hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hickman line
A Hickman line is a central venous catheter most often used for the administration of chemotherapy or other medications, as well as for the withdrawal of blood for analysis.  Some types are used mainly for the purpose of apheresis or dialysis. They have also been used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Hickman lines may remain in place for extended periods and are used when long-term intravenous access is required.

Long-term venous catheters became available in 1968, and the design was improved by Dr. John W. Broviac (b. 1942), a nephrologist based in East Lansing, Michigan, in 1973. Robert O. Hickman, after whom the system is named, further modified the principles in 1979 with subcutaneous tunneling and a Dacron cuff that formed an infection barrier. Dr. Robert O. Hickman (1927-2019) was a pediatric nephrologist at the Seattle Children's Hospital.

Subcutaneous tissue
The subcutaneous tissue (from Latin  subcutaneous 'beneath the skin'), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek 'beneath the skin'), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the layer are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The subcutaneous tissue is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the mesoderm's dermatome region. It consists primarily of loose connective tissue and contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis. It is a major site of fat storage in the body.

In arthropods, a hypodermis can refer to an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants.
Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Henry Julius (German: Heinrich Julius; 15 October 1564 – 30 July 1613), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1589 until his death. He also served as administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt from 1566 and of the Prince-Bishopric of Minden between 1582 and 1585.

Diocesan administrator
A diocesan administrator (also known as archdiocesan administrator, archiepiscopal administrator and eparchial administrator for the case, respectively, of an archdiocese, archeparchy, and eparchy) is a provisional ordinary of a Catholic particular church.
Coradion altivelis
Coradion altivelis, the highfin coralfish or highfin butterflyfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish from the family Chaetodontidae. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific region from the Andaman Sea and Sumatra east to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northwest Australia and the Great Barrier Reef.

This species can be found in coastal habitats including the seaward side of reefs, drop offs and quite shallow waters with silty substrates. They are omnivorous, although sponges comprise the major part of their diet. They form pairs for breeding.

Andaman Sea
The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and the west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal to its west by the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands.  Its southern end is at Breueh Island just north of Sumatra, with the Strait of Malacca further southeast.

Traditionally, the sea has been used for fishery and transportation of goods between the coastal countries and its coral reefs and islands, which are popular tourist destinations.  The fishery and tourist infrastructure was severely damaged by the December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
Reggio Emilia chess tournament
The Reggio Emilia chess tournament was an annual chess tournament held in Reggio Emilia, Italy. In Italian the tournament is called Torneo di Capodanno (New Year's tournament), as it used to start just after Christmas and end on the day of Epiphany (6 January). It was established as an annual event in 1958 by grandmaster Enrico Paoli.
In 1982/83 the tournament attracted a new sponsor and by the 1990s the tournament had gained significant international reputation, climaxing in the 1991/1992 edition. This was the first Category 18 tournament ever played; it was won by the 22-year-old Viswanathan Anand ahead of Garry Kasparov, Anatoly Karpov and Vassily Ivanchuk.

It was Italy's oldest and most renowned chess tournament. The tournament was usually played as a 10 to 16 player round-robin tournament. The announced 55th edition had to be canceled due to economic reasons.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Adit Gorawara
Adit Gorawara (born 21 December 2001) is an Indian-born Hong Kong cricketer. In November 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the ICC World Cup Challenge League B tournament in Oman. He captained the Hong Kong under-19 team at the Asian Cricket Council's Eastern Region tournament in July 2019 and was declared the Best Batsman of the tournament. Gorawara scored 220 runs at an average of 55, including three back-to-back fifties. He made his List A debut, for Hong Kong against Jersey, on 5 December 2019.

In May 2022, he was named in Hong Kong's side for the 2022 Uganda Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament. He was also named in Hong Kong’s side for the 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier B tournament.  He was ruled out of the 2022 Jersey Cricket World Cup Challenge League B and 2022 Asia Cup due to injury.

