hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbiad
The columbiad was a large-caliber, smoothbore, muzzle-loading cannon able to fire heavy projectiles at both high and low trajectories. This feature enabled the columbiad to fire solid shot or shell to long ranges, making it an excellent seacoast defense weapon for its day.: 61, 63   The columbiad was first made at the foundry of Henry Foxall on the Potomac in Georgetown for use at Fort Columbus on Governor's Island in New York. Columbiads were used in United States seacoast defense from the War of 1812 until the early years of the 20th century. Very few columbiads were used outside of the U.S. and Confederate Armies; nevertheless, the columbiad is considered by some as the inspiration for the later shell-only cannons developed by Frenchman Henri-Joseph Paixhans some 30 years later.

Projectile
A projectile is an object that is propelled by the application of an external force and then moves freely under the influence of gravity and air resistance. Although any objects in motion through space are projectiles, they are commonly found in warfare and sports (for example, a thrown baseball, kicked football, fired bullet, shot arrow, a ball from a cannon, stone released from catapult).

In ballistics, mathematical equations of motion are used to analyze projectile trajectories through launch, flight, and impact.
Burham, Ramallah
Burham (Arabic: بُرهام) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate located twelve kilometers north of Ramallah. The largest nearby town is Bir Zeit located to the southeast. The average elevation of Burham is 680 meters above sea level. The village was established during the Byzantine Empire rule over Palestine.

Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
31°55′59″N 35°12′18″E﻿ / ﻿31.933°N 35.205°E﻿ / 31.933; 35.205

The Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate (Arabic: محافظة رام الله والبيرة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Rām Allāh wa l Bīra) is one of 16  governorates of Palestine. It covers a large part of the central West Bank, on the northern border of the Jerusalem Governorate. Its district capital or muhfaza (seat) is the city of al-Bireh.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the district had a population of 279,730 in 2007. Laila Ghannam serves as governor, the first woman in this role.
Daryl Watts
Daryl Watts (born May 15, 1999) is a Canadian ice hockey forward for the Toronto Sceptres of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) and a member of Canada’s national women’s hockey team.

Watts finished her NCAA career as the second-highest scorer of all time and remains the
highest-scoring active player to have competed in NCAA women’s hockey. A four-time NCAA
All-American (three First Team selections), she is the first freshman ever to win the Patty Kazmaier Award. She also publicly disclosed a US$150,000 salary for the 2023–24
PHF season, which remains the highest publicly disclosed annual salary in professional
women’s hockey. In 2021, she was named University of Wisconsin Female Athlete of the Year.

Toronto Sceptres
The Toronto Sceptres are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto that competes in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They are one of the six charter franchises of the league. The team plays its home games at Coca-Cola Coliseum. Toronto topped the standings in the league's inaugural regular season.
Roger Brand
Roger Brand (January 5, 1943 – November 23, 1985) was an American cartoonist who created stories for both mainstream and underground comic books. His work showed a fascination with horror and eroticism, often combining the two.

Erotic comics
Erotic comics are adult comics which focus substantially on nudity and sexual activity, either for their own sake or as a major story element. As such they are usually not permitted to be sold to legal minors. Like other genres of comics, they can consist of single panels, short comic strips, comic books, or graphic novels/albums. Although never a mainstream genre, they have existed as a niche alongside –  but usually separate from –  other genres of comics.

During the mid-20th century, most comics were produced for children, and in North America the contents of most comics were constrained by the Comics Code Authority to be suitable for children. Consequently, erotic comics have sometimes been subject to criticism and extra scrutiny compared to other forms of erotic art and storytelling. Additionally, the application of laws against child pornography to materials featuring fictional characters with no legal ages, have varied internationally and regionally.
Hell Den
Hell Den is an adult animated sketch comedy television series that premiered on May 10, 2019 on the internet platform DrinkTV and later moved to Syfy's late-night programming block, TZGZ. The second season premiered on November 7, 2020.

It is a post-apocalyptic series, with the protagonist being the only survivor of a destroyed civilization. With nothing else to do, the survivor spends his time by watching cartoons and movies in the last-surviving television and VCR on the planet.

Videocassette recorder
A videocassette recorder (VCR) or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other AV sources and can play back the recording after rewinding. The use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly referred to as time shifting. VCRs can also play back prerecorded tapes, which were widely available for purchase and rental starting in the 80s and 90s, most popularly in the VHS videocassette format. Blank tapes were sold to make recordings.

VCRs declined in popularity during the 2000s and in 2016, Funai Electric, the last remaining manufacturer, ceased production.
Saint David, Maine
Saint David is an unincorporated village in the town of Madawaska, in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The community is located on U.S. Route 1 in the Saint John River Valley, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) east of the village of Madawaska. Saint David has a post office, with ZIP code 04773.

