hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neijuan
Neijuan (Chinese: 内卷; pinyin: nèijuǎn; lit. 'to curl inwards' IPA: [nei̯˥˩tɕɥɛn˩˧]) is the Chinese calque of the English word involution. Neijuan is written with two characters which mean 'inside' and 'rolling'. Neijuan has disseminated to nearly all walks of life in mainland China in the early 21st century, due to the uneven distribution of social, economic, and educational resources and ongoing economic malaise, especially in terms of higher education bodies and labor markets. Neijuan reflects a life of being overworked, stressed, anxious and feeling trapped, a lifestyle where many face the negative effects of living a very competitive life for nothing.

Income inequality in China
The economy of the People's Republic of China has a high degree of income inequality. According to the Asian Development Bank Institute, "before China implemented reform and opening-up policies in 1978, its income distribution pattern was characterized as egalitarian in all aspects."

A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) estimated that China's Gini coefficient increased from 0.30 to 0.55 between 1980 and 2002. At this time, the Gini coefficient for rural–urban inequality was only 0.16. As of 2019, the official Gini coefficient in China was 0.465; inequality was at its highest in the 2000s, with numerous sources reporting a significant decline in the 2010s.
Pastrami
Pastrami is a type of cured meat originating from Romania, usually made from beef brisket. The raw meat is brined, partially dried, seasoned with herbs and spices, then smoked and steamed. Like corned beef, pastrami was created as a way to preserve meat before the invention of refrigeration. One of the iconic meats of Eastern European cuisine as well as American Jewish cuisine and New York City cuisine, hot pastrami is typically served at delicatessen restaurants on sandwiches such as the pastrami on rye.

Eastern European cuisine
Eastern European cuisine encompasses many different cultures, ethnicities, languages, and histories of Eastern Europe.

The cuisine of the region is strongly influenced by its climate and still varies, depending on a country. For example, East Slavic countries of the Sarmatic Plain (Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian cuisine) show many similarities.
John Feilder
John Feilder was an English politician who sat as a royal independent during the Rump Parliament, where he has been described as "one of the most conservative influences".

After attending Oxford University he joined the army, becoming a colonel and captain of foot, and captain of a troop of horse during the English Civil War, when he was initially commander of Farnham Castle and thereafter commanded the forces of Surrey. In 1649 he briefly served as Governor of Portsmouth .

He entered politics after marrying the sister of Sir John Trevor, a fellow Cornish MP. He was High Sheriff of Hampshire for 1642 and then returned as Member of Parliament for St Ives, Cornwall for 1647–1653 and again in 1659.

The family lived at Horkesley Hall, in Essex, and Heyshott Manor, in West Sussex.

St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)
St Ives is a parliamentary constituency covering the western end of Cornwall, including the Isles of Scilly. The constituency has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Andrew George, a Liberal Democrat; George previously represented the constituency from 1997 to 2015.
Second Winter
Second Winter is the third studio album by Texas blues guitarist Johnny Winter, released in 1969. The original plan was to edit the songs from the recording session into one album but it was later thought that all the recordings were good enough to be released. The album was released as a "three-sided" LP, with a blank fourth side on the original vinyl. Two more songs, "Tell the Truth" and "Early in the Morning" were left unfinished but released on a 2004 re-release of the album.

Texas blues
Texas blues is blues music that developed in Texas through hubs like Dallas, Houston, and Austin. As a regional style, its original form was characterized by jazz and swing influences. Later examples are often closer to blues rock and Southern rock.
Pruden (surname)
Pruden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amy Pruden, American civil and environmental engineer

Doug Pruden, Canadian endurance sportsman and street performer

Harlan Pruden, First Nations Cree scholar and community organizer

John Peter Pruden (1778–1868), early pioneer of western Canada

Pat Pruden, Canadian nurse and politician

Rachel E. Pruden-Herndon (1898–1979), African-American attorney

Robert J. Pruden (1949–1969), United States Army soldier

Wesley Pruden (1935–2019), American journalist and author

Rachel E. Pruden-Herndon
Rachel Elizabeth Pruden-Herndon (February 12, 1898 – January 10, 1979) was an American attorney who became the first African-American woman to be admitted to the State Bar of Georgia on December 27, 1942. In 1956, she became the first African-American woman from Georgia admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court. She was later appointed as a municipal court judge in 1965.
Gnieździska
Gnieździska [ɡɲɛʑˈd͡ʑiska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łopuszno, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south of Łopuszno and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Abisso Bonetti
Abisso Bonetti ("Bonetti Abyss") is a Karst cave in the municipality of Doberdò del Lago (Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy), 1 km (0.62 mi) SE from the small village of Bonetti, near Slovenian border (village of Nova vas). The cave is one of the most famous cavities in the Gorizia Karst. Anyway, due to its dangerous pit opening, entry is allowed only to expert cavers with the necessary equipment for single-rope descend.

