hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Growing degree-day
Growing degree days (GDD), also called growing degree units (GDUs), are a heuristic tool in phenology. GDD are a measure of heat accumulation used by horticulturists, gardeners, and farmers to predict plant and animal development rates such as the date that a flower will bloom, an insect will emerge from dormancy, or a crop will reach maturity. GDD is credited to be first defined by Reaumur in 1735.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Mesolambdolophus
Mesolambdolophus is an extinct genus of small odd-toed ungulate known from the Bridgerian North American Stage (late Early to early Middle Eocene) of Wyoming, United States. It is known only from the holotype MCZ 19585, a nearly complete mandible which was collected from the Bridger Formation. It was first named by Luke T. Holbrook and Joshua Lapergola in 2011 and the type species is Mesolambdolophus setoni.

Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene).
Surface 3
Surface 3 is a 2-in-1 detachable from the Microsoft Surface series, introduced by Microsoft in 2015. Unlike its predecessor, the Surface 2, Surface 3 utilizes an x86 Intel Atom system-on-chip architecture, or SoC, rather than a processor with ARM architecture such as the Nvidia Tegra that powered the Surface 2, and runs standard versions of Windows 8.1 or Windows 10.

Tegra
Tegra is a system on a chip (SoC) series developed by Nvidia for mobile devices such as smartphones, personal digital assistants, and mobile Internet devices. The Tegra integrates an ARM architecture central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), northbridge, southbridge, and memory controller onto one package. Early Tegra SoCs are designed as efficient multimedia processors. The Tegra-line evolved to emphasize performance for gaming and machine learning applications without sacrificing power efficiency, before taking a drastic shift in direction towards platforms that provide vehicular automation with the applied Nvidia Drive brand name on reference boards and its semiconductors; and with the Nvidia Jetson brand name for boards adequate for AI applications (e.g. within robots or drones) and for various smart high-level automation purposes.
Gaito Gazdanov
Gaito Gazdanov Russian: Гайто́ Газда́нов; Ossetian: Гӕздӕнты Гайто; 6 December [O.S. 23 November] 1902 – 5 December 1971) was a Russian émigré writer of Ossetian descent, who lived in Paris. Gazdanov's first stories were published in France in 1926 in Russian. His novels An Evening with Claire (1929) and The Spectre of Alexander Wolf (1948) became his most well-known works, mentioned by writers Maxim Gorky, Ivan Bunin and Vladislav Khodasevich. Gazdanov was a member of the French Resistance in occupied France. In 1953, he joined Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty as an editor. Although he learned perfect French whilst living in France, Gazdanov continued writing stories in Russian.

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
One Piece: Grand Battle!
One Piece: Grand Battle is a fighting game made in Japan based on the manga series One Piece and its anime adaptation. It is the fourth and final game in One Piece's Grand Battle series and the nineteenth One Piece video game released. The game was released in Japan as One Piece: Grand Battle! Rush. The English version uses the intro from the TV series.

One Piece (1999 TV series)
One Piece (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation, premiering on Fuji Television in October 1999. It is based on Eiichiro Oda's manga series of the same name. The story follows the adventures of Monkey D. Luffy, a 17-year-old young man whose body gained the properties of rubber after unintentionally eating a Devil Fruit. With his crew, named the Straw Hat Pirates, Luffy explores the Grand Line in search of the world's ultimate treasure known as the "One Piece" in order to become the next King of the Pirates.

Since its premiere in Japan more than 1,100 episodes have been aired, and later exported to over 80 countries around the world.
USNS John Glenn
USNS John Glenn (T-ESD-2), (formerly MLP-2) is a United States Navy Expeditionary Transfer Dock ship named in honor of John Glenn, a Naval Aviator, retired United States Marine Corps colonel, veteran of World War II and the Korean War, astronaut, and United States senator.

Jonathan Greenert
Jonathan William Greenert (born May 15, 1953) is a former United States Navy admiral who served as the 30th Chief of Naval Operations from September 23, 2011, to September 18, 2015. He previously served as the 36th Vice Chief of Naval Operations from August 13, 2009, to August 22, 2011.  Prior to that, he served as Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces Command from September 29, 2007, to July 29, 2009, deputy chief of Naval Operations for Integration of Capabilities and Resources from September 2006 to September 2007, and commander of U.S. Seventh Fleet from August 2004 to September 2006. He retired from the navy after over 40 years of service. In March 2016, the National Bureau of Asian Research announced that Greenert would become the third holder of the John M. Shalikashvili Chair in National Security Studies (Shali Chair) at NBR. In April 2016, Greenert was appointed to the board of directors for BAE Systems for a three-year term.
Tighnabruaich, Indooroopilly
Tighnabruaich is a heritage-listed villa at 203 Clarence Road, Indooroopilly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built around 1889. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.

