hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subreption
Subreption (Latin: subreptio, "the act of stealing", from surripere, "to take away secretly"; German: Erschleichung) is a legal concept in Roman law, in the canon law of the Catholic Church, and in Scots law, as well as a philosophical concept.

Christian Wolff (philosopher)
Christian Wolff (/vɔːlf/; less correctly Wolf, German: [vɔlf]; also known as Wolfius; ennobled as Christian Freiherr von Wolff in 1745; 24 January 1679 – 9 April 1754) was a German philosopher. Wolff is characterized as one of the most eminent German philosophers between Leibniz and Kant. His life work spanned almost every scholarly subject of his time, displayed and unfolded according to his demonstrative-deductive, mathematical method, which some deem the peak of Enlightenment rationality in Germany.

Wolff wrote in German as his primary language of scholarly instruction and research, although he did translate his works into Latin for his transnational European audience.  A founding father of, among other fields, economics and public administration as academic disciplines, he concentrated especially in these fields, giving advice on practical matters to people in government, and stressing the professional nature of university education.
Nogent-sur-Vernisson
Nogent-sur-Vernisson (French pronunciation: [nɔʒɑ̃ syʁ vɛʁnisɔ̃]) is a commune in the eastern part of the Loiret department in the Centre-Val de Loire region central-north France.

The main employer in the town is the CIMRG plant which manufactures components for Renault cars and employs some 800 people. Nogent-sur-Vernisson station has rail connections to Montargis, Nevers and Paris.

Nogent-sur-Vernisson is the site of the Arboretum national des Barres, adjacent to which is a division of the research agency Irstea (formerly Cemagref), which works to conserve the genetic resources of native trees.

The town has a 12th-century AD church of St Martin in which Pope Pius VII celebrated Mass while on his way to the coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804. There are also remains of walls from Roman times.

Loiret
Loiret (/lwɑːˈreɪ/; French: [lwaʁɛ]) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of north-central France. It takes its name from the river Loiret, which is contained wholly within the department. In 2019, Loiret had a population of 680,434.

Its prefecture is Orléans, which is about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Paris. As well as being the regional prefecture, it is a historic city on the banks of the Loire. It has a large central area with many historic buildings and mansions. Orléans Cathedral, dating back to the 13th century, was rebuilt after Protestant forces destroyed it in 1568. Loiret has two subprefectures, in Montargis and Pithiviers. It is famous for its several châteaux.
Luis Misón
Luis Misón (c. 26 August 1727 – 13 February 1776) was a Spanish composer.  Born in Mataró, Barcelona, he composed over 100 tonadillas, including Una mesonera y un arriero ("The Hand Maiden and the Hunter", c. 1757), which contains the song "Seguidilla dolorosa de una enamorada" ("Painful song of a girl in love", Los ciegos (1758), and El maestro de baile (1761).

Mataró
Mataró (Catalan pronunciation: [mətəˈɾo]) is the capital and largest town of the Maresme county in Catalonia, Spain. It is located on the Maresme coast, to the south of Costa Brava, between Cabrera de Mar and Sant Andreu de Llavaneres, 30 kilometres (19 miles) north-east of Barcelona. As of 2021, it had a population of 129,749.
Rehderodendron kwangtungense
Rehderodendron kwangtungense is a species of tree found in southern China. It belongs to the family Styracaceae, and it grows in forests at elevations between 100 and 1300 meters. The species is described based on a sample discovered in Ruyuan, Guangdong.

Kwangtungense refers to it originating from Guangdong. Its common name in Hong Kong is literally called Guangdong red papaya (廣東木瓜紅), due to the fruit's shape resembling that of a papaya.

Northern and southern China
Northern China (Chinese: 中国北方 or 中国北部; lit. 'China's North') and southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
Necronauts
Necronauts was a story appearing in the British comics anthology 2000 AD, by British comics writer Gordon Rennie and artist Frazer Irving. It brought Irving to public attention as his high contrast black and white artwork complemented Rennie's dark storyline.

Charles Fort
Charles Hoy Fort (August 6, 1874 – May 3, 1932) was an American writer and researcher who specialized in anomalous phenomena. The terms "Fortean" and "Forteana" are sometimes used to characterize various such phenomena. Fort's books sold well and are still in print. His work continues to inspire admirers, who refer to themselves as "Forteans", and has influenced some aspects of science fiction.

Fort's collections of scientific anomalies, including The Book of the Damned (1919), influenced numerous science-fiction writers with their skepticism and as sources of ideas. "Fortean" phenomena are events which seem to challenge the boundaries of accepted scientific knowledge, and the Fortean Times (founded as The News in 1973 and renamed in 1976) investigates such phenomena.
2021 Engie Open de Biarritz – Singles
The 2021 Engie Open de Biarritz – Singles was the singles event in the 18th edition of the Engie Open de Biarritz, a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts.

