hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David McNiven (footballer, born 1978)
David Jonathan McNiven (born 27 May 1978) is an English footballer. He played as a striker and is now a sports scientist/PE teacher. He is a well-traveled player, having predominantly played in England but has also played football in Scotland and Sweden.

Hyde United F.C.
Hyde United Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Hyde, Greater Manchester, England, formed in 1919.

The team's strip is red shirts and black shorts and their home ground is the 4,250 capacity Ewen Fields, known as Project Solar Stadium for sponsorship reasons. Hyde United's record attendance was in 1952 when 7,600 spectators attended a game against Nelson. The club's all-time leading goalscorer is Pete O'Brien who scored 247 goals.
Texas Monthly
Texas Monthly (stylized as TexasMonthly) is a monthly American magazine headquartered in Austin, Texas, United States. Founded in 1973 by Michael R. Levy, Texas Monthly chronicles life in contemporary Texas, writing on politics, the environment, industry, and education. The magazine also covers leisure topics such as music, art, dining, and travel. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).

After being sold to Emmis Publishing, L.P. in 1998, the magazine was later sold to Genesis Park LP in 2016 for $25 million, and is currently owned by Randa Williams as of 2019. In 2021, Texas Monthly began expanding into video production through its acquisition of Phillips Productions, best known as the producers of Texas Country Reporter.

City and Regional Magazine Association
The City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1978 that facilitates professional development and training for member magazines and methods for exchanging information and ideas.
Klimovets
Klimovets (Belarusian: Клімавец) is a gender-neutral Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrej Klimovets (born 1974), Belarusian-German handball player

Natalya Safronava (née Klimovets in 1974), Belarusian triple jumper

Natallia Safronava
Natallia Safronava (Belarusian: Натальля Сафронава), née Klimovets (born 11 April 1974) is a Belarusian triple jumper.

Her personal best jump is 14.65 metres, achieved in June 2000 in Minsk. She was at the Olympics that year and again in 2004 competing in the triple jump. She has 6.66 metres in the long jump, achieved in July 2006 in Brest.
Carex californica
Carex californica is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to western parts of the United States.

The sedges have long rhizomes and form colonies. The smooth to roughly textured culms are 15 to 60 cm (5.9 to 23.6 in) in length. The bladeless leaves have a purple tinge and have fibrous proximal sheaths with a diameter of 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 in) with small projections that are 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 in) long and sometimes wider than they are long. The inflorescences are 4 to 15 cm (1.6 to 5.9 in) in length.

The species was first described by the botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1889 as a part of Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. It has one synonym; Carex polymorpha var. californica as described by Georg Kukenthal.

Culm (botany)
A culm is the aerial (above-ground) stem of a grass or sedge. It is derived from the Latin word culmus, meaning "stalk". It originally referred to the stem of any type of plant.

In horticulture or agriculture, it is especially used to describe the stalk or woody stems of bamboo, cane or grain grasses.
Valtonen
Valtonen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elias Valtonen (born 1999), Finnish basketball player

Elina Valtonen (born 1981), Finnish politician

Jarmo Valtonen (born 1982), Finnish speed skater

Jonne Valtonen (born 1976), Finnish composer

Jorma Valtonen (born 1946), Finnish ice hockey player

Jorma Valtonen (athlete) (1923–2001), Finnish athlete

Kari Valtonen (born 1954), Finnish chess problemist

Mato Valtonen (born 1955), Finnish actor and musician

Mauri Valtonen (born 1945), Finnish astronomer

Osmo Valtonen (1929–2002), Finnish artist and sculptor

Tomek Valtonen (born 1980), Finnish ice hockey player

Veijo Valtonen (1936–2016), Finnish footballer

Tomek Valtonen
Tomasz Valtonen (born 8 January 1980) is a Polish-born Finnish former professional ice hockey forward. He is currently the head coach for HK Dukla Ingema Michalovce. He coached the Poland men's national ice hockey team from 2018-2020. Valtonen was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings as their second-round draft pick (56th overall) in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft.
United People's Movement (Colombia)
The United People's Movement (Movimiento Popular Unido) is a liberal political party in Colombia. In the 2002 legislative elections on March 10, 2002, the party won, as one of the many small parties, parliamentary representation. In the simultaneous legislative elections of 2006, the party won 2 out of 166 deputies and no senators.

