hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pramāṇa-samuccaya
The Pramāṇa-samuccaya (Compendium of Epistemology) is a Buddhist philosophical treatise focusing on epistemology (pramana) by Dignāga, an Indian Buddhist logician and epistemologist who lived from c. 480 to c. 540 CE.

The Pramāṇa-samuccaya exists in two Tibetan translations by Vasudhararaksita and Kanakavarman respectively. The original Sanskrit was initially thought to be lost by modern scholars, but then a manuscript of the commentary by Jinendrabuddhi was discovered. Modern scholars working with The China Tibetology Research Center and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are currently working to extract and reconstruct the Sanskrit root text of the Pramāṇasamuccaya from the commentary in which it is embedded.

China Tibetology Research Center
The China Tibetology Research Center (Chinese: 中国藏学研究中心; Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོའི་བོད་རིག་པ་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་གནས།; Wylie: Krung go'i bod rig pa zhib 'jug lte gnas) is a state research institute in Beijing, China devoted to the study of Tibet (Tibetology).
Bremervörde Castle
Bremervörde Castle (German: Schloss Bremervörde), also called Vörde Castle, in the German town of Bremervörde in northern Lower Saxony was the largest fortification in the region. It was slighted in 1682 after various military conflicts and largely demolished. Today, the surviving chancery building (Kanzleigebäude) houses a museum.

Chancery (medieval office)
A chancery or chancellery (Latin: cancellaria) is a medieval writing office, responsible for the production of official documents.  The title of chancellor, for the head of the office, came to be held by important ministers in a number of states, and remains the title of the heads of government in modern Germany and Austria. Chancery hand is a term for various types of handwriting associated with chanceries.
Security Management (magazine)
Security Management is the monthly magazine of ASIS International (formerly the American Society for Industrial Security). It was launched in 1972. The publication combines featured articles on topics such as terrorism and corporate espionage, with staff-written departments covering news and trends, homeland security, IT security, and legal developments. The magazine is based in Alexandria, Virginia.

Industrial espionage
Industrial espionage, also known as economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage, refers to the systematic and unauthorized acquisition of sensitive business information. This practice typically targets trade secrets, proprietary operational data, and intellectual property belonging to competitors or other organizations. The information is gathered with the intent to gain a competitive advantage, facilitate business decision-making, or for commercial sale to interested parties. Industrial espionage is conducted by various actors, including current or former employees, contractors, corporate competitors, foreign governments, and criminal organizations, and is universally recognized as both illegal and unethical.

While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.
The Man Who Played God (1922 film)
The Man Who Played God is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by F. Harmon Weight and written by Forrest Halsey. The film stars George Arliss, Ann Forrest, Ivan Simpson, Edward Earle, and Effie Shannon. The film was released on October 1, 1922, by United Artists. Considered to be a lost film for decades, a print of The Man Who Played God was found at Gosfilmofond in Moscow.

Forrest Halsey
William Forrest Halsey (November 9, 1877 – September 30, 1949) was an American writer and screenwriter.

Halsey's novels included Fate and the Butterfly (1909), The Bawlerout (1912), and The Shadow on the Hearth (1914). From 1907 to 1918, he published more than one hundred short stories in popular magazines including Young's Magazine, The Argosy, The Cavalier, and Munsey's Magazine.

As a screenwriter, he wrote for more than 60 films between 1913 and 1942. He was born in Roseville, Newark, New Jersey, and died in Los Angeles County, California.
Castlerahan
Castlerahan (Irish: Caisleán Raithin) is a barony in County Cavan, Ireland. Baronies were mainly cadastral rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in the 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.

Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898
The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict. c. 37) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that established a system of local government in Ireland similar to that already created for England and Wales by the Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 41) and for Scotland by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 50). The act effectively ended landlord control of local government in Ireland.
Izumo Kokufu
The Izumo Kokufu (出雲国府) was the provincial capital of Izumo Province in the late Nara period though Heian period. It was located in the Okusa-cho, Yamashiro-cho, and Takeya-cho, neighborhoods of the city of Matsue, Shimane Prefecture in the San'in region of Japan. The ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1971.

Provincial temple
The Kokubun-ji (国分寺; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.bɯɲ.dʑi(ꜜ)]) are Buddhist temples established in each of the provinces of Japan by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). The official name for each temple was Konkomyo Shitenno Gokoku-ji (Konkōmyō Shitennō Gokoku-ji )
Fer language
The Fer language, also Dam Fer or Fertit, one of several languages called Kara ("Kara of Birao"), is a Central Sudanic language spoken by some five thousand people in the northern Central African Republic near the Sudanese and Chadian borders, in the region known as Dar Runga.

