hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernd Fritzsch
Bernd Fritzsch (born May 1, 1948) is a German–American neurobiologist, professor emeritus, and former chair of the department of Biology at University of Iowa. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is known for his research in comparative molecular neuroembryology, particularly in discovering the molecular evolution and development of sensory cells within the inner ear, including auditory hair cells and neurons. His research identifies developmental stages that could facilitate the restoration of hearing abilities.

Fritzsch's investigations cover the molecular intricacies behind the development of various auditory structures, such as the cochlear and vestibular organs, spiral and vestibular ganglion neurons, and the cochlear and vestibular nuclei in the hindbrain.

Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:

The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

The vestibular system, dedicated to balance.

The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with substantial variations in form and function. The inner ear is innervated by the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.
Hugo Ball
Hugo Ball (German: [bal]; 22 February 1886 – 14 September 1927) was a German author, poet, and essentially the founder of the Dada movement in European art in Zürich in 1916. Among other accomplishments, he was a pioneer in the development of sound poetry. His best known works include the "Dada Manifesto", the Dadaist nonsense poem "Karawane", the poetry collection 7 schizophrene Sonette, the edited diary Flight out of Time, the Christian anarchist polemic book Critique of the German Intelligentsia and the novels Flametti, or The Dandyism of the Poor and Tenderenda the Fantast.

Swiss National Library
The Swiss National Library  (German: Schweizerische Nationalbibliothek, French: Bibliothèque nationale suisse, Italian: Biblioteca nazionale svizzera, Romansh: Biblioteca naziunala svizra) is the national library of Switzerland. Part of the Federal Office of Culture, it is charged with collecting, cataloging and conserving information in all fields, disciplines, and media connected with Switzerland, as well as ensuring the widest possible accessibility and dissemination of such data.

The Swiss National Library is intended to be open to all and, by the breadth and scope of its collection, aims to reflect the plurality and diversity of Swiss culture. It is a heritage site of national significance.
Methuen (surname)
Methuen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Sir Algernon Methuen (1856–1924), founder of Methuen & Co. Ltd.

Anthony Methuen, 5th Baron Methuen (1891–1975), British soldier, architect and peer

Charlotte Methuen (born 1964), British Anglican priest and historian

John Methuen (disambiguation)

Paul Methuen (disambiguation), various British people, including politicians and scientists

Sir
Sir is a formal honourific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exists in French only as part of "Monsieur" lit. 'my lord'.

Traditionally, as governed by law and custom, Sir is used for men who are knights and belong to certain orders of chivalry, as well as later applied to baronets and other offices.

As the female equivalent for knighthood is damehood, the suo jure female equivalent term is typically Dame. The wife of a knight or baronet tends to be addressed as Lady, although a few exceptions and interchanges of these uses exist.

Additionally, since the late modern period, Sir has been used as a respectful way to address a man of superior social status or military rank. Equivalent terms of address for women are Madam (shortened to Ma'am), in addition to social honourifics such as Mrs, Ms, or Miss.
Yaw damper (railroad)
A yaw damper is a transverse mounted shock absorber used to prevent railcars and locomotives from swaying excessively from side to side. Yaw dampers prevent locomotives and passenger railcars from striking station platforms as they roll past them and reduce the gap that must be left between the railroad vehicle and the platform, improving safety.

Shock absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction).
Edmund Seyfang Taylor
Edmund Seyfang Taylor (27 August 1853 – 19 April 1908), popularly known as "Walker Miles", was an early pioneer of rambling in the UK. He founded one of the predecessors of the modern-day Ramblers of Great Britain and wrote numerous walking guides.

The Ramblers
The Ramblers' Association, branded simply as the Ramblers, is Great Britain's walking charity. The Ramblers is also a membership organisation with around 100,000 members and a network of volunteers who maintain and protect the path network. The organisation was founded in 1935 and campaigns to keep the British countryside open to all.
Aksharit
Aksharit is a word game for Indian languages, developed and marketed by MadRat Games Pvt. Ltd. It is based on the Hindi language. and loosely inspired by crossword puzzles, but is purportedly designed to have specific pedagogical utility for Hindi language learning. Aksharit is used in 3,000 schools throughout India and has been used by over 300,000 children. It is also available in 10 other major Indian languages, as well as in digital form on Nokia's Symbian3 platform and on Intel AppUp. It has been a recipient of the Manthan Award and has been recognized at conferences such as TechSparks and INKtalks.

Manthan Award
The Manthan Award is an annual award for South Asia given in recognition of exceptional digital content creation. Nominations are accepted from the public and multiple awards are given in many categories. In 2011 The Hindu referred to the Manthan Award as "one of South Asia's biggest events in information and communications technology for development initiatives." The award is issued by the Digital Empowerment Foundation and was partly inspired by the World Summit Award. It was created on 10 October 2004 and originally restricted to India, but in 2008 was expanded to include other South Asian nations.

In some cases awards are given for content creation tools such as Azhagi, a component enabling text entry in Indic scripts.
Sebastián Zunino
Sebastián Zunino (born 21 January 1988 in Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) is an Argentine football referee. He officiates in the Argentine Primera División and was added to the FIFA International Referees List in 2024.

FIFA International Referees List
The FIFA International Referees List is an annual publication of the global list of FIFA international referees in the football-variants controlled by FIFA – association football (outdoor football), futsal and beach soccer. Members of the list are qualified to officiate at international level and are entitled to wear on their uniform for the year in which they listed.
Lipin (surname)
Lipin (Russian: Липин) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Lipina. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Lipin (born 1985), Kazakhstani ice hockey player

Maksim Lipin (born 1992), Estonian footballer

Steven Lipin (born 1963) CEO of Gladstone Place Partners and former partner at Brunswick Group.

Alexander Lipin
Alexander Gennadievich Lipin (Russian: Александр Геннадьевич Липин; born 10 December 1985) is a Kazakhstani professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays with Yertis Pavlodar and Nomad Astana of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship. He has formerly played Barys Astana in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Munim Pak
Makhdoom Shah Muneem Pak (1671-1771) was an Indian Sufi saint of Qadiriyya Order of Sufism and had Khilafat from Abulolai Naqshbandi order of Sufism. One chain of his silsila is linked with Ahmed Sirhindi.

Qadiri Order
The Qadiriyya (Arabic: القادرية) or the Qadiri order (Arabic: الطريقة القادرية, romanized: al-Ṭarīqa al-Qādiriyya) is a Sunni Sufi order (tariqa) founded by Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166, also transliterated Jilani), who was a Hanbali scholar from Gilan, Iran.

The order, with its many sub-orders, is widespread. Its members are present in India, Bangladesh, China, Turkey, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Balkans, Russia, Palestine, as well as East, West and North Africa.
Censorship under the military dictatorship in Brazil
The 1964–1985 military dictatorship in Brazil engaged in censorship of media, artists, journalists, and others it deemed "subversive", "dangerous", or "immoral". The political system installed by the 1964 coup d'état also set out to censor material that went against what it called moral e bons costumes ('morality and good manners').

The government prohibited the production and circulation of such material. In addition to foreign books and authors, especially those social and political in nature, about 140 books by Brazilian authors were forbidden by the state in that period, covering both fiction and non-fiction. Among these Brazilian authors there were Érico Veríssimo, Jorge Amado, Darcy Ribeiro, Rubem Fonseca, Caio Prado Júnior, Celso Furtado, Ignácio de Loyola Brandão, Dalton Trevisan, Maria da Conceição Tavares, Olympio Mourão Filho, and others.

Immorality
Immorality is the violation of moral laws, norms or standards. It refers to an agent doing or thinking something they know or believe to be wrong. Immorality is normally applied to people or actions, or in a broader sense, it can be applied to groups or corporate bodies, and works of art.
Buttons (pantomime)
Buttons is a traditional character in Cinderella pantomimes, and is commonly portrayed in Cinderella pantomimes throughout the UK and Australia. He is typically a male servant of the household who helps Cinderella and loves her, and who is liked and trusted but not loved by her.  The character has sometimes been called Pedro.

The character first appeared in 1860 at the Strand Theatre, London in a version of the story derived from the opera La Cenerentola by Rossini.  Rossini includes a character Dandini as assistant to the Prince, which was also included, and a complementary character for Cinderella, called Buttoni was added for the pantomime at this time.  'Buttons' was at that time a name for a young male servant or pageboy commonly having gilt buttons down the front of his jacket.

While the character introduces a note of pathos in his unrequited love for Cinderella, he is often portrayed in a comic tone.

Royal Strand Theatre
The Royal Strand Theatre was located in the Strand in the City of Westminster. The theatre was built on the site of a panorama in 1832, and in 1882 was rebuilt by the prolific theatre architect Charles J. Phipps. It was demolished in 1905 to make way for Aldwych tube station.
Castle Adventure
Castle Adventure is a freeware adventure game designed by Kevin Bales and released in 1984. It was also illegally included in Keypunch's Swords and Sorcery under the title Golden Wombat. It uses ASCII characters to display a castle map and moving creatures. It is compiled from Microsoft BASIC. The source code has never been released.

