hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
September 1999 Democratic Party of Japan leadership election
The September 1999 Democratic Party of Japan leadership election was held on 25 September 1999. Incumbent president Naoto Kan sought re-election but was defeated by party co-founder Yukio Hatoyama. Hatoyama came up just short of a majority on the first ballot, and won 182 votes to Kan's 130 on a runoff.

Naoto Kan
Naoto Kan (菅 直人, Kan Naoto; born 10 October 1946) is a Japanese former politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) from June 2010 to September 2011.

Kan was the first Prime Minister since the resignation of Junichiro Koizumi in 2006 to serve for more than one year, with his predecessors Yukio Hatoyama, Tarō Asō, Yasuo Fukuda, and Shinzo Abe either resigning prematurely or losing an election. On 26 August 2011, Kan announced his resignation. Yoshihiko Noda was elected as his successor.

On 1 August 2012, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced Kan would be one of the members of the UN high-level panel on the post-2015 development agenda.

Kan would announce his retirement from politics in November 2023. In February 2024 he would publish a memoir reflecting on his time in politics titled 'Fifty Years of Citizen Politics' (市民政治50年, Shimin Seiji 50-nen).
Eilam
Eilam or Eillam is an Israeli name. Notable people with this name include:

Avraham Eilam-Amzallag (born 1941), Israeli musician and composer

Barak Eilam, Israeli electrical engineer and businessman

Eldad Eilam, author of Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering

Esther Eillam (July 12, 1939 – July 29, 2023), Israeli feminist

Tamar Eilam, Israeli-American computer scientist

Uzi Eilam, Israeli general and director of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission

Esther Eillam
Esther Eillam (Hebrew: אסתר עילם‎; July 12, 1939 – July 29, 2023) was a central figure in Israeli feminism from its inception. Eillam's activism and her writings on feminism and social justice have garnered her awards and recognition, including an honorary doctorate from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Eillam was an originator and founder of The Feminist Movement in Tel Aviv (1971), and one of the founders of the Israeli Center for Assistance to Victims of Sexual Assault, and one of the founders of the Mizrahi feminist organization, Ahoti - for Women in Israel (Ahoti/Achoti = [my] sister). She was active in various fields in Israeli feminism, including politics, culture, and education. She was the organizer of major events in Israel against sexual and gender violence, and was also active in the cause of peace.
Pan-Alcidae
Pan-Alcidae is a clade of charadriiform birds containing the auks and their extinct relatives. It was named in 2011 by N.A. Smith, who defined it as all descendants of the common ancestor of the group Mancallinae and crown group auks (Alcidae), but some have disputed the use of the Pan- prefix in general for family-group names regulated by the Zoocode (ICZN Code).

Charadriiformes
Charadriiformes (/kəˈrædri.ɪfɔːrmiːz/, from Charadrius, the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water and eat invertebrates or other small animals; however, some are pelagic (seabirds), others frequent deserts, and a few are found in dense forest. Members of this group can also collectively be referred to as shorebirds.
Château Monbousquet
44°52′16″N 0°10′33″W﻿ / ﻿44.87116°N 0.17571°W﻿ / 44.87116; -0.17571

Château Monbousquet is a Bordeaux wine which has the appellation Saint-Émilion, ranked Grand cru classé in the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine. The winery is located in the Right Bank of France’s Bordeaux wine region in the commune of Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens, in the department Gironde.

Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens
Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens (Languedocien: Sent Sulpici de Faleirens) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

It is one of eight municipalities forming the jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion, which is  a UNESCO World Heritage of Humanity for its historic vineyard landscape that has survived intact and in use.
Keith Sherman & Associates
Keith Sherman & Associates, also known as (KSA), is a public relations, marketing, and communications company headquartered in Times Square, New York City. Specializing in entertainment, KSA represents a broad range of clients, including film, television, theatre, sports, major events, and multi-national corporations.

Most notably, KSA served as the exclusive communications firm for The Tony Awards for nearly two decades and The New York Times for 11 years.  Other major clients include Fortune 500 professional services firm Marsh McLennan, the world's oldest and largest cancer center Memorial-Sloan Kettering, and Montreal International Jazz Festival, the largest jazz festival in the world.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) is a cancer treatment and research institution in Manhattan in New York City. MSKCC is one of 72 National Cancer Institute–designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. Its main campus is located at 1275 York Avenue between 67th and 68th Streets in Manhattan.

It was formed in 1980 from the merger of the Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases, founded in 1884, and the adjacent Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, founded in 1945. The two medical entities had formally coordinated their operations since 1960.
Voras Mountains
The Voras Mountains (Greek: Όρος Βόρας; also Boras), also known as Nidže (Macedonian: Ниџеⓘ, Turkish: Nice Dağı) are a mountain range situated on the border between Greece and North Macedonia. It separates the Pella regional unit on the Greek side in the south from the Mariovo region on the North Macedonia side in the north. The tallest peak in the range is Kaimakchalan at 2,524 m (8,281 ft). Adjacent peaks are Starkov grob (1,876 m) and Dobro Pole (1,700 m).

The mountain range hosts a ski resort and the hot springs at Loutra Loutrakiou (Pozar) on the Greek side.

The mountain can be reached from the town of Bitola and nearby villages on the North Macedonia side.

Pozar Baths
Pozar thermal baths (Greek: Λουτρά Πόζαρ) are located 32 km north of Edessa and 13 km west of Aridaia in the region of Macedonia, Greece.

The baths are naturally heated at 37 °C (99 °F) and are a popular tourist attraction in the cooler months.
Extensive category
In mathematics, an extensive category is a category C with finite coproducts that are disjoint and well-behaved with respect to pullbacks. Equivalently, C is extensive if the coproduct functor from the product of the slice categories C/X × C/Y to the slice category C/(X + Y) is an equivalence of categories for all objects X and Y of C.

Coproduct
In category theory, the coproduct, or categorical sum, is a construction which includes as examples the disjoint union of sets and of topological spaces, the free product of groups, and the direct sum of modules and vector spaces.  The coproduct of a family of objects is essentially the "least specific" object to which each object in the family admits a morphism.  It is the category-theoretic dual notion to the categorical product,  which means the definition is the same as the product but with all arrows reversed. Despite this seemingly innocuous change in the name and notation, coproducts can be and typically are dramatically different from products within a given category.
Vipsania gens
The gens Vipsania or Vipsana was an obscure plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens appear in history, although a number are known from inscriptions.  By far the most illustrious of the family was Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, a close friend and adviser of Augustus, whom the emperor intended to make his heir.  After Agrippa died, Augustus adopted his friend's sons, each of whom was considered a possible heir to the Empire, but when each of them died or proved unsuitable, Augustus chose another heir, the future emperor Tiberius.

Julia the Elder
Julia the Elder (30 October 39 BC – AD 14), known to her contemporaries as Julia Caesaris filia or Julia Augusti filia (Classical Latin: IVLIA•CAESARIS•FILIA or IVLIA•AVGVSTI•FILIA), was the daughter and only biological child of Augustus, the first Roman emperor, and his second wife, Scribonia. Julia was also stepsister and second wife of the Emperor Tiberius; maternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and the Empress Agrippina the Younger; grandmother-in-law of the Emperor Claudius; and maternal great-grandmother of the Emperor Nero. Her epithet "the Elder" distinguishes her from her daughter, Julia the Younger.
Quality Chemical Industries Limited
Quality Chemical Industries Limited (QCIL), formerly Cipla Quality Chemical Industries Limited (CiplaQCIL) is a pharmaceutical manufacturing company, established in Uganda in 2005. The company is the largest producer of World Health Organization (WHO) pre-qualified HIV/AIDS and malaria treatments in the region. According to a 2007 published report, QCIL was the only company in Africa to manufacture triple-combination antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. QCIL currently produces TLD (a combination of tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir), the latest first-line treatment used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. QCIL also manufactures antimalarials (ACTs), including Lumartem, containing artemisinin and lumefantrine, and the Hepatitis B generic medicines  Texavir and Zentair.

The company also manufactures antibacterials, anti-hypertensives, vasodilators, anti-emetics, antibiotics and antidiabetics.

Lumefantrine
Lumefantrine (or benflumetol) is an antimalarial drug. It is only used in combination with artemether. This combination is frequently the first-line medication for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Lumefantrine has a much longer half-life compared to artemether (3-6 days vs. 2 hours), and is therefore thought to clear any residual parasites that remain after combination treatment.
Ecclesiastical Commissioners of Ireland
The Board of Ecclesiastical Commissioners was an agency of the Dublin Castle administration which oversaw the funding, building and repairs to churches and glebe houses of the Church of Ireland. It was established by the Church Temporalities Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37) to supersede the Board of First Fruits as part of a reform and rationalisation of the Church's structure.  Under the Irish Church Act 1869 it was superseded by the Church Temporalities Commission, to prepare for the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1871 and deal with subsequent changes in property ownership. Historic monuments were transferred in 1874 to the Board of Public Works. The Irish Church Act Amendment Act, 1881 dissolved the Church Temporalities Commission and transferred its remaining functions to by the Irish Land Commission.

Glebe
A glebe (/ɡliːb/, also known as church furlong, rectory manor or parson's close(s)) is an area of land within an ecclesiastical parish used to support a parish priest.  The land may be owned by the church, or its profits may be reserved to the church.
Meitei mythology
Meitei mythology (or Manipuri mythology) (Meitei: Meitei Mi Lai Tingi Wari) is a collection of myths, belonging to the religious and cultural traditions of the Meitei people, the predominant ethnic group of Manipur. It is associated with traditional Meitei religion of Sanamahism. Meitei myths explain various natural phenomena, how human civilization developed, and the reasons of many events.

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
Army of the Rhine (1870)
The Army of the Rhine (French: Armée du Rhin) was a French military unit that fought in the Franco-Prussian War. It was created after the declaration of war on July 18 1870.

The unit participated in combats in Lorraine, then divided to form a second army, the Army of Châlons.

The Army of the Rhine surrendered on 27 October at the Siege of Metz.

Félix Douay
Félix Charles Douay (14 August 1816 – 5 May 1879) was a general in the French army whose career spanned the reign of King Louis-Philippe, the Second French Republic, the Second French Empire of Napoleon III, and the early years of the Third Republic. He was the brother of another career soldier, General Abel Douay.

He served in the Crimean War, in Italy, and in Mexico. For bravery at the battles of Magenta and Solferino, he was elevated to brigadier general.

During the Franco-Prussian War he was Commander-in-Chief of the French Seventh Army Corps. After the first defeats on the Alsace border, 7th Corps retreated and became part of Marshal Patrice de Mac-Mahon's frontline Army of Châlons. He was taken prisoner at the Battle of Sedan.

After his return to France, Douay led his Fourth Army Corps against the Paris Commune. He was first to enter Paris, 22 May 1871, and saved the Louvre from destruction.
Fruit picking
Fruit picking or fruit harvesting is a seasonal activity (paid or recreational) that occurs during harvest time in areas with fruit growing wild or being farmed in orchards. Some farms market "You-Pick" for orchards, such as the tradition of Apple and Orange picking in North America, as a form of value-add agritourism.

Recreation
Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".
Sales transformation
Sales transformation is a change management discipline that enables company executives to improve sales performance by aligning resources that relate to sales, management, marketing, and customer service, or improving sales talent and sales operations.

The goals of a sales transformation initiative are typically to help the board drive the company toward its revenue goals, to improve customer intimacy, to allow the head of sales to hit their revenue targets, and to empower salespeople to earn more money.

Sales operations
Sales operations is a set of business activities and processes that help a sales organization run effectively, efficiently and in support of business strategies and objectives. Sales operations may also be referred to as sales, sales support, or business operations.
Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics was held at Dream Island Archery Park in Tokyo Bay Zone It consisted of 9 events (3 men, 3 women, 3 mixed teams). It was expected that there would be 140 archer slots in the qualifying rounds to the countdown of the Games.

The 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They kept the 2020 name and were held from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

Tokyo Bay
Tokyo Bay (東京湾, Tōkyō-wan) is a bay located in the southern Kantō region of Japan spanning the coasts of Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Chiba Prefecture, on the southern coast of the island of Honshu. Tokyo Bay is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Uraga Channel. The Tokyo Bay region is the most populous and the largest industrialized area in Japan.
Indian Literature (journal)
Indian Literature is an English language literary journal published bi-monthly by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. It was first launched in 1957, and is currently edited by British-Indian journalist Antara Dev Sen.

Tapan Kumar Pradhan
Tapan Kumar Pradhan (born 22 October 1972) is an Indian poet, writer and translator from Odisha. He is best known for his poem collection "Kalahandi" which was awarded second place in Sahitya Akademi's Golden Jubilee Indian Literature Translation Prize for Poetry in 2007. His other works include "Equation", "I, She and the Sea", "Wind in the Afternoon" and "Dance of Shiva".
James Bailey (businessman)
James Bailey (born 1973/1974) is the executive director (CEO) of the UK's Waitrose supermarket chain.

Bailey was educated at Lewes Old Grammar School, and Lancaster University.

Bailey began his career as a management trainee in the National Health Service (NHS) for three years, followed by three years in financial services. He worked for Sainsbury's for 18 years, rising to grocery buying director, before leaving in 2019.

Bailey joined Waitrose in April 2020 as its executive director (CEO). He replaced former MD Rob Collins, who left in January.

He is married to Emma, and they have two children.

Waitrose
Waitrose Limited, trading as Waitrose & Partners, is a British supermarket chain, founded in 1904 as Waite, Rose & Taylor, later shortened to Waitrose. In 1937, it was acquired by the John Lewis Partnership, the UK's largest employee-owned business, which continues to operate the brand. The company's head offices are in Bracknell, Berkshire.