U.S. Route 1 in Maine
U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in the U.S. state of Maine is a major north–south section of the United States Numbered Highway System, serving the eastern part of the state. It parallels the Atlantic Ocean from New Hampshire north through Portland, Brunswick, and Belfast to Calais, and then the St. Croix River and the rest of the Canada–United States border via Houlton to Fort Kent. The portion along the ocean, known as the Coastal Route, provides a scenic alternate to Interstate 95 (I-95).
Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer
The Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer (previously known as the Apsara Award for Best Male Playback Singer) is given by the producers of the film and television guild as part of its annual award ceremony to recognise the best Indian film of the year. Following its inception in 2004, no one was awarded in 2005 and 2007.

Shankar Mahadevan
Shankar Mahadevan (born 2 March 1967) is an Indian singer and composer who is part of the Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy trio that makes music for Indian films. In 2023, he was awarded an honorary doctorate (honoris causa degree) by Birmingham City University.
Churapanovo
Churapanovo (Russian: Чурапаново; Bashkir: Сурапан, Surapan) is a rural locality (a village) in Seytyakovsky Selsoviet, Baltachevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 44 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Baltachevsky District
Baltachevsky District (Russian: Балта́чевский райо́н; Bashkir: Балтаc районы, Baltas rayonı; Tatar: Балтач районы, Baltaç rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Tatyshlinsky District in the north, Askinsky and Karaidelsky Districts in the east, Mishkinsky District in the south, and with Burayevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,598 square kilometers (617 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Starobaltachevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,623, with the population of Starobaltachevo accounting for 25.9% of that number.
Quarters 1 (Rock Island)
Quarters One (also known as Building 301) is the former residence of the highest-ranking officer at Rock Island Arsenal in Rock Island, Illinois on the banks of the Mississippi River.  At 51 rooms and 21,965 square feet (2,040.6 m2), Quarters One is the second-largest federal residence in the United States, behind the White House.

Rock Island, Illinois
Rock Island is a city in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The population was 37,108 at the 2020 census. Located at the confluence of the Rock and Mississippi rivers, it is one of the Quad Cities along with neighboring Moline and East Moline in Illinois and the cities of Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 in 2020.

The city is home to Rock Island Arsenal, the largest government-owned weapons manufacturing arsenal in the United States, which employs 6,000 people. The original Rock Island, from which the city name is derived, is now called Arsenal Island.
Whitney High School
Whitney High School can refer to:

Whitney High School (Cerritos, California)

Whitney High School (Rocklin, California)

Whitney High School (Texas) in Whitney, Texas

Whitney High School (Toledo, Ohio), closed in 1991

Whitney High School (Cerritos, California)
Gretchen A. Whitney High School, called Whitney High School or WHS, is a public school in Cerritos, California serving grades 7–12.  It is in the ABC Unified School District.
According to US News Report, as of August 2025, Whitney High School is ranked 1st in the state of California and ranked 16th nationally among all high schools.
Mae Flexer
Mae Flexer is a member of the Connecticut State Senate representing the state's 29th district, which includes the towns of Brooklyn, Canterbury, Killingly, Mansfield, Putnam, Scotland, Thompson, and Windham. A Democrat, Flexer previously served three terms in the Connecticut House of Representatives representing the state's 44th assembly district.

Windham, Connecticut
Windham (/ˈwɪndəm/ WIN-dəm) is a town in Windham County, Connecticut,  United States. It contains the former city of Willimantic as well as the communities of Windham Center, North Windham, and South Windham. Willimantic, an incorporated city since 1893, was consolidated with the town in 1983. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 24,428 at the 2020 census.
Lozano de Peralta family
The Lozano de Peralta family was one of the most aristocratic families of Colombia during the colonial age, well known for being the richest family of the new kingdom of Granada. ln 1771, they acquired the title of Marquises, the only noble title of Colombia. The marquisate of Saint George of Bogotá was a noble title given to Jorge Miguel Lozano de Peralta by the King Carlos III.

Marquess
A marquess (UK: /ˈmɑːrkwɪs/; French: marquis [maʁki]) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave) and the Italian-language equivalent Marchese. A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness (/ˈmɑːrʃənɛs/) or marquise (French: [maʁkiz] ⓘ). These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
Amaram Akhilam Prema
Amaram Akhilam Prema is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Jonathan Edwards and produced by Vevkds Prasad. The film stars Vijay Ram and Shivshakti Sachdev along with Naresh, Annapoorna  and Srikanth Iyengar in supporting roles. The music was composed by Radhan while cinematography was handled by Rasool Ellore and editing done by Mariappan. The film was released on Aha on 18 September 2020.

Rasool Ellore
Rasool Ellore Reddy (born 8 October 1964), also known as Rasool, is an Indian cinematographer, screenwriter, and director known for his works in Telugu, and Hindi films. He is the brother-in-law and cousin of noted cinematographers, S. Gopal Reddy and Sameer Reddy, respectively. He is known for his works in films such as Gaayam, Gulabi, Chitram, and others. He made his debut as a director with the romantic comedy, Okariki Okaru. He has garnered three state Nandi Awards.
Twila Cassadore
Twila Cassadore is an Arizona-based forager, food educator, advocate for Indigenous food sovereignty, and member of the San Carlos Apache Tribe who teaches Indigenous food traditions throughout the Western Apache tribes. Through her work, Cassadore promotes the importance of foods consumed by Apaches prior to the forcible relocation of Native Americans to reservations and subsequent reliance on government rations. She interviews tribal elders, takes foraging trips into the wilderness, and delivers public presentations to share her research.

Western Apache people
The Western Apache are an Indigenous people of North America, and a subgroup of Apache peoples. They live primarily in east central Arizona, in the United States and north of Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua.

Most live within reservations in Arizona. The Fort Apache Indian Reservation, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Yavapai-Apache Nation, Tonto Apache Reservation, and the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation are home to the majority of Western Apache and are the bases of their federally recognized tribes.

The Western Apache bands call themselves Ndee (Indé), meaning 'The People' in the Western Apache language. Because of dialectical differences, the Pinaleño/Pinal and Arivaipa/Aravaipa bands of the San Carlos Apache pronounce the word as Innee or Nnēē:.
1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre individual medley
The women's 200 metre individual medley competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24–25 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Kristine Quance of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.

Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre
The Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre (SOPAC), formerly Sydney International Aquatic Centre (SIAC), is a swimming venue located in the Sydney Olympic Park in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Built in 1994, the SOPAC was a major venue for the 2000 Summer Olympics as it hosted the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, the medal events for water polo, and the swimming portion of the modern pentathlon competitions. The SOPAC has since been a host venue for numerous schools and swimming associations around New South Wales. Currently, it has most notably been the venue for the annual CAS Swimming Championships. It is also scheduled to be the site of the 2022 Duel in the Pool. The SOPAC also includes a swim shop at the entry of the arena, a play area, a health club and operates swimming classes for all ages.

The arena currently holds 10,000 people. Capacity was boosted to 17,000 during the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Baiturrahman Grand Mosque
Baiturrahman Grand Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Raya Baiturrahman; Acehnese: Meuseujid Raya Baiturrahman)
is a mosque located in Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. The Baiturrahman Grand Mosque is a symbol of religion, culture, spirit, strength, struggle, and nationalism of the Acehnese people. The mosque is a landmark in Banda Aceh and has survived the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.

Acehnese language
Acehnese (/ˌɑːtʃəˈniːz/ AH-chə-NEEZ; Bahsa/Basa Acèh; Jawoe: بهسا اچيه, IPA: [bahsa at͡ʃɛh]), also written as  Achinese, is an Austronesian language of the Chamic branch natively spoken by the Acehnese people in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. This language is also spoken by Acehnese descendants in some parts of Malaysia like in Yan District, Kedah.  Acehnese is used as the co-official language in the province of Aceh, alongside Indonesian.

Being part of the Chamic languages group, Acehnese is the only Austronesian language of the Chamic branch spoken in Indonesia, its closest relatives are the other Chamic languages, which are principally spoken in Vietnam and Cambodia.
Miss World 2007
Miss World 2007 was the 57th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, China, on December 1, 2007.

Taťána Kuchařová of the Czech Republic crowned Zhang Zilin of China as her successor at the end of the event.

Taťána Kuchařová
Taťána Kuchařová, formerly Taťána Gregor Brzobohatá (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtacaːna ˈkuxar̝ovaː]; born 23 December 1987) is a Czech model and beauty queen who won the title of Miss Czech Republic and Miss World 2006. In doing so, she made history to become the first woman from the Czech Republic ever to win the title at the final event of the Miss World competition, held on 30 September 2006, in Warsaw, Poland. She finished in second place in StarDance, the Czech version of Dancing with the Stars, in 2013.
Lys-MDMA
Lys-MDMA, or lysine-MDMA, also known as N-(L-lysinamidyl)-MDMA, is an intended prodrug of MDMA which was being investigated for possible use as a pharmaceutical drug in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Structurally, lys-MDMA is to MDMA as lisdexamfetamine is to dextroamphetamine As of August 2024, a phase 1 clinical trial comparing MDMA, MDA, lys-MDMA, and lys-MDA has been conducted and completed. Lys-MDMA was being developed by MindMed.

The published phase 1 clinical trial unexpectedly found that lys-MDMA does not convert into MDMA in humans and is completely inactive. This is in contrast to lisdexamfetamine and lys-MDA, where are converted into dextroamphetamine and MDA, respectively. The lack of conversion was attributed to steric hindrance caused by the N-methyl group of lys-MDMA.

Chemical structure
A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together and can be represented using structural formulae and by molecular models; complete electronic structure descriptions include specifying the occupation of a molecule's molecular orbitals. Structure determination can be applied to a range of targets from very simple molecules (e.g., diatomic oxygen or nitrogen) to very complex ones (e.g., such as protein or DNA).
1927 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1927 Chicago Cardinals season was their eighth in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 5–6–1, winning only three games. They finished ninth in the league.

1926 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1926 Chicago Cardinals season was their seventh in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 11–2–1, winning only five games. They finished tenth in the league.
HD 63454
HD 63454, formally named Ceibo, is a star  located in the southern circumpolar constellation Chamaeleon near the border with Mensa. To see the star, one needs a small telescope because it has an apparent magnitude of 9.36, which is below the limit for naked eye visibility. The object is located relatively close at a distance of 123 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 33.8 km/s.  At its current distance, HD 63454's brightness is diminished by two tenths of a magnitude due to interstellar dust. It has an absolute magnitude of +6.68.

Gaia catalogues
The Gaia catalogues are star catalogues created using the results obtained by Gaia space telescope. The catalogues are released in stages that will contain increasing amounts of information; the early releases also miss some stars, especially fainter stars located in dense star fields. Data from every data release can be accessed at the Gaia archive.
Mohamad v. Palestinian Authority
Mohamad v. Palestinian Authority, 566 U.S. 449 (2012) was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991 (TVPA), 28 U.S.C. § 1350, applies exclusively to natural persons and does not impose liability against any organizational entity.

Natural person
In jurisprudence, a natural person (also physical person in some Commonwealth countries, or natural entity) is a person (in legal meaning, i.e., one who has its own legal personality) that is an individual human being, distinguished from the broader category of a legal person, which may be a private (i.e., business entity or non-governmental organization) or public (i.e., government) organization. Historically, a human being was not necessarily considered a natural person in some jurisdictions where slavery existed (subject of a property right) rather than a person.
Jeff (album)
Jeff is the ninth studio album by guitarist Jeff Beck, released on 5 August 2003 through Epic Records. The album reached No. 92 on the French albums chart and No. 122 on the U.S. Billboard 200. "Plan B" won the award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 2004 Grammys.

46th Annual Grammy Awards
The 46th Annual Grammy Awards honored the best recordings, compositions, and artists from October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2003, as chosen by the members of the Recording Academy, on February 8, 2004. In its 4th year at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, the ceremony was broadcast on tape delay by CBS.

Beyoncé was the biggest winner of the night, taking five awards, and Outkast, who won three awards including Album of the Year. Tied for the most nominations, with six each, were Beyoncé, Outkast, and Jay-Z.
Joyce K. Reynolds
Joyce Kathleen Reynolds (March 8, 1952 – December 28, 2015) was an American computer scientist who played a significant role in developing protocols underlying the Internet. She authored or co-authored many RFCs, most notably those introducing and specifying the Telnet, FTP, and POP protocols.

Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet responsible for the technical standards of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster or requirements and all its participants are volunteers. Their work is usually funded by employers or other sponsors.

The IETF was initially supported by the federal government of the United States but since 1993 has operated under the auspices of the Internet Society, an American non-profit organization with local chapters around the world.
Oratory of San Desiderio, Pistoia
The Oratory of San Desiderio is a prayer hall located on Via Laudesi #53 in Pistoia, region of Tuscany, Italy. It houses 16th century paintings by Sebastiano Vini, Domenico Cresti (also called il Passignano), Francesco Curradi, and Matteo Rosselli. The oratory is diagonally across from the apse of Santa Maria Nuova.

The church was attached to a hospital, later converted into a Benedictine convent of nuns, putatively of the Mantellate order. In 1516, it became property of the Franciscan order until suppressed in 1786. Purchased by the Amati family, whose ancestor had patronized the decoration of the oratory. This family arranged in 1844 to have church reconsecrated. The oratory's counterfacade contains a massive fresco by Vini depicting the Crucifixion of St Desiderio. The colorful scene is crowded and varied, and the superior panoramic has a gallery of tortuous crucifixions. In the oratory's coffered ceiling were eleven canvas by Cresti, Curradi, and Rosselli.

Matteo Rosselli
Matteo Rosselli (10 August 1578 – 18 January 1650) was an Italian painter of the late Florentine Counter-Mannerism and early Baroque. He is best known however for his highly populated grand-manner historical paintings.