hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rakušan
Rakušan (Czech pronunciation: [ˈrakuʃan]) is a Czech surname that literally means "Austrian". Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Rakušan (born 1948), Czech artist

Vít Rakušan (born 1978), Czech pedagogue and politician

Bob Rakušan
Bob Rakušan (born 6 February 1948, Prague) is a Czech contemporary artist, who creates large-fired enamel works on black steel plate, scrap and salvaged objects, such as stove tops and ovens. The foundation layers of the enamel are often built on screen techniques inspired by the printing process. His work is rooted in drawings, studies and graphic prints. Besides landscapes and abstract and figurative composition, there is a recurring ocean theme in his works, inspired by his longtime occupation as a captain of sailing ships.
Rudolph Bonaparte
Rudolph (Rudy) Bonaparte is the President and CEO of Geosyntec Consultants, Inc and its specialty affiliates MMI Engineering, SiREM, and GSM Consultancy.
In 2007, Dr. Bonaparte was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to geoengineering with geosynthetics, the design of landfill waste-containment systems, and leadership in geotechnical engineering practice.
Dr. Bonaparte earned his B.S. (1977) from the University of Texas at Austin, a M.S. (1978) and a PhD (1981) in Civil (Geotechnical) Engineering from University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Bonaparte was Inducted to the Academy of Distinguished Alumni on November 8, 2012.

Dr. Bonaparte is the author of a number of technical papers and led a peer review team for the EPA that estimated the service life of HDPE membrane liners in landfills to be approximately 1,000 years.

High-density polyethylene
HDPE has SPI resin ID code 2

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene. It is sometimes called "alkathene" or "polythene" when used for HDPE pipes. With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes and plastic lumber. HDPE is commonly recycled, and has the number "2" as its resin identification code.

In 2008, the global HDPE market reached a volume of more than 30 million tons.
Huygens principle of double refraction
Huygens principle of double refraction, named after Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens, explains the phenomenon of double refraction observed in uniaxial anisotropic material such as calcite.  When unpolarized light propagates in such materials (along a direction different from the optical axis), it splits into two different rays, known as ordinary and extraordinary rays. The principle states that every point on the wavefront of birefringent material produces two types of wavefronts or wavelets: spherical wavefronts and ellipsoidal wavefronts. These secondary wavelets, originating from different points, interact and interfere with each other. As a result, the new wavefront is formed by the superposition of these wavelets.

Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison. Large calcite crystals are used in optical equipment, and limestone composed mostly of calcite has numerous uses.

Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite over timescales of days or less at temperatures exceeding 300 °C, and vaterite is even less stable.
Mildred, Montana
Mildred is an unincorporated community in Prairie County, Montana, United States. Mildred is located along a former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad line 18.5 miles (29.8 km) east-southeast of Terry. It was platted in 1908 and the first post office was established with Edward Harper as postmaster. The town was named for the daughter of a Milwaulkee Railroad official.

Mildred was on the Yellowstone Trail and lost population once the highway was built.

Welcome to Mildred (Montana)

Abandoned bank and church in Mildred, MT

Yellowstone Trail
The Yellowstone Trail was the first transcontinental automobile highway through the upper tier of states in the United States, established on May 23, 1912. It was an Auto Trail that ran from the Atlantic Ocean in Plymouth, Massachusetts, through Montana to Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, to the Pacific Ocean in Seattle, Washington. The road slogan was "A Good Road from Plymouth Rock to Puget Sound".
Committee for the Five Northern Korean Provinces
The Committee for the Five Northern Korean Provinces (Korean: 이북5도위원회; literally "The North's Five Provinces Committee") is a South Korean government body which is de jure responsible for governing the provinces controlled by North Korea, and de facto responsible for providing support to North Korean defectors living in South Korea.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Ivan Kalyayev
Ivan Platonovich Kalyayev (Russian: Ива́н Плато́нович Каля́ев; 6 July 1877 – 23 May 1905) was a Russian poet, a member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. He is best known for his role in the assassination of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, which was an operation of the SR Combat Organization. Arrested at the scene, Kalyayev was convicted of murder and hanged.

Aleksey Remizov
Aleksey Mikhailovich Remizov (Russian: Алексе́й Миха́йлович Ре́мизов; 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1877 in Moscow – 26 November 1957 in Paris) was a Russian modernist writer whose creative imagination veered to the fantastic and bizarre. Apart from literary works, Remizov was an expert calligrapher who sought to revive this visual art in Russia.
Pub Royal
Pub Royal is the 12th album by Canadian folk rock band Les Cowboys Fringants, released April 25, 2024, on La Tribu. The album includes the last six songs recorded by founding member Karl Tremblay before his death in November 2023, as well as both vocal and instrumental songs recorded by the remaining band members to complete the album in February 2024.

