hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Windwatt
Windwatt (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪntvat]) is a mudflat exposed as a result of wind action on water. They occur especially in the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park on Germany's Baltic Sea coast. The term is German.

Unlike the Wadden Sea along Europe's North Sea coast, the shallow water zones of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park are largely unaffected by oceanic tides. When there are strong winds in a certain direction, however, water is driven out of the lagoons (the so-called bodden) into the Baltic Sea, so that several particularly shallow areas of mud become exposed and dry out. The water flows back when the wind turns again. 
These Windwatten are a major source of food for migrating birds in the autumn. For the Crane, which cross Western Pomeranian Bodden country during migration, the Windwatten are one of the most important resting areas in Western Europe.

Autumn
Autumn, also known as fall in North American English, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, beginning in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere). Autumn is the season when the duration of daytime becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the winter solstice in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). One of its main features in temperate climates is the striking change in colour of the leaves of deciduous trees as they prepare to shed.
Background to Danger
Background to Danger is a 1943 World War II spy thriller film directed by Raoul Walsh. It stars George Raft with Brenda Marshall, Sydney Greenstreet, and Peter Lorre.

Based on the 1937 novel Uncommon Danger by Eric Ambler and set in politically neutral Turkey, the screenplay was credited to W. R. Burnett, although William Faulkner and Daniel Fuchs also contributed.

The film was designed to capitalize on the runaway success of Casablanca, which had also featured Lorre and Greenstreet. The Russian operative positively portrayed by Brenda Marshall shows an exaggerated degree of cooperation, and the film has a slight pro-Soviet bias akin to Warner Bros.' Mission to Moscow from the same year.

Walsh called the film "a quickie".

Raoul Walsh
Raoul Walsh (born Albert Edward Walsh; March 11, 1887 – December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), and the brother of silent cinema actor George Walsh. He portrayed John Wilkes Booth in the silent film The Birth of a Nation (1915) and directed the widescreen epic The Big Trail (1930) starring John Wayne in his first leading role, The Roaring Twenties starring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart, High Sierra (1941) starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and White Heat (1949) starring James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien. He directed his last film in 1964. His work has been noted as influences on directors such as Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Martin Scorsese.
Paulina Pfiffner
Paulina Pfiffner (1825 – 29 September 1853), was a Hungarian freedom fighter in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

Paulina's father was a Pole, while her mother was Italian; Paulina herself was born in Hungary. In 1840, she ran away from home to become an actor in Budapest. In 1848, she enlisted in the Hungarian forces dressed as a man under the name Ligeti Kalman. She was promoted to officer after having distinguished herself by her bravery during the Battle of Piski.

Battle of Piski
The Battle of Piski was a battle in the Hungarian war of Independence of 1848-1849 fought on 9 February 1849 between the Hungarian army led by the Polish General Józef Bem and the Austrian army of the Habsburg Commander-in-Chief of Transylvania, Lieutenant General Anton Puchner. As a result of the defeats suffered by Bem against the much superior Austrian army, supported also by Romanian and Saxon militias, and a Russian army of several thousand soldiers, the Hungarian army was about to be pushed out of Transylvania. This is why this battle was a crucial one for Bem. And thanks to the reinforcements sent from Hungary, he could stop the Austrian attack at Piski, defeat Puchner, and restart the fight for the province.
2015 Hong Kong Tennis Open – Singles
Sabine Lisicki was the defending champion, but she withdrew before the tournament began due to a knee injury.

Jelena Janković won the title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 3–6, 7–6(7–4), 6–1.

Miyu Kato (tennis)
Miyu Kato (加藤 未唯, Katō Miyu; born 21 November 1994) is a Japanese professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. On 1 January 2024, she peaked at world No. 26 in the WTA doubles rankings.
She also achieved her career-high singles ranking of No. 122 in January 2018.

Kato has won five doubles titles on the WTA Tour and two WTA Challenger doubles titles. In addition, she has won four singles and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for Japan Fed Cup team, Kato has a win–loss record of 6–1 (5–1 in doubles), as of June 2024.
1886 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1886 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The tournament was held from August 23 to August 28. It was the 6th United States National Championships and the second Grand Slam of the season. This was the final edition of the Championships to exclusively feature men, as women would compete in their own championship, starting with a Singles Championship at the Philadelphia Cricket Club for 1887. The men's and women's championships would be held on separate months for several decades.

