hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carius
In Greek mythology, Carius or Karios (Ancient Greek: Κάριος) was the son of Zeus and Torrhebia. His mother's name is connected to Torrhebos, the name of a city in Lydia. According to Hellanicus, there was a mountain named Karios (Carius) near this city, with the sanctuary of Carius situated on it.

Hellanicus of Lesbos
Hellanicus (or Hellanikos) of Lesbos (Greek: Ἑλλάνικος ὁ Λέσβιος, Hellánikos ho Lésbios), also called Hellanicus of Mytilene (Greek: Ἑλλάνικος ὁ Μυτιληναῖος, Hellánikos ho Mutilēnaîos; c. 490 – c. 405 BC), was an ancient Greek logographer who flourished during the latter half of the 5th century BC.
Yanaqucha (Bolognesi)
Yanaqucha (Quechua yana black, qucha lake, "black lake", also spelled Yanacocha) is a lake in the Andes of Peru. It is situated at a height of 4,373 m (14,347 ft) comprising an area of 0.186192 km2 (186,192 m2). Yanaqucha is located in Aquia District, Bolognesi Province, Ancash Region. The lake receives water from the Yanaqucha brook which originates southwest of the peak of Rahu Kutaq.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Peleserphidae
Peleserphidae is an extinct family of wasps belonging to the superfamily Proctotrupoidea. It is currently known from four species in three genera. One (Arkadiserphus) from the Middle-Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan, and the others (Peleserphus and Peleproctus) from mid Cretaceous Burmese amber from Myanmar. They are suggested to have targeted hosts hidden in substrates like wood, such as insect larvae.

Karabastau Formation
The Karabastau Formation (Kazakh: Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that has been studied since the early 20th century, alongside the rarer remains of vertebrates, including pterosaurs, salamanders, lizards and crocodiles.
Einspruch
Einspruch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franklin Einspruch (born 1968), American artist and writer

Henry Einspruch (1892–1977), Galician-born Lutheran missionary and author

Norman Einspruch (born 1931/32), American professor and dean

Henry Einspruch
Rev Henry Einspruch (Yiddish: חיים אינשפרוך; 1892–1977) was a Polish American Lutheran pastor and translator of Christian literature. A Jewish convert to Lutheranism, Einspruch was a Messianic missionary affiliated with the Hebrew Christian movement.

Einspruch's most notable work was the 1941 Yiddish translation of the New Testament.
2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United States
The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United States was part of the larger outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The United States was the fourth country outside of the African countries with endemic mpox to experience an outbreak in 2022. The first case was documented in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 17, 2022. As of August 2022, mpox had spread to all 50 states in the United States, as well as Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The United States had the highest number of mpox cases in the world during the outbreak. California had the highest number of mpox cases in the United States.

On August 4, 2022, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared mpox a public health emergency in the United States. Wyoming was the last  state in the United States to report at least one mpox case.
On August 30, 2022, the first mpox death in the United States was reported.

Strategic National Stockpile
The Strategic National Stockpile (SNS), originally called the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS), is the United States' national repository of antibiotics, vaccines, chemical antidotes, antitoxins, and other critical medical supplies. Its website states:

"The Strategic National Stockpile's role is to supplement state and local supplies during public health emergencies. Many states have products stockpiled, as well. The supplies, medicines, and devices for life-saving care contained in the stockpile can be used as a short-term stopgap buffer when the immediate supply of adequate amounts of these materials may not be immediately available."
Callidrepana splendens
Callidrepana splendens is a moth in the family Drepanidae first described by Warren in 1897. It is found on Peninsular Malaysia and in Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sula Islands, Borneo, Sumatra, Timor).

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are cream coloured, tinged with olive and the costa is darker, suffused throughout with silvery scales. The cell-spot is large, ear shaped, dark chestnut and edged with silvery scales. There is a blotch of silvery scales at the base of the cell, with a line of the same colour along the middle of cell, through, the cell-spot, and broadening beyond it. There is also a silvery submarginal line, incurved at the middle, then parallel to the hindmargin. The marginal line is silvery and the fringe and costal edge before the apex are fulvous. The submarginal line is edged internally with olive fulvous. The hindwings have a short silvery line from the inner margin at two-thirds and the marginal line is silvery below the middle. The fringe is fulvous.

