hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polikarpov TIS
The Polikarpov TIS was a heavily armed Soviet heavy fighter designed during the early 1940s. Competing contemporaneous designs in the USSR included the Grushin Gr-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich DIS and Tairov Ta-3.

Only two prototypes were built because its intended engines proved to be too unreliable to be placed into production and the engines' manufacturer lacked the resources to fix the problems.

The second prototype crashed in September 1944 and the program was canceled after the death of Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov, the chief designer of his eponymous OKB, earlier that year.

Nikolai Polikarpov
Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Полика́рпов; 9 June [O.S. 28 May] 1892 – 30 July 1944) was a Soviet aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer, known as the "King of Fighters". He designed the I-15 series of fighters, and the I-16 Ishak (Russian: ишак, lit. 'donkey' phonetically close to its Russian: И-16 or Russian: И-шестнадцать, romanized: I-shestnadtsat', lit. 'I-sixteen' designation) "Little Donkey" fighter.
Jason Moyo
Jason Ziyaphapha Moyo (1927–1977) was the founder of the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA).

Moyo was born in Plumtree to a Kalanga family. Having trained as a builder, he became interested in trade unionism in Bulawayo in the early 1950s and became general secretary of the African Artisans’ Union. He joined the Bulawayo branch of the African National Congress (ANC) and became successively its secretary and its chairman.

The JZ Moyo High School was named after him. A major road in Harare, Zimbabwe, Jason Moyo Avenue, is named after him.

Plumtree, Zimbabwe
Plumtree is a town in Zimbabwe. Marula trees, wild plum trees (Ntungulu in tjiKalanga) grow abundantly in the area. The town was once called Getjenge by baKalanga. It is also often called Titji, meaning station, and referring to the railway station which was operating in the area around 1897.
2002–03 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team
The 2002–03 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team represented the University of Oklahoma as a member of the Big 12 Conference during the 2002–03 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Kelvin Sampson and played its home games in the Lloyd Noble Center. With high expectations entering the season, Oklahoma finished third in the Big 12 regular season standings behind Kansas and Texas. The Sooners won the Big 12 Conference tournament to earn the conference's automatic bid and a No. 1 seed in the NCAA tournament. After reaching the Elite Eight by beating South Carolina State, California, and Butler, the Sooners fell to No. 3 seed and eventual National champion Syracuse in the regional final to finish the season 27–7 (12–4 Big 12).

2002–03 California Golden Bears men's basketball team
The 2002–03 California Golden Bears men's basketball team represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 2002–03 season.

Led by head coach Ben Braun, the Bears finished the regular season with a 13–5 record in the Pac-10, placing them in third. The Bears would receive an at-large bid into the NCAA tournament where they defeated NC State before falling to Oklahoma in the second round. The team finished the season with an overall record of 22–9.
Connection pool
In software engineering, a connection pool is a cache of reusable database connections managed by the client or middleware. It reduces the overhead of opening and closing connections, improving performance and scalability in database applications.

SQL databases typically use stateful, binary protocols that maintain session-specific information, such as transaction states and prepared statements, necessitating optimized connection pooling to minimize the overhead of repeatedly establishing connections. Conversely, many mainstream NoSQL databases, like Azure Cosmos DB and Amazon DynamoDB, utilize stateless, HTTP-based protocols that handle each request independently. This architecture often reduces the need for traditional connection pooling, though reusing established connections can still offer performance benefits in high-throughput scenarios by avoiding the overhead of connection creation.

Middleware
Middleware is a type of computer software program that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system. It can be described as "software glue".

Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement communication and input/output, so they can focus on the specific purpose of their application. It gained popularity in the 1980s as a solution to the problem of how to link newer applications to older legacy systems, although the term had been in use since 1968.
Grönwalls
Grönwalls is a dansband from Hässleholm in Sweden. The band won the Swedish dansband championships in Sunne in August 1992. Famous hit songs include Du ringde från Flen from 1993 and Ett liv tillsammans, written by Calle Kindbom and Peo Pettersson, topping Svensktoppen in 1995, as well as Regn i mitt hjärta from 1996.