Viktoriya Tomova was the defending champion, having won the previous edition in 2019, however she chose to compete in Budapest instead.

Francesca Jones won the title, defeating Oksana Selekhmeteva in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–4).

Viktoriya Tomova
Viktoriya Konstantinova Tomova (Bulgarian: Виктория Константинова Томова, born 25 February 1995) is a Bulgarian professional tennis player. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 46 on 29 July 2024. Her best doubles ranking is No. 137, achieved on 8 September 2025. Tomova is the current No. 1 Bulgarian female singles player.

Competing for Bulgaria, she has a win–loss record of 13–13 (as of May 2025) in Billie Jean King Cup competitions.
Atriplex vesicaria
Atriplex vesicaria, commonly known as bladder saltbush, is a species of flowering plant of the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to arid and semi-arid inland regions of Australia. It is an upright or sprawling shrub with scaly leaves and separate male and female plants, the fruit often with a bladder-like appendage.

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
Hurst Green, Lancashire
Hurst Green is a small village in the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England, connected in its history to the Jesuit school, Stonyhurst College. The village is 5 miles (8 km) from Longridge and 4 miles (6 km) from Clitheroe, and is close to the River Ribble, near its junction with the River Hodder.

Ribble Valley
Ribble Valley is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Clitheroe, the largest town. The borough also includes the town of Longridge and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. It is named after the River Ribble. Much of the district lies within the Forest of Bowland, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Pendle, Burnley, Hyndburn, Blackburn with Darwen, South Ribble, Preston, Wyre, Lancaster and North Yorkshire.
Fatemi Circle
The Fatemi Circle (Persian: حلقه فاطمی) is a nickname given to a clique of statesmen within the Government of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, reported to have been involved in numerous corruption scandals in Iran.

The clique became publicly known in April 2010, when Elyas Naderan, a Majlis member stated "Mr. Rahimi is the head of the corruption circle in Fatemi Street who made decisions about collecting resources from corrupt sources and about their distribution, and now almost all members of this economically corrupt network in Fatemi Street have been arrested except the current First Vice President of Iran." The claim was backed by Ahmad Tavakkoli and Ali Motahari.

According to the Chief Justice of Iran, "The members of this gang were able to deprive citizens and the treasury of billions of tomans through forging administrative and judicial documents. One of them alone was reported to have embezzled 6 billion tomans ($6 million USD)."

Vice presidents of Iran
First vice president of Iran (Persian: معاون اول رئیس‌جمهور ایران) is defined by article 124 of the Constitution of Iran as anyone appointed by the President of Iran to lead an organization related to presidential affairs in Iran. As of 2025, there are fifteen vice presidents. The first vice president leads cabinet meetings in the absence of the president.
Kuybyshev, Volgograd Oblast
Kuybyshev (Russian: Куйбышев) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Kuybyshevskoye Rural Settlement, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,468 as of 2010. There are 44 streets.

Sredneakhtubinsky District
Sredneakhtubinsky District (Russian: Среднеахту́бинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Sredneakhtubinsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,039 square kilometers (787 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Srednyaya Akhtuba. Population: 58,962 (2010 Census); 55,341 (2002 Census); 48,555 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Srednyaya Akhtuba accounts for 24.5% of the district's total population.
Robin E. Baker
Robin E. Baker is an American historian and academic administrator, currently serving as the 12th President of George Fox University in Newberg, Oregon. Since he took office in 2007, George Fox has grown to become the largest private university in Oregon.

Grand Canyon University
Grand Canyon University (GCU) is a private Christian university in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The U.S. Department of Education categorizes it as a for-profit institution, which the university has appealed. The university offers degrees in over 200 areas of study and is administratively divided into nine colleges. As of September 2023, more than 100,000 students were enrolled online and in person, making it one of the largest Christian universities by enrollment.

The Arizona Southern Baptist Convention established the institution in 1949 as Grand Canyon College. During the 1999–2000 academic year, the university ended its affiliation with the Southern Baptist Convention, and became non-denominational Christian. The university competes as the Grand Canyon Antelopes in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Mountain West Conference.
Ray Sadecki
Raymond Michael Sadecki (December 26, 1940 – November 17, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He is best remembered as the left-handed complement to Bob Gibson, who in 1964, won 20 games to lead the St. Louis Cardinals to their first World Series title in eighteen years. He was notable for throwing the palmball.

