hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Torsion conjecture
In algebraic geometry and number theory, the torsion conjecture or uniform boundedness conjecture for torsion points for abelian varieties states that the order of the torsion group of an abelian variety over a number field can be bounded in terms of the dimension of the variety and the number field. A stronger version of the conjecture is that the torsion is bounded in terms of the dimension of the variety and the degree of the number field. The torsion conjecture has been completely resolved in the case of elliptic curves.

Dimension of an algebraic variety
In mathematics and specifically in algebraic geometry, the dimension of an algebraic variety may be defined in various equivalent ways.

Some of these definitions are of geometric nature, while some other are purely algebraic and rely on commutative algebra. Some are restricted to algebraic varieties while others apply also to any algebraic set. Some are intrinsic, as independent of any embedding of the variety into an affine or projective space, while other are related to such an embedding.
NVR, Inc.
NVR, Inc. is an American company engaged in home construction headquartered in Reston, Virginia. It also operates a mortgage banking and title services business. The company primarily operates on the East Coast of the United States, but its operations encompass 14 states as well as Washington, D.C. In 2021, 22% of the company's revenue was from the Washington metropolitan area.

NVR operates under the Ryan Homes, NVHomes, and Heartland Homes brands. The company typically does not engage in land development; it acquires finished land lots that are ready for building, which the company believes mitigates risk. As of 2023, the company is the 4th largest home construction company in the United States based on the number of homes closed. It is ranked 389th on the 2022 Fortune 500.

The company's stock price is the second most expensive on U.S. exchanges, behind only Berkshire Hathaway's Class A shares.

Land development
Land development is the alteration of landscape in any number of ways, such as:

Changing landforms from a natural or semi-natural state for a purpose such as agriculture or housing

Subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes

Real estate development or changing its purpose, for example by converting an unused factory complex into a condominium
2008 Camping World RV 400
The 2008 Camping World RV 400, was the twenty-eighth race of the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup season and the second race in the ten-race Chase for the Sprint Cup. The 400 miles (640 km) race was held on Sunday, September 21 at the 1 mile (1.6 km) Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware, the city that serves as state capital of the First State. ABC telecast the race beginning at 1 PM US EDT and MRN along with Sirius Satellite Radio provided radio coverage starting at 1:15 PM US EDT.

Sirius Satellite Radio
Sirius Satellite Radio was a satellite radio (SDARS) service that operated in the United States and Canada. Sirius launched in 2002, and primarily competed with XM Satellite Radio, until the two services merged in 2008 to form Sirius XM.

Like XM, Sirius offered pay-for-service radio for a monthly subscription fee, analogous to the business model of cable television. Its music channels were presented without commercial advertising, while its talk channels carried commercials. Its content was not subject to the same FCC content regulation as terrestrial radio, which allowed both music and talk broadcasts to include explicit content. Sirius channels were identified by Nielsen Audio with the label "SR" (e.g. "SR120", "SR9", "SR17").

Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. was headquartered in New York City, and operated smaller studios in Los Angeles and Memphis.
ArduCopter
ArduPilot:Copter previously named APM:Copter or ArduCopter is the multicopter unmanned aerial vehicle version of the open-source ArduPilot autopilot platform.

The free software approach from ArduCopter is similar to that of the Paparazzi Project and PX4 autopilot where low cost and availability enables its hobbyist use in small remotely piloted aircraft such as micro air vehicles and miniature UAVs.

Original Unboxing ArduCopter by Chris Anderson by Jani Hirvinen and his team at DIYDrones was released in August 2010.

ArduPilot
ArduPilot is an autopilot software program that can control multirotor drones, fixed-wing and VTOL aircraft, RC helicopters, ROVs, ground rovers, boats, submarines, uncrewed surface vessels (USVs), AntennaTrackers and blimps. It is published as open source software under the GNU GPL version 3.

ArduPilot was originally developed by hobbyists to control model aircraft and rovers and has evolved into a full-featured and reliable autopilot used by industry, research organisations, amateurs, and militaries.
Lucas Pavanato
Lucas Pavanato de Oliveira (born 12 May 1998) is a Brazilian politician and Internet personality serving as a member of the Municipal Chamber of São Paulo since 2025. He was the most voted candidate in the country in the 2024 municipal elections. As of 2025, he has 2 million followers on Instagram and TikTok, and 1 million followers on YouTube. He was a candidate for the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo in the 2022 election, and became a substitute. He has been a member of the Liberal Party since 2023.

Legislative Assembly of São Paulo
The Legislative Assembly of the State of São Paulo (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo) is the unicameral legislative branch of São Paulo state in Brazil. The building where the legislative assembly is located, right by the main park of the city, also houses one of six Poupatempo units in the city.
The Education of Pan
The Education of Pan is a lost c.1490 tempera on canvas painting by Luca Signorelli. It was in the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum in Berlin but was moved to the Flakturm Friedrichshain during the Second World War. There it was destroyed in a fire in May 1945 just after the end of the war.

It was the most significant commission by Lorenzo the Magnificent and was described by Giorgio Vasari as a painting of "nude gods" painted for him by Signorelli. It was recorded at the Palazzo Pitti in 1687 and then moved to the Palazzo Corsi near San Gaetano in 1865.

The painting appears in Lina Waterfield's autobiography Castle in Italy, where she claims that ownership of the painting passed through her family in the late 19th Century before ending up in the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum (later the Bode Museum) in Germany.: 39

Flak tower
Flak towers (German: Flaktürme) were large, above-ground, anti-aircraft gun blockhouse towers constructed by Nazi Germany. "Flak" is short for anti-aircraft gun in German: Flugabwehrkanone. There were eight flak tower complexes in the cities of Berlin (three), Hamburg (two), and Vienna (three) from 1940. Other cities that used flak towers included Stuttgart and Frankfurt. Smaller single-purpose flak towers were built at outlying German strongpoints, such as at Angers in France and Heligoland in Germany.

The towers were operated by the Luftwaffe to defend against Allied strategic air raids against these cities during World War II. They also served as air-raid shelters for tens of thousands of local civilians.
Wade Istchenko
Wade Istchenko is a Canadian politician, who was elected to in the Yukon Legislative Assembly in the 2011, 2016 and 2021 elections. A former cabinet minister, he currently represents the rural Yukon district of Kluane as a member of the opposition Yukon Party caucus.

Yukon Liberal Party
The Yukon Liberal Party (French: Parti libéral du Yukon) is a political party in the territory of Yukon, Canada. The party is not organizationally linked to the federal Liberal Party of Canada in any official manner.
Bolesław of Oleśnica
Bolesław of Oleśnica (Polish: Bolesław oleśnicki; c. 1295 – before 23 April 1321), was a Duke of Żagań, Ścinawa, etc., during 1309–1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), Duke of Oleśnica, Namysłów, Gniezno and Kalisz during 1312–1313 (with his brother as co-ruler), Duke of Gniezno during 1313–1314 (alone) and sole Duke of Oleśnica from 1313 to his death.

He was the third son of Henry III (I), Duke of Głogów, by his wife Matilda, daughter of Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Ścinawa
Ścinawa (Polish pronunciation: [ɕt͡ɕiˈnava] ⓘ; German: Steinau an der Oder) is a town and municipality on the Oder river in the Lower Silesian region of Poland. The Ścinawa train station is a key gateway for travel throughout the region, connecting major destinations such as Wrocław and Głogów. As of 2019, the town's population is 5,582. It is part of Lubin County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, and is the seat of the municipality called Gmina Ścinawa.
Summernights
Summernights (released in some countries as: Golden Girls) is a 1977 album by German euro-disco group Silver Convention, which at the time consisted of vocalists Penny McLean, Ramona Wolf and Rhonda Heath, along with producer-songwriters Michael Kunze (aka Stephan Prager) and Sylvester Levay.

Penny McLean
Gertrude Wirschinger (born 4 November 1948), better known as Penny McLean, is an Austrian vocalist who initially gained acclaim with the disco music act Silver Convention, but also had exposure as a single recording artist. As a solo singer, she is most remembered for her million seller "Lady Bump". She is also an author.
Ray Barker (baseball)
Raymond Herrell "Buddy" Barker (March 12, 1936 – May 29, 2018) was an American Major League Baseball first baseman who played in all or parts of four seasons for the Baltimore Orioles in 1960, the Cleveland Indians in 1965, and the New York Yankees from 1965 to 1967.  Barker stood 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, weighed 192 pounds (87 kg), batted left-handed and threw right-handed as an active player.

Although Barker only played 192 games at the Major League level, with 68 hits in 318 at bats, he was an accomplished Triple-A player during his minor-league career, appearing for the Vancouver Mounties, Jacksonville Suns, Rochester Red Wings, Portland Beavers and Syracuse Chiefs and never failing to reach double digits in home runs. He retired after the 1967 campaign.

Barker died on May 29, 2018, at the age of 82.

Portland Beavers
The Portland Beavers was the name of separate minor league baseball teams, which represented Portland, Oregon, in the Pacific Coast League (PCL). The team was established in 1903, the first year of the PCL.
Huaröd
Huaröd is a locality situated in Kristianstad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 242 inhabitants in 2010.

The village itself is located on Linderödsåsen about 30 kilometres south of Kristianstad and about 15 km from the coast.

Katja Geiger (Katja of Sweden), Carl-Adam Nycop, Mats Rondin and Geoff Bunn are some public figures who have chosen to live in Huaröd. It is also home to a chamber orchestra.

