hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big Apple Pothole and Sidewalk Protection Committee
The Big Apple Pothole and Sidewalk Protection Committee is an organization created by the New York State Trial Lawyers Association to map the sidewalks of New York City for defects capable of causing personal injury. The maps produced by the Committee and delivered to the Department of Transportation essentially negated the effect of a 1979 change to the city's Administrative Code that barred tort actions against the city unless the city was notified of the defects more than 15 days prior to the accident.

The city paid out hundreds of millions of dollars in civil judgments over the next two decades before a 2003 law shifted liability to adjacent property owners. The Committee ceased producing maps after the new law, and the use of the maps in injuries predating the change was substantially limited by a 2008 decision of New York's highest court.

Legal liability
In law, liable means  "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.
Orwig
Orwig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernice Orwig (born 1976), American water polo player

Bill Orwig (1907–1994), American football and basketball player

Matthew D. Orwig (born 1959), American attorney

William W. Orwig (1810–1889), American Evangelical bishop

Matthew D. Orwig
Matthew D. Orwig is an American attorney. Orwig has served three presidents and five attorneys general in leadership positions in the Department of Justice. He was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Texas.

from 2001 to 2007. Orwig served as managing partner of the Dallas office of SNR Denton and was a member of the Litigation and Disputes Department Leadership from 2009 to 2011. Orwig joined the global law firm Jones Day in 2012, as a Partner of the Business and Tort Litigation Practice in the Dallas office. In 2017, Orwig became a founding partner of Winston & Strawn’s Dallas office where he was a member of the firm's litigation department before retiring in January 2024.
Picton Channel
Picton Channel (Spanish: Canal Picton) is a waterway in the Magallanes Region of Chile that continues southward the Ladrillero Channel, and it runs between the Chipana Island (east) and Mornington Island (Chile) (west).

With the Ladrillero and Fallos Channel, it forms an optional route to the Messier Channel-Grappler Channel-Wide Channel. It has several arms or fjords.

The United States Hydrographic Office, South America Pilot (1916) states:

Picton Channel, with an average breadth of 11⁄2 miles, extends to the northward and westward for about 20 miles, with bold shores intersected by inlets on either side and deep water in mid-channel. Mornington Island, the western shore, then becomes low and dips gradually to the northward till it ends 36 miles from Trinidad Channel in an extensive area of rocks, islets, and disconnected breakers, with no prominent islets fit for leading marks to guide a vessel through the channels to the sea.

United States Hydrographic Office
The United States Hydrographic Office (USHO) prepared and published maps, charts, and nautical books required in navigation.
The office was established by an act of 21 June 1866 as part of the Bureau of Navigation, Department of the Navy.
It was transferred to the Department of Defense on 10 August 1949.
The office was abolished on 10 July 1962, replaced by the Naval Oceanographic Office.
1983 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
John McEnroe and Peter Rennert were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, McEnroe with Peter Fleming and Rennert with Chip Hooper.

Hooper and Rennert lost in the first round to Fleming and McEnroe.

Fleming and McEnroe lost in the semifinals to Brian Gottfried and Paul McNamee.

Brian Gottfried and Paul McNamee won the doubles title at the 1983 Queen's Club Championships tennis tournament defeating Kevin Curren and Steve Denton in the final 6–4, 6–3.

Chip Hooper
Chip Hooper (born October 24, 1958) is a former tennis player from the United States, who won five doubles titles during his professional career.

The right-handed Hooper reached his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 17 in April 1982

Hooper played collegiately at Memphis State University (now University of Memphis) and the University of Arkansas.

Currently, he is working as a private tennis coach in Miami.
Lessolo
Lessolo is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Turin.

Lessolo borders the following municipalities: Brosso, Borgofranco d'Ivrea, Montalto Dora, Val di Chy, Valchiusa, and Fiorano Canavese.

