hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic voltammetry
In analytical chemistry, hydrodynamic voltammetry is a form of voltammetry in which the analyte solution flows relative to a working electrode. In many voltammetry techniques, the solution is intentionally left still to allow diffusion-controlled mass transfer.  When a solution is made to flow, through stirring or some other physical mechanism, it is very important to the technique to achieve a very controlled flux or mass transfer in order to obtain predictable results.  These methods are types of electrochemical studies which use potentiostats to investigate reaction mechanisms related to redox chemistry among other chemical phenomenon.

Potentiostat
A potentiostat is the electronic hardware required to control a three electrode cell and run most electroanalytical experiments.  A Bipotentiostat and polypotentiostat are potentiostats capable of controlling two working electrodes and more than two working electrodes, respectively.

The system functions by maintaining the potential of the working electrode at a constant level with respect to the reference electrode by adjusting the current at an auxiliary electrode. The heart of the different potentiostatic electronic circuits is an operational amplifier (op amp). It consists of an electric circuit which is usually described in terms of simple op amps.
Matsushita Museum of Art
Matsushita Museum of Art (松下美術館, Matsushita bijutsukan) opened in Kirishima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, in 1983. The collection of some three thousand works is exhibited in six buildings: the first, with works by Japanese artists associated with Kagoshima Prefecture, in particular Kuroda Seiki, Fujishima Takeji, and Wada Eisaku, as well as western artists including Monet, Renoir, Degas, and Picasso; the second for installation art; the third, antiquities; the fourth, kakejiku; the fifth, masks, including those used in kagura; and the sixth, Satsuma ware, works by the museum's first director Matsushita Kanetomo (松下兼知), and a gallery space for contemporary artists.

Satsuma ware
Satsuma ware (薩摩焼, Satsuma-yaki) is a type of Japanese pottery originally from Satsuma Province, southern Kyūshū. Today, it can be divided into two distinct categories: the original plain dark clay early Satsuma (古薩摩, Ko-Satsuma) made in Satsuma from around 1600, and the elaborately decorated export Satsuma (京薩摩, Kyō-Satsuma) ivory-bodied pieces which began to be produced in the nineteenth century in various Japanese cities. By adapting their gilded polychromatic enamel overglaze designs to appeal to the tastes of western consumers, manufacturers of the latter made Satsuma ware one of the most recognized and profitable export products of Japan for centuries, and even became one of the key sources of funding for the Meiji period reforms.
NER Class 290
The NER Class 290 (LNER Class J77) was a class of 0-6-0T steam locomotives of the North Eastern Railway (NER), rebuilt from an earlier class of 0-4-4T, the NER Bogie Tank Passenger (BTP, later LNER Class G6).

0-4-4T
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-4 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles. This type was only used for tank locomotives.

In the UK 0-4-4 tanks were mainly used for suburban or rural passenger duties. In America, the wheel arrangement became known as the Forney, after a specific design of 0-4-4s, the Forney locomotive, became heavily used on the narrow curves of elevated railways and other rapid transit lines.
Daleema
Daleema John Arattukulam (born 30 May 1965) is an Indian playback singer and politician. She is popular for her Christian as well as Hindu devotional songs and made her debut as a playback singer in the Malayalam music industry through her title song "Thechi Malar Kadukalil" composed by Raveendran in the 1997 movie Kalyanappittannu. Her hit Malayalam songs include "Manjumasa Pakshi" from Krishnakudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu and "Ee Thennalum Thingalum" from Nee Varuvolam. On 2015, She was duly elected and sworn in Alappuzha District Panchayat as District Vice President. Currently, she is an M.L.A representing Aroor constituency.

Nee Varuvolam
Nee Varuvolam (transl. Until you are back) is a 1997 Indian Malayalam-language Psychological drama film film directed by Sibi Malayil and written by G. A. Lal. It stars Dileep and Divya Unni in the lead roles.
Lentz Park
Lentz Park is a 3.4-acre (1.4 ha) urban park in the Haughville neighborhood of Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The park is named after Sarah Lentz, who sold the land to Indianapolis for $1.00 in 1928. Located at 700 North Traub Avenue, Lentz Park is five blocks west of the White River. Lentz Park was once a locale for amateur and semi-professional baseball, formerly playing host to a segregated baseball team. In addition to a baseball field, the park also had a rest station, tennis court, and horseshoe pit.

In 1970, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development funds were used to renovate the park with new basketball and baseball areas, balancing beams, rope swings, and sculptural trees. After decades of subsequent decline, Lentz Park has been left with a small children's play area and a decrepit basketball court.

Horseshoes (game)
Horseshoes is a lawn game played between two people (or two teams of two people) using four horseshoes and two throwing targets (stakes) set in a lawn or sandbox area. The game is played by the players alternating turns tossing horseshoes at stakes in the ground,  which are traditionally placed 40 feet (12 m) apart. Modern games use a more stylized U-shaped bar, about twice the size of an actual horseshoe.
HD 154857 c
HD 154857 c is an extrasolar planet located approximately 224 light-years away in the constellation of Ara, orbiting the star HD 154857. This planet takes about 3470 days (9.5 years) to orbit the star.

The first signs of this planet were noticed on 9 February 2007 by O’Toole in Australia using the method Doppler spectroscopy, along with HD 23127 b and HD 159868 b. The orbit had not yet been completely observed, so the values quoted were lower limits. The previously unconstrained orbital period and minimum mass were constrained in January 2014.

Doppler spectroscopy
Doppler spectroscopy (also known as the radial-velocity method, or colloquially, the wobble method) is an indirect method for finding extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.
As of January 2026, over 1,100 known extrasolar planets (about 19.0% of the total) have been discovered using Doppler spectroscopy.
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre backstroke S6
The men's 100 metre backstroke S6 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 8 September, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

Two heats were held, both with six swimmers. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

S6 (classification)
S6, SB5, SM6 are para-swimming classifications used for categorising swimmers based on their level of disability. This class includes people with a number of different types of disability including short stature, major limb impairment or loss in two limbs.  This includes people with cerebral palsy, people with dwarfism and amputees. 
The class competes at the Paralympic Games.
St Pancras Cambridge Street Diesel Sidings
St Pancras Cambridge Street Diesel Sidings was a stabling point located in Kings Cross, London, England. The depot was situated on the Midland Main Line and was near St Pancras station.

The depot code was PA.

King's Cross, London
King's Cross is a district in the London boroughs of Camden and Islington, on either side of Euston Road in north London, England, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Charing Cross, bordered by Barnsbury to the north, Clerkenwell to the southeast, Angel to the east, Holborn and Bloomsbury to the south, Somers Town to the west and Camden Town to the northwest. It is served by two major rail termini, St Pancras and King's Cross. King's Cross station is the terminus of one of the major rail routes between London and the North.

The area, which was historically the south-eastern part of the parish and borough of St Pancras, and once known for drug-dealing and prostitution, has undergone significant regeneration since the mid-1990s. The introduction of the Eurostar rail service at St Pancras International and the rebuilding of King's Cross station helped stimulate the redevelopment of the long-derelict railway lands to the north of the termini.
KK Superfund
Košarkaški klub Superfund BasketPlus (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Суперфунд), commonly referred to as Superfund BP, was a men's professional basketball club from Belgrade, Serbia. The club competed in the Basketball League of Serbia during the 2010–11 season.

Basketball League of Serbia
The Basketball League of Serbia (Serbian: Кошаркашка лига Србије, romanized: Košarkaška liga Srbije), commonly abbreviated as KLS, is a top-tier men's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006. It is currently not run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).
Old Roan Chase
The Old Roan Chase is a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run on the Mildmay Course at Aintree over a distance of about 2 miles and 4 furlongs (2 miles 3 furlongs and 200 yards, or 4,023 metres), and during its running there are sixteen fences to be jumped. It is a limited handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October.

The event was established in 2004, and it was initially called the Wigan Chase.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Ministerial broadcast
In the United Kingdom, a Ministerial Broadcast (also known as a Prime Ministerial Broadcast or Ministerial Statement) is a televised address to the public, usually given by the incumbent Prime Minister or other senior Cabinet Minister in times of national crisis. The BBC and other public service broadcasters must give the government air time if the circumstances are seen to be of sufficient importance, and requests from opposition leaders must also be considered.

Public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the term public service broadcasting (PSB) refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests. The communications regulator Ofcom requires that certain television and radio broadcasters fulfil certain requirements as part of their license to broadcast. All of the television and radio stations have a public service remit, including those that broadcast digitally, but not all are designated public service broadcasters.
Featherbed Nature Reserve
Featherbed Nature Reserve is a privately owned nature reserve on the Western Headland of the Knysna River Estuary on  South Africa’s Garden Route.

It was founded by South African television teacher,  William Smith, on land that was bought in the 1950s by his father, the chemist and ichthyologist Professor JLB Smith, with the proceeds of his best selling book, ‘Old Fourlegs The Story of the Coelacanth,’ published in 1956.

The reserve opened to visitors in 1984, and is only accessible to the public by ferry. Smith sold the reserve to Eastern-Cape-based businessman Kobus Smit in 2008.

J. L. B. Smith
James Leonard Brierley Smith (26 September 1897 – 8 January 1968) was a South African ichthyologist, organic chemist, and university professor. He was the first to identify a taxidermied fish as a coelacanth, at the time thought to be long extinct.
Józef Borzyszkowski
Józef Borzyszkowski (born 6 February 1946) is a Polish historian, professor of history at Gdańsk University, and Kashubian activist, who served as chairman of the Kashubian-Pomeranian Association from 1986 to 1992.