Kristianstad
Kristianstad (UK: /ˈkrɪstʃənstɑːd/ KRIS-chən-stahd, Swedish: [krɪˈɧǎnːsta] ⓘ or [-stɑːd]) is a city and the seat of Kristianstad Municipality, Scania County, Sweden with 41,198 inhabitants in 2023. Since the 1990s, the city has gone from being a garrison town to a developed commercial city, focusing on nature preservation and a food profile.
Minworth Greaves
Minworth Greaves is a timber cruck-framed, Grade II listed building in Bournville, an area of Birmingham, England. It is thought to date from the 14th-century or earlier, possibly as early as 1250. It is owned by the Bournville Village Trust. Minworth Greaves is situated next to Selly Manor, and is run as part of Selly Manor Museum. It was originally built in Minworth, near Sutton Coldfield to the North of Birmingham. After falling into extreme disrepair, it was purchased by George Cadbury and re-built by Laurence Cadbury in 1932 in the grounds of Selly Manor.

Cruck
A cruck or crook frame is a curved timber, one of a pair, which support the roof of a building, historically used in England and Wales. This type of timber framing consists of long, generally naturally curved, timber members that lean inwards and form the ridge of the roof. These posts are then generally secured by a horizontal beam which then forms an "A" shape. Several of these "crooks" are constructed on the ground and then lifted into position. They are then joined together by either solid walls or cross beams which aid in preventing 'racking' (the action of each individual frame going out of square with the rest of the frame, and thus risking collapse).
Native American Church
The Native American Church (NAC), also known as Peyotism and Peyote Religion, is a syncretic Native American religion that teaches a combination of traditional Native American beliefs and elements of Christianity, especially pertaining to some of the Ten Commandments, with sacramental use of the entheogen peyote. The religion originated in the Oklahoma Territory (1890–1907) in the late nineteenth century, after peyote was introduced to the southern Great Plains from Mexico. Today, it is the most widespread indigenous religion among Native Americans in the United States (except Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians), Canada (specifically First Nations people in Saskatchewan and Alberta), and Mexico, with an estimated 300,000 adherents.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
Kampong Kasat
Kampong Kasat is a village in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south of the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The population was 1,029 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Lumapas.

Villages of Brunei
A village (Malay: kampung or kampong) is the third and lowest administrative division of Brunei. It is headed by a village head (ketua kampung). Several villages are grouped together to form a mukim. A village is generally the traditional rural settlement, in particular in the sense of a kampong or Malay traditional village, but it may also be an urbanised settlement within or near the capital city or a town, or part of the public housing estates. The population varies from hundreds to a few thousands.
Chrysanthus and Daria
Saints Chrysanthus and Daria (3rd century – 283 AD) were saints of the Early Christian period. Their names appear in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, an early martyrs list, and a church in their honour was built over their reputed grave in Rome.

Numerian
Numerian (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus; died November 284) was Roman emperor from 283 to 284 with his older brother Carinus. They were sons of Carus, a general raised to the office of praetorian prefect under Emperor Probus in 282.
Kato Olympos
Kato Olympos (Greek: Κάτω Όλυμπος, lit. 'Lower Olympos') is a municipal unit in the Tempi municipality, within the regional unit of Larissa, in the historical and administrative region of Thessaly, Greece. Kato Olympos has, as of 2021, a population of 3,196 inhabitants. The municipal unit has an area of 128.462 km2 (49.599 sq mi). The seat of the municipal unit is located in Pyrgetos, the largest of its four 'Local Communities' (τοπική κοινότητα):

Pyrgetos (Πυργετός; population 1,373)

Aigani (Αιγάνη; population 1,021)

Rapsani (Ραψάνη; population 505)

Krania  (Κρανιά; population 297)

Kato Olympos contains on the southernmost faces of the foothills of Mt. Olympos and most of the Pineios river delta where the river enters the Thermaikos Gulf. The municipal unit also contains the northern half of the Vale of Tempi a narrow gorge formed by the Pineios which was the site of an important battle during the Second World War.

Battle of Tempe Gorge
The Battle of Tempe Gorge, also known as the Battle of Pinios Gorge, was a rearguard action fought by Australian and New Zealand troops during the German invasion of Greece on 18 April 1941. The battle was fought amidst the advance of German forces through central Greece, and saw a brigade-sized element dubbed "Anzac Force" fight a delaying action against elements of two German divisions, supported by armoured forces. During a day of hard fighting, the defending Anzacs suffered heavy casualties and were forced back from the gorge, but their stand allowed other Allied forces to withdraw through Larissa, and afterwards a new defensive position was established around Thermopylae.
Pat McGrath (journalist)
Pat McGrath (born 1975) is an Irish journalist. He has worked as the Western correspondent for RTÉ News since 2012.

