hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stahleck Castle
Stahleck Castle (German: Burg Stahleck) is a 12th-century fortified castle in the Upper Middle Rhine Valley at Bacharach in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It stands on a crag approximately 160 metres (520 ft) above sea level on the left bank of the river at the mouth of the Steeg valley, approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Koblenz, and offers a commanding view of the Lorelei valley. Its name means "impregnable castle on a crag", from the Middle High German words stahel (steel) and ecke (here: crag). It has a water-filled partial moat, a rarity in Germany. Built on the orders of the Archbishop of Cologne, it was destroyed in the late 17th century but rebuilt in the 20th and is now a hostel.

Normalnull
Normalnull ("standard zero") or Normal-Null (short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked Meter über Normal-Null (“meters above standard zero”). Normalnull has been replaced by Normalhöhennull (NHN).
Juhaynah
The Juhaynah (/dʒʊˈhaɪnə, -ˈheɪ-/ juu-HY-nə, -⁠HAY-; Arabic: جهينة) are a nomad tribe of the Arabian Peninsula and the largest clan of Banu Quda'a. They are one of the most powerful Arabian tribes that rule important parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The clan remains prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia mostly in the region of Madinah and the cities of Yanbu, Umluj, Alshabaha, Tabuk, and Jeddah. They are also present in Jordan, among other regions, and Egypt. Additionally, in Sudan they are present in large numbers in the eastern region due to the migrations of Juhani tribes into Sudan during the 11th century, as attested by Ibn Khaldun. These include the Rufaa people, the Shukria clan, and the Kababish tribe. Moreover, the Baggara Arabs and Abbala in Darfur and Chad also claim a Juhani background, though there is some evidence that the Baggara Arabs and Abbala are from Banu Judham and not Juhaynah.

Rufa'a people
Rufa'a, also known as Rufa'a Al-Hayy (also spelled Rufa'a Al-Hoi and Rufa a al-Hoj), are an Arab tribe in Sudan located in Gezira. They speak Sudanese Arabic. The population of this group is estimated at 662,000 people. Most members from this ethnic group are Sunni Muslims.

Traditionally, Rufa'a al Hoi, were pastoral. Leaders were chosen based on heredity.

Rufaa al Hawa nomads had violent clashes with farmers after returning from Southern Sudan to Sennar State in 2016 and demanding resettlement.
Loathe Thy Neighbor
Loathe Thy Neighbor is a 2025 Canadian comedy drama film directed by Sergio Navarretta from a screenplay written by Christian Majewski. The film stars Lauren Holly and Brennan Clost.  The story focuses on a young man who inherits a farm, and runs into conflict with his neighbor.

Filming took place on a farm in Arran-Elderslie, Bruce County in 2023.

According to interviews with Clost and Holly, the film was conceived, written, cast, and shot in just seven weeks - a turnaround almost unheard of in the industry, where projects typically undergo months or even years of development before casting or production.

Loathe Thy Neighbor had an advance screening on August 25 in Owen Sound, and then received a full release on August 29, 2025.

Arran–Elderslie
The Municipality of Arran–Elderslie is a township in Bruce County in Western Ontario, Canada. The township is located at the headwaters of the Sauble River, and the Saugeen River forms the northwestern boundary.

The municipality was formed on January 1, 1999, through the amalgamation of Arran Township, Elderslie Township, Chesley Town, Tara Village, and Paisley Village.
Stigmella micromelis
Stigmella micromelis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Puplesis in 1985. It is known from the Russian Far East.

The larvae feed on Sorbus alnifolia. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Alniaria alnifolia
Alniaria alnifolia (syns. Sorbus alnifolia and Aria alnifolia), also called alder-leafed whitebeam, Korean whitebeam, or Korean mountain ash, Korean: 팥배나무; RR: Patbaenamu; MR: p'atpaenamu; lit. 'red bean pear tree' Chinese: 水榆花楸; pinyin: shui yu hua qiu; lit. 'water elm rowan', is a species of whitebeam native to eastern Asia in eastern and northern China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan.
Steamboat Pilot & Today
The Steamboat Pilot & Today is an American newspaper serving Routt County, Colorado, and owned by Swift Communications. It is a free tabloid published daily.

As of 2011, the Steamboat Pilot & Today has been named the top newspaper in its circulation class eight times in nine years by the Colorado Press Association.

Free newspaper
Free newspapers are distributed free of charge, often in central places in cities and towns, on public transport, with other newspapers, or separately door-to-door. The revenues of such newspapers are based on advertising. They are published at different levels of frequencies, such as daily, weekly or monthly.
You Hear Georgia
You Hear Georgia is the seventh studio album by American country rock band Blackberry Smoke, released on May 28, 2021, through 3 Legged Records, with distribution by Thirty Tigers. It was produced by Dave Cobb and includes contributions from Jamey Johnson and Warren Haynes. The album received positive reviews from critics and charted across Europe, the UK and the US.

