hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bill Farnsworth
Andrew William Farnsworth (14 January 1887 – 30 October 1966) was an Australian pioneer rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s whose club career was played in Sydney with Newtown. He represented at state level for both New South Wales and Queensland, and at the national level for Australia and Australasia. He is the brother of fellow New South Wales and Australian representative, and Newtown player Viv Farnsworth.

Australasia rugby league team
The Australasian rugby league team represented Australia and New Zealand in rugby league sporadically between 1910 and 1922. Administered by the New South Wales Rugby League, appearances for the team were counted towards the Australian team's records and playing register but not the New Zealand team's. The team toured Great Britain twice, participating in two Ashes series, and also played Great Britain twice in Sydney.
Andrew Mumford (political scientist)
Andrew Mumford FRHistS (born 1983) is a British political scientist, military historian, and Professor of War Studies in the School of Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham. He is a member of the EU/NATO Hybrid Threats Centre of Excellence expert pool on security and has consulted the UK Ministry of Defence and NATO. In December 2018, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. He is the editor of the Bloomsbury book series Studies in Contemporary Warfare.

War studies
War studies, sometimes called polemology, is the multi-disciplinary study of war. It pertains to the military, diplomatic, philosophical, social, political, psychological or economic dimensions of human conflict.

The word polemology derives from Ancient Greek: πόλεμος, romanized: pólemos, lit. 'war, battle' + -logy.
Battle of Chalk Bluff
The Battle of Chalk Bluff (May 1 – 2, 1863), also known as the Skirmish at Chalk Bluff, was a military engagement of the American Civil War. The battle was fought near Chalk Bluff, northwest of St. Francis (present-day Clay County, Arkansas), where U.S. Brigadier General William Vandever, commanding the Second Division of the Army of the Frontier, was repulsed in an attempt to prevent Confederate General John S. Marmaduke's Division from crossing the St. Francis River. Though a Confederate victory, Marmaduke suffered considerable casualties and his momentum had been checked, forcing him to abandon his second expedition into Missouri.

John S. Marmaduke
John Sappington Marmaduke (March 14, 1833 – December 28, 1887) was an American politician and soldier. He was the 25th governor of Missouri from 1885 until his death in 1887. During the American Civil War, he was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater.

On September 6, 1863, Marmaduke killed a Confederate brigadier general, Lucius M. Walker, in a duel. Confederate Major General Sterling Price ordered Marmaduke's arrest but suspended the order because of the impending U.S. advance on Little Rock, Arkansas. Marmaduke never faced a court martial for the duel.
Cavite's 2nd congressional district
Cavite's 2nd congressional district is one of the eight congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Cavite. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district consists of the northeastern city of Bacoor. It is currently represented in the 19th Congress by Lani Mercado of Lakas–CMD.

The second district previously encompassed the cities of Dasmariñas and Trece Martires, the de facto provincial capital, along with the adjacent central Cavite municipalities of Carmona, General Mariano Alvarez, General Trias, Imus, and Tanza until the reapportionment took effect in 2010.

Dasmariñas
Dasmariñas (Tagalog: [dɐsmaˈɾiɲɐs]), officially the City of Dasmariñas (Filipino: Lungsod ng Dasmariñas), is a component city in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 744,511 people. With a land area of 90.1 square kilometers (34.8 sq mi) , it is the largest city both in terms of area and population in Cavite and the wealthiest local government unit in the province.

Being located just 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) from Imus and 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of Manila, the growing congestion and conurbation of the Manila Metropolitan area has led to its rapid development in the late 1900s. This growth is manifested by the influx of major shopping malls, hospitals, universities, banks, industrial parks, and the growing number of residential subdivisions accommodating its growing population.
Leonard William Fraser
Leonard William Fraser (April 1, 1902 – September 18, 1957) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1940 to 1941 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert McGregor Fraser. Fraser was educated at Dalhousie University. He married Kathleen Blanchet. Fraser was leader of the Opposition in the provincial assembly in 1941. He died in Halifax at the age of 55.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Jorge Munoz (American football)
Jorge Munoz (born May 12, 1971) is an American football coach and former player. He is the associate head coach and tight ends coach at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Munoz played college football at Southwestern College in Chula Vista, California, and Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas, as a quarterback. He also played one season with the Albany Firebirds before beginning his coaching career.

