hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Usnea Plug
Usnea Plug is a volcanic plug, 30 m from base to summit, rising to 117 m in the interior of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The area was known to 19th century sealers.

The feature's name derives from the genus of lichen, Usnea, prevalent on the plug and in this vicinity, and results from geological work by an American field party in early 1969.

Volcanic plug
A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. When present, a plug can cause an extreme build-up of high gas pressure if rising volatile-charged magma is trapped beneath it, and this can sometimes lead to an explosive eruption.  In a plinian eruption the plug is destroyed and ash is ejected.

Glacial erosion can lead to exposure of the plug on one side, while a long slope of material remains on the opposite side. Such landforms are called crag and tail. If a plug is preserved, erosion may remove the surrounding rock while the erosion-resistant plug remains, producing a distinctive upstanding landform.
Karviná (administrative district)
The administrative district of the municipality with extended powers of Karviná (abbreviated AD MEP Karviná; Czech: Správní obvod obce s rozšířenou působností Karviná, SO ORP Karviná) is an administrative district of municipality with extended powers in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has existed since 1 January 2003, when the districts were replaced administratively. It includes 4 municipalities which have a combined population of about 61,000.

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
Interuniversity Institute of Valencian Philology
The Interuniversity Institute of Valencian Philology (Valencian: Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana, IIFV), was created in 1987, and took form with a decree of the  Generalitat Valenciana that was issued in 1994. It is composed by the University of Valencia, the University of Alicante and the University Jaume I, from Castellón de la Plana, i.e., the three Valencian universities with superior philology studies.

Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana or Castelló de la Plana (or simply Castellón or Castelló), is the capital city of the province of Castellón, in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is located near the eastern coastline of the Iberian Peninsula by the Mediterranean Sea. The main urban core lies some kilometres inland while the detached district of Grau was built around the port. The Desert de les Palmes mountain range rises to the north.

According to the 2018 census, Castellón has a population of 174,264 inhabitants, ranking as the fourth most populated municipality in the Valencian Community. Castellón is part of a larger metropolitan area along with the neighbouring municipalities of Villarreal, Almassora, Benicàssim, Borriol, and Borriana.  The Prime Meridian, or Greenwich Meridian, intersects the 40th parallel at Castellón de la Plana and is commemorated with a monolith in Meridian Park (Parc del Meridià) located at the exact point where this occurs.
Buena Vista High School
Buena Vista High School is the name of several educational institutions, including:

Buena Vista High School in Chino, California

Buena Vista High School in Geyserville, California

Buena Vista High School in Lakewood, California

Buena Vista High School (Colorado) in Buena Vista, Colorado

Buena Vista High School (Michigan) in Buena Vista Charter Township, Michigan

Buena High School (Arizona) in Sierra Vista, Arizona

Buena Vista, Colorado
Buena Vista (/ˈbjuːnə ˈvɪstə/ BEW-nə VISS-tə) is a statutory town located in Chaffee County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 2,855 at the 2020 United States census. From 1888 until 1928, Buena Vista served as the county seat of Chaffee County.
German submarine U-516
German submarine U-516 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the Deutsche Werft (yard) in Hamburg as yard number 312 on 12 May 1941, launched on 16 December 1941 and commissioned on 21 February 1942 with Korvettenkapitän Gerhard Wiebe in command.

U-516 began her service career with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 10 March 1942. She was reassigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 September 1942, then the 33rd flotilla on 1 October 1944.

She carried out six patrols, sank 16 ships and damaged one more. She surrendered on 14 May 1945 at Loch Eriboll in Scotland and was transferred to Lisahally in Northern Ireland for Operation Deadlight. She was sunk on 2 January 1946.

10th U-boat Flotilla
The 10th U-boat Flotilla (German 10. Unterseebootsflottille) was a German U-boat flotilla used for front-line combat purposes during World War II. Founded on 15 January 1942 at Lorient under the command of Korvettenkapitän Günther Kuhnke, eighty U-boats, including two captured Dutch submarines, operated with this flotilla before it was dissolved on 21 August 1944, and the remaining U-boats were moved to bases in Norway and Germany. Kuhnke himself took command of U-853, the last U-boat to leave, on 27 August 1944 to sail to Flensburg where he assumed command of 33rd U-boat Flotilla.
Tom Blomqvist
Tom Leonard Blomqvist (born 30 November 1993) is a British-born Swedish racing driver, who competes in the IMSA SportsCar Championship with Meyer Shank Racing as a factory driver for Acura and in the European Le Mans Series for Inter Europol Competition. Blomqvist won the 2022 and 2023 24 Hours of Daytona with Meyer Shank and the 2018 24 Hours of Spa with BMW Motorsport. He is the son of 1984 Swedish World Rally Champion, Stig Blomqvist.

2026 European Le Mans Series
The 2026 European Le Mans Series will be the twenty-third season of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest's (ACO) European Le Mans Series. The six-event season will begin at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya on 12 April and is scheduled to finish at Algarve International Circuit on 10 October.

The series is open to Le Mans Prototypes, divided into the LMP2 and LMP3 classes, and grand tourer-style racing cars in the LMGT3 class.
James Holden (producer)
James Alexander Goodale Holden (born 7 June 1979) is an English electronic music artist and DJ. After beginning his career as a DJ and producer, Holden has moved extensively into live performance and founded his own record label, Border Community.

Steve Reid
Steve Reid (January 29, 1944 – April 13, 2010) was an American jazz drummer who played with Ornette Coleman, James Brown, Fela Kuti, Kieran Hebden, and Sun Ra. He worked as a session drummer for Motown.
Lake Shawnee (Kansas)
Lake Shawnee is a man-made lake in Shawnee County in the U.S. state of Kansas, located on the southeastern side of Topeka. The lake started construction in 1935, and finished on September 3, 1939, and was a part of a Works Progress Administration project. The lake's size is approximately 416 acres (1.68 km2), and has a maximum depth of 52 feet (16 m). The lake is mostly used for recreational purposes, with it having a golf course, campgrounds, fishing docks, a garden, a swimming beach, a trail and more. The lake features fish such as walleyes, bluegills, crappies, trout, white bass, channel catfish, and black bass.

Shawnee County Parks and Recreation restocks fish into the lake, with the latest being on January 25, 2025, with 3,500 pounds of trout being released into the lake.

The lake experiences vernal algae blooms.

Shawnee County, Kansas
Shawnee County is located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States.  Its county seat and most populous city is Topeka, the state capital.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 178,909, making it the third-most populous county in Kansas.  The county was one of the original 33 counties created by the first territorial legislature in 1855, and it was named for the Shawnee tribe.
Petrișor Toderașc
Petrişor Toderaşc (born 15 July 1980 in Iași) is a Romanian former rugby union footballer who played as a prop.

Toderaşc played in France for Oyonnax (2004/05), CA Brive (2005/10) and Stade Rochelais (2010/13).

He has 50 caps for Romania, with 8 tries and 40 points scored, since his first match, a 37-17 loss to Italy, at 18 November 2000. He represented Romania twice at the Rugby World Cup finals, playing four matches in 2003, where he scored a try in the 90-8 loss to Australia, and two in 2007. His most recent match for the "Oaks" was at the 42-0 loss to Scotland, at 18 September 2007, at the Rugby World Cup finals. Toderaşc was absent from his National Team until 28 November 2009, playing as a replacement in the 18-29 loss do Fiji, in a friendly match, in Bucharest.

Oyonnax Rugby
Oyonnax Rugby (French pronunciation: [ɔjɔna ʁyɡbi]) is a French professional rugby union club based in Oyonnax and competing in the Pro D2. Founded in 1949 and located in the Ain montainous department, the club plays its home matches at the 11,400-capacity Stade Charles-Mathon, the highest stadium in the league at 532 metres (1,745 ft) and wears black and red jerseys.
Senra
Senra is a genus of flowering plants in tribe Hibisceae of the family Malvaceae. It includes single species, Senra incana, an annual or perennial native to northeastern tropical Africa (Kenya to Sudan), the Arabian Peninsula, and India and Pakistan, where it grows in deserts and dry shrublands.

The plant produces the phenolic compounds coniferaldehyde, scopoletin, sinapaldehyde and syringaldehyde

Scopoletin
Scopoletin is a coumarin found in the root of plants in the genus Scopolia such as Scopolia carniolica and Scopolia japonica, in chicory, in Artemisia scoparia, in the roots and leaves of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), in the passion flower, in Brunfelsia, in Viburnum prunifolium, in Solanum nigrum, in Datura metel, in Mallotus resinosus, and in Kleinhovia hospita. It can also be found in fenugreek, vinegar, some whiskies and in dandelion coffee. A similar coumarin is scoparone. Scopoletin is highly fluorescent when dissolved in DMSO or water and is regularly used as a fluorimetric assay for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in conjunction with horseradish peroxidase.  When oxidized, its fluorescence is strongly suppressed.
Hafstað
Hafstað is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Karin Hafstad (1936–2019), Norwegian politician

Lawrence R. Hafstad (1904–1993), American electrical engineer

Thomas Hafstad (born 1974), Norwegian footballer

Tobias Hafstad (born 2002), Norwegian footballer

Valgerður Hafstað (1930–2011), Icelandic painter

Karin Hafstad
Karin Hafstad (8 June 1936, Oslo – 27 May 2019) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

She was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo in 1973, and was re-elected on one occasion.

On the local level she was a member of Oslo city council from 1967 to 1975. She was a member of the central party board of the Norwegian Young Conservatives from 1965 to 1969 and of the national Conservative Party board from 1966 to 1969.

Outside politics she spent much of her professional career as a consultant in the Directorate of Public Roads.
1989 Gissar earthquake
The 1989 Gissar earthquake occurred at 23:02 UTC on 22 January near Gissar in Tajikistan. The shock had a body wave magnitude of 5.3 and a maximum felt intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The National Geophysical Data Center reported that the death toll from the event amounted to about 274, and the National Earthquake Information Center stated there were many injured. Nearly all the casualties were caused by mudslides which buried Sharora and two nearby villages. The earthquake was the deadliest in 1989.

Hisar (Tajikistan)
Hisor (Tajik: Ҳисор) or Hisar (Russian: Гиссар, Gissar) is a city in western Tajikistan, about 15 km west of Dushanbe. The city was the seat of the former Hisar District, and is part of the Districts of Republican Subordination. It lies at an altitude of 799–824 m, surrounded by high mountains (Gissar Range to the north, Babatag and Aktau ranges to the south). The river Khanaka, a tributary to the Kofarnihon, flows through the town. Its population is estimated at 29,100 for the city proper and 308,100 for the city with the outlying communities (2020). As of 2002, its population was composed 81.6% of Tajiks, 12.3% Uzbeks, 3.6% Russians, and 2.5% others.
Doffing, Texas
Doffing is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,091 at the 2010 United States census. It is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Edinburg, Texas
Edinburg (/ˈɛdɪnbɜːrɡ/ ED-in-burg) is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 100,243 at the 2020 census, and in 2022, its estimated population was 104,294, making it the second-largest city in Hidalgo County, and the third-largest city in the larger Rio Grande Valley region.

Edinburg is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission and Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas. Edinburg is home to the main campus of University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.
White Van Man (TV series)
White Van Man is a British sitcom that was created and written by Adrian Poynton and first broadcast on BBC Three and BBC HD in 2011. It began screening in March 2011, becoming the highest-rated launch ever for a sitcom on BBC Three.

Will Mellor plays Ollie, a man who has to put his business dreams on hold while he takes over the family handyman business from his father, Tony, played by Clive Mantle. The series was filmed in and around Greater Manchester, including the Best Bet betting shop in Cheadle and Hollins DIY Store in Marple. A second series ran from 23 February to 29 March 2012.

BBC Three announced on 29 April 2012 that it had cancelled White Van Man. On 11 May 2012, it was announced that an American version of White Van Man, Family Tools, was picked up by ABC for a full series. Poynton served as its co-creator. Family Tools was canceled in 2013, after filming only 10 episodes.

Cheadle, Greater Manchester
Cheadle (/ˈtʃiːdəl/) is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in the county of Greater Manchester, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Cheshire, it borders Cheadle Hulme, Gatley, Heald Green and Cheadle Heath in Stockport, and East Didsbury in Manchester. In 2011, it had a population of 14,698.
Draculoides catho
Draculoides catho is a species of schizomid arachnids (commonly known as sprickets or short-tailed whip-scorpions) in the Hubbardiidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2018 by Australian arachnologists Volker Framenau, Zoë Hamilton, Terrie Finston, Garth Humphreys, Kym Abrams, Joel Huey and Mark Harvey. The specific epithet catho refers to the type locality.

Mark Harvey (arachnologist)
Mark Stephen Harvey (born 17 September 1958) is a museum scientist and biologist specializing in Australian arachnids. Since 1989 he has been based at the Western Australian Museum as Curator of Arachnids and Myriapods. He has described over 1,000 species, being one of the few biologists to do so.
Springdale station (Massachusetts)
Springdale station was a New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad station in the village of Springdale in Canton, Massachusetts. It was located on the Stoughton Branch.

The station was built by the Old Colony Railroad at a cost $1,200. It opened in October 1891. It replaced an older building built in 1855. In 1919 the building was used in the filming of the now-lost silent film Anne of Green Gables, starring Mary Miles Minter.

By the 1920s improvements in local highways led to reduced service on the Stoughton Branch, with both Springdale and West Stoughton in danger of being closed. They and other low-traffic stations were further endangered by the New Haven's 1935 bankruptcy. By the late 1930s service at Springdale was done to four weekday trains per day, handling a total of eleven passengers. The station was closed and demolished on July 1, 1940.

