hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Citerne (volcano)
Citerne is a French volcano located in Guadeloupe, on the southeast flank of La Grande Soufrière.

It has a total height of 1,155 metres (3,789 ft) and is crowned by a circular crater containing Lac Flammarion. On the south edge of the crater there are radio and TV relay antennae. Citerne is located at the intersection of the communes of Gourbeyre (west), Capesterre-Belle-Eau (east) and Trois-Rivières (south); the three communes meet in Lac Flammarion, meaning that the mountain's summit is located within Gourbeyre. The entire mountain is within the Guadeloupe National Park. The summit is accessible from the north by the D11 (the final section of the route is closed to traffic), from the west by the Armistice trail, or from the south by another track.

The last eruption of Citerne occurred around 370.

Gourbeyre
Gourbeyre (French pronunciation: [ɡuʁbɛʁ]; Guadeloupean Creole: Goubè) is a commune in the French overseas region and department of Guadeloupe, in the Lesser Antilles. It is a suburb of the city of Basse-Terre.

The commune of Gourbeyre was in the past a pivotal point in the defense of Guadeloupe's Basse-Terre Island.
Mohna
Mohna is a village in Jhanjharpur in the Bihar, India. Mohna is a village of Simra panchayat. It is surrounded with three main villages, Simra panchayat (Majhaura, Simra, Maheshpura) as well as Kanhauli.

NH 57 is the main road which connects Mohna from Darbhanga and Patna in Bihar and Silliguri of West Bengal. This National Highway is also known as the East- West Corridor. The length of this corridor is about 3,214 km. It starts from Porbandar in Gujarat and ends at Silchar in Assam.

Porbandar
Porbandar is a city and the headquarters of the Porbandar district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi and Sudama. It was the former capital of the Porbandar princely state. Porbandar and Chhaya are the twin cities, of each other and both cities are jointly governed by Porbandar–Chhaya Municipal Corporation.
32nd GLAAD Media Awards
The 32nd GLAAD Media Awards is the 2021 annual presentation of the GLAAD Media Awards, presented by GLAAD honoring the 2020 media season. It was held on April 8, 2021. The awards honor films, television shows, video games, musicians and works of journalism that fairly, accurately and inclusively represent the LGBT community and issues relevant to the community. GLAAD announced the 198 nominees split across 28 categories on January 28, 2021 on TikTok. A new category was created for Children's Programming, honoring televised works aired for younger children. The winners were announced in a virtual ceremony hosted by Niecy Nash. The show featured performances from Chika, Rebecca Black and Nash's wife Jessica Betts.

GLAAD Media Award
The GLAAD Media Award is a US accolade bestowed by GLAAD to recognize and honor various branches of the media for outstanding portrayals of LGBTQ people and the issues that affect their lives.  In addition to film and television, the Awards also recognize achievements in other branches of the media and arts, including theatre, music, journalism and advertising.

Honorees are selected by a process involving over 700 GLAAD Media Award voters and volunteers and are evaluated using four criteria: "Fair, Accurate and Inclusive Representations" of the LGBT community, "Boldness and Originality" of the project, significant "Cultural Impact" on mainstream culture, and "Overall Quality" of the project.  Results are then certified by a "Review Panel" who determine the final list of recipients based on voting results and their own "expert opinions".

The 1st GLAAD Media Awards ceremony honoring the 1989 season was held in 1990, and recognized 34 nominees in 7 competitive categories.
Kuo Chun-lin
Kuo Chun-lin (Chinese: 郭俊麟; pinyin: Guō Jùnlín; Japanese romaji:Kaku Shunrin; born February 2, 1992) is a Taiwanese professional baseball pitcher for the Uni-President Lions of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). He has previously played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Saitama Seibu Lions and in the CPBL for the Fubon Guardians. He attended the National Taiwan University of Physical Education and Sport.

National Taiwan University of Sport
The National Taiwan University of Sport (NTUS; Chinese: 國立臺灣體育運動大學) is a public university specialized in sports in Taichung, Taiwan, and a member of the National University System of Taiwan.

NTUS once been merged with the National College of Physical Education and Sports, as a National Taiwan Sport University, but did not success eventually. This was the first case that Taiwan merged universities failed.
Van Foreest
Van Foreest is the name of an aristocratic family that most probably originates from the region of Aachen, Germany, but is already found in the County of Holland in the 13th century. The family was already noble from earliest times ("Uradel"). In the early modern period, the family played a role in the city councils of Haarlem, Delft and Alkmaar. Members of the family are jonkheer.

