hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Falkland Islanders
Falkland Islanders, also called Falklanders, are the people of the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory in South America.

Prior to the start of the 19th century, the Falkland Islands were uninhabited by Native Americans. The modern Falkland Islander population derives from various origins. Earliest among these are the numerically small but internationally diverse early 19th century inhabitants of the Islands, comprising and descended in part from settlers brought by Luis Vernet, and English and American sealers; South American gauchos who settled in the 1840s and 1850s; and since the late 1830s, settlers largely from Britain (especially Scotland and Wales) with a minority from other European countries. More recently, there has been significant levels of immigration from Saint Helena, Chile, the Philippines, and Zimbabwe.

Ethnic groups in Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common ancestry, language, faith, historical continuity, etc. There are no universally accepted and precise definitions of the terms "ethnic group" and "nationality", but in the context of European ethnography in particular, the terms ethnic group, people, nationality and ethno-linguistic group are used as mostly synonymous. Preference may vary in usage with respect to the situation specific to the individual countries of Europe, and the context in which they may be classified by those terms.

The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans in 2002. The Russians are the most populous among Europeans, with a population of roughly 120 million.
Rupert of Hentzau (1923 film)
Rupert of Hentzau is a 1923 American silent adventure film directed by Victor Heerman and starring Bert Lytell, Elaine Hammerstein, and Lew Cody. It is an adaptation of Anthony Hope's 1898 novel Rupert of Hentzau, the sequel to The Prisoner of Zenda.

Anthony Hope
Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins (9 February 1863 – 8 July 1933), better known as Anthony Hope, was a British novelist and playwright.  He was a prolific writer, especially of adventure novels but he is remembered predominantly for only two books: The Prisoner of Zenda (1894) and its sequel Rupert of Hentzau (1898).

These works, "minor classics" of English literature, are set in the contemporaneous fictional country of Ruritania and spawned the genre known as Ruritanian romance, books set in fictional European locales similar to the novels. Zenda has inspired many adaptations, most notably the 1937 Hollywood movie of the same name and the 1952 version.
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938
This is an article about the "Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938". For the act by the same name in 1933, see Agricultural Adjustment Act.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (Pub. L. 75–430, 52 Stat. 31, enacted February 16, 1938) was legislation in the United States that was enacted as an alternative and replacement for the farm subsidy policies, in previous New Deal farm legislation (Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933), that had been found unconstitutional. The act revived the provisions in the previous Agriculture Adjustment Act, with the exception that the financing of the law's programs would be provided by the Federal Government and not a processor's tax, and was also enforced as a response to the success of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936.

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
Gregory Scarpa Jr.
Gregory J. Scarpa Jr. (born August 4, 1951) is a former American mobster and caporegime in the Colombo crime family and government informant. He is the son of hitman and fellow caporegime in the family Gregory Scarpa. It is believed Scarpa Jr. had murdered at least 11 people from between 1980 and 1987. Scarpa Jr. was primarily active in bank robbery, illegal gambling, and was also involved in trafficking cocaine, marijuana and heroin. In February 1989, Scarpa Jr. was sentenced to 20 years in prison, and again in May 1999, Scarpa Jr. was sentenced to 40 years in prison. In November 2020, Scarpa Jr. was released from prison after serving 31 years in prison.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Stöð 2 Sport
Stöð 2 Sport was an Icelandic television channel that broadcast a wide variety of different sports in Iceland, operated by Stöð 2. Stöð 2 Sport is only broadcast in Iceland and only in Icelandic.

In June 2025 it was rebranded into Sýn Sport.

Television in Iceland
Television in Iceland is composed of the public broadcasting service of RÚV as well as four free-to-air channels and a number of subscription channels provided by local private broadcasters, including Síminn and Sýn. Streaming services are also available from international providers such as Netlfix, Disney+, Viaplay and HBO Max. Television broadcasting began in Iceland in 1955 intended for U.S forces at the Keflavík Air Base. In 1966, RÚV began local television broadcasts in Icelandic.

Channels can be received through managed IPTV providers such as Síminn and Sýn, by over-the-top streaming applications and via digital terrestrial TV (DVB-T2).
Resist (semiconductor fabrication)
In semiconductor fabrication, a resist is a thin layer used to transfer a circuit pattern to the semiconductor substrate which it is deposited upon. A resist can be patterned via lithography to form a (sub)micrometer-scale, temporary mask that protects selected areas of the underlying substrate during subsequent processing steps. The material used to prepare said thin layer is typically a viscous solution. Resists are generally proprietary mixtures of a polymer or its precursor and other small molecules (e.g. photoacid generators) that have been specially formulated for a given lithography technology. Resists used during photolithography are called photoresists.

