hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hubert Duifhuis
Hubert Duifhuis (Original Dutch: Hubert(us) or Huibert Duyfhuys or Duifhuis, Rotterdam, October 27, 1531 - Utrecht, April 3, 1581) was a Dutch Reformed pastor. He carried out a reformation in the Jacobikerk in 1578, but did not establish a consistory or use a catechism, and he admitted to communion anyone who presented himself (open communion). Werner Helmichius (Werner(us) Helmichius (Utrecht, 1550 - Amsterdam, August 29, 1608, Dutch reformed pastor) opposed open communion, and the church in Utrecht became divided between the Reformed of the Consistory (who opposed open communion) and the Preachers of the Old and New Testament (who promoted it).

Duifhuis was a libertine who opposed Calvinism.

Jacobikerk
The Jacobikerk is a landmark Protestant church in Utrecht, Netherlands. The building is located on the St Jacobsstraat, named for its patron saint St. James the Greater. The church is one of the medieval parish churches of Utrecht, along with the Buurkerk, the Nikolaïkerk and the Geertekerk. Today it is known as the starting place for Dutch pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela along the Way of St. James. The Dutch Confraternity of St. James is located around the corner on the St. Jacobskerkhof.
Aria (storage engine)
Aria is a storage engine for the MariaDB and MySQL relational database management systems. Its goal is to make a crash-safe alternative to MyISAM. It is not transactional.

Aria has been in development since 2007 and was first announced by Michael "Monty" Widenius on his blog. Aria is used for internal temporary tables in MariaDB, a community-developed branch of the MySQL database led by Widenius. Aria is not shipped with MySQL or Percona Server.

Aria was initially named "Maria", as a reference to Monty's youngest child.
It was renamed Aria in 2010 to avoid confusion with the main database it is developed for, MariaDB. Chris Tooley, who won a contest to suggest the name, wrote, "Aria is Maria without the 'M'; also it is a pleasant musical term."

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
Initiative & Referendum Institute
The Initiative & Referendum Institute, or I&R Institute, is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt educational and research organization dedicated to the study of the I&R process.  It is affiliated with the USC-Caltech Center for the Study of Law and Politics.  Founded in 1998 by M. Dane Waters, the I&R Institute is dedicated to educating citizens about how the initiative and referendum process has been utilized and in providing information to citizens so they understand and know how to utilize the process.

The Institute was the first international source for non partisan information on the initiative and referendum process and became part of the University of Southern California in 2008 when John G. Matsusaka took over as president. Mr. Waters still serves as the Chair of the Institute.

Direct democracy
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate directly decides on policy initiatives, without elected representatives as proxies, as opposed to the representative democracy model which occurs in the majority of established democracies. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic constituted the core of the work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole.
Gnudi
Gnudi (Italian: [ˈɲuːdi]), also known as malfatti, are gnocchi-like dumplings made with ricotta cheese and semolina instead of potato flour. The result is often a lighter, "pillowy" dish, unlike the often denser, chewier gnocchi. Gnudi is the Tuscan word for 'naked' (in standard Italian nudi), the idea being that these "pillowy" balls of ricotta and spinach (sometimes without spinach) are "nude ravioli", consisting of just the tasty filling without the pasta shell.

By tradition, in Tuscany these dumplings are served with burnt butter and sage sauce, sprinkled with Parmesan or pecorino toscano cheese.

Tuscan dialects
Tuscan (Italian: toscano [djaˈlɛtto tosˈkaːno; di.a-]; locally: vernacolo) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance spoken in Tuscany, Corsica, and Sardinia.

Tuscan, especially its Florentine variety, formed the basis for establishing Standard Italian. Due mostly to the prestige of the works by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Francesco Guicciardini, the Tuscan-derived elaboration became the primary language of culture throughout Italy, and later the official language of all of the historic Italian states and then of the Kingdom of Italy when it was formed.
John Johnson (Wisconsin politician)
John Johnson (August 7, 1833 – February 15, 1892) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from York in Dane County and was an Independent Republican. He also served as chairman of the York Town Board.

Johnson was born on August 7, 1833, in Ancram, New York received a public school education, and became a farmer; he came to Wisconsin in 1847 and settled at York, except for a short time spent in Dodge County. He held various town offices, and served as chairman of the town board for five years. In the 1873 general election he received 995 votes, as an Independent Republican candidate, to 936 for Samuel C. Head, the Republican nominee), to represent the 1st Dane County Assembly district (Towns of Albion, Bristol, Cottage Grove, Christiana, Deerfield, Dunkirk, Medina, Pleasant Springs, Sun Prairie and York).

Ancram, New York
Ancram is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,440 at the 2020 census, down from 1,573 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Ancram (now Ancrum), Scotland.

