hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anthony Greenwald
Anthony Galt Greenwald is a social psychologist who, since 1986, has been a professor of psychology at the University of Washington.

In 1959, Greenwald received a B.A. from Yale University. In 1961, he received a M.A. from Harvard University, and in 1963, he completed his PhD, also at Harvard. After that, he completed a postdoctoral fellowship that lasted from 1963 to 1965 at the Educational Testing Service.

Greenwald started teaching in 1965 as an assistant professor in the psychology department at Ohio State University, which continued until 1986. During that time, he was an associate editor for the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, from 1972 to 1976, before becoming the editor in 1977. From 2001 to 2005, Greenwald was the associate editor of Experimental Psychology.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Grindstone River
The Grindstone River is a 6.7-mile-long (10.8 km) river of Minnesota, a tributary of the Kettle River. Its name is derived either from the Dakota Iŋswú watpá (Small Stones River) or from the Ojibwe Zhiigwanaabikokaa-ziibi (River abundant with grind stones). Sandstone taken from near the river was used to produce sharpening stones. In Ojibwe, Hinckley (Gaa-zhiigwanaabikokaag) is named after this river.

The South Fork Grindstone River rises in a wetland complex in Kroschel Township, Kanabec County, and flows south and east. The North Fork Grindstone River rises from Grindstone Lake in Dell Grove Township, Pine County, and flows south. The two forks join in Hinckley, and the main river flows generally east and empties into the Kettle River in Barry Township, Pine County. Grindstone Lake, the North Fork Grindstone River and the lower course of the Grindstone River are shown on the 1757 edition of the Mitchell Map.

Mitchell Map
The Mitchell Map is a map made by John Mitchell (1711–1768), which was reprinted several times during the second half of the 18th century. The map, formally titled A map of the British and French dominions in North America &c., was used as a primary map source during negotiations for the 1783  Treaty of Paris for defining the boundaries of the newly independent United States. The map remained important for resolving border disputes between the United States and Canada as recently as the 1980s dispute over the Gulf of Maine fisheries. The Mitchell Map is the most comprehensive map of eastern North America made during the colonial era. Its size is about 6.5 feet (2.0 m) wide by 4.5 feet (1.4 m) high.
Rotonda della Besana
45°27′35.2″N 9°12′18.7″E﻿ / ﻿45.459778°N 9.205194°E﻿ / 45.459778; 9.205194

The Rotonda della Besana (also known as Rotonda di Via Besana or Complesso di San Michele ai Nuovi Sepolcri, and originally as Foppone della Ca' Granda) is a late baroque building complex and former cemetery in Milan, Italy, built between 1695 and 1732 and located close to the city center.  The complex comprises a lobate hectagonal colonnade portico enclosing a garden and the deconsacrated church of San Michele ai Sepolcri ("Saint Michael by the Sepulchers").  The portico was designed by architects Francesco Croce and Carlo Raffaello Raffagno, while the church was designed by Attilio Arrigoni.  Although originally a cemetery, over time the Rotonda has been adapted for a number of other uses; today, it is a leisure area and a venue for cultural events.

The complex covers an overall area of 7,100 m2 and owes its current name to its location, at number 15 of Via Enrico Besana.

Colonnade
In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open. In St. Peter's Square in Rome, Bernini's great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space.

When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin porta), it is called a portico. When enclosing an open court, a peristyle. A portico may be more than one rank of columns deep, as at the Pantheon in Rome or the stoae of Ancient Greece.

When the intercolumniation is alternately wide and narrow, a colonnade may be termed "araeosystyle" (Gr. αραιος, "widely spaced", and συστυλος, "with columns set close together"), as in the case of the western porch of St Paul's Cathedral and the east front of the Louvre.
MPL Communications
MPL Communications (which stands for McCartney Productions Ltd.)  (NAICS 512230, SIC 2741) is the umbrella company for the business interests of Paul McCartney and was established in 1969. In addition to handling McCartney's post-Beatles work, MPL is one of the world's largest privately owned music publishers through its acquisition of other publishing companies.

North American Industry Classification System
The North American Industry Classification System or NAICS (/neɪks/) is a classification of business establishments by type of economic activity (the process of production). It is used by governments and business in Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America.  It has largely replaced the older Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, except in some government agencies, such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

An establishment is typically a single physical location, though administratively distinct operations at a single location may be treated as separate establishments.  Each establishment is classified as an industry according to the primary business activity taking place there.  NAICS does not offer guidance on organizing enterprises (companies) composed of multiple establishments.
Tropisms
Tropisms (French: Tropismes [tʁɔ.pism]) is an experimental novel by Nathalie Sarraute, first published in 1939. It is considered a forerunner of the Nouveau Roman. Jean Genet, Marguerite Duras and Jean-Paul Sartre all described it as a masterpiece.

