hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Superior Court of the District of Columbia
The Superior Court of the District of Columbia, commonly referred to as DC Superior Court, is the trial court for the District of Columbia, in the United States. It hears cases involving criminal, civil law, family court, landlord, tenant, probate, tax, and driving violations. All appeals of Superior Court decisions go to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals though magistrate judge opinions are first appealed to a Superior Court Associate Judge.

Equity (law)
In the field of jurisprudence, equity is the particular body of law, developed in the English Court of Chancery, with the general purpose of providing legal remedies for cases wherein the common law is inflexible and cannot fairly resolve the disputed legal matter. Conceptually, equity was part of the historical origins of the English common law system, yet is a field of law separate from common law because it has its own distinct rules and principles and was administered by courts of equity.

Equity exists in domestic law, both in civil law and in common law systems, as well as in international law. The tradition of equity begins in antiquity with the writings of Aristotle (epieikeia) and with Roman law (aequitas). Later, in civil law systems, equity was integrated in the legal rules, while in common law systems it became an independent body of law.
Persikota Sungai Penuh
Persatuan Sepak Bola Indonesia Kota Sungai Penuh, commonly known as simply Persikota Sungai Penuh, is an Indonesia association football club based in Sungai Penuh, Jambi. As of October 2021, the football club plays in Liga 4 which is the last tier in Indonesian football.

Football in Indonesia
Association football is the most popular sport in Indonesia, in terms of annual attendance, participation and revenue. Approximately 60% of the people in Indonesia are interested in football.

Football is played on all levels, from children to middle-aged men. Super League, the Indonesian domestic league is popular. The national body is the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The Indonesian football league started around 1930 in the Dutch colonial era.
Herbert Klausmeier
Herbert John Klausmeier (November 4, 1915 – May 20, 2014) was an American educational psychologist.

He served in the United States Navy from 1941 to 1946.

He received his PhD from Stanford University in 1949. He was behind the proposal that established the Wisconsin Center for Education Research.

He received the E. L. Thorndike Award in 1991.

Educational psychologist
An educational psychologist is a psychologist whose differentiating functions may include diagnostic and psycho-educational assessment, psychological counseling in educational communities (students, teachers, parents, and academic authorities), community-type psycho-educational intervention, and mediation, coordination, and referral to other professionals, at all levels of the educational system. Many countries use this term to signify those who provide services to students, their teachers, and families, while other countries use this term to signify academic expertise in teaching Educational Psychology.
Dan (son of Jacob)
According to the Book of Genesis, Dan (Hebrew: דָּן, Dān, "judgment" or "he judged") was the first of the two sons of Jacob and Bilhah (Jacob's fifth son). His mother, Bilhah, was Rachel's handmaid, who becomes one of Jacob's concubines (Book of Genesis, Genesis 35:22). In the Biblical account, he is the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Dan. He was the father of Hushim, according to Gen 46:23. Samson was a descendant of Dan.

Handmaiden
A handmaiden (nowadays less commonly handmaid or maidservant) is a personal maid or female servant. The term is also used metaphorically for something whose primary role is to serve or assist. Depending on culture or historical period, a handmaiden may be of enslaved status or may be simply an employee. The terms handmaiden and handmaid are synonyms.
Onishi OSG3
The Onishi OSG3 is a 1970s Japanese single-seat motor glider, designed and built by Yuichi Onishi (大西勇一,Onishi Yuichi). This was his second motor-glider design; the first being a high-wing monoplane, powered by a Subaru car engine, with which he made a 120 km (75 mi) flight between Chigasaki and Oshima Island in July 1970.

Chigasaki
Chigasaki (茅ヶ崎市, Chigasaki-shi) is a city located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2021, the city had an estimated population of 242,798 and a population density of 6800 people per km2. The total area of the city is 35.71 square kilometres (13.79 sq mi).
Tatro
Tatro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Duane Tatro (1927–2020), American composer

Dustin Tatro (1927–2020), American stadium organist

Jimmy Tatro (born 1992), American actor, comedian, writer, and YouTube personality

Jimmy Tatro
James Richard Tatro is an American actor and YouTuber. He is the creator and star of the YouTube channel LifeAccordingToJimmy, which has more than 3.34 million subscribers and over 746 million video views. Tatro writes, produces and directs each of his video sketches with his friend, Christian A. Pierce.

