hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Willian
John Willian, Jr. (1835 – April 25, 1869) was a Union Army colonel and assistant adjutant general during the American Civil War. He was mustered out of the volunteers on July 15, 1865. In 1866, he was nominated and confirmed for appointment as a brevet  brigadier general, to rank from April 9, 1865.

Born in Lancashire, he was one of the few higher-ranked Civil War officers to be born in England.  He served as a second lieutenant with the 4th New Jersey Militia during the time of the First Battle of Bull Run.  He served as acting assistant inspector general for Brigadier General Gershom Mott and later for Major General Andrew A. Humphreys.

On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Willian for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from April 9, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.

Andrew A. Humphreys
Andrew Atkinson Humphreys (November 2, 1810 – December 27, 1883), was a career United States Army officer, civil engineer, and a Union General in the American Civil War.  He served in senior positions in the Army of the Potomac, including division command, chief of staff, and corps command, and was Chief Engineer of the U.S. Army.
Gillian Thurlow
Gillian Thurlow is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Thurlow made a single appearance for Football Ferns in a 2–1 win over Australia on 14 October 1994.

Australia women's national soccer team
The Australia women's national soccer team is overseen by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia, which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. The team's official nickname is "the Matildas" (from the Australian folk song "Waltzing Matilda"; officially known as the CommBank Matildas for sponsorship reasons); they were known as the "Female Socceroos" before 1995.

Australia is a three-time OFC champion, one-time AFC champion and one-time AFF champion. The team has represented Australia at the FIFA Women's World Cup on eight occasions (once as co-host in 2023) and at the Olympic Games on five, although it has won neither tournament. Their performance in the 2023 World Cup attracted significant nationwide attention and has had an impact on the perception of women's sport in Australia.
Grothaus
Grothaus is a surname. People with this surname or its variants include:

Eleonore von Grothaus (1734–1794), German noblewoman, writer, poet, lay musician, educator

Gisela Grothaus (born in Berlin), West German slalom canoeist

Michael Grothaus (born 1977), American novelist and journalist

Edward Bernard Grothus (1923-2009), American anti-nuclear activist

Theodor Grotthuss (1785-1822), German chemist

Ed Grothus
Edward "Atomic Ed" Bernard Grothus (June 28, 1923 – February 12, 2009) was an American machinist and technician at the Los Alamos National Laboratory during the 1950s and 1960s. In later life he became the owner of a surplus store which he used as a base for peace and anti-nuclear activism.
Nezu Museum
The Nezu Museum (根津美術館, Nezu bijutsukan), formerly known as the Nezu Institute of Fine Arts, is an art museum in the Minato district of Tokyo, Japan.

The museum is home to the private collection of pre-modern Japanese and East Asian art assembled by Nezu Kaichirō (1860–1940). Established upon Nezu's death in 1940, the museum foundation began opening exhibitions to the public in 1941. During World War II, the museum's collection was safeguarded away from central Tokyo, avoiding the destruction suffered by the estate property during the bombing in May 1945. Exhibitions resumed after the war in 1946.

Closed due to large-scale renovation and renewal starting in 2006, the museum reopened in the fall of 2009 with a brand new building designed by the Japanese architect Kengo Kuma.  The museum is also famous for its garden.

Drinking yuzu tea in the museum's cafe has been included as one of the best 30 Tokyo experiences in the Soul of Tokyo, a 2019 travel guide book.

Yuzu
Yuzu (Citrus × junos, from Japanese 柚子 or ユズ; /ˈjuːzuː/ ⓘ) is a citrus fruit and plant in the family Rutaceae of Chinese origin. Yuzu has been cultivated mainly in East Asia, though it has also recently been grown in New Zealand, Australia, Spain, Italy, and France.

It is believed to have originated in central China as an F1 hybrid of the mangshanyeju (Chinese: 莽山野橘) subspecies of mandarin orange and the ichang papeda.
Gregory John Leach
Gregory John Leach (born 1952) is an Australian botanist. His botanical author abbreviation is G.J.Leach.

He has worked  particularly on  Myrtaceae and Fabaceae and collected extensively in the Northern Territory and Papua New Guinea.

From 1990 to 1991, Leach served as Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, London. He currently works for the Menzies School of Health in Darwin in the Child and Maternal Health Division, working,  in particular, on traditional medicinal plants.

He earned his B.SC. Hon (1974) and Ph.D (1982) from La Trobe University.

