hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guttorm Gunnhildsson
Guttorm Gunnhildsson was a Norwegian Viking who was active in the Irish Sea region in the eleventh century. He appears as a historical personage in Heimskringla, where it is mentioned that Guttorm, Finn Arnesson and jarl Håkon Ivarsson organized expeditions towards the west. Guttorm became the friend of the king of Dublin Echmarcach mac Ragnaill with whom he took part in some Viking raids towards the south. During the attacks in Wales he quarreled with Echmarcach over the plunder and began hostilities against his former ally Echmarcach by the distribution of the booty among his own men and then commenced a sea battle in Menai Strait consisting of a force of sixteen boats of Echmarcach against five of Guttorm. Guttorm won the battle after praying to Saint Olaf and promising to him a tenth part of the booty; Echmarcach died during the combat in 1052.

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.
Supermale (novel)
Supermale (French: Le Surmâle, roman moderne) is a 1902 novel by French author Alfred Jarry. Its irreverent, darkly-humorous storyline contains elements of science fiction. The novel, Jarry's last, revolves around a race between a train and a team of cyclists fuelled by perpetual-motion food and the exploits of a "supermale" capable of prodigious feats of endurance and sexual athleticism. Supermale was translated into English by Barbara Wright in 1968.

Perpetual motion
Perpetual motion is the motion of bodies that continues forever in an unperturbed system. A perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical machine that can do work indefinitely without an external energy source. This kind of machine is impossible, since its existence would violate the first and/or second laws of thermodynamics. These laws of thermodynamics apply regardless of the size of the system. Thus, machines that extract energy from finite sources cannot operate indefinitely because they are driven by the energy stored in the source, which will eventually be exhausted. A common example is devices powered by ocean currents, whose energy is ultimately derived from the Sun, which itself will eventually burn out.
Nag's Head Fable
The Nag's Head Fable was a fiction which purported that Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury under Elizabeth I, was consecrated with a Bible pressed to his neck in the Nag's Head tavern in Cheapside. The story surfaced more than 40 years after Parker's consecration and was spread by some Roman Catholics as fact until the dawn of the 20th century.

John Scory
John Scory (died 1585) was an English Dominican friar who later became a bishop in the Church of England.

He was Bishop of Rochester from 1551 to 1552, and then translated to Bishop of Chichester from 1552 to 1553. He was deprived of this position on Queen Mary's accession, but returned to the Anglican episcopate under Elizabeth's reign as Bishop of Hereford from 1559 to 1585.

He participated in the Westminster Disputation of 1559.
Hawaiian Cottage
The Hawaiian Cottage (or simply The Cottage) was a Polynesian style restaurant in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, United States. It opened in 1938, on Cherry Hill's western side, on Route 38, nearby the Cherry Hill Mall (which later opened in 1961). The Cottage was established by Michael Egidi and Mary Egidi-Pietrafesa. Started as a roadhouse, the restaurant soon emerged into what was considered a South Jersey landmark.  The restaurant's exterior was known for its vivid yellow, pineapple-shaped dome, burning Polynesian torches at the entrance, and a Hawaiian atmosphere that included a luau show. After Mr. Egidi's death in a car accident in the early 1940s, Mrs. Egidi continued to operate the business. Her second husband, John Muresan, helped with the restaurant's growth. On July 1, 1978, the restaurant was destroyed by a fire.

Both John and Mary Muresan died in 1997.

Torch
A torch is a stick with combustible material at one end which can be used as a light source or to set something on fire. Torches have been used throughout history and are still used in processions, symbolic and religious events, and in juggling and entertainment. In some countries, notably the United Kingdom and Australia, "torch" in modern usage is also the term for a battery-operated portable light.
Iraqi Armenians
Iraqi Armenians (Arabic: أرمنيون عراقيون ’Armanion Iraqion; Armenian: իրաքահայեր irakahayer) are Iraqi citizens and residents of Armenian ethnicity. Many Armenians settled in Iraq after fleeing the 1915 Armenian genocide. It is estimated that there are 10,000–20,000 Armenians living in Iraq, with communities in Baghdad, Mosul, Basra, Kirkuk, Baqubah, Dohuk, Zakho and Avzrog.

Duhok
Duhok (Kurdish: دهۆک, romanized: Dihok; Arabic: دهوك, romanized: Dohūk; Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ, romanized: Beth Nohadra, Lishanid Noshan: דוהוך, romanized: Dohok) is a city in Kurdistan Region, Iraq and the capital city of Duhok Governorate.
Asker Aliens
Asker Aliens is a professional basketball club from Asker, Norway. The club plays in the BLNO, the top tier basketball league in Norway.

The club was founded as Asker Basketball Club in 1963 and then merged with Torstad Basketballklubb in 1993.

Asker Municipality (1838–2020)
Asker (Norwegian: Asker), also called Asker proper (Askerbygda or gamle Asker in Norwegian), is a district and former municipality in Akershus, Norway, located approximately 20km southwest of Oslo. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker (also known as Greater Asker) together with the traditional Buskerud districts Røyken and Hurum; Asker constitutes the northern fourth and is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative center was the town of Asker, which remains so for the new larger municipality. Asker was established as a parish in the Middle Ages and as a municipality on 1 January 1838.
Gapado
Gapado (Korean: 가파도; Hanja: 加波島) is a small island 2.2 kilometers (1.4 mi) south of Jeju Island in South Korea. It is administered under Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo, Jeju Province. It has an area of 0.84 km2 (0.32 sq mi) and a coastline length of 4.2 km (2.6 mi). It first became regularly inhabited by humans in 1842. Haenyeo, female divers of Jeju, go diving off the island's coasts.

A ferry runs between the island and Moseulpo Port on Jeju twice daily.

The island is the location where the Dutch mariner Hendrick Hamel first became stranded in Korea in the 17th century. The island has a monument to Hamel.

Seogwipo
Seogwipo (Korean: 서귀포; Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ɡwi.pʰo]) is a resort city and the second-largest city on Jeju Island, settled on a rocky volcanic coastline in the southern part of the Jeju Province in South Korea. It is one of two cities on the island. In July 2006, Seogwipo's boundaries were expanded to include the entire southern half of Jeju island. As of 2024, it has a population of 180,909.

It has an UNESCO World Heritage Site was a host of the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
Chanakyan
Chanakyan is a 1989 Indian Malayalam-language thriller film produced by Navodaya Appachan under Navodaya Studio and directed by T. K. Rajeev Kumar in his directorial debut. Starring Kamal Haasan, Urmila Matondkar, Jayaram, Madhu, and Thilakan, the film was a critical and commercial success.

T. K. Rajeev Kumar
Thazhathupurakkal Karunakara Panicker Rajeev Kumar (born 20 September 1961) is a National Award-winning Indian director of Malayalam films, from Trivandrum. He is the winner of five Kerala State Film Awards for Best Film, Director, Story Writer & Script Writer, a show director, theatre actor and percussionist (Mridangam). He is a founding member and leader of the musical band Blue Birds in 1978-79 and Super Mimics, a comedy show in 1979. He is also the Kerala University winner of Mono Act in the University Youth Festivals 1980–1982 and Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy winner for Mono Act 1979–1982.
Azhar Usman
Azhar Muhammad Usman (born December 23, 1975) is an American comedian, actor, screenwriter, and producer of Indian descent. He is a former lecturer, community activist and lawyer and has been referred to as the "Ayatollah of Comedy" and "Bin Laughin". He is best known as one third of comedy trio Allah Made Me Funny. In December 2020, Marvel Studios announced that Usman had joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe, agreeing to play Najaf on the cast of the studio's Ms. Marvel original streaming series for Disney+.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
1963 (song)
"1963" (sometimes stylized as "Nineteen63") is a track by English rock group New Order. It was originally released as a B-side to "True Faith" in 1987 and appeared on the Substance compilation of the same year. It was then released as a single in January 1995, in a radio mix by Arthur Baker.

"1963"'s B-sides are all remixes of the title track or songs previously released.

Arthur Baker (producer)
Arthur Baker (born April 22, 1955) is an American record producer and DJ best known for his work with hip-hop artists like Afrika Bambaataa and Planet Patrol, as well as British band New Order. He is also known for remixing the Jill Jones song "Mia Bocca" on the 12" single, taken from her self-titled debut album Jill Jones (1987), released on Prince's Paisley Park Records, as well as remixing the Pet Shop Boys song, "In the Night". His remix of the song was used as the main theme for the BBC TV programme The Clothes Show between 1986 and 1994. He also remixed the "Massive Jungle Mix" for Tina Turner's UK top 40 single "Whatever You Want" (co-written by himself, Taylor Dayne and Fred Zarr). Arthur Baker's songs are represented by Downtown Music Publishing.
Kapp Linné
Kapp Linné is a cape at the south side of the outlet of Isfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after botanist Carl von Linné. The site is the location of Isfjord Radio. Parts of Kapp Linné is a birdlife protected area.

