hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ATC code A10
ATC code A10 Drugs used in diabetes is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup A10 is part of the anatomical group A Alimentary tract and metabolism.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QA10. National versions of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

Repaglinide
Repaglinide is an antidiabetic drug in the class of medications known as meglitinides, and was invented in 1983. Repaglinide is a medication used in addition to diet and exercise for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of action of repaglinide involves promoting insulin release from β-islet cells of the pancreas; like other antidiabetic drugs, a main side effect concern is hypoglycemia. It is sold by Novo Nordisk under the name of Prandin in the United States, Gluconorm in Canada, Surepost in Japan, Repaglinide in Egypt, and Novonorm elsewhere.  In Japan it is produced by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma.
Cape Medical Museum
The Cape Medical Museum is situated in the Old City Hospital Complex in Green Point, Cape Town, South Africa. Its exhibitions center around the medical history of the Cape and includes exhibitions on dentistry, hospital care, traditional African medicine and pharmaceutical developments. It was founded by a group of volunteers in the 1980s led by Prof J C De Villiers. Since its conception it was proclaimed as a Provincial Museum of the government of the Western Cape province.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
Jalava
Jalava is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Oskari Jalava (1876–1950), Finnish plater and politician

Hugo Jalava (1874–1950), Finnish train driver

Pertti Jalava (born 1960), Finnish composer

Petri Jalava (born 1976), Finnish footballer

Reijo Jalava

Randy T. Jalava (Born 1965), Canadian independent music artist

Hugo Jalava
Hugo Erikovich Jalava (3 February 1874 in Saint Petersburg – 28 April 1950 in Petrozavodsk) was a train driver and carried out administrative tasks in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). He is known for his role in the Russian Revolution, when he helped Lenin flee Finland in July 1917 and then return to Saint Petersburg shortly before the October Revolution.
Naini Doon Jan Shatabdi Express
The 12091 / 12092 Kathgodam–Dehradun Naini Doon Jan Shatabdi Express is a Superfast Express train of the Jan Shatabdi Express series belonging to Indian Railways – North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Kathgodam and Dehradun in India.

It operates as train number 12092 from Kathgodam to Dehradun and as train number 12091 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

It is among the latest trains introduced in the Jan Shatabdi Express series which were originally started by the then railway minister of India Mr. Nitish Kumar during the 2002–03 railway budget

Dehradun railway station
Dehradun Terminal railway station is a railway station in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, on the Northern line of the Northern Railway network. It is owned by Indian Railways.

It was established in 1899 by the British.

The station is the Inter State Bus Terminal (ISBT), which is 4+1⁄2 kilometres (2+3⁄4 mi) from the bus stand and the main taxi stand.

The nearest airport to the station is the Jolly Grant Airport, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the station.

It is the last station on the Northern railway line in the area.
Radoslava Mavrodieva
Radoslava Mavrodieva-Yankova (Bulgarian: Радослава Мавродиева-Янкова) (born 13 March 1987, in Sliven) is a Bulgarian athlete specialising in the shot put. She represented her country at the 2012 Summer Olympics failing to get a legal mark in the qualification. She won her first major medal, a bronze, at the 2015 European Indoor Championships.

She has personal bests of 18.95 metres outdoors (Stara Zagora 2018) and 19.12 metres indoors (Glasgow 2019).

Her younger sister, Zheniam, is also a shot putter.

Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The athletics competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held during the last 10 days of the Games, on 3–12 August. Track and field events took place at the Olympic Stadium in east London. The road events, however, started and finished on The Mall in central London.

Over 2,000 athletes from 201 nations competed in 47 events in total, with both men and women having a very similar schedule of events. Men competed in 24 events and women in 23, of which 21 were the same for both. The women's schedule lacked the 50 km race walk and included 100 m hurdles and heptathlon as opposed to the men's 110 m hurdles and decathlon. The youngest participant in the athletics competition was Andorran 15-year-old Cristina Llovera while the oldest was 46-year-old Ukrainian Oleksandr Dryhol. South African Oscar Pistorius became the first amputee sprinter to compete at the Olympics.
Claire Johnston (musician)
Claire Johnston (born 16 December 1967) is an Anglo-South African singer and songwriter. She is the lead singer of the South African fusion band Mango Groove.

Born in the South of England, Johnston has lived in South Africa since the age of three. She joined Mango Groove at age 17, and has since recorded six studio albums with the band, toured extensively, and released two solo albums. She has come to be recognised as a symbol of the Rainbow Nation, Desmond Tutu's vision of a multicultural South Africa in the post-apartheid era.

Among her musical influences she lists Ella Fitzgerald and Debbie Harry, as well as Louis Armstrong and the crooners of the mid-20th century.

Crooner
A crooner is a singer who performs with a smooth, intimate style that originated in the 1920s. The crooning style was made possible by improved microphones that picked up quieter sounds and a wider range of frequencies than before, allowing the singer to access a greater dynamic range and exploit the proximity effect. This suggestion of intimacy was supposedly wildly attractive to women, especially a youth subculture known at the time as "bobby soxers". The crooning style developed among singers who performed with big bands and reached its height in the 1940s to late 1960s.

Crooning is epitomized by vocalists of the era such as Al Bowlly, Bing Crosby, Rudy Vallee and Frank Sinatra, although Sinatra did not consider himself or Crosby to be "crooners". Other performers, such as Russ Columbo, also rejected the term.
Bucketty
Bucketty is a locality in the City of Cessnock local government area (LGA), in New South Wales, Australia. It is in the south of the LGA, immediately adjacent to the border with the City of Hawkesbury and Central Coast Council, in the Hunter Region, about 105 km (65 mi) north of Sydney, and 55 km (34 mi) from Cessnock, New South Wales, the council seat. Bucketty is presumably the Aboriginal word for mountain spring.

Bucketty is situated on a ridge of ironstone hills separating Yengo National Park from the Central Coast.

Bucketty has no services and the nearest general stores are located in Laguna and Kulnura. The New South Wales Rural Fire Service maintains the Bucketty & District Rural Fire Brigade and the Fire Shed is the social centre of the town. When rural addressing was introduced, the numbering was based on the distance from Broke, and some of the streets were also given names.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.
Canada 2c Large Queen on laid paper
The 2¢ Large Queen on laid paper is the rarest postage stamp of Canada. Printed in 1868, it was not discovered until 1925, and so far only three have been found, all used. Many more could exist as at least one sheet must have been printed, and possibly many sheets; however, they may all have been destroyed, or lie unrecognised in stamp collections or on cover.

Cover (philately)
In philately, the term cover pertains to the outside of an envelope or package with an address, typically with postage stamps that have been cancelled and is a term generally used among stamp and postal history collectors. The term does not include the contents of the letter or package, although they may add interest to the item if still present. Cover collecting plays an important role in postal history as many covers bear stamps, postmarks and other markings along with names and addresses all of which help to place a cover at a given time and place in history.
Turf maze
Historically, a turf maze is a labyrinth made by cutting a convoluted path into a level area of short grass, turf or lawn. Some had names such as Mizmaze, Troy Town, The Walls of Troy, Julian's Bower, or Shepherd's Race. This is the type of maze referred to by William Shakespeare in A Midsummer Night's Dream (Act 2, Scene 2) when Titania says:

The nine men's morris is fill'd up with mud;
and the quaint mazes in the wanton green,
for lack of tread are undistinguishable.

In some turf labyrinths, the groove cut in the turf is the path to be walked (sometimes marked with bricks or gravel); more commonly the turf itself forms the raised path which is marked out by shallow channels excavated between its twists and turns.

Most British examples are based on one of two layouts: the Classical or the later, more complex Medieval type which is derived from it.

Nine men's morris
Nine men's morris is a strategy board game for two players, dating back to at least the Roman Empire. The game is also known as nine-man morris, mill, mills, the mill game, merels, merrills, merelles, marelles, morelles, and ninepenny marl in English. In North America, the game has also been called cowboy checkers, and its board is sometimes printed on the back of checkerboards. Nine men's morris is a solved game, that is, a game whose optimal strategy has been calculated. It has been shown that with perfect play from both players, the game results in a draw.

The classical Latin term mareculus is the diminutive of 'man', the ecclesiastical Latin word merellus means 'gamepiece', which may have been corrupted in English to 'morris', while miles is Latin for soldier.

Three main alternative variations of the game are three, six, and twelve men's morris.
Moshe Maimon
Moshe Maimon (also Moses Lvovich Maimon; Russian: Моисей Львович Маймон; 1860–1924) was a Jewish - Russian painter who was born in the Augustów Governorate, then part of the Russian Empire (present-day  Lithuania). He was among the first known artists within the Jewish community of Russia. He was also the grandson of the Talmudist Alexander Ziskind Maimon.

History of the Jews in Russia
The history of the Jews in Russia goes back to the beginnings of the Russian state. At one time, the Russian Empire hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories, the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, and they also faced periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecution, including violent pogroms.

