hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009 Uruguayan general election
General elections were held in Uruguay on 25 October 2009 alongside a two-part referendum. As no candidate for president received more than 50% of the vote, a second round was held on 29 November between the top two candidates, José Mujica of the ruling Broad Front (who received 48% of the vote) and former president Luis Alberto Lacalle of the National Party (29%). Mujica won the run-off with 55% of the vote.

In the parliamentary elections, the Broad Front retained its majorities in both chambers, winning 16 of the 30 seats in the senators and 50 of the 99 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The National Party finished second with 9 senators and 30 deputies, the Colorado Party third with 5 Senators and 17 Deputies, and the Independent Party fourth with 2 deputies.

Broad Front (Uruguay)
The Broad Front (Spanish: Frente Amplio, FA) is a political coalition in Uruguay. Since 2025, it has been the ruling party of Uruguay, having previously ruled from 2005 to 2020 and has produced three presidents: Tabaré Vázquez (2005–2010; 2015–2020), José Mujica (2010–2015) and Yamandú Orsi (2025–present). Since 1999, it has been the largest party in Uruguay's General Assembly.
Walter Thomas (baseball)
Walter Lewis Thomas (October 22, 1911 – September 28, 1983), nicknamed "Bancy", was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1930s and 1940s.

A native of Doyle, Alabama, Thomas was the brother of fellow Negro leaguer Orrel Thomas. He made his Negro leagues debut in 1935 with the Chicago American Giants, and later played for the Detroit Stars, Kansas City Monarchs, and Birmingham Black Barons. Following his Negro league career, Thomas played for the Carman Cardinals of the Mandak League for several seasons in the early 1950s. He died in Big Rapids, Michigan in 1983 at age 71.

Thomas's grandson, Richie Martin, is a shortstop for the Baltimore Orioles.

Birmingham Black Barons
The Birmingham Black Barons were a Negro league baseball team that played from 1920 until 1960, including 18 seasons recognized as Major League by Major League Baseball. They shared their home field of Rickwood Field in Birmingham, Alabama, with the white Birmingham Barons, usually drawing larger crowds and equal press.
Jehad Al Baour
Jehad Al Baour (Arabic: جهاد الباعور) (born 27 June 1987) is a Syrian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Al-Jaish, which competes in the Syrian Premier League, the top division in Syria.

Baour was selected to Valeriu Tiţa's 23-man final squad for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar, but he did not appear in any of the three Syrian group games.

Al-Jaish SC (Syria)
Al-Jaish Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الجيش الرياضي) is a professional football club based in Damascus, Syria that competes in the Syrian Premier League. It was founded in 1947. The club plays at the Al-Fayhaa Stadium in Damascus. The team colors are red and white. Al-Jaish have won 17 official league titles, 9 Syrian Cups and 3 Syrian Super Cups. Between 2015 and 2019, it won five consecutive league titles. Al-Jaish have won the domestic double four times.

In 2004, Al-Jaish became the first Syrian club to ever win the AFC Cup, defeating Al-Wahda SC in the final. Al-Jaish have participated in the group stage of the AFC Champions League and have previously reached the finals of the Arab Club Champions Cup, Arab Cup Winners' Cup twice and Arab Super Cup once.

Al-Jaish Sports Club has a men's basketball team.
Roberts Bluķis
Roberts Bluķis (4 April 1913 – 14 April 1998) was a Latvian ice hockey and basketball player. Throughout his career, he played ice hockey for Rīgas US, HK ASK Rīga, and Dinamo Riga. Bluķis also played hockey for the Latvian national team at the 1936 Winter Olympics and in four World Championships. He finished his career after World War II with three seasons at Augsburger HC.

In basketball, he was a three-time Latvian champion and played for the Latvian national team at the 1935 and 1937 International University Games.

He studied at the Riga Technical University, earning a degree in engineering, and moved to Germany and then the United States after the Second World War. There he worked in civil service with the US Army Corps of Engineers.

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
George Cole Field
George Cole Field was a ballpark located in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, and served as the home of the Arkansas Razorbacks baseball program for two decades until Baum Stadium opened in 1996.  The ballpark is named after former Razorbacks baseball player, George Cole.

George Cole (American football)
George R. Cole (February 24, 1906 – January 24, 1978) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at the College of the Ozarks—now known as the University of the Ozarks—in Clarksville, Arkansas from  1930 to 1933 and the University of Arkansas in 1942, compiling a record of 3–7. Cole was also the athletic  director at Arkansas from 1970 to 1973.
Project complexity
Project complexity is the property of a project which makes it difficult to understand, foresee, and keep under control its overall behavior, even when given reasonably complete information about the project system. 
With a lens of systems thinking, project complexity can be defined as an intricate arrangement of the varied interrelated parts in which the elements can change and evolve constantly with an effect on the project objectives. The identification of complex projects is specifically important to multi-project engineering environments.

