hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mea culpa
Mea culpa (/ˌmeɪ.əˈkʊl.pə/) is a phrase of Latin origin that means my fault or my mistake, and is an acknowledgment of having done wrong. The expression is also used as an admission of having made a mistake that should have been avoided and, in a religious context, may be accompanied by symbolically beating the breast when uttering the words.

The phrase comes from a Western Christian prayer of confession of sinfulness, known as the Confiteor, used in the Roman Rite at the beginning of Mass or when receiving the sacrament of Penance. Grammatically, meā culpā is in the ablative case, with an instrumental meaning.

Wrongdoing
A wrong, or wrength (from Old English wrang – 'crooked'), is an act that is illegal, incorrect, or immoral. Legal wrongs are usually quite clearly defined in the law of a state or jurisdiction. They can be divided into civil wrongs and crimes (or criminal offenses) in common law countries, while civil law countries tend to have some additional categories, such as contraventions. Moral wrong is an underlying concept for legal wrong. Some moral wrongs are punishable by law, for example rape or murder. Other moral wrongs have nothing to do with law but are related to unethical behaviours. On the other hand, some legal wrongs, such as many types of parking offences, could hardly be classified as moral wrongs.
Seamless3d
Seamless3d is an open-source 3D modeling software available under the MIT license.

The models for the virtual reality world Techuelife Island were created using Seamless3d technology. Techuelife Island is showcased by Blaxxun as an example of what is possible when using the interactive multi-user Blaxxun platform.

Many Seamless3d tutorials have been translated to French.

VRML
VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language, pronounced vermal or by its initials, originally—before 1995—known as the Virtual Reality Markup Language) is a standard file format for representing 3-dimensional (3D) interactive vector graphics, designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind. It has been superseded by X3D.
Doug Davies (rugby union)
Douglas S. Davies (23 July 1899 – 9 March 1987) was a Scottish international rugby union player, who played for Scotland and the British & Irish Lions at number 8.

Davies was born in Ashkirk, Scottish Borders.  He was capped 24 times for Scotland.

He also played for Hawick RFC, and was on the 1924 British Lions tour to South Africa.

He died, aged, 87, in Peel, Isle of Man.

1924 British Lions tour to South Africa
The 1924 British Isles tour to South Africa was the tenth tour by a British Isles team and the fifth to South Africa. The tour is retrospectively classed as one of the British Lions tours, as the Lions naming convention was not adopted until 1950.

As well as South Africa, the tour included a game in Salisbury in Rhodesia, in what would become present day Harare in Zimbabwe.
Nonviolent movement opposing open pit mining in Bangladesh
The indigenous people of Phulbari, Bangladesh, fought against the use of open-pit mining from August 26, 2006, to February 6, 2014. Open pit mining would displace thousands of people, as well as destroy farmland, and divert water sources for use in the mining process.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
The Dumping Ground series 9
The ninth series of the British children's television series The Dumping Ground began broadcasting on 11 June 2021 on CBBC and concluded on 25 March 2022. The series follows the lives of the children living in the fictional children's care home of Ashdene Ridge, nicknamed by them "The Dumping Ground". It consists of twenty, thirty-minute episodes. It is the 18th series in The Story of Tracy Beaker franchise (My Mum Tracy Beaker having aired between this and the eighth series). This series is shorter than usual due to the COVID-19 pandemic and substantial delays in filming. This marked the last regular appearance of Annabelle Davis as Sasha Bellman prior to her new acting role in Hollyoaks as Lacey Lloyd.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
Theodor Niederbach
Theodor Niederbach (born 25 February 2002) is a Swedish ice hockey forward currently playing for Frölunda HC in the highest Swedish ice-hockey division, the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). Niederbach was drafted 51st overall by the Detroit Red Wings in the 2020 NHL entry draft.

2020 NHL entry draft
The 2020 NHL entry draft was the 58th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held from October 6–7, 2020. It was originally scheduled for June 26–27, 2020, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, but was postponed on March 25, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was held in a remote format, with teams convening via videoconferencing, and Commissioner Gary Bettman announcing the selections in the opening round and deputy commissioner Bill Daly in all subsequent rounds from the NHL Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey.

The first three selections were Alexis Lafreniere by the New York Rangers, Quinton Byfield by the Los Angeles Kings, and Tim Stutzle by the Ottawa Senators.
The Circus Cyclone
The Circus Cyclone is a 1925 American silent Western film written and directed by Albert S. Rogell. The film stars Art Acord, Moe McCrea, Nancy Deaver, Cesare Gravina, Albert J. Smith, and Hilliard Karr. The film was released on October 4, 1925, by Universal Pictures.

