hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matthew A. McGee
Matthew A. McGee (December 1890 - October 28, 1949) was an American jockey born and raised in Covington, Kentucky who rode Durbar to victory in the 1914 Epsom Derby, England's most prestigious race, for Herman B. Duryea. Based in France his other winners for Duryea included the 1913 French 1000 Guineas (the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches) on Banshee. Afterwards he rode for several years for Baron Edouard de Rothschild up to 1927.

Note that his name is frequently misspelled as "MacGee" in European records, including the Media Guide for the Epsom Derby and on a 1923 sports card. His temporary licenses to ride in England were issued in the name of "Matthew A MacGee" and later "Mathew A MacGee".

Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild
Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild (24 February 1868 – 30 June 1949), also known as Baron Édouard de Rothschild was an aristocrat,  French financier and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France.
Chalmers Hadley
Chalmers Hadley (September 3, 1872 – May 11, 1958) was an American librarian and educator. Hadley served as librarian of Denver Public Library from 1911 to 1924 and the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County from 1924 to 1945.

He was president of the American Library Association from 1919 to 1920.

Denver Public Library
The Denver Public Library is the public library system of the City and County of Denver, Colorado. The system includes the Denver Central Library, located in the Golden Triangle district of Downtown Denver, as well as 28 branch locations and two bookmobiles. The library's collection totals more than 2 million items, including books, reference materials, movies, music, and photographs. Of that total, more than 347,000 items are in specific collections including the Special Collections and Archives, Blair-Caldwell African American Research Library, and Reference Department holdings.
Greek fire
Greek fire was an incendiary weapon system used by the Byzantine Empire from the seventh to the fourteenth centuries. The recipe for Greek fire was a closely-guarded state secret; historians have variously speculated that it was based on saltpeter, sulfur, or quicklime, but most modern scholars agree that it was based on petroleum mixed with resins, comparable in composition to modern napalm. Byzantine sailors would toss grenades loaded with Greek fire onto enemy ships or spray it from tubes. Its ability to burn on water made it an effective and destructive naval incendiary weapon, and rival powers tried unsuccessfully to copy the material.

Tactica of Emperor Leo VI the Wise
The Tactica (Greek: Τακτικά) is a military treatise written by or on behalf of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise in c. 895–908, and later edited by his son, Constantine VII. Drawing on earlier authors such as Aelian, Onasander and the Strategikon of emperor Maurice, it is one of the major works on Byzantine military tactics, written on the eve of Byzantium's "age of reconquest". The original Greek title is τῶν ἐν πολέμοις τακτικῶν σύντομος παράδοσις ("short instruction of the tactics of war"). The Tactica elaborates on a wide variety of issues, such as infantry and cavalry formations, drills, siege and naval warfare etc. It is written in a legislative form of language and comprises 20 Constitutions (Διατάξεις Diataxeis) and an Epilogue and is concluded by 12 additional chapters, the latter mainly focusing on ancient tactics.
Jamshedpur Golf Courses
The Jamshedpur Golf Course in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand state, India, comprises two golf courses - the Beldih Golf Course and the Golmuri Golf Course. It is on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, surrounded by dense forests and hills, and is bordered from east to west by the Dalma Hills. These golf courses have been developed with the participation of the Tata Group.

Tata Group
The Tata Group (/ˈtɑːtɑː/) is an Indian  multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Established in 1868, it is India's largest business conglomerate.

Tata Group comprises numerous affiliate companies, with Tata Sons as the holding company and promoter. As of August 2025, there are 29 publicly listed affiliate companies, with a combined market capitalisation of ₹37.84 trillion (US$446 billion).
Larry Banks (athlete)
Larry Banks is a paralympic athlete from the United States competing mainly in category C5 sprint events.

Larry competed in the 100m in both the 1992 and 1996 Summer Paralympics winning the gold medal in a new world record in the 1992 games and being disqualified in the 1996 games.

1992 Summer Paralympics
The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Spanish: Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, Madrid.
Addormentarmi così
"Addormentarmi così" is a 1948 song written by the Italian lyricist Ornella Ferrari, to music by Vittorio Mascheroni for the singer Lidia Martorana with an arrangement of Pippo Barzizza.  The lyrics begin: «Addormentarmi così/ fra le tue braccia/ mentre tu mi baci /mi baci sempre più...».

