hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Henry Porter (surgeon)
William Henry Porter (5 March 1790 – 27 April 1861) was President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) in 1838. He was noted for his writing on the larynx and the trachea.

Porter graduated in arts from Trinity College Dublin in 1810. In January 1809, he was indentured to Sir Philip Crampton  and his studies continued in the RCSI medical school and the Meath Hospital. On 13 September 1814, he obtained the Letters Testimonial of the college, and on 10 November 1817, was elected a Member. In 1826 he became connected, as a teacher of anatomy and surgery, with the Park-street School of Medicine, and in 1837 he was elected Professor of Surgery to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.  He was Surgeon at the Meath Hospital and Consulting Surgeon at the City of Dublin Hospital.

His son, Sir George Hornidge Porter, was also a surgeon.

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) is a not-for-profit medical professional and educational institution, which is also known as RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences. It was established in 1784 as the national body for the surgical branch of medicine in Ireland, with a role in supervision of training, and as of 2021 provides a broad range of medical education in multiple countries.

RCSI's main campus is situated on St. Stephen's Green and York Street in central Dublin and incorporates schools of medicine, pharmacy and biomolecular sciences, physiotherapy, population health, dentistry and nursing and midwifery.  It offers undergraduate and postgraduate education in a number of healthcare fields.

RCSI was ranked first in the world for SDG3 Good Health and Well-being in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings 2025.
Clode
Clode is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Brent Clode (born 1963), New Zealand sprint canoer

Danielle Clode, Australian author

Harry Clode (1877–1964), English cricket player

Mark Clode (born 1973), English football player

Millie Clode (born 1982), English television presenter

Danielle Clode
Danielle Clode (born 1968) is an Australian author of literary nonfiction, history and children's books. She is an associate professor of creative writing at Flinders University.

Clode was born in Adelaide in 1968 and spent her early years in Port Lincoln, South Australia. She later lived on a boat with her parents travelling around Australia and completing her schooling by correspondence.

Clode received her B.A. at the University of Adelaide in 1989 and her D.Phil. in zoology at the University of Oxford in 1993.
Supermodel Centroamérica
Supermodel Centroamérica (English: Supermodel Central America) was a reality documentary that features contestants from the participating countries Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama that are living in a villa in Heredia, Costa Rica and do a variety of model-business-based competitions to determine who will win title Super Model Centroamérica.

The show was hosted by Costa Rican model Leonora Jiménez. Season one premiered in August 2007, and was won by Lisseth Cáceres from Panama. She receives the opportunity to participate in an advertising campaign.

In its second year, the show became a beauty-pageant style search, where each country had its own model search where all of the national winners got a ticket for the Supermodel of the World contest.

Heredia, Costa Rica
Heredia (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈɾeðja]) is a district in the Heredia canton of Heredia province, Costa Rica. As the seat of the municipality of Heredia canton, it is awarded the status of city, and by virtue of being the city of the first canton, it is the Province Capital of Heredia province as well. It is 10 kilometers to the north of the country's capital, San José.

The city is home to one of the largest colleges in Costa Rica, the National University of Costa Rica, which accepts many international students.
Reza Talaei-Nik
Reza Talaei-Nik (Persian: رضا طلایی‌نیک) is an Iranian military officer and conservative politician.

He currently serves as a deputy for defence minister, having previously held office as a member of the Parliament, and a member of its national security and foreign policy commission.

He was formerly secretary-general of the Development and Justice Party, a party closely associated with Mohsen Rezaee.

Iranian principlists
The Principlists (Persian: اصول‌گرایان, romanized: Osul-Garāyān, lit. 'followers of principles or fundamentalists'), also interchangeably known as the Iranian Conservatives and formerly referred to as the Right or Right-wing, are one of two main political camps in post-revolutionary Iran; the Reformists are the other camp. The term hardliners that some Western sources use in the Iranian political context usually refers to the faction. The faction rejects the status quo internationally, but favors domestic preservation.
Ohio's 32nd senatorial district
Ohio's 32nd senatorial district has historically been based in the Mahoning Valley.  Currently it consists of the counties of Ashtabula and Trumbull as well as portions of Geauga county. It encompasses Ohio House districts 63, 64 and 99. It has a Cook PVI of R+10.  Its current Ohio Senator is Republican Sandra O'Brien.

Mahoning Valley
The Youngstown–Warren, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, typically known as the Mahoning Valley, is a metropolitan area in Northeast Ohio with Youngstown, Ohio, at its center. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes Mahoning and Trumbull counties. As of the 2020 census, the region had a population of 430,591, making it the 125th-largest metro area in the country.

Taking its name from the Mahoning River, the area has a large commuter population that works in Cleveland and Pittsburgh and their metropolitan areas. It is located in the Rust Belt, the former industrial region of the northern United States. The Youngstown–Warren–Salem combined statistical area adds the Salem micropolitan area and Columbiana County, Ohio to the region, increasing the total population to 532,468. The Youngstown–Warren media market serves all three counties in the CSA, as well as the Pennsylvania counties of Mercer and Lawrence.
Anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid kinase
Anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid kinase (EC 2.7.1.170, anhMurNAc kinase, AnmK) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP:1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramate 6-phosphotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

ATP + 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramate + H2O  ADP + N-acetylmuramate 6-phosphate

This enzyme is required for the use of anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid in Pseudomonadota.

N-Acetylmuramic acid
N-Acetylmuramic acid (NAM or MurNAc) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C11H19NO8. It is a monomer of peptidoglycan in most bacterial cell walls, which is built from alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid, cross-linked by oligopeptides at the lactic acid residue of MurNAc.
Blake (film)
Blake is a 1969 Canadian short documentary film produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). The film was directed by Bill Mason, and his fellow filmmaker Blake James, who pilots his own aircraft and lives by a unique code. Blake is Mason's cinematic testimonial to his friend and his "hobo of the skies" lifestyle.

Yorkton
Yorkton is a city located in south-eastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is about 300 kilometres (190 mi) south-east of Saskatoon and 450 kilometres (280 mi) north-west of Winnipeg, Manitoba and is the sixth-largest city in the province. Yorkton was founded in 1882 and incorporated as a city in 1928. The city is bordered by the rural municipalities of Orkney to the north, west, and south, and Wallace on the east.
Arrondissement of Antwerp
The Arrondissement of Antwerp (Dutch: Arrondissement Antwerpen; French: Arrondissement d'Anvers) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in Antwerp Province, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement. The territory of the Judicial Arrondissement of Antwerp coincides with that of the Administrative Arrondissement of Antwerp.

Antwerp Province
The Antwerp Province (/ˈæntwɜːrp/; Dutch: Provincie Antwerpen [proːˈvɪnsi ˈɑntʋɛrpə(n)]; French: Province d'Anvers; German: Provinz Antwerpen), between 1815 and 1830 known as Central Brabant (Dutch: Midden-Brabant [ˌmɪdə(m)ˈbraːbɑnt], French: Brabant-Central, German: Mittel-Brabant), is the northernmost province both of the Flemish Region, also called Flanders, and of Belgium. It borders on the North Brabant province of the Netherlands to the north and the Belgian provinces of Limburg, Flemish Brabant and East Flanders. Its capital is Antwerp, which includes the Port of Antwerp, the second-largest seaport in Europe. It has an area of 2,876 km2 (1,110 sq mi), and with over 1.92 million inhabitants as of January 2024, is the country's most populous province. The province consists of three arrondissements: Antwerp, Mechelen and Turnhout. The eastern part of the province comprises the main part of the Campine region.
Daniel Petric
Daniel Petrić (Serbian Cyrillic: Данијел Петрић; born August 24, 1991) is an American convicted murderer from Wellington, Ohio. At age 16, he shot his parents after his father confiscated his video game. His mother died, but his father recovered. He is incarcerated for life, with a chance for parole. Studies of video game addiction or the effects of violent video games on society, as well as gun control, often mention Petrić.

Gun control
Gun control, or firearms regulation, is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms and ammunition by civilians.

Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent misuse or violence. They typically restrict ownership of firearms with certain characteristics, and require a mandatory gun safety course and firearms license to own a gun.

Only a few countries, such as Iraq, Yemen, Pakistan and the United States are considered permissive jurisdictions.

In some countries, such as Australia or the United States, measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels. Countries like the United States and Mexico have constitutionally protected gun rights.
Nour El-Dali
Nour El-Din Ahmed El-Dali (Arabic: نور الدالي 24 October 1928 – 16 April 2004) was an Egyptian footballer executive and player who played for Zamalek and Egypt as a defender, represented his country and was part of the team that won the 1957 Africa Cup of Nations. He was also part of Egypt's squad for the football tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches. El-Dali was the president of Zamalek for two years, between 1990 and 1992.

Graduated as an Engineer, El-Dali was the last footballer to hold the position of the president of Zamalek to date. As a player, he spent his entire career with Zamalek. He was in the starting lineup at the club and the national team for over a decade. He was elected as Zamalek's board member more than once before being elected as president.

Egypt Cup
The Egypt Cup (also known as the Egyptian FA Cup and formerly as the King Farouk Cup) is the main knockout football cup competition in Egypt. It is the oldest club competition in Africa. The first team to win the trophy was Zamalek in 1922. Al Ahly hold the record of total number of titles with a total of 39 titles, Zamalek also holds the record of being the only club to win the title for 4 consecutive years twice; from 1957 to 1960 and 2013 up to 2016.
Nicolas Maulini
Nicolas Maulini (born 5 January 1981 in Geneva) is a Swiss racing driver. He has competed in such series as International Formula Master and the Eurocup Mégane Trophy. He won the Renault Speed Trophy F2000 championship in 2004.

Formula Renault 2.0 Alps
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps was a category of Formula Renault open-wheel racing, created by the merging of the Formula Renault 2.0 Middle European Championship (formerly known as Formula Renault 2.0 Switzerland) and Formula Renault 2.0 Italia.
Ali Khodja
Ali V Ben Ahmed, nicknamed Ali Khodja, Ali-Meguer, or Ali Loco (the mad) (Arabic: علي ابن أحمد خوجة) was a Kouloughli of partial Georgian (Mengrelian) and Native Algerian origins born in Algeria. He was the dey of the Deylik of Algiers from September 1817, just after the assassination of his predecessor Omar Agha the 8th. He remained so until his death in March 1818. His sobriquet Ali-Meguer may indicate his Mingrelian background.

Kouloughlis
Kouloughlis, also spelled Koulouglis, Cologhlis and Qulaughlis was a term used during the period of Ottoman influence in North Africa that usually designated the mixed offspring of Ottoman officials and janissaries and local women.
Nimrim
Nimrim, in Moab, is mentioned twice in scripture in the Tanakh and Bible, in Isaiah 15:6 and in Jeremiah 48:34.

Little is known of Nimrim other than it was in Moab. It is mentioned in connection with several cities that were under Moabite control at that time (around 626BC - 586BC) such as Heshbon, Zoar and Horonaim. Scholars are not in agreement of whether Nimrim was a river, or a lake, or a city.

Horonaim
Horonaim (Hebrew: חוֹרֹנַיִם‎ Ḥōrōnayīm) is a city in Moab, mentioned in two Hebrew Bible oracles against the nation of Moab: in the Book of Jeremiah (48), and in the Book of Isaiah, (15). In 2 Samuel (13:34), an addition from  the Septuagint text (ὁδοῦ τῆς ῾Ωρωνῆν) is sometimes translated as Horonaim (in e.g. NIV, ISV), although it possibly derives from as little as a preposition.

There is some reason to identify Horonaim with the city Horonan (Moabite: 𐤇𐤅𐤓𐤍𐤍 *Ḥawrānān), named in the Mesha Stele (lines 31 and 32). The name may derive from the god Horon, or from Western Semitic words for cave, cavern, hollow or valley.
Liwaa Yazji
Liwaa Yazji, alternative spelling Liwaa Yazaji, (Arabic: لواء يازجي, born 1977 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Syrian filmmaker, playwright, TV screenwriter, dramaturge and poet. Her works, written in Arabic, have been translated into English and presented in the United Kingdom, the US and, in original Arabic versions, in Arab states.

Dramaturge
A dramaturge or dramaturg (from Ancient Greek δραματουργός – dramatourgós) is a literary adviser or editor in a theatre, opera, or film company who researches, selects, adapts, edits, and interprets scripts, libretti, texts, and printed programmes (or helps others with these tasks), consults authors, and does public relations work. Its modern-day function was originated by the innovations of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, an 18th-century German playwright, philosopher, and theatre theorist.
Suttor River Causeway
Suttor River Causeway is a heritage-listed causeway across the Suttor River on the Old Bowen Downs Road, now at St Anns Road, Mount Coolon, Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1876 by the Queensland Department of Public Works. It is also known as St Anns Crossing and Old Bowen Downs Road. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 September 2008.

Causeway
A causeway is a track, road or railway on the upper point of an embankment across "a low, or wet place, or piece of water". It can be constructed of earth, masonry, wood, or concrete. One of the earliest known wooden causeways is the Sweet Track in the Somerset Levels, England, which dates from the Neolithic age. Timber causeways may also be described as both boardwalks and bridges.
Narrowing of algebraic value sets
Like logic programming, narrowing of algebraic value sets gives a method of reasoning about the values in unsolved or partially solved equations.  Where logic programming relies on resolution, the algebra of value sets relies on narrowing rules.  Narrowing rules allow the  elimination of values from a solution set which are inconsistent with the equations being solved.

Unlike logic programming, narrowing of algebraic value sets makes no use of backtracking.  Instead all values are contained in value sets, and are considered in parallel.

The approach is also similar to the use of constraints in constraint logic programming, but without the logic processing basis.

Probabilistic value sets is a natural extension of value sets to deductive probability.  The value set construct holds the information required to calculate probabilities of calculated values based on probabilities of initial values.

Polymorphism (computer science)
In programming language theory and type theory, polymorphism allows a value or variable to have more than one type and allows a given operation to be performed on values of more than one type.

In object-oriented programming, polymorphism is the provision of one interface to entities of different data types.  The concept is borrowed from a principle in biology in which an organism or species can have many different forms or stages.

The most commonly recognized major forms of polymorphism are:

Ad hoc polymorphism: defines a common interface for an arbitrary set of individually specified types.

Parametric polymorphism: does not specify concrete types and instead uses abstract symbols that can substitute for any type.

Subtyping (also called subtype polymorphism or inclusion polymorphism): when a name denotes instances of many different classes related by a common superclass.
Juan Guillermo Brunetta
Juan Guillermo Brunetta (born August 25, 1975, in Laboulaye, Córdoba) is an Argentine professional racing cyclist. He is most famous for his unusual size for a cyclist. He is 2.04 metres (6 ft 8 in) and 97 kilograms (214 lb). Like most cyclists out of Córdoba, he started off as a track rider but has made the transition to the road and does not race as much on the track these days. He has been one of the best time trialists for the last 6 years in Argentina, but he has raced most of his road career in Uruguay with the Villa Teresa team with much success, especially in the time trials. He competed in the men's team pursuit at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Since 2007 he has been racing in Argentina again.

Cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's team pursuit
The men's team pursuit event in cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held on Sunday, 17 September, and Monday, 18 September 2000 at the Dunc Gray Velodrome. The competition consisted of matches between two teams of four cyclists.  The teams started at opposite ends of the track. They had 16 laps (4 kilometres) in which to catch the other cyclist. If neither was caught before one had gone 16 laps, the times for the distance (based on the third rider of the team to cross the line) were used to determine the victor.
Capri Virkkunen
Päivi "Capri" Virkkunen later known as Päivi Selo (born 28 February 1972), simply known as Capri, is a Finnish singer and vocal coach. She started as a pop singer in Finland and also member of a cover band. Starting 2012, she has become the vocalist metal singer of the Finnish symphonic power metal band Amberian Dawn replacing earlier band vocalist Heidi Parviainen starting with the band's compilation album Re-Evolution.

Tampere Workers' Theatre
The Tampere Workers' Theatre (Finnish: Tampereen Työväen Teatteri) or the TTT-Theatre is one of the two main active theatres in Kaakinmaa, Tampere, Finland, along with the Tampere Theatre (Finnish: Tampereen Teatteri).

Founded in 1901, the Tampere Workers' Theatre put on its first play – Anna Liisa by Minna Canth – on 27 September of that year.
Doclin
Doclin (Hungarian: Doklény) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania with a population of 2.047 people. It is composed of three villages: Biniș (Bényes), Doclin and Tirol (Királykegye; German: Königsgrad).

Caraș-Severin County
Caraș-Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Elkhart High School (Texas)
Elkhart High School is a public high school located in Elkhart, Texas. It is part of the Elkhart Independent School District located in southeastern Anderson County and classified as a 3A school by the UIL. During 2023-2024, Elkhart High School had an enrollment of 309 students and a student to teacher ratio of 9.17. The school received an A from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024–2025 school year.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Continuum limit
In mathematical physics and mathematics, the continuum limit or scaling limit of a lattice model characterizes its behaviour in the limit as the lattice spacing goes to zero. It is often useful to use lattice models to approximate real-world processes, such as Brownian motion. Indeed, according to Donsker's theorem, the discrete random walk would, in the scaling limit, approach the true Brownian motion.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Everyone Is Everybody Else
Everyone Is Everybody Else is the fifth studio album by British rock band Barclay James Harvest released in June 1974. This was their first album for the Polydor label after they had parted company with EMI.

The album was produced by Rodger Bain, who had previously worked with Black Sabbath in producing their first three albums. He also produced heavy rock bands Judas Priest and Budgie. There was said to be strained relations between Bain and the band, due to the preference of his musical style, with the band unhappy with the results of the song "Child of the Universe" in particular; Woolly Wolstenholme's only contribution was also left off the original album.

The album was played extensively on Radio Caroline, particularly the tracks "For No One" (whose lyrics contain the title of the album) and "Child of the Universe". The album was voted by Radio Caroline listeners at No. 13 on  the Top 100 All Time Album Chart. The album led to a BBC Radio 1 session with John Peel.

Budgie (band)
Budgie were a Welsh heavy metal band from Cardiff. The band formed in 1967, and recorded a demo the following year.

In 1971, their first album was blues-oriented hard rock and produced by Rodger Bain, released by MCA. Later records found Budgie gradually moving into a harder and more aggressive sound. The band, usually a classic power trio with the occasional keyboard player, released ten albums, with MCA, A&M, and RCA, between 1971 and 1982, attracting a fair number of fans and achieving modest commercial success.

Budgie were one of the earliest heavy metal bands, and according to Garry Sharpe-Young they influenced many acts of that scene, particularly the new wave of British heavy metal, and later acts such as Metallica. The band have been noted as "among the heaviest metal of its day".