hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Carrizo Canyon
The Battle of Carrizo Canyon was one of seven battles between Nana's band of Apache warriors and United States Cavalry troops in New Mexico Territory.: 174–177  After the death of Victorio in 1880, Nana took over leadership of the band. Other Apaches joined this old warrior's group. On August 12, 1881, Capt. Charles Parker with 18 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers were following Nana's warriors when they were ambushed in Carrizo Canyon.

New Mexico Territory
The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of Nuevo México becoming part of the American frontier after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. It existed with varying boundaries until the territory was admitted to the Union as the U.S. state of New Mexico in 1912. This jurisdiction was an organized, incorporated territory of the US for nearly 62 years, the longest period of any territory in the contiguous United States.
Keith Bishop (cricketer)
Keith Charles Bishop (born 11 March 1949) is a former English cricketer.  Bishop was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk.

Bishop made his debut for Suffolk in a List A match debut against Buckinghamshire in the 1979 Gillette Cup.  In this match, he took the wicket of Keith Edwards for the cost of 27 runs from 12 overs, while with the bat he ended the Suffolk innings unbeaten on 0, with Suffolk winning the match by 2 wickets. He played a further List A match, which came in the 1980 Gillette Cup against Sussex. In this match, he scored 3 unbeaten runs, while he wasn't required to bat. He didn't feature in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk.

His son, Justin, played first-class cricket for Essex and Durham UCCE, as well as List A and Minor counties cricket for Suffolk.

1980 Gillette Cup
The 1980 Gillette Cup was an English limited overs county cricket tournament held between 2 July and 6 September 1980. It was the eighteenth and final Gillette Cup before it was renamed as the NatWest Trophy in 1981. Middlesex won the tournament, defeating Surrey by 7 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Nanping dialect
The Nanping dialect (simplified Chinese: 南平话; traditional Chinese: 南平話; pinyin: Nánpínghuà), or Nanping Mandarin (南平官话; 南平官話; Nánpíng Guānhuà), is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken in Yanping District, in Nanping, Fujian. Locally, it is known as Tuguanhua (土官话; 土官話; Tǔguānhuà; 'local official speech'). It is one of three Mandarin dialect islands in Fujian.

Language island
A language island (a calque of German Sprachinsel), also known as a language enclave or language pocket, is an enclave of a language that is surrounded by one or more different languages. The term was introduced in 1847. Many speakers of these languages also have their own distinct culture.

Language islands often form as a result of migration, colonization, imperialism, or trade without a common tongue. Language islands are common of indigenous peoples, especially in the Americas, where colonization has led them to isolate themselves greatly.

Language islands often overlap others. For example, in Brussels, a Belgian language island, most of the population is fluent in both Flemish and French, and is still considered a language island or enclave; yet, some consider Brussels' Flemish and Brussels' French to be of separate islands, despite them generally being the same people.
Sulzberger
Sulzberger (German: habitational name for someone from a place called Sulzberg) is a surname. People with the surname include:

Arthur Hays Sulzberger (1891–1968), publisher of The New York Times from 1935 to 1961

Arthur Ochs Sulzberger (1926–2012), publisher of The New York Times from 1963 to 1992

Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. (born 1951), publisher of The New York Times from 1992 to 2017

Arthur Gregg Sulzberger (born 1980), publisher of The New York Times since 2018

Mayer Sulzberger (1843-1923), American judge and Jewish communal leader

Cyrus Leopold Sulzberger (1858-1932), American merchant and philanthropist

Cyrus Leo Sulzberger II (1912–1993), American journalist, diarist, and non-fiction writer

