hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Copper sweetening
Copper sweetening is a petroleum refining process using a slurry of clay and cupric chloride to oxidize mercaptans. The resulting disulfides are less odorous and usually very viscous, and are usually removed from the lower-boiling fractions and left in the heavy fuel oil fraction.

Copper sweetening introduces trace amount of copper into the resulting products, which tends to have detrimental effects as it leads to formation of gummy residues. Other sources of copper include contact with refinery parts made of copper and copper alloys. Copper is one of the most active instability promoters, and concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm can have marked negative effect. To combat these, metal deactivators are added to some fuels.

Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. Generally the component parts have boiling points that differ by less than 25 °C (45 °F) from each other under a pressure of one atmosphere. If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 °C, a simple distillation is typically used.

A crude oil distillation unit uses fractional distillation in the process of refining crude oil.
Campfire Tales (1991 film)
Campfire Tales is a 1991 American anthology horror film written and directed by William Cooke and Paul Talbot. The film is about a group of teenagers telling ghost stories around a campfire. One of the storytellers is horror legend Gunnar Hansen. The movie also uses many elements from famous horror stories and directors (Lucio Fulci specifically).

Campfire
A campfire is a fire at a campsite that provides light, warmth, and heat for cooking. It can also serve as a beacon and an insect and predator deterrent. Established campgrounds often provide a stone or steel fire ring for safety. Campfires are a popular feature of camping. At summer camps, the word campfire often refers to an event (ceremony, get together, etc.) at which there is a fire. Some camps refer to the fire itself as a campfire.
Takashi Hasegawa
Takashi Hasegawa is an electrical engineer and programmer, who works at the Optoelectronic System Laboratory of Hitachi Cable, Ltd.

Hasegawa graduated with a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Nagoya University. As a student, he created MLVWM, or Macintosh-Like Virtual Window Manager and released the code to the public back in 1998.

He was one of five developers who created the 10 Gigabit Ethernet Media Converter, in support of 10GEA's effort to standardize 10 Gigabit Ethernet.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Synanthedon codeti
Synanthedon codeti is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in France, Spain, Portugal and on Sardinia. It is also found in North Africa, from Morocco to Algeria and Tunisia.

The wingspan is 18–20 mm.

The larvae feed on Quercus, Castanea sativa, Juglans regia, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Platanus orientalis, Malus, Prunus, Carya pecan and Carya olivaeformis.

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana, the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. The shrubs usually grow 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall. The nut is round, in contrast to the longer filbert nut. Common hazel is native to Europe and Western Asia.

The species is mainly cultivated for its nuts. The name 'hazelnut' applies to the nuts of any species in the genus Corylus, but in commercial contexts usually describes C. avellana. This hazelnut or cob nut, the kernel of the seed, is edible and used raw, roasted, or ground into a paste. Historically, the shrub was an important component of the hedgerows used as field boundaries in lowland England. The wood was grown as coppice, with the poles used for wattle-and-daub building and agricultural fencing.
Marvin Martin
Marvin Martin (born 10 January 1988) is a French professional football coach and former player who is the assistant coach of Championnat National 2 club Hyères. He played as a creative play-making midfielder and was described as a player with "very good technique on the ball" and "excellent vision", which compensated for his relatively small frame. Martin is a former France international, having appeared for his country at UEFA Euro 2012.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
Omaha Knights (IHL)
The Omaha Knights was a minor professional ice hockey team in Omaha, Nebraska. The franchise was founded in 1959 and played for four seasons before relocating to Toledo, Ohio. The team was swiftly replaced by the identically named Omaha Knights of the Central Professional Hockey League.

Ken Wilson was the general manager from 1960 to 1963. Goaltender Glenn Ramsay won the James Norris Memorial Trophy for the fewest goals against during the 1961–62 and the 1962–63 regular seasons. The Rookie of the Year Trophy was awarded to Knights' player John Gravel in 1963.

