hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Springfield, Virginia
Springfield is an unincorporated community in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The common definition of Springfield is the four ZIP codes that use Springfield in their mailing addresses (22150, 22151, 22152, 22153). Together, they had a population of 108,621 as of the 2020 Census. (This should not be confused with the narrowly-defined Springfield census-designated place with a population of 31,339.) Springfield is a part of Northern Virginia, the most populous region of the Washington Metropolitan Area.

Washington metropolitan area
The Washington metropolitan area (also referred to as the National Capital Region, Greater Washington, or locally as the DMV, short for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia) is the metropolitan area comprising Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States, and its surroundings. The metropolitan area includes all of Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland, Virginia and even West Virginia.

The United States federal government defines the area as the Washington–DC, VA–MD–WV metropolitan statistical area. It anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis and is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, the country's third-largest. The area's estimated total population of 6,304,975 (as of 2023) makes it the country's seventh-most populous metropolitan area. It is one of the country's most educated and affluent metropolitan areas.
Isoproturon
Isoproturon (IPU) is a urea class selective herbicide, which has been used to control annual grasses and many broad leafed weeds in wheat, barley, rye and triticale.

Isoproturon was introduced in 1971 by Hoechst AG, (now AgrEvo GmbH), Rhône-Poulenc and Ciba-Geigy AG. It was once one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, however it has suffered various bans, including the USA, and until 2016 was sold in 22 European countries.

Hoechst AG
Hoechst AG (German pronunciation: [ˈhøːçst] ⓘ) was a German chemicals, later life sciences, company that became Aventis Deutschland after its merger with France's Rhône-Poulenc S.A. in 1999. With the new company's 2004 merger with Sanofi-Synthélabo, it became a subsidiary of the resulting Sanofi-Aventis pharmaceuticals group.
Pension Act
The 1832 Pension Act, formally titled "An Act supplementary to the "Act for the relief of certain surviving officers and soldiers of the revolution.", 4 Stat. 529 (1832) was passed June 7, 1832 by the 22nd United States Congress as a final supplementary pension act for Revolutionary War veterans. The act provided every surviving officer and soldier who served at least 2 years in the continental army and other units with a pension of full pay for life. Those who served for a period less than 2 years, but more than 6 months, were granted partial pay that was chosen depending on the period they served. The act also granted the same pensions in the same manner for officers and mariners who served in the U.S. Navy during the Revolutionary War.

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
Trisha Illana Nayanthara
Trisha Illana Nayanthara (transl. If Not Trisha, Then Nayanthara) is a 2015 Indian Tamil language sex comedy film written and directed by Adhik Ravichandran, in his directorial debut. The film stars G. V. Prakash Kumar, Anandhi and Manisha Yadav, with VTV Ganesh and Simran portraying supporting roles. The film was released on 17 September 2015.

Central Board of Film Certification
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952." The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited.
Gulmarg Golf Club
The Gulmarg Golf Club is a public golf course in a meadow at Gulmarg in Baramulla district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It lies 35 km from Baramulla city. The golf course, at an elevation of 2,650 metres (8,690 ft) above sea level, is the second highest green golf course in the world. It lies 52 kilometres (32 mi) from Srinagar in the west. The golf course gets covered in by a thick layer of snow during the winter. It is open from April to November.

Baramulla district
Baramulla district (or Varmul, in Kashmiri) is one of the 20 districts in the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in the disputed Kashmir region. Baramulla town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district covered an area of 4,588 km2 (1,771 sq mi) in 2001, but it was reduced to 4,243 km2 (1,638 sq mi) at the time of 2011 census.  In 2016, the district administration said that the area was 4,190 km2 (1,620 sq mi). Muslims constitute about 98% of the population.
Mariusz Książkiewicz
Mariusz Książkiewicz (born October 4, 1989) is a German-born Polish-Canadian professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division for Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki. He is a former Unified MMA and Ignite Fights Light Heavyweight champion. He previously competed on Aggression Fighting Championship, Legacy Fighting Alliance, and Dana White's Contender Series.