The song is considered an Italian classic and was covered by dozens of artists, including Adriano Celentano, Teddy Reno, Gigliola Cinquetti, Luciano Tajoli, Betty Curtis, Flo Sandon's, Lara Saint Paul. It was introduced to an American audience by Frankie Laine in 1958 in his first album with Michel Legrand, A Foreign Affair.

Michel Legrand
Michel Jean Legrand (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl ləɡʁɑ̃]; 24 February 1932 – 26 January 2019) was a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, jazz pianist, and singer. Legrand was a prolific composer, having written more than 200 film and television scores, in addition to many songs. His scores for two of the films of French New Wave director Jacques Demy, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) and The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967), earned Legrand his first Academy Award nominations. Legrand won his first Oscar for the song "The Windmills of Your Mind" from The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), and additional Oscars for Summer of '42 (1971) and Barbra Streisand's Yentl (1983).
Alonim
Alonim (Hebrew: אַלּוֹנִים, lit. 'Oaks') is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2022 the kibbutz had a population of 552.

Feddan
A feddan (Arabic: فدّان, romanized: faddān) is a unit of area used in Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and Oman. In Classical Arabic, the word means 'a yoke of oxen', implying the area of ground that could be tilled by oxen in a certain time. In Egypt, the feddan is the only non-metric unit which remained in use following the adoption of the metric system. A feddan is divided into 24 kirat (Arabic: قيراط, qīrāt), with one kirat equalling 175 square metres.
V. Perumal
V. Perumal was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Saidapet constituency in the 2001 elections. He was a candidate of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party. Later he was died in 2001.

Saidapet Assembly constituency
Saidapet is a constituency of the legislative assembly of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It covers the city of Saidapet in Chennai district and forms a part of Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency for elections to the Parliament of India. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 23. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Former chief minister M Karunanidhi represented this.
Modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's
The women's modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held on 12 August. Three venues were used: the Copper Box (fencing), Aquatics Centre (swimming) and Greenwich Park (horse-riding and combined running and shooting).

Laura Asadauskaitė from Lithuania won the gold medal, breaking  an Olympic record with her final score of 5,408 points. Great Britain's Samantha Murray won silver, and fifth overall for the women's since 2000. Meanwhile, Yane Marques became Brazil's first Olympic medalist in modern pentathlon, taking the bronze. Belarus' Anastasiya Prokopenko set an Olympic record for the combined running and shooting event, with a time of 11:06.00, but finished only in sixth place.

Laura Asadauskaitė
Laura Asadauskaitė-Zadneprovskienė (born 28 February 1984) is a Lithuanian modern pentathlete. She is a two-time Olympic medallist, having won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London with an Olympic record score, as well as winning the silver in Tokyo at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She is a three-time European Champion (2012, 2015, 2016) and a World Champion in pentathlon, having claimed the title in 2013. She has been a member of the Seimas (Parliament of Lithuania) since 2024.
Safaabad
Safaabad (Persian: صفااباد, also Romanized as Şafāābād) is a village in Doab Rural District, Bazoft District, Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 254, in 44 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
The Saint in New York (film)
The Saint in New York is a 1938 American crime film, directed by Ben Holmes and adapted from Leslie Charteris's 1935 novel of the same name by Charles Kaufman and Mortimer Offner. After a police lieutenant is killed, the New York Police Department enlists gentleman criminal Simon Templar to fight criminal elements in the city.

Released by RKO Pictures, The Saint in New York marks the first screen appearance of Templar, also known as "The Saint". Louis Hayward stars as the title character, with Kay Sutton as his love interest. Alfred Hitchcock was initially discussed as a possible director for the film. This was the first of eight films in RKO's film series about The Saint. After being replaced in the series by George Sanders, Hayward would not play The Saint again until 1953 in Hammer Films production of The Saint's Return. There had not been a Saint film made in twelve  years.

Frederick Burton (actor)
Frederick Burton (October 20, 1871 – October 23, 1957) was an American actor. He appeared in 122 films between 1914 and 1947. Burton was born in Gosport, Indiana and died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles.
Outline of Seychelles
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Seychelles:

Seychelles – sovereign island nation located in the Indian Ocean and comprising, according to the Constitution, 155 islands of the Seychelles Archipelago, some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of mainland Africa and northeast of the Island of Madagascar. Other nearby island countries and territories include Zanzibar to the west, Mauritius and Réunion to the south, Comoros and Mayotte to the southwest, and the Suvadives of the Maldives to the northeast. Seychelles has the smallest population of any sovereign state of Africa.