Uradel
Uradel (German: [ʔuːɐ̯ˈʔaːdl̩], German: "ancient nobility"; adjective uradelig or uradlig) is a genealogical term introduced in late 18th-century Germany to distinguish those families whose noble rank can be traced to the 14th century or earlier. The word stands opposed to Briefadel, a term used for titles of nobility created in the early modern period or modern history by letters patent. Since the earliest known such letters were issued in the 14th century, those knightly families in northern European nobility whose noble rank predates these are designated Uradel.

Uradel and Briefadel families are generally further divided into categories with their ranks of titles: adlig (untitled nobility), freiherrlich (baronial), gräflich (comital), fürstlich (princely) and herzoglich (ducal) houses. The latter two are also referred to as Hochadel (High Nobility).
Zbigniew Kuźmiuk
Zbigniew Krzysztof Kuźmiuk (born 19 September 1956 in Komorowo) is a Polish politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Masovian Voivodeship with the Law and Justice party from 2004 to 2009, and again between 2014 and 2023. He was a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Budgets. Prior to 2006, Kuźmiuk was a leading member of the Polish People's Party.

Kuźmiuk was a substitute for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and a member of the Delegation to the EU-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee. He resigned from the European Parliament in 2023 and was replaced by Rafał Romanowski.

European Parliament Committee on Budgets
The Committee on Budgets (BUDG) is a committee of the European Parliament. It has 41 members plus 39 substitute members. The committee's current chair is Jean Arthuis, who has held this position since 7 July 2014.
Vasyl Prodan
Vasyl Prodan (Ukrainian: Василь Васильович Продан; born 15 March 1988) is a professional Ukrainian football midfielder who currently plays for FC Obolon-Brovar Kyiv in the Ukrainian First League.

Prodan is a product of the Odessa city football academies including Chornomorets and Spartak. He became noticeable during the 2015-16 Ukrainian First League season when he scored seven goals playing for Obolon-Brovar.

Ukrainian First League
The Persha Liha (Ukrainian: Перша ліга [ˈpɛrʃɐ ˈl⁽ʲ⁾iɦɐ]) or Ukrainian First League is a level of national football competitions (second tier) in Ukraine governed by the Professional Football League at the discretion of the Ukrainian Association of Football. Members of the league also participate in the Ukrainian Cup. The league is the intermediate level within the three-tiered "competition pyramid".
Normandy Grange
Normandy Grange is located along NY 9D north of Garrison, New York, United States. It is a Norman-style house and farm complex built in the early 20th century.

It was intended to be the gatehouse for Evans Dick's nearby Dick's Castle estate, which was never completed. He and his family lived there during construction of the castle, and found they liked it. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Hudson Highlands Multiple Resource Area.

Garrison, New York
Garrison is a hamlet in Putnam County, New York, United States. It is part of the town of Philipstown, on the east side of the Hudson River, across from the United States Military Academy at West Point. The Garrison Metro-North Railroad station serves the town. Garrison, which is also known as Garrison's Landing, was named after 2nd Lieutenant Isaac Garrison, who held a property lot on the Hudson River across from West Point and conducted a ferry service across the Hudson River between the two hamlets. Isaac and his son Beverly Garrison fought in the Battle of Fort Montgomery in 1777, were captured by the British and later set free.

The Garrison train wreck took place near Garrison on the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad on October 24, 1897, killing 20 people.
Ptychadena gansi
Ptychadena gansi is a species of frog in the family Ptychadenidae. It is endemic to Somalia.

Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Ptychadenidae
Ptychadenidae is a family of frogs commonly known as the grassland frogs. These frogs occur in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Ptychadenidae was previously considered to be a tribe or subfamily in the family Ranidae, but its position as a separate family is now well established.
CPU-bound
In computer science, a task, job or process is said to be CPU-bound (or compute-bound) when the time it takes for it to complete is determined principally by the speed of the central processor. The term can also refer to the condition a computer running such a workload is in, in which its processor utilization is high, perhaps at 100% usage for many seconds or minutes, and interrupts generated by peripherals may be processed slowly or be indefinitely delayed.

Peripheral
A peripheral  device, or simply peripheral, is an auxiliary hardware device that a computer uses to transfer information externally. A peripheral is a hardware component that is accessible to and controlled by a computer but is not a core component of the computer. It can communicate with a computer through wired or wireless connections. Many modern electronic devices, such as Internet-enabled digital watches, video game consoles, smartphones, and tablet computers, have interfaces for use as a peripheral.

