hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Politics of Luxembourg
Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the prime minister is the head of government, and the multi-party system. Executive power is under the constitution of 1868, as amended, exercised by the government, by the grand duke and the Council of Government (cabinet), which consists of a prime minister and several other ministers. Usually, the prime minister is the leader of the political party or coalition of parties having the most seats in parliament. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

Legislative power is vested in the Chamber of Deputies, elected directly to five-year terms.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Luxembourg a "full democracy" in 2022. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Luxembourg was 2023 the 9th most electoral democratic country in the world.

Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the British media company The Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports. The EIU provides country, industry, and management analysis worldwide and incorporates the former Business International Corporation, a UK company acquired by its parent company in 1986. The EIU has its main offices in four cities—London, NYC, Hong Kong and Dubai.

The Managing Director of the EIU is Leon Calvert, who was appointed in April 2025. The former MD was Robin Bew, formerly the Editorial Director and Chief Economist.
Stephen Hodges
Stephen Hodges (born February 12, 1952) is an American percussionist and composer. He is best known for his work with Mavis Staples, Tom Waits, Mike Watt, T Bone Burnett, Rick Holmstrom, and film director David Lynch.

Rick Holmstrom
Rick Holmstrom (born May 30, 1965) is an American electric blues and rhythm and blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.  Holmstrom has previously worked with William Clarke, Johnny Dyer, and Rod Piazza. He is currently the bandleader for Mavis Staples. In addition, Holmstrom has played and recorded with Jimmy Rogers, Billy Boy Arnold, Booker T. Jones, Jody Williams, and R. L. Burnside.

One critic observed of Holmstrom, "he delivers music with technical savvy and traditional stylings, without sacrificing originality and pure adventure".
Sanna Tidstrand
Sanna Tidstrand (born 1985) is a retired Swedish freestyle skier who specialized in ski cross.

She made her FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup debut in March 2003 in Les Contamines, being disqualified. She collected her first World Cup points with an 11th place in November 2003 in Saas-Fee, and toward the end of the 2003–04 World Cup circuit she managed three top-10 placements, the best being 6th in February 2004 in Naeba. The next season, in January–February 2005, she managed a 4th place in Pozza di Fassa and a 5th place in Naeba. She also finished 16th at the 2005 World Championships.

At the Winter X Games she finished 8th in 2003, won the bronze medal in 2004, the gold medal in 2005, finished 4th in 2006 and 17th in 2007. She also took up speed skiing, breaking the world speed ski record in April 2006.

She represented the sports club Sälens IF.

Mount Naeba
Mount Naeba (苗場山, Naeba-san) is a stratovolcano on the border of Nagano and Niigata prefectures in central Honshū, Japan. It is about 200 km (124 mi) from Tokyo. It was active between 200,000 and 800,000 years ago. It is primarily made of andesite. It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.

Relief map of Naeba Volcano.

Naeba Volcano seen from the east.

The wetland area of Mount Naeba.
1957 Rose Bowl
The 1957 Rose Bowl was the 43rd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Tuesday, January 1. The third-ranked Iowa Hawkeyes of the Big Ten Conference defeated the No. 10 Oregon State Beavers of the Pacific Coast Conference by a score of 35–19, in a rematch of a regular season contest in early October at Iowa City, where the home team rallied to win, 14–13.

Iowa quarterback Ken Ploen was named the  Player of the Game.

This was the first trip to Pasadena for both teams: it was Iowa's first bowl appearance and Oregon State's second. The Beavers won the Rose Bowl fifteen years earlier in January 1942, which was moved to Durham, North Carolina.

Pacific Coast Conference
The Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) was a collegiate athletic conference in the United States which existed from 1915 to 1959.  Though the Pac-12 Conference claims the PCC's history as part of its own, with eight of the ten PCC members (including all four original PCC charter members) in the Pac-12 for many years, the older league had a completely different charter and was disbanded in 1959 due to a major crisis and scandal.

Established on December 2, 1915, its four charter members were the University of California (now University of California, Berkeley), the University of Washington, the University of Oregon, and Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University).
Yunnan University
Yunnan University (YNU; 云南大学) is a provincial public university in Kunming, Yunnan, China. It is affiliated with the province of Yunnan, and co-funded by the Yunnan Provincial People's Government and the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Founded in December 1922, Yunnan University started to enroll in April 1923. It began as a privately run institution called the "University of the Eastern Land" and its name has changed six times since then. Yunnan University has also been included on the list of the key national universities for the "China Western Development" program.

China Western Development
China Western Development (西部大开发) is an economic policy applied in Western China as part of the effort to reduce imbalances in development between China's coastal regions and its interior.

