hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ekai Kawaguchi
Ekai Kawaguchi (河口慧海, Kawaguchi Ekai) (February 26, 1866 – February 24, 1945) was a Japanese Buddhist monk who was famed for his four journeys to Nepal (in 1899, 1903, 1905 and 1913) and two to Tibet (July 4, 1900–June 15, 1902, 1913–1915). He was the first recorded Japanese citizen to travel to either country.

Japanese nationality law
The primary law governing nationality of Japan is the 1950 Nationality Law, which came into force on July 1, 1950.

Children born to at least one Japanese parent are generally automatically nationals at birth. Birth in Japan does not by itself entitle a child to Japanese nationality, except when a child would otherwise be stateless. Foreign nationals may acquire citizenship by naturalization after living in the country for at least five years and renouncing any previous nationalities.
Dillia, Missouri
Dillia is an extinct town in Ozark County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place. However, the location coordinates place it within the waters of Bull Shoals Lake on the Barren Fork Branch of the Little North Fork White River, approximately four miles south-southeast of the Hammond mill site and four miles northeast of Theodosia.

A post office called Dillia was established in 1891, and remained in operation until 1912. The community, also spelled "Dellia", was named after Dellia Kyle, the daughter of an early settler.

Hammond, Missouri
Hammond is an unincorporated community in Ozark County, Missouri, United States. It is located at the intersection of two county roads on the Little North Fork of the White River, approximately twelve miles northwest of Gainesville and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) southeast of Thornfield.

A post office called Hammond was established in 1894, and remained in operation until 1975. Some say the community has the name of the local Hammond family, allegedly the original owners of the town site, while others believe it is unknown why the name "Hammond" was selected.

Hammond is the site of the historic Hammond Mill. The mill was built in 1907 and served as a gristmill until around 1940. The mill has since been restored as a private residence. The townsite lies on the northeast side of a 1,300 feet (400 m) wide stream floodplain at an elevation of 744 feet (227 m) some 200 feet below the adjacent ridge tops.
Presidential Park
The Presidential Park (Kazakh: Президенттік саябақ, romanized: Prezidenttık saiabaq; Russian: Президентский парк, romanized: Prezidentskyy park) is one of the largest urban parks in Astana. Built in 2008 at the 10th anniversary of the Capital City Day, it is located right behind the Ak Orda Presidential Palace and across the Ishim river. It is the site of the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation with flower beds and trees occupying most of the territory. From the north side the park is bordered by Baitursynov Street and from the south by Najimedenov Street.

The park is surrounded by multi-story residential buildings and it's artificial stream with fountains is shaped as the Simurgh, a bird symbol of Kazakhstan's independence.

Ishim (river)
The Ishim (Russian: Ишим, IPA: [ɪˈʂɨm]; Kazakh: Есіл, romanized: Esıl, IPA: [jesɪ́l]) is a river running through Kazakhstan and Russia. It is 2,450 kilometres (1,520 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 177,000 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi). Its average discharge is 56.3 cubic metres per second (1,990 cu ft/s). It is a left tributary of the Irtysh. The Ishim is partly navigable in its lower reaches. The upper course of the Ishim passes through Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. In Russia, the course of the river travels through a vast marshland, and has countless meanders and oxbow lakes. The river freezes from late November until March.
Alan Voorhees
Alan Manners Voorhees (December 17, 1922 – December 18, 2005) was an American transportation engineer and urban planner who designed many large public works in the United States and elsewhere. Voorhees was born in Highland Park, New Jersey.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (/rɛnsəˈlɪər/ ren-sə-LEER; RPI) is a private research university in Troy, New York, United States. It is the oldest technological university in the English-speaking world and the Western Hemisphere. It was established in 1824 by Stephen Van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton for the "application of science to the common purposes of life".

Built on a hillside, RPI's 265-acre (107 ha) campus overlooks the city of Troy and the Hudson River. The institute operates an on‑campus business incubator and the 1,250-acre (510 ha) Rensselaer Technology Park.

