hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surfactant leaching
Surfactant leaching of acrylic (latex) paints, also known as exudate staining, streak staining, streaking, weeping, exudation, etc., occurs when the freshly painted surface becomes wet and water-soluble components of the paint (dispersants, surfactants, thickeners, glycols,  etc.) leach out of the paint in sticky brown streaks. This may happen, e.g., due to rain or dew for exterior surfaces, or water vapor condensation on interior ones. On the external surfaces the streaks will normally weather off in several weeks, and removal of them before that time is impractical, especially because it may damage the paint before it is completely cured. The streaking phenomenon may also be observed for some silicone sealants.

The leaching effect should be taken into an account by manufacturers when formulating latex paints. A common approach is replacing water-soluble ingredients with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are not environmentally safe.

Sealant
Sealant is a substance used to block the passage of fluids through openings in materials, a type of mechanical seal. In building construction sealant is sometimes synonymous with caulk (especially if acrylic latex or polyurethane based) and also serve the purposes of blocking dust, sound and heat transmission. Sealants may be weak or strong, flexible or rigid, permanent or temporary. Sealants are not adhesives but some have adhesive qualities and are called adhesive-sealants or structural sealants.
Lasaeidae
Lasaeidae is a family of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Galeommatida. These bivalves are sometimes called "kelly clams", because one of the genera in this family is Kellia.

William Healey Dall
William Healey Dall (August 21, 1845 – March 27, 1927) was an American naturalist, a prominent malacologist, and one of the earliest scientific explorers of interior Alaska. He described many mollusks of the Pacific Northwest of North America, and was for many years America's preeminent authority on living and fossil mollusks.

Dall also made substantial contributions to ornithology, zoology, physical and cultural anthropology, oceanography, and paleontology. In addition, he carried out meteorological observations in Alaska for the Smithsonian Institution.
Haley McGee
Haley McGee is a Canadian actress, writer and comedian based in London. McGee is best known for her role as Dorothy Skerritt, the personal assistant to Nikola Tesla in the Doctor Who episode Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror. She is also known for her solo performances, most recently Age Is A Feeling and The Ex-Boyfriend Yard Sale.

Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror
"Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror" is the fourth episode of the twelfth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, first broadcast on BBC One on 19 January 2020. It was written by Nina Metivier, and directed by Nida Manzoor.

In 1903, the Thirteenth Doctor (Jodie Whittaker) helps Nikola Tesla (Goran Višnjić) escape from being kidnapped by the Skithra aliens, along with the assistance of her companions Graham O'Brien (Bradley Walsh), Ryan Sinclair (Tosin Cole), and Yasmin Khan (Mandip Gill).

The episode was watched by 5.20 million viewers, and received generally positive reviews from critics.
Bill Johnson (Mississippi politician)
William Alphonse Johnson Jr. (born 1954 or 1955) is an American former politician.

He attended Pearl River Community College and Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College. In 1991, he ran in the Democratic Party primary for the 46th district seat in the Mississippi State Senate but lost to Vic Franckiewicz Jr. The next year, after a federal court panel mandated new redistricting and elections for the entire legislature, he ran for the same seat as a Republican, besting Democratic nominee Scottie Cuevas and independent Jerry Ladner. Johnson was defeated in a rematch with Cuevas in 1995.

Mississippi State Senate
The Mississippi State Senate is the upper house of the Mississippi Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Senate, along with the lower Mississippi House of Representatives, convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson. The Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi serves as President of the Senate.

The Senate is composed of 52 senators representing an equal number of constituent districts, with 56,947 people per district (2020 census). In the current legislative session, the Republican Party holds 34 seats while the Democratic Party holds 18 seats, creating a Republican trifecta in the state government.

The Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards and can create and amend bills.
No Strings (song)
"No Strings" is the debut single by British singer-songwriter Chlöe Howl. It was released on 23 August 2013, through Sony Music Entertainment. The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 176 on 1 September 2013. The song has peaked at number 182 on the French Singles Chart. The song was written by Chlöe Howl and Francis White. It was used as part of the Kick-Ass 2 movie soundtrack.

Kick-Ass 2 (soundtrack)
Kick-Ass 2: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a compilation album of various artists' music from the 2013 film Kick-Ass 2. Though the song "I Hate Myself for Loving You" by Joan Jett and the Blackhearts is featured in the film, it does not appear on the soundtrack.
Aero A.21
The Aero A.21 was a biplane military trainer aircraft developed in Czechoslovakia from the Aero A.11 reconnaissance-bomber. The aircraft was developed specifically as a night-trainer, to teach Czech Air Force pilots instrument flying techniques.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Githinji Gitahi
Gìthìnji Gìtahi  is a Kenyan medical doctor who serves as the Global Chief Executive Officer of Amref Health Africa as well a former co-chair of the UHC2030 Steering Committee.  In July 2021, he was appointed as a Commissioner in the Africa COVID-19 Commission.

UHC2030
UHC2030, formerly known as the International Health Partnership (IHP+), is a global platform which aims to promote universal health coverage (UHC). The global platform is co-hosted by the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the OECD.

IHP+ began in September 2007 as an international partnership aiming to improve health cooperation to accelerate progress towards the Millennium Development Goals. The initiative arose from pre-existing developments aimed at improving health outcomes and improving aid effectiveness, including the High-level Forum (HLF) on the Health MDGs, the post-HLF process, and the HLF on Aid Effectiveness, in line with the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and later on the Busan Partnership Agreement for effective development cooperation.
Amphizoa lecontei
Amphizoa lecontei is a species of aquatic beetle. Adults have a body length of between 11.5 and 16 millimeters. Its elytron has a distinct carina on fifth interval. The species is found in western North America, especially in the Rocky Mountains. Its common name is "Trout-stream beetle". Its synonym is Amphizoa carinata.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
PDE6B
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta is the beta subunit of the protein complex PDE6 that is encoded by the PDE6B gene. PDE6 is crucial in transmission and amplification of visual signal. The existence of this beta subunit is essential for normal PDE6 functioning. Mutations in this subunit are responsible for retinal degeneration such as retinitis pigmentosa or congenital stationary night blindness.

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP.  Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in response to the binding of membrane-impermeable peptide hormones to the external cell surface. Through protein kinases activation, cGMP can relax smooth muscle. cGMP concentration in urine can be measured for kidney function and diabetes detection.
Battle of Toppenish Creek
The Battle of Toppenish Creek was the first engagement of the Yakima War in Washington. Fought on October 5, 1855, a company of American soldiers, under Major Granville O. Haller,  was attacked by a band of Yakamas, under Chief Kamiakin, and compelled to retreat. The battle occurred in Yakima Valley, 113 miles northwest of Fort Walla Walla, along Toppenish Creek and was a major victory for Native American forces.

Yakama
The Yakama are a Native American tribe with nearly 10,851 members, based primarily in eastern Washington state.

Yakama people today are enrolled in the federally recognized tribe, the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation. Their Yakama Indian Reservation, along the Yakima River, covers an area of approximately 1.2 million acres (5,260 km2). Today the nation is governed by the Yakama Tribal Council, which consists of representatives of 14 tribes.

Their right to fish in their former territory is protected by treaties and was re-affirmed in late 20th-century court cases such as United States v. Washington (known as the Boldt Decision, 1974) and United States v. Oregon (Sohappy v. Smith, 1969), though more than a century of U.S. industrial pollution has contaminated these waterways with dangerous levels of toxic chemicals. The Columbia Basin Initiative aims to improve salmon-fishing for the tribe.
1778 North Carolina gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held in North Carolina on April 18, 1778. The incumbent governor of North Carolina Richard Caswell was re-elected.

Caswell led a coalition of Western radicals and Cape Fear River moderates that dominated North Carolina politics during the late 1770s. Caswell remained personally popular in 1778 despite rising factionalism that pitted the governor's allies against the conservative minority in the legislature.

The election was conducted by the North Carolina General Assembly in joint session. Caswell was elected unanimously on the first ballot.

Richard Caswell
Richard Caswell (August 3, 1729 – November 10, 1789) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the first and fifth governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1776 to 1780 and from 1785 to 1787. He also served as a senior officer of militia in the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War. As a delegate to the First Continental Congress, he was a signatory of the 1774 Continental Association.
Battle of Frohnhofen
The Battle of Frohnhofen or Battle of Laufach took place on 13 July 1866 as part of the Main Campaign of the Prussian Army in the Austro-Prussian War. In a battle lasting several hours, the Prussian 26th Infantry Brigade repulsed attacks by the 3rd (Hessian) Division of the VIII. Corps of the North German Confederation, with the Hessians suffering heavy losses. It thus secured the Spessart crossings and created favorable conditions for the Battle of Aschaffenburg around the Main crossing the next day.

Spessart
Spessart (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpɛsaʁt] ⓘ) is a Mittelgebirge, a range of low wooded mountains, in the States of Bavaria and Hesse in Germany. It is bordered by the Vogelsberg, Rhön and Odenwald. The highest elevation is the Geiersberg at 586 metres above sea level.
Dreams (novella)
"Dreams" (Russian: Сны, romanized: Sny) is a novella by Nobel Prize-winning Russian author Ivan Bunin, written in the late 1903 and first published in the first book of the Znanie (Knowledge) Saint Petersburg literary almanach in 1904, where it was coupled with another short novella, "The Golden Bottom" (Золотое дно), under the common title "Black Earth" (Чернозём). "Dreams" is generally regarded as the turning point in Bunin's literary career, marking the radical turn towards social issues prior to which he had mostly avoided.

Znanie (publishing company)
Znanie (Russian: Зна́ние, Znaniye/Znanije; English: Knowledge) was a publishing company based in St. Petersburg, Russia founded by Konstantin Pyatnitsky and other members of the Committee for Literacy. It operated from 1898 to 1913.
Pillai Nila (TV series)
Pillai Nila is a 2012-2014 Tamil-language soap opera that  aired on Sun TV. The show premiered on 23 April 2012. It aired Monday through Saturday. The show starred Shamitha Shreekumar, Divya Padmini, Shyam Ganesh, Shreekumar, Neha Menon and Shanthi Williams. It was replaced by Chandralekha (Tamil serial) which was replaced by Ilakkiya (Tamil serial).

The show was produced by Saregama and directed by V. Sadhashivam, with screenplay by A. Jawahar. Pillai Nila is the fight between two good friends, Hema and Kokila, for Baby Nila. The show last aired 4 October 2014 and ended with 679 episodes. The show was re-telecastied from 5 May 2025  at 10:00AM (Indian Standard Time).

Sun TV (India)
Sun TV is an Indian Tamil-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 14 April 1993. It is the flagship channel of the Chennai-based media conglomerate Sun Group's Sun TV Network. It was founded and is owned by Kalanithi Maran.

It started airing on open network (Antenna) on 14 July 2002 at the time of "Majunu" Tamil movie premiering. Then it was removed from this open network on 2005. It was also removed from free on 9 November 2007. Sun TV launched its HD version on 11 December 2011.

Since its inception, the channel consistently remains the top rated Tamil channel and one of the top rated Indian television channel.

On 2 October 2025, the entire Sun TV network, including Sun TV itself, has officially renewed their channel logo for the first time in over three decades of operations. The new logo was later appeared on 1 February 2026.
Oulad Zarrad
Oulad Zarrad is a small town and rural commune in El Kelâat Es-Sraghna Province of the Marrakesh-Safi region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 11,228 people living in 1744 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Scott Maxfield
Scott Maxfield (born c. 1960) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach for Henderson State University from 2005 until his retirement following the 2023 season. He also was the head coach for Pearl River Community College in 2001 and Blinn College from 2002 to 2004. He also coached for Louisiana Tech, Ole Miss, Northwest Mississippi Community College, and Northwestern State. He played college football for Louisiana Tech as a guard and center.

Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football
The Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team represents Louisiana Tech University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. After 12 seasons in the Western Athletic Conference, Louisiana Tech began competing as a member of Conference USA in 2013.

Since its first season in 1901, Louisiana Tech has compiled an all-time record of 653 wins, 508 losses, and 37 ties. In 121 football seasons, the Bulldogs have won 3 Division II national championships, won 25 conference championships, and played in 30 postseason games, including 15 major college bowl games. Since 1968, the Bulldogs have played their home games at Joe Aillet Stadium in Ruston, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Sonny Cumbie.

The Bulldogs will join the Sun Belt Conference as a full member no later than July 1, 2027.
Odysseas Kordelio F.C.
Odysseas Kordelio Football Club is a Greek football club, based in Eleftherio-Kordelio, Evosmos, Thessaloniki. It was founded in 1947 by Ulysses Xylene, and participated in the local league B and C class of Macedonia Football Clubs Association until 1977. It played a total of 8 years in the professional categories of Greece (1 time in the national B and 7 times the national C).

Eleftherio-Kordelio
Eleftherio-Kordelio  (Greek: Ελευθέριο-Κορδελιό, Elefthério-Kordelió) is a suburb of the Thessaloniki Urban Area and a former municipality of the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Macedonia,  Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kordelio-Evosmos, of which it is a municipal unit. It gained its present form in 1982, after the union of the then municipalities of Eleftheria and Neo Kordelio. They were formed in 1924 by Greek refugees from the town of Kordelio on the west coast of Asia Minor. In the Ottoman Empire the region and the small village that stood in the same area was known as Harmanköy.

Eleftherio-Kordelio covers an area of 3.431 km2 with 26,131 inhabitants in 2021. In this region is located the Railway Museum of Thessaloniki.
Dumb Dora
Dumb Dora is a comic strip published from 1924 to 1936 distributed by King Features Syndicate. The term "dumb Dora" was a 1920s American slang term for a foolish woman; the strip helped popularize the term.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Foster J. Sayers
Foster Joseph Sayers (April 27, 1924 – November 12, 1944) was a 20-year-old infantryman from Centre County. He joined the Army from Howard, Pennsylvania in March 1943.

He received the Medal of Honor for acts of bravery near Thionville, France, on November 12, 1944. Foster Joseph Sayers Reservoir at Bald Eagle State Park near his hometown of Howard, Pennsylvania is named in his honor.

Centre County, Pennsylvania
Centre County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,172. Its county seat is Bellefonte.  Centre County is composed of the State College, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.
Astakhov
Astakhov (Russian: Астахов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Astakhova. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Astakhova (1886–1971), Soviet scholar

Dmitri Astakhov (born 1986), Russian professional footballer

Ernest Astakhov (born 1998), Ukrainian professional footballer

Fedor Astakhov  (1892–1966), Soviet Marshal of Aviation Force

Kristina Astakhova (born 1997), Russian pair skater

Pavel Astakhov  (born 1966), Russian politician, celebrity lawyer and television personality.

Polina Astakhova (1936–2005), Ukrainian artistic gymnast

Vitali Astakhov (born 1979), Russian professional footballer

Pavel Astakhov
Pavel Alekseyevich Astakhov (Russian: Па́вел Алексе́евич Аста́хов; born 8 September 1966) is a Russian politician, lawyer and television personality.

On 30 December 2009 Dmitry Medvedev appointed Astakhov to the position of the Children's Rights Commissioner for the President of the Russian Federation (children's ombudsman). He resigned in September 2016 after facing severe criticism due to his comments on the death of 14 children in a shipwreck.

He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.
2000 Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The 19th Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces was the 2000 version of the Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces. It took place on March 26 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Polonia Bydgoszcz
Polonia Bydgoszcz is a Polish sports club based in Bydgoszcz most known for its speedway team ŻKS Polonia Bydgoszcz which currently races in the 1. Liga. The club has won the Polish Speedway League Championship seven times, the latest in 2002, and European Team Championship three times, the latest in 2001. The club also has a football team that plays in the lower leagues, though it was more successful in the past and played in the Polish top division, plus several other departments: athletics, cycling and boccia.
Kepler-17
Kepler-17 is a main-sequence yellow dwarf star that is much more active than the Sun with starspots covering roughly 6% of its surface. Starspots are long-lived, with at least one persisting for 1400 days.

Starspot
Starspots are stellar phenomena, so-named by analogy with sunspots.  Spots as small as sunspots have not been detected on other stars, as they would cause undetectably small fluctuations in brightness. The commonly observed starspots are in general much larger than those on the Sun: up to about 30% of the stellar surface may be covered, corresponding to starspots 100 times larger than those on the Sun.
John Garnier (Royal Navy officer)
Rear-Admiral Sir John Garnier, KCVO, CBE (born 1934) is a retired Royal Navy officer and courtier. He served as Naval Equerry to the Queen between 1962 and 1965, Director of Naval Operations and Trade between 1982 and 1984, Flag Officer, Royal Yachts, between 1985 and 1990, and as Private Secretary and Comptroller to Princess Alexandra between 1991 and 1995. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1982 and a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1990 (having previously been appointed a Lieutenant in 1965).

Princess Alexandra (born 1936)
Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel; born 25 December 1936), is a member of the British royal family. She is the only daughter of Prince George, Duke of Kent, and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, the only living granddaughter of George V, a niece of Edward VIII and George VI, and a first cousin of Elizabeth II. Alexandra's mother was also a first cousin of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Elizabeth II, making her both a second cousin and first cousin once removed of Charles III.

Alexandra was married to the businessman Sir Angus Ogilvy from 1963 until his death in 2004. At the time of her birth, she was sixth in the line of succession to the British throne; as of 2026, she is 58th.