hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sclerometer
The sclerometer, also known as the Turner-sclerometer (from Ancient Greek: σκληρός meaning "hard"), is an instrument used by metallurgists, material scientists and mineralogists to measure the scratch hardness of materials. It was invented in 1896 by Thomas Turner (1861–1951), the first Professor of metallurgy in Britain, at the University of Birmingham.

The Turner-Sclerometer test consists of measuring the amount of load required to make a scratch.
 In test a weighted diamond point is drawn, once forward and once backward, over the smooth surface of the material to be tested. The hardness number is the weight in grams required to produce a standard scratch. The scratch selected is one which is just visible to the naked eye as a dark line on a bright reflecting surface. It is also the scratch which can just be felt with the edge of a quill when the latter is drawn over the smooth surface at right angles to a series of such scratches produced by regularly increasing weights.

Structural load
A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. A load causes stress, deformation, displacement or acceleration  in a structure. Structural analysis, a discipline in engineering, analyzes the effects of loads on structures and structural elements. Excess load may cause structural failure, so this should be considered and controlled during the design of a structure. Particular  mechanical structures—such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships, and submarines—are subject to their own particular structural loads and actions. Engineers often evaluate structural loads based upon published regulations, contracts, or specifications.  Accepted technical standards are used for acceptance testing and inspection.
Liu Cheng-chuan
Liu Cheng-chuan (Traditional Chinese:劉峻銓) is a Taiwanese professional pool player. He was still active in the 2006 WPA Men's World Nine-ball Championship.  He was eventually eliminated by runner-up Ralf Souquet in the quarter-finals.  Nevertheless, his performance secured him a spot in the 2007 edition of the tournament.

WPA World Nine-ball Championship
The WPA World Nine-ball Championship is an annual professional nine-ball pool tournament contested since 1990. The championship is sanctioned by the World Pool Association (WPA) and principally sponsored and organized by Matchroom Sport, who promote the event as the World Pool Championship.  The championship has men's, women's, youth and wheelchair divisions.
Adelbert Edward Hanna
Adelbert Edward Hanna (May 29, 1863 – February 27, 1918) was a physician and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Lanark South from 1913 to 1917 as a Conservative and Lanark from 1917 to 1918 as a Unionist Party member.

He was born in Harlem, Canada West, the son of James K. Hanna and Jane Gallagher, and was educated in Athens, at McGill University and the University of Edinburgh. He practised medicine in Perth. Hanna was surgeon for the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1895, he married Bessie Scott. Hanna was first elected to the House of Commons in a 1913 by-election held after the death of John Graham Haggart. He died in office in Westmount, Quebec at the age of 54.

Westmount
Westmount (French pronunciation: [wɛstmaunt]) is a city on the Island of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada. Enclaved by the city of Montreal, it had a population of 19,658 in the 2021 Canadian census.

Westmount is home to schools, an arena, a pool, a public library and a number of parks, including Westmount Park, King George Park (also known as Murray Hill Park) and Westmount Summit. The city operates its own electricity distribution company Westmount Light & Power (Hydro-Westmount).  The city is also the location of two Canadian Forces Primary Reserve units: The Royal Montreal Regiment and 34th Signals Regiment.

Traditionally, the community of Westmount has been a wealthy and predominantly anglophone enclave, having been at one point the richest community in Canada. It is still the most affluent neighbourhood in Canada outside of Toronto, Vancouver, and Calgary.
Elly Ameling
Elisabeth Sara "Elly" Ameling (born 8 February 1933) is a Dutch soprano, who is particularly known for lieder recitals and for performing works by Johann Sebastian Bach. Performing with distinguished pianists and ensembles around the globe, she was awarded various honours and recording prizes.

Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Dutch: Koninklĳk Concertgebouworkest, pronounced [ˌkoːnɪŋklə kɔnˈsɛrtxəbʌu.ɔrˌkɛst]) is a Dutch symphony orchestra, established in 1888 at the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw (concert hall). It is considered one of the world's leading orchestras. It was known as the Concertgebouw Orchestra until Queen Beatrix conferred the "Royal" prefix upon it in celebration of its centenary in 1988; the prefix was also granted to the concert hall in 2013.
Richard Cromwell (actor)
Richard Cromwell (born LeRoy Melvin Radabaugh; January 8, 1910 – October 11, 1960) also known as Roy Radabaugh, was an American actor. His career was at its pinnacle with his work in Jezebel (1938) with Bette Davis and Henry Fonda and again with Fonda in John Ford's Young Mr. Lincoln (1939). Cromwell's fame was perhaps first assured in The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935), with Gary Cooper and Franchot Tone. That film was the first major effort directed by Henry Hathaway and it was based upon the popular novel by Francis Yeats-Brown. The Lives of a Bengal Lancer earned Paramount Studios a nomination for Best Picture in 1935, though Mutiny on the Bounty instead took the top award at the Academy Awards that year.