Polish Canadians
Polish Canadians (Polish: Polonia w Kanadzie) are citizens of Canada with Polish ancestry, and Poles who immigrated to Canada from abroad. At the 2016 Census, there were 1,106,585 Canadians who claimed full or partial Polish heritage.
Aminobacterium colombiense
Aminobacterium colombiense is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly anaerobic and non-spore-forming  bacterium from the genus of Aminobacterium which has been isolated from anaerobic lagoon from a dairy wastewater treatment plant in Colombia.

Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to 45 °C (68 to 113 °F). The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37 °C (about 99 °F). The term is mainly applied to microorganisms.  Organisms that prefer extreme environments are known as extremophiles. Mesophiles have diverse classifications, belonging to two domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and to kingdom Fungi of domain Eukarya.  Mesophiles belonging to the domain Bacteria can either be gram-positive or gram-negative. Oxygen requirements for mesophiles can be aerobic or anaerobic. There are three basic shapes of mesophiles: coccus, bacillus, and spiral.
Jimbōchō Book Town
Jimbōchō Book Town (Japanese: 神田神保町古書街, Hepburn: Kanda Jinbōchō Koshogai; alternately Jinbōchō Book Town)
and also known as Kanda Book Town (Japanese: 神田古書店街, Hepburn: Kanda Koshoten Gai), is a book town located in the district of Kanda-Jinbōchō in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The area is known for its high volume and concentration of used bookstores. It additionally houses the headquarters for multiple major Japanese publishing companies, as well as campuses for several universities.

Used bookstore
Used bookstores (usually called second-hand bookshops in Great Britain) buy and sell used books and out-of-print books. A range of titles is available in used bookstores, including in print and out-of-print books. Book collectors tend to frequent used book stores. Large online bookstores offer used books for sale, too. Individuals wishing to sell their used books using online bookstores agree to terms outlined by the bookstore(s): for example, paying the online bookstore(s) a predetermined commission once the books have sold.

Used bookstores can range in size offering from several hundred to several hundred thousands of titles. They may be brick-and-mortar stores, internet-only stores, or a combination of both. A book town is a locale where numerous bookstores are located and serve as the town's main attraction to tourists.

The third-largest bookstore chain in the United States, Half Price Books, primarily sells and buys used books along with new titles.
Shallcross, Derbyshire
Shallcross is a small village in the High Peak borough of Derbyshire, England. It is 15 miles (24 km) south of Manchester, at the edge of the Peak District, on the eastern side of the River Goyt. Located between Whaley Bridge and Fernilee, it is now administered as part of the larger community of Whaley Bridge. The area attracts many outdoors enthusiasts, especially hikers, because of the beauty and variety of the scenery. It rises steeply as it ascends the Goyt valley from the canal terminus at Whaley Bridge, past Fernilee Reservoir, and onto the highlands of Axe Edge Moor.

Axe Edge Moor
Axe Edge Moor is the major moorland southwest of Buxton in the Peak District, England. It is mainly gritstone (Namurian shale and sandstone).  Its highest point (551 metres (1,808 ft)) is at grid reference SK035706. This is slightly lower than Shining Tor (which is some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northwest, across the modest dip of the incipient Goyt Valley).

The moor is the source of the River Dove, River Manifold, River Dane, River Wye and River Goyt. It boasted England's second-highest public house (the Cat and Fiddle Inn), which closed in 2015 before reopening as a distillery. The moor is shared between the counties of Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire, which meet on its southwestern flank at Three Shire Heads on the Dane.

The Axe Edge itself is on the southeastern edge, near the source of the Dove.
Gurkha (film)
Gurkha is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film written and directed by Sam Anton. The film stars Yogi Babu, while Elyssa Erhardt, Anandaraj, Charle, Raj Bharath, and Manobala, among others, play key roles. It revolves around a security officer in a shopping mall who must save hostages after the mall is taken over by terrorists.

