hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Memduh Oğuz
Memduh Oğuz (born 1948) is a Turkish retired bureaucrat who served as the 45th governor of Isparta between 2010 and 2013, the 36th governor of Kırklareli between 1999 and 2000, the 29th governor of Kocaeli between 1996 and 1999, the 37th governor of Tekirdağ between 1991 and 1992 and as the 36th governor of Burdur between 1988 and 1991. He is a former Kaymakam (district governor).
He completed the Governors’ Liaison Program in the U.S. by the National Governors’ Association in 1989.
Suleyman Demirel University awarded him an honorary doctorate degree in 2013.

Süleyman Demirel University
Süleyman Demirel University (SDU) (Turkish: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi) is a public university located in Isparta, Turkey. Established in 1992, the university, with around 70.000 students, is the second largest academic institution in Turkey. SDU is known for its programs in agricultural research, medicine, engineering, and business sciences. The university (Institution Code: TR ISPARTA01) is approved by the Erasmus programme for participation and funding. SDU is a member of the European University Association.

In 2018, the university underwent an administrative restructuring, during which the faculties of Agriculture, Forestry, and Technology, as well as the Eğirdir Faculty of Fisheries, were transferred to Isparta University of Applied Sciences.

Thirteen academics from Süleyman Demirel University were recognized in the “World’s Most Influential Scientists List” published by Stanford University in collaboration with Elsevier.
Karl Kögel
Karl Georg Kögel (26 October 1917 – 1945) was a German ice hockey player who competed for the German national team at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. He played club hockey for EV Füssen. Kögel died in 1945.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.
Borebreen
Borebreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier has a length of about 22 kilometers. It is located at the northwestern side of Isfjorden, west of Helsinglandryggen, flowing towards Borebukta.

Oscar II Land
Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.

The area is named after Oscar II of Sweden. Older name variants are Oscar II's Land and Terre Oscar II.

The Hofgaardtoppen mountain is the highest peak in Oscar II Land.
Édouard Close
Édouard Nicolas Henri Charles Close (8 July 1929 – 2 March 2017) was a Belgian politician and member of the former Socialist Party (PSB). He served as the mayor of Liège, one of Belgium's largest cities, for thirteen years from 1976 to 1990. Close had also served as the interior minister of Belgium during the first government of Prime Minister Edmond Leburton from 26 January 1973 until 23 April 1974.

Close died on 2 March 2017 at the age of 87.

Interior minister
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency management, supervision of regional and local governments, conduct of elections, public administration and immigration (including passport issuance) matters. This position is head of a department that is often called an interior ministry, a ministry of internal affairs or a ministry of home affairs. In some jurisdictions, there is no department called an "interior ministry", but the relevant responsibilities are allocated to other departments.
2010 Guangzhou International Women's Open – Doubles
Olga Govortsova and Tatiana Poutchek were the defending champions, but they chose to not compete this year.
Edina Gallovits and Sania Mirza won this tournament. They defeated Han Xinyun and Liu Wan-ting 7–5, 6–3 in the final.

Tatiana Poutchek
Tatiana Poutchek (Belarusian: Таццяна Мікалаеўна Пучак; Russian: Татьяна Николаевна Пучек; born 9 January 1979) is a retired tennis player and current captain of the Belarus Billie Jean King Cup team. Her career-high ranking is No. 55 in the world, achieved on 22 July 2002.

Many of Poutchek's greatest career results came in Tashkent reaching one singles final and seven doubles finals winning five.

In 2002, she made her only WTA Tour singles final there, losing to Marie-Gayanay Mikaelian. In doubles, she won eight titles on the WTA Tour (five in Tashkent, two in Guangzhou, and one in Baku) between 2002 and 2010, and 20 titles on the ITF Women's Circuit between 1997 and 2009.
Thokozile Mndaweni
Thokozile Philadelphia Mndaweni (born 8 August 1981) is a South African former soccer player who is the goalkeeping coach at TS Galaxy Queens. A goalkeeper, she is the highest capped women's goalkeeper in South Africa with 89 caps.

She represented the South Africa national team at the 2012 London Olympics.She is well known for a saving a penalty and later converting her own spot kick during South Africa's win on penalties in the Olympic qualifier return leg match in Tunis in April 2011.

