hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spam mass
Spam mass is defined as "the measure of the impact of link spamming on a page's ranking."  The concept was developed by Zoltán Gyöngyi and Hector Garcia-Molina of Stanford University in association with Pavel Berkhin and Jan Pedersen of Yahoo!.  This paper expands upon their proposed TrustRank methodology.

The researchers developed a good core and a bad core of selected Web documents, from which they measured spam mass across a collection of documents.  Two types of measurements, absolute mass and relative mass, are used to compare groups of documents.  The higher the mass measurements, the more likely the documents are to be equivalent to spam.

Héctor García-Molina
Héctor García-Molina (26 November 1954 – 25 November 2019) was a Mexican computer scientist and Professor in the Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. He was the advisor to Google co-founder Sergey Brin from 1993 to 1997 when Brin was a computer science student at Stanford.
Senarica
Senarica (in Old Italian: Sinarcho) is a village in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. With a population of fewer than 300 people, it is a frazione of the comune of Crognaleto. The Vomano River flows nearby and the village is visible on a spur overlooking the gorge of the river.

It is west of Teramo City, in the Province of Teramo.

Teramo
Teramo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtɛːramo] ⓘ; Abruzzese: Tèreme [ˈtɛːrəmə]) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo.

The city, 150 kilometres (93 miles) from Rome, is situated between the highest mountains of  the Apennines (Gran Sasso d'Italia) and the Adriatic coast. The town is located by the confluence of the Vezzola and Tordino rivers,  on a hillside area where the terrain features along with the Mediterranean climate make the territory rich in vineyards and olive groves.

The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics.  Teramo can be reached from the A14 and the A24 motorways.
AdventHealth Tampa
University Community Hospital Inc doing business as AdventHealth Tampa, is a non-profit hospital campus in Tampa, Florida, United States. It became part of AdventHealth following a merger with University Community Health in September 2010. The medical facility is a tertiary, teaching hospital and comprehensive stroke center that has multiple specialties. In 2015, a murder-suicide took place at the hospital, between a man and his stepdaughter.

Non-profit hospital
A non-profit hospital is a hospital that does not make profits for owners of the hospital from the funds collected for patient services. The owners of non-profit hospitals are often a charitable organization or non-profit corporations. Fees for service above the cost of service are reinvested in the hospital. Other funding types for hospitals include public hospitals and for-profit hospitals.
Castle Rock Lake
Castle Rock Lake is an artificial lake on the Wisconsin River. It is located in central Wisconsin in Adams County and Juneau County. The lake has an inflow from Petenwell Lake, Yellow River, Big Roche a Cri., and Klien Creek. It has a surface area of 16,640 acres (67.3 km2) and its depth varies from 8–20 ft (2.4–6.1 m) in most places, with area in the old river beds reaching as deep as 35 ft (11 m).

Castle Rock Lake is the fourth largest lake in Wisconsin, it covers sixteen thousand acres, and has approximately seventy miles of shoreline. Castle Rock Lake is home to a large variety of fish, birds, and many other organisms. The large body of water attracts many people to the area as well, it provides a great space for recreational hobbies such as: bird watching, boating, fishing, and recreational water sports.

Wisconsin River
The Wisconsin River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, at approximately 430 miles (692 km) long. As a tributary of the Mississippi River, it is part of the Mississippi River System. The river's name was first recorded in 1673 by Jacques Marquette as "Meskousing" from his Indian guides - most likely Miami for "river running through a red place."

The river has been used for transportation, hunting, and fishing since prehistoric times. In the lumber industry, loggers used the upper reaches of the river and its tributaries to drive logs to their sawmills and the lower reaches to float rafts of sawn boards to markets as near as Portage and as far as St. Louis. Today, it is source of energy and tourism: dams along the river generate hydroelectric power, and people fish, boat, water-ski and sight-see on the river. It is home to many species of fish and other wildlife.
Northamptonshire (UK Parliament constituency)
The county constituency of Northamptonshire, in the East Midlands of England was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832 and was represented in Parliament by two MPs, traditionally known as Knights of the Shire.

After 1832 the county was split into two new  constituencies, North Northamptonshire and South Northamptonshire.

