hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bibliography of World War II military units and formations
This is a Bibliography of World War military units and formations. It aims to include historical sources and literature (and to avoid works of fiction) about specific unit formations of World War II, such as fronts/army groups, field armies, army corps, divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, and companies. It also includes air force formations, such as air divisions, air groups, air wings, air squadrons and air force flights. Furthermore, it includes naval formations, such as naval divisions, naval squadrons, flotillas, carrier battle groups, naval task forces and naval fleets.

This article forms a part of the larger Bibliography of World War II. Bibliographies of individual warships and warship classes are omitted; they are listed separately in the Bibliography of World War II warships.

Task force
A task force (TF) is a unit or formation  established to work on a single defined task or activity. Originally introduced by the United States Navy, the term has now caught on for general usage and is a standard part of NATO terminology.  Many non-military organizations now create "task forces" or task groups for temporary activities that might have once been performed by ad hoc (designated purpose) committees. In non-military contexts, working groups are sometimes called task forces.
Vladimir Naglič
Vladimir Naglič (1896 – 1966) was a Slovene mariner and translator, known for his contribution to a Slovene Nautical Dictionary (Pomorska Slovenščina) published in 1961 in cooperation with Janez Gradišnik and contributor of nautical terms to the Dictionary of Slovene Literary Language.

In 1951 he won the Levstik Award for his book Kratke zanimivosti iz pomorstva (Interesting Facts about Seafaring). He also translated into Slovene a number of books related to seafaring and other subjects, both fiction and non-fiction, such as Ivan Yefremov's Stellar Ships (Slovene title: Zvezdne ladje), 1956, Frans G. Bengtsson's The Long Ships (Slovene title: Rdeči viking), 1960, Frank Thiess' The Voyage of Forgotten Men (Slovene title: Cušima - roman pomorske vojne), 1961, and Bertrand Russell's Common Sense and Nuclear Warfare (Slovene title: Pamet in atomska vojna), 1961.

Ivan Yefremov
Ivan Antonovich (Antipovich) Yefremov, sometimes Efremov (Russian: Ива́н Анто́нович (Анти́пович) Ефре́мов; 23 April 1908 – 5 October 1972) was a Soviet paleontologist, science-fiction author and social thinker. He founded taphonomy, the study of fossilization patterns.
Mary Hodder
Mary J. Hodder (April 5, 1945 – January 26, 2025) was a Canadian politician. She represented the riding of Burin-Placentia West in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1996 to 2003 as a member of the Liberal Party.

The daughter of Joseph Pittman and Elizabeth Drake, she worked for the Avalon Telephone Company from 1964 to 1967. In 1966, she married Samuel H. Hodder. She served as deputy mayor for Marystown.

She was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1996 and re-elected in 1999. Hodder did not run for re-election in 2003.

Hodder died on January 26, 2025, at the age of 79.

Burin-Placentia West
Burin-Placentia West was a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The district was known as Placentia West prior to 1975. In 2011 there were 7,673 eligible voters living within the district.

It was Primarily a fishing district with the Marystown Shipyard and offshore fabrication yard an important part of the economy. Like many other districts, it had faced tough economic times.

The main communities are Marystown, Burin, and Rushoon.

Other communities include Baine Harbour, Beau Bois, Boat Harbour, Brookside, Fox Cove-Mortier, Garnish Pond, Jean de Baie, Parker's Cove, Petite Fort, Port au Bras, Red Harbour, Red Island, Rock Harbour, South East Bight, and Spanish Room.

The district was abolished in 2015 into Placentia West-Bellevue and Burin-Grand Bank.
Peshawar Brigade
The Peshawar Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in December 1907, for service on the North West Frontier. During World War II it was normal practice for newly formed battalions to be posted to the North West Frontier for service before being sent to Africa, Burma or Italy.

