hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judiciary of the Republic of Serbia
The judiciary of Serbia (Serbian: правосуђе Србије, romanized: pravosuđe Srbije) is a branch of the government of Serbia that interprets and applies the laws of Serbia, to ensure equal justice under law, and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Serbia is a civil law system, historically influenced by Germanic and, to a lesser degree, French law, as well as Yugoslav law, but in the process of the accession of Serbia to the European Union, the legal system is being completely harmonised with European Union law. The Constitution of Serbia provides for an independent judiciary, led by the Supreme Court. The Ministry of Justice handles the administration of judiciary, including paying salaries and constructing new courthouses, as well as administering the prison system.

Dispute resolution
Dispute resolution or dispute settlement is the process of resolving disputes between parties. The term dispute resolution is conflict resolution through legal means.

Prominent venues for dispute settlement in international law include the International Court of Justice (formerly the Permanent Court of International Justice); the United Nations Human Rights Committee (which operates under the ICCPR) and European Court of Human Rights; the Panels and Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization; and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Half of all international agreements include a dispute settlement mechanism.

States are also known to form their own arbitration tribunals to settle disputes. Prominent private international courts, which adjudicate disputes between commercial private entities, include the International Court of Arbitration (of the International Chamber of Commerce) and the London Court of International Arbitration.
Bachar Houli
Bachar Houli  OAM  (Arabic: بشار حولي, born 12 May 1988) is a former Australian rules footballer who played 232 games over a 15-year career with Richmond and Essendon in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is a three-time premiership player with Richmond and was named an All-Australian half-back during his 2019 premiership winning season. Houli is the first devout Muslim and third Muslim overall to play in the AFL.

In 2025, Houli will play for the Newport Football Club in the Western Football Netball League (WFNL).

Gold Coast Suns
The Gold Coast Suns, officially the Gold Coast Football Club, are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club is based on the Gold Coast in Queensland.

Founded in 2009, the club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season. It plays home matches at Carrara Stadium (known for commercial purposes as People First Stadium) and has its training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre. The club is one of two AFL clubs based in Queensland, the other being its main rival, the Brisbane Lions, which it competes against in the QClash.

In addition to the men's team, the Suns field other teams, including an AFL Women's side, a reserves side in the Victorian Football League, and a Gold Coast Suns Academy side consisting of the club's best junior development signings. It also competes in Division 2 of the men's, women's underage championships, and the Talent League.
2018 Ladies Open Lugano
The 2018 Ladies Open Lugano (also known as the 2018 Samsung Open presented by Cornèr for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on clay courts at TC Lido Lugano. It was the second edition of the tournament (the first to take place in Lugano) and part of the International category of the 2018 WTA Tour. It took place between 9 April through 15 April 2018.

Laura Siegemund
Laura Natalie Siegemund (born 4 March 1988) is a German professional tennis player.

Siegemund reached her career-high doubles ranking of world No. 4 on 29 January 2024 and has won fourteen doubles titles on the WTA Tour.
She is a three-time Grand Slam champion, having won the 2020 US Open in women's doubles with Vera Zvonareva, as well as the 2016 US Open and the 2024 French Open in mixed doubles, partnering Mate Pavić and Édouard Roger-Vasselin respectively. Alongside her major titles, she won the 2023 WTA Finals and the 2022 Miami Open in doubles.

In singles, her career-high ranking is world No. 27, achieved in August 2016, and she has won two WTA titles, at the 2016 Swedish Open and 2017 Stuttgart Open. Siegemund's best Grand Slam result in singles was a quarterfinal appearance at the 2020 French Open and at 2025 Wimbledon. She also reached the same stage at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and has represented Germany in the Billie Jean King Cup since 2017.
Novyye Kargaly
Novyye Kargaly (Russian: Новые Каргалы; Bashkir: Яңы Ҡарғалы, Yañı Qarğalı) is a rural locality (a village) in Vanyshevsky Selsoviet, Burayevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Burayevsky District
Burayevsky District (Russian: Бура́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Борай районы, Boray rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Yanaulsky and Tatyshlinsky Districts in the north, Baltachevsky District in the east, Mishkinsky District in the southeast, Birsky District in the south, Dyurtyulinsky District in the south and southwest, and with Kaltasinsky District in the west. The district is 1,820 square kilometers (700 sq mi). Its administrative center is in a rural locality (a selo) of Burayevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,154, with the population of Burayevo accounting for 37.9% of that number.
Rajaram Shastri
Raja Ram Shastri (also Rajaram Shastri) (4 June 1904 – 21 August 1991) was an Indian educationist, social, and political worker who was elected in the 1971 Indian general election as a member of parliament (MP) from Varanasi during the 5th Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. He was a professor and subsequently vice-chancellor of the Kashi Vidyapeeth from 1964 – 1971. He was a member of Jamalpur's royal family as the grandson of Rai Bahadur Thakur Jaiswal.

He served as a member of first National Commission on Labour and received Padma Vibhushan in 1991, the second highest civilian honor of India, for his contributions to social and educational welfare. He was also a member of the University Grants Commission. Prof. Shastri was author of works titled 'Samaj Vigyan' and 'Swapna Darshan' for which he was awarded prize by the Government of Uttar Pradesh.

He died in New Delhi on 21 August 1991, aged 87.

Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith
Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith is a public university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Established on 10 February 1921 as Kashi Vidyapith and later renamed, it is administered under the state legislature of the government of Uttar Pradesh. It got University status in 1974 as Deemed to be University and State University status in 2009 by The Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2008 (act no. 6 of 2009). The university has more than 400+ affiliated colleges spread over six districts. It is one of the largest state universities in Uttar Pradesh, with hundreds of thousands of students, both rural and urban. It offers a range of professional and academic courses in arts, science, commerce, agriculture science, law, computing and management.
Effrinagh
Effrinagh (in Irish: Ifreannach) is a townland in County Leitrim. Effrinagh is a place about five miles east of Carrick on Shannon. It is dotted with lakes and traversed by boreens (from the Irish bóithrín, meaning a small road). James Gralton came from Effrinagh, where he built his Pearse-Connolly Hall before he was deported to New York City.

Carrick-on-Shannon
Carrick-on-Shannon (Irish: Cora Droma Rúisc, meaning 'weir of the marshy ridge') is the county town of County Leitrim in Ireland. It is the largest town in the county. A smaller part of the town located on the west bank of the River Shannon lies in County Roscommon and is home to the town's main train station. As of the 2022 census, the population of the town was 4,743. It is situated on a strategic crossing point of the River Shannon. The main part of the town, the County Leitrim part, is in the civil parish of Kiltoghert, which is in the barony of Leitrim, while Cortober, which is the County Roscommon side of the town, is in the civil parish of Killukin, in the barony of Boyle.
Robert Huna
Róbert Huna (born 9 March 1985) is a Slovak professional ice hockey player who currently playing for HK Levice of the Slovak 1. Liga.

He previously played for HC Slovan Bratislava, MsHK Žilina and HC Košice. He also played for Yertis Pavlodar of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship. He is the twin brother of Richard Huna and the two have often been teammates together. He is also the younger brother of Rudolf Huna.

Pro Hokei Ligasy
The Pro Hokei Ligasy, commonly referred to as Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, is  the highest level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan. Founded in 1992, eleven teams from Kazakhstan compete to win the Kazakhstan Hockey Cup.
The Meeting Between Abraham and Melchizedek (Rubens)
The Meeting between Abraham and Melchizedek is a 1616-17 painting by Peter Paul Rubens, showing the meeting between Abraham and Melchizedek as recounted in the Genesis 14. It measures 204 cm by 250 cm and is now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Caen.

The painting's origins are unknown. It belonged to the Du Bois family when, at the end of 1749, it was bought for William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel by an art dealer in Antwerp for 6,000 florins. From that date onwards it was considered as a pendant to The Crowning of the Virtuous Hero in the inventory of the Kassel gallery. Both paintings were confiscated in 1806 by Vivant Denon and sent to Paris. Meeting was retained for the museum at Caen in 1811. After the fall of Napoleon, the Elector of Hesse sent a delegation in 1815 to recover it, though Élouis (curator of the Caen museum) pretended to be unable to find it. The Germans left disappointed, but continued trying to reclaim the painting until 1830.

The Crowning of the Virtuous Hero
The Crowning of the Virtuous Hero is a painting by Peter Paul Rubens, painted between 1613 and 1614. Unsigned, it was commissioned by the St George Guild of Archers in Antwerp for their banqueting hall and is now in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister within the Schloss Wilhelmshöhe in Kassel.
Great piebald horned toad
The great piebald horned toad (Atympanophrys gigantica), or giant spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae, endemic to China. It is known only from Jingdong Yi Autonomous County and Yongde County in southwestern Yunnan.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Megophryidae
Megophryidae, commonly known as goose frogs, is a large family of frogs native to the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalayan foothills eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and extending to the Philippines. Fossil remains are also known from North America. As of 2014 it encompasses 246 species of frogs divided between five genera. For lack of a better vernacular name, they are commonly called megophryids.
Infrahyoid muscles
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles.

Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone.

The term infrahyoid refers to the region below the hyoid bone, while the term strap muscles refers to the long, and flat muscle shapes which resembles a strap. The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles, but is not an infrahyoid muscle.

Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone (/ˈhaɪɔɪd/ HY-oyd), also known as the lingual bone or the tongue-bone, is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.  At rest, it lies between the base of the mandible and the third cervical vertebra.

Unlike other bones, the hyoid is only distantly articulated to other bones by muscles or ligaments. It is the only bone in the human body that is not connected to any other bones. The hyoid is anchored by muscles from the anterior, posterior and inferior directions, and aids in tongue movement and swallowing. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind.

Its name is derived from Greek  hyoeides 'shaped like the letter upsilon (υ)'.
Torgeir Flatmark
Torgeir Flatmark (21 September 1931 – 22 May 2020) was a Norwegian biochemist.

He grew up in Dovre Municipality in Gudbrandsdal, Norway. He took his cand.med. degree at the University of Oslo in 1957 and his dr.med. degree at the same university in 1967. He was an associate professor at the University of Bergen from 1967, then docent and from 1974 professor.

He chaired the Norwegian Biochemical Society from 1980 to 1982 and was a delegate to the Federation of European Biochemical Societies from 1982 to 1990. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1999.

Dovre Municipality
Dovre is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Dovre. Other villages in Dovre include Dombås and Hjerkinn.

The 1,364.38-square-kilometre (526.79 sq mi) municipality is the 69th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Dovre Municipality is the 252nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,516. The municipality's population density is 1.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7.4% over the previous 10-year period.
2021 Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20
The 2021 Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20 Competition was a Twenty20 cricket tournament that was played in Zimbabwe during April 2021. Five teams took part in the competition, with two matches being played each day. Due to a logistical challenge, the opening day match between Tuskers and Rhinos was moved back to 15 April, with the play-off and final being moved back one day as a result. The Matabeleland Tuskers won the last domestic T20 tournament to be played in Zimbabwe, during the 2018–19 season.

Following the conclusion of the group stage, Tuskers and Eagles qualified for the final of the tournament. Rocks beat Mountaineers to win the 3rd place play-off match, and in the final, Tuskers beat Eagles by 69 runs to win the tournament.

Mid West Rhinos
The Mid West Rhinos is one of the five cricket Zimbabwean cricket franchises. They are a first-class cricket team, based in Midlands Province and the Mashonaland West area.  They play their home matches at Kwekwe Sports Club in Kwekwe.
Friedrich d'or
The Friedrich d'or was a Prussian gold coin (pistole) nominally worth 5 silver Prussian thalers. It was subsequently copied by other North German states under their own rulers' names (August-, Friedrich-August-, Christian d'or) and valued at 4.8-5 silver North German thalers.

It was used from 1741 to 1855 as a regularly-issued gold trade coin at this time, and was traded at a small premium or discount to its face value of five thalers in silver standard currency (silberkurantgeld) used in the stock exchanges and elsewhere. Around 1780, for example, the Saxon August d'or was quoted at 116 to 120 groschen sächsischen silberkurantgeldes (4.83 to 5 thalers, Saxon silver currency), with a maximum discount of 4 groschen (0.17 thaler). In the 19th century it usually had a low premium.

Prussian purchase contracts or bonds payable in 5-thaler gold pistoles (rather than silver currency) were noted as payable in "XX thalers, preußisch Courant" or "Friedrich d'or".

Face value
The face value, sometimes called nominal value, is the value of a coin, bond, stamp or paper money as printed on the coin, stamp or bill itself by the issuing authority.

The face value of coins, stamps, or bill is usually its legal value. However, their market value need not bear any relationship to the face value. For example, some rare coins or stamps may be traded at prices considerably above their face value. Coins may also have a salvage value due to more or less valuable metals that they contain.
Brianna Glenn
Brianna Glenn (born April 18, 1980) is an American long jumper. She finished ninth at the 2002 World Cup and seventh at the 2006 World Athletics Final. Her personal best jump is 6.87 metres, achieved in June 2011 at the United States Olympic Training Center in Chula Vista, California.

