hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second C. A. Sawyer House
The Second C. A. Sawyer House is a historic house at 86 Waban Ave. in Newton, Massachusetts.  The 2+1⁄2-story brick building was designed by Derby and Robinson and built in 1919.  It is a well-executed example of Colonial Revival styling in brick, and demonstrates infill construction in established neighborhoods.  It is the second of three houses designed by Derby and Robinson for Charles Adrian Sawyer, a builder, and built between 1910 and 1926.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as "C. A. Sawyer House (Second)".  The National Register incorrectly lists it at 221 Prince Street.

Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of Downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.
Paxson (surname)
Paxson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bud Paxson (1935–2015), American media executive

Diana Paxson, American writer

Edgar Samuel Paxson (1852–1919), American painter

Frederic L. Paxson (1877–1948), Pulitzer Prize-winning historian

James M. Paxson (died 1995), American businessman

Jim Paxson (born 1957), American former professional basketball player and executive

John Paxson (born 1960), American former professional basketball player and current executive, and the brother of Jim

Melanie Paxson (born 1972), American actress

Scott Paxson (born 1983), American football player

Vern Paxson, Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley

Melanie Paxson
Melanie Paxson is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Jaclyn in Cupid, Sara Brennan in Happy Family, and Julie in Notes from the Underbelly. She also played Fairy Godmother in the Descendants film series, being the only cast member present in all five installments. Paxson also appeared in a number of Gladware television commercials in the early 2000s.
Exa Corporation
Exa Corporation was a developer and distributor of computer-aided engineering (CAE) software. Its main product was PowerFLOW, a lattice-boltzmann derived implementation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which can very accurately simulate internal and external flows in low-Mach regimes. PowerFLOW is used extensively in the international automotive and transportation industries.

On November 17, 2017, Dassault Systèmes completed acquisition of Exa Corporation.  Exa became part of Dassault's SIMULIA brand.

Internal flow
In fluid mechanics, internal flow is a flow wherein the fluid is completely confined by inner surfaces of an item (e.g. a tube). Hence the boundary layer is unable to develop without eventually being constrained. The internal flow configuration represents a convenient geometry for heating and cooling fluids used in chemical processing, environmental control, and energy conversion technologies. Internal flow is fully dominated by viscosity throughout the flow field.

An example includes flow in a pipe.
TubeMogul
TubeMogul is an enterprise software company for brand advertising.

TubeMogul is headquartered in Emeryville, California and has global offices located in Chengdu (China), Chicago, Detroit, Kyiv, New York, London, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Paris, São Paulo, Singapore, Shanghai, Sydney, Toronto, and Tokyo.

In November 2016, Adobe Systems Incorporated announced an agreement to acquire TubeMogul.

Venture round
A venture round is a type of funding round used for venture capital financing, by which startup companies obtain investment, generally from venture capitalists and other institutional investors. The availability of venture funding is among the primary stimuli for the development of new companies and technologies.
Elginfield Observatory
The Elginfield Observatory was an astronomical observatory located in the township of Middlesex Centre, Ontario, Canada, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of London, Ontario.  The observatory was owned and operated by the University of Western Ontario, and opened in 1969.  The observatory featured a 1.2 m (47 in) Ritchey–Chrétien telescope built by Boller and Chivens which is used for spectroscopy and photometry.  The telescope could be configured to feed instruments at the Cassegrain, Nasmyth, and Coudé foci.  Research done there included monitoring the changing size of Cepheid variable stars, estimating out-gasing of minor planets, and searching for large Perseid meteoroids.

The observatory was closed at the end of 2010.

Ritchey–Chrétien telescope
A Ritchey–Chrétien telescope (RCT or simply RC) is a specialized variant of the Cassegrain telescope that has a hyperbolic primary mirror and a hyperbolic secondary mirror designed to eliminate off-axis optical errors (coma). The RCT has a wider field of view free of optical errors compared to a more traditional reflecting telescope configuration. Since the mid 20th century, a majority of large professional research telescopes have been Ritchey–Chrétien configurations; some well-known examples are the Hubble Space Telescope, the Keck telescopes and the ESO Very Large Telescope.
The Mississippi Bubble
The Mississippi Bubble is a 1902 novel by American author Emerson Hough.  It was Hough's first bestseller, and the fourth-best selling novel in the United States in 1902.

The historical novel revolves around the story of John Law (1671-1729) and the "Mississippi Bubble", an economic bubble of speculative investment in the French colony of Louisiana.

The book sold well from the time of its release, with The New York Times reporting 1,000 copies selling per day in the first month of its release. It became the number one best-selling book in America for the month in the August 1902 issue of The Bookman.

Hough wrote the book at night, working between 10pm and 4am, after his day job at Forest and Stream magazine in Chicago.  He earned $11,640.15 from it.

John Law's Company
John Law's Company, founded in 1717 by Scottish economist and financier John Law, was a joint-stock company that occupies a unique place in French and European monetary history, as it was for a brief moment granted the entire revenue-raising capacity of the French state. It also absorbed all previous French chartered colonial companies and was popularly known as the Compagnie du Mississippi (Mississippi Company), even though under Law's leadership its overseas operations remained secondary to its domestic financial activity.

In February 1720, the company acquired John Law's Bank, which had been France's first central bank. The experiment was short-lived, and after a stock market collapse of the company's shares in the second half of 1720 (the Mississippi Bubble), the company was placed under government receivership in April 1721. It emerged from that process in 1723 as the French Indies Company, focused on what had been the overseas operations of Law's Company.
1997 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship
The 1997 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship was the ninth edition of the Asian Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF). The tournament was held in Manila, Philippines from 21 to 28 September 1997.

Asian Volleyball Confederation
The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is one of five continental governing bodies in volleyball. It governs indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, and other disciplines in Asia and Oceania, excluding the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey, as well as the West Asian countries of Armenia, Cyprus, and Israel. The AVC consists of 65 national association members.

The AVC consists of the national volleyball federations of Asia and Oceania, and club competitions including the Asian Volleyball Championships, Nations Cup, and Champions League, and also controls the prize money, regulations, as well as media rights to those competitions.

Masaichi Nishikawa acted as the first president. The current president is Ramon Suzara, a Philippine National Volleyball Federation president, who was elected as AVC's ninth president at the 25th AVC General Assembly in Bangkok in August 2024.
Feeley
Feeley (Irish: Ó Fithcheallaigh) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. J. Feeley (born 1977), American football player

Andy Feeley (born 1961), English footballer

Camilla Feeley (born 1999), American gymnast

Don Feeley (1937–2020), American basketball coach

Frank Feeley (1912–1985), British automotive designer

Gregory Feeley (born 1955), American teacher, critic, essayist and author of speculative fiction

John Feeley (born 1955), Irish classical guitarist

John D. Feeley (born 1961), American diplomat

Martin Feeley (born 1950), Irish rower

Myron Henry Feeley (1885–1976), Canadian politician

Kathleen Feeley (born 1929), American educator

Paul Feeley (1910–1966), American artist

Tim McFeeley (born 1946), American gay rights activist

Tyler Feeley (born 1997), Serbian-American soccer player

Andy Feeley
Andrew James Feeley (born 30 September 1961) is an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City, Brentford, Bury and Hereford United as a right back. He later became manager of North West Counties League club Ramsbottom United and also worked as scout.
Valérie Fabre
Valerie Fabre (born 30 July 1966) is a French athlete who competes in compound archery. Her achievements include an individual gold medal at the 2004 European Archery Championships, multiple team medals at the World Archery Championships, stage wins at the FITA Archery World Cup in 2006, 2007 and 2008, and becoming the world number one ranked archer from July 2005 to June 2006.

2008 Archery World Cup
The 2008 Archery World Cup was the 3rd edition of the international archery circuit, organised by the World Archery Federation. The best individual and mixed performers in each discipline over the three legs then joined host representatives in qualifying for the finals.
Laurent Zeimet
Laurent Zeimet (Luxembourgish pronunciation: ['loʀɑ̃ː 'tsɑjmæt]; born 12 October 1974) is a Luxembourgish politician. Since 2023, he has served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from South. He previously served as a member of the Chamber from 2014 to 2018. He also serves as the mayor of Bettembourg.

Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)
The Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourgish: Chamber vun den Deputéierten or simply D'Chamber, French: Chambre des Députés, German: Abgeordnetenkammer), abbreviated to the Chamber, is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg. The metonym Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes, English: "Herb Market") is sometimes used for the Chamber, after the square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located.

The Chamber is made up of 60 seats. Deputies are elected to serve five-year terms by proportional representation in four multi-seat constituencies. Voters may vote for as many candidates as the constituency elects deputies.
Guillermo Huízar
Guillermo Huízar Carranza (born 25 June 1961) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). 
In the 2003 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the first district of Zacatecas during the 59th session of Congress.

1st federal electoral district of Zacatecas
The 1st federal electoral district of Zacatecas (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 01 de Zacatecas) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of four such districts in the state of Zacatecas.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period, by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Soledad Luévano Cantú of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Remember My Name (album)
Remember My Name is the debut studio album by American rapper Lil Durk. It was released on June 2, 2015, by Only the Family and Def Jam Recordings. The album's production was handled by C-Sick, DJ L, FKi, London on da Track, Metro Boomin, Vinylz, Young Chop and more, with fellow Def Jam label-mates Jeremih and Logic were the featured artists. The album garnered a positive reception but critics were mixed on the gangsta rap content and Auto-Tune delivery of them. Remember My Name debuted at number 14 on the Billboard 200 and only released one single: "Like Me". The deluxe edition adds appearances from Hypno Carlito and King Popo.

FKi 1st
Trocon Markous Roberts Jr. (born November 20, 1989), better known by his stage name FKi 1st, $1T or 1st Down, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, DJ, and record producer. He first became known as one half of the Atlanta-based production duo FKi with fellow producer SauceLordRich (or Daye Rich), which was formed in 2007. The duo produced for music industry artists in hip-hop and contemporary R&B during the 2010s, resulting in credits on Billboard Hot 100-charting singles such as "Dope" by Tyga, "Watch Out" by 2 Chainz, "Make It Rain", "Bring It Back" and "Ayy Ladies" by Travis Porter, as well as the quadruple platinum-certified single "Weekend" by Mac Miller. In his solo work, Roberts has co-produced the singles "Work" for Iggy Azalea in 2013, "White Iverson" for Post Malone in 2015, co-wrote "Deja Vu" for the artist the following year, and "Pick It Up" for Famous Dex in 2017.
Rail Riders
Rail Riders, originally called Great Rail Club was a club for young rail enthusiasts run by British Rail in the United Kingdom between 1981 and 1991.  Membership entitled children aged 5-15 to discounted rail travel, receipt of a regular quarterly magazine called Rail Riders Express, and free entry to the Rail Riders World model railway exhibit at York railway station.

The organisation used the slogan the happiest club in the land and travel, action, fun! During 1981/82 the British Rail Passenger Marketing Services department considered the future promotion of the club.  The logo was based on a side-profile of the British Rail Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train (APT), and a knitting pattern for a pullover with the logo was made by Robin wools.

The club closed in 1991.

On 8 October 2019 it was announced that a new club, unconnected with the original, would revive the 'Rail Riders' name and would be launched in February 2020, nearly 30 years after the original club closed.

Railfan
A railfan, train fan, rail buff or train buff (American English), railway enthusiast, railway buff, anorak (British English), gunzel (Australian English), trainspotter (British English) or ferroequinologist is a person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems.

Railfans often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites dedicated to railfanning and railway enthusiasts, including Trains, Railfan & Railroad, The Railway Magazine, Locomotive Magazine and Railway Gazette International.
Arghya Roy Pradhan
Arghya Roy Pradhan is an Indian Politician who currently serves as Chairman of Changrabandha Development Authority. He is basically from the state of West Bengal. He is a two term member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Africa (journal)
Africa is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International African Institute. The journal covers the study of African societies and culture. The journal was established in 1928 and the editors-in-chief are Julie Archambault (Concordia University) and Joost Fontein (University of Johannesburg).

Africa strives to shed light on African philosophers, writers, and cultural and societal shifts.

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.
KCVH-LD
KCVH-LD (channel 6) is a low-power religious television station in Houston, Texas, United States. The station is owned by Daij Media. KCVH-LD's transmitter is located near Missouri City, Texas, in unincorporated northeastern Fort Bend County.

Fort Bend County, Texas
Fort Bend County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. The county was founded on December 29, 1837, and organized the next year. It is named for a blockhouse at a bend of the Brazos River. The community developed around the fort in early days. The county seat is Richmond. The largest city located entirely within the county borders is Sugar Land. The largest city by population in the county is Houston, but most of Houston's population is located in neighboring Harris County.

Fort Bend County is included in the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, its population was 822,779, making it the state's eighth-most populous county, and was estimated to be 958,434 in 2024. In 2017, Forbes ranked it the fifth-fastest growing county in the United States.
Badgerland Hockey Conference
The Badgerland Hockey Conference is a high school athletic conference sponsoring boys hockey. Founded in 1984, its membership is concentrated in the Fox Valley region of Wisconsin and is affiilated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
Highland stoneroller
The highland stoneroller (Campostoma spadiceum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. It is endemic to the United States where it occurs in certain drainages of the Red, Ouachita, and lower Arkansas river basins from eastern Oklahoma to central Arkansas.

Ouachita River
The Ouachita River (/ˈwɑːʃɪtɑː/ WAH-shi-tah) is a 605-mile-long (974 km) river that runs south and east through the U.S. states of Arkansas and Louisiana, joining the Tensas River to form the Black River near Jonesville, Louisiana. It is the 25th-longest river in the United States (by main stem).
Universal algebra
Universal algebra (sometimes called general algebra) is the field of mathematics that studies algebraic structures in general, not specific types of algebraic structures.
For instance, rather than considering groups or rings as the object of study—this is the subject of group theory and ring theory— in universal algebra, the object of study is the possible types of algebraic structures and their relationships.

Topological group
In mathematics, topological groups are the combination of groups and topological spaces, i.e. they are groups and topological spaces at the same time, such that the continuity condition for the group operations connects these two structures together and consequently they are not independent from each other.

Topological groups were studied extensively in the period of 1925 to 1940. Haar and Weil (respectively in 1933 and 1940) showed that the integrals and Fourier series are special cases of a construct that can be defined on a very wide class of topological groups.

Topological groups, along with continuous group actions, are used to study continuous symmetries, which have many applications, for example, in physics. In functional analysis, every topological vector space is an additive topological group with the additional property that scalar multiplication is continuous; consequently, many results from the theory of topological groups can be applied to functional analysis.
2018 Columbus, Georgia mayoral election
The 2018 Columbus, Georgia mayoral election took place on May 22, 2018. Incumbent Mayor Teresa Tomlinson was term-limited and unable to seek a third consecutive term. City Councilman Skip Henderson won the election with 56 percent of the vote, avoiding the need for a runoff election.

Teresa Tomlinson
Teresa Pike Tomlinson (born February 19, 1965) is an American politician and attorney. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was elected and served as the 69th Mayor of Columbus, Georgia, in 2010. On January 3, 2011, she was sworn in as the city's first female mayor.

On May 20, 2014, she was re-elected to a second term with 62% of the vote, making her the first mayor since the city's consolidation in 1971 to win re-election in a contested race. She unsuccessfully ran for U.S. Senate against Republican incumbent David Perdue in the 2020 election, losing the Democratic primary to Jon Ossoff.
Oracle Net Services
Oracle Net Services consists of sets of software developed by Oracle Corporation which enable client applications to establish and maintain network sessions with Oracle Database servers. Since Oracle databases operate in and across a variety of software and hardware environments, Oracle Corporation supplies high-level transparent networking facilities with the intention of providing networking functionality regardless of differences in nodes and protocols.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.