hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minden region
The Minden Region (German: Regierungsbezirk Minden) was a government region located in the north-easternmost part of the Prussian Province of Westphalia. It existed from the years 1816 to 1947. It had an area of 5,262 km² and 736,128 inhabitants (1910). One third were Catholics. The capital was Minden and the region was divided into eleven districts.

The Minden Region ceased to exist in 1947, when it merged with the Free State of Lippe to form the Detmold Region in the new federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Districts of Prussia
Prussian districts (German: Kreise, lit. 'circles') were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia, part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918 (26 units), and its successor state, the Free State of Prussia, similar to a county or a shire. They were established in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg Reforms from 1815 to 1818 at an intermediate level, between the higher provinces and the government districts (Regierungsbezirke), and the lower municipal governments (Gemeinden). Then part of a modern and highly effective public administration structure, they served as a model for the present-day districts of Germany

In the aftermath of World War I, the Prussian districts of Eupen and Malmedy (Belgium) were annexed by Belgium in 1925, thereby causing the presence of a German-speaking minority.
Hornbuckle
Hornbuckle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexis Hornbuckle (born 1985), American professional basketball player

Dan Hornbuckle (born 1980),  American mixed martial artist

Sean Hornbuckle (born 1985), American politician from West Virginia

Terry Hornbuckle (born 1962), American pastor convicted of rape

Alexis Hornbuckle
Alexis Kay'ree Hornbuckle (born October 16, 1985) is an American former professional basketball player who played several seasons in the Women's National Basketball Association. She is the only player to win an NCAA title and WNBA title in the same year (2008 - with the University of Tennessee and the Detroit Shock).
Susan Domchek
Susan M. Domchek is an oncologist at the University of Pennsylvania, Executive Director of the Basser Center for BRCA, the Basser Professor in Oncology at the Perelman School of Medicine, and Director of the Mariann and Robert MacDonald Cancer Risk Evaluation Program at Penn Medicine. She has authored more than 250 articles in scholarly journals. In 2018, Domchek was elected to the National Academy of Medicine.

Perelman School of Medicine
The Perelman School of Medicine, previously the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (Penn Med), is the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy league research university in Philadelphia. Founded in 1765, it is the oldest medical school in the United States.

As of 2024, the school has about 2,900 faculty members and nearly $1 billion in annual sponsored program awards.
Demchok, Ngari Prefecture
Demchok
(Tibetan: བདེ་མཆོག, Wylie: bde mchog, THL: dem chok, ZWPY: dêmqog), is a Chinese-administered village in the Zhaxigang Township, Ngari Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. India disputes the status and claims it as part of the Demchok sector that it regards as part of Ladakh.

Tibetan pinyin
The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Standard Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin or ZWPY (Chinese: 藏文拼音; pinyin: Zàngwén Pīnyīn), is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. It is based on the pronunciation used by China National Radio's Tibetan Radio, which is based on the Lhasa dialect. It has been used within China and international cartographic products as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script since 1982.

Tibetan pinyin is a phonetic transcription, and as such its spelling is tied to actual pronunciation (although tone is not marked). Wylie on the other hand is a transliteration system, where mechanical conversion to and from Tibetan and Latin script is possible. Within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with a v replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.
Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts
The Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts were a series of conflicts in the Spice Islands in eastern Indonesia between the Portuguese and their allies on one hand, and the Sultanate of Ternate and its allies, on the other. Hostilities broke out from time to time after the establishment of Portugal in Moluccas in 1522. The strongly Catholic and Muslim identities of the combatants gave the struggle elements of a war of religion, although this aspect was frequently blurred by cross-faith alliances. It was also an economic war since the Portuguese aim was to control export of the profitable trade in cloves. Portuguese-Ternatean rivalry later merged with attempts of expansion by the Spaniards in the Philippines. The Portuguese were eventually defeated in 1605 by an alliance between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and Ternate, ending their active involvement in Moluccas affairs. However, they were soon replaced by the Spanish who maintained an Iberian presence in the region up to 1663.

Aceh Sultanate
The Aceh Sultanate, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (Acehnese: Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: اچيه دارالسلام‎), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day province Indonesia of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline. Its capital was Kutaraja, the present-day Banda Aceh.

