hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Block Error Rate
Block Error Rate (BLER) is a ratio of the number of erroneous blocks to the total number of blocks transmitted on a digital circuit.

It is used in measuring the error rate when extracting data frames from a Compact Disc (CD). The BLER measurement is often used as a quality control measure with regard to how well audio is retained on a compact disc over time.

BLER is also used for W-CDMA performance requirements tests (demodulation tests in multipath conditions, etc.). BLER is measured after channel de-interleaving and decoding by evaluating the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) on each transport block.

Block Error Rate (BLER) is used in LTE/4G technology to determine the in-sync or out-of-sync indication during radio link monitoring (RLM). Normal BLER is 2% for an in-sync condition and 10% for an out-of-sync condition.

Cyclic redundancy check
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents. On retrieval, the calculation is repeated and, in the event the check values do not match, corrective action can be taken against data corruption. CRCs can be used for error correction (see bitfilters).

CRCs are so called because the check (data verification) value is a redundancy (it expands the message without adding information) and the algorithm is based on cyclic codes. CRCs are popular because they are simple to implement in binary hardware, easy to analyze mathematically, and particularly good at detecting common errors caused by noise in transmission channels.  Because the check value has a fixed length, the function that generates it is occasionally used as a hash function.
Giovio Series
The Giovio Series, also known as the Giovio Collection or Giovio Portraits, is a series of 484 portraits assembled by the 16th-century Italian  Renaissance historian and biographer Paolo Giovio. It includes portraits of literary figures, rulers, statesmen and other dignitaries, many of which were done from life. Intended by Giovio as a public archive of famous men, the collection was originally housed in a specially-built museum on the shore of Lake Como. Although the original collection has not survived intact, a set of copies made for Cosimo I de' Medici now has a permanent home in Florence's  Uffizi Gallery.

Cosimo I de' Medici
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second and last duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death. Cosimo I succeeded his cousin to the duchy.  He built the Uffizi (office) to organize his administration, and conquered Siena to consolidate Florence's rule in Tuscany. He expanded the Pitti Palace and most of the Boboli Gardens were also laid out during his reign.
Alberta Highway 567
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 567, commonly referred to as Highway 567, is a highway in the province of  Alberta, Canada. It runs west–east through the Calgary Region north of the City of Calgary.

Highway 567 begins at its intersection with Highway 22 (Cowboy Trail), 10 km north of the Town of Cochrane, and travels eastward past Big Hill Springs Provincial Park, to Highway 772 (Symons Valley Road) where it jogs north for 3 km before it continues east through the City of Airdrie and intersects Highway 2.  The highway ends at Highway 9, 4 km southeast of the Town of Irricana.

The highway is also known as Big Hill Springs Road between Highway 22 and Highway 772 and Veterans Boulevard within Airdrie.  Prior to 2005, the highway was named Airdrie Road west of Highway 2 and Irricana Road east of Highway 2.

Irricana
Irricana /ˌɪrɪˈkænə/ is a town in the Calgary Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada. Surrounded by Rocky View County, it is adjacent to Highway 9, approximately 53 kilometres (33 mi) northeast of Calgary.

The name of the town is a portmanteau of the words "irrigation canals", which are found around the Irricana area.
Order of the Republic (Turkey)
The Order of the Republic (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhuriyet Nişanı) is the  second highest state order after the Order of the State.

The Order is conferred by the President of Turkey, upon the decision of the Council of Ministers, to the prime ministers, ministers and members of foreign missions in recognition of their contributions for bringing the nations closer and enhancing the amicable relations between their respective countries and the Republic of Turkey.

Order (distinction)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of  orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.
Political capitalism
Political capitalism or Politically oriented capitalism is a concept introduced by Max Weber in his 1921 book Economy and Society to describe monetary profit-making through non-market means. In 2018, Holcombe describes political capitalism as an economic system in which the sharp distinction between states and markets is blurred.

Robert Brenner and Dylan Riley have characterized the post-1990 economy of United States as political capitalism, where raw 'political power' rather than 'productive investment' is the "key determinant of rate of return".

Filippa Chatzistavrou broadens the concept of political capitalism applied in the digital age by pushing further the idea of states and high tech markets being co-constitutive in order to include not only rent seeking, property rights' issues and surplus extraction mechanisms, but also models of governance.