JVW F.C.
JVW Football Club is a women's professional soccer club based in Bedfordview, Gauteng. Founded and owned by Janine van Wyk and Lauren Duncan the club competes in the SAFA Women's League, the top tier women's football league in South Africa,
Joachim Pissarro
Joachim Pissarro (born 1959) is an art historian, theoretician, curator, educator, and director of the Hunter College Galleries and Bershad Professor of Art History at Hunter College of the City University of New York. His latest book, authored with art critic David Carrier, is called Wild Art. Pissarro was curator at the Museum of Modern Art's Department of Painting and Sculpture from 2003 to 2007.

Dallas Museum of Art
The Dallas Museum of Art (DMA) is an art museum located in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas, along Woodall Rodgers Freeway between St. Paul and Harwood. In the 1970s, the museum moved from its previous location in Fair Park to the Arts District. The new building was designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes and John MY Lee Associates, the 2007 winner of the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal. The construction of the building spanned in stages over a decade.

The museum collection is made up of more than 24,000 objects, dating from the third millennium BC to the present day. It is known for its dynamic exhibition policy and educational programs. The Mildred R. and Frederick M. Mayer Library (the museum's non-circulating research library) contains over 50,000 volumes available to curators and the general public. With 159,000 square feet (14,800 m2) of exhibition spaces, it is one of the largest art museums in the United States.
Leonid Gorbachov
Metropolitan Leonid (secular name Leonid Eduardovich Gorbachov, Russian: Леонид Эдуардович Горбачёв; born 26 October 1968, Stavropol) is a retired bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church. He holds the title "Metropolitan of Klin". Former Patriarchal Exarch of Africa (2021-2023).

Klin, Klinsky District, Moscow Oblast
Klin (Russian: Клин, lit. a wedge) is a town and the administrative center of Klinsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 85 kilometers (53 mi) northwest of Moscow. Population: 80,585 (2010 Census); 83,178 (2002 Census); 94,908 (1989 Soviet census); 94,000 (1985 est.).
1979 Major League Baseball season
The 1979 Major League Baseball season concluded with the Pittsburgh Pirates defeating the Baltimore Orioles in seven games in the 1979 World Series. None of the post-season teams of 1977 or 1978 returned to this year's postseason.

Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award
The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.
Eren Kurshan
Eren Kurshan is an American computer scientist and inventor, specializing in AI systems, computer system design and optimization.  She is recognized for her work and inventions in developing large-scale, mission-critical industrial computing systems for cybersecurity, fraud and financial crime detection towards societal good.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
BlackBerry Storm
The BlackBerry Storm is a high-end touchscreen smartphone developed by Research In Motion. A part of the BlackBerry 9500 series of phones, it was RIM's first touchscreen device, and its first without a physical keyboard. It featured a touchscreen that responded like a button via SurePress, RIM's haptic feedback technology. Its competitors included Apple's iPhone, the Palm Pre, the T-Mobile G1 by HTC and the HTC Touch family.

In a 2015 book, Losing the Signal: The Untold Story Behind the Extraordinary Rise and Spectacular Fall of BlackBerry, the authors argued that the Storm was the single biggest disaster in smartphone history.

High Speed Packet Access
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High Speed Packet Access (also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit rates to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.
Art of the Upper Paleolithic
The art of the Upper Paleolithic represents the oldest form of prehistoric art. Figurative art is present in Europe and Southeast Asia, beginning around 50,000 years ago. European Upper Paleolithic art is known informally as "Ice Age art", in reference to the last glacial period.

Non-figurative cave paintings, consisting of hand stencils and simple geometric shapes, are somewhat older, and possibly as old as 64,000 years. This latter estimate is due to a controversial 2018 study based on uranium-thorium dating, which would imply Neanderthal authorship and qualify as art of the Middle Paleolithic.

Prehistoric Europe
Prehistoric Europe refers to Europe before the start of written records, beginning in the Lower Paleolithic. As history progresses, considerable regional unevenness in cultural development emerges and grows. The region of the eastern Mediterranean is, due to its geographic proximity, greatly influenced and inspired by the classical Middle Eastern civilizations, and adopts and develops the earliest systems of communal organization and writing. The Histories of Herodotus (from around 440 BC) is the oldest known European text that seeks to systematically record traditions, public affairs and notable events.
Francis W. Tancred
Francis Willoughby Tancred (21 February 1874 – 25 November 1925) was an English poet associated with the Poets' Club, a group of writers, established by T. E. Hulme, who were the forerunners of the Imagist movement. They carried out practical studies on Chinese poetry and haiku. Tancred's own influence on the genre has been relatively minor.  He is one of the poets referred to in Ezra Pound's Cantos, LXXXII.

Tancred was born in New Zealand, the fifth child and second son of Thomas Selby Tancred, 8th Baronet (1840–1910), a mining and railway engineer who was a contractor for the Forth Railway Bridge and the Pretoria-Delagoa Bay railway.  His grandfather, Sir Thomas Tancred, 7th Baronet, and great-uncle, Henry Tancred, migrated to New Zealand in 1850.

Tancred was a member of the London Stock Exchange.  His only book, entitled Poems, was published by William Blackwood in 1907.  He died in Hackney in 1925.

Blackwood (publishing house)
William Blackwood and Sons was a Scottish publishing house and printer founded by William Blackwood in 1804. It played a key role in literary history, publishing many important authors, for example John Buchan, George Tomkyns Chesney, Joseph Conrad, Miles Franklin, George Eliot, E. M. Forster, John Galt, John Neal, Thomas De Quincey, Charles Reade, Margaret Oliphant, John Hanning Speke and Anthony Trollope, both in books and in the monthly Blackwood’s Magazine.
Kurdsat
Kurdsat Broadcasting Corporation (Kurdish: کوردسات, romanized: Kurdsat) is a satellite television station in Kurdistan Region, Iraq, broadcasting since 8 January 2000. It belongs to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and is based in Sulaymaniyah.

The channel broadcast programs in Kurdish. Other languages such as Persian, English and Arabic were also used in some programs with Kurdish subtitles. First established following the Gulf War, Kurdsat was among the Kurdish satellite stations in Kurdistan.

Kurdsat's headquarters is at Dabashan - As Sulaymaniyah.

Sulaymaniyah
Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (Kurdish: سلێمانی, romanized: Silêmanî; Arabic: السليمانية, romanized: as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar, Goizha and Qaiwan Mountains in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot dry summers and cold wet winters.

The modern city of Slemani was founded in 1784 by the Ottoman-Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban in Collaboration with Azim Beg and Haji Aziz Bey Aghal Dwanze Swarey Meriwane Jawamer Agha Rangena, who named it after his father Sulayman Pasha. Slemani was the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850.
White-fronted ground dove
The white-fronted ground dove or Caroline Islands ground dove (Pampusana kubaryi) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae.
It is endemic to Micronesia.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical mangrove forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and plantations .
It is threatened by habitat loss.

This species was formerly in the genus Alopecoenas Sharpe, 1899, but the name of the genus was changed in 2019 to Pampusana Bonaparte, 1855 as this name has priority.

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is dominated by grass and/or shrubs located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes. Tropical grasslands are mainly found between 5 degrees and 20 degrees in both North and south of the Equator.
Murder of James Young
The teenager James Young was murdered on or near Blackhill Road close to Fortacres Farm (NS 39820 34337), Gatehead, Parish of Dundonald in Ayrshire by James McWheelan also recorded as James McQueen on Friday 26 or the early hours of Saturday 27 May 1848. The site is recorded in one report as being "on or near" the Toll Road leading from the Fortacres Farm Toll Bar. The parishes boundaries of Symington, Dundonald and Riccarton, Ayrshire meet in this area.

The name James McWheelan will be used for the sake of consistency.

Beith
Beith (locally /biːð/) is a small town in the Garnock Valley, North Ayrshire, Scotland approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) south-west of Glasgow. The town is situated on the crest of a hill and was known originally as the "Hill o' Beith" (hill of the birches) after its Court Hill.
Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015
The Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 (INARA) (H.R. 1191, Pub.L 114–17) is a bill that was passed by the US Congress in May 2015, giving Congress the right to review any agreement reached in the P5+1 talks with Iran aiming to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons.

The bill passed in the Senate by a 98–1 vote (only Tom Cotton voted against), and then passed in the House by a vote of 400–25 on May 14. President Barack Obama threatened to veto the bill, but eventually a version arrived that had enough support to override any veto and Obama did not try vetoing it.

Larry Klayman filed a lawsuit, alleging that the law was an unconstitutional abrogation of the Senate's Treaty Power. The lawsuit was dismissed for lack of standing.

A group of Republican Senators said an agreement to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) required congressional review under INARA, while others said the JCPOA has already been through such a review.

Treaty Clause
The Treaty Clause of the United States Constitution (Article II, Section 2, Clause 2) establishes the procedure for ratifying international agreements. It empowers the President as the primary negotiator of agreements between the United States and other countries, and holds that the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority of the Senate renders a treaty binding with the force of federal law.
Panachranta lirioleuca
Panachranta is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae. Its only species, Panachranta lirioleuca, is found in Australia. Both the genus and species were first described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1922.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Maria Van Humbeeck
Maria Van Humbeeck‑Piron (1888–1969) (also known as Maria Piron) was a Belgian painter, pastellist and graphic artist known for her cityscapes, landscapes, and religious-themed artworks. Born in Philippeville, she trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels and Leuven, she began her career creating etchings and later focused on pastel and oil paintings. Alongside her husband, Pierre Van Humbeeck, she co-founded the Art et Louange movement, blending Christian spirituality with art. Her works remain significant in Belgian art history, and her legacy is preserved at KADOC, Leuven.

Philippeville
Philippeville (French pronunciation: [filipvil] ⓘ; Walloon: Flipveye) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium.  The Philippeville municipality includes the former municipalities of Fagnolle, Franchimont, Jamagne, Jamiolle, Merlemont, Neuville, Omezée, Roly, Romedenne, Samart, Sart-en-Fagne, Sautour, Surice, Villers-en-Fagne, Villers-le-Gambon, and Vodecée.
Pengiran Anak Mohamed Alam
Pengiran Anak Mohamed Alam (18 October 1918 – 14 December 1982) was a civil servant and noble magistrate who held the position of Pengiran Pemancha in Brunei. Serving from 1950 until 1982, this title marked him as the third most senior rank within the wazir class of state officials. He served as Brunei's first chief of Adat Istiadat Negara from 1954 to 1981 before assuming the role of the fourth speaker of the Legislative Council of Brunei (LegCo) from 1971 to 1974. Notably, he was the father of Queen Saleha, the raja isteri (queen consort) to Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, and the maternal grandfather of Al-Muhtadee Billah, the Crown Prince of Brunei.

Istana Darul Hana
The Istana Darul Hana (English: Darul Hana Palace) is one of the few remaining palaces in Brunei. It was the residence of Omar Ali Saifuddien III from 1951 to 1987. The palace is located on a hill at Kilometre 3 of Jalan Tutong in Kampong Tumasek, Brunei–Muara District, Brunei. It is sometimes referred to as Istana Lama.
Hamid El Mahdaoui
Hamid El Mahdaoui (Arabic: حميد المهدوي or Arabic: حميد المهداوي; born January 1, 1979), spelled also as Elmahdaouy is a Moroccan journalist and activist. Since 2014, he is the founder and the editor-in-chief of the online news website Badil.info (lit. Alternative.info). On July 20, 2017, El Mahdaoui was arrested in Al Hoceima, and later sentenced to three years in prison and a fine of 20.000 Dirhams for his activism in Hirak Rif.

Moroccan dirham
The Moroccan dirham (Arabic: درهم, romanized: dirham, Moroccan Arabic: درهم, romanized: derhem; sign: DH; code: MAD) is the official monetary currency of Morocco. It is issued by the Bank Al-Maghrib, the central bank of Morocco. One Moroccan dirham is subdivided into 100 santimat (singular: santim; Arabic: سنتيم).

The exchange rate of the Moroccan dirham is determined within a band of fluctuation of ± 5 percent compared to a central rate established by the central bank of Morocco on the basis of a currency basket composed of the euro and United States dollar by up to 60% and 40% respectively.

As of 2025 the Moroccan Dirham is still not freely convertible on world financial markets. The full integration of the Moroccan economy into the world market is hindered by the underdeveloped Moroccan currency system.
Greenmarket Square
Greenmarket Square is a historical square in the centre of old Cape Town, South Africa. The square was built in 1696, when a burgher watch house was erected. Many historic buildings surround the square, including the Old Town House, which now houses the Michaelis Collection of art.

Over the years, the square has served as a slave market, a vegetable market, a parking lot and more recently, a flea market trading mainly African souvenirs, crafts, and curios. Near the centre of the square is a hand-operated pump used to bring clean water to the surface from an underground river that runs through the city. During the apartheid era, Greenmarket Square was often the focus of political protests, due in part to its proximity to parliament, as well as the ethnicity of its traders and shoppers.

Burgess (title)
A burgess was the holder of a certain status in an English, Irish or Scottish borough in the Middle Ages and the early modern period, designating someone of the burgher class. It originally meant a freeman of a borough or burgh, but later came to be used mostly for office-holders in a town or one of its representatives in the House of Commons of England.