Glenn Ramsay
Glenn Ramsay (born January 20, 1935, in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario) is a former professional ice hockey goaltender who played 19 seasons in the IHL (1956–74). Ramsay is a six-time winner of the James Norris Memorial Trophy, which was awarded by the IHL to the goaltender with the fewest goals allowed during the regular season.

Ramsay played 945 regular season games and 63 playoff games in the IHL. He also played 9 games in the AHL with the 	Springfield Indians during the 1965–66 AHL season.
Marie-Louise Desmatins
Marie-Louise Desmatins (fl. 1682–1708) was a French soprano and creator of many roles in French Baroque opera.

She performed in Jean Baptiste Lully's Persée (1682), Armide (1686 and 1703 revival), Achille et Polyxène (1687), Thésée (1698 revival), Isis (1704 revival), Roland (1705 revival), Bellérophon (1705 revival), Alceste (1706 revival), as well as in Pascal Collasse's Enée et Lavinie (1690) and Thétis et Pélée (1699 revival), André Cardinal Destouches' Issé (1697), Henri Desmarets' Didon (1704 revival), André Campra's Iphigénie en Tauride (1704), and Marin Marais' Alcyone (1706).

The absence of her name in subsequent cast lists remained unexplained until 2007, when a report on the novel La Musique du Diable (1711) confirmed her death. A satirical narrative of Desmatins' afterlife in Hades, the novel suggests that she died of complications of a primitive form of liposuction.

An extant portrait of her was painted by Robert Le Vrac de Tournières.

Achille et Polyxène
Achille et Polyxène (Achilles and Polyxena) is a tragédie lyrique containing a prologue and five acts based on Virgil's Aeneid with a French libretto by Jean Galbert de Campistron. The opera's overture and first act were composed by Jean-Baptiste Lully, who died from a conducting injury before he could complete the score. The prologue and the remaining acts are the work of his pupil Pascal Collasse who finished the work, eight months after Lully's death on 22 March 1687. Acts 1 and 4 of the ballet was created by Louis Lestang, and the ballet to the prologue and acts 2 and 3 were by Louis-Guillaume Pécour. The opera was first performed on 7 November 1687, by the Paris Opera at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
Oksana Cherkasova
Oksana Cherkasova (Russian: Черкасова Оксана Леонтьевна) - Soviet and Russian director of animation films and animator. She received the State Prize of Russian Federation in 1996. She is a Member of the Union of Cinematographers of the Russian Federation, and Member of the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Science Nika Award.

Union of Cinematographers of the Russian Federation
The Union of Cinematographers of the Russian Federation (Russian: Союз кинематографистов России), also known as the Russian Filmmakers' Union, is the trade union of cinematographers, actors, and other professionals of Russian cinema. Founded in 1991, it was preceded by the Guild of Actors of Soviet Cinema in 1988, which became the Russian Film Actors Guild.
Atelopus lynchi
Atelopus lynchi, also known as Lynch's stubfoot toad or Lynch's harlequin frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It occurs in northern Ecuador (Carchi) and in southern Colombia (Nariño, Cauca, and possibly Valle del Cauca Department, the last one is in doubt). It occurs on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera Occidental, as the westernmost ranges of the Andes are known in both Colombia and in Ecuador. Prior to its description, it was confused with Atelopus longirostris.

Valle del Cauca Department
Valle del Cauca (Spanish for "Cauca Valley"; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbaʎe ðel ˈkawka]), is a department in western Colombia abutting the Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Santiago de Cali. Other cities such as Buenaventura, Buga, Cartago, Palmira and Tuluá have great economical, political, social and cultural influence on the department's life. Valle del Cauca has the largest number of independent (i.e., nonmetropolitan) towns with over 100,000 inhabitants in the country, counting six within its borders. Buenaventura has the largest and busiest seaport in Colombia, moving about 8,500,000 tons of merchandise annually.
Pharmaceutical formulation
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which the active drug or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is combined with different chemical substances to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form.