United Suvadive Republic
The United Suvadive Republic (Dhivehi: އެކުވެރި ސުވާދީބު ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ) was a short-lived breakaway state from the Sultanate of Maldives that existed between 1958 and 1963, consisting of the three southern atolls of the Maldive archipelago: Addu Atoll, Huvadhu Atoll and Fuvahmulah. The first president of the nation was Abdulla Afeef Didi. The republic's secession occurred during the struggles of the Maldives’ emergence as a modern nation. The United Suvadive Republic inherited a Westminster system of governance cloned from the United Kingdom, along with other institutional structures.
4-AcO-EPT
4-AcO-EPT, also known as 4-acetoxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families related to 4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin). It is the acetate ester of 4-HO-EPT (eprocin) and is thought to act as a prodrug of 4-HO-EPT. Based on online anecdotal reports, 4-AcO-EPT is said to have a dose of 20 to 30 mg orally. It shows reduced affinity and agonistic potency at serotonin receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, compared to 4-HO-EPT. Similarly to 4-HO-EPT, 4-AcO-EPT produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents, and does so with comparable potency, in line with it being a prodrug. 4-AcO-EPT was encountered as a novel designer drug online in 2018, in Europe in 2020, and in the United States in 2021.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Linnea Regnander
Adina Linnea Birgitta Regnander (born 1 April 1993) is a Swedish runway model.

Regnander studied at Kunskapsgymnasiet in her native Västerås, where she lives; she has also spent periods living in Melbourne, Australia with her family.

She started working as a model with Stockholmsgruppen at the age of sixteen. She got her breakthrough in July 2010 when she did runway work for designer Valentino in Paris. Since then she has done runway work for designers like Calvin Klein, Gucci, Alexis Mabille, Miu Miu, Alexander Wang, Salvatore Ferragamo and Elie Saab.

Regnander has also done commercial jobs for the brands Uggs, H&M, Other Stories, Max Mara, Boomerang and GAP.

Gucci
Gucci officially Guccio Gucci S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house based in Florence, Tuscany. Its product lines include handbags, ready-to-wear, footwear, accessories, and home decoration; and it licenses its name and branding to Coty for fragrance and cosmetics under the name Gucci Beauty.

Gucci was founded in 1921 by Guccio Gucci (1881–1953) in Florence. Under the direction of Aldo Gucci (son of Guccio), Gucci became a global brand, and was considered emblematic of the Italian economic miracle. Following family feuds during the 1980s, the Gucci family was entirely ousted from the capital of the company by 1993. After this crisis, the brand was revived and in 1999 Gucci became a subsidiary of the French conglomerate PPR, which later renamed itself to Kering.

In 2024, Gucci operated 529 stores with 20,032 employees, and generated €7.65 billion in sales. Stefano Cantino has been CEO of Gucci since October 2024 and Demna creative director since March 2025.
Mandaree, North Dakota
Mandaree (Hidatsa: Adixoodagoorahareesh) is a census-designated place (CDP) in McKenzie County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 691 at the 2020 census, up from 596 in 2010.

Mandaree is located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation. It was founded in 1954 as a home for those displaced by the rising backwaters of the Garrison Dam on the Missouri River. The name was suggested by a Catholic missionary on the reservation and is a portmanteau of the names of the three tribes: MANdan, HiDAtsa, and REE, another name for the Arikara.

Mandaree is the primary physical center of the Mandan-Hidatsa community. It is noted nationally for its annual Pow-wow, held the third weekend in July, as well as for being the home of the Mandaree Singers, a tribal musical group.

Powwow
A powwow (also pow wow or pow-wow) is a gathering with dances held by many Native American and Canadian First Nations communities. Inaugurated in 1923, powwows today are an opportunity for Indigenous people to socialize, dance, sing, and honor their cultures. Powwows may be private or public, indoors or outdoors. Dancing events can be competitive with monetary prizes. Powwows vary in length from single-day to weeklong events.

