hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Middleham Castle
Middleham Castle is a ruined castle in Middleham in Wensleydale, in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It was built by Robert Fitzrandolph, 3rd Lord of Middleham and Spennithorne, commencing in 1190. The castle was the childhood home of King Richard III, although he spent very little of his reign there. The castle was built to defend the road from Richmond to Skipton, though some have suggested the original site of the castle was far better to achieve this than the later location. After the death of King Richard III the castle remained in royal hands until it was allowed to go to ruin in the 17th century. Many of the stones from the castle were used in other buildings in the village of Middleham.

Skipton
Skipton (also known as Skipton-in-Craven) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Historically in the East Division of Staincliffe Wapentake in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is on the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to the south of the Yorkshire Dales. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) north-west of Leeds and 38 miles (61 km) west of York. At the 2021 Census, the population was 15,042. The town has been listed as one of the best and happiest places to live in the UK.
A History of Britain (book series)
A History of Britain is a series of three books by Simon Schama, written to accompany his BBC television series A History of Britain.

The volumes are:

A History of Britain I: At the Edge of the World? 3000 BC–AD 1603 (BBC, 2000, ISBN 0-563-48714-3)

A History of Britain II: The British Wars 1603–1776 (BBC, 2001, ISBN 0-563-48718-6)

A History of Britain III: The Fate of Empire 1776–2000 (BBC, 2002, ISBN 0-563-48719-4)

A History of Britain (TV series)
A History of Britain is a BBC documentary series written and presented by Simon Schama, first transmitted in the United Kingdom from 30 September 2000.

A study of the history of the British Isles, each of the 15 episodes allows Schama to examine a particular period and tell of its events in his own style. All the programmes are of 59 minutes' duration and were broadcast over three series, ending 18 June 2002.

The series was produced in conjunction with the History Channel and the executive producer was Martin Davidson. The music was composed by John Harle, whose work was augmented by vocal soloists such as Emma Kirkby and Lucie Skeaping. Schama's illustrative presentation was aided by readings from actors, including Lindsay Duncan, Michael Kitchen, Christian Rodska, Samuel West and David Threlfall.
Point Thomas
Point Thomas (62°10′S 58°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.167°S 58.500°W﻿ / -62.167; -58.500) is a point marking the south side of the entrance to Ezcurra Inlet in Admiralty Bay, on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands. It lies less than 1 km northwest of Rakusa Point. Charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Charcot, and named by him for a member of the expedition.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Point Thomas". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands)
Admiralty Bay is an irregular bay, 8 km (5 mi) wide at its entrance between Demay Point and Martins Head, indenting the southern coast of King George Island for 16 km (10 mi), in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name appears on a map of 1822 by Captain George Powell, a British sailor, and is now established in international usage. The Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station is situated on the bay, as is the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base. It has been designated an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 1).
Arisa Inoue
Arisa Inoue (井上 愛里沙, Inoue Arisa; born 8 May 1995) is a Japanese volleyball player who plays for the Hisamitsu Springs. She also plays for the Japan women's national volleyball team.

Inoue won a silver medal with the Japan U20 national team at the 2013 FIVB Women's Junior World Championship. She also competed at the 2014 Montreux Volley Masters, 2022 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League, 2022 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship with the Japan women's national volleyball team.

Inoue won the Most Valuable Player award of 2021–22 V.League Division 1. Hisamitsu Springs were also the tournament champions.

For the 2022-2023 season, Inoue joined Saint-Raphaël Var Volleyball team to compete in French Ligue A.

LNV Ligue A Féminine
LNV Ligue A Féminine (LAF) is the top division of French women's volleyball, established in 1941. It is governed by the Ligue Nationale de Volley (LNV), an independent body that runs French professional volleyball under delegation from the French Volleyball Federation (FFVB).
In addition to the usual 14 club participants, the 2018–19 season saw the inclusion of France Avenir 2024, a Toulouse-based development program aimed at nurturing the next generation of French national team players.
William Spencer Beaumont
Captain William Spencer Beaumont (29 May 1848 – 2 August 1926) was a British army officer and a member of the London County Council.

Beaumont was the grandson of John Thomas Barber Beaumont, who raised the Queen Victoria's Rifles in 1803 during the Napoleonic Wars. His parents were John Augustus Beaumont
and Caroline Mary Beaumont, who owned Wimbledon Park. Beaumont served as a captain in the 14th King's Hussars cavalry regiment in the British Army. In 1876, he married Honoria Cooper. In 1889 he was an elected a member of the London County Council to represent Tower Hamlets, Stepney. In 1890, Beaumont petitioned Ecclesiastical Commissioners for a Church site.

