hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Placomaronea kaernefeltii
Placomaronea kaernefeltii is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Candelariaceae. Found in South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Martin Westberg, Patrik Frödén, and Mats Wedin. The type specimen was collected by the second author from Arica (Chile), between Socoroma and Putre, at an altitude of 3,750 m (12,300 ft), where it was found growing along cracks and pits on a siliceous boulder in a dry mountain slope. The lichen is only known to occur at its type locality, although the authors suggest a wider distribution is likely. The species epithet honours Swedish lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt.

Putre
Putre is a Chilean town and commune, capital of the Parinacota Province in the Arica-Parinacota Region. It is located 130 km (81 mi) east of Arica, at an altitude of 3,500 m (11,483 ft). The town is backdropped by Taapaca volcanic complex.

Putre is on the edge of the Lauca National Park, and is popular with visitors to the National Park wishing to acclimatise to the altitude.

There is a historical church in Putre.

The commune also includes the localities of  Socoroma, Tignamar, Belén, Chapiquiña, Pachama, Ancuta, Guallatiri, Parinacota, Chucuyo and Caquena.

On March 6, 2011, a 6.2 magnitude earthquake centered 110 km (68 mi) beneath Putre shook northern Chile and southern Peru, causing no injuries and only minor damage.
National Infrastructure Advisory Council
The National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC) is a United States government advisory council, which advises the President of the United States on the security of information systems in banking, finance, transportation, energy, manufacturing, and emergency government services. The George W. Bush Administration's executive order 13231 of October 16, 2001 created the NIAC, and its functioning was last extended until September 30, 2023 by executive order 14048 of the Biden Administration.

In August 2017, the NIAC gained national attention when 8 of the 28 members resigned. They believed that President Donald Trump had given "insufficient attention to the growing threats to the cybersecurity of the critical systems upon which all Americans depend."

Transportation in the United States
The vast majority of passenger travel in the United States occurs by automobile for shorter distances and airplane or railroad for longer distances. Most cargo in the U.S. is transported by, in descending order, railroad, truck, pipeline, or boat; air shipping is typically used only for perishables and premium express shipments. Transportation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States.
Anglo-Australian Joint Project
Anglo-Australian Joint Project was a military project in which the United Kingdom and Australia participated from 1946 to 1980. The project's highest profile activity was the Long Range Weapons Establishment at Woomera. The project was initiated under the Australian Prime Minister Ben Chifley. This participation by the Australian Ministry of Defence was a significant factor in the shaping of the Australian Defence Organisation.

Australian Defence Organisation
The Australian Defence Organisation (ADO), also known as Defence, is an Australian Government organisation that consists of the Australian Defence Force (ADF), the Department of Defence (DoD, also branded as Defence Australia), and other related organisations. Defence's mission and purpose is "to defend Australia and its national interests in order to advance Australia’s security and prosperity".
SA postcode area
The SA postcode area, also known as the Swansea postcode area, is a group of 51 postcode districts for post towns Aberaeron, Ammanford, Boncath, Burry Port, Cardigan, Carmarthen, Clynderwen, Crymych, Ferryside, Fishguard, Glogue, Goodwick, Haverfordwest, Kidwelly, Kilgetty, Lampeter, Llanarth, Llandeilo, Llandovery, Llandysul, Llanelli, Llanfyrnach, Llangadog, Llangrannog, Llansaint, Llanwrda, Llanybydder, Milford Haven, Narberth, Neath, New Quay, Newcastle Emlyn, Newport, Pembroke, Pembroke Dock, Pencader, Pontardawe, Port Talbot, Saundersfoot, Swansea, Tenby and Whitland forming south-west Wales.

Boncath
Boncath is a village, community and postal district in north Pembrokeshire, Wales, about 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Newcastle Emlyn.

The village stands at a cross-roads linking the nearby settlements of Newchapel (Capelnewydd), Eglwyswrw, Blaenffos and Bwlchygroes. Formerly a hamlet around an inn, the village developed after the coming of the railway in 1885.
Ordered logit
In statistics, the ordered logit model or proportional odds logistic regression is an ordinal regression model—that is, a regression model for ordinal dependent variables—first considered by Peter McCullagh.  For example, if one question on a survey is to be answered by a choice among "poor", "fair", "good", "very good" and "excellent", and the purpose of the analysis is to see how well that response can be predicted by the responses to other questions, some of which may be quantitative, then ordered logistic regression may be used.  It can be thought of as an extension of the logistic regression model that applies to dichotomous dependent variables, allowing for more than two (ordered) response categories.