Cape (geography)
In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. A cape usually represents a marked change in trend of the coastline, often making them important landmarks in sea navigation. This also makes them prone to natural forms of erosion, mainly tidal actions, resulting in a relatively short geological lifespan.
Kings Bay Affair
The Kings Bay Affair (Kings Bay-saken) was a political issue in Norway that reached its apex in 1963 and brought down the government of Einar Gerhardsen and formed the basis for non-socialist coalition politics in Norway that persisted to the end of the 20th century. The affair was a dramatic episode in Norwegian history that portended the end of the Gerhardsen dynasty and the emergence of a more articulate and coherent political alternative in the non-socialist camp. It is also credited with galvanizing the radical socialist wing of Norwegian politics in time for the EU debate nine years later.

Norway–European Union relations
Norway is not a member state of the European Union (EU). It is associated with the Union through its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), signed in 1992 and established in 1994. Norway was a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960, which was originally set up as an alternative to the European Economic Community (EEC), the main predecessor of the EU. Norway had considered joining both the EEC and the European Union, but opted to decline following referendums in 1972 and 1994. According to the European Social Survey conducted in 2018, 73.6% of Norwegians would vote 'No' in a referendum to join the European Union. Norway shares land borders with two EU member states, namely Finland and Sweden, and maritime borders with a third, Denmark.
Drosera zigzagia
Drosera zigzagia is an erect perennial tuberous species in the carnivorous plant genus Drosera. It is endemic to Western Australia and is found on the margins of salt lakes in brown sandy loam, often associated with D. salina, Stylidium insensitivum, S. pulviniforme, Levenhookia leptantha, and Frankenia species. Drosera zigzagia produces small, solitary carnivorous leaves that alternate along a zigzag stem, which can be 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) high. Yellow flowers are borne on 4–9-flowered inflorescences that bloom from August to September.

Drosera zigzagia was first described by Allen Lowrie in 1999.

Allen Lowrie
Allen Lowrie (10 October 1948 - 30 August 2021) was a Western Australian botanist. He was recognised for his expertise on the genera Drosera and Stylidium.

Lowrie, originally a businessman and inventor, first experienced the carnivorous flora of Western Australia in the late sixties and studied it as an amateur. Over time, his hobby turned into a profession and Lowrie discovered and described numerous species (especially Drosera, Byblis and Utricularia), partly together with Neville Marchant. From 1987 to 1998 he published Carnivorous Plants of Australia in three volumes. A completely revised second edition, entitled Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus was published in 2014.

The standard author abbreviation Lowrie is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Treynor dealer model
The Treynor dealer model, developed by Jack L. Treynor in a 1987 CFA Institute publication "The Economics of the Dealer Function" describes the role of the broker-dealer in providing market liquidity through exchanges with a value-based transactor (VBT) for securities.

According to Treynor, both VBTs and security dealers can provide market liquidity while profiting from a bid–ask spread, but a VBT's value-based pricing spread, the ‘outside spread’ is much larger than the dealer's, ‘inside spread’ owing to differences in the two market makers’ motivations and risk tolerances due to disparities in available capital and desired length of time to hold a security.

Jack L. Treynor
Jack Lawrence Treynor (February 21, 1930 – May 11, 2016) was an American economist who served as the President of Treynor Capital Management in Palos Verdes Estates, California.  He was a Senior Editor and Advisory Board member of the Journal of Investment Management, and was a Senior Fellow of the Institute for Quantitative Research in Finance.  He served for many years as the editor of the CFA Institute's Financial Analysts Journal.
Schiessrothried
Schiessrothried is a small lake, also known as Lac de Schiessrothried, in the Alsatian side of the Vosges, of glacial origin. It is located at an elevation of 926 m, its surface area is 0.056 km².

Its waters eventually join the Fecht (a local river) via a small tributary, the Wormsabachrunz, which empties into Lac de Fischboedle, which is nearby. It is located near the foot of Hohneck and near the Kastelberg, in the Wormsa Valley. It was originally a bog and only became a lake after a small barrage was built, making many believe that it is of natural origin.

The purpose of the dam was to regulate the flow of water to the textile mills and sawmills in the Munster valley, most of which were supplied with electricity independently.

The lake is a popular tourist destination and can be reached by car from Muhlbach-sur-Munster via a small mountain road (a side road of the D310).

The lake is surrounded by many hiking trails marked out by the Club Vosgien.

Munster, Haut-Rhin
Munster (French pronunciation: [mœ̃stɛʁ] ⓘ; German: Münster im Elsass) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It is located in the valley of the river Fecht, in the Vosges mountains about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) west of Colmar on the D417 road to the Col de la Schlucht and Épinal.