Country rock
Country rock is a music genre that fuses rock and country. It was developed by rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records and country musicians who implemented rock flavor into country records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded records blending rock with country themes, vocal styles, and additional instrumentation, most characteristically pedal steel guitars. Country rock began in the late 60s with artists like the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, International Submarine Band, The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Byrds, Bob Dylan, Bob Seger and Poco, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Eagles, Grateful Dead, Gram Parsons and New Riders of the Purple Sage. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres, including The Band, the Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work, as well as playing a part in the development of Southern rock.
National best bid and offer
National Best Bid and Offer (NBBO) is a regulation by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission that requires brokers to execute customer trades at the best available (lowest) ask price when buying securities, and the best available (highest) bid price when selling securities, as governed by Regulation NMS.

For example, if the offer (or "ask") price for a stock is $25.00 for 100 shares of a stock on one exchange and $24.50 for 100 shares of the same stock on another exchange, and a broker has a customer who wishes to purchase 150 shares of the stock, then the broker is required to purchase all of the shares available at $24.50 on behalf of the customer before purchasing any of the shares available at $25.00. Additionally, if an order for 150 shares is sent directly to the first exchange, it is required under most circumstances to route the first 100 shares of the order to the other exchange, where the shares are available at a cheaper price.

Broker
A broker is a person or entity that arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller. This may be done for a commission when the deal is executed. A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. Neither role should be confused with that of an agent—one who acts on behalf of a principal party in a deal.
Ginirama
Ginirama is an Indian television drama in the Kannada language that premiered on the Colors Kannada channel on 17 August 2020. The show is official remake of Marathi serial Jeev Zala Yeda Pisa airing on Colors Marathi.

Jeev Zala Yedapisa
Jeev Zala Yedapisa (transl. Heart went crazy) is an Indian Marathi-language television series which aired on Colors Marathi. It premiered from 1 April 2019 and ended on 3 April 2021 by replacing Radha Prem Rangi Rangli. It is produced by Vinod Lavekar, directed by Nikhil Sheth and written by Chinmay Mandlekar under the banner of Potadi Entertainment.
Ethaline Hartge Cortelyou
Ethaline Hartge Cortelyou (26 November 1909 – 19 July 1997) was an American chemist and scientific technical writer and editor who worked on the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory ("Met Lab") and was one of 70 scientists to sign the 1945 Szilárd petition. She also was a strong advocate for female scientists, strongly criticizing unequal treatment of women by employers and arguing that underutilization of women was holding back the United States' scientific advancement.

Szilárd petition
The Szilárd petition, drafted and circulated in July 1945 by scientist Leo Szilard, was signed by 70 scientists working on the Manhattan Project in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and the Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago, Illinois.  It asked President Harry S. Truman to inform Japan of the terms of surrender demanded by the allies, and allow Japan to either accept or refuse these terms, before America used atomic weapons. However, the petition never made it through the chain of command to President Truman. It was not declassified and made public until 1961.

Later, in 1946, Szilárd jointly with Albert Einstein, created the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists that counted among its board, Linus Pauling (Nobel Peace Prize in 1962).
Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025
Belgium was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "Strobe Lights", written by Astrid Roelants, Billie Bentein, Seppe Herreman, and Willem Vanderstichele, and performed by Herreman himself under his stage name Red Sebastian. The Belgian participating broadcaster, Flemish Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT), organised the national final Eurosong 2025 in order to select its entry for the contest.

Belgium was drawn to compete in the first semi-final, which took place on 13 May 2025. Performing during the show in position 9, Belgium was not announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and therefore failed to qualify to compete in the final on 17 May. It was later revealed that Belgium placed 14th out of the 15 participating countries in the semi-final with 23 points.

Merel Baldé
Merel Baldé (born 10 February 1991), better known by the stage name Merol (stylized in all caps), is a Dutch singer and actress. She rose to fame with the release of the singles "Lekker met de meiden" and "Hou je bek en bef me", released in 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Andrew Porter (Civil War general)
Andrew Porter (July 10, 1820 – January 3, 1872) was an American army officer who was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was an important staff officer under George B. McClellan during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, serving as the Provost Marshal of the Army of the Potomac.