Canton, Massachusetts
Canton is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States.  The population was 24,370 at the 2020 census. Canton is part of Greater Boston, about 15 miles (24 kilometers) southwest of Downtown Boston.
Fairview Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania
Fairview Township is a township in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. Situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie, it was one of the county's sixteen original townships, and was founded in 1797.

In 1998 Fairview Township annexed the former Fairview Borough.

According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the township's population was 11,137, which is an increase from the 2010 census of 10,102. It is part of the Erie Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
FGF17
Fibroblast growth factor 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF17 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. This gene was shown to be prominently expressed in the cerebellum and cortex. The mouse homolog of this gene was localized to specific sites in the midline structures of the forebrain, the midbrain-hindbrain junction, developing skeleton and developing arteries, which suggests a role in central nervous system, bone and vascular development.  This gene was referred to as FGF-13 in reference 2, however, its amino acid sequence and chromosomal localization are identical to FGF17.

Cortex (anatomy)
In anatomy and zoology, the cortex (pl.: cortices) is the outermost, otherwise known as superficial, layer of an organ. Organs with well-defined cortical layers include kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries, the thymus, and portions of the brain, including the cerebral cortex, the best-known of all cortices.
Vaarikkuzhiyile Kolapathakam
Vaarikkuzhiyile Kolapathakam (transl. Murder in the ditch) is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language mystery thriller film written, co-produced and directed by Rejishh Midhila. It stars Amith Chakalakkal and Dileesh Pothan, with Mejo Joseph, Amira Varma, Nedumudi Venu, Shammi Thilakan, Lena and Nandu in supporting roles. Lal made a cameo appearance. It was released on 22 February 2019. The film is getting ready for a release in China. The film received positive reviews and was praised for Amith's performance. The film was a commercial success.

Nedumudi Venu
Kesavan Venugopal (22 May 1948 – 11 October 2021), better known by his stage name Nedumudi Venu, was an Indian actor and screenwriter from Kerala, who predominantly worked in Malayalam cinema. He acted in more than 500 films, primarily in Malayalam and also in Tamil, in a career spanning nearly five decades. He wrote screenplays and directed one film. Nedumudi Venu won three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Award South and six Kerala State Film Awards for his performances in various movies.
VP-17
VP-17, nicknamed the White Lightnings, was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy.

The squadron was established as Reserve Patrol Squadron VP-916 on 1 July 1946. It was redesignated as Medium Patrol Squadron VP-ML-66 on 15 November 1946, as VP-722 in February 1950, and as VP-17 on 4 February 1953. It was redesignated Heavy Attack Mining Squadron VA-(HM)-10 on 1 July 1956, and finally, for the second time, redesignated VP-17 on  1 July 1959. The squadron was disestablished on 31 March 1995, after 49 years of service. It was the third squadron to be designated VP-17, the first VP-17 was redesignated as VP-42 on 1 July 1939 and the second VP-17 was redesignated VPB-17 on 1 October 1944.

Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer
The Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer is an American World War II and Korean War era patrol bomber of the United States Navy derived from the Consolidated B-24 Liberator. The Navy had been using B-24s with only minor modifications as the PB4Y-1 Liberator, and along with maritime patrol Liberators used by RAF Coastal Command, this type of patrol plane was proven successful. A fully navalized design was desired, and Consolidated developed a dedicated long-range patrol bomber with tests begun in 1943, designated PB4Y-2 Privateer. The first version of the Privateer flew in September 1943 with production versions arriving in March 1944. In 1951, the type was redesignated P4Y-2 Privateer. A further designation change occurred in September 1962, when the remaining US Navy Privateers (all having previously been converted to drone configuration as P4Y-2K) were redesignated QP-4B.
Gigantocellular reticular nucleus
The gigantocellular reticular nucleus (also magnocellular reticular nucleus) is the (efferent/motor) medial zone of the reticular formation of the caudal pons and rostral medulla oblongata. It consists of a substantial number of giant neurons, but also contains small and medium sized neurons.

It gives rise to the lateral (medullary) reticulospinal tract which influences muscle tone of limb and trunk muscles, is involved in coordination of head-eye movements, promotes parasympathetic reduction of heart rate to decrease blood pressure, induces inspiration, and participates in the descending pain-inhibiting pathway.

Periaqueductal gray
The periaqueductal gray (PAG), also known as the central gray, is a brain region that plays a critical role in autonomic function, motivated behavior and behavioural responses to threatening stimuli. PAG is also the primary control center for descending pain modulation. It has enkephalin-producing cells that suppress pain.

The periaqueductal gray is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the tegmentum of the midbrain. It projects to the nucleus raphe magnus, and also contains descending autonomic tracts. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic pathway (so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the PAG, in the mesencephalon or midbrain).

This region has been used as the target for brain-stimulating implants in patients with chronic pain.