hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Srđa Popović (activist)
Srđa Popović (Serbian Cyrillic: Срђа Поповић, born 1 February 1973) is a Serbian political activist. He was a leader of the student movement Otpor that helped topple Serbian president Slobodan Milošević. After briefly pursuing a political career in Serbia, he established the Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies (CANVAS) in 2003 and published Blueprint for Revolution in 2015. CANVAS has worked with pro-democracy activists from more than 50 countries, promoting the use of non-violent resistance in achieving political and social goals.

In October 2017, he was elected Rector of the University of St Andrews, succeeding Catherine Stihler.

Catherine Stihler
Catherine Dalling Taylor Stihler OBE FRSE (née Taylor; born 30 July 1973) is a Scottish former politician who was chief executive officer (CEO) of Creative Commons from 2020 to 2023. A member of the Scottish Labour Party, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland from 1999 to 2019.

In October 2014, she was elected as the 52nd rector of the University of St Andrews, the second woman to hold that post.

After leaving the European Parliament, she was CEO of non-profit organisation Open Knowledge Foundation and from August 2020 to January 2024 CEO of Creative Commons.
Mayweed
Mayweed is a common name for two different species of flowering plants and also a name commonly used for several genera of the tribe Anthemideae whose species are currently in a flux of renaming:

Species with the common name of mayweed:

Anthemis cotula

Anthemis arvensis

Oncosiphon suffruticosus

Genera commonly called mayweed:

Matricaria

Tripleurospermum

Matricaria
Matricaria is a genus of flowering plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family. Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed", but this name also refers to plants not in this genus.
Fredericksburg, Texas
Fredericksburg is a city in and the county seat of Gillespie County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 Census, this city had a population of 10,875.

Fredericksburg was founded in 1846 and named after Prince Frederick of Prussia. Old-time German residents often referred to Fredericksburg as Fritztown, a nickname that is still used in some businesses. It is located 70 miles northwest of San Antonio, and approximately 80 miles west of Austin. This city is also notable as the center of Texas German, a dialect spoken by the first generations of German settlers who initially refused to learn English. Fredericksburg shares many cultural characteristics with New Braunfels, which had been established by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels the previous year. Fredericksburg is the birthplace of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz. It is the sister city of Montabaur, Germany. On October 14, 1970, the Fredericksburg Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Gillespie County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gillespie County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Gillespie County, Texas. There are four districts and 17 individually listed properties within the county. One district is a National Natural Landmark while another contains a National Historic Landmark that is also a State Antiquities Landmark, while the third holds a State Antiquities Landmark and multiple Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks some of which are individually listed properties. The individual properties include a National Historic Landmark that is also a State Antiquities Landmark, two additional State Antiquities Landmarks, and six Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.
Chief of General Staff (Mongolia)
The Chief of the General Staff of the Mongolian Armed Forces (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Зэвсэгт хүчний жанжин штабын дарга, romanized: Mongol Ulsyn Zevsegt khüchnii janjin shtabyn darga) is the highest-ranking professional military leader in the Mongolian Armed Forces. The Chief of the General Staff carries out his duties under the governance of the Commander-in-Chief and serves as the principal advisor to him/her on military affairs. He/She is responsible for the implementation of operational orders and directives to maintain the combat readiness of the armed forces in peacetime. In wartime, the chief directs the military in accordance with the commander-in-chief.

From 1921–1992, the post was referred to as the Chief of the General Staff of the People's Army (Mongolian: Ардын цэргийн жанжин штабын дарга, romanized: Ardyn tsergiin janjin shtabyn darga).

Military advisor
Military advisors or combat advisors are military personnel deployed to advise on military matters. The term is often used for soldiers sent to foreign countries to aid such countries' militaries with their military education and training, organization, and other various military tasks.

Foreign powers or organizations may send such soldiers to support countries or insurgencies while minimizing the risks of potential casualties and avoiding the political ramifications of overtly mobilizing military forces to aid an ally.
Uist Tramping Song
The "Uist Tramping Song", "Null do dh'Uidhist" (Over to Uist) or "Tiugainn Leam" (Come With Me)  is a traditional Scottish folk song, Gaelic lyrics by Archibald MacDonald, music by John R. Bannerman, arranged by Hugh S. Roberton. The song is an invitation to the sights and abundance of Uist, the central group of islands in the Outer Hebrides. The English language version tells of hiking there. Artists who have recorded this song include Kenneth McKellar, Robert Wilson and Robert Rees. Other notable recorded versions, include:

The Corrie Folk Trio and Paddie Bell on the album The Promise of the Day (1965)

David Solley on the album Great Songs of Scotland (1987)

Moira Anderson on the album A Land for All Seasons (1996)

Jackie Leven on the album For Peace Comes Dropping Slow (1998)

Hugh S. Roberton
Sir Hugh Stevenson Roberton (23 February 1874 – 7 October 1952) was a Scottish composer and, as founder of the Glasgow Orpheus Choir, one of Britain's leading choral-masters in the first half of the 20th century.
Dostoevsky and Parricide
"Dostoevsky and Parricide" (German: Dostojewski und die Vatertötung) is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on the 1880 novel The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature – including Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, as well as The Brothers Karamazov – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy.

Ernest Jones termed the piece "Freud's last contribution to the psychology of literature and his most brilliant"; Freud himself however called it "this trivial essay. It was written as a favour for someone and written reluctantly".

Ernest Jones
Alfred Ernest Jones FRCP MRCS (1 January 1879 – 11 February 1958) was a Welsh neurologist and psychoanalyst. A lifelong friend and colleague of Sigmund Freud from their first meeting in 1908, he became his official biographer. Jones was the first English-speaking practitioner of psychoanalysis and became its leading exponent in the English-speaking world. As President of both the International Psychoanalytical Association and the British Psycho-Analytical Society in the 1920s and 1930s, Jones exercised a formative influence in the establishment of their organisations, institutions and publications.
Bergen (village), New York
Bergen (/ˈbɜːrdʒən/ BUR-jən) is a village in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census.

The village lies on the eastern edge of the town of Bergen. The village is north of the junction of Routes 19 and 33.

Genesee County, New York
Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,388. Its county seat is Batavia. Its name is from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "the Beautiful Valley". The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1803. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Genesee County comprises the Batavia, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY combined statistical area. It is in Western New York. It is the namesake of Genesee County, Michigan; that is, the Michigan county was named for Genesee County, New York.
Long Lopeng
Long Lopeng (also known as Luping) is a settlement in the Lawas division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 646.4 kilometres (402 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

The 150 km logging track from Lawas to Ba'kelalan passes through Long Lopeng.
Neighbouring settlements include:

Long Lapukan 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) east

Long Merarap 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) north

Long Semado 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) east

Long Karabangan 11.9 kilometres (7.4 mi) southeast

Long Beluyu 13.1 kilometres (8.1 mi) southeast

Long Buang 13.1 kilometres (8.1 mi) north

Long Tanid 13.3 kilometres (8.3 mi) southeast

Long Semado Nasab 14.1 kilometres (8.8 mi) southeast

Punang Terusan 14.8 kilometres (9.2 mi) east

Long Kinoman 14.9 kilometres (9.3 mi) east

Punang Terusan
Punang Terusan is a town or settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia situated approximately 3,628 feet (1,106 metres) above sea level. The approximate population within a seven-kilometer radius was 1,110 as of 2004.

Nearby towns and villages include Long Buang (9.9 nm north), Pa Brayong (11.7 nm north), Long Semado (2.8 nm south), Long Kinoman (1.0 nm south), Long Pa Sia (9.2 nm east), and Long Lapukan (5.1 nm west).
Chameleon (Labelle album)
Chameleon is the sixth album by the American singing trio Labelle. Though Patti LaBelle's autobiography Don't Block The Blessings revealed that LaBelle planned a follow-up to Chameleon entitled Shaman, the album never materialized. The trio would not release another new recording until 2008's Back to Now. The final album was moderately successful peaking at #94 at the Pop charts and #21 on the R&B charts. Only two singles made the charts which were "Get You Somebody New" which peaked at #50 on the Pop charts and their memorable song "Isn't It A Shame" which peaked at #18 on the R&B charts. "Isn't It A Shame" was later sampled by Nelly on his 2004 hit, "My Place", which featured Jaheim.

David Rubinson
David Rubinson (born August 7, 1942 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American recording engineer and music producer, who was particularly involved in music production from the 1960s to the 1980s.  He produced such diverse acts as Moby Grape, Herbie Hancock, the Pointer Sisters, Santana, and Taj Mahal. Rubinson also founded The Automatt Recording Studios and was the music producer for the film Apocalypse Now.
Wan Zikri Afthar Ishak
Wan Zikri Afthar Ishak is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Perlis State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Mohd Shukri Ramli from November 2023 to November 2024 and Member of the Perlis State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tambun Tulang since November 2022.  He is a member and Youth Information Chief of Perlis of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition.

