hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pomarance
Pomarance is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Florence and about 60 km southeast of Pisa.

Pomarance borders the following municipalities: Casole d'Elsa, Castelnuovo di Val di Cecina, Montecatini Val di Cecina, Monterotondo Marittimo, Monteverdi Marittimo, Radicondoli, Volterra.

Pomarance was the hometown of three painters called Pomarancio after it.

From 1968 to 1992 there was at San Dalmazio the static inverter plant of HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia. Today, there is a solar park.

Among the sights in the town are:

Casa Bicocchi: palace of a local aristocratic family, acquired by the commune and now serving as a civic museum. The interior and frescoed rooms decorated mainly from the 19th-century.

Montecatini Val di Cecina
Montecatini Val di Cecina is a small hilltown and comune in the province of Pisa in Tuscany (central Italy). Located approximately 60 kilometres (37 miles) south of Pisa, the  medieval town sits on the Poggio la Croce hill overlooking the Cecina Valley and the larger hilltown of Volterra, which lies just 15 km (9 miles) away.

Local agriculture and the  old copper mine provided Montecatini Val di Cecina with a degree of prosperity in the early Middle Ages.  Like many Tuscan hilltop towns, its medieval aspect has been preserved precisely because lack of economic development. Today, Montecatini Val di Cecina is enjoying a small economic revival through tourism though on a modest scale.
Hexosamines
Hexosamines are amino sugars created by adding an amine group to a hexose.

Examples include:

Fructosamine (based upon fructose)

Galactosamine (based upon galactose)

Glucosamine (based upon glucose)

Mannosamine  (based upon mannose)

Amino sugar
In organic chemistry, an amino sugar is a sugar molecule in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group.  More than 60 amino sugars are known, with one of the most abundant being N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (a 2-amino-2-deoxysugar), which is the main component of chitin.

Derivatives of amine containing sugars, such as N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid, whose nitrogens are part of more complex functional groups rather than formally being amines, are also considered amino sugars. Aminoglycosides are a class of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. These compounds are conjugates of amino sugars and aminocyclitols.
Mir Shabbir Bijarani
Mir Shabbir Ali Bijarani (Urdu: میر شبیر علی بیجارانی; Sindhi: مير شبير علي بجاراڻي؛; born 20 April 1973) is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since February 2024 and previously served in this position from June 2013 to May 2018. He was also the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Mines and Mineral Development, in office from August 2018 till August 2023. He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 till August 2023.

Hazar Khan Bijarani
Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani (Urdu: میرہزار خان بجارانی, 10 July 1946 – 1 February 2018) was a Pakistani politician who was the Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh for Constituency PS-16 (Jacobabad-IV) from his election in June 2013 and the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Planning and Development since August 2016 until his death in February 2018.
Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani was the chief of 36 tribes.
Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani was the son of Sardar Noor Muhammad Khan Bijarani.

A member of Pakistan Peoples Party, Bijarani previously had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 1974 to 1977 and a member of the provincial Sindh cabinet, in various positions. He was elected to the Senate of Pakistan in 1988 and became a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan where he remained from 1990 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 2013. Between 1988 and 2013, he served in the federal cabinet, in various positions.
Mount Knauff
Mount Knauff (71°36′S 169°49′E﻿ / ﻿71.600°S 169.817°E﻿ / -71.600; 169.817) is a mountain that rises to over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) between Egeberg Glacier and the terminus of Dugdale Glacier on the Pennell Coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The east side of Mount Knauff and a spur which extends northward to Robertson Bay are marked by abrupt scarp slopes that are typical of this coast. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Major General Robert A. Knauff, chief of staff of the New York Air National Guard, who supervised five flying wings and the Eastern Air Defense Sector and was primary advisor to the adjutant general on Air Guard matters. Knauff was active in the United States Antarctic Program (USAP) from 2003 and remained a powerful voice in that governing body until retirement in 2009, being involved in many high priority USAP International Polar Year projects, including the commissioning of the new Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in January 2008.