Tatro has appeared in Grown Ups 2, 22 Jump Street, Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland, Boo! A Madea Halloween, and Stuber, as well as the music video for the Lil Dicky song "Freaky Friday". He also starred in the first season of the true-crime mockumentary American Vandal as Dylan Maxwell, which garnered him critical acclaim and a Critics Choice Award nomination. From 2021 to 2023, Tatro had a main role as Connor on the ABC sitcom Home Economics.
Melanie McFadyean
Melanie McFadyean (24 November 1950 – 16 March 2023) was a British journalist and lecturer. She wrote for a wide range of papers, including The Guardian, The Observer, The Sunday Times and The Independent, particularly about asylum, immigration and human rights issues.

In the 1980s, McFadyean was a notable advice columnist for young people, serving as agony aunt (1983–1986) of Just Seventeen teen magazine, and going on to become editor of The Guardian newspaper's "Young Guardian" page. In her career as an investigative journalist, she was the recipient of awards such as the Amnesty International UK Media Award and the Bar Council's Legal Reporting Award. Also an educator, she worked as a part-time lecturer in journalism at City University, London.

Richard Appignanesi
Richard Appignanesi (/æpɪŋʊnˈeɪziː/; December 20, 1940 – April 8, 2025) was a Canadian writer and editor. He was the originating editor of the internationally successful illustrated For Beginners book series (since 1991 called the Introducing... series), as well as the author of several of the series' texts. He was a founding publisher and editor of Icon Books.  He was founding editor of the Manga Shakespeare series.  He was an executive editor of the journal Third Text, and reviews editor of the policy studies journal Futures.

Appignanesi authored four novels, a graphic novel, a variety of graphic texts, a volume of poetry, monographs and essays on cultural and literary subjects, and curated several projects.
Austbanen Moraine
Austbanen Moraine is a medial moraine in the glacier between the Westliche Petermann Range and the Mittlere Petermann Range in the Wohlthat Mountains, originating at Svarttindane Peaks and trending north for 12 miles (19 km). It was first roughly plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition between 1938 and 1939. It was mapped by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition from 1956 to 1960, from air photos and from surveys, and named "Austbanen" ("the east path"). Vestbanen Moraine, a similar paralleling feature, lies 7 miles (11 km) westward.

71°32′S 12°21′E﻿ / ﻿71.533°S 12.350°E﻿ / -71.533; 12.350

German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)
The German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–1939 was led by Kriegsmarine captain Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963) and was the third official Antarctic expedition of the German Reich, by order of the "Commissioner for the Four Year Plan" Hermann Göring. Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat was mandated with planning and preparation.

The expedition's main objective was of economic nature, in particular the establishment of a whaling station and the acquisition of fishing grounds for a German whaling fleet in order to reduce the Reich's dependence on the import of industrial oils, fats and dietary fats. Preparations took place under strict secrecy as the enterprise was also tasked to make a feasibility assessment for a future occupation of Antarctic territory in the region between 20 ° West and 20 ° East.
Totland Bay Lifeboat Station
Totland Bay Lifeboat Station was located at the foot of Widdick Chine, on the shore at Totland, on the northern shore of the Western Peninsula, of the Isle of Wight.

A lifeboat was first placed at Totland in 1870 by a local committee, but was withdrawn and transferred to Shanklin, on the establishment of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) station at Totland in 1885.

Totland Bay Lifeboat Station was closed in 1924, following the decision to locate a new motor-powered lifeboat at Yarmouth.