The album shares its title with Pub Royal, a jukebox musical of the band's music staged by The 7 Fingers theatre company, which toured Quebec in 2023 and 2024.

Jukebox musical
A jukebox musical is a stage musical or musical film in which a majority of the songs are well-known, pre-existing popular music songs, rather than original music composed for the musical.

Some jukebox musicals use a wide variety of songs, while others confine themselves to songs previously performed by one singer or band, or written by one songwriter. In such cases, the plot is often a biography of the artist or artists. In other jukebox musicals, the plot is purely fictional. For musicals about a musician or musical act, some of the songs can be diegetic, meaning that they are performed within the world of the play or film. Works in which all of the music is diegetic, however, such as a biographical film about a singer who is at times shown performing their songs, are generally not considered jukebox musicals.

Revues that lack a plot are also usually not described as jukebox musicals, although plotless shows that include a dance element sometimes are.
State decoration
A state decoration is an object, such as a medal or the insignia of an order, that is awarded by a sovereign state to honor the recipient.

The term includes civil awards and decorations, as well as military awards and decorations.

Insignia
An insignia (from Latin  insignia, plural of insigne 'emblem, symbol, ensign') is a sign or mark distinguishing a group, grade, rank, or function. It can be a symbol of personal power or that of an official group or governing body.

An insignia, which is typically made of metal or fabric, is a standalone symbol of a particular or general authority. Together, insignias form a decoration with the different elements of a rank, grade, or dignity.

There are many types of insignia, including civil and military decorations, crowns, emblems, and coats of arms.
Salesio Lui
Salesio Lui (born 1951) is a Tokelauan politician. He was the head of government of Tokelau (Tokelauan: Ulu o Tokelau) from February 1993 to February 1994 and again from 1 March 2013 to 24 February 2014.

For the period of 1990–1996 and 2011–2013, as Faipule (leader) of Nukunonu, he was a member of the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau, and minister for Health and for Support services.

Nukunonu
Nukunonu, formerly known as Duke of Clarence Island, is the largest atoll within Tokelau, a dependency of New Zealand in the south Pacific Ocean. It comprises 30 islets surrounding a central lagoon, with about 5.5 km2 (2.1 sq mi) of land area and a lagoon surface area of 109 km2 (42 sq mi). Motuhaga is the only islet that has inhabitants. It has an estimated population of 531.
Dude (soundtrack)
Dude is the soundtrack album composed by Sai Abhyankkar to the 2025 Tamil-language romantic comedy film of the same name written and directed by Keerthiswaran and produced by Mythri Movie Makers, starring Pradeep Ranganathan and Mamitha Baiju. The album features nine songs with lyrics written by Vivek, Paal Dabba, Adesh Krishna and Sanjay Semvi. Led by four singles, the album was released through Think Music on 26 October 2025.

Dude (2025 film)
Dude is a 2025 Indian Tamil-language romantic action comedy film written and directed by Keerthiswaran. Produced by Mythri Movie Makers, the film stars Pradeep Ranganathan and Mamitha Baiju in the lead, alongside R. Sarathkumar, Hridhu Haroon, Rohini, Aishwarya Sharma and Neha Shetty.

The film, Keerthiswaran's directorial debut and Mythri's second Tamil production, was confirmed by its streaming platform Netflix in January 2025, while Mythri officially announced the project the following March under the tentative title PR 04, as it is Pradeep's fourth film as a lead actor. Principal photography commenced the same month in Chennai. The official title was revealed in May. The film has music composed by Sai Abhyankkar, cinematography handled by Niketh Bommi and editing by Barath Vikraman.

Dude was released worldwide on 17 October 2025 in theaters, during the Diwali weekend. The film received mixed reviews from critics but became a commerical success.
Gustavo Cisneros
Gustavo Alfredo Jiménez de Cisneros y Rendiles (1 June 1945 – 29 December 2023) was a Venezuelan businessman and Chairman of Grupo Cisneros.

A onetime billionaire, according to Forbes, his net worth peaked at US$6.0 billion in 2007 (equivalent to $8.7 billion in 2024 prices when adjusted for inflation); he dropped off the billionaires' list in 2020 as a consequence of his Venezuelan assets losing value due to the long economic crisis in Venezuela.