He was a senator of the Senate of Poland from 1991 to 1993.

University of Gdańsk
The University of Gdańsk (Polish: Uniwersytet Gdański, UG) is a public research university located in Gdańsk, Poland. It is one of the top 10 universities in Poland and an important centre for the studies of the Kashubian language.
The Adventures of Danny Meadow Mouse
Children's literature portal

The Adventures of Danny Meadow Mouse (1915) is a children's novel written by Thornton W. Burgess and illustrated by Harrison Cady. Danny Meadow Mouse appeared as the main character of many tales written by Burgess for his syndicated newspaper column "Bedtime Stories".

Thornton W. Burgess
Thornton Waldo Burgess (January 14, 1874 – June 5, 1965) was an American conservationist and author of children's stories. By the time he retired, he had written more than 170 books and 15,000 stories for his daily newspaper column.
Akizuki Tanezane
Akizuki Tanezane (秋月 種実; 1548 – November 16, 1596) was a samurai warrior and daimyo in 16th century Japan. He was a member of the  Akizuki clan from Chikuzen Province, son of Akizuki Fumitane; his father was defeated by the Ōtomo clan. in 1564.

Akizuki clan
The Akizuki clan (秋月氏, Akizuki-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan who ruled Takanabe Domain of what is now part of Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyushu Japan under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. In the Meiji period, the former daimyō became part of the kazoku peerage, with Tsugaru Tsuguakira receiving the title of shishaku (Viscount).
Waubonsee Community College
Waubonsee Community College is a public community college with four campuses in Illinois: the main campus in Sugar Grove, two campuses in Aurora (Aurora Downtown and Aurora Fox Valley, formerly known as the Copley Campus), and one in Plano. Founded in 1966, Waubonsee Community College serves twelve public school districts in Aurora, Batavia, Big Rock, Bristol, Elburn, Geneva, Hinckley, Kaneville, Leland, Maple Park, North Aurora, Plano, Sandwich, Somonauk, Oswego, Sugar Grove, and Yorkville.

Bristol, Illinois
Bristol, Illinois, is an unincorporated community in Bristol Township, Kendall County in the U.S. state of Illinois, just south of the Kane County border. Oswego lies to its east, Montgomery lies to its north, and Yorkville lies to its south and west.
Gillan Bwalya
Gillan Bwalya is a Zambian chess player and International Master. He won the Zambian Chess Championship in 2010 and 2013.

Bwalya scored an impressive 7/9 at the 2012 Chess Olympiad, and followed this up by winning the 4.3 Zonal with 8/9, earning him the International Master title and the right to play in the Chess World Cup 2013. He became the third Zambian to qualify for the World Cup after GM Amon Simutowe and IM Stanley Chumfwa, losing to eventual winner Vladimir Kramnik in the first round.

Zambian Chess Championship
The Zambian Closed Chess Championship is the national chess championship of Zambia, organized by the Chess Federation of Zambia. Zambia's only grandmaster Amon Simutowe won the championship in 1996 at the age of 14.
Maitland, Cape Town
Maitland is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa.

Maitland is situated along a number of important transport networks connecting the Cape Town city bowl to the rest of the city.  The most important being the railway line that runs through the middle of the suburb and the N1 that is situated on its northern boundary.  The area has always been an important transport hub for the city. 
In 1845 one of the first roads from Stellenbosch through the Maitland area was completed. This effectively connected Cape Town to the rest of Africa as at the time the dunes of the Cape Flats prevented much traffic between the two locations. The suburb is named after Sir Peregrine Maitland who was governor of the Cape in the mid 1840s.

N1 (South Africa)
South Africa portal

The N1 is a national route in South Africa that runs from Cape Town through Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, Pretoria and Polokwane to Beit Bridge on the border with Zimbabwe. It forms the first section of the famed Cape to Cairo Road.

Prior to 1970, the N1 designation was applied to the route from Beit Bridge to Colesberg and then along the current N9 to George. The section from Cape Town to Colesberg was designated the N9.
1979 Wisconsin Supreme Court election
The 1979 Wisconsin Supreme Court election was held on April 3, 1979, to elect a justice to the Wisconsin Supreme Court for a ten-year term. Incumbent justice Shirley Abrahamson (who had been appointed to fill a vacancy) won the election, defeating Howard H. Boyle Jr.

Shirley Abrahamson
Shirley Schlanger Abrahamson (December 17, 1933 – December 19, 2020) was the 25th chief justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. An American lawyer and jurist, she was appointed to the court in 1976 by Governor Patrick Lucey, becoming the first female justice to serve on Wisconsin's highest court. She became the court's first female chief justice on August 1, 1996, and served in that capacity until April 29, 2015. In all, she served on the court for 43 years (1976–2019), making her the longest-serving justice in the history of the Wisconsin Supreme Court.
HMS Orontes (1813)
HMS Orontes was a 36-gun Scamander-class fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She was built at Frindsbury as Brilliant, but was renamed in 1812. She was launched in 1813. Her first commander was Captain Nathaniel Day Cochrane, who served on the Irish Station. She was later under Captain William M’Culloch, who may have taken her to the West Indies.

On 31 January 1815 Lloyd's List reported that Orontes was one of the escorts of a fleet that had left St Thomas on 11 December 1814.

On 18 February 1817, Lloyd's List reported that Orontes, just arrived at Portsmouth, had spoken with Grant at 1°32′N 17°15′W﻿ / ﻿1.533°N 17.250°W﻿ / 1.533; -17.250, out 110 days on her voyage from Madras to England.

Orontes was broken up at Sheerness in April 1817.

Lloyd's List
Lloyd's List is one of the world's oldest continuously running journals, having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. It was published daily until 2013 (when the final print issue, number 60,850, was published), and is now published digitally.

Also known simply as The List, it was begun by Edward Lloyd, the proprietor of Lloyd's Coffee House, as a source of information for merchants' agents and insurance underwriters who met regularly in his establishment on Lombard Street to negotiate insurance coverage for trading vessels. It continues to provide this information in addition to marine insurance, offshore energy, logistics, market data, research, global trade and law information, and shipping news.
Liang (state)
Liang (Chinese: 梁; pinyin: Liáng) was one of the states during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China, bordering the State of Qin, which collapsed due to internal strife and was later annexed by Duke Mu of Qin in 641 BCE. The rulers of Liang had the surname Ying (嬴). The capital of Liang was located south of modern City of Hancheng in Shaanxi.

In 703 BC, the rulers of the five states of Western Guo, Rui, Xun (荀國) and Jia (賈國), including the State of Liang, suppressed Duke Wu of Quwo using armed force.

In 654 BC, Prince Yiwu from the State of Jin escaped to Liang. The ruler of Liang (梁伯) betrothed his daughter Liang Ying (梁嬴) to Prince Yiwu.

In 642 BC, the ruler of Liang wanted to build a new capital but it was seized by the State of Qin after it was completed.

In 641 BC, Liang was conquered by the State of Qin. According to the Zuo Zhuan, the Liang people were not able to bear the work given to them by the ruler of Liang so that the State of Qin easily conquered Liang.

Duke Mu of Qin
Duke Mu of Qin (died 621 BC), born Ying Renhao, was a duke of the state of Qin. Sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period, Duke Mu greatly expanded the territory of Qin during the reign of King Xiang of Zhou. He was also known for his many talented advisors, such as Baili Xi, Jian Shu (蹇叔), Pi Bao (丕豹), and Gong Sun (公孫).
Marcelo Saracchi
Marcelo Josemir Saracchi Pintos (born 23 April 1998) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Scottish Premiership club Celtic, on loan from Argentine club Boca Juniors, and the Uruguay national team.

Supercopa Argentina
The Supercopa Argentina (English: Argentine Super Cup) is an official national association football cup of Argentina organized by the Argentine Football Association (AFA). The annual football match was played for the first time in 2012, being contested by the reigning champions of the Primera División and Copa Argentina.
Clementine (given name)
Clémentine or Clementine is a French feminine form of Clement. The name has been in use in English-speaking countries since the 19th century. In the United States, the name has associations with Oh My Darling, Clementine, a traditional American, tragic but sometimes comic, Western folk ballad and with the citrus fruit named in honor of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who first discovered and propagated the cultivar in Algeria.

Clementine
A clementine (Citrus × clementina) is a tangor, a citrus fruit hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange (C. × deliciosa) and a sweet orange (C. × sinensis), named in honor of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who first discovered and propagated the cultivar in Algeria.  The exterior is a deep orange colour with a smooth, glossy appearance. Clementines can be separated into 7 to 14 segments. Similar to tangerines, they tend to be easy to peel. They are typically juicy and sweet, with less acid than oranges. Their oils, like other citrus fruits, contain mostly limonene as well as myrcene, linalool, α-pinene and many complex aromatics.

They are sometimes sold under the name Easy-peelers.
Ziziphora capitata
Ziziphora capitata is an annual herb in the family Lamiaceae. It grows from the Mediterranean basin to Iran including the Sinai, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Cyprus, the Balkans, southern Russia, the Caucasus, and northern Iraq.

Southern Russia
Southern Russia or the South of Russia (Russian: Юг России, IPA: [juk rɐˈsʲiɪ]) is a colloquial term for the southernmost geographic portion of European Russia. The term is generally used to refer to the region of Russia's Southern Federal District and North Caucasian Federal District.

The term is informal and does not conform to any official areas of the Russian Federation as designated by the Russian Classification on Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO).