hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ISO 31-1
ISO 31-1 is the part of international standard ISO 31 that defines names and symbols for quantities and units related to space and time. It was superseded in 2006 by ISO 80000-3 and again in 2019 by ISO 80000-3:2019.

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
1997 IIHF Asian Oceanic Junior U18 Championship
The 1997 IIHF Asian Oceanic Junior U18 Championship was the 14th edition of the IIHF Asian Oceanic Junior U18 Championship. It took place between 14 and 17 March 1997 in Seoul, South Korea. The tournament was won by Japan, who claimed their ninth title by finishing first in the standings. Kazakhstan and South Korea finished second and third respectively.

South Korea men's national under-18 ice hockey team
The South Korea men's national under-18 ice hockey team is the men's national under-18 ice hockey team of South Korea. The team is controlled by the Korea Ice Hockey Association, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The team represents South Korea at the IIHF World U18 Championships. South Korea won two gold, six silver, and six bronze medals at the IIHF Asian Oceanic U18 Championships.

The team holds the record of the largest victory in the sport. South Korea beat Thailand in the 1998 IIHF Asian Oceanic Junior U18 Championship 92–0.
Līksna
Līksna (Latgalian: Leiksna, German: Lixna, Polish: Liksna) is a village in Līksna Parish, Augšdaugava Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia.

It is the birthplace of Edward Ropp, a Roman Catholic bishop in Tiraspol, Vilnius and Mogilev. It was also the place Polish-Lithuanian hero, Countess Emilia Plater, was raised in.

Mogilev
Mogilev, or Mahilyow, is a city in eastern Belarus. It is located on the Dnieper River, about 76 kilometres (47 miles) from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and 105 km (65 miles) from Bryansk Oblast. As of 2025, it has a population of 352,896. In 2011, its population was 360,918, up from an estimated 106,000 in 1956. It serves as the administrative centre of Mogilev Region, and is the third-largest city in Belarus.
Dent Island (New Zealand)
Dent Island is a subantarctic 26-hectare (64-acre) rock stack, lying 3 km west of Campbell Island and belonging to the Campbell Island group. Dent Island is located at 52°31.15′S 169°3.75′E﻿ / ﻿52.51917°S 169.06250°E﻿ / -52.51917; 169.06250.  It was named by the French 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island because of its resemblance to a tooth (dent in French).

Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.
Vittorio Scialoja
Vittorio Giulio Ippolito Camillo Scialoja (Italian pronunciation: [vitˈtɔːrjo ʃʃaˈlɔːja]; 24 April 1856 – 19 November 1933) was an influential Italian Professor of Jurisprudence.   His early focus was on Roman law, but he later broadened the scope of his research and teaching to embrace other branches of civil law.   Membership of the National Public Council for Higher Education, on which he served between 1893 and 1913, led to his nomination as a senator on 4 March 1904. That in turn became the launch pad for an increasingly engaged parallel career in politics and public life. He served briefly as Minister of Justice in 1909/10, Minister without portfolio between 1916 and 1917, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs during 1919/20.

University of Siena
The University of Siena (Italian: Università degli Studi di Siena, abbreviation: UNISI), located in Siena, Tuscany, holds the distinction of being Italy's first publicly funded university as well as one of the oldest, originally established as Studium Senese in 1240. As of 2022, it hosts approximately 16,000 students—nearly one-third of Siena's total population of about 53,000. The university is renowned for its schools of law, medicine, and economics and management.
Dinoperca
Dinoperca is a genus in the family Dinopercidae (cavebasses). It contains the single species Dinoperca petersi, the lampfish, which is native to reefs of the western Indian Ocean, where it can be found down to depths of 50 m (160 ft).  It prefers to inhabit the spaces under ledges, as well as the mouths of caves.  This species grows to 75 cm (30 in) in total length.  It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries, but is popular as a sport fish. The identity of the person honoured in the specific name is not stated but Day thanks "Professor Peters" for his assistance in identifying the type who was Director of the Berlin Museum, this refers to Wilhelm Peters (1815-1883).

