hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Compounding of steam turbines
In steam turbine design, compounding is a method of extracting steam energy in multiple stages rather than a single one. Each stage of a compounded steam turbine has its own set of nozzles and rotors. These are arranged in series, either keyed to the common shaft or fixed to the casing. The arrangement allows either the steam pressure or the jet velocity to be absorbed incrementally.

Nozzle
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (specially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.

A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.
WDM Radio Awards
The WDM Radio Awards is an award ceremony created in 2017 by Los 40 under their World Dance Music brand, billed as "the first radio awards to electronic music". It is meant to be a global event, promoted by the twelve Los 40 stations in Spain and Latin America.

Don Diablo
Don Pepijn Schipper (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɔn pəˈpɛin ˈsxɪpər]; born 27 February 1980), better known by his stage name Don Diablo, is a Dutch DJ, digital artist, record producer, musician and songwriter of electronic dance music. He is one of the pioneers of the future house genre and was ranked sixth in the Top 100 DJs – 2020 list by DJ Mag. He was also ranked number one Producer of the Year for 2018 by 1001Tracklists. In 2016, he was ranked the number one Future House Artist of the Year on Beatport.

In 2015, he founded his own record label, HEXAGON.
Portrait of Perugino
The Portrait of Perugino is a portrait of the Italian Renaissance artist Perugino attributed to his pupil Raphael or to Lorenzo di Credi. It was produced around 1504 and is now in the Uffizi gallery, Florence.

Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.
Eclipses in mythology and culture
Eclipses of the Sun and of the Moon have been described by nearly every culture. In cultures without an astronomical explanation, eclipses were often attributed to supernatural causes or regarded as bad omens.

Solar viewer
Solar viewers (also known as solar viewing glasses or solar eclipse glasses) are special eyewear designed for direct viewing of the Sun. Standard sunglasses are unable to filter out eye-damaging radiation. Solar viewers can be used for safe viewing of solar events such as eclipses. The recommended optical density of this eyewear is 5, meaning that the solar viewing filter only permits 1 part in 100,000 of incident light to pass through. In addition to blocking visible light, solar viewers also block ultraviolet and infrared rays which can damage one's eyes.
Cates
Cates is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Challen Cates (born 1967), American actress

Clifton Bledsoe Cates (1893–1970), 19th Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps

David Allan Cates (born 1956), American novelist

Fatima Cates (1865–1900), British Muslim convert and activist

George Cates (1911–2002), American musical conductor associated with Lawrence Welk

George Edward Cates (1892–1917), English recipient of the Victoria Cross in World War I

Gilbert Cates (1934–2011), American film director

Kristy Cates (born 1977), American stage actress and singer

Michael Cates (born 1961), Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University

Miriam Cates (born 1982), British Member of Parliament elected 2019

Noah Cates (born 1999), American ice hockey player

Opie Cates (1909–1987), American band leader

Phoebe Cates (born 1963), American film actress

Richard Cates (1925–2011), American lawyer and politician

Gilbert Cates
Gilbert Cates (né Katz; June 6, 1934 – October 31, 2011) was an American film director and television producer, director of the Geffen Playhouse, a member of Cates/Doty Productions, and founding dean of the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. Cates is most known for having produced the Academy Awards telecast a record 14 times between 1990 and 2008.
John Glenn (1870s outfielder)
John W. Glenn (January 1850 – November 10, 1888) was an American Major League Baseball player for four teams during his seven-year career.

On November 10, 1888, Glenn died from injuries sustained from being accidentally shot the week prior by a police officer in Sandy Hill, New York. Glenn was accused of robbery and assaulting a 9-year-old girl, and the officer was attempting to protect him from a lynch mob.

Hudson Falls, New York
Hudson Falls (formerly Sandy Hill) is a village located in Washington County, New York, United States. The village is in the southwest of the town of Kingsbury, on U.S. Route 4. Hudson Falls is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 7,428. It was the county seat of Washington County until 1994, when the county seat was moved to Fort Edward.
Dera, Amhara (woreda)
Dera (Amharic: ደራ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Dera is bordered on the south and west by the Bahir Dar, Zenzelma subcity located in Semien Gojjam zone, on the west by Lake Tana, on the north by Fogera, on the northeast by Misraq Este, and on the east by Mirab Este. The main settlement towns in Dera includes Anbesame, Arbgebeya and Hamusit.