The film was produced by 4 Monkeys Studio, with cinematography and editing handled by Krishnan Vasant and Ruben respectively. The music is composed by Raj Aryan. Filming took place between December 2018 and February 2019, and the film was released on 12 July 2019.

Manobala
Balachandar (8 December 1953 – 3 May 2023), known by his stage name Manobala (/mənoʊbɑːlɑː/), was an Indian actor, film producer, director, comedian, and YouTuber who predominantly played supporting roles in Tamil-language films. He worked predominantly in the film industry for nearly forty years and was notable for his unique body language and dialogue delivery and was also well known for his intonation.
Kawasaki triple
The Kawasaki triples were a range of 250 to 750 cc (15 to 46 cu in) motorcycles made by Kawasaki from 1968 to 1980.  The engines were air-cooled, three-cylinder, piston-controlled inlet port two-strokes with two exhaust pipes exiting on the right side of the bike, and one on the left. It was the first production street motorcycle with capacitor discharge ignition (CDI). Right from the first triple model, the 1968 Mach III H1 500 cc, it was a sales success that gained a reputation for almost unmatched acceleration as well as an air of danger for inexperienced riders trying to cope with the bike's increased power to weight ratio over any previously available stock motorcycles.

Air-cooled engine
Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. Air-cooled designs are far simpler than their liquid-cooled counterparts, which require a separate radiator, coolant reservoir, piping and pumps.

Air-cooled engines are widely seen in applications where weight or simplicity is the primary goal. Their simplicity makes them suited for uses in small applications like chainsaws and lawn mowers, as well as small generators and similar roles. These qualities also make them highly suitable for aviation use, where they are widely used in general aviation aircraft and as auxiliary power units on larger aircraft. Their simplicity, in particular, also makes them common on motorcycles.
Boniface Berthin Zakahely
Boniface Berthin Zakahely is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as an independent in the 2002 Malagasy parliamentary election and 2007 Malagasy parliamentary election. He represents the constituency of Mananara Avaratra.

In 2019 Malagasy parliamentary election he was a candidate in the same constituency for the AREMA but obtained only 23,55% of the votes and was not elected.

2007 Malagasy parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Madagascar on 23 September 2007, with the vote to be repeated in two constituencies on 14 November 2007. 637 candidates contested the election, in which the 127 seats in the National Assembly were at stake.
Pennsbury High School
Pennsbury High School is a four-year public high school located in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Pennsbury School District.

With 2,907 students enrolled for the 2021–2022 school year, Pennsbury High School is the largest high school in Bucks County and the tenth largest high school in the state of Pennsylvania. There are approximately 255 faculty members and staff. It is the only high school in Pennsbury School District, which has a total enrollment of 10,958 students and includes Bucks Technical High School and Intermediate Unit student totals.

Pennsbury had a graduating class of 800 students in 2018, of which 91% were college-bound. The school had seven National Merit Scholarship finalists and one winner.

Pennsbury School District
Pennsbury School District is located in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.  The district serves Falls Township, Lower Makefield Township,  Yardley Borough, and Tullytown Borough. For the 2019-2020 school year, there were 10,257 students enrolled in the district with a final budget of $216,719,362. There was a total of 1,580 administrative, professional and support staff.
Moorella (fungus)
Moorella is a genus of saprophytic fungi within the Ascomycota (it has been originally classified within the former taxa Dematiaceae, Helicosporae). It is named Moorella in honour of mycologist Royall T. Moore, because of his contributions to Helicosporae.

Moorella speciosa is the type species of this genus, an anamorph fungus that has been collected growing on dead bark in Nizamabad, India.

The GBIF also list;

Moorella heterospora P.N.Singh & S.K.Singh

Moorella monocephala Matsush.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Sprung cart
Sprung cart and unsprung cart are terms used mainly in Britain and Australia to denote a utilitarian type of two-wheeled horse-drawn cart, and indicating whether or not springs were used to support the body of the cart.

