hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of the Duchy of Teschen
The flag of the Duchy of Teschen (Polish: Księstwo Cieszyńskie; Czech: Těšínské knížectví) was established in 2016 through the initiative of regional history enthusiasts in cooperation with the prominent Polish heraldic and vexillologist Alfred Znamierowski. The flag refers to the coat of arms and the historical banners of the Duchy of Teschen. The modern flag is an expression of respect for the history and tradition of the Duchy of Teschen, and also part of the different identities of the present inhabitants of the Cieszyn Silesia towards Lower and Upper Silesia.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
William Forbes Raymond
William Forbes Raymond (born William Forbes) was Archdeacon of Northumberland from 1842 to 1853.

The only son of Lieutenant-Colonel William Forbes, Deputy Adjutant-General to the Forces in Ireland, he was educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was Rector of Strethall before his Archdeacon's appointment; and died in retirement on 21 March 1860.

Charterhouse School
Charterhouse is a private school providing boarding facilities for pupils aged 13–18 in Godalming, Surrey, England. Founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 1000 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years. Charterhouse is one of the original nine English public schools reported upon by the Clarendon Commission in 1864 leading to its regulation by the Public Schools Act 1868.

Charterhouse charges full boarders around £48,038.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026), alongside charging day pupils around £37,418.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026) . It educated the British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool and has numerous notable alumni.
Ernest Sykes (cricketer)
Ernest Castle Sykes (31 May 1869 — 30 November 1925) was an English first-class cricketer.

Sykes was born at Sheffield in May 1869. He made one appearance in first-class cricket as a wicket-keeper for Hampshire against the touring Australians at Southampton in 1896. Batting twice in the match at number eleven, he made two unbeaten scores of 0 and 5. In later life, Sykes worked in the mining industry in Derbyshire, where he was employed as a traffic superintendent at Bolsover colliery. Skyes died suddenly while shaving at his Bolsover residence on 30 November 1925. His son, Eric, was also a first-class cricketer.

Bolsover
Bolsover is a market town and the administrative centre of the Bolsover District, Derbyshire, England. It is 18 miles (29 km) from Sheffield, 26 miles (42 km) from Nottingham and 27 miles (43 km) from Derby. It is the main town in the Bolsover district.

The civil parish for the town is called Old Bolsover. It includes the town and the New Bolsover model village, along with Hillstown, Carr Vale,
Shuttlewood, Stanfree, Oxcroft, and Whaley. Its population at the 2011 UK Census was 11,673.

Bolsover, along with several nearby villages, is situated in the north-east of the county of Derbyshire. It is the main town in the District of Bolsover, which is an electoral constituency and part of Derbyshire.

Bolsover sought city status in the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours, but the bid was unsuccessful.
2016 Critérium International
The 2016 Critérium International was the 85th edition of the Critérium International cycling stage race. It took place on the island of Corsica, around the city of Porto Vecchio. As the previous three editions, the race consisted of three stages, two on the first race day (including a short individual time trial) and one on the second day. Thibaut Pinot of FDJ won the race and two stages, including his first ever win in an individual time trial. The race was overshadowed by the death of Belgian cyclist Daan Myngheer (Roubaix–Métropole Européenne de Lille), who suffered a heart attack during the opening stage of the race and was taken to hospital, where he died.

Van Rysel–Roubaix
Van Rysel–Roubaix is a French UCI Continental cycling team founded in 2007. For the 2019 season, the team secured additional sponsorship from Natura4Ever, which was later rebranded as Xelliss in 2021.

Van Rysel has been a title sponsor since 2023.
Topčider
Topčider (Serbian Cyrillic: Топчидер; pronounced [tɔ̝̌pt͡ʃide̞r]) is a forest park and an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is divided between the municipalities of Čukarica, Rakovica and Savski Venac. Being close to downtown, it is one of the major locations for relaxation, picnics and fresh air for the citizens of Belgrade.

As a result of the 1923 Belgrade's general plan, where one of the main projects regarding the green areas was forestation of the area between Topčider and the city, a continuous green area Senjak-Topčidersko Brdo-Hajd Park-Topčider-Košutnjak was formed by the 1930s. This continuous forested area makes the largest "green massif" in the immediate vicinity of Belgrade's urban tissue.

Nobelist author Ivo Andrić wrote: "You just hang on to Topčider and Košutnjak...Topčider is my favorite place, where I ate bread and drank wine in the sweetest and calmest manner".

Urban forest
An urban forest is a forest, or a grove of trees, that grow within a city, town or a suburb. In a wider sense, it may include any kind of woody plant vegetation growing in and around human settlements.

