues, football calls, gardening, lifestyle, cars, travel and health. It is owned by Nova Entertainment.
Saad Surour
Saad Surour Mas'ud Surour Beniyas (Arabic: سعد سرور مسعود سرور بني ياس, born 19 July 1990) is an Emirati professional football player who plays as a defender for the United Arab Emirates national football team. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

United Arab Emirates national football team
The United Arab Emirates national football team (Arabic: منتخب الإمَارَاتُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ الْمُتَّحِدَة لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents United Arab Emirates in men's international football and serves under the auspices of the country's Football Association.

It has made one FIFA World Cup appearance in 1990 in Italy and lost all three of its games. United Arab Emirates took fourth place in the 1992 AFC Asian Cup and runner-up in 1996 as host. It won the Arabian Gulf Cup in 2007 and 2013. It finished third in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup and hosted the 2019 edition in which it was eliminated in the semi-finals.
Barvinkiv
Barvinkiv (Ukrainian: Барвінків) is a village in the Biloberizka rural hromada of the Verkhovyna Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Verkhovyna Raion (1940–2020) on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Verkhovyna Raion.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
Tana Talk 3
Tana Talk 3 is the debut studio album by American rapper Benny the Butcher.
It was released on November 23, 2018 through Griselda Records and Black Soprano Family.
The album is exclusively produced by The Alchemist and Daringer.
It features guest appearances by labelmates Conway the Machine and Westside Gunn and other appearances by Keisha Plum, Meyhem Lauren, Melanie Rutherford and Royce da 5'9".

Griselda Records
Griselda Records (also Griselda x Fashion Rebels; GXFR) is an American independent Hip-hop record label based in Buffalo, New York. It was founded by rapper Westside Gunn, his brother Conway the Machine, and Mach-Hommy in 2012. In addition to the founding members, Benny the Butcher and in-house producer Daringer make up the flagship artists of the Griselda Records roster.

The name Griselda comes from drug lord Griselda Blanco. "Griselda" also refers to a loose-knit hip-hop collective composed of the core signees of the label, amongst others. The collective's de facto leader is the label's founder Westside Gunn. To date, Griselda has two releases as a collective: the extended play Don't Get Scared Now in 2016 and debut album WWCD in 2019.
Abbatucci
Abbatucci is a surname of Corsican and Italian origin, especially from Zicavo. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacques Pierre Abbatucci (military officer) (1723–1813), Corsican officer

Jacques Pierre Abbatucci (minister) (1791–1857) Corsican-born French politician

Jean Charles Abbatucci (1770–1796), Corsican-born French general

Jean-Charles Abbatucci (politician) (1816–1885), Corsican politician

Jacques Pierre Abbatucci (military officer)
Jacques Pierre Abbatucci (Geacoms Petro Abbatucci) (7 September 1723 in Zicavo, Corsica – 17 March 1813 in Ajaccio) was a Corsican who became an officer in the army of Genoese Corsica, Ancien regime France and the First French Republic.
Master of the Altarpiece of the Ten Commandments
The Master of the Altarpiece of the Ten Commandments (German: Meister der Zehngebotetafel) was a German painter active in the region of Göttingen at the beginning of the fifteenth century.  His name is derived from a portable altarpiece, depicting the Ten Commandments, which is believed to have at one time stood in the chapel of the Sacred Heart in Saint James Church in Göttingen, constructed in 1319.

Only the central part of the painting survives, today in the history museum in Hannover; it depicts six scenes in two registers, showing the second, third, fourth, seventh, eight, and ninth Commandments.  The wings, illustrating the other four, are now lost.  At the top of the composition is a half-length figure of Christ holding a scroll on which are inscribed the Commandments.

The work is widely described as the first depiction of the Ten Commandments on wooden panels. It was described as a "sumptuous achievement".

James the Great
James the Great (Koine Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Classical Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died c. 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, after Judas Iscariot, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed to be his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.

He is also known as James, son of Zebedee, James, brother of John, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, St. James Son of Thunder, St. James the Major, Saint James the Elder, or Saint Jacob, James the Apostle or Santiago.
Sean Friars
Sean Friars (born 15 May 1979) is a football coach and former player. He is the assistant manager of NIFL Championship club Institute and works for the Depaul Foyle Haven Centre, which helps people afflicted by addiction issues and homelessness in Derry. As a former addict he is now fully focused on helping people struggling with some of the demons that wrecked his own football career.

His brother Emmet also played as a defender.

FAI Cup
The Football Association of Ireland Senior Challenge Cup (FAI Cup), known as the Sports Direct FAI Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a knock-out association football competition contested annually by teams from the Republic of Ireland (as well as Derry City from Northern Ireland). Organised by the FAI (Football Association of Ireland), the competition is currently sponsored by Sports Direct. It was known as the Free State Cup from 1923 to 1936. Shamrock Rovers hold the record of most wins with 26.

The current holders are Shamrock Rovers who won their 26th title on 9 November 2025, defeating Cork City 2–0 at the Aviva Stadium.
Tambunan (surname)
Tambunan is one of Toba Batak clans originating in North Sumatra, Indonesia. People of this clan bear the clan's name as their surname. Notable people of this clan include:

Albert Mangaratua Tambunan (1910–1970), Indonesian politician

Albertus Maruli Tambunan (1925–2019), Indonesian armed forces officer and politician

Ashari Tambunan (born 1956), Indonesian politician

Bahal Tambunan (born 1974), Indonesian geologist

Djamaluddin Tambunan (1922–2001), Indonesian bureaucrat and politician

Edward Wellington Pahala Tambunan (1928–2006), Indonesian military figure and politician

RO Tambunan (1935–2015), Indonesian lawyer and politician

RO Tambunan
Robert Odjahan Tambunan (24 July 1935 – 5 September 2015), known as RO Tambunan, was an Indonesian lawyer veteran and politician from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle.