Freeze drying
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product and lowering pressure, thereby removing the ice by sublimation. This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat.

Because of the low temperature used in processing, the rehydrated product retains many of its original qualities. When solid objects like strawberries are freeze dried the original shape of the product is maintained. If the product to be dried is a liquid, as often seen in pharmaceutical applications, the properties of the final product are optimized by the combination of excipients (i.e., inactive ingredients). Primary applications of freeze drying include biological (e.g., bacteria and yeasts), biomedical (e.g., surgical transplants), food processing (e.g., coffee), and preservation.
Thames Handball Club
Thames Handball Club is an amateur handball club founded in 2005 in London, UK. It is affiliated to the England Handball Association and currently runs competitive men's handball team in Development leagues. The women's team voluntarily withdrew from official competition in 2016/17 and plays in a newly formed Handball Union.

England Handball Association
The England Handball Association is the governing body for non-International Handball Federation related matters of team handball in England. The British Handball Association has governance over matters relating to the International Handball Federation. It is an Associate member of the European Handball Federation (EHF).
Georgia State Route 77
State Route 77 (SR 77) is a 103-mile-long (166 km) state highway that travels south-to-north through portions of Hancock, Greene, Oglethorpe, Elbert, and Hart counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia.

Special route
In road transportation in the United States, a special route is a road in a numbered highway system that diverts a specific segment of related traffic away from another road. They are featured in many highway systems; most are found in the Interstate Highway System, U.S. highway system, and several state highway systems. Each type of special route possesses generally defined characteristics and has a defined relationship with its parent route. Typically, special routes share a route number with a dominant route, often referred as the "parent" or "mainline", and are given either a descriptor which may be used either before or after the route name, such as Alternate or Business, or a letter suffix that is attached to the route number. For example, an alternate route of U.S. Route 1 may be called "Alternate U.S. Route 1", "U.S. Route 1 Alternate", or "U.S. Route 1A". Occasionally, a special route will have both a descriptor and a suffix, such as U.S. Route 1A Business.
Florida tourism industry
Tourism and its related industries make up one of the largest sectors of the economy of the American state of Florida and is also important to the state's culture, politics, and environment.

Florida's tourism industry took off at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th with large infrastructure projects like the Florida East Coast Railway and Dixie Highway and advances in technology like air conditioning allowing tourists to easily visit Florida. Major amusement parks were constructed starting in the 1930s with Walt Disney World becoming the most visited amusement park in the world by the end of the 20th century. Florida's state parks, outdoor recreational opportunities, cruise ship ports, and space launch sites also contribute to the industry.

Space launch
A space launch is the phase of a spaceflight mission during which a launch vehicle reaches space. The launch may be sub-orbital or the launch may continue until the vehicle reaches orbit. A space launch begins at a launch pad, which may be on land or at sea, or when the launch vehicle is released mid-air from an aircraft.
Ronald van Raak
Antonius Adrianus Gerardus Maria "Ronald" van Raak (born 30 October 1969) is a Dutch politician, non-fiction writer and former academic. A member of the Socialist Party, he has been a member of the House of Representatives since 30 November 2006. He focuses on matters of home affairs, kingdom relations, the royal house and general affairs. From 2003 to 2006, he was a Senator of the Netherlands.

Interior ministry
An interior ministry or ministry of the interior (also called ministry of home affairs or ministry of internal affairs) is a government department that is responsible for domestic policy, public security and law enforcement.

In some states, the interior ministry is entrusted with the functions of ensuring national security, immigration issues and protecting places of detention.

