hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Romolo Gessi
Romolo Gessi (30 April 1831 – 1 May 1881), also called Gessi Pasha, was an Italian soldier, governor in the Turkish-Egyptian administration and explorer of north-east Africa, who described the course of the White Nile in 19th-century Sudan and modern Uganda.

Gessi was born to an Italian father and Armenian mother from Istanbul in Ravenna, in Romagna. He acquired his military experience serving in the volunteer corps of Garibaldi in 1859 and 1860.  He was one of numerous Garibaldi volunteers who went on to be regular soldiers, not only in the new Italian army, but in several others.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Gale Thomson
Anne Gale Kelly Thomson (17 May 1919 – March 8, 2010) was an American public and political figure, anti-tax activist, businesswoman, and benefactor. Thomson served as the First Lady of New Hampshire from 1973 until 1979 during the tenure of former Governor Meldrim Thomson, Jr.

Public figure
A public figure is a person who has achieved fame, prominence or notoriety within a society, whether through achievement, luck, action, or in some cases through no purposeful action of their own.

In the context of defamation actions (libel and slander) as well as invasion of privacy, a public figure cannot succeed in a lawsuit on incorrect harmful statements in the United States unless there is proof that the writer or publisher acted with actual malice by knowing the falsity or by reckless disregard for the truth. The legal burden of proof in defamation actions is thus higher in the case of a public figure than in the case of an ordinary person.

The tort of defamation depends on jurisdiction: for example, the law of defamation in England and Wales differs from Scotland or the State of Florida.
The Threepenny Opera (1963 film)
The Threepenny Opera (German: Die Dreigroschenoper) is a 1963 West German-French musical crime drama film directed by Wolfgang Staudte and starring Curd Jürgens, Hildegard Knef and Gert Fröbe. Sammy Davis Jr. appeared as a street singer of ballads. It was shot in Eastmancolor at the Spandau Studios and Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Hein Heckroth. It is based on the 1928 play The Threepenny Opera by Bertolt Brecht, itself inspired by the 18th-century British work The Beggar's Opera. A previous film adaptation The Threepenny Opera had been produced in 1931.

Street performance
Street performance or busking is the act of performing in public places for gratuities. In many countries, the rewards are generally in the form of money but other gratuities such as food, drink or gifts may be given. Street performance is practiced all over the world and dates back to antiquity. People engaging in this practice are called street performers or buskers, although busker is generally not used in American English.

Performances are anything that people find entertaining, including acrobatics, animal tricks, balloon twisting, caricatures, clowning, comedy, contortions, escapology, dance, singing, fire skills, flea circus, fortune-telling, juggling, magic, mime, living statue, musical performance, one man band, puppeteering, snake charming, storytelling or reciting poetry or prose, street art such as sketching and painting, street theatre, sword swallowing, ventriloquism, weightlifting and washboarding. Buskers may be solo performers or small groups.
Heyerdahl
Heyerdahl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anders Heyerdahl (1832–1918), Norwegian violinist, composer and folk music collector

Christopher Heyerdahl (born 1963), Canadian actor

Elise Heyerdahl (1858–1921), Norwegian politician, teacher, and feminist

Halvor Heyerdahl Rasch (1805–1883), Norwegian zoologist

Hans Heyerdahl (1857–1913), Norwegian painter

Phoebe Heyerdahl, character on Hey Arnold!

Severin Andreas Heyerdahl (1870–1940), Norwegian physician

Thor Heyerdahl (1914–2002), Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer

Elise Heyerdahl
Elisabeth Susanne Heyerdahl (1858–1921) was a Norwegian Conservative politician, teacher, and a strong supporter of women's involvement in politics. She was one of the first women to be elected to Christiania's City Council. In 1910, she co-founded the Conservative Party's Women's Club (Høirekvinders klub), heading the organization for a number of years. In 1909, she became the first woman to serve on the Conservative Party's central committee.
Døden i gatene
Døden i gatene  (English: Death in the Streets) is a 1970 Norwegian drama film directed by Arnljot Berg, starring Grynet Molvig, Per Tofte and Arne Lindtner Næss. Youthful revolt is used as a cover for a government coup.

Arne Lindtner Næss
Arne Lindtner Næss (born 19 December 1944) is a Norwegian actor, director, television producer, and writer. He has had many film and television roles. The best known may be Frode Birkeland in the television series Familiesagaen De syv søstre on TV2. His father was film director, producer, and screenwriter Peder Hamdahl Næss.