At its peak it competed with the Sultanate of Johor and Portuguese Malacca, both on the Malay Peninsula, as all three attempted to control the trade through the Strait of Malacca and the regional exports of pepper and tin, with varying success. In addition to its considerable military strength, the court of Aceh became a noted center of Islamic scholarship and trade.
Aeroflot Flight B-2
Aeroflot Flight B-2 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight operated by Aeroflot from Vitim Airport in the Sakha Republic to Irkutsk International Airport near Irkutsk. On 20 July 1977, the Avia 14 operating this flight crashed into trees outside the airport shortly after takeoff. Thirty-three passengers and all six crewmembers were killed, while one passenger survived.

The Air Accident Investigation Commission concluded the cause of the accident was the use of a runway unsuitable for takeoff.

Vitim Airport
Vitim Airport is a public use airport built in Vitim, Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Russia during World War II for the Alaska-Siberian (ALSIB) air route used to ferry American Lend-Lease aircraft to the Eastern Front.
Shore Porters Society
The Shore Porters Society is a removals, haulage and storage company based in Aberdeen, Scotland, established by a minute of the local council dated 22 June 1498.

The company originated as a group or co-operative of porters working in Aberdeen Harbour. In 1666, two trading units were founded, the General Haulage Department or Horse and Van Department, and the Property and Warehousing Department which provided for retired and sick members. Until the mid 19th century the society was controlled by Aberdeen Town Council. It is now an unincorporated association controlled by four partners, nine retired members and one widow.

The Society also operates under the trading name of Rumsey & Son from Richmond-upon-Thames, which was originally a family business founded in 1921. The Shore Porters Society acquired the firm in 1992 as a domestic remover in Southwest London.

Moving company
A moving company, also known as a removalist or van line, is a company that specializes in assisting individuals and businesses with relocating their goods from one location to another. Moving companies may offer additional or all-inclusive services for relocations, like packing, loading, moving, unloading, unpacking, and arranging of items to be shifted. Additional services may include cleaning services for houses, offices or warehousing facilities.
Psomophis genimaculatus
Psomophis genimaculatus, also known commonly as the spirit diminutive snake, the spirit ground snake, and cobra-cabelo in Brazilian Portuguese, is a species of snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to South America.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Sainte-Agnès, Jura
Sainte-Agnès (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t aɲɛs]) is a former commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2025, it was merged into the commune of Val-Sonnette.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Ellis Island Revisited
Ellis Island Revisited: Tales of Vagrancy and Hope (French Récits d'Ellis Island: histoires d'errance et d'espoir) is the first documentary film directed by Robert Bober, filmed in New York in 1979 and broadcast by the French television channel TF1 on November 25 and 26, 1980. The script was written by the French writer Georges Perec, who also provided the commentary of the first part of the film and conducted the interviews in the second part.

Georges Perec
Georges Perec  (French: [ʒɔʁʒ peʁɛk]; 7 March 1936 – 3 March 1982) was a French novelist, filmmaker, documentalist, and essayist. He was a member of the Oulipo group. His father died as a soldier early in the Second World War and his mother was killed in the Holocaust. Many of his works deal with absence, loss, and identity, often through word play.
Memory latency
Memory latency is the time (the latency) between initiating a request for a byte or word in memory until it is retrieved by a processor. If the data are not in the processor's cache, it takes longer to obtain them, as the processor will have to communicate with the external memory cells. Latency is therefore a fundamental measure of the speed of memory: the less the latency, the faster the reading operation.

Latency should not be confused with memory bandwidth, which measures the throughput of memory. Latency can be expressed in clock cycles or in time measured in nanoseconds. Over time, memory latencies expressed in clock cycles have been fairly stable, but they have improved in time.

Nanosecond
A nanosecond (ns) is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one billionth of a second, that is, ⁠1/1000000000⁠ of a second, or 10−9 seconds.

The term combines the SI prefix nano- indicating a 1 billionth submultiple of an SI unit (e.g. nanogram, nanometre, etc.) and second, the primary unit of time in the SI.

A nanosecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 31.69 years.

A nanosecond is equal to 1000 picoseconds or ⁠1/1000⁠ microsecond.  Time units ranging between 10−8 and 10−7 seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of nanoseconds.