Marcel Sulzberger (1876–1941), Swiss composer, pianist and music author

Myron Sulzberger (1878–1956), American lawyer, politician, and judge

Arthur Ochs Sulzberger
Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Sr. (February 5, 1926 – September 29, 2012) was an American publisher and a businessman. Born into a prominent media and publishing family, Sulzberger became publisher of The New York Times in 1963 and chairman of the board of The New York Times Company in 1973. Sulzberger relinquished to his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., the office of publisher in 1992, and the board chairmanship in 1997.
Makkala Bhagya
Makkala Bhagya (pronunciationⓘ transl. Luck of children) is a 1976 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by K. S. L. Swamy (Ravi) and produced by K. Vittal Kumar and K. V. Honnappa. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Bharathi Vishnuvardhan, K. S. Ashwath and Dwarakish in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar. It is a remake of the Tamil movie Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum, which itself was an adaptation of the 1953 British film Twice Upon a Time and the 1961 movie The Parent Trap – both based on the Erich Kästner's 1949 German novel Lottie and Lisa (Das doppelte Lottchen).

This was the first film to be released at Sampige theatre, Bangalore.

K. S. Ashwath
Karaganahalli Subbaraya Ashwathanarayana (25 March 1925 – 18 January 2010) was an Indian veteran actor who appeared in Kannada films. He appeared in over 370 films during his five-decade-long career. His memorial is in the Kengeri satellite town, Bengaluru. Memorial name - "K. S. Ashwath Memorial Children's Park".
James D. Ryan
James D. Ryan (1844 – 1925) was an Irish-born merchant and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Ferryland in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1900 to 1904.

He was born in Kedra, County Tipperary and educated at New Inn and Cahir. Ryan came to Newfoundland in 1866. He was employed as a clerk, working in Carbonear, Harbour Grace and St. John's. Ryan was named to the Legislative Council of Newfoundland in 1904, becoming president in 1920.

He served as president of the Benevolent Irish Society for over 25 years. He helped organize the restoration of St. Patrick's Hall after it was destroyed by fire. He also served on the board of directors for Saint Bonaventure's College. In 1919, Ryan received a papal knighthood.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Josef Johann Steinmann
Josef Johann Steinmann (8 March 1779, in Lanškroun – 9 July 1833, in Prague) was an Austrian pharmacist and chemist.

He worked as a pharmacist in Lanškroun and Prague, during which time, he conducted botanical investigations in the Giant Mountains and in Glatzer Land. Later on, he studied pharmacy in Berlin as a student of Sigismund Friedrich Hermbstädt, then in 1806–08 furthered his education at the University of Vienna, where his instructors included botanist Joseph Franz von Jacquin and naturalist Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers. From 1812 to 1817 he served as an assistant to chemist Karl August Neumann at the Prague Polytechnical Institute, where in 1817 he was appointed a professor of chemistry.

He provided chemical analyses of mineral springs at Marienbad, Bílina, Karlovy Vary, et al., and is credited with describing a new mineral species (cronstedtite, 1821). He also made significant contributions to the National Museum in Prague.

Sigismund Friedrich Hermbstädt
Sigismund Friedrich Hermbstädt (16 April 1760 – 22 October 1833) was a German pharmacist and chemist who wielded great influence on the improvement of science education for pharmacists. He also made numerous contributions in the fields of industrial and agricultural chemistry.
Clara de noche
Clara de noche ("Clara at night") is a series of comic strips created in 1992 by comic book writers Carlos Trillo, Eduardo Maicas, and the cartoonist Jordi Bernet. It was published weekly in the Spanish magazine El Jueves, starting from number 772. After 1243 consecutive weeks of circulation, the series ended in 2015 in Spain. It had stopped the year before in Argentina (September 2014), where it was simultaneously published in a young persons supplement called No in the newspaper Página/12. Over 1,000 episodes of the comic strip were also published in the Italian magazine Skorpio. French, German, Greek and Croatian translations were also made. The series has been compiled periodically into albums, and is considered one of the most important works of the three creators.

The central character is the prostitute Clara, and the cartoon reflects her amusing adventures and misadventures as a sex worker, along with the peculiar characters that get involved with her and her son Pablito.