Real and nominal value
In economics, nominal value refers to value measured in terms of absolute money amounts, whereas real value is considered and measured against the actual goods or services for which it can be exchanged at a given time. Real value takes into account inflation and the value of an asset in relation to its purchasing power. In macroeconomics, the real gross domestic product compensates for inflation so economists can exclude inflation from growth figures, and see how much an economy actually grows. Nominal GDP would include inflation, and thus be higher.
Freetrade
Freetrade is a UK-based fintech company founded in 2016 by Adam Dodds and Davide Fioranelli. It provides a mobile trading platform targeting retail investors in the UK, allowing users to trade equities and ETFs through iOS and Android applications.

Initially relying on crowdfunding, Freetrade grew during the COVID-19 pandemic and raised venture capital funding including a $69 million Series B round in 2021. Despite growth, it faced persistent financial losses and declining valuations from 2022 onwards. By the end of 2024, Freetrade onboarded 720k active customers with assets under management of £2.5 billion.

Freetrade experienced regulatory scrutiny related to its advertising practices and criticism regarding hidden fees in its pricing model. In January 2025, Freetrade was acquired by IG Group for £160 million, prompting criticism from retail investors due to the significantly reduced valuation.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Marian Clark
Marian Clark (born Marian Alice Clark; June 25, 1912 – February 26, 1963) was an American scriptwriter for radio and television series during the 1950s and early 1960s, most notably for the long-running, iconic Western series Gunsmoke, which aired on CBS Radio from 1952 to 1961 and on CBS Television for two decades. Clark ranks among the most prolific writers in the history of Gunsmoke; and prior to her work on that series, she was also one of the first women in American radio to be employed full time as a news writer for a major regional station and affiliate of a national broadcasting network.

Radford Studio Center
Radford Studio Center, alternatively CBS Studio Center, is a television and film studio located in the Studio City district in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California, United States. The lot has 18 sound stages from  7,000 to 25,000 square feet (700 to 2,300 m2), 220,000 square feet (20,000 m2) of office space, and 223 dressing rooms. The triangular site is bisected by the Los Angeles River. In 2021, ViacomCBS (later Paramount Global and currently known as Paramount Skydance Corporation), the parent company of CBS, sold Studio Center to real estate investment companies Hackman Capital Partners and Square Mile Capital Management.

ViacomCBS also previously had ownership of two other studios in the area: CBS Television City and Columbia Square.
Vladimir Poletaev
Vladimir Vladimirovich Poletaev (Russian: Владимир Владимирович Полетаев; born 27 June 1972) is a Russian politician serving as a senator from the Altai Republic since 2014.

Educated in economics and public administration, he held a number of statewide positions, before moving to the Federal Taxation Service shortly prior to his appointment to the Federation Council.

Federal Taxation Service
The Federal Taxation Service (Russian: Федеральная налоговая служба, romanized: Federalnaya nalogovaya sluzhba) or shortly FNS (Russian: ФНС) is the revenue service for the Russian government responsible for overseeing compliance with the tax and levy legislation, ensuring the accuracy of calculations, and verifying the completeness and timeliness of tax and levy payments to the relevant budgets. It was formed on March 19, 2004, after the dissolution of the Ministry for Taxes and Levies.

It is also a federal body of executive authority responsible for ensuring the presentation of claims for mandatory payments in bankruptcy cases and bankruptcy procedures, as well as the Russian Federation's claims under monetary obligations.

The FNS's headquarters is located at 23 Neglinnaya Street, Moscow. Daniil Yegorov is the current commissioner of the Federal Taxation Service.
Gorey (barony)
Gorey (Irish: Guaire) is a historical barony in northeastern County Wexford, Ireland.

Baronies were mainly cadastral rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in the 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.

County Wexford
County Wexford (Irish: Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella (Uí Ceinnsealaigh), whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 163,527 at the 2022 census.
Akrofuom (Ghana parliament constituency)
Akrofuom is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Joseph Azumah is the member of parliament for the constituency. Akrofuom is located in the Obuasi Municipal District  of the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

This seat was created prior to the  Ghanaian parliamentary election in 2004.

Obuasi Municipal Assembly
Obuasi Municipal Assembly is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Adansi West District in 1988, until part of the district was split off to create Obuasi Municipal District on 15 December 2003 (effectively 17 February 2004); whose remaining parts had been absorbed into parts of Adansi North District and Adansi South District respectively. Later, the eastern part of the district was split off to create Obuasi East District on 15 March 2018; thus the remaining part has been retained as Obuasi Municipal Assembly. The municipality is the southern part of Ashanti Region and has Obuasi as its capital town.
Atractus snethlageae
Atractus snethlageae is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Brazil, Suriname, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and  Argentina. This ground snake is known to be the most diversified, species-rich, and taxonomically complex radiation of the suborder Serpentes.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Abeokuta North constituency
Abeokuta North (also known as Obafemi-Owode or Odeda federal constituency) is a National Assembly delegation in Ogun State, Nigeria. It is Currently represented by Olumide Osoba After The 2019 general elections.

