hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durgavati Canal
Durgavati Canal also known as Kudra Wier Canal or Kudra Project Canal, is a canal located in Kaimur District in Bihar (India). During the British Raj, after Punjab and Agra and Uttarakhand, the government focused on the regions of Buxar, Gazipur and Kaimur, which grew the most crops in Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. The British and Indian governments built many canals in the 1870s-1950s to increase the irrigation of these regions, especially the parganas of Kamsar, Zamania, Sherpur, Ramgarh, Durgawati, Chainpur, Bhabua, Kudra, Kochas, Buxar and Chausa. In these regions mostly Kamsaar Raj and later Chainpur estate and Jagdishpur estate existed. These places also (excluding Buxar) made up the pargana of the Nawab of Ghazipur. These regions had 20 rivers, so irrigation was easy and many canals and tributaries were built to support and improve agriculture there.

Chausa
Chausa (also spelled as Chowsah) is a town and corresponding community development block in Buxar district, Bihar, India. It is located 11 km west of the district headquarters, Buxar, on the bank of the river Ganga. As of 2011, the population of the village of Chausa was 9,011, in 1,362 households, while the total block population was 103,670, in 15,817 households.

The area is famous as the site of the Battle of Chausa, in which the forces of Sher Shah Suri defeated Mughal emperor Humayun's army in 1539. It was also the site of discovery of the Chausa hoard, a set of 18 ancient Jain bronzes. According to the old records of Chausa we get to know that Chausa was established by Sakarwar Rajput of Kamsar region who adopted Islam in 1500ADs.
Modus Operandi (film)
Modus Operandi, directed by Frankie Latina, is an independent feature film shot in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Tokyo, Japan. Latina examines the exploitation film genre through a revenge tale about a desperate C.I.A. agent on a mission to find the man who murdered his wife.

The film stars Danny Trejo (Machete, Heat, Predators), Mark Borchardt (American Movie), Michael Sottile (Reservoir Dogs), and Randy Russell (American Job) as Agent Stanley Cashay.

Modus Operandi was produced by Frankie Latina Motion Pictures, Special Entertainment and Reign Supreme Entertainment, and was distributed on DVD, Video On Demand, Netflix, and Redbox by Kino on February 14, 2012.

Redbox
Redbox Automated Retail, LLC was an American video rental and streaming media company, based in Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois, west of Chicago. Redbox specialized in automated DVD rental kiosks, and operated transactional and ad-supported streaming video and television services. From 2022 until its liquidation, Redbox was a wholly owned subsidiary of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment.

Redbox kiosks, which rented and sold films on DVD and Blu-ray, were located at retail stores, including convenience stores, supermarkets, and pharmacies. At its peak in the early 2010s, the company operated kiosks at more than 34,000 locations, and controlled more than half of the US DVD rental market.

In June 2024, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy; the following month, the company's case was converted to Chapter 7 liquidation. As part of ongoing liquidation proceedings, Redbox's online streaming services and mobile app ceased functioning in July 2024.
Montserrat at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Montserrat was represented at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England, United Kingdom by the Montserrat Commonwealth Games Association.

In total, five athletes – all men – represented Montserrat in one sport: athletics.

Julius Morris served as the territory's flagbearer during the opening ceremony.

2022 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony
The opening ceremony for the 2022 Commonwealth Games took place on the evening of Thursday 28 July in the Alexander Stadium, Birmingham. As mandated by the Commonwealth Games Charter, the proceedings of the ceremony combined the formal opening of the sporting event (including hoisting of the flags, parade of the athletes and welcome speeches) with an artistic performance to showcase the host nation's culture. The 2022 Games were formally opened by Charles, Prince of Wales. The centrepiece of the ceremony was an eight-meter-tall animatronic bull, created by the London-based special effects company Artem. The bull, nicknamed 'Ozzy' after Birmingham-born rockstar Ozzy Osbourne is now on permanent display inside Birmingham New Street train station.
Wamanmarka, Chumbivilcas
Wamanmarka (Quechua waman falcon, marka village, also spelled Huamanmarca, Huamanmarka, Wamanmarca) is an archaeological site in Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Chumbivilcas Province, Santo Tomás District, at a height of about 3,600 metres (11,811 ft).

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Multiple-prism dispersion theory
The first description of multiple-prism arrays, and multiple-prism dispersion, was given by Isaac Newton in his book Opticks, also introducing prisms as beam expanders. Prism pair expanders were introduced by David Brewster in 1813. A modern mathematical description of the single-prism dispersion was given by Max Born and Emil Wolf in 1959.  The generalized multiple-prism dispersion theory was introduced by F. J. Duarte and Piper in 1982.