Many analysts have documented a "renaissance" in the Jewish community inside Russia since the beginning of the 21st century; however, the Russian Jewish population has experienced precipitous decline since the dissolution of the USSR which continues to this day, although it is still among the largest in Europe.
Natascia Leonardi Cortesi
Natascia Leonardi Cortesi (born 1 May 1971) is a Swiss cross-country skier and ski mountaineer who has competed since 1988 in the World Cup circuit. She won a bronze medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City and had her best individual finish with a tenth place in the 30 km event at those same games. This was the first Olympic medal ever for a Swiss woman in cross-country skiing. Leonardi Cortesi's best score at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was a fifth place in the 4 × 5 km relay in 1999.

In Ski mountaineering, she won 2005 the Trofeo Mezzalama with Gloriana Pellisier and Christiane Nex. 2006 she was vertical race world champion.

At the Worldloppet she won three times her home-race, the Engadin Skimarathon in 2003, 2005 and 2006. She was the first Swiss woman to win the Kangaroo Hoppet 2006 in Australia and 2011 the Transjurassienne in France.

2006 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering
The 2006 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering (Italian: Campionato del Mondo di Scialpinismo 2006) was the third World Championship of Ski Mountaineering sanctioned by the International Council for Ski Mountaineering Competitions (ISMC), held in the Italian Province of Cuneo from February 27 to March 4, 2006.

The participating athletes were from 33 nations. Because the relay event for the "Senior" athletes had to be canceled to bad snow conditions, there was consequently no combined ranking.
Cancer vaccine targeting CD4+ T cells
Cancer vaccine targeting CD4+ T cells is a type of vaccine used to treat existing cancer. Cancerous cells usually cannot be recognized by the human immune system, and therefore cannot be destroyed. Some researchers state that cancer can be treated by increasing the response of T cells, especially CD4+ T cells, to cancerous cells through cancer vaccine injection.

Adjuvant
In pharmacology, an adjuvant is a drug or other substance, or a combination of substances, that is used to increase the efficacy or potency of certain drugs. Specifically, the term can refer to:

Adjuvant therapy in cancer management

Analgesic adjuvant in pain management

Immunologic adjuvant in vaccines
NGC 3290
NGC 3290 (also known as Arp 53) is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hydra. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 10,937 ± 27 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 161 ± 11 Mpc (~525 million ly). NGC 3290 was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth in 1886.

NGC 3290 is cataloged in the Arp catalog as Arp 53. Halton Arp divided his catalog of unusual galaxies into groups based on purely morphological criteria. This galaxy belongs to the class of spiral galaxies with a small, high-surface-brightness companion on one arm.

The luminosity class of NGC 3280 is II-III and it has a broad HI line. It also contains regions of ionized hydrogen. Moreover, NGC 3290 has an apparent magnitude of 13.5.

Francis Preserved Leavenworth
Francis Preserved Leavenworth (September 3, 1858 in Mount Vernon, Indiana – November 12, 1928; a.k.a. Frank Leavenworth) was an American astronomer.  He discovered many New General Catalogue objects together with Frank Muller and Ormond Stone. They used a telescope with a 66-cm aperture at the Leander McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. He later became Professor of Astronomy at the University of Minnesota in 1892 and was given the title Professor Emeritus when he retired 35 years later.

He became a member of the Camden Astronomical Society shortly after its founding in 1888.

In 1909 he joined Frederick C. Leonard's Society for Practical Astronomy.
Siege of Dijon
The siege of Dijon between 8 and 13 September 1513 was a successful campaign of the Swiss army against the French city of Dijon during the War of the League of Cambrai.

After the French had lost the Battle of Novara, several contingents of Swiss mercenaries followed the French withdrawal to Dijon. After a few days of siege, the city had to surrender. In the peace-treaty all the demands of the Swiss were met: the renunciation of France on Milan, Cremona and Asti as well as a war indemnity of 400,000 crowns.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
ILPAP
I.L.P.A.P. (Greek: Ηλεκτροκίνητα Λεωφορεία Περιοχής Αθηνών – Πειραιώς Η.Λ.Π.Α.Π. - Electric Buses of Athens & Piraeus Area) was a public Greek company, part of the Athens Urban Transport Organisation, responsible for the operation of the trolleybuses network. ILPAP was founded on December 14, 1970, and since 1998 the company was owned by the Athens Urban Transport Organisation (Organismos Astikon Syngoinonion Athinon - OASA, Greek: Οργανισμός Αστικών Συγκοινωνιών Αθηνών - Ο.Α.Σ.Α.), a public company.