Photomask
A photomask (also simply called a mask) is an opaque plate with transparent areas that allow light to shine through in a defined pattern. Photomasks are commonly used in photolithography for the production of integrated circuits (ICs or "chips") to produce a pattern on a thin wafer of material (usually silicon). In semiconductor manufacturing, a mask is sometimes called a reticle.

In photolithography, several masks are used in turn, each one reproducing a layer of the completed design, and together known as a mask set. A curvilinear photomask has patterns with curves, which is a departure from conventional photomasks which only have patterns that are completely vertical or horizontal, known as manhattan geometry. These photomasks require special equipment to manufacture.
Weizza
A weizza or weikza (Burmese: ဝိဇ္ဇာ, Pali: vijjādhara) is a mystic in Burmese Buddhism commonly associated with esoteric and heterodox practices such as recitation of spells, samatha, and alchemy. The goal of this practice is to achieve immortality and await the appearance of the future Buddha, Metteya.

Weikza practices are less common than merit-making practices or vipassanā meditation. During the socialist era from 1962 to 1988, Ne Win banned secret weizza associations, weizza magazines and literature, and portrayals of weizza from films and other media, but the concept has made a resurgence since 1988, particularly following the abolition of the national censorship board in 2012. Burmese pagodas often house weizza shrines, where they are venerated for their spiritual purity and their devotion to those in need. Weizza teachers have also amassed hundreds of thousands of followers using social media.

Burmese pagoda
Burmese pagodas are stupas that typically house Buddhist relics, including relics associated with Buddha. Pagodas feature prominently in Myanmar's landscape, earning the country the moniker "land of pagodas." Several cities in the country, including Mandalay and Bagan, are known for their abundance of pagodas. Pagodas are the site of seasonal pagoda festivals.

Burmese pagodas are enclosed in a compound known as the aran (အာရာမ်, from Pali ārāma), with gateways called mok (မုခ်, from Pali mukha) at the four cardinal directions. The platform surrounding a Burmese pagoda is called a yinbyin (ရင်ပြင်).

According to 2016 statistics compiled by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, Myanmar is home to 1,479 pagodas exceeding 27 feet (8.2 m) in height, a quarter of which are located in Sagaing Region.
Chempaneer Poovu
Chempaneer Poovu  (transl. Red Rose) is an Indian Malayalam language soap opera that premiered from 29 January 2024 on Asianet. It is an official remake of Tamil television series Siragadikka Aasai The series stars Gomathi Priya (later replaced by Rebecca Santhosh) and Arun Nair.

Asianet (TV channel)
Asianet is an Indian Malayalam language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily telecasts programs such as serials, reality shows and Malayalam films. Asianet HD is the first High Definition channel in Malayalam and was the Star network's first HD channel in a language other than Hindi or English.
30 millions d'amis
30 millions d'amis (English: "30 Million Friends") is a French television program, a French monthly magazine with its posters, and a French foundation: the Fondation 30 Millions d'Amis. All three focus on pets, especially cats, dogs, horses, ferrets, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, hamsters, mice, canaries, parakeets, parrots, terrarium reptiles, goldfish, aquarium fish, and other exotic pets, but also wild animals like for example, bonobos and cheetahs.

Terrarium
A terrarium (pl. terraria or terrariums) is a glass container containing soil and plants in an environment different from the surroundings. It is usually a sealable container that can be opened for maintenance or to access the plants inside; however, terraria can also be open to the atmosphere. Terraria are often kept as ornamental items.

A closed terrarium's transparent walls allow heat and light to enter, creating a very favorable environment for plant growth. Heat entering the sealed container allows the creation of a small water cycle due to evaporating moisture from the soil and plants. The water vapor then condenses onto the walls of the container, eventually falling back onto the plants and soil below. Light passing through the transparent walls allows photosynthesis. Open terraria are not sealed and are better suited to plants requiring a more arid environment.
Lycée Français de Bali
Lycée Français de Bali Louis Antoine de Bougainville (LFB, Indonesian: Sekolah Perancis Bali), also known as the École Internationale Française de Bali (EIFB) before 2016, is a French international school in Kerobokan, Bali, Indonesia. It serves maternelle (preschool) through the terminale (final year) of the lycée (senior high school).

