hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hugh II of Arborea
Hugh II was Judge of Arborea, reigning from 1321 until his death in 1336. He was the illegitimate son of Marianus III of Arborea and Paulesa de Serra.

Hugh sided with James II of Aragon, who had been invested with the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica by Pope Boniface VIII in 1297. He became vassal of James for Arborea and probably wanted to expand his control over the whole island, as governor on behalf of the Catalan Crown. To this end, he assisted the future Alfonso IV in the conquest of 1323 – 1324, when the Republic of Pisa was expelled from the island. After Alfonso's army disembarked at Palmas, Hugh joined him at the siege of Villa di Chiesa (modern Iglesias). He was present, too, at the fall of Castel di Castro on June 1324.  Hugh II died of an unknown illness in 1336.

Alfonso IV of Aragon
Alfonso IV (2 November 1299 – 24 January 1336), called the Kind (also the Gentle or the Nice, Catalan: Alfons el Benigne), was King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona (as Alfons III) from 1327 to his death. His reign saw the incorporation of the County of Urgell, Duchy of Athens, and Duchy of Neopatria into the Crown of Aragon.
Utility functions on indivisible goods
Some branches of economics and game theory deal with indivisible goods, discrete items that can be traded only as a whole. For example, in combinatorial auctions there is a finite set of items, and every agent can buy a subset of the items, but an item cannot be divided among two or more agents.

It is usually assumed that every agent assigns subjective utility to every subset of the items. This can be represented in one of two ways:

An ordinal utility preference relation, usually marked by . The fact that an agent prefers a set  to a set  is written . If the agent only weakly prefers  (i.e. either prefers  or is indifferent between  and ) then this is written .

A cardinal utility function, usually denoted by . The utility an agent gets from a set  is written . Cardinal utility functions are often normalized such that , where  is the empty set.

A cardinal utility function implies a preference relation:  implies  and  implies . Utility functions can have several properties.

Cardinal utility
In economics, a cardinal utility expresses not only which of two outcomes is preferred, but also the intensity of preferences, i.e. how much better or worse one outcome is compared to another.

In consumer choice theory, economists originally attempted to replace cardinal utility with the apparently weaker concept of ordinal utility. Cardinal utility appears to impose the assumption that levels of absolute satisfaction exist, so magnitudes of increments to satisfaction can be compared across different situations. However, economists in the 1940s proved that under mild conditions, ordinal utilities imply cardinal utilities. This result is now known as the von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem; many similar utility representation theorems exist in other contexts.
Navid Khonsari
Navid Khonsari (Persian: نوید خونساری) (born 1970) is an Iranian-Canadian video game, virtual/mixed reality, film and graphic novel creator, writer, director and producer.

Khonsari worked on several games at Rockstar Games, including Grand Theft Auto III and Max Payne. He is the co-founder of iNK Stories, a video game development studio responsible for 1979 Revolution: Black Friday. He is an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University.

Homefront (video game)
Homefront is a first-person shooter video game developed by Kaos Studios and published by THQ. The game follows a resistance movement in the near-future fighting against a Korean occupation of the Western United States. It was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in March 2011.

Homefront received mixed reviews. The single-player campaign's short length was criticised, while the atmosphere and story divided critics. The game's multiplayer in contrast was generally well received. Following THQ's bankruptcy, the rights of the game were sold to Crytek and later Koch Media after restructuring their company. A reboot, Homefront: The Revolution, was released by Deep Silver in 2016.
Dolni Dabnik
Dolni Dabnik (Bulgarian: Долни Дъбник [ˈdɔɫni dɐbˈnik]) is a town in Pleven Province in the Danubian Plain of central northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of Dolni Dabnik municipality and lies to the west of the city of Pleven. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 4,761.

Dolni Dabnik was first mentioned in 1430 and is known for its oil fields, some of the few in Bulgaria. Besides oil extraction, the locals are mainly occupied in agriculture.