Dichotomy
A dichotomy (/daɪˈkɒtəmi/) is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets). In other words, this couple of parts must be

jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the other, and

mutually exclusive: nothing can belong simultaneously to both parts.

If there is a concept A, and it is split into parts B and not-B, then the parts form a dichotomy: they are mutually exclusive, since no part of B is contained in not-B and vice versa, and they are jointly exhaustive, since they cover all of A, and together again give A.

Such a partition is also frequently called a bipartition. The two parts thus formed are complements. In logic, the partitions are opposites if there exists a proposition such that it holds over one and not the other. Treating continuous variables or multicategorical variables as binary variables is called dichotomization. The discretization error inherent in dichotomization is temporarily ignored for modeling purposes.
Simone Prouvé
Simone Prouvé (29 September 1931 – 20 September 2024) was a French textile artist, best known for her abstract weaved works for architecture or furniture with traditional materials and innovative materials such as stainless steel wire or fiberglass. Her works are exhibited at the Centre Pompidou.

Textile arts
Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.

Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization. The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same, there are many functions for textiles. Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house/shelter. The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.  Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean. The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.  The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology: the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion.
Slavnik
At 1,028 metres (3,373 ft) high, Slavnik is one of the highest peaks of the Slovenian Istria. It is part of the Čičarija landscape. Tuma Hut on Slavnik, named after the mountaineer Henrik Tuma, stands about 10 metres (33 ft) below its peak. At its peak stands a broadcast transmitter.

It is distinguished by very broad panoramic view. In the direction of north-east one can see in the distance Kamnik-Savinja Alps and closer Nanos, Vremščica, Brkini. Visible to the east are Javorniki, Trojica and Snežnik, and in the distance also Gorski Kotar, Risnjak, Snježnik. From the east to the south there is Kvarner bay, before that Planik and Učka and Čičarija, as well as Istria. Towards the west, the coast of the Adriatic sea and places like Umag, Piran, Koper, Trieste, also Venice, are visible from the peak. From the west to the north one case see Dolomites, Julian Alps including the highest mountain in Slovenia Triglav, as well as the Karawanks.

Broadcast transmitter
A broadcast transmitter is an electronic device that radiates radio waves modulated with information content intended to be received by the general public.  Examples are a radio broadcasting transmitter which transmits audio (sound) to broadcast radio receivers (radios) owned by the public, or a television transmitter, which transmits moving images (video) to television receivers (televisions). The term often includes the antenna which radiates the radio waves, and the building and facilities associated with the transmitter. A broadcasting station (radio station or television station) consists of a broadcast transmitter along with the production studio which originates the broadcasts. Broadcast transmitters must be licensed by governments, and are restricted to specific frequencies and power levels. Each transmitter is assigned a unique identifier consisting of a string of letters and numbers called a callsign, which must be used in all broadcasts.
Beethoven's compositional method
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) was a German composer in the transition between the classical and romantic period. He composed in many different genres including nine symphonies, five piano concertos, and a violin concerto. Beethoven's method of composition has long been debated among scholars. His sketches of composition drafts, and his written letters, provide contrasting evidence about his process of composition. However, many scholars agree that, for him, composition was a slow and laborious process. It is clear that his deafness impacted his compositional style, as evinced in certain changes in compositional method from early to late in his career.

Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No. 3 in E♭ major, Op. 55, titled as the Eroica Symphony, is a symphony in four movements by Ludwig van Beethoven.

One of Beethoven's most celebrated works, the Eroica symphony is a large-scale composition that marked the beginning of the composer's innovative "middle period".

Composed mainly in 1803–1804, the work broke boundaries in symphonic form, length, harmony, emotional and cultural content. It is widely considered a landmark in the transition between the Classical and the Romantic era. It is also often considered to be the first Romantic symphony. Beethoven first conducted a private performance on 9 June 1804, and later the first public performance on 7 April 1805.
TI (cuneiform)
Cuneiform TI or TÌL (Borger 2003 nr.; U+122FE 𒋾) has the main meaning of "life" when used ideographically. The written sign developed from the drawing of an arrow, since the words meaning "arrow" and "life" were pronounced similarly in the Sumerian language.