As opposed to a forest park, whose ecosystems are also inherited from wilderness leftovers, urban forests often lack amenities like public bathrooms, paved paths, or sometimes clear borders which are distinct features of parks. Care and management of urban forests is called urban forestry. Urban forests can be privately and publicly owned. Some municipal forests may be located outside of the town or city to which they belong.
Hutchison's Meadow
Hutchison's Meadow is a one hectare nature reserve in Melton in Suffolk. It is owned and managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust.

This is mixture of wet and dry grassland. It has diverse flowering plants such as southern marsh orchid, common fleabane and ragged robin in wet areas, and yellow rattle and bulbous buttercup in drier ones.

There is no public access to the site.

Silene flos-cuculi
Silene flos-cuculi (syn. Lychnis flos-cuculi), the ragged-robin, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to Eurasia and Siberia  and has been introduced to North America.
68th Bodil Awards
The 68th Bodil Awards were held on 28 February 2015 in the Bremen Theater in Copenhagen, Denmark, honouring the best national and foreign films of 2014.

On 4 February 2015 it was announced that Danish American actor Viggo Mortensen would receive the 2015 Bodil Honorary Award.

Silent Heart directed by Bille August became the big winner at the Awards: It won the Best Danish Film Award, Augusts's third, and 27 years since he won his second Bodil for Pelle the Conqueror in 1988. 29-year-old Danica Curcic won her first Bodil Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role as little sister Sanne in the film, while Pilou Asbæk took home his second Bodil statuette for Best Actor in a Supporting Role as Sanne's hash fuming boyfriend. Danish Film Critics Association in collaboration with the Danish Writers Guild had instituted a new award for Best Screenplay, which went to Christian Torpe also for Silent Heart.

Danish Writers Guild
Danish Writers Guild (Danish: Danske Dramatikere, literally: Danish Dramatists) is a trade union for playwrights and screenwriters in theatre, radio, television and film, and for translators of drama and librettists.

The Guild was founded 9 March 1906 as Danske Dramatikeres Forbund (Danish Dramatists' Union) at the initiative of playwright Emma Gad with the aim of serving the dramatists the copyright that had been secured by the Berne Convention from 1886 which Denmark joined in the 1903.

Danish Writers Guild is both a member of Nordic Writers Guild, whose main purpose is to support Nordic playwrights' rights and fulfil their general economic interests globally, and of Fédération des Scénaristes d'Europe (Federation of European Screen Writers).

The Guild today has more than 300 members.
2010 Status Athens Open – Doubles
Rameez Junaid and Philipp Marx were the defending champions; however, they chose not to participate this year.
Rik de Voest and Lu Yen-hsun defeated 6–3, 6–4 Robin Haase and Igor Sijsling in the final.

Lu Yen-hsun
Lu Yen-hsun (Chinese: 盧彥勳; born 14 August 1983) is a Taiwanese tennis coach and a former player, who goes by the nickname Rendy Lu.
He won the most titles on the ATP Challenger Tour in tennis history. His favorite surface is hardcourt, though several of his ATP Tour career highlights came on grass, including reaching the quarterfinals of the 2010 Wimbledon Championships.
East Papuan languages
The East Papuan languages is a defunct proposal for a family of Papuan languages spoken on the islands to the east of New Guinea, including New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, and the Santa Cruz Islands. There is no evidence that these languages are related to each other, and the Santa Cruz languages are no longer recognized as Papuan.

All but two of the starred languages below (Yélî Dnye and Sulka) make a gender distinction in their pronouns. Several of the heavily Papuanized Austronesian languages of New Britain do as well. This suggests a pre-Austronesian language area in the region.

Yele language
The Yele language, or Yélî Dnye (IPA: [ˈjelɯ ʈɳʲɛ]), is the language of Rossel Island, the easternmost island in the Louisiade Archipelago off the eastern tip of Papua New Guinea. There were an estimated 5,000 speakers in 2015, comprising the entire ethnic population. It is known for its many doubly articulated consonants. The language remains unclassified by linguists.
Adelung
Adelung is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Friedrich von Adelung (1768–1843), German-Russian linguist, historian and bibliographer

Johann Christoph Adelung (1732–1806), German grammarian and philologist

Friedrich von Adelung
Friedrich von Adelung (February 25, 1768 – January 30, 1843) was a German-Russian linguist, historian and bibliographer. His best known works are in the fields of bibliography of Sanskrit language and the European accounts of the Time of Troubles in Russia.
Syed Modi Railway Stadium
Syed Modi Railway Stadium is a cricket stadium in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The ground has hosted two Ranji matches when home team Railways cricket team played against Vidarbha cricket team in 1982. Again the stadium was used in 1983 when home team Railways cricket team played against Rajasthan cricket team.
The stadium was established and governed by Indian Railways and was named as Railway Stadium. But later it was named after former Indian badminton player Syed Modi.

