hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saraiva (surname)
Saraiva is a Portuguese surname, which has also been Hispanicized as Saravia. Notable people with the surname Saraiva include:

António Saraiva (1934–2018), simply known by mononym Saraiva, Portuguese footballer

Bernardo Saraiva (born 1993), Portuguese tennis player

Ivan Saraiva de Souza (born 1982), Brazilian left back

João Victor Saraiva (born 1977), Portuguese beach soccer player

José Antônio Saraiva (1823–1895), Brazilian politician, diplomat and lawyer

José Hermano Saraiva (1919–2012), Portuguese historian and diplomat

José Saraiva Martins (born 1932), Portuguese cleric and cardinal

Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, GCL (1936–2021), Portuguese military officer

Ramiro Saraiva Guerreiro (1918–2011), Brazilian politician

José Antônio Saraiva
José Antônio Saraiva (1 May 1823 – 21 July 1895), also known as Counsellor Saraiva, was a Brazilian politician, diplomat and lawyer during the period of the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889). He held the position of President of the Council of Ministers (post of prime minister) firstly from 28 March 1880 to 21 January 1882 and second 6 May May 1885 to 20 August 1885. He was appointed by Emperor Pedro II to form a cabinet in the early hours of 16 November 1889, but did not assume the position because of the Republican coup d'état. He was provincial deputy, provincial president, minister of foreign affairs, minister of war, minister of the navy, minister of the empire, minister of finance, senator of the Empire of Brazil from 1869 to 1889 and the republic from 1890 to 1893.
Teresa Aguilar Suro
Teresa Aguilar Suro (1931–2017) was a Mexican watercolorist, painter, and gallery director.

Aguilar-Suro was born in 1931 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. She studied art at Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City for three years during the 1950s. She was formally the director of Galería del Claustro de Sor Juana. She was an active member of the Mexican Society of Watercolor Artists (Sociedad Mexicana de Acuarelistas). Her artwork is included in the permanent collection at Banco Nacional de Mexico.

Academy of San Carlos
The Academy of San Carlos (Spanish: Academia de San Carlos), formerly also known as the National School of Fine Arts (Spanish: Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes), is an art academy in Mexico City that historically played an important role in the development of Mexican art and architecture. Founded in 1781 as the School of Engraving, it was the first major art school and the first art museum in the Americas.

The school was moved to the Academia Street location about 10 years after its founding and is located at 22 Academia Street, just northeast of the Zócalo of Mexico City. It emphasized the European classical tradition in training until the early 20th century, when it shifted to a more modern perspective.

The Academy of San Carlos was integrated with the National Autonomous University of Mexico, eventually becoming the Faculty of Arts and Design, which is based in Xochimilco. Currently, only graduate courses of the modern school are given in the original academy building.
De Arte Combinatoria
The Dissertatio De Arte Combinatoria ('Dissertation on the Art of Combinations' or 'Dissertation on the Combinatorial Art') is an early work by Gottfried Leibniz published in 1666 in Leipzig. It is an extended version of his first doctoral dissertation, written before the author had seriously undertaken the study of mathematics. The booklet was reissued without Leibniz' consent in 1690, which prompted him to publish a brief explanatory notice in the Acta Eruditorum. During the following years he repeatedly expressed regrets about its being circulated as he considered it immature. Nevertheless it was a very original work and it provided the author the first glimpse of fame among the scholars of his time.

The book was created as part of Leibniz's efforts to create the Characteristica Universalis, the perfect language which would provide a direct representation of ideas along with a calculus for the philosophical reasoning.

Calculus ratiocinator
The  calculus ratiocinator is a theoretical universal logical calculation framework, a concept described in the writings of Gottfried Leibniz, usually paired with his more frequently mentioned characteristica universalis, a universal conceptual language.
Four on the Floor (Spiderbait song)
"Four on the Floor" is a song by Australian alternative rock band, Spiderbait and was released in August 2001 as the lead single from the band's fifth studio album The Flight of Wally Funk. "Four on the Floor" peaked at number 91 on the Australian chart and ranked at number 89 on Triple J's Hottest 100 in 2001.

Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2001
The 2001 Triple J Hottest 100, announced in January 2002, was the ninth such countdown of the most popular songs of the year, according to listeners of the Australian radio station Triple J. As in previous years, a CD was released, this time featuring 34 songs (although not the top 34 songs as they were ranked).

When the announcers for the final stretch of the countdown—Adam Spencer and Wil Anderson—got to the number-one track, they first played their own parody track "Matt Hayden", named after the Australian cricketer and set to the tune of "Ms. Jackson" by OutKast. "Ms. Jackson" actually reached the Hottest 100 the next year in 2002 when a cover by The Vines took it to number 30.
Roofless Records
Roofless Records is an independent record label, producer and publisher based in Miami, FL. Roofless Records focuses predominantly on experimental music by Florida artists. All music is released as limited-edition vinyl records or cassette tapes. In an interview with the Miami New Times, Roofless Records co-founder Matt Preira says, "We deal in the business of objects and moments." Roofless Records is a finalist in the 2011 Knight Arts Challenge Miami grant competition, funded by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation to support emerging artists and arts organizations.

Knight Foundation
The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, also known as the Knight Foundation, is an American philanthropic organization that provides grants for the arts, journalism, research, and community development, with a focus on impact.

The organization was founded as the Charles L. Knight Memorial Education Fund in 1940. The fund was incorporated as the Knight Foundation in December 1950 in Ohio, and reincorporated as the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation in Florida in 1993.

The Foundation’s mission is to support a more effective democracy by funding projects that promote free expression, arts and culture, research in media and democracy, and the success of its 26 Knight communities, where the Knight brothers published newspapers.
Proofs That Really Count
Proofs That Really Count: the Art of Combinatorial Proof is an undergraduate-level mathematics book on combinatorial proofs of mathematical identies. That is, it concerns equations between two integer-valued formulas, shown to be equal either by showing that both sides of the equation count the same type of mathematical objects, or by finding a one-to-one correspondence between the different types of object that they count. It was written by Arthur T. Benjamin and Jennifer Quinn, and published in 2003 by the Mathematical Association of America as volume 27 of their Dolciani Mathematical Expositions series. It won the Beckenbach Book Prize of the Mathematical Association of America.

Arthur T. Benjamin
Arthur T. Benjamin (born March 19, 1961) is an American mathematician who specializes in combinatorics. Since 1989, he has been a professor of mathematics at Harvey Mudd College, where he is the Smallwood Family Professor of Mathematics.

He is known for mental math capabilities and "Mathemagics" performances in front of live audiences. His mathematical abilities have been highlighted in newspaper and magazine articles, at TED Talks and on the Colbert Report.
Thanet Canal
53°57′40″N 2°00′58″W﻿ / ﻿53.961°N 2.016°W﻿ / 53.961; -2.016

The Thanet Canal, also known as the Springs Branch, is a short branch of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, in North Yorkshire, England. It leaves the main canal in Skipton, and runs to some loading wharfs near Skipton Castle, which were used to load limestone from local quarries into boats for onward shipment. It was opened in 1773, and extended in 1794.

Skipton Castle
Skipton Castle is a well-preserved Grade I Listed medieval castle in Skipton, North Yorkshire, England. It was built in 1090 by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron and is now a tourist attraction and private residence. It is located at the north end of Skipton's High Street.
Christopher Taylor (sprinter)
Christopher Taylor (born 1 October 1999) is a Jamaican 400 metre runner. He won the 400 metres event at the 2015 World Youth Championships in Athletics in Cali, Colombia in 45.27 seconds, a Jamaica Youth Record. Taylor also won the U-18 400 metres at the 2015 CARIFTA Games in a championship record time of 46.64. On 19 March 2016, Christopher Taylor delivered an extraordinary performance at the ISSA High School Championships in Jamaica, breaking national records and making a massive contribution in bringing his school, Calabar High School, to their 7th consecutive victory. He also won the 2018 Jamaica Senior National Championships with a personal best and NJR of 44.88.