Several band members also participated in the side project Grönrock, which in mid 2008 played with Dan Hylander. In October 2008, the band announced a break from New Year 2008-2009.

In November–December 2009, the band announced its comeback.

Svensktoppen
Svensktoppen (Swedish: [ˈsvɛ̂nːskˌtɔpːɛn]) is a weekly record chart airing on Sveriges Radio. Until January 2003, the songs had to be in the Swedish language. Svensktoppen has aired since 1962, except for the years 1982–1985. In the years leading up to the January 2003 change, the programme was strongly dominated by dansband music.

The first number-one hit song was "Midnattstango" performed by Swedish crooner Lars Lönndahl.

New rules on 17 January 2016 restricted the maximum length for a song to chart to one year.
Nick Pesch
Nick Pesch (born 25 June 1974) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played with the Adelaide Football Club and the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Pesch, who played in the 1993 Woodville-West Torrens SANFL premiership team, made his AFL debut late in the 1994 AFL season and put together regular games in 1995, appearing 15 times. During the 1995 season he kicked four goals in a match against Geelong. A rover, he was traded to Melbourne for Clay Sampson after struggling to have an impact in 1996. After one year at Melbourne, Pesch returned to Woodville-West Torrens and won their 'Best and Fairest' award in 1998. He is a member of the Woodville-West Torrens official 'Team of the Decade', on the interchange bench.

Woodville-West Torrens Football Club
Woodville-West Torrens Football Club is an Australian rules football club playing in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). The club was formed in 1990 from a merger of the neighbouring Woodville and West Torrens football clubs and played its inaugural game in 1991.  Since 1993, the Eagles have played most of their home games at Woodville's home ground of Woodville Oval, having previously used Football Park.
Goodrich (1799 schooner)
Goodrich (or Goodrick) was a schooner launched in Liverpool in 1799. Between 1799 and 1807, she made seven voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people, two of them while being owned by Americans. After the Slave Trade Act 1807 ended the British slave trade she became a merchantman sailing from Guernsey. A French privateer captured her in July 1808.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Guan Jing
Guan Jing (died 199), courtesy name Shiqi, was an official serving under the warlord Gongsun Zan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. In 198, during Yuan Shao's invasion in the Battle of Yijing, Gongsun Zan wished to ride out and cut off Yuan Shao's rear, but Guan Jing recommended against this action, and for Gongsun Zan to stay within the city of Yijing. In 199, Yuan Shao tricked and ambushed Gongsun Zan as the latter rode out, expecting to meet reinforcements from Gongsun Zan's son Gongsun Xu and Zhang Yan. After this defeat, Gongsun Zan committed suicide by self-immolation. Guan Jing expressed regret that he could not convince Gongsun Zan to stay in the end, and rode into the army of Yuan Shao and died.

Self-immolation
Self-immolation is the act of setting oneself on fire. It is mostly done for political or religious reasons, often as a form of protest or in acts of martyrdom, and known for its disturbing and violent nature.
Wallon
Wallon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henri-Alexandre Wallon (1812–1904), French historian and statesman

Henri Wallon (psychologist) (1879–1962), French psychologist and grandson of Henri-Alexandre Wallon

Henri Wallon (psychologist)
Henri Paul Hyacinthe Wallon (March 15, 1879 – December 1, 1962) was a French philosopher, psychologist (in the field of social psychology), neuropsychiatrist, teacher, and politician. He was the grandson of the historian and statesman Henri-Alexandre Wallon.
David G. Kirkpatrick
David Galer Kirkpatrick is a Professor Emeritus of computer science at the University of British Columbia.  He is known for the Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm and his work on polygon triangulation, and for co-inventing α-shapes and the β-skeleton. He received his PhD from the University of Toronto in 1974.