International Polar Year
The International Polar Years (IPY) are collaborative, international efforts with intensive research focus on the polar regions. Karl Weyprecht, an Austro-Hungarian naval officer, motivated the endeavor in 1875, but died before it first occurred in 1882–1883. Fifty years later (1932–1933) a second IPY took place. The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and was organized 75 years after the first IPY (1957–58). The fourth, and most recent, IPY covered two full annual cycles from March 2007 to March 2009.
Ruccones
The Ruccones (also called Rucones, Runcones, or Roccones) were a tribal group, probably related to the Astures or the Basques, who lived semi-autonomously in northern Hispania from the fifth through to the seventh centuries. Their population area extended approximately from modern-day Asturias to La Rioja.

Hispania
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, it was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Roman Empire, under the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was subdivided into Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was reorganized as Hispania Tarraconensis.

Beginning with Diocletian’s Tetrarchy (AD 293), the territory of Tarraconensis was further divided to create the provinces of Carthaginensis and Gallaecia (also called Callaecia, the origin of the name of modern Galicia). All the Hispanic provinces on the mainland, together with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later organized into the Diocesis Hispaniarum, governed by a vicarius.

The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names of Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.
Adalid (surname)
Adalid is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agustín Lazo Adalid (1896–1971), Mexican artist and playwright

Manuel de Adalid y Gamero (1872–1947), Honduran composer

Marcial del Adalid y Gurréa (1826–1881), Spanish composer

María del Adalid (1873–1930), Spanish painter

María del Adalid
María de los Dolores del Adalid y González Garrido (better known as María del Adalid González and María del Adalid Garrido; Madrid, 1873 - A Coruña , 1930) was a Spanish painter and the first person named an honorary member of the Royal Galician Academy. She had a very good relationship with the painter Francisco Llorens Díaz, a disciple of Carlos de Haes.
Foodistan
Foodistan is a television cooking game show. It is produced by BIG Synergy for NDTV Good Times and Geo Entertainment. The show puts India and Pakistan's best chefs against each other in a competition. While their individual cuisines are similar, there are differences between the two cuisines. The show aired 26 episodes. The finale was between Manish Mehrotra from India and Poppy Agha from Pakistan; Manish Mehrotra walked away with the title of Foodistan.

Geo Entertainment
Geo Entertainment or Har Pal Geo is a Pakistani entertainment television channel established by Geo Television Network in May 2002. Its test transmission started on 14 August 2002 on the PAS 10 digital satellite whereas on 1 October 2002 the regular transmission of Geo Entertainment was started.
Stringtown, Tucker County, West Virginia
Stringtown is a ghost town in Tucker County, West Virginia, United States. Stringtown was located at what is now the junction of West Virginia Route 32 and West Virginia Route 72, 9.7 miles (15.6 km) south of Davis.

West Virginia Route 72
West Virginia Route 72 is a north–south state highway in northern West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 32 southeast of Red Creek. The northern terminus is at West Virginia Route 7 east of Kingwood.

For much of the section between U.S. Route 219 east of Parsons and its southern end at West Virginia Route 32, WV 72 consists of a single paved lane with narrow gravel shoulders.  Trucks are prohibited on this stretch by prominently-posted signs.
Spall
Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ball bearing).  Spalling and spallation both describe the process of surface failure in which spall is shed.

The terms spall, spalling, and spallation have been adopted by particle physicists; in neutron scattering instruments, neutrons are generated by bombarding a uranium (or other) target with a stream of atoms. The neutrons that are ejected from the target are known as "spall".

Neutron scattering
Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials. The natural/physical phenomenon is of elemental importance in nuclear engineering and the nuclear sciences. Regarding the experimental technique, understanding and manipulating neutron scattering is fundamental to the applications used in crystallography, physics, physical chemistry, biophysics, and materials research.

Neutron scattering is practiced at research reactors and spallation neutron sources that provide neutron radiation of varying intensities. Neutron diffraction (elastic scattering) techniques are used for analyzing structures; where inelastic neutron scattering is used in studying atomic vibrations and other excitations.
1980–81 Liga Leumit
The 1980–81 Liga Leumit season saw Hapoel Tel Aviv win the title, and Hapoel Haifa, Maccabi Ramat Amidar, Hapoel Ramat Gan were relegated. Herzl Fitusi of Maccabi Petah Tikva was the league's top scorer with 22 goals.

Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim F.C.
Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim F.C. (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל רמת-גן גבעתיים, Moadon Kaduregel Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim) is an Israeli football club from Ramat Gan and Givatayim. They currently play in Liga Leumit, the second tier of Israeli football. Home matches are played at Ramat Gan Stadium, which has a capacity of 13,370. Their regular home strip is all-red.
Treaty of Novgorod (1557)
The Treaty, Truce or Second Peace of Novgorod was concluded in March 1557. It ended the Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557), a series of skirmishes in the Viborg and Oreshek areas resulting from Swedish attempts to keep Livonia, where the Teutonic Order's rule had collapsed, out of the Russian sphere of influence.

Livonian Brothers of the Sword
The order of Livonian Brothers of the Sword or Sword Brethren (German: Schwertbrüderorden), formally known as The Militia of Christ of Livonia  (Latin: Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae) was a Catholic military order of German crusading knights established in 1202 in Livonia by Albert, the third bishop of Riga. Pope Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204 for the second time.

The membership of the crusading order comprised warrior monks, mostly from northern Germany, who fought Baltic and Finnic pagans in the area of modern-day Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Following their defeat by the Samogitians and Semigallians in the Battle of Saule in 1236, the remnants of the order were disbanded by the Pope in 1237 when some of the surviving sword brethren were allowed to return to Germany and those who opted to stay in "Terra Mariana" (Livonia) were accepted into the local branch of the Teutonic Order.
2015 Kirkland Tennis Challenger – Doubles
This was a new event in the ITF Women's Circuit.

The top seeds Stéphanie Foretz and Mandy Minella won the inaugural title, defeating the Dutch-pair Lesley Kerkhove and Arantxa Rus in the final, 6–4, 4–6, [10–4].

Arantxa Rus
Arantxa Rus (Dutch pronunciation: [aːˈrɑɲtɕaː ˈrʏs]; born 13 December 1990) is a Dutch professional tennis player.
She won one WTA Tour singles title at the 2023 Hamburg Open and four in doubles.

Her biggest singles successes to date include a second-round upset over world No. 2, Kim Clijsters, at the 2011 French Open, reaching the fourth round at the 2012 French Open, and defeating world No. 5, Samantha Stosur, in the 2012 Wimbledon Championships to reach the third round.
Cumaca Cave
Cumaca Cave is a large cave system located in northern Trinidad, in the southeastern area of the Northern Range. This cave is sometimes also called Oropouche.  The caves are home to bats and Oilbirds (Steatornis caripensis). These are the only nocturnal fruit eating birds in the world. They forage at night, navigating by echolocation in the same way as bats, but with a high-pitched clicking sound audible to humans.

The cave is also home to hypogean fishes. Most notably the semi-blind catfish, Rhamdia quelen or South American Catfish, which was at first believed to be a distinct cave species and was named Caecorhamdia urichi. But it is now known as a troglobite form of Rhamdia quelen, with reduced eye size and reduced pigmentation.

Northern Range
The Northern Range is the range of tall hills across north Trinidad, the major island in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The hills range from the Chaguaramas peninsula on the west coast to Toco in the east. The Northern Range covers approximately twenty-five percent of the land area of Trinidad.
Cesano Boscone
Cesano Boscone (Lombard: Cesan [tʃeˈzãː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) southwest of Milan.