RPI is organized into six main schools which contain 37 departments, with emphasis on science and technology. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities: Very High Research Activity".
Globe Theatre (Newcastle Street)
The Globe was a Victorian theatre built in 1868 and demolished in 1902. It was the third of five London theatres to bear the name, following Shakespeare’s Bankside house, which closed in 1642, and the former Rotunda Theatre in Blackfriars Road, which for a few years from 1833 was renamed the Globe. The new theatre was also known at various times as the Royal Globe Theatre or Globe Theatre Royal. Its repertoire consisted mainly of comedies and musical shows.

The theatre's most famous production was Charley's Aunt by Brandon Thomas, which enjoyed a record-setting run there, having transferred from the Royalty Theatre. Other long-running pieces included the opéra-comique The Chimes of Normandy (1878) and the farce The Private Secretary (1884).

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
Eight-hour day movement
The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement that appeared in various countries to regulate the length of a working day. The goal was preventing excesses and abuses of working time.

The modern movement originated in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. At that time, the working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, the work week was typically six days, and child labour was common. Since the 19th century, the eight-hour workday has been gradually adopted in various countries and industries, with widespread adoption occurring in the first half of the 20th century.

Rowan Cahill
Rowan Cahill is an Australian historian and journalist, with a background as a teacher and farmhand, who variously worked for the trade union movement as a rank and file activist, delegate and publicist.
Cyvirus cyprinidallo1
Cyvirus cyprinidallo1, also known as Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Cyprinivirus, family Alloherpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.

CyHV1 causes carp pox, also known as epithelioma papillosum in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Cases of CyHV1 are found worldwide and the observed symptoms as a result of infection are both systemic and highly lethal. Evaluations of virus production in relation to temperature demonstrated temperature’s influence on pathogenicity and replication. This, combined with CyHV1’s high mortality rate, may have implications on the common carp population as water temperatures warm with increasing global temperatures.

Viral replication
Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells.  Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur.  Through the generation of abundant copies of its genome and packaging these copies, the virus continues infecting new hosts.  Replication between viruses is greatly varied and depends on the type of genes involved in them. Most DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus while most RNA viruses develop solely in cytoplasm.
Listed buildings in Bowdon, Greater Manchester
Bowdon is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It contains 33 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. Bowdon originated as a village in a rural environment, and grew during the 19th century as a commuter town for Manchester, attracting wealthy merchants who built substantial houses. The oldest listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings, and houses and cottages clustered around the church, and the later ones include some of the larger houses. The other listed buildings include the church and associated structures, a public house, a drinking fountain, and a war memorial.

Drinking fountain
A drinking fountain, also called a water fountain or bubbler, is a fountain designed to provide drinking water. It consists of a basin with either continuously running water or a tap. The drinker bends down to the stream of water and swallows water directly from the stream. Modern indoor drinking fountains may incorporate filters to remove impurities from the water and chillers to lower its temperature. Drinking fountains are usually found in public places, like schools, rest areas, libraries, and grocery stores.

Drinking fountains are an important source of clean water in urban infrastructure. Many jurisdictions require drinking fountains to be wheelchair accessible (by sticking out horizontally from the wall), and to include an additional unit of a lower height for children and short adults. The design that this replaced often had one spout atop a refrigeration unit.
Samuel P. Jackson
Samuel P. Jackson (February 5, 1818 in Manchester, England – July 27, 1885 in Brooklyn, New York, United States) was an American organist and composer. His father, James Jackson, was an organ builder; his family immigrated to the United States in 1825, where Samuel learned his father's trade. Jackson's music teachers were Moran (piano) and Thornton (harmonium). From 1830—42 he played the organ at St. Clement's Church; at St. Bartholomew from 1842–61; later at Christ Church, Church of the Ascension, and the Anthon Memorial Church. He was a well-known teacher of piano, organ, and harmonium. For many years he was music-proof reader to G. Schirmer, New York. Besides a variety of vocal sacred music, he published Gems for the Organ and four books of very popular Organ-Voluntaries.