Drepanidae
The Drepanidae are a family of moths with about 660 species described worldwide. They are generally divided in three subfamilies, which share the same type of hearing organ. Thyatirinae, previously often placed in their own family, bear a superficial resemblance to Noctuidae. Many species in the drepanid family have a distinctively hook-shaped apex to the fore wing, leading to their common name of hook-tips.

The larvae of many species are very distinctive, tapering to a point at the tail and usually resting with both head and tail raised. They usually feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating between leaves spun together with silk.
Thompson Fish House, Turtle Cannery and Kraals
The Thompson Fish House, Turtle Cannery and Kraals is a historic site located at 200 Margaret Street, Key West, Florida, United States.  On June 23, 1994, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The kraals were fenced-in holding pens adjacent to the cannery in a sheltered bay at the north end of town,  where turtles were kept awaiting slaughter.  The once-fashionable turtle meat was canned and sold to cooks who used it largely to make turtle soup. The valuable  Tortoiseshell was used to make many kinds of products made today from plastic.

The building is owned by the City of Key West, and currently houses exhibits from the nearby Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Museum.  The Turtle Kraals Museum, which educated the public about dangers to sea turtles, was formerly located at this site.

Kraal
Kraal (also spelled craal or kraul) is an Afrikaans and Dutch word, also used in South African English, for an enclosure for cattle or other livestock, located within a Southern African settlement or village surrounded by a fence of thorn-bush branches, a palisade, mud wall, or other fencing, roughly circular in form. It is similar to a boma in eastern or central Africa.

In Curaçao, another former Dutch colony, the enclosure was called "koraal" which means coral and which in Papiamentu is translated "kura", a word still in use today for any enclosed terrain, like a garden.
Griffith Vaughan
The Venerable Griffith Vaughan (1656-1726) was an English Anglican clergyman.

A son of Edmund Vaughan, of Pisford, Northamptonshire, plebeian, in 1668 he became a chorister at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he matriculated on 3 May, 1672, aged 16, and graduated B.A. in 1676. In 1681, he incorporated at Cambridge and graduated M.A. from Pembroke College, Cambridge.
 He held livings at Coppenhall, and Hinstock; and was  Archdeacon of Ludlow from 1681 until his death.

Hinstock
Hinstock is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

It appeared in the Domesday Book survey as "Stoche" (from Old English stoc, "dependent settlement"); the present version of its name was created in the mediaeval period by prefixing Middle English hine ("domestic servants").
Marguerite-D'Youville Regional County Municipality
Marguerite-D'Youville (French pronunciation: [maʁɡəʁit djuvil]) is a regional county municipality located in the Montérégie region of  southwestern Quebec, Canada. The seat is in Verchères.

The RCM was formerly named Lajemmerais Regional County Municipality, after Christophe du Frost de Lajemmerais, the father of Marguerite d'Youville. On February 12, 2011, the name was changed to honour d'Youville directly. However, Statistics Canada retained the name "Lajemmerais" for the 2011 census because the name change came after its reference date of January 1, 2011. Since the 2016 census, the name has correctly been displayed as "Marguerite-D'Youville."

Marie-Marguerite d'Youville
Marguerite d'Youville, SGM (French pronunciation: [maʁɡʁit djuvil]; October 15, 1701 – December 23, 1771) was a French Canadian widow who founded the Sisters of Charity of Montreal, commonly known as the "Grey Nuns". She was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1990, becoming the first native-born Canadian to be declared a saint.
Frank Winkler (physician)
Frank Winkler (born 1971) is a German neurologist and neuroscientist. He has been a professor at the Heidelberg University since 2012 and Managing Senior Physician at the Department of Neurology at Heidelberg University Hospital since 2016.

University Hospital Heidelberg
University Hospital Heidelberg (German: Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Abbr: UKHD or UKL-HD) is a university hospital in Heidelberg, Germany and is with 2.599 beds one of the largest medical centers in the country. It is closely linked to Heidelberg University Medical School (Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine) which was founded in 1388 and is thus the oldest within the Federal Republic of Germany. The Heidelberg University Hospital was ranked the 14th-best hospital in the world by Newsweek as of 2025.
Concrescence
Concrescence is an uncommon developmental condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth fuse together without the involvement of dentin. Usually, two teeth are involved with the upper second and third molars being most commonly fused together. The prevalence ranges 0.04–0.8% in permanent teeth, with the incidence being highest in the posterior maxilla.

Cementum
Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. The cementum is the part of the periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament.
Why You Treat Me So Bad
"Why You Treat Me So Bad?" is a 1987 single by Club Nouveau from their 1986 album Life, Love & Pain. The basic melodic hook of the song is taken from a hit by Club Nouveau member Jay King's previous project as producer, Timex Social Club (namely, the song "Thinkin' About Ya").

The song has been sampled several times by other musicians. Hip-hop duo Luniz interpolated the song on their hit single "I Got 5 on It"; that song was then sampled by Sean 'Puff Daddy' Combs, on his hit single, "Satisfy You"; as well as "I Like It" by Mr. Capone-E and "I Know" by Yo Gotti. Singer Ashanti sampled the song for her hit single "Only U", as well as Jennifer Lopez on "I'm Gonna Be Alright".

No Doubt singer Gwen Stefani cited the song as the reason she recorded her solo debut album Love. Angel. Music. Baby., after she listened to it while the band was on tour.

Interpolation (popular music)
In popular music, interpolation (also called a replayed sample) refers to using a melody—or portions of a melody (often with modified lyrics)—from a previously recorded song but re-recording the melody instead of directly sampling it. Interpolation is often cited as a legal defence to mask unlicensed sampling when the artist or label who owns the recording of the music declines to license the sample, or if licensing the piece of music is considered too costly.
Nicobar-class troopship
Nicobar-class troopships are large multi-role troopships converted from merchant ships which were originally ordered by the Ministry of Shipping for service with the Shipping Corporation of India. These were later acquired by the Indian Navy for troop transport duties. The ships include large davits for Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) and also feature high bridge forward, funnel in the aft and a helicopter platform at the stern. This makes the vessels suitable for general purpose roles, other than just troop transport. The design of the Type B-561 ships built by Szczecin Shipyard of Poland was also sold to India for licensed construction.

Davit
A davit (/ˈdeɪvɪt/) is any of various crane-like devices used on a ship for supporting, raising, and lowering equipment such as boats and anchors.

Davit systems are most often used to lower a lifeboat to the embarkation level to be boarded. The lifeboat davit has falls (now made of wire, historically of manila rope) that are used to lower the lifeboat into the water. Davits can also be used as man-overboard safety devices to retrieve personnel from the water.

The maintaining and operation of davits is all under jurisdiction of the International Maritime Organization. The regulations are enforced by the country's coast guard.
Francis Barraud
Francis James Barraud (16 June 1856 – 29 August 1924) was an English painter. He is best known for his painting His Master's Voice, one of the most famous commercial logos in the world, having been adopted as a recording industry trademark used by various corporations including RCA Victor, EMI, HMV, JVC and Deutsche Grammophon. The image, which depicts a dog named Nipper, ear cocked as he listens to a wind-up disc gramophone helped popularize the nascent field of sound recording and brought Barraud worldwide fame. He subsequently established himself as an artist for corporate clients, spending the rest of his career producing 
dozens of copies of the painting which made his name.

