hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grafton, Illinois
Grafton is the oldest city in Jersey County, Illinois, United States. It is located near the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 626.

Grafton is a part of the Metro-East region and Greater St. Louis.

St. Charles County, Missouri
St. Charles County is located in the central eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 405,262, making it Missouri's third-most populous county. Its county seat is St. Charles. The county was organized October 1, 1812, and named for Saint Charles Borromeo, an Italian cardinal.

St. Charles County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains many of the city's northwestern suburbs. The wealthiest county in Missouri, St. Charles County is one of the nation's fastest-growing counties.

St. Charles County includes a part of the Augusta AVA, an area of vineyards and wineries designated by the federal government in 1980 as the first American Viticultural Area. The county's rural outer edge along the south-facing bluffs above the Missouri River, is also part of the broader Missouri Rhineland.
Don gudgeon
The Don gudgeon (Gobio brevicirris) is a species of gudgeon, a small freshwater fish in the family Gobionidae. It is widespread in Europe in the Don River system in Russia and Ukraine. It is a freshwater demersal fish, up to 10 cm long.

Gobionidae
Gobionidae is a monophyletic family of Eurasian cyprinoid fishes. This is a species rich clade which, as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae was divided into five tribes: Gobionini, Pseudogobionini, Hemibarbini, Coreiini, and Sarcocheilichthyini. These subdivisions are not recognised by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.

To adapt to different masticatory operations, members of the Gobioninae developed various types of pharyngeal bones and teeth; some have intermediate pharyngeal bones with rows of diverse teeth (conical,  compressed, and coarsely compressed), others have broad pharyngeal bones with a single row of molar teeth. Some Gobioninae have narrow pharyngeal bones with a row of extremely compressed teeth.
World War II US Navy dazzle camouflage measures 31, 32 and 33: cruisers
Dazzle camouflage of warships was adopted by the U.S. Navy during World War II, following research at the Naval Research Laboratory. Dazzle consists in painting obtrusive patterns on vertical surfaces. Unlike some other forms of camouflage, dazzle works not by offering concealment but by making it difficult to estimate a target's range, speed and heading. Each ship's dazzle pattern was unique to make it more difficult for the enemy to recognize different classes of ships. The result was that a profusion of dazzle schemes were tried, and the evidence for their success was at best mixed.

Dazzle camouflage patterns used on cruisers are presented here. Patterns designed for cruisers were suffixed with the letter C, but many cruisers were painted in adapted patterns originally designed for other ship types (A for aircraft carriers, D for destroyers etc.)

United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. Located in Washington, DC, it was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.

As of 2016, NRL was a Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL's research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year.
Arias with a Twist
Arias with a Twist is a 2008 American collaborative play created by drag queen Joey Arias and puppeteer Basil Twist. It premiered on June 12, 2008 at the HERE Arts Center in the Dorothy B. Williams Theatre. Although the play is performed as a one man show starring Arias, it also features the work of six nearly invisible puppeteers who manipulate traditional marionettes, hand puppets, and the scenic elements. It has been nominated for the 2009 Drama Desk Award for Unique Theatrical Experience.

Drama Desk Award for Unique Theatrical Experience
The Drama Desk Award for Unique Theatrical Experience is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City.

The category was first presented at the 1975 ceremony. Due to their unusual nature, these productions cannot be categorized in the regular plays or musicals categories.
Margaret Jessee
Margaret Jessee Warren (Sacramento, California, 9 November 1921 – St. Helena, California, 27 July 2001) was an American tennis player and a Napa Valley vintner.

In 1938, Jessee won the National 18 and Under doubles title and reached the final in singles, and reached the singles final at Cincinnati, before falling to Virginia Hollinger, 6–2, 6–3.  She also won two California State singles titles and two State doubles titles during her career.

Jessee graduated from the University of California at Berkeley in 1943 and married James Cleveland Warren, oldest son of then-California Governor Earl Warren and later Supreme Court justice. In 1989, her children established a tennis scholarship in her name at UC Berkeley.

St. Helena, California
St. Helena (/həˈliːnə/ hə-LEE-nə) is a city in Napa County, California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the population was 5,430 at the 2020 census.

St. Helena is a popular tourist destination, owing to its vineyards and culinary scene. The city is the center of St. Helena American Viticultural Area (AVA), which expands 9,060 acres (14 sq mi) of the Napa Valley with over 400 vineyards encompassing 6,800 acres (2,800 ha) of cultivation. St. Helena is the location of The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone and a campus of Napa Valley College.
Delaware Bank
The Delaware Bank is an area of shallow water 20 miles off Galera Point on the east coast of Trinidad to the south of Tobago.: 20  The seafloor comes to within six fathoms (11 meters) of the surface, making the bank a hazard for shipping.