1984 in video games
1984 saw many sequels and prequels along with new titles such as 1942, Boulder Dash, Cobra Command, Jet Set Willy, Karate Champ, Kung-Fu Master, Yie Ar Kung-Fu and Punch-Out!! The year's highest-grossing arcade video games were Pole Position in the United States, for the second year in a row, and Track & Field in the United Kingdom. The year's best-selling home system was Nintendo's Family Computer (Famicom), which was only sold in Japan at the time.
Vulcan FlipStart
The Vulcan FlipStart was a super compact PC, weighing 1.5 pounds (with standard high capacity battery) and the size of a paperback novel (4.5 by 5.9 by 1.6 inches with high capacity battery). FlipStart was the release name for the concept PC Paul Allen showed at CES 2003 and 2004, specifically FlipStart V1.0. The original concept name was Mini-PC.

Its main competition at the time of release was the OQO Model 02. OQO had released the Model 01 at the time the FlipStart was announced 4 years earlier. They were both equipped with QWERTY keyboards and wireless capabilities but the FlipStart was a clamshell (flipped open) versus the OQO which slid up to reveal the keyboard.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.
Grand Lapa Macau
The Grand Lapa Macau is a luxury hotel on Avenida da Amizade in Sé, Macau, China located directly adjacent to the Sands Macao and near the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal.

The hotel opened in 1984 as the Excelsior and was later renamed the Oriental Hotel and then the Mandarin Oriental, Macau. The hotel was 50% owned by Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group and 50% owned by Stanley Ho's Shun Tak Holdings before being fully purchased in 2009 by another of Ho's companies, Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau.

The hotel was renamed the Grand Lapa Macau on August 1, 2009, a year prior to the opening of the new Mandarin Oriental, Macau in One Central. Despite the renaming, the Grand Lapa continued to be operated by Mandarin Oriental through January 2014.

The 435 rooms are decorated with Portuguese fabrics and teakwood furnishings.

Sands Macao
Sands Macao (Chinese: 金沙娛樂場) is a hotel and casino resort located in Sé, Macau, SAR - China. It is owned and operated by the Las Vegas Sands Corporation, and was designed by Steelman Partners, LLP.  It comprises a 229,000 square feet (21,300 m2) casino, and a 289-suite hotel.
Gas laws
The physical laws describing the behaviour of gases under fixed pressure, volume, amount of gas, and absolute temperature conditions are called gas laws. The basic gas laws were discovered by the end of the 18th century when scientists found out that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases. The combination of several empirical gas laws led to the development of the ideal gas law.

The ideal gas law was later found to be consistent with atomic and kinetic theory.

History of atomic theory
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. Initially, it referred to a hypothetical fundamental particle of matter, too small to be seen by the naked eye, that could not be divided. Then the definition was refined to being the basic particles of the chemical elements, when chemists observed that elements seemed to combine with each other in ratios of small whole numbers. Then physicists discovered that these atoms had an internal structure of their own and therefore could be divided after all.

Atomic theory is one of the most important scientific developments in history, crucial to all the physical sciences. At the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept.
Kalamullah Al-Hafiz
Kalamullah Al-Hafiz bin Mat Rowi (Jawi: كلام الله الحافظ بن مات الراوي, IPA: [kalamullah al-hafɪz bɪn mat 'rowɪ]; born 30 July 1995) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Malaysia Super League club Selangor and the Malaysia national team.

MFL Challenge Cup
The MFL Challenge Cup (Malay: Piala Cabaran MFL), previously referred to as the Malaysia Challenge Cup, is a  football tournament in Malaysia that is organized jointly by the Malaysian Football League (MFL) and the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM). The tournament serves as a secondary-tier cup competition for teams that are eliminated during the round of 16 of the Malaysia Cup.
1980 WFA Cup final
The 1980 WFA Cup Final was the 10th final of the FA Women's Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. It was the tenth final to be held under the direct control of Women's Football Association (WFA). St Helens and Preston North End contested the match at Southbury Road, the former home stadium of Enfield F.C. on 4 May 1980. The game ended 1–0 to St Helens.

Women's Football Association
The Women's Football Association (WFA) was the governing body of women's football in England. It was formed in 1969 and was disbanded in 1993, as responsibility for overseeing all aspects of the game of women's football in England passed to the Football Association.
Ibrahim ibn Hamdan
Ibrahim ibn Hamdan (Arabic: إبراهيم بن حمدان; d. 920/1) was an early member of the Hamdanid dynasty, who served the Abbasid Caliphate as a provincial governor.