Deutsche Grammophon
Deutsche Grammophon (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ɡʁamoˈfoːn]; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the MCA family of labels in 1999. Deutsche Grammophon is the world's oldest surviving established record company. Presidents of the company are Frank Briegmann, Chairman and CEO Central Europe of Universal Music Group and Clemens Trautmann.
Townships in Montgomeryshire
The former county of Montgomeryshire was divided into townships, divisions of its ancient parishes. In 1539, townships were grouped together in hundreds. The townships which were recognised were based on the older Welsh divisions of tref, or plural trefi, which had formed the Welsh administrative districts of commotes. Not all of the former tref were recognised and some smaller trefi were amalgamated into larger townships. A township was allocated to a particular parish—that is, one of the [civil] parishes of Wales (analogous to civil parishes of England), the predecessors to today's communities of Wales. The townships were recognised as administrative districts, rather than the parishes.

Machynlleth
Machynlleth (Welsh: [maˈχənɬɛθ] ⓘ) is a market town, community and electoral ward in Powys, Wales and within the historic boundaries of Montgomeryshire. It is in the Dyfi Valley at the intersection of the A487 and the A489 roads.  At the 2001 Census it had a population of 2,147, rising to 2,235 in 2011. It is sometimes referred to colloquially as Mach.

Machynlleth was the seat of Owain Glyndŵr's Welsh Parliament in 1404, and as such claims to be the "ancient capital of Wales". However, it has never held any official recognition as a capital. It applied for city status in 2000 and 2002, but was unsuccessful. It is twinned with Belleville, Michigan.

Machynlleth hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1937 and 1981.
Australia at the 2026 Winter Olympics
Australia competed at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, which was held from 6 to 22 February 2026. Australia surpassed their previous best performance at Vancouver 2010, with 3 golds, 2 silvers and 1 bronze. Additionally, with 6 total medals, Australia broke their prior record of total medals won at a Winter Olympics games.

Freestyle skiers Matt Graham and Jakara Anthony were the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile, fellow freestyle skiers Cooper Woods and Danielle Scott were the country's flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

Jakara Anthony
Jakara Anthony OAM (born 8 July 1998) is an Australian freestyle skier and two-time Olympic gold medallist.  She is the Olympic champion from the women's moguls event at the 2022 Winter Olympics, becoming Australia's sixth Winter Olympic Games gold medallist. She holds the record for the most World Cup circuit victories in a season in women's moguls, achieved during the 2023/24 season. At the 2019 FIS World Championships, she finished with a silver medal. She also won gold at the inaugural women’s dual moguls event at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan, becoming Australia's first Winter Olympics double gold medalist.

Anthony was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the 2022 Queen's Birthday Honours for service to sport as a gold medallist at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games 2022.
Harbour Dudgeon Lakes Provincial Park
Harbour Dudgeon Lakes Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located west of the Adams River, northwest of Celista Mountain. It was established on April 30, 1996. The park is located approximately 175 km northeast of Kamloops.

Adams River (British Columbia)
Adams River is a tributary to the Thompson and Fraser Rivers in British Columbia, Canada. Beginning in the Monashee Mountains to the north, the Upper Adams River flows mainly southward and eventually reaches Adams Lake. The Lower Adams River begins at the southern end of the lake and flows into the extreme western end of Shuswap Lake. The river is one of the most important sockeye salmon breeding areas in North America. The run occurs in mid-October and can bring millions of fish to a concentrated area near the river mouth. Excavations of Secwepemc villages on the river have shown a long tradition of habitation and salmon fishing in the area. The river also served as an important transportation route for early logging operations in the watershed.
Battle of Cos
The Battle of Cos Omac was fought in c. 261 BC, or as late as 255 BC, between an Antigonid fleet and a Ptolemaic fleet. Antigonus II Gonatas led his forces to victory, possibly over Patroclus, admiral of Ptolemy II. It has been widely assumed that the battle severely damaged Ptolemaic control of the Aegean, but this has been contested After the battle, Antigonus dedicated his flagship to Apollo.

The date of the battle is uncertain, although it must fall within the period 262–256 BC. Hammond dates it as late as 255 BC, but it is now increasingly placed in 261 BC.