In The Filmgoer's Companion, Leslie Halliwell summed up Cromwell's enduring appeal when he described him as "a leading man, [the] gentle hero of early sound films."

Mutiny on the Bounty (1935 film)
Mutiny on the Bounty is a 1935 American historical adventure drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It dramatizes the mutiny of HMS Bounty, and is adapted from the novels Mutiny on the Bounty and Men Against the Sea by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall. It stars Charles Laughton as William Bligh, Clark Gable as Fletcher Christian, and Franchot Tone as Roger Byam (based on Peter Heywood). Despite historical inaccuracies, the film was a huge box office success, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1935 and one of MGM's biggest hits of the 1930s. The film was also a major critical success, and received a leading eight nominations at the 8th Academy Awards, winning Best Picture.
Santa Casa Museum of Póvoa de Varzim
Santa Casa Museum of Póvoa de Varzim (Portuguese: Museu da Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Póvoa de Varzim or simply Museu da Santa Casa or Museu da Misericórdia) is a museum with a religious theme located in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal.

The museum is located in Santa Casa da Misericórdia complex in Largo das Dores.

The museum's collection includes Pietà, a 16th-century Mannerist oil painting from the School of Luis de Morales, c. 1520–1586, Spain, with Italian and Flemish influences, the Ex-voto Senhor da Prisão (1817 painting from the ancient church of Misericórdia, the early main church of Póvoa de Varzim) and an icon of Saint Anthony of Padua or Lisbon (16th or 17th century), distinct from the common iconography. The icon of Saint Anthony of the museum is considered more accurate as it follows the description of a chronicler from Padua.

Anthony of Padua
Anthony of Padua, OFM, or Anthony of Lisbon; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões (15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor.

Anthony was born to and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in Padua, Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history, being canonized less than a year after his death.

He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946.
Krasninsky District, Lipetsk Oblast
Krasninsky District (Russian: Кра́снинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eighteen in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 980 square kilometers (380 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoye. Population: 13,374 (2021 Census); 13,498 (2010 Census);  15,728 (2002 Census); 16,335 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasnoye accounts for 27.2% of the district's total population.

Lipetsk Oblast
Lipetsk Oblast (Russian: Липецкая область, IPA: [ˈlʲipʲɪtskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Lipetsk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,143,224.
Cave of Bacinete
The Cave of Bacinete (Spanish: Cueva de Bacinete) is a cave located in Los Alcornocales Natural Park, Los Barrios, province of Andalusia, south Spain. It contains examples of prehistoric rock art and was declared Property of cultural interest in 1985.

Los Barrios
Los Barrios is a small town and municipality in the south of Spain. It is part of the province of Cádiz, which in turn is part of the Andalusia region. It belongs to the Campo de Gibraltar comarca. The town's name means “the districts” or “the neighbourhoods” in English.
Willow Plunge
Willow Plunge was a privately owned American swimming pool and recreational area in the middle Tennessee town of Franklin, near Nashville. The pool was in operation for over four decades during the mid-20th century. When it opened in 1924 it was the largest concrete swimming pool in the South and remained in operation until 1967. It featured two adjoining pools that were fed by a local spring. Sanitation was accomplished by replacing the pool water with fresh spring water on a regular schedule. The business was profitable, even during the Great Depression (1929–1939). In the 1930s it became one of the most popular and best equipped swimming pools in the United States according to the  Tennessean. After 43 years in existence, the pool was closed in 1967 and a historical marker is all that remains.

The Tennessean
The Tennessean (known until 1972 as The Nashville Tennessean) is a daily newspaper in Nashville, Tennessee.  Its circulation area covers 39 counties in Middle Tennessee and eight counties in southern Kentucky. It is owned by USA Today Co., which also owns several smaller community newspapers in Middle Tennessee, including The Dickson Herald, the Gallatin News-Examiner, the Hendersonville Star-News, the Fairview Observer, and the Ashland City Times. Its circulation area overlaps those of the Clarksville Leaf-Chronicle and The Daily News Journal in Murfreesboro, two other independent USA Today Co. owned papers. The company publishes several specialty publications, including Nashville Lifestyles magazine.
Msus Airfield
Msus Airfield was a World War II airfield located near Msus in Cyrenaica, Libya. It was established in 1941 for use by the Royal Air Force, and supported the Eighth Army advance in Libya until German capture in early 1942. However, following poor weather and constant strafing, it remained unused until Allied recapture by late 1942.