With the determinative UZU 𒍜 "flesh, meat", UZUTI, it means "rib". This homophony is exploited in the myth of Ninti (𒊩𒌆𒋾 NIN.TI "lady of life" or "lady of the rib"), created by Ninhursag to cure the ailing Enki. Since Eve is called "mother of life" in Genesis, together with her being taken from Adam's צלע tsela` "side, rib", the story of Adam and Eve has sometimes been considered to derive from that of Ninti.

In Akkadian orthography, the sign has the syllabic values di or ṭi, in Hittite ti, di or te.

Anson Rainey
Anson Frank Rainey (January 11, 1930 – February 19, 2011) was professor emeritus of ancient Near Eastern cultures and Semitic linguistics at Tel Aviv University. He is known in particular for contributions to the study of the Amarna tablets, the noted administrative letters from the period of Pharaoh Akhenaten's rule during the 18th Dynasty of Egypt.  He authored and edited books and articles on the cultures, languages and geography of the Biblical lands.
MANTIS Database
The MANTIS Database (Manual, Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System) is an index of English-language and selected other-language biomedical journal articles.  The database has a primary focus on chiropractic, osteopathic and manual medicine, although it includes citations and abstracts from all alternative medicine disciplines.  Each record within the MANTIS Database contains a complete citation, the language of the abstract, the language of the article, and the headings and subheadings which describe the article.  Approximately 70% of the references include abstracts.  The database is indexed using standard Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). This includes the use of headings, subheadings, and check tags.

MANTIS is available through the Web by ChiroACCESS, HealthIndex, Ovid Technologies and ProQuest (Dialog and DataStar).

Ovid Technologies
Ovid Technologies, Inc. (or just Ovid for short), part of the Wolters Kluwer group of companies, provides access to online bibliographic databases, academic journals, and other products, chiefly in the area of health sciences. The National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database was once its chief product but, as this is now freely available through PubMed, Ovid has diversified into a wide range of other databases and other products. Ovid has its global headquarters in New York City.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hopewell, Virginia
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hopewell, Virginia.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in the independent city of Hopewell, Virginia, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the city.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 6, 2026.

Independent city (United States)
In the United States, an independent city is a city that is not in the territory of any county or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as "county equivalents" and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name.

Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in Virginia, whose state constitution makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Baltimore is the most populous independent city in the United States.
President of Palestine
The president of the State of Palestine (Arabic: رئيس دولة فلسطين, romanized: Raʼīs Dawlat Filasṭīn) is the head of state of Palestine. Yasser Arafat became the first titular president of the State of Palestine in 1989, one year after the Palestinian Declaration of Independence. The title was originally titular, in parallel with the de facto title president of the Palestinian National Authority. Both functions were held by Arafat from 1994 and continued until his death in November 2004, and were continued by his successor Mahmoud Abbas. In January 2005, the Palestinian Central Council (PCC) asked Abbas to perform the duties of the president of the State of Palestine. In November 2008, the PCC approved the continuation of Abbas's function as president of the State of Palestine. Since 2013, the title president of the State of Palestine became the sole title of the Palestinian president.

Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization
The Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, officially the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, is the leader of the Executive Committee (EC) of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the executive body of the PLO, which was established in 1964. The Chairman represents the PLO and the Palestinian people before the international community, including the United Nations. The Chairman is chosen by the members of the PLO EC. Since 29 October 2004, Mahmoud Abbas has been the Chairman of the PLO EC.
Pelahatchie Creek
Pelahatchie Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi.
Pelahatchie is a name derived from the Choctaw language purported to mean "place where a hurricane passed along and blew down the timber". Variant names are "Pelahatchee Creek" and "Pelahatches Creek".

Choctaw language
The Choctaw language (Choctaw: Chahta), spoken by the Choctaw, an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, US, is a member of the Muskogean language family. Chickasaw is a separate but closely related language to Choctaw.

The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma published the New Choctaw dictionary in 2016.
Jacques Rodocanachi
Jacques Rodocanachi (14 April 1882 – 7 November 1925) was a French fencer. He competed in the individual épée event at the 1908 Summer Olympics. A French Army officer, he was also a pistol shooter. He was injured during World War I and left the Army after the war, to become a steel engraver.