2006 Colombian parliamentary election
Congressional elections were held in Colombia on March 12, 2006 to elect members of the Senate and Chamber of Representatives. Presidential primaries were also held for the Liberal Party and the Alternative Democratic Pole prior to the upcoming presidential elections in May.
Troitsky, Belgorod Oblast
Troitsky (Russian: Троицкий) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Troitskaya Territorial Administration, Gubkinsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 6,214 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Gubkinsky District
Gubkinsky District (Russian: Гу́бкинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Gubkin (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 33,561 (2010 Census); 33,974 (2002 Census); 33,809 (1989 Soviet census).
Eke Panuku Development Auckland
Eke Panuku Development Auckland (Eke Panuku) was one of four council-controlled organisations (CCOs) of Auckland Council in Auckland, New Zealand. Eke Panuku managed a NZD$2.3bn property portfolio of non-core Auckland Council assets. Eke Panuku was disestablished on 1 July 2025, with its functions transferred to Auckland Council.

Eke Panuku bought, managed and sold property on behalf of Auckland Council and its CCOs. It did not develop the sites directly, but acted as the "master developer" to "unlock development potential for others", leveraging Auckland Council landholdings for urban regeneration and social outcomes. It had portfolios that ranged from small housing developments to long-term regeneration such as the Wynyard Quarter on Auckland's waterfront, and to redevelopment of town centres and malls.

Flat Bush
Flat Bush (also known as Ormiston or Flatbush) is an Eastern suburb in the city of Auckland, New Zealand. It has recently become one of the city's largest new planned towns after being developed as an urban area of Auckland for several decades. Plans for substantial expansion began under the former Manukau City Council — having bought 290 hectares in the area in 1996.

As of 2023, substantial residential development means the area has grown to over 45,000 people, a similar population to Nelson, and includes a large shopping centre: Ormiston Town Centre.
Hong Kong at the 2019 World Beach Games
Hong Kong  competed at the inaugural World Beach Games in Doha, Qatar from 12 to 16 October 2019. In total, athletes representing Hong Kong won one bronze medal and the country finished in 32nd place in the medal table.

2019 World Beach Games
The 2019 World Beach Games, (Arabic: 2019 ألعاب شاطئ العالم) officially known as the ANOC World Beach Games Qatar 2019 and commonly known as Qatar 2019, was the inaugural edition of the international beach and water multi-sport event organized by the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC). It was held for five days from 11 to 16 October 2019, in Doha, Qatar, with 110 medals contested across 14 disciplines.

It had originally been scheduled to be hosted in San Diego, United States in 2017. However, after first being postponed to 2019, the Games were then relocated as the city had not generated sufficient private funds needed to stage the event. In June 2019, Doha was announced as the last-minute replacement host city.

Spain were the best performing nation, claiming seven gold medals ahead of Brazil's five; hosts Qatar finished with one medal (silver). ANOC declared the event a success; a survey of the participating NOCs rated the Games an average of 8.65 out of 10.
Story of Things
Story of Things is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language anthology streaming series consisting of five episodes directed by George K Antoney. Produced by Chutzpah Films, the series stars Vinoth Kishan, Anshita Anand, Aditi Balan, Gautami Tadimalla, Arjun Radhakrishnan, Shanthnu Bhagyaraj, Sidhique KM, Archana, Bharath Niwas, Linga, Ritika Singh, Roju. The music was composed by Madley Blues. The cinematography was handled by Harshvardhan Waghdhare. The editing was done by George K Antoney. The series was released at SonyLIV on 6 January 2023.

Gautami
Gautami Tadimalla (born 2 July 1968) is an Indian actress, social worker, politician and Deputy Propaganda Secretary of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. She has worked mainly in Tamil and Telugu cinema, in addition to Malayalam, Hindi, and Kannada films. She was one of the leading South Indian actresses from 1987 to 1998. She is also a television actress, television host, the founder of Life Again Foundation and a costume designer in films.
Leslie Bradbury
Leslie Bradbury (19 April 1938 – May 2020) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1971.

Bradbury was born at Matlock, Derbyshire. His career for Derbyshire started in the Second XI team in 1968, when he debuted against Leicestershire. With four wickets on his debut, and an economical return, he served the Second XI well for the next three years without securing a place in the first team.

His only first-class appearance came in the 1971 season in May against Yorkshire when taking the position of number 11 batsman from team-mate Mike Hendrick, he bowled safely, but did not bat during the match.

Bradbury was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler, and wicket-keeper. He continued in the Second XI until 1973 maintaining a position of tailender batsman until the end of the 1973 season.

Matlock, Derbyshire
Matlock is the county town of Derbyshire, England. It is in the south-eastern part of the Peak District, with the National Park directly to the west.  The spa resort of Matlock Bath is immediately south of the town as well as Cromford lying further south still. The civil parish of Matlock Town had a population in the 2021 UK census of 10,000.

