hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galton board
The Galton board, also known as the Galton box or quincunx or bean machine (or incorrectly Dalton board), is a device invented by Francis Galton to demonstrate the central limit theorem, in particular that with sufficient sample size the binomial distribution approximates a normal distribution.

Galton designed it to illustrate his idea of regression to the mean, which he called "reversion to mediocrity" and made part of his eugenist ideology.

Quincunx
A quincunx (/ˈkwɪn.kʌŋks/ KWIN-kunks) is a geometric pattern consisting of five points arranged in a cross, with four of them forming a square or rectangle and a fifth at its center. The same pattern has other names, including "in saltire" or "in cross" in heraldry (depending on the orientation of the outer square), the five-point stencil in numerical analysis, and the five dots tattoo. It forms the arrangement of five units in the pattern corresponding to the five-spot on six-sided dice, playing cards, and dominoes. It is represented in Unicode as U+2059 ⁙ FIVE DOT PUNCTUATION or (for the die pattern) U+2684 ⚄ DIE FACE-5.
Sarah Whiting
Sarah M. Whiting (born 1964) is an American architect, critic, and academic administrator. Whiting is currently Dean and Josep Lluís Sert Professor of Architecture at Harvard Graduate School of Design, in addition to being a founding partner of WW Architecture, along with her husband, Ron Witte. She previously served as Dean and William Ward Watkin Professor of Architecture at Rice School of Architecture. In addition to her work as an academic administrator, Whiting is most commonly identified as an intellectual figure within the field of architecture's "post-critical" turn in the early 2000s.

Rice University School of Architecture
Rice School of Architecture, also referred to as Rice Architecture, is the architecture school of Rice University in Houston, Texas. The graduate and undergraduate programs in architecture foreground design, history/theory, technology, and culture as critical academic subjects. The school maintains an enrollment of just under 200 students. Established in 1912 as the Department of Architecture with Rice University’s founding, the School of Architecture’s faculty consists of about twenty full-time architectural practitioners, historians, and theoreticians.
Nikola Šipčić
Nikola Šipčić (Montenegrin: Никола Шипчић; born 17 May 1995) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a defender for Greek Super League club Asteras Tripolis and the Montenegro national team.

Asteras Tripolis F.C.
Asteras Tripolis Football Club (Greek: ΠΑΕ Αστέρας Τρίπολης), currently known as Asteras AKTOR for sponsorship reasons, commonly referred to as Asteras, is a Greek professional football club based in the city of Tripoli in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece.

Asteras Tripolis has been competing in Super League Greece, the Greek top professional league, since the 2007–08 season. They were runners-up of the Greek Football Cup in 2013 and have reached the semi-finals of the competition overall four times.

Asteras Tripolis has competed in the UEFA Europa League group stage for two seasons and has a total of five seasons in the competition. The  club ranks 10th among the 20 Greek clubs with contribution of points for the UEFA country ranking.
Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" is an English Christmas carol authored by Charles Wesley in 1739. The carol, based on Luke 2:8–14, describes an angelic chorus singing of Christ's nativity.

Wesley's version, entitled "Hymn for Christmas-Day", consisted of ten four-line verses. The version most commonly sung today includes six of these, arranged into three eight-line verses, with a refrain. The modern text incorporates revisions made by a number of authors, among them George Whitefield, who altered the opening couplet from "Hark how all the welkin rings / Glory to the King of Kings" to the familiar "Hark! the herald angels sing / Glory to the newborn King".

Various settings have been used for the carol. Since the mid-19th century, it has usually been sung to a melody from Felix Mendelssohn's Festgesang zum Gutenbergfest (1840), originally composed for the 400th anniversary of the invention of the printing press.