Munoz was inducted into the Southwestern College Athletic Hall of Honor in 2006 and the Bethany College Athletic Hall of Fame in 2010.

CIF San Diego Section
The CIF San Diego Section (CIF-SDS) is the governing body of high school athletics for most of the two southernmost counties of California (San Diego and Imperial Counties), one of ten such sections that comprise the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF). Its membership includes most public and private high schools in San Diego and Imperial counties.
Altrincham (UK Parliament constituency)
Altrincham was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 to 1945. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Lymm
Lymm (/ˈlɪm/ LIM) is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, North West England, now in the Borough of Warrington. It incorporates the hamlets of Booths Hill, Broomedge, Church Green, Deansgreen, Heatley, Heatley Heath, Little Heatley, Oughtrington, Reddish, Rush Green and Statham. At the 2021 United Kingdom census, the parish comprised a population of 12,660, with the built-up area having a population of 11,545.

Situated just over a mile south of the Manchester Ship Canal and River Mersey, historically the county boundary between Lancashire and Cheshire, Lymm's neighbouring villages are Warburton, Thelwall and High Legh. Warrington is its nearest town 6 miles (9.7 km) to the west, with Altrincham being 7 miles (11 km) due east and Knutsford 9 miles (14 km) south east.
California, Shasta and Eastern Railway
The California, Shasta and Eastern Railway was a 15 miles (24 km) shortline railroad which operated, for nearly 40 years, between Anderson and Bella Vista, California with no greater aspirations then being a glorified mill spur. Briefly around 1906 however, the road basked in the limelight of the mighty E.H. Harriman who considered, and then discarded, the idea of incorporating it into one of his "paper" railroads projected through the region.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
Trail of Flowers
Trail of Flowers is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Sierra Ferrell, released by Rounder Records on March 22, 2024, and distributed by Concord. The album received positive reviews from critics, who pointed to the blending of genres and time periods, starting with the bluegrass origins of Americana, but also exploring its derivatives.

Concord (entertainment company)
Alchemy Copyrights, LLC, doing business as Concord, is an independent American entertainment company. It develops, manages and acquires sound recordings, music publishing rights, theatrical performance rights, and narrative content for film and television. Concord is majority owned by the State of Michigan Retirement System.

Concord holds rights to more than 1.3 million songs, composed works, plays, musicals and active recordings. In 2020, 45% of its revenue came from music, 38% from music publishing and 17% from theatricals. As of 2023, according to its CEO, it derived 85% of its revenue "from catalog, rather than newly-developed, music".

Headquartered in Nashville with additional offices in Los Angeles, New York City, London, Berlin, Melbourne and Miami and staff in Auckland, Sydney, Toronto and Tokyo, Concord's repertoire is licensed in virtually every country and territory worldwide.
Henry Kila
Henry Raisi Kila (1952 – 2010) was a former president of the Papua New Guinea Sports Federation and Olympic Committee, now the Papua New Guinea Olympic Committee (PNGOC), and president of the PNG Softball Association. He was the first Papua New Guinean to obtain qualifications from the Australian Insurance Institute and went on to have a distinguished career in Papua New Guinea's insurance industry.

ANZIIF
The Australian and New Zealand Institute of Insurance and Finance (ANZIIF), also known as the Institute, is a professional association and education provider for the insurance and financial services industry in the Asia-Pacific region.  ANZIIF was founded in 1884, making it one of the oldest professional associations in the region.
Zen and the Art of Consciousness
Zen and the Art of Consciousness (2011), originally titled Ten Zen Questions (2009), is a book by Susan Blackmore. It describes her thoughts during zazen retreats and other self-directed meditative exercises, and how those thoughts relate to the neuroscience of consciousness. Most chapters in the book center around a Zen question and describe Blackmore's inner monologue contemplating the question's implications for subjective experience. The final chapter features a response by Blackmore's Zen teacher.

Daniel Dennett
Daniel Clement Dennett III (March 28, 1942 – April 19, 2024) was an American philosopher and cognitive scientist. His research centered on the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science.

Dennett was the co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies and the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University in Massachusetts. Dennett was a member of the editorial board for The Rutherford Journal and a co-founder of The Clergy Project.