Valchiusa
Valchiusa is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 68.1 kilometres (42.3 mi) north of Turin. It was formed on 1 January 2019 with the merger of the comunes of Meugliano, Trausella and Vico Canavese.
Frank S. Bauer
Frank S. Bauer (July 9, 1856 – August 16, 1936) was an American businessman, farmer, and politician.

Bauer was born on a farm in Leroy, Wisconsin. He owned a general store in Knowles, Wisconsin and served as postmaster. Bauer served in the Wisconsin Assembly from 1905 to 1909 and was a Democrat. In 1913, Bauer moved to a farm in Biron, Wisconsin. He served on the Biron Trustee Board and also served as the Biron Village President. Bauer also served on the school board and was the school board clerk. Bauer died at his home in Biron, Wisconsin after suffering a heart attack.

Knowles, Wisconsin
Knowles is an unincorporated community in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States. The community is located where County Road AY diverges from County Road Y, in the town of Lomira. The community was named for George P. Knowles, the secretary for the Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria Railroad in the 1870s.

Looking east at downtown Knowles

Welcome sign
Valerie Jean Dates
Valerie Jean Dates is a historic date orchard and onetime popular U.S. Route 99 tourist stop located in Valerie, California, an unincorporated area a short distance south of Thermal.

Founded in 1928 by Russell Charles Nicoll and located on present-day Harrison Street at Avenue 66, the orchard is especially noteworthy as being the first to market dates directly to consumers. It was named in honor of his daughter Valerie Jean Nicoll. They are also responsible for being the first to market dates via mail order, for the creation of coconut- and almond-stuffed dates and for the creation of the date milkshake.

The business has been closed for some time, and as of at least 2009, all of the signs are gone and the building has fallen into poor condition.  The site was added to the roster of the California Office of Historic Preservation on February 11, 1991.

U.S. Route 99 in California
U.S. Route 99 (US 99) was the main north–south United States Numbered Highway on the West Coast of the United States until 1964, running from Calexico, California, on the Mexican border to Blaine, Washington, on the Canadian border. Known also as the "Golden State Highway" and "The Main Street of California", US 99 was an important route in California throughout much of the 1930s as a route for Dust Bowl immigrant farm workers to traverse the state. It was assigned in 1926 and existed until it was replaced for the most part by Interstate 5 (I-5). A large section in the Central Valley is now State Route 99 (SR 99).
Robert Kelly (composer)
J. Robert Kelly (September 26, 1916 in Clarksburg West Virginia – July 4, 2007 in Urbana, Illinois) was an American composer, composition teacher, and violinist. Kelly began studying violin at six with Albert Kember and later majored in violin at the Juilliard School of Music under Samuel Gardner. Kelly earned his Bachelor of Music Degree (1942) from the Curtis Institute of Music, where he studied composition with Rosario Scalero. After earning his Bachelor's degree and some time teaching junior college, Kelly begin teaching at the University of Illinois (1946-1976). Later on Kelly continued his studies at the Eastman School of Music, where he studied with Herbert Elwell and earned his Master of Music Degree in Composition (1952).

Robert Kelly Picture

Bachelor of Music
A Bachelor of Music (BMus; sometimes conferred as Bachelor of Musical Arts) is an academic degree awarded by a college, university, or conservatory upon completion of a program of study in music. The degree may be awarded for performance, music education, composition, music theory, musicology / music history (musicology degrees may be a Bachelor of Arts rather than a Bachelor of Music), music technology, music therapy, sacred music, music business/music industry, entertainment, music production, or jazz studies. Since the 2010s, some universities have begun offering degrees in music composition with technology, which include traditional theory and musicology courses and sound recording and composition courses using digital technologies.
Zhang Lin (dissident)
Zhang Lin (born 1963 in Bengbu, Anhui) is a cyber-dissident from the People's Republic of China. He led student hunger strikes in Bengbu in  1989. He was imprisoned on 29 January 2005, in Bengbu's No. 1 Detention Center. August 2009, Lin was released free. However, he has constantly been harassed by Chinese government after that. He was imprisoned again on September 5, 2014, and was released in September 2016. Zhang moved to the US in 2018 and he is running his YouTube channel.