Cesano Boscone borders the following municipalities: Milan, Corsico, Trezzano sul Naviglio. It is served by Cesano Boscone railway station.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Plum Baby
Plum Baby was a United Kingdom company producing organic food for babies, based in Taplow.

In August 2014 the company announced that they were to cease trading. This announcement followed a number of product recalls in 2013 after the founder sold the business to Darwin Private Equity.  There were no recalls whilst under control of the founder.

Founded in 2004 by Susie Willis, the brand produced organic baby and toddler food. Products were sold in all the major UK supermarkets including Ocado. Plum was positioned at the premium end of the baby food market and at one time had a 4% share of the baby food sector in the UK, worth £11m. Plum Baby was a member of Organic Farmers and Growers.  It was one of the first 'challenger' brands in the ambient babyfood sector, positioned as a superfood, organic brand avoiding traditional rice bulkers and starches, replacing with quinoa protein.

Ocado
Ocado Group plc (/ɒˈkɑːdoʊ/ ok-AH-doh) is a British business based in Hatfield, England, which licenses grocery technology. It also owns a 50% share in the UK grocery retail business Ocado.com (the other 50% is owned by UK retailer Marks & Spencer). The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Dmanisi historic site
The Dmanisi historic site (Georgian: დმანისის ნაქალაქარი, romanized: dmanisis nakalakari, literally, "the ruined/former town of Dmanisi") is a historic and archaeological site in Georgia, located north of the village of Patara Dmanisi, Dmanisi Municipality, in south-central region of Kvemo Kartli, some 85 km (53 miles) southwest of Tbilisi, Georgia's capital.

Perched on a promontory at the confluence of the Mashavera and Pinezauri rivers, the site is an open-air museum, containing the early medieval Dmanisi Sioni cathedral and the ruins of one of the most important towns and commercial centres in medieval Georgia, with fortifications, churches, Muslim and Christian cemeteries, bathhouses, and workshops. In addition to its historic significance, Dmanisi is also known for the Dmanisi Paleolithic site, dating to around 1.8 million years ago, which contains some of the oldest evidence of humans outside of Africa.

Kvemo Kartli
Kvemo Kartli (Georgian: ქვემო ქართლი, IPA: [kʰʷemo kʰaɾtʰli]; lit. 'Lower Kartli') is a historic province and current administrative region (mkhare) in southeastern Georgia. The city of Rustavi is the regional capital.
Bazaar (1982 film)
Bazaar (transl. Market) is a 1982 Indian drama film directed by Sagar Sarhadi and starring Naseeruddin Shah, Farooq Shaikh, Smita Patil and Supriya Pathak. The film set in Hyderabad, India, highlights the issue of bride buying in India, through the tragedy of a young girl being sold by needy parents to affluent expatriate Indians in the Gulf.

Naseeruddin Shah
Naseeruddin Shah (born 20 July 1950) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Hindi films. He was notable in Indian parallel cinema and has starred in various international productions. He has won numerous awards in his career, including three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards and the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan awards for his contributions to Indian cinema.

In 1982, he married his second wife, actress Ratna Pathak, daughter of actress Dina Pathak, with whom he has two sons. His sister-in-law is actress Supriya Pathak, who is married to actor Pankaj Kapur.
Castlemagner GAA
Castlemagner GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the village of Castlemagner in the north-west of County Cork, Ireland. Founded in 1900, the club plays both hurling and Gaelic football and is affiliated with Duhallow GAA. As of 2023, the club competes in the Duhallow Junior A Hurling Championship and the Duhallow Junior A Football Championship.

At under age level, the Castlemagner club amalgamates with Kilbrin as Croke Rovers - as neither club have been able to field an underage team on their own. Ladies' Gaelic football and camogie are also played within the club.

Camogie
Camogie (/kəˈmoʊɡi/ ⓘ kə-MOH-ghee; Irish: camógaíocht [kəˈmˠoːɡiːxt̪ˠ]) is an Irish stick-and-ball team sport played by women. It is played by 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities.