Beta skeleton
In computational geometry and geometric graph theory, a β-skeleton or beta skeleton is an undirected graph defined from a set of points in the Euclidean plane. Two points p and q are connected by an edge whenever all the angles prq are sharper than a threshold determined from the numerical parameter β.
The Human Animal (TV series)
The Human Animal: A Personal View of the Human Species is a British nature documentary series written and presented by English zoologist Desmond Morris, first transmitted on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 27 July to 31 August 1994. It was co-produced in association with Discovery Communications (later Warner Bros. Discovery) in the United States, as well as several public broadcasters include: ORF in Austria, various ARD networks (MDR, SFB and WDR) in Germany, and Teleac in the Netherlands.

The series was later repeated on BBC Knowledge between 29 November 2000 and 31 January 2002 – with the exception of its controversial fourth episode due to various erotic scenes with sexually explicit material.

Warner Bros. Discovery
Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. (WBD) is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It was formed from WarnerMedia's spin-off by AT&T and merger with Discovery, Inc. on April 8, 2022.

Warner Bros. Discovery operates via two divisions: Streaming & Studios (S&S) and Global Linear Networks (GLN). S&S includes the flagship Warner Bros. studios, HBO, DC Entertainment, and the Warner Bros. Discovery's streaming services. GLN largely includes advertising-supported cable networks. Those networks were inherited from its predecessors Discovery (such as Discovery Channel among others), Scripps Networks Interactive (such as HGTV among others), and Turner Broadcasting System (such as Cartoon Network, Boomerang, CNN, TBS, and TNT). Warner Bros. Discovery International is also included in the division, which manages broadcasting operations outside of the United States.
Aryktakh
Aryktakh (Russian: Арыктах; Yakut: Арыктаах, Arıktaax) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aryktakhsky Rural Okrug of Kobyaysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 215 kilometers (134 mi) from Sangar, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 286; up from 275 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Kobyaysky District
Kobyaysky District (Russian: Кобяйский улу́с; Yakut: Кэбээйи улууһа, Kebeeyi uluuha, [kebeːji uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic on the Vilyuy River, 334 kilometers (208 mi) by road north of the republic's capital of Yakutsk.  The area of the district is 107,800 square kilometers (41,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Sangar. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 13,680, with the population of Sangar accounting for 32.0% of that number.
Military districts of the Russian Empire
In the Imperial Russian Army, a military district (Russian: вое́нный о́круг, voyenny okrug) was a territorial association of military units, formations, military schools, and various local military establishments.  This territorial division type was utilized to provide a more efficient management of army units, their training and other operations activities related to combat readiness.

Combat readiness
Combat readiness is a condition of the armed forces and their constituent units and formations, warships, aircraft, weapon systems or other military technology and equipment to perform during combat military operations, or functions consistent with the purpose for which they are organized or designed, or the managing of resources and personnel training in preparation for combat.

Different armed forces maintain different levels of readiness for the troops to engage in combat, varying from minutes to months; economic considerations are a major factor in explaining the variation.
R235 road (Ireland)
The R235 road is a regional road in Ireland, located in east County Donegal. It runs from Castlefin to the border. On the Northern Ireland side, it continues as the B50 road to Castlederg, County Tyrone.