Tobago
Tobago, officially the Ward of Tobago, is an island and ward in Trinidad and Tobago. It is 35 kilometres (20 nautical miles) northeast of the larger island of Trinidad and about 160 kilometres (85 nautical miles) off Venezuela's northeastern coast. It is southeast of Grenada and southwest of Barbados.
Air Command Commander Tandem
The Air Command Commander Tandem is an American autogyro that was designed and produced by Air Command International of Wylie, Texas. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The design was later developed into the longer-landing gear equipped and heavier gross weight Air Command Tandem that remained in production in 2014.

Wylie, Texas
Wylie is a city and northeastern suburb of Dallas, that was once solely located in Collin County, but now extends into neighboring Dallas and Rockwall counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located on State Route 78 about 24 miles (39 km) northeast of central Dallas and centrally located between nearby Lavon Lake and Lake Ray Hubbard.

As of the 2020 census, Wylie had a population of 57,526.
Sir George Reeve, 1st Baronet
Sir George Reeve, 1st Baronet (c. 1618 - October 1678) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  from  1660 to 1678.

Reeve was elected in 1660 as MP for Eye in the Convention Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Eye in 1661 to the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death in 1678. He came from a Royalist family and was generally supportive of the royal court in Parliament. He was created baronet of Thwaite in the County of Suffolk on 22 January 1663. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son.

Cavalier Parliament
The Cavalier Parliament of England lasted from 8 May 1661 until 24 January 1679. With the exception of the Long Parliament, it was the longest-lasting English Parliament, and longer than any Great British or UK Parliament to date, enduring for nearly 18 years of the quarter-century reign of Charles II of England. Like its predecessor, the Convention Parliament, it was overwhelmingly Royalist, composed mostly of Cavaliers (as opposed to the Roundheads), and is also known as the Pensioner Parliament for the many pensions it granted to adherents of the King.
Lepismatidae
Lepismatidae is a family of primitive wingless insects with about 340 described species. This family contains the two most familiar members of the order Zygentoma: the silverfish (Lepisma saccharinum) and the firebrat (Thermobia domestica). It is one of five families in the order Zygentoma.

Lepismatids are elongated, flattened insects, the majority of which are scavengers. The abdomen is usually clothed in tiny scales and terminates with three "tails" of roughly equal length. The compound eyes are small and well separated.

They typically live in warm, damp environments, including indoors. They avoid light.

Scale (zoology)
In zoology, a scale (Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized: lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate made out of keratin that grows out of vertebrate animals' skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans (butterflies and moths), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, made out of chitin instead of keratin, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, with varying structure and function.

Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to the shape and class of an animal.
Alan Marks
Alan Marks (London, 1957) is an English artist and illustrator.

Marks studied at the Medway College of Art and design from 1976 to 1977, and at the Bath Academy of Art from 1977 to 1980. He briefly taught at the Bath Academy and at Southampton Art College. Since then, he has worked in magazines before turning to illustrating children's books. He is praised for his "warm, attractive pictures," and for his use of watercolor. He has illustrated books for many children's authors, including Kevin Crossley-Holland and Jane Goodall.

Bath School of Art and Design
Bath School of Art and Design is an art college in Bath, England, now known separately as the Bath School of Art and the Bath School of Design. It forms part of the Bath Spa University whose main campus is located a few miles from the City at Newton Park, between Newton St Loe and Corston, in North Somerset, just outside the city of Bath. Bath School of Art is based at the new, award-winning Locksbrook Campus, on the river Avon, in the west of the city. Bath School of Design is spread across Locksbrook and Sion Hill Campuses. The present Heads of School are Dan Allen (School of Art) and Kerry Curtis (School of Design).
Proenza
Proenza is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Proenza, an American meteorologist

Luis M. Proenza (born 1944), an American university president

Reynaldo Proenza (born 1984), a Cuban shot putter

Bill Proenza
Xavier William Proenza was the Southern Region Director of the United States National Weather Service from 1999 to 2007 and 2007–2013. He was also previously the director of the National Hurricane Center (NHC) from January 4, 2007 to July 9, 2007.
El Rosario, Nicaragua
El Rosario (Spanish pronunciation: [el roˈsaɾjo]) is a municipality in the Carazo department of Nicaragua.