Yarmouth, Isle of Wight
Yarmouth is a town, port and civil parish in the west of the Isle of Wight, off the south coast of England. The town grew near the river crossing, originally a ferry, which was replaced with a road bridge in 1863.
Yom hillula
A Yom Hillula (Hebrew: יום הילולא, day of festivity) is another word for yahrzeit or "death anniversary". However, it differs from a regular yahrzeit in two respects. It refers specifically to the yahrzeit of a great tzaddik "saint", and unlike a regular yahrzeit, which is marked with sadness or even fasting, a Yom Hillula is commemorated specifically through simcha "joy" and festive celebration.

The yom hillula is most often used in Hasidic Judaism to refer to the day of the death of rebbes (influential leaders), and also for historical thinkers and teachers of Kabbalah or Hasidic philosophy.

The observation of hilluloth for North African ascetic or mystical saints in Maghrebi Jewish communities is widespread, especially in Morocco, with the Hiloula of Rabbi Isaac Ben Walid and the Hiloula of Rabbi Haim Pinto among them, as well as the Baba Sali in the Israeli town of Netivot.

Netivot
Netivot (Hebrew: נתיבות, lit. 'Paths') is a city located in the Southern District of Israel, located 8 miles (13 kilometers) southeast of Sderot and 19 miles (31 kilometers) northwest of Beersheba. In 2023 it had a population of 52,877.
Fabulinus
In the popular religion of ancient Rome, though not appearing in literary Roman mythology, the god Fabulinus (from fabulari, to speak) taught children to speak. He received an offering when the child spoke its first words. He figured among what Walter Pater enumerated in Marius the Epicurean (1885) among:

the names of that populace of 'little gods', dear to the Roman home, which the pontiffs had placed on the sacred list of the Indigitamenta, to be invoked, because they can help, on special occasions, were not forgotten in the long litany— Vatican who causes the infant to utter his first cry, Fabulinus who prompts his first word, Cuba who keeps him quiet in his cot, Domiduca especially, for whom Marius had through life a particular memory and devotion, the goddess who watches over one's safe coming home".

Walter Pater
Walter Horatio Pater (4 August 1839 – 30 July 1894) was an English essayist, art and literary critic, and fiction writer, regarded as one of the great stylists. His first and most often reprinted book, Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873), revised as The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry (1877), in which he outlined his approach to art and advocated an ideal of the intense inner life, was taken by many as a manifesto (whether stimulating or subversive) of Aestheticism.
Maria Mayerchyk
Maria Mayerchyk (Ukrainian: Маєрчик Марія Степанівна, born 15 October 1971) is a Ukrainian feminist academic and the editor-in-chief of Feminist Critique: East European Journal of Feminist and Queer Studies.

She is noted for her analysis of feminism at the Euromaidan protests.

Krytyka
Krytyka (Ukrainian: Критика, lit. ''Critique'') is a Ukrainian intellectual monthly/bi-monthly magazine (Ukrainian: часопис, romanized: chasopys) and publishing house dedicated to in-depth analysis of current affairs, culture and book reviews in Ukraine and the region. Krytyka was founded by the Harvard professor of Ukrainian literature, George Grabowicz, in 1997. The magazine is a partner of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, University of St. Gallen (Center for Governance and Culture in Europe), and an exclusive partner of The New York Review of Books in Ukraine. Krytyka receives support from Western and Ukrainian foundations for its various projects, such as Robert Bosch Stiftung. Krytyka is a member of Eurozine, a network of European cultural magazines, and sees its role in mediating between Ukrainian and global intellectual elites. Since 2014, it is also available in English.
Teign Valley Group
The Teign Valley Group is a late Devonian to late/middle Carboniferous lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in north Cornwall through Devon and into west Somerset in southwest England. The name is derived from the valley of the River Teign. The Group comprises (in ascending order i.e. oldest first) the Barras Nose, Trambley Cove, Teign Chert and Dowhills Mudstone formations. It also includes the Brendon and St Mellion formations whose stratigraphical context is unclear since all known boundaries of these two unit are tectonic. The Brendon Formation slates extend from Tavistock west to Bodmin Moor. The St Mellion Formation sandstones, siltstones and mudstones are found from Holne northeastwards. The Teign Valley Group was formerly known as the Lower Culm Group or Lower Culm Measures.