G. Schirmer, Inc.
G. Schirmer, Inc. is an American classical music publishing company based in New York City, founded in 1861. The oldest active music publisher in the United States, Schirmer publishes sheet music for sale and rental, and represents some well-known European music publishers in North America, such as the Music Sales Affiliates ChesterNovello, Breitkopf & Härtel, Sikorski and many Russian and former Soviet composers' catalogs.
Virginia Marí
Virginia Marí Rennesson (October 1962 – 6 June 2023) was a Spanish politician, fisheries inspector, marketer, and public relations manager. She served as the mayor of the city of Ibiza from 2014 to 2015 and a regional deputy in the Parliament of the Balearic Islands, representing Ibiza, from May 2019 until May 2023.

Marí, who became Ibiza's first fisheries inspector, created the Peix Nostrum brand of sustainable seafood in 2008, which specifically identifies fish caught by the Fishermen's Associations of Ibiza and Sant Antoni (las Cofradías de Pescadores de Ibiza y Sant Antoni) in the waters surrounding Ibiza.

Sustainable seafood
Sustainable seafood is seafood that is caught or farmed in ways that consider the long-term vitality of harvested species and the well-being of the oceans, as well as the livelihoods of fisheries-dependent communities. It was first promoted through the sustainable seafood movement which began in the 1990s. This operation highlights overfishing and environmentally destructive fishing methods. Through a number of initiatives, the movement has increased awareness and raised concerns over the way our seafood is obtained.

Sustainable seafood is from either fished or farmed sources that can maintain or increase production in the future without jeopardizing the ecosystems from which it was acquired. The sustainable seafood movement has gained momentum as more people become aware of both overfishing and environmentally destructive fishing methods. Fish farming can also have negative environmental effects, such as the destruction of natural wetlands and marine pollution.
BookTrust
BookTrust is a UK children's reading charity dedicated to getting children reading.

The charity works across England, Wales and Northern Ireland – its head office is in Leeds, England.

BookTrust was founded in 1921 by Hugh Walpole, Stanley Unwin, Maurice Marston and Harold Macmillan.

The Queen is BookTrust's patron. In 2011, she took over the role from the Duke of Edinburgh who stood down after a number of years. BookTrust's president is Sir Michael Morpurgo, the award-winning author of over 120 books for children, including War Horse. The charity's chief executive is Diana Gerald, who took over from Viv Bird in early 2015.

War Horse (novel)
War Horse is a British war novel by Michael Morpurgo. It was first published in Great Britain by Kaye & Ward in 1982. The story recounts the experiences of Joey, a horse bought by the Army for service in World War I in France and the attempts of 15-year-old Albert, his previous owner, to bring him safely home. It formed the basis of both an award-winning play (2007) and an acclaimed film adaptation (2011) by Steven Spielberg. The novel is often considered one of Morpurgo's best works, and its success spawned a sequel titled Farm Boy, which was published in October 1997.
Jehala Union
Jehala Union (Bengali: জেহালা ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Alamdanga Upazila,  in Chuadanga District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 53.35 square kilometres (20.60 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 18,230. There are 15 villages and 12 mouzas in the union.

Khulna Division
Khulna Division (Bengali: খুলনা বিভাগ) is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 22,285 km2 (8,604 sq mi) and a population of 17,416,645 at the 2022 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna District.
Vogošća
Vogošća (Cyrillic: Bогошћа) is a town and a municipality in Sarajevo Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The municipality is located about 6 kilometers north of the city of Sarajevo and is its secondary suburb, after Ilidža. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 10,568 inhabitants, with 26,343 inhabitants in the municipality.