The school first opened on 1 September 1991. High school classes began in 2009, with terminale (final year) classes starting in 2011.

As of 2016 the school has about 350 students.

Louis Antoine de Bougainville
Louis-Antoine, Comte de Bougainville (French: [buɡɛ̃vil]; 12 November 1729 – 31 August 1811) was a French military officer and explorer. After having served in the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War, Bougainville later gained fame for his expeditions, including a circumnavigation of the globe in a scientific expedition in 1763, the first recorded settlement on the Falkland Islands, and voyages into the Pacific Ocean. Bougainville Island of Papua New Guinea as well as the flowering plant Bougainvillea are named in his honour.
Tantra (TV series)
Tantra  (transl. Black Magic) is an Indian Hindi language supernatural television series based on black magic which aired from 3 December 2018 to 5 April 2019 on Colors TV. Produced by Siddharth Kumar Tewary under Swastik Productions, it starred Sargun Kaur Luthra, Juhi Parmar, Manish Goel, Gautam Singh Vig and Sameksha.

Colors TV
Colors TV India is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, fantasy shows, romantic dramas, comedies, reality shows and crime shows.
Rigby Wason
(Peter) Rigby Wason (1797 – 24 July 1875) was a Scottish barrister and farmer, and a Whig politician.  He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Ipswich in Suffolk from 1831 until his defeat at the 1835 general election. However, the election was declared void on petition, and he was returned to the House of Commons at the resulting by-election, holding the seat until he was defeated again at the 1837 general election.

He regained the seat at the 1841 general election, but that election was overturned on petition and he did not stand again.

Wason married Euphemia McTier.  Their children included Cathcart Wason (1848–1921), a New Zealand settler and MP who returned to Scotland and became MP for Orkney and Shetland, and Eugene Wason (1846–1927), a lawyer and Liberal MP. Peter Cathcart Wason was Eugene's grandchild.

Peter Cathcart Wason
Peter Cathcart Wason (22 April 1924 – 17 April 2003) was an English cognitive psychologist at University College, London, who pioneered the psychology of reasoning. He sought to explain why people consistently commit logical errors. He designed problems and tests to demonstrate these behaviours, such as the Wason selection task, the THOG problem and the 2-4-6 problem. He also coined the term "confirmation bias" to describe the tendency for people to immediately favor information that validates their preconceptions, hypotheses and personal beliefs regardless of whether they are true or not.
Genetic studies on Bosniaks
As with all modern European nations, a large degree of 'biological continuity' exists between Bosnians and Bosniaks and their ancient predecessors with Y chromosomal lineages testifying to predominantly Paleolithic European ancestry. Studies based on bi-allelic markers of the NRY (non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome) have shown the three main ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats) to share, in spite of some quantitative differences, a large fraction of the same ancient gene pool distinct for the region. Analysis of autosomal STRs have moreover revealed no significant difference between the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighbouring populations.

Haplogroup R1a
Haplogroup R1a (R-M420), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to Central Asia, Siberia and South Asia.

The R1a (R-M420) subclade diverged from R1 (R-M173) 15-25,000 years ago, its subclade M417 (R1a1a1) diversified c. 3,400-5,800 years ago. The place of origin of the subclade plays a role in the debate about the origins of Proto-Indo-Europeans.

The SNP mutation R-M420 was discovered after R-M17 (R1a1a), which resulted in a reorganization of the lineage in particular establishing a new paragroup (designated R-M420*) for the relatively rare lineages which are not in the R-SRY10831.2 (R1a1) branch leading to R-M17.
Dal Khalsa (organization)
Dal Khalsa is a radical Sikh organisation, based in the city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab. The outfit was formed in 1978 by Gajinder Singh, the leader of the hijackers of Indian Airlines Flight 423. It came to prominence during Insurgency in Punjab along with Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale in 1981. Members of the Dal Khalsa have also been accused of the assassination of journalist Lala Jagat Narain. The primary aim of Dal Khalsa is to form a Punjabi Sikh nation state called Khalistan.

Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (abbr. SGPC; lit. Supreme Gurdwara Management Committee) is an organization in India responsible for the management of gurdwaras, Sikh places of worship, in the states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and the union territory of Chandigarh. SGPC also administers Darbar Sahib in Amritsar.

The SGPC is governed by the president of SGPC. The SGPC manages the security, financial, facility maintenance and religious aspects of Gurdwaras as well as keeping archaeologically rare and sacred artifacts, including weapons, clothes, books and writings of the Sikh Gurus.