Emil Wolf
Emil Wolf (July 30, 1922 – June 2, 2018) was a Czech-born American physicist who made advancements in physical optics, including diffraction, coherence properties of optical fields, spectroscopy of partially coherent radiation, and the theory of direct scattering and inverse scattering. He was also the author of numerous other contributions to optics.
Jack Nelson (American football coach)
Jack "Jocko" Nelson (July 12, 1927 – November 19, 1978) was an American football coach.  He coached football at Utah State University (1955–1957), the University of Colorado (1958), the University of Michigan (1959–1965), Gustavus Adolphus College (1966–1970), and for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (1971–1978).

St. Peter, Minnesota
St. Peter is a city and the county seat of Nicollet County, Minnesota, United States. It is 10 miles north of the Mankato–North Mankato metropolitan area. The population was 12,066 at the 2020 census. It is home to Gustavus Adolphus College.

U.S. Highway 169 and Minnesota State Highways 22 and 99 are three of the city's main routes. St. Peter is known for being located on the scenic Minnesota River valley, being home to the St. Peter State Hospital Museum, the Traverse Des Sioux historic site and the St. Peter Armory. Also, St. Peter's sister city is Petatlán, Guerrero, Mexico.
2018 Bucharest Open – Doubles
Irina-Camelia Begu and Raluca Olaru were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Olaru played alongside Mihaela Buzărnescu, but lost in the semifinals to Danka Kovinić and Maryna Zanevska. Begu teamed up with Andreea Mitu and successfully defended the title, defeating Kovinić and Zanevska in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Mihaela Buzărnescu
Mihaela Buzărnescu (born 4 May 1988) is a Romanian tennis player.
She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 20, achieved on 6 August 2018. Her best doubles ranking of world No. 24, she reached on 22 October 2018. She won one singles title and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour.

Buzărnescu has a PhD in sports science from the National University of Physical Education and Sport.
Titanium disulfide
Titanium disulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiS2. A golden yellow solid with high electrical conductivity, it belongs to a group of compounds called transition metal dichalcogenides, which consist of the stoichiometry ME2.  TiS2 has been employed as a cathode material in rechargeable batteries.

Valence and conduction bands
In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states. On a graph of the electronic band structure of a semiconducting material, the valence band is located below the Fermi level, while the conduction band is located above it.

The distinction between the valence and conduction bands is meaningless in metals, because conduction occurs in one or more partially filled bands that take on the properties of both the valence and conduction bands.
Old Broadway Synagogue
Old Broadway Synagogue, officially Chevra Talmud Torah Anshei Marovi, is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located at 15 Old Broadway, in the Manhattanville neighborhood of Harlem, Manhattan, in New York City, New York, United States. The congregation practices in the Ashkenazi rite.

The congregation was incorporated in 1911 under the name Chevra Talmud Torah Anshei Marovi by Morris Schiff, a Polish immigrant who lived in the Harlem area, an area with a high Jewish population at the time. As of 2011, the congregation claimed to represent the diversity of the West Harlem community, including students from Columbia University, Barnard College, and the Jewish Theological Seminary.

Built in 1923, the synagogue building was listed  on the National Register of Historic Places in January 2002.

Nusach (Jewish custom)
In Judaism, a nusach or nusakh (Hebrew: נוסח, romanized: nusáḥ, Yiddish: נוסח, romanized: núsekh, pl. נוסחים nusaḥim, Yiddish: נוסחאות, romanized: nuskhóes) is the exact text of a Jewish prayer service, sometimes translated as "rite". Nusach may more accurately translate to "formulation" or "wording".

The texts of siddurim used by the array of Jewish ethnic divisions and religious movements include Baladi-rite prayer, nusach Ashkenaz, nusach Sefard, nusach edot haMizraḥ, Italian nusach, and nusach Ari.

A textual nusach is distinct from a musical nusach, the latter referring to a community's musical style or tradition, particularly the chanted melodies used for the Amidah and other recitative prayers.
Emilio Comici
Leonardo Emilio Comici (21 February 1901 – 19 October 1940) was an Italian mountain climber and caver. He made numerous ascents in the Eastern Alps, particularly in the Dolomites (where he made over 200 first ascents during his career) and in the Julian Alps. Comici was nicknamed the "Angel of the Dolomites".

In the 1930s and 1940s Comici and other climbers (including Riccardo Cassin, Raffaele Carlesso and Alvise Andrich) represented the Italian answer to the achievements of German climbers. Comici perfected the Bavarian technique of mountain climbing, and began the era of "sixth grade" climbing (at that time the highest climbing grade considered humanly surmountable). He was the inventor and proponent of using multi-step aid ladders, solid belays, the use of a trail/tag line, and hanging bivouacs, contributing greatly to the techniques of big wall climbing.

Julian Alps
The Julian Alps (Slovene: Julijske Alpe, Italian: Alpi Giulie, Venetian: Alpe Jułie, Friulian: Alps Juliis, German: Julische Alpen) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretches from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav, the highest peak in Slovenia. A large part of the Julian Alps is included in Triglav National Park. The second highest peak of the range, the 2,755 m high Jôf di Montasio, lies in Italy.