The Queenslander
The Queenslander was the weekly summary and literary edition of the Brisbane Courier, the leading journal in the colony (later state) of Queensland since the 1850s. The Queenslander was launched by the Brisbane Newspaper Company in 1866, and discontinued in 1939.
Petrie baronets
The Petrie Baronetcy, of Carrowcarden, Castleconnor, in the Barony of Tireragh in the County of Sligo, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 20 June 1918 for Sir Charles Petrie, Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 1901 to 1902. The third Baronet was a well-known historian. The fifth Baronet was a prominent diplomat and served as British Ambassador to Belgium from 1985 to 1989.

County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.
Danish women's football clubs in international competitions
This is a compilation of the results of the teams representing Denmark at official international women's football competitions, that is the UEFA Women's Cup and its successor, the UEFA Women's Champions League.

As of the 2016–17 edition Denmark is ranked 7th in the UWCL's association standings, and it is thus one of twelve associations currently granted two spots in the competition. Its major success to date is Fortuna Hjørring's appearance in the 2002–03 edition's final.

Fortuna Hjørring
Fortuna Hjørring is a Danish women's football team based in Hjørring, Denmark. The club was formed in 1966 and play in green and white. It is one of the most prolific clubs in the Danish A-Liga, having won the league 12 times, tied for most wins alongside rivals Brøndby. Their most recent season in the top flight saw Fortuna Hjørring win "The Double", taking home both the league trophy and the Danish Women's Cup.

Fortuna are fixtures of the UEFA Women's Champions League, having competed 16 times. In the 2009–10 season, they defeated Italian side Bardolino in the round of 32, but lost the round of 16 to eventual finalists Lyon. In the 2016–17 season they reached their best result in recent club history, when they made it to the quarter-finals which they lost 0–2 on aggregate to Manchester City. Fortuna's biggest European result to date is the 2002–03 UEFA Women's Cup final, where they ultimately lost 1–7 on aggregate to Umeå IK.
Bill Morris (rugby union, born 1869)
William Morris (29 October 1869 – 4 November 1946) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played for club rugby for Llanelli and international rugby for Wales. He was the uncle of Welsh boxer Gipsy Daniels. He was the first of four players known as Bill Morris to represent Wales at rugby union.

Llanelli RFC
Llanelli Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Llanelli) was a Welsh rugby union club founded on 30 March 1872.

The club's historic home ground was Stradey Park in Llanelli, but they moved in 2008 to the new Parc y Scarlets in adjacent Pemberton. The club song is "Sosban Fach", a Welsh song meaning "Little Saucepan", which is sometimes sung by the club's fans during matches as the club anthem. The team colours are scarlet and white.

Following the 2003 regionalisation of Welsh rugby, Llanelli became a feeder club to the Scarlets regional team. Following the 2022-23 season, the club was disbanded.
Jade tube
Jade tube (Chinese: 玉管; pinyin: yù guǎn) is a tube-shaped jade ornament that was drilled from the two ends. It is a kind of pendant on necklaces and a characteristic jade ornament in the Peinan Site in eastern Taiwan. They can be divided into three categories depending on the tube diameters: large tubes, with diameters between 7 mm to 12 mm; medium tubes, between 2 mm and 6 mm; and small tubes or tube beads, below 2 mm. The tube body can be a rectangle, round, or shape between the two. Compared with the ones in other archaeological sites in eastern Taiwan, the ones unearthed in the Peinan Site are of the highest quantity, longest tube body, and largest size.

Bead
A bead is a small, decorative object that is formed in a variety of shapes and sizes of a material such as stone, bone, shell, glass, plastic, wood, or pearl and with a small hole for threading or stringing. Beads range in size from under 1 mm to over 1 cm in diameter.

Beads represent some of the earliest forms of jewellery, with a pair of beads made from Nassarius sea snail shells dating to approximately 100000 years ago thought to be the earliest known example.Beadwork is the art or craft of making things with beads. Beads can be woven together with specialized thread, strung onto thread or soft, flexible wire, or adhered to a surface (e.g. fabric, clay).
Pultenaea divaricata
Pultenaea divaricata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with linear, needle-shaped, grooved leaves, and dense clusters of yellow to orange flowers with red markings.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
Benin–Morocco relations
Relations between Morocco and Benin, or Benin–Morocco relations, from a part of diplomacy, international relations and the wider politics of Africa. They have been marked by diversified cooperation since the visit of king Mohammad VI to Cotonou in 2004. The embassies of Benin in Morocco and Morocco in Benin serve to structure the interests linking the two countries.

