hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ff phages
Ff phages (for F specific filamentous phages) is a group of almost identical filamentous phage (genus Inovirus) including phages f1, fd, M13 and ZJ/2, which infect bacteria bearing the F fertility factor.  The virion (virus particle) is a flexible filament measuring about 6 by 900 nm, comprising a cylindrical protein tube protecting a single-stranded circular DNA molecule at its core. The phage codes for only 11 gene products, and is one of the simplest viruses known. It has been widely used to study fundamental aspects of molecular biology. George Smith and Greg Winter used f1 and fd for their work on phage display for which they were awarded a share of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Early experiments on Ff phages used M13 to identify gene functions, and M13 was also developed as a cloning vehicle, so the name M13 is sometimes used as an informal synonym for the whole group of Ff phages.

F-plasmid
The F-plasmid (first named F by one of its discoverers Esther Lederberg；also called the sex factor in E. coli，the F sex factor, the fertility factor, or simply the F factor) allows genes to be transferred from one bacterium carrying the factor to another bacterium lacking the factor by conjugation. The F factor was the first plasmid to be discovered. Unlike other plasmids, F factor is constitutive for transfer proteins due to a mutation in the gene finO. The F plasmid belongs to F-like plasmids, a class of conjugative plasmids that control sexual functions of bacteria with a fertility inhibition (Fin) system.
2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
The 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was a one-day cricket competition for sixteen international U-19 cricketing teams which was played in the United Arab Emirates. It was the tenth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup. Sixteen nations competed: the ten Test-playing teams, the United Arab Emirates as hosts, and five additional associate and affiliate qualifiers (Afghanistan, Canada, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, and Scotland). India entered the tournament as defending champions, having won the title in 2012 in Australia under the captaincy of Unmukt Chand.
In the final, South Africa beat Pakistan by six wickets to win the tournament. South Africa captain Aiden Markram was awarded Man of the Series.

Unmukt Chand
Unmukt Chand (born 26 March 1993) is an American-Indian cricketer. He is a right-handed top order batsman who currently plays for the Los Angeles Knight Riders in Major League Cricket. He has played for Delhi and Uttarakhand in Indian domestic cricket tournaments, the Mumbai Indians & the Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League, and the India Under-19 cricket team, who he captained to victory in the 2012 U-19 Cricket World Cup. In August 2021, Chand announced his retirement from playing cricket in India to move to the United States.
33rd GMA Dove Awards
The 33rd Annual GMA Dove Awards were held on April 25, 2002 recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 2001. The show was held at the Grand Ole Opry House in Nashville, Tennessee. Recipients are listed below, see also full list of nominees.

The awards were broadcast live on the PAX TV, the first live national broadcast since 1998.

Point of Grace
Point of Grace is an all-female contemporary Christian music vocal group. The current trio consists of Shelley Breen, Denise Jones, and Leigh Cappillino. The group started out as a quartet in 1991, with original members Breen and Jones, as well as Terry Jones and Heather Payne. Terry Jones left in November 2003 to spend more time with her family after the birth of her third child, with Cappillino joining in March 2004 for their 2004 release I Choose You. In June 2008, Payne announced her retirement from the group to spend more time with her family.

The group's self-titled debut album was released in 1993. In 2003, they released their ninth album, 24 – a compilation of 24 previous hits.
Winson Green Outer Circle tram stop
52°29′56″N 1°56′17″W﻿ / ﻿52.498959°N 1.937968°W﻿ / 52.498959; -1.937968

Winson Green Outer Circle tram stop is a tram stop in Winson Green, Birmingham, England. It was opened on 31 May 1999 and is situated on West Midlands Metro Line 1. Its name is derived from its connection with the Outer Circle bus route.

The pedestrian approach to the stop is decorated by Tim Tolkien's James Watt's Mad Machine.

It is one of only a few West Midlands Metro stops to have an island platform, rather than two side platforms. This is due to a lack of space at the site. The Birmingham to Worcester railway line runs alongside, but the stop is served only by trams, as there are no railway platforms. In addition the railway line between the Stour Valley Line and former Grand Junction Line crosses over the lines just south of the tram stop.

Tim Tolkien
Tim Tolkien (born October 1962) is an English sculptor who has designed several monumental sculptures, including the award-winning Sentinel.

He has a metal sculpture and public Art business at Cradley Heath, West Midlands.  He is also a bass player and member of the band Klangstorm, founded in 1996.
Revolution (Miranda Lambert album)
Revolution is the third studio album by American country music singer Miranda Lambert. It was released on September 29, 2009, via Columbia Records Nashville. The album includes the singles "Dead Flowers", "White Liar", "The House That Built Me", "Only Prettier", and "Heart Like Mine", all of which charted on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.

Revolution won the Album of the Year award at the Academy of Country Music Awards and at the Country Music Association Awards in 2010.

Sony Music Nashville
Sony Music Nashville is the country music branch of the Sony Music Group.

Based in Nashville, Tennessee, Sony Music Nashville includes its three country recording labels Arista Nashville, Columbia Nashville, and RCA Nashville, as well as Christian music company Provident Label Group, and independent music distribution company The Orchard.
Arthur Kitinas
Arthur Kitinas (born 29 November 1959) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s, and coached in the 2000s. He played in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.

A hooker, Kitinas trialled with Sydney's Eastern Suburbs club and played just one top grade match, in 1977, before joining the South Sydney Rabbitohs the following season. The established hookers at the South Sydney club, Test player George Piggins along with Ken Stewart, saw the promising young Kitinas play very little first grade at that club either.

Kitinas spent time as an assistant coach at South Sydney before an unsuccessful stint in the main job in 2004, as a replacement for Paul Langmack.

Kitinas joined the Wests Tigers coaching team in 2006 and currently coaches the Balmain Ryde-Eastwood Premier League team. In 2006 and 2007 he also coached the Australian Fijians team.
Kitinas now coaches the South Sydney Rabbitohs SG Ball team

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
DMSO reductase
DMSO reductase is a molybdenum-containing enzyme that catalyzes reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS).  This enzyme serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions in some bacteria, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. During the course of the reaction, the oxygen atom in DMSO is transferred to molybdenum, and then reduced to water.

DMSO reductase (DMSOR) and other members of the DMSO reductase family are unique to bacteria and archaea. Enzymes of this family in anaerobic oxidative phosphorylation and inorganic-donor-based lithotrophic respiration.  These enzymes have been engineered to degrade oxoanions.
DMSOR catalyzes the transfer of two electrons and one oxygen atom in the reaction: The active site of DMSOR contains molybdenum, which is otherwise rare in biology.

Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S. It is the simplest thioether and has a characteristic disagreeable odor. It is a flammable liquid that boils at 37 °C (99 °F). It is a component of the smell produced from cooking of certain vegetables (notably maize, cabbage, and beetroot) and seafoods. It is also an indication of bacterial contamination in malt production and brewing. It is a breakdown product of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and is also produced by the bacterial metabolism of methanethiol.
2C-Se
2C-Se, also known as 4-methylseleno-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It was originally named by Alexander Shulgin as described in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). Shulgin listed its dose as perhaps 100 mg orally and its duration as 6 to 8 hours. Its onset was 45 minutes, peak effects occurred after 1.5 hours, and doses of 50 to 70 mg orally produced threshold effects. Shulgin considered 2C-Se to be around three times the potency of mescaline, but was too concerned about toxicity to test it extensively, though he considered it noteworthy as the only psychedelic drug to contain a selenium atom. The chemical synthesis of 2C-Se has been described. 2C-Se was first described in the literature by Shulgin in PiHKAL in 1991. It is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Frazione
A frazione (pl.: frazioni, cognate with English fraction) is a type of subdivision of a comune ('municipality') in Italy, often a small village or hamlet outside the main town, similar to a suburb or exurb. Most frazioni were created during the Fascist era (1922–1943) as a way to consolidate territorial subdivisions in the country.

In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a frazione is officially called hameau in French. In South Tyrol, a frazione is called Fraktion in German and frazion in Ladin.

Ladin language
Ladin (/ləˈdiːn/ lə-DEEN, UK also /læˈdiːn/ la-DEEN; autonym: ladin; Italian: ladino; German: Ladinisch) is a Romance language of the Rhaeto-Romance subgroup, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, and Belluno, by the Ladin people. It exhibits similarities to Romansh, which is spoken in Switzerland, as well as to Friulian, which is spoken in northeast Italy.

The precise extent of the Ladin language area is a subject of scholarly debate. A narrower perspective includes only the dialects of the valleys around the Sella group, while wider definitions comprise the dialects of adjacent valleys in the Province of Belluno and even dialects spoken in the northwestern Trentino.

A standard variety of Ladin (Ladin Dolomitan) has been developed by the Office for Ladin Language Planning as a common communication tool across the whole Ladin-speaking region.
Edwin L. Scofield
Edwin Lewis Scofield (January 18, 1852 – January 14, 1918) was a member of the Connecticut Senate representing the 12th District from 1883 to 1884. He was the second mayor of Stamford, Connecticut, serving from 1895 to 1897.

He was born in Stamford. His parents were Erastus Ellsworth Scofield and Jane Ann (Brown) Scofield, both from Stamford.

On October 15, 1879, he married Annie Weed Candee, future sister-in-law of writer Helen Churchill Candee. They had a son, Edwin Lewis Scofield, Jr. (1887-1965).

Scofield graduated from Columbia Law School in 1873.

He was a director on the boards of Stamford Hospital, the Stamford YMCA, and the First National Bank of Stamford.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Equality Ombudsman
The Equality Ombudsman (Swedish: Diskrimineringsombudsmannen, lit. 'discrimination ombudsman', DO; formerly Jämställdhetsombudsmannen, 'equality ombudsman', JämO) is a government agency in Sweden tasked with supervising the laws relating to discrimination on the basis of someone's sex, transgender identity or expression, ethnicity, religion or other belief, disability, sexual orientation or age. It was formed on 1 January 2009 from the four previously separate ombudsmen tasked with different aspects of discrimination.

Gender expression
Gender expression or gender presentation is a person's behavior, mannerisms, and appearance that are socially associated with gender, namely femininity or masculinity. Gender expression can also be defined as the external manifestation of one's gender identity through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice, or body characteristics. Typically, a person's gender expression is thought of in terms of masculinity and femininity, but an individual's gender expression may incorporate both feminine and masculine traits, or neither. A person's gender expression may or may not match their assigned sex at birth. This includes gender roles, and accordingly relies on cultural stereotypes about gender. It is distinct from gender identity.
Yesterday and Forever
Yesterday and Forever (Lithuanian: Vakar ir visados) is a Soviet film created in 1984. This film is a joint creation by the director Gytis Lukšas, singer Veronika Povilionienė and scriptwriter, poet Marcelijus Martinaitis.

This film was made by a commission of the Soviet Central Television but later for the first three after creation is had no public debut. Instead, it had been shown in the cinemas of towns and small cities. After it had been shown in the Tbilisi Cinema by an initiative of Sergei Parajanov, it got recognition in Lithuanian SSR also.

As an educational material, Yesterday and Forever was shown to students at some universities in the USA. Russian linguist and mythologist Vladimir Toporov praised this film as a metaphorical representation of the archaic worldview to a modern viewer.

The film was filmed in an old Dzūkish house in Alytus District Municipality.

Alytus District Municipality
The Alytus District Municipality (Lithuanian: Alytaus rajono savivaldybė) is a municipality in Alytus County, Lithuania, located in the Dzūkija ethnographic region.

This municipality was founded in 1950, and until 1953 was a part of the Kaunas Province. In 1959, another reorganization of parts of the former Simnas and Daugai municipalities occurred, which included the towns of Simnas and Daugai. In 1962 it was expanded further, attaching part of the former Jieznas municipality. In 1968 parts of the municipality were attached to the Prienai District Municipality and Trakai District Municipality, and in 1969 another part of Varėna District Municipality.

The current coat of arms of the Alytus district municipality was announced by Lithuanian presidential decree on August 7, 2001.
Adrienne Pearce
Adrienne Pearce (sometimes credited as Pierce or Pearse) is a South African actress, dancer, and voiceover artist. Her films include Proteus, The Bone Snatcher, Van der Merwe, Tremors: A Cold Day in Hell, and Glasshouse. On television, she has featured in the SABC series The Legend of the Hidden City and the Netflix series Troy: Fall of a City.

Proteus (2003 film)
Proteus is a 2003 romantic drama film by Canadian director John Greyson. The film, based on an early 18th century court record from Cape Town, explores the romantic relationship between two prisoners, the Khoikhoi man Klaas Blank and the Dutch-born white Rijkhaart Jacobsz, at Robben Island in South Africa in the 18th century.

Although the film premiered at the 2003 Toronto International Film Festival, it did not have a general theatrical release until 2005.
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo, 3rd Duke of Primo de Rivera, 5th Marquis of Estella (17 August 1934 – 3 December 2018) was a Spanish politician, lawyer and businessman. He was a grandchild of the Spanish dictator of the same name. He was mayor of the city of Jerez from 1965 to 1971. He succeeded his uncle as 3rd Duke of Primo de Rivera and passed down the subsidiary title of Marquis of Estella to his son.

Subsidiary title
A subsidiary title is a title of authority or title of honour that is held by a royal or noble person but which is not regularly used to identify that person, due to the concurrent holding of a greater title.
Lobatse Cricket Ground
Lobatse Cricket Ground is cricket ground in Lobatse, Botswana. The ground is one of the three cricket grounds in the country, the other two being Botswana Cricket Association Oval's two grounds (Oval 1 and Oval 2).

Lobatse Cricket Ground has hosted two ICC tournaments: the 2011 ICC World Cricket League Division Seven and the 2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Seven.

Lobatse
Lobatse is a town in south-eastern Botswana, 70 kilometres south of the capital Gaborone, situated in a valley running north towards Gaborone and on the border with South Africa. Lobatse has a population of 29,772 as of 2022. The town is an administrative district, with a town council.
Elevate (video game)
Elevate is an edutainment video game developed by The Mind Company focusing on literacy and numeracy.

Common Sense Media wrote that the game contains "speedy, amusing games sharpen speed but not grammar skills". CNET conducted a comprehensive comparison of Lumosity and Elevate.

Educational entertainment
Educational entertainment, also referred to by the portmanteau edutainment, is media designed to educate through entertainment. The term has been used as early as 1933. Most often it includes content intended to teach but has incidental entertainment value. It has been used by academia, corporations, governments, and other entities in various countries to disseminate information in classrooms and/or via television, radio, and other media to influence viewers' opinions and behaviors.
China International Consumer Products Expo
China International Consumer Products Expo (中国国际消费品博览会), commonly abbreviated as CICPE (Chinese: 消博会), is a national-level trade fair in China focused on consumer goods, jointly organized by the Ministry of Commerce and the Hainan Provincial People's Government.

Hainan Provincial People's Government
The Hainan Provincial People's Government is the local administrative agency of Hainan. It is officially elected by the Hainan Provincial People's Congress and is formally responsible to the Hainan Provincial People's Congress and its Standing Committee. Under the country's one-party system, the governor is subordinate to the secretary of the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The Provincial government is headed by a governor, currently Liu Xiaoming.
2020–21 Bobsleigh World Cup
The 2020–21 Bobsleigh World Cup was a multi-race series over a season for bobsleigh. The season started on 21 November 2020 in Sigulda, Latvia and finished on Innsbruck-Igls, Austria on 31 January 2021. The season sponsor is BMW.

For the first time, competitions for women in monobob are held in the status of the World Series, but not the World Cup. The season started on 5 December 2020 in Winterberg, Germany and finished on Königssee, Germany on 20 February 2021.

Königssee bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track
The Königssee bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track is a venue in Germany for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton, located in Schönau am Königssee,  Bavaria, near Königssee (German for "King's Lake") and the border with Austria. Completed 57 years ago in 1968, it is the first permanent, artificially refrigerated bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track in the world. In July 2021, the track was severely damaged by the floods that affected the European continent, and is currently under reconstruction.
KIPP New Orleans Schools
KIPP New Orleans Schools (KNOS) is the division of KIPP Schools active in the New Orleans metropolitan area.

By 2016 it became the charter school operator with the largest number of schools in New Orleans. Greg Larose of The Times Picayune wrote that KIPP New Orleans is "in many ways the symbol of the revolution", referring to the educational reforms in New Orleans that occurred post-Hurricane Katrina (2005). In 2019 Della Haselle of the same publication described KIPP New Orleans as "one of the city's oldest and biggest charter school operators".

In 2015 New Orleans established KIPP Through College, a program for students who attended KIPP schools.

KIPP
The Knowledge is Power Program (KIPP) is a network of tuition-free, open-enrollment college-preparatory public charter schools serving students in historically underserved communities across the United States. Founded in 1994 by Mike Feinberg and Dave Levin, both former Teach For America corps members, KIPP has grown into one of the largest public charter school networks in the country. The organization's instructional model was influenced by educator Harriett Ball.

As of 2009, KIPP was the largest network of public charter schools in North America. The organization operates regional offices in San Francisco, Chicago, New York City, and Washington, D.C.

KIPP has been involved in teacher training initiatives and was among the charter school organizations that helped establish the Relay Graduate School of Education.