19th Hyderabad Regiment
The 19th Hyderabad Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was formed at the time of reforms of the Indian Army after the First World War, when it moved from single-battalion regiments to multi-battalion regiments. The regiment saw service during the Second World War, and after Operation Polo was incorporated into the Indian Army as the Kumaon Regiment.
Edward Moore (bishop of Travancore and Cochin)
Edward Alfred Livingstone Moore (13 November 1870 – 22 September 1944) was Bishop of Travancore and Cochin from 1925 to 1937.

Moore was born in Oxford into an ecclesiastical family. He was educated at Marlborough and Oriel College, Oxford and was ordained in 1895.

Moore began his career as a curate in Aston, became a CMS Missionary in southern India, Principal of the society's Divinity School in Madras, and progressed to become Chairman of its Tinnevelly operations until his elevation to the episcopate. Returning to England he was Vicar of Horspath from  1938 until his death on 22 September 1944.

Several schools in India are named after Moore including the Bishop Moore Vidyapith, Mavelikkara.

Principal (academia)
The principal is the chief executive and the chief academic officer of a university or college in certain parts of the Commonwealth.

In the United States, the principal is the head of school at most pre-university, non-boarding schools.
2007 North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council election
Elections to North Tyneside Metropolitan Council took place on 3 May 2007 on the same day as other local council elections in England.

North Tyneside Council is elected "in thirds" which means one councillor from each three-member ward is elected each year for the first three years with a fourth year when the mayoral election takes place.

Against the national trend, the only gain was made by David Corkey of the Labour Party in Chirton Ward, from an Independent candidate, so the council remains in no overall control, but with the Conservative Party having the most councillors overall.

North Tyneside Council
North Tyneside Council, or North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council, is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the North East Combined Authority since 2024.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2011. It is based at Quadrant East in Cobalt Park, a large business park in the centre of the borough.
2019 Australian Open (badminton)
The 2019 Australian Open (officially known as the Crown Group Australian Open 2019 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at Quaycentre in Sydney, Australia, from 4 to 9 June 2019 and had a total purse of $150,000.

Yuta Watanabe (badminton)
Yuta Watanabe (渡辺 勇大, Watanabe Yūta; born 13 June 1997) is a Japanese badminton player. He is a former member of the Japanese national team and joined J-Power in April 2025. He is known for his quick and explosive movements with signature drop shots. Partnered with Arisa Higashino, Watanabe won consecutive mixed doubles bronze medals at the 2020 and 2024 Olympics. The pair has also secured four medals at the BWF World Championships.
Crime on a Summer Morning
Crime on a Summer Morning (French: Par un beau matin d'été) is a 1965 French crime film directed by Jacques Deray and starring Jean-Paul Belmondo. The film is based on the 1963 novel One Bright Summer Morning written by James Hadley Chase.

James Hadley Chase
James Hadley Chase (24 December 1906 – 6 February 1985) was an English writer. While his birth name was René Lodge Brabazon Raymond, he was well known by his various pseudonyms, including James Hadley Chase, James L. Docherty, Raymond Marshall, R. Raymond, and Ambrose Grant. He was one of the best known thriller writers of all time. The canon of Chase, comprising 90 titles, earned him a reputation as the king of thriller writers in Europe. He was also one of the internationally best-selling authors, and to date 50 of his books have been made into films.
Young Man Smoking a Pipe
Young Man Smoking a Pipe is a painting by the Flemish artist Michaelina Wautier. It was painted in 1656. The content is possibly part of a series related to the five senses, with the pipe smoker in the painting representing the sense of smell.

The painting is in the private collection of Bijl-Van Urk B.V.

Michaelina Wautier
Michaelina Wautier, also Woutiers (1604–1689), was a painter from the Southern Netherlands. Only since the start of the 21st century has her work been recognized as that of the outstanding female artist of Flemish Baroque painting, her works having been previously attributed to male artists, especially her brother Charles.