Bibi Jagir Kaur became the first woman to be elected president of the SGPC for the second time in September 2004. She had held the same post from March 1999 to November 2000.
Media Technology and Society
Media Technology and Society: A History from the Telegraph to the Internet is a 1998 book by Brian Winston. The book's central thesis is that technology, rather than developing in relatively discontinuous revolutions, evolves as part of a larger evolutionary pattern. It was named 'Best Book of 1998' by the American Association for History and Computing.

Brian Winston
Brian Norman Winston (7 November 1941 – 9 April 2022) was a British journalist who was the first holder of the Lincoln Professorship at the University of Lincoln, United Kingdom. He was a Pro Vice Chancellor for 2005–2006 and the former dean of Media and Humanities.
He was awarded an Emmy in 1985 for documentary script writing.
Michael Neale
Michael C. Neale (born 10 March 1958) is a British behavior geneticist and professor at the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics at Virginia Commonwealth University. He is known for his research in the field of psychiatric genetics, which aims to determine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. He is estimated to have mentored over 2,000 students in his field. He was president of the Behavior Genetics Association from 2009 to 2010.

Behavior Genetics Association
The Behavior Genetics Association (BGA) is a learned society established in 1970 that promotes research into the connections between heredity and behavior, both human and animal. Its members support education and training in behavior genetics and publish Behavior Genetics, a journal on the topic.
Richard Gbande
Richard Iorkyaan Gbande is a Nigerian politician who served as a member representing Katsina-Ala/Ukum/Logo Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives. Born in 1972, he hails from Benue State. He succeeded Memga Emmanuel and was elected in 2019 to the National Assembly under the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). He empowered his constituents with over 100 million naira worth of items to improve their livelihood. He was suspended from his party on grounds of insubordination.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
ARMS Charity Concerts
The ARMS Charity Concerts were a series of charitable rock concerts in support of Action into Research for Multiple Sclerosis in 1983. The first (and initially planned to be the only) event took place at the Royal Albert Hall on September 20, 1983, with subsequent dates occurring in the United States, with slightly different lineups of musicians.

Paul Rodgers
Paul Bernard Rodgers (born 17 December 1949) is an English singer. He was the lead vocalist of numerous successful rock bands, including Free, Bad Company, the Firm and the Law. He also has performed as a solo artist and collaborated with the remaining active members of Queen under the name Queen + Paul Rodgers, from 2004 to 2009. A poll in Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 55 on its list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". In 2011, Rodgers received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.

Rodgers has been cited as a significant influence on various rock singers. In 1991, John Mellencamp called Rodgers "the best rock singer ever". Freddie Mercury in particular liked Rodgers and his aggressive style. Rodgers holds joint citizenship, after becoming a Canadian citizen in 2011.

in 2025, Rodgers was inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Bad Company.
1987–88 Liga Artzit
The 1987–88 Liga Artzit season saw Hapoel Jerusalem win the title and promotion to Liga Leumit. Runners-up Hapoel Tiberias were also promoted.

At the other end of the table, Hakoah Ramat Gan and Hapoel Acre were relegated to Liga Alef.

Hapoel Jerusalem F.C.
Hapoel Jerusalem Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל ירושלים, Mo'adon Kaduregel Hapoel Yerushalayim) is an Israeli professional football club based in Jerusalem. It competes in the Israeli Premier League, the top flight of Israeli football. Founded in 1926, their home ground is the Teddy Stadium.
As a protest against the conduct of the club's owners since the 1990s, the Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem football club was established in 2007, the first football club in Israel owned by its fans. The club was named after Katamon Stadium, which was formerly used by Hapoel Jerusalem. The club existed in parallel with Hapoel Jerusalem for 12 years.

In 2019 Hapoel Jerusalem was disbanded and in August 2020, Hapoel Katamon acquired the rights to the name Hapoel Jerusalem and officially became Hapoel Jerusalem. Since then, the club is owned by its fans and is managed by a board of seven members.

The team's record achievement is winning the State Cup and third place in the First League in 1973.
Barbara Rinke
Barbara Rinke (born 8 January 1947) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party. She was born in Nordhausen, Thuringia, and was Bürgermeister of that city from 1994 to 2012.  From 2003 to 2009, she was the praeses of the synod of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD).

Praeses
Praeses (Latin pl. praesides) is a Latin word meaning "placed before" or "at the head". In antiquity, notably under the Roman Dominate, it was used to refer to Roman governors; it continues to see some use for various modern positions.