The domain was introduced by D. Baccarini in 1996.

Systems thinking
Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts. It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective action in complex contexts, enabling systems change. Systems thinking draws on and contributes to systems theory and the system sciences.
Makrellbekken
Makrellbekken is a neighbourhood in the Oslo borough of Vestre Aker in Norway, bordering the borough of Ullern. It is located between Smestad and Holmen. The main road is Sørkedalsveien, a part of Norwegian National Road 168. The place is served by the Røa Line (Line 2) of Oslo Metro.

Norwegian National Road 168
Norwegian National Road 168 (Norwegian: Riksvei 168) is a major route between Bærum and Oslo, Norway.

It stretches from the industrial area of Rud, Bærum to the inner city of Oslo. It is connected with important roads like the European route E16 and the National Roads 150 (Ring 3), 161 (Ring 2) and 162 (Ring 1). The entire route is 20.6 km.

Places to be found along the route are Bærums Verk, Øverland, Hosle, Østerås, Grini, Røa, Hovseter, Smestad, Vestre gravlund, Majorstuen and Uranienborg. It ends near the Royal Palace, Oslo.

The road passes through both densely populated and rural areas. Due to the importance of this road and its many large intersections there is relatively heavy traffic during peak hours. A tunnel under Røa is considered. The road consists mainly of two lanes, but from Smestad to Majorstuen it has four lanes. At certain sections, the Røa Line runs parallel to the road.
Mon kingdoms
Mon kingdoms were polities established by the Mon-speaking people in parts of present-day Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. The polities ranged from Dvaravati and Haripuñjaya in present-day northern Thailand to Thaton, Hanthawaddy (1287–1539), and the Restored Hanthawaddy (1740–1757) in southern Myanmar.

Mon–Burmese script
The Mon–Burmese script (Burmese: မွန်မြန်မာအက္ခရာ, listenⓘ; Mon: အက္ခရ်မန်ဗၟာ, listenⓘ, also called the Mon script and Burmese script) is an abugida that derives from the Pallava Grantha script of southern India and later of Southeast Asia. It is the primary writing system for Burmese, Mon, Shan, Rakhine, Jingpho, and several Karen languages.

The Mon-Burmese script is distinguished from Khmer-derived scripts (e.g., Khmer and Thai) by its basis on Pali orthography (they traditionally lack Sanskrit letters representing the sibilants ⟨ś⟩ and ⟨ṣ⟩ and the vocalic sonorants ⟨ṛ⟩ and ⟨ḷ⟩), the use of a virāma, and the round shape of letters.
Kosmos 25
Kosmos 25 (Russian: Космос 25 meaning Cosmos 25), also known as DS-P1 No.4 was a prototype radar target satellite for anti-ballistic missile tests, which was launched by the Soviet Union in 1964 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. Its primary mission was to demonstrate the necessary technologies for radar tracking of spacecraft, which would allow future satellites to function as targets.

It was launched aboard a Kosmos-2I 63S1 rocket, from Mayak-2 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 13:26 GMT on 27 February 1964.

Kosmos 25 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 255 kilometres (158 mi), an apogee of 526 kilometres (327 mi), 49.0° of inclination, and an orbital period of 92.3 minutes. It decayed from orbit on 21 November 1964.

Kosmos 25 was a prototype DS-P1 satellite, the last of four to be launched. Of these, it was the third to successfully reach orbit after Kosmos 6 and Kosmos 19. It was succeeded by the first operational DS-P1 satellite, Kosmos 36.

Anti-ballistic missile
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to destroy in-flight ballistic missiles. They achieve this explosively (chemical or nuclear), or via hit-to-kill kinetic vehicles, which may also have self-maneuvering capabilities.

Tactical systems are widely deployed to counter short and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that carry conventional warheads.

Strategic systems, deployed by the United States, Russia, China, and Israel, are capable of intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles, typically used to carry strategic nuclear warheads. During the Cold War, the 1972 ABM Treaty limited the nuclear arms race; excessive ICBM production would have been favoured to overwhelm ABM systems. For modern strategic systems, Russia's ABMs are the only ones that are themselves armed with nuclear warheads.
Barrington Dunbar
Barrington Dunbar (1901–1978) was a British Guianese-born American Quaker sociologist, economist, social worker, and activist.

He completed various international and national to social work, including managing a career guidance clinic for the New York Urban League, directed a displaced persons camp in Germany under the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, organized refugee recreation in France, and administering a yaws eradication program in Haiti. After joining the Society of Friends circa 1955, he encouraged Quakers to support Black liberation and confront systemic racism outside of their own communities.

New York Yearly Meeting
New York Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, or New York Yearly Meeting or NYYM, is the central organizing body for Quaker meetings and worship groups in New York State, northern and central New Jersey, and southwestern Connecticut.
Navicular fossa of male urethra
The navicular fossa is a short dilated portion of (the spongy (or cavernous or penile) portion of) the male urethra within the glans penis just proximal to the external urethral meatus. The roof of the fossa is especially dilated, forming a lacuna; medical instruments being inserted into the male urethra should initially be directed towards the floor of the fossa so as not to get snagged at the fossa. It is one of three dilations of the male urethra (the other two occurring at the prostate, and the bulb of penis).

The wall of the navicular fossa is the only part of the urethra that is lined with stratified squamous epithelium (instead of the transitional epithelium that is typical for the urinary tract).

During development, the glans of the penis is initially solid but cannulates to give rise to the navicular fossa.

Urinary meatus
The urinary meatus (/miːˈeɪtəs/, mee-AY-təs; pl.: meati or meatuses), also known as the external urethral meatus or external urethral orifice, is the opening where urine exits the urethra through the penis or vulva during urination. It is also where semen exits during male ejaculation, and other fluids during female ejaculation. The meatus has varying degrees of sensitivity to touch.
Telecommunications in Cyprus
Telecommunications in Cyprus includes radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet, in the Republic of Cyprus.

Cyta, the state-owned telecommunications company, manages most telecommunications and internet connections on the island. However, following the recent liberalization of the telecommunications sector, a few private telecommunications companies, have emerged.

Epic (Cyprus)
Epic Ltd (from 2004 to 2007 Areeba Ltd, and then from 2007 to 2019 MTN Cyprus Ltd), is a Cyprus based telecommunications service provider owned by Monaco Telecom.

It is the second largest mobile network operator in Cyprus by number of subscribers, behind Cyta.

In addition to its already established mobile network, the company is a provider of fixed telephony, broadband services and TV.
BAli-Phy
BAli-Phy is a free software program for simultaneously estimating a multiple sequence alignment and its phylogenetic tree.  BAli-Phy achieves high accuracy in alignment estimation by using information from the co-estimated phylogeny.  BAli-Phy takes alignment uncertainty into account while estimating the phylogeny by averaging over possible alignments.  Unlike most phylogeny inference software, input sequences need not be aligned beforehand.  This differs from traditional approaches to alignment and phylogeny estimation, which first estimate the alignment without a high-quality tree estimate, and then estimate the tree given the alignment.

BAli-Phy produces a Bayesian posterior distribution on both the alignments and the tree.  The software shows uncertainty in both the alignment and the tree. BAli-Phy uses Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for estimation.  It can take several days to run.

Bayes' theorem
Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes (/beɪz/), gives a mathematical rule for inverting conditional probabilities, allowing the probability of a cause to be found given its effect. For example, with Bayes' theorem, the probability that a patient has a disease given that they tested positive for that disease can be found using the probability that the test yields a positive result when the disease is present. The theorem was developed in the 18th century by Bayes and independently by Pierre-Simon Laplace.

One of Bayes' theorem's many applications is Bayesian inference, an approach to statistical inference, where it is used to invert the probability of observations given a model configuration (i.e., the likelihood function) to obtain the probability of the model configuration given the observations (i.e., the posterior probability).
Daniel D. Badger
Daniel D. Badger (15 October 1806–1884) was an American founder, working in New York City under the name Architectural Iron Works. With James Bogardus, he was one of the major forces in creating a cast-iron architecture in the United States. Christopher Gray of The New York Times remarks: "Most cast-iron buildings present problems of authorship – it is hard to tell if it was the founder or the architect who actually designed the facade."

Badger's illustrated catalogues of cast-iron architectural elements provided the most extensive and ambitious offering of them in 19th-century America. Originally intended as an advertising device, the catalogue issued in 1865 was reprinted in 1981, with an introduction by Margot Gayle, and was digitized in 2011 by the Internet Archive with the support of the New York chapter of the Victorian Society of America.

Lists of New York City landmarks
These are lists of New York City landmarks designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission:

List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan:
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan above 110th Street
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan on smaller islands

List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn

List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Queens

List of New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx

List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island

New York City scenic landmarks, split across several boroughs
Battle of Ocaña
The Battle of Ocaña was fought on 19 November 1809 between French forces under Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult against the Spanish army under General Juan Carlos Aréizaga, which suffered its greatest single defeat in the Peninsular War.

General Aréizaga's Spanish army of 51,000 troops lost nearly 19,000 men killed, wounded, prisoners and deserters, mostly due to the French use of their cavalry. Tactically, the battle was a Cannae-like encirclement of the Spanish army, and the worst defeat ever suffered by a Spanish army on home soil. The strategic consequences were also devastating, as it destroyed the only force capable of defending southern Spain.