East Midlands
The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England. It comprises the eastern half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. It consists of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire (except for North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire), Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, and Rutland. The region has a land area of 15,623 km2 (6,032 sq mi), with an estimated population 5,063,164 in 2024. With a sufficiency-level world city ranking, Nottingham is the only settlement in the region to be classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.

The main cities in the region are Derby, Leicester, Lincoln and Nottingham. The largest towns in these counties are Boston, Chesterfield, Coalville, Corby, Glossop, Grantham, Kettering, Loughborough, Newark-on-Trent, Northampton, Mansfield, Oakham, Swadlincote and Wellingborough.
2025 Nantes school stabbing
On 24 April 2025, a teenage girl was killed and three students were wounded in a mass stabbing at a private secondary school, Our Lady of All Helps High School in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France. The suspected attacker was a 15-year-old male student and was arrested by law enforcement at the scene, after being restrained by a teacher.

Following the arrest, the suspect was put into the custody of a psychiatric hospital and examined by a psychiatrist, where he was deemed "incompatible with police custody". The court said the perpetrator was a loner who had suicidal tendencies and classmates described him as having an interest in extremism.

The stabbing occurred following previous incidents of knife violence in schools in the country and sparked discussion in regard to increasing school security, which Prime Minister François Bayrou called for following the incident.

School violence
School violence includes violence between school students as well as attacks by students on school staff and attacks by school staff on students. It encompasses physical violence, including student-on-student fighting, corporal punishment; psychological violence such as verbal abuse, and sexual violence, including rape and sexual harassment. It includes many forms of bullying (including cyberbullying) and carrying weapons to school. The one or more perpetrators typically have more physical, social, and/or psychological power than the victim. It is a widely accepted serious societal problem in recent decades in many countries, especially where weapons such as guns or knives are involved.
Willy Benda
Willy Benda (5 October 1870, Vevey – 18 August 1929, Bielefeld) was a German cellist and conductor. In 1890s he lived in Scotland being a professor of piano, cello and accompaniment at the Athenaeum School of Music. He also conducted the amateur orchestra Greenock with more than 60 performers. For one year (1898) he participated in the Kosman String Quartet.

In 1907 he was called from Charlottenburg to Bielefeld to become the director of the Bielefeld Konservatorium.

Vevey
Vevey (/vəˈveɪ/; French pronunciation: [vəvɛ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Vevê; former German: Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne.  The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.

It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District. It is part of the French-speaking area of Switzerland.

Vevey is home to the world headquarters of the international food and beverage company Nestlé, founded here in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1875, with the aid of Henri Nestlé. The English actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin resided in Vevey from 1952 until his death in 1977.
James Robert Wilshire
James Robert Wilshire (29 July 1809 – 30 August 1860) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 1855 and 1856 and again from 1858 until his death. He was also a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for one term between 1856 and 1857.

1842 Sydney City Council election
The 1842 Sydney City Council election was held on 1 November 1842 to elect 24 aldermen for the City of Sydney in the Colony of New South Wales.

This was the first election for Sydney after it was formally established on 20 July 1842. A total of 49 candidates contested the election, with polling open from 9 a.m. until 4 p.m.

Following the election, John Hosking was elected by the aldermen as lord mayor.

In Brisbane Ward, The Sydney Morning Herald reported that some electors chose not to vote because they had promised their votes to five or six candidates, and upon discovering they could only vote for four, decided not to vote at all.
Mount Hampson
Mount Hampson is a mountain 1 nautical mile (2 km) north of Mount Rhodes, in the northern part of the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land, Antarctica. It was plotted from air photos taken from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1956, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for R.V. Hampson, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition of 1929–31.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
Robert Genetski
Robert Genetski is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He is currently the Allegan County Clerk and Register of Deeds. In his capacity has Clerk, Genetski has focused on increasing support services to veterans. He is a former member of the Michigan House of Representatives, representing the 88th District which covers Allegan County, including the cities of Holland, Allegan, Douglas, Fennville, Plainwell, Saugatuck, South Haven, and Wayland. Prior to his first term as a State Representative, Genetski was a school teacher for a decade. He spent time teaching at Orion Alternative School, which caters to at-risk students.