Jersey cricket team
The Jersey men's cricket team represents the Bailiwick of Jersey, a Crown dependency, in international cricket. They became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2005, and an associate member in 2007.
Thota Narasimham
Thota Narasimham is an Indian politician and a member of parliament from Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh. He won the 2014 Indian general election on a Telugu Desam Party ticket from Kakinada Lok Sabha seat, defeating his young rival Chalamalasetty Sunil of the YSRC.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.
Multiple displacement amplification
Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is a DNA amplification technique. This method can rapidly amplify minute amounts of DNA samples to a reasonable quantity for genomic analysis. The reaction starts by annealing random hexamer primers to the template: DNA synthesis is carried out by a high fidelity enzyme, preferentially Φ29 DNA polymerase. Compared with conventional PCR amplification techniques, MDA does not employ sequence-specific primers but amplifies all DNA, generates larger-sized products with a lower error frequency, and works at a constant temperature. MDA has been actively used in whole genome amplification (WGA) and is a promising method for application to single cell genome sequencing and sequencing-based genetic studies.

Polymerase
In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or half ladder replication.

A DNA polymerase from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7), is used in the polymerase chain reaction, an important technique of molecular biology.

A polymerase may be template-dependent or template-independent. Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is also known to have template independent and template dependent activities.
Gyrodactylus salaris
Gyrodactylus salaris, commonly known as salmon fluke, salmon killer, or the Norwegian salmon killer is a tiny monogenean ectoparasite which lives on the body surface of freshwater fish. This leech-like parasite has been implicated in the reduction of Atlantic salmon populations in the Norwegian fjords. It also parasitises other species, including rainbow trout. G. salaris requires fresh water, but can survive in brackish water for up to 18 hours.

The parasite is 0.5 mm (0.02 in) long, and cannot be seen with the naked eye, but it can be seen with a magnifying glass. On its posterior end is a haptor, a specialized organ for attaching to the host fish, which has sixteen hooks around its edge. The parasite is viviparous, that is, it produces live offspring. 
The parasites give birth to live young nearly as big as themselves and at this time, a further generation is already growing inside the neonates.

Magnifying glass
A magnifying glass is a convex lens—usually mounted in a frame with a handle—that is used to produce a magnified image of an object. A magnifying glass can also be used to focus light, such as to concentrate the Sun's radiation to create a hot spot at the focus for fire starting.

Evidence of magnifying glasses exists from antiquity. The magnifying glass is an icon of detective fiction, particularly that of Sherlock Holmes.

An alternative to a magnifying glass is a sheet magnifier, which comprises many very narrow concentric ring-shaped lenses, such that the combination acts as a single lens but is much thinner.
Prem Shankar Prasad
Prem Shankar Prasad also Known as Prem Shankar Yadav is an Indian Politician and a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly, representing the Baikunthpur Assembly constituency in the Gopalganj district in the state of Bihar. He is also a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal party.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
2020 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 2020 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship – known as the Liberty Insurance Camogie Championship for sponsorship reasons – is the premier inter-county competition of the 2020 camogie season.

The winners receive the O'Duffy Cup. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games, the tournament was delayed to the last months of the year, and was shortened to a season of twenty matches.

Instead original fixtures will be rescheduled for 2021 championships.

Camogie
Camogie (/kəˈmoʊɡi/ ⓘ kə-MOH-ghee; Irish: camógaíocht [kəˈmˠoːɡiːxt̪ˠ]) is an Irish stick-and-ball team sport played by women. It is played by 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities.

A variant of the game hurling (which is played by men only), it is organised by the Dublin-based Camogie Association (An Cumann Camógaíochta). The annual All Ireland Camogie Championship has a record attendance of 33,154, while average attendances in recent years are in the range of 15,000 to 18,000. The final is broadcast live, with a television audience of over 300,000.

UNESCO lists Camogie as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The game is referred to in Waiting for Godot by Irish playwright Samuel Beckett and in 'Fair Play' a detective novel by Irish author Louise Hegarty.
Voiceless retroflex fricative
A voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʂ⟩ which is a Latin letter s combined with a retroflex hook. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA letter is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook to the bottom of ⟨s⟩ (the letter used for the corresponding alveolar consonant). A distinction can be made between laminal, apical, and sub-apical articulations. Only one language, Toda, appears to have more than one voiceless retroflex sibilant, and it distinguishes subapical palatal from apical postalveolar retroflex sibilants; that is, both the tongue articulation and the place of contact on the roof of the mouth are different.