The policy covers six provinces (Gansu, Guizhou, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan), five autonomous regions (Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet and Xinjiang), and one municipality (Chongqing). Despite making up 71.4% of mainland China, this region holds only 28.8% of its population (as of 2002) and 19.9% of its total economic output (as of 2015).
Jessica L. Webb
Jessica L. Webb is a Canadian writer of mystery thriller novels. Her second published novel, Pathogen, won the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery at the 29th Lambda Literary Awards in 2017, and her fourth novel, Repercussions, is a shortlisted nominee in the same category at the 30th Lambda Literary Awards in 2018.

Her novels, centring on medical investigator Dr. Kate Morrison, are published by Bold Strokes Books.

Lambda Literary Award for Mystery
The Lambda Literary Award for Mystery is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation, to a mystery novel by or about people in the LGBT community. Prior to 2021, the award was separated into separate categories for Gay and Lesbian Mystery.
Hendrik Merkus de Kock
Hendrik Merkus, Baron de Kock (25 May 1779 – 12 April 1845) was a Dutch military officer, colonial administrator and politician who served as lieutenant governor-general of the Dutch East Indies from 1826 to 1830. He also served as Minister of the Interior from 1836 to 1841.

Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (Dutch: Gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands Indië, Indonesian: Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda) represented Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia in 1949.
New Guinea woodcock
The New Guinea woodcock (Scolopax rosenbergii) is a species of bird in the family Scolopacidae formerly considered to be conspecific with the Javan woodcock and called collectively the dusky woodcock. It is native to the New Guinea Highlands.

New Guinea Highlands
The New Guinea Highlands, also known as the Central Range or Central Cordillera, is a long chain of mountain ranges on the island of New Guinea, including the island's highest peak, Puncak Jaya, Indonesia, 16,024 ft (4,884 m), the highest mountain in Oceania. The range is home to many intermountain river valleys, many of which support thriving agricultural communities. The highlands run generally east-west the length of the island, which is divided politically between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east. These mountains stretch from the Weyland Mountains starting in Wondama Bay Regency in the west to the Milne Bay Province in the east.
Miss Colombia 2005
Miss Colombia 2005, the 71st Miss Colombia pageant, was held in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on November 14, 2005, after three weeks of events.  The winner of the pageant was Valerie Dominguez Tarud, Señorita Atlántico.

The pageant was broadcast live on RCN TV from the Centro de Convenciones Julio Cesar Turbay in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, outgoing titleholder Adriana Tarud crowned Valerie Dominguez Tarud of Atlántico as the new Miss Colombia.

RCN Televisión
RCN Televisión, branded as Canal RCN (Radio Cadena Nacional) is a Colombian free-to-air television network owned by Organización Ardila Lülle. It was founded as a television production company on March 23, 1967, and officially launched as an independent channel on July 10, 1998. Its main shareholder is Carlos Ardila Lülle. It produced Yo soy Betty, la fea, one of the most successful Colombian telenovelas.
The Wound-Dresser
The Wound-Dresser is a piece for chamber orchestra and baritone singer by composer John Adams. The piece is an elegiac setting of excerpts from American poet Walt Whitman's poem "The Wound-Dresser" (1865) about his experience as a hospital volunteer during the American Civil War.

It was written for baritone singer Sanford Sylvan, who premiered it on 24 February 1989 in St Paul, Minnesota, with the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra conducted by the composer. It was subsequently recorded by the same forces for Nonesuch Records. Interpreters who have performed and recorded it since have included Thomas Hampson, Nathan Gunn, Jeremy Huw Williams, and Christopher Maltman.

In 2011, the Oregon Symphony performed and recorded the composition for Music for a Time of War.

Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra
The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra (SPCO) is an American chamber orchestra based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Its principal concert venue is the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts. In collaboration with five artistic partners, the orchestra's musicians present more than 130 concerts and educational programs each year in several venues throughout the Minneapolis/St. Paul area. The SPCO is regularly heard on American Public Media's nationally syndicated radio programs "Performance Today" and SymphonyCast.
2018 Asian Men's Club League Handball Championship
‌The 2018 Asian Club League Handball Championship was the 21st edition of the championship held under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation. The championship was hosted by Kuwait Handball Association at Al Kuwait Sports Club Stadium, Kuwait City (Kuwait) from 20 March to 1 April 2019. It was the official competition for men's handball clubs of Asia crowning the Asian champions whose winner will also qualify for the 2019 IHF Super Globe.