He was awarded the Aamot Statuette in 2019, along with Knut Bohwim.
Tiptree Heath (hamlet)
Tiptree Heath is a hamlet in the Colchester district, in the county of Essex, England. Nearby settlements include the villages of Tiptree, Great Totham, Great Braxted and Little Totham. For transport there is the B1022 road which the hamlet is on, and the B1023 and A12 roads. There is a nature reserve called Tiptree Heath Nature Reserve.

51°48′09″N 0°43′56″E﻿ / ﻿51.8026°N 0.7322°E﻿ / 51.8026; 0.7322

City of Colchester
The City of Colchester is a local government district with city status in Essex, England, named after its main settlement, Colchester. With an estimated population of 200,222 in mid-2024, it is the most populous district in Essex. The district includes the towns of West Mersea and Wivenhoe,  with surrounding rural areas stretching from Dedham Vale, on the Suffolk border in the north, to Mersea Island in the Colne Estuary in the south. It borders Tendring District to the east, Maldon District to the south, Braintree District to the west and Babergh District in Suffolk to the north.
Želovce
Želovce (Hungarian: Zsély) is a village and municipality in the Veľký Krtíš District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia. According to the 2016 census the population of Zelovce is 1,276.

Banská Bystrica Region
The Banská Bystrica Region (Slovak: Banskobystrický kraj, pronounced [ˈbanskɔbistritskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Besztercebányai kerület, pronounced [ˈbɛstɛrt͡sɛbaːɲɒi ˈkɛrylɛt]) is one of the eight regions of Slovakia. It is the largest of the eight regions by area, and has a lower population density than any other region. The Banská Bystrica Region was established in 1923; its borders were last adjusted in 1996. Banská Bystrica consists of 514 municipalities, 24 of which have town status. Its administrative center is the eponymous town of Banská Bystrica, which is also the region's largest town. Other important towns are Zvolen and Lučenec.
Travel cost analysis
The travel cost method of economic valuation, travel cost analysis, or Clawson method is a revealed preference method of economic valuation used in cost–benefit analysis to calculate the value of something that cannot be obtained through market prices (i.e. national parks, beaches, ecosystems). The aim of the method is to calculate willingness to pay for a constant price facility. The technique was first suggested by the statistician Harold Hotelling in a 1947 letter to the director of the National Park Service of the United States for a method to measure the benefit of National Parks to the public. The method was further refined by Trice and Wood (1958) and Clawson (1959). The technique is one approach to the estimation of a shadow price.

Harold Hotelling
Harold Hotelling (/ˈhoʊtəlɪŋ/; September 29, 1895 – December 26, 1973) was an American mathematical statistician and an influential economic theorist, known for Hotelling's law, Hotelling's lemma, and Hotelling's rule in economics, as well as Hotelling's T-squared distribution in statistics. He also developed and named the principal component analysis method widely used in finance, statistics and computer science.

He was associate professor of mathematics at Stanford University from 1927 until 1931, a member of the faculty of Columbia University from 1931 until 1946, and a professor of Mathematical Statistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1946 until his death. A street in Chapel Hill bears his name. In 1972, he received the North Carolina Award for contributions to science.
Gnamanou
Gnamanou is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Bédiala, Daloa Department, Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.

Gnamanou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Haut-Sassandra
Haut-Sassandra Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast and is one of two regions in Sassandra-Marahoué District. The region's seat is Daloa. The region's area is 15,190 km², and its population in the 2021 census was 1,739,697, making it the most populous region of Ivory Coast.
The Lebanon Patriot
The Lebanon Patriot, now defunct, was an American newspaper published weekly at Lebanon, Ohio, the seat of Warren County.   The paper was founded by General Durbin Ward as a Democratic paper and first published on January 16, 1868.  Warren County being ardently Republican, the paper was to take the place of the previous Democratic paper in the county, the Democratic Citizen, which was destroyed by a mob at the outbreak of the Civil War.  Ward sold the paper to Edward Warwick who sold it to A. A. Roland (born February 11, 1853) in April 1878.  Circa 1883 it was owned and edited by Mary V. Proctor Wilson.  The paper was last issued in December 1936 when it merged with The Western Star, another weekly in Lebanon.  The combined paper was published as The Western Star and Lebanon Patriot from January 7, 1937, to June 30, 1938.