Nea Filadelfeia
Nea Filadelfeia (Greek: Νέα Φιλαδέλφεια, meaning New Philadelphia) is a suburban town in the Athens agglomeration, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it has been part of Nea Filadelfeia-Nea Chalkidona municipality of Central Athens regional unit, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 2.850 km2. It was named after the Anatolian city Filadelfeia, now Alaşehir in Turkey, and it was settled by Greek refugees from Asia Minor after the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922).
Olga Landik
Olga Eduardovna Landik (Russian: Ольга Эдуардовна Ландик; born 2 January 1980) is a retired Russian breaststroke swimmer who won a silver medal in the 4×100 m medley relay at the 1997 European Aquatics Championships. She also competed in the 100 m breaststroke at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Landik started swimming in a club since 1987, and in 1994 won a gold medal at the Junior European Championships. During her career she won 10 national senior titles. After retirement, she worked as a swimming coach (1998–2000) and then as a stylist. In 2003, she graduated with honors from a Sports Academy and later enrolled to the Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University.

1997 European Aquatics Championships
The 1997 LEN European Aquatics Championships were held in Seville, Spain from Tuesday 19 August to Sunday 24 August, in the 50 m pool of the Centro Deportivo San Pablo. The 23rd edition of the event was organised by the LEN. Besides swimming there were titles contested in open water swimming, diving, synchronized swimming (women) and – for the last time – water polo.

The swimming championships resulted in two European records: Ágnes Kovács on the women's 200 m breaststroke and Russia in the men's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay. Alexander Popov returned in competition after being stabbed down in Moscow, shortly after the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.
Rajaudha
Rajaudha, also spelled as Rajodha, is a village in Porsa Tehsil, Morena District, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located near the state border with Uttar Pradesh, about 49 kilometres northeast of the district capital Morena, and 6 kilometres northeast of the tehsil capital Porsa. As of the year 2011, it has a population of 16,524.

Morena district
Morena district (Hindi pronunciation: [mʊɾɛːn̪aː]) is one of the 53 districts of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in the Chambal division.Morena District is located in the Chambal division of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Nordic Business Forum
Nordic Business Forum (NBF) is a Finnish company, based in Jyväskylä. The company is best known for its eponymous business and leadership conference in Helsinki.

Nordic Business Forum is part of Nordic Business Group, which employs 31 people across Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Estonia. The current managing director is Priit Liiv. Nordic Business Forum is also a part of Business Forum Group which oversees the activities of Nordic Business Forum, Oslo Business Forum, and Amsterdam Business Forum.

The annual main event, Nordic Business Forum, gathers together over 7500 attendees from over 40 countries, 17.4% of the attendees being CEOs.

Patrick Lencioni
Patrick Lencioni (born c. 1965) is an American author of books on business management, particularly in relation to team management. He is best known as the author of The Five Dysfunctions of a Team, a popular business fable that explores work team dynamics and suggests methods to help teams perform better. He has also applied his management techniques to families in The Three Big Questions for a Frantic Family.
Prisoner of War (video game)
Prisoner of War is a 2002 third-person stealth video game developed by Wide Games and published by Codemasters. It follows the story of Captain Lewis Stone, a downed American pilot who must escape numerous prisoner of war camps and return home.

Codemasters
The Codemasters Software Company Limited (trade name: Codemasters) is a British video game developer and former publisher based in Southam. It is a subsidiary of American corporation Electronic Arts and managed under the EA Sports division. Founded by brothers Richard and David Darling in October 1986, Codemasters is one of the oldest British game studios, and in 2005 was named the best independent video game developer by magazine Develop. It formerly also published third-party games.

Codemasters Group Holdings plc was the holding company of Codemasters, which was publicly traded and owned Codemasters until being purchased by EA in 2021 for $1.2 billion.
Samuel Fallows
Samuel Fallows (December 13, 1835 – September 5, 1922) was an English American immigrant, minister, lecturer, and author. He was the 9th Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin and served as Presiding Bishop of the Reformed Episcopal Church for 30 years between 1877 and 1922.  During the American Civil War he served as a chaplain and later as an officer in the Union Army, receiving an honorary brevet to Brigadier General after the war.

English Americans
English Americans (also known as Anglo-Americans) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. According to the 2020 United States census, English Americans are the largest ethnic demographic in the United States with 46.6 million Americans self-identifying as having some English origins (many combined with another heritage) representing (19.8%) of the White American population. This includes 25,536,410 (12.5% of whites) identified as predominantly or "English alone".