Notable natives include Bulgaria international footballer Ivaylo Petkov (b. 1975), artist Ilia Beshkov (1901–1958), and politician Ventsislav Varbanov (b. 1962).

The name "Dolni Dabnik" literally means "lower oak place", in contrast to the neighbouring village of Gorni Dabnik ("higher oak place").

Bulgaria national football team
The Bulgaria national football team (Bulgarian: Български национален отбор по футбол, romanized: Bǎlgarski natsionalen otbor po futbol) represents Bulgaria in men's international football, and is administered by the Bulgarian Football Union, a member association of UEFA.

Bulgaria's best achievements are reaching the final at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the fourth-place finish at the FIFA World Cup in 1994. Bulgaria have competed at a total of seven World Cups, debuting in 1962 and last appearing in 1998. In addition, they have participated in two European Championships, in 1996 and 2004, the latter marking their most recent major tournament appearance. The team has also competed at and won three titles in the Balkan Cup.
Perth Shiva Temple
The Perth Shiva Temple (Tamil: பெர்த் சிவன்  கோவில்), officially the Perth Hindu Temple, is a Hindu temple in Canning Vale, in Perth, Western Australia, dedicated to the god Shiva and his consort, the goddess Meenakshi. The temple is run by the Shri Shiva Devasthanam, a non-profit religious organisation, and was completed in the early 1990s. It is the oldest Hindu temple in Western Australia.

Canning Vale, Western Australia
Canning Vale is a southern suburb of Perth, 22 km (13.7 mi) from the central business district. Its local government areas are the City of Canning (west of Nicholson Road) and the City of Gosnells (east of Nicholson Road).
Eshan Yi Autonomous County
Eshan Yi Autonomous County (Chinese: 峨山彝族自治县; pinyin: Éshān Yízú Zìzhìxiàn; Yi: ꊉꎭꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꑤ, wop sha nuo su zyt jie jux dde) is located in Yuxi, in the central part of Yunnan Province, China. It borders Hongta District and Tonghai County to the east, Shiping County to the south, Xinping County to the southwest, Shuangbai County to the northwest, and Yimen County and Jinning District to the north.

Yuxi
Yuxi (Chinese: 玉溪; pinyin: Yùxī) is a prefecture-level city in the central part of Yunnan province of the People's Republic of China. The administrative center of Yuxi is Hongta District. Yuxi is approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Kunming.By the end of 2024, the resident population of the city will be 2.266 million.
Gone Bald
Gone Bald is a noise rock band from Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The band was founded in Zagreb, Croatia in 1994. Soon thereafter, the band hitch-hiked  to Amsterdam and that's where the band still lives, even though singer/guitarplayer Razorblade Jr is the only original member left after numerous changes in line-up.

Gone Bald has toured Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and shared the stage with bands like The Jesus Lizard, Butthole Surfers, Chinese Stars, The Ex, Ninewood, Today Is The Day, Neptune, Sebadoh and The Flying Luttenbachers. The band released work on tape, 7" single and CD on labels like Narrominded (The Netherlands) and Interstellar Records (Austria).

Neptune (American band)
Neptune is an experimental / industrial noise rock band originally hailing from Boston, Massachusetts. Throughout its 30+ year history, the band has largely operated as a collective, not only by employing a rotating membership, but also often collaborating with other musicians and artists both live and on record. They are noted for having built their custom-made instruments out of scrap steel and other found-object and recycled materials. The instruments themselves can be heavy and foreboding "self-made from antiquated machines and scrap metal, forged at extreme angles like props from a German expressionist film." A reviewer once said of the band: "Neptune really do accurately approximate in their music the tragic and violent desolation of the auto graveyards from which they draw their raw materials." While another wrote: "Neptune's closest comparison could only be themselves."
2026 IIHF U18 Women's World Championship Division I
The 2026 IIHF U18 Women's World Championship Division I consisted of two international under-18 women's ice hockey tournaments organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Division I A represented the second tier and Division I B the third tier of the IIHF U18 Women's World Championship.