Game fish
Game fish, sport fish or quarry refer to popular fish species pursued by recreational fishers (typically anglers), and can be freshwater or saltwater fish.  Game fish can be eaten after being caught, preserved as taxidermy (though rare), or released after capture.  Some game fish are also targeted commercially, particularly less bony species such as salmon and tuna.

Specimens of game fish whose measurements (body length and weight) significantly exceed the species' average are sometimes known as trophy fish, as such captures are often presented as bragging rights among fishers.
Living Loud (album)
Living Loud is the self-titled debut album by the hard rock project Living Loud, formed by bass guitarist Bob Daisley and drummer Lee Kerslake in 2003. Both men had previously recorded with Ozzy Osbourne, writing and recording on the Blizzard of Ozz and Diary of a Madman albums. Australian rock singer Jimmy Barnes and Deep Purple guitarist Steve Morse were also part of the project. Keyboard player Don Airey, who also worked on Osbourne's albums with Kerslake and Daisley, recorded his parts of the album at his home studio in London. Half the songs were originals and half were covers from Osbourne's first two albums, which Kerslake and Daisley had co-written.

Diary of a Madman (album)
Diary of a Madman is the second studio album by the English heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne, released in October 1981. This is the last Osbourne studio album to feature guitarist Randy Rhoads and drummer Lee Kerslake. An altered version appeared in 2002 with the original bass and drum parts removed and re-recorded. In 2011, a Deluxe 30th Anniversary Edition was released with all original parts restored. To date, the album has sold over three million copies worldwide.

Diary of a Madman was supported by the Diary of a Madman Tour, which began on November 5, 1981, and ended August 8, 1982, spanning Europe, North America, and Asia. On March 19, 1982, during the North American leg of the tour, Rhoads died in a plane crash in Leesburg, Florida; after a two-week break, the tour continued with guitarist Bernie Tormé performing several shows in place of Rhoads before in turn being replaced by Brad Gillis.
Redbrook Incline Bridge
The Redbrook Incline Bridge is a nineteenth-century tramway bridge that crosses the B4231 road at Redbrook on the England–Wales border. The bridge straddles the border and stands in the counties of Monmouthshire in Wales and Gloucestershire in England.  It was built as a branch line from the Monmouth Tramroad to transport coal to the Redbrook Tinplate Works and was constructed on a significant incline as a consequence of its standing well below the main tramway. It is separately a listed building in Wales (Grade II*) and England (Grade II) and a scheduled monument.

England–Wales border
The England–Wales border, sometimes referred to as the Wales–England border or the Anglo-Welsh border, runs for 160 miles (260 km) from the Dee estuary, in the north, to the Severn estuary in the south, separating England and Wales.

It has followed broadly the same line since the 8th century, and in part that of Offa's Dyke; the modern boundary was fixed in 1536, when the former marcher lordships which occupied the border area were abolished and new county boundaries were created. The administrative boundary of Wales was confirmed in the Local Government Act 1972. Whether Monmouthshire was part of Wales, or an English county treated for most purposes as though it were Welsh, was also settled by the 1972 Act, which included it in Wales.
Heckville, Texas
Heckville is an unincorporated community located on the high plains of the Llano Estacado, approximately 16 mi (26 km) northeast of Lubbock or 7 mi (11 km) north of Idalou in northeastern Lubbock County, Texas, United States. This small town was named after Henry Heck, who built a cotton gin to serve the community in 1948.

Heckville is located at the point where Farm to Market Road 400 intersects the tracks of the former Fort Worth and Denver South Plains Railway that extended from Estelline to Lubbock. The BNSF Railway, which last owned and operated the former Fort Worth and Denver South Plains Railway, abandoned and permanently removed the tracks in 1989.