La Trobe University
La Trobe University is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Its main campus is located in the suburb of Bundoora. The university was established in 1964, becoming the third university in the state of Victoria and the twelfth university in Australia. La Trobe is one of the Australian verdant universities and also part of the Innovative Research Universities group.

La Trobe's original and principal campus is located in the Melbourne metropolitan area, within the northern Melbourne suburb of Bundoora. It is the largest metropolitan campus in the country, occupying over 267 hectares (660 acres). It has two other major campuses located in the regional Victorian city of Bendigo and the twin border cities of Albury-Wodonga. There are two smaller regional campuses in Mildura and Shepparton and a city campus in Melbourne's CBD on Collins Street and in Sydney on Elizabeth Street.

La Trobe offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses across its ten schools.
Spanish Evangelical Church
The Spanish Evangelical Church (Spanish: Iglesia Evangélica Española [IEE]) is a united denomination; Presbyterians, Methodists, Lutherans, Congregationalists participated in the merger. It was established in the wake of religious tolerance in Spain in 1869. The first General Assembly was in Seville in 1872, where the name of the Spanish Christian Church was adopted, later changed to the current name.

In 1980 it was officially recognised by the government. It is a member of the Evangelical Federation of Spain, and the World Communion of Reformed Churches and has good contact with the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church and the World Methodist Council.

It recognises the Apostles Creed, Athanasian Creed, Nicene Creed, Heidelberg Catechism and Second Helvetic Confession. Partner churches are the Reformed Church of France, the Church of Scotland, and the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. The Iglesia Evangélica Española has about 10,000 members in 40 congregations and 50 house fellowships.

Religious tolerance
Religious tolerance or religious toleration may signify "no more than forbearance and the permission given by the adherents of a dominant religion for other religions to exist, even though the latter are looked on with disapproval as inferior, mistaken, or harmful". Historically, most incidents and writings pertaining to toleration involve the status of minority and dissenting viewpoints in relation to a dominant state religion.  However, religion is also sociological, and the practice of toleration has always had a political aspect as well.: xiii

An overview of the history of toleration and different cultures in which toleration has been practiced, and the ways in which such a paradoxical concept has developed into a guiding one, illuminates its contemporary use as political, social, religious, and ethnic, applying to LGBT individuals and other minorities, and other connected concepts such as human rights.
Kadija Sesay
Kadija George MBE, Hon. FRSL (born 1962), also known as Kadija Sesay, is a British literary activist, short story writer and poet of Sierra Leonean descent, and the publisher and managing editor of the magazine SABLE LitMag. Her work has earned her many awards and nominations, including the Cosmopolitan Woman of Achievement in 1994, Candace Woman of Achievement in 1996, The Voice Community Award in Literature in 1999 and the Millennium Woman of the Year in 2000. She is the General Secretary for African Writers Abroad (PEN International) and organises the Writers' HotSpot – trips for writers abroad, where she teaches creative writing and journalism courses.

Creative writing
Creative writing is any writing that goes beyond the boundaries of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on craft and technique, such as narrative structure, character development, literary tropes, genre, and poetics. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, poems, and even some forms of journalism. In academic settings, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror. Writing for the screen and stage—screenwriting and playwriting—are often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as well.
Lecherous millionaire
The lecherous millionaire is a thought experiment devised by Joel Feinberg to illustrate questions concerning coercion. It presents a scenario in which a millionaire offers to pay for medical care for a woman's ill child on the condition that she has sexual relations with him. It is arguable that the millionaire is coercing the woman: from the woman's point of view, the millionaire's offer is equivalent to 'sleep with me or your child dies', which is on par with the millionaire pointing a gun at the child while demanding sexual favors. On the other hand, the millionaire's offer increases the woman's options without removing any of her pre-existing options, giving her increased freedom of choice; this is arguably not coercive.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area
The Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area is a marine conservation area in Algoa Bay, adjacent to the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, near Gqeberha, formerly known as Port Elizabeth. It is part of a national network of MPAs that covers 5% of South Africa's exclusive economic zone.

Algoa Bay
Algoa Bay is a maritime bay in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is located on the east coast, 683 kilometres (424 mi) east of the Cape of Good Hope.