Art Acord
Arthemus Ward "Art" Acord (April 17, 1890 – January 4, 1931) was an American silent film actor and rodeo champion. After his film career ended in 1929, Acord worked in rodeo road shows and as a miner in Mexico.
Adeline Grattard
Adeline Grattard is the head chef of the Michelin-starred restaurant Yam'Tcha in Paris.

Grattard was born on 8 February 1978 in Dijon, France. She was trained at the School of French Cuisine at Ferrandi and worked under Pascal Barbot at L'Astrance.

Grattard's husband, Chi Wah Chan, was born in Hong Kong, and they moved from Paris to Hong Kong for two years, where Grattard worked alongside Chinese chefs and explored the culinary scene. They returned to Paris and together opened Yam'Tcha in the Les Halles neighborhood in 2009. The name Yam'Tcha is a reference to the Cantonese phrase "Yum cha" for eating a meal with tea, and tea service by Chan is part of the prix fixe meal at the restaurant. Yam'Tcha received many positive reviews in its first year and was awarded one star in the 2010 Michelin Guide.

Grattard was featured on an episode of the Netflix series Chef's Table: France in 2016.

Yum cha
Yum cha is the Cantonese tradition of breakfast or brunch involving Chinese tea and dim sum. The practice is popular in Cantonese-speaking regions, including Guangdong province, Guangxi province, Hong Kong, and Macau. It is also carried out in other regions worldwide where there are overseas Cantonese communities. Yum cha generally involves small portions of steamed, pan-fried, or deep-fried dim sum dishes served in bamboo steamers, which are designed to be eaten communally and washed down with hot tea. People often go to yum cha in large groups for family gatherings and celebrations.
Niels Knagenhielm
Niels Tygesøn Knagenhielm (also known as Niels Knag; 11 May 1661 – 19 May 1737) was a Norwegian civil servant, land owner and merchant. He is also known for his writings about Northern Norway.

Knagenhielm was born near Vågsneset in the parish of Aure in Nordmøre, Norway. He served as district stipendiary magistrate and bailiff in Finnmark. Along with Bergen merchant Jørgen Thormøhlen, he became involved with the lucrative trade in Finnmark and northern Russia. In 1688 he was appointed deputy judge of Stavanger, and in 1695,  he was appointed to Lagmann in Bergen. He lived at the Hop farm on the island of Askøy. In 1710 he also bought the farms at Kaupanger and Stedje parish in Sogndal and Losnegard on the island of Losna. He was knighted in 1721 with the surname Knagenhielm. He died in 1737 and was buried at St Mary's Church in Bergen.

Stedje Church
Stedje Church (Norwegian: Stedje kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sogndal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Sogndalsfjøra, near the shore of the Sogndalsfjorden. It is the church for the Stedje parish which is part of the Sogn prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The red, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1867 using plans drawn up by the architect Christian Christie. The church seats about 400 people.
Nyko FrontMan
The Nyko Frontman is a guitar controller produced by Nyko for several game systems to be used with the video games Guitar Hero and Rock Band. Depending on the version, its appearance is very similar to the Fender Telecaster (Wii) or the Gibson Explorer (PS2/PS3).

Gibson Explorer
The Gibson Explorer is a type of electric guitar model by Gibson guitars, released in 1958. The Explorer offered a radical, "futuristic" body design, much like its siblings: the Flying V, which was released the same year, and the Moderne, which was designed in 1957 but not released until 1982. The Explorer was the final development of a prototype design that, years later, Gibson marketed under the name Futura.

The Explorer's initial run was unsuccessful, and the model was discontinued in 1963. In 1976, Gibson began reissuing the Explorer after competitor Hamer Guitars had success selling similar designs. The Explorer became especially popular among the hard rock and heavy metal musicians of the 1970s and 1980s.
1999 Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council election
Elections to Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council were held on 6 May 1999.  One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party lost overall control of the council to no overall control. The overall turnout of the election was 30.09% (44,215 voters of an electorate of 146,944). The winning candidate in each ward is highlighted in bold.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Labour 20

