hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Watkins Mill High School
Watkins Mill High School is a public high school located in Gaithersburg, an incorporated city in Montgomery County, Maryland.

The school is named after the Watkins family, who owned a mill on the property. The school opened in 1989 at 269,706 ft² with a 28,140 ft² addition in 1994 and a 3,733 ft² in 1999 with 300 ft² of renovation. The school now encompasses 301,579 ft².

Watkins Mill is home to such programs as the International Baccalaureate Program, PLTW, and Academy of Finance. Watkins Mill is part of the Montgomery County Public Schools system. It is one of four public high schools in the county to have a wellness center.

Montgomery County Public Schools (Maryland)
Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) is the public school district of Montgomery County, Maryland. With 211 schools, it is the largest school district in the state of Maryland. For the 2024-25 school year, the district had about 159,671 students taught by about 13,994 teachers, 86.4 percent of whom had a master's degree or equivalent. MCPS receives nearly half of Montgomery County’s budget—47.3% in fiscal year 2026.

As of July 2025, the superintendent of the district is Thomas W. Taylor. The board of education includes nine members, including the superintendent and a student member, who votes on all issues except punishment for individuals; in 2025–26, the student board member is Anuva Maloo.

In 2010, MCPS was awarded a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.
ZAKA
ZAKA (Hebrew: זק"א, abbreviation for Zihuy Korbanot Ason, זיהוי קרבנות אסון‎, lit. 'Disaster Victim Identification') is a series of voluntary post-disaster response teams in Israel, each operating in a police district (two in the Central District due to geographic considerations). They are recognized by the Israeli government. The full name is "ZAKA – Identification, Extraction and Rescue – True Kindness" (זק"א - איתור חילוץ והצלה - חסד של אמת‎). The two largest ZAKA factions are Zaka Tel Aviv and ZAKA Search and Rescue.

ZAKA faced insolvency before 7 October 2023. Given the job of retrieving the dead bodies after the October 7 attacks, they started fund-raising on 8 October 2023. By 31 January 2024, they had raised over 50 million shekels ($13.7 million). According to Haaretz, ZAKA's conduct in the aftermath of the attacks was unprofessional, including mixing up remains and spreading misinformation about atrocities that never happened in order to raise money.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Metal complexes of diamines
Metal complexes of diamines refers to coordination complexs of diamine ligands.  The most common complexes are those of ethylenediamine.  Complexes of en and related diamines have been thoroughly studied for their fundamental properties.  In a practical sense, diamines are mainly used to make polyamides such as nylon 66, not coordination complexes.  This class of compounds are closely related to metal ammine complexes.

Nylon 66
Nylon 66 (loosely written nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6, nylon 6,6, or nylon 6:6) is a type of polyamide or nylon. It, and nylon 6, are the two most common for textile and plastic industries. Nylon 66 is made of two monomers each containing six carbon atoms, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, which give nylon 66 its name. Aside from its superior physical characteristics, nylon 66 is attractive because its precursors are inexpensive.
Lil Bub
Lil Bub, officially Lil BUB (June 21, 2011 – December 1, 2019), was an American celebrity cat known for her unique physical appearance. Her photos were first posted to Tumblr in November 2011, before taking off after being featured on the social news website Reddit. "Lil Bub" on Facebook has over three million likes. Lil Bub starred in Lil Bub & Friendz, a documentary that premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 18, 2013, and won the Tribeca Online Festival Best Feature Film.

Like button
A like button, like option, or recommend button is a feature in communication software such as social networking services, Internet forums, news websites and blogs where the user can express that they like or support certain content. Internet services that feature like buttons usually display the number of users who liked the content, and may show a full or partial list of them. This is a quantitative alternative to other methods of expressing reaction to content, like writing a reply text.  It is the most used feature on social media.