Couplet
In poetry, a couplet (/ˈkʌplət/ CUP-lət) or distich (/ˈdɪstɪk/ DISS-tick) is a pair of successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open).  In a formal (closed) couplet, each of the two lines is end-stopped, implying that there is a grammatical pause at the end of a line of verse. In a run-on (open) couplet, the meaning of the first line continues to the second.
Damisha Croney
Damisha Croney (born 3 November 1991) is a Barbadian netball player who represents Barbados internationally and plays in the positions of wing attack and centre. She competed at the Netball World Cup on two occasions in 2011 and 2019. She also represented Barbados at the Commonwealth Games in 2010, 2014 and in 2018.

Barbados at the Commonwealth Games
Barbados have sent teams to fifteen Commonwealth Games. The first Games at which they competed were in 1954, and the only event since they have not attended was the 1986 Games. They have won fifteen medals, with a twenty-eight-year medal drought between 1970 and 1998.

On 30 November 2021, Barbados became a republic since the removal of Queen Elizabeth II as head of state after 55 years as monarchy.
End of the Middle
End of the Middle is the eighth solo studio album by the English progressive folk musician Richard Dawson, released on February 14, 2025 on Weird World, an imprint of Domino. Produced by Sam Grant and Dawson, the album features drummer and regular collaborator, Andrew Cheetham, appearing throughout, with additional clarinet provided by Faye MacCalman.

Released to critical acclaim, the album was preceded by the singles, "Polytunnel", "Boxing Day Sales" and "Gondola". Upon its release, the album reached number seventy-four on the UK Albums Chart, number sixteen on the Scottish Albums Chart, number three on the UK Independent Albums Chart and number seven on the UK Vinyl Albums Chart. The album is a concept album focusing on "several generations of one family, and how patterns of behaviour repeat across them."

Scottish Singles and Albums Charts
The Scottish Albums Chart is a chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) which is based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Albums Chart fare in Scotland. The official singles chart for Scotland, the Scottish Singles Chart, which was based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Singles Chart were faring in Scotland has not been published since 20 November 2020.

Since 20 November 2020, only the Scottish Albums Chart has been published by the OCC, and it has been based on physical sales only, with the OCC only publishing the albums chart on their website since 11 December 2020.
Sartai
Sartai is a lake located in Rokiškis and Zarasai municipalities, northeastern Lithuania. There are six islands in the lake. River Šventoji flows through it.

Sartai is a glacial ribbon lake formed by six intersecting troughs, giving it a highly branched, tree-like shape. Its main western arms are Kalbutiškės, Audrakumpis (Ragava), and Kriaunakumpis (Lašė), while Bradesa (Zalva) extends east and Pasartis northeast. The total length of the branches is about 30 km. The basin area is 1,362.6 km², and the 79 km shoreline is the longest in Lithuania. Northern shores are high and steep; elsewhere they are mostly low. Forests surround the lake on both sides.

The lake was famous for the annual horse races that had been organized on the frozen lake near Dusetos. Nowadays this tradition is abandoned because of safety requirements. The race is organised at a hippodrome on the shore of the Sartai Lake.

Hippodrome
Hippodrome is a term sometimes used for public entertainment venues of various types. A modern example is the Hippodrome which opened in London in 1900 "combining circus, hippodrome, and stage performances".

The term hippodroming refers to fraudulent sporting competitions, such as in racing or baseball.
André Chastagnol
André Chastagnol (21 February 1920 – 2 September 1996) was a French historian, specializing in Latin epigraphy and literature.

After teaching at the Universities of Algiers, Rennes and Paris-X, he finished his career as a professor at the Paris-Sorbonne University. His two theses were devoted to the Praefectus urbi. He succeeded Hans-Georg Pflaum at the head of the Latin epigraphy seminar of the École pratique des hautes études where Michel Christol, Xavier Loriot, and François Jacques were among his students.

His various works on the Lower Roman Empire and Late Antiquity are authoritative. He was long interested in the Augustan History, of which he provided translation and helped to improve the study. His large personal library, bequeathed to the Sorbonne, is now incorporated into the Bibliothèque Serpente.

André Chastagnol was a member of the Société des Antiquaires de France.

Latin literature
Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language. The beginning of formal Latin literature dates to 240 BC, when the first stage play in Latin was performed in Rome. Latin literature flourished for the next six centuries. The classical era of Latin literature can be roughly divided into several periods: early Latin literature, the golden age, the imperial period and Late Antiquity.

Latin was the language of the ancient Romans as well as being the lingua franca of Western and Central Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Latin literature features the work of Roman authors, such as Cicero, Virgil, Ovid and Horace, but also includes the work of European writers after the fall of the Empire, from religious writers like Aquinas (1225–1274) to secular writers like Francis Bacon (1561–1626), Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), and Isaac Newton (1642–1727).
1994 New Zealand Development rugby union tour of Argentina
The 1994 New Zealand rugby union tour of Argentina, was a series of seven match played in March–April 1994 by a New Zealand "development team" in Argentina.

It was not an official tour, and no cap were awarded.

It was a young selection (almost 23 years for all the players). Many of them were after "international" for All Blacks, but also for other country.

Jeff Wilson (sportsman)
Jeffrey William Wilson MNZM (born 24 October 1973) is a New Zealand sportsman who has represented his country in both rugby union and cricket – a so-called "Double All Black", an increasingly rare achievement in the professional era. He is also a basketballer, and won national secondary school titles in track and field. With 44 tries in 60 tests, Wilson is ranked thirteenth on the list of highest test try scorers in rugby. Wilson is married to Adine Wilson (née Harper), former captain of the New Zealand national netball team.
Adana (raga)
Adana is an Indian raag. It is also called Adana Kanada. It is often sung or played in drut laya after a vilambit composition in raga Darbari Kanada, as Adana is straighter than Darbari in its chalan, thus allowing faster passages. The flow of this raga is similar to a mix of Madhumad Sarang / Megh and Darbari. Another common vivadi some artists use sparingly is shuddha nishad which enhances the Saranga mood of the raga.

Vivadi
In Hindustani classical music, vivadi (Sanskrit: विवादि meaning "dissonant") refers to pitches that are not part of the arohana or avrohana of a given raga. In general, vivadi are not to be played during an improvisation on a given raga. So, for instance, if a raga had the structure S R G m P D N S', S' N D P m G R S; in that case, r, g, M, d and n would all be vivadi. Although vivadi pitches are generally to be avoided during the playing of a given raga, they are occasionally added by skilled performers in order to introduce some color to an interpretation.
Justin Gaston
Justin Michael Gaston (born August 12, 1988) is an American singer-songwriter, model, and actor who was also a contestant on Nashville Star on season 6. He finished 10th overall out of 12 contestants. He portrayed the role of Ben Rogers on Days of Our Lives for less than four months in 2014. He appeared on the magazine cover of Tetu in 2013.

Têtu
Têtu (pronounced [tety] ⓘ, French for "stubborn") is the main LGBTQIA magazine published in France. It was subtitled in French le magazine des gays et lesbiennes (English: the magazine of gays and lesbians) until 2007, and reaffirmed itself as a men's magazine since then. As of December, 2012, its certified circulation was of 41,961 copies monthly. Publication stopped in 2015 until the magazine was reborn and issued its next issue on 28 February 2017.
Earnest Long
Earnest Sylvestor Long (October 11, 1927 – September 20, 2000), nicknamed "the Kid", was an American Negro league pitcher for the Chattanooga Choo-Choos and Cleveland Buckeyes between 1945 and 1950.

A native of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Long was selected to the West squad for the 1949 East–West All-Star Game. He died in Rome, Georgia in 2000 at age 72.