Castlefin
Castlefin (Irish: Caisleán na Finne, meaning 'castle of the (river) Finn'), sometimes spelt Castlefinn, is a market town and townland in the Finn Valley of County Donegal, Ireland. It is located between Stranorlar and Lifford in East Donegal. As of 2022, the population was 730. The River Finn flows by the town. The town is located in along the main N15 national primary road, which runs from Bundoran to Lifford. The town lies 6 miles from Lifford and 8 miles from the twin towns of Ballybofey and Stranorlar. It has close links to Letterkenny, to the twin towns of Ballybofey and Stranorlar, and to West Tyrone in Northern Ireland, especially with the towns of Strabane and Castlederg.
Karlheinz Oswald
Karlheinz Oswald (born 1958) is a German sculptor known for his portraits and cast iron sculptures, many of dancers, often displayed in public places. He studied at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz from 1981, and between 1983 and 1988 worked in Thomas Duttenhoefer's studio in Wiesbaden. Oswald began to produce his first sculptures of dancers in 1988, and the following year his first stained glass windows were displayed at the International Sculpture Symposium in Dreieich. He has operated his own workshop since 1989. In 1991 he won the Sports Toto prize including a trip to New York where he studied movements of dancers at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. He collaborated from 1996 with dancers of the Deutsche Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin, who inspired his sculptures.

Among Oswald's other work is a figure of Christ in the Mainz Cathedral and a life-sized steel sculpture of the martyr Georg Häfner in Würzburg.

Georg Häfner
Joseph Georg Simon Häfner (19 October 1900, Würzburg – 20 August 1942, Dachau Concentration Camp) was a German Roman Catholic priest and martyr from the Diocese of Würzburg. On 15 May 2011 he was beatified in Würzburg Cathedral.
Law of Cambodia
The law of Cambodia refers to the legal system of the judiciary of Cambodia, which is primarily based on legal codes and statutes, with precedents and local custom also playing an important role. Cambodia has a civil law legal system with legal codes, which were greatly influenced by France, to a lesser extent by Japan, and also adapted to Cambodian circumstances. The Constitution of Cambodia enacted with the restoration of Monarchy in 1993 and it is the supreme law in Cambodia. An independent judiciary has the power to review laws and government acts for constitutionality.

Constituent Assembly of Cambodia
The Cambodian Constituent Assembly (Khmer: សភារដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញកម្ពុជា)  was a body elected in 1993 to draft a constitution for Cambodia as provided in the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements. The writing of the Cambodian Constitution took place between June and September 1993 and it resulted in the transformation of the political situation of Cambodia from civil-war-marred, autocratic oligarchy to a constitutional monarchy. Achieved under the guidance, auspices and funding of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), the drafting of the constitution was the culmination of a larger, $1.6 billion effort to end the decades-old country's civil wars and bring the warring parties into political, rather than military competition.   The result of the process was the creation of a constitution for Cambodia that, at least on paper, guarantees free political competition, regular elections, equal rights and representation and universal suffrage.
S-PLUS
S-PLUS is a commercial implementation of the S programming language sold by TIBCO Software Inc.

It features object-oriented programming capabilities and advanced analytical algorithms. Its statistical analysis capabilities are commonly used by econometricians. The S-PLUS FinMetrics software package was developed for econometric time series analysis.

Due to the increasing popularity of the open source S successor R, TIBCO Software released the TIBCO Enterprise Runtime for R (TERR) as an alternative R interpreter. It is available on Windows and UNIX operating systems.

TIBCO Software
TIBCO Software Inc. is a business unit of Cloud Software Group that provides enterprise software. It has headquarters in Palo Alto and offices in North America, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and South America.
Frances Tarbox
Frances Tarbox (February 4, 1874 – October 23, 1959) was an American composer and pianist who wrote one opera and several songs. Her name is sometimes seen as Frances Tarbos.

Tarbox was born in St. Paul, Minnesota to Emma and Jasper Billings Tarbox. She studied music in Paris and with Edward MacDowell. She lived in New York City from at least 1910 until her death. Baritone Louis Graveure performed her best-known song "The Joy of a Rose" frequently in his recitals.

Tarbox's music was published by Carl Fischer. In addition to an opera (title unknown), her compositions included:

Carl Fischer Music
Carl Fischer Music is an American sheet music publisher. It was founded in 1872 in the East Village neighborhood of New York City as a musical instrument repair shop. Except for a brief period in the early 1930s, it has always been the family-owned business of the Fischer-Connor family. They publish both performance and educational music for students, teachers, and virtuosos.
Behula railway station
Behula railway station is a railway station on the Bandel–Katwa line connecting from Bandel to Katwa, and under the jurisdiction of the Howrah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Kalna Road, Behula, Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Number of EMU local and passenger trains stop at Behula railway station.