Beaumont was the father of Dudley Beaumont (1874–1918), who married Sibyl Collings, later Dame of Sark. His grandson was Francis William Beaumont (1903–1941) and his great-great-grandson is the 23rd Seigneur of Sark, Christopher Beaumont.

Wimbledon Park
Wimbledon Park is the name of an urban park in Wimbledon and also of the suburb south and east of the park and the Wimbledon Park tube station. The park itself is 27 hectares (67 acres) in area. The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club is immediately to the west of the park. Wimbledon Park is not part of Wimbledon Common, which is situated further to the west up the hill.
San Joaquin, California
San Joaquin (Spanish: San Joaquín, meaning "St. Joachim") is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 3,701 at the 2020 census, down from 4,001 at the 2010 census.  The nearest high school in the area is Tranquillity High School in Tranquillity. San Joaquin is located 11 miles (18 km) southwest of Kerman, at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m).

Joachim
Joachim was, according to Christian Sacred tradition, the husband of Saint Anne, the father of Mary and grandfather of Jesus. The story of Joachim and Anne first appears in the Gospel of James, part of the New Testament apocrypha. His feast day is 26 July, a date shared with Saint Anne.
Ulrich Stang
Ulrich Stang  (20 January 1887 – 23 October 1972) was a Norwegian diplomat and member of Nasjonal Samling.

In 1940 he was stationed at the Norwegian legation in Berlin. In retrospect he was criticized for not bringing forward warning messages regarding the German invasion of Norway. In the legal purge in Norway after World War II however, he was only convicted for treason based on his NS membership. He was sentenced to four years of forced labour.

Legal purge in Norway after World War II
The legal purge in Norway after World War II (Norwegian: Landssvikoppgjøret; lit. 'National treachery Settlement') took place between May 1945 and August 1948 against anyone who was found to have collaborated with the German occupation of the country. Several thousand Norwegians and foreign citizens were tried and convicted for crimes committed in Scandinavia during World War II. However, the scope, legal basis, and fairness of these trials has since been a matter of some debate. A total of 40 people—including Vidkun Quisling, the self-proclaimed and Nazi-supported Minister President of Norway during the occupation—were executed after capital punishment was reinstated in Norway. Thirty-seven of those executed were executed under Norwegian law, while the other three were executed under Allied military law.
Petko Yankov
Petko Yankov (Bulgarian: Петко Янков; born 6 October 1977) is a retired Bulgarian sprinter who specialized in the 200 metres.

He competed at the 1999 World Indoor Championships, the 1999 World Championships and the 2000 Olympic Games (both 100 and 200 metres).

His personal best time was 20.27 seconds, achieved in June 1999 in Athens. This ranks him second among Bulgarian 200 metres sprinters, only behind Nikolay Antonov. Furthermore, he had 10.39 in the 100 metres and 46.91 in the 400 metres.
At the beginning of the 2000s he left Bulgaria to study in USA and competed for several years for Central Missouri State University until 2005. He currently resides in the USA.

1999 World Championships in Athletics
The 7th World Championships in Athletics (Spanish: Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 1999), a World Athletic Championships event held under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, between the August 20 and August 29.

One of the main highlights of the games was the world record set in the 400 metres by Michael Johnson of the United States in a time of 43.18 seconds.
The Impossible (2012 film)
The Impossible (Spanish: Lo imposible) is a 2012 English-language Spanish biographical disaster drama film directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Sergio G. Sánchez. It is based on the experience of María Belón and her family in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The Impossible features an international cast, including  Naomi Watts, Ewan McGregor, and Tom Holland in his live-action film debut.

The film received positive reviews from critics for its direction and its acting. For her work in the film, Watts was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.

Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
The Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951. Previously, there was a single award for "Best Actress in a Motion Picture", but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actress – Comedy or Musical.

The formal title has varied since its inception. In 2005, it was officially called "Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama". As of 2013, the wording is "Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama".
Have You Seen My Sister Evelyn?
"Have You Seen My Sister Evelyn?" is a song by the fictional musical duo Evelyn Evelyn, created and portrayed by American musicians Amanda Palmer and Jason Webley. It is included on their 2007 EP Elephant Elephant and their 2010 album Evelyn Evelyn.

Jason Webley
Jason Webley is an American musician known for his fusion of folk, experimental, and alternative music. Webley plays the guitar and accordion, sometimes providing percussion by stomping or shaking a plastic vodka bottle filled with coins. Webley began his career performing solo, but has collaborated with a wide range of artists. He has also organized several commemorative concerts and events memorializing everything from tragedies in his hometown of Everett, Washington, to tomatoes.
40S ribosomal protein S7
40S ribosomal protein S7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS7 gene.

In eukaryotes, ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S7E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.

Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)
The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) is the smaller subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome (80S), with the other major component being the large ribosomal subunit (60S). The "40S" and "60S" names originate from the convention that ribosomal particles are denoted according to their sedimentation coefficients in Svedberg units. It is structurally and functionally related to the 30S subunit of 70S prokaryotic ribosomes. However, the 40S subunit is much larger than the prokaryotic 30S subunit and contains many additional protein segments, as well as rRNA expansion segments.
Caloplaca aseptatospora
Caloplaca aseptatospora is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt. The type specimen, collected from Coochiemudlo Island (Moreton Bay) in 1982 by Rex Filson, was found growing on the base of a sheltered tree trunk. The species epithet alludes to its main diagnostic character–largely immature, non-septate spores. Caloplaca aseptatospora is only known to occur in a few localities in Queensland.

Sergey Kondratyuk
Sergey Yakovlevich Kondratyuk (Ukrainian: Сергій Якович Кондратюк) (born 17 May 1959) is a Ukrainian botanist specialising in lichenology. His research deals with the taxonomy, floristics, ecology and geography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. He has worked at the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for more than 40 years. In 2014 Kondratyuk was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology.
Charles Franklin Sparrell
Charles Franklin Sparrell was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1852 and died in Newport, Kentucky in 1934. His father was John Turner Sparrell Jr., a marble worker and farmer. His mother was Elizabeth Ann (Provoost) Sparrell. He was the most influential architect in the city of Columbus, Indiana in the late 19th century.  When he arrived in the city in the early 1880s he was credited with having attended an "institute of technology" in Massachusetts, but the Massachusetts Institute of Technology does not list him as an alumnus.  More than 10 of his buildings remain in the city, many of which are on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bartholomew County, Indiana.

Newport, Kentucky
Newport is a home rule-class city in Campbell County, Kentucky, United States. It is at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking rivers across from Cincinnati. The population was 14,150 at the 2020 census. Historically, it was one of four county seats of Campbell County. Newport is an urban center of Northern Kentucky and is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area.
Sreedhar Rajan
Sreedhar Rajan is an Indian journalist and film critic, based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He started his career as an advertising executive and later became a film director and screenwriter. His directorial debut Kann Sivanthaal Mann Sivakkum (1983) was based on Indira Parthasarathy's  novel Kuruthipunal, about the Kilvenmani massacre of 1968. The film won the Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director in 1983. Following that, he made films such as Iravu Pookkal (1986) and Pookkal Vidum Thudhu (1987). He has also served various positions including a member of the advisory panel of the Central Board of Film Certification, and the National Film Development Corporation of India. He is married to Jaya Sreedhar Rajan, daughter of Tamil actor Gemini Ganesan.

Kuruthipunal (novel)
Kuruthipunal (transl. The River of Blood) is a Tamil language novel written by Indira Parthasarathy. A revolutionary novel, it was based on the Kilvenmani massacre that took place in Thanjavur district in 1968. The novel won the Sahitya Akademi award for its author in 1977. The novel was adapted into Kann Sivanthaal Mann Sivakkum, a 1983 Tamil film, which in turn won a National Award. The novel has been translated into multiple languages including English, Hindi, Bengali, Odia, Gujarati and Malayalam.
1710 AM
While many AM-band radios can be tuned to 1710 kHz, it is above the standard upper limit of 1700 kHz assigned to the AM broadcast band in ITU Region 2, thus is generally unavailable for licensed radio operation because it may interfere with aeronautical radio navigation on 1708 kHz.

Radio navigation
Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio waves to determine a position of an object on the Earth, either the vessel or an obstruction.  Like radiolocation, it is a type of radiodetermination.

The basic principles are measurements from/to electric beacons, especially

Angular directions, e.g. by bearing, radio phases or interferometry,

Distances, e.g. ranging by measurement of time of flight between one transmitter and multiple receivers or vice versa,

Distance differences by measurement of times of arrival of signals from one transmitter to multiple receivers or vice versa

Partly also velocity, e.g. by means of radio Doppler shift.

Combinations of these measurement principles also are important—e.g., many radars measure range and azimuth of a target.
17th Hawaii Territorial Legislature
The Seventeenth Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii was a session of the Hawaii Territorial Legislature.  The session convened in Honolulu, Hawaii, and ran from February 15 until June 1, 1933. On April 26, 1933, Governor Lawrence M. Judd extended the session by Executive Order.

Hawaii Territorial Legislature
The Hawaii Territorial Legislature was the legislative body of the Territory of Hawaii from 1900 to 1959 (when Hawaii became a state).