The community has never reported a population of more than 20. As of 2010, all that remained were rusting grain elevators, numerous large warehouses, the remnants of a cotton gin, an abandoned country store, and a large and still active egg farm operation that produces 180,000 eggs per day.

Estelline, Texas
Estelline is a town located in Hall County, Texas, United States. The population at the 2020 census was 121. In 2012, Estelline was ranked #1 in a National Motorists Association listing of its "Worst Speed Trap Cities" in North America (with a population of less than 50,000). Estelline often refers to itself as the "Town of Estelline", with a "Town Hall" and a "Town Council", rather than the customary "city" label. However, under Texas law, all incorporated municipalities are considered to be cities.
Arapuni Suspension Bridge
The Arapuni Suspension Bridge is located just downstream from the Arapuni Power Station on the Waikato River in the South Waikato District of New Zealand. The 152-metre (499 ft) suspension bridge in the bush-lined gorge was built in the mid-1920s to allow workers from the village of Arapuni to access the power station construction site.

South Waikato District
South Waikato District is a local government district in the Waikato Region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located between the cities of Hamilton to the north, Rotorua to the east, Taupō to the south and Ruapehu District to the west.

The seat of the South Waikato District Council is at Tokoroa, the biggest town. The other main towns are Putāruru, Tīrau and Arapuni.
Bound for Glory (2019)
The 2019 Bound for Glory was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on October 20, 2019, in Villa Park, Illinois. It was the 15th event under the Bound for Glory chronology. Wrestlers from Mexico's Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and Japan's Pro Wrestling Noah (NOAH), with which Impact Wrestling has partnerships, also appeared on the card.

Villa Park, Illinois
Villa Park is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. Situated along the Illinois Prairie Path, Villa Park was originally built as a company town in the early 20th century. The village is located in the area between North Avenue (IL-64) and Roosevelt Road (IL-38), directly east of Kingery Highway (IL-83). It is a western suburb of Chicago. The population as of the 2020 Census was 22,263.

Villa Park is traversed by the Illinois Prairie Path and includes two former Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad stations listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The village was the longtime site of the Ovaltine factory, now converted to residences.
René Klingbeil
René Klingbeil (born 2 April 1981) is a former German football player and current manager of KSV Hessen Kassel.

His first senior club was Borussia Mönchengladbach. He then went on to Hamburger SV. In 2007, he joined Viking FK in Norway. He was released in the summer of 2008 and was offered a contract by Dynamo Dresden but declined their first offer.

Viking FK
Viking Fotballklubb, commonly known as Viking or Viking Stavanger internationally, is a Norwegian professional football club from the city of Stavanger. The club was founded in 1899. It is one of the most successful clubs in Norwegian football, having won 9 Norwegian top division titles, most recently in 2025, and 6 domestic Norwegian Cup titles, most recently in 2019. The club has played more top-flight league games than any other club in Norway. It has played in the top division since the league was established, except for the years 1966–67, 1987–88 and 2018. Notable European successes include knocking English side Chelsea out of the UEFA Cup during the 2002–03 season, knocking out Sporting CP from the same tournament in 1999–2000, and qualifying for the group stages of the 2005–06 UEFA Cup.
Michael Phelan (Gaelic footballer)
Michael Phelan (born 1982) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a right wing-back for the Tipperary senior team.

Born in Ardfinnan, County Tipperary, Phelan first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Tipperary minor team before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 2006 championship. Phelan subsequently became a regular member of the starting fifteen.

At club level Phelan is a one-time championship medallist with Ardfinnan. He also plays hurling with Ballybacon–Grange.

Phelan retired from inter-county football following the conclusion of the 2009 championship.