The Julian Alps cover an estimated 4,400 km2 (of which 1,542 km2 lies in Italy). They are located between the Sava Valley and Canale Valley. They are divided into the Eastern and Western Julian Alps.
Arluzea
Arluzea (Spanish: Arlucea) is a hamlet and concejo in the municipality of Bernedo, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. It was an independent municipality until 1961, when it was merged with Markinez to form Arlucea-Marquínez. In turn, this municipality was merged into Bernedo in 1976.

Concejo (Álava)
The concejos (Basque: kontzejuak, Spanish: concejos) are a type of sub-municipal administrative unit in the province of Álava, Basque Country, Spain.

Within the Spanish legal framework, the general name for such sub-municipal units is minor local entity (formally in Spanish: entidad de ámbito territorial inferior al municipio, lit. 'entity of sub-municipal territorial scope' also known by their acronym EATIMs).

The existence of concejos in Álava is documented since the 13th century. Their current status dates from 1984, when a law providing for elections to the concejos was passed; and from 1995, when their juridical status was clarified.
Di Donna Galleries
Di Donna Galleries is an American art gallery in New York City. It specializes in Modern and Surrealist art.

The gallery was initially located on the second floor of The Carlyle Hotel at 981 Madison Avenue, New York City, the former home of Ursus Books. In May 2016, the gallery moved a few blocks south to a new 6,000 square foot space at 744 Madison Avenue at East 64th Street.

The gallery was founded in November 2010 and was formerly known as Blain Di Donna. A  number of monographic, museum-quality exhibitions were staged there such as René Magritte, Dangerous Liaisons (2011); André Masson, The Mythology of Desire: Masterworks from 1925 to 1945 (2012); Jean Arp: A Collection of Wood Reliefs and Collages (2012), Paul Delvaux (2013), in collaboration with the Paul Delvaux Foundation.

Paul Delvaux
Paul Delvaux (French: [dɛlvo]; 23 September 1897 – 20 July 1994) was a Belgian painter noted for his dream-like scenes of women, classical architecture, trains and train stations, and skeletons, often in combination. He is often considered a surrealist, although he only briefly identified with the surrealist movement. He was influenced by the works of Giorgio de Chirico and René Magritte, but developed his own fantastical subjects and hyper-realistic styling, combining the detailed classical beauty of academic painting with the bizarre juxtapositions of surrealism.

Throughout his long career, Delvaux explored "Nude and skeleton, the clothed and the unclothed, male and female, desire and horror, eroticism and death – Delvaux's major anxieties in fact, and the greater themes of his later work [...]".
Listed buildings in Upton-by-Chester
Upton-by-Chester is a civil parish in Cheshire West and Chester, England. It contains eight buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are listed at Grade II.  This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  Part of the parish is a suburb of the city of Chester. It also contains the Countess of Chester Hospital, and part of Chester Zoo. The listed buildings consist of two structures associated with the hospital, a former country house now located within the zoo, a church, a former windmill, a cottage, a war memorial, and a boundary stone.

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 local government changes, by virtue of an order under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007. It superseded the boroughs of Ellesmere Port and Neston, Vale Royal and the City of Chester. The remainder of the ceremonial county of Cheshire is composed of Cheshire East, Halton and Warrington. Cheshire West and Chester has three key urban areas: Chester, Ellesmere Port and Northwich/Winsford.

The decision to create the Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority was announced on 25 July 2007 following a consultation period, in which a proposal to create a single Cheshire unitary authority was rejected.
Institut Ramon Llull
The Institut Ramon Llull (English: Ramon Llull Institute) is a consortium consisting of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Government), the Govern de les Illes Balears (Government of the Balearic Islands) and the Ajuntament de Barcelona (Barcelona City Council). Its purpose is to project and disseminate abroad Catalan language and culture in all of its forms of expression. To do this, the Institut Ramon Llull provides support for external relations in the cultural ambit of its member organisations.

Venice Biennale of Architecture
The Venice Biennale of Architecture (Italian: Mostra di Architettura di Venezia) is an international exhibition showcasing architectural works from around the world, held in Venice, Italy, every other year.

Originally held in even-numbered years until 2018, the event was postponed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rescheduled for 2021, shifting the calendar to odd-numbered years. It forms the architecture section of the broader Venice Biennale and was officially established in 1980, although architecture had been included in the Venice Art Biennale since 1968.

