hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of Punjab, India
The economy of Punjab is the 16th largest state economy in India with 8.91 lakh crore (US$110 billion) in gross domestic product (GDP) for the 2025-26 fiscal year. Its GDP ranks 16th amongst Indian states with US$2720 (2,27,950) per capita.

Punjab ranked first in GDP per capita amongst Indian states in 1981 and fourth in 2001, but has experienced slower growth than the rest of India in recent years, having the second-slowest GDP per capita growth rate of all Indian states and union territories (UTs) between 2000 and 2010, behind only Manipur. Between 1992 and 2014, Punjab's life expectancy also grew slower than most Indian states, rising from 69.4 to 71.4 years. During this period, Punjab's rank amongst Indian states in life expectancy at birth fell from first to sixth.

The state's economy is dominated primarily by agricultural production and small and medium-sized enterprises. Punjab has the ninth highest ranking among Indian states and UTs in human development index as of 2018.

Mandi Gobindgarh
Mandi Gobindgarh  is a town and municipal committee in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the state of Punjab in North India. It is also referred to as the "Steel City of Punjab or "Loha Mandi" due to its large number of steel factories.
Arroyo Seco (Alameda County)
Arroyo Seco is an 11.7-mile-long (18.8 km) watercourse in Alameda County, California, that traverses through the city of Livermore, emptying into Arroyo Las Positas.  Arroyo Seco means "dry stream" in Spanish.  Arroyo Seco lies above the Arroyo Seco watershed, which includes the eastern part of the city of Livermore and also the Sandia National Laboratory.  The Mocho Subbasin is the largest of the subbasins in the Livermore Valley watershed.  This subbasin is bounded to the west by the Livermore Fault Zone and to the east by the Tesla Fault.  Some groundwater flow occurs across these fault boundaries, but flows are discontinuous below a depth of 50 feet (15 m) across the Tesla Fault and south of the Arroyo Mocho channel across the Livermore Fault.  A number of threatened and endangered species reside in this watershed.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
Improv Institute
The Improv Institute was an improvisational comedy company in Chicago from 1984 until 1994. The mainstage show was improvised following audience suggestions.  The troupe had two storefront-theaters, both on West Belmont Avenue on Chicago's North side, first at 2939 W. Belmont (1984–1990), and later at 2319 W. Belmont (1991–1994).

Many theatrical productions had their debuts at the Improv Institute, including Flanagan's Wake on March 19, 1994.

The Second City producer Kelly Leonard has stated that the Improv Institute was "my favorite place to see improv, other than The Second City."  - Chicago Tribune, January 15, 2004

Early Edition
Early Edition is an American fantasy comedy-drama television series that aired on CBS from September 28, 1996, to May 27, 2000. Set in Chicago, Illinois, it follows the adventures of a man who mysteriously receives each Chicago Sun-Times newspaper the day before it is actually published, and who uses this knowledge to prevent terrible events every day. Created by Ian Abrams, Patrick Q. Page, and Vik Rubenfeld, the series starred actor Kyle Chandler as Gary Hobson, and it featured many real Chicago locations over the course of the series' run.

The show was canceled on May 27, 2000, after 90 episodes were made, and it began airing in syndication on Fox Family Channel that same month. Fan conventions about the show were held for multiple years. CBS Home Entertainment released the first two seasons on the DVD format in the United States in 2008 and 2009. The complete series was released on DVD in 2018.
Maria Parham - Franklin
Franklin Medical Center was a hospital in Louisburg, North Carolina that closed on October 16, 2015. Previously, it was part of the Novant Health organization. In September 2017, the Franklin County Board of Commissioners announced that they came to an agreement with Duke LifePoint to reopen the hospital as part of Maria Parham Health.

Louisburg, North Carolina
Louisburg is a town in and the county seat of Franklin County, North Carolina,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,064. The town is located approximately 29 miles northeast of the state capital, Raleigh, and located about 31 miles south of the Virginia border. It is also the home of Louisburg College, the oldest two-year coeducational college in the United States.
The Beep Test
The Beep Test (French: La course navette) is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Maxime Aubert and released in 2017. The film centres on Wojtek (Théodore Pellerin), a new student at his school who is bullied, but finds a way to turn the tables on his tormentors when they are all required to perform the multi-stage fitness test in physical education class.