Warren County, Ohio
Warren County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 242,337. Its county seat is Lebanon and largest city is Mason. The county is one of Ohio's most affluent, with the highest median income of the state's 88 counties. The county was established on May 1, 1803, from Hamilton County; it is named for Dr. Joseph Warren, a hero of the Revolution who sent Paul Revere and the overlooked William Dawes on their famous rides and who died at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Warren County is part of the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ross Jennings
Ross James Jennings (13 November 1944 – 25 March 2016) was a New Zealand actor, becoming one of New Zealand's most experienced television  producers and directors, whose credits included The Mad Dog Gang, Close to Home, Moynihan, Inside Straight, feature film I Live with Me Dad, Australian TV series Special Squad and Acropolis Now, NZ's soap Homeward Bound,  New Zealand's first reality series,  Police Ten 7, Middlemore, Strip Search, Heroes and Melody Rules.

Homeward Bound (New Zealand TV series)
Homeward Bound is a New Zealand television soap opera. It was first broadcast on TV3 on 11 June 1992 and ran for 21 episodes (including the two-hour pilot), finishing on 29 October 1992. Created by Ross Jennings, Homeward Bound was TV3's bid for NZ On Air funding for a local soap opera, however, it ultimately lost out to TVNZ's Shortland Street and was reformatted as an hour-long drama series.
Belgian Railways Class 41
NMBS/SNCB Class 41 DMUs are diesel multiple-unit trains operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB). They are the standard train for Belgian internal workings which cannot be worked by EMUs. They work under the 25 kV electrification in the South of Belgium as well as on the non-electrified lines in the North.

Neerpelt
Neerpelt (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːrpɛlt] ⓘ, lit. 'Lower Pelt') is a town in Pelt and a former municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg. In 2018, the municipality had a total population of 17,174. The total area is 42.78 km2.

Effective 1 January 2019, Neerpelt and Overpelt were merged into the new municipality of Pelt.
Bằng Lăng
Ngô Bằng Lăng (born 1979) is a Vietnamese former model and actress. She began her modeling career in 1997 when she was a student, she finished in Top 10 at Asian Fashion Model Search (later Vietnamese Supermodels) in 2002 and became widely famous for her participation in notable movies, such as Dance Girls (2003), Street Ciderrella (2004), and Gangsta Girls (2005). She is usually called the Black Pearl of Vietnamese fashion industry.

Demographics of Vietnam
Demographic features of the population of Vietnam include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Ethnic Vietnamese, or the Viet people (known officially as Kinh), mostly live in the lowlands and speak Vietnamese, while other ethnic groups also speak a variety of languages; together, these communities contribute to the country's diverse demographic composition. Originating in northern Vietnam, the Viet gradually pushed southward and make up much of Vietnam's political landscape. A Vietnamese diaspora can also be found worldwide.

Vietnam's population reached just over 100 million in 2023, making it the 15th largest country by population in the world. It is predicted that by 2035, Vietnam will become an aged society.
John Jacomb
John Newton Jacomb (3 October 1841 – 5 November 1891) was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria during the 1860–61 season and one match for Otago in 1863–64.

Jacomb was born at New Town, Tasmania in 1841 and educated at Scotch College in Melbourne. He worked as a hotel keeper and mined gold. He died in 1891 at Walhalla, Victoria.

New Town, Tasmania
New Town is a suburb of the city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, about 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of the central business district of Hobart. It is generally considered Hobart's oldest suburb, settled just a week after Sullivans Cove. It was historically the home of many of Hobart's wealthiest citizens, and New Town features a large number of grand residences, churches, and public buildings. The large farms were broken up following the world wars and it is now an inner city residential suburb. Many of its streets are lined with Federation style cottages. It is surrounded by the suburbs of North Hobart, Mount Stuart, Lenah Valley and Moonah, with the Queens Domain just to the south-east. Most of the locality is within the Hobart local government area, with 2.5% within Glenorchy.
Jackie Keeler
John George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer.  Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in South Moor, County Durham.

Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI.  He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was dismissed in the Minor Counties first-innings for a single run by Bill Johnston, with the Minor Counties being dismissed for just 56 runs.  Following-on ib their second-innings they fared little better, being dismissed for 62, with Keeler scoring 10 runs before being dismissed by Ron Archer.  The Australians won the match by an innings and 171 runs.

He died at South Stanley, County Durham on 9 October 2005.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Boadi (surname)
Boadi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akwasi Boadi (born 1962), Ghanaian entertainer also known as Akrobeto

Francis Boadi (born 1991), Ghanaian footballer

Anthony Bright Boadi-Mensah, Ghanaian politician

Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi (born 1953), Ghanaian political scientist

Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi
Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi is a Ghanaian political scientist and the co-founder of the Afrobarometer, a pan-African research project that surveys public attitude on political, social and economic reforms across African countries. He was the CEO of Afrobarometer from 2008 to 2021. He is the chair of its board of directors.
Helmdon Disused Railway
Helmdon Disused Railway is a 16.6-hectare (41-acre) linear biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Helmdon and Brackley in Northamptonshire.