Genetski was stopped and arrested Jan. 20th 2012, for driving under the influence leaving the governor's State of State gala. Genetski refused to take a preliminary breath test and was subsequently arrested. Genetski fought the charges in court, but was found guilty and sentenced.

Douglas, Michigan
Douglas (officially known as the City of the Village of Douglas) is a city in Allegan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,378 at the 2020 census. The city is surrounded by Saugatuck Township and the city of Saugatuck is adjacent on the north.

Douglas had long been a village within Saugatuck Township. On December 13, 2004, residents voted to adopt a charter incorporating Douglas as a city. Under Michigan law, cities are independent entities whereas villages are part of the township. The official name is City of the Village of Douglas.
Bjarni Johansen
Bjarni Johansen (born 26 May 1971) is a Faroese politician and former goal keeper. He is the current mayor of Vágur Municipality, elected for the Social Democratic Party in November 2020 to the Municipality and became mayor from 1 January 2021. He is former chairman for the Faroese football association FC Suðuroy.

Social Democratic Party (Faroe Islands)
The Social Democratic Party (Faroese: Javnaðarflokkurin, lit. 'Equality Party', JF) (Danish: Det socialdemokratiske parti, JF) is a social democratic political party on the Faroe Islands, led by Aksel V. Johannesen.
Hadi Tahan Nazif
Hadi Tahan Nazif (Persian: هادی طحان نظیف, born 1983) was born in Dezful during the war between Iran and Iraq and is the youngest member of The Islamic Republic of Iran's Guardian Council.  He was nominated for a seat as a legal expert in 2019 by the Head of the Judiciary after years of serving as a secretary for the Council.

Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Persian: شورای نگهبان, romanized: Shourā-ye Negahbān) is a 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Per the Constitution of Iran, the council has three mandates, namely having a veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervising elections, and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.

The Council is composed of Islamic clerics and lawyers. Membership is for phased six-year terms: half the membership changes every three years. The Supreme Leader of Iran directly appoints the six clerics, and may dismiss them at will. The Chief Justice of Iran nominates six lawyers for confirmation by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Rhamphinion
Rhamphinion (meaning "beak nape"; Greek rhamphos, "beak" is a common part of "rhamphorhynchoid" names, and the remains of this animal came from the rear of the skull, i.e. "nape" or inion) is a genus of pterosaurs from the Sinemurian-mid Pliensbachian-age Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation of northeastern Arizona, United States. The type species is R. jenkinsi.

Nape
The nape is the back of the neck. In technical anatomical/medical terminology, the nape is also called the nucha (from the Medieval Latin rendering of the Arabic نُخَاع, 'spinal marrow'). The corresponding adjective is nuchal, as in the term nuchal rigidity for neck stiffness.

In many mammals, the nape bears a loose, non-sensitive area of skin, known as the scruff, by which a mother carries her young by her teeth, temporarily immobilizing it during transport.  In the mating of cats, the male will grip the female's scruff with his teeth to help immobilize her during the act, a form of pinch-induced behavioral inhibition.
Ernesto de Martino
Ernesto de Martino (1 December 1908 – 9 May 1965) was an Italian anthropologist, philosopher and historian of religions. He studied with Benedetto Croce and Adolfo Omodeo, and did field research with Diego Carpitella into the funeral rituals of Lucania and tarantism.

Lucania
Lucania was a historical region of Southern Italy, named after its native Lucani, an Oscan people. It extended from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. It bordered with Samnium and Campania in the north, Apulia in the east, and Bruttium in the south-west, and was at the tip of the peninsula which is now called Calabria. It comprised almost all the modern region of Basilicata, the southern part of the Province of Salerno (the Cilento area), the western part of Province of Taranto and a northern portion of the Province of Cosenza.

The precise limits were the river Silarus in the north-west, which separated it from Campania, and the Gravina which flows into the Gulf of Taranto in the east. The lower tract of the river Laus, which flows from a ridge of the Apennine Mountains to the Tyrrhenian Sea in an east-west direction, marked part of the border with Bruttium.
Religious views on same-sex marriage
Religious Institutions hold varying views on same-sex marriage. Arguments both for and against  same-sex marriage are often made on religious grounds and/or formulated in terms of religious doctrine. Although many of the world's religions are opposed to same-sex marriage, the number of religious denominations that are conducting same-sex marriages has increased since 2010. Religious views on same-sex marriage are closely related to religious views on homosexuality.