Richard Sears (tennis)
Richard Dudley Sears (October 26, 1861 – April 8, 1943) was an American tennis player, who won the US National Championships singles in its first seven years, from 1881 to 1887, and the doubles for six years from 1882 to 1887, after which he retired from tennis.
Raiffeisen Bank (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Raiffeisen Bank d.d. Bosna i Hercegovina, or simply Raiffeisen Bank, is a financial institution serving Bosnia and Herzegovina, with its headquarters located in Sarajevo.

As a member of the Austria-based Raiffeisen Banking Group, Raiffeisen Bank BiH (SWIFT code: RZBABA2S) provides banking services throughout the country. The bank is also a member of the Deposit Insurance Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AOD) and is regulated by the Banking Agency of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBA), under the supervision of the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CB BiH).

The bank operates through 32 branches across Bosnia and Herzegovina as of 2024, providing financial services to a wide range of customers in various towns across the country.

Banking Agency of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Banking Agency of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a state agency of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina responsible for bank regulations.

Banking Agency of the FBiH (FBA) has given its full contribution to the banking sector reform. As an independent, sovereign and non-profit authority for bank supervision and licensing. Its work, since the very beginning, has been directed towards a strong and stable banking, micro-credit and leasing system leasing system, as market-oriented and based on the international standards of performance and supervision of banks, micro-credit organizations and leasing companies.
The Tale of Tsar Saltan
The Tale of Tsar Saltan, of His Son the Renowned and Mighty Bogatyr Prince Gvidon Saltanovich and of the Beautiful Swan-Princess is an 1831 Russian fairy tale in verse by Alexander Pushkin.

As a folk tale it is classified as Aarne–Thompson type 707, "The Three Golden Children", being a variation of The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird. Similar tales are found across the East Slavic countries and in the Baltic languages.

Traditional animation
Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation of the 20th century in the United States until there was a shift to computer animation in the industry, such as 3D computer animation. Despite this, the process remains commonly used primarily in the form of digital ink and paint for television and film, especially when outsourced.
Knickerbocker Village
Knickerbocker Village Limited is a housing development in Manhattan, New York City. It is situated between the Manhattan Bridge and Brooklyn Bridge, in the Two Bridges section of the Lower East Side. Although the location was generally considered to fall on the Lower East Side, it has come to be thought of as part of Chinatown in recent years and the majority of residents are Chinese American. It is located a short distance from New York City Hall, Civic Center, and the South Street Seaport. The complex consists of 1,590 apartments in twelve 13-story brick buildings surrounding two courtyards.

South Street Seaport
The South Street Seaport is a historic area in the New York City borough of Manhattan, centered where Fulton Street meets the East River, within the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Seaport is a designated historic district. It is part of Manhattan Community Board 1 and is next to the East River to the southeast and the Two Bridges neighborhood to the northeast.

The district features some of the oldest buildings in Lower Manhattan, and includes the largest concentration of restored early 19th-century commercial buildings in the city. This includes renovated original mercantile buildings, renovated sailing ships, the former Fulton Fish Market, and modern tourist malls featuring food, shopping, and nightlife.
Stanley A. Owens
Stanley Albert Owens (February 10, 1907 – November 30, 1984) was a Virginia lawyer and Democratic politician who served part-time as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, representing Prince William County, Virginia for 15 years, initially with Stafford County and eventually (along with other delegates), Loudoun County.

Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2020, the census returned a population of 420,959, making it Virginia's third-most populous county. The county seat is Leesburg. Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of 2023, Loudoun County had a median household income of $156,821, the highest of any county or county equivalent in the nation.
Dejerine–Roussy syndrome
Dejerine–Roussy syndrome or thalamic pain syndrome is a condition developed after a thalamic stroke, a stroke causing damage to the thalamus. Ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes can cause lesioning in the thalamus. As initial stroke symptoms (numbness and tingling) dissipate, an imbalance in sensation causes these later syndromes, characterizing Dejerine–Roussy syndrome. Although some treatments exist, they are often expensive, chemically based, invasive, and only treat patients for some time before they need more treatment, called "refractory treatment".