Steel engraving
Steel engraving is a technique for printing illustrations on paper using steel printing plates instead of copper, the harder metal allowing a much longer print run before the image quality deteriorates. It has been rarely used in artistic printmaking, although it was much used for reproductions in the 19th century. Steel "engraving", in fact technically mostly using etching, was introduced in 1792 by Jacob Perkins (1766–1849), an American inventor, for banknote printing. When Perkins moved to London in 1818, the technique was adapted in 1820 by Charles Warren and especially by Charles Heath (1785–1848) for Thomas Campbell's Pleasures of Hope, which contained the first published plates engraved on steel. The new technique only partially replaced the other commercial line engraving techniques of that time such as wood engraving, copper engraving and later lithography.
Marko Gerbec
Marko Gerbec (24 October 1658 – 9 March 1718; Latinized: Marcus Gerbezius) was a Carniolan physician and scientist, notable as the founder of modern medicine among the Slovenes and for the first description of Adams–Stokes syndrome. It was published in 1717 and, 44 years after its publication, it was quoted by Giovanni Battista Morgagni.

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Haliotis spadicea
The blood-spotted abalone (Haliotis spadicea) is a species of edible sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Haliotidae, the abalone. This species is common on rocky shores on the coast of South Africa.

Rocky shore
A rocky shore is an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates. Rocky shores are biologically rich environments, and are a useful "natural laboratory" for studying intertidal ecology and other biological processes. Due to their high accessibility, they have been well studied for a long time and their species are well known.
WSHS (FM)
WSHS (91.7) is a student-run high school radio and public radio station operating on a non-commercial educational license in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Owned by the Sheboygan Area School District, the station's studio is located on the second floor of Sheboygan North High School on the city's north side, and its transmitter is located in the central courtyard of the North High building. An auxiliary studio is also located at Sheboygan South High School, though most programming originates out of North High. The station's signal covers most of Sheboygan and portions of Kohler and the towns of Mosel, Sheboygan and Wilson, and is also simulcast as the audio on public access station WSCS outside programming hours, which is carried on Spectrum and AT&T U-verse systems in Sheboygan, Fond du Lac and Washington Counties.

Sheboygan (town), Wisconsin
Sheboygan is a town in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, known as the Town of Sheboygan to differentiate from the county and city of Sheboygan. The population was 8,136 according to the 2020 Census. It is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. This separate municipality is located north and west of the city of Sheboygan, with varying boundaries along the city and village lines of Sheboygan and Kohler, including enclaves of homes connected to the town by inches-long lines of property.

The town of Sheboygan has at various times started to take action to acquire village status in order to fend off annexation attempts by the city, but efforts have been unsuccessful thus far.
Brewing methods
Beer is produced through steeping a sugar source (commonly Malted cereal grains) in water and then fermenting with yeast. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archeological evidence suggests that this technique was used in ancient Egypt. Descriptions of various beer recipes can be found in Sumerian writings, some of the oldest known writing of any sort. Brewing is done in a brewery by a brewer, and the brewing industry is part of most western economies. In 19th century Britain, technological discoveries and improvements such as Burtonisation and the Burton Union system significantly changed beer brewing.

The methods used to produce beer may be unique to a beer style, geographic region, or company.

History of Egypt
Egypt, one of the world's oldest civilizations, was unified around 3150 BC by King Narmer. It later came under Persian, Greek, Roman, and Islamic rule before joining the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Controlled by Britain in the late 19th century, it became a republic in 1953. After several political transitions, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi currently leads the country.
Spanish ship Lealtad
Three ships of the Spanish Navy have borne the name Lealtad, meaning Loyalty:

Spanish frigate Lealtad (1825), a 50-gun sailing frigate launched in 1825 and wrecked in 1834.

Spanish frigate Lealtad (1860), a Lealtad-class screw frigate in commission from 1861 to 1893 and sold for scrapping in 1897.

Spanish launch Lealtad, an armed launch of 1881–1888.

Steam frigate
Steam frigates (including screw frigates) and the smaller steam corvettes, steam sloops, steam gunboats and steam schooners were steam-powered warships that were not meant to stand in the line of battle. The first such ships were paddle steamers. Later on the invention of screw propulsion enabled construction of screw-powered versions of the traditional frigates, corvettes, sloops and gunboats.