Msus
Msus or Zawiyat Msus (Arabic: زاوية مسوس), also  Masous is a village in eastern Libya located 130 km (81 mi) southeast of Benghazi, and 80 km (50 mi) from Suluq on the same direction. There is another road linking her with Charruba (about 69 km (43 mi) to the north).

Msus was a site of several battles between Italian colonial forces and Libyan resistance fighters, such as the one that took place on March 3, 1914, after the Battle of Sceleildima.
Joe Sexton
Joseph Clement Leonard Sexton (24 November 1905 – 21 April 1974) was a Labor member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1958 to 1966, representing the Division of Adelaide, South Australia.

Sexton gained preselection for Adelaide after sitting MP Cyril Chambers was expelled from the Labor Party for attacking the then leadership of H. V. Evatt in August 1957.

Sexton was defeated by Liberal candidate Andrew Jones at the 1966 federal election. He unsuccessfully sought Labor preselection to re-contest the seat in 1968, but was defeated by Chris Hurford.

Sexton died of a heart attack while on holiday in New Zealand in 1974.

1966 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 26 November 1966. All 124 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election. There was no Senate election until the 1967 Australian Senate election. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition government, led by Prime Minister Harold Holt, won an increased majority over the opposition Labor Party, led by Arthur Calwell, in a landslide. The Liberal–Country coalition two-party-preferred vote was 56.90%, its highest in its history.

This was the first and only time that a Federal Government won an eighth consecutive term in office.
Gerarus
Gerarus is an extinct genus of Archaeorthopteran insect, and is one of the most abundant genera of Carboniferous insects. They had a wingspan of up to 10 centimetres (4 in), and an inflated thorax armed with sharp spines up to 1 millimetre (0.04 in) long.

Thorax
The thorax (pl.: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments.

The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain.
Marcus Arroyo
Marcus Cole Arroyo (born January 23, 1980) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the offensive coordinator and quarterback coach at Arizona State. He served as the head football coach at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) from 2020 to 2022. Arroyo played as quarterback at San Jose State University.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
1928–29 Plunket Shield season
The 1928–29 Plunket Shield season was a tournament of the Plunket Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of New Zealand.

Auckland won the championship, finishing at the top of the points table at the end of the round-robin tournament between the four first-class sides, Auckland, Canterbury, Otago and Wellington.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
Arboretum de Camors
The Arboretum de Camors (Breton: Arboretum Kanmoroù) (1 hectare) is an arboretum located within the Forêt Domaniale de Camors at Lambel, Camors, Morbihan, Bretagne, France. It is open daily without charge.

The arboretum appears to have been created before 1945 along the railroad tracks that pass Lambel, where the Office National des Forêts planted 74 conifer varieties. Today, some have disappeared and many others were damaged by a storm in October 1987. The arboretum appears to be in decay and used primarily as a walking path.

National Forests Office (France)
The National Forests Office (French: Office national des forêts), or ONF, is a Government of France agency that manages the state forests, city forests and biological reserves. ONF is based in Paris.

The office is responsible for the sustainable management of France's approximately 10 million hectares of public forests. The ONF takes over their protection and carries out forestry policing tasks. Around 9,000 civil servants work at the ONF and its regional offices. ONF is under legislation of Ministère de l'Agriculture and Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire.
Crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease
Crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease, also known as Holliday junction resolvase, Holliday junction endonuclease, Holliday junction-cleaving endonuclease, Holliday junction-resolving endoribonuclease, crossover junction endoribonuclease, and cruciform-cutting endonuclease, is an enzyme involved in DNA repair and homologous recombination. Specifically, it performs endonucleolytic cleavage that results in single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA molecules at the Holliday junction to produce recombinant DNA products for chromosomal segregation. This process is known as Holliday junction resolution.

RuvABC
RuvABC is a complex of three proteins that mediate branch migration and resolve the Holliday junction created during homologous recombination in bacteria. As such, RuvABC is critical to bacterial DNA repair.