The site of a 7th-century abbey or monastery, which gave the place its name, it is famous for its cheese (the Munster cheese).
2017 Bauer Watertechnology Cup – Doubles
Kevin Krawietz and Albano Olivetti were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Aliaksandr Bury and Andreas Siljeström.

Sander Arends and Roman Jebavý won the title after defeating Ken and Neal Skupski 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Sander Arends
Sander Arends (born 9 August 1991) is a Dutch professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 23, achieved on 21 July 2025. Arends has won four doubles ATP Tour titles, one with David Pel and three with Luke Johnson. He has also won 31 doubles titles on the ATP Challenger Tour and 11 titles on the lower level ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
John C. Bailar Jr.
John Christian Bailar Jr. (May 27, 1904 – October 17, 1991) was a professor of inorganic chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He received his B.A. at the University of Colorado and his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan. His father was a member of the chemistry staff of the Colorado School of Mines.

At the University of Illinois, he developed an active research program on coordination chemistry. He is referred to as the “Father of Coordination Chemistry in the United States,” as prior to his time, this area of chemistry received little attention in the U.S. The Bailar twist in coordination compounds is named after him. He helped found the book series Inorganic Syntheses and the journal Inorganic Chemistry. His work was widely recognized culminating in the award of the Priestley Medal from the American Chemical Society, an organization of which he was also president.

Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.
Tuohetaerbieke Tanglatihan
Tuohetaerbieke Tanglatihan (Chinese: 托合塔尔别克·唐拉提汗, Kazakh: Тоқтарбек Таңатқан, romanized: Toqtarbek Tañatqan; born 18 November 1996)  is a Chinese boxer. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the men's middleweight event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Tanglatihan was born to Kazakh parents.

Boxing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 80 kg
The men's 80 kg (middleweight) boxing event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place between 27 July and 7 August 2024. Preliminary boxing matches occurred at Arena Paris Nord in Villepinte, with the medal rounds (semifinals and finals) staged at Stade Roland Garros.
Opare
Opare is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Opare (born 1990), Ghanaian footballer

Frederick Opare-Ansah (born 1968), Ghanaian electrical engineer and politician

Frema Opare (born 1947), Ghanaian academic, economist and politician, Chief of Staff of Ghana

George Opare-Addo (born 1981), Ghanaian Lawyer and politician

Jessica Opare-Saforo (born 1981), Ghanaian media personality

Kofi Opare (born 1990), Ghanaian footballer

Kwadwo Opare-Hammond (fl. 2004–2019), Ghanaian politician

Magnus Opare-Asamoah (born 1948), Ghanaian politician

Kwadwo Opare-Hammond
Kwadwo Opare-Hammond  was a Ghanaian politician. He was the Member of Parliament representing the Adenta constituency of the Greater Accra Region in the 4th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana. He was a member of the New Patriotic Party.
Wayne Ryding
Wayne Ryding is an English Paralympic swimmer, who was born in  Wigan and initially competed for Australia. At the 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville Paralympics, he won a gold medal in the Men's 100 m Freestyle 5 event, in which he set a new world record, and a silver medal in the Men's 400 m Freestyle 5 event. At the 1988 Seoul Paralympics, he won a bronze medal in the Men's 400 m Freestyle 5 event. He then married an Englishwoman and moved to England. He represented England at the 1994 Victoria Commonwealth Games, and represented Great Britain at both the 1996 Atlanta and 2000 Sydney Paralympics; he won a bronze medal at the 2000 games in the Men's 100 m Breaststroke SB6 event.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
History of Northumberland
Northumberland, England's northernmost county, is a land where Roman occupiers once guarded a walled frontier, Anglian invaders fought with Celtic natives, and Norman lords built castles to suppress rebellion and defend a contested border with Scotland.  The present-day county is a vestige of an independent kingdom that once stretched from Edinburgh to the Humber, hence its name, meaning literally 'north of the Humber'. Reflecting its tumultuous past, Northumberland has more castles than any other county in England, and the greatest number of recognised battle sites. Once an economically important region that supplied much of the coal that powered the industrial revolution, Northumberland is now a primarily rural county with a small and gradually shrinking population.

Alnwick
Alnwick (/ˈænɪk/ ⓘ AN-ik) is a market town in Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town. The population at the 2021 Census was 8,430.

The town is 32 miles (51 km) south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Scottish border, 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea at Alnmouth and 34 miles (55 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne; it is sited on the south bank of the River Aln.

The town dates to about AD 600 and thrived as an agricultural centre. Alnwick Castle was the home of the most powerful medieval northern baronial family, the Earls of Northumberland. It was a staging post on the Great North Road between Edinburgh and London.