hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Both/and reasoning
Both/and is an academic concept which refers to a form of reasoning which resists binary or either/or styles of thinking.

Unlike dualistic styles of reasoning, both/and means that between two options, both can be valid, or that their opposition may present opportunities for dialectical synthesis, rather than a complete rejection of one of the premises in favor of the other.

Both/and is associated with dialectical thinking, which means investigating contradictions in order to attain higher understanding. However, it also appears in broader systems of thought, such as the concept of nondualism, in which the distinction between self and other is transcended.

The term has been used in a texts on management, literary theory, classroom research, religious studies, methodology, and international relations.

Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy, often witnessed within Western canon along with some postmodernist theory.
2006 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 2006 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 112th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. The championship began on 24 September 2006 and ended on 5 November 2006.

James Stephens were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by O'Loughlin Gaels at the semi-final stage.

On 5 November 2006, Ballyhale Shamrcks won the title after a 1–22 to 2–11 defeat of O'Loughlin Gaels in the final at Nowlan Park. It was their 10th championship title overall and their first title since 1991.

Nowlan Park
Nowlan Park (/ˈnoʊlən/; Páirc Uí Nualláin), known for sponsorship reasons as UPMC Nowlan Park, is the principal Gaelic Athletic Association stadium in Kilkenny, Ireland. Named after James Nowlan, the longest serving President of the GAA, the stadium hosts major hurling matches and is home to the Kilkenny hurling team. It opened in 1927, replacing St. James Park.
Clemente Núñez
Clemente Núñez Beltre (born February 10, 1975, in Bonao, Dominican Republic) is a former professional baseball pitcher who was the first player ever signed by the Florida Marlins. He was signed at the age of 16 out of the Dominican Republic on December 16, 1991.

Sporting an 88-mile-an-hour fastball when he was first signed, Núñez got as far as AA before calling his baseball career quits in 1996. This right-hander, standing at 5'11" and weighing 165 pounds, never quite lived up to what he was supposed to be - in his final season, for example, he went 2–7 with a 5.47 ERA, giving up 119 hits in 97 innings of work with the Portland Sea Dogs. Perhaps the highlight of his career was a no-hitter he threw on May 28, 1995, against the West Palm Beach Expos. After pitching for the independent Tyler Wildcatters in 1997, he was out of professional baseball.

Bonao
Bonao is a city in the Cibao region of Dominican Republic. It is the capital of the  Monseñor Nouel province. The city is located in the center of the country, to the northwest of the national capital Santo Domingo.

The city is known as "Villa de las Hortensias" - the town of hydrangeas. The Hortensia is the local flower of Bonao.
2003 CHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 2003 CHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 4th tournament in conference history and was played between March 14 and March 16, 2003 at Tri-City Arena in Kearney, Nebraska. By winning the tournament, Wayne State received College Hockey America's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

College Hockey America
College Hockey America (CHA) was a college ice hockey conference in the United States. It participated in the NCAA's Division I as a hockey-only conference. The conference's final membership featured six women's teams, with three in Pennsylvania; two in New York, and one in Missouri.

On April 30, 2024, CHA merged with the Atlantic Hockey Association to form Atlantic Hockey America in 2024–25.
Ruth Dyer
Ruth A. Dyer is a retired American engineer and academic administrator, formerly the senior vice provost for academic affairs and senior vice president of Kansas State University. Her publications have included works on the use of Hadamard transforms in spectrometry, and on the mentorship of women in engineering.

Women in engineering
Women are often under-represented in the academic and professional fields of engineering; however, many women have contributed to the diverse fields of engineering historically and currently. A number of organizations and programs have been created to understand and overcome this tradition of gender disparity. Some have decried this gender gap, saying that it indicates the absence of potential talent. Though the gender gap as a whole is narrowing, there is still a growing gap with minority women compared to their white counterparts. Gender stereotypes, low rates of female engineering students, and engineering culture are factors that contribute to the current situation where men dominate in fields relating to engineering sciences.
2012 Pan American Thomas & Uber Cup Preliminaries
The 2012 Pan American Thomas & Uber Cup Preliminaries was a continental badminton tournament held to determine the teams qualified for the 2012 Thomas & Uber Cup in Pan America. The event was held in El Monte, United States from 17 to 19 February 2012.

El Monte, California
El Monte is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city lies in the San Gabriel Valley, east of the city of Los Angeles.

El Monte's slogan is "Welcome to Friendly El Monte" and is historically known as "The End of the Santa Fe Trail". As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 109,450, down from 113,475 at the 2010 census. As of 2020, El Monte was the 66th-most populous city in California.
Diplomacy in the ancient northern Black Sea
The  Greek colonization of the Crimea and its surrounding lands began after the 7th century BCE. Due to the geographic distance from their homeland and the presence of hostile neighbours, the Greek city states must rely on one another and maintain amicable relationships with the indigenous peoples to survive.

Greek activity in the northern Black Sea is not well documented. While there were Athenian accounts elaborating the history of the territory, they were often scarce and unreliable. As a result, scholars mostly rely on archaeological findings to interpret the relationships between the Greeks and indigenous peoples.

Greek Crimea
Greek Crimea concerns the ancient Greek settlements on the Crimean Peninsula. Greek city-states first established colonies along the Black Sea coast of Crimea in the 7th or 6th century BC. Several colonies were established in the vicinity of the Kerch Strait, then known as the Cimmerian Bosporus. The density of colonies around the Cimmerian Bosporus was unusual for Greek colonization and reflected the importance of the area.  The majority of these colonies were established by Ionians from the city of Miletus in Asia Minor. By the mid-1st century BC the Bosporan Kingdom became a client state of the late Roman Republic, ushering in the era of Roman Crimea during the Roman Empire.
Kommst du mit ihr
"Kommst du mit ihr" (English: Are you coming with her?) is a song by German pop singer Sarah Connor. It was written and produced by Connor along with Peter Plate, Ulf Leo Sommer, and Daniel Faust for her ninth studio album Muttersprache (2015). The song was released as the album's third single on 4 March 2016 in German-speaking Europe.

Peter Plate
Peter Plate (born 1 July 1967) is a German musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. Between 1991 and 2012, he was the keyboardist and occasional vocalist of Rosenstolz, a German pop duo that had chart hits in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Nyamaagiin Altankhuyag
Nyamaagiin Altankhuyag (born September 27, 1970) is a boxer from Mongolia, who competed in the bantamweight (– 54 kg) division at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the light-welterweight (– 63.5 kg) category at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal in the light-welterweight category at the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing.

Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics took place in the old Pavelló Club Joventut Badalona in Barcelona. The boxing schedule began on 26 July and ended on 9 August. Twelve boxing events (all men's individual) were contested, with the participation of 336 athletes from 78 countries.
Bellotti's goby
Gobius ater, Bellotti's goby, is a species of goby native to the Mediterranean Sea from the Balearic Islands and the Gulf of Lion to Nice and Sardinia. It occurs in shallow waters and lagoons where it prefers beds of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica.  This species can reach a length of 7.1 centimetres (2.8 in) SL.

Gulf of Lion
The Gulf of Lion or Gulf of Lions is a wide embayment of the Mediterranean coastline of Catalonia in Spain with Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence in France, extending from Begur in the west to Toulon in the east.

The chief port on the gulf is Marseille. Toulon is another important port. The fishing industry in the gulf is based on hake (Merluccius merluccius), being bottom-trawled, long-lined and gill-netted and currently declining from overfishing.

Rivers that empty into the gulf include the Tech, Têt, Aude, Orb, Hérault, Vidourle, and the Rhône.

The continental shelf is exposed here as a wide coastal plain, and the offshore terrain slopes rapidly to the Mediterranean's abyssal plain. Much of the coastline is composed of lagoons and salt marsh.

This is the area of the cold, blustery winds called the Mistral and the Tramontane.
Alan Walton
Alan G. Walton OBE (April 3, 1936 – July 4, 2015) was a scientist, businessman, and venture capitalist. He was born in England in 1936 and earned a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. He worked for twenty years as a professor at Case Western Reserve University and later served as the Chairman of Oxford Bioscience Corporation. Walton was instrumental in the development and funding of the Human Genome Project. Through his association with Oxford Bioscience, Walton managed over $850 million in a portfolio that included 80 companies. In 2012, he was awarded the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. He died in 2015 at his home in Westport, Connecticut.

Chondroitin
A chondroitin, as the sulfate, is a component of bamacan, a proteoglycan (sugar-protein conjugate) that comprises some membranes. Chondroitin is a chondrin derivative.

Types include:

Chondroitin sulfate

Dermatan sulfate

Chondroitin as a supplement is now commonly used (often in combination with glucosamine) in treating the joint disease of osteoarthritis. In contrast to the symptomatic treatments, chondroitin can modify the progression of a disease process in the patient which it can be used as an alternative medicine. Chondroitin's effect toward the articular cartilage integrity as it is part of the proteoglycan molecules. The cartilage proteoglycan synthesis can speed up as chondroitin is going through the pathway of the alimentary canal. Research has been conducted to show the effectiveness of chondroitin and results indicate that it helps to manage pain in knee and hip, slow down the progression and also recovery. However, the effectiveness of the drugs is still doubtful.
Sadowie, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Sadowie [saˈdɔvjɛ] is a village in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Sadowie. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Opatów and 54 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Opatów County
Opatów County (Polish: powiat opatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opatów, which lies 58 kilometres (36 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Ożarów, lying 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Opatów.