The title refers to tropisms, stimuli to plant growth; in the human sense, Sarraute imagined tropisms as "interior movements that precede and prepare our words and actions, at the limits of our consciousness."

It was ranked #73 in Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century.

Marguerite Duras
Marguerite Germaine Marie Donnadieu (French: [maʁɡ(ə)ʁit ʒɛʁmɛn maʁi dɔnadjø], 4 April 1914 – 3 March 1996), known as Marguerite Duras (French: [maʁɡ(ə)ʁit dyʁas]), was a French novelist, playwright, screenwriter, essayist, and experimental filmmaker. Her script for the film Hiroshima mon amour (1959) earned her a nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards.
Communist Party of Belgium
The Communist Party of Belgium (Dutch: Kommunistische Partij van België, pronounced [ˌkɔmyˈnɪstisə pɑrˈtɛi vɑm ˈbɛlɣijə], KPB; French: Parti Communiste de Belgique, pronounced [paʁti kɔmynist də bɛlʒik], PCB) was a political party in Belgium from 1921 to 1989. The youth wing of KPB/PCB was known as the Communist Youth of Belgium. The party published a newspaper known as Le Drapeau Rouge in French and De Roode Vaan in Dutch.

Le Rœulx
Le Rœulx (French pronunciation: [lə ʁø] ⓘ; Walloon: El Rû) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

On January 1, 2006, Le Rœulx had a total population of 7,977. The total area is 42.80 km2 which gives a population density of 186 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Gottignies, Le Rœulx, Mignault, Thieu, and Ville-sur-Haine.

The Château du Rœulx, a family seat of the Comtes de Croÿ-Rœulx, is situated near the town.
Konstanty Kazimierz Brzostowski
Konstanty Kazimierz Brzostowski (1644–1722) was a noble of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, count of the Holy See, and papal prelate. He was Grand Secretary of Lithuania from 1671, and shortly thereafter was Grand Writer of Lithuania. He was bishop of Smoleńsk from 1685 to 1687 and bishop of Vilnius from 1687.

Konstanty studied at the Vilnius ecclesiastical seminary and in Rome (1657–1659).: 233   He became a member of the Vilnius Chapter in 1669.: 233

In 1689, Konstanty was one of the judges who sentenced Kazimierz Łyszczyński to death for atheism. Brzostowski was a political opponent of the Sapieha family and excommunicated the Grand Hetman of Lithuania Kazimierz Jan Sapieha in 1694 and again in 1709.: 233   He unsuccessfully tried to make Peter I of Russia adopt more tolerant policies towards the followers of Union of Brest.

Konstanty Brzostowski was known as "the quarrelsome bishop".: 233

Sapieha
The House of Sapieha is a Polish–Lithuanian noble and magnate family of Ruthenian origin, descending from the medieval boyars of Smolensk and Polotsk. The family acquired great influence and wealth in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 16th century.
Canadian Classique
The Canadian Classique, also known as the 401 Derby and the Two Solitudes Derby, is a soccer rivalry between Canadian clubs, Toronto FC and CF Montréal (formerly the Montreal Impact). The rivalry gets the "401" nickname from Ontario Highway 401, which forms most of the standard driving route between the two cities (with the remainder being Quebec Autoroute 20), as well as the Two Solitudes book and cultural phenomenon. It is a tense rivalry, stemming from other sporting rivalries between Toronto and Montreal.

Greg Sutton (soccer)
Gregory Sutton (born April 19, 1977) is a Canadian former soccer player and broadcaster. He played as a goalkeeper for several A-League and Major League Soccer teams, including the Montreal Impact and Toronto FC, as well as the Canada national team.
Sharon Ann Hunt
Sharon Ann Hunt is a cardiology professor and Director of the Post Heart Transplant Programme in Palo Alto, California and is affiliated with Stanford University Medical Center, professionally known for her work in the care of patients after heart transplantation.

With a career at Stanford spanning over fifty years, Hunt has witnessed the history of heart transplant surgery from the very first one in the US by Norman Shumway in 1968, through the international moratorium on heart transplants and the recent decades of combined heart-lung transplants and mechanical assist devices.

She is a past president of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation and received their lifetime achievement award in 2012.

As one of the 130 cardiology specialists at Stanford, her other activities include contributions to Uptodate and Hurst's Cardiology and more than 200 publications.