Pedro Agustín Girón
Pedro Agustín Girón y de las Casas, 1st Duke of Ahumada, 4th Marquis of the Amarillas (1778–1842) was a Spanish military officer and politician.

The son of a general, he fought against the French during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Napoleonic Wars he became a general officer and again fought the French. In later life he held military and political positions.
Glynn Pedersen
Glynn Pedersen (born 29 April 1981) is a British ski jumper. He competed in the normal hill and large hill events at the 2002 Winter Olympics.  His 14th place in the 2nd tier Continental Cup competition on the normal hill at Ishpeming, Michigan, USA on 19 January 2002 is the highest position achieved by a British jumper at an FIS event. He held the British ski jumping record between September 2001 and April 2017 with a jump of 113.50m.  The distance was surpassed by Jake Lock.

Ski jumping at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Large hill individual
The men's large hill individual ski jumping competition for the 2002 Winter Olympics was held in Park City, United States. The competition went for two days, with the qualifying round on February 12 and the final rounds on February 13.
Rimbey
Rimbey /ˈrɪmbiː/ is a town in central Alberta, Canada. It is located at the junction of Highways 20 and 53 in the Blindman River valley area approximately 62 kilometres (39 mi) northwest of Red Deer and 145 kilometres (90 mi) southwest of Edmonton.

Provincially, Rimbey is part of the Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre electoral district and federally in the Ponoka—Didsbury riding.

Red Deer, Alberta
Red Deer is a city in Alberta, Canada, located midway on the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. Red Deer serves central Alberta, and its key industries include health care, retail trade, construction, oil and gas, hospitality, manufacturing and education. It is surrounded by Red Deer County and borders on Lacombe County. The city is in aspen parkland, a region of rolling hills, alongside the Red Deer River.
Brome, Germany
Brome (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁoːmə]) is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Ohre, approx. 25 km northeast of Wolfsburg.

The municipality consists of the following villages:

Altendorf

Benitz

Brome

Wiswedel

Zicherie

Brome is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde Brome ("collective municipality").

Castle

Town hall

Lutheran church

Lake Ohresee

Lutheran church in Altendorf

During the Cold War, Brome was by the Inner German border separating West Germany and Communist East Germany (German Democratic Republic). The Brome Castle Museum has local artifacts from the Cold War and from other periods of history.

Museums of the inner German border
Numerous museums of the inner German border are located along the course of the former border between East and West Germany, documenting its story and in some places preserving original elements of the border fortifications.
1969 City of Bridgetown by-election
A by-election was held in the Barbadian constituency of the city of  Bridgetown on 29 May 1969 after the death of Barbados National Party member Louis Lynch who was the representative of the constituency in the House of Assembly of Barbados. It was the first election held after Barbados gained  independence from the British Empire in 1966.

Barbados Independence Act 1966
The Barbados Independence Act 1966 (c. 37) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted independence to Barbados with effect from 30 November 1966.  The Act also provided for the granting of a new constitution to take effect upon independence, which was done by the Barbados Independence Order 1966.

As a result of the Act, Barbados became the fourth English-speaking country in the West Indies to achieve full independence from the United Kingdom, after Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, and Guyana. At independence, Barbados became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations as a Commonwealth realm; prior to this, Barbados had been a fully self-governing British colony from 1961.
Chester-class cruiser
The three Chester-class cruisers were the first United States Navy vessels to be designed and designated as fast "scout cruisers" for fleet reconnaissance. They had high speed but little armor or armament. They were authorized in January 1904, ordered in fiscal year 1905, and completed in 1908. In 1920 all scout cruisers were redesignated as "light cruisers" (CL).

Birmingham was the first ship in the world to launch an airplane, in 1910 with pilot Eugene Ely, who also performed the first landing on a ship the following year, on USS Pennsylvania. The class patrolled the Caribbean prior to World War I, sometimes supporting military interventions, with Chester playing a key role at the start of the United States occupation of Veracruz in 1914. The ships escorted convoys in World War I. The class was decommissioned 1921-1923 and sold for scrap to comply with the limits of the London Naval Treaty in 1930.

London Naval Treaty
The London Naval Treaty, officially the Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament, was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy, and the United States that was signed on 22 April 1930. Seeking to address issues not covered in the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty, which had created tonnage limits for each nation's surface warships, the new agreement regulated submarine warfare, further controlled cruisers and destroyers, and limited naval shipbuilding.

Ratifications were exchanged in London on 27 October 1930, and the treaty went into effect on the same day, but it was largely ineffective.

The treaty was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 6 February 1931.