Plus–minus (sports)
Plus−minus (+/−, ±, plus/minus) is a sports statistic used to measure a player's impact, represented by the difference between their team's total scoring versus their opponent's when the player is in the game.
Ivo Svoboda (footballer)
Ivo Svoboda (born 8 May 1977) is a Czech former football player. He played in over 100 games in the Czech First League, for various clubs. In August 2011, he scored for Czech Fourth Division side SK Převýšov in their 3–0 Czech Cup win against former club Slavia Prague.

Czech Cup
The Czech Cup (Czech: Pohár FAČR), officially known as the MOL Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the major men's football cup competition in the Czech Republic. It is organised by the Czech Football Association.

The Czech Cup was first held in 1961. The winner would then face the winner of the Slovak Cup in the Czechoslovak Cup final. This competition was discontinued in 1993, after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia into two independent states (Czech Republic and Slovakia).

The winner gains entry to the following season's UEFA Europa League.
Karita Tykkä
Karita Tykkä (born Karita Tuomola; 22 September 1976) is a Finnish actress, TV host and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Finland 1997 and represented her country at Miss Universe 1997. In 2001, she made her debut as an actress in the comedy film Ponterosa.

Tykkä married sports supplement entrepreneur Petri Tykkä on 9 August 2008 in Helsinki and they have one son (b. 2010). She was earlier engaged to television host Joonas Hytönen. In late September 2023, Petri Tykkä reported they had divorced.

Bodybuilding supplement
Bodybuilding supplements are dietary supplements commonly used by those involved in bodybuilding, weightlifting, mixed martial arts, and athletics for the purpose of facilitating an increase in lean body mass. Bodybuilding supplements may contain ingredients that are advertised to increase a person's muscle, body weight, athletic performance, and decrease a person's percent body fat for desired muscle definition. Among the most widely used are high protein drinks, pre-workout blends and caffeinated energy drinks, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glutamine, arginine, essential fatty acids, creatine, HMB, whey protein, ZMA, and weight loss products. Supplements are sold either as single ingredient preparations or in the form of "stacks" – proprietary blends of various supplements marketed as offering synergistic advantages.
Forward!
Forward! is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Gordon R. Dickson.  It was first published by Baen Books in 1985, and was edited by Sandra Miesel.  Most of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Galaxy Science Fiction, Other Worlds, Fantasy and Science Fiction and Orbit.

Baen Books
Baen Books (/ˈbeɪn/) is an American publishing house for science fiction and fantasy. In science fiction, it emphasizes space opera, hard science fiction, and military science fiction. The company was established in 1983 by science fiction publisher and editor Jim Baen. After his death in 2006, he was succeeded as publisher by long-time executive editor Toni Weisskopf.
The Tarn
The Tarn is a 9 acres (3.6 ha) site on Court Road between Mottingham and Eltham, in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, southeast London, United Kingdom, consisting of a public garden, a bird sanctuary nature reserve and a lake amongst woodland. The woodland and lake, which was historically known as Starbuck's Pond, were previously the southern part of the Great Park, one of three parks belonging to the estate of Eltham Palace and used as a royal deer hunting park for several centuries up until the English Civil War. As a garden The Tarn opened in 1935, after the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich acquired the site from the adjacent Royal Blackheath Golf Course. The Tarn remains largely unchanged since the 1930s and contains several shelters, benches, a public toilets building and a circular path which crosses a wooden footbridge spanning the lake. There is also an 18th-century ice well in the garden, which is a listed structure.