Born in North Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Tambunan became famous when he became the lawyer of the Chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and for Megawati Sukarnoputri on the case of the invasion from the PDI office on July 27, 1996. The RO then led the Indonesian Democracy Defenders team (the defense team) from 1997 to 1999 that advocated the case. He died in September 2015 in Bekasi, West Java.
1991 Cheltenham Borough Council election
The 1991 Cheltenham Council election took place on 2 May 1991 to elect members of Cheltenham Borough Council in Gloucestershire, England. Due to local authority boundary changes a number of areas had been transferred from the Borough of Tewkesbury to the Borough of Cheltenham. Although most wards were unchanged, and continued to elect by thirds, three new wards were created, and had an all-up election: Leckhampton with Warden Hill, Prestbury and Swindon. Furthermore, the ward of Hatherley was abolished and recreated as Hatherley & The Reddings, and the number of councillors it elected was increased from three to four. This ward also had an all-out election.

Following the election, the Liberal Democrats took majority control of the council for the first time ever.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Liberal Democrat 25

Conservative 8

Labour 3

People Against Bureaucracy 3

Independent 2

Borough status in the United Kingdom
Borough status is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is no longer granted.
Heerhaufen
A Heerhaufen, also (Gewalt-)Haufen or Haufe, was the name given to unorganised or poorly organised paramilitary troops and auxiliaries in Central Europe during the Early Modern Period. The term is German and is sometimes translated "company" or "troops".

The term Haufe was used especially during the peasants' wars and Thirty Years' War for a body of men, sometimes of several thousand armed peasants or  Landsknechten, often with as part of a grassroots democracy movement (cf. the Heeresversammlungs of antiquity), and therefore more loosely organised than the smaller and strictly military units known as Fähnleins.

The well known German Youth Movement song "Wir sind des Geyers schwarze Haufen" ("We are Geyer's black Haufen") recalls the notion of the Haufen.

The German name for a forlorn hope is Verlorener Haufen ("Lost Haufen").

German Youth Movement
The German Youth Movement (German: Die deutsche Jugendbewegung) is a collective term for a cultural and educational movement that started in 1896. It consists of numerous associations of young people that focus on outdoor activities. The movement included German Scouting and the Wandervogel. By 1938, 8 million children had joined associations that identified with the movement.
Minoru Miki
Minoru Miki (Japanese: 三木 稔, 16 March 1930 – 8 December 2011) was a Japanese composer and Artistic director. He was known for promoting Japanese, Chinese and Korean traditional instruments as well as some of their performers.

In his catalogue these traditional instruments figure solo or in various types of ensembles, with and without Western instruments. His catalogue demonstrates a large stylistic and formal diversity including operas and other kinds of stage music; orchestral, concerto, chamber and solo music, as well as music for films. His work has found international recognition placing Miki in the company of other celebrated Japanese composers such as Tōru Takemitsu.

Minoru was a pioneer in the composition of contemporary classical music for large ensembles of traditional Japanese musical instruments. In 1964, he founded the Nihon Ongaku Shūdan (Pro Musica Nipponia ensemble), also known as Ensemble Nipponia, for which he has composed extensively.

Traditional Japanese musical instruments
Traditional Japanese musical instruments, known as wagakki (和楽器) in Japanese, are musical instruments used in the traditional folk music of Japan. They comprise a range of string, wind, and percussion instruments.
Maryland Route 702
Maryland Route 702 (MD 702) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  Known as Southeast Boulevard, the state highway runs 4.17 miles (6.71 km) from Interstate 695 (I-695) in Rosedale east to Back River Neck Road near Essex.  MD 702 is a controlled-access spur that serves Essex in southeastern Baltimore County.  The state highway was constructed as a freeway from I-695 to Old Eastern Avenue east of MD 150 in the early 1970s.  MD 702 was extended as a divided highway to its present terminus around 1990. Documentation from the Maryland State Highway Administration depict the highway as following an east–west alignment, but all signage indicates a north–south road.

Essex, Maryland
Essex is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Essex history dates back to 1909. The population was 40,505 in the 2020 census, up from 39,262 in the 2010 census.
Euphemus
In Greek mythology, Euphemus /juːˈfiːməs/ (Ancient Greek: Εὔφημος, Eὔphēmos, pronounced [eʊ̯́pʰɛːmos] "reputable") was counted among the Calydonian hunters and the Argonauts, and was connected with the legend of the foundation of Cyrene.

Cape Matapan
Cape Matapan (Greek: Κάβο Ματαπάς, Maniot dialect: Ματαπά), also called Cape Tainaron or Taenarum (Greek: Ακρωτήριον Ταίναρον), or Cape Tenaro, is situated at the end of the Mani Peninsula, in the Peloponnese in Greece. Cape Matapan is the southernmost point of mainland Greece, and the second southernmost point in mainland Europe. It separates the Messenian Gulf in the west from the Laconian Gulf in the east; it is on the migration route of birds headed to Africa.

Cape Taenarum in classical antiquity was the site of the city of Taenarum (Ancient Greek: Ταίναρον), now in ruins. In ancient Greek mythology the eponymous founder-hero of the city was Taenarus (Ταίναρος), who was credited with establishing the city's important temple of Poseidon.

Greeks used the expression "Tainarian evil" (Ancient Greek: Ταινάριον κακόν), meaning a great and unlawful evil affecting suppliants, as the Spartans killed the Helots who had fled into Tainaron and were suppliants in the temple of Poseidon.