hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Preferred frame
In theoretical physics, a preferred frame or privileged frame is usually a special hypothetical frame of reference in which the laws of physics might appear to be identifiably different (simpler) from those in other frames.

In theories that apply the principle of relativity to inertial motion, physics is the same in all inertial frames, and is even the same in all frames under the principle of general relativity.

Inertia
Inertia is the natural tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion and objects at rest to stay at rest, unless a force causes its velocity to change. It is one of the fundamental principles in classical physics, and described by Isaac Newton in his first law of motion (also known as The Principle of Inertia). It is one of the primary manifestations of mass, one of the core quantitative properties of physical systems. Newton writes:

LAW I. Every object perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, except insofar as it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon.

In his 1687 work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Newton defined inertia as a property:

DEFINITION III. The vis insita, or innate force of matter, is a power of resisting by which every body, as much as in it lies, endeavours to persevere in its present state, whether it be of rest or of moving uniformly forward in a right line.
Kristjan Makke
Kristjan Makke (born March 12, 1981, in Kohtla-Järve) is an Estonian professional basketballer. He is currently playing for TTÜ KK at the center/forward position.
Makke started his senior club career at the age of fifteen with "BC Kalev" in 1996. After that he attended high school and college in the United States. In 2001, he moved to Tallinna Kalev. He played there until December 2002 and then moved to Ehitustööriist where he spent the next season also. In 2004–05 Makke played for Audentese Ülikool and then signed with Nybit. After three seasons in the team Makke joined TTÜ KK. He is currently the captain of the team.

Kristjan Makke is also a member of the Estonia national basketball team and has been a member of the Estonian EuroBasket squad in 2003, 2007, and 2009.

EuroBasket 2007
The 2007 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 2007, was the 35th FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe, which also served as Europe qualifier for the 2008 Summer Olympics, giving a berth to the champion and runner-up teams (or to the third-placed team in case Spain should reach the final). It was held in Spain between 3 September and 16 September 2007. Sixteen national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA Europe, the sport's regional governing body. The cities of Alicante, Granada, Madrid, Palma de Mallorca, and Seville hosted the tournament. Russia won its first EuroBasket title since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, by defeating hosts Spain, with a 60–59 score in the final. Russia's Andrei Kirilenko was voted the tournament's MVP.
Shadowbinders
Shadowbinders is a young adult fantasy webcomic that features a number of steampunk themed elements. The comic is written and drawn by husband and wife Kambrea "Geeky Sparkles" Pratt (writer) and Thomas "Kneon" Pratt (artist), who has worked on Disney comics for Gemstone Publishing. According to a television interview on WTAJ-TV, the current storyline came about when the Pratts mixed two different story ideas together. Since its publication, Shadowbinders has been covered and reviewed by comics media outlets such as Comic Book Resources and Sequential Tart.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Ingrid Seynhaeve
Ingrid Seynhaeve (born Menen, 28 June 1973) is a Belgian model. In 1991, she won the Elite Look of the Year contest, thereafter appearing in advertisements for Guess?, Ralph Lauren, and Saks Fifth Avenue, in catalogs for Victoria's Secret, and on the covers of Elle, Amica, Shape, and the French edition of Cosmopolitan.

Around 1997 she was often seen in Donald Trump's company, including at a Victoria's Secret party where she was photographed between Trump and Jeffrey Epstein. In response to speculation, she has insisted she had only ever had a professional relationship with Trump.

Seynhaeve has walked for fashion shows such as Michael Kors, Carolina Herrera, Nicole Miller, Elie Saab, Victoria's Secret, Bella Freud, and Bill Blass, and has been considered to be a top model.

In 2007 she presented the Belgian television series Topmodel.

Bill Blass
William Ralph Blass (June 22, 1922 – June 12, 2002) was an American fashion designer. He was the recipient of many fashion awards, including seven Coty Awards and the Fashion Institute of Technology's Lifetime Achievement Award (1999).
Matamec River
The Matamec River (French: Rivière Matamec) is a salmon river in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. 
The river was used for research into Atlantic salmon and brook trout by the  Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) between 1966 and 1984. 
Today the southern part of the watershed is strictly protected by the Matamec Ecological Reserve..

Gneiss
Gneiss (/naɪs/ NYSE) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures ranging from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage.

Gneisses are common in the ancient crust of continental shields. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth are gneisses, such as the Acasta Gneiss.
Otis Smith Kids Foundation
The Otis F. Smith Foundation (and later, the Otis Smith Kids Foundation) was a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that partnered with targeted Jacksonville, Florida elementary schools to provide programs and services to disadvantaged children in the areas of education, personal development and recreation. It was one of the first "celebrity" charitable foundations in the First Coast region that supported initiatives to help at-risk youth and was active for almost two decades. The organization dissolved in 2007.

First Coast
Florida's First Coast, or simply the First Coast, is the Atlantic coast of North Florida in the United States. It is the same general area as the directional region of Northeast Florida. It consists roughly of the counties abutting Jacksonville: Duval, Baker, Clay, Nassau, and St. Johns—and nearby Flagler County and Putnam County. The "First Coast" name originated in a marketing campaign in the 1980s, and has become part of Florida's regional vernacular. It is so named due to its history as the first European settlement in what is now the mainland United States, at Fort Caroline, Florida, in 1564.
Sho Sakurai
Sho Sakurai (櫻井 翔, Sakurai Shō) (born January 25, 1982) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, rapper, actor, news anchor, host and former radio host, under agent contract with Starto Entertainment. He is a member of the boy band Arashi.

Sakurai began his career in the entertainment industry when he joined the Japanese talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1995 at the age of 13. About seven years after his debut as a singer with Arashi in 1999, he became a newscaster in 2006, appearing in the news program News Zero every Monday. In 2008, he was appointed the official newscaster for the news coverage of the Olympic Games in Beijing on NTV. For his work as an actor, singer and newscaster, Sakurai became one of the recipients of GQ Japan's Men of the Year award in 2009. His father is Shun Sakurai, former vice-minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.

The Dinner Table Detective
The Dinner Table Detective (謎解きはディナーのあとで, Nazotoki wa Dinā no Ato de; lit. "The After-Dinner Mysteries") is a Japanese mystery novel series written by Tokuya Higashigawa and illustrated by Yūsuke Nakamura. Shogakukan have published three volumes from September 2010 to December 2012. A manga adaptation illustrated by Aya Kawase was serialized in Shogakukan's josei manga magazine Petit Comic from April to November 2011, with its chapters collected into two tankōbon volumes. A sequel novel series by the same author and illustrator, titled Shin Nazotoki wa Dinner no Ato de, was published by Shogakukan in two volumes from March 2021 to September 2024.

A 10-episode television drama adaptation aired from October to December 2011 on Fuji TV and its affiliates. An anime television series adaptation produced by Madhouse aired from April to June 2025 on the same television network's Noitamina programming block.
Brush Creek (Raystown Branch Juniata River tributary)
Brush Creek is a 24.7-mile-long (39.8 km) tributary of the Raystown Branch Juniata River in Fulton and Bedford counties, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

Brush Creek flows down a valley between Polish Mountain and Rays Hill, and enters the Raystown Branch several miles west of Breezewood.

Polish Mountain
Polish Mountain /ˈpɒlɪʃ/ is located in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. It borders on Town Creek Tributary on the east, north of Town Creek, and extending northeastward into Pennsylvania. Its highest elevation is 1,800 feet (550 m).

In February 2011, nine Maryland State Senators introduced a bill to rename Polish Mountain and Negro Mountain. All four Western Maryland state representatives testified against the proposed bill.  The bill was voted down in committee.
Gary Cunningham (rugby union)
Gary Richard Cunningham (born 12 May 1955) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A wing and centre, Cunningham represented Auckland and North Harbour at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1979 and 1980. He played 17 matches for the All Blacks including five internationals.

Auckland Rugby Union
The Auckland Rugby Union is a New Zealand provincial rugby union. The union was established in 1883 and was originally responsible for the administration of the sport in most of the former Auckland Province, although its boundaries have since shrunk to include only a portion of the Auckland urban area. The union governs the Auckland representative team, which has won New Zealand's first-tier domestic provincial competition 17 times, more than any other team. Their most recent title was the 2018 Mitre 10 Cup Premiership. The union administers all club rugby within its boundaries, including the Gallaher Shield and other senior club rugby, as well as school rugby. Auckland also acts as a primary feeder to the Blues, who play in the Super Rugby competition.
Rdio
Rdio (pronounced  "r-dee-oh") was an online music streaming service that offered ad-supported free streaming and ad-free subscription streaming services in 85 countries.

Rdio's library had content from the four major record labels, as well as the Merlin Network and the aggregators BFM Digital, Catapult, CD Baby, boomertunes, INgrooves, and The Orchard. Rdio also offered social networking features, such as the ability to share songs, albums, and playlists with others on Rdio and social networks such as Facebook and Twitter.

On November 16, 2015, Rdio filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in which they had to pay $200 million and announced the sale of certain intellectual property to Pandora Radio. The purchase price was $75 million in cash.

The Orchard (company)
Orchard Enterprises NY, Inc., doing business as The Orchard (also known as The Orchard Music), is an American music and entertainment company, specializing in media distribution. It is a division of Sony Music Entertainment, based in New York City. In 2019, the company sold off its film and television division, which was renamed 1091 Media.
Lyudmila Koblova
Lyudmila Vyacheslavovna Koblova (Russian: Людмила Вячеславовна Коблова; born 26 May 1967) is a Russian former pair skater who competed for the Soviet Union. With her skating partner, Andrei Kalitin, she won seven international medals, including gold at the 1985 Nebelhorn Trophy and bronze at the 1986 Skate America.

After retiring from competition, Koblova became a skating coach in Russia. She formerly coached Viktoria Borzenkova, Andrei Chuvilaev, Kristina Astakhova, and Nikita Bochkov.

Nikita Bochkov
Nikita Mikhailovich Bochkov (Russian: Никита Михайлович Бочков; born 16 May 1991) is a Russian pair skater who currently represents Belarus with partner Maria Paliakova. With former partner Kristina Astakhova, he placed seventh at the 2011 World Junior Championships.
2015 Distal & ITR Group Tennis Cup – Doubles
Guillermo Durán and Máximo González were the defending champions, but Durán did not participate this year. González defended his title alongside Flavio Cipolla, beating Andreas Beck and Peter Gojowczyk 6–4, 6–1.

Peter Gojowczyk
Peter Gojowczyk (/ɡoʊˈjoʊvtʃɪk/ goh-YOHV-chik; born 15 July 1989) is a German former professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 39 in June 2018. He won one ATP singles title and reached two more finals.
Philippine snubnose halfbeak
The Philippine snubnose halfbeak (Melapedalion breve) is a species of halfbeak. It is a coastal species that originates from the South China and Sulu Seas around the Philippines and Malaysia. It grows to about 22.7 centimetres (8.9 in) SL. It is the only member of its monotypic genus and was originally described as Oxyporhamphus brevis by Alvin Seale in 1910 with the type locality given as Paawacan, Palawan Island, Philippines.

Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea (Filipino: Dagat Sulu; Tausug: Dagat sin Sūg; Malay: Laut Sulu; Spanish: Mar de Joló) is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipelago. Borneo is found to the southwest and Visayas to the northeast.

The Sulu Sea contains a number of islands. The Cuyo Islands and the Cagayan Islands are part of the province of Palawan whereas Mapun and the Turtle Islands are part of the province of Tawi-Tawi. Sulu Sea is also where the Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park, one of the World Heritage Sites is located.

Panay Gulf is an extension of the Sulu Sea.  Straits out of the Sulu Sea include the Iloilo Strait, the Guimaras Strait, and the Basilan Strait.
Hills mechanism
The Hills mechanism is a phenomenon that occurs when a binary star system is disrupted by a supermassive black hole.

Tidal forces from the black hole cause one of the stars to be captured by it, and fall into an orbit around it. The other star is thrown away from the black hole at very high speeds. The phenomenon was proposed by astronomer Jack Hills in 1988 and confirmed in 2019, when an example of such a jettisoned star was observed. This ejected star, S5-HVS1, was determined to be travelling away from the galactic core of the Milky Way at 1,755 km/s (3,930,000 mph), almost 0.6% of the speed of light).

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Motion graphics
Motion graphics (sometimes mograph) are pieces of animation or digital footage that create the illusion of motion or rotation, and are usually combined with audio for use in multimedia projects. Motion graphics are usually displayed via electronic media technology, but may also be displayed via manual powered technology (e.g. thaumatrope, phenakistoscope, stroboscope, zoetrope, praxinoscope, flip book). The term distinguishes static graphics from those with a transforming appearance over time, without over-specifying the form. While any form of experimental or abstract animation can be called motion graphics, the term typically more explicitly refers to the commercial application of animation and effects to video, film, TV, and interactive applications.