Asian Handball Federation
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Asia. It has 44 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent, but excludes the transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation and Turkey – which are instead members of European Handball Federation (EHF). Three other states located along the western fringe of Asia – Cyprus, Armenia and Israel – are also EHF members. Hong Kong and Macau, although not independent countries (both are special regions of China), are also members of the AHF.

One of IHF's six continental confederations, the AHF was formed officially on 26 August 1974 in Tehran (Imperial State of Iran), on the sidelines of the 7th Asian Games 1974. The AHF headquarters is located in Kuwait City (Kuwait). Its current president is Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah from Kuwait, who is a member of House of Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Gankyil
The Gankyil (Tibetan: དགའ་འཁྱིལ།, Lhasa [kã˥ kʲʰiː˥]) or "wheel of joy" (Sanskrit: ānanda-cakra) is a symbol and ritual tool used in Tibetan and East Asian Buddhism. It is composed of three (sometimes two or four) swirling and interconnected blades. The traditional spinning direction is clockwise (right turning), but the counter-clockwise ones are also common.

The gankyil as inner wheel of the dharmachakra is depicted on the Flag of Sikkim, Joseon, and is also depicted on the Flag of Tibet and Emblem of Tibet.

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
Ji Liping (volleyball)
Ji Liping (born (1968-11-29)29 November 1968) is a retired Chinese female volleyball player.

She was part of the China women's national volleyball team at the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Brazil. At club level she played with Sichuan.

1994 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 1994 FIVB Women's World Championship was the twelfth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 17 to 30 October 1994 in São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Tabberer
Tabberer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Arthur Tabberer (1915–1942), American naval officer

Horace Tabberer Brown (1848–1925), British chemist

Maggie Tabberer (1936–2024), Australian television personality

Ralph Tabberer (born 1954), British civil servant

Ralph Tabberer
Ralph Edwin Tabberer CB (born 5 August 1954 in Romford) was the Director General of Schools in the UK government department, the Department for Children, Schools and Families. He held the position from March 2006 until March 2009.
Crémieux
Crémieux is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolphe Crémieux (1796–1880), French lawyer and statesman

Daniel Crémieux (1938–2025), French fashion designer

Fernand Crémieux (1857–1928), French lawyer and politician

Hector-Jonathan Crémieux (1828–1893), French playwright and librettist

Suzanne Crémieux (1895–1976), French politician

Fernand Crémieux
Fernand Crémieux (15 December 1857 – 26 November 1928) was a French lawyer and politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 1885 to 1889, and from 1893 to 1898, representing Gard. He also served as a member of the French Senate from 1903 to 1928, representing Gard.
Taekwondo at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Taekwondo was contested as an official sport at the Olympic Games for the first time at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.  It had previously been a demonstration sport in 1988 and 1992.  Medals were awarded in four weight classes each for men and women. Tran Hieu Ngan became the first Vietnamese Olympic medalist in this competition.

Weight class
Weight classes are divisions of competition used to match competitors against others of their own size. Weight classes are used in a variety of sports including rowing, weight lifting, and especially combat sports such as boxing, kickboxing, mixed martial arts, wrestling, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Alternatives to formal weight classes include catch weight and openweight.

The existence of weight divisions gives rise to the practice of weight cutting. To be  the largest individual in a weight division is perceived as advantageous; therefore many athletes lose weight through dieting and dehydration prior to weigh-ins to qualify for a lower weight class.
Llwchwr
Llwchwr is a community and (from 2022) electoral ward in the central western part of the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK. It lies 9 km (6 miles) west-north-west of Swansea city centre and is bounded by the communities of Gorseinon to the north, Penllergaer to the east, and Gowerton to the south, as well as by the estuary of the River Loughor to the west, on the far side of which lies Bynea in Carmarthenshire, connected to Llwchwr by road and rail bridges.

The population of Llwchwr, as recorded at the 2011 census, was 9,134.

The community is home to Garden Village FC of the Welsh Football League, Carmarthenshire League Division 2 outfit Loughor Rovers, and Loughor RFC who play in ASDA Nation League Division 1 West.

The community of Llwchwr, together with that of Gorseinon, is twinned with Ploërmel in France.

Garden Village A.F.C.
Garden Village Association Football Club is a football club, based in Swansea, South West Wales and currently playing in the West Wales Premier League. The club is affiliated to the Football Association of Wales (FAW), West Wales Football Association (WWFA), Welsh Football League and the Swansea Senior Football League.
Presidial court
The presidial courts (French: présidiaux; singular présidial) were judicial courts of the Kingdom of France set up in January 1551 by Henry II of France with jurisdiction between the parlements and the bailiwicks. They were suppressed by a decree of the National Constituent Assembly in 1790.