Script (comics)
A script is a document describing the narrative and dialogue of a comic book in detail. It is the comic book equivalent of a television program teleplay or a film screenplay.

In comics, a script may be preceded by a plot outline, and is almost always followed by page sketches drawn by a comics artist and inked, succeeded by the coloring and lettering stages. There are no prescribed forms of comic scripts, but there are two dominant styles in the mainstream comics industry, the full script (commonly known as "DC style") and the plot script (or "Marvel house style").

The creator of a script is known as a comics writer.
Păstrăveni
Păstrăveni is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Lunca Moldovei, Păstrăveni, Rădeni, and Spiești.

The commune is situated on the Moldavian Plateau, at an altitude of 274 m (899 ft), on the banks of the river Topolița. It is located in the northeastern part of Neamț County, 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Târgu Neamț and 45 km (28 mi) northeast of the county seat, Piatra Neamț, on the border with Iași County, and neighbors the following communes: Urecheni to the north,  Țibucani to the south, Miroslovești to the east, and Petricani to the west.

Moldavian Plateau
The Moldavian Plateau (Romanian: Podișul Moldovei) is a geographic area of the historical region of Moldavia, spanning nowadays the east and northeast of Romania, most of Moldova (except the south), and most of the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine (where it is known as the Pokuttian-Bessarabian Upland).
The Noonday Demon
The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression is a memoir written by Andrew Solomon and first published under the Scribner imprint of New York's Simon & Schuster publishing house in 2001. There was a later paperback under the Touchstone imprint. The Noonday Demon examines the personal, cultural, and scientific aspects of depression through Solomon's published interviews with depression sufferers, doctors, research scientists, politicians, and pharmaceutical researchers.
It is an outgrowth of Solomon's 1998 New Yorker article on depression.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.
Castilian–Leonese War (1196–1197)
The Castilian–Leonese War of 1196–1197 was a conflict between the kingdoms of Leon, Navarre and the Almohad Caliphate against the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon.

In the middle of the conflict, Alfonso IX of León was accused by pope Celestine III of allying himself with a Muslim to fight against a Christian kingdom and was excommunicated, causing Portugal to join the war against León. In the end, the Almohads signed a truce with Alfonso VIII of Castile and Alfonso IX, seeing that he was abandoned by his ally and his kingdom now was being invaded, had to ask for peace. Alfonso IX married Alfonso VIII's daughter, Berengaria of Castile, which eventually led to a peace between both kingdoms.

Huete, Spain
Huete is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 2,097.

During the Spanish Civil War, the municipality was the location of a small hospital where Annie Murray served as one of the nurses.

Historically, Huete was home to a prosperous Jewish community until the expulsion of the Jews. From a case filed after the expulsion by a local Jewish converso, it is known that Huete had a synagogue, reportedly built by him at his own expense.
Ontonagon Boulder
The Ontonagon Boulder (/ˌɒntəˈnɑːɡən ˈboʊldəɹ/, Chippewa: Misko-biiwaabik) is a 3,708-pound (1,682 kg) boulder of native copper originally found in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States, and now in the possession of the Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. In 1843 the boulder was purchased from a local entrepreneur and shipped to Washington D.C.

The boulder is a relic of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and was well known to Native Americans in its location on the west branch of the Ontonagon River, in what is now Victoria Reservoir. According to the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, the boulder was used by the tribe to make offerings to the Gitche Manitou.

Although many attribute the boulder to a relic of Michigan's copper boom, it was not a product of the boom but the reason for it. The copper boom was only fully realized after the boulder had been moved to Washington D.C.

Gitche Manitou
Gitche Manitou (Gitchi Manitou, Kitchi Manitou, etc.) means "Great Spirit" in several Algonquian languages. Christian missionaries have translated God as Gitche Manitou in scriptures and prayers in the Algonquian languages.

Manitou is a common Algonquian term for spirit, mystery, or deity. Native American Churches in Mexico, United States and Canada often use this term.
IHR
IHR may stand for:

Indian Himalayan Region, the Indian part of Himalaya

Institute for Historical Review, an American Holocaust denial organization

Institute of Historical Research, an educational institution forming part of the University of London

International Health Regulations, a set of legally binding regulations to limit the spread of disease

Institute of Historical Research
The Institute of Historical Research (IHR) is a British educational organisation providing resources and training for historical researchers. It is part of the School of Advanced Study in the University of London and is located at Senate House. The institute was founded in 1921 by A. F. Pollard.
Jesionna
Jesionna [jɛˈɕɔnna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzierady, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Wodzierady, 12 km (7 mi) north of Łask, and 23 km (14 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łask County
Łask County (Polish: powiat łaski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łask, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 617.38 square kilometres (238.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,874, out of which the population of Łask is 18,684 and the rural population is 32,190.
Vipperød
Vipperød is a railway town located 4 km south of Holbæk on the northwestern part of the island of Zealand in Holbæk Municipality, Region Zealand in Denmark. It has a population of 2,673 (1 January 2025).

Vipperød is located at the Danish national road 21 and is served by Vipperød railway station located on the railway line between Roskilde and Holbæk.

Region Zealand
Region Zealand (Danish: Region Sjælland) is an administrative region of Denmark. It is one of the five classified NUTS-2 statistical regions of Denmark. It was established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which abolished the traditional counties ("amter"). The region incorporates the southernmost parts of the country, and encompasses an area of 7,223 km2 (2,789 sq mi).

Zealand will merge with the Capital Region of Denmark on 1 January 2027 to create the Region of Eastern Denmark.

The region shares the island of Sjælland (Zealand) with the neighbouring Capital Region of Copenhagen. The region also includes the islands of Lolland, Falster, and Møn. It incorporates the provinces of Østsjælland and Vest-og Sydsjælland, which consists of 17 municipalities. With a population of just over 0.85 million, it is the second least populated of the all the regions in Denmark. The largest city is Roskilde.
Pacheco Pass Tunnels
The Pacheco Pass Tunnels are a planned set of tunnels to carry California High-Speed Rail across the Diablo Range in the vicinity of Pacheco Pass east of Gilroy, California. The tunnels will constitute the first mountain crossing constructed as part of California High-Speed Rail, connecting the San Francisco Bay Area and Central Valley portions of the system.

The tunnels are planned to consist of two 28-foot (8.5 m) diameter tunnels. At 13 miles (21 km) long the main tunnel is expected to become North America’s longest rail tunnel, surpassing the Mount Macdonald Tunnel in British Columbia. An additional 1.5-mile (2.4 km) rail tunnel is planned to be constructed to the west. The tunnels are expected to cost around $5 billion.

The right-of-way runs parallel to the existing Pacheco Tunnel and Santa Clara Tunnel, two contiguous water tunnels connecting the San Luis Reservoir into Santa Clara County.

Water tunnel (physical infrastructure)
Water tunnels are tunnels (below-ground channels) used to transport water to areas with large populations or agriculture. They are frequently part of aqueducts. Some aqueducts, such as the Delaware Aqueduct are single long tunnels. In other cases, such as the San Jacinto Tunnel on the Colorado River Aqueduct, water tunnels form parts of far longer aqueducts.  In cases where the outflow of a water tunnel is into an existing stream or river flowing to the point of water use, the term aqueduct is less likely to be used, as with the Harold D. Roberts Tunnel from Dillon Reservoir to the North Fork South Platte River.
Lake Youngs
Lake Youngs is a  reservoir in King County, Washington, United States. It is located between Maple Valley and Renton along the route of pipelines carrying water from the Cedar River to Seattle (the most recent of these is the Bow Lake pipeline, which was built in 1954) and is accessible only to Seattle Public Utilities staff and authorized visitors.