Postalveolar consonant
Postalveolar (post-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge. Articulation is farther back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate, the place of articulation for palatal consonants. Examples of postalveolar consonants are the English palato-alveolar consonants [ʃ] [tʃ] [ʒ] [dʒ], as in the words "ship", "'chill", "vision", and "jump", respectively.

There are many types of postalveolar sounds—especially among the sibilants. The three primary types are palato-alveolar (such as [ʃ ʒ], weakly palatalized; also alveopalatal), alveolo-palatal (such as [ɕ ʑ], strongly palatalized), and retroflex (such as [ʂ ʐ], unpalatalized). The palato-alveolar and alveolo-palatal subtypes are commonly counted as "palatals" in phonology since they rarely contrast with true palatal consonants.
Sea of Dreams (Misia song)
"Sea of Dreams: Tokyo DisneySea 5th Anniversary Theme Song" is the sixteenth single by Japanese recording artist Misia. It was released on July 12, 2006, and was included as a bonus track on the first pressing of Misia's seventh studio album Ascension.

Ascension (Misia album)
Ascension is the seventh studio album by Japanese R&B singer Misia, released on February 7, 2007. It is her first album in over two years and last to be released under the Avex subsidiary Rhythmedia Tribe. The album was later re-released under BMG Japan.

The album is certified Gold Archived 2009-01-22 at the Wayback Machine for shipment of 100,000 copies.
William Brittain (British Free Corps)
William Charles Brittain (known as 'Carl') was a lance-corporal of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment who was serving in No. 4 Commando at the time of his capture in Suda Bay, Crete, in June 1941. During the Second World War he became a member of the "staff" at the PoW "holiday camp" in Genshagen, Berlin in mid-1943 and later a Rottenführer in the Waffen-SS British Free Corps.  In February 1945 while in Dresden, he said he "had long since lost his enthusiasm for the unit and was planning to escape". During a conversation with his girlfriend, a Norwegian nurse, he boasted of his plans and also claimed that he had foreknowledge of the bombing raids. Shocked by this, she denounced him almost immediately to the Gestapo and the BFC were arrested en masse. "[His] court-martial ... took place at Colchester in June 1946 and he received a ten-year sentence. Two months later he was found to be suffering from an incurable form of Crohn's disease and he was released.

Royal Warwickshire Regiment
The Royal Warwickshire Regiment, previously titled the 6th Regiment of Foot, was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in continuous existence for 283 years. The regiment saw service in many conflicts and wars, including the Second Boer War and both the First and Second World Wars. On 1 May 1963, the regiment was re-titled, for the final time, as the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and became part of the Fusilier Brigade.

In 1968, by now reduced to a single Regular battalion, the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments in the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) and the Lancashire Fusiliers – into a new large infantry regiment, to be known as the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, becoming the 2nd Battalion of the new regiment.
John M. O'Connell
John Matthew O'Connell (August 10, 1872 – December 6, 1941) was a U.S. Representative from Rhode Island.

Born in Westerly, Washington County, Rhode Island, O'Connell attended the public schools
and taught in the local schools from 1892 to 1902.
He graduated from the Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) Dental College (now a branch of Temple University) in 1905 and commenced practice in Westerly, Rhode Island, the same year.
During World War I, he served for sixteen months with Headquarters Sanitary Train, Twelfth Division, and later as a major in the United States Dental Reserve.
He was a member of the State house of representatives 1929-1932.

O'Connell was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third, Seventy-fourth, and Seventy-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1939).
He was not a candidate for renomination in 1938.
He died in Westerly, Rhode Island, December 6, 1941
and was interred in St. Sebastian Cemetery.

Washington County, Rhode Island
Washington County, known to Rhode Islanders as South County, is a county located in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,839. Rhode Island counties have no governmental functions other than as court administrative boundaries, which are part of the state government.
Reading the Will
Reading the Will is an 1820 genre painting by the British artist David Wilkie. It is inspired by a scene from the 1815 novel Guy Mannering the Waverley series by Walter Scott although this was not widely appreciated by contemporary critics.

The painting was commissioned by Maximilian I of Bavaria. It was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1820 at Somerset House in London. Today it is in the collection of the Neue Pinakothek in Munich.

Waverley novels
The Waverley novels are a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832). For nearly a century, they were among the most popular and widely read novels in Europe.

Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827, the series takes its name from Waverley, the first novel of the series, released in 1814. The later books bore the words "by the author of Waverley" on their title pages.

The Tales of My Landlord sub-series was not advertised as "by the author of Waverley" and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series.
Georg Hartmann (geographer)
Georg Hartmann (4 August 1865 – 12 July 1946) was a German geographer working in German South West Africa.

He was born in Dresden and educated at the technical school of his native city and at Leipzig, where he studied mathematics, physics, and geography (doctorate 1889). From 1893 to 1908 he traveled throughout German South West Africa and southern Angola. He worked as a director for the Otavi Mining and Railway Company and was co-founder of the town Grootfontein in Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia.

In 1908 he returned to Germany, settling in the village of Rathstock, near Alt Tucheband. He gave lectures, and authored papers on history, colonial politics and sociology.

Hartmann's mountain zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae Matschie, 1898) is named in his honor. It is a subspecies of the mountain zebra native to south-western Angola, Namibia and South Africa. Hartmann Valley in the Kaokoveld is also named after him.

Hartmann died at Grammersdorf in Schleswig-Holstein.

Hartmann's mountain zebra
Hartmann's mountain zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae) is a subspecies of the mountain zebra found in far south-western Angola and western Namibia, easily distinguished from other similar zebra species by its dewlap as well as the lack of stripes on its belly.
Luis Brignoni
Luis Brignoni Alvarez (born 9 November 1953) is a Puerto Rican former basketball player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

On Puerto Rico's professional basketball league, the BSN, he played with the Vaqueros de Bayamon and Criollos de Caguas among others.

Baloncesto Superior Nacional
The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, abbreviated as BSN, is the first tier-level professional men's basketball league in Puerto Rico. It was founded in 1929 and is organized by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation.

The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, which is played under FIBA rules, currently consists of 12
teams, of which the most successful has been the Vaqueros de Bayamón with 17 titles as of 2025.

The league has produced players that have distinguished themselves in the NBA, EuroLeague, Spain's ACB, and other tournaments throughout the world. Among them, Georgie Torres was the first Puerto Rican to sign an NBA contract & Butch Lee was the first BSN player to win an NBA title. Later on players including José Ortiz, Ramón Rivas, Daniel Santiago, Carlos Arroyo and J. J. Barea, started their careers playing for BSN teams and later played in the NBA.
Cluniac Reforms
The Cluniac Reforms (also called the Benedictine Reform) were a series of changes within medieval monasticism in the Western Church focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art, and caring for the poor. The movement began within the Benedictine order at Cluny Abbey, founded in 910 by William I, Duke of Aquitaine (875–918). The reforms were largely carried out by Saint Odo (c. 878 – 942) and spread throughout France (Burgundy, Provence, Auvergne, Poitou), into England (the English Benedictine Reform), and through much of Italy, northern Portugal and Spain.

Cîteaux Abbey
Cîteaux Abbey (French: Abbaye de Cîteaux [abe.i d(ə) sito]) is a Catholic abbey located in Saint-Nicolas-lès-Cîteaux, south of Dijon, France. It is notable for being the original house of the Order of Cistercians. Today, it belongs to the Trappists (also called the Cistercians of the Strict Observance).

The abbey has about 35 monks. The community produces a cheese branded under the abbey's name, as well as caramels and honey-based candies.
Lesley Chamberlain
Lesley Chamberlain (born 26 September 1951, Rochford, Essex) is a British author who has written in a number of different genres — travel writing, food writing, Russian history, German history, fiction — after beginning as a journalist.

Following her secondary education at Glanmôr Grammar School for Girls, she studied German and Russian at Exeter and Oxford Universities.

After working as a correspondent for Reuters beginning in 1978, she moved to full-time writing; her first of her nine books was published in 1982. She has written for The Independent, The Times Literary Supplement and Prospect magazine.

Chamberlain is married to Pavel Seifter, a former Czech ambassador to the United Kingdom.

Rochford
Rochford is a town and civil parish in Essex, England. It lies 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Southend-on-Sea, 43 miles (69 km) from London and 21 miles (34 km) from Chelmsford. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 9,889 and the Rochford built up area had a population of 12,615. It gives its name to the wider Rochford District, which also covers an extensive surrounding area.