Heart transplantation
A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplant, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. As of 2018, the most common procedure is to take a functioning heart from a recently deceased organ donor (brain death is the most common) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own heart is either removed and replaced with the donor heart (orthotopic procedure) or, much less commonly, the recipient's diseased heart is left in place to support the donor heart (heterotopic, or "piggyback", transplant procedure).

Approximately 5,000 heart transplants are performed each year worldwide, more than half of which are in the US. Post-operative survival periods average 15 years. Heart transplantation is not considered to be a cure for heart disease; rather it is a life-saving treatment intended to improve the quality and duration of life for a recipient.
1963 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1963 La Flèche Wallonne was the 27th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 6 May 1963. The race started in Liège and finished in Charleroi. The race was won by Raymond Poulidor of the Mercier team.

Mercier (cycling team)
Mercier was a French professional cycling team that promoted and raced on Mercier racing bikes. Together with the Peugeot team, the Mercier team had a long presence in the cycling sport and in the Tour de France from 1935 until 1984.
The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia is a 2006 book by Neil Gorsuch. The book presents legal and moral arguments against euthanasia and assisted suicide, advocating for the retention of bans on the practices. It explores case histories from jurisdictions that have legalized the practice, including Oregon and the Netherlands. The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia grew out of Gorsuch's doctoral dissertation. While attending Oxford University, he studied legal and ethical issues related to assisted suicide and euthanasia under John Finnis, an Australian legal scholar opposed to assisted suicide.

Euthanasia in the Netherlands
Euthanasia in the Netherlands is regulated by the "Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide (Review Procedures) Act" which was passed and took in effect in 2002. It states that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are not punishable if the attending physician acts in accordance with criteria of due care. These criteria concern the patient's request, the patient's suffering (unbearable and hopeless), the information provided to the patient, the absence of reasonable alternatives, consultation of another physician and the applied method of ending life. To demonstrate their compliance, the Act requires physicians to consult another, independent colleague before the euthanasia (a so called "scen doctor") and to send a report after the euthanasia to a review committee.
Zwemmer
Zwemmer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Zwemmer (1892–1979), Dutch-born British bookseller, book distributor, art dealer, publisher and collector

Desmond Zwemmer (1919–2000), British publisher and bookseller

Jaap Zwemmer (born 1945), Dutch fiscal jurist

Desmond Zwemmer
Desmond Zwemmer (6 December 1919 – 8 September 2000) was a British publisher and bookseller. For many years he ran the publishing firm A. Zwemmer Ltd. which published award-winning "books about specialised areas of the arts". He also worked with the London-based arts bookshop, A. Zwemmer (commonly referred to as "Zwemmer's"), which has been variously praised  by Sir Kenneth Clark who called it a "source of refreshment", by Henry Moore and by Alfred H. Barr Jr.
Rifda Irfanaluthfi
Rifda Irfanaluthfi (born 16 October 1999) is an Indonesian artistic gymnast. She is the 2018 Asian Games floor exercise silver medalist and a four-time SEA Games champion. She is also a three-time medalist on the FIG World Cup series. She represented Indonesia at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

SEA Games
The Southeast Asian Games, commonly known as SEA Games, is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under the regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia.

The SEA Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia, the others being South Asian Games, West Asian Games, East Asian Games, and Central Asian Games.
Ceriporia amazonica
Ceriporia amazonica is a species of crust fungus in the family Irpicaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as new to science in 2014. The fungus is characterized by its salmon-coloured pore surface with angular pores numbering 1–3 per millimetre, and small ellipsoid spores (measuring 2–3 μm) that are among the smallest in genus Ceriporia. The type locality is Amapá National Forest, in the Brazilian Amazon, for which the species is named.

Corticioid fungi
The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Corticium ("corticioid" means Corticium-like) and subsequently to the family Corticiaceae, but it is now known that all corticioid species are not necessarily closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers and other texts.
Mapna Locomotive Engineering and Manufacturing Company
MAPNA Locomotive Engineering and Manufacturing Company (MLC) is an Iranian manufacturing company which was established in 2006. The company's manufacturing plant was officially inaugurated in 2012 with the objective of manufacturing 150 passenger locomotives in cooperation with Siemens, to be delivered to Iran's Railways Company (RAI).

Siemens Mobility
Siemens Mobility GmbH is a division of Siemens that specializes in rail transport. With its global headquarters in Munich, Siemens Mobility has four core business units: Mobility Management, dedicated to rail technology and intelligent traffic systems, Railway Electrification, Rolling Stock, and Customer Services.
Poecilodryas
Poecilodryas is a genus of passerine birds in the Australasian robin family Petroicidae.

The genus was erected by the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould in 1865. The type species was subsequently designated as the buff-sided robin (Poecilodryas cerviniventris). The genus name combines the Ancient Greek poikilos "variegated" with dryad "tree-nymph".

John Gould
John Gould FRS (/ɡuːld/; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist who published monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. Because of his 1840s seven-volume series The Birds of Australia and its updates he has been considered the father of bird study in Australia, and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species.
2008–09 NOFV-Oberliga
The 2008–09 season of the NOFV-Oberliga was the first season of the league at tier five (V) of the German football league system after the introduction of the 3. Liga in Germany.

The NOFV-Oberliga is split into two divisions, the NOFV-Oberliga Nord and the NOFV-Oberliga Süd. The champions of both divisions,  Tennis Borussia Berlin and ZFC Meuselwitz, were directly promoted to the 2009–10 Regionalliga Nord.

NOFV-Oberliga Nord
The NOFV-Oberliga Nord is the fifth tier of the German football league system in the northern states of the former East Germany and West Berlin. It covers the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and northern Saxony-Anhalt. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system, and until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the third tier.
Hugo Sillén
Klas Hugo Sillén (18 December 1892, Stockholm – 4 December 1971) was a Swedish communist party politician. He first joined communism in 1917, becoming the secretary of the youth wing of the Communist Party, the Social Democratic Youth League, which he was secretary of until 1924. In the 1929 split of the Communist Party of Sweden, Sillén led the pro-Comintern fraction that expelled Karl Kilbom and the majority of the party members with support of the Comintern that feared Kilbom would support Bukharin's right opposition against Joseph Stalin. He was also editor-in-chief of the party organ, Ny Dag, from 1931 to 1934. Hugo Sillén became a devoted Stalinist.

Right Opposition
The Right Opposition (Russian: Правая оппозиция, romanized: Pravaya oppozitsiya) or Right Tendency (Правый уклон, Praviy uklon) in the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was a label formulated by Joseph Stalin in Autumn of 1928 for the opposition against certain measures included within the first five-year plan, an opposition which was led by Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov, Mikhail Tomsky, and their supporters within the Soviet Union that did not follow the so-called "general line of the party". It is also the name given to "right-wing" critics within the Communist movement internationally, particularly those who coalesced in the International Communist Opposition, regardless of whether they identified with Bukharin and Rykov.
DeSimone Consulting Engineers
DeSimone Consulting Engineering is a structural engineering firm founded by Vincent J. DeSimone in 1969 in New York City. The firm provides structural engineering services to architects, owners and developers, and performs structural analysis and design for all types of buildings at all project phases. DeSimone also launched a Property Loss Consulting division in 2016. The company has offices in Boston, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Foxborough, Houston, Las Vegas, Miami, New Haven, New York City, San Francisco, London, Medellín, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai. DeSimone has designed over 10,000 projects in 40 states and 45 countries.

American Council of Engineering Companies
The American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC) is the oldest and largest business association of engineering companies. It is organized as a federation of 51 state and regional councils with national headquarters in Washington, D.C., comprising thousands of engineering practices throughout the country. It administers extensive lobbying and education programs.
Lord Caresser
Rufus Callender (1910–1976), better known as Lord Caresser, was a Trinidadian calypsonian (calypso singer/composer). He is best known for his 1937 recording of "Edward the VIII" (a.k.a. "Love, Love Alone"), a calypso about the 1936 Abdication of Edward VIII of England. This was one of the best-selling records in the golden age of calypso of the 1930s and early 1940s, and generated further hits for Jamaican singer Lord Flea and American singer Harry Belafonte when they covered it in the 1950s.

Lord Flea
Lord Flea was the stage name of Norman Byfield Thomas (1931/32 or 1933/34 – 18 May 1959), a Jamaican mento musician credited with "helping start the calypso craze in U.S." With his band The Calypsonians, Flea toured America throughout the late 1950s, and released an album on the Capitol label.  The band also performed in two calypso-related films
Gloria Salguero Gross
Mercedes Gloria Salguero Gross (24 September 1941 – 1 November 2015) was a Salvadoran politician, businesswoman, and one of the founders of the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA). She served as the President of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador from 1994 to 1997.

Women in business
The phrase women in business refers to female businesspeople who hold positions, particularly leadership in the fields of commerce, business, and entrepreneurship. It advocates for their increased participation in business.

Increased participation of women in business can be important for variation in business development, ideas, and business products. Participation also encourages the development of social networks and supports that have positive repercussions for women and for their social environment.

The status of women in business varies significantly around the world. Sometimes a lack of adequate business capital, female education, and training programs in the use of technology  can mean women are more constrained by their social and political environment than men.