He won the 400 m hurdles silver medal and the gold in 4x100 m and 4x400 m mixed relays in the 2021 NACAC U23 Championships.

2021 NACAC U18 U20 and U23 Championships in Athletics
The 2021 NACAC U23 Championships in Athletics was the 11th edition of the biennial NACAC U23 athletics championships. They were held in San José, Costa Rica from 9 July to 11 July. For the first time an U20 competition was held next to the U23 and U18 categories.
Phenylacetone monooxygenase
In enzymology, a phenylacetone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.92) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

phenylacetone + NADPH + H+ + O2  benzyl acetate + NADP+ + H2O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are phenylacetone, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are benzyl acetate, NADP+, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is phenylacetone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called PAMO.

Phenylacetone
Phenylacetone, also known as phenyl-2-propanone,  is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2COCH3. It is a colorless oil that is soluble in organic solvents. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of an acetone attached to a phenyl group. As such, its systematic IUPAC name is 1-phenyl-2-propanone.

This substance is used in the manufacture of methamphetamine and amphetamine, where it is commonly known as P2P. Due to illicit drug labs using phenylacetone to make amphetamines, phenylacetone was declared a schedule II controlled substance in the United States in 1980. In humans, phenylacetone occurs as a metabolite of amphetamine and methamphetamine via FMO3-mediated oxidative deamination.
George Pugh (rugby union)
Lt. George Harold Pugh (16 January 1890 – 5 September 1916) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.

Pugh, a lock, was born in Glebe, New South Wales and claimed 1 international rugby cap for Australia.

Pugh enlisted in the British army in 1912 and trained for six weeks in Liverpool, and joined the Liverpool Regiment as a second lieutenant. He joined the Australian Expeditionary Force in 1915. He was killed in action in the First World War while serving with the 4th Battalion of the Australian Infantry. He is buried at the Railway Dugouts Burial Ground in Ypres.

Glebe, New South Wales
Glebe is an inner-western suburb of Sydney in New South Wales. Glebe is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the Sydney central business district in the Inner West region.

Glebe is surrounded by Blackwattle Bay and Rozelle Bay, inlets of Sydney Harbour, in the north. The suburb of Ultimo lies to the east and the suburbs of Annandale and Forest Lodge lie to the west. The southern boundary is formed by Parramatta Road and Broadway. Broadway is a locality sited along the road of the same name, which is located on the border of Glebe, Chippendale and Ultimo.
India Untouched: Stories of a People Apart
India Untouched: Stories of a People Apart is a 2007 documentary by Indian filmmaker Stalin K. The film reveals the discrimination and atrocities against Dalits and practice of Untouchability rooted in different parts of India. Stalin's interview and clips of the film were featured in Episode 10: Dignity for All of Satyamev Jayate TV series on the issue of Untouchability.

Satyamev Jayate season 1
The first season of Satyamev Jayate was premiered from 6 May 2012 on various channels within Star Network along with Doordarshan's DD National. It marked the television debut of Indian Bollywood actor and filmmaker Aamir Khan. While Hindi is the primary language of the show, it is also dubbed and simulcast in several other Indian languages such as Bengali, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil and Telugu.
WVVB (AM)
35°52′49.00″N 84°30′56.00″W﻿ / ﻿35.8802778°N 84.5155556°W﻿ / 35.8802778; -84.5155556

WVVB (1410 kHz) is a daytime only AM radio stations originally broadcasting a gospel format. Licensed to Kingston, Tennessee, United States, the station is currently owned by John and Brannigan Tollett, through licensee 3B Tennessee, Inc. On September 1, 2018, the then-WBBX was renamed 94.1 The Vibe. The station changed its call sign to WVVB on March 6, 2019.

Kingston, Tennessee
Kingston is a city in and the county seat of Roane County, Tennessee, United States. This city is thirty-six miles southwest of Knoxville. As of the 2020 census, Kingston had a population of 5,953. It is included in the Harriman, Tennessee Micropolitan Statistical Area. Kingston is adjacent to Watts Bar Lake.
Dallas K. Beal
Dallas K. Beal was an American educator and academic administrator best known for his leadership within the State University of New York (SUNY) system and the Connecticut State University System (CSUS).

State University of New York at Fredonia
The State University of New York at Fredonia (alternatively SUNY Fredonia, Fredonia State, or Fredonia) is a public university in Fredonia, New York, United States. It is the westernmost member of the State University of New York. Founded in 1826, it is the seventh-oldest college in New York, and second-oldest public school in New York (SUNY and CUNY) after SUNY Potsdam (1816).

Fredonia was one of the state teachers' colleges traditionally specializing in music education, but now offers programs in other areas, including a graduate division. Areas of study include science, communication, music, education, and the social sciences. There are over 80 majors and over 50 minors.
Pelago
Pelago is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Florence. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,396 and an area of 54.8 square kilometres (21.2 sq mi).

The municipality of Pelago contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Borselli, Carbonile, Consuma, Diacceto, Fontisterni, Magnale, Palaie, Paterno, Raggioli, San Francesco, and Stentatoio.

Lorenzo Ghiberti was born in Pelago in 1378.

Pelago borders the following municipalities: Montemignaio, Pontassieve, Pratovecchio, Reggello, Rignano sull'Arno, Rufina.

Metropolitan City of Florence
The Metropolitan City of Florence (Italian: città metropolitana di Firenze) is an administrative division called metropolitan city in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Florence. It replaced the province of Florence. It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since 1 January 2015.
Jošavka (river)
Jošavka is the right and one of the largest tributaries of the Vrbanja, which it joins in Čelinac. It arises from two streams: Ćetina and Babića potok rising on the northeast slopes of the hill Tromeđa (404 m) in the foothills of the mountain massif of Uzlomac (1,002 m). The right tributaris of Jošavka river are: Stanikova rijeka, Mlinska rijeka (Mill River), Jelovaca, Mliješnica and Gozna and the left ones are: Jevđevića potok (Jevđevići's stream), the second comprises Prlišnica and  Crna rijeka (Black river), and follow Baserovača, Repušnica, and Balatin.

Due to the unregulated riverbed and increased influence of anthropogenic factors, in the first decades of the 21st century is increasingly pours and makes enormous material damage, and applies to people's lives.

From Čelinca, upstream, mostly valleys Jošavka passing traffic corridor in which the railroad Banja Luka - Doboj - Sarajevo - Ploče and local roads (over the populated place Ukrina, downriver Ukrina) in Doboj.

Banja Luka
Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бања Лука, pronounced [bǎɲa lǔːka] ⓘ) or Banjaluka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалука, pronounced [baɲalǔːka]) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most populous in Republika Srpska. It is Republika Srpska‘s main economic, political, and administrative center. Banja Luka is the traditional centre of the densely forested Bosanska Krajina region of northwestern Bosnia & Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the city proper has a population of 138,963, while its administrative area comprises a total of 185,042 inhabitants.

The city is home to the University of Banja Luka and the University Clinical Center of the Republika Srpska, as well as numerous entities and state institutions for the Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. The city is located on the Vrbas river. Banja Luka was designated a European city of Sport in 2018.
Borgarfjörður eystri
Borgarfjörður eystri (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpɔrkarˌfjœrðʏr ˈeistrɪ] ⓘ) is a fjord in east Iceland.

It is part of the municipality of Múlaþing and, as of 2024, the area has a population of 91 inhabitants. The main settlement is Bakkagerði.

The town derives its name from the Álfaborg (Elf Rock). Some of the locals believe that the queen of the elves lives in the Álfaborg.  The main attraction for visitors is hiking. Borgarfjörður eystri is also home to a large puffin colony.  Since 2004, a music festival has been put on in the summer, and attracted over 2,000 visitors in the summer of 2009.

A church in Borgarfjörður eystri has a painting by Jóhannes Sveinsson Kjarval that depicts Jesus on the cross on an elf hill.  The local bishop has refused to bless the painting because of this. Kjarvalsstofa is a museum in Bakkagerði dedicated to the painter who grew up in the area.

The film Heartstone was shot in Borgarfjörður eystri.

Puffin
Puffins are any of three species of small alcids (auks) in the bird genus Fratercula. These are pelagic seabirds that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crevices among rocks or in burrows in the soil. Two species, the tufted puffin and horned puffin, are found in the North Pacific Ocean, while the Atlantic puffin is found in the North Atlantic Ocean.

All puffin species have predominantly black or black and white plumage, a stocky build, and large beaks that get brightly colored during the breeding season. They shed the colorful outer parts of their bills after the breeding season, leaving a smaller and duller beak. Their short wings are adapted for swimming with a flying technique underwater. In the air, they beat their wings rapidly (up to 400 times per minute) in swift flight, often flying low over the ocean's surface.
External sorting
External sorting is a class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data. External sorting is required when the data being sorted do not fit into the main memory of a computing device (usually RAM) and instead they must reside in the slower external memory, usually a disk drive. Thus, external sorting algorithms are external memory algorithms and thus applicable in the external memory model of computation.

External sorting algorithms generally fall into two types, distribution sorting, which resembles quicksort, and external merge sort, which resembles merge sort. External merge sort typically uses a hybrid sort-merge strategy.  In the sorting phase, chunks of data small enough to fit in main memory are read, sorted, and written out to a temporary file.  In the merge phase, the sorted subfiles are combined into a single larger file.

Disk storage
Disk storage (also sometimes called drive storage) is a data storage mechanism based on a rotating disk. The recording employs various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to the disk's surface layer. A disk drive is a device implementing such a storage mechanism. Notable types are hard disk drives (HDD), containing one or more non-removable rigid platters; the  floppy disk drive (FDD) and its removable floppy disk; and various optical disc drives (ODD) and associated optical disc media.

(The spelling disk and disc are used interchangeably except where trademarks preclude one usage, e.g., the Compact Disc logo. The choice of a particular form is frequently historical, as in IBM's usage of the disk form beginning in 1956 with the "IBM 350 disk storage unit".)
Yan Yu (statistician)
Yan Yu is a Chinese and American statistician and marketing scientist whose research interests include nonlinear regression analysis, statistical finance, data privacy, and the prediction of bankruptcy. She is the Joseph S. Stern Professor of Business Analytics in the Carl H. Lindner College of Business of the University of Cincinnati.

After a 1993 bachelor's degree from the University of Science and Technology of China and a 1995 master's degree in applied mathematics from Texas A&M University, Yu completed her Ph.D. in statistics at Cornell University in 2000. Her doctoral dissertation,  Penalized Spline Estimation for Partially Linear Single Index Models, was supervised by David Ruppert.

Yu was named as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2018.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Big Round Top
Big Round Top is a boulder-strewn hill notable as the topographic high point: 3  of the Gettysburg Battlefield and for 1863 American Civil War engagements for which Medals of Honor were awarded. In addition to battle monuments, a historic reconstruction era structure on the uninhabited hill is the Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin.

Engagement (military)
A military engagement is combat between two forces, neither larger than a division nor smaller than a company, in which each has an assigned or perceived mission. An engagement begins when the attacking force initiates combat in pursuit of its mission, and ends when the attacker has accomplished the mission, or ceases to try to accomplish the mission, or when one or both sides receive sufficient reinforcements, thus initiating a new engagement.

As a tactical mission, the engagement is often a part of a battle. An engagement normally lasts one to two days; it may be as brief as a few hours and is rarely longer than five days. It is at this scale of combat that tactical engagement ranges of weapons and support systems become important to the troops and their commanders.