Holne
Holne is a village and civil parish on the southeastern slopes of Dartmoor in Devon, England. A community has existed here since at least the 11th century, and today a population of around 250 people is served by a church and a public house, the Church House Inn.
2014 in India
2014 in India refers to notable events that took place in the year 2014 in the Republic of India. Among the notable events were the 2014 Indian general election, in which Bharatiya Janata Party obtained a landslide victory and Narendra Modi was sworn in as the new Prime Minister of India. A new state of Telangana was formed. Also in 2014, Mars Orbiter Mission of India successfully entered Mars orbit.

Sriharikota
Sriharikota (Telugu: [ʃriːhɐɾikoːʈɐ]) is a barrier island off the Bay of Bengal coast located in the Shar Project settlement of Tirupati district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It houses the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, one of the two satellite launch centres in India (the other being SSLV Launch Complex, Kulasekarapattinam). ISRO launches satellites using multistage rockets such as the PSLV and the GSLV from the island. Sriharikota was selected by ISRO because of its proximity to the equator, it gives extra centripetal force from the rotation of Earth.
Future Virology
Future Virology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Future Medicine. The editor-in-chief is Mark Wainberg (McGill University). The journal covers all types of virus, both from the perspective of human health (vaccines and disease prevention, disease treatment, and drug resistance. The journal was established in 2006 and is published by Future Science Group.

Embase
Embase (often styled EMBASE for Excerpta Medica dataBASE) is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of published literature designed to support information managers and pharmacovigilance in complying with the regulatory requirements of a licensed drug. Embase, produced by Elsevier, contains over 32 million records from over 8,500 currently published journals from 1947 to the present. Through its international coverage, daily updates, and drug indexing with EMTREE, Embase enables tracking and retrieval of drug information in the published literature. Each record is fully indexed and Articles in Press are available for some records and In Process are available for all records, ahead of full indexing. Embase's international coverage expands across biomedical journals from 95 countries and is available through a number of database vendors.
Sloy
Sloy was a French indie rock band, formed in 1991 and disbanded in 2000. The band was formed in Béziers but relocated to Rennes, in Brittany the year of their formation because the audience in their native region was not receptive to their music. They emerged thanks to the collaboration of Steve Albini, who produced their first albums.

Béziers
Béziers (French: [bezje] ⓘ; Occitan: Besièrs) is a city in southern France. It is a subprefecture of the Hérault department in the Occitanie region. Every August Béziers hosts the famous Feria de Béziers, which is centred on bullfighting. A million visitors are attracted to the five-day event.

The town is located on a small bluff above the river Orb, about ten kilometres (six miles) from the Mediterranean coast and 75 kilometres (47 miles) southwest of Montpellier. At Béziers, the Canal du Midi passes over the river Orb by means of the Pont-canal de l'Orb, an aqueduct claimed to be the first of its kind.
Club Atlético Candelaria
Club Atlético Candelaria are a lower league football club from the city of Candelaria in the province of Misiones in Argentina.

They currently play in Torneo Argentino C which is the regionalised 5th tier of Argentinian football. They won promotion to Torneo Argentino A in 2003/04 but only survived 2 seasons before succumbing to relegation back to Argentino B.

Candalaria finished second bottom of their group in the Apertura and Clausura of Torneo Argentino B 2006–2007 condemning them to relegation to Argentino C which is the lowest level of football in the AFA league system.

Torneo Argentino C
The Torneo Argentino C (officially Torneo del Interior) was one of the two leagues that form the regionalised fifth level of the Argentine football league system. The competition was organized by the Federal Council (Consejo Federal), an internal organ of the Argentine Football Association (AFA), and was contested by clubs indirectly affiliated to the Association. In other words, the clubs that played in the tournament are affiliated to their local leagues, that in turn are affiliated to AFA.