The film premiered in March 2017 at the Saguenay International Short Film Festival. In November it was included in the lineup of Plein(s) écran(s), an online festival of short films from Quebec which uses Facebook as its platform.

The film was a shortlisted Canadian Screen Award finalist for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian live action short film. Formerly part of the Genie Awards, since 2012 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the award was not always presented at every Genie Award ceremony. In years when the award was not presented, a single award was instead presented for Best Theatrical Short Film, inclusive of both animated and live-action shorts. Under current Academy regulations, the awards for live action and animated shorts can be collapsed into a single award if either category receives two or fewer eligible submissions, but remain separate if both categories surpass two submissions.
Cancellarii
Cancelli are lattice-work, placed before a window, a door-way, the tribunal of a judge, the chancel  of a church, or any other similar place.

This led to the occupation of cancellarius, which originally signified a porter who stood at the latticed or grated door of the emperor's palace. According to the Historia Augusta, the emperor Carinus (reigned 283–285) gave great dissatisfaction by promoting one of these cancellarii to city prefect, although the veracity of this account is disputed.

Other cancellarii were legal scribes or secretaries who sat within the lattice-work which protected the tribunals of the judges from the crowd. The chief scribe in Constantinople was eventually invested with judicial power, and from this office came the modern "chancellor".

Praefectus urbi
The praefectus urbanus, also called praefectus urbi or urban prefect in English, was prefect of the city of Rome, and later also of Constantinople. The office originated under the Roman kings, continued during the Republic and Empire, and held high importance in late Antiquity. The office survived the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, and the last urban prefect of Rome, named Iohannes, is attested in 599. In the East, in Constantinople, the office survived until the 13th century.
Peter Gorman Trophy
The Peter Gorman Trophy is awarded to the Rookie of the Year in U Sports Football. The Trophy acknowledges the great contribution Peter Gorman has made to the development of Canadian University Football. As founder of the Canadian College Bowl, his emphasis has always been on the youth of Canada, and is therefore associated with the award to encourage U Sports rookies.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
LFV
LFV may stand for:

Civil Aviation Administration (Sweden) (Luftfartsverket)

Liechtenstein Football Association (Liechtensteiner Fussballverband)

Lorentz force velocimetry, an electromagnetic flow measurement technique

Lycée Français de Valence, French international school in Spain

State Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Germany (Landesbehörde für Verfassungsschutz)

Civil Aviation Administration (Sweden)
The Swedish Civil Aviation Administration (Swedish: Luftfartsverket) is a Swedish government agency which regulated and oversaw all aspects of aviation in Sweden until 2005. The regulatory division was called Luftfartsstyrelsen (Civil Aviation Authority).

The Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP) (Flygtrafiktjänsten) was established as Luftfartsverket (LFV). The agency had its head office in Norrköping.

In 2005 the regulatory division was separated to a new agency named Luftfartsstyrelsen, from 2009 part of the Swedish Transport Agency.

On 1 April 2010, the airport ownership and operation part of the Luftfartsverket was transferred to Swedish Airports (Swedavia AB), a newly formed fully state-owned company.

Air navigation services continue as a state enterprise under the name LFV.
Bernadette Benson
Bernadette Benson is a Canadian born athlete specialising in ultra distance events. Among Benson's records are: Australian Open records for 12 hour, 24 hour races where she covered 133.535 km and 238.261 kilometres respectively. She also holds the record for the 100 mile and 200 km distances, at times of 15:24:44 and 19:58:31. In 2016, she set a Guinness World Record for distance covered in twelve hours on a treadmill: 128.62 kilometres.

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
Time Waits for Everyone
Time Waits for Everyone is the ninth studio album by actor and musician Viggo Mortensen, released in 2007. It is Mortensen's first release to only feature himself playing piano without the collaboration of anyone else. All tracks are improvisations inspired from trips to Hungary, Germany, Poland, Russia, and according to Mortensen, remembrance of things past.

The album was released on Mortensen's label Perceval Press but was later re-released on TDRS Music along with his next album At All.