It is unrelated to Nicaragua’s waterfall of the same name, which is located much farther north in the country: specifically, in the Nueva Segovia Department. The El Rosario Waterfall, also called El Rosario Falls, is considered one of Nicaragua’s major landmarks.

This is in contrast to the town El Rosario. With just over 5,000 residents, El Rosario is little-known outside of Carazo.

more info in https://web.archive.org/web/20080418080254/http://elrosariocarazo.com/

Municipalities of Nicaragua
The 15 departments and 2 autonomous regions of Nicaragua are divided into 153 municipalities. The formation and dissolution of municipalities is governed by the Law of Municipalities (in Spanish: Ley No.40 - Ley de Municipalidades), drafted and approved by the National Assembly on July 2. 1988.

The municipalities are responsible for planning and urban development, collection of municipal taxes, maintenance of public utilities and other services, such as parks, sewerage and public cemeteries. Whilst municipal governments may not be responsible for large highways, small roads and tracks usually come under their control. Additionally, municipal governments may issue permits for the operation of urban and intermunicipal bus services.

Other functions of municipal governments include the establishment of libraries, museums, municipal bands, zoos, the promotion of traditional and folklore festivals and various activities promoting education, culture, sports and tourism in the municipality.
Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson
Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson is a 1976 revisionist Western film directed by Robert Altman and based on the 1968 play Indians by Arthur Kopit. It stars Paul Newman as William F. Cody, alias Buffalo Bill, along with Geraldine Chaplin, Will Sampson, Joel Grey, Harvey Keitel, and Burt Lancaster as Bill's biographer, Ned Buntline. It was filmed in Panavision by cinematographer Paul Lohmann.

As in his earlier film M*A*S*H, Altman skewers an American historical myth of heroism, in this case the notion that noble white men fighting bloodthirsty savages won the West. However, the film was poorly received at the time of its release, as the country was celebrating its bicentennial.

Panavision
Panavision Inc. is an American motion picture equipment company founded in 	1954 specializing in cameras and lenses, based in Woodland Hills, California. Formed by Robert Gottschalk as a small partnership to create anamorphic projection lenses during the widescreen boom in the 1950s, Panavision expanded its product lines to meet the demands of modern filmmakers. The company introduced its first products in 1954. Originally a provider of CinemaScope accessories, the company's line of anamorphic widescreen lenses soon became the industry leader. In 1972, Panavision helped revolutionize filmmaking with the lightweight Panaflex 35 mm movie camera. The company has introduced other cameras such as the Millennium XL (1999) and the digital video Genesis (2004).

Panavision operates exclusively as a rental facility—the company owns its entire camera inventory, unlike most of its competitors.
WQWK (FM)
WQWK (105.9 MHz) is an active rock FM radio station broadcasting in State College, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known as QWIK Rock. The station, owned by Jeffry and Mark Schlesinger, through licensee Schlesinger Communications, Inc., was founded by brothers C. Dean & Sheldon Sharpless, doing business as Moshannon Valley Broadcasting. The current incarnation was formed after WQWK abandoned its active rock format for talk radio in 2008. On April 21, 2023, the station recaptured the WQWK call sign after a shakeup in the market which made it available. WQWK's tower is located in Sandy Ridge, south of Philipsburg.

Philipsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania
Philipsburg is a borough in Centre County, Pennsylvania. It is located at 40°53′42″N 78°13′09″W﻿ / ﻿40.89500°N 78.21917°W﻿ / 40.89500; -78.21917 (40.895, -78.2193). It is part of the Moshannon Valley and State College, Pennsylvania metropolitan statistical area. The borough's population was 2,770 at the 2010 census.
Colin Wesley
Colin "Tich" Wesley (5 September 1937 – 5 March 2022) was a South African cricketer who played in three Test matches in 1960.

Wesley played first-class cricket for Natal from 1957 to 1966 as a middle-order batsman and left-arm spin bowler. He toured England with the South African team in 1960. His highest first-class score was 131, made after Natal followed on against the New Zealanders in 1961–62. His only century in the Currie Cup came in his last first-class season, when he captained Natal B against North Eastern Transvaal and made 120 in the first innings, the only century in the match.

He briefly returned to provincial cricket to captain the Natal team, which played under the name "C. Wesley's XI", in the first season of South Africa's domestic List A competition in 1969–70; they lost the final by two runs.

He owned Wesley's, a chain of tobacco stores in South Africa. He died at home in Johannesburg on 5 March 2022, at the age of 84.

CSA 4-Day Domestic Series
The CSA 4-Day Domestic Series is the domestic first class cricket competition of South Africa. The tournament is contested by teams from all nine provinces of South Africa.

