hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lanthaniscus
Lanthaniscus is an extinct genus of lanthanosuchoid ankyramorph parareptile known from the Guadalupian epoch (Late Roadian to latest Wordian age) of Eastern Europe, Russia. Lanthaniscus was first named by M. F. Ivakhnenko in 1980 and the type species is Lanthaniscus efremovi. L. efremovi was originally described on the basis of the holotype PIN 3706/9 from Peza-1 locality, Krasnoshchel' Formation, of Arkhangelsk. Various authors had assigned it to the family Lanthanosuchidae; however, Ivakhnenko, who described an additional specimen of L. efremovi in 2008, assigned Lanthaniscus to its own family, the Lanthaniscidae. The additional specimen PIN 4543/2, was collected from the same formation as the holotype, from the Nisogora locality, which is slightly younger in age.

Wordian
In the geologic timescale, the Wordian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the middle of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian Epoch or Series. The Wordian lasted between 266.9 and 264.28 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Roadian and followed by the Capitanian.
CIKS-1
In cryptography, CIKS-1 is a block cipher designed in 2002 by A.A. Moldovyan and N.A. Moldovyan. Like its predecessor, Spectr-H64, it relies heavily on permutations of bits, so is better suited to implementation in hardware than in software.

The algorithm has a block size of 64 bits. It uses an 8 round structure in which half of the block determines the transformation of the other half in each round, similar to a Feistel cipher or RC5. In each round the key also undergoes a transformation dependent on the data. CIKS-1 uses four types of operations: data-dependent permutations, fixed permutations, XORs, and addition mod 4.

The designers of CIKS-1 didn't specify any key schedule for the cipher, but it uses a total key size of 256 bits. Kidney, Heys, and Norvell showed that round keys of low Hamming weight are relatively weak, so keys should be chosen carefully. The same researchers have also proposed a differential cryptanalysis of CIKS-1 which uses 256 chosen plaintexts.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
NVR, Inc.
NVR, Inc. is an American company engaged in home construction headquartered in Reston, Virginia. It also operates a mortgage banking and title services business. The company primarily operates on the East Coast of the United States, but its operations encompass 14 states as well as Washington, D.C. In 2021, 22% of the company's revenue was from the Washington metropolitan area.

NVR operates under the Ryan Homes, NVHomes, and Heartland Homes brands. The company typically does not engage in land development; it acquires finished land lots that are ready for building, which the company believes mitigates risk. As of 2023, the company is the 4th largest home construction company in the United States based on the number of homes closed. It is ranked 389th on the 2022 Fortune 500.

The company's stock price is the second most expensive on U.S. exchanges, behind only Berkshire Hathaway's Class A shares.

Washington metropolitan area
The Washington metropolitan area (also referred to as the National Capital Region, Greater Washington, or locally as the DMV, short for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia) is the metropolitan area comprising Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States, and its surroundings. The metropolitan area includes all of Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland, Virginia and even West Virginia.

The United States federal government defines the area as the Washington–DC, VA–MD–WV metropolitan statistical area. It anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis and is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, the country's third-largest. The area's estimated total population of 6,304,975 (as of 2023) makes it the country's seventh-most populous metropolitan area. It is one of the country's most educated and affluent metropolitan areas.
Mount Edwards railway line
The Mount Edwards railway line was a branch railway in the Scenic Rim region of South East Queensland, Australia. The lines serves a number of small towns in the Fassifern Valley. The first stage of the Mount Edwards line opened from Munbilla to Engelsburg (now Kalbar) on 17 April 1916, but the next stage to Mount Edwards was not completed until 7 October 1922. The line closed on 1 November 1960.

Scenic Rim
The Scenic Rim is a group of forested mountain ranges of the Great Dividing Range, located south of Brisbane agglomeration, straddling the border between south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. In 2021, the Scenic Rim was named as a Lonely Planet top destination for 2022.
Gannon Nunataks
The Gannon Nunataks (70°43′S 69°28′W﻿ / ﻿70.717°S 69.467°W﻿ / -70.717; -69.467) are a notable twin-peaked group of nunataks (about 750 metres (2,460 ft) high) and several smaller rock outcrops, located between the northern end of the LeMay Range and the Lully Foothills, situated in the west-central portion of Alexander Island (between Haydn Inlet and Schubert Inlet), Antarctica. The feature was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, and mapped from these photographs by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1960. It was named in 1977 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Anthony E. Gannon, a British Antarctic Survey meteorological observer at Halley Station, 1970–72, a general assistant at Grytviken, 1972, and a builder at Stonington Island, 1973–75, who participated in a plane-table survey of northern Alexander Island, 1973.

Halley Research Station
Halley Research Station is a research facility in Antarctica on the Brunt Ice Shelf operated by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). The base was established in 1956 to study the Earth's atmosphere. Measurements from Halley led to the discovery of the ozone hole in 1985.
The current base is the sixth in a line of structures and includes design elements intended to overcome the challenge of building on a floating ice shelf without being buried and crushed by snow. As of 2020, the base has been left unstaffed through winter since 2017, due to concerns over the propagation of an ice crack and how this might cut off the evacuation route in an emergency.

The Halley Bay Important Bird Area with its emperor penguin colony lies in the vicinity of the base.
Moto G 5G
Moto G 5G and Motorola One 5G Ace are Android phablets developed by Motorola Mobility, a subsidiary of Lenovo. The Moto G 5G branded variant was initially released in December 2020. In the United States, it was released as Motorola One 5G Ace on 13 January 2021.

Phablet
The term phablet (/ˈfæblət/, /-lɪt/) arose in the early 2010s to describe mobile devices combining or straddling the size formats of smartphones and tablets. The word is a blend word or portmanteau of phone and tablet.

By the late 2010s, the term had largely fallen into disuse, especially as phone sizes grew, in some case to the size of a small tablet, up to 180 mm (7.1 in), with wider aspect ratios.
Electoral history of Tom McClintock
Tom McClintock is an American politician currently serving in the United States House of Representatives since 2009. McClintock served California's 4th congressional district from 2009 to 2023, and the 5th congressional district since 2023. Before his election to the House of Representatives, McClintock served in both chambers of the California State Legislature. He served in the California State Assembly from 1982 to 1992, and again from 1996 to 2000. He also served in the California State Senate from 2000 to 2008. Throughout McClintock's political career, he made several unsuccessful runs for various statewide offices in California, including Controller, Governor, and Lieutenant Governor.

California's 5th congressional district
California's 5th congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in California.

The district is located in the northern San Joaquin Valley and central Sierra Nevada. The district includes Gold Country and small parts of the Central Valley, including all of Amador, Calaveras, Tuolumne and Mariposa counties, western El Dorado County, and eastern Stanislaus, Madera and Fresno counties. Cities and communities in the district include most of Modesto, northern Turlock, northern Fresno, Oakdale, Hughson, Riverbank, Sonora, Jackson, Placerville, Mariposa, and El Dorado Hills.  It also includes Yosemite National Park and part of Kings Canyon National Park. It is represented by Republican Tom McClintock.

From 2013 to 2023, the district was located in the northern part of the San Francisco Bay Area, including Santa Rosa, Vallejo, and most of the Wine Country. The district was represented by Mike Thompson, a Democrat.
Political-Military Communist Party
The Partito Comunista Politico-Militare (PCPM; "Political-Military Communist Party") is an Italian terrorist organization which came to light in 2007, and is linked to the New Red Brigades. 15 members of the PCPM were arrested in a February 2007 raid, including far-left extremist Alfredo Davanzo, who had previously been sentenced to 10 years in prison. In 2012, the second criminal section of Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation definitively dismissed the terrorism charges and confirmed the sentences with reduced sentences inflicted in the appeal processes.

Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)
The Supreme Court of Cassation (Italian: Corte Suprema di Cassazione) is the highest court of appeal or court of last resort in Italy. It has its seat in the Palace of Justice, Rome.

The Court of Cassation also ensures the correct application of law in the inferior and appeal courts and resolves disputes as to which lower court (penal, civil, administrative, military) has jurisdiction to hear a given case.
Simón de Alcazaba y Sotomayor
Simón de Alcazaba y Sotomayor (b. Kingdom of Portugal, 1470 – Puerto de los Leones, East Patagonia, Spanish Empire, May 1535) was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who was appointed by Charles V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, as adelantado and governor of New León. In this role, he founded the first European settlement in Patagonia and the second in what is now Argentina, one year before Pedro de Mendoza attempted the first foundation of Buenos Aires.

Adelantado
Adelantado (UK: /ˌædəlænˈtɑːdoʊ/, US: /-lɑːnˈ-/, Spanish: [aðelanˈtaðo]; meaning 'advanced') was a title held by some Spanish nobles in service of their respective kings during the Middle Ages. It was later used as a military title held by some Spanish conquistadores of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.

Adelantados were granted directly by the monarch the right to become governors and justices of a specific region, which they were charged with conquering, in exchange for funding and organizing the initial explorations, settlements and pacification of the target area on behalf of the Crown of Castile. These areas were usually outside the jurisdiction of an existing audiencia or viceroy, and adelantados were authorized to communicate directly with the Council of the Indies.
2015 Amber Valley Borough Council election
The 2015 Amber Valley Borough Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Amber Valley Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. The Conservatives gained two seats and thereby retook control of the council.

After the election the composition of the council was:

Conservative 24

Labour 21

Amber Valley
Amber Valley is a local government district with borough status in the east of Derbyshire, England, taking its name from the River Amber. Its council is based in Ripley. The district covers a semi-rural area lying to the north of the city of Derby. The district contains four main towns whose economy was based on coal mining and remains to some extent influenced by engineering, distribution and manufacturing, holding for instance the headquarters and production site of Thorntons confectionery.

The House of Commons constituency of Amber Valley is of smaller scope.

The village of Crich and other parts of the district were the setting for ITV drama series Peak Practice.
Flavokavain A
Flavokavain A is a flavokavain found in the kava plant.

A systematic review of studies on kava found evidence that its bioactive compounds, particularly flavokavain A and B, exert antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects across multiple cancer models, highlighting its potential chemotherapeutic use especially for epithelial cancers, though research on oral squamous cell carcinoma remains scarce. It shows strong anticancer effects—particularly against bladder cancer—by inducing apoptosis through Bax-dependent pathways and inhibiting key anti-apoptotic proteins, with promising results in both cell cultures and animal models.

Kava alone is not hepatotoxic in mice, but its chalcone compounds flavokavains A and B significantly increase acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity, suggesting that herb-drug interactions may explain rare severe liver damage seen with kava use in humans.

Liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
Peniel, West Virginia
Peniel is an unincorporated community in Roane County, West Virginia, United States. Peniel is located along the Middle Fork Reedy Creek on U.S. Route 33, 6.5 miles (10.5 km) west-northwest of Spencer.

U.S. Route 33 in West Virginia
U.S. Route 33 (US 33) in the U.S. state of West Virginia extends 248 miles (399 km) from the Ohio River at Ravenswood to the Virginia state line atop Shenandoah Mountain west of Harrisonburg, Virginia.
WUZZ (AM)
WUZZ (1200 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in New Castle, Pennsylvania, serving Lawrence County. It has a classic hits format and is owned by Seven Mountains Media of State College, Pennsylvania, through licensee Southern Belle Media Family, LLC..

WUZZ is powered by day at 5,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna. But because AM 1200 is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A WOAI San Antonio, WUZZ must reduce its power at night to 1,000 watts and use a directional antenna. The transmitter is off Gilmore Road near Interstate 376 in North Beaver Township.

WOAI (AM)
WOAI (1200 kHz) is a commercial radio station in San Antonio, Texas, which airs a news/talk radio format. It is owned and operated by iHeartMedia. With iHeart's headquarters in San Antonio, WOAI is the company's flagship station. The station's studios are in the Stone Oak neighborhood in Far North San Antonio, and its transmitter site is off Santa Clara Road in Zuehl.

WOAI uses the moniker "The 50,000 Watt Blowtorch of South Texas." It is a class A, non-directional clear-channel station, broadcasting full-time at the U.S. maximum power of 50,000 watts. During the day, WOAI covers most of Central and South Texas. WOAI's nighttime signal reaches much of the United States and Mexico, and parts of central Canada. However, it is strongest in the central United States.
Swarup Singh of Udaipur
Maharana Swarup Singh (or Sarup Singh) (8 January 1815 – 17 November 1861) was the Sisodia Rajput ruler of Udaipur State previously Kingdom of Mewar (r. 1842–1861). He was the biological son of Maharaj Shivdan Singh of Bagore branch of the family but was adopted by his elder brother Maharana Sardar Singh. His reign spanned the Indian Rebellion of 1857 although he remained on the sidelines, as a party to the 1818 treaty with the English East India Company  signed by Maharaja Bhim Singh. He died in the year 1861 four years later after the Indian rebellion. He was succeeded by his nephew Shambhu Singh, son of his brother Kunwar Sher Singh.

Maharana
The Maharana ("Great Rana") is a variation on the Indian royal title Rana. Maharana denotes 'great king' or 'high king', similar to the word "Maharaja". The term derives from the Sanskrit title "Mahārāṇaka".
Chelsea Province
Chelsea Province was an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Council. It existed as a two-member electorate from 1976 to 2006, with members holding alternating eight-year terms. It was a marginal seat throughout its existence, and was won by the party that won government at each election from 1982 to 2006. It was abolished from the 2006 state election in the wake of the Bracks Labor government's reform of the Legislative Council.