Bahir Dar
Bahir Dar (Amharic: ባሕር ዳር, lit. 'sea shore') is the capital city of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Bahir Dar is one of the leading tourist destinations in Ethiopia, with a variety of attractions in the nearby Lake Tana and Blue Nile river. The city is known for its wide avenues lined with palm trees and a variety of colorful flowers. In 2002, it was awarded the UNESCO Cities for Peace Prize for addressing the challenges of rapid urbanization.
Lancer 29 Mark III
The Lancer 29 Mark III, also called the Lancer 29-3, is an American sailboat that was designed by C&C Design as a cruiser and first built in 1977. In 1982, the boat was renamed the Lancer 30.

The Lancer 29 Mark III is thought to have been built using the molds for the C&C 30, hence the design credit to C&C Design. There was no Lancer 29 Mark I or II, but the C&C 30 was produced in Mark I and Mark II versions.

The Lancer 29 Mark III is sometimes confused with the unrelated Lancer 29 PS power sailer.

Cruising (maritime)
Cruising is a maritime activity that involves staying aboard a watercraft for extended periods of time when the vessel is traveling on water at a steady speed. Cruising generally refers to leisurely trips on yachts and luxury cruiseships, with durations varying from day-trips to months-long round-the-world voyages.
1st Wisconsin Territorial Assembly
The First Legislative Assembly of the Wisconsin Territory convened from October 25, 1836, to December 9, 1836, and from November 6, 1837, to January 20, 1838, in regular session.  The Assembly also convened in special session from June 11, 1838, to June 25, 1838.

The first session was held at Belmont, Iowa County (in present-day Lafayette County, Wisconsin).  The 2nd session and special session were held at Burlington, Des Moines County (in present-day Des Moines County, Iowa).

The three sessions of the 1st Legislative Assembly were the only legislative sessions to take place before the division of the Iowa Territory from the Wisconsin Territory.

Belmont, Wisconsin
Belmont is a village in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 989 at the 2020 census. It was the original capital of the Wisconsin Territory during the first legislative assembly in 1836.
Paterson Islands
Paterson Islands is a group of small islands lying 7.4 kilometres (4 nmi) northeast of Klung Islands, 3.7 kilometres (2 nmi) southeast of Wiltshire Rocks and Kitney Island, and 5.6 kilometres (3 nmi) southeast of Smith Rocks, close along the coast of Mac. Robertson Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for A.J.F. Paterson, supervisory technician (radio) at Mawson Station, 1963.

Mac. Robertson Land
Mac. Robertson Land is the portion of Antarctica lying southward of the coast between William Scoresby Bay and Cape Darnley. It is located at 70°00′S 65°00′E﻿ / ﻿70.000°S 65.000°E﻿ / -70.000; 65.000. In the east, Mac. Robertson Land includes the Prince Charles Mountains. It was named by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) (1929–1931), under Sir Douglas Mawson, after Sir Macpherson Robertson of Melbourne, a patron of the expedition.

From 1965 onward, members of the SAE (Soviet Antarctic Expeditions) began undertaking geological fieldwork in the Prince Charles Mountains, eventually establishing a base, Soyuz Station, on the eastern shore of Beaver Lake in the northern Prince Charles Mountains.
Di Renjie
Di Renjie (630 – November 11, 700), courtesy name Huaiying (懷英), posthumous name Duke Wenhui of Liang (梁文惠公), was a Chinese politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties, twice serving as chancellor during the reign of Wu Zetian. He was one of the most celebrated officials of Wu Zetian's reign. Di Renjie is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu by Jin Guliang.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Azure Parsons
Azure Parsons (born October 5, 1984) is an American actress. She has appeared in a number of films, including 2 Guns, Paradise, and Dark Places, and television shows like Death Valley, Castle, and True Detective. In 2014, Parsons was cast as a recurring character in the first season of the fantasy drama series Salem on WGN America. In 2016, she returned to recur in the third season of Salem. She starred as Annie Glenn on the ABC drama series The Astronaut Wives Club.