The Biennale is divided into two main sections: the permanent national pavilions located in the Giardini della Biennale, and the Arsenale, which hosts projects from numerous countries under one roof.
Golgo 13 (film)
Golgo 13 (Japanese: ゴルゴ13, romanized: Gorugo Sātīn; Persian: گلگو ۱۳, romanized: Golgo Sizdah) is a 1973 Japanese–Iranian action film directed by Junya Sato, starring Ken Takakura as the international hitman Golgo 13. It is the first live-action movie based on the Japanese manga series Golgo 13. It was filmed almost entirely in the Imperial State of Iran, with an almost entirely Persian supporting cast. It was followed by the film Golgo 13: Assignment Kowloon (1977), starring Sonny Chiba.

Shingo Kanemoto
Shingo Kanemoto (兼本 新吾, Kanemoto Shingo; October 12, 1932 – February 24, 1991) was a Japanese actor and voice actor originally from Fukuoka Prefecture. On February 24, 1991, he died of intra-axial hematoma at the age of 58. After his death, his ongoing roles went to Takeshi Watabe.
Arròs a banda
Arròs a banda (Catalan "rice on the side"; Spanish arroz a banda) is a dish of rice cooked in fish stock, typical of the coastal area of Alicante (and, per extension, most of the Valencian Community) in Spain and distinct from the paella of Valencia. It is popular as far as Garraf in the province of Barcelona (Catalonia) and down to Murcia (Region of Murcia).

It originated with the fishermen of Alicante, who sold off their best fish and kept the leftovers for stock, in which rice was cooked. It is usually served with alioli.

Province of Barcelona
Barcelona (Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə] ⓘ; Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a province in northeastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. The area of the province is 7,726.37 km2 (2,983.17 sq mi), and the population is 5,877,672, of which 28.7% is in the city of Barcelona itself, which itself is contained in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is both the 2nd most populous and 2nd most densely populated province in the country.
Hodan
Hodan (Somali: Hodan) is a name of Somali origin. It is a common given name for girls and women in Somalia and among the Somali diaspora. The name "Hodan" in Somali is often associated with the meaning "paradise" or "heaven." It carries positive connotations, symbolizing beauty and serenity. Names in Somali culture often have significant meanings, and "Hodan" reflects positive and aspirational qualities.

Girl
A girl is a young female human, usually a child or an adolescent.  While the term girl has other meanings, including young woman, daughter or girlfriend regardless of age, the first meaning is the most common one.

The treatment and status of girls in any society is usually closely related to the status of women in that culture.  In cultures where women have or had a low social position, girls may be unwanted by their parents, and society may invest less in girls.  The difference in girls' and boys' upbringing ranges from slight to completely different.  Mixing of the sexes may vary by age, and from totally mixed to total sex segregation.
SS Adriatic (1856)
Adriatic was a wooden-hulled, side-wheel steamship launched in New York in 1856.  She was conceived as the largest, fastest, most luxurious trans-Atlantic passenger liner of her day, the pride of the Collins Line.  At the time of her launch she was the largest ship in the world.

She made only one roundtrip for the Collins Line before that firm failed, partly because of Adriatic's high cost.  She made five more roundtrips as a luxury liner, before she was sold to an English firm which reconfigured her to carry hundreds of Irish immigrants to America.  In all, the ship made only twelve trans-Atlantic roundtrips, so while she may have been a triumph of American shipbuilding, none of her owners were successful.  She ended her days as a hulk at the mouth of the Niger River as a floating coal depot to fuel ships better adapted to the commercial realities of the day.  She was abandoned there in 1885.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Consumers' Association of Ireland
The Consumers' Association of Ireland Ltd. (CAI) was set up in 1966 to protect and educate consumers. Its first chair was Maude Rooney, who was also instrumental in the establishment of the Association.

Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities.  The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Gandolfino d'Asti
Gandolfino d'Asti (before 1493 – after 1518) was an Italian painter, who was active in Piedmont during the early Renaissance. He worked between Asti, Alessandria and Montferrat.

He was born at Asti and apprenticed under his father, Giovanni da Roreto, but no works are known from that period. His first documented work is an Assumption with Saints now at the Galleria Sabauda, Turin (1493). His style was influenced by that of Ligurian and Provençal artists, such as  Ludovico Brea. Later, he was also influenced by Milanese painters such as Bergognone and Bernardino Zenale.

Works by his workshop in Asti include the Pelletta Polyptych in the Cathedral, and Adoration of the Magi in the Collegiata of San Secondo and Madonna Enthroned with Saints in the church of Santa Maria Nuova. Outside his native city, he painted works such as the St. Peter's Polyptych in Savigliano and a Holy Parents in the Turin City Museum of Ancient Art. (c. 1503).

Borgognone
Borgognone or Bergognone is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ambrogio Bergognone (1470–1523), Italian painter

Bernardino Bergognone (1455/60–1525), Italian painter

Dirk Borgognone (born 1968), former National Football League placekicker

Guillaume Courtois (1628–1679), French painter active in Italy

Jacques Courtois (1621–c.1676), French painter active in Italy