Wautier was noted for the variety of subjects and genres that she worked in. This was unusual for female artists of the time who were more often restricted to smaller paintings, generally portraits or still-lifes.
Battle of Atapuerca
The Battle of Atapuerca was fought on 1 September 1054 at the site of Piedrahita ("standing stone") in the valley of Atapuerca between two brothers, King García Sánchez III of Navarre and King Ferdinand I of Castile.

The Castilians won and King García and his favourite Fortún Sánchez were killed in battle. Ferdinand reannexed Navarrese territory he conceded to García 17 years earlier after his brother's assistance at Pisuerga.

Pisuerga
The Pisuerga is a river in northern Spain, the Duero's second largest tributary. It rises in the Cantabrian Mountains in the province of Palencia, autonomous region of Castile and León.
Its traditional source is called Fuente Cobre, but it has been discovered that the real source is a glacier higher in the mountains.  The river flows south into the Douro river shortly after passing through the city of Valladolid. Its length is approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi).

Since the 1950s the water level of the river has been very regular throughout the year due to the huge Aguilar de Campoo dam which collects all the water from the river's rainy upper valleys. This regulation has allowed the creation of vast extensions of irrigated farmland along the Pisuerga's course across the northern Castilian plain.
Brian Disbury (cricketer)
Brian Elvin Disbury (30 September 1929 – April 2016) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Bedford in Bedfordshire, and was educated at Bedford School.

Bedford
Bedford is a market town in Bedfordshire, England. At the 2021 Census, the population of its urban area was 167,446. Bedford is the county town of Bedfordshire and seat of the Borough of Bedford local government district.

Bedford was founded at a ford on the River Great Ouse and is thought to have been the burial place of King Offa of Mercia, who is remembered for building Offa's Dyke on the Welsh border. Bedford Castle was built by Henry I, although it was destroyed in 1224. Bedford was granted borough status in 1166 and has been represented in Parliament since 1265. It is known for its large population of Italian descent.
Forebulge
In geology, a forebulge is a flexural bulge in front as a result of a load on the lithosphere, often caused by tectonic interactions and glaciations. An example of forebulge can be seen in the Himalayan foreland basin, a result of the Indian-Eurasian (continent-continent)  plate collision, in which the Indian plate subducted and the Eurasian plate created a large load on the lithosphere, leading to the Himalayas and the Ganges foreland basin.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.
Buchberg (Fichtel Mountains)
The Buchberg (German pronunciation: [ˈbuːxˌbɛʁk]) is a 674-metre-high mountain in the Bavarian Fichtel Mountains.

The mountain, which is formed from porphyritic granite, lies south of the village of Reicholdsgrün, in the borough of Kirchenlamitz in the district of Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge.

The Buchberg is cloaked by a forest, 23 hectares in area, which is one of the few near-natural stands of deciduous forest in the Fichtel Mountains (woodrush beech forest). As a result, the area has been a protected natural monument since 1938 and is also a designated Natura 2000 region.

On the north side of the granite rock face is a memorial tablet to Arthur Münch, who held the post of gamekeeper and forest manager for decades.

Kirchenlamitz
Kirchenlamitz (German pronunciation: [kɪʁçn̩ˈlaːmɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Fichtel Mountains, 13 km northwest of Wunsiedel and 19 km south of Hof.
Murovani Kurylivtsi Raion
Murovani Kurylivtsi Raion (Ukrainian: Мурованокуриловецький район) was one of raions of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the urban-type settlement of Murovani Kurylivtsi. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Vinnytsia Oblast to six. The area of Murovani Kurylivtsi Raion was merged into Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 23,971 (2020 est.).

Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion
Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion (Ukrainian: Могилів-Подільський район) is one of the six raions (districts) of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Mohyliv-Podilskyi. Population: 139,828 (2022 estimate).
Warkałki
Warkałki [varˈkau̯ki] (German Hartwich) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miłakowo, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Miłakowo, 34 km (21 mi) north of Ostróda, and 41 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ostróda County
Ostróda County (Polish: powiat ostródzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostróda, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Morąg, 25 km (16 mi) north of Ostróda, Miłakowo, 34 km (21 mi) north of Ostróda, and Miłomłyn, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Ostróda.