In mainstream American culture, such as 20th-century Western movies or by military personnel, the term powwow was used to refer to any type of meeting. This usage is now considered by some Native Americans to be an offensive case of appropriation because of the cultural significance powwows hold.
Ernest I
Ernest I or Ernst I can refer to:

Ernest I, Duke of Swabia (reigned 1012–15)

Ernest I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (died 1516)

Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1497–1546), Ernest the Confessor

Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg (1601–1675), Ernest the Pious

Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1784–1844), father of Prince Albert, the consort of Queen Victoria

Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1794–1860)

Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1688–1748)

Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1681–1724)

Ernest Günther I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1609–1689)

Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1672–1724)

Ernest Gunther I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Ernest Günther I of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (14 October 1609 – 18 January 1689) was a Duke of Schleswig-Holstein of its Sonderburg line. He was the first to have his ducal seat in Augustenborg Palace, which he built and named in honor of his wife. He ruled from 1647 until his death in 1689.
Hans Jörg Mammel
Hans Jörg Mammel (born in Stuttgart) is a German tenor in opera and concert.

Mammel received his first musical training as a member of the boys' choir Stuttgarter Hymnus-Chorknaben. After aborting legal studies, he studied at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg with Winfried Toll, Werner Hollweg and Ingeborg Most. After several master classes in Europe, Mammel collaborated with conductors such as Thomas Hengelbrock, Markus Teutschbein, Marcus Creed and Philippe Herreweghe. Mammel's repertoire includes major concert works and operas including song cycles and contemporary music. He has participated in premieres of works by Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Mammel sang among others the title role of Monteverdi's L'Orfeo in Iceland. He was a guest artist at the Theater Freiburg, the Theater Koblenz and the Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin. In 2008 Mammel performed the title role in Mozart's La clemenza di Tito at the Opéra de Normandie in Rouen.

Theater Koblenz
The Theater Koblenz is a multi-arts theatre with its own ensembles for drama, music theatre, puppetry and ballet located in Koblenz, Germany. It has about 190 permanent employees from 22 nations and offers 500 seats in a theatre building from the 18th century not far from the Electoral Palace. The manager until the end of the 2024/2025 season is Markus Dietze. Venues include the Theater am Deinhardplatz, rehearsal stages 2 and 4 as well as the Festung Ehrenbreitstein for the summer performances. In addition, the theatre participated in the Koblenz Fortress Plays for several years. In the 2009/2010 season, it was renamed from Theater der Stadt Koblenz to its current name.

Since 1970, the Clemensbrunnen has stood on Deinhardplatz in front of the theatre.
Ups (debugger)
Ups is an open source source-level debugger developed in the late 1980s for Unix and Unix-like systems, originally developed at the University of Kent by Mark Russell.  It supports C and C++, and Fortran on some platforms.  The last beta release was in 2003.

Unlike more popular debugger stacks for modern Unix platforms, ups is completely self-contained — not merely a graphical front-end to lower-level debuggers like gdb (although some work has been done to make ups usable in that way).  The ups user interface is built directly upon the X Window System and SunView, i.e. it does not use an intermediate widget toolkit such as Motif or GTK+.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
English Plus
English Plus is an American language plurality movement formed in reaction to the English-only movement.  The intent was to promote greater acceptance of language diversity in the United States in order to encourage a broader American cultural development and more international perspectives.  This would be achieved by encouraging education in English as well as secondary languages across the entire population, for immigrants and natives alike.  This movement has been supported by language education professionals and minority language advocacy groups.

"English Plus" resolutions have been passed in the U.S. states of New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington.

Minority language
A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory. Such people are termed linguistic minorities or language minorities. With a total number of 196 sovereign states recognized internationally (as of 2019) and an estimated number of roughly 5,000 to 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, the vast majority of languages are minority languages in every country in which they are spoken. Some minority languages are simultaneously also official languages, such as Irish in Ireland or the numerous indigenous languages of Bolivia. Likewise, some national languages are often considered minority languages, insofar as they are the national language of a stateless nation.
Paula Modersohn-Becker
Paula Modersohn-Becker (8 February 1876 – 20 November 1907) was a German Expressionist painter and draftswoman of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She is noted for the many self-portraits, including nudes. She is considered one of the most important representatives of early expressionism, producing more than 700 paintings and over 1000 drawings during her active painting life.  She is recognized both as the first known woman painter to paint nude self-portraits, and the first woman to have a museum devoted exclusively to her art (the Paula Modersohn-Becker Museum, founded 1927). Additionally, she is believed to be the first woman artist to depict herself pregnant.

Her career was cut short when she died from postpartum pulmonary embolism at the age of 31.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.