A variant of the game hurling (which is played by men only), it is organised by the Dublin-based Camogie Association (An Cumann Camógaíochta). The annual All Ireland Camogie Championship has a record attendance of 33,154, while average attendances in recent years are in the range of 15,000 to 18,000. The final is broadcast live, with a television audience of over 300,000.

UNESCO lists Camogie as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The game is referred to in Waiting for Godot by Irish playwright Samuel Beckett and in 'Fair Play' a detective novel by Irish author Louise Hegarty.
Miyaradunchi
The old residence of Miyaradunchi (宮良殿内; also read Meeradounujii and Meerayaradunuzi) is located on the island of Ishigaki, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Erected around 1819 by the local governor, it has been designated an Important Cultural Property as representative of the architecture of the Yaeyama Islands. The gardens are a Place of Scenic Beauty.

Yaeyama Islands
The Yaeyama Islands (八重山列島 Yaeyama-rettō, also 八重山諸島 Yaeyama-shotō, Yaeyama: Yaima, Yonaguni: Daama, Okinawan: Yeema, Northern Ryukyuan: やへま Yapema) are an archipelago in the southwest of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and cover 591.46 square kilometres (228.36 mi2). The islands are located southwest of the Miyako Islands, part of the Ryukyu Islands archipelago. The Yaeyama Islands are the most remote part of Japan from the main islands and contain Japan's southernmost (Hateruma) and westernmost (Yonaguni) inhabited islands. The city of Ishigaki serves as the political, cultural, and economic center of the Yaeyama Islands.  On maps dating to the 1700s, the Yaeyama Group of Islands appears as the "Majico Sima Group", "Nambu-soto Islands", "Nambu Soto", and the "Taipin Islands".
Linda Parks
Linda Parks (born February 21, 1957) is an American politician who served as the Ventura County, California, Supervisor representing the second district from January 2003 to December 2022. She previously served as the Mayor, Councilmember, and a Planning Commissioner for the City of Thousand Oaks.

Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve
The Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve is a large open space nature preserve owned and operated by the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy spanning nearly 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) in the Simi Hills of western Los Angeles County and eastern Ventura County.

Originally part of Ahmanson Ranch, this area was sold by Seattle-based Washington Mutual savings bank holding company to the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy in late 2003 after lengthy issues concerning development in the chaparral shrub forest and oak savanna understory and overstory plant communities. It was previously called Ahmanson Ranch Park.
Democratic Union (Italy)
The Democratic Union (Italian: Unione Democratica, UD) was a small social-liberal political party in Italy.

It was founded in February 1996 by Antonio Maccanico, along with Willer Bordon and Giorgio Benvenuto (both members of Democratic Alliance), Valerio Zanone (a former leader of the Italian Liberal Party) and Giorgio La Malfa (leader of the Italian Republican Party). The party was a minor member of  The Olive Tree, and formed the Populars for Prodi list with the Italian People's Party for the 1996 general election, electing five deputies and one senator.

The party was part of the Prodi I Cabinet, with Maccanico becoming minister for Communications, and later the D'Alema I Cabinet, D'Alema II Cabinet and Amato II Cabinet with Maccanico minister of Institutional Reforms.

In 1999 the party joined Romano Prodi's new party, The Democrats.

Second D'Alema government
The second D'Alema government was the government of Italy from 22 December 1999 to 26 April 2000.

Following the exit from the majority of the United Christian Democrats led by Rocco Buttiglione and of the Union for the Republic led by Francesco Cossiga, and in order to allow The Democrats to join the government, Massimo D'Alema resigned and formed a new government. The Italian Democratic Socialists, instead, did not participate to the formation of the government and they decided to abstain in the vote of confidence to the new government.

The government stood in office for only 4 months: after the heavy defeat of The Olive Tree at the 2000 regional elections, D'Alema resigned for an "act of political sensitivity".

The task of forming a new government was entrusted to Giuliano Amato, already minister in the two D'Alema cabinets.