Time units of this granularity are commonly found in telecommunications, pulsed lasers, and related aspects of electronics.
Icém
Icém is a municipality in the northern part of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 8,304 (2020 est.) in an area of 362.59 km2 (140.00 sq mi). It is part of the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto. It is also known as Princesa do Vale, or "Princess of the Valley." Icem is situated near the important urban centers of São José do Rio Preto, Olímpia, Catanduva, and Mirassol. The Marimbondo Dam, which forms a big reservoir in the Rio Grande, is situated close to Icém.

Catanduva
Catanduva is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 122,497 (2020 est.) in an area of 290.59 km2. Is the second largest city in the Northern part of the state, after São José do Rio Preto. The city has a diversified economy, and the cultivation and processing of sugarcane is relevant.

Catanduva is the center of the microregion of Catanduva with 221,465 inhabitants, in an area of 2,283.6 km2.
Pinky Ward
Thomas "Pinky" Ward was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1920s and 1930s.

A native of Atlantic City, New Jersey, Ward made his Negro leagues debut in 1923 with the Washington Potomacs. He went on to play for several teams, including the Chicago American Giants and Memphis Red Sox, and finished his career in 1934 with the Cincinnati Tigers.

Washington Potomacs
The Washington Potomacs were a Negro league baseball team in the Eastern Colored League, based in Washington, D.C., in 1924. They also operated as an independent team in 1923. In 1925 the Potomacs moved to Wilmington, Delaware where they played as the Wilmington Potomacs for the 1925 season. In mid-July, George Robinson, owner of the Potomacs, announced that his team was folding and was unable to complete the season. The league contracted to seven teams and the Potomacs players were dispersed to other teams.
Tonightly
Tonightly is a British comedy entertainment show presented by comedian Jason Manford. It was part of the Generation Next project on Channel 4 and was shown late evening, every weekday. The series concluded on 22 August 2008. The TNT Show, hosted by Jack Whitehall, was essentially a revamped second series of Tonightly.

Jason Manford
Jason John Manford (born 26 May 1981) is an English comedian, singer, presenter and actor.

Manford was a team captain on the Channel 4 panel show 8 Out of 10 Cats from 2007 until 2010 and has presented television shows for the BBC and ITV including Comedy Rocks (2010–2011), The One Show (2010), Show Me the Funny (2011), A Question of Sport: Super Saturday (2014), Bigheads (2017) and Children in Need (2022), and was one of four judges on ITV's Starstruck (2022).

Manford has starred in stage musicals in the West End and across the UK such as Sweeney Todd, The Producers, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Guys and Dolls, Curtains and The Wizard of Oz.
Speaker of the Ondo State House of Assembly
The speaker of the Ondo State House of Assembly is the presiding officer of the Ondo State House of Assembly, elected by its membership. The Speaker is second in line of succession to the Ondo State governorship, after the deputy governor. The current Speaker is Rt. Hon. Olamide Oladiji who was elected on 4 June 2023.

Deputy governor of Ondo State
The deputy governor of Ondo State is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the government of Ondo State, Nigeria, after the governor of Ondo State, and ranks first in line of succession. The deputy governor is directly elected together with the governor to a four-year term of office.

Olayide Adelami is the current deputy governor, having assumed office on 1 February 2024.
Kretzmann Commission
The Kretzmann Commission was a 1969 commission of the Andhra Christian Theological College, in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It was formed in 1969 by the college's board of governors to survey and study the task of theological education in the Churches related to the College Society.

Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church
Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church (AELC) was constituted in the year 1927 in Andhra Pradesh, India.  It is the Indian successor to the United Lutheran Church in America which was started as a self-supporting, self-governing, and self-propagating church among Telugu Christians.
Segmental blood pressure
Segmental blood pressure is used to measure actual limb blood pressure, to assess and locate arterial occlusion.

On the legs, pressure is measured at the ankle, below the knee, above the knee, and mid-thigh. On the arm, measurements are taken at the wrist, below the elbow, above the elbow, and mid-upper arm.

Knee
In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint). It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.

It is often termed a compound joint having tibiofemoral and patellofemoral components. (The fibular collateral ligament is often considered with tibiofemoral components.)
LYME (software bundle)
LYME and LYCE are software stacks composed entirely of free and open-source software to build high-availability heavy duty dynamic web pages. The stacks are composed of:

Linux, the operating system;

Yaws, the web server;

Mnesia or CouchDB, the database;

Erlang, the functional programming language.