Zhang Lin's daughter Zhang Anni was arrested at her primary school on 27 February 2013 and detained with her father Zhang Lin for three hours. On 7 September 2013, Zhang Anni and her elder sister departed China from Shanghai Pudong International Airport with help from Consulate General of the United States, Shanghai, and resettled in San Francisco, United States.

Bengbu
Bengbu (Chinese: 蚌埠; pinyin: Bèngbù; Wade–Giles: Peng-pu) is a city in northern Anhui Province, China. Its population was 3,296,408 registered residents at the 2020 census. 1,968,027 lived in the built-up area made of four Bengbu urban districts and Fengyang County in Chuzhou Prefecture, largely being conurbated. Its name means "Clam Wharf" in Chinese, echoing its former reputation as a freshwater pearl fishery.
Maland
Maland (Arabic: الملند)  is a Syrian village located in Al-Janudiyah Nahiyah, Jisr al-Shughur District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Maland had a population of 2551 in the 2004 census.

Al-Janudiyah Subdistrict
Al-Janudiyah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية الجانودية)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Jisr al-Shughur District in Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Janudiyah Subdistrict had a population of 19,642 in the 2004 census.
Ruhaga of Tooro
Rukirabasaija Kazana Ruhaga was Omukama of the Tooro Kingdom, Uganda from around 1865-1866. He was the second (2nd) Omukama of Tooro and was a member of the Babiito dynasty. He was succeeded by Nyaika Kyebambe I who ruled from 1866-1871 during a significant period of political instability in the Bunyoro Kitara Empire.

Omukama of Bunyoro
Omukama wa Bunyoro  (translates to the King of Bunyoro) is the title given to rulers of the East African kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara.  The kingdom lasted as an independent state from the 16th to the 19th century. The Omukama of Bunyoro remains an important figure in Ugandan politics, especially among the Banyoro people of whom he is the titular head. He is closely related to the Omukama of Tooro Kingdom.

The Royal Palace, called Ekikaali Karuziika (Karuziika Palace), is located in Hoima. The current Omukama is Rukirabasaija Solomon Iguru I Gafabusa Amooti and his wife is Omugo (the Queen) Margaret Karunga Adyeri. As a cultural head, the King is assisted by his Principal Private Secretary, a Cabinet of 21 Ministers and Orukurato (a Parliament).
1981 Pacific Coast Athletic Association men's basketball tournament
The 1981 Pacific Coast Athletic Association men's basketball tournament (now known as the Big West Conference men's basketball tournament) was held March 5–7 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.

Top-seeded Fresno State topped defending champions San José State in the title game, 52–48, to win the Bulldogs' first PCAA/Big West men's basketball tournament.

The Bulldogs, in turn, received a bid to the 1981 NCAA tournament, their first-ever appearance.

Anaheim Convention Center
The Anaheim Convention Center is a major convention center in Anaheim, California, and is the largest exhibition facility on the West Coast of the United States. It is located across from the Disneyland Resort on Katella Avenue. The original components, designed by Adrian Wilson & Associates and built by the Del E. Webb Corporation, opened in July 1967—including a basketball arena followed shortly by the convention hall. It holds many events, like Star Wars Celebration, VidCon, BlizzCon, Anime Expo, D23 Expo, WonderCon, NAMM Show, Pokémon World Championships, competitions, and more. In addition to hosting various types of conventions, the Anaheim Convention Center was used to host the wrestling during the 1984 Summer Olympics.

The center has subsequently undergone six major expansions (1974, 1982, 1990, 1993, 1999–2000, 2016–2017). It is the largest exhibit facility on the West Coast.
Damuan-class landing craft
The Damuan class is a ship class of two utility landing craft for Brunei Darussalam.  Both were laid down by Cheverton Workboats in Cowes, England for Brunei Darussalam, to be operated by the Royal Brunei Navy (RBN; Malay: Tentera Laut Diraja Brunei, TLDB).  The lead ship is KDB Damuan (31); KDB is the official acronym for Kapal Diraja Brunei in Malay, meaning Royal Brunei Ship.  Currently, both ships are in active service in support of Royal Brunei Land Force.  Damuan was  commissioned in 1976, while Puni was commissioned in 1977 at Muara Naval Base, Brunei Darussalam.