Vidarbha cricket team
The Vidarbha cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team plays in the India's domestic first-class cricket competition Ranji Trophy and limited-overs Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. It represents the Vidarbha region of eastern Maharashtra. In December 2017, they reached the final of the Ranji Trophy for the first time in their history, after they beat Karnataka by 5 runs in the semi-finals of the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy tournament. In the final, they beat Delhi by 9 wickets to win their first Ranji Trophy. In the 2018-19 Ranji Trophy, Vidarbha successfully defended the crown by defeating Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final played at Nagpur. They won the third title in 2024-25 Ranji Trophy season.
Mandali Puja
Mandali Puja is a celebration in Chimkhola and nearby villages in the Dhawalagiri Zone of west-central Nepal. It is celebrated annually on a Tuesday in the month of Mangsir (the eighth month of the Nepalese calendar), after the Marghashirsha (the first month of winter) Sukla Pratipada with a black she-goat (if possible). It may also be observed individually throughout the year on Ujjali (Tuesday) of any month. Mandali Puja is observed to appeal for a cure from illness, relief of misfortune, and success in foreign travel. Women who wish to become doctors believe that if they make an offering, 75% of them will be successful. The offering was originally a goat, but since 2025 BS (1968 AD) a pair of pigeons are also used. A comb, thread, ribbon, mirror and a sari are offered to the goddess. She is believed to be very powerful, so she is worshipped by people from different places.

Chimkhola
Chimkhola (Nepali: चीमखोला) is a village in Myagdi District in Gandaki Province of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1456 people living in 270 individual households.
Janet Yee
Janet Yee (1934 – 25 October 2019) was a Singaporean woman involved in social work and advocacy of children's rights. She played a leading role in getting the abandoned children their rights as citizens of Singapore. She was one of 11 women inducted to Singapore Women's Hall of Fame in 2015.

Singapore Women's Hall of Fame
The Singapore Women's Hall of Fame is a virtual hall of fame that honors and documents the lives of historically significant women in Singapore. The hall is the creation of the Singapore Council of Women's Organisations (SCWO), and grew out of an earlier nine-member wall of fame that the organization created in 2005.
Tai Hom Village
Tai Hom Village (Chinese: 大磡村) was the largest squatter village in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Its demolition was completed in 2001, though a few historically significant structures were preserved. The name is still used to designate its former site in Wong Tai Sin District, which is awaiting redevelopment.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Cutthroat Kitchen
Cutthroat Kitchen is an American cooking show hosted by Alton Brown that aired on the Food Network from August 11, 2013 to July 19, 2017. It features four chefs competing in a three-round elimination cooking competition.  The contestants face auctions in which they can purchase opportunities to sabotage one another. Each chef is given $25,000 at the start of the show; the person left standing keeps whatever money they have not spent in the auctions. The show ended on its 15th season in July 2017. The series shares some basic elements with other four-chef, three-round elimination-style competitions on Food Network including Chopped and Guy's Grocery Games. Numerous Cutthroat Kitchen contestants have competed on these shows.

Cooking show
A cooking show, cookery show, or cooking program (also spelled cooking programme in British English) is a television genre that presents food preparation, often in a restaurant kitchen or on a studio set, or at the host's personal home.  Typically the show's host, often a celebrity chef, prepares one or more dishes over the course of an episode, taking the viewing audience through the food's inspiration, preparation, and stages of cooking.

Cooking shows have been a popular staple of daytime TV programming since the earliest days of television. They are generally very inexpensive to produce, making them an economically easy way for a TV station to fill a half-hour (or sometimes 60-minute) time slot. A number of cooking shows have run for many seasons, especially when they are sponsored by local TV stations or by public broadcasting.  Many of the more popular cooking shows have had flamboyant hosts whose unique personalities have made them into celebrities.
2015–16 Northern Premier League
The 2015–16 season is the 48th season of the Northern Premier League Premier Division, and the ninth season of the Northern Premier League Division One North and South.

The league sponsor for 2015–16 was Evo-Stik.

Hyde United F.C.
Hyde United Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Hyde, Greater Manchester, England, formed in 1919.