Sarajevo Canton
The Sarajevo Canton (Bosnian: Kanton Sarajevo; Croatian: Sarajevska županija; Serbian: Сарајевски кантон) is a federated state and one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its cantonal seat is the city of Sarajevo, also the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The canton is bordered by Republika Srpska to the north and east, Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde to the southeast, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the south and southwest, and Central Bosnia Canton to the west.

The Canton represents the metro area of Sarajevo. It contains 97% of the city's population, but a much smaller percentage of the official land area. The majority of the population is Bosniak (83.8%).
19th century in fashion
The nineteenth century marks the period beginning January 1, 1801, and ends December 31, 1900.

It was a period of dramatic change and rapid socio-cultural advancement, where society and culture are constantly changing with advancement of time.

The technology, art, politics, and culture of the 19th century were strongly reflected in the styles and silhouettes of the era's clothing.

For women, fashion was an extravagant and extroverted display of the female silhouette with corset pinched waistlines, bustling full-skirts that flowed in and out of trend and decoratively embellished gowns. For men, three piece suits were tailored for usefulness in business as well as sporting activity.

The fashion in this article includes styles from the 19th century through a Western context – namely Europe and North America.

Embellishment
In sewing and crafts, an embellishment is anything that adds design interest to the piece.

Embellishments allow individuals to express their personal style and identity. Clothing can be a form of self-expression, and the choice of embellishments can communicate one's personality, taste, and cultural background.
2014 Melanesian Super Cup
The 2014 Melanesian Super Cup was the inaugural edition of the Melanesian Super Cup. The matches were played at the Port Vila Municipal Stadium in Port Vila, with tournament was played in round-robin format.

Port Vila Municipal Stadium
Port Vila Municipal Stadium is a sports stadium located in Port Vila, Vanuatu. It is the main stadium for the Port Vila Football Association's TVL League and it is the home of OFC Professional League club Vanuatu United
Truly, Madly, Deeply Vale
Truly, Madly, Deeply Vale is a 2004 television documentary produced by David Nolan for Granada Television, about the history of the Deeply Vale Festivals which ran from 1976 to 1979 in the North West of England. The programme makers tracked down many of the musicians who played there, including Mark E. Smith of the Fall, Steve Hillage and Vini Reilly of the Durutti Column. The hour-long programme is an elaborate pastiche of the film Woodstock and is largely presented in split-screen. It follows the efforts of festival organisers as they attempted a Glastonbury for the north, while the British musical landscape was changing from progressive rock to punk. It was narrated by Bob Harris, former presenter of The Old Grey Whistle Test, and has since been released on DVD in a much extended form as the 3 hours plus the Deeply Vale Festivals DVD.

Vini Reilly
Vincent Gerard "Vini" Reilly (born 4 August 1953) is an English musician and leader of the post-punk group the Durutti Column. He is known for his distinctively clean, fluid guitar style, which stood out from his punk-era contemporaries in its incorporation of jazz, folk, and classical elements. In addition to his work under that group, Reilly also collaborated with artists such as Morrissey, John Cooper Clarke, Pauline Murray, Anne Clark, and others.
Robert Taylor (New Zealand cricketer)
Robert Taylor (1835 – 30 October 1901) was a New Zealand cricketer who played two matches of first-class cricket for Canterbury in 1864 and 1869. He bowled the first delivery in New Zealand first-class cricket.

Taylor opened the bowling for Canterbury in the match against Otago in January 1864 that is now recognised as the first first-class match in New Zealand. He took 6 for 21 in the first innings and 2 for 23 in the second, but Canterbury nevertheless lost by 78 runs.

He died at his home in the small town of Sefton, north of Christchurch, on 30 October 1901, survived by his wife Jeanie.

Canterbury cricket team
Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.
Phil Knight Invitational
The Phil Knight Invitational is a college basketball event held in Portland, Oregon to celebrate Nike co-founder Phil Knight. There have been three different events held, most recently in November 2022. The event has been held at the Moda Center and Veterans Memorial Coliseum in the Rose Quarter.