He first appears during 908, when his brother, Husayn, was involved in the failed usurpation of Ibn al-Mu'tazz and was pursued by the Abbasid government. Along with the rest of Husayn's brothers, Ibrahim remained loyal to the Abbasids, and negotiated a pardon for Husayn, who was readmitted to Abbasid service. During another revolt of Husayn in 914–915, Ibrahim was suspected of involvement and briefly imprisoned, along with another brother, Abdallah. Released, Ibrahim was appointed governor of the Upper Mesopotamian district of Diyar Rabi'a in 919/20. He died in the next year, and was succeeded by one of his brothers, Dawud.

Diyar Rabi'a
Diyar Rabi'a (Arabic: دِيَارُ رَبِيعَةَ, romanized: Diyār Rabīʿa, lit. 'abode of Rabi'a') is the medieval Arabic name of the easternmost and largest of the three provinces of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Bakr and Diyar Mudar. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by Mu'awiya in the course of the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Diyar Rabi'a was settled by the Rabi'a tribe.
William J. Pascrell III
William J. Pascrell III is an American lobbyist with the Princeton Public Affairs Group, and has been the Passaic County Counsel. He has worked for United States Senator and Governor Jon Corzine, United States Senator Frank Lautenberg, United States Senator Robert Menendez, Congressman Robert Roe, Herb Klein and Albio Sires as well as Governor James E. McGreevey. Pascrell earned an Emmy Award nomination in the category of Outstanding Talk Program Series for "The Battling Bills," a program he created jointly with Bill Palatucci. Pascrell graduated from Rutgers University and the Eagleton Institute of Politics, and earned a Juris Doctor from Seton Hall University.

Counsel
A counsel or a counsellor at law is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in legal matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of lawyer.

The word counsel can also mean advice given outside of the context of the legal profession.
Huacaypaca
Huacaypaca (possibly from Quechua waqay, to cry, crying, paka eagle) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru, 5,365 metres (17,602 ft) high. It lies in the Lima Region, Huarochiri Province, in the north of the Tantaranche District. Huacaypaca is situated northeast of a lake named Chumpicocha.
Huacaypaca lies south-west of the mountains Wisk'achani and Huapalco, north-west of Chumpicocha, and southeast of the mountain Yana Kunka. It is southwest of Punta Sur (Southeast Point) and southeast of the Cerro Coqueña massif. Huacaypaca is also the name of the neighboring lake east of the mountain.

Huacaypaca receives about 2,900 millimetres (113 in) of precipitation during a year. The average temperature is 15 °C (59 °F).

Huarochirí province
Huarochirí (Quechua: Waruchiri) is a province of the department of Lima, Peru. From the administrative point of view of the Catholic Church in Peru, it forms part of the Territorial Prelature of Yauyos. Its capital is Matucana. The western section is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area.
The Dinner (2013 film)
The Dinner (Dutch: Het Diner) is a 2013 Dutch drama film written for the screen and directed by Menno Meyjes, based on the 2009 novel of the same name by Herman Koch.

The film premiered in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2013 and was released in the Netherlands on 7 November.

Daan Schuurmans
Daniël Adrianus Augustinus "Daan" Schuurmans (born 24 January 1972) is a Dutch actor.
He is married to Dutch actress Bracha van Doesburgh and they have a daughter named Sophia and twins sons named Kees and Boris.
No Man's Land (2001 film)
No Man's Land (Serbo-Croatian: Ničija zemlja, Ничија земља) is a 2001 war film that is set in the midst of the Bosnian War. The film is a parable and marks the debut of Bosnian writer and director Danis Tanović. It is a co-production among companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Italy, France, Belgium, and the United Kingdom. The film first premiered on 19 September 2001 in France. It later won an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in 2002.

Bosnians
Bosnians (Bosnian: Bosanci / Босанци; sg. masc. Bosanac / Босанац, fem. Bosanka / Босанкаcode: bos promoted to code: bs ) are people native to the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially the region of Bosnia. The term is used regardless of ethnic or cultural affiliation. The term Bosnian refers to all inhabitants/citizens of the country, though people from the region of Herzegovina may prefer the demonym Herzegovinian. The term can also be used as a designation for anyone who is descended from Bosnia.

Bosnian as a demonym is a nationality and does not imply any specific ethnic group. The term should not be confused with the ethnonym Bosniak, which refers to the largest ethnic group in the country. The native ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats.