hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Logorrhea
In psychology, logorrhea or logorrhoea (from Ancient Greek λόγος logos 'word' and ῥέω rheo 'to flow') is a communication disorder that causes excessive wordiness and repetitiveness, which can cause incoherency. Logorrhea is sometimes classified as a mental illness, though it is more commonly classified as a symptom of mental illness or brain injury. This ailment is often reported as a symptom of Wernicke's aphasia, where damage to the language processing center of the brain creates difficulty in self-centered speech.

Communication disorder
A communication disorder is any disorder that affects an individual's ability to comprehend, detect, or apply language and speech to engage in dialogue effectively with others. This also encompasses deficiencies in verbal and non-verbal communication styles. The delays and disorders can range from simple sound substitution to the inability to understand or use one's native language. This article covers subjects such as diagnosis, the DSM-IV, the DSM-V, and examples like sensory impairments, aphasia, learning disabilities, and speech disorders.
Circumcision and law
Laws restricting, regulating, or banning circumcision, some dating back to ancient times, have been enacted in many countries and communities. In the case of non-therapeutic circumcision of children, proponents of laws in favor of the procedure often point to the rights of the parents or practitioners, namely the right of freedom of religion. Those against the procedure point to the boy's right of freedom from religion. In several court cases, judges have pointed to the irreversible nature of the act, the grievous harm to the boy's body, and the right to self-determination, and bodily integrity.

The Alternative (Denmark)
The Alternative (Danish: Alternativet) is a green and pro-European political party in Denmark. The party was publicly launched on 27 November 2013 by former Minister of Culture Uffe Elbæk and Josephine Fock; Elbæk had been a parliamentarian for the Social Liberal Party. Elbæk was the leader of the party until February 2020, where he stepped down and was succeeded by Fock. Currently the party is led by Franciska Rosenkilde. The Alternative regards itself as a political movement and a cultural voice, as well as a political party.
Suresh H. Moolgavkar
Suresh H. Moolgavkar (born 3 January 1943) is an Indian mathematician and epidemiologist who was at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle. He is a Senior Fellow and Research Scientist at Exponent, a consulting firm.  Among his many scientific contributions is the development of the two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model of carcinogenesis, also known as the Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudson (MVK) model, a stochastic cell-level description of carcinogenesis based on Alfred G. Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis. In its original development the TSCE model  represents tumor initiation as the first hit, followed by cell proliferation (clonal expansion) and malignant transformation as the second hit. It has been interpreted as describing the initiation-promotion-progression sequence observed in chemical carcinogenesis and has been applied widely for the analysis of both experimental and epidemiological data for purposes of quantitative risk assessment.

Alfred G. Knudson
Alfred George Knudson, Jr. (August 9, 1922 – July 10, 2016) was an American physician and geneticist specializing in cancer genetics. Among his many contributions to the field was the formulation of the Knudson hypothesis in 1971, which explains the effects of mutation on carcinogenesis (the development of cancer).
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry for Pensions
The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions was a junior Ministerial office at Parliamentary Secretary rank in the British Government, supporting the Minister for Pensions. Today, the role is known as the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Pensions.

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Pensions
The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Pensions is a junior position in the Department for Work and Pensions in the British government.

In the 1970s the minister was known as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Employment.
Julio Alsogaray (sailor)
Julio Alsogaray (born 11 April 1980 in San Pedro, Buenos Aires Province) is an Argentine sailor in the Optimist, Laser, Lightning and Snipe classes.

Worlds. Gold at the 2019 Lightning Worlds and the 2024 Snipe Worlds; silver at the 2008 Laser Worlds; and bronze at the 1994 Optimist Worlds.

Olympic Games. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing he finished seventh, while at the 2012 Summer Olympics he finished 11th, and at the 2020 Summer Olympics he finished tenth.

Central and South American Laser Championship 2012

Snipe South American Championship 2024

Snipe (dinghy)
The Snipe is an American sailing dinghy that was designed by William F. Crosby as a one design racer and first built in 1931.

The boat is a World Sailing recognized international class.

Sailboatdata.com summarizes the design as "one of the most popular sailing dinghies ever. (In its heyday, the largest sailboat racing class). Origins in the US. Built, sailed and raced around the world to this day."
Stilifer astericola
Stilifer astericola is a parasitic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the taxonomic family Eulimidae. It is the type species of the genus Stilifer.

The species was discovered in the Malay Archipelago by Hugh Cuming. It was found burrowing in different parts of the oral disc of Heliaster cumingi.

Malay Archipelago
The Malay Archipelago is the archipelago between Mainland Southeast Asia and Australia, and is also called Insulindia or the Indo-Australian Archipelago. The name was taken from the 19th-century European concept of a Malay race, later based on the distribution of Austronesian languages. It has also been called the "Malay world", "Nusantara", and the "East Indies" over time. The name is controversial in Indonesia due to its ethnic connotations and colonial undertones, which can overshadow the country's diverse cultures.

Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, the archipelago of over 25,000 islands and islets is the largest archipelago by area and fifth by number of islands in the world. It includes Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia (specifically East Malaysia), Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Singapore. The term is largely synonymous with Maritime Southeast Asia.
Petalidium
Petalidium, commonly known as petal-bushes, is a genus of perennial shrubs in the acanthus family. They are native to sandy flats or stony slopes in the drier bush regions of Africa, India and the Mascarene Islands. The majority of species occur in  frost-free, summer rainfall regions of southern Africa, and may be found from low to medium altitudes.

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.
Styphelia allittii
Styphelia allittii is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rigid, glabrous shrub that typically grows to a height of about 30 cm (12 in) and has egg-shaped or lance-shaped leaves and tube-shaped, white flowers.

It was first formally described in 1864 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected near the Murchison River by Augustus Oldfield. The specific epithet (allittii) honours William Allitt, who worked at the botanic gardens at Portland.

Styphelia allittii occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia and is listed as "Priority Three" meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.

Swan Coastal Plain
The Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia is the geographic feature which contains the Swan River as it travels west to the Indian Ocean. The coastal plain continues well beyond the boundaries of the Swan River and its tributaries, as a geological and biological zone, one of Western Australia's Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia regions. It is also one of the distinct physiographic provinces of the larger West Australian Shield division.
Mexican Federal Highway 185
Federal Highway 185 (Carretera Federal 185) is a Federal Highway of Mexico. The highway travels from Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz in the north to Salina Cruz, Oaxaca in the south. It is also known as the Carretera Transístmica because it crosses the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. It crosses the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca at Chivela Pass.

Salina Cruz
Salina Cruz is a major seaport on the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is the state's fourth-largest city and is the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name.  
It is part of the Tehuantepec District in the west of the Istmo Region.
The city had a 2020 census population of 76,660, while its municipality, with an area of 131.9 km2 (50.9 sq mi) had a population of 84,438, the state's fifth-largest municipality in population.

The port was developed in the late 19th century due to its location at the southern terminus of the Tren Interoceánico, which carried freight across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
The Oldest View
The Oldest View is a mystery thriller web series created by American YouTuber and filmmaker Kane Parsons. Production on the series began in January 2023, shortly after his Backrooms series entered a temporary hiatus. The series debuted in March 2023 with the episode "Renewal", which has over 3 million views as of September 2025. In April 2024, the latest installment, "Dispersal", was released, as Parsons went on to continue production on his Backrooms series.

The series is related to a real life mall called Valley View Center, which was completely demolished in May 2023, except the mall has somehow manifested underground, with the only entrances to it being holes in the ground with concrete stairs leading down to the mall. The main protagonist of the series is a character named Wyatt, who ventures through the mall, recording on his phone to uncover its mysteries, with a giant rolling puppet within that tries to catch Wyatt and presumably kill him.

Stairs
Stairs are a structure designed to bridge a large vertical distance between lower and higher levels by dividing it into smaller vertical distances. This is achieved as a diagonal series of horizontal platforms called steps which enable passage to the other level by stepping from one to another step in turn. Steps are very typically rectangular, but may instead be straight, curved, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.

Types of stairs include staircases (also called stairways) and escalators. Some alternatives to stairs are elevators (also called lifts), stairlifts, inclined moving walkways, ladders, and ramps. A stairwell is a vertical shaft or opening that contains a staircase. A flight (of stairs) is an inclined part of a staircase consisting of steps (and their lateral supports if supports are separate from steps).
Ma'alefa'ak
Ma'alefa'ak (also known as Malefic and Malefic Jones) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, usually depicted as the archenemy of his twin brother, the superhero Martian Manhunter. Created by writer John Ostrander and artist Tom Mandrake, the character first appeared in Martian Manhunter (vol. 2) #0 (October 1998).

The character has appeared in various media outside comics. He appeared in the animated film Justice League: Doom, voiced by Carl Lumbly; the live-action series Supergirl, portrayed by Phil LaMarr; and the animated series Young Justice, where he is voiced by Benjamin Diskin and depicted as a White Martian.

Archenemy
In literature, an archenemy (sometimes spelled as arch-enemy) or archnemesis is the main enemy of the protagonist—or sometimes, one of the other main characters—appearing as the most prominent and most-known enemy of the hero.
Dual Currency Bond
Dual currency bonds are the bonds for which money is raised in one currency, but redemption takes place in another. In a dual currency bond, the principal and coupon rate are denominated in two different currencies.

Coupon (finance)
In finance, a coupon is the interest payment that a bond issuer promises to pay a bondholder regularly from the date of issuance until the date of maturity of a bond.

Coupons are normally described in terms of the "coupon rate", which is calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face value. For example, if a bond has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5% (per year), then it pays total coupons of $50 per year. Typically, this will consist of two semi-annual payments of $25 each.
Vrezh Kirakosyan
Vrezh Kirakosyan (in Armenian Վրեժ Կիրակոսյան) (born in 1983) is an Armenian singer who won the first series (2010–2011) of the Armenian X-Factor series (in Armenian Իքս-Ֆակտոր) after getting top votes in the final broadcast live on the Armenian Shant TV station on 15 May 2011, against rival finalist and runner-up Srbuhi Sargsyan.

Title holder Kirakosyan competed in the "over 25" category and was mentored by judge Gisané Palyan. As a result of his victory, he has a contract with Sony for two singles in addition to filming of a music video for his winning song.

Shant TV
Shant TV (Armenian: Շանթ հեռուստատեսություն, romanized: Shant' herrustatesut'yun) is a private television broadcasting company in Armenia. Shant TV was founded by Arthur Yezekyan in Gyumri, the second largest city in Armenia, in 1994. Shant TV launched a full 6 hour broadcasting schedule in May 1995.
Radio Slon
Radio Slon is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as local news, talk show, music, entertainment and comic program.

Radio Slon was founded on 27 December 1995 as private, commercial radio station by the company Vidik d.o.o. Tuzla (RTV Slon).

Program is mainly produced in Bosnian language at one FM frequency (Tuzla 89.0 MHz) and it is available in the city of Tuzla as well as in nearby municipalities in Tuzla Canton and Zenica-Doboj Canton area.

Estimated number of listeners of Radio Slon is around 213.948.

Television channels TV Slon Extra (terrestrial television in Tuzla area) and TV Slon Info (cable and online television station) are also part of company.

Zenica-Doboj Canton
The Zenica-Doboj Canton (Bosnian: Zeničko-dobojski kanton; Croatian: Zeničko-dobojska županija; Serbian: Зеничко-добојски кантон) is a federated state and one of ten cantons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the entity of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The seat and largest city is Zenica.

Spread over an area of 3,415 km2 (1,319 sq mi), the canton roughly occupies the central areas of the country. With a population of over 0.35 million inhabitants in 2013, it is the third most populous canton in the entity.
José the Assistant
José García is an American professional wrestler and manager, best known for his time with All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performed under the ring name José the Assistant and also managed Andrade El Ídolo and La Facción Ingobernable (Rush, Dralístico and Preston Vance).

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
2013 Open Castilla y León
The 2013 Open Castilla y León was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 28th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Segovia, Spain between 29 July and 4 August 2013.

Albano Olivetti
Albano Olivetti (born 24 November 1991) is a French professional tennis player and a doubles specialist. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of No. 33 achieved on 16 February 2026 and a singles ranking of No. 161 achieved on 26 May 2014.

Although not officially recognised by the ATP, Olivetti did hit the second fastest serve on record at 160 mph or 257.5 km/h during the first round of the 2012 Internazionali Trofeo Lame Perrel–Faip.
Panjan Kissana
Panjan Kissana (sometimes spelt Panjan kasana)(پنجن کسانہ) is a town and union council of Gujrat District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kharian Tehsil and is located at 32°46'0N 73°55'0E at an altitude of 262 metres (862 feet).

Kharian Tehsil
Kharian Tehsil (Punjabi and Urdu: تحصیل کھاریاں) is a tehsil (sub-district) located in Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan. The town lies between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers and in the north the foothills of the Pir Panjal mountains.
Anne of Armagnac
Anne of Armagnac, Dame d'Albret, Countess of Dreux (1402 – before March 1473) was a French noblewoman and a member of the powerful Gascon Armagnac family which played a prominent role in French politics during the Hundred Years War and were the principal adversaries of the Burgundians throughout the Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War. Anne was the wife of Charles II d'Albret.

Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War
The Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War was a conflict between two cadet branches of the French royal family: the House of Orléans (Armagnac faction) and the House of Burgundy (Burgundian faction) from 1407 to 1435. It began during a lull in the Hundred Years' War against the English and overlapped with the Western Schism of the papacy.
Caldicot railway station
Caldicot railway station is a part of the British railway system owned by Network Rail and is operated by Transport for Wales. It serves the town of Caldicot in Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located between Chepstow and the city of Newport on the Gloucester line, 148 miles 2 chains (238.2 km) from the zero point at Paddington, measured via Stroud. The line to Bristol via the Severn Tunnel runs just to the north but there are no platforms here; however, Severn Tunnel Junction station is within walking distance for those wanting to travel to Bristol.

Transport for Wales Rail
Transport for Wales Rail Limited, branded as Transport for Wales and TfW Rail (Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru and TrC Trenau), is a Welsh publicly owned train operating company, a subsidiary of Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company. It commenced operations of the day to day services of the Wales & Borders franchise on 7 February 2021, as an operator of last resort, succeeding KeolisAmey Wales.

Transport for Wales Rail manages 248 National Rail stations, including all 223 in Wales, and operates all passenger mainline services wholly within Wales, and services along the England–Wales border, many of which run into or through England.
History of Crimea (1991–2014)
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence, the majority ethnic Russian Crimean Peninsula was reorganized as the Republic of Crimea, after a 1991 referendum with the Crimean authorities pushing for more independence from Ukraine and closer links with Russia. In 1995 the Republic was forcibly abolished by Ukraine with the Autonomous Republic of Crimea established firmly under Ukrainian authority. There were also intermittent tensions with Russia over the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, although a 1997 treaty partitioned the Soviet Black Sea Fleet allowing Russia to continue basing its fleet in Sevastopol with the lease extended in 2010. Following the impeachment of the relatively pro-Russia Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych, Russia invaded Crimea, overthrew the elected autonomous government and claimed to annex it in 2014.

Yuriy Meshkov
Yuri Aleksandrovich Meshkov (Ukrainian: Юрій Олександрович Мєшков, Yuriy Oleksandrovych Meshkov, Russian: Юрий Александрович Мешков; 25 October 1945 – 29 September 2019) was a Ukrainian politician and leader of the pro-Russian movement in Crimea. He served as the only President of Crimea from 1994 to 1995.

However, eleven days after his return to Crimea in 2011, which was his first visit since 1995, Meshkov was deported from Ukraine on 13 July 2011, with a five-year restriction on his entry.
Relph
Relph is an English surname. It is a variant of the surname Relf, which stems from the old French given name Riulf. The name was derived from Germanic words ric (power) and wulf (wolf). Notable people with the surname include:

Edward Relph, Canadian geographer

Emma Relph, British actress

George Relph (1888–1960), English actor

Little Tich (born Harry Relph; 1867–1928), English music hall comedian

Jerry Relph (1944–2020), American politician

Joseph Relph (1712–1743), English poet

Michael Relph (1915–2004), English film producer and director

Nick Relph (born 1979), British artist-filmmaker

Pam Relph (born 1989), British Paralympic rower

Simon Relph (1940–2016), British film producer and director

Tyler Relph (born 1984), American basketball trainer and former player

William Relph (1900–1978), English football forward

Pam Relph
Pamela Lillian Relph MBE (born 14 November 1989) is a British adaptive rower who won gold medals at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Paralympics, thus becoming the first double gold medallist in Paralympic rowing.
Byala Municipality, Ruse Province
Byala Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Бяла) is a municipality (obshtina) in Ruse Province, Central-North Bulgaria, located in the Danubian Plain about 20 km southeast of Danube river. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Byala.

The municipality embraces a territory of 341 km2 (132 sq mi) with a population of 14,962 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The area is crossroads of some of the main directions in the country - road E85, road E83, I-51 and I-52, which connect the province centre of Ruse with the cities of Veliko Tarnovo, Pleven, Svishtov and respectively the country capital of Sofia and Shipka pass. Yantra river flows through the area from south to north.

Shipka Pass
Shipka Pass (Bulgarian: Шипченски проход, Shipchenski prohod) (el. 1150 m./3820 ft.) is a scenic mountain pass through the Balkan Mountains in Bulgaria. It marks the border between Stara Zagora province and Gabrovo province.  The pass connects the towns of Gabrovo and Kazanlak. The pass is part of the Bulgarka Nature Park.

The pass is 13 km by road north of the small town of Shipka.  It is crossed by a national road I-5, which runs between the Danube on the Ruse border crossing with Romania in north and the Makaza border crossing with Greece.

A road also leads from the pass to the summit of Buzludzha, 12 km to the east.