Rose Quarter
The Rose Quarter is a 30-acre (12-hectare) sports and entertainment district located in Portland's Lloyd District on the east bank of the Willamette River, just east of downtown.  The Rose Quarter is bounded on the west by NE Interstate Avenue, on the north by NE Broadway and NE Weidler Streets, on the east by Interstate 5, and on the south by NE Holladay Street.  The site contains two multipurpose arenas, the Moda Center and the Memorial Coliseum.  Nearby landmarks include the Steel and Broadway bridges, the Oregon Convention Center, and the Eastbank Esplanade.
Harrisburg Heat (1991–2003)
The Harrisburg Heat were an American professional indoor soccer team based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The team was part of the National Professional Soccer League, which later became the Major Indoor Soccer League, and has been defunct since 2003.

Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008)
The Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) was the top professional indoor soccer league in the United States. The league was a member of the United States Soccer Federation. The MISL had replaced the NPSL which folded in 2001. According to MISL.net, the league ceased operations as of May 31, 2008. "We are considering structural changes that will bring us greater efficiencies, while also allowing long term growth and expansion of the League", said John Hantz, former Chairman of the MISL, and Owner/Operator of the Detroit Ignition. All the teams from MISL went to the new indoor leagues: NISL, MASL and  the XSL.  The NISL and XSL used the same playing rules as the MISL.
Robert Dawson (bishop)
Robert Dawson was an Anglican bishop in Ireland in the 17th century.  He was born in Kendal, England, in 1589 and was educated at Sedbergh School, Sedbergh.  He graduated from St. John's College, Cambridge in 1609 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and in 1612 with a Master of Arts (M.A.).  The Rt. Rev. Robert Dawson was appointed Chaplain to Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland, the Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1622.  He became Dean of Dromore on 9 July 1623 and Dean of Down on 25 November 1623.  After Roland Lynch died in 1625 the See of Clonfert was united with that of Kilmacduagh and Dawson was its inaugural incumbent, he served from 4 May 1627 until his death on 13 April 1643.

Dean of Down
The Dean of Down is based in The Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, Downpatrick within the Diocese of Down and Dromore of the Church of Ireland.

The current incumbent is T. Henry Hull.
Michael of Chernigov
Mikhail Vsevolodovich (c. 1185 – 20 September 1246), known as Michael or Michael of Chernigov, was Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–1239; 1241–1243); he was also Prince of Pereyaslavl (1206), Novgorod-Seversk (1219–1226), Chernigov (1223–1235; 1242–1246), Novgorod (1225–1226; 1229–1230), and Galicia (1235–1236). He was canonized as a saint in the Christian Church.

Prince of Novgorod-Seversk
Prince of Novgorod-Seversk was the kniaz , the ruler or sub-ruler, of the Principality of Novgorod-Seversk. It may have been created in 1139, the date of one modern authority, and is most famous for Igor Sviatoslavich, hero of the Old East Slavic Tale of Igor's Campaign.
Simon Barr
Simon Barr (born 12 September 1985) is a German lightweight rower.

Barr was educated at Eastbourne College, where he was introduced to rowing. He studied Chemistry at Durham University and competed in lightweight rowing with the Durham University Boat Club. He represented Great Britain at the 2006 World University Rowing Championships.

Later switching nationality to Germany, he won the gold medal at the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam with the lightweight men's eight.

Lightweight rowing
Lightweight rowing (abbreviated Lwt or Lt) is a category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of competitors. According to the International Rowing Federation (FISA), this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people".

At the international level, for crew boats, the limits are:

Men: Crew average 70 kg (154.3 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb)

Women: Crew average 57 kg (125.7 lb) – no rower over 59 kg (130.1 lb)

For single sculls, the limits are 72.5 kg (159.8 lb) for men and 59 kg (130.1 lb) for women.