2 Guns
2 Guns is a 2013 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Baltasar Kormákur and starring Denzel Washington and Mark Wahlberg. It is based on the comic book series of the same name created by Steven Grant and Mateus Santolouco, published in 2007 by Boom! Studios.

The film was released in the United States on August 2, 2013, and was met with positive reviews from critics.
Cathedral of the Archangel
The Cathedral of the Archangel (Russian: Архангельский собор, romanized: Arkhangel'skiy sobor) is a Russian Orthodox church dedicated to the Archangel Michael. It is located in Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin in Russia between the Great Kremlin Palace and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower. It was the main necropolis of the tsars of Russia until the relocation of the capital to St. Petersburg.

It was constructed between 1505 and 1508 under the supervision of the Italian architect Aloisio the New on the spot of an older cathedral, built in 1333. Now it also serves as a part of Moscow Kremlin Museums.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
Cambridge (cigarette)
Cambridge is a brand of cigarettes, currently owned by the conglomerate Altria, and manufactured by Philip Morris International (with a few exceptions in the U.S., where Philip Morris USA takes over production). In the U.K., Cambridge was manufactured by Rothmans International up until 1999.

Altria
Altria Group, Inc. is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco, cigarettes, and medical products in the treatment of illnesses caused by tobacco. It operates worldwide and is headquartered in the city of Richmond, Virginia.

Altria is the parent company of Philip Morris USA, John Middleton, Inc., U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company, Inc., Philip Morris Capital Corporation, and NJOY Holdings, Inc. Altria also maintains large minority stakes in Belgium-based brewer AB InBev and the Canadian cannabis company Cronos Group. It is a component of the S&P 500 and was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1985 to 2008, dropping due to spin-offs of Kraft Foods Inc. in 2007 and Philip Morris International in 2008.
Juan Pérez Medina
Juan Pérez Medina (born 20 October 1960) is a Mexican politician and educator affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative.

Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
Ran McDonald
Ranald "Ran" John McDonald (November 21, 1889 – January 29, 1950) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 159 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). Among the teams he played with were the New Westminster Royals, Portland Rosebuds, Victoria Aristocrats, and Spokane Canaries.

He also played lacrosse with the Vancouver Lacrosse Club.

New Westminster Royals
The New Westminster Royals was the name of several professional ice hockey teams based in New Westminster, British Columbia, first established in 1911 for the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). Though nominally based in New Westminster, the team played its home games at the Denman Arena in nearby Vancouver, as an arena was not available; the team would never play a PCHA home game in New Westminster as a result. They won the inaugural PCHA championship in 1912, though financial difficulties saw the team relocated to Portland, Oregon in 1914 and become the Portland Rosebuds.
C. Sukirthan
Chandralingam Sukirthan (Tamil: சந்திரலிங்கம் சுகிர்தன்) is a Sri Lankan Tamil politician and provincial councillor.

Sukirthan contested the 2013 provincial council election as one of the Tamil National Alliance's candidates in Jaffna District and was elected to the Northern Provincial Council. After the election he was appointed to assist the Minister of Fisheries, Transport, Trade and Rural Development on co-operative banks. He took his oath as provincial councillor in front of Chief Minister C. V. Vigneswaran at Veerasingam Hall on 11 October 2013.

Veerasingam Hall
Co-operator Veerasingam Hall (Tamil: கூட்டுறவாளர் வீரசிங்கம் மண்டபம், Sinhala: වීරසිංහම් ශාලාව; commonly known as Veerasingam Hall) is a public hall/office building in the city of Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka. The hall is the main venue for conferences, conventions and cultural events in the north of the country. It was named after V. Veerasingam, the first president of the Federation of Co-operative Societies, Jaffna District. Veerasingam had been principal of Manipay Hindu College before becoming MP for Vaddukoddai.
Napoleon Kaufman
Napoleon "Nip" Kaufman (born June 7, 1973) is an American former professional football player who played his entire career as a running back and kick returner for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Washington Huskies, earning All-American honors twice. After his playing career, he became an ordained minister and head football coach at Bishop O'Dowd High School and Dublin High School in the Bay Area.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
Avnyugsky
Avnyugsky (Russian: Авнюгский) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Fedkovskoye Rural Settlement of Verkhnetoyemsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,183 as of 2010. There are 16 streets.

Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District (Russian: Верхнето́емский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Verkhnetoyemsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Pinezhsky District in the north, Udorsky District of the Komi Republic in the east, Krasnoborsky and Ustyansky Districts in the south, Shenkursky District in the west, and with Vinogradovsky District in the northwest. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhnyaya Toyma. District's population:  17,060 (2010 Census); 22,630 (2002 Census); 27,989 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Verkhnyaya Toyma accounts for 20.3% of the district's total population.
European Sociological Association
The European Sociological Association (ESA) is an academic association of European sociologists with over 2800 members. It is a member of the Initiative for Science in Europe and the International Sociological Association.

Initiative for Science in Europe
The Initiative for Science in Europe (ISE) is an independent platform of European learned societies and scientific organisations. It provides a common forum for the scientific communities to advocate independent scientific advice in European policy making and to stimulate the involvement of European scientists in the design and implementation of European science policy. Founded as informal organisation back in 2004, it was later registered as a not-for-profit organisation in Strasbourg since October 2017.
A Little to the Left
A Little to the Left is a 2022 puzzle video game developed by Canadian independent studio Max Inferno and published by Secret Mode. The game was initially made for the GMTK Game Jam but was later expanded to a full game.

A Little to the Left received positive reviews from critics.

Sumo Group
Sumo Group Limited is a British video game holding company based in Sheffield. It was formed in December 2017 as the parent company for Sumo Digital and Atomhawk, followed by its initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange later that month. After purchasing a minority stake in Sumo Group in November 2019, Tencent wholly acquired the company in January 2022.
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 with the song "Se eu te pudesse abraçar" written by José Cid, and performed by the group Alma Lusa. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP), organised the national final Festival RTP da Canção 1998 in order to select its entry for the contest. The competition took place on 7 March 1998 where "Se eu te pudesse abraçar" performed by Alma Lusa emerged as the winner following the votes from a five-member jury panel. Songwriter José Cid represented Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 with the song "Um grande, grande amor" which placed seventh in the competition.

The song competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 9 May 1998. Performing during the show in position 14, it placed twelfth out of the 25 participating songs from different countries, scoring 36 points.

Festival da Canção
Festival da Canção (Portuguese: [fɨʃtiˈval dɐ kɐ̃ˈsɐ̃w]; "Song Festival") or Festival RTP da Canção is the name given to the national festival produced and broadcast by Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) to select its entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. It was first held in 1964.
Tactical Mobilisation Group
The Tactical Mobilisation Group (TMG, Turkish: Seferberlik Taktik Kurulu) was the special operations unit of the Turkish Army. It was founded in 1952 as part of NATO's efforts to establish a Counter-Guerrilla force in Turkey as the Turkish branch of Operation Gladio. It was disbanded in 1965, with special operations taken over by the new Special Warfare Department (Turkish: Özel Harp Dairesi).

In the 2000s it was revealed that the 1955 Istanbul pogrom was engineered by the TMG. Turkish Land Forces General Sabri Yirmibeşoğlu, the right-hand man of General Kemal Yamak who organised the Counter-Guerrilla through the Tactical Mobilization Group, proudly reminisced about his involvement in the riots, calling the TMG "a magnificent organization".

Kemal Yamak
Kemal Yamak (1924 – 26 July 2009) was Commander of the Turkish Army (1987–1989). He was previously head of the Special Warfare Department (1971–1974).

At the request of Yamak, General Semih Sancar, then the Chief of General Staff, asked Bülent Ecevit for a slush fund of 1 million dollars to support the Counter-Guerrilla programme. It was at that point Ecevit learned of its existence, and demanded a briefing.

In 2006, he published a book defending the role of the Special Warfare Department, and rejecting many allegations about its links with the "deep state".