Kansas City, Kansas
Kansas City (commonly known as KCK) is the third-most populous city in the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Wyandotte County. It is an inner suburb of the older and more populous Kansas City, Missouri, after which it is named. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 156,607, making it one of four principal cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is situated at Kaw Point, the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers. It is part of a consolidated city-county government known as the "Unified Government". It is the location of the University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas City Kansas Community College.
Raymond Dupont
Raymond Dupont (born 27 December 1942) was a Canadian technical and labour consultant, businessman and politician. He was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

He was elected at Sainte-Marie electoral district in the 1972 federal election and was re-elected there in 1974. In the 1979 election, he campaigned in the Chambly electoral district and won re-election there. After one more victory in the 1980 election, he was defeated in 1984 by Richard Grisé of the Progressive Conservative party. He made another unsuccessful attempt to re-enter federal politics in the 1988 election at Saint-Hubert riding.

Dupont served four consecutive terms of office from the 29th to the 32nd Canadian Parliaments.

32nd Canadian Parliament
The 32nd Canadian Parliament was in session from April 14, 1980, until July 9, 1984. The membership was set by the 1980 federal election on February 18, 1980, and it only changed slightly due to resignations and by-elections prior to being dissolved before the 1984 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority, led first by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the 22nd Canadian Ministry, and then by Prime Minister John Turner and the 23rd Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led first by Joe Clark, and then Brian Mulroney.

The Speaker was Jeanne Sauvé then Cyril Lloyd Francis.

Ridings

There were two sessions of the 32nd Parliament:
One-party period of the Republic of Turkey
Turkey was a one-party state when it was established in 1923. The Republican People's Party (CHP) was the only party until 1945, when the National Development Party was established. After winning the first multiparty elections in 1946 by a landslide, the Republican People's Party lost the majority to the Democratic Party in the 1950 elections. During the one-party period, President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk repeatedly requested that opposition parties be established to stand against the Republican People's Party in order to transition into multi-party democracy. Kâzım Karabekir established the Progressive Republican Party in 1924 but it was banned after its members' involvement in the 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion. In 1930 the Liberal Republican Party was established but then dissolved again by its founder. Despite Atatürk's efforts to establish a self-propagating multi-party system, this was only established after his 1938 death.

1946 Turkish general election
General elections were held in Turkey on 21 July 1946, the first multi-party general elections in the country's history. The multiple non-transferable vote electoral system was used. The result was a victory for the Republican People's Party, which won 395 of the 465 seats. This election was held on the basis of open voting, secret counting and majority system, with the exception of judicial supervision (open vote, secret classification). Due to these irregularities, it has also been referred to as a "fraudulent election".
Post Office Road
Post Office Road (currently known as the Millennium Stadium for sponsorship purposes) is a rugby league ground in Featherstone, near Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England. It is the home of rugby league club Featherstone Rovers. The ground's current capacity is 6,954.

Pontefract
Pontefract is a historic market town in the City of Wakefield, a metropolitan district in West Yorkshire, England. It lies to the east of Wakefield and south of Castleford. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it had a population of 30,881 at the 2011 Census.

Pontefract's motto is Post mortem patris pro filio, Latin for "After the death of the father, support the son", a reference to the town's Royalist sympathies in the English Civil War. Small villages and settlements in the immediate area include Stapleton.
Francophone Nord-Ouest School District
Francophone Nord-Ouest School District (French: District Scolaire Francophone Nord-Ouest) is a Canadian school district in New Brunswick.

Francophone Nord-Ouest is a Francophone district operating 21 public schools (gr. K-12) in Carleton, Victoria, Madawaska and Restigouche counties.

Current enrollment is approximately 7,000 students and 470 teachers. Francophone Nord-Ouest School District is headquartered in Edmundston.

Restigouche County, New Brunswick
Restigouche County (French pronunciation: [ʁɛstiɡuʃ]; 2021 population 30,700) is located in north-central New Brunswick, Canada. The county is named for the Restigouche River which flows through the county and is famous for its salmon pools, which have attracted wealthy American and Canadian tourists to the region's summer colonies for decades. Forestry dominates the local economy.
Lucius Attius Macro
Lucius Attius Macro was a Roman senator and general, who was active during the early second century. He was suffect consul in the later part of AD 134 as the colleague of Publius Licinius Pansa. He is known entirely from inscriptions.

After serving as praetor, Macro was legatus legionis or commander of two Roman legions: Legio I Adiutrix, which was stationed at Brigetio in Pannonia Superior; and Legio VII Gemina, which was stationed in Hispania Tarraconensis. Senators rarely commanded more than one legion in their career; in compiling a list of all men known to have commanded two or more, Anthony Birley identified only thirty-three men. Attius Macro is also attested as governor of Pannonia Inferior immediately before he acceded to the consulate; Werner Eck dates his tenure in that province from the year 130 to 134.

After he stepped down from the consulate, the life of Attius Macro is a blank.

Pannonia Superior
Pannonia Superior (transl. 'Upper Pannonia') was a Roman province created from the division of Pannonia in 103 AD, its capital in Carnuntum. It overlapped in territory with modern-day Hungary, Croatia, Austria, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
John Spalding (Scottish politician)
John Spalding (1763 – 26 August 1815) was a Scottish MP in the British Parliament.

