hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wase Rock
Wase Rock (Hausa: Gwauron Dutse) is a massive dome shaped rocky inselberg found near Wase town in Wase Local Government Area  of Plateau State in central Nigeria. Standing alone in the Wase plain, it achieves a remarkable height of about 298 metres (978 ft) above the surface of the neighbouring surroundings and 543 metres (1,781 ft) above sea level.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Càrn Gorm
Càrn Gorm is a mountain in the Breadalbane region of the Scottish Highlands, with a height of 1,029 metres (3,376 ft). It stands in a group of four Munro mountains known as the Càrn Mairg group or the Glen Lyon Horseshoe, on the north side of Glen Lyon, Perthshire.

Breadalbane, Scotland
56°20′24″N 4°16′26″W﻿ / ﻿56.340°N 4.274°W﻿ / 56.340; -4.274

Breadalbane (/brəˈdɔːlbən/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Bràghaid Albann, meaning "upper Alba" or "upland of Alba") is a region of the southern/central Scottish Highlands, within the Grampian Mountains range. It is a mountainous region comprising the watershed of Loch Tay; its boundaries are roughly the West Highland Way in the west, Rannoch Moor in the northwest, Loch Rannoch in the north, the River Tummel in the east, the Highland boundary in the southeast, and Loch Earn and Loch Voil-Loch Doine in the south. The former Breadalbane district was surrounded by the districts of Atholl, Strathearn, Menteith, The Lennox, Argyll and Lochaber. The Breadalbane Hydro-Electric Scheme lies within the region.

The Atholl and Breadalbane Gathering is a popular 2/4 March tune for the Great Highland Bagpipes.
Star Crossing Halt railway station
Star Crossing Halt railway station was a station between Nannerch and Cilcain, Flintshire, Wales. The station was opened on 2 November 1914, closed in 1916 due to WW1, but re-opened in the summer of 1919, and closed finally on 30 April 1962. Today the stationmaster's house is in use as private residence and the platforms and a waiting shelter are still extant.

Nannerch
Nannerch is a village and community in Flintshire, Wales, located within the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At the 2001 Census the population of Nannerch was 531, reducing to 496 in 2011.
Gabriela Baeza
Gabriela Baeza Zamora is a Mexican environmental activist, speaker and expert in sustainable development, recognized for popularizing the zero waste movement in Latin America through the documentary short film El Reto which was released on July 8, 2017. Since then, Baeza has lectured at conferences in important events on environmental issues, such as the Green Expo, the Ecofest and the Circular Economy Congress of Mexico. In July 2019, the newspaper El País included her in its list of the "10 world leaders who do not give up".

Conference
A conference is a meeting, often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject, or to bring together people who have a common interest. Conferences can be used as a form of group decision-making, although discussion, not always decisions, is the primary purpose of conferences. The term derives from the word confer.
Pasila
Pasila (Finnish: [ˈpɑsilɑ]; Swedish: Böle, Finland Swedish: [ˈbøːˌle]) is a part of Helsinki, Finland, that is both a central-northern neighbourhood and district, bordering the areas of Alppila to the south, the Central Park (Keskuspuisto) to the west, and Vallila to the east.

Pasila is a major transportation hub. At its heart is the Pasila railway station, the second busiest station in Finland. The station serves about 130,000 people per day via 900 trains, 400 trams and 850 buses.

Central Park (Helsinki)
Central Park (Finnish: Helsingin keskuspuisto, Swedish: Helsingfors centralpark) is a park in Helsinki, Finland. It has an area of 10 square kilometres (4 sq mi). The park stretches 10 kilometres (6 mi) from Töölönlahti Bay in the south to the border of Helsinki and Vantaa in the north.

The park is not a gardened one but instead consists mostly of lightly managed woodland crisscrossed by gravel paths.

The Paloheinä forest, a northern extension of the park, is Helsinki's main center for outdoor activities.
Pakwadi
Pakwadi  is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5958 people living in 1284 individual households.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Pachaljharana Rural Municipality
Pachaljharana (Nepali: पचालझरना गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Kalikot District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration Pachaljharana rural municipality has an area of 166.92 square kilometres (64.45 sq mi) and the total population of the  rural municipality is 12,343 as of 2011 Nepal census.

Nanikot, Ramnakot and some parts of Badalkot which previously were all separate Village development committees merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level bodies.

The rural municipality is divided into total 9 wards and the headquarters of this newly formed rural municipality is situated at Ramnakot.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Tal Afar Air Base
Tal Afar Air Base (ICAO: ORTF) is a former Iraqi Air Force base near Tal Afar in the Nineveh Governorate of Iraq. It was constructed in 1983 for use by the Iraqi Air Force and operated until the 2003 invasion of Iraq. After seizure by Coalition ground forces, the base was converted into Forward Operating Base Sykes and operated until American withdrawal in 2011.

Tal Afar
Tal Afar (Arabic: تَلْعَفَر, romanized: Talʿafar, IPA: [talˈʕafar]; Turkish: Telafer, تلعفر) is a city in the Nineveh Governorate of northwestern Iraq, located 63 km (39 mi) west of Mosul, 52 km (32 mi) east of Sinjar and 200 km (120 mi) northwest of Kirkuk. Its local inhabitants are exclusively Turkmen.

While no official census data exists, the city, which had previously been estimated to have a population of approximately 200,000, had dropped to 80,000 as of 2007. In 2003, Tal Afar's Turkmen population in the city center was about 15 percent Bektashi and Shia, while 85 percent was Sunni. Surrounding areas push the total Sunni ratio to 90%. On 27 April 2025, Baghdad Today reported of an ongoing government initiative to convert Tel Afar District into the 20th governorate of Iraq. The proposed name of the new governorate is Jazira.
Gurawra
Gurawara (or Guraora) is in Rewari tehsil of Rewari district, Haryana, India. It is 27.5 kilometres (17.1 mi) from Rewari on the Rewari-Jhajjar road. Gurawara Fort is a local landmark. Under CSC, it became the first digital village of India.

52.78% of the population is male and 47.21% of the population is female (2884). Gurawara has an average literacy (4136) rate of 67.71%, lower than the national average of 74%: male literacy (2475) is 59.84%, and female literacy (1661) is 40.15% of the total. In Gurawara, Rewari, 11.13% of the population is under 6 years of age (680).

Jhajjar
Jhajjar is a town in Jhajjar district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is a part of Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) and situated on the road connecting Rewari to Rohtak (NH-352), Loharu to Meerut (NH334B), Charkhi Dadri to Delhi and Gurgaon to Bhiwani. Jhajjar is located 55 km (34 mi) west of Delhi.
Palaeoniscidae
Palaeoniscidae is an extinct family of "palaeoniscoid" ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii). The family includes the genus Palaeoniscum and potentially other Palaeozoic and Mesozoic early actinopterygian genera. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek words παλαιός (palaiós, ancient) and ὀνίσκος (oniskos,  'cod-fish' or woodlouse).

Amblypterus
Amblypterus (from Greek: ἀμβλύς amblys, 'blunt' and Greek: πτερόν pteron 'wing' or 'fin') is an extinct genus of freshwater ray-finned fish that lived during the Gzhelian (upper Carboniferous) and Cisuralian (lower Permian) epoch in what is now Europe (Czech Republic, France, Germany, Switzerland) and possibly India and Argentina. Potential indeterminate records stretch as far back as the early Carboniferous.
John I of Trebizond
John I Komnenos Axouch (Greek: Ιωάννης Κομνηνός Ἀξούχος, romanized: Iōannēs Komnēnos Axouch) was the Emperor of Trebizond from 1235 to 1238. One editor reads the text of the chronicle of Michael Panaretos as stating that John ruled six years; although William Miller follows Fallmerayer in assuming this was a mistake for three years, another possible solution is that John was co-ruler with his predecessor Andronikos I Gidos for three years then ruled alone for three more.

Michael Panaretos
Michael Panaretos (Greek: Μιχαήλ Πανάρετος; c. 1320 – c. 1390) was an official of the Trapezuntine empire and a Greek historian. His sole surviving work is a chronicle of the Trapezuntine empire of Alexios I Komnenos and his successors. This chronicle not only provides a chronological framework for this medieval empire, it also contains much valuable material on the early history of the Ottoman Turks from a Byzantine perspective, however it was almost unknown until Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer discovered it in the nineteenth century among the manuscripts of the Biblioteca Marciana of Venice. "Owing to this drab but truthful chronicle," writes the Russian Byzantist Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev, "it has become possible to a certain extent to restore the chronological sequence of the most important events in the history of Trebizond. This Chronicle covers the period from 1204 to 1426 and gives several names of emperors formerly unknown."
Proclamation of the German Empire
The proclamation of the German Empire, also known as the Deutsche Reichsgründung, took place on January 18, 1871 after the joint victory of the German states in the Franco-Prussian War. As a result of the November Treaties of 1870, the southern German states of Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, with their territories south of the Main line, Württemberg and Bavaria, joined the Prussian-dominated "North German Confederation" on 1 January 1871. On the same day, the new Constitution of the German Confederation came into force, thereby significantly extending the federal German lands to the newly created German Empire. The Day of the founding of the German Empire, January 18, became a day of celebration, marking when the Prussian King William I was proclaimed German Emperor at the Palace of Versailles, outside Paris, France.