Structurally, an interior ministry is part of the highest bodies of executive power and reports directly to the head of government. In states with a federal structure, the ministry often has branches at the level of states or federal subjects.
Sugar Apple Fairy Tale
Sugar Apple Fairy Tale (シュガーアップル・フェアリーテイル, Shugā Appuru Fearī Teiru) is a Japanese fantasy light novel series written by Miri Mikawa and illustrated by aki. Kadokawa Shoten have published twenty volumes from March 2010 to March 2024 under their Kadokawa Beans Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation with art by Alto Yukimura was serialized online via Hakusensha's Hana to Yume Online website from November 2012 to October 2014. It was collected in two tankōbon volumes. A second manga adaptation with art by Yozora no Udon was serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's seinen manga magazine Young Ace from November 2021 to December 2023, and a third manga adaptation with art by Konosagi has been serialized online via Kadokawa Shoten's Flos Comic website since August 2023. Both the light novel and second manga are licensed in North America by Yen Press. An anime television series adaptation produced by J.C.Staff aired from January to September 2023.

Kadokawa Shoten
Kadokawa Shoten (角川書店), formerly the Kadokawa Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. (株式会社角川書店, Kabushiki-gaisha Kadokawa Shoten), is a Japanese publisher and division of Kadokawa Future Publishing based in Tokyo, Japan. It became an internal division of Kadokawa Corporation on October 1, 2013. Kadokawa publishes manga, light novels, manga anthology magazines such as Monthly Asuka and Monthly Shōnen Ace, and entertainment magazines such as Newtype. Since its founding, Kadokawa has expanded into the multimedia sector, namely in video games (as Kadokawa Games) and in live-action and animated films (as Kadokawa Pictures).
Emulsion test
The emulsion test is a simple method used in educational settings to determine the presence of lipids using wet chemistry. The procedure is for the sample to be suspended in ethanol, allowing lipids present to dissolve (lipids are soluble in alcohols). The liquid (alcohol with dissolved fat) is then decanted into water. Since lipids do not dissolve in water while ethanol does, when the ethanol is diluted, it falls out of the solution to give a cloudy white emulsion. This method is not typically used in research or industry.

Decantation
Decantation is a process for the separation of mixtures of immiscible liquids or of a liquid and a solid mixture such as a suspension. The layer closer to the top of the container—the less dense of the two liquids, or the liquid from which the precipitate or sediment has settled out—is poured off, leaving denser liquid or the solid behind. The process typically is unable to remove all of the top layer, meaning the separation is incomplete or at least one of the two separated components is still contaminated by the other one.
Jan Gniński
Jan Gniński (died c.1685) was a diplomat for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Treasurer of the Crown Court.  He was Vice-Chancellor of the Crown from 1681, voivode of Malbork in 1681, governor from 1668 to 1680 of Chelm and was an MP in the Sejm. He participated in the Polish-Swedish wars and the Siege of Vienna (1683) and was known to be an Ambassador to Turkey.

Jan Gniński was married to Dorota Jaskólska. They had five children:

Jan Chryzostom Benedykt

Jan Krzysztof Gniński, voivode of Pomorze

Władysław

Anna Franciszka

Konstancja Dorota (d. 1705)

Malbork
Malbork ([ˈmalbɔrk] ⓘ; German: Marienburg [maˈʁiːənbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of Malbork County and has a population of 36,709 people as of 2024. The town is located on the Nogat river, in the region of Powiśle.

Founded in the 13th century by the Knights of the Teutonic Order, the town is noted for its medieval Malbork Castle, built in the 13th century as the order's headquarters, which was also one of the residences of Polish kings and seat of notable early modern Polish institutions.
National Integration Council
The National Integration Council (NIC) is a group of senior politicians and public figures in India that looks for ways to address the problems of communalism, casteism and regionalism. Council members include cabinet ministers, entrepreneurs, celebrities, media heads, chief ministers, and opposition leaders. The 2013 council was chaired by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, and its members included movie star Jaya Bachchan, cardinal Baselios Cleemis, news editors: Shobhana Bhartia, Siddharth Varadarajan, Aroon Purie, Barkha Dutt, political leaders; Rajnath Singh, Kumari Mayawati, Bhim Singh, Sonia Gandhi, and billionaires; Anand Mahindra, Rajashree Birla, Cyrus Mistry, and Azim Premji.