Perceval Press
Perceval Press is actor/artist Viggo Mortensen's publishing company, established in 2002 with partner Pilar Perez. Based in Santa Monica, California, the press specializes in books of art, critical writing, and poetry.
Major trauma
Major trauma is any injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death. There are many causes of major trauma, blunt and penetrating, including falls, motor vehicle collisions, stabbing wounds, and gunshot wounds. Depending on the severity of injury, quickness of management, and transportation to an appropriate medical facility (called a trauma center) may be necessary to prevent loss of life or limb. The initial assessment is critical, and involves a physical evaluation and also may include the use of imaging tools to determine the types of injuries accurately and to formulate a course of treatment.

In 2002, unintentional and intentional injuries were the fifth and seventh leading causes of deaths worldwide, accounting for 6.23% and 2.84% of all deaths. For research purposes the definition often is based on an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of greater than 15.

Injury
Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.

Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing. In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury. Cells too can repair damage to a certain degree.
Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy
The Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE; Malay: Koridor Tenaga Diperbaharui Sarawak) is an economic region and development corridor covering central Sarawak, a Malaysian State on the island of Borneo. SCORE was launched in 2008. It is one of the five regional development corridors launched throughout Malaysia during the Abdullah Badawi administration. SCORE is managed by the Regional Corridors Development Authority ("RECODA"), a state government agency created through an Ordinance of the State Legislative Assembly.

Kapit
Kapit is a town and the capital of Kapit District in Kapit Division, Sarawak, Malaysia on the south bank of the Rajang River. The district comprises 15,595.6 square kilometres and as of 2020, it has a population of 65,800.

Kapit is accessible by boat (slightly more than 2 hours from Sibu by express boat), light aircraft, and most recently by road. Reaching Kapit by car and bus from Sibu takes about 1 hour 30 minutes or about 1 hour from Song. It is the vibrant commercial and social center for the middle Rajang River catering to the longhouse communities and timber camps. It is an excellent base for exploring nearby longhouses or for arranging trips to the Upper Rejang and Balleh Rivers.
2015 KH163
2015 KH163 is a trans-Neptunian- and scattered disc object from the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately 117 kilometers in diameter. It was first observed by astronomers during the Outer Solar System Origins Survey at the Mauna Kea Observatories on 24 May 2015.

Outer Solar System Origins Survey
The Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) is an astronomical survey and observing program aimed at discovering and tracking trans-Neptunian objects located in the outermost regions of the Solar System beyond the orbit of Neptune. OSSOS is designed in way that observational biases can be characterized, allowing the numbers and orbits of detected objects to be compared using a survey simulator to the populations predicted in dynamical simulations of the emplacement of trans-Neptunian objects. Conducted at the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope at Mauna Kea Observatories (568) in Hawaii, the survey has discovered 39 numbered objects as of 2018, with potentially hundreds more to follow. The survey's first numbered discovery was the object (496315) 2013 GP136 in 2013.
Sugworth
Sugworth is a 0.6-hectare (1.5-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Abingdon-on-Thames in Oxfordshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This site dates to the Cromerian Stage, an interglacial over half a million years ago. It is a river channel cut into Kimmeridge Clay of the Late Jurassic, and it has rich deposits of vertebrates, ostracods, molluscs, beetles, plant remains and pollen.

Kimmeridge Clay
The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.
Puthariyankam
Puthariyankam is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. G. Vishwambharan. The film stars Vincent, Sudheer, Roja Ramani, Unnimary, Poojappura Ravi and Seema in the lead roles. The film has musical score by A. T. Ummer. Its last three reels were shot in Eastman colour.

P. G. Viswambharan
Plamthottathil Gangadharan Viswambharan  (1947 – 16 June 2010) was an Indian film director who worked in Malayalam cinema. Viswambharan directed  63 Malayalam films, in a career spanning close to four decades.
Frederick W. Schumacher
Frederick William Schumacher (1863–1957) was an American philanthropist and businessman. He was noted for helping establish the Columbus Museum of Art, settling a town named Schumacher in Ontario, Canada, and for leading the successes as vice president of the Peruna Drug Manufacturing Company. Schumacher lived in what became known as the Frederick W. Schumacher mansion until his death in 1957.

Neighbourhoods in Timmins
The city of Timmins, Ontario, Canada contains many named neighbourhoods. Some former municipalities that were merged into Timmins continue to be treated as distinct postal and telephone exchanges from the city core.