Some websites also include a dislike button, so the user can either vote in favor, against or neutrally. Other websites include more complex web content voting systems; for example, five stars or reaction buttons to show a wider range of emotion to the content.
Serie A (women's rugby union)
Serie A is the second division of the national women's rugby union competition in Italy. It was established by the Italian Rugby Federation in 2022, it took over the name from the first division championship, which adopted it for the previous 31 editions before being renamed Eccellenza and then Serie A Elite in 2023.

Calvisano won the inaugural Serie A 2022–23 season.

Italian Rugby Federation
The Italian Rugby Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Rugby) or FIR is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in Italy. The FIR has one seat on the 28-member World Rugby Council, the governing body of World Rugby. (All other members of the Six Nations have two seats on the council.)

There are two fully professional Italian clubs that play in the United Rugby Championship, in the European Rugby Champions Cup and in the European Rugby Challenge Cup — Benetton and Zebre. There are twelve semi-professional Italian clubs that play in the Top12, four of which qualify to play in the European Rugby Challenge Cup Qualifying Competition to qualify to the European Rugby Challenge Cup.
Quaternionic analysis
In mathematics, quaternionic analysis is the study of functions with quaternions as the domain and/or range. Such functions can be called functions of a quaternion variable just as functions of a real variable or a complex variable are called.

As with complex and real analysis, it is possible to study the concepts of analyticity, holomorphy, harmonicity and conformality in the context of quaternions. Unlike the complex numbers and like the reals, the four notions do not coincide.

Harmonic function
In mathematics, mathematical physics and the theory of stochastic processes, a harmonic function is a twice continuously differentiable function  where U is an open subset of ⁠⁠ that satisfies Laplace's equation, that is,

everywhere on U. This is usually written as

or
Narsingpura
Narsingpura is one of the Jain communities. It originated from the Mewar (Rajasthan) region. Many of them have migrated to Gujarat, MP, and recently to Maharashtra.

Narsingpura community follows Digambar Jain sect. According to tradition, it was founded by  Acharya Ramasena who belonged to Kashtha Sangh order, at a town called Narsingpura Patan of Mewad, now Lunada in Dist Udaipur.

The last Bhattaraka of the Kashtha Sangh Naditat Gaccha at Pratapgarh was Bhattarak Yashkirtijee Maharaj ordained in Samvat 1974. His disciples Pandit Raamchandraji and Daadamchandji have compiled the historical account of the community. They follow the Bispanth traditions.

They have an organization All India  Narsingpura Mahasabha. Kesariaji tirtha is of special significance to this community.

Bhattaraka
A Bhaṭṭāraka (Jain Prakrit: भट्टारक; lit. 'holy one') heads traditional Digambara Jain institutions. He is responsible for training scholars, maintenance of libraries, managing endowments, presiding over installation ceremonies and running Jain institutions.

Epigraphist "K. V. Ramesh" notes that the title Bhaṭṭāraka (male) or Bhaṭṭārikā (female) is the highest monastic administrative rank among Digambara Jainism and denotes senior religious authority, not a designation for ordinary śrāvakas or laypersons. In the Digambara tradition, ordinary śrāvakas and prathimādhāris (those who maintain an image or follow daily devotion) practice the core religious duties, but only those who have taken advanced monastic or administrative responsibilities and strictly follow the dharma in its deepest sense are elevated to the rank of "Bhaṭṭāraka" or "Bhaṭṭārikā". and Bhaṭṭāraka title is exclusive to Jainism and not associated with any other religious tradition.
Chip Beall
Charles "Chip" Beall (born March 17, 1954) is an American television host. Beall has hosted several student quiz shows including Texaco Star National Academic Championship, which was broadcast on the Discovery Channel, and Whiz Quiz. He is the president of Questions Unlimited, a company that writes questions for quiz bowl competitions. Their flagship event is the National Academic Championship.