Provost marshal
Provost marshal is a title given to a person in charge of a group of Military Police (MP). The title originated with an older term for MPs, provosts, from the Old French prévost (Modern French prévôt). While a provost marshal is now usually a senior commissioned officer, they may be a person of any rank who commands any number of MPs; historically, the title was sometimes applied to civilian officials, especially under conditions of martial law, or when a military force had day-to-day responsibility for some or all aspects of civilian law enforcement (such as some British colonies). A provost marshal may also oversee security services, imprisonment, fire/emergency services and ambulances.
Douglas (motorcycles)
Douglas was a British motorcycle manufacturer from 1907 to 1957 based in Kingswood, Bristol, owned by the Douglas family, and especially known for its horizontally opposed twin cylinder engined motorcycles and as manufacturers of speedway machines. The company also built a range of cars between 1913 and 1922.

Kingswood, South Gloucestershire
Kingswood is a town and civil parish in the South Gloucestershire district of the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire, England. The town is in the Bristol Built-up Area, situated 3 miles (4.8 km) east-northeast of Bristol city centre. In 2023 it had a population of 48,474.

Broadly speaking, Kingswood spans the area from John Cabot Academy in the west to the A4174 ring road in the east. Some areas which are in close proximity to Kingswood, such as Two Mile Hill and St George East (both located within the City of Bristol) and parts of Hanham and Warmley Hill are often considered to be part of Kingswood by locals. The border between South Gloucestershire and the City of Bristol is situated at the western end of Kingswood's High Street, meaning that anything west of this point is no longer Kingswood civil parish, though locals often consider the shops and residential areas that fringe Two Mile Hill to be a continuation of Kingswood neighbourhood.
Gerald M. Moser
Gerald M. Moser GOIH (born January 3, 1915, in Leipzig, Germany – died March 2, 2005, in Pennsylvania, United States) was a German-American academic, philologist, literary scholar, emeritus professor, and author. His works were chiefly focused on lusophone African, Luso-Brazilian, and Spanish literature. He also had an interest in Romance languages, and Comparative literature and was among the first scholars in the world to teach and publish the literature of the five former Portuguese colonies in Africa. Moser served as an assistant professor of Spanish at Bridgewater College in Virginia from 1939 to 1941.

Bridgewater College
Bridgewater College is a private liberal-arts college in Bridgewater, Virginia. Established in 1880, Bridgewater College admitted both men and women from the time of its founding and was the first four-year liberal arts college in Virginia to do so.  Approximately 1,800 students are enrolled.
2024 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The Men's 2024 British Open was the men's edition of the 2024 British Open Squash Championships, which is a 2023–24 PSA World Tour event. The event took place at the Edgbaston Priory Club, Birmingham Repertory Theatre in Birmingham in England between 2 June and 9 June 2024.

Egypt's Mostafa Asal won the title for the first time, after defeating the title holder Ali Farag.

Mostafa Asal
Mostafa Asal  (Arabic: مُصْطَفَى عَسَل; born 9 May 2001) is an Egyptian professional squash player. He is a two-time World Team Champion, current World Champion and current top ranked male squash player. Mostafa is nicknamed "The Raging Bull" for his aggressive style of play.
Kampong Sungai Liang
Kampong Sungai Liang (Malay: Kampung Sungai Liang) is a village located in Belait District, Brunei, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the district's main town, Kuala Belait, and 20 kilometres from the oil town of Seria. With a population of 641 in 2021, it is part of the Mukim Liang area and plays an important role in both agriculture and industry. The village is known for its agricultural contributions, including significant crop production and local handicrafts that have garnered international attention. Additionally, the village's industrial park is a key driver of Brunei's economic diversification, hosting major petrochemical and fertiliser companies that help reduce the country’s reliance on oil and gas.

Kuala Belait
Kuala Belait (KB) or officially the Kuala Belait Town (Malay: Pekan Kuala Belait), is the administrative town of Belait District, Brunei. The population of the town proper was 4,544 in 2021. Kuala Belait is officially a municipal area (kawasan bandaran), as well as a settlement under the mukim of the same name. The town is located 85 kilometres (53 mi) west of the country's capital Bandar Seri Begawan, and 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Seria, the district's other town. It is also in the westernmost part of country, near the mouth of the Belait River.
6th California Infantry Regiment
The 6th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It spent its entire term of service in the western United States attached to the Department of the Pacific.

Department of the Pacific
The Department of the Pacific or Pacific Department was a major command (Department) of the United States Army from 1853 to 1858.  It replaced the Pacific Division, and was itself replaced by the Department of California and the Department of Oregon.
Riverside Girls High School
Riverside Girls High School is a secondary, public, day school for girls, located in Huntleys Point, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, Australia. It was founded in 1934, celebrating its 80th anniversary in 2014.

Riverside is divided into two groupings. The Junior section consists of the 7th to the 10th grades. The Senior section consists of 11th and 12th grade classes. The school's motto is "Facta Non Verba" meaning 'Deeds Not Words'.