This site is the former embankment and cutting of the Great Central Railway, which closed in 1966. It is Jurassic grassland, and limestone spoil heaps have a very diverse floral community. Butterflies include the nationally scarce wood white and five nationally declining species. It is the only location in the county for the small blue butterfly.

A public footpath runs along the site.

The route of the HS2 High Speed railway crosses the southern end of the site.

Leptidea sinapis
Leptidea sinapis, or the wood white butterfly of the family Pieridae, is a small white butterfly that is mainly found in England, Ireland, and Northern Europe. The butterfly has white wings with grey or yellow markings near the center or tip of the wing. It flies slowly and low over its shrubbery habitat. Males initiate courtship with females and can mate multiply, while females tend to only mate once in their lifetime.

The wood white was added to the UK BAP Priority Species list in 2005 due to a substantial decline in the population, especially in England. This decline has been attributed to changes in woodland regions, including increased shade due to tree planting, and the failure to maintain woodland rides in a satisfactory way for wood whites to oviposit. Conservation efforts are currently striving to understand how to best maintain woodland regions and are examining the effect of climate change (particularly during the winter months) on egg survival.
Georgia State Route 65
State Route 65 (SR 65) is a 17.0-mile-long (27.4 km) state highway located entirely in the southwestern part of Mitchell County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects the Hopeful and Pelham areas of the state.

Southwest Georgia
Southwest Georgia is a fourteen-county region in the U.S. state of Georgia, bordering Alabama and Florida. Colloquially referred to as SOWEGA, the region is anchored by Albany—its most populous city and the region's sole metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 United States census, Southwest Georgia's population was 352,426.
TNNI1
Troponin I, slow skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNI1 gene. It is a tissue-specific subtype of troponin I, which in turn is a part of the troponin complex.

Gene TNNI1, troponin I type 1 (skeletal muscle, slow), also known as TNN1 and SSTNI, is located at 1q31.3 in the human chromosomal genome, encoding the slow twitch skeletal muscle isoform of troponin I (ssTnI), the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex in striated muscle myofilaments. Human TNNI1 spans 12.5 kilobases in the genomic DNA and contains 9 exons and 8 introns. Exon 2 to exon 8 contain the coding sequences, encoding a protein of 21.7 kDa consisting of 187 amino acids including the first methionine with an isoelectric point (pI) of 9.59.

Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. Compared to other amino acids, methionine has particularly decisive biosynthetic roles. It is the precursor to the amino acid cysteine and the pervasive methylation agent rSAM. Methionine is required for protein synthesis, which is initiated by N-formylmethionine-sRNA.

Methionine was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller. It is encoded by the codon AUG. It was named by Satoru Odake in 1925, as an abbreviation of its structural description 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.
Van Themsche
Van Themsche or Vanthemsche is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frieda Van Themsche (born 1955), Belgian politician

Hans Van Themsche (born 1988), Belgian spree killer

Piet Vanthemsche (born 1955), Belgian civil servant

Piet Vanthemsche
Piet, Baron Vanthemsche (born 6 December 1955) is a Belgian veterinary surgeon and civil servant. In 2008, he succeeded Noël Devisch as President of the Boerenbond (E: Catholic Belgian Farmers Union) in Leuven.
Christopher Spurrier
Christopher Spurrier (16 August 1783 – 13 November 1876) was an English politician who was elected Member of Parliament for Bridport in the 1820 general election. He was also High Sheriff of Dorset from 1825 to 1826. Spurrier was born into one of Poole's leading Newfoundland merchant families and built Upton House.

Bridport (UK Parliament constituency)
Bridport was a parliamentary borough in Dorset, England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1868, and then one member from 1868 until 1885, when the borough was abolished.
John Ollis
John Ollis (March 23, 1839 – November 16, 1913) was an American farmer, lawyer, and politician.

Born in Bergen, Norway, Ollis emigrated with his parents to the United States in 1849 and settled in the town of Vienna, Dane County, Wisconsin. Ollis went the public schools and to University of Wisconsin and Luther College in Decorah, Iowa.. Ollis was a farmer. He served on the Vienna Town Board and was chairman of the town board. He also served as the Vienna Town Assessor. In 1878, Ollis served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. In 1884, Ollis graduated from the University of Wisconsin Law School and practiced law in Madison, Wisconsin. He died at his home in Madison, Wisconsin.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.