Algoa Bay is bounded in the west by Cape Recife and in the east by Cape Padrone. The bay is up to 436 m (1,430 ft) deep. The harbour city of Port Elizabeth is situated adjacent to the bay, as is the Port of Ngqura deep-water port facility.
You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song)
"You've Got a Friend" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and performed by Sonia and Big Fun, and featuring Gary Barnacle on sax. The song, a midtempo pop ballad, was released as a charity single for the Childline foundation on June 11, 1990. Initially the artists recorded the well-known Carole King song of the same name, but for reasons unknown it was ultimately not used and SAW wrote an original song with the same name instead. The cover version was finally released in the 2010 re-issue of Big Fun's album, A Pocketful of Dreams. The single peaked at number 14 in the UK and number 12 in Ireland. It was later included on Big Fun's Japanese edition of their debut album A Pocketful of Dreams.

Gary Barnacle
Gary Barnacle (born 1959) is an English saxophonist, flautist, brass instrument arranger, composer, and producer. Barnacle is primarily noted for his session work and live work, including various Prince's Trust concerts at Wembley Arena, the Royal Albert Hall and the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham. He performed at the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute at Wembley Stadium in 1988, and appeared on television and in music videos during the 1980s and 1990s with many popular music acts. He was also in a new wave duo called Leisure Process from 1982 to 1983 with ex-Positive Noise singer Ross Middleton.
European Journal of Medical Research
The European Journal of Medical Research is a peer-reviewed medical journal. Established as a print journal published by Holzapfel Verlag in 1995, it was relaunched in 2012 as an open-access online-only format by BioMed Central.

BioMed Central
BioMed Central (BMC) is a United Kingdom-based, for-profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals. All its journals are published online only. BioMed Central describes itself as the first and largest open access science publisher. It was founded in 2000 and has been owned by Springer, now Springer Nature, since 2008.
Zachary Babington
Zachary Babington (born c. 1690 – 15 October 1745) was an English barrister who served as High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1713 and 1724.

He was the son of John Babington (High Sheriff in 1702), and was named for his grandfather Dr. Zachary Babington, chancellor of Lichfield Cathedral. He was distantly related to Anthony Babington, who in 1586 was hung, drawn and quartered on Tower Hill for his participation in the Babington Plot to put Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne. But a nearer relation had been chaplain to King Charles I.

Babington attended University College, Oxford, matriculating at age 17 in 1707, and was a student at the Inner Temple in 1708.

Babington resided at Curborough Hall, Curborough, Staffordshire, and later at Whittington Old Hall, Whittington, Staffordshire. Zachary Babington's daughter Mary married Theophilus Levett, town clerk of Lichfield, Staffordshire. The Levett family inherited the Babington estates at Curborough and Packington.

Whittington, Staffordshire
Whittington is a village and civil parish which lies approximately 3 miles south east of Lichfield, in the Lichfield district of Staffordshire, England.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,591, increasing to 2,603 at the 2011 Census. The parish council is a joint one with Fisherwick. The Coventry Canal borders the village to the north and east.
La Atunara
La Atunara known also as just Atunara is a suburb and the fishing port area of La Línea de la Concepción in the Province of Cádiz, Andalucia, Spain. People from this area are known as 'Atunareños'.  
The beach named after the area known as Playa de La Atunara, is one of the most popular in the area.

Province of Cádiz
Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the southernmost part of mainland Spain, as well as the southernmost part of continental Europe.

It is bordered by the Spanish provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Málaga, as well as the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Its area is 7,385 square kilometres (2,851 sq mi).

Its capital is the city of Cádiz, which has a population of 114,244. As of 2021, the largest city is Jerez de la Frontera with 212,801 inhabitants. Algeciras, which surpassed Cádiz with 122,982 inhabitants, is the second most populous city. The entire province had a population of 1,245,960 (as of 2021), of whom about 600,000 live in the Bay of Cádiz area (including Jerez), making it the third most populous province in Andalusia. Its population density is 167.93 per square kilometre.
Oleg Zhivetin
Oleg Zhivetin  (born 18 March 1964) is a Russian painter born in Tashkent (now the capital of Uzbekistan).

At the Surikov Art Institute of Moscow Zhivetin earned a bachelor's degree in Fine Art in 1988, and a Master of Fine Arts degree in Painting and Monumental Art in 1990.

His paintings include a number of public art monuments on display in Russian cities. After a Californian art dealer expressed interest in his work, Zhivetin came to the United States and soon secured a solo show at the Mission San Juan Capistrano museum, and came to be represented by the Rosovsky Gallery in Laguna Beach, California. His work has appeared in Southwest Art and in other visual-art periodicals.