Federalism in Germany
Federalism in Germany is made of the states of Germany and the federal government. The central government, the states, and the German municipalities have different tasks and partially competing regions of responsibilities ruled by a complex system of checks and balances.
M. N. Ponnamma
Mallamada Narendra Ponnamma (born 25 October 1992) is an Indian field hockey player, who plays as a halfback for the Indian national team. She was a part of the team that won bronze at the 2013 Junior World Cup, in Germany.

2013 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2013 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup was the seventh edition of the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, held from 27 July to 4 August 2013 in Mönchengladbach, Germany.

Defending champions the Netherlands won the tournament for a record third time after defeating Argentina 4–2 in the final on a penalty shootout after a 1–1 draw. India won the third place match by defeating England 3–2 on a penalty shootout after a 1–1 draw to claim their first ever Junior World Cup medal.
Yōseiden
Yōseiden (妖星伝, Legend of an Enchanted Planet) is a multi-part science fiction/fantasy literary series by Ryō Hanmura. It was published in 7 volumes from 1975–1995. The series is generally regarded as a classic in the world of Japanese science fiction. In SF Magazine, it was voted as one of the top ten Japanese science fiction novels of all time alongside Hanmura's other masterpiece Musubi no Yama Hiroku (産霊山秘録). A manga with the same name, following a similar plot, was drawn by Leiji Matsumoto.

Leiji Matsumoto
Leiji Matsumoto (Japanese: 松本零士, Hepburn: Matsumoto Reiji; born Akira Matsumoto (松本晟); January 25, 1938 – February 13, 2023) was a Japanese manga artist, and creator of several anime and manga series. His widow Miyako Maki is also a manga artist.

Matsumoto was famous for his works such as Space Battleship Yamato, Space Pirate Captain Harlock, and Galaxy Express 999. His style was characterized by mythological and often tragic storylines with strong moral themes, noble heroes, feminine heroines, and a love of strange worlds and melancholic atmosphere.
Ophelia Tsui
Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui (Chinese: 徐崑翠, born 1967) is a Chinese physicist who studies experimental polymer science, particularly focusing on the physical properties and glass transition behavior of thin films of polymers, and their study using atomic force microscopy and dielectric spectroscopy. She is a professor of physics at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, where she directs the William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology.

Atomic force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.
Marsicano
Marsicano is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Marsicano (1952–2013), Brazilian musician, translator, writer, philosopher and professor

Merle Marsicano (1903–1983), American dancer and choreographer

Michael Marsicano (born 1956), American entrepreneur, President and CEO of Foundation For The Carolinas

Nicholas Marsicano (1908–1991), American painter and university teacher

Trevor Marsicano (born 1989), American speed skater and Olympian

Claudia Marsicano (born 1992), Italian actress

Trevor Marsicano
Trevor Marsicano (born April 5, 1989) is an American speed skater and silver medalist in the Winter Olympics.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Marsicano won a silver medal for his part in the team pursuit.  He did not skate in the final but did skate in the quarterfinals with Chad Hedrick and Jonathan Kuck.

Marsicano's breakthrough performance was at the 2009 World Single Distance Championships where he won four medals (one gold, one silver, two bronze).  Overall, Marsicano has won two golds, one silver, and two bronze at the World Championships.  Marsicano has also won the overall bronze at the World Junior Championships.
Edo Peročević
Eduard "Edo" Peročević (3 December 1937 in Sarajevo – 28 April 2007 in Zagreb) was a Croatian actor, best known for the role of the ticket collector in the 1976 children's film Vlak u snijegu.

Peročević was also known for his distinct voice, which helped him establish a successful career as a radio announcer.

Vlak u snijegu
Vlak u snijegu (English: A Train in the Snow),  first called Djeca Velikog Sela --"The children of Veliko Selo") is a children's novel written by Croatian novelist Mato Lovrak (1899–1974), then a young schoolteacher inspired by actual events, in 1931.

Vlak u snijegu has been translated into German, Hungarian, Polish, Macedonian, Czech and Slovenian.
Dichotomous preferences
In economics, dichotomous preferences (DP) are preference relations that divide the set of alternatives to two subsets, "Good" and "Bad".

From ordinal utility perspective, DP means that for every two alternatives :: 292

From cardinal utility perspective, DP means that for each agent, there are two utility levels: low and high, and for every alternative :

A common way to let people express dichotomous preferences is using approval ballots, in which each voter can either "approve" or "reject" each alternative.

Symmetry (social choice)
In economics and social choice, a function satisfies symmetry, neutrality, or anonymity if the rule does not discriminate between different participants ahead of time. For example, in an election, a voter-anonymous function is one where it does not matter who casts which vote, i.e. all voters' ballots are equal ahead of time. Formally, this is defined by saying the rule returns the same outcome (whatever this may be) if the votes are "relabeled" arbitrarily, e.g. by swapping votes #1 and #2. Similarly, outcome-neutrality says the rule does not discriminate between different outcomes (e.g. candidates) ahead of time. Formally, if the labels assigned to each outcome are permuted arbitrarily, the returned result is permuted in the same way.