A vocal atheist and secularist, Dennett has been described as "one of the most widely read and debated American philosophers". He was referred to as one of the "Four Horsemen" of New Atheism, along with Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Christopher Hitchens.
361 Bononia
361 Bononia /bəˈnoʊniə/ is a very large, resonant  Hilda asteroid located in the outermost region of the asteroid belt. It is classified as a D-type asteroid and is probably composed of organic rich silicates, carbon and anhydrous silicates. It was discovered by Auguste Charlois on 11 March 1893, in Nice, and assigned the prov. designations A893 EF and 1893 P.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
1872 Parramatta colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Parramatta on 20 May 1872 caused by the resignation of sitting member Hugh Taylor immediately after the election as he had received conflicting legal advice as to whether his contract to supply articles to a destitute institution disqualified him from office. He was concerned that the Committee of Elections and Qualifications was hostile to the Parkes ministry which he supported.

Electoral district of Parramatta
Parramatta is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was won by Donna Davis of the Labor Party in the 2023 NSW state election.

Parramatta is an urban electorate in Sydney's inner north-west, roughly analogous to the City of Parramatta.
Tavapadon
Tavapadon (developmental code names CVL-751, PF-06649751) is a dopamine receptor agonist which is under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is under development by Cerevel Therapeutics, which acquired tavapadon from Pfizer in 2018. It is taken by mouth.

Tavapadon acts as a highly selective partial agonist of the dopamine D1 receptor (Ki = 9 nM; IATooltip Intrinsic activity = 65%) and the dopamine D5 receptor (Ki = 13 nM; IA = 81%). It has no significant affinity or functional activity at the D2-like receptors (D2, D3, D4) (Ki ≥ 4,870 to 6,720 nM). Tavapadon also shows biased agonism for Gs-coupled signaling at the D1-like receptors.

As of December 2024, tavapadon has completed phase 3 clinical trials for Parkinson's disease.

Dopamine agonist
A dopamine agonist is a compound that activates dopamine D2 receptors and belong to one of two different subclasses: ergoline and non-ergoline. Examples of ergoline agonists are cabergoline and bromocriptine and examples of non-ergoline agonists are pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine. Ergoline agonists have been linked to cartilage formation in heart valves.

Dopamine agonists are primarily used in the treatment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and to a lesser extent, in hyperprolactinemia and restless legs syndrome. They are also used off-label in the treatment of clinical depression. One notable risk in the use of dopamine agonist is an increased risk of developing impulse control disorders.
Glover, Illinois
Glover is an unincorporated community near the eastern border of St. Joseph in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. Glover is located on U.S. Route 150.

There are no buildings in Glover; houses nearby belong to St Joseph.

There used to be a tower at the junction of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois, Peoria and Eastern, and the Illinois Terminal railroads. The Peoria and Eastern and the Illinois Terminal have been removed.

U.S. Route 150
U.S. Route 150 (US 150) is a 571-mile (919 km) long northwest–southeast United States highway, signed as east–west. It runs from U.S. Route 6 outside of Moline, Illinois, to U.S. Route 25 in Mount Vernon, Kentucky.
Puerto de la Música
The Puerto de la Música (Spanish, "Port of Music") is a planned cultural complex which was to be built in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina, beside the Paraná River. As of June 2012 the plan is on hold for the foreseeable future.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Paderu Assembly constituency
Paderu is a Scheduled Tribe reserved constituency in Alluri Sitharama Raju district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Araku Lok Sabha constituency.

Matsyarasa Visweswara Raju is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from YSR Congress Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 227,042 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1967, as per the Delimitation Orders (1967).

YSR Congress Party
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (lit. 'Youth, Labour, and Farmer Congress Party', YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registered with Election Commission of India by Kolishetti Shiva Kumar. Thereafter, the party was taken over by its current president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, having served as the state's chief minister from 2019-2024. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
Kungyangon Township
Kungyangon Township (Burmese: ကွမ်းခြံကုန်း မြို့နယ် [kʊ́ɰ̃dʑàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃ mjo̰nɛ̀]) is a township of the Twante District, Yangon Region, Myanmar. It is located by the Andaman Sea in the southwestern part of the region.

Townships of Myanmar
Townships (Burmese: မြို့နယ်, Mrui.nay; IPA: [mjo̰nɛ̀]) are the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar. They are the sub-divisions of the districts of Myanmar. According to the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU), as of December 2015, there are 330 townships in Myanmar.

Townships are the basic administrative unit of local governance and are the only type of administrative division that cover all of Myanmar. A township is administered by a township administrator, a civil servant appointed through the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA). The minister of home affairs is to be appointed by the military according to the 2008 constitution. Townships are supervised by districts.
Zmeu
The zmeu (plural: zmei, feminine: zmeoaică / zmeoaice) is a fantastic creature of Romanian folklore and Romanian mythology.

Though referred by some sources as a dragon, the zmeu is nevertheless distinct, because it usually has clear anthropomorphic traits: it is humanoid and has legs, arms, the ability to create and use artifacts such as weapons, and to ride a horse, and has the desire to marry young girls. There are commentators that class it as a giant (equivalent of an ogre), or a devil, or even a vampire.

In some stories, Zmeu appears in the sky and spits fire, or has the ability to change form. In other stories, it has a magical precious stone on its head that shines like the sun. It likes beautiful young girls, whom it kidnaps, usually for the purpose of marrying them. It is almost always defeated by a daring prince or knight-errant.

The zmei has also been conflated with or confused with the dracu or with the balaur type dragon.

Giant
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: gigas, cognate giga-) are beings of humanoid appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word giant is first attested in 1297 from Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. It is derived from the Gigantes (Ancient Greek: Γίγαντες) of Greek mythology.

Fairy tales such as Jack the Giant Killer have formed the modern perception of giants as dimwitted and violent ogres, sometimes said to eat humans or livestock. In more recent portrayals, like those of Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl, some giants are both intelligent and friendly.
John Gordon (Victorian politician)
John Gordon (27 September 1858 – 3 December 1937) was an Australian politician.

Gordon was born in Wallan to farmer Neil Gordon and Margaret McKay (both Scottish-born). He grew up around Balmattan, Benalla and Euroa, and became a general storekeeper around 1878 at Nagambie. He also acquired land in the area and grazed sheep and shorthorn cattle.

Gordon served on Goulburn Valley Shire Council from 1896 to 1926 and was thrice president (1899–1900, 1908–09, 1917–18). In 1911 he won a by-election for the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Waranga. A Liberal and then a Nationalist, he served as a minister without portfolio from 1923 to 1924 and as Minister of Agriculture and Water Supply from March to July 1924.

The annual premiers in the Waranga North East Football Association were presented with the John Gordon Shield between 1913 and 1926.

Gordon retired in 1929, and died at Nagambie in 1937.

Euroa
Euroa is a town in the Shire of Strathbogie in the north-east of Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 census, Euroa's population was 3,116.

The name Euroa comes from an Aboriginal word in the old local dialect meaning 'joyful'.
San Guillermo Parish Church (Bacolor)
San Guillermo Parish Church is a Roman Catholic church in Bacolor, Pampanga, Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of San Fernando. Named after Williiam of Maleval, the town's patron saint, the church was originally constructed by the Augustinian Friars in 1576 – also the town's founding – with Padre Diego de Ochoa, OSA, becoming the town's first parish priest two years later.

In 1880, the church was destroyed by an earthquake, and rebuilt by Fr. Eugenio Alvarez in 1886. On September 3, 1995, lahar flow from the slopes of Mount Pinatubo which erupted on June 15, 1991, buried the church to half its 12-metre (39 ft) height, prompting more than 50,000 town residents to evacuate to safer grounds in resettlement areas. Near the façade of the parish church is a museum on the history of the church. It also contains paintings of the Pinatubo eruption in 1991.

Archdiocese of San Fernando
The Archdiocese of San Fernando (Latin: Archidioecesis Sancti Ferdinandi; Filipino: Arkidiyosesis ng San Fernando; Spanish: Arquidiócesis de San Fernando; Kapampangan: Arkidiosesis ning San Fernando) is the archdiocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in Pampanga, Philippines which has territorial jurisdiction over the whole province of Pampanga and Angeles City. The archdiocese is also the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of the same name, which also include three dioceses of its surrounding provinces of Bataan (Diocese of Balanga), Zambales (Diocese of Iba), and Tarlac (Diocese of Tarlac). The cathedral church and seat of the archdiocese is the Metropolitan Cathedral of San Fernando (Pampanga). The Virgin Mary, under the title Virgen de los Remedios, is the principal patroness.

Florentino G. Lavarias, D.D., is the current archbishop of the archdiocese since October 27, 2014, succeeding Paciano B. Aniceto, D.D.