The county covers an area of 1,764.89 square kilometres (681.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 105,286, out of which the population of Ostróda is 33,419, that of Morąg is 14,497, that of Miłakowo is 2,665, that of Miłomłyn is 2,305, and the rural population is 52,400.
Bill Kartalopoulos
Bill Kartalopoulos is a New York-based comics critic, educator, curator and editor. From 2014 to 2019 he was the Series Editor for the Best American Comics series of annual comics anthologies published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. He was a co-founder of the Brooklyn Comics and Graphics Festival and has also directed programming for the Small Press Expo and the MoCCA Festival. He teaches courses about comics at Parsons School of Design and the School of Visual Arts.

Ben Katchor
Ben Katchor (born November 19, 1951) is an American cartoonist and illustrator best known for the comic strip Julius Knipl, Real Estate Photographer. He has contributed comics and drawings to The Forward, The New Yorker, Metropolis, and weekly newspapers in the United States. A Guggenheim Fellowship and MacArthur Fellowship recipient, Katchor was described by author Michael Chabon as "the creator of the last great American comic strip."
Japanese ship Tsugaru
Three ships of the Japanese Navy have been named Tsugaru:

Japanese cruiser Tsugaru was previously the Russian cruiser Pallada launched in 1899 and renamed following capture by Japan in 1908. She was stricken in 1922 and scuttled in 1924

Japanese minelayer Tsugaru was a minelayer launched in 1940 and sunk in 1944

JDS Tsugaru was a minelayer launched in 1955 and converted to a cable ship 1957

Japanese cruiser Tsugaru
Tsugaru (津軽) was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, acquired as a prize of war during the Russo-Japanese War from the Imperial Russian Navy, where she was originally known as Pallada. The cruisers Aurora and Diana were her sister ships.
The Voice of Holland season 10
The tenth season of the Dutch reality singing competition The Voice of Holland premiered on 8 November 2019 on RTL 4. Host Martijn Krabbé,  as well as the four coaches from the previous season, Lil Kleine, Waylon, Ali B and Anouk all returned, while Wendy van Dijk left to move to SBS6 and was replaced by Chantal Janzen as a host with Krabbé, also Jamai Loman was replaced by Geraldine Kemper as a backstage host.

Sophia Kruithof won the competition from team Anouk and Anouk became the winning mentor for the second time.

Chantal Janzen
Chantal Janzen (pronounced [ɕɑnˌtɑl ˈjɑnzə(n)]; born 15 February 1979) is a Dutch actress, singer and TV presenter. She had parts in The Preacher, Full Moon Party and Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo and presented Idols.

She also played Belle in the Dutch musical production of Beauty and the Beast (noted for being the first Belle with blonde hair) and Jane in Tarzan. From late 2011 to mid 2012, she starred as Glinda in the musical Wicked. She also sang a song against cancer, called "Vecht Mee" (English: Fight With Us) with Dutch rapper Yes-R. Internationally, she's best known for co-hosting Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light and the Eurovision Song Contest 2021.
Leptosia marginea
Leptosia marginea, the black-edged spirit, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, southern Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the western part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and possibly Uganda and Tanzania. The habitat consists of primary forests.

The larvae feed on Capparis species.

Capparis
Capparis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Capparaceae. It includes about 140 species of shrubs or lianas which are collectively known as caper shrubs or caperbushes. Capparis species occur over a wide range of habitat in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Eurasia, Australasia, and the Pacific.

The genus was included in the family Brassicaceae in the unrevised APG II system.
Fuchang County
Fuchang (Chinese: 福昌) was a county of China during the Tang and Song dynasties, under the administration of Henan Prefecture (Henanfu, modern Luoyang). It was renamed as Fuqing (福庆) County during the Later Tang dynasty, but reverted to its original name in 960 during the Song. The county seat was located in modern Fuchang Village of Yiyang County, Henan Province, 27 kilometers west of downtown Yiyang. Tang dynasty poet Li He was a native of Fuchang County. In 1072 the county was abolished and merged into Shou'an County, which was renamed as Yiyang in 1186.