The Hawaii Territorial Legislature was established on April 30, 1900, by the Hawaiian Organic Act which established the Territory of Hawaii as part of the United States.
Jeremiah Kuder
Jeremiah Kuder (July 12, 1835 – May 25, 1916) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Kuder received the United States' highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Kuder's medal was won for capturing the flag of the actions during the Battle of Jonesborough on September 1, 1864. He was honored with the award on April 7, 1865.

Kuder was born in Tiffin, Ohio, entered service in Warsaw, Indiana, and was later buried at the Marion National Cemetery in Marion, Indiana.

Tiffin, Ohio
Tiffin is a city in Seneca County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Developed along the Sandusky River, Tiffin is located about 55 miles (89 km) southeast of Toledo. The population was 17,953 at the 2020 census.

It is the home of Heidelberg University and Tiffin University. At one time the city was noted as a glass and porcelain manufacturing center. The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Tiffin as a Tree City USA.
San Matías, El Salvador
San Matías is a municipality in La Libertad department of El Salvador.

A small town where in around February held festive celebrations to show their love for the village and San Matías. There are rodeos and coronations of the queen of the town (reina del pueblo). There are also: a fair, games, horse races, cockfights and fireworks.

Municipalities of El Salvador
The municipalities of El Salvador (Spanish: municipios) are the second-level administrative divisions within the Republic of El Salvador. These municipalities divide the country's departments and serve as the fundamental administrative units of local government.
Paul Gordon (basketball)
Paul Curtis Gordon Jr. (April 8, 1927 – November 2, 2002) was an American professional basketball player. He participated in four games for the Baltimore Bullets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) during the 1949–50 season. He attended University of Notre Dame. Gordon played for the Lancaster Rockets of the Eastern Professional Basketball League (EPBL) and was a two-time All-EPBL Second Team selection.

Lancaster Red Roses (basketball)
The Lancaster Red Roses were a professional basketball team based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. From 1946 to 1949 and from 1953 to 1955, they played in the Eastern Professional Basketball League, of which the Red Roses were one of the six original teams.  The Red Roses also played briefly as the Lancaster Rockets.  They were members of the Eastern Basketball Association from 1975 to 1978, and the Continental Basketball Association from 1979 to 1980.  The Red Roses were members of the American Basketball League briefly in the 1946-47 season, where they were known as the Lancaster Roses.
Erulo Eroli
Erulo Eroli (August 31, 1854 – 1916) was an Italian painter.

He was born in Rome. His initial studies were in the Ospizio di San Michele in Rome under professor Ceccarini. He was able to win awards from his Institute and the Ministry of public education for Studio di un testa and Return to his family of a soldier wounded for his family. His painting of a Bacchante was awarded a silver medal at the Society of the Fine Arts in Rome. His works also include a candlelight painting titled Un Coro di Fanciulli and Gloria in Excelsis Ave Maria. The other painting by Eroli found in the Naval Academy of Livorno is titled La Palestro a Lissa, which had been exhibited at the 1883 Exposition in Rome. The subject was an episode during an 1866 battle between the Italian and Austrian navies. Other works included A tiger, Cornelio Puio, and some portraits of Cardinal Jacobini and il Suonatore Arabo.

San Michele a Ripa
The Ospizio di San Michele a Ripa Grande (Hospice of St Michael) or Ospizio Apostolico di San Michele in Rome is a complex represented by a series of buildings in the south end of the Rione Trastevere, facing the Tiber River and extending from the bank of Ponte Sublicio for nearly 500 meters.  It stands across the river from the Rione Ripa and the area known as the Porto di Ripetta, once in the Aventine Hill neighborhood of Rome. The Porto di Ripa Grande was the river port that served those coming up from the Mediterranean port of Ostia. This area was once a main port of Rome. While large seafaring ships could not forge easily up the Tiber river to Rome; smaller boats frequently brought supplies from the coast to the city and offloaded at the Porta.
Egon Parbo
Egon Parbo (15 April 1910 – 24 April 1942) was an Estonian footballer. He played in 23 matches for the Estonia national football team from 1931 to 1939. He was also named in Estonia's squad for the Group 1 qualification tournament for the 1938 FIFA World Cup.

Parbo was arrested by NKVD agents during the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1941 and died in a prison camp in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia in 1942.

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
Diguanylate cyclase
In enzymology, diguanylate cyclase, also known as diguanylate kinase (EC 2.7.7.65), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

2 Guanosine triphosphate ↔ 2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

The substrates of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) are two molecules of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and the products are two molecules of diphosphate and one molecule of cyclic di-3’,5’-guanylate (cyclic di-GMP).

Degradation of cyclic di-GMP to guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is catalyzed by a phosphodiesterase (PDE).

Guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleotide monophosphate. Guanosine monophosphate is commercially produced by microbial fermentation.

As an acyl substituent, it takes the form of the prefix guanylyl-.