He represented Wigtown Burghs 1796–1803.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in July 1797.

He married Mary Anne Eden, daughter of Thomas Eden and Mariana Jones, on 19 December 1807; their son was John Eden Spalding. Mary Anne went on to marry Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux after his death.

Wigtown Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)
Wigtown Burghs, also known as Wigton Burghs and Wigtown District of Burghs, was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It was represented by one Member of Parliament (MP).
Katun
Katun mainly refers to a form of autonomous medieval community in the Balkans, generally made up of semi-nomadic herders (see Katun (community)). The term has been preserved in some local place names:

Katun (Vranje), a village in Vranje Municipality, Serbia

Katun (Aleksinac), a village in Aleksinac Municipality, Serbia

Gornji Katun, a village in Varvarin Municipality, Serbia

Donji Katun, a village in Varvarin Municipality, Serbia

Katun, Pljevlja, a village in Pljevlja Municipality, Montenegro

Katun nahiya, a small province (nahiya) during the Ottoman rule in Montenegro

Katun, Poreč, a village in Poreč Municipality, Croatia

Vranje
Vranje (Serbian Cyrillic: Врање, pronounced [ʋrâɲɛ] ⓘ) is a city in Southern Serbia and the administrative center of the Pčinja District. According to the 2022 census, the city itself had a population of 55,214 while the city administrative area had 74,381 inhabitants.

Vranje is the economical, political and cultural centre of the Pčinja District in Southern Serbia. It was the first city from the Balkans to be declared UNESCO city of Music in 2019. It is located on the Pan-European Corridor X, close to the borders with North Macedonia, Kosovo and Bulgaria. The Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Vranje is seated in the city, as is the 4th Land Force Brigade of the Serbian Army.
TvN (Asian TV channel)
tvN (formerly Channel M) is a Southeast Asian pay television channel managed by Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific, under the brand licensing agreement with CJ ENM HK.  It broadcasts a variety of South Korean TV series and shows from the CJ ENM TV networks (which includes the South Korean channel of the same name, as well as Mnet, OCN and others).  number of original shows were made for the Southeast Asian version.

OCN (TV channel)
OCN (originally an initialism of the Orion Cinema Network) is a movie channel on basic cable throughout South Korea, owned by CJ ENM E&M Division. In the 2000s, it became the most viewed station in South Korea, which prompted them to create their widely recognized English-language slogan, "Korea number-one channel." With cable TV penetration quite high in South Korea, OCN is a popular movie resource.

OCN's lineup is a mixture of movies from several years ago or earlier, particularly during the daytime, with more recent films during evening prime-time hours. They do not air movies that are as recent as those of sister station CatchOn, a pay service offered on cable TV. They also air episodes of popular overseas television series, mostly from the United States.
Werner Ulrich
Werner Ulrich (born 1948) is a Swiss social scientist and practical philosopher, and a former professor of the theory and practice of social planning at the University of Fribourg. He is known as one of the originators of critical systems thinking (CST) and in particular for the development of critical systems heuristics.

Practical philosophy
Practical philosophy concerns itself mainly with subjects that have applications in life, like the study of values, norms, politics, art, etc. The modern division of philosophy into theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy has its origin in Aristotle's categories of natural and moral philosophy. The one has theory for its object, and the other practice.
Mount Versteeg
Mount Versteeg is a 13,471-foot-elevation (4,106-meter) mountain summit located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California. It is situated on the common border of Tulare County with Inyo County, as well as the shared boundary of Sequoia National Park and John Muir Wilderness. It is 15 miles (24 km) west-northwest of the community of Lone Pine, one mile (1.6 km) southeast of Mount Tyndall, one mile (1.6 km) southwest of Mount Williamson, and 0.68 mile northwest of Trojan Peak, the nearest higher neighbor. Mt. Versteeg ranks as the 66th highest peak in California. Topographic relief is significant as it rises approximately 950 feet (290 meters) above Lake Helen of Troy in approximately 0.2 mile.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
MTV Australia Awards 2008
The MTV Australia Awards 2008 is the new title for the Australian MTV Awards previously known as the MTV Australia Video Music Awards. The show was held at Australian Technology Park in Redfern, Sydney on 26 April 2008 and aired live on MTV Australia and Fox8 on the Foxtel, Austar and Optus platforms in Australia and 28 April on Sky Digital in New Zealand.

Optus
Singtel Optus Pty Limited is a major Australian telecommunications company headquartered in Macquarie Park, Sydney. Optus is the second-largest telecommunications company in Australia, with over 11 million customers as of 2023. Its mobile network covers 98.5% of the Australian population, with plans to cover all of Australia by 2025 through its partnership with SpaceX.

It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Singaporean telecommunications company Singtel.