Originally the site of 548 acres (222 ha) Swan Lake, construction of the Lake Youngs reservoir began in earnest in the early 1920s and was completed by 1926.  Lake Youngs has a surface area of 700 acres (2.8 km2) and a maximum depth of 72 feet (22 m).  It was named for longtime Seattle Water Department head L. B. Youngs, who died in 1923. Lake Youngs is used as a visual checkpoint for pilots flying into and out of Renton Municipal Airport.

Lake Youngs is drained by Little Soos Creek.

Maple Valley, Washington
Maple Valley is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 28,013 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 28,553 in 2024. The city functions as a commuter town to Seattle for residents, though there is an increasing amount of commercial activity in the area.
José Rodríguez (footballer, born 1994)
José Rodríguez Martínez (born 16 December 1994) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Kategoria Superiore club Flamurtari.

He began his career at Real Madrid, where he played mostly in the reserves, and was loaned to Deportivo before being sold to Galatasaray. He subsequently represented Mainz 05 (where he had loan spells with Málaga, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Fortuna Sittard), and Málaga (also being loaned to Fuenlabrada). He joined Maccabi Haifa in 2020.

Rodríguez represented Spain up to under-21 level.

Flamurtari FC
Flamurtari Football Club is an Albanian professional football club based in Vlorë, Albania. The club plays in the Kategoria Superiore, which is the first tier of football in the country.

Founded in 1923, the club is one of the oldest in Albania, also being one of its most successful clubs, having won one Albanian Superliga title in 1991, four Albanian Cups, and two Albanian Supercups. Flamurtari is also known for their European runs in the 1980s, where they famously reached the last sixteen in the 1987–88 UEFA Cup, where they beat Spanish giants Barcelona in Vlorë but lost on aggregate.
Jonah Street
Jonah Street is a retired American off-road rally racing motorcycle rider from Ellensburg, Washington. He has competed in numerous rally events worldwide including the Dakar Rally, Baja 1000, Baja 500 and Rally Mongolia. Street has raced on six continents.

Typically known for riding Honda motorcycles in the Baja 500 during his early wins and KTM motorcycles during his prior entries in the Dakar Rally, it was announced that Street will be teaming with GYTR (Genuine Yamaha Technology Racing) and would be riding a rally-prepared Yamaha WR450F in the 2011 Dakar Rally. In 2016, he served as a navigator in the Dakar Rally for driver Sheldon Creed.

KTM
KTM AG (German pronunciation: [kˌɑːtˌeːˈɛm]) is an Austrian motorcycle, bicycle and motorsports brand. It traces its foundation to 1934 as Kronreif & Trunkenpolz Mattighofen. Today, Bajaj Mobility AG (formerly Pierer Mobility AG) operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded motorcycles, and KTM Fahrrad GmbH operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded bicycles.

KTM is known for its off-road motorcycles and as a reputed MotoGP constructor.

In November 2025, it was announced that Bajaj Auto had completed the acquisition of a controlling stake in KTM for €800 million, increasing its indirect holding to approximately 75%.
Tweedy (surname)
Tweedy is a Scottish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Tweedy (born 1880), American politician

Alice B. Tweedy (1850–1934), American journalist and writer

Cheryl Tweedy (born 1983), English singer, dancer, and television personality

Damon Tweedy, American physician and academic

Frank Tweedy (1854–1937), American botanist

George Tweedy (1913–1987), English footballer

Hilda Tweedy (1911–2005), Irish women's rights activist

Jeff Tweedy (born 1967), American songwriter, musician, and record producer

John Tweedy (1849–1924), British surgeon

John Hubbard Tweedy (1814–1891), American politician

Samuel Tweedy (1776–1868), American politician

John Hubbard Tweedy
John Hubbard Tweedy (November 9, 1814 – November 12, 1891) was a delegate to the United States Congress from Wisconsin Territory from March 1847 to May 1848 being elected from the Whig Party. He was also the Whig Party nominee in first Wisconsin gubernatorial election, where he lost to Nelson Dewey.