The tournament was disputed by teams from all around the country, except from Buenos Aires, Greater Buenos Aires, Rosario and Santa Fe, whose teams are directly affiliated. Teams directly affiliated play in the other regionalised fifth tier, the Primera D Metropolitana.

Teams in the Argentino C played for promotion to the Torneo Argentino B. On the other hand, there is no unique league below this level. Teams were relegated to their original regional leagues.
18th Independent Battery New York Light Artillery
The 18th Independent Battery New York Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The unit was organized in September 1862 and shipped to New Orleans. The battery fought at Fort Bisland, Vermilion Bayou, Plains Store, and Port Hudson in 1863. The battery served in garrison until 1865 when it fought at Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley. It was mustered out of federal service in July 1865.

Battle of Plains Store
The Battle of Plains Store was fought on May 21, 1863, in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, during the campaign to capture Port Hudson in the American Civil War. Union troops advancing from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, clashed with 600 Confederates at a road junction.  The initial Confederate force withdrew, but 400 more Confederates arrived from Port Hudson. Some of the Confederate reinforcement overran Union artillery and routed a Union regiment, but were unable to capture the guns.  Union reinforcements advanced to the front, attacked part of the Confederate force and drove them from the field.  The Confederates withdrew to Port Hudson, which was almost entirely surrounded by Union troops the next day.  Port Hudson was under siege until the defenders surrendered on July 9.
DRG Class ET 169
The DR Class ET 169 (until 1941: Type "Bernau") was the first class of electric multiple units for use on the Berlin S-Bahn commuter lines. 17 five car units were ordered by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1925, each comprising two motor cars with bogies and three short four-wheelers. They were intended for service on the northern lines from Stettiner Station to the rural towns Bernau, Oranienburg and Velten.

Deutsche Reichsbahn
The Deutsche Reichsbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁaɪçsˌbaːn]), also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The Deutsche Reichsbahn has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history".
CO stripping
In electrochemistry, CO stripping is a voltammetry technique in which a monolayer of carbon monoxide () already adsorbed on the surface of an electrocatalyst is electrochemically oxidized and thus removed from the surface. A well-known process of this type is CO stripping on Pt/C electrocatalysts in which the electrooxidation peak occurs somewhere between 0.5 and 0.9 V depending on the characteristics and structural properties of the specimen.

Catalyst poisoning
Catalyst poisoning is the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst by a chemical compound. Poisoning refers specifically to chemical deactivation, rather than other mechanisms of catalyst degradation such as thermal decomposition or physical damage. Although usually undesirable, poisoning may be helpful when it results in improved catalyst selectivity (e.g. Lindlar's catalyst). An important historic example was the poisoning of catalytic converters by leaded fuel.
QARMAN
QARMAN (QubeSat for Aerothermodynamic Research and Measurements on Ablation) was a technology demonstration CubeSat-type satellite developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics in Belgium. Its mission was to test various atmospheric reentry-related technologies including an innovative cork-based ablative heat shield. QARMAN was launched aboard the SpaceX Dragon mission CRS-19 in December 2019 and later deployed from the ISS in February 2020. It was expected to slowly drift down over several months, its shuttlecock-like profile increasing its drag and stabilising its orientation, until finally it would reenter the atmosphere in July 2020, testing its heat shield and transmitting data via the Iridium satellites. However, the low solar activity during the beginning of Solar cycle 25 slowed the rate of its orbital decay. On 14 July 2020, the satellite stopped transmitting after experiencing increasing onboard temperatures.

Technology demonstration
A technology demonstration (or tech demo), also known as demonstrator model, is a prototype, rough example or otherwise incomplete version of a conceivable product or future system, put together as proof of concept with the primary purpose of showcasing the possible applications, feasibility, performance and method of an idea for a new technology. They can be used as demonstrations to the investors, partners, journalists or even to potential customers in order to convince them of the viability of the chosen approach, or to test them on ordinary users.