Bandel–Katwa line
The Bandel–Katwa line is a 104 kilometres (65 mi) long railway line connecting Bandel in Hooghly district and Katwa in Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. It is a major route for North bound trains from Howrah and forms a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.
Gyula Szabó
Gyula Szabó (15 July 1930 – 4 April 2014) was a Hungarian actor. He won two Mari Jászai Prizes. He appeared in forty movies between 1953 and 2002. He is best known for appearing in movies such as Ifjú szívvel (1953), Kiskrajcár (1953), Egy pikoló világos (1955), A tizedes meg a többiek (1965) and Defekt (1977). He was the Hungarian voice of the eponymous American television character Columbo and the narrator of the Hungarian Folktales animated television series. He was born in Kunszentmárton, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County.

Szabó died on 4 April 2014 at the age of 83.

A Glass of Beer
A Glass of Beer (Hungarian: Egy pikoló világos) is a 1955 Hungarian comedy film directed by Félix Máriássy and starring Éva Ruttkai, Tibor Bitskey and Elma Bulla. It is also known as A Half Pint of Beer.
Dalian Port (PDA) Company
Liaoning Port Co., Ltd. (SEHK: 2880) is the port operator of the Port of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning, China. It provides container loading and discharging services, storage services for crude oil, refined oil and liquefied chemicals, container logistics services and the operation of container depots, warehouses, shipping agencies and cargo forwarders, and a bonded logistics park.

The company was established in 2005. It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2006 with its IPO price of HK$2.575 per share. It received the retail portion of its IPO with 851 times oversubscribed and the institutional tranche with 90 times oversubscribed.

Freight transport
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commercial products and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.
Methanandamide
Methanandamide (AM-356) is a synthetically created stable chiral analog of anandamide.  Its effects have been observed to act on the cannabinoid receptors (specifically on CB1 receptors, which are part of the central nervous system) found in different organisms such as mammals, fish, and certain invertebrates (e.g. Hydra).

Hydra (genus)
Hydra (/ˈhaɪdrə/ HY-drə) is a genus of small freshwater hydrozoans in the phylum Cnidaria. They are solitary, carnivorous jellyfish-like animals, native to the temperate and tropical regions. The genus was named by Linnaeus in 1758 after the Hydra, the mythical many-headed beast that was defeated by Heracles, as when the animal has a part severed, it will regenerate much like the mythical Hydra's heads. Biologists are especially interested in Hydra because of their regenerative ability; they do not appear to die of old age, or to age at all.
Galluzzo
Galluzzo is part of quartiere 3 of the Italian city of Florence, Italy, located in the southern extremity of the Florentine commune. It is known for the celebrated Carthusian monastery, the Galluzzo or Florence Charterhouse (Certosa di Firenze or Certosa del Galluzzo), which was founded in 1342 by Niccolò Acciaioli.

Bagno a Ripoli
Bagno a Ripoli is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 7 kilometres (4 mi) southeast of Florence.

The International School of Florence has its primary school campus in the comune.
U.S. Route 169 in Missouri
U.S. Route 169 (US 169) is a U.S. Highway that travels from Tulsa, Oklahoma to Virginia, Minnesota. In the state of Missouri, US 169 enters the state from Kansas overlapped with I-70 / US 24 / US 40 at Kansas City and exits the state into Iowa north of Irena.

Virginia, Minnesota
Virginia is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. With an economy heavily reliant on large-scale iron ore mining, Virginia is considered the Mesabi Iron Range's commercial center. The population was 8,421 at the 2020 census. Virginia is a part of the Duluth metropolitan area, and U.S. Highway 53 runs through town.