It was located in the south-east of Melbourne. In 2002, when it was last contested, it covered an area of 266 km2 and included the suburbs of Carrum, Carrum Downs, Chelsea, Cranbourne, Frankston, Hampton Park, Keysborough, Seaford and Springvale.

Keysborough
Keysborough is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 27 km (17 mi) southeast of the Melbourne central business district, located within the City of Greater Dandenong local government area. Keysborough recorded a population of 30,018 at the 2021 census.
Natália Fondrková
Natália Fondrková (born 28 May 1997) is a Slovak Field hockey player who plays as a midfielder and has appeared for Slovakia women's national field hockey team. She previously played for Czech club HC Praga 1946 but currently is playing for Slovak team KPH Rača Bratislava. She was part of Slovak squad which played in EuroHockey Junior Championship U21 A- division in Prague 2015, EuroHockey Indoor Championship II (W) 2014, 2018 Croatia Indoor Cup (W),  2018 EuroHockey Indoor Championship III (W), 2019 Croatia Indoor Cup (W), EuroHockey Championship III (Women) 2019, EuroHockey Indoor Championship III 2020 (W) in Bratislava. With total 38 caps played and 22 international goals scored.

Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship
The Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship is a women's international under-21 field hockey tournament organized by the European Hockey Federation. The tournament has been held since 1977 and serves as a qualification tournament for the Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup. In June 2023, the tournament was renamed from the Women's EuroHockey Junior Championship to the Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship.

The Women's EuroHockey Junior Championships consists of three levels. There is promotion and relegation between the three levels. The top two placed teams in the Championship II are promoted to the following year's Championship while the two lowest placed teams in the Championship are relegated to the following year's Championship II.

The highest level has been won by three different teams: the Netherlands has the most titles with ten, Germany has nine titles and Spain won their first and only title at the 2019 edition in Valencia, Spain.
Air separation
An air separation plant separates atmospheric air into its primary components, typically nitrogen and oxygen, and sometimes also argon and other rare inert gases.

The most common method for air separation is fractional distillation. Cryogenic air separation units (ASUs) are built to provide nitrogen or oxygen and often co-produce argon. Other methods such as membrane, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) are commercially used to separate a single component from ordinary air. High purity oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, used for semiconductor device fabrication, require cryogenic distillation. Similarly, the only viable source of the rare gases neon, krypton,  xenon is the distillation of air using at least two distillation columns. Helium is also recovered in advanced air separation processes.

Fractionating column
A fractionating column or fractional column is equipment used in the distillation of liquid mixtures to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on their differences in volatility. Fractionating columns are used in small-scale laboratory distillations as well as large-scale industrial distillations.
Cieślin, Łódź Voivodeship
Cieślin [ˈt͡ɕɛɕlin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rozprza, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Rozprza, 17 km (11 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 59 km (37 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Franklin Street (Chapel Hill)
Franklin Street is a prominent thoroughfare in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Historic Franklin Street is considered the center of social life for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, as well as the town of Chapel Hill.

It is home to numerous coffee shops, restaurants, museums, bookshops, music stores and bars. The street in downtown Chapel Hill is notable for its nightlife, culture, and regular festivities. The stretch of college-oriented businesses continues west into neighboring Carrboro, where the street's name changes to Main Street. Both streets are home to small music venues, like the Cat's Cradle and the Carrboro Arts Center, which were influential in the birth of Chapel Hill rock. UNC's Morehead Planetarium and Science Center, as well as the Ackland Art Museum, are also located in this area.

Cat's Cradle (venue)
Cat's Cradle is a music venue and nightclub located in Carrboro, North Carolina, less than a mile from the University of North Carolina campus. It has two rooms with a capacity of 750 and 200 people. In the early 1990s, it contributed to the Chapel Hill region being called the "Next Seattle" by the music press, given that the club hosted upcoming regional and national alternative and grunge acts such as Nirvana (who last performed there just 10 days after the release of Nevermind), Pearl Jam, Sonic Youth, The Smashing Pumpkins, and Ween (who documented their December 9, 1992, performance with At the Cat's Cradle, 1992). In later years, the venue also saw performances by John Mayer, Iggy Pop, Sonic Youth and Joan Baez. In August 2009, The Cosmopolitans played their reunion concert at Cat's Cradle following a 27-year hiatus.