Praxinoscope
The praxinoscope is an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it uses a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.  Someone looking in the mirrors can, therefore, see a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered.
SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors
SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors (Japanese: SDガンダム三国伝 BraveBattleWarriors; lit. SD Gundam Legend of the Three Kingdoms BraveBattleWarriors) is a Japanese anime adaptation of the SD Gundam model kit series BB Senshi Sangokuden produced by Sunrise.  Loosely based on the classic 14th century Chinese historical novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, with characters being personifications of various mobile suits from the Gundam franchise, the show first premiered in Japanese theaters as a 15-minute short film titled Chō Denei-ban SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors (超電影版SDガンダム三国伝 BraveBattleWarriors) on February 27, 2010.  The broadcast of the television series followed two months later on TXN stations on April 3, 2010. It was directed by Kenichi Suzuki and Kunihiro Mori, and ran for 51 episodes.

Hiroki Yasumoto
Hiroki Yasumoto (安元 洋貴, Yasumoto Hiroki; born March 16, 1977) is a Japanese voice actor and narrator. He belongs to Sigma Seven. His representative works are Hozuki's Coolheadedness (Hozuki), Bleach (Yasutora Sado), Hetalia: Axis Powers (Germany), Super Soccer (narration), and Close-up Gendai (narration).
2011 Russian Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 Russian Figure Skating Championships (Russian: Чемпионат России по фигурному катанию на коньках 2011) was held on 26–29 December 2010 in Saransk. The junior competition was held on 2–4 February 2011 in Kazan. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The results could be used to help determine the teams for the 2011 World Championships and the 2011 European Championships.

Saransk
Saransk (UK: /səˈrænsk/, US: /sɑːˈrɑːnsk/) is the capital city of Mordovia, Russia, as well as its financial and economic centre. It is located in the Volga basin at the confluence of the Saranka and Insar Rivers, about 630 kilometers (390 mi) east of Moscow. Saransk was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Shehzad Afzal
Shehzad Afzal is a Scottish filmmaker, writer, director, producer, editor, cinematographer, innovator, and  game designer of South Asian-Pakistani heritage, born in Dundee, Scotland. His multidisciplinary career spans film, technology, game design, and sustainable practices, informed by his extensive experience in IT and military service.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Galibi Order
The Galibi Order of Sufism is a descendant of the Qadiriya and Rifa'iya orders – the integration of the earliest and the most popular orders established in Islam. It was known as the Qadiriyyah-Rufai order until the order branched off its ancestor school in 1993, and began to be called after the name of its sheikh, Galip Hasan Kuşçuoğlu. The Order's central dargah is in Istanbul and it has various branches throughout Turkey (e.g., Ankara, Çorum, Adana, Gaziantep, Kütahya, Isparta, Antalya). The Galibi are Hanifi in fiqh and Alevi in disposition. They follow Maturidi and Ash'ari schools in the matters of theological inquiry.

Disposition
A disposition is a quality of character, a habit, a preparation, a state of readiness, or a tendency to act in a specified way.

The terms dispositional belief and occurrent belief refer, in the former case, to a belief that is held in the mind but not currently being considered, and in the latter case, to a belief that is currently being considered by the mind.

In Bourdieu's theory of fields, dispositions are the natural tendencies of each individual to take on a specific position in any field. There is no strict determinism through one's dispositions. The habitus is the choice of positions according to one's dispositions. However, in retrospect, a space of possibilities can always be observed.

A disposition is not a process or event in some duration in time, but rather the state, preparation, or tendency of a structure "in waiting".  In the field of possibilities, its actual triggering has a statistical value.
The Tip-Off (film)
The Tip-Off is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Albert S. Rogell, written by Earl Baldwin, and starring Eddie Quillan, Robert Armstrong, Ginger Rogers, Joan Peers and Ralf Harolde. The film was released on October 16, 1931, by RKO Pictures.

Earl Baldwin
Earl Baldwin (January 11, 1901– October 9, 1970) was an American screenwriter.  He was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1901. During his career he wrote more than 50 produced screenplays, including Wild Boys of the Road, Brother Orchid, and Abbott and Costello's Africa Screams. He died at age 69 in Hollywood, California.