hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kasper Cichocki
Kasper Cichocki (1545–1616) was a Polish ecclesiastic, theologian and polemicist. He served as canon of Kraków and Sandomierz, canon-prebend of Mydłów, co-founder of the Jesuit college in Sandomierz, pastor of św. Piotra church in Sandomierz and one of the town's most outstanding Counter Reformation writers.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
Kakkali
Kakkalli or Kokkalli is a village in Uttara Kannada district of Sirsi taluk in Karnataka. There are 227 people in Kakkalli currently.  Nearest towns from Kakkalli were:

Sirsi  (20 km)

Yellapur (30 km)

Ankola (40 km)

Hubli (100 km)

Uttara Kannada
Uttara Kannada is the fifth largest district in the Indian state of Karnataka, It is bordered by the state of Goa and Belagavi districts to the north, Dharwad District and Haveri District to the east, Shivamogga District, and Udupi District to the south, and the Laccadive Sea to the west. Karwar is the district headquarters, and Sirsi is the major commercial center in the district.
The district's agroclimatic divisions include the coastal plain consisting of Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar, Bhatkal taluks and Malenadu consisting of Sirsi, Siddapur, Yellapur, Haliyal, Dandeli, Joida, Mundgod taluks.
Hypersomnia (video game)
Video games portal

Hypersomnia is a Polish two-dimensional online shooter game created by Patryk Czachurski. The game is inspired by the Hotline Miami and Counter-Strike games. The game development team consists as of 2025 of 4 people, each person being responsible for programming, graphical effects, level designing and website management.

The game's source code is published on GNU AGPL 3.0 licence. It is available for Windows, macOS and Linux, and can be played in a web browser. The first tournaments related to this game were played at 39th edition of PolyLAN, and also on Poznańska Impreza Wolnego Oprogramowania (Poznań's Free Software Party) in 2025.

GNU Affero General Public License
The GNU Affero General Public License (GNU AGPL) is a free copyleft license published by the Free Software Foundation in November 2007, based on the GNU GPL version 3 and the Affero General Public License (non-GNU).

It is intended for software designed to be run over a network, adding a provision requiring that the corresponding source code of modified versions of the software be prominently offered to all users who interact with the software over a network.

The Open Source Initiative approved the GNU AGPLv3 as an open source license in March 2008 after the company Funambol submitted it for consideration through its CEO Fabrizio Capobianco.
Armsheim
Armsheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Armsheim lies in the Rhenish-Hessian Hills, has roughly 2,650 inhabitants and is the third biggest municipality within the Verbandsgemeinde of Wörrstadt, whose seat is in the like-named municipality. The current Armsheim was formed out of two formerly autonomous centres in 1969, named Armsheim and Schimsheim.

Villa rustica
Villa rustica (transl. farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban  resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house), and the pars rustica (farm area).
2021 Garland shooting
On December 26, 2021, a mass shooting took place at a Texaco convenience store in Garland, Texas. 14-year-old Abel Acosta, armed with a .40-caliber pistol, opened fire on several teenagers, killing three and seriously injuring one other.

.40 S&W
The .40 S&W is a rimless pistol cartridge developed jointly by American firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester in 1990. The .40 S&W was developed as a law enforcement cartridge designed to duplicate the performance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) reduced-velocity 10mm Auto cartridge which could be retrofitted into medium-frame (9 mm size) semi-automatic handguns. It uses 0.40-inch-diameter (10 mm) bullets ranging in weight from 105 to 200 grains (6.8 to 13.0 g).
Mann Gulch
Mann Gulch is a gulch in the Gates of the Mountains Wilderness of the upper Missouri River, 24 miles (39 km) north-northeast of Helena, Montana, in southeastern Lewis and Clark County. It is on the east side of the Missouri River and approximately 9 miles (14 km) east of Interstate 15 (I-15), between Helena and Wolf Creek. Mann Gulch is between Meriwether Canyon immediately to the south and Rescue Gulch immediately to the north, and the creek it contains flows into the Missouri in the canyon known as the Gates of the Mountains. Mann Gulch is approximately 2.4 miles (3.9 km) southeast of Beartooth Mountain.

Wolf Creek, Montana
Wolf Creek is an unincorporated community in Lewis and Clark County, Montana, United States, along Interstate 15, 28 miles (45 km) north of Helena. Its ZIP code is 59648.

In 1887, the Montana Central Railway built its line through the narrow Prickly Pear Canyon, and the town of Wolf Creek, named for the creek, grew to serve the railroad. It later served workers building the Holter Dam from 1908–1910. Interstate 15 split the town in half, nearly obliterating it.
Fisher Dakota Hawk
The Fisher Dakota Hawk is a Canadian side-by-side two-seat, conventional landing gear, single-engined, high-wing monoplane kit aircraft designed for construction by amateur builders.

Fisher Flying Products was originally based in Edgeley, North Dakota, USA but the company is now located in Dorchester, Ontario, Canada.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Romolo Panfi
Romolo Panfi (1632 in Florence – 1690 in Carmignano) was an Italian painter, active in Tuscany. He was active mainly as a battle painter and landscapes.

He was a pupil of Jacopo Vignali and worked in the Medici court of Grand Duke Ferdinand and his brother, Cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici, where Panfi was said to be talented as a musician and dancer. One of his pupils was Giovanni Camillo Sagrestani

Leopoldo de' Medici
Leopoldo de' Medici (6 November 1617 – 10 November 1675) was an Italian cardinal, scholar, patron of the arts and Governor of Siena. He was the brother of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
SM postcode area
The SM postcode area, also known as the Sutton & Morden postcode area, is a group of seven postcode districts in England, within five post towns. These cover part of south-west London, as well as a small part of north-east Surrey.

The main sorting office is in Sutton, with outgoing mail being sorted at Croydon Mail Centre. The area served includes most of the London Borough of Sutton, while most of SM4 covers the southern part of the London Borough of Merton. Most of SM7 and a small part of SM2 cover the northern part of the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, while SM2 also covers the village of East Ewell in the borough of Epsom and Ewell.

London Borough of Sutton
The London Borough of Sutton (pronunciationⓘ) is an Outer London borough in south London, England. It covers an area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi) and is the 80th largest local authority in England by population. It borders the London Borough of Croydon to the east, the London Borough of Merton to the north and the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames to the north-west; it also borders the Surrey boroughs of Epsom and Ewell to the west and Reigate and Banstead to the south. The local authority is Sutton London Borough Council. Its principal town is Sutton.

The borough has had some of the schools with the best results in the country.

Low levels of recorded crime have been a feature of the borough, being among the lowest in London.

The London Borough of Sutton was one of the four "vanguard areas" selected in 2010 for the Big Society initiative.
Brad Oates
Robert Bradley Oates (born September 30, 1953) is an American former professional football player in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the BYU Cougars. Oates played in the NFL for five teams, most prominently playing for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1976 to 1977 and 1979 to 1980. He is the brother of football player Bart Oates.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.
VAT-free imports from the Channel Islands
VAT-free imports from the Channel Islands to the United Kingdom took place for a few years during the early 21st century as a result of low-value consignment relief (LVCR). This is a tax relief that applies to low-valued imports to the European Union, exempting them from value-added tax (VAT). Although the UK was a part of the EU from 1973 until Brexit in 2020, the Channel Islands (two Crown Dependencies) were not and, unlike the UK, they did not charge VAT on purchases. The UK government applied LVCR to imports from the Channel Islands, resulting in the construction of distribution centres on the islands and the export of many low-valued goods from there to the UK. The practice was unilaterally brought to an end in April 2012 by HM Treasury, the finance department of the UK government.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Gerald Gibbs (RAF officer)
Air Marshal Sir Gerald Ernest Gibbs, KBE, CIE, MC & Two Bars (3 September 1896 – 13 October 1992) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force in the first half of the 20th century and the last RAF commander-in-chief of the Indian Air Force.

He was educated at Kingston Grammar School, Surrey. During the First World War he scored 10 victories (all in the S.E.5 biplane), becoming a double ace. He retired to Harare, Zimbabwe, in 1984.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Claire Fontaine
Claire Fontaine is a feminist conceptual art persona created in Paris in 2004 by Fulvia Carnevale and James Thornhill, an Italian-British artist duo who declared themselves her "assistants". Since 2018 Claire Fontaine lives and works in Palermo and has a studio in the historical centre of the Kalsa near Piazza Magione.

After lifting her name from a popular brand of French school notebooks and stationery, Claire Fontaine declared herself a readymade artist and began to elaborate a version of neo-conceptual art that often looks like other people's work. Claire Fontaine translated into English means "Clear Fountain" and can also be conceptually linked to the artwork Fountain by Marcel Duchamp, known as the most famous readymade.

Hal Foster (art critic)
Harold Foss "Hal" Foster (born August 13, 1955) is an American art critic and historian. He was educated at Princeton University, Columbia University, and the City University of New York. He taught at Cornell University from 1991 to 1997 and has been on the faculty at Princeton since 1997. In 1998 he received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Foster's criticism focuses on the role of the avant-garde within postmodernism. In 1983, he edited The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture, a groundbreaking text in postmodernism. In Recodings (1985), he promoted a vision of postmodernism that simultaneously engaged its avant-garde history and commented on contemporary society. In The Return of the Real (1996), he proposed a model of historical recurrence of the avant-garde in which each cycle would improve upon the inevitable failures of previous cycles. He views his roles as critic and historian of art as complementary rather than mutually opposed.
Cheshunt House
Cheshunt House is an Italianate mansion in the Meander Valley, Tasmania, 10 kilometers from Deloraine. It was designed and originally owned by politician, botanist and architect William Archer, started in 1851-52. It was purchased incomplete by the Bowman Brothers from William Archer in 1873, who completed it to his design in 1885. It fell into disrepair during the period of the World Wars and the Great Depression, before a restoration project was undertaken by the family in the 1970s. It is still owned by the Bowman family.

Cheshunt House is listed on the Tasmanian Heritage Register, and was on the Register of the National Estate until that list was replaced. The house was featured on a stamp issued by Australia Post in 2004.

Meander Valley Council
Meander Valley Council is a local government body in northern Tasmania. It covers the western outskirts of Launceston, and further westward along the Meander River. Meander Valley Council is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 19,713. Major towns and localities of the region include Elizabeth Town, Mole Creek, Westbury and the principal town of Deloraine.
Defense Superior Service Medal
The Defense Superior Service Medal (DSSM) is a military decoration of the United States Department of Defense, which is presented to United States Armed Forces service members who perform superior meritorious service in a position of significant responsibility.

It is most often presented to general and flag officers, followed by a lesser number of Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force colonels and Navy and Coast Guard captains. Presented in the name of the United States Secretary of Defense, it was established by President Gerald R. Ford on February 6, 1976 in Executive Order 11904. It is analogous and senior to the Legion of Merit, albeit awarded for service in a joint duty capacity.

Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Various medals, service ribbons, ribbon devices, and specific badges recognize military service and personal accomplishments of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. Such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.
Tatiana Belokonenko
Tatiana Belokonenko (Hebrew: טטיאנה בלוקוננקו, Russian: Татьяна Белоконенко) is a figurative art painter born in Odesa, Ukraine.

A graduate of the Pedagogical College and Art Faculty of the Odesa Pedagogical University, Tatiana has been living in Haifa, Israel since 1999.

Her first private exhibitions in Israel were held in Kibbutz Yagur. Tatiana is a member of the Israeli Painters Union, and since 2005 she is a member of the Society of Israeli Professional Painters.

She was awarded the "People Of The Year 2006" by Israel Plus and is the winner of Limmud FSU 2010 Nobel's Festival.

She is known for the large-scale (more than 6000 square meters) wall-paintings of the moon-park in Grand Canyon (mall), and has also created decorations for cinema, theaters, television, and interior designs for cafés and restaurants.

Many of her paintings are held in private collections.