Allodynia
Allodynia is a condition in which pain is caused by a stimulus that does not normally elicit pain. For example, sunburn can cause temporary allodynia, so that usually painless stimuli, such as wearing clothing or running cold or warm water over it, can be very painful. It is different from hyperalgesia, an exaggerated response from a normally painful stimulus. The term comes from Ancient Greek  άλλος (állos) 'other' and  οδύνη (odúnē) 'pain'.
Chūrui Naumann Elephant Museum
The Chūrui Naumann Elephant Museum (忠類ナウマン象記念館, Chūrui Nauman-zō Kinenkan) opened in Makubetsu, Hokkaidō, Japan in 1988. It commemorates the chance discovery of a fossilized Naumann's elephant in Chūrui, now Makubetsu, on 26 July 1969, during construction work on a farm road: the youth who unearthed the initial piece with his pickaxe crying out "this is an elephant's tooth" (「これは象の歯だ」). During the course of three subsequent excavations, some forty-seven bones were recovered, representing 70–80% of the total skeleton. Twenty-two museums in Japan and the rest of the world now house the reconstructed elephant's remains from the Chrui finds.

Municipal mergers and dissolutions in Japan
Municipal mergers and dissolutions carried out in Japan (市町村合併, shichōson gappei) have occurred since the Meiji era to join the facilities and legal boundaries of municipal districts, towns, and cities. Often, these mergers are driven by a necessity to consolidate villages and 'natural settlements' into larger-scale cities as modernization progressed and consolidation was promoted to provide greater access to public facilities and schools.
Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517)
The Ottoman–Persian War was a series of military conflicts fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid dynasty of Iran during the reign of Sultan Bayezid II and his son Selim I. Sparked by sectarian and territorial rivalries, the wars culminated in major Ottoman victories, including the pivotal Battle of Chaldiran (1514) and the subsequent conquest of Eastern Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia. These campaigns marked the beginning of a long-standing Ottoman–Persian rivalry that would last until 1918

Persian campaign (World War I)
The Persian campaign or invasion of Iran (Persian: اشغال ایران در جنگ جهانی اول) was a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire, British Empire and Russian Empire in various areas of what was then neutral Qajar Iran, beginning in December 1914 and ending with the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, as part of the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I. The fighting also involved local Persian units, who fought against the Entente and Ottoman forces in Iran. The conflict proved to be a devastating experience for Persia. Over 2 million Persian civilians died in the conflict, mostly due to the Persian famine of 1917–1919, influenced by British and Russian actions. The Qajar government's inability to maintain the country's sovereignty during and immediately after the First World War led to a coup d'état in 1921 and Reza Shah's establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty.
John Johnston (farmer)
John Johnston (11 April 1791, Knocknalling, near Dalry, Galloway – 24 November 1880) was a Scottish-American farmer. He is credited with the first public introduction of agricultural drainage in the United States. He did so in 1838.

John Johnston was born in Scotland and emigrated to the United States in 1821. His farmhouse in upper Geneva, New York is now a museum of his life and drainage tiles.

Geneva, New York
Geneva is a city in Ontario and Seneca counties in the U.S. state of New York. It is at the northern end of Seneca Lake; all land portions of the city are within Ontario County; the water portions are in Seneca County. The population was 12,812 at the 2020 census. The city is supposedly named after the city and canton of Geneva in Switzerland. The main settlement of the Seneca was spelled Zoneshio by early European settlers, and was described as being two miles north of Seneca Lake.

The city borders the town of Geneva and was once a part of it. The city identifies as the "Lake Trout Capital of the World."
Oxford Mountain
Oxford Mountain is a mountain in the New York–New Jersey Highlands of the Appalachian Mountains in Warren County, New Jersey. The main peak rises to 955 feet (291 m), and is located in Oxford, Washington and Mansfield Townships. Oxford Mountain is separated from County House Mountain to the northeast at Sykes Gap, and forms a part of the divide between Pohatcong Creek and the Pequest River.

Pequest River
The Pequest River is a 35.7-mile-long (57.5 km) tributary of the Delaware River in the Skylands Region in northwestern New Jersey in the United States.

The Pequest, Native American for "open land," drains an area of 162.62 square miles (421.2 km2) across Sussex and Warren counties, consisting of ten municipalities.
Dry bite
A dry bite is a bite by a venomous animal in which no venom is released. Dry snake bites are called "venomous snake bite without envenoming". A dry bite from a snake can still be painful, and be accompanied by bleeding, inflammation, swelling and/or erythema. It may also lead to infection, including tetanus.

Dry bites can occur from all snakes, but their frequency varies from species to species. For example, Australian eastern brown snakes (Pseudonaja textilis) can inflict dry bites 80% of the time while taipans inflict dry bites only 5% of the time. About 50% of snakebite cases can be dry bites. They are characterized by fang and tooth marks and the absence of injected venom.