While the Ethnologue leaves it unclassified, it appears to be a Bongo–Bagirmi language within the Central Sudanic family (Lionel Bender, Pascal Boyeldieu); Roger Blench classifies "Fer" as Bagirmi, but "Kara of Birao" as one of the related Kara languages.

Dar Runga
Dar Runga was a sultanate in what is today southern Chad. It was a tributary state of the Ouaddai Empire. It was conquered by Rabih az-Zubayr in 1890 and annexed to its former vassal, the sultanate of Dar al Kuti.
Dennys Reyes
Dennys Reyes Velarde (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdenis ˈreʝes]; born April 19, 1977) is a Mexican former professional baseball pitcher. In more than a decade-long career in Major League Baseball (MLB), he played for 11 different teams, often as a left-handed specialist. Nicknamed "The Big Sweat", during his career he was listed at 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) and 250 pounds (110 kg). He held the MLB record for games pitched by a Mexico-born player with 673, until surpassed by Joakim Soria in 2019.

Left-handed specialist
In baseball, a left-handed specialist (also known as lefty specialist) is a relief pitcher who throws left-handed and specializes in pitching to left-handed batters, weak right-handed batters, and switch-hitters who bat poorly right-handed. Because baseball practices permanent substitution, these pitchers frequently pitch to a very small number of batters in any given game (historically, often only one), and rarely pitch to strictly right-handed batters. Most Major League Baseball (MLB) teams have several left-handed pitchers on their rosters, at least one of whom is a left-handed specialist. A left-handed specialist is sometimes called a LOOGY (or Lefty One-Out GuY), coined by John Sickels, and may be used pejoratively.
Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar
Neminath Jain Temple, originally known as Karnavihara, is a Jain temple dedicated to the Jain tirthankara Neminatha. It is on Girnar hill, near the city of Junagadh in Gujarat, India. The temple is the foremost temple among all of the Girnar Jain temples. The oldest part of the present temple was built c. 1129 CE, using Māru-Gurjara architecture. More shrines and idols in the temple have been installed throughout its history.

The central temple has three components, which are the central shrine (mulaprasada), the principal hall (gudhamandapa), and an outer-hall (mandapa). Each of the halls are situated in a large courtyard surrounded by a series of shrine cells along a passage. The courtyard also includes several other shrines to Neminatha.

Junagadh
Junagadh (જૂનાગઢⓘ) is the city and headquarters of Junagadh district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Located at the foot of the Girnar hills, 355 kilometres (221 mi) southwest of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar (the state capital), it is the seventh largest city in the state.

Literally translated, Junagadh means "Old Fort". It was a part of Saurashtra state and later Bombay state. In 1960, in consequence of the Maha Gujarat movement, it became part of the newly formed Gujarat state.
She Loves You
"She Loves You" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and released as a single in the United Kingdom on 23 August 1963. The single set and surpassed several sales records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964. It remains the band's best-selling single in the UK and was the top-selling single of the 1960s there by any artist.

In November 2004, Rolling Stone ranked "She Loves You" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In August 2009, at the end of its "Beatles Weekend", BBC Radio 2 announced that "She Loves You" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by the Official Charts Company.

In Canada, the song was included on the album Twist and Shout. In the US, it was the final song on The Beatles' Second Album.

Twist and Shout (album)
Twist and Shout is the Beatles' second album released in Canada, in mono by Capitol Records (catalogue number T-6054) on 3 February 1964. It consists of songs mostly drawn from Please Please Me, their first LP released in the United Kingdom. This album, like its parent album, contains both original Beatles songs, as well as covers (including its namesake, "Twist and Shout"), denoted in the track listing.
Martha & Ethel
Martha & Ethel is a 1994 documentary film directed by Jyll Johnstone.  It premiered at the 1994 Sundance Film Festival and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. It was subsequently nominated for a Directors Guild of America award, losing to Steve James for Hoop Dreams. The film was distributed in theaters by Sony Pictures Classics and on home video by Columbia TriStar Home Video.

Sony Pictures Classics
Sony Pictures Classics Inc. is an American arthouse film production and distribution company that is an autonomous division of Sony Pictures Entertainment and part of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group. It was founded in January 1992 by former Orion Classics heads Michael Barker, Tom Bernard and Marcie Bloom. It distributes, produces and acquires specialty films such as documentaries, independent and arthouse films. As of 2015, Barker and Bernard are co-presidents of the division.
Green Hell (film)
Green Hell is a 1940 American  jungle adventure film directed by James Whale, starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr. and Joan Bennett.

