hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
High-dose estrogen therapy
High-dose estrogen therapy (HDE) is a type of hormone therapy in which high doses of estrogens are given. When given in combination with a high dose of progestogen, it has been referred to as pseudopregnancy. It is called this because the estrogen and progestogen levels achieved are in the range of the very high levels of these hormones that occur during pregnancy. HDE and pseudopregnancy have been used in medicine for a number of hormone-dependent indications, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, and endometriosis, among others. Both natural or bioidentical estrogens and synthetic estrogens have been used and both oral and parenteral routes may be used.

Feminization (biology)
In biology and medicine, feminization is the development in an organism of physical characteristics that are usually unique to the females of the species. This may represent a normal developmental process, contributing to sexual differentiation. Feminization can also be induced by environmental factors, and this phenomenon has been observed in several animal species. In the case of transgender hormone therapy, it is intentionally induced medically.
Michael Artin
Michael Artin (German: [ˈaʁtiːn]; born 28 June 1934) is an American mathematician and a professor emeritus in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mathematics Department, known for his  contributions to algebraic geometry.

Noncommutative ring
In mathematics, a noncommutative ring is a ring whose multiplication is not commutative; that is, there exist a and b in the ring such that ab and ba are different. Equivalently, a noncommutative ring is a ring that is not a commutative ring.

Noncommutative algebra is the part of ring theory devoted to study of properties of the noncommutative rings, including the properties that apply also to commutative rings.

Sometimes the term noncommutative ring is used instead of ring to refer to an unspecified ring which is not necessarily commutative, and hence may be commutative. Generally, this is for emphasizing that the studied properties are not restricted to commutative rings, as, in many contexts, ring is used as a shorthand for commutative ring.

Although some authors do not assume that rings have a multiplicative identity, in this article we make that assumption unless stated otherwise.
Antara Sarkar Deb
Antara Sarkar Deb (born 1970) is an Indian politician from Tripura. She is an MLA from Kamalasagar Assembly constituency in the erstwhile West Tripura district which is now Sipahijala district, representing Bharatiya Janata Party. She won the 2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election.

West Tripura district
West Tripura district is an administrative district in the state of Tripura in India. The district headquarters are located at Agartala. As of 2012, it is the most populous of Tripura's eight districts.
Pascal's mugging
In philosophy, Pascal's mugging is a thought experiment demonstrating a problem in expected utility maximization. A rational agent should choose actions whose outcomes, when weighted by their probability, have higher utility. But some very unlikely outcomes may have very great utilities, and these utilities can grow faster than the probability diminishes. Hence the agent should focus more on vastly improbable cases with implausibly high rewards; this leads first to counter-intuitive choices, and then to incoherence as the utility of every choice becomes unbounded.

The name refers to Pascal's Wager, but unlike the wager, it does not require infinite rewards. This sidesteps many objections to the Pascal's Wager dilemma that are based on the nature of infinity.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Richard Freed
Richard Donald Freed (December 27, 1928 – January 1, 2022) was an American music critic, program annotator and administrator.  He was noted for the concert program notes he authored for various orchestras and ensembles in the US.

Arts administration
Arts administration (alternatively arts management) is a field in the arts sector that facilitates programming within cultural organizations. Arts administrators are responsible for facilitating the day-to-day operations of the organization as well as the long term goals by and fulfilling its vision, mission and mandate. Arts management became present in the arts and culture sector in the 1960s. Organizations include professional non-profit (referred to as not-for-profit in Canada) entities. For examples, theaters, museums, symphony orchestras, concert bands, jazz organizations, opera houses, ballet companies and many smaller professional and non-professional for-profit arts-related organizations (e.g. auction houses, art galleries, music companies, etc.). The duties of an arts administrator can include staff management, marketing, budget management, public relations, fundraising, program development evaluation, community engagement, strategic planning, and board relations.
Dumbea (beetle)
Dumbea is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is known from the South Province and Mont Panié of New Caledonia, and is named after Dumbéa, a town nearby Nouméa. This name was originally used by the French entomologist Charles Adolphe Albert Fauvel to house several species of Eumolpinae from New Caledonia, but Fauvel's Dumbea was unpublished and is a nomen nudum. The genus was established based on general proportions and body size, and may be polyphyletic or paraphyletic.

Nomen nudum
In taxonomy, a nomen nudum ('naked name'; plural nomina nuda) is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate description. This makes it a "bare" or "naked" name, which cannot be accepted as it stands. A largely equivalent but much less frequently used term is nomen tantum ("name only"). Sometimes, "nomina nuda" is erroneously considered a synonym for the term "unavailable names". However, not all unavailable names are nomina nuda which applies to published names, i.e. any published name that does not fulfill the requirements of Article 12 (if published before 1931) or Article 13 (if published after 1930). Similarly, a species might be published with a partial or incomplete description that is not enough to follow the rules of publication. This will be described as nomen subnudum (abbreviated nom. subnud.) or occasionally as seminudum.
The Day of the Jack-up
"The Day of the Jack-up" is the eighth episode of the thirty-seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 798th episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on November 23, 2025, and first aired in the UK on December 1, 2025 on Disney+. The episode was written by Joel H. Cohen and directed by Mike Frank Polcino. In this episode that contains elements of Trap and Operation Flagship, Homer tries to find tickets for a concert while an FBI profiler hunts for the person who bought all the tickets. Paget Brewster is credited as "Special Guest Voice". The episode received mixed reviews.

Joel H. Cohen
Joel H. Cohen is a Canadian producer and screenwriter for Saturday Night Live, Suddenly Susan and The Simpsons. He is the younger brother of one-time Simpsons writer Robert Cohen, who wrote the season three episode "Flaming Moe's".  Cohen was born in Calgary, Alberta. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1988 from the University of Alberta and an MBA from the Schulich School of Business in 1992.

In addition to his work on The Simpsons, he is also the author of the non-fiction book How to Lose a Marathon, a retelling of his training for and running the New York City Marathon. It was released April 4, 2017 by Abrams and as an audiobook by Audible.
Gerhard Wack
Gerhard Wack (born 21 August 1945) is a German politician. He served as the State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance of the federal state Saarland from 1999 to 2012.

Born in Saarlouis, Wack studied law at Saarland University in Saarbrücken. He is married and has a daughter.

Saarland University
Saarland University (German: Universität des Saarlandes, pronounced [univɛʁziˈtɛːt dɛs ˈzaːɐ̯landəs]) is a public research university located in Saarbrücken, the capital of the German state of Saarland. It was founded in 1948 in Homburg in co-operation with France and is organized in six faculties that cover all major fields of science.  In 2007, the university was recognized as an excellence center for computer science in Germany.

Thanks to bilingual German and French staff, the university has an international profile, which has been underlined by its proclamation as "European University" in 1950 and by establishment of Europa-Institut as its "crown and symbol" in 1951.

Ten academics have been honored with the highest German research prize, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, while working at Saarland University.
1965–66 Yugoslav Second League
The 1965–66 Yugoslav Second League season was the 20th season of the Second Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Druga savezna liga), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. The league was contested in two regional groups (West Division and East Division), with 18 clubs each, two more than in the previous season.

Yugoslav Second League
Yugoslav Second League (Bosnian: Druga savezna liga, Croatian: Druga savezna liga, Serbian: Друга савезна лига, Slovenian: Druga zvezna liga, Macedonian: Втора сојузна лига, Vtora sojuzna liga) was the second tier football league of SFR Yugoslavia. The top clubs were promoted to the top tier, the Yugoslav First League.

Although the Yugoslav First League had existed since 1923, the unified Second League was only introduced in 1947. It existed until 1992.
Tia Barrett
Te Rongotoa "Tia" Barrett previously known as John Richard Te Rongotoa Barrett (24 July 1947 – 15 November 2009) was a New Zealand diplomat of indigenous Ngati Maniapoto and Waikato extraction from the Tainui iwi. He was director of the Māori Policy Unit at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT).

