hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act
The Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010 (S. 3480) is a bill introduced in the United States Senate by Joe Lieberman (Independent Democrat, Connecticut), Susan Collins (Republican Party, Maine), and Tom Carper (Democratic Party, Delaware) on June 10, 2010. The stated purpose of the bill was to increase security in cyberspace and prevent attacks which could disable infrastructure such as telecommunications or disrupt the nation's economy. The legislation would have created an Office of Cyberspace Policy and a National Center for Cybersecurity and Communications.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
1962 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1962 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours, rewarding and highlighting good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1961 and the beginning of 1962, and were announced on 1 January 1962.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.

Mayor of Tauranga
The mayor of Tauranga is the head of local government in Tauranga, New Zealand's fifth-largest city. The mayor presides over the Tauranga City Council. The mayor is directly elected using the single transferable vote method. The current mayor is Mahé Drysdale, elected in the 2024 Tauranga local elections. He assumed office on 2 August.
Marion Posch
Marion Posch  (born 2 November 1972) is an Italian snowboarder.

She was born in Vipiteno. She placed sixth in women's giant slalom at the 1998 Winter Olympics. She competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics, in women's parallel giant slalom, and she competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics, in parallel giant slalom.

She won a gold medal in parallel slalom at the FIS Snowboarding World Championships 1996, and a gold medal in parallel slalom at the FIS Snowboarding World Championships 1999.

Snowboarding at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Women's parallel giant slalom
The women's parallel giant slalom event in snowboarding at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held in Park City, United States. The competition began on 14 February 2002, with the final rounds on 15 February 2002.
National List of Threatened Terrestrial Fauna of the Philippines
The National List of Threatened Terrestrial Fauna of the Philippines, also known as the Red List, is a list of endangered species endemic to the Philippines and is maintained by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) through its Biodiversity Management Bureau and the Philippine Red List Committee. The list is pursuant to Republic Act No. 9147, or the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act. Species are assessed solely according to their population in the Philippines and hence may not be in line with other conversation lists such as the IUCN Red List which list the crab-eating macaque (including subspecies the Philippine long-tailed macaque) as vulnerable but is not included in the 2019 release of the Philippines' national Red List.

The list was first released in 2004. In 2019, arachnids and insects were added to the list.

Philippine long-tailed macaque
The Philippine long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis philippensis) is a subspecies of the crab-eating macaque, known in various Philippine languages as matching/matsing or the more general term unggoy ("monkey"). It is endemic to the Philippine forests and woodlands, but especially in the mangrove forests of western central Philippines— particularly in Palawan, the Visayas, and Mindanao. The names M. f. philippinensis and M. f. philippinenesis have also been used, but arise from orthographical error.
Oceanic (Isis album)
Oceanic is the second full-length album by American post-metal band ISIS, released on September 17, 2002, by Ipecac Recordings. On November 4, 2014, a remastered edition was released via Hydrahead/Ipecac Recordings. Since its release, Oceanic has received critical acclaim and has been regarded as a masterpiece.

On July 23, 2006, Isis performed Oceanic in its entirety at KOKO, Camden Town, London as part of the All Tomorrow's Parties curated Don't Look Back series. This performance was recorded and eventually released in 2009 as Live V. The track "Weight" was used in the 20th episode of the 1st season of the 2007 television series Friday Night Lights.

Camden Town
Camden Town (/ˈkæmdən/ ⓘ) is an area in the London Borough of Camden, around 2.5 miles (4 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross. Historically in Middlesex, it is identified in the  London Plan as one of 34 major centres in Greater London.

Laid out as a residential district from 1791 and originally part of the manor of Kentish Town, Camden Town became an important location during the early development of the railways, which reinforced its position on the London canal network. The area's industrial economic base has been replaced by service industries such as retail, tourism and entertainment. The area now hosts street markets and music venues associated with alternative culture.
Theodosia of Tyre
Saint Theodosia of Tyre, according to the historian of the early Christian church Eusebius, was a seventeen-year-old girl who deliberately sought to be executed as a martyr to Christianity in the city of Caesarea in 307 AD. She was tortured, urged to reject Christianity, and, when she refused, thrown into the sea. She is commemorated on April 2.

Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre is a city in Lebanon, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It was one of the earliest Phoenician metropolises and the legendary birthplace of Europa, her brothers Cadmus and Phoenix, and Carthage's founder Dido (Elissa). The city has many ancient sites, including the Tyre Hippodrome, and was added as a whole to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984. The historian Ernest Renan described it as "a city of ruins, built out of ruins".

Tyre is the fifth-largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon, and Baalbek. It is the capital of the Tyre District in the South Governorate. There were approximately 200,000 inhabitants in the Tyre urban area in 2016, including many refugees, as the city hosts three of the twelve Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: Burj El Shimali, El Buss, and Rashidieh.
Berezovka, Charyshsky District, Altai Krai
Berezovka (Russian: Берёзовка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Beryozovsky Selsoviet, Charyshsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 722 as of 2013. It was founded in 1776. There are 13 streets.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Lašva Valley
The Lašva Valley (Croatian: Lašvanska dolina; Serbian Cyrillic: Лашванска долина) is a 17 km (11 mi) long valley in central Bosnia, defined geographically by the Lašva River's route. It is a tributary of the Bosna River. The Lašva River basin covers the territory of four municipalities: Travnik, Novi Travnik, Vitez and Busovača.

Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Травник) is a city located in the Central Bosnia Canton within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of the 2013 census, it had a population of 9,008, while the entire municipality had 23,832 inhabitants. The city is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse demographic composition, primarily consisting of Bosniaks and Croats.
Lanka Podi
Lanka Podi or Lanka Pudi (English meaning: The Burning of Lanka) is a festival celebrated in Sonepur region of Western Odisha, India. Many claim this festival is a further evidence that Sonepur was known as Paschima Lanka. It is observed annually on Bhadra Amavasya or commonly known as Saptapuri Amabasya as per traditional Hindu calendar.

Lanka
Lanka (/ˈlæŋkə/; Sanskrit: [ˈlɐŋkaː]), (modern day ; Sri Lanka) is the name given in Hindu epics to the island fortress capital of the legendary Rakshasa king Ravana in the epics of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The fortress was situated on a plateau between three mountain peaks known as the Trikuta Mountains. The ancient city of Lankapura is said to have been burnt down by Hanuman. After its king, Ravana was killed by Rama with the help of Ravana's brother Vibhishana, the latter was crowned king of Lankapura. His descendants were said to still rule the kingdom during the period of the Pandavas. According to the Mahabharata, the Pandava Sahadeva visited this kingdom during his southern military campaign for the rajasuya of Yudhishthira. The palaces of Ravana were said to be guarded by four-tusked elephants.
Great Britain at the 1968 Winter Olympics
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. Great Britain did not win any medals at these games, the highest finish was fourth in Alpine Skiing.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Ignacio García Aresca
Ignacio García Aresca (born 24 August 1969) is an Argentine politician currently serving as a National Deputy elected in Córdoba Province since 2021. A member of the Justicialist Party, García Aresca served twice as intendente (mayor) of San Francisco from 2013 to 2021.

Córdoba Province, Argentina
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north) Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja, and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.

Córdoba is the second-most populous Argentine province, with 3,978,984 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, Córdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.
Arkansas Tech University
Arkansas Tech University (ATU) is a public university in Russellville, Arkansas, United States. The university offers programs at both baccalaureate and graduate levels in a range of fields. The Arkansas Tech University–Ozark Campus, a two-year satellite campus in the town of Ozark, primarily focuses on associate and certificate education.

Arkansas Senate
The Arkansas State Senate is the upper branch of the Arkansas General Assembly. The Senate consists of 35 members, each representing a district with about 83,000 people. Service in the state legislature is part-time, and many state senators have full-time jobs during the rest of the year. During the current term, the Senate contains twenty-eight Republicans, six Democrats and one vacancy.
Portal – Libraries and the Academy
portal: Libraries and the Academy is an academic journal established in 2001. It focuses on the role of libraries within the academy, addressing topics related to information technology, library administration, and the place of the library in an institution's educational and research mission. It is particularly given to exploration of the effects of technology on scholarship. The journal was awarded runner-up for best new journal by the Council of Editors of Learned Journals. Articles have also been awarded the American Library Association Jesse H. Shera Award for Excellence in Published Research. The journal is published quarterly by the Johns Hopkins University Press.

Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and is the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. The press publishes books and journals, and operates other divisions including fulfillment and electronic databases. Its headquarters are in Charles Village section of Baltimore, Maryland.

In 2017, after the retirement of Kathleen Keane, who is credited with modernizing JHU Press for the digital age, the university appointed new director Barbara Pope.
Gelinpınar, Mazgirt
Gelinpınar (Kurdish: Şomî) is a village in the Mazgirt District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şadiyan and Xiran tribes and had a population of 34 in 2021.

The hamlet of Velişeyh is attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
Mikhail Yakimovich
Mikhail Ivanovich Yakimovich (Belarusian: Міхаіл Іванавіч Якімовіч; Russian: Михаил Иванович Якимович, born 13 January 1967) is a former Belarusian handball player. Throughout his senior career, Yakimovich played for SKA Minsk in the Soviet Union/Belarus, and later for Teka Cantabria and Portland San Antonio in Spain. Besides numerous other achievements, he won the EHF Champions League with all the three teams.

In 1990 he won a silver medal on the World Championship as a member of the Soviet Union team. Two years later he won the gold medal on the 1992 Olympics with the Unified Team. After the Soviet Union was disbanded, he opted to play for the national team of his native Belarus. He participated on several tournaments with the Belarusian team, and although they never won any medals, he gained several individual recognitions, like coming in as the third best scorer overall on the 1995 World Championship.

1995 World Men's Handball Championship
The 1995 World Men's Handball Championship was the 14th team handball World Championship. It was held in Iceland between 7–21 May 1995. France won the championship. Games were played in Reykjavík, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri and Kópavogur.
Johann Nepomuk Locherer
Johann Nepomuk Locherer (August 21, 1773 – February 26, 1837) was a German Catholic theologian born in Freiburg im Breisgau.

From 1790 he studied theology in Freiburg, and furthered his education at the seminary in Meersburg. In 1798 he received his ordination in Breisach, and subsequently served in parishes in Rottenburg am Neckar (from 1799) and Endingen (from 1805). At Endingen he strove for educational reforms. In 1830 he became a professor to the Catholic theological faculty at the University of Giessen.

Locherer is remembered for publication of a major work on church history called Geschichte der christlichen Religion und Kirche. It contained nine volumes and was published from 1824 to 1836. He was also the author of textbooks on Christian church archaeology (Lehrbuch der christlich-kirchlichen Archäologie, 1832) and patristics (Lehrbuch der Patrologie, für akademische Vorlesungen bestimmt, 1837).

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.
Western constituency (Saint Petersburg)
The Western constituency (No.212) is a Russian legislative constituency in Saint Petersburg. The constituency covers south-western Saint Petersburg, including its inner suburbs.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Aleksandr Teterdinko, former Member of Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg, who narrowly won the open seat after defeating two-term United Russia incumbent Sergey Vostretsov in the primary.

Lomonosov, Russia
Lomonosov (Russian: Ломоно́сов; before 1948: Oranienbaum, Ораниенба́ум) is a municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, 40 kilometers (25 mi) west of Saint Petersburg proper. Population: 42,505 (2010 census); 37,776 (2002 census). Lomonosov is the site of the 18th-century royal Oranienbaum park and palace complex, notable as being the only palace in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg that was not captured by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Louis Vulliemin
Louis Vulliemin (7 September 1797, in Yverdon-les-Bains – 10 August 1879, in Lausanne) was a Swiss theologian and historian.

He was educated at Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's institute in Yverdon, then studied theology at the Academy of Lausanne, being ordained as a pastor in 1821. Later on, he was honorary professor of history, philosophy and literature at the Academy (1837–79). From 1847 to 1864 he was also a professor of theology to the faculty of the Free Evangelical Church in Lausanne.

He was a founding member and first president of the Société d'histoire de la Suisse Romande (1837–55).

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (/pɛstəˈlɒtsi/; German: [ˈjoːhan ˈhaɪnrɪç pɛstaˈlɔtsiː] ⓘ; Italian: [pestaˈlɔttsi]; 12 January 1746 – 17 February 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach.

He founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland and wrote many works explaining his revolutionary modern principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart". Thanks to Pestalozzi, illiteracy in 18th-century Switzerland was overcome almost completely by 1830.
G. K. Surya Prakash
G. K. Surya Prakash (born 1953) is a distinguished professor of chemistry, chemical engineering and materials science and holder of the George A. and Judith A. Olah Nobel Laureate Chair in Hydrocarbon Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Southern California. He serves as the director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, where he maintains his prominent research lab. He also served as the chairman of the Chemistry Department for four years between 2017 and 2021. He received a B.Sc. (Hons) from Bangalore University in 1972, a M.Sc. from IIT Madras in 1974 and a Ph.D. from University of Southern California in 1978 under the direction of George Olah, where he worked on characterizing stable carbocations in superacids. He also sits on several editorial boards of major scientific journals.

Bangalore University
Bangalore University (BU) is a public state university in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The university is a part of the Association of Indian Universities (AIU), Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU) and affiliated by University Grants Commission (UGC). Bangalore University is accredited by the NAAC with grade A++ in 2023. Bangalore University was trifurcated into Bengaluru City University and Bengaluru North University.
Jouji Nakata
Jouji Nakata (中田 譲治, Nakata Jōji; born April 22, 1954), sometimes anglicized to George Nakata, is a Japanese actor, voice actor, and narrator who is affiliated with the Office Osawa agency. His major voice roles include Alucard in Hellsing, Hijikata Toshizo in Golden Kamuy, Roy Revant in Solty Rei, Giroro in Sgt. Frog, Kirei Kotomine in Fate/stay night, and the title character in Gankutsuou: The Count of Monte Cristo. In video game franchises, he voices Ieyasu Tokugawa and Kenshin Uesugi in Samurai Warriors and Warriors Orochi series, Albert Wesker in the Resident Evil franchise, Sol Badguy in the Guilty Gear series since Guilty Gear 2: Overture, Naobito Zen'in in Jujutsu Kaisen and Kazuya Mishima in the first, second and first Tag installments of the Tekken series.

Hijikata Toshizō
Hijikata Toshizō (土方 歳三; May 31, 1835 – June 20, 1869) was a Japanese swordsman of the Bakumatsu period and Vice-Commander (副長, Fukucho) of the Shinsengumi. As Vice-Commander, he served the Tokugawa Shogunate and co-led his group in its resistance against the imperial rule brought about by the Meiji Restoration. He fought against the Imperial Army during the Boshin War until his death at the Battle of Hakodate, which ended the war.
Shota Rustaveli Street, Kyiv
Shota Rustaveli Street (Ukrainian: Вулиця Шота Руставелі, romanized: Vulytsia Shota Rustaveli) is a street in the neighborhood of Besarabka (named after the nearby Bessarabska Square and market) in the Pecherskyi District of Kyiv. It runs from Baseina Street to Zhylianska Street.

Pecherskyi District
Pecherskyi District (Ukrainian: Печерський район, romanized: Pechersjkyj rajon) is an urban district of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It lies within the eponymous historical neighborhood, while also including some other historical areas. The Pechersk (Ukrainian: Печерськ, romanized: Pečerśk) neighborhood is located on the hills adjoining the right bank of the Dnieper. These two geographical entities are often confused with each other.
Xaver Affentranger
Xaver Affentranger (1 December 1897 - 9 January 1971) was a Swiss cross-country skier, Nordic combined skier, and ski jumper who competed in the 1920s.

At the 1924 Winter Olympics he finished 17th in the Nordic combined event, 22nd in the 18 km cross-country competition, and 24th in the ski jumping event.

He won a bronze medal in the Nordic combined at the 1925 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Johannisbad.

Cross-country skiing at the 1924 Winter Olympics – Men's 18 kilometre
The 18 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing at the 1924 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on Saturday, 2 February 1924. Forty-one cross-country skiers from twelve nations competed.
Hojanovice
Hojanovice is a municipality and village in Pelhřimov District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Hojanovice lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Pelhřimov, 34 km (21 mi) north-west of Jihlava, and 81 km (50 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.