Green Hell was given a lavish production by Universal Pictures, which built a massive indoor jungle set on a sound stage. An Inca temple 125 feet high, 225 feet wide, and 45,000 square feet in area was constructed. Having spent a great deal of money on a film that turned out to be a critical and financial disaster, Universal used the set again, recycling it into an Egyptian temple for The Mummy's Hand (1940).

Whale made only one more completed film after this, the 1941 World War II romantic melodrama They Dare Not Love, starring George Brent as an exiled Austrian prince fighting the Nazis.

Sound stage
A sound stage (also written soundstage) is a large, soundproof structure, building or room with large doors and high ceilings, used for the production of theatrical film-making and television productions, usually located on a secured movie or television studio property.

Compared to a silent stage, a sound stage is sound-proofed so that sound can be recorded along with the images. The recordings are known as production sound. Because most sound in movies, other than dialogue, is added in post-production, this generally means that the main difference between the two is that sound stages are used for dialogue scenes, but silent stages are not. An alternative to production sound is to record additional dialogue during post-production (known as dubbing).
Family Pharmacy
Family Pharmacy is a network of 2,100 independently owned and operated pharmacies. AmerisourceBergen owns the servicemark Family Pharmacy. AmerisourceBergen also supplies Good Neighbor Pharmacy, a similar but distinct network. It can be considered a retailers' cooperative.

Retailers' cooperative
A retailers' cooperative is a type of cooperative which employs economies of scale on behalf of its retailer members. Retailers' cooperatives use their purchasing power to acquire discounts from manufacturers and often share marketing expenses. A retailers' cooperative is essentially a group of independently owned businesses that pool their resources to purchase in bulk, usually by establishing a central buying organization, and engage in joint promotion efforts. It is common for locally owned grocery stores, hardware stores, and pharmacies to participate in retailers' cooperatives.

Both consumers' cooperatives and workers' cooperatives should be distinguished from a retailers' cooperative.
Logistic Battalion "Pozzuolo del Friuli"
The Logistic Battalion "Pozzuolo del Friuli" (Italian: Battaglione Logistico "Pozzuolo del Friuli") is an inactive military logistics battalion of the Italian Army, which was assigned to the Cavalry Brigade "Pozzuolo del Friuli". The battalion's anniversary falls, as for all units of the Italian Army's Transport and Materiel Corps, on 22 May, the anniversary of the Royal Italian Army's first major use of automobiles to transport reinforcements to the Asiago plateau to counter the Austro-Hungarian Asiago Offensive in May 1916.

Visco, Friuli Venezia Giulia
Visco (Friulian: Visc) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 723 and an area of 3.5 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi).

Visco borders the following municipalities: Aiello del Friuli, Bagnaria Arsa, Palmanova, San Vito al Torre.
Rapid Rectilinear
The Rapid Rectilinear also named Aplanat is a famous photographic lens design.

The Rapid Rectilinear is a lens that is symmetrical about its aperture stop with four elements in two groups. It was introduced by John Henry Dallmeyer in 1866. The symmetry of the design greatly reduces radial distortion, improving on the Petzval lens.

Distortion (optics)
In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image. It is a form of optical aberration that may be distinguished from other aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, chromatic aberration, field curvature, and astigmatism in a sense that these impact the image sharpness without changing an object shape or structure in the image (e.g., a straight line in an object is still a straight line in the image although the image sharpness may be degraded by the mentioned aberrations) while distortion can change the object structure in the image (so named as distortion).
The Most Important Man
The Most Important Man is an opera in three acts with music and libretto by Gian Carlo Menotti. Commissioned by Julius Rudel for the New York City Opera, the work premiered at Lincoln Center in 1971 in a production directed by Menotti with sets designed by Oliver Smith and costumes by Frank Thompson. An opera focusing on racial tensions in Africa with a central black hero, the work was poorly received by most critics. However, Menotti personally believed that this was one of his best operas on par with The Consul and The Saint of Bleecker Street. The work's first European performance was at the Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi in Trieste, Italy, on January 17, 1972. The opera uses Menotti's characteristic lyrical style which is inspired by Puccini and the Italian verismo opera tradition. In this work he infuses African percussion and rhythms, much in the way Puccini infused Asian inspired melodies and musical practices into his opera Madama Butterfly.

Verismo
In opera, verismo (Italian for 'realism'), from vero, meaning 'true', was a post-Romantic operatic tradition associated with Italian composers such as Pietro Mascagni, Ruggero Leoncavallo, Umberto Giordano, Francesco Cilea and Giacomo Puccini.