Cotonou
Cotonou (French pronunciation: [kɔtɔnu]; Fon: Kútɔ̀nú) is the largest city and seat of government of Benin. Its official population count was 679,012 in 2012; however, over two million people live in the larger urban area. The urban area continues to expand, notably toward the west. The city lies in the southeast of the country, between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Nokoué.

Cotonou is the seat of government of the Republic of Benin, where most of the government buildings are situated, government departments operate and foreign embassies are located, but the official capital, where the national legislature sits, is the smaller city of Porto-Novo.
Florence Biennale
The Biennale Internazionale Dell’Arte Contemporanea, also known as the Florence Biennale is an art exhibition held in Florence, Italy. Since 1997 it has been held every two years in the exhibition spaces of the Fortezza da Basso, Florence.

The list of the famous participants include Marina Abramović, David Hockney, Christo & Jeanne-Claude, Gilbert & George, Anish Kapoor, El Anatsui and others.

The exhibition is held under the patronage of the UNESCO (the Italian Commission), European Parliament, Italian Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Tuscany Region, and Municipality of Florence.

Fortezza da Basso
43°46′55.05″N 11°14′53.89″E﻿ / ﻿43.7819583°N 11.2483028°E﻿ / 43.7819583; 11.2483028

Fortezza da Basso is a fort inserted in the fourteenth century walls of Florence.  Its official name is the Fortress of Saint John the Baptist (Fortezza di San Giovanni Battista).  In modern times it is home to numerous conferences, concerts and national and international exhibitions, such as Pitti Immagine. Its total area is nearly 100,000 square meters.
Ancízar López López
Ancízar López López was a Colombian politician, born in Quindio. He was a representative, and as senator he developed the project for the creation of the Quindio Department, becoming its first governor when created.

According to police reports, on April 11, 2002, he was kidnapped by the National Liberation Army (ELN). For several months there was no news about his condition, but it was learned that he eventually died in an unknown location, probably due to complications of an unattended kidney failure. His body was finally turned over to the Red Cross.

The national government declared two days of grief. An avenue and a cenotaph were built in the city of Armenia in his honor.

Senate of Colombia
The Senate of the Republic of Colombia  (Spanish: Senado de la República de Colombia) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia, with the lower house being the Chamber of Representatives. The Senate has 108 members elected for concurrent (non-rotating) four-year terms.
Parliament House, Islamabad
The Parliament House (Urdu: ایوانِ پارلیمان, romanized: Aiwān-e-Pārlemān) in Red Zone, Islamabad is the seat of the Parliament of Pakistan, the supreme legislative body of the country. It houses the National Assembly and the Senate which, respectively, are the lower and upper houses in Pakistan's bicameral parliament.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
The Center
The Center (Cantonese Yale: Jūngwàahn Jūngsām) is the fifth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong, after International Commerce Centre, Two International Finance Centre (88 storeys), Central Plaza and Bank of China Tower. With a height of 346 m (1,135 ft), it comprises 73 storeys. The Center is one of the few skyscrapers in Hong Kong that is entirely steel-structured with no reinforced concrete core and is one of the tallest steel buildings in the world. It is located on 99 Queen's Road Central in the Central, roughly halfway between the MTR Island line's Sheung Wan and Central stations.

Sheung Wan station
Sheung Wan is a station on the Island line of the Hong Kong MTR network. The station serves the neighbourhood of Sheung Wan and the western part of Central District. The livery colour of this station is khaki.

The station was originally planned in 1970 as WM but its construction was discontinued after further planning for the new lines. Upon the construction of the Island line, the station was finally constructed and opened on 23 May 1986. From its opening until the line's extension to Kennedy Town in 2014, Sheung Wan was the westbound terminus of the Island line.
Thomas Gardnor
Thomas Gardnor (c. 1685–1775) was a City of London upholsterer who was a property owner in Hampstead, London, and the owner of Gardnor House, Hampstead. With his wife and his heirs he was responsible for the development of several streets in the town.

Upholstery
Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers. The word also refers to the materials used to upholster something.