As of April 2023, Waitrose & Partners operates 329 shops across Great Britain and the Channel Islands, including 65 "little Waitrose" convenience shops. They also export products to 52 countries and have locations in the Middle East.

Known for its "upmarket" reputation, as described by The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian, Waitrose has been positioned as a premium supermarket. However, former managing director Mark Price has said that its prices are competitive with those of Tesco, a mid-market chain. The company holds a royal warrant to supply groceries, wine, and spirits to King Charles III.
1985 Brownlow Medal
The 1985 Brownlow Medal was the 58th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Brad Hardie of the Footscray Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-two votes during the 1985 VFL season.

1985 VFL season
The 1985 VFL season was the 89th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria.

The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 23 March until 28 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top five clubs. The season was the first to feature premiership matches on Friday nights.

The premiership was won by the Essendon Football Club for the 14th time and second time consecutively, after it defeated Hawthorn by 78 points in the 1985 VFL Grand Final.
Dorcas Denhartog
Dorcas Denhartog (born February 2, 1965) is a retired American cross-country skier who competed in the late 1980s. She finished eighth in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.

Denhartog graduated from Middlebury College in 1987, where she won the individual title at the 1985 NCAA Women's Division III Cross Country Championship.

She currently works as a school teacher and amateur cross-country coach.

NCAA Division III women's cross country championships
The NCAA Division III women's cross country championships are contested at an annual cross country meet hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's intercollegiate cross country running among its Division III programs in the United States. It is held every fall, usually on the Saturday before Thanksgiving in November.

The most successful program is Johns Hopkins, with eight national titles.

The current champions are NYU, who won their first title in 2025.
Mark Blake (footballer, born 1967)
Mark Christopher Blake (born 17 December 1967) is an English retired footballer, who played as a defender for Southampton, Colchester United, Shrewsbury Town, Fulham, AS Cannes and Aldershot Town. He made 301 appearances in The Football League, scoring 23 goals.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
William Redfern Watt
William Redfern Watt (1813 – 17 October 1894) was an Irish-born Australian politician.

He was born at Belfast and migrated to New South Wales around 1832, to manage the properties of his uncle William Redfern. Around 1838 he married Mary Grant, with whom he had six children. A pastoralist, he had acquired 70,000 acres in the Lachlan River district by 1859, when he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Carcoar. He remained in the Assembly until his resignation in 1862. Watt died at Waverley in 1894.

Waverley, New South Wales
Waverley is a suburb in the Eastern suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Waverley is located seven kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Waverley Council.

Waverley Council takes its name from the suburb but its administrative centre is located in the adjacent suburb of Bondi Junction, which is also a major commercial centre. Waverley is the highest point of altitude in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs.
Northeast High School (Pasadena, Maryland)
Northeast High School is a public high school in unincorporated northeastern Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The school opened in 1964 and serves as one of two high schools for the town of Pasadena, which is fifteen miles south of Baltimore. The school is situated in Pasadena's eastern coastal area community, known as Riveria Beach, along the south and west shores of the outer Patapsco River near the Baltimore Harbor and Seaport where it flows into the Chesapeake Bay on its western shore.

The school newsletter is called the "Eaglegram" and the school newspaper is called the "Eagle's Revenge".

Patapsco River
The Patapsco River (/pəˈtæpˌskoʊ/ pə-TAP-skoh ⓘ) mainstem is a 39-mile (63 km) river in central Maryland that flows into Chesapeake Bay. The river's tidal portion forms the harbor for the city of Baltimore. With its South Branch, the Patapsco forms the northern border of Howard County, Maryland. The name "Patapsco" is derived from the Algonquian pota-psk-ut, which translates to "backwater" or "tide covered with froth".
Besiyata Dishmaya
Besiyata Dishmaya (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בְּסִיַּעְתָּא דִּשְׁמַיָּא, romanized: bəsiyyaʿtāʾ dišmayyāʾ) is a phrase meaning 'with the help of Heaven'. The acronym בס״ד (BS"D) has become a popular term among Orthodox Jews, reproduced at the top of every written document (beginnings of correspondences, letters, notes, etc.) as a reminder to them that all comes from God, including the following content, and to contextualize what is really important in the text—without God's help, nothing can be done successfully. This practice is not derived from any religious law of halakha, but it is considered an old accepted tradition.

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (Aramaic: ארמית Ārāmît) was the form of Middle Aramaic employed by writers in Lower Mesopotamia between the fourth and eleventh centuries. It is most commonly identified with the language of the Babylonian Talmud (which was completed in the fifth century), the Targum Onqelos, and of post-Talmudic (Gaonic) literature, which are the most important cultural products of Babylonian Jews. The most important epigraphic sources for the dialect are the hundreds of inscriptions on incantation bowls.