Solo exhibition
A solo show or solo exhibition is an exhibition of the work of only one artist. Rather than a group of artists who collaborate to form an exhibition. The artwork may be paintings, drawings, etchings, collage, sculpture, or photography. The creator of any artistic technique may be the subject of a solo show. Other skills and crafts have similar types of shows for the creators. Having solo shows of one's artwork marks the achievement of success and usually is accompanied by receptions and a great deal of publicity. The show may be of current work being produced, those from a single time period, or representative work from different periods in the career of the artist, the latter is termed a retrospective.
Rasmus Thelander
Rasmus Moradeyo Thelander (born 9 July 1991) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Cypriot First Division club Omonia Aradippou.

A tall and physically dominant defender, Thelander is known for his aerial strength, leadership qualities, and aggressive style of play. He began his senior career with Akademisk Boldklub (AB), before moving to AaB, where he was part of the squad that won the Danish Superliga and Danish Cup double in 2013–14. Over the course of his career, he has also played for clubs in Greece, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Hungary, including Panathinaikos and Zürich. Internationally, Thelander represented Denmark at various youth levels.

2013–14 Danish Cup
The 2013–14 Danish Cup was the 60th season of the Danish Cup competition. It was the third season since its rebranding as the DBU Pokalen (The DBU Cup). The winner of the competition qualified for the play-off round of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.
Unakoti
Unakoti or Subrai Khung is a sculptural emblem and ancient Shaivite place that hosts rock carvings, figures and images of gods and goddesses. The bas relief sculptures at Unakoti are on stylistic grounds ascribed to 7th–9th century CE, to the period of Pre-Manikya rule. The rock art was patronised by Deva Dynasty of Sribhumi in Samatata. The only inscription at Unakoti is on the other Chaturmukhalinga image, consisting of a couple of records in Bengali Characters of the 11th to 12th century CE, which mentions one Sri Jayadeva, probably a pilgrim.

Unakoti literally means "one less than one crore/koti" in Hindi and Bengali. In the local Kokborok language, it is called Subrai Khung. It was put on the UNESCO world heritage site tentative list in 2022. It is the prime tourist spot of Unakoti District, in the Kailashahar Subdivision of the North-eastern Indian state of Tripura.

Deva dynasty
Deva Dynasty (c. 12th – 13th centuries) was a Bengali Hindu dynasty which originated in the East Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent; the dynasty ruled over Bengal after the Sena dynasty. The capital of the dynasty was Bikrampur in present-day Munshiganj District of Bangladesh.

This Hindu Vaishnava Deva dynasty is different from the earlier Buddhist Deva dynasty (c. 8th–9th centuries) of Samatata region of Bengal which was Koeri by caste.
Jaap Zielhuis
Jacob Dirk "Jaap" Zielhuis (born 2 July 1966 in Heerde) is a sailor from the Netherlands. Zielhuis represented his country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Zielhuis took 19th place in the Finn. During the Sydney Olympics 2000 Zielhuis was coach of the Dutch Olympic Sailing Team.

Nowadays Zielhuis is coach of the Dutch Olympic Sailing Team.

Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Finn
The Men's Finn was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics program in Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre. Eleven races were scheduled and completed with one discard. 25 sailors, on 25 boats, from 25 nations competed.
Radical 6
Radical 6 or radical hook (亅部) meaning "hook" is one of 6 of the 214  Kangxi radicals that are composed of only one stroke.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 19 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

In Simplified Chinese, this radical is merged to Radical 2 丨. In the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components, 亅 is listed as an associated indexing component of 丨. However, it is often omitted in mainstream dictionaries, including Xiandai Hanyu Cidian.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Mount Degenhardt
Mount Degenhardt, elevation 8,000+ ft (2,440+ m), is a mountain peak in the Picket Range in the U.S. state of Washington and within North Cascades National Park. Located in the northern section of the park, Mount Degenhardt is .30 mi (0.48 km) southeast of Mount Terror, .28 mi (0.45 km) west of Inspiration Peak. and .75 mi (1.21 km) west of McMillan Spire. Mount Degenhardt is named after  William Degenhardt, an early 20th century mountain climber. The Terror Glacier lies on the southeast slopes of Mount Degenhardt.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.