Cleveland Buckeyes
The Cleveland Buckeyes were a Negro league baseball team that played from 1942 to 1950 in the Negro American League. The Buckeyes played in two Negro World Series, defeating the Washington Homestead Grays in 1945, and losing to the New York Cubans in 1947. They were based in Cincinnati for their first season and Louisville for their second-to-last season.
Masaki (surname)
Masaki (written: 真崎, 正木, 真咲 or 柾) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gorō Masaki (柾 悟郎, born 1957), Japanese science fiction writer

Jinzaburō Masaki (真崎 甚三郎, 1876–1956), Japanese general

Kazuki Masaki (真崎 一輝, born 2000), Japanese motorcycle racer

Kento Masaki (正木 健人, born 1987), Japanese Paralympic judoka

Mori Masaki (真崎 守, born 1941), Japanese manga artist, screenwriter and anime director

Ran Masaki (真咲 乱, born 1965), Japanese AV idol, actress and gravure model

Masaki Sōzaburō (正木 惣三郎), Japanese samurai and potter

Yoshimi Masaki (正木 嘉美, born 1962), Japanese judoka

Yuka Masaki (真崎 ゆか, born 1986), Japanese singer

Gorō Masaki
Gorō Masaki (柾 悟郎, Masaki Gorō, born 1957 in Kanagawa Prefecture) is a Japanese science fiction writer whose career began in 1986. His most famous work is Venus City(ヴィーナス・シティ, 1992). In 1993, he won the Seiun Award for Japanese novel. He also won the 1993 Nihon SF Taisho Award.
Boraginoideae
Boraginoideae is a subfamily of the plant family Boraginaceae s.s, with about 42 genera. That family is defined in a much broader sense (Boraginaceae s.l.) in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system of classification for flowering plants. The APG has not specified any subfamilial structure within Boraginaceae s.l.

Wellstedia
Wellstedia is a genus of flowering plants traditionally included in the family Boraginaceae s.l., but placed in its own family, Wellstediaceae, within the order Boraginales, by the Boraginales Working Group. It is the only genus in the family.

Species include:

Wellstedia dinteri Pilg.

Wellstedia filtuensis D.R.Hunt & Lebrun

Wellstedia laciniata Thulin & A.Johanss.

Wellstedia robusta Thulin

Wellstedia socotrana Balf.f.

Wellstedia somalensis Thulin & A.Johanss.
Lake Angelus, Michigan
Lake Angelus is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An affluent northern suburb of Detroit, Lake Angelus is located about 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown Detroit. With a population of 287 as of the 2020 census, Lake Angelus is the second-smallest city in Michigan, behind Omer; it also has one of the highest per capita incomes of any community in the state.

Metro Detroit
Metro Detroit is a major metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Michigan, consisting of the city of Detroit and over 200 municipalities in the surrounding area. There are varied definitions of the area, including the official statistical areas designated by the Office of Management and Budget, a federal agency of the United States.

Metro Detroit is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, popular music, food, cultural diversity, and sports. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches, with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes. Metro Detroit also has one of the largest metropolitan economies in the U.S. with 17 Fortune 500 companies.
Vega Alta barrio-pueblo
Vega Alta barrio-pueblo  is a barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Vega Alta, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,169.

As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio called pueblo which contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.

Pueblos in Puerto Rico
Pueblo is a term primarily used in Puerto Rico to refer to the municipal district (barrio) that serves as the administrative, historic and cultural center of a municipality. The concept of pueblo is often used locally as analogous to the concept of downtown in U.S. cities. Pueblos are officially called barrio-pueblo by the United States Census since 1990.
Frederick Bond (naturalist)
Frederick Bond (22 February 1811 – 10 August 1889) was an English naturalist who was one of the founders of the journal The Zoologist. He was a fellow of the Zoological Society of London, the Linnean Society of London and the Entomological Society.