Greenwich London Borough Council
Greenwich London Borough Council, also known as Greenwich Council or the Council of the Royal Borough of Greenwich, is the local authority for the Royal Borough of Greenwich in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It meets at Woolwich Town Hall and has its main offices at the Woolwich Centre opposite.
Jankamrah
Jankamrah (Arabic: جنكمرة; also spelled Jen Kamrah) is a village in northern Syria located west of Homs in the Homs Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Jankamrah had a population of 1,514 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are Murshidiyes.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
Lisa M. Dugan
Lisa M. Dugan is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives who represented the 79th District from January 2003 until January 2013. The district she represented included all or parts of Monee, Peotone, Manteno, Grant Park, Bradley, Kankakee, Aroma Park, St. Anne, Hopkins Park, Papineau, Martinton and Donovan.

Grant Park, Illinois
Grant Park is a village in northeastern Kankakee County, Illinois, United States. Grant Park was incorporated in 1883. As of the 2020 census, Grant Park had a population of 1,294. It is part of the Kankakee–Bradley Metropolitan Statistical Area. Much of the town was destroyed by a cyclone in 1912, according to Frank Leslie's Weekly magazine, which ran pictures.
2024 San Diego Open – Singles
Katie Boulter defeated Marta Kostyuk in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 San Diego Open. It was her second WTA Tour title and first WTA 500 title.

Barbora Krejčíková was the reigning champion, but chose not to compete this year.

WTA 500 tournaments
WTA 500 tournaments is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 500 tournaments' prize money was approximately $500,000. Since then, prize money awarded by WTA 500 events has grown less uniform, with one tournament's prize money rising to as much as $1.5 million.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 500. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 250 for winning a WTA 250 tournament.
Philip Henderickx
Philip Henderickx  (born 11 April 1976) is a Belgian contemporary artist (painter, photographer).

Henderickx was born in Burkina Faso and spent his childhood in Burkina Faso, Togo and Ethiopia.

He studied in the academy of fine arts in Ghent and Sint Lucas in Brussels. After his studies in 1998 he left Belgium to work and live for 10 years in Asia.

Henderickx's  work is figurative  and makes extensive use of techniques from photography. His palette usually tends toward monochrome and shades of grey.
Subjects of his paintings are his childhood relation to Africa, his Catholic education and his new home Belgium.

Henderickx lives and works in Leuven.

Figurative art
Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational. The term is often in contrast to abstract art:

Since the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.

Painting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, "abstract" is sometimes used as a synonym of non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.

Figurative art is not synonymous with figure painting (art that represents the human figure), although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.
2007 Nordea Nordic Light Open – Singles
Agnieszka Radwańska defeated Vera Dushevina in the final, 6–1, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2007 Nordea Nordic Light Open. It was her first WTA Tour title, and she was the first Pole to win a WTA Tour singles title.

Zheng Jie was the reigning champion, but chose not to participate that year.

Zheng Jie
Zheng Jie (born 5 July 1983) is a Chinese former professional tennis player. In May 2009, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 15.

Zheng is one of China's most successful tennis players. She won four singles titles on the WTA Tour – Hobart in 2005, Estoril, Stockholm in 2006, and Auckland in 2012. She also won 15 career doubles titles, eleven of them with Yan Zi, including Wimbledon and the Australian Open in 2006. She won the bronze medal in doubles with Yan Zi at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Her career-high doubles ranking is world No. 3. Zheng reached the singles semifinals at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships, where she defeated world No. 1, Ana Ivanovic, in the third round, and later went on to become the first Chinese player to advance to the semifinals at a major tournament. She also reached the semifinals of the 2010 Australian Open.
Brisa Beach Party
Brisa Beach Party is an electronic dance music event held annually in Praia do Aterro, Matosinhos, Porto in Portugal by the radio station Nova Era radio station. Already performed on stage names like Tiesto, Bob Sinclar, Erick Morillo, Swedish House Mafia, David Guetta, Alesso, Avicii, Swanky Tunes, Martin Solveig, Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Nicky Romero, Afrojack, Martin Garrix, Hardwell among other great DJs. It is the biggest beach party in the world.