Whiz Quiz
Whiz Quiz is a local TV program produced by WPBS-TV in Watertown, New York. It invites over 30 high-schools from across the North Country to participate in a quizbowl-style tournament. It debuted in 1980, and has been on the air since. The show  airs on WPBS Mondays through Thursdays at 7:30 p.m in the months of October and November. The American Championship Game starts at 8:00 p.m. The Championship Match is an hour-long show, with double the amount of questions.

Whiz Quiz was hosted by Glenn Gough, a former sports anchor for WWNY-TV. In the fall of 1979, Glenn joined WPBS as a producer. In 1980, when Whiz Quiz premiered, he was co-host alongside Eddie Carvin. Glenn was on the show from its inception until his retirement in 2018. Glenn was replaced by Jeremy Graves for the 2018 season. Graves was replaced by Joleene DesRosiers for the 2019 season.  Mel Busler is the host starting in October 2024.
Gauss (surname)
Gauss or Gauß or Gausz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), German universal mathematician and physicist

Friedrich Gustav Gauss (1829–1915), German geologist, who also published some well-known logarithm tables (and thereby sometimes gets confused with Carl Friedrich Gauss, who introduced Gaussian logarithms earlier on)

Christian Gauss (1878-1951), American literary critic

Ernst Gauss, one of several pseudonyms of Germar Rudolf (b. 1964), German Holocaust denier and chemist

Karl Johann Gauss (1875–1957), a Notable German Obstetrician and Professor

Clarence E. Gauss (1887–1960), US Ambassador to China and Australia

"Gauss" is also (rarely) used as a given name, e.g.:

Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro, Brazilian engineer

Gaussian logarithm
In mathematics, addition and subtraction logarithms or Gaussian logarithms can be utilized to find the logarithms of the sum and difference of a pair of values whose logarithms are known, without knowing the values themselves.

Their mathematical foundations trace back to Zecchini Leonelli and Carl Friedrich Gauss in the early 1800s.

The operations of addition and subtraction can be calculated by the formulas

where

,

,

, and

.

The "sum" function  and the "difference" function  are also known as Gaussian logarithms.

For natural logarithms with  the following identities with hyperbolic functions exist:

This shows that  has a Taylor expansion where all but the first term are rational and all odd terms except the linear term are zero.

The simplification of multiplication, division, roots, and powers is counterbalanced by the cost of evaluating these functions for addition and subtraction.
Zi Helen Huang
Zi Helen Huang is a Chinese and Australian computer scientist whose research focuses on processing multimedia data, including multimedia information retrieval and multimedia search, social data analysis, and knowledge extraction. She is a professor in the University of Queensland School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, where she is discipline leader for data science.

Huang has a 2001 bachelor's degree in computer science from Tsinghua University. She completed a Ph.D. in 2007 from the University of Queensland School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering.

Huang was named as an IEEE Fellow in 2025, "for contributions to multi-modal data management". She was also elected as an ACM Fellow, in the 2025 class of fellows, "for contributions to large-scale multimedia content understanding, indexing and retrieval".

Multimedia information retrieval
Multimedia information retrieval (MMIR or MIR) is a research discipline of computer science that aims at extracting semantic information from multimedia data sources. Data sources include directly perceivable media such as audio, image and video, indirectly perceivable sources such as text, semantic descriptions, biosignals as well as not perceivable sources such as bioinformation, stock prices, etc. The methodology of MMIR can be organized in three groups:

Methods for the summarization of media content (feature extraction). The result of feature extraction is a description.

Methods for the filtering of media descriptions (for example, elimination of redundancy)

Methods for the categorization of media descriptions into classes.
National Women's Studies Association
The National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) is an organization founded in 1977, made up of scholars and practitioners in the field of women's studies also known as women's and gender studies, feminist studies, and related names in the 21st century.