Ardfinnan
Ardfinnan (Irish: Ard Fhíonáin, meaning 'High place of Finnian') is a village in County Tipperary in Ireland. It is situated on the River Suir and R665 regional road. The Catholic parish of Ardfinnan is made up of three areas: Ardfinnan, Ballybacon, and Grange. Ardfinnan is also a civil parish in the ancient barony of Iffa and Offa West. The village is located 14 km (9 mi) from the town of Clonmel and 10 km (6 mi) from Cahir via the R670 road. As of 2022, the village had a population of 978 people.
Yale School of Music
The Yale School of Music (often abbreviated to YSM) is one of the 12 professional schools at Yale University. It offers three graduate degrees: Master of Music (MM), Master of Musical Arts (MMA), and Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA), as well as a joint Bachelor of Arts—Master of Music program in conjunction with Yale College, a Certificate in Performance, and an artist diploma.

Yale is the only Ivy League school with a dedicated School of Music; the university also has a separate Department of Music in the Division of Humanities of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The School of Music originated in 1855 with a gift of $5,000 from Joseph Battell and conferred its first degrees in 1894; it has a separate endowment, and as a result of a 2005 gift waives tuition and gives students maintenance grants.

José García-León, formerly dean of academic affairs and assessment at Juilliard, succeeded Robert Blocker as dean of the Yale School of Music in fall 2023.

Master of Music
The Master of Music (MM or MMus) is, as an academic title, the first graduate degree in music awarded by universities and conservatories. The MM combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually performance in singing or instrument playing, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history, music theory, or music pedagogy. The degree, which takes one or two years of full-time study to complete, prepares students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers, according to their area of specialization. The MM is often required as the minimum teaching credential for university, college, and conservatory instrumental or vocal teaching positions.
Gwillimsville, Colorado
Gwillimsville was a settlement at the head of Cherry Creek and six miles east of Monument in northern El Paso County, Colorado. Its settlers were engaged in dairy, ranching, and timber businesses. The Gwillimsville post office operated from April 18, 1878, until September 25, 1890.

Cherry Creek (Colorado)
Cherry Creek is a tributary of the South Platte River, 48.0 miles (77.2 km) long, in Colorado in the United States. The creek is named for the profusion of black chokecherry shrubs (Prunus virginiana demissa) that grow along its banks.
Paul Carter (1930s pitcher)
Paul Carter (May 10, 1900 – death unknown) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1930s.

A native of Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, Carter made his Negro leagues debut in 1931 with the Hilldale Club. He went on to play for the Baltimore Black Sox and Philadelphia Stars, and finished his career in 1936 with the New York Black Yankees.

Hilldale Club
The Hilldale Athletic Club (informally known as Darby Daisies) were an American professional Negro league baseball team based in Darby, Pennsylvania, west of Philadelphia.

Established as a boys team in 1910, the Hilldales were developed by their early manager, then owner Ed Bolden to be one of the powerhouse Negro league baseball teams. They won the first three Eastern Colored League pennants beginning in 1923 and in 1925 won the second Colored World Series. Hall of Fame player Judy Johnson was a Hilldale regular for most its professional era with 12 seasons in 15 years (1918–1932).
Pitcher Phil Cockrell played for Hilldale throughout those years.
Oscar Charleston, Biz Mackey, Louis Santop, Chaney White, and Jesse "Nip" Winters were also important Hilldale players in the 1920s.
The Miami Showband
The Miami Showband were an Irish showband in the 1960s and 1970s led firstly in 1962 by singer Jimmy Harte, followed by Dickie Rock and later by Fran O'Toole. They had seven number-one records on the Irish singles chart.

The band's career was interrupted at the height of their fame when three members – Fran O'Toole, Tony Geraghty, and Brian McCoy – were murdered in 1975 by loyalist terrorists, in a botched attack initially intended to convince the British government that the band had been involved in smuggling explosives across the Irish border.

The band reformed in 1976 but disbanded in 1982, later reuniting and reforming. The Miami Showband played their final gig in 2015.