The LYME and LYCE bundles can be and are combined with many other free and open-source software packages such as e.g. netsniff-ng for security testing and hardening, Snort, an intrusion detection (IDS) and intrusion prevention system (IPS), RRDtool for diagrams, or Nagios, Collectd, or Cacti, for monitoring.

Snort (software)
Snort is a free open source network intrusion detection system (IDS) and intrusion prevention system (IPS) created in 1998 by Martin Roesch, founder and former CTO of Sourcefire. Snort is now developed by Cisco, which purchased Sourcefire in 2013.

In 2009, Snort entered InfoWorld's Open Source Hall of Fame as one of the "greatest [pieces of] open source software of all time".
John Luik
John C. Luik was a senior fellow of the Democracy Institute. A Rhodes Scholar attached to Hertford College at the University of Oxford, he was a Senior Associate of the Niagara Institute (an affiliate of the Conference Board of Canada) with responsibility for its work in public policy and its Values and Organizational Development programmes." From 1977 to 1990 he taught philosophy and ethics at two Canadian universities, but was dismissed from each (in 1985 and 1990) for misrepresenting his academic credentials. He acted on behalf of the tobacco industry amongst others and was prominent in criticising the evidence related to the claimed links between passive smoking and cancer.

Signal49 Research
Signal49 Research, formerly The Conference Board of Canada, is a non-profit applied-research organization based in Canada that focuses on Canadian economics, human capital, innovation and technology, education and skills, health, sustainability, Indigenous and Northern Communities, and immigration.

In the economics forecasting space, Signal49 Research produces medium- and long-term outlooks on the national, provincial/territorial, metropolitan and industrial economies, as well as proprietary economic indicators and custom economic analyses.

The Conference Board of Canada was established in 1954 as a division of the American National Industrial Conference Board, now known as The Conference Board. It acquired a separate legal identity in 1981, The organization is headquartered in Ottawa, but moved to being fully remote during the pandemic, and has employees located across the country. Susan Black is the President and Chief Executive Officer of The Conference Board of Canada
Jen Pringle
Jennifer Pringle (born 1983, in York) is an English television presenter and actress. Pringle was born in York, and grew up in Scunthorpe. She attended Salford University, studying media and performance.

Pringle is a continuity presenter on Milkshake!, the early morning programming block for young children, and formerly on Shake!, the weekend morning block for older children, on Channel 5. Pringle joined Milkshake! in July 2006. She joined Shake! on 4 October 2009.

Pringle also voices characters in the television shows Angelina Ballerina, Ben and Holly's Little Kingdom, EastEnders E20 and Peppa Pig.

Scunthorpe
Scunthorpe (/ˈskʌnθɔːrp/) is an industrial town in Lincolnshire, England, and the county's third most populous settlement after Lincoln and Grimsby, with a population of 81,286 in 2021. It is the administrative centre and largest settlement of the North Lincolnshire district. Scunthorpe lies north of Lincoln and is between Grimsby to the east and Doncaster to the west, while Hull is to the north-east via the Humber Bridge.
Sloan Cottage
Sloan Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake in the town of Harrietstown, Franklin County, New York.  It was built about 1907 and is a two-story, wood-frame dwelling sided in plain wood shingles with half-timbering above, with an irregular gable roofline in the Shingle Style.  It features a sleeping porch and first floor sitting-out porch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Franklin County, New York
Franklin County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. To the north across the Canada–United States border are the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, from east to west. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 47,555. Its county seat is Malone. The county is named in honor of the United States Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Franklin County comprises the Malone, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. Much of Franklin County is within Adirondack Park. Within the border of the county is the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation, or Akwesasne in the Mohawk language. Its population was nearly 3,300 in the 2010 census. The people are linked by community and history with the Mohawk of the Akwesasne reserve across the river, spanning the border of Quebec and Ontario. The Mohawk have had authority under the Jay Treaty to freely cross this international border.
Eupithecia lanceata
Eupithecia lanceata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is known from most of the Palearctic realm, except for the south. The habitat consists of pine forests.

The wingspan is 16–20 mm. There is one generation per year with adults on wing from April to May.

The larvae feed on Picea abies, Juniperus communis and Larix decidua. Larvae can be found in June. It overwinters as a pupa.

Picea abies
Picea abies, the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the longest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridises freely. The Norway spruce has a wide distribution, being planted for its wood, and is the species used as a Christmas tree in several countries around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced. The Latin specific epithet abies means "like 
Abies, Fir tree".