Carriage Association of America
The Carriage Association of America (CAA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the history and traditions of carriage driving, and the preservation and restoration of horse-drawn carriages and sleighs. It is headquartered at the Kentucky Horse Park along with its sister organization, the Carriage Museum of America (CMA).
National Service Programme
landmark 4°42′44″N 115°06′38″E﻿ / ﻿4.7123527°N 115.1106571°E﻿ / 4.7123527; 115.1106571

The National Service Programme, (Malay: Program Khidmat Bakti Negara - PKBN), is the voluntary national service programme in Brunei Darussalam for youth citizens aged 16 to 21.  The programme lasts three months, and engagement is voluntary.  The programme started in December 2011 (2011-12), as a pilot study, and was made permanent in 2014.  It is managed by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports.

Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations.

Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically.
Arrondissement of Dax
The arrondissement of Dax is an arrondissement of France in the Landes department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 152 communes. Its population is 237,445 (2021), and its area is 3,194.2 km2 (1,233.3 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
Allan The Ridge MacDonald (1794 Allt an t-Srathain, Lochaber, Scotland – 1 April 1868 Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada) was a bard, traditional singer, and seanchaidh who emigrated from the Gàidhealtachd of Scotland to Nova Scotia in 1816. He continued to compose Gaelic poetry on his two separate homesteads in Canada and remains a highly important figure in both Scottish Gaelic literature and in that of Canadian Gaelic. He is also, along with John The Bard MacLean, one of only two 19th-century North American Gaelic poets from whom a sizeable repertoire survives.

Bard
In Celtic cultures, a bard is an oral repository and professional story teller, verse-maker, music composer, oral historian and genealogist, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or chieftain) to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.

With the decline of a living bardic tradition in the modern period, the term has loosened to mean a generic minstrel or author (especially a famous one). For example, William Shakespeare and Rabindranath Tagore are respectively known as "the Bard of Avon" (often simply "the Bard") and "the Bard of Bengal". In 16th-century Scotland, it turned into a derogatory term for an itinerant musician; nonetheless it was later romanticised by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832).
Buenos Aires wines
The Buenos Aires Province has become a producer of premium wines during the first decade of the 21st century. Vineyards are located at the southern part of the province, specially around Médanos. The activity was pioneered in lands previously dedicated to garlic and pastures.  Wine from Médanos won a Silver Medal in the 2009 Decanter World Wine Awards, the world's largest wine contest celebrated in London.

Terroir
Terroir (/tɛrˈwɑːr/; French: [tɛʁwaʁ] ⓘ; from terre, lit. 'lands') is a French term used to describe the environmental factors that affect a crop's phenotype, including unique environment contexts, farming practices and a crop's specific growth habitat. Collectively, these contextual characteristics are said to have a character; terroir also refers to this character.

Some artisanal crops and foods for which terroir may apply include wine, cheese, coffee, single malt whisky, onions, and tea.

Terroir is the basis of the French wine appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) system, which is a model for wine appellation and regulation in France and around the world. The AOC system presumes that the land from which the grapes are grown imparts a unique quality that is specific to that growing site (the plants' habitat). The extent of terroir's significance is debated in the wine industry.
Egyptian Judges' Club
The Egyptian Judges' Club (Nadi al Quda) was founded in Cairo, Egypt in 1939, primarily as a social club for judges.  It is not formally registered as a professional association, as that would place it under the jurisdiction of Egypt's Ministry of Social Affairs and limit its independence, an outcome the club's members aim to avoid.  It considers itself and acts as the de facto representative of Egypt's judges, and has a history of speaking out in favor of judicial independence and political democracy.

Any member of the Egyptian judiciary and any Egyptian prosecutor can join it.  It has over 9,000 members, including over 90% of Egyptian judges.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.