Eleventh grade
Eleventh grade (also known as 11th Grade, Grade 11, or Junior year) is the eleventh year of formal or compulsory education. It is typically the second or third year of high school. Students in eleventh grade are usually 16-17 years of age.
Nesburt T. Ruggles House
The Nesburt T. Ruggles House is a historic house in rural Hempstead County, Arkansas.  It is a single story wood-frame structure, located southeast of the hamlet of Shover Springs, on the east side of Arkansas Highway 32.  It is a Plain Tradition structure with an American Craftsman-style hip roof, built in 1912-14 by Nesburt Ruggles, and is the best example of its style in the area.  The house is clad in novelty siding, and is roughly rectangular, with projecting hip roof sections on the sides.  A shed-roof porch stands in the right-side ell created by the front facade and the right projection.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It was delisted in 2025.

Shed roof
A shed roof, also known variously as a pent roof, lean-to roof, outshot, catslide, skillion roof (in Australia and New Zealand), and, rarely, a mono-pitched roof, is a single-pitched roof surface. This is in contrast to a dual- or multiple-pitched roof.
2003 Newfoundland and Labrador general election
The 2003 Newfoundland and Labrador general election was held on October 21, 2003, to elect the 48 members of the 45th General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador. The election was called on September 29 by Premier Roger Grimes of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador
The premier of Newfoundland and Labrador is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Since 1949, the premier's duties and office has been the successor to the ministerial position of the prime minister of the former Dominion of Newfoundland. Before 2001, the official title was Premier of Newfoundland.

The premier is appointed by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, as representative of the King in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador. They are usually the leader of the party that commands a majority in the House of Assembly. The word premier is derived from the French word of the same spelling, meaning "first"; and ultimately from the Latin word primarius, meaning "primary".

The current premier of Newfoundland and Labrador is Tony Wakeham, since October 29, 2025. He represents Stephenville-Port au Port in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly.
Minden, New Zealand
Minden is a rural community in the Western Bay of Plenty District and Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. The peak that the area is named after was named after the 1759 Battle of Minden in Prussia by a soldier stationed in Tauranga in 1866 after the Tauranga campaign.

The Minden Lookout on the corner of Minden and Junction roads provides views over Tauranga. In March 2023 the Minden Lookout was temporarily closed due to failure to meet health and safety standards. The structure was demolished in mid-2024, and a replacement single-storey covered platform is now under construction. It is expected to be completed by January 2026.

The Minden Scenic Reserve has a 15-minute loop walk from Ainsworth Road.

Minden Peak is at 288 metres above sea level, and can be accessed via the Minden Stairs, with over 320 steps.

Tauranga campaign
The Tauranga campaign was a six-month-long armed conflict in New Zealand's Bay of Plenty in early 1864, and part of the New Zealand Wars that were fought over issues of land ownership and sovereignty. The campaign was a sequel to the invasion of Waikato, which aimed to crush the Māori King (Kingitanga) Movement that was viewed by the colonial government as a challenge to the supremacy of the British monarchy.

British forces suffered a humiliating defeat in the Battle of Gate Pā on 29 April 1864, with 31 killed and 80 wounded despite outnumbering their Māori foe, but saved face seven weeks later by routing their enemy at the Battle of Te Ranga, in which more than 100 Māori were killed or fatally wounded, including their commander, Rawiri Puhirake.
1975 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1975 Tour of the Basque Country was the 15th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 14 April to 18 April 1975. The race started in Irun and finished in Hondarribia. The race was won by José Antonio González Linares of the Kas team.

Tour of the Basque Country
The Tour of the Basque Country (Officially: Itzulia Basque Country) is an annual road cycling stage race held in the Spanish Basque Country in April. It is one of the races that make up the UCI World Tour calendar. As the Basque Country is a mountainous area, there are few flat stages, and thus the event favors those who are strong climbers. The race is characterized by its short stages, rarely exceeding 200 km, and steep ascents. While the ascents featured in the race are not particularly high compared to other stage races, they are among the steepest seen in professional cycling, some having sections with gradients reaching well above 20%.
Amolops assamensis
The Assamese cascade frog, Assam stream frog, Assam cascade frog, or Sengupta's cascade frog (Amolops assamensis) is a species of frogs that was discovered in 2008 in Mayeng Hill Reserve Forest, Kamrup District, Assam in north-eastern India.

Kamrup district
Kamrup district (Pron: ˈkæmˌrəp or ˈkæmˌru:p), is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India formed by dividing the old Kamrup district into two in the year 2003; other being Kamrup Metropolitan district, named after the region it constitutes. This district, along with Nalbari, Barpeta, Kamrup Metropolitan, Bajali and Baksa districts has been created from the Undivided Kamrup district. Rangiya is the Sub-District of Kamrup. The present Kamrup district has its headquarters at Amingaon.