Ancram is in the southeastern corner of the county.
Beach groups
During the Second World War, the Allies realised the need for the landing zone of an amphibious assault to be organised for the efficient passage of follow on forces. The British formed such units from all three services – the Royal Navy (Commandos), British Army and the Royal Air Force, with the Army component comprising Infantry, Engineers, Ordnance, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Medical and Service Corps.

The equivalent U.S. units were called "beach battalions."

Royal Army Service Corps
The Royal Army Service Corps (RASC) was a corps of the British Army responsible for land, coastal and lake transport, air despatch, barracks administration, the Army Fire Service, staffing headquarters' units, supply of food, water, fuel and domestic materials such as clothing, furniture and stationery and the supply of technical and military equipment. In 1965 its functions were divided between other Corps (RCT and RAOC) and the RASC ceased to exist; subsequently, in 1993, they in their turn (with some functions of the Royal Engineers) became the "Forming Corps" of the Royal Logistic Corps.
Jacques-Olivier Bureau
Jacques-Olivier Bureau (February 6, 1820 – February 7, 1883) was a Quebec notary and political figure. He was a Liberal member of the Senate of Canada for De Lorimier division from 1867 to 1883.

He was born in Trois-Rivières, Lower Canada, in 1820 and studied there and at the Séminaire de Nicolet. He qualified as a notary in 1843 and practiced in Saint-Rémi and Montreal. In 1854, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Napierville; he was re-elected in 1858 and 1861. In 1862, he was elected to the Legislative Council in Lorimier division. Bureau was active in promoting the abolition of seigneurial tenure in Canada East. He was named provincial secretary in 1863, a cabinet post; as a result, he had to run again (successfully) for his seat in the legislative council. After Confederation, he was appointed to the Senate.

He died in Saint-Rémi in 1883.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Mohammad Hossein Mohammadian
Mohammad Hossein Mohammadian (Persian: محمدحسین محمدیان, born August 19, 1992) is an Iranian freestyle wrestler who competes at 97 kilograms. He was a bronze medalist at the 2014 World Championships and at the 2013 Summer Universiade and the 2015 Asian Continental Champion, before receiving a four-year suspension handed by United World Wrestling due to performance-enhancing drugs use in December 2015.

He came back after his suspension in 2019, and has since claimed championships from the 2019 Military World Games and represented Iran at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

United World Wrestling
United World Wrestling, abbreviated as UWW, is the international governing body for the sport of Wrestling; its duties include overseeing wrestling at the World Championships and Olympics. It presides over international competitions for various forms of wrestling, including Greco-Roman, freestyle, grappling, and others. The flagship event of UWW is the World Wrestling Championships.
Dharambir Agnihotri
Dharambir Agnihotri (13 March 1946 – 27 August 2022) was a member of the Indian National Congress  party. He was the member of Punjab Legislative Assembly  (MLA) from Tarn Taran Assembly Constituency between 2017 and 2022.  He was a doctor by training and worked at his hospital named Agnihotri Hospital in village Sheron Tarn Taran.

Agnihotri was elected to the Punjab Vidhan Sabha for the first time in 2017. Remained General Secretary Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee, Chandigarh and President District Congress Committee Tarn Taran. He also held the office as  Member of the Estimate Committee of Punjab Vidhan Sabha (2017-18) and member of Committee on Estimates of Punjab Vidhan Sabha (2018-19). He was member of recently formed Cooperation Department. He was also member of Privilege committee and Local Body Committee in Government of Punjab.

Harmeet Singh Sandhu
Harmeet Singh Sandhu is an Indian politician. He belongs to the Aam Aadmi Party. He is a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly and represents Tarn Taran since 2025 and previously from 2002 to 2017.
Farmingdale, New York
Farmingdale is an incorporated village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on Long Island, New York, United States. It is considered the anchor community of the Greater Farmingdale area. The population was 8,466 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Farmingdale is located approximately 37 miles (60 km) to the southeast of Midtown Manhattan.

Central Branch (Long Island Rail Road)
The Central Branch is a rail line owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) in the U.S. state of New York, extending from BETH Interlocking (40°44′02″N 73°28′12″W﻿ / ﻿40.734°N 73.470°W﻿ / 40.734; -73.470) just east of Bethpage station to Belmont Junction (40°41′46″N 73°20′28″W﻿ / ﻿40.696°N 73.341°W﻿ / 40.696; -73.341) just west of Babylon station. It was built in 1873 as part of the Babylon Extension of the Central Railroad of Long Island (CRRLI), which was owned by Alexander Turney Stewart. The branch was mostly unused following the 1876 merger of the CRRLI and the LIRR, but in 1925 it was rebuilt and reconfigured to connect Bethpage and Babylon stations.
Das Supertalent season 5
The broadcast of the fifth season began on 16 September 2011. The judges were Dieter Bohlen, Sylvie van der Vaart and Motsi Mabuse. It was hosted by Daniel Hartwich and Marco Schreyl. Like the years before, television presenter Nina Moghaddam shows what goes behind the scenes of the show.

