hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)
The Battle of Saint Gotthard was fought on 13 December 1705 between a Hungarian (Kuruc) army led by János Bottyán and an Austrian-Croatian-Serbian combined army under the command of Hannibal Heister. The battle took place at Szentgotthárd (West-Hungary, County Vas) and Nagyfalva (Mogersdorf) (today Austria), near the Austro-Hungarian border. The result of the battle was a Hungarian victory.

On 2 November 1705 János Bottyán started the Hungarian campaign in Transdanubia. Before that he had only 8,000 soldiers at Kecskemét but this number later increased to 30,000 men.

On 10 December Kőszeg capitulated and Bottyán moved to Szentgotthárd, where Heister was. Between Mogersdorf and Szentgotthárd, the Kuruc Army  attacked the Austrians (the Habsburg army also contained several Croatian and Serbian units).

After being defeated in the battle, Heister retreated to Stadtschlaining (Szalonak), and Transdanubia was liberated.

Stadtschlaining
Stadtschlaining (Hungarian: Városszalónak, Város-Szalónak) is a town in the district of Oberwart in the Austrian state of Burgenland. The Burg Schlaining, built by Henry I Kőszegi, is located there, which hosts the Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution (ASPR) and the Peace Museum.
Topic sentence
In expository writing, a topic sentence is a sentence that summarizes the main idea of a paragraph. It is usually the first sentence in a paragraph.

A topic sentence should encapsulate or organize an entire paragraph. Although topic sentences may appear anywhere in a paragraph, in academic essays they often appear at the beginning. The topic sentence acts as a kind of summary, and offers the reader an insightful view of the paragraph's main ideas. More than being a mere summary of a paragraph, however, a topic sentence often provides a claim or an insight directly or indirectly related to the thesis. It adds cohesion to an academic text and helps organize ideas not only within the paragraph but also the piece of writing as a whole. As the topic sentence encapsulates the idea of the paragraph, serving as a sub-thesis, it remains general enough to cover the support given in the body paragraph while being more direct than the thesis of the paper.

Modes of discourse
The modes of discourse, sometimes known as rhetorical modes, are a broad classification of the major kinds of formal and academic writing (including speech-writing) by their purpose. Traditionally, this refers to these four modes—exposition, narration, description, and argumentation—as first classified by Samuel P. Newman in A Practical System of Rhetoric in 1827. Newman's modes of discourse have long influenced US writing instruction and particularly the design of mass-market writing assessments, despite critiques of the explanatory power of these classifications for non-school writing. Other scholars have devised alternative ways for categorizing writings by purpose.
Instrument myopia
Instrument myopia is the tendency of a person with normal eyes to focus them too close when looking into an optical instrument at its image. Optical instruments include viewfinders, telescopes, binoculars, and microscopes. For example, through a microscope, a person might focus the eyes to one meter distance although it can present an image at six meters distance.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Ralph Covert
Ralph Covert is an American musician, singer, songwriter, performer, producer, playwright, actor, educator, and record company executive. He is the lead singer of children's music group Ralph's World and lead singer of the Chicago based indie-rock band The Bad Examples. Ralph's World was nominated for Best Musical Album for Children at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards.

Among his many songs, he has a writing credit for the song "Not Dead Yet", featured on the Styx album Edge of the Century, released in 1990.

Along with G. Riley Mills, he wrote Sawdust And Spangles and Streeterville, both earning Joseph Jefferson Awards for Best New Work. The pair also collaborated on The Flower Thieves and A Nutcracker Christmas.

He has also worked as a record producer. His production credits include Framing Caroline by Los Angeles based singer-songwriter Kat Parsons, released in 1999.

48th Annual Grammy Awards
The 48th Annual Grammy Awards took place on February 8, 2006, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California honoring the best in music for the recording year beginning from October 1, 2004, through September 30, 2005. Irish rock band U2 were the main recipients with five awards including Album of the Year. Mariah Carey, John Legend, and Kanye West were each nominated for eight awards and won three; Alison Krauss & Union Station also won three awards; and Kelly Clarkson won two. Green Day were amongst the big winners, winning the Grammy Award for Record of the Year.
Ericameria palmeri
Ericameria palmeri, or Palmer's goldenbush, is a North American species of flowering shrubs in the family Asteraceae. It is native to southern California in the United States and to the state of Baja California in Mexico.

Ericameria palmeri is a branching shrub sometimes as much as 400 cm (over 13 feet) tall. Leaves are linear to narrowly oblanceolate. One plant can produce many small, yellow flower heads, each containing 2–8 ray florets and 6–20 disc florets.

Varieties

Ericameria palmeri var. pachylepis (H.M.Hall) G.L.Nesom - California from northern San Diego County north to Kern and San Luis Obispo Counties

Ericameria palmeri var. palmeri - northern Baja California; California (San Diego Co, Orange Co, western Riverside Co, southwestern San Bernardino Co; isolated populations north of Calabasas in Los Angeles Co and southeast of Lake Isabella in Kern Co)

Calabasas, California
Calabasas (/ˌkæləˈbæsəs/ ⓘ, CAL-ə-BASS-əs; corruption of calabazas, Spanish for "squashes") is a city in the southwestern region of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Situated between the foothills of the Santa Monica and Santa Susana mountains, 29.9 miles (48.1 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles, Calabasas has a population of 22,491 (as of July 1, 2022).
The Woman He Loved
The Woman He Loved is a 1988 British HTV made-for-television romantic drama film for ITV about the abdication of Edward VIII. Directed by Charles Jarrott, it stars Anthony Andrews, Jane Seymour and Olivia de Havilland. Jane Seymour was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film at the 46th Golden Globe Awards  and Julie Harris was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie. Costume designer Robin Fraser-Paye was also nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special.
It was partly shot at Shirenewton Hall in Monmouthshire. This was Olivia de Havilland's final acting role, before her death in 2020.

Charles Jarrott
Charles Borlase Jarrott (16 June 1927 – 4 March 2011) was a British film and television director, best known for costume dramas he directed for producer Hal B. Wallis, among them Anne of the Thousand Days.
2010 Kerry Senior Hurling Championship
The 2010 Kerry Senior Hurling Championship was the 109th staging of the Kerry Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The draw for the opening round fixtures was made on 10 July 2010. The championship ran from 23 July to 10 October 2010.

Kilmoyley entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Lixnaw in the semi-finals.

The final was played on 10 October 2010 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Ballyduff and Lixnaw, in what was their fifth meeting in the final overall and a first final meeting in 16 years. Ballyduff won the match by 2–18 to 2–09 to claim a record-equalling 22nd championship title overall and a first title in four years.

Lixnaw's James Flaherty was the championship's top scorer with 2-38.

Tralee
Tralee (/trəˈliː/ trə-LEE; Irish: Trá Lí, pronounced [t̪ˠɾˠaː(j) ˈl̠ʲiː]; formerly Tráigh Lí, meaning 'strand [of the River] Lee') is the county town of County Kerry in the south-west of Ireland. The town is on the northern side of the neck of the Dingle Peninsula, and is the largest town in County Kerry. The town's population was 26,079 as of the 2022 census, making it the 15th largest urban settlement in Ireland. Tralee is known for the Rose of Tralee International Festival, which has been held annually in August since 1959.
Rekids
Rekids is a UK-based independent record label, conceived in 2006 by Matt Edwards (aka Radio Slave) and James Masters. The label releases mainly electronic dance music, incorporating elements of techno, house and disco. The label has a number of core artists, among which includes Nina Kraviz.  Rekids has released a plethora of original work and remixes from various artists including Carl Craig, DJ Sneak, Kenny Larkin, Claude VonStroke, Josh Wink, Steve Lawler, Slam and Dubfire.

DJ Sneak
Carlos Sosa (born November 5, 1969), known as DJ Sneak, is a Puerto Rican-born American DJ and record producer raised in Chicago, Illinois, United States. He is noted as being one of the second wave of Chicago house producers, (alongside Derrick Carter, Cajmere/Green Velvet, Gemini, James Curd and Paul Johnson) as well as a member of the vanguard of late-1990s United States house producers.
Matatu (journal)
Matatu: Journal for African Literary and Cultural Studies is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Brill Publishers. It focusses on African literary and cultural studies. The journal's name derives from the East African public transport vehicle "Matatu".

The editors-in-chief are Tanaka Chidora (University of Malawi), Pauline Mateveke Kazembe (University of Zimbabwe), Magdalena Pfalzgraf (University of Bonn), Aderemi Raji-Oyelade (University of Ibadan), Frank Schulze–Engler (Goethe University Frankfurt), and Alex Nelungo Wanjala (University of Nairobi).

University of Nairobi
The University of Nairobi (uonbi or UoN; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi) is a collegiate research university based in Nairobi and is the largest university in Kenya. Although its history as an educational institution dates back to 1956, it did not become an independent university until 1970. During that year, the University of East Africa was split into three independent universities: the Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, and the University of Nairobi in Kenya.

During the 2023 academic year, the university had 49,047 students, of whom 35,897 were undergraduates and 11,003 were postgraduates. The university launched several policy frameworks and introduced self-funded enrollment (also called 'module 2') to cope with the rising demand for higher education in Kenya.
Tenafly Public Schools
The Tenafly Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Tenafly, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,465 students and 291.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.9:1.

The district had been classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

Students from Alpine attend Tenafly High School as part of a sending/receiving relationship.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Supatá
Supatá is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Gualivá Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. Supatá is located 76 kilometres (47 mi) north of the Colombian capital Bogotá. Supatá borders the municipalities Pacho, Vergara, Subachoque, La Vega and San Francisco.

Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
Hess Cycling Team
Hess Cycling Team was a professional women's cycling team that competed at the UCI Women's Continental level. The team was active from 2023 to 2025 and was owned by Swiss businessman Rolf Hess. Originally licensed in Luxembourg, the team later moved to a British license.

Israeli National Time Trial Championships
The Israeli National Time Trial Championships are held annually to decide the cycling champions in the individual time trial discipline, across various categories. The winners of each event are awarded a symbolic cycling jersey, just like the national flag, these colours can be worn by the rider at other road racing events in the country to show their status as national champion. The champion's stripes can be combined into a sponsored rider's team kit design for this purpose.
Saint-Martin-du-Vivier station
The Gare de Saint-Martin-du-Vivier (Saint-Martin-du-Vivier station) is a railway station located in the commune of Saint-Martin-du-Vivier in the Seine-Maritime department, France.  It was served by TER Normandie and TER Hauts-de-France trains from Amiens to Rouen until summer 2019.

Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ⓘ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
2015 Misano Superbike World Championship round
The 2015 Misano Superbike World Championship round was the eighth round of the 2015 Superbike World Championship and also the 2015 Supersport World Championship. It took place over the weekend of 19–21 June 2015 at the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli located in Misano Adriatico, Italy. This race saw a returned for two times WSBK champion Max Biaggi since retiring at the end of the 2012 Magny-Cours Superbike World Championship round where he won his second and last title.

2015 Supersport World Championship
The 2015 Supersport World Championship was the seventeenth season of the Supersport World Championship—the nineteenth taking into account the two held under the name of Supersport World Series. Kenan Sofuoğlu claimed the title for the fourth time in the championship's history with one race to spare.
Science Inc.
Science Inc. is a Los Angeles–based startup studio that invests and offers expertise in corporations, in an attempt to bring them to profitability. In 2011, Michael Jones founded the organization and is the current chief executive officer. Jones spent time serving with the company's chief executive officers and investors on strategy, growth, and business development.

Profitability analysis
In cost accounting, profitability analysis is an analysis of the profitability of an organisation's output. Output of an organisation can be grouped into products, customers, locations, channels and/or transactions.
Razia Bhatti
Razia Bhatti (Urdu: رضیہ بھٹی) (born 1944 – died 12 March 1996) was a Pakistani journalist who served as editor of the Herald and Newsline magazines.

When she died at the age of 52, the Pakistan Press Foundation called it "end of a golden chapter of journalism in Pakistan." Bhatti founded staff-owned Newsline magazine with the help of other female journalists after leaving Herald magazine.

She was the editor of Pakistani magazine Herald for 12 years and then she founded Newsline and edited it for 8 years. In 1994, Bhatti received the “Courage in Journalism” award from the New York-based International Women's Media Foundation.

Pakistan Press Foundation
The Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF) was established in 1967 as a non-profit organisation by the news agency Pakistan Press International and operated until 1974, when it had to suspend operations due to the political environment then prevailing in the country. It was reactivated in 1992 and has since been involved in assisting in the development of independent media in Pakistan by conducting training programmes for journalists, carrying out projects in research and documentation, and campaigning to defend and promote freedom of the press.
Wabbaseka, Arkansas
Wabbaseka is a town in Dunnington Township, Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Wabbaseka had a population of 180. It is included in the Pine Bluff, Arkansas Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Pine Bluff is a city in Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 41,253 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Arkansas.

Pine Bluff is situated in the southeast section of the Arkansas Delta and straddles the Arkansas Timberlands region to its west. Its topography is flat with wide expanses of farmland, similar to other places in the Delta Lowlands. Pine Bluff has numerous creeks, streams, and bayous, including Bayou Bartholomew, the longest bayou in the world and the second most ecologically diverse stream in the United States. Large bodies of water include Lake Pine Bluff, Lake Langhofer (Slack Water Harbor), and the Arkansas River.
Rois-bheinn
Rois-bheinn is the joint highest hill in the Scottish region of Moidart, a title it shares with its neighbour Beinn Odhar Bheag, whose summit has the same elevation.

The mountain may be climbed by its west ridge from the small village of Roshven (a settlement that takes its name from a roughly phonetic spelling of Rois-bheinn's name), or from Inverailort to the north.

The Moidart peninsula is separated from the lands to its north by the deep pass of Loch Eilt, making Rois-bheinn one of the more prominent hills in the British Isles.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
John Sherwood (author)
John Sherwood (1913 – 2002) was an author of fiction. He wrote the cozy Celia Grant Horticultural mystery series, amongst others. Two of his novels, Undiplomatic Exit (1958) and Death at the BBC (1983) were finalists for the Gold Dagger award.

Cozy mystery
Cozy mysteries (or cosy mysteries) are a sub-genre of crime fiction in which sex and violence occur offstage, the detective is an amateur sleuth, and the crime and detection take place in a small, socially intimate community. Cozy mysteries thus stand in contrast to hardboiled fiction, in which more violence and explicit sexuality are central to the plot. The term "cozy" was used to describe works in this genre by the 1960s, though it only gained widespread recognition in the late 20th century, when various writers produced work in an attempt to recreate the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.
2007 Novilon Internationale Damesronde van Drenthe
The 2007 Novilon Internationale Damesronde van Drenthe (2007 Novilon international women's tour of Drenthe) was the 9th running of the Damesronde van Drenthe, a women's bicycle race in Drenthe, Netherlands. It was held on 15 April 2007 over a distance of 138.5 kilometres (86.1 miles). It was rated by the UCI as a 1.1 category race.

Ronde van Drenthe
Ronde van Drenthe (English: Tour of Drenthe) was an elite men's and women's professional road bicycle racing event held annually in the Drenthe, Netherlands and sanctioned by the Royal Dutch Cycling Union. The women's event was part of the UCI Women's World Tour, and the men's event was part of the UCI Europe Tour.

In 2024, organisers announced that the race had been cancelled, owing to increasing costs, regulations and lack of support from the police.
Karlheinz Deschner
Karl Heinrich Leopold Deschner (23 May 1924 – 8 April 2014) was a German researcher and writer who achieved public attention in Europe for his trenchant and fiercely critical treatment of Christianity in general and the Catholic Church in particular, as expressed in several articles and books, culminating in his 10 volume Christianity's Criminal History (Kriminalgeschichte des Christentums, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek).

Rowohlt Verlag
Rowohlt Verlag is a German publishing house based in Hamburg, with offices in Reinbek and Berlin. It has been part of the Georg von Holtzbrinck Group since 1982. The company has been dissolved and restarted twice since its creation in 1908.
Allison Grodner
Allison Grodner is an American director, producer and writer, who has worked in documentary and reality-based programming. She is best known for her work on the American version of the reality TV show Big Brother. She is an executive producer of Big Brother and Big Brother: After Dark. Grodner is also executive producer of She's Got the Look on TV Land, You're Cut Off! on VH1,  reality series Plain Jane and Remodeled on The CW, and Battle of the Ex Besties on Oxygen.

Grodner won Emmy Awards in 1999 and 2001 for Outstanding Children's Program for The Teen Files, shared with Arnold Shapiro.

In 2009, Grodner was a founding partner of Fly on the Wall Entertainment, the production company for Big Brother, Celebrity Big Brother, Flip or Flop Atlanta, and Million Dollar Mile.

Flip or Flop Atlanta
Flip or Flop Atlanta is a television series that originally aired on HGTV hosted by real estate agents Ken and Anita Corsini. It is a spin-off of the HGTV series Flip or Flop. It premiered on July 20, 2017 and was filmed in the Atlanta, Georgia area. On August 21, 2017, HGTV announced Flip or Flop Atlanta would be renewed for a second season, with 14 episodes, which premiered on September 13, 2018. On August 16, 2019, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported the show was canceled.