hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big Rivers Regional Trail
Big Rivers Regional Trail is a paved 4.5-mile (7.2 km) rail trail that overlooks the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers along the northern edge of Dakota County, Minnesota, United States.  It runs between the cities of Eagan and Lilydale.

The trail also links to the 72-mile (116 km) Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, hundreds of miles of trails throughout the greater Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, and historic landmarks including Fort Snelling, Pike Island and the city of Mendota, one of Minnesota's oldest settlements.

The Big Rivers Trailhead provides access to a nearly flat paved trail built on an abandoned railroad bed. Minnesota State Highway 55 in Mendota Heights, I-494 in Eagan, and I-35E in Mendota Heights are additional access points to the Big Rivers Regional Trail.

Interstate 494
Interstate 494 (I-494) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway making up part of a beltway of I-94, circling through the southern and western portions of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area in Minnesota. The 42.94-mile (69.11 km) road is coupled with I-694 (which circles the northern edge of the Twin Cities metro area) at each end and composes more than half of the major beltway of the region. I-694/I-494 also act as loop routes for I-35E and I-35W.

The speed limit on I-494 is 60 mph (97 km/h). Interstate Highways outside of the loop in Minnesota may be signed as high as 70 mph (110 km/h). Most highways inside the loop are signed at speeds of 55 mph (89 km/h) or lower, though a few exceptions were added in September 2005, allowing speeds of up to 60 mph (97 km/h) in some places. Those roads had been signed at 60 mph (97 km/h) or higher up until the 1973 oil crisis.
Eva Krížiková
Eva Krížiková (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈeʋa ˈkriːʐikɔʋaː]; 15 July 1934 – 31 March 2020) was a Slovak film and stage actress, often celebrated as one of the greatest entertainers ever in her country of origin and The First Lady of Slovak Humor, respectively. Apart from her cinematic achievements, her name was credited in over five hundred productions made for television.

Slovak National Theatre
The Slovak National Theater (Slovak: Slovenské národné divadlo, abbr. SND) is the oldest professional theatre in Slovakia, consisting of three ensembles: opera, ballet, and drama. Its history begins shortly after the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic in 1918. It is located in the capital, Bratislava.

The theatre is currently based in two separate buildings: the historic Neo-Renaissance building at Gorkého 2 (Hviezdoslavovo námestie) and the new SND building in the Old Town, opened on 14 April 2007, at Pribinova 17. Performances take place on most days of the year. The Slovak National Theatre has represented Slovak culture on its numerous tours abroad.
Ula, Muğla
Ula is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 479 km2, and its population is 26,613 (2022). Its name reflects the ancient town of Ula in ancient Caria, whose site is conjectured to be nearby.

The town of Ula is situated at a distance of only 14 km (9 mi) from the province seat of Muğla, a mile after a bifurcation on the road to Marmaris. It is notable for its old houses in the Turkish style and the vast forest region that extends to the south along the country road called Çiçekli after the town. The history of the inhabitants and the town, situated in ancient Caria, can be traced at least as far back as the dynasty of Menteşe.

The towns of Akyaka and Gökova, situated at a close distance to each other at the tip of the Gulf of Gökova, are both rising centers of international tourism.

Menteshe
Menteshe (Ottoman Turkish: منتشه, Turkish: Menteşe) was the first of the Turkish Anatolian beyliks (principality), the frontier principalities established by the Oghuz Turks after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum. Founded in 1260/1290, it was named for its founder, Menteshe Bey. Its capital city was Milas (Mylasa) in southwestern Anatolia.

The heartland of the beylik corresponded roughly to ancient Caria or to the early modern Muğla Province in Turkey, including the province's three protruding peninsulas.  Among the important centers within the beylik were the cities of Beçin, Milas, Balat, Elmalı, Finike, Kaş, Mağrı (modern Fethiye), Muğla, Çameli, Acıpayam, Tavas, Bozdoğan, and Çine.  The city of Aydın (formerly Tralles) was controlled by this beylik for a time, during which it was called "Güzelhisar"; it later was transferred to the Aydinids in the north, who renamed the city for the founder of their dynasty.
Harrogate Spring Water
Harrogate Spring Water is a brand of spring water first sold in 1740 by  Harrogate water.  That company was incorporated on 16 August 2000 by Danone which manufactures plastic and glass bottled spring water, from Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England and distributes its bottles all over the world. Spa waters were first discovered in Harrogate in the 16th century, with water bottled in glass only for the town from the 1740s.

Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to prehistoric times. Spa towns, spa resorts, and day spas are popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020
This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this pandemic began in December 2019.

BioNTech
BioNTech SE (/biːˈɒntɛk/ bee-ON-tek; or /baɪˈɒntɛk/ bye-ON-tek short for Biopharmaceutical New Technologies) is a German multinational biotechnology company headquartered in Mainz that develops immunotherapies and vaccines, particularly for cancer and infectious diseases.

The company utilizes technology platforms including mRNA-based therapies, targeted therapies, and immunomodulators, to develop its treatments. BioNTech's pipeline includes several late-stage programs in oncology testing combination therapy approaches to improve treatment outcomes.

In the field of infectious diseases, BioNTech, partnering with Pfizer, developed Comirnaty, the first approved mRNA-based vaccine, which was widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Thomas J. Bowles (physicist)
Thomas Joseph (Tom) Bowles is an American nuclear physicist who works at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.  He served as the Laboratory's Chief Science Officer from 2004 to 2006, and also was science advisor to New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson from 2006.

Bowles received his B.Sc. degree at the University of Colorado in 1973 and his Ph.D. at Princeton University in 1978. He joined the Physics Division at Los Alamos in 1979 and was named a Fellow of the Laboratory in 1994.

He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1992  and awarded the M. A. Markov Prize by the Russian Academy of Sciences' Institute for Nuclear Research in 2003.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Open Arena Les Sables d'Olonne
The Open Arena Les Sables d'Olonne is a WTA 125-level professional women's tennis tournament. It takes place on indoor hardcourts at ARENA Stadium in the city of Les Sables d'Olonne in France. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga is the tournament ambassador.

Les Sables-d'Olonne
Les Sables-d'Olonne (French pronunciation: [le sabl dɔlɔn] ⓘ; Poitevin: Lés Sablles d'Oloune; lit. 'The Sands of Olonne') is a seaside resort and port on the Atlantic coast of Western France, best known as the starting and finishing point of the round the world Vendée Globe yacht race. A subprefecture of the Vendée department, Pays de la Loire, administratively it is a commune, Vendée's second most populated after La Roche-sur-Yon. On 1 January 2019, the communes of Olonne-sur-Mer, Château-d'Olonne and Les Sables-d'Olonne merged, retaining the latter name.
Diamond inclusions
Diamond inclusions are the non-diamond materials that get encapsulated inside diamond during its formation process in the mantle. The trapped materials can be other minerals or fluids like water. Since diamonds have high strength and low reactivity with either the inclusion or the volcanic host rocks which carry the diamond to the Earth's surface, the diamond serves as a container that preserves the included material intact under the changing conditions from the mantle to the surface. Although diamonds can only place a lower bound on the pressure of their formation, many inclusions provide additional constraints on the pressure, temperature and even age of formation.

Mantle (geology)
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density.  All terrestrial planets (including Earth), half of the giant planets, specifically ice giants, a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.
TASF reagent
The TASF reagent or tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate is a reagent in organic chemistry with structural formula [((CH3)2N)3S]+[F2Si(CH3)3]−.  It is an anhydrous source of fluoride and is used to cleave silyl ether protective groups.  Many other fluoride reagents are known, but few are truly anhydrous, because of the extraordinary basicity of "naked" F−.  In TASF, the fluoride is masked as an adduct with the weak Lewis acid trimethylsilylfluoride (FSi(CH3)3).  The sulfonium cation ((CH3)2N)3S+ is unusually non-electrophilic due to the electron-donating properties of the three (CH3)2N substituents.

This compound is prepared from sulfur tetrafluoride:

3 (CH3)2NSi(CH3)3  +  SF4  →  2 (CH3)3SiF  + [((CH3)2N)3S]+[F2Si(CH3)3]−

The colorless salt precipitates from the reaction solvent, diethyl ether.

Fluoride
Fluoride (/ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr-/) is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F− (also written [F]−), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base, since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature.
CNBC Titans
CNBC Titans is a documentary television series airing on CNBC featuring some of the most famous personalities, companies, and entrepreneurs in the world of business.