Randall G. Holcombe
Randall Gregory Holcombe (born June 4, 1950) is an American economist, and the DeVoe Moore Professor of Economics at Florida State University. He is a Senior Fellow at The Independent Institute, a Senior Fellow and member of the Research Advisory Council at The James Madison Institute, and past president of the Public Choice Society. From 2000 to 2006 he served on Governor Jeb Bush's Council of Economic Advisors.

Holcombe is the author of several books on economics and American politics. In libertarian theoretical discourse, he has argued that private defense agencies could form cartels and oppress people, more or less as governments, with little fear of competition.

Holcombe is a musician and licensed pilot.
Suha, Škofja Loka
Suha (pronounced [ˈsuːxa]; German: Zauchen) is a village just outside Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is an old settlement, with its earliest mention in documents dating to AD 973.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Sir John Wilson, 2nd Baronet
Sir John Mitchell Harvey Wilson, 2nd Baronet KCVO (10 October 1898 – 6 February 1975) was a British philatelist and Keeper of the Royal Philatelic Collection from 1938 to 1969. He introduced the division of the collection by reign and, after World War II, loans from the collection to international exhibitions.

Crawford Medal
See also Crawford Award for fantasy novels.
See also Max Crawford Medal Australian academic award.

The Crawford Medal is a vermeil medal awarded by the Royal Philatelic Society London for the most valuable and original contribution to the study and knowledge of philately published in book form during the relevant period.

The medal is named after James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford, who by the time of his death in 1913 had amassed the greatest philatelic library of his time.
Indoor and Built Environment
Indoor and Built Environment is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering any topic pertaining to the quality of the indoor and built environment and how this affects the efficiency, performance, health, and comfort of those living or working there. Topics range from urban infrastructure, design of buildings, and materials used for laboratory studies including building airflow simulations and health effects.  The editor-in-chief is Chuck Yu (EnviroAct Consultants). It was established in 1992 by consultants to the tobacco company Philip Morris, and is published by SAGE Publications.

Altria
Altria Group, Inc. is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco, cigarettes, and medical products in the treatment of illnesses caused by tobacco. It operates worldwide and is headquartered in the city of Richmond, Virginia.

Altria is the parent company of Philip Morris USA, John Middleton, Inc., U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company, Inc., Philip Morris Capital Corporation, and NJOY Holdings, Inc. Altria also maintains large minority stakes in Belgium-based brewer AB InBev and the Canadian cannabis company Cronos Group. It is a component of the S&P 500 and was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1985 to 2008, dropping due to spin-offs of Kraft Foods Inc. in 2007 and Philip Morris International in 2008.
Eastridge Mountain Bike Trail Centre
Eastridge Mountain Bike Trail Centre is a free mountain biking venue in Shropshire, UK. The venue is developed and maintained by volunteers, and features a mixture of blue, red and black graded trails. There are also a number of steep, technical off-piste trails. Since 1991 Eastridge Woods have been used to host Downhill and XC mountain biking events since the 90's hosted the British National Mountain biking Championships in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1999.

British Cycling
British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation) is the main national governing body for cycle sport in Great Britain. It administers most competitive cycling in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It represents Britain at the world body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and selects national teams, including the Great Britain (GB) Cycling Team for races in Britain and abroad. As of 2020, it has a total membership of 165,000.

It is based at the National Cycling Centre on the site of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
Réjean Giroux
Réjean Giroux (born September 13, 1952) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played for the Quebec Nordiques of the World Hockey Association. He is the father of NHL and KHL player Alexandre Giroux. As a youth, Giroux played in the 1964 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Quebec Beavers minor ice hockey team.

Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament
The Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament (French: Tournoi international de hockey pee-wee de Québec) is an annual minor ice hockey event in Quebec City. The tournament was founded in 1960 to coincide with the Quebec Winter Carnival, and give an opportunity for international competition to players less than 12 years old. The tournament raises funds for the local Patro Roc-Amadour foundation, and is operated mostly by volunteers, with a few staff. The event takes place each year in February at Centre Vidéotron, and previously spent 56 seasons at Quebec Coliseum. As of 2018, the event has showcased the talent of over 1,200 future professionals in the National Hockey League or the World Hockey Association.
Glasheen (surname)
Glasheen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adaline Glasheen (1920–1993), American writer and Joyce scholar

David Glasheen (died 2025), Australian mining tycoon and hermit

Melville Glasheen (1904–1971), Australian rugby league player

William Glasheen (1876–1941), Australian politician

Melville Glasheen
Melville Glasheen (26 September 1904 – 2 September 1971) was an Australian rugby league player.