Malaysian United Indigenous Party
The Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Malay: Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia; abbrev: BERSATU or PPBM) is a nationalist political party in Malaysia. The party was preceded by the United Indigenous Association of Malaysia (Malay: Persatuan Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia) and founded by members of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) rebel group Gabungan Ketua Cawangan Malaysia. It is a major component of the Perikatan Nasional coalition.

Full membership in the party is limited only for Bumiputeras (indigenous communities of Malaysia). Non-Bumiputeras are permitted to join the party as associate members who are not eligible to vote and contest party elections.
Indispensable party
An indispensable party (also called a required party, necessary party, or necessary and indispensable party) is a party in a lawsuit whose participation is required for jurisdiction or the purpose of rendering a judgment. In reality, a party may be "necessary" but not indispensable. For example, if they claim an interest in the litigation, that interest may be impeded if they are not joined. That does not transform them into an indispensable party unless their absence threatens some other party's interest. Often, an indispensable party is any party whose rights are directly affected by disposition of the case. Many jurisdictions have rules that provide for an indispensable party to be joined (brought into the case as a party) at the discretion of the judge, which is referred to as a nonjoinder of party. In some cases, the inability to join such a party means that the case must be dismissed. In the United States, this is outlined in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 19.

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
P. Manicavasagam
Ponniah Manicavasagam was a Ceylon Tamil politician and Member of Parliament.

Manicavasagam was born on 11 December 1912.

Manicavasagam stood as the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi's (Federal Party) candidate for Kalkudah at the 1956 parliamentary election but was defeated by A. H. Macan Markar. He stood again at the March 1960 parliamentary election. This time he won the election and entered Parliament. He was re-elected at the July 1960 parliamentary election. He stood for re-election at the 1965 parliamentary election but was defeated by the United National Party candidate K. W. Devanayagam. He was defeated by Devanayagam at the 1970 parliamentary election as well.

Kalkudah Electoral District
Kalkudah Electoral District was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Kalkudah in Batticaloa District, Eastern Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Kalkudah electoral district was replaced by the Batticaloa multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Kalkudah continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.
Fail-stop
A fail-stop subset of a computer language is one that has the same semantics as the original, except in the case where an exceptional condition arises.  The fail-stop subset must report an exceptional condition whenever the superset language reports one, but may additionally report an exceptional condition in other cases.

Fail-stop languages are often used in computer systems where correctness is very important, since it is easier to make such systems fail-fast.  For example, the "+" operator in many programming languages is not associative because of the possibility of floating-point overflow.  Repairing these languages to fail fast when commonly assumed properties do not hold makes it much easier to write and verify correct code.

Semantics (programming languages)
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational meaning to valid strings in a programming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, the semantics of mathematical proofs.

Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in that specific language. This can be done by describing the relationship between the input and output of a program, or giving an explanation of how the program will be executed on a certain platform, thereby creating a model of computation.
Édouard Candeveau
Édouard Candeveau (11 February 1898 – 12 November 1989) was a Swiss rower who competed at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal and a gold medal in the coxed pairs in 1920 and 1924, respectively. In 1928, he competed in the single sculls and finished seventh after being eliminated in the quarter-finals. At the European championships, Candeveau won four gold, one silver and one bronze medal between 1920 and 1931.

Coxed pair
A coxed pair, abbreviated as a 2+, is a racing shell used in the sport of competitive rowing. It is designed for two persons who propel the boat with sweep oars and is steered by a coxswain (cox).

The crew consists of two rowers, each having one oar, and a cox. One rower is on the port side and other is on the starboard side. The cox steers the boat using a rudder and may be seated at the stern of the boat (from where there is a view of the crew) or in the bow (known as a bowloader). With a bowloader, amplification is needed to communicate with the crew which is sitting behind, but the cox has a better view of the course, and the weight distribution may help the boat go faster. When there is no cox, the boat is referred to as a  "coxless pair".
Poppy seed
Poppy seed is an oilseed obtained from the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum). The tiny, kidney-shaped seeds have been harvested from dried seed pods by various civilizations for thousands of years. It is still widely used in many countries, especially in Central Europe and South Asia, where it is legally grown, used in food products and sold in shops. The seeds are used whole or ground into meal as an ingredient in many foods – especially in pastry and bread – and they are pressed to yield poppyseed oil.

Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. Soybean oil, canola oil, grapeseed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, or fats from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of fats from other parts of plants. In common usage, vegetable oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at room temperature. Vegetable oils are usually edible and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
David Painter (priest)
Christianity portal

The Ven.  David Scott Painter  was  Archdeacon of Oakham from 2000 to 2011.

Born on 3 October 1944  he was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Crediton, Trinity College of Music and Worcester College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1971 and began his career as a curate at St Andrew, Plymouth and Anglican chaplain at Plymouth Polytechnic. His next curacy was All Saints, St Marylebone after which he was Domestic Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury. From 1980 to 1991 he was Vicar of  Holy Trinity, Roehampton and then Rural Dean of Wandsworth. He became an Archdeacon in 2000, at which time he was also appointed a Canon Residentiary of Peterborough Cathedral.

He retired in 2011.

St Andrew's Church, Plymouth
The Minster Church of St Andrew, also known as St Andrew's Church, Plymouth is an Anglican church in Plymouth, Devon in England. It is the original parish church of Sutton, one of the three towns which were later combined to form the city of Plymouth. The church is the largest parish church in the historic county of Devon and was built in the mid to late 15th century. The church was heavily damaged during the Plymouth Blitz but was rebuilt after the war. It was designated as a Minster Church in 2009 and it continues to operate as the focus for religious civic events for the city and as a conservative evangelical church.

It is likely to be on the site of the original Saxon church and was once attached to the abbey of Plympton.
Peel Shire
Peel Shire was a local government area, in New South Wales, Australia.

Peel Shire was proclaimed in 1907  and covered a rural area surrounding the town ( and later, city ) of Tamworth.  It was named after the Peel River which runs through the area.

Peel Shire was amalgamated with Cockburn Shire to form Parry Shire.   In 2004,  the City of Tamworth,  and the surrounding shires Parry Shire, Nundle Shire, Manilla Shire and Barraba Shire were amalgamated to form the Tamworth Regional Council local government area.

Manilla, New South Wales
Manilla is a small town in New South Wales, Australia, located on Fossickers Way 45 kilometres northwest of the regional city of Tamworth and 27 kilometres northeast of the historic village Somerton. Manilla is famous for its setting as a fishing, paragliding, and mountain biking area. The name Manilla comes from the Gamilaraay word 'Maneela', which is said to mean 'meeting of the rivers'.

The township of Manilla was established in 1853 at the junction of the Namoi River and the Manilla River. It was formerly the centre of Manilla Shire local government area, but this was amalgamated with Tamworth City Council and portions of Parry, Barraba and Nundle Shire Councils to form Tamworth Regional Council in 2004.  It lies next to the Bundarra-Barraba Important Bird Area which is important for the conservation of the critically endangered regent honeyeater.  Manilla is also well known for Split Rock Dam on the Manilla River and Lake Keepit on the Namoi River.
Parapteronotus
Parapteronotus hasemani, the duckbill knifefish, is a species of ghost knifefish found in main river channels and along the margins in the Amazon basin of Brazil and Peru. It is the only member of the genus Parapteronotus. This dark-colored knifefish reaches up to about 38 cm (15 in) in total length.

Named in honor of John D. Haseman (1887-1969), field collector in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History's Department of Ichthyology from 1908 to 1911, who collected the type specimen.

Carnegie Museum of Natural History
The Carnegie Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as CMNH) is a natural history museum in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Pittsburgh-based industrialist Andrew Carnegie in 1896. 
Housing some 22 million specimens, the museum features one of the most extensive paleontological and entomological collections in the world.
Besançon Franche-Comté TGV station
Besançon Franche-Comté TGV station (French: Gare de Besançon Franche-Comté TGV) is a French high speed railway station located in Les Auxons, Doubs, eastern France. The station was opened in 2011 and is located on the LGV Rhin-Rhône and Besançon-Viotte-Vesoul railway connecting railway. The train services are operated by SNCF. It serves the city of Besançon (10 km south) and surrounding areas.

LGV Rhin-Rhône
The LGV Rhin-Rhône (French: Ligne à Grande Vitesse; English: high-speed line) is a French high-speed rail line, the first in France to be presented as an inter-regional route rather than a link from the provinces to Paris, though it actually is used by some trains to/from Paris.

The completed section, referred to as the first phase of the eastern branch,  is 140 km (87 mi) long, running from Villers-les-Pots, Côte-d'Or (east of Dijon) to Petit-Croix, Territoire de Belfort (east of Belfort). This section opened for service on 11 December 2011.