Tainui
Tainui is a tribal waka confederation of New Zealand Māori iwi. The Tainui confederation comprises four principal related Māori iwi of the central North Island of New Zealand: Hauraki, Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Raukawa and Waikato.
There are other Tainui iwi whose tribal areas lay outside the traditional Tainui boundaries – Ngāi Tai in the Auckland area, Ngāti Raukawa ki Te Tonga and Ngāti Toa in the Horowhenua, Kāpiti region, and Ngāti Rārua and Ngāti Koata in the northern South Island.
Constitutional Court of Abkhazia
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Abkhazia was created in 2016. Judges are elected by the People's Assembly with a two-thirds majority for fifteen year terms and may not be re-elected. Candidates are nominated by the President and must have a law degree, at least fifteen years experience in a legal profession and must at least forty years old. A group of at least one third of all deputies may formally propose candidates to the President.

President of Abkhazia
The president of Abkhazia is the de facto head of state and head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is de jure part of Georgia. The position was created in 1994. Before the office of president was created the head of state position was known as the chairman of Parliament between 1992 and the creation of the 1994 constitution. Before the position of Chairman of Parliament, the highest office in Abkhazia was the chairman of the Supreme Soviet. The post would last from the declaration of sovereignty from the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 August 1990 until the outright declaration of independence on 23 July 1992.
Sherman Gordon Venn Ellis
Lieutenant Colonel Sherman Gordon Venn Ellis, CIE, DSO (1880–1937) was a British Indian Army officer, and colonial administrator who served as the Minister of Finance of the State of Patiala from 1936 until his death in 1937.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
McTavish reservoir
The McTavish reservoir (French: Réservoir McTavish), named for Simon McTavish, is an underground reservoir and park located beside McGill University's campus on the southern slope of Mount Royal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It holds 37 million gallons of water and is supplied by its large Châteauesque style pump-houses situated in the south-eastern corner of the park. Atop the reservoir is Rutherford Park, and it is also the location of the McTavish automated weather reporting station (CWTA, 71612).

Weather station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation amounts. Wind measurements are taken with as few other obstructions as possible, while temperature and humidity measurements are kept free from direct solar radiation, or insolation. Manual observations are taken at least once daily, while automated measurements are taken at least once an hour. Weather conditions out at sea are taken by ships and buoys, which measure slightly different meteorological quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), wave height, and wave period. Drifting weather buoys outnumber their moored versions by a significant amount.
United States at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games
The United States competed at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games in Asunción, Paraguay from August 9 to 23, 2025.

The flag bearers at the opening ceremony were field hockey player Alyssa Klebasko and sport shooter Braden Peiser.

2025 Junior Pan American Games
The 2025 Junior Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos Junior 2025), also named Asu 2025, were the second edition of the Junior Pan American Games, an international multi-sports event for athletes aged 17 to 22 in the Americas, organized by Panam Sports. It was held in Asunción, Paraguay between August 9 and 23, 2025. It was the first time that the Pan American Games, either senior or junior, took place in Paraguay.
Duško Ajder
Dušan "Duško" Ajder (Serbian Cyrillic: Душко Ајдер; born 6 December 1958) is a Serbian retired footballer who played as a central defender.

Born in Belgrade, SR Serbia, he played for Belgrade clubs Red Star and FK Rad in the Yugoslav First League before moving abroad, first to Turkey, to play with Ankaragücü and then to Portugal to play with Leça.

FK Rad
FK Rad (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Рад) is a football club based in Banjica, Belgrade, Serbia. They compete in the Belgrade First League, the fifth tier of the national league system. It plays it home games at the King Peter I Stadium.