Those featured on the show are the following.

George Foreman (August 11, 2010)

Ted Turner (September 22, 2010)

Hugh Hefner (October 13, 2010)

Donald Trump (November 17, 2010)

Merv Griffin (December 2, 2010)

Steve Jobs (June 23, 2011)

Procter & Gamble (July 7, 2011)

Herb Kelleher (July 14, 2011)

Quincy Jones (July 21, 2011)

Milton Hershey (July 28, 2011)

Lee Iacocca (August 11, 2011)

Barry Diller (August 18, 2011)

Leo Burnett (August 25, 2011)

Lee Iacocca
Lido Anthony "Lee" Iacocca (/ˌaɪ.əˈkoʊkə/ EYE-ə-KOH-kə; October 15, 1924 – July 2, 2019) was an American author, engineer, and an executive who developed the Ford Mustang, Continental Mark III, and Ford Pinto cars while at the Ford Motor Company in the 1960s, and then revived  the Chrysler Corporation as its CEO during the 1980s. He was president of Chrysler from 1978 to 1991 and chairman and CEO from 1979 until his retirement at the end of 1992. He was one of the few executives to preside over the operations of two of the United States' Big Three automakers.

Iacocca authored or co-authored several books, including Iacocca: An Autobiography (with William Novak), and Where Have All the Leaders Gone?.
Cutaneous actinomycosis
Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Caused by an anaerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous type of bacteria in the genus Actinomyces,: 270  invasion of the soft tissue leads to the formation of abnormal channels leading to the skin surface (external sinus tracts) that discharge pale yellow sulfur granules.

This disease is uncommon, and has non-specific clinical features, making it difficult to diagnose.

Cervicofacial, pulmonary/thoracic and gastrointestinal forms exist, yet cervicofacial disease accounts for two-thirds of reported infections.

Subcutaneous tissue
The subcutaneous tissue (from Latin  subcutaneous 'beneath the skin'), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek 'beneath the skin'), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the layer are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The subcutaneous tissue is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the mesoderm's dermatome region. It consists primarily of loose connective tissue and contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis. It is a major site of fat storage in the body.

In arthropods, a hypodermis can refer to an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants.
Buddy of the Legion
Buddy of the Legion is an American animated short film, released on April 6, 1935. It is a Looney Tunes cartoon, featuring Buddy, the second star of the series. It was directed by Ben Hardaway; Bernard Brown was musical director.

Ben Hardaway
Joseph Benson Hardaway (May 21, 1895 – February 5, 1957) was an American storyboard artist, animator, voice actor, gagman, writer and director for several American animation studios during The Golden Age of Hollywood animation. He was sometimes credited as J. B. Hardaway, Ben Hardaway, B. Hardaway and Bugs Hardaway. He fought in World War I in the 129th Field Artillery Regiment, Battery D.
CommonGround (software)
CommonGround is a Web app that helps mental health clients identify treatment preferences and effectively communicate them to clinicians. CommonGround Software supports shared-decision making in behavioral health. It brings the voice of the individual to the center of the care team. In this way, the team can focus on "what matters to you" rather than "what's the matter with you?"

People diagnosed with mental health disorders are often faced with complex treatment options. Shared decision making can be useful when medical evidence does not suggest a clearly optimal treatment path. The program makes use of shared decision making to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of consultations, and has led to higher levels of satisfaction among clients.

Shared decision-making in medicine
Shared decision-making in medicine (SDM) is a process in which both the patient and physician contribute to the medical decision-making process  and  agree  on  treatment  decisions. Health care providers explain treatments and alternatives to patients and help them choose the treatment option that best aligns with their preferences as well as their unique cultural and personal beliefs. SDM has also been described as a method of care.

In contrast to SDM, the traditional biomedical care system placed physicians in a position of authority with patients playing a passive role in care.  Physicians instructed patients about what to do, and patients rarely took part in the treatment decision.
Magh Adhair
Magh Adhair (Irish pronunciation: [ˌmˠaː ˈəiɾʲ]; "Adair's plain") is a former inauguration site and place of archaeological significance located near the village of Quin, County Clare, in Ireland. Traditionally known as the place in which the kings of Thomond were installed, most notably the O'Briens, the site itself consists of numerous monuments, including a mound, standing stone, fulacht fiadh and a bullaun stone.

Mound
A mound is a heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. Most commonly, mounds are earthen formations such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. A mound may be any rounded area of topographically higher elevation on any surface.   Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including habitation (see Tell and Terp), ceremonial (platform mound), burial (tumulus), and commemorative purposes (e.g. Kościuszko Mound).
Equal Pay Day
Equal Pay Day is the symbolic day dedicated to raising awareness of the gender pay gap. This date symbolizes how far into the year the median woman must work (in addition to their earnings last year) in order to have earned what the median man had earned the entire previous year. The exact day differs year by year. In 2022, it was March 15 in the United States and November 14 in the Netherlands. On average, women earn $0.82 for every dollar men earned in 2019.

Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.
My Love Came Back
My Love Came Back is a 1940 American comedy-drama film directed by Curtis Bernhardt and starring Olivia de Havilland, Jeffrey Lynn, Eddie Albert, and Jane Wyman. Based on the 1935 Austrian film Episode written and directed by Walter Reisch, the film is about a gifted young violinist who considers leaving a prestigious music academy to play in a jazz band to earn money. The academy's new president—a distinguished wealthy patron of the arts—convinces her to stay after secretly arranging a scholarship for her out of his own pocket, and the two begin attending concerts together. Complications arise when he asks his young business manager to take his place at one of the concerts. The film is notable for Heinz Eric Roemheld's musical direction and Ray Heindorf's unique swing orchestral arrangements of classical pieces. My Love Came Back was released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on July 13, 1940.

Swing time
In music, the term swing has two main uses. Colloquially, it is used to describe the propulsive quality or "feel" of a rhythm, especially when the music prompts a visceral response such as foot-tapping or head-nodding (see pulse). This sense can also be called "groove".

The term swing feel, as well as swung note(s) and swung rhythm, is also used more specifically to refer to a technique (most commonly associated with jazz but also used in other genres) that involves alternately lengthening and shortening the first and second consecutive notes in the two part pulse-divisions in a beat.
Dichlorocarbene
Dichlorocarbene is the reactive intermediate with chemical formula CCl2. Although this chemical species has not been isolated, it is a common intermediate in organic chemistry, being generated from chloroform. This bent diamagnetic molecule rapidly inserts into other bonds.

Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene or under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, and abbreviations such as perc (or PERC), and PCE, is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2. It is a volatile, non-flammable, stable, colorless and dense liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and as a metal degreasing solvent, formerly as an oral anthelmintic. It has a mildly sweet, sharp odor, detectable by most people at a concentration of 50 ppm.

Because of its wide usage, tetrachloroethylene has been extensively assessed as a potential hazard, resulting in government publications about its potential for neurotoxicity and carcinogenesis from chronic or repeated exposure. Improper disposal has caused groundwater pollution.
1997 America East men's basketball tournament
The 1997 America East men's basketball tournament was hosted by the Delaware Blue Hens at Bob Carpenter Center . The final was held at Case Gym on the campus of Boston University. Boston University gained its fourth overall America East Conference Championship and an automatic berth to the NCAA tournament with its win over Drexel. Boston University was given the 12th seed in the Midwest Regional of the NCAA Tournament and lost in the first round to Tulsa 81–52. Drexel University gained a bid to the NIT and lost in the first round to Bradley 66–53.

Bob Carpenter Center
Bob Carpenter Center is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena, in Newark, Delaware, named in honor of benefactor and trustee, R. R. M. Carpenter Jr. (1915–1990). Students at the University of Delaware have nicknamed it "The Bob."
SS Oakmar
SS Oakmar was an American steam-powered  cargo ship built in 1920 as Eastern Exporter for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). She was renamed William Campion after being bought by the Garland Steamship Corporation in 1923 and then Oakmar after being bought by the Calmar Steamship Company in 1927. She was sunk off the coast of North Carolina in World War II on March 20, 1942, by the German submarine U-71.

United States Shipping Board
The United States Shipping Board (USSB) was a corporation established as an emergency agency by the 1916 Shipping Act (39 Stat. 729), on September 7, 1916. The United States Shipping Board's task was to increase the number of US ships supporting the World War I efforts. The program ended on March 2, 1934.