The panpipe-player, Leo Rojas, won the competition and €100 000.

Dieter Bohlen
Dieter Bohlen (German: [ˈdiːtɐ ˈboːlən]; born Dieter Günter Bohlen on 7 February 1954) is a German songwriter, producer, singer and television personality. He first achieved fame as a member of the pop duo Modern Talking in the 1980s, and has since produced numerous German and international artists. He is also a judge on casting shows Deutschland sucht den Superstar and Das Supertalent.
Gregorio de Salinas Varona
Gregorio de Salinas Varona (1647 or 1650 in Tormé, Burgos, Spain – 1720 in Mexico City, New Spain, Spanish Empire) was a noble and Spanish administrator who served as governor in Texas, Nueva Extremadura, New Spain, Nuevo Leon (the latter two localized in Mexico), Honduras and Pensacola. He was from Burgos and was descended from a noble family of civil servants with roots in the towns of Salinas de Rosío and Medina de Pomar.

Province of Burgos
The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Burgos is the province of Spain that has borders with most provinces. Its capital is the city of Burgos.

The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.
Discovery (Electric Light Orchestra album)
Discovery is the eighth studio album by English rock band Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). It was released on 1 June 1979 in the United Kingdom by Jet Records, where it topped record charts, and on 8 June in the United States on Jet through Columbia Records distribution. A music video album featuring all the songs being played by the band was then released on VHS in 1979, then re-released as part of the Out of the Blue: Live at Wembley DVD and VHS in 1998.

Jet Records
Jet Records was a British record label started by Don Arden in 1974, featuring musicians such as Lynsey de Paul, Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), Roy Wood, Gary Moore, Ozzy Osbourne, Alan Price, Adrian Gurvitz, Riot, Magnum and Trickster.
North Ormesby
North Ormesby is a part of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. The area has gained the common nickname of Doggy, it is of unknown origin. Population of the now former "North Ormesby and Brambles Farm" ward was 6,268, at the 2011 census, with Brambles Farm being south-east of the area. The area became its own ward in 2015.

It is near the River Tees's southern banks, with the A66 road and Teesdale Way (long-distance walking route) passing to the north of the area, the A171 road (Cargo Fleet Lane) to the east, the A1085 road (Longlands Road) to the south with the A172 road and Esk Valley Line to the west.

River Tees
The River Tees (/tiːz/), in England, rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines and flows eastwards for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the North Sea in the North East of England. The modern-day history of the river has been tied with the industries on Teesside in its lower reaches, where it has provided the means of import and export of goods to and from the North East England. The need for water further downstream also meant that reservoirs were built in the extreme upper reaches, such as Cow Green.
Kevin Howe
Kevin Howe is an American retired soccer defender who played professionally in the North American Soccer League.

Howe, along with his brother Tom, graduated from Christian Brothers College High School in St. Louis, Missouri.  He then attended Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville where he played on the men's soccer team from 1969 to 1972. In 1972, Howe was the captain of the Couger's soccer team as it won the NCAA Men's Division II Soccer Championship.  He graduated in 1974 with a bachelor's degree in psychology and was inducted into the Cougars Hall of Fame in 2009.  In 1973, Howe turned professional with the Atlanta Apollos of the North American Soccer League.  He moved to the Denver Dynamos for the 1974 and 1975 seasons.

In 2004, the St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame inducted Howe.

NCAA Division II men's soccer tournament
The NCAA Division II men's soccer tournament (formerly the NCAA College Division soccer tournament) is an annual event organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to determine the national champions of men's collegiate soccer among its Division II members in the United States and Canada. It has been held every year since 1972; prior to that, all teams competed in a single tournament.

The most successful program has been Southern Connecticut State, with six national titles.

Midwestern State are the defending champions, winning their first national title in 2025.
Flora of Morocco
Morocco provides a refuge for a rich and diverse flora with about 4,200 taxa, of which 22% (879 taxa) are endemic. The phytogeographic zones of Morocco comprise 8 zones: the Mediterranean zone (central 0–500m, middle 500-1,000m and upper 1,100-1500m), the Cedar zone (1000-2000m), the sub-Alpine zone (2,000-2,500m), the Alpine zone (2,500m+), the semi-desert scrub zone, the Reg , the sandy desert zone and the oases.

Salvadora persica
Salvadora persica or the toothbrush tree is a small evergreen tree. Regional common names include arak, jhal, and mustard tree. Its roots and twigs called miswak are traditionally used for chewing as a toothbrush.