Zoological Society of London
The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity and organization devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. It was founded in 1826. Since 1828, it has maintained London Zoo, and since 1931 Whipsnade Zoo.
Visa requirements for Dutch citizens
Visa requirements for Dutch citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Netherlands, the joint nationality of the four countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

As of 2025, Dutch citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 188 countries and territories, ranking the Dutch passport 4th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
2007 Supersport World Championship
The 2007 Supersport World Championship was the ninth F.I.M. Supersport World Championship season—the eleventh taking into account the two held under the name of Supersport World Series. The season started on 24 February at Losail and finished on 7 October at Magny-Cours after 13 rounds. Kenan Sofuoğlu won the riders' championship with a record 8 wins. Honda won the manufacturers' championship.

Lusail International Circuit
The Lusail International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة لوسيل الدولية, sometimes rendered Losail International Circuit) is a motor racing circuit located just outside the city of Lusail, north of Doha, Qatar. The track is 5.419 km (3.367 mi) in length, with a main straight of 1.068 km (0.664 mi). The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license. It is surrounded by artificial grass intended to stop the sand encroaching on the track.
Ferreira Pinto (footballer, born 1979)
Adriano Ferreira Pinto  (born 10 December 1979), or simply Ferreira Pinto, is a Brazilian football winger playing for Italian Serie D club Ponte San Pietro.

He played for São José Esporte Clube in Brazil before joining S.S. Lanciano in 2002 in Italy's Serie C1.  He then moved up to Serie B with Perugia and Cesena.

In October 2008, Ferreira Pinto extended his contract with Atalanta to June 2011.
During the last days of winter's market he signed a contract until June with the Serie B team Varese.

Serie D
The Serie D (Italian pronunciation: [ˈseːrje ˈdi]) is the highest level of semi-professional football in Italy, and the fourth tier of the Italian national league system, the lowest one with a national organization. It sits beneath the third and lowest fully professional league, Serie C, and feeds in to it through promotion and relegation. Serie D is administered by the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti and is organized by the Roman Comitato Interregionale (Interregional Committee), a "league in the league" inside the LND.
Cultural depictions of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, from the House of Luxembourg, was the holder of five European royal crowns (Germany, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Italy, thus an "imperial association" stretching "from the North and Baltic Seas to the Mediterranean and the Black Seas") in his lifetime and played an important role in the history of East-Central Europe. For a long time though, technical difficulties like linguistic barriers, misunderstandings caused by lack of materials and political conditions made Sigismund unattractive as a research subject for historians. His morality has also been regarded as questionable, especially concerning his relationship with the Hussites. Modern historiography now generally considers him a determined, capable and visionary ruler, though not without mistakes and undesirable traits. In Hungary and Czechia in particular, his image as a ruler and cultural figure has improved.

East-Central Europe
East-Central Europe is a geopolitical term that primarily encompasses the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The area is bordered by East Slavic countries to the east and Germanic-speaking countries to the west.

The concept differs from that of Central and Eastern Europe, which is based on criteria whereby the states of Central and Eastern Europe belong to two different geographical regions of Europe.
Falsifiers of History
Falsifiers of History is a book, first published by the Soviet Information Bureau, edited and partially re-written by Joseph Stalin, in response to documents made public in January 1948 regarding German–Soviet relations before and after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.

Soviet Information Bureau
Soviet Information Bureau (Russian: Советское информационное бюро, romanized: Sovetskoye informatsionnoye byuro), commonly known as Sovinformburo (Совинформбюро) was a leading Soviet news agency, operating under that name from 1941 to 1961 when its name changed to RIA Novosti.
Power Comics
Power Comics was an imprint of the British comics publisher Odhams Press (itself a division of IPC Magazines) that was particularly notable for its use of material reprinted from American Marvel Comics. Appearing chiefly during the years 1967 and 1968, the Power Comics line consisted of five weekly titles: Wham!, Smash!, Pow!, Fantastic and Terrific. The first three of these titles were essentially traditional The Beano-style British comics papers, supplemented by a small amount of Marvel and DC Comics material, while Fantastic and Terrific were more magazine-like in style and were dominated by their Marvel superhero content.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.