Matlock is 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Chesterfield and in close reach of the cities of Derby (19 miles), Sheffield (20 miles) and Nottingham (29 miles). Matlock is within the Derbyshire Dales district and is the headquarters of Derbyshire County Council.
Green Mountain Cog Railway
The Green Mountain Cog Railway was a mountain railway built to carry tourists to the top of Green Mountain (now known as Cadillac Mountain) on Mount Desert Island in Maine.  Its track was built to 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) gauge, which is technically a narrow gauge, as it is a 1⁄2-inch less than 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge.

Mount Desert Island
Mount Desert Island (MDI; French: Île des Monts Déserts; Malecite-Passamaquoddy: Pesamkuk) is the largest island of Maine, United States. Lying in Hancock County off the north-central coast, it has an area of 108 square miles (280 km2), making it the sixth-largest island in the contiguous United States, and the second-largest island on the Eastern Seaboard, behind Long Island and ahead of Martha's Vineyard. According to the 2010 census, the island has a year-round population of 10,615. In 2017, an estimated 3.5 million tourists visited Acadia National Park on MDI. The island is home to numerous well-known summer colonies such as Northeast Harbor and Bar Harbor.
Žalna
Žalna (pronounced [ˈʒaːlna]; in older sources also Žalina, German: Schalna) is a settlement in the Municipality of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. It lies southeast of Grosuplje in the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Prevale, Velika Žalna (in older sources also Velika Žalina, German: Großschalna), and Mala Žalna (in older sources also Mala Žalina, German: Kleinschalna), as well as part of the hamlet of Na Šoli.

Municipality of Grosuplje
The Municipality of Grosuplje (pronounced [ɡɾɔˈsùːpljɛ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Grosuplje) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Grosuplje. It lies just south of the capital Ljubljana in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Thomas Forsyth (Indian agent)
Major Thomas Forsyth (December 5, 1771 – October 29, 1833) was a 19th-century American frontiersman and trader who served as a U.S. Indian agent to the Sauk and Meskwaki during the 1820s and was replaced by Felix St. Vrain, prior to the Black Hawk War. His writings, both prior to and while an Indian agent, provided an invaluable source of the early Native American history in the Northwest Territory. His son, Robert Forsyth, was a colonel in the United States Army and an early settler of Chicago, Illinois.

Sauk people
The Sauk or Sac (Sauk: Thâkîwaki) are Native Americans and Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands. Their historical territory was near Green Bay, Wisconsin. Today they have three tribes based in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. Their federally recognized tribes are:

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska

Sac and Fox Nation, Oklahoma

Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa.

They are closely allied with the Meskwaki people. Their Sauk language is part of the Algonquian language family.
Aldermaston Gravel Pits
Aldermaston Gravel Pits is a  24.6-hectare (61-acre)  biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Aldermaston in Berkshire. It was purchased by Natural England in 2003.

This site consists of mature flooded gravel workings surrounded by dense fringing vegetation, trees and scrub, affording a variety of habitats for breeding birds and a refuge for wildfowl. The irregular shoreline, with islands, promontories, sheltered eutrophic pools and narrow lagoons provides undisturbed habitat for many water birds including surface feeding ducks such as teal and shoveler. The surrounding marsh and scrub are important for numerous birds including nine breeding species of warblers, water rails, kingfishers and an important breeding colony of nightingales.

Northern shoveler
The northern shoveler (/ˈʃʌvələr/; Spatula clypeata), often known simply as the shoveler where other related species do not occur, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and throughout the Palearctic and across most of North America, and winters in southern Europe, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. It is a rare vagrant to Australia. In North America, it breeds along the southern edge of Hudson Bay and west of this body of water, and as far south as the Great Lakes west to Colorado, Nevada, and Oregon.

The northern shoveler is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies. The conservation status of this bird is Least Concern.
Richard the Chaplain
Richard the Chaplain (or Ricardus Capellanus) was the Chaplain of King Máel Coluim IV before becoming Bishop of Cell Rígmonaid (St Andrews), the highest ranking Scottish see of the period. He came from a well connected Anglo-Norman Lothian-based family, and was the nephew of Alwin, Abbot of Holyrood. Richard was elected to the see in 1163, soon after the death of his predecessor Ernald, and was consecrated on Palm Sunday 1165 by other Scottish bishops in the presence of the king. He died in 1178 in the infirmary of the canons of the church. He was succeeded by John, called "l'Escot" (the Scot).

Malcolm IV of Scotland
Malcolm IV (Medieval Gaelic: Máel Coluim mac Eanric; Scottish Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Eanraig), nicknamed Virgo, "the Maiden" (between 23 April and 24 May 1141 – 9 December 1165) was King of Scotland from 1153 until his death. He was the eldest son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumbria (died 1152) and Ada de Warenne. The original Malcolm Canmore, a name now associated with his great-grandfather Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada), he succeeded his grandfather David I, and shared David's Anglo-Norman tastes.