McGrath began his broadcasting career with local radio station Clare FM in 1994. Five years later he made the move to national radio when he joined RTÉ as a journalist with RTÉ lyric fm in Limerick, before joining RTÉ 2fm in 2002 as a reporter with the Newsbeat programme. McGrath subsequently worked on the flagship Morning Ireland programme.

RTÉ 2fm
RTÉ 2fm, or 2FM as it is more commonly referred to, is an Irish radio station operated by RTÉ. The station specialises in current popular music and chart hits and  is the second national radio station in Ireland.
Solco-Urovac
Solco-Urovac (vaginal suppository), also known as Strovac (parenteral), is a vaccine against urinary tract infections (UTIs). It contains 10 strains of bacteria known to cause UTIs, including four strains of Escherichia coli as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus morganii, and Enterococcus faecalis. The vaccine is administered weekly for 3 weeks, with an optional monthly booster for 3 months.

Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

Routes of administration are generally classified by the  location at which the substance is applied.  Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is.  Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but is delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Route of administration and dosage form are aspects of drug delivery.
Gonghe Qinghaihu Airport
Gonghe Qinghaihu Airport (Chinese: 共和青海湖机场) is an under-construction airport located in Gonghe county of Hainan Prefecture in Qinghai Province of Northwestern China. Gonghe Qinghaihu Airport is about to operate in 2025.

Northwestern China
Northwestern China (Chinese: 中国西北地区) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.

The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant ethnic minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road.
Robin Fitton
Edwin Robin Fitton (5 April 1928 - 2 May 1970) was a British professional motorcycle racer. He competed in Grand Prix motorcycle racing from 1964 to 1969.

Fitton was born in Leeds, England, on April 5, 1928, and attended school at Aireborough, just north of Leeds. At the age of 16 he acquired his first motorcycle, a BSA Sloper. He began competing in motorcycle trials until a visit to Cadwell Park convinced him to beging competing in road racing. He studied civil engineering at University of Bradford. By 1947, he was racing a 1931 Montgomery-JAP at Cadwell Park. He also competed in grasstrack competitions.

His best season was in 1968 when he finished the year in fourth place in the 500cc world championship. Fitton was killed at the Nürburgring during practice for the 1970 West German Grand Prix.

Montgomery Motorcycles
Montgomery Motorcycles was a pioneering British motorcycle manufacturer. Originally based in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, following the First World War manufacturing was moved to Coventry. Its founder William Montgomery was an innovator and is credited with the invention of the sidecar. Like Brough, Montgomery made use of the best proprietary components from other specialist companies and concentrated on the production of frames and forks in-house - and Montgomery supplied a number of frames and its own sprung fork to George Brough.  In an advert from the time, Montgomery claimed "These Montgomery machines are for the men who prefer a distinctive mount in appearance and performance. That extra degree of soundness – those little touches which distinguish the 'super' machine from the mere motorcycle, come naturally to the Montgomery and at a price that is amazingly low."
Dick Vest
Dick Vest (1897-1974) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s and 1920s . An Australian international and New South Wales interstate representative three-quarter back, he played in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership for Sydney's Western Suburbs club.

New South Wales rugby league team
The New South Wales rugby league team has represented the Australian state of New South Wales in rugby league football since the sport's beginnings there in 1907. Also known as the Blues due to their sky blue jerseys, the team competes in the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. The team is currently coached by Laurie Daley and captained by Isaah Yeo, and is administered by the New South Wales Rugby League.

Prior to 1980 when the "state of origin" selection criteria was introduced, the New South Wales team, in addition to playing annually against Queensland, played matches against foreign touring sides and occasionally toured overseas themselves. Their home stadium is  Accor Stadium in Sydney, the largest stadium in the state, having been constructed for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Hugh R. Miller
Hugh Reid Miller (May 14, 1812 – July 19, 1863) was an American lawyer who served as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1842 to 1844. Miller was mortally wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg on the third day (July 3, 1863) while in temporary command of Joseph R. Davis' brigade.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
François van Hoobrouck d'Aspre
François van Hoobrouck d'Aspre (21 January 1934 – 19 August 2020) was a Belgian politician and baron. He was a popular figure in the Union des Francophones of the electoral district of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde, and served as Burgomaster of Wezembeek-Oppem from 1994 to 2006.

Burgomaster
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, lit. 'master of the town/borough/fortress/citizens') is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch burgemeester.

In some cases, burgomaster was the title of the head of state and head of government of a sovereign (or partially or de facto sovereign) city-state, sometimes combined with other titles, such as Hamburg's First Mayor and President of the Senate). Contemporary titles are commonly translated into English as mayor.