The team's strip is red shirts and black shorts and their home ground is the 4,250 capacity Ewen Fields, known as Project Solar Stadium for sponsorship reasons. Hyde United's record attendance was in 1952 when 7,600 spectators attended a game against Nelson. The club's all-time leading goalscorer is Pete O'Brien who scored 247 goals.
Sound Theories Vol. I & II
Sound Theories Vol. I & II is a 2007 album by American guitarist Steve Vai. The album was recorded with the Metropole Orchestra in Netherlands in mid-2004/2005 and released on June 26, 2007.

Volume I features Vai playing guitar with the orchestra, which has itself earned worldwide acclaim by backing artists ranging from Mike Keneally, Terry Bozzio, Tony Bennett and Natalie Cole to Nancy Wilson and the Yellowjackets. Volume II features the Orchestra performing compositions written by Vai, including "Shadows and Sparks" and "Bledsoe Bluvd."

Mike Keneally
Michael Joseph Keneally (born December 20, 1961) is an American guitarist, keyboardist, vocalist and composer. Keneally leads his own band, and is also known for a stint with Frank Zappa and for extensive work as a session musician with a range of performers.
Veratrum insolitum
Veratrum insolitum is a species of false hellebore, a type of plant closely related to the lily. Its common name is Siskiyou false hellebore. It is native to the northwestern United States: Washington (Klickitat County), western Oregon, and northwestern California as far south as Trinity County.

Veratrum insolitum is a stout, hollow-stemmed perennial growing from a thick rhizome in the clay soil of wet evergreen forests. The erect cornstalk-shaped plant bears several large green elliptical leaves decreasing in size higher up on the grayish stem. The large panicle inflorescence is packed with many off-white hairy flowers each just under a centimeter wide. There are six fringed tepals and six stout stamens, each with a club-shaped yellow anther. The fruit is a capsule 2 to 3 centimeters long which contains large winged seeds.

Trinity County, California
Trinity County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of California. Trinity County is rugged, mountainous, heavily forested, and lies along the Trinity River (for which it is named) within the Salmon, Klamath Mountains, as well as a portion of the Scott, Trinity, and North Yolla Bolly Mountains. It is also one of three counties in California with no incorporated cities (the other two counties in California with that distinction are Alpine and Mariposa counties).

As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,112, making it the fifth least-populous county in California, and the least-populous of California's 27 original counties. The county seat and largest community is Weaverville.
SaltMod
SaltMod is computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge (hydrology) in irrigated agricultural lands, using different (geo)hydrologic conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several cropping rotation schedules.
The water management options include irrigation, drainage, and the use of subsurface drainage water from pipe drains, ditches or wells for irrigation.

Stochastic
Stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/; from Ancient Greek  στόχος (stókhos) 'aim, guess') is the property of being well-described by a random probability distribution. Stochasticity and randomness are technically distinct concepts. Stochasticity refers to a modeling approach, while randomness describes phenomena. These terms are often used interchangeably. In probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.

Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including actuarial science, image processing, signal processing, computer science, information theory, telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics,  music, media, colour theory,  botany, manufacturing and geomorphology.
Candido del Buono
Candido del Buono (22 July 1618, Florence – 19 September 1676, Campoli) was an Italian scientific instrument maker.

Candido del Buono, a Florentine priest, attended Famiano Michelini's (1604–1665) mathematics lectures with his brother Paolo Del Buono (1625-1659). Del Buono was the Chamberlain of the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence and a member of the Accademia del Cimento, where he presented several instruments of his invention. He invented an aerometer and constructed a device to measure the density of vapor. There is no clear documentary evidence of whether he or his other brother Anton Maria Del Buono was the inventor of the arcicanna, a complex system that solved some typical problems of large telescopes in the second half of the 17th century.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Châtel-Guyon
Châtel-Guyon (French: [ʃɑtɛl ɡɥijɔ̃]; Auvergnat: Chastel Guion) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

The name Châtel-Guyon comes from Castellum Guidonis, “Guy’s Castle”, after Guy II of Auvergne, the founder of the city.
Prior to June 2008 it was officially known as Châtelguyon, the change in the official styling being an adoption of its colloquial spelling, as, for example, used by Guy de Maupassant in his 1884 short story, "Le tic".

Puy-de-Dôme
Puy-de-Dôme (French: [pɥi də dom] ⓘ; Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the centre of France. In 2021, it had a population of 662,285. Its prefecture is Clermont-Ferrand and subprefectures are Ambert, Issoire, Riom, and Thiers.

Named after the Puy de Dôme dormant volcano, its inhabitants were called Puydedomois in French until 2005. With effect from 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois; this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.