RuvA and RuvB bind to the four strand DNA structure formed in the Holliday junction intermediate, and migrate the strands through each other, using a putative spooling mechanism. The RuvAB complex can carry out DNA helicase activity, which helps unwind the duplex DNA. The binding of the RuvC protein to the RuvAB complex is thought to cleave the DNA strands, thereby resolving the Holliday junction.
Music of Ghana
There are many styles of traditional and modern music of Ghana. The best known modern genre originating in Ghana is Highlife. For many years, Highlife was the preferred music genre until the introduction of Hiplife and many others.

Balafon
The balafon (pronounced /ˈbæləfɒn/, or, by analogy with xylophone etc., /ˈbæləfoʊn/) is a gourd-resonated xylophone, a type of struck idiophone. It is closely associated with the neighbouring  Mandé, Bwaba Bobo, Senoufo and Gur peoples of West Africa, particularly the Guinean branch of the Mandinka ethnic group, but is now found across West Africa from  Guinea, Burkina Faso, Mali. Its common name, balafon, is likely a European coinage combining its Mandinka name ߓߟߊ bála ([bala˦]) with the word ߝߐ߲ fóo (nyáa) ([foː˦ ɲaː˦]) 'to say / method of saying' or the Greek root phono.
George Carleton Lacy
George Carleton Lacy (Chinese: 力宣德; Pinyin: Lì Xuāndé; Foochow Romanized: Lĭk Sŏng-dáik; December 28, 1888 – December 11, 1951) was an American Methodist missionary and the last Methodist bishop in mainland China.

Bàng-uâ-cê
Bàng-uâ-cê (abbr. BUC; Chinese: 平話字) or Fuzhou romanization (福州話羅馬字), is a Latin alphabet for the Fuzhou dialect of Eastern Min adopted in the middle of the 19th century by Western missionaries. It had varied at different times, and became standardized in the 1890s. Bàng-uâ-cê was mainly used inside of church circles, and was taught in some mission schools in Fuzhou. However, unlike its counterpart Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Hokkien, even in its prime days Bàng-uâ-cê was by no means universally understood by Christians.
Auxiliary Power's Demolition Derby and Figure 8 Race
Auxiliary Power's Demolition Derby and Figure 8 Race is a PC demolition derby and figure 8 racing game. The game was developed by John C. Ardussi with the help of real demolition derby drivers and officials.

Figure 8 racing
Figure 8 racing is a type of stock car racing in which automobiles race on an "8"-shaped track that purposely intersects itself, increasing the risk of collisions. Such contact between the participating vehicles, or at least the risk of such an occurrence, is an intentional part of the sport, with the intent being to damage them over the course of the race.

Figure 8 racing is most common and popular in the United States and Canada, and can be seen as the North American equivalent to the European motorsport of banger racing, which also uses modified derelict older-model cars in races where vehicle damage is an integral feature.
Takayuki Tsubaki
Takayuki Tsubaki (Japanese: 椿隆之, Hepburn: Tsubaki Takayuki; born June 28, 1982) is a Japanese actor and YouTuber best remembered for his role as Kazuma Kenzaki, the protagonist in the tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Blade.

On November 9, 2016, Tsubaki was seriously beaten and injured by a motorcyclist's younger brother with a golf club on his face during an argument with the motorcyclist at 9:00 PM. However, his Kamen Rider Blade co-stars Ryoji Morimoto and Takahiro Hojo confirmed that Tsubaki's condition is in good condition the following day.

Ryoji Morimoto
Ryoji Morimoto (森本 亮治, Morimoto Ryōji, born July 11, 1982, in Moriguchi, Osaka Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese actor who is affiliated with both Artist Box and Fireworks. He graduated from Osaka Municipal Sakuranomiya High School's Physical Education.
Hillary Diaz
Hillary Gnoko Diaz (born 24 July 2004) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Première Ligue club FC Fleury 91, on loan from Serie A club Inter Milan. She previously played for Nantes and Bordeaux.

Serie A Femminile
The Serie A (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈa]), also known as the Serie A Women Athora for sponsorship reasons, is the highest league of women's football in Italy. Established in 1968, it has been run by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) since the 2018–19 season, and currently features 12 teams.

The most successful club in the league's history is Torres, who have won seven times. The current Serie A champions are Juventus who have won their sixth title. As of the 2022–23 edition, the Serie A is ranked fifth in the UEFA women's coefficient, and the top three teams qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

The Serie A became fully-professional from the 2022–23 season, removing the salary cap and allowing teams to pay their players a higher wage. Women's footballers became the first female athletes in Italy to be fully professional. The number of teams also decreased from 12 to 10, though re-increased to 12 teams in the 2025–26 season.