Some authors reserve the term anonymity for agent symmetry and neutrality for outcome-symmetry, but this pattern is not perfectly consistent.: 75
2009 Mamaia Challenger – Doubles
Florin Mergea and Horia Tecău were the defending champions. Tecău didn't start this year.
Mergea partnered up with Adrian Cruciat. They reached the final, where they lost to Adrián García and David Marrero.

Florin Mergea
Florin Mergea (Romanian pronunciation: [floˈrin ˈmerdʒe̯a]; born 26 January 1985) is a Romanian former professional tennis player. As a doubles specialist, he has reached the final of the ATP World Tour Finals in 2015 and won an ATP Masters title at the Mutua Madrid Open earlier that year. He achieved a career-high ATP ranking of World No. 7 in doubles (July 2015) and World No. 243 in singles (May 2005).
Culture of Nicaragua
Culture of Nicaragua is a fusion of Mesoamerican, Chibcha, and Spanish influence. The western part was colonized by the Spanish and its culture is similar to western El Salvador in that western Nicaragua was dominated by the Nahua people, specifically the Nicarao, a branch of the Pipil people. Nahua heritage can still be seen in Nicaraguan culture especially in its cuisines, the etymologies of many of its place names, and even DNA analysis. While western Nicaragua is mostly Indigenous of Nahua or Oto-manguean origin, eastern Nicaragua is mostly of Chibcha, Miskito, and African origin.

The northern region, however, is inhabited by Indigenous people and descendants of Europeans, mostly of German and Spanish descent.

Pipil people
The Pipil or Náhuat are an indigenous group of Mesoamerican people inhabiting the western and central areas of present-day El Salvador. They are a subgroup of the larger Nahua ethnic group, and are closely related to the Nicarao people of Nicaragua. They speak the Nawat language, which is a closely related but distinct language from the Nahuatl of Central Mexico. There are very few speakers of Nawat left, but there are efforts being made to revitalize it.

At the time of the Spanish conquest, the Pipil were largely concentrated in Cuzcatlan, covering most of western El Salvador. Pipil populations were also present in Guatemala, and likely in various parts of Honduras. The Nawat language has already gone extinct in Guatemala and Honduras, but there is a small population of acculturated Nahuas in the Olancho Department of eastern Honduras.

Their cosmology is related to that of the Toltec, Maya and Lenca.
Takero Doi
Takero Doi (土居 丈朗, Doi Takerō; born August 17, 1970 in Nara, Nara) is a Japanese economist.  Doi received his B.A. degree from Osaka University in 1993 and Ph.D. degree from the University of Tokyo in 1999. He has served as a professor of economics at Keio University since 2009.

In 2007, Doi was awarded the Fiftieth Nikkei Prize for Excellent Books in Economic Science, Japan Center for Economic Research, and the Twenty-ninth Suntory Prize for Social Sciences, Suntory Foundation.

Nara (city)
Nara (奈良市, Nara-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.ɕi] ⓘ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 2022, Nara has an estimated population of 367,353 according to World Population Review, making it the largest city in Nara Prefecture and sixth-largest in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara is a core city located in the northern part of Nara Prefecture bordering the Kyoto Prefecture.

Nara was the capital of Japan during the Nara period from 710 to 784 as the seat of the Emperor before the capital was moved to Nagaoka-kyō, except for the years 740 to 745, when the capital was placed in Kuni-kyō, Naniwa-kyō and Shigaraki Palace. Nara is home to eight major historic temples, shrines, and heritage sites, specifically Tōdai-ji, Saidai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Kasuga Shrine, Gangō-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, and the Heijō Palace, together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest, collectively form the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Biedaszki, Węgorzewo County
Biedaszki [bjɛˈdaʂki] (German: Biedaschken) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Węgorzewo, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is located in the region of Masuria, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Masuria
Masuria (Polish: Mazury [maˈzurɨ] ⓘ; Masurian: Mazurÿ; German: Masuren [maˈzuːʁən] ⓘ) is an ethnographic and geographic region in northern and northeastern Poland, known for its 2,000 lakes. Masuria occupies much of the Masurian Lake District. Administratively, it is part of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship (administrative area/province). Its biggest city, often regarded as its capital, is Ełk. The region covers a territory of some 10,000 km2 which approximately 500,000 people inhabit.

Masuria is bordered by Warmia, Powiśle and Chełmno Land in the west, Mazovia in the south, Podlachia and Suwałki Region in the east, and Lithuania Minor in the north.