Azim Premji
Azim Hashim Premji (born 24 July 1945) is an Indian billionaire businessman and philanthropist, who was the chairman of Wipro. Premji remains a non-executive member of the board and founder chairman. In 2010, he was voted among the 20 most powerful men in the world by Asiaweek. He was listed among the 100 most influential people by Time magazine, in 2004 and 2011. For years, he has been regularly listed one among The 500 Most Influential Muslims. He also serves as the Chancellor of Azim Premji University, Bangalore. Premji was awarded Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, by the Government of India.

In October 2023, Forbes estimated Premji's net worth at $11.6 billion. In 2013, he signed the Giving Pledge, committing to give away at least half of his wealth, starting with a $2.2 billion donation to the Azim Premji Foundation, focused on education in India. He has topped the EdelGive Hurun India Philanthropy List on multiple occasions.
William Perry (Scottish priest)
Christianity portal

William Perry  (died 1948) was an Anglican priest.

He was educated at  the University of Aberdeen,  he was ordained after a period of study at Edinburgh Theological College in 1894. He served curacies in Greenock and Edinburgh.
He was Vice-Principal of Edinburgh Theological College from  1897 to 1899. He held incumbencies in Alloa,  Stirling and Selkirk; and  was Provost of St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen from 1910 to 1912. He was Principal of the  College of the Scottish Episcopal Church from 1912 to 1929; a Lecturer in Systematic Theology at Edinburgh University from 1921 (until his death); Dean of Edinburgh and Rector of Colinton from 1929 to 1939; Rector of Buckland, Gloucestershire from 1939 to 1940; and Canon in Residence at Edinburgh Cathedral from 1940 to 1947.

A prolific author, he died on 30 April 1948.

Selkirk, Scottish Borders
Selkirk (Scottish Gaelic: Salcraig) is a town and historic royal burgh in the Scottish Borders council district of southeastern Scotland. It lies on the Ettrick Water, a tributary of the River Tweed. The people of the town are known as Souters, which means cobblers (shoe makers and menders). At the time of the 2011 census, Selkirk's population was 5,784.
Lord William Russell
Lord William Russell (20 August 1767 – 5 May 1840) was a member of the British aristocratic Russell family and longtime Member of Parliament. He did little to attract public attention after the end of his political career until, in 1840, he was murdered in his sleep by his valet.

Valet
A valet or varlet is a male servant who serves as personal attendant to his employer. In the Middle Ages and Ancien Régime, valet de chambre was a role for junior courtiers and specialists such as artists in a royal court, but the term "valet" by itself most often refers to a normal servant responsible for the clothes and personal belongings of an employer, and making minor arrangements. In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet, and the role is often confused with a butler.
Fred Joerger
Fred Joerger (1913–2005) was one of Disneyland's original model makers, or "imagineers". He was recruited from Warner Bros by Walt Disney himself in 1953, and created models for most of Disneyland's original attractions, including the steamboat Mark Twain, Main Street, the Matterhorn and the Sleeping Beauty Castle.

Joerger was born in Illinois in 1913. He graduated from the University of Illinois at Chicago with a fine arts degree in 1937. He was named a Disney Legend in 2001. He died in 2005.

Matterhorn (ride)
The Matterhorn or Flying Bobs, sometimes known by alternate names such as Musik Express or Terminator, is an amusement ride very similar to the Superbob, which consists of a number of cars attached to axles that swing in and out. The hill and valley shape of the ride causes a pronounced swinging motion: the faster the ride goes, the more dramatic the swinging motion. This ride is commonly seen at a travelling funfairs. Most carnivals and parks require riders to be at least 42 inches or taller.