National Constituent Assembly (France)
The National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante) was a constituent assembly in the Kingdom of France formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly.
Solar-powered waste compacting bin
A solar-powered waste compactor is a smart device that reads a waste bin's fill-level in real-time and triggers an automatic compaction of the waste, effectively increasing the bin's capacity by up to 5-8 times. The compaction mechanism runs on a battery, which is charged by the solar panel. Fully charged, the battery reserve lasts for approximately 3–4 weeks, depending on the compaction frequency and usage patterns.

Solar-powered waste compactors are typically connected to a remote software platform through wireless 2G/3G networks. The platform enables waste collection managers to access real-time data analytics and route optimization.

Solar-powered compactors are primarily used in high foot traffic areas such as town centers, shopping malls, amusement parks, beaches, transit stations and sports stadiums.

Waste
Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product, by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or resource through an invention that raises a waste product's value above zero.

Examples include municipal solid waste (household garbage), hazardous waste, wastewater (such as sewage, which contains bodily wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff), radioactive waste, and others.
Ngô Quyền
Ngô Quyền (chữ Hán: 吳權) (17 April 898 – 14 February 944), often referred to as Tiền Ngô Vương (前吳王; "First King of Ngô"), was a warlord who later became the founding king of the Ngô dynasty of Vietnam. He reigned from 939 to 944. In 938, he defeated the Southern Han dynasty at the Battle of Bạch Đằng River north of modern Haiphong. The battle is celebrated in Vietnamese national history as it ended 1,000 years of Chinese rule over Vietnam dating back to 111 BC under the Western Han dynasty. A central district in modern Haiphong is named after him.

Haiphong
Haiphong or Hai Phong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng, pronounced [hǎːj fɔ̀ŋ͡m] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta. The municipality has an area of 3,194.72 km2 (1,233.49 mi2). The city includes Bạch Long Vĩ and Cát Hải islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. It has a population of 4,664,124 in 2025.
Ihana Dhillon
Ihana Dhillon is an Indian actress, active in both the Punjabi and Hindi film industries. She made her Bollywood debut with the movie Hate Story 4 (2018). Her multilingual abilities have helped her achieve success in Punjabi movies such as Daddy Cool Munde Fool (2013) and Thug Life (2017).

More recently she made an appearance in Radhe (2021) and in 2023 starred in Smeep Kang's Gol Gappe.

Smeep Kang
Smeep Kang (born 30 January 1973) is an Indian film director, film producer, actor who works in the Punjabi films. He graduated from Punjab University with a degree in chemical engineering.

He is well known for directing the Punjabi comedy films Chak De Phatte (2008), Carry On Jatta (2012), Lucky Di Unlucky Story (2013), Vaisakhi List (2016). His upcoming Punjabi movie is Viyaah Kartaare Da,  starring Nimrat Khaira and Gippy Grewal, scheduled to be released on 27 February 2026.
Praha–Bubny railway station
Praha-Bubny (Czech: Železniční stanice Praha-Bubny) is a railway station located in Prague 7 in the Holešovice cadastral area. It is located on track 120, leading from Prague to Kladno - Rakovník and on track 091, leading from Prague-Hostivař to Kralupy nad Vltavou, near to the entry to Vltavská metro station on line C.

There is a modern building with barrier-free access. The railway station has four tracks and platforms.

In connection with the modernization of the line to Kladno and the new branch to Václav Havel Airport, the station underwent a complete reconstruction between 2023 and 2025. The platforms were relocated closer to the vestibule of the Vltavská metro station, and the station now serves passengers boarding and alighting trains on the Prague – Kralupy nad Vltavou route, replacing the discontinued halt Praha-Holešovice zastávka.

Kladno
Kladno (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkladno]; German: Kladen) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 70,000 inhabitants. It is the largest city in the region and has a rich industrial history.
1983 Cologne Cup – Doubles
José Luis Damiani and Carlos Kirmayr were the defending champions but Damiani did not compete this year, having retired from professional tennis during this season. Kirmayr teamed up with Cássio Motta and lost in the quarterfinals to Nick Saviano and Florin Segărceanu.

Saviano and Segărceanu won the title by defeating Paul Annacone and Eric Korita 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

José Luis Damiani
José Luis Damiani (born 21 November 1956) is a retired professional tennis player from Uruguay.  He turned pro in 1977 and retired in 1983.  Damiani won two ATP Tour doubles titles in his career, and reached career-high rankings of No. 32 in singles and No. 49 in doubles.  He is the former captain of the Uruguay Davis Cup team. He is rumored to play in the next Davis Cup tie against Perú in March 2016.