hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canyu
Canyu (traditional Chinese: 參與; simplified Chinese: 参与; pinyin: Cānyǔ), also known as Participation or Participation Network, was a United States-based rights protection and pro-democracy website, focusing on China's democracy movement, human rights situation, and commentary critical of the Chinese Communist Party.

Canyu.org was launched in 2005 and was maintained by the China Free Press. Due to the stand of the website, it received many cyberattacks made by hackers. In January 2014, Canyu issued a statement stating that the website had been funded by the National Endowment for Democracy from 2005 to September 30, 2012. As of January 2021, the website was down.

Democratization
Democratization, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an authoritarian government to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. The opposite process of democratic transition is known as democratic backsliding or autocratization. Whether and to what extent democratization occurs can be influenced by various factors, including economic development, historical legacies, civil society, and international processes. Some accounts of democratization emphasize how elites drove democratization, whereas other accounts emphasize grassroots bottom-up processes. How democratization occurs has also been used to explain other political phenomena, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows.
Mazaé Azéma
François Jean-Pierre Henri Azéma, called Mazaé Azéma, was a French politician and doctor of Réunionnais birth.  Born in Saint-Denis on 17 July 1823, he died on 28 July 1886.  He was a surgeon who had studied urology.

From 1862 till 1870, he was a vice-president of the Society of the sciences and the arts of La Réunion. In 1864, he became member corresponding of the Society of surgery of Paris and the Society of Anthropology of Paris, and corresponding member of the Royal Society of the arts and the sciences of the island Mauriceen on 1865.
He served on the General Council of Réunion from 1867, and received the Légion d'honneur in 1877.

Saint-Denis, Réunion
Saint-Denis (/ˌsæ̃dəˈniː/, French: [sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ⓘ; Reunionese Creole: Sin-Dni), unofficially Saint-Denis de La Réunion (pronounced [sɛ̃ d(ə)ni də la ʁeynjɔ̃]) for disambiguation, is the prefecture (administrative capital) of the French overseas department and region of Réunion, in the Indian Ocean. It is located at the island's northernmost point, close to the mouth of the Rivière Saint-Denis.

Saint-Denis is the most populous commune in the French overseas departments and the twentieth most populous in all of France. At the 2023 census, there were 326,743 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Saint-Denis (as defined by INSEE), 155,634 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Saint-Denis proper and the remainder in the neighbouring communes of La Possession, Sainte-Marie, Sainte-Suzanne, Saint-André, and Bras-Panon.
Fontignano
Fontignano is a frazione of the comune of  Perugia, Italy, located near Lake Trasimeno.

The famous High Renaissance painter Pietro Perugino died of the plague in Fontignano in 1524 and some of his masterpieces are still preserved in Fontignano.

The Renaissance painter Matteo Balducci was born in Fontignano.

43°001′034″N 12°011′028″E﻿ / ﻿43.02611°N 12.19111°E﻿ / 43.02611; 12.19111

High Renaissance
In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Most art historians state that the High Renaissance started between 1490 and 1500, and ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael, although some say the High Renaissance ended about 1525, or in 1527 with the Sack of Rome by the mutinous army of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or about 1530. The best-known exponents of painting, sculpture, and architecture of the High Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante. In the 21st century, the use of the term has been frequently criticized by some academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.
Max Raoul
Max Raoul or Vandière, real name Raoul François Chapais, (c.1770 – Paris 5 March 1839) was a 19th-century French playwright.

A former employee at the customs in Rouen, his plays were presented on several Parisian stages of the 19th century, including the Théâtre du Palais-Royal, the Théâtre du Gymnase-Dramatique, and the Théâtre du Vaudeville.

Théâtre du Palais-Royal
The Théâtre du Palais-Royal (French pronunciation: [teɑtʁ dy palɛ ʁwajal]) is a 750-seat Parisian theatre at 38 rue de Montpensier, located at the northwest corner of the Palais-Royal in the Galerie de Montpensier at its intersection with the Galerie de Beaujolais.
Vår Frue Church
Vår Frue Church (Norwegian: Vår Frue kirke / English: Our Lady's Church) is a medieval parish church of the Church of Norway in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the downtown Midtbyen area of the city of Trondheim, just a few blocks north of the Nidaros Cathedral. It is one of the two churches for the Nidaros og Vår Frue parish which is part of the Nidaros domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The gray, stone church was built in a long church design in the late 1100s using plans drawn up by Bjørn Sigvardsson. The church seats about 540 people.

Diocese of Nidaros
Nidaros is a diocese in the Lutheran Church of Norway. It covers Trøndelag county in Central Norway and its cathedral city is Trondheim, which houses the well-known Nidaros Cathedral.  Since 10 September 2017, the Bishop of Nidaros is Herborg Finnset.  The bishop preses, currently Olav Fykse Tveit is also based at the Nidaros Cathedral.  The diocese is divided into nine deaneries (prosti).  While the bishop preses holds episcopal responsibility within the Nidaros domprosti (deanery) in Trondheim, the bishop of Nidaros holds episcopal authority of the other eight deaneries as well as the language based parish of the Southern Sámi.
Phyllodonta alajuela
Phyllodonta alajuela is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by J. Bolling Sullivan in 2014. It is found in Costa Rica (Alajuela and Guanacaste provinces), possibly extending into Nicaragua. It has been recorded from altitudes between 500 and 1,150 meters.

The length of the forewings is 23.5–25 mm for males and 27 mm for females. The forewings are warm brown with prominent undulating antemedial and postmedial lines. Both lines are black edged with lighter grayish scales proximally. There is black scaling distal to the reniform at the costa, forming a diffuse line parallel to the antemedial line. The reniform spot is small and black and forms a center of a gray circle. The hindwings have a prominent postmedial line and a margin with a submedial notch. Adults are probably on wing year round.

The larvae feed on Witheringia solanacea and Brugmansia × candida.

Guanacaste Province
Guanacaste (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwanaˈkaste]) is a province of Costa Rica in the northwestern part of the country, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Alajuela Province to the east, and Puntarenas Province to the southeast. It is the most sparsely populated province in Costa Rica. Guanacaste has an area of 10,141 square kilometres (3,915 sq mi) and as of 2010, had a population of 354,154, with annual revenue of $2 billion.

Guanacaste's capital is Liberia. Other important cities include Cañas and Nicoya.
1982 European Super Cup
The 1982 European Super Cup was contested between the 1981–82 European Cup winners Aston Villa and the 1981–82 European Cup Winners' Cup winners Barcelona. The tie took place over two legs in January 1983. The first leg was won by Barcelona 1–0 at the Camp Nou stadium, but Aston Villa won 3–0 at Villa Park after extra time to take a 3–1 aggregate win.

1981–82 European Cup
The 1981–82 European Cup was the 27th season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football competition. The tournament was won for the only time by Aston Villa in the final against Bayern Munich. It was the sixth consecutive year that an English club won the competition. Liverpool, the defending champions, were eliminated by CSKA Sofia in the quarter-finals.

The final is remembered mainly for the performance of young stand-in goalkeeper Nigel Spink who made a host of saves from the experienced Bayern players. Villa's winning goal came from Peter Withe who converted Tony Morley's cross in off the post.
Stawy, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Stawy [ˈstavɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Imielno, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Imielno, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Jędrzejów, and 35 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów County
Jędrzejów County (Polish: powiat jędrzejowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Jędrzejów, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Sędziszów, lying 18 km (11 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and Małogoszcz, 21 km (13 mi) north of Jędrzejów.

The county covers an area of 1,257.17 square kilometres (485.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 84,049, out of which the population of Jędrzejów is 15,076, that of Sędziszów is 6,451, that of Małogoszcz is 3,748, and the rural population is 58,774.
Colin Williams (producer)
Colin Williams is a Northern Ireland film and television producer.

Williams founded Sixteen South in 2007 and since then has produced eleven shows including Pajanimals in partnership with The Jim Henson Company, Big & Small, Big City Park and Sesame Tree in partnership with Sesame Workshop. He is currently producing Lily's Driftwood Bay, which will soon air in over 100 countries and premiered in May 2014. He was one of the finalists in the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award Programme in 2013, as well as being named as one of Northern Ireland’s leaders in business.

Big City Park
Big City Park is a live-action puppet show, aimed at preschoolers and shot on location in Ormeau Park, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Big City Park is an original property created, written and produced by Sixteen South in co-production with BBC Scotland.
First Rockliff ministry
The First Rockliff ministry is the former ministry of the Tasmanian Government, led by Jeremy Rockliff of the Tasmanian Liberals. It was formed on 8 April 2022, after Rockliff was elected unopposed as leader of the Liberal Party and sworn as the state's 47th Premier by Governor Barbara Baker. The ministry replaced the Second Gutwein ministry, after former Premier Peter Gutwein resigned from his position and quit politics.

Barbara Baker
Barbara Avalon Baker (born 31 March 1958) is an Australian barrister and former judge, who is the 29th and current governor of Tasmania since 16 June 2021. She served on the Federal Circuit Court of Australia from 2008 to 2021. By convention, her term as governor will expire in 2026.
Sky (Titanium song)
"Sky" is a song by New Zealand boy band Titanium, from their debut studio album All For You (2012). It is the album's third single and was released by Illegal Musik on Friday, 2 November 2012. "Sky" premiered on radio station, The Edge on Thursday, 1 November. The song was made available for pre order via iTunes. "Sky" is an uptempo pop dance song written by Vince Harder.

"Sky" has received positive reviews from music critics, commending its chorus, catchy melody and rap verse.

Vince Harder
Vince Harder (born Charles Vincent Harder; 9 April 1982) is a New Zealand R&B/pop recording artist and producer. He is most notable for the 2008 song "Everything" with P-Money, which reached number one in New Zealand on the New Zealand Singles Chart in 2008. In May 2010, he released the single "Say This With Me" which peaked at number 39 on the singles chart.

The latest album release by Harder is his fourth album HORIZON which he released in 2022.
Cindertalk
Cindertalk is the stage and studio name of multi-instrumentalist singer-songwriter Jonathan "Jonny" Rodgers, and the ever-changing group of musicians who join him for performances and recordings. He is best known for his skill in playing an array of tuned wine glasses (also known as glass harp) along with guitar, keyboards and loop pedals and has contributed to numerous albums and film scores.

Glass harp
A glass harp (also called musical glasses, singing glasses, angelic organ, verrillon or ghost fiddle) is a musical instrument made of upright wine glasses.

It is played by running moistened or chalked fingers around the rim of the glasses. Each glass is tuned to a different pitch, either by grinding each goblet to the specified pitch, in which case the tuning is invariable, or by filling the glass with water until the desired pitch is achieved. Adding water causes the pitch to go down. Each glass model may have its pitch lowered by a fourth or even larger interval.

In addition, the sounds of a musical glass may be generated by bowing its rim with a bow for stringed instruments. In this case, a skilled musician may obtain the lowest tone (such as the one created by rubbing with the soaked finger) and also one or more higher notes, corresponding to the glass bowl higher modes.
Nocticola pheromosa
Nocticola pheromosa is a species of cockroach in the family Nocticolidae. Nocticola pheromosa are found in Singapore. The species is named after Pheromosa, an Ultra Beast Pokémon that resembles a feminine anthropomorphic cockroach that has recently molted.

Nocticolidae
Nocticolidae is a small family in the order Blattodea (cockroaches). It consists of only 32 known species in 9 genera. They are found in Africa, Asia and Australia. Most live in cave habitats, although a few are associated with termites. Cave adapted species are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber, making them the oldest extant cavernicolous organisms.
Jakov Orfelin
Jakov Orfelin (Cyrillic Serbian: Јаков Орфелин, born in Vukovar or Sremski Karlovci, Habsburg monarchy, c. mid-eighteenth century – Arad, Habsburg Monarchy, 20  October 1803) was a Serbian Baroque painter. 
He made iconostasis for the churches of Bačka and Syrmia regions and also some portraits. He is the nephew of the painter, engraver and writer Zaharije Orfelin.

Kraljevci, Ruma
Kraljevci (Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевци) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Ruma municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,232 people (2002 census).
Dahr Safra
Dahr Safra (Arabic: ضهر صفرا) is a village in the northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Baniyas District of Tartous Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Dahr Safra had a population of 1,019 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are Maronite Christians.

Tartus Governorate
Tartus Governorate, officially Tartous Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة طرطوس Muḥāfaẓat Ṭarṭūs), is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western Syria, bordering Latakia Governorate to the north, Homs and Hama Governorates to the east, Lebanon to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. It is one of the few governorates in Syria that has an Alawite majority. Sources list the area as 1,890 km2 or 1,892 km2, with its capital being Tartus.
Ian Braid
Ian Maxwell Braid (born 8 July 1935) is an Australian former politician. He was born in Sheffield, Tasmania, and is the cousin of former Tasmanian MLC Harry Braid. In 1969, he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly representing Wilmot for the Liberal Party. He was defeated in 1972, but was re-elected in a countback following Angus Bethune's resignation. He served as a minister from 1982 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1995. He resigned his seat in 1995 and retired from politics.

Braid assisted the state government, when requested in about 2002, by agreeing to become Mayor of Kentish Council, based in Sheffield. The council had been under administration.

Sheffield, Tasmania
Sheffield is a town 23 kilometres (14 mi) inland from Devonport, a city on the north-west coast of Tasmania. Sheffield has long been the rural hub for the Mount Roland area. The Sheffield area is well known for its high quality butterfat production via dairy farming. The district is also suitable for lamb and beef production. The town of Railton is nearby. At the 2021 census, Sheffield had a population of 1,602.
British Columbia Highway 62
Highway 62, also known as High Level Road, is a 7.34 km (4.56 mi) spur located in northern British Columbia, running from the junction of the Yellowhead Highway (Highway 16) in New Hazelton to downtown Hazelton. Highway 62 is an unofficial highway.

After leaving New Hazelton, the highway crosses the Hagwilget First Nations reserve community. Continuing west, Highway 62 passes over the Bulkley River and through the village of Two Mile before ending on River Road in Hazelton.

Hagwilget Village First Nation
The Hagwilget Village Council is a First Nations band government of the  Wetʼsuwetʼen  subgroup of the Dakelh people, located at Hagwilget, British Columbia, Canada, which is just east of Hazelton, British Columbia.  The band is one of the 13 member governments of the Hereditary Chiefs of the Wetʼsuwetʼen, which functions as a tribal council in alliance with the 35 members of the Hereditary Chiefs of the Gitxsan.
Naam (2024 film)
Naam - The Missing Identity (also known as 'Benaam) is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film co-written and directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by Anil Roongta. It stars Ajay Devgn, Sameera Reddy, Bhumika Chawla, Rahul Dev, Shriya Sharma, Yashpal Sharma, Vijay Raaz, Rajpal Yadav, Mukesh Tiwari and Sharat Saxena. It was shot on 20 November 2004 and initially scheduled for a release on 25 February 2005. However, due to various reasons, its release was delayed for nearly 22 years. The film was released on 22 November 2024 to mixed reviews.

Anees Bazmee
Anees Bazmee is an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer who works in Hindi cinema. He is best known directing for No Entry (2005), Welcome (2007) and  Singh is Kinng (2008),  Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 (2022),  Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 (2024).
Jaromír Šámal
Jaromír Šámal (12 July 1900 – 5 June 1942)  was a Czech zoologist and entomologist. He served as a professor of agriculture at the Czech Technical University. He specialized on aquatic organisms including insects, particularly the stoneflies and mayflies.

Plecoptera
Plecoptera is an order of insects commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin.

Plecoptera are found in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, and the populations are quite distinct, although the evolutionary evidence suggests species may have crossed the equator on a number of occasions before once again becoming geographically isolated.

All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and the presence of their nymphs in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality.
2015–16 Oman Professional League Cup
The 2015–16 Oman Professional League Cup (known as the Mazda Professional Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth edition of a domestic football competition held in Oman.

The competition features four groups of 3-4 teams (Group A and B featured 4 teams and Group C and D featured 3 teams), with the group stage winners entering the semi-finals stage. Groups featuring three sides played each other thrice so that each team could play 6 matches in the group phase.

The competition featured all the clubs playing in the top flight in the 2015–16 season.

The competition began on 5 September 2015, and concluded on 27 March 2016. On Sunday 27 March 2016, Al-Nasr S.C.S.C. were crowned the champions defeating Sohar SC 2–0 in the finals and hence winning the title for the first time.

Mazda
Mazda Motor Corporation (マツダ株式会社, Matsuda Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima, Japan. The company was founded on January 30, 1920, as Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd., a cork-making factory, by Jujiro Matsuda. The company then acquired Abemaki Tree Cork Company. It changed its name to Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1927 and started producing vehicles in 1931.

Mazda is known for its innovative technologies, such as the Wankel engine, the SkyActiv platform, and the Kodo Design language. It also has a long history of motorsport involvement, winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1991 with the rotary-powered Mazda 787B. In the past and present, Mazda has been engaged in alliances with other automakers. From 1974 until the late 2000s, Ford was a major shareholder of Mazda. Other partnerships include Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu, Suzuki and Kia. In 2023, it produced 1.1 million vehicles globally.
Chanunpa
Chanunpa (čhaŋnúŋpa, Chanupa, or Canupa) is the Lakota language name for the sacred, ceremonial pipe and the ceremony in which it is used. The pipe ceremony is one of the Seven Sacred Rites of the Lakota people. Lakota tradition has it that White Buffalo Calf Woman brought the chanunpa to the people, as one of the Seven Sacred Rites, to serve as a sacred bridge between this world and Wakan Tanka, the "Great Mystery".

The chanunpa is one means of conveying prayers to the Creator and the other sacred beings. The various parts of the pipe have symbolic meanings, and much of this symbolism is not shared with those outside the culture. While sacred pipes of various designs are used in ceremonies by a number of different Indigenous peoples of the Americas, chanunpa is specifically the Lakota name for their type of ceremonial pipe and ceremony. Other nations have their own names for their pipes and ceremonies, in their particular Indigenous languages.

Creator deity
A creator deity or creator god is a deity responsible for the creation of the Earth, world, and universe in human religion and mythology. In monotheism, the single God is often also the creator. A number of monolatristic traditions separate a secondary creator from a primary transcendent being, identified as a primary creator.
Reichenbachiella versicolor
Reichenbachiella versicolor is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Reichenbachiella which has been isolated from the alga Gracilaria blodgettii from the coast of Lingshui County.

Lingshui Li Autonomous County
Lingshui Li Autonomous County is an autonomous county in Hainan, China. It is one of the six autonomous counties of Hainan with a postal code of 572400, and in 1999 a population of 318,691, largely made up of the Li people. Notably the beautiful Niuling (牛岭) mountain delimits the tropical area of the county. A well-known natural sight, part of the Chinese Riviera is Xiangshuiwan or Perfume bay (香水湾). Monkey Island, a popular tourist destination located in Lingshui County, is a state-protected nature reserve for macaques. Lingshui is also home to the military base where a U.S. airplane crew were held during the Hainan Island incident in 2001. In September 2010, officials signed and scheduled the construction of the largest sea world theme park in Asia. The Lingshui Li'an Harbor Ocean Theme Park signing ceremony took place at the Narada Resort in Perfume Bay and the opening is planned for 2013.