Yagur
Yagur (Hebrew: יָגוּר) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located on the northeastern slopes of Mount Carmel, about 9 km southeast of Haifa, it falls under the jurisdiction of Zevulun Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,550, making it one of the two largest kibbutzim in the country.
William Nathaniel Bell
William Nathaniel Bell (March 6, 1817 – September 6, 1887), originally from Edwardsville, Illinois and later a resident of Portland, Oregon, was a member of the Denny Party, the first group of Euro-American settlers in what is now Seattle, Washington. He lived in Seattle from 1851 to 1856 and then again from 1870 till his death.

in 1852, Bell was a delegate at the Monticello Convention that produced a petition to US Congress to split the Oregon Territory, creating the Washington Territory, which would later become the state of Washington.

Oregon Territory
The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), Spanish "El Orejón" was part of the Nootka Territory (1789–1795), later in the 19th century, the region was divided between the British Empire and the US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital of the territory was first Oregon City, then Salem, followed briefly by Corvallis, then back to Salem, which became the state capital upon Oregon's admission to the Union.
H. A. Elliott
Harold A. Elliott was an American lawyer and politician from Arizona.  He served several terms in the Arizona State Senate from the 4th Arizona State Legislature through the 7th Arizona State Legislature. He graduated from the University of Michigan Law School, and became an attorney, eventually becoming Phelps Dodge's chief counsel.

7th Arizona State Legislature
The 7th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted from January 1, 1925, to December 31, 1926, during the first and second years of George W. P. Hunt's fifth tenure as Governor of Arizona, in Phoenix.
Snyder Memorial Museum and Creative Arts Center
The Snyder Memorial Museum and Creative Arts Center, formerly the Snyder House, at 1620 East Madison Avenue in Bastrop in Morehouse Parish in northern Louisiana, was built in 1929.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 18, 1996.  The listing included two contributing buildings.

Morehouse Parish, Louisiana
Morehouse Parish (French: Paroisse de Morehouse) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,629. The parish seat is Bastrop. The parish was formed in 1844.

Morehouse Parish comprises the Bastrop, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Monroe–Ruston–Bastrop, LA Combined Statistical Area.
Lesroy Weekes
Lesroy Charlesworth Weekes (born 19 July 1971) in Montserrat, Lesser Antilles, West Indies) is a former first-class cricketer.

Weekes was a fast bowler who made appearances for the Leeward Islands, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire for 3 years, Yorkshire for 2 years and the Yorkshire Cricket Board, taking one hundred sixty nine first-class wickets at an average of 27.11, and scoring 4 runs at 17.83, in a fitful career which spanned the 1990s. He also played in twenty eight List A one day games, taking a wicket at 40.14.

Since retiring from first-class cricket, Weekes became one of the more successful league cricketers in the North of England. In one season for the Yorkshire League Club, Rotherham Town C.C., he amassed over 90 wickets and scored 500 runs. Weekes also played for Elsecar C.C. and currently plays at Wath C.C.

Other than continuing to play cricket, Weekes has become the Head of Cricket at Mount St. Marys College.

Yorkshire Cricket Board
The Yorkshire Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Yorkshire.

From 1999 to 2003 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List A status.
Meera Nanda
Meera Nanda (born 1954) is an Indian writer and historian of science, who has authored several works critiquing the influence of Hindutva, postcolonialism and postmodernism on science, and the flourishing of pseudoscience and vedic science. Meera Nanda taught History of Science at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali from 2009 to 2017, and later - from 2019 to 2020 - she was a Guest Faculty in Humanities and Social Sciences at IISER Pune. In 2023 she became a fellow with the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
2019 Tianjin Open
The 2019 Tianjin Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament, and was part of the WTA International category of the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tuanbo International Tennis Centre in Tianjin, China between 7 October and 13 October 2019. Unseeded Rebecca Peterson won the singles title.

You Xiaodi
You Xiaodi (Chinese: 尤晓迪; pinyin: Yóu Xiǎodí; Mandarin pronunciation: [jǒʊ ɕjàʊ tǐ]; born 12 May 1996) is a Chinese tennis player.

She has won one WTA Challenger doubles title, as well as six singles and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 16 March 2020, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 166. On 12 September 2016, she peaked at No. 102 in the doubles rankings.