According to Barnes, "With the staking of the three great properties, The Porcupine came alive as hundreds of canoes bearing prospectors...Golden City and Pottsville sprang up, with South Porcupine soon to follow.": 99
Kana, West Bengal
Kana is an Upper Paleolithic archaeological site located in Purulia district of Eastern Indian state West Bengal. The archeological site containing the microblade artefacts belongs to the Manbazar Formation of the Kumari Basin. It is situated about 500 meters northwest of Kana village at the foot of an inselberg.

It is known for remains of anatomically modern humans from Upper Paleolithic era, before 42,000 years ago.

Purulia district
Purulia district (Bengali pronunciation: [puruliːaː]) is one of the twenty-three districts of West Bengal state in Eastern India. Purulia is the administrative headquarters of the district. Some of the other important towns of Purulia district are Raghunathpur-Adra, Manbazar, Jhalda, Anara and Balarampur.
Riverdance: The Animated Adventure
Riverdance: The Animated Adventure is a 2021 animated dance adventure film inspired by the dance show Riverdance. The film was made by Cinesite for River Productions and Aniventure.

Riverdance: The Animated Adventure was released in the United Kingdom on 28 May 2021, by Sky Cinema, and was made available to stream on Netflix on 14 January 2022 in the United States.

Aisling Bea
Aisling Clíodhnadh O'Sullivan (born 16 March 1984), known professionally as Aisling Bea (/ˈæʃlɪŋ ˈbiː/ ASH-ling BEE), is an Irish comedian, actress and screenwriter. She created, wrote and starred in the comedy series This Way Up on Channel 4. As a stand-up comedian, she won the So You Think You're Funny award at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2012, being only the second woman to win the award in its then-25-year history. She also appears regularly on light entertainment comedy panel shows such as QI and 8 Out of 10 Cats.
Sarcophaga africa
Sarcophaga (Bercaea) africa is a species of fly belonging to the family Sarcophagidae, the flesh-flies. It is the best known species in its genus. S. africa feeds on living and dead tissue, including snails, and other decomposing matter, and feces.

Sarcophaga africa is a synanthropic species known to cause myiasis in humans and livestock. The species is considered useful in forensic entomology due to this quality. S. africa is coprophagus, lays eggs in feces, and can be cultured from human and animal feces. The fly also lays eggs in decaying flesh and can be cultured from the decaying matter.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
Hanover freight bypass railway
The Hanover freight bypass railway (German: Güterumgehungsbahn Hannover) is a freight railway in the German state of Lower Saxony, which relieves Hannover Hauptbahnhof of freight traffic. It separates freight from passenger traffic on several routes and runs through the western and southern outskirts of the city, bypassing the city centre and the main station.

Hannover Hauptbahnhof
Hannover Hauptbahnhof (German: Hanover central station) is the main railway station for the city of Hanover in Lower Saxony, Germany. The railway junction is one of the 21 stations listed as a railway Category 1 station by DB Station&Service. It is also the most important public transport hub of the region of Hanover and it is served regional and S-Bahn services. The station has six platforms with twelve platform tracks, and two through tracks without platforms. Every day it is used by 250,000 passengers and 622 trains stop at the platforms (as of October 2012). About 2,000 people work here.
Electric vehicle motors
Electric vehicles motors convert battery energy into kinetic energy. Engineers call them traction motors. They deliver instant torque, run quietly, and reach energy conversion efficiencies above 90 percent in many cases. Designers focus on power density (output per kilogram), torque per unit volume, efficiency across speeds, and production cost. Four companies stand out for advances: YASA (now part of Mercedes), Lucid Motors, Rivian (especially the 2026 R2), and Tesla. Their approaches highlight trade-offs between raw performance and everyday efficiency.

Power density
Power density is the amount of power (time rate of energy transfer) per unit volume. It is typically measured in watts per cubic meter (W/m³) and represents how much power is distributed within a given space. In various fields such as physics, engineering, and electronics, power density is used to evaluate the efficiency and performance of devices, systems, or materials by considering how much power they can handle or generate relative to their size or volume.

In energy transformers including batteries, fuel cells, motors, power supply units, etc., power density refers to a volume, where it is often called volume power density, expressed as W/m3.

In reciprocating internal combustion engines, power density (power per swept volume or brake horsepower per cubic centimetre) is an important metric, based on the internal capacity of the engine, not its external size.