Founded in 1958, the club spent a total of 30 seasons in the top flight between 1987 and 2021, including five seasons in the Yugoslav First League, 12 seasons in the First League of Serbia and Montenegro, and 13 seasons in the Serbian SuperLiga.
Commodore Rock
Commodore Rock is the second EP by English electronic band Ladytron. It was released in June 2000 by Invicta Hi-Fi Records (UK) and Emperor Norton (US) on CD and 12" formats. A 10" vinyl special edition was released by French label Tricatel in the same year. This edition included Ladytron's debut single "He Took Her To a Movie" remixed by Tricatel's owner Bertrand Burgalat and the instrumental "Olivetti Jerk".

"Playgirl" was sung by Helen Marnie. "Commodore Rock" and "Paco!" were sung by Mira Aroyo. "Miss Black" and "Olivetti Jerk" are instrumentals. "Playgirl", "Commodore Rock" and "Paco!" were later included on the Ladytron's debut album 604.

Daniel Hunt is credited for EP's design, Reuben Wu for EP's illustration and Mira Aroyo for photography.

Helen Marnie
Helen Lindsay Marnie (born 21 February 1978) is a Scottish musician, known as the lead vocalist and one of the keyboardists and songwriters of the electronic band Ladytron. In 2012, she started a solo career as Marnie and released her debut solo album Crystal World on 11 June 2013. Her second solo album, Strange Words and Weird Wars, was released on 2 June 2017.
Th. Hasle
Th. Hasle (1883/84–1964) was a Norwegian civil servant.

He started working with postal administration in 1914, and was later hired in the Ministry of Trade. He was promoted to assistant secretary in 1937. In 1946 he was promoted to deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Transport and Communications, and he was also a member of Statens lønnskommisjon av 1946. He retired in 1954, and was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in the same year. From 1961 he was the secretary-general of Landsforbundet for folkeavstemning, a lobby organization which worked to include the institution of referendums in the Norwegian Constitution. He died in 1964 at 80 years old.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Ann Henderson-Sellers
Ann Henderson-Sellers (born 1952) is an Emeritus Professor of the Department of Environment and Geography at Macquarie University, Sydney. She was the Director of the Joint Planning Staff (JPS) of the World Climate Research Programme in 2006 and 2007 and was the Director of the Environment Division at ANSTO from 1998 to 2005. She was the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research & Development) of The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology from 1996–1998. Prior to this she was the founding director of the Climatic Impacts Centre at Macquarie University where she continues to hold a Professorship in Physical Geography.

World Climate Research Programme
The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) is an international programme that helps to coordinate global climate research. The WCRP was established in 1980, under the joint sponsorship of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Council for Science (ICSU), and has also been sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO since 1993.

The programme is funded by its three sponsors and additional contributions by nation states or other donors. WCRP uses these funds to organize science workshops or conferences and support collaboration between climate scientists at an international level. Its expert groups also develop international standards for climate data and propose future emphasis areas in international climate research, among others.
Meharban Singh Rawat
Meharban Singh Rawat is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Rawat was a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Sabalgarh constituency in Morena district from 2013 to 2018.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
Cincinnati District
The Cincinnati District is a railroad line owned by the Norfolk Southern Railway and operated by Cincinnati Eastern Railroad in the U.S. state of Ohio. The line runs from Cincinnati, Ohio, southeast to Portsmouth, Ohio, along a former  Norfolk and Western Railway line. Its southeast end is at the Columbus District near Portsmouth, while its northwest end is in Mariemont, Ohio, where it meets the Indiana and Ohio Railway's Midland Subdivision and Norfolk Southern's Dayton District.

Winchester, Adams County, Ohio
Winchester is a village in Winchester Township, Adams County, Ohio, United States. The population was 987 at the 2020 census.  The name of the surrounding township is also named Winchester.

State Route 136 passes through Winchester.  Winchester is adjacent to Ohio State Route 32, a four lane divided highway known as the Appalachian Highway.  The Appalachian Highway links Winchester to Cincinnati.
Mark B. N. Hansen
Mark Boris Nicola Hansen (born 2 August 1965) is an American literary scholar and media theorist. His work focuses on the way technology alters the fabric of human agency and social life. Hansen is currently the James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Literature and Chair of the Program in Literature at the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences at Duke University.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.