The county covers an area of 911.51 square kilometres (351.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 53,942, out of which the population of Opatów is 6,466, that of Ożarów is 4,569, and the rural population is 42,907.
Slovenian PrvaLiga records and statistics
The top tier of Slovenian football, the Slovenian PrvaLiga, was formed in 1991 after Slovenia became an independent country, and was firstly contested in the 1991–92 season. The following page details the football records and statistics of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since then. All statistics below are correct as of end of the 2024–25 Slovenian PrvaLiga season.

2017–18 Slovenian PrvaLiga
The 2017–18 Slovenian PrvaLiga (also known as the  Prva liga Telekom Slovenije for sponsorship reasons) was the 27th edition of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since its establishment in 1991. The season began on 15 July 2017 and ended on 27 May 2018.
Mount Hakkoda (1977 film)
Mt. Hakkoda (八甲田山, Hakkōda-san) is a 1977 Japanese film directed by Shirō Moritani. Based on the novelist Jirō Nitta's recounting of the Hakkōda Mountains incident, the film tells the story of two infantry regiments of the Imperial Japanese Army, consisting of 210 men, that tried to traverse the Hakkōda Mountains in the winter of 1902, in preparation for the anticipated Russo-Japanese War. The film was Japan's submission to the 50th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Jirō Nitta
Jirō Nitta (新田 次郎, Nitta Jirō, June 6, 1912 – February 15, 1980) is the pen name of Japanese historical novelist Hiroto Fujiwara (藤原 寛人, Fujiwara Hiroto). He was born in an area that is now part of the city of Suwa, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.
NCIS season 11
The eleventh season of the police procedural drama NCIS premiered on September 24, 2013, in the same time slot as the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm.

Special Agent Ziva David (Cote de Pablo), departs during the season with her final appearance being in "Past, Present and Future". Also introduced NSA Analyst Eleanor "Ellie" Bishop to become NCIS Probationary Special Agent, loaned to NCIS on Joint Duty Assignment. The episode "Crescent City (Part I)", which aired on March 25, 2014, serves as the first of a two-part backdoor pilot of a second spin off from NCIS called NCIS: New Orleans based in New Orleans.

Kelli Williams
Kelli Renee Williams (born June 8, 1970) is an American actress and director. She is known for her roles as lawyer Lindsay Dole on the ABC legal drama The Practice, psychologist and deception expert Dr. Gillian Foster on the Fox series Lie to Me, Jackie Clarke on the Lifetime series Army Wives, and Margaret Reed on the NBC drama series Found.
Drill tower
A drill tower is a tower and training facility for firefighters. It is usually built within a fire station facility for routine exercises and training. The drill tower is  typically a multi-level structure simulating high-rise buildings. Heights vary by location.

Towers can help firefighters deal with real-life situations, including running upstairs with heavy equipment, using rope and safety nets, and operating a fire engine in a confined space.

Towers are usually accessible only by stairs and ladders, but in Hong Kong, the one in Kai Tak Fire Station is built with a lift for disabled.

Rope
A rope is a group of yarns, plies, fibres, or strands that are twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form. Ropes have high tensile strength and can be used for dragging and lifting. Rope is thicker and stronger than similarly constructed cord, string, and twine.
Edward Reingold
Edward M. Reingold (born 1945) is a computer scientist active in the fields of algorithms, data structures, graph drawing, and calendrical calculations.

In 1996 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.

In 2000 he retired from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and was a professor of computer science and applied mathematics at the Illinois Institute of Technology until his retirement in 2019.

Graph drawing
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional (or, sometimes, three-dimensional) depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.