Chief M.K.O Abiola was a prominent Nigerians from Abeokuta North. Abiola was the acclaimed winner of the 1993 Presidential election which was later annulled by president Ibrahim Babangida.

It covers the LGAs of Abeokuta North, Obafemi Owode, and Odeda.

National Assembly (Nigeria)
The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Constitution of Nigeria The body consists of 109 members of the Senate and 360 members from the House of Representatives; There are three senators from each of the States of Nigeria and one senator representing the Federal Capital Territory and single-member district, plurality voting in the House of Representatives.
Hanami River
35°38′25″N 140°3′47″E﻿ / ﻿35.64028°N 140.06306°E﻿ / 35.64028; 140.06306

The Hanami River (花見川, Hanami-gawa) is a river in Yachiyo and Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The river is 18.9 kilometers (11.7 mi) in length and has a drainage area of 94.5 square kilometers (36.5 sq mi). The Hanami is one part of the Inba Discharge Channel (印旛放水路, Inba Hōsuiro). The upper part of the drainage facility is designated as the Shin River. The lower part, the Hanami, ranges from the Ōwada Drainage Pump Station in Yachiyo City, and drains into Tokyo Bay in the Mihama Ward of Chiba City. The lower part of the river where the Hanami empties into Tokyo Bay is known as the Kemi River (検見川, Kemi-gawa). Numerous sluices have been built on the Hanami to protect the surrounding area from damage due to high tides and typhoons.

Yachiyo, Chiba
Yachiyo (八千代市, Yachiyo-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2023, the city had an estimated population of  205,748 in 96,903 households and a population density of 4000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 51.39 square kilometres (19.84 sq mi).
Pullen Island Conservation Park
Pullen Island Conservation Park is a protected area that includes all of Pullen Island about 0.5 kilometres (0.31 miles) south of Port Elliot in South Australia and about 94 kilometres (58 miles) south of Adelaide.

The park was proclaimed in 1972 under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, replacing earlier protected area status as a Fauna Conservation Reserve which was proclaimed in 1967. The protected area status exists to protect the island as a breeding area for sea birds such as little penguins and silver gulls.

The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category IA protected area. In 1980, it was included on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

Register of the National Estate
The Register of the National Estate was a heritage register that listed natural and cultural heritage places in Australia. Phasing out of the register began in 2003, when the Australian National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List were created and by 2007 the Register had been replaced by these and various state and territory heritage registers. Places listed on the Register remain in a non-statutory archive and are still able to be viewed via the National Heritage Database.
Ján Bátik
Ján Bátik (born 17 January 1986 in Liptovský Mikuláš) is a retired Slovak slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 2002 to 2018.

He competed in the C1 event until 2005. He raced in the C2 event together with Tomáš Kučera from 2006 until 2018, when the discipline was discontinued. He also competed in the mixed C2 event alongside Simona Maceková in 2017 and Soňa Stanovská in 2018.

Bátik and Kučera won five medals in the C2 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (2009), three silvers (2011, 2013, 2014) and a bronze (2007). They also won 4 golds and 2 bronzes at the European Championships, including a gold medal in the C2 event at the 2016 European Championships on their home course in Liptovský Mikuláš.

Ondrej Cibak Whitewater Slalom Course
49°04′25″N 19°37′08″E﻿ / ﻿49.0735°N 19.619°E﻿ / 49.0735; 19.619

The Ondrej Cibak Whitewater Slalom Course, in Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia, is the world's second-oldest artificial whitewater venue for international canoe slalom competition, after the Augsburg Eiskanal.  Built in 1978, it diverts water around a small dam on the Váh river.  With recent upgrades, including a covered stadium for spectators, it remains a prime site for the sport.

As a training facility, it is home course for canoe slalom's most highly decorated athlete, Michal Martikán, who has five Olympic medals, two of them gold, and for Elena Kaliská, who also has two Olympic golds.  Both athletes have won numerous World and European Championships.

In addition to slalom practice, experienced paddlers can train in kayaks and canoes for running narrow creeks.  For the general public, it operates as a family water park with guided raft trips.
Sankt Gotthard im Mühlkreis
Sankt Gotthard im Mühlkreis is a municipality in the district of Urfahr-Umgebung in Upper Austria, Austria.

Attractions include Schloss Eschelberg, a stately home built in 1596, and the ruined 13th-century Rottenegg Castle.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.