Conservative 19

Liberal Democrats 14

Independent 1

Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council
Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council, also known as Calderdale Council, is the local authority for the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale in West Yorkshire, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough. Since 2014 the council has been a constituent member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2019. It is based at Halifax Town Hall.
Hormasji Kanga
Dr Hormasji Dorabji Kanga also known as HD Kanga (9 April 1880 – 29 December 1945) was an Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket for the Parsis (sometimes spelt Parsees) cricket team between 1899 and 1921 as an all-rounder and opening batsman. He was the first Indian to score a double century in a first-class match, and the Kanga Cricket League is named after him. His older twin brothers Dinshaw and MD also played first-class cricket for Parsees.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Timeline of protests against Rodrigo Duterte
The following is a timeline of protests against Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th President of the Philippines, and his policies. Issues were addressed in the protests including the war on drugs, employment issues, anti-terror law, and the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Endo contractualization
Endo (derived from "end-of-contract") refers to a short-term de facto employment practice in the Philippines. It is a form of contractualization in which companies provide workers with temporary "employment" that lasts for less than six months (or strictly speaking, 180 calendar days) and then terminate their employment just before they can be regularized, in order to skirt the costs that come with the benefits of regularization. Some examples of such benefits are the de jure "employer-and-employee relationship"-mandated SSS, PhilHealth, and Pag-IBIG Fund contributions, paid time off (leaves), and a 13th month pay, among others.
Wagmag
Wagmag, a Brooklyn Art Guide, is a free monthly listings magazine with information about Brooklyn's numerous contemporary art galleries, including opening receptions and exhibitions. The magazine serves the communities of: Bedford–Stuyvesant, Boerum Hill, Brooklyn Heights, Bushwick, Carroll Gardens, Clinton Hill, Cobble Hill, Dumbo, Fort Greene, Gowanus, Greenpoint, Park Slope, Prospect Heights, Red Hook and Williamsburg.

Wagmag is printed and online, listing gallery venues with a 16-page pamphlet publication that lists each month's art, the reviews, how to get about, and a special section for openings and events.

Wagmag is produced by "ARTfront, Inc." a not-for-profit organization and so can be taken for free. The expanded guide also includes critics' suggestions of exhibits to see as well as a website that has exhibition details.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Lights Go Out
"Lights Go Out" is a song by English electronic group Client from their third studio album, Heartland. It was released in Germany in December 2006 on CD and digital download by Out of Line Music and SPV GmbH, and on 12" by Masterhit Recordings.

It is the band's first single since leaving the Toast Hawaii label and their first release not to be issued in their native United Kingdom. The song was used in a club scene in the beginning of the 2008 film The Ramen Girl, along with "Drive".

Heartland (Client album)
Heartland is the third studio album by English electronic music group Client, released on 21 March 2007. It is Client's only album to feature Emily Mann (known as Client E) as a member of the band. A limited edition of the album was also released in Germany, including a bonus DVD of all the group's music videos released up to that point.
Chemistry Quality Eurolabels
The Chemistry Quality Eurolabels or European Quality Labels in Chemistry (Labels européens de Qualité en Chimie) is a marketing scheme for chemistry degrees at institutions located within the 45 countries involved in the Bologna process. Labels are awarded to qualifying institutions under the names are Eurobachelor and Euromaster, as well as the proposed Eurodoctorate. Label Committee not only prepares for the ECTN Administrative Council proposals to award the Eurolabels but also judge the quality of chemical education programmes at HEIs. ECTN and its Label Committee closely collaborates with EuCheMS and American Chemical Society.

It is a framework which is supported by EuCheMS, and the labels are awarded by ECTN. The project is supported by the European Commission (EC) through its SOCRATES programme. The purpose of the framework is to "promote recognition of first, second cycle degrees, and third cycle degrees not only within the 45 countries involved in the Bologna process".

University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCT Prague; Czech: Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, VŠCHT Praha) is the largest university specializing in chemistry in the Czech Republic. Though founded in 1952, UCT Prague has origins dating back to the early nineteenth century and Prague Polytechnic, a precursor to the present-day Czech Technical University in Prague, and, since that time, it has been one of the leading chemistry research universities in Central Europe. More than 3,600 students are accepted every year. In 2014, UCT Prague had 510 academic staff and 361 research staff.
David M. Sever
David M. Sever is an American herpetologist, histologist, anatomist and reproductive biologist.  He has been a professor and department head in the Department of Biological Sciences at Southeastern Louisiana University since 2004, and held the Kenneth Dyson Endowed Professorship in Biological Sciences from 2012 to 2015. He is well known for over 30 years of research on the secondary sexual characteristics of salamanders and more generally on comparative histoanatomy of the urogenital systems of vertebrates. and was recognized as the 2013 Distinguished Herpetologist of the Year by the Herpetologists' League.