First contested as the Currie Cup from 1889–90, the tournament has undergone many changes and modifications in its history. In 2004, the traditional province-based format was replaced, with many teams amalgamating. In its place, six entirely professional franchises were created that represented much larger population areas.

The competition underwent significant restructuring once again before the start of the 2021–22 season. The six-team franchise system was disbanded, and the tournament returned to its more traditional format. Fifteen province-based teams now compete across two divisions, determined by promotion and relegation.
Backpacker (magazine)
Backpacker is an American lifestyle magazine publication that features information on wilderness hiking and adventure. It has been published since 1973. Backpacker magazine is currently published by Outside and is based in Boulder, Colorado.

Originally started in Bedford Hills, New York, the magazine moved to Emmaus, Pennsylvania in the late 1980s and then to Boulder in August 2007.

Bedford Hills, New York
Bedford Hills is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Bedford, Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 3,001 at the 2010 census.  Two New York State prisons for women, Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women and Taconic Correctional Facility, are located in the hamlet.
Xincheng, Xi'an
Xincheng District (simplified Chinese: 新城区; traditional Chinese: 新城區; pinyin: Xīnchéng Qū; lit. 'new city') is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province, Northwest China. It includes the northwestern part of Xi'an's walled city, as well as a number of neighborhoods to the east and northeast. Xi'an railway station is within Xincheng District. The district borders the districts of Weiyang to the north, Baqiao to the east, Yanta to the south, Beilin to the southwest, and Lianhu to the west. Xincheng is also the seat of Shaanxi province.

Northwestern China
Northwestern China (Chinese: 中国西北地区) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.

The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant ethnic minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road.
Martin John Spalding
Martin John Spalding (May 23, 1810 – February 7, 1872) was an American Catholic prelate who served as archbishop of Baltimore from 1864 to 1872. He previously served as bishop of Louisville from 1850 to 1864. He advocated aid for freed slaves following the American Civil War. Spalding attended the First Vatican Council, where he first opposed, and then supported, a dogmatic proclamation of papal infallibility.

L'Osservatore Romano
L'Osservatore Romano is the daily newspaper of Vatican City which reports on the activities of the Holy See and events taking place in the Catholic Church and the world. It is owned by the Holy See but is not an official publication, a role reserved for the Acta Apostolicae Sedis, which acts as a government gazette. The views expressed in the Osservatore are those of individual authors unless they appear under the specific titles "Nostre Informazioni" or "Santa Sede".

Available in nine languages, the paper prints two Latin mottos under the masthead of each edition: Unicuique suum ('To each his own') and Non praevalebunt ('[The gates of Hell] shall not prevail'). The current editor-in-chief is Andrea Monda.
Buck Holliday
Sterling "Buck" Holliday (October 24, 1929 – October 21, 1999) was a pioneering American Modified racing driver from Waddington, New York.  Equally adept on both dirt and asphalt surfaces, he competed successfully at race venues on either side of the St. Lawrence River.

Modified racing
Modified stock car racing, also known as modified racing and modified, is a type of auto racing that involves purpose-built cars simultaneously racing against each other on oval tracks. First established in the United States after World War II, this type of racing was early-on characterized by its participants' modification of passenger cars in pursuit of higher speeds, hence the name.

There are many sanctioning bodies for modifieds, each specifying different body styles and engine sizes.
2011 Vodacom Cup
The 2011 Vodacom Cup was contested from 25 February to 13 May 2011. The tournament was the 14th edition of the Vodacom Cup, an annual domestic South African rugby union competition, and was played between the fourteen provincial teams in South Africa, as well as Namibian side Welwitschias and Argentine side Pampas XV.

The tournament was won by Pampas XV for the first time; they beat the Blue Bulls 14–9 in the final played on 13 May 2011.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Jim Colbert (American football)
Jim Colbert (born c. 1948) is an American former football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at C. W. Post—now known as LIU Post—in Brookville, New York from 1980 to 1982, compiling a record of 15–16. Colbert attended Neshaminy High School in Langhorne, Pennsylvania and was the starting quarterback at the University of Delaware in 1970 before switching to wide receiver.  He was head football coach at Smyrna High School in Smyrna, Delaware from 1972 to 1975, tallying a mark of 30–21–1, before he was hired as the offensive coordinator at Davidson College in 1976.

Smyrna, Delaware
Smyrna is a town in Kent and New Castle counties in the U.S. state of Delaware. It is part of the Dover metropolitan statistical area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2020, the population of the town is 12,883.

The international jurist John Bassett Moore was born in Smyrna, as were politicians Louis McLane and James Williams.