Glasheen hailed from the Queensland town of Ravenswood and attended Townsville Grammar School.

A hooker, Glasheen got his start with Townsville club Estates and came to the attention of Australian selectors through representative appearances for North Queensland. He was controversially overlooked for a place in the Kangaroos squad for their 1933–34 tour of Great Britain, before receiving a late call up as an injury replacement. This gave him the distinction of being the first North Queensland product to gain national representative honours.
Mademoiselle from Armentieres (film)
Mademoiselle from Armentieres is a 1926 British World War I silent drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Estelle Brody, John Stuart and Alf Goddard. The film was Elvey's first collaboration with screenwriter Victor Saville. It was followed by a 1928 sequel Mademoiselle Parley Voo.

Maurice Elvey
Maurice Elvey (11 November 1887 – 28 August 1967) was one of the most prolific film directors in British history. He directed nearly 200 films between 1913 and 1957. During the silent film era he directed as many as twenty films per year. He also produced more than fifty films – his own as well as films directed by others.
Magne Lerø
Magne Lerø (born 7 April 1954) is a Norwegian publisher and magazine editor.

A cand.theol. by education, from 1979 he also has a Master of Management degree from BI Norwegian Business School from 1996. Within the religious field he has worked as a priest, curate, director of information in the Norwegian YMCA/YWCA, managing director of the Norwegian Bible Society and Verbum publishing house. He was CEO of Lovisenberg Hospital from 1992 to 1996.

From 2004 to 2009 he was the CEO and editor-in-chief of Ad Fontes Medier, the publisher of Økonomisk Rapport, Ny Tid and Ukeavisen Ledelse. From Ad Fontes Medier Lerø bought several magazines and started publishing them out of the company Medier og Ledelse in 2013. In 2014 Lerø bought the magazine Plot which was brought under the Medier og Ledelse umbrella, and became its chief editor.

Ny Tid
Ny Tid (English: Modern Times Review) is a Norwegian current affairs website. It is currently owned by Ny Tid & Orientering AS. It is headed by Truls Lie, formerly the editor-in-chief of Morgenbladet and editor-in-chief/publisher of Le Monde diplomatique in Norway.
Mullich
Mullich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Mullich (born 1957/1958), American game producer and designer

Jon Mullich (born 1961), American actor, playwright, director, and Academy Award historian

David Mullich
David Mullich (/ˈmʌlɪk/; born 1957 or 1958) is an American game producer and designer.  He created the 1980 adventure game The Prisoner, produced the 1995 adaptation I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream, and developed Heroes of Might and Magic III and Heroes of Might and Magic IV.
Holes (Mercury Rev song)
"Holes" is the fourth single from Mercury Rev's fourth studio album, Deserter's Songs. The single was released in Australia only as a limited edition tour EP on July 7, 1999, although promotional CD singles were distributed to UK radio stations in 2006 (to coincide with the release of the Mercury Rev collection The Essential Mercury Rev: Stillness Breathes 1991-2006). The tour single included a live cover of "Caroline Says Pt. II" (Lou Reed) and featured Robert Creeley reading his poem "I Dreamt" over a Mercury Rev soundtrack.

PopMatters rated the song 60 in its list of 100 greatest alternative singles of the 1990s.

Robert Creeley
Robert White Creeley (May 21, 1926 – March 30, 2005) was an American poet and author of more than 60 books. He is associated with the Black Mountain poets, although his verse aesthetic diverged from that school. Creeley was close with Charles Olson, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, John Wieners and Ed Dorn.

Creeley served as the Samuel P. Capen Professor of Poetry and the Humanities at State University of New York at Buffalo. In 1991, he joined colleagues Susan Howe, Charles Bernstein, Raymond Federman, Robert Bertholf, and Dennis Tedlock in founding the Poetics Program at Buffalo.

Creeley lived in Waldoboro, Buffalo, and Providence, where he taught at Brown University. He was a recipient of the Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award.
La Trinité-Surzur
La Trinité-Surzur (French pronunciation: [la tʁinite syʁzyʁ]; Breton: An Drinded-Surzhur) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France. Inhabitants of La Trinité-Surzur are called in French Trinitains.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Franz Schönhuber
Franz Xaver Schönhuber (10 January 1923 – 27 November 2005) was a German 
right-wing political activist journalist, politician, and author. He gained fame as a founder and eventual chairman of the right-wing German party The Republicans.
He was a member of the Waffen-SS during World War II.

Horst Mahler
Horst Mahler (German: [ˈhɔʁst ˈmaːlɐ]; 23 January 1936 – 27 July 2025) was a German lawyer and political activist. He was a far-left militant and a founding member of the Red Army Faction in 1970 before switching to neo-Nazism in the late 1990s. Between 2000 and 2003, he was a member of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany. From 2003, he was repeatedly convicted of Volksverhetzung ("incitement of popular hatred") and Holocaust denial, and he served much of a twelve-year prison sentence.

In April 2017, Mahler was ordered back to prison for a further three and a half years. On 18 April 2017, he fled Germany, hoping to avoid prison. His attempt to receive political asylum in Hungary was rejected, and he was deported back to Germany, where he was arrested and put back in jail to finish serving his sentence.
Cosmonautilus
Cosmonautilus is a genus of cephalopods included in the nautilid family Clydonautilidae. Its shell  is involute, with only the outer whorl exposed. Early whorls are with nodes on ventral shoulder, which disappear on the later growth staged. Later whorls are smooth.

Cosmonautilus has been found in Siberian Russia, e.g. in eastern Taimyr and in the lower Lena River region, and in Alaska on Gravina Island, and California from Shasta County in the US, as well as Mexico, India, and Timor.

Callaionautilus and Clydonautilus are among related genera included in the Clydonautilidae.

Nautilida
The Nautilida constitute a large and diverse order of generally coiled nautiloid cephalopods that began in the mid Paleozoic and continues to the present with a single family, the Nautilidae which includes two genera, Nautilus and Allonautilus, with six species.  All told, between 22 and 34 families and 165 to 184 genera have been recognised, making this the largest order of the subclass Nautiloidea.
Yamaha YM1
The Yamaha YM1 is a motorcycle produced by Yamaha from 1964 to 1966. It used a 305 cc 2-stroke engine. It shared common parts with the 246 cc YDS3 and was virtually identical in all respects with the exception of bore and stroke.

The YM1 featured an oil-injection system that fed oil to the carburettor intake, the oil flow increasing as the throttle was opened.  This gave the motorcycle sufficient lubrication for the crankshaft, cylinders, connecting rods, and pistons without requiring premixing of the oil and gas and with reduced use of oil.

Blue/white, red/white and black/white models were available for the YM1, which had a top speed of approximately 100 mph. The YM1 was an economical machine with high performance, being originally priced under $800 and capable of nearly 100mph, when such a speed was unusual for a small-capacity motorcycle.

Crankshaft
A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting rods.

The crankpins are also called rod bearing journals, and they rotate within the "big end" of the connecting rods.

Most modern crankshafts are located in the engine block. They are made from steel or cast iron, using either a forging, casting or machining process.
G.I. Samurai
G.I. Samurai (戦国自衛隊, Sengoku jieitai; Sengoku Self Defense Force) aka Time Slip, is a 1979 Japanese science fiction/action film focusing on the adventures of a modern-day Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) team that accidentally travels in time to the Warring States period (戦国時代, Sengoku jidai). The film stars Sonny Chiba, one of the top male Japanese actors, and was based on a novel by Ryo Hanmura, a well-known writer of historical novels and science fiction. A remake was theatrically released in Japan in 2005 under the title Samurai Commando: Mission 1549.

Takeda Shingen
Takeda Shingen (武田 信玄; December 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) was a Japanese samurai who was daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku period. Known as the "Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful daimyo of the late Sengoku period, despite being based in a poor area with little arable land and no access to the sea.
Agwari, Jalore
Agwari is a village in Ahore tehsil of Jalore district of Rajasthan State in India. The village is situated 14 km east of the Ahore beside 2 km of NH 325. Jawai River separates Agwari and Kuada. The nearest Railway Station is Jalore and Falna. Gangavas is 4 km away. The PIN code is 307030. Agwari village has population of 3833 of which 1830 are males while 2003 are females as per Population Census 2011.

Jawai River
The Jawai River originates in the hills of Goriya village, situated in Bali tehsil of Pali district, near the border of Pali and Udaipur districts.

Sukri river is its main tributary. The river flows in a north-west direction for about 96 km (60 mi), before joining Khari River near Sayala in Jalore district, after which it is called Sukri river. Its catchment area is 2,976 km2 (1,149 sq mi) in Udaipur, Pali and Jalore districts.

Western Rajasthan's largest dam, Jawai Dam, is located near Sumerpur in Pali district on this river. The twin cities of Sumerpur and Sheoganj in Sirohi district are located on the banks of Jawai river.