Loyalism
Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to historical loyalty to the British Crown, notably with the loyalist opponents of the American Revolution, and United Empire Loyalists who moved to the remaining colonies of British North America after the revolution.
SN 2004et
SN 2004et was a bright Type II-P hypernova that occurred in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946 (The Fireworks Galaxy), about 22 million light years away from Earth. The star that made the supernova was falsely identified to be a yellow supergiant but was then identified to be a type red supergiant of 13.8 solar masses. SN 2004et showed some rebrightening about 1,000 days after the initial supernova probably due to ejecta of circumstellar material or thermal echo. SN 2004et was one of the most luminous Type II-P supernovae ever recorded and characterized.

Red supergiant
Red supergiants (RSGs) are stars with a supergiant luminosity class (Yerkes class I) and a stellar classification K or M. They are the largest stars in the universe in terms of volume, although they are not the most massive or luminous. Betelgeuse and Antares A are the brightest and best known red supergiants (RSGs), indeed the only first magnitude red supergiant stars.
Down Boy
"Down Boy" is a song written by Rob Davis and produced by Nellee Hooper for Australian actress Holly Valance's debut album, Footprints (2002). Released on 30 September 2002 as the second single from the album, "Down Boy" charted within the top 10 in the United Kingdom (No. 2), Australia (No. 3), Hungary (No. 8), and Ireland (No. 8). British television presenter and actress Alexa Chung plays Valance's friend in the music video.

Footprints (Holly Valance album)
Footprints is the debut studio album by Australian singer Holly Valance. It was released by London Records on 14 October 2002 in the United Kingdom. Valance worked with a variety of producers on the album, including Cutfather & Joe, Julian Gallagher, Jem Godfrey, Nellee Hooper, Bill Padley, Richard Stannard, and Phil Thornalley.

The album was a success in the United Kingdom, where the first single "Kiss Kiss" reached the top position on the singles chart. Footprints peaked at number nine on the UK Albums Chart, selling over 100,000 copies and being certified Gold. In Valance's home country of Australia, success was similar. Footprints reached the top fifteen, sold over 35,000 copies, and was later certified Gold. All three of its singles also reached the top 3 on the singles chart. Footprints was also successful in Japan, where the album reached number nineteen on the Oricon albums chart and sold 159,606 copies. It was later certified Gold.
John Fraser (minister)
John Annand Fraser, MBE, TD was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from 1958 to 1959. He was born into a clerical family on 21 June 1894 and educated at Robert Gordon's College, Inverness Royal Academy and the Universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh. During The Great War he served with the Gordon Highlanders.

Ordained in 1921, he was initially an Assistant Minister at St Matthew's, Edinburgh, 1921. After this he was held incumbencies at Humbie and Hamilton, during which time he was the Moderator and his son, later Sir Charles Annand Fraser, attending the Hamilton Academy. From 1960 to 1970 he was Minister of Aberdalgie. He died on 3 October 1985.

Gordon Highlanders
The Gordon Highlanders was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that existed for 113 years, from 1881 until 1994, when it was amalgamated with The Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons) to form The Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons). Although the 'Gordon Highlanders' had existed as the 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot since 1794, the actual 'Gordon Highlanders Regiment' was formed in 1881 by amalgamation of the 75th (Stirlingshire) Regiment of Foot and 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot.
Gelmini reform
The Gelmini reform (Italian: riforma Gelmini) refers to the set of acts of the Italian Republic – issued during the Berlusconi IV Cabinet – concerning the education sector in Italy.

Entering into force during the Minister of Education, university and Research Mariastella Gelmini's term of office between 2008 and 2011, it profoundly altered the Moratti reform of 2003.

Mariastella Gelmini
Mariastella Gelmini (born 1 July 1973) is an Italian politician and attorney (specialised in administrative law). She served as Italian Minister of Education in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet until 16 November 2011. She served as minister of Regional Affairs and Autonomies in the Draghi Cabinet from 2021 to 2022.