The Battle of Cos Omac is proposed by modern scholars as one of three possible naval battles—along with the Battle of Amorgos (322 BC) and the Battle of Salamis (306 BC)—that provided the occasion for the erection of the statue of the Nike of Samothrace.

Antigonus II Gonatas
Antigonus II Gonatas (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίγονος Γονατᾶς, Antígonos; c. 320 – 239 BC) was a Macedonian Greek ruler who solidified the position of the Antigonid dynasty in Macedon after a long period defined by anarchy and chaos and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans.
Bagheera prosper
Bagheera prosper is a species of jumping spiders of the family Salticidae found in the U.S. and Mexico. The species was described by Peckham & Peckham in 1901. The male has long, parallel chelicerae and large spiral embolus on the prolateral side of the palpal bulb, while the female has regular sized chelicerae and the epigynal openings in spiral atria. It is found in Northern Mexico, as well as Texas, Oklahoma, and western Arkansas. It is most often seen during March or April. It is mostly brown, but may also have black, tan, grey or white on its body. This spider is hard to find because of its coloring, as it blends in well with its habitat, however it is fairly common. It prefers warmer habitats.

Chelicerae
The chelicerae (/kəˈlɪsəriː/) are the mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and  sea spiders.  Commonly referred to as "jaws", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated fangs, or as a type of pincers. Some chelicerae, such as those found on nearly all spiders, are hollow and contain (or are connected to) venom glands, used to inject venom into prey or a perceived threat. Both pseudoscorpions and  harvestmen — neither of which have that venom channel — have additional structures on their chelicerae that are used for grooming (papillae in pseudoscorpions, cheliceral teeth in Opiliones). In many spider species, males and females have sexually dimorphic chelicerae.
Lewis Thomas (bishop)
Lewis Thomas, the last abbot of Cwmhir Abbey. Under the provisions of the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534, he was consecrated the Bishop of Shrewsbury on 24 June 1537, probably for the diocese of Llandaff. He also held the living at Bloxham. He died in 1561.

Anglican Bishop of Shrewsbury
Christianity portal

The Anglican Bishop of Shrewsbury is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Lichfield, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after the town of Shrewsbury in Shropshire and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. The Bishop of Shrewsbury has particular episcopal oversight of the parishes in the Archdeaconry of Salop. The bishops suffragan of Shrewsbury have been area bishops since the Lichfield area scheme was instituted in 1992.

The current bishop is Sarah Bullock, since her consecration on 3 July 2019.
SodaHead.com
SodaHead Inc., was a provider of polling technology for media companies. It previously offered an opinion-based discussion community with staff-written opinion essays and interactive features including slide shows, groups, and message boards.

The company is headquartered in El Segundo, California. It is privately held by Prodege, LLC; investors include Mohr Davidow Ventures, Mission Ventures, the Tech Coast Angels, and Ron Conway.

El Segundo, California
El Segundo (/ˌɛl səˈɡʌndoʊ/ EL sə-GUN-doh, Spanish: [el seˈɣundo]; Spanish for 'The Second') is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located on Santa Monica Bay, it was incorporated on January 18, 1917, and is part of the South Bay Cities Council of Governments. The population was 17,272 as of the 2020 census, a 3.7% increase from 16,654 in the 2010 census. A significant center of the oil and aerospace industries in Southern California, roughly three quarters of the city's land is dedicated exclusively to industrial and commercial uses, including a Chevron oil refinery which takes up more than a quarter of the city.
Cocycle category
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the cocycle category of objects X, Y in a model category is a category in which the objects are pairs of maps  and the morphisms are obvious commutative diagrams between them. It is denoted by . (It may also be defined using the language of 2-categories.)

One has that if the model category is right proper and is such that weak equivalences are closed under finite products, then

is bijective.

Commutative diagram
In mathematics, and especially in category theory, a commutative diagram is a diagram such that all directed paths in the diagram with the same start and endpoints lead to the same result. It is said that commutative diagrams play the role in category theory that equations play in algebra.