The first clinically observed dry snake bite occurred in London in 1892, from a South American rattlesnake. The term "dry bite" has been in use since the early 1980s.

Taipan
Taipans are snakes of the genus Oxyuranus in the elapid family. They are large, fast-moving, extremely venomous, and endemic to Australia and New Guinea. Three species are recognised, one of which, the coastal taipan, has two subspecies. Taipans are some of the deadliest known snakes.
Murt Duggan
Murt Duggan (born 1941) is an Irish hurling selector and former player. At club level he played with Gortnahoe–Glengoole and Ballingarry, and also served as a selector with the Tipperary senior hurling team.

1959 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1959 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 29th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.

Limerick entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster final.

On 6 September 1959 Tipperary won the championship following a 2-8 to 2-7 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their 12th All-Ireland title and their first in two championship seasons.
Border Pacific Railroad
The Border Pacific Railroad (reporting mark BOP) is a short-line railroad headquartered in Rio Grande City, Texas, United States.

BOP operates a 31.6 miles (50.9 km) line from Rio Grande City to an interchange with Union Pacific (via Rio Valley Switching Company) at Mission, Texas. BOP traffic includes silica sand, ballast, crushed stone, asphalt, scrap paper, and feed grains.

The line was opened in 1925 and became part of Missouri Pacific in 1956.  Short-line service started in 1984. The BOP went idle for a while in 2013 after a bridge fire but once the bridge was repaired it has been running ever since.

Shortline railroad
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that operates over a relatively short distance relative to larger, national railroad networks. The term is used primarily in the United States and Canada. In the former, railroads are categorized by operating revenue, and most shortline railroads fall into the Class III or Class II categorization defined by the Surface Transportation Board.
John McMullen (engineer)
John J. McMullen, Ph.D (May 10, 1918 – September 16, 2005) was an American naval architect, businessman, and marine engineer, and former owner of the New Jersey Devils and Houston Astros. He founded the engineering firm John J. McMullen & Associates, and was the owner of Norton Lilly International a shipping agent now based out of Mobile, Alabama, from 1972 until 2002.

Montclair High School (New Jersey)
Montclair High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school located in Montclair, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as the lone secondary school of the Montclair Public School District. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1928.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,925 students and 149.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.9:1. There were 275 students (14.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 69 (3.6% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Alindao
Alindao is a town and sub-prefecture located in the Central African Republic prefecture of Basse-Kotto.  It lies at the junction of the National Route 2 and 22. Alindao had a population of 14,401 as of the 2003 census; and a calculated 2013 population of 15,213. The town is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alindao. It has a small airport, Alindao Airport. A Catholic Mission was established at Alindao during French occupation under French Equatorial Africa.

French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa (French: Afrique équatoriale française, or  AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzaville.
Tanpopo (novel)
Tanpopo ("The Dandelion") is a Japanese novel by Yasunari Kawabata, written in 1964, but published only posthumously in 1972, left unfinished when the author died. Kawabata had commenced serializing his final novel in the literary magazine Shincho, but after winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in October 1968 he ceased all publishing activity.

A French translation with the title Les pissenlits was published in 2012. An English translation with an afterword by Michael Emmerich was published in 2017 by New Directions.

New Directions Publishing
New Directions Publishing Corp. is an independent book publishing company that was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin (1914–1997) and incorporated in 1964. Its offices are located at 80 Eighth Avenue in New York City.
Skindergade 36
Skindergade 36/Dyrkøb 3 is a Neoclassical building complex situated close to Gammeltorv in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It consists of a five-bays-wide, four-storey building in Skindergade and another five-bays-wide, four-storey building in Dyrkøb as well as a side wing which connects the two buildings along the west side of a central courtyard. The Dyrkøb building fronts the south side of the Church of Our Lady. N. J. Frænckels Stiftelse, a private senior citizens home administrated by the Jewish congregation, was located in the building from 1899 until 1961. The building complex was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945. Notable former residents include the painter Niels Simonsen, musician in the Royal Danish Orchestra H. S. Paulli (1810–1891) and theologian and translator Edvard Lembcke (1815–1897).

Skindergade
Skindergade is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Running roughly parallel to Strøget, to which it is connected through Jorcks Passage, it extends for approximately 400 metres from Gammeltorv to Købmagergade.
Nosalewice
Nosalewice [nɔsalɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedbórz, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Przedbórz, 35 km (22 mi) east of Radomsko, and 82 km (51 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.