Their mission is to further the development of women's studies throughout the world through open dialogue and communication. Since its inception, NWSA has been the subject of controversy based on its failure to include marginalized women in the conversation. The NWSA offer two types of memberships, individual and institutional, both of which offer a variety of different benefits. In addition to hosting annual conferences, NWSA also provides access to constituency groups, and offers various awards, including NWSA Book Prizes, Women's Center Committee Awards, and Student Awards and Prizes.

Salem State University
Salem State University (Salem State or SSU) is a public university in Salem, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1854, it is the oldest and largest institute of higher education on the North Shore and is part of the state university system in Massachusetts.

The university offers a wide range of bachelor's and master's degrees as well as post-master's certificates in more than 40 academic disciplines. It is the only member of the Massachusetts public higher education system with a graduate program in social work. As of Fall 2020, Salem State enrolled 5,716 undergraduate and 1,526 graduate, full- and part-time students, from 37 states and 48 foreign countries.
Sir Thomas Wroth, 3rd Baronet
Sir Thomas Wroth, 3rd Baronet (c.1674–1721) of Petherton Park, Somerset was an English High Sheriff and Member of Parliament.

He was born the only surviving son of Sir John Wroth, 2nd Baronet, of Petherton Park. He succeeded his father in 1677 as a very young child, inheriting his Petherton Park estate. He was educated at Winchester School.

He was MP in succession for Bridgwater from 1701 to 1708, for Somerset from 1710 to 1713 and for Wells for 1713 to 1715. He was pricked High Sheriff of Somerset for 1708–09.

He died in 1721. He had married in 1693 Mary, the daughter of Thomas Osbaldeston of Aldersbrook, Essex and had 2 daughters. The baronetcy thus became extinct. His estate was inherited by his eldest daughter Cicely and her husband Sir Hugh Acland, 6th Baronet. His younger daughter Elizabeth married lawyer and MP Thomas Palmer, FRS.

Wells (UK Parliament constituency)
Wells was a constituency in Somerset in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Apart from between 2010–2015, Wells was represented by members of the Conservative Party since 1924.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished, with most of it being transferred to the new constituency of Wells and Mendip Hills, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.
William Alchesay
Alchesay, also known as William Alchesay, Alchisay and Alchise (Western Apache: Tsájń,, lit. '(the) Swollen'; May 17, 1853 – August 6, 1928), was a chief of the White Mountain Apache tribe and an Indian Scout. He received the United States military's highest decoration for bravery, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the Indian Wars.

He tried to convince Geronimo to surrender peacefully on behalf of the United States government and remained friends with Geronimo until his death. After the wars were over he returned home to his wives and became a rancher and was active in Indian affairs.

Western Apache language
The Western Apache language is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken among the 14,000 Western Apaches in Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua and in east-central Arizona. There are approximately 6,000 speakers living on the San Carlos Reservation and 7,000 living on the Fort Apache Reservation. In Mexico, they mainly live in Hermosillo, Sonora, and other native communities in Chihuahua.
Hypostomus carvalhoi
Hypostomus carvalhoi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Jaguaribe River basin. The species reaches 14.2 cm (5.6 inches) SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
The Eye of the Beholder (Star Trek: The Animated Series)
"The Eye of the Beholder" is the fifteenth and penultimate episode of the first season of the American animated science fiction television series Star Trek: The Animated Series. It first aired in the NBC Saturday morning lineup on January 5, 1974, and was written by David P. Harmon. Harmon also worked on the original Star Trek series, writing the episode "The Deadly Years" and co-writing "A Piece of the Action" with Gene L. Coon.

In this episode, while investigating the disappearance of a Federation starship, the Enterprise command crew become imprisoned as part of an exhibit in an alien zoo.

Gene L. Coon
Eugene Lee Coon (January 7, 1924 – July 8, 1973) was an American screenwriter, television producer, and novelist. He is best remembered for his work on the original Star Trek as a screenwriter, story editor, and showrunner from the middle of the series' first season to the middle of the second. Along with series creator Gene Roddenberry, Coon is given credit for the show's idealistic tone and for creating several key story and world-building elements that would become important parts of the ongoing franchise.
John Joseph Dearin
John Joseph Dearin (ca 1818 – July 25, 1890) was a pharmacist and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's East in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1873 to 1878, from 1882 to 1885 and from 1889 to 1890.

He was born in St. John's, the son of William Dearin and Elizabeth King. Dearin apprenticed with a pharmacist in St. John's and then worked in Harbour Grace. He returned to St. John's where he opened an apothecary shop with his brother in the 1840s. Dearin also practised as a dentist. He opposed union with Canada. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1878 and 1885. Dearin died in office in St. John's in 1890.

St. John's East (federal electoral district)
St. John's East (French: St. John's-Est; formerly known as St. John's North) is a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1949.

It covers a part of St. John's. For a brief period in 2003 and 2004, it was known as "St. John's North".

In the 2019 federal election, former NDP MP Jack Harris defeated incumbent MP Nick Whalen in a rematch of the 2015 election. Harris retired in 2021, and Liberal Joanne Thompson won the seat.
Jatun Kimray Punta
Jatun Kimray Punta (Quechua jatun big, kimray, kinray slope, also spelled Jatun Quinray Punta) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,560 m (14,960 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Quillacollo Province, Quillacollo Municipality. Jatun Kimray Punta lies east of P'utu P'utu.

Quillacollo Municipality
Quillacollo Municipality is the first municipal section of the Quillacollo Province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Quillacollo. At the time of census 2001 the municipality had 104,206 inhabitants.
Alex Mustakas
Alex Mustakas is a Canadian actor and theatre director.  He is the founding Artistic Director of Drayton Entertainment, a not-for-profit professional theatre company based in Southwestern Ontario. His current title is Founder and CEO.

Artistic director
An artistic director is the executive of an arts organization, particularly in a theatre company or dance company, who handles the organization's artistic direction. They are generally a producer and director, but not in the sense of a mogul, since the organization is generally a non-profit organization. The artistic director of a theatre company is the individual with the overarching artistic control of the theatre's production choices, directorial choices, and overall artistic vision.  In smaller theatres, the artistic director may be the founder of the theatre and the primary director of its plays.  In larger non-profit theatres (often known in Canada and the United States as regional theatres), the artistic director may be appointed by the board of directors.
SS Howard Gray
SS Howard Gray was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Howard Gray, an official with the Public Works Administration that was also active in the Alabama 4-H Club.

Howard Gray
Howard Gray (born 15 July 1962) is an English musician, sound engineer, programmer, composer, re-mixer and producer who has worked with Public Image Ltd, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, Kirsty MacColl, the Armoury Show, the Pale Fountains, Japan, the Stranglers, Simple Minds, the Pretenders, XTC, UB40, Scritti Politti, Cherubs, Terence Trent D'Arby, Jean Michel Jarre, the Cure, Manic Street Preachers, U2, Puff Daddy & Jimmy Page, Tom Jones and Van Morrison.

He is a founding member of the dance/rock group Apollo 440.
Kireeti Damaraju
Kireeti Damaraju is an Indian actor who works in Telugu cinema. He has learned acting and done theatre before venturing into films. He has played supporting roles in films such as Uyyala Jampala (2013), Yevade Subramanyam (2015), Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi (2017) and Mental Madhilo (2017). He was also a contestant in the reality TV show Bigg Boss 2.

Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi
Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi (transl. There Is Only One Life) is a 2017 Indian Telugu-language coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Kishore Tirumala. Produced by Sravanthi Ravi Kishore and Krishna Chaitanya Pothineni, under Sravanthi Cinematics and PR Cinemas, it stars Ram Pothineni, Sree Vishnu, Lavanya Tripathi and Anupama Parameswaran.

The principal photography was completed in 2017. The film released on 27 October 2017, to mixed reviews from critics. At the box office, it earned ₹20 crore and was termed a moderate box office success.