Nova Science Publishers
Nova Science Publishers is an academic publisher of books, encyclopedias, handbooks, e-books and journals, based in Hauppauge, New York. It was founded in 1985. Nova is included in Book Citation Index (part of Web of Science Core Collection) and scopus-indexed. A prolific publisher of books, Nova has received criticism from librarians for not always subjecting its publications to academic peer review and for republishing public domain book chapters and freely-accessible government publications at high prices.
Milhiem
The Milhiems are an ethnic group living in parts of Northeast India and Myanmar. Some writers refer to them as Milhem, Meriem, Mirem, Marrem or Miriam. They belong to the "Old Kuki tribes" of Manipur. The Milhiems believe that they descend from a common ancestor who came from a cave which they call Khul. Their history is based on oral tradition, folklore and myth handed down from one generation to the next. Their society is organised into clans and subclans. The village is the highest unit of society and lands belong to the village chief, who is considered the head of their clan or subclan. Some Milhiem clans and subclans are scattered among other Old Kuki tribes such as the Chothe, Purum, Koireng, Kom, Lamkang, Aimol, Maring, Tarao, Vaiphei, Paite, Lusei and also among the Thadou-kuki tribe.

Koireng people
The Koireng people are one of the ethnic groups inhabiting Manipur in North-East India. They speak the [Koireng language]. They are mentioned in the Meitei royal chronicle Cheitharol Kumbaba in the year 1404, one of the oldest tribes to be so mentioned. They have a shared common ancestry, history, cultural traits, folklore and dialects with their kindred people like Aimol and Kom.
They use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.
Melpa language
Melpa (Meldpa,  Mbowamb) is a Papuan language spoken by about 130,000 people predominantly in Mount Hagen and the surrounding district of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken by the Kawelka people and other related tribes.

Melpa is a pandanus language used during karuka harvests. Melpa has a velar lateral, written as a double-barred el (Ⱡ, ⱡ). Melpa is notable for its binary counting system. A dictionary of Melpa has been compiled by Stewart, Strathern and Trantow (2011).

Mount Hagen
Mount Hagen (Tok Pisin: Maun Hagen) is the third largest city in Papua New Guinea, with a population of 46,250. It is the capital of the Western Highlands Province and is located in the large fertile Wahgi Valley in central mainland Papua New Guinea, at an elevation of 1,677 m (5,502 ft).

The Highlands Highway is the main arterial route to connect Mount Hagen with the coastal cities of Lae and Madang.

The city is named after the old eroded volcano Mount Hagen, located about 24 kilometres (15 mi) to the north-west. The volcano was named after the German colonial officer Curt von Hagen (1859–1897).
Philippe Moggio
Philippe Moggio is a French-Colombian former professional tennis player, banker, sports executive and current General Secretary of CONCACAF.

Moggio was appointed to the position in May 2016.

He represented Colombia at the 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 Davis Cup.

1999 Davis Cup
The 1999 Davis Cup (also known as the 1999 Davis Cup by NEC for sponsorship purposes) was the 88th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 129 teams entered the competition, 16 in the World Group, 30 in the Americas Zone, 32 in the Asia/Oceania Zone, and 51 in the Europe/Africa Zone. Fiji made its first appearances in the tournament.

Australia defeated France in the final, held at the Acropolis Exhibition Hall in Nice, France, on 3–5 December, to win their 27th title and their first since 1986. Mark Philippoussis, Lleyton Hewitt and doubles pairing Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde made up the winning Australian team in the final; Pat Rafter, who was involved in the Aussies' run to the final was forced to pull out due to injury.
2004 Tennessee Titans season
The 2004 Tennessee Titans season was the franchise's 35th season in the National Football League (NFL), their 45th overall and their eighth in the state of Tennessee. The Titans attempted to improve upon their previous output of 12–4, but only managed to win five games for the season. The Titans missed the playoffs for the first time since 2001, and this was their worst record since 1994 when they were still based in Houston.

The season is notable when the team lost three starters from the famed 1999 team; lineman Jevon Kearse went to the Philadelphia Eagles, running back Eddie George was released before the season, and would later sign with the Dallas Cowboys, while tight end Frank Wycheck retired after the 2003 season.

2004 Dallas Cowboys season
The 2004 season was the Dallas Cowboys' 45th in the National Football League (NFL), their 16th under the ownership of Jerry Jones, their 33rd playing their home games at Texas Stadium, and their second season under head coach Bill Parcells.   The team failed to improve on their 10–6 record in 2003 and finished at 6–10, failing to make the playoffs for the fourth time since 1999.