Mouses and keyboards became the standard for computer peripheral input devices in the 1970s, while memory storage devices continued to be developed in new ways. Output devices, such as monitors, began as cathode rays, before switching to LCD monitors in the 1980s.
Wetherbee
Wetherbee is a surname, a variant of Weathersby. Notable people with the surname include:

Emily Greene Wetherbee (1839-1897), American poet, author and educator

Fritz Wetherbee (born 1936), American writer and television host

George Faulkner Wetherbee (1851–1920), American painter

Jim Wetherbee (born 1952), American astronaut

Emily Greene Wetherbee
Emily Greene Wetherbee (January 6, 1839 - August 28, 1897) was an American poet, author, and educator. Today, she is best remembered by the elementary/middle school named after her, The Emily G. Wetherbee School in Lawrence, MA.
Rustam Totrov
Rustam Stanislavovich Totrov (Russian: Рустам Станиславович Тотров; born 15 July 1984) is a Russian Greco-Roman wrestler. He won the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's Greco-Roman 96 kg category.

Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 96 kg
Men's Greco-Roman 96 kilograms competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place on 7 August at ExCeL London.
This Greco-Roman wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consists of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scores more points in each round is the winner of that rounds; the bout ends when one wrestler has won two rounds (and thus the match).
Presidential Guard (South Vietnam)
The Presidential Guard (Vietnamese: Lữ đoàn Liên binh phòng vệ Tổng Thống Phủ Chữ Hán: 旅團聯兵防衛總統府) was a military unit of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) that was assigned to personally protect the President of the Republic of Vietnam, the nation-state that existed from 1955 to 1975. This force formed the bulwark of defences against continual coups, preventing previous coups against Ngo Dinh Diem, and would be maintained to prevent further coups in the wake of political instability following it.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
Mount Choqa
Mount Choqa (also known as ጮቄ ተራራ (in Ge'ez) Ch'ok'e Terara and Mount Birhan) at 4,100 metres (13,451 ft), is one of the highest mountains of Debay Telategn Gojjam, a region of Ethiopia located south of Lake Tana. The mountain and its surrounding area lacks forests, and its slopes are cultivated up to an elevation of 3,000 meters above sea level.

Debay Telatgen
Debay Telatgen is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Gojjam Zone, Debay Telatgen is bordered on the extreme south by Dejen, on the southwest by Awabel, on the west by Sinan, on the northwest by Bibugn, on the north by Hulet Ej Enese, on the northeast by Enarj Enawga, and on the east by Enemay. The major town in Debay Telatgen is Kuyi.

This woreda was selected as one of the areas for Agri-Service Ethiopia to develop an Integrated Rural Development Program in 1987. This Program assisted 10,000 heads of households with agricultural production and problems caused by overgrazing.
Dot planimeter
A dot planimeter is a device used in planimetrics for estimating the area of a shape, consisting of a transparent sheet containing a square grid of dots. To estimate the area of a shape, the sheet is overlaid on the shape and the dots within the shape are counted. The estimate of area is the number of dots counted multiplied by the area of a single grid square. In some variations, dots that land on or near the boundary of the shape are counted as half of a unit. The dots may also be grouped into larger square groups by lines drawn onto the transparency, allowing groups that are entirely within the shape to be added to the count rather than requiring their dots to be counted one by one.

The estimation of area by means of a dot grid has also been called the dot grid method or (particularly when the alignment of the grid with the shape is random) systematic sampling. Perhaps because of its simplicity, it has been repeatedly reinvented.

Shape
A shape is a graphical representation of an object's form or its external boundary, outline, or external surface. It is distinct from other object properties, such as color, texture, or material type.
In geometry, shape excludes information about the object's position, size, orientation and chirality.
A figure is a representation including both shape and size (as in, e.g., figure of the Earth).

A plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a plane, in contrast to solid 3D shapes.
A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved surface (a two-dimensional space).
USS Meredith
Four United States Navy ships have borne the name Meredith, in honor of Jonathan Meredith.

USS Meredith (DD-165), was a Wickes-class destroyer commissioned in 1919 and scrapped in 1936

USS Meredith (DD-434), was a Gleaves-class destroyer commissioned 1 March 1941 and sunk 15 October 1942

USS Meredith (DD-726), was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer commissioned 14 March 1944 and sunk 9 June 1944

USS Meredith (DD-890), was a Gearing-class destroyer commissioned 31 December 1945 and transferred to Turkey in 1979

USS Meredith (DD-726)
USS Meredith (DD-726), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Jonathan Meredith, a Marine sergeant who saved the life of Lieutenant John Trippe of Vixen, during the Barbary Wars.

Meredith was laid down on 26 July 1943 by Bath Iron Works Corporation, Bath, Maine; launched on 21 December 1943, sponsored by Mrs. William Kopper; and commissioned on 14 March 1944.
Leopard darter
The leopard darter (Percina pantherina) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is native to the United States, where it can be found only in the Little River drainage in Oklahoma and Arkansas. Its typical habitat is medium to large streams with rubble and boulder substrate. It feeds on small invertebrates on the riverbed and spawns mainly in March and April. It is threatened by impoundment, habitat loss and runoff from agricultural activities. It has never been a common species and has been listed as a threatened species in the United States since 1978, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists it as a "vulnerable species".

Perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from Greek: πέρκη, romanized: perke, meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

Many species of freshwater game fish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater-dwelling red drum (which belongs to a different order Acanthuriformes) is often referred to as a "red perch", though by definition perch are freshwater species. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae.

The earliest fossil remains of Perca are known from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine.
1851 New York state election
The 1851 New York state election was held on November 4, 1851, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the State Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

New York State Comptroller
The New York state  comptroller is an elected constitutional officer of the U.S. state of New York and head of the New York state government's Department of Audit and Control. Sixty-one individuals have held the office of State Comptroller since statehood. The incumbent is Thomas DiNapoli, a Democrat.
Vitasoy
Vitasoy International Holdings Limited (Chinese: 維他奶) is a Hong Kong beverage company. It hosts a brand of beverages and desserts named Vita. Founded in 1940, it is based in Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Vitasoy products were centred on the high-protein soy milk drink that the company first produced. Over the years the company expanded into a wider variety of beverages. Some of them (such as fruit juice, milk, tea, soft drinks, water, and tofu) under the "Vita" brand.

Vitaland Services Limited was founded in 1991. It specialises in the operation of the tuck shops in Hong Kong primary and secondary schools and the canteen business. "Vitasoy" also established "Hong Kong Gourmet" in 2001 to provide catering services to primary and secondary schools, and meetings.

Tofu
Tofu (Japanese: 豆腐, Hepburn: Tōfu; Korean: 두부; RR: dubu, Chinese: 豆腐; pinyin: dòufu) or bean curd is a food prepared by pressing the curds of coagulated soy milk into solid white blocks of varying softness: silken, soft, firm, and extra (or super) firm.

It originated in China and has been consumed for over 2,000 years. Tofu is a traditional component of many East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines; in modern Western cooking, it is often used as a meat substitute.

Nutritionally, tofu is low in calories, while providing a rich source of protein. Cultivation of tofu has one of the lowest needs for land use (1.3 m2/ 1000 kcal) and emits some of the lowest amounts of greenhouse gas emissions per gram of edible protein of any food (1.6 kg CO2/ 100 g protein).
Babylon Bend Bridge
The Babylon Bend Bridge is one of nine metal highway bridges in Fulton County, Illinois listed on the National Register of Historic Places and still standing. This bridge was built in 1890 over the Spoon River and is located along Illinois Route 123 near Ellisville. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1980, along with the eight other bridges, as one of the "Metal Highway Bridges of Fulton County. Some of the other bridges included the now demolished Duncan Mills Bridge in Lewistown and the Indian Ford Bridge in London Mills, Illinois. In total, six of the nine bridges have been destroyed.

Fulton County, Illinois
Fulton County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 33,609. Its county seat is Lewistown, and the largest city is Canton. Fulton County comprises the Canton, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Peoria-Canton, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Haplogroup L4
Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a small maternal clade primarily restricted to Africa.

L4 is important in East Africa. The highest frequencies are in Tanzania among the Hadza at 60-83% and Sandawe at 48%.

It has two branches, L4a and L4b. Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3'4'7. It has  been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008).
The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66 kya.  
L4 is not much later than this, estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al. (2015).

Sandawe people
The Sandawe are an indigenous ethnic group of Southeast Africa, based in the Chemba District kwamtoro ward of Dodoma Region in central Tanzania. In 2000, the Sandawe population was estimated to be 40,000.

The Sandawe language is a tonal language that uses click consonants, as do the Khoe languages of southern Africa.
Stars (Superfly & Tortoise Matsumoto song)
"STARS" is a song by Superfly and Tortoise Matsumoto. The first new single from Superfly in nearly a year and her first collaboration since "I Spy I Spy" with JET.

Shiho Ochi of Superfly stated at one point that she always wanted to work with Tortoise Matsumoto of Ulfuls, and when Matsumoto was given the offer to write the theme song for Fuji Television's coverage of the 2012 Summer Olympics, he contacted Ochi to perform a duet with him. The song's theme is "universal love" to match with the global community of the Olympic Games.

In the Oricon's weekly ranking, "STARS" debuted at 15, and on the Japan Hot 100, it peaked at the number 5 spot.

Ulfuls
Ulfuls (ウルフルズ, Urufuruzu) is a Japanese rock band from Osaka. The band name Ulfuls is derived from a misreading of the word "soulful," found on the cover of one of the band members' favorite records. They were signed by Toshiba-EMI in 1992, but after 15 years they transferred to Warner Music Group.