On 11 September 2007, a group of 50 youths from the mosques of Kg Menangah Mosque and Bukit Sulang Tutong District made a study visit to the Royal Brunei Navy Base.  The purpose of the group was to make the visit to learn about the duties and responsibilities and role of Royal Brunei Navy, learn about its equipment, and then given the opportunity to board KDB Puni (32) and to offer their prayers on its deck.

Muara Naval Base
Muara Naval Base (Malay: Pangkalan Tentera Laut Muara) is a naval base which serves as the headquarters and main operating base for the Royal Brunei Navy (RBN; Tentera Laut Diraja Brunei, TLDB).  It is situated approximately 4 kilometres (2 miles) from Muara Town, Brunei-Muara District, in the sultanate of Brunei Darussalam.  The naval base is located near the mouth of the Brunei River, which flows into the Brunei Bay.
Canton of Aubagne
The canton of Aubagne is an administrative division of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, in southeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Aubagne.

It consists of the following communes:

Aubagne

La Penne-sur-Huveaune

Roquevaire

Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône (/ˌbuːʃ djuː ˈroʊn/ BOOSH dew ROHN; French: les Bouches-du-Rhône [le buʃ dy ʁon] ⓘ, locally [le ˈbuʃə dy ˈʁɔnə]; Occitan: lei Bocas de Ròse [lej ˈbukɔz de ˈʀɔze]; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne.

Marseille, France's second-largest city, has one of the largest container ports in the country. It prides itself on being France's oldest city, founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea around 600 BC. Bouches-du-Rhône is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, with 2,043,110 inhabitants as of 2019. It has an area of 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi). Its INSEE and postal code is 13.
Tambelan Islands
Tambelan Islands is a group of 68 islands off the west coast of West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, just north of the equator. The archipelago is located on the north opening of Karimata Strait which separates Borneo and Belitung island. Geographically it is part of the Tudjuh Archipelago, and administratively forms a district (kecamatan) of Bintan Regency within the Riau Islands Province. It covers a land area of 90.4 km2 and had a population of 4,960 in mid 2022. Major islands include Big Tambelan (Tambelan Besar), Mendarik, Uwi, Benua, and Pejantan. The islands are divided into eight administrative villages (kelurahan) - Batu Lepuk, Kampung Hilir, Kampung Melayu, Kukup, Pengikik, Pulau Mentebung, Pulau Pinang and Teluk Sekuni. As a historical side note; It was the first Dutch territory captured by the Japanese in World War 2.

Karimata Strait
The Karimata Strait (alternatively,  Carimata or Caramata; Indonesian: Selat Karimata) is a wide strait that connects the South China Sea to the Java Sea, separating the Indonesian islands of Belitung to the west and Borneo (Kalimantan) to the east. It is the widest strait between the South China Sea and the Java Sea (other straits include the Bangka and Gaspar straits), but its numerous islands and reefs reduce its navigability. Its weather and current is influenced by the annual southeast and northwest monsoon.

It was used as an invasion route by the British fleet in the 1811 Invasion of Java in the Dutch East Indies. More recently, it was the site of the crash of Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501, and the location of the 2016 edition of Sail Indonesia (dubbed "Sail Karimata Strait").
2025 Copa América Femenina Group B
The 2025 Copa América Femenina Group B was the first of two sets in the group stage of the 2025 Copa América Femenina that took place from 11 July 2025 to 2 August 2025. The group competition consisted of Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Venezuela, and Bolivia.