The tree is native from the Middle East and North Africa to India.
Shorty Long
Frederick Earl "Shorty" Long (May 20, 1940 – June 29, 1969) was an American soul singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer for Motown's Soul Records imprint. He was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1980.

Chantilly Lace (song)
"Chantilly Lace" is a 1958 rock and roll song by The Big Bopper. It was produced by Jerry Kennedy, and reached No. 6 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Bruce Channel covered the song on his 1962 album, Hey! Baby. The song was also covered by Jerry Lee Lewis in 1972.
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Katsina State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Katsina State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Katsina State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

Bello Mandiya
Bello Mandiya thumbⓘ is a Nigerian politician, who was the elected Senator for the Katsina South Senatorial district in February 2019 Nigerian general elections on the platform of All Progressives Congress (APC). He was the former chief of staff to the Katsina State governor Aminu Bello Masari.

Bello's bid to return to the Senate in 2023 suffered a setback after he was defeated by Senator Muntari Dandutse in the primary election of the All Progressives Congress for the Katsina South senatorial district.
HD 183263 b
HD 183263 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 183263. This planet has a minimum mass of 3.6 times more than Jupiter and takes 625 days to orbit the star. The planet was discovered on January 25, 2005 using multiple Doppler measurements of five nearby FGK main-sequence stars and subgiants obtained during the past 4–6 years at the Keck Observatory in Mauna Kea, Hawaii. These stars, namely, HD 183263, HD 117207, HD 188015, HD 45350, and HD 99492, all exhibit coherent variations in their Doppler shifts consistent with a planet in Keplerian motion, and the results were published in a paper by Geoffrey Marcy et al. Photometric observations were acquired for four of the five host stars with an automatic telescope at Fairborn Observatory. The lack of brightness variations in phase with the radial velocities supports planetary-reflex motion as the cause of the velocity variations. An additional planet in the system was discovered later.

83 Leonis
83 Leonis, abbreviated 83 Leo, is a binary star system approximately 59 light-years away in the constellation of Leo (the Lion).  The primary star of the system is a cool orange subgiant star, while the secondary star is an orange dwarf star.  The two stars are separated by at least 515 astronomical units from each other, and have a combined apparent magnitude of 6.12.  Both stars are presumed to be cooler than the Sun.

The primary star is also known as HD 99491 and the secondary star as HD 99492. In 2005, an exoplanet was confirmed to be orbiting the secondary star within the system.
Verkhny Zub
Verkhny Zub (Russian: Верхний Зуб, Shor: Амзас-Таскыл, romanized: Amzas-Taskıl, Khakas: Тигір тізі, romanized: Tigĕr tĕzĕ) is a peak in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. It is the highest point of the federal subject.

The name of the mountain in the Khakas language "Тигір тізі" means "heavenly tooth". The mountain is part of the Kuznetsk Alatau State Nature Reserve, a protected area.

Shor language
Shor (endonym: шор тили, şor tili; тадар тили, tadar tili), or Kuznets Tatar, is a critically endangered Turkic language spoken by about 2,800 people in a region called Mountain Shoriya, in Kemerovo Oblast in Southwest Siberia, although the entire Shor population in this area is over 12,000 people. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. During this period the Shor language was neither written nor taught in schools. However, since the 1980s and 1990s there has been a Shor language revival. The language is now taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University.
Al-Ahrar al-Musawwara
The Arabic-language journal al-Ahrar al-Musawwara (Arabic: الأحرار المصورة; English: "The Illustrated Liberal Journal") claimed to be a literary, critical, humorous, and fictional journal published weekly in Beirut between 1926 and 1927. It was edited as a supplement to the daily newspaper Al Ahrar, published by the Lebanese journalist Gebran Tueni, who was also the founder of the journal an-Nahar.

The publication period of the magazine were important and eventful years in the history of Lebanon, as the country was under French mandate and divided into various states at that time. Al-Ahrar al-Musawwara used humor and caricatures to portray Lebanon and its political communities during the French mandate.

Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.
University of East Anglia Boat Club
The University of East Anglia Boat Club (UEABC) is the rowing club of the University of East Anglia, England. It currently has 60 members and rows year round from September to July. The club rows on the Yare River in Norwich and has its main base at the Whitlingham boathouse on Whitlingham Lane, where is shares facilities with the local rowing and canoeing clubs, Norwich School and Norwich High School. The boathouse is centred 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from the University and the club has the UEA Sportspark on campus.

Samantha Redgrave
Samantha Redgrave (born 18 August 1994) is a British rower. She won gold medals in the coxless four at the 2022 European Rowing Championships, the 2024 European Rowing Championships, and the 2022 World Rowing Championships.