Later Tang
Tang, known in historiography as the Later Tang (Chinese: 後唐; pinyin: Hòu Táng), was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China and the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history.

With the exception of its final ruler, the Later Tang was ruled by ethnically Shatuo Turk (沙陀) emperors. The name Tang was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the Tang dynasty.  The official start of the Later Tang dynasty is in the year 923.
Yangjiazhuang Township, Hebei
Yangjiazhuang (Chinese: 杨家庄乡; pinyin: Yángjiāzhuāng xiāng) is a township in Dingzhou, Baoding, Hebei, China. As of the 2010 census, Yangjiazhuang had a total population of 30,426: 15,328 males and 15,098 females. The population is distributed as follows: 5,307 people aged under 14, 22,332 people aged between 15 and 64, and 2,787 people aged over 65.

Dingzhou
Dingzhou, formerly romanized Tingchow and formerly known as Ding County or Dingxian, is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Baoding in Hebei Province, China. As of 2020, Dingzhou had a population of 1.1 million. Dingzhou has 3 subdistricts, 13 towns, 8 townships, and 1 ethnic township. Dingzhou is about halfway between Baoding and Shijiazhuang, 196 kilometers (122 mi) southwest of Beijing, and 68 kilometers (42 mi) northeast of Shijiazhuang.
Ability (manhwa)
Ability (Korean: 어빌리티; RR: Eobilliti) is a South Korean webtoon written by Son Je-ho and illustrated by Lee Kwang-soo. Started in 2012, the webtoon manhwa was released on Naver WEBTOON and is said to have taken a break after season one which lasted 60 chapters, but from several sources it is said the author has dropped the webtoon because he was sick. The author and artist of Ability also created the manhwa Noblesse. Despite being sick, he did announce he would keep continuing Noblesse. Ability therefore not get a season two until further notice from the author who had initially claimed to work on it after Noblesse ends.

Naver
Naver (Korean: 네이버; stylized as NAVER) is a South Korean online platform operated by the Naver Corporation. The company's products include a search engine, email hosting, blogs, maps, and mobile payment.
Piskorzeniec
Piskorzeniec [piskɔˈʐɛɲɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedbórz, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) east of Przedbórz, 41 km (25 mi) east of Radomsko, and 89 km (55 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Przedbórz
Przedbórz [ˈpʂɛdbuʂ] is a town in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,458 inhabitants (2020). Przedbórz is situated on the Pilica River in the northwestern corner of the historic province of Lesser Poland. From its foundation until the Partitions of Poland, it belonged to Lesser Poland’s Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Battle of Shubra Khit
The Battle of Shubra Khit (also known as the Battle of Chobrakit or the Battle of Chebreïss) was the second major engagement of the French invasion of Egypt and Syria and took place on 13 July 1798. On their march to Cairo, the French army encountered an Ottoman army consisting of Mamluk cavalry and drafted Fellahins under Murad Bey. Napoleon lined his forces up into infantry squares, a tactic which helped repel the Mamluk cavalry, largely due to their inability to penetrate them without suffering severe casualties. A naval battle also occurred, with an Ottoman flotilla being repelled by a French flotilla.

Fellah
A fellah (Arabic: فَلَّاح fallāḥ; feminine فَلَّاحَة fallāḥa; plural fellaheen or fellahin, فلاحين, fallāḥīn) is a local farmer, usually a farmer or agricultural laborer in the Middle East and North Africa. The word derives from the Arabic word for "ploughman" or "tiller".

Due to a continuity in beliefs and lifestyle with that of the Ancient Egyptians, the fellahin of Egypt have been described as the "true" Egyptians.