Representing the Arizona Wildcats track and field team, Glenn became the first ever athlete to win the long jump and a sprint event at the NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

Brianna also holds a personal best in the 100m of 11.10 seconds.

Brianna is an active model and has been in a Sports Illustrated Budweiser campaign as an Olympic hopeful. The campaign was a part of the Sports Illustrated swimsuit edition in 2008.

Arizona Wildcats track and field
The Arizona Wildcats track and field team is the track and field program that represents University of Arizona. The Wildcats compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Big 12 Conference. The team is based in Tucson, Arizona, at the Roy P. Drachman Stadium.

The program is coached by Andrew Dubs. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

From 2012 to 2014, Lawi Lalang won seven NCAA individual titles in long-distance running, the most of any Wildcat track and field athlete.
Edward Smyrk
Edward William Smyrk (1 May 1882 – 14 August 1962) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Hawke's Bay and Wellington from 1910 to 1920.

Smyrk was a spin bowler, useful lower-order batsman and fine fieldsman. His best first-class bowling figures were 4 for 45 in his last match, for Wellington against Hawke's Bay in 1920.

Smyrk served as a sapper with the Samoa Expeditionary Force in the Occupation of German Samoa in 1914. He returned to New Zealand in March 1915 and married Jessie Arnold in Napier on 7 April.

Hawke's Bay cricket team
The Hawke's Bay cricket team, representing the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand, played first-class cricket between 1883–84 and 1920–21, and competed in the Plunket Shield in the 1914–15 and 1920–21 seasons. The side has continued to appear in minor cricket and is one of the 21 teams from around New Zealand that compete in the Hawke Cup, where it was the dominant team from 2020 to 2024.
Utuchitunumuigani
Utuchitunumuigani (Japanese: 音智殿茂金) or Otochitonomoigane (birth and death dates unknown) is the first Kikoe-ōgimi priestess of Ryūkyū Kingdom's second Shō dynasty.

Her divine name is 月清, transcribed as "Gessei" or "Tsukikiyora" depending on the sources.

Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
Matthew Manuel
Matthew "Matt" Manuel (born October 28, 1997) is a Canadian curler from Halifax, Nova Scotia. He currently skips his own team out of the Halifax Curling Club. He is the two-time defending Nova Scotia Tankard champion skip and a four-time Nova Scotia junior champion.

Skip (curling)
In the sport of curling, the skip is the captain of a team. The skip determines strategy, and holds the broom in the house (target area) to indicate where a teammate at the other end of the curling sheet (playing area) should aim the stone. The skip usually throws the last two stones in the fourth position, but may play in any other position.

Sometimes "skipper" is used; it can also be abbreviated as "S". It's also used as a verb ("skips", "skipped", "skipping").

It is conventional to identify a team by the name of the skip.
Ubida amochla
Ubida amochla is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Turner in 1922. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is 26–40 mm. The fore- and hindwings are both whitish.

Alfred Jefferis Turner
Alfred Jefferis Turner (3 October 1861 in Canton – 29 December 1947 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) was a pediatrician and amateur entomologist. He was the son of missionary Frederick Storrs-Turner. He introduced the use of diphtheria antitoxin to Australia in 1895, and resided in Dauphin Terrace, Highgate Hill, Brisbane.

The Jefferis Turner Centre for mothercraft was opened in 1952 as part of the Queensland Government's Maternal and Child Welfare program. In 1986, its role was changed to provide short-term respite care for intellectually disabled children. It is located in the heritage building Fairy Knoll in Ipswich.
Basil Hiley
Basil James Hiley (15 November 1935 – 25 January 2025) was a British physicist and professor emeritus of the University of London.

Long-time colleague of David Bohm, Hiley is known for his work with Bohm on implicate orders and for his work on algebraic descriptions of quantum mechanics in terms of underlying symplectic and orthogonal Clifford algebras. Hiley co-authored the book The Undivided Universe with David Bohm, which is considered the main reference for Bohmian mechanics.

The work of Bohm and Hiley has been characterized as primarily addressing the question "whether we can have an adequate conception of the reality of a quantum system, be this causal or be it stochastic or be it of any other nature" and meeting the scientific challenge of providing a mathematical description of quantum systems that matches the idea of an implicate order.

Classical limit
The classical limit or correspondence limit is the ability of a physical theory to approximate or "recover" classical mechanics when considered over special values of its parameters. The classical limit is used with physical theories that predict non-classical behavior.