Verismo as an operatic genre had its origins in an Italian literary movement of the same name. This was in turn related to the international literary movement of naturalism as practised by Émile Zola and others. Like naturalism, the verismo literary movement sought to portray the world with greater realism. In so doing, Italian verismo authors such as Giovanni Verga wrote about subject matter, such as the lives of the poor, that had not generally been seen as a fit subject for literature.
Free Jimmy
Free Jimmy (No: Slipp Jimmy fri) is a 2006 adult animated black comedy film. written and directed by comic book artist Christopher Nielsen and features a number of characters from Nielsen's comics. The plot centers around a group of individuals from different countries trying to find a wayward and drug-addicted elephant in the Norwegian wilderness before the others do.

The film is dedicated to Joachim Nielsen (1964–2000), the director's brother and a rock musician famous in his native Norway, who had died of a drug overdose after quitting them successfully for many years. Whilst well received in its native country, reception to Free Jimmy has been generally negative in the English-speaking world.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
José Aybar
José M. Aybar, full name José Manuel Aybar de Soto, is the former president of Richard J. Daley College in Chicago, one of the City Colleges of Chicago. He has attracted nationwide attention for his innovative approach to remedial instruction at the college level, which has led to a doubling of pass rates for students in remedial courses at Daley College.

Aybar was one of only two presidents in the City Colleges system to be retained after a 2011 leadership shakeup by incoming mayor Rahm Emanuel. As the Latino president of a college serving a majority-Latino student body, he has been profiled as a key Hispanic leader in higher education by Hispanic Outlook and Latino Leaders Magazine.

In addition to his native languages English and Spanish, Aybar is fluent in Russian and proficient in French.

The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education
The Hispanic Outlook on Higher Education (HO) is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on higher learning for Hispanics. It's notable for its annual Top 100 list of colleges and universities awarding degrees to Hispanic students.

Published biweekly, except in June, July, and August, HO covers events, news, and ongoing trends that affect multicultural institutions of the 21st century.

As of September 2008, HO started posting a selection of articles online. As of December 2011, HO started the digital format of the magazine with free Apps available on iTunes and Google Play. As of June 2013, Hispanic Outlook has kept its presence as a full color digital magazine.

HO is a member of NAHP, NAHJ, NCCHC, ACE and AAHHE.
Peter Holder
Peter John Holder (born 11 October 1964) is an Australian magazine publisher, journalist and non-fiction writer. In January 2013, Bauer Media Group appointed him as publisher of its joint venture titles with Hearst Magazines International. The group's magazines include Harper's Bazaar and Elle. He left Bauer Media in 2014 after 11 years employment. Holder was appointed as the acting managing director of the Daily Mail Australia in February 2015. By the May of that year he became permanent managing director of the Mail in Australia. He is an Industry Member of the Australian Press Council.

Bauer Media Group
Heinrich Bauer Publishing (German: Heinrich Bauer Verlag KG), trading as Bauer Media Group, is a German multimedia conglomerate headquartered in Hamburg. It operates worldwide and owns more than 600 magazines, over 400 digital products and 50 radio and TV stations, as well as print shops, postal, distribution and marketing services. It also operates out-of-home advertising across Europe, following its takeover of Clear Channel Europe in April 2025. Bauer has a workforce of approximately 11,000 in 17 countries.

Bauer Verlagsgruppe has been managed by five generations of the Bauer family. In November 2010, Heinz Heinrich's daughter Yvonne Bauer became CEO and 85% owner of the Bauer Media Group after joining the family business in 2005.

In February 2021, Bauer Media Group announced it was to acquire Ireland's Communicorp Group, subject to regulatory approval. The acquisition was completed on 1 June 2021.
André Le Gal
Andre Le Gal (1946-2013) was a French writer. He wrote around a dozen novels, among which are Le Shangaïé, winner of the Prix Maison de la Presse, and Ensemble de ses travaux, winner of the Prix Amic, awarded by the Academie Francaise.

He was also awarded Citoyen d'honneur by the town of Saint-Malo.

Saint-Malo
Saint-Malo (UK: /sæ̃ ˈmɑːloʊ/, US: /ˌsæ̃ məˈloʊ/, French: [sɛ̃ malo] ⓘ; Gallo: Saent-Malô; Breton: Sant-Maloù) is a historic French port commune in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany.

The walled city on the English Channel coast has a long history of piracy, earning much wealth from local extortion and overseas adventures. In 1944, during World War II, the Allies heavily bombed Saint-Malo. The city became a popular tourist centre, with a ferry terminal serving the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey, as well as the Southern English settlements of Portsmouth, Hampshire and Poole, Dorset.

The transatlantic single-handed yacht race Route du Rhum, which takes place every four years in November, is between Saint Malo and Pointe-à-Pitre in Guadeloupe.