The top two teams automatically qualified for the top four knockout stage, while third place moved on to a fifth place match against the third-place finisher of Group B. In the knockout stage, the two finalists qualified to the 2028 Summer Olympics and the third and fourth classified (semifinalists) and the fifth (after playing the final duel) will get three places for the 2027 Pan American Games tournament in Lima (in addition to Peru that qualified automatically as hosts). Otherwise, the fourth and fifth classified are was eliminated.

Paraguay women's national football team
The Paraguay women's national football team represents Paraguay in international women's football and is controlled by the Paraguayan Football Association (Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol). La Albirroja has never reached the World Cup finals, but has finished fourth in both the 2006 Sudamericano Femenino and the 2022 Copa América Femenina, the only time they were not eliminated in the Group stage. Most of Paraguay's matches are in competitions rather than friendlies, although that has started to change in recent times.
Saint-Astier, Dordogne
Saint-Astier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿astje]; Limousin: Sench Astier) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It takes its name from a sixth-century saint. Saint-Astier station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Périgueux, Brive-la-Gaillarde and Limoges.

Limousin dialect
Limousin (French name, pronounced [limuzɛ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: lemosin, pronounced [lemuˈzi]) is a dialect of the Occitan language, spoken in the three departments of Limousin, parts of Charente and the Dordogne in the southwest of France.

The first Occitan documents are in an early form of this dialect, particularly the Boecis, written around the year 1000.

Limousin is used primarily by people over age 50 in rural communities. All speakers speak French as a first or second language. Due to the French single language policy, it is not recognised by the government and therefore considered endangered by the linguistic community. A revivalist movement around the Félibrige and the Institut d'Estudis Occitans is active in Limousin (as well as in other parts of Occitania).
Samaru
Samaru is a town and ward in Sabon Gari Local Government of Kaduna state, Nigeria.  The town is a semi-urban area in which the Ahmadu Bello University main campus is located. Samaru is one of the most popular towns in Zaria with different ethnic groups living together in peace and harmony. Samaru is home for all tribe.

Zaria
Zaria Listenⓘ (formerly Zazzau) is a metropolitan city in Nigeria, located within four local government areas in Kaduna State. It serves as the capital of the Zazzau Emirate Council and is one of the original seven Hausa city-states. The local government areas comprising Zaria are Zaria, Sabon Gari, Giwa, and Soba local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria.

It contains Nigeria's largest university, Ahmadu Bello University, and various tertiary institutions including the Federal College of Education (FCE Zaria), Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology and Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic.  Department of Agriculture Ahmed Bello University Zaria. Ameer Shehu Idris College of Advanced Diploma.

From the 2006 population census, Zaria was estimated to have 736,000 people. It is home to the Emir of Zazzau.
Maja Kazazic
Maja Kazazic (born May 14, 1977) is a Bosnian genocide survivor, businesswoman, and motivational speaker. She was critically injured during the Bosnian War in 1993, losing her left leg and suffering severe injuries.

Motivational speaker
A motivational speaker (or inspirational speaker) is a speaker who makes speeches intended to motivate or inspire an audience. Such speakers may attempt to  challenge or transform their audiences. The speech itself is popularly known as a pep talk.

Motivational speakers can deliver speeches at schools, colleges, places of worship, companies, corporations, government agencies, conferences, trade shows, summits, community organizations, and similar environments.
Knees Up Mother Brown
"Knees Up Mother Brown" is a pub song, believed to date back as early as the 1800s, but first published in 1938, and with origins in the East End of London.

With its origins in public houses of East London, it was associated with Cockney culture. At the end of the First World War, it is documented to have been sung widely in London on 11 November 1918 (Armistice Night). The 1938 version was attributed to Bert Lee, Harris Weston and I. Taylor. During the Second World War it was performed frequently by Elsie and Doris Waters. It was also later performed on television by Noel Harrison and Petula Clark.

The expression "knees-up" means a "noisy party usually with dancing" - often accompanied by drinking.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
Pablo Rodríguez Regordosa
Pablo Rodríguez Regordosa (born 23 March 1970) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2009 to 2011 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla.

LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXI Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 61st session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.