Upholstery comes from the Middle English word upholder, which referred to an artisan who makes fabric furnishings. The term is equally applicable to domestic, automobile, airplane and boat furniture, and can be applied to mattresses, particularly the upper layers, though these often differ significantly in design. A person who works with upholstery is called an upholsterer. An apprentice upholsterer is sometimes called an outsider or trimmer. Traditional upholstery uses materials like coil springs (post-1850), animal hair (horse, hog and cow), coir, straw and hay, hessians, linen scrims, wadding, etc., and is done by hand, building each layer up. In contrast, today's upholsterers employ synthetic materials like dacron and vinyl, serpentine springs, and so on.
Dan Shumow
Dan Shumow is a cryptographer working at Microsoft Research.

At the CRYPTO 2007 conference rump session, Dan Shumow and Niels Ferguson presented an informal paper describing a kleptographic backdoor in the NIST specified Dual_EC_DRBG cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator.  The backdoor was confirmed to be real in 2013 as part of the Edward Snowden leaks.

Dan Shumow co-authored an algorithm for detecting SHA-1 collisions with Marc Stevens, prior to the demonstration of a SHA-1 collision.

In 2024, Dan Shumow co-authored a paper described an attack against the RADIUS protocol, allowing a man-in-the-middle able between client and server to forge a valid protocol accept message in response to a failed authentication request.

Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
A cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) or cryptographic pseudorandom number generator (CPRNG) is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) with properties that make it suitable for use in cryptography. It is also referred to as a cryptographic random number generator (CRNG).
Klas Åhlund
Klas Frans Åhlund (born 11 April 1972) is a Swedish songwriter and producer. He is also a member of the band Teddybears along with Patrik Arve and his brother Joakim Åhlund.

He is the brother of musician Joakim Åhlund who is a member of the Swedish alternative rock band Caesars.

As a songwriter and producer Åhlund has worked with artists like The Weeknd, Katy Perry, Kesha, Sugababes, Britney Spears, Swedish House Mafia, Robyn, Iggy Pop, Madonna, Snoop Dogg, Charli XCX, Ghost, Teddybears, Usher, Tove Lo, Axwell & Ingrosso, Taio Cruz, Ellie Goulding, Alesso, Carly Rae Jepsen, Eliot Sumner, Melody Club, Bo Kaspers Orkester. He will also be the producer on Weezer's upcoming 20th album. He co-wrote English singer Melanie C's single "What Could Possibly Go Wrong?"

Axwell & Ingrosso
Axwell & Ingrosso (stylised as Axwell Λ Ingrosso) are a Swedish DJ duo consisting of Swedish House Mafia members Axwell and Sebastian Ingrosso. They made their debut performance at the 2014 Governors Ball Music Festival in New York City in June.
The Carter Effect
The Carter Effect is a 2017 documentary film directed by Sean Menard. It covers the impact of Vince Carter in Canada when he was still playing for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The film was shown at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival and was produced by LeBron James's digital video company, Uninterrupted. Additionally, interviews of fellow NBA stars, former teammates, family members, and people associated with the Toronto Raptors, combined with archival footage of Carter, were used throughout the movie. Notable appearances in the film include his cousin Tracy McGrady, Canadian basketball star Steve Nash, former NBA commissioner David Stern, and Toronto natives Director X and Drake.

Slam Dunk Contest
The NBA Slam Dunk Contest (officially known as the AT&T Slam Dunk) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) competition held during the NBA All-Star Weekend.

The contest was conceived of and started by the American Basketball Association (ABA) for its 1976 ABA All-Star Game in Denver. The winner was Julius Erving of the New York Nets. As a result of the ABA–NBA merger later that year, the contest moved to the NBA for the 1976–77 season.

There was not another slam dunk contest at the professional level until 1984. The contest has adopted several formats over the years, including, until 2014, the use of fan voting, via text-messaging, to determine the winner of the final round. The current champion of the Slam Dunk Contest is Keshad Johnson (2026).
Santa Rosa de Tabalí Airport
Santa Rosa de Tabalí Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Santa Rosa de Tabalí, (ICAO: SCOT)) is an airport serving Santa Rosa de Tabalí, a hacienda winery in the Coquimbo Region of Chile.

The airport is 20 kilometres (12 mi) west-southwest of Ovalle. The west end of the runway has a 180 metres (590 ft) paved overrun that leads to a helipad and parking apron. The local terrain is flat with ravines.

Coquimbo Region
The Coquimbo Region (Spanish: Región de Coquimbo, pronounced [koˈkimbo]) is one of Chile's 16 administrative regions. It is located approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) north of the national capital, Santiago. The region is bordered by the Atacama Region to the north, the Valparaíso Region to the south, Argentina to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

The capital and largest city is La Serena. Other significant cities include Coquimbo, a major seaport, and Ovalle, a center for agriculture.