Called Malcolm the Maiden by later chroniclers, a name which may incorrectly suggest weakness or effeminacy to modern readers, he was noted for his religious zeal and interest in knighthood and warfare. For much of his reign, he was in poor health and died unmarried at the age of twenty-four.
River Roe
The River Roe (Irish: Abhainn na Ró) is a river located in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It flows north from Glenshane in the Sperrin Mountains to Lough Foyle, via the settlements of Dungiven, Burnfoot, Limavady and Myroe.  The River Roe's length is 34.25 miles (55.12 km).

Sperrins
The Sperrins or Sperrin Mountains (Irish: Sliabh Speirín) are a mountain range in Northern Ireland. The range stretches from Strabane and Mullaghcarn in the west, to Slieve Gallion and the Glenshane Pass in the east, in the counties of Tyrone and Londonderry. The landscape is mostly moorland and blanket bog. The region has a population of some 150,000 and is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The Aesthetics of Rock
The Aesthetics of Rock  is a book by Richard Meltzer (born May 10, 1945). Written between 1965 and 1968, it was first published in 1970 by Something Else Press. In 1987, Da Capo Press published an unabridged second edition, with a new foreword by Meltzer. It is one of the first major works of rock-music criticism and analysis. He wrote it as an undergraduate at the State University of New York at Stony Brook and as a graduate student at Yale University, from which he was, as he relates in his foreword, "kicked out toot-sweet on my rock-roll caboose" for writing papers with rock-music themes for philosophy classes.

Writer Greil Marcus, in his introduction to the Da Capo edition of Aesthetics, maintains that the book is "the best and most obsessive book about the Beatles ever written," and that the work seeks to illuminate "the collapse of art into everyday life, and vice versa."

Greil Marcus
Greil Marcus (né Gerstley; born June 19, 1945) is an American author, music journalist and cultural critic. He is notable for producing scholarly and literary essays that place rock music in a broader framework of culture and politics.
Qillwiri
Qillwiri (Aymara qillwa, qiwña, qiwlla Andean gull, -(i)ri a suffix, also spelled Khellhuiri) is a mountain in the Andes on the border of Bolivia and Chile. On the Chilean side it is located in the Arica y Parinacota Region. It is situated in the Cordillera Occidental between the mountains Pukintika in the north-west and Lliscaya in the south-east, east of the Suriri salt flat. On the Bolivian side the mountain lies in the Oruro Department, Sabaya Province, Sabaya Municipality.

Salar de Surire Natural Monument
Salar de Surire Natural Monument is a Chilean Natural Monument located in the Andes, in the Arica y Parinacota Region. It consists mainly of a salt flat and a number of small salt lakes, sheltering several Andean species of wildlife and plants. Arintica volcano towers over the salt flat.

The protected area, along with Lauca National Park and Las Vicuñas National Reserve, were designated a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1981, which is called Lauca.

Salar de Surire is one of the Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention signed in 1971.
George Latimer Apperson
George Latimer Apperson ISO, (1857–1937) was a school inspector and man of letters.

He was editor of The Antiquary from 1899–1915, and a major contributor to the Oxford English Dictionary, both submitting large numbers of quotations and serving as subeditor for parts.

Apperson was created Companion of the Imperial Service Order in 1903, for his service in the Scotch Education Department within the Scottish Office at Whitehall.

Scottish Office
The Scottish Office was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1999, exercising a wide range of government functions in relation to Scotland under the control of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Following the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, most of its work was transferred to the newly established Scottish Executive (now the Scottish Government), with a small residue of functions retained by the Scotland Office.
Helen Lowry College of Arts & Commerce
Helen Lowry College of Arts & Commerce, Aizawl, is a college run by the Mizo Conference of Seventh-day Adventist  in Mizoram, India. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second-largest Christian school and college system.
It was inaugurated as college on 23 August 2017 by the then Chief Minister of Mizoram Lalthanhawla.

Seventh-day Adventist education
The Seventh-day Adventist educational system, part of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, is overseen by the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists located in Silver Spring, Maryland. It is considered as the largest Protestant educational system and second largest Christian educational system in the world. The educational system is a Christian school–based system.

In 2023, the Seventh-day Adventist Church has associations with a total of 9,845 educational institutions operating in over 100 countries around the world with over 2,177,933 million students worldwide.

The denominationally-based school system began in the 1870s.
Minor (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, a minor of a matrix A is the determinant of some smaller square matrix generated from A by removing one or more of its rows and columns. Minors obtained by removing just one row and one column from square matrices (first minors) are useful for calculating matrix cofactors, which are useful for computing both the determinant and inverse of square matrices.  The requirement that the square matrix be smaller than the original matrix is often omitted in the definition.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.