Metropolitan Community Church
The Metropolitan Community Church (MCC), also known as the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC), is an international LGBT-affirming mainline Protestant Christian denomination.

The fellowship has Official Observer status with the World Council of Churches. The MCC was denied membership in the US National Council of Churches in 1992, but many local MCC congregations are members of local ecumenical partnerships around the world and MCC currently belongs to several statewide councils of churches in the United States. The MCC has also been considered to be non-denominational.

According to a census of the association published in 2025, it would have 172 churches in 20 countries.
Italian Aerospace Research Centre
The Italian Aerospace Research Centre (Italian: Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali, CIRA) is a consortium established in July 1984 to promote the growth and success of the aerospace industry in Italy (its head-office is in Capua). The majority of CIRA share capital is held by government organizations: the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the National Research Council of Italy (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR).

National Research Council (Italy)
The National Research Council (Italian: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR) is the largest research council in Italy. As a public organisation, its remit is to support scientific and technological research. Its headquarters are in Rome.
Derby City Roller Girls
The Derby City Roller Girls (DCRG) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Louisville, Kentucky. Founded in 2007, the league currently consists of two teams, which compete against teams from other leagues. Derby City is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Roller derby
Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams.  Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring.
Morzyca, Stargard County
Morzyca [mɔˈʐɨt͡sa] (formerly German Blumberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dolice, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Dolice, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Stargard, and 44 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

In Morzyca there is a Catholic church of St. Josemaría Escrivá.

Stargard County
Stargard County (Polish: powiat stargardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Stargard, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains four other towns: Chociwel, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Stargard, Dobrzany, 27 km (17 mi) east of Stargard, Ińsko, 37 km (23 mi) east of Stargard, and Suchań, 21 km (13 mi) east of Stargard.

The county covers an area of 1,519.59 square kilometres (586.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 119,402, out of which the population of Stargard is 70,534, that of Chociwel is 3,285, that of Dobrzany is 2,420, that of Ińsko is 2,001, that of Suchań is 1,446, and the rural population is 39,716.
Thomas Walkup
Thomas Ryan Walkup (Greek: Τόμας Γουόκαπ, born December 30, 1992) is an American-born naturalized Greek professional basketball player for Olympiacos of the Greek Basketball League (GBL) and the EuroLeague. He also represents the Greek national team in international competition. Widely considered one of the premier defensive players in European basketball, he was named the EuroLeague Best Defender in 2024.

Walkup played college basketball for Stephen F. Austin State University, before being named Southland Conference Player of the Year for two consecutive seasons (2015 and 2016). He reached three consecutive EuroLeague Final Four tournaments with Olympiakos between 2022 and 2024, including the competition's final in 2023.

2021–22 EuroLeague
The 2021–22 Turkish Airlines EuroLeague was the 22nd season of the modern era of the EuroLeague, and the 12th under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines. Including the competition's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup, this was the 65th season of the premier basketball competition for European men's clubs. The season started on 30 September 2021. The three Russian teams were suspended because of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As the Russian invasion of Ukraine did not cease, the records of all regular season matches against Russian teams were annulled, and team win-loss records adjusted accordingly, dramatically affecting league standings.

Anadolu Efes successfully defended last year's title after defeating Real Madrid in the championship game.
2008 South Carolina Senate election
The 2008 South Carolina Senate election were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2008.  The primary elections were held on June 10 and the runoff elections were held two weeks later on June 24. The current composition of the state delegation is 27 Republicans and 19 Democrats. Senators are elected for four-year terms, all in the same year.

Charleston County, South Carolina
Charleston County is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina along the Atlantic coast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 408,235, making it the third-most populous county in South Carolina (behind Greenville and Richland counties). Its county seat is Charleston. It is also the largest county in the state by total area, although Horry County has a larger land area. The county was created in 1800 by an act of the South Carolina State Legislature. Charleston County is included in the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Lowcountry region of South Carolina.