Bob Sinclar
Christophe Le Friant (French: [kʁistɔf lə fʁijɑ̃]; born 10 May 1969), better known by his stage name Bob Sinclar (French: [bɔb sɛ̃klaʁ]), is a French record producer, DJ, and remixer. He is the owner of the record label Yellow Productions.
D21 – Janeček method
The D21 method, also known as the D21 – Janeček method or Democracy 2.1, is an electoral system applicable for both single-winner and multi-winner voting, which allows voters to cast more votes than there are open seats. It is a cardinal method like approval voting and combined approval voting. The method was developed by Czech mathematician Karel Janeček.

This voting method has yet to be used in any general elections. It has been used in several participatory budgeting programs conducted by various cities.

Prezident 21
Prezident 21 is an interactive website, created by the Czech mathematician and political activist Karel Janeček and his think tank, Institute H21, used to familiarise voters with a proposed system to select a presidential candidate for the 2018 Czech presidential election.
Monte Verde (Center Cross, Virginia)
Monte Verde, also known as Omnium Hill, is a historic plantation house located at Center Cross, Essex County, Virginia United States. It was built about 1815, and is a two-story, frame dwelling clad in weatherboard.  It has two one-story wings added in 1958. The interior features original Federal style woodwork.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Essex County, Virginia
Essex County is a United States county located in the Middle Peninsula of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The county is bordered by the Rappahannock River on the north and King and Queen County on the south. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,599. The county seat is the historic town of Tappahannock.

The county was created in 1692, when the old Rappahannock County was dissolved to form the new Essex and Richmond counties, and was named to honor Essex in England.  Due to the region's location on the Rappahannock River, it was one of the early areas visited by English explorer John Smith.  Smith's three trips led to him being captured, attacked and finally making peace with the resident indigenous Powhatan people.
Pontefract RUFC
Pontefract Rugby Club is an English rugby union club based in Pontefract, West Yorkshire. The club runs three senior teams plus colts, juniors and girls teams. The first XV play in Regional 2 North East, following their relegation from Regional 1 North East in 2023–24. The club also runs women's teams, a colts side and junior teams.

The club's ground is located in Carleton, a village on the southern outskirts of the town.

Pontefract
Pontefract is a historic market town in the City of Wakefield, a metropolitan district in West Yorkshire, England. It lies to the east of Wakefield and south of Castleford. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it had a population of 30,881 at the 2011 Census.

Pontefract's motto is Post mortem patris pro filio, Latin for "After the death of the father, support the son", a reference to the town's Royalist sympathies in the English Civil War. Small villages and settlements in the immediate area include Stapleton.
Xystridura
Xystridura is a genus of redlichiid trilobite described originally from the Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian) strata of Queensland, Australia. The genus ranges upwards from Ordian into Florian Stages in terms of Australian Cambrian stratigraphic nomenclature.

Miaolingian
The Miaolingian or Mid-Late Cambrian is the third Series of the Cambrian Period, and was formally named in 2018. It lasted from about 506.5 to 497 million years ago and is divided in ascending order into 3 stages: the Wuliuan, Drumian, and Guzhangian. The Miaolingian is preceded by the unnamed Cambrian Series 2 and succeeded by the Furongian series.

It is named after the Miaoling Mountains in southeastern Guizhou Province, China.
Sean Goldberg
Sean Goldberg (or Shon, Hebrew: שון גולדברג; born 13 June 1995) is an Israeli footballer who plays as a center-back or as a left-back for Israeli Premier League club Maccabi Haifa and the Israel national team.

Reichman University
Reichman University (Hebrew: אוניברסיטת רייכמן) is a private university located in Herzliya, a city in the northern Tel Aviv District of the central coast of Israel. It was founded in 1994 as the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC Herzliya, Hebrew: המרכז הבינתחומי הרצליה) private college, before being rebranded in 2021.

It receives no direct government funding, and in August 2021 became Israel's first private university.  There are only two private universities in Israel, Reichman and the College of Management Academic Studies.