A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph.  In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges.  In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
Donkin (surname)
Donkin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Billy Donkin (1900–1974), British footballer

Bryan Donkin (1768–1855), British engineer, inventor and industrialist

Bryan Donkin (physician) (1842–1927), British physician

George Donkin (1892–1927), English footballer

John Donkin (1802–1854), British engineer

Dylan Donkin (21st century), American musician

Mike Donkin (1951–2007), English reporter and journalist

Nance Donkin (1915–2008), children's writer and journalist

Peter Langloh Donkin (1913–2000), Air Commodore

Robin Donkin (1928–2006), British historian and geographer

Rufane Shaw Donkin (1773–1841), British soldier

Sydney Donkin (1871–1952), British engineer

William Fishburn Donkin (1814–1869), professor of astronomy at Oxford

Bryan Donkin (physician)
Sir Horatio Bryan Donkin FRCP (1 February 1845 – 26 July 1927) was a British medical doctor and criminologist. He spent his early career as a consultant physician and lecturer at Westminster Hospital before joining the prison service.
Emotional History
Emotional History is MAX's fourth original studio album on original label, Avex Trax. The album comes three years after the release of their last studio album, Maximum Groove in 1998. It is their first album to contain songs written by the group themselves. The first track of the album, "But My Love" is a cover of a song by Key of Life and is credited to M&I. M&I is a collaboration between MAX and Issa of the group Da Pump who raps on the song. First press copies of the album came with a bonus track, "Always Love (Groove That Soul Mix)" remixed by GTS.

MAX (group)
MAX is a Japanese female vocal group. The name is an acronym for "musical active experience". The original members of MAX made their musical debut as members of the Super Monkey's along with lead vocalist Namie Amuro. They branched out on their own in 1995, becoming stars in their own right with selling several million albums and a string of consecutive top 20 singles from 1996 to 2000. Their lead singer, Mina, left the group in 2002 due to pregnancy and was replaced by Aki Maeda who assumed the stage name Aki. Aki left the group in August 2008 to pursue a solo career. Original member Mina returned to the group on October 28, 2008 ushering in the group's comeback after a two-year hiatus.

Since their debut MAX has sold over 10 million records. They are behind only Morning Musume for female group with the most consecutive top 10 singles, tying with Wink at 15.
Yurii Huliak
Yurii Vasylovych Huliak (Ukrainian: Юрій Васильович Гуляк) is a Ukrainian soldier, Captain of the 80th Air Assault Brigade of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, a participant in the Russian-Ukrainian war.

In 2023, he was included in the Forbes 30 Under 30: Creators of the Future rating.

Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky
The Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Ukrainian: Орден Богдана Хмельницького, romanized: Orden Bohdana Khmelnytskoho) is a Ukrainian military award named after  Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks. The award was established on May 3, 1995 by Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe.
What to Eat Now
What to Eat Now is a six-part series, broadcast on BBC Two and presented by chef Valentine Warner. The basic message behind the series is that people should eat food that is in season. The programme was first broadcast on 15 September 2008. A second and final series was broadcast in 2009.

The series has covered autumnal foods, both meats such as rabbit and pigeon, and fruits and vegetables and fungi, including apples, pears, pumpkins, chicory, beetroot and truffle as part of the series.
In looking at apples, the show visited Benedictine monks, and talked about how they could find the best apples to make a dish called "apple charlotte".
In looking at beetroot, the show visited a farmer who practiced biodynamic farming, believing that the phases of the moon could affect plant growth.

The show travelled to Lindisfarne to illustrate mussel catching. Warner has also published two books entitled "What to Eat Now" and "What to Eat Now – More Please!" to accompany the series'.

Pear
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and are harvested in late summer into mid-autumn. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus /ˈpaɪrəs/, in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pears are valued for their edible fruit and juices, while others are cultivated as trees.

The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality woodwind instruments and furniture.

About 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide, which vary in both shape and taste. The fruit is consumed fresh, canned, as juice, dried, or fermented as perry.
Carlos Fonseca (boxer)
Carlos Antunes da Fonseca (born October 28, 1955) is a retired boxer from Brazil, who competed in the men's middleweight division (– 75 kg) during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

He represented his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, alongside three other boxers: Sidnei dal Rovere, Jaime Franco and Francisco de Jesus. Fonseca captured the silver medal in the middleweight category at the 1979 Pan American Games, losing to Cuba's José Gómez Mustelier in the final.

Today he lives in Guaruja, São Paulo State.
He is married to Maria Cristina and has three sons, Anderson Fonseca, Carlos Jr. and Gustavo Fonseca Antunes.

1979 Pan American Games
The 1979 Pan American Games, officially the VIII Pan American Games (Spanish: VIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as San Juan 1979, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization (PASO), and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to  July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.
Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)
The Intelligence Corps (Int Corps) is a corps of the British Army. It is responsible for gathering, analysing and disseminating military intelligence and also for counter-intelligence and security. The Director of the Intelligence Corps is a brigadier.

Thiepval Barracks
Thiepval Barracks is a British Army barracks and headquarters in Lisburn, County Antrim. It is also the site of the stone frigate HMS Hibernia, Headquarters of the Royal Naval Reserve in Northern Ireland.