Single-rope technique
The single-rope techniques (SRT) are a set of methods used to descend and ascend on the same single rope. Single-rope techniques are used in caving, potholing, rock climbing, canyoning, roped access for building maintenance, and by arborists for tree climbing, although to avoid confusion in the tree climbing community, many have taken to calling them "stationary" rope techniques.

Single-rope techniques are used in contrast to double-rope techniques (DRT), also known as the moving-rope techniques.
Como Aproveitar o Fim do Mundo
Como Aproveitar o Fim do Mundo (English: How to Enjoy the End of the World) is a Brazilian comedy television series created by Fernanda Young and Alexandre Machado. It was produced and aired by Globo from November 1 to December 20, 2012, consisting of eight episodes.

In 2013, the series was released on DVD in a unique edition, in film format, originally imagined by director José Alvarenga Jr.

In 2016, an American remake of the series, titled No Tomorrow was developed by Corinne Brinkerhoff, and aired on The CW.

Como Aproveitar o Fim do Mundo was nominated for an International Emmy in 2013.

Fernanda Young
Fernanda Maria Young de Carvalho Machado (née Leite Young; 1 May 1970 – 25 August 2019), commonly known as Fernanda Young, was a Brazilian writer, screenwriter, television presenter, model and actress.
Colin Spaull
Colin Spaull (born 1944) is a British actor noted for his television work.

Trained at what was then the Italia Conti School, now the Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, his credits include: Z-Cars (in which he played three characters between 1964 and 1969), Dixon of Dock Green, Doctor Who (in the stories Revelation of the Daleks, "Rise of the Cybermen" and "The Age of Steel"), Boon, Goodnight Sweetheart, Inspector Morse, The Bill (in which he has played seven characters between 1985 and 2003), Casualty and Holby City. He appeared in one episode of The Inbetweeners as Roy, Will's neighbour.

Spaull started as a child actor and has a number of leading roles to his name, including that of Noddy in Noddy In Toyland (1957), Venables in Jennings Goes to School (1958), young Pip in Great Expectations (1959) and Dickon Sowerby in The Secret Garden (1960).

Boon (TV series)
Boon is a British television drama series starring Michael Elphick, David Daker, and later Neil Morrissey. It was created by Jim Hill and Bill Stair, filmed by Central Television for ITV, and originally broadcast between 1986 and 1992 with a delayed episode which aired in 1995. It revolved around the life of an ex-fireman called Ken Boon, a motorcycle-obsessed small time businessman who, at the same time, acts as a private investigator, bodyguard and general troubleshooter. Since 16 January 2017, it has been rerun on UKTV channel Drama. The first two series are currently streaming on BritBox.

The theme tune, "Hi Ho Silver" by Scottish singer Jim Diamond, became a UK top ten hit single in 1986.
Friends (Shalamar album)
Friends is the sixth album by American R&B group Shalamar, released in 1982 on the SOLAR label.  The album, which features the 'classic' Shalamar line-up (Jeffrey Daniel, Howard Hewett and Jody Watley), topped the R&B chart and peaked at No. 35 on the Billboard chart. It has been certified Gold in the United States for sales over 500,000. It would eventually go Platinum. In the United Kingdom Friends gained impetus from a demonstration of body-popping by Daniel during a performance of "A Night to Remember" on the BBC programme Top of the Pops. It reached No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart and produced four top 20 singles.

In 2002, Friends was re-released by Sanctuary Records in the United Kingdom in a double-CD package with Shalamar's previous album Go for It.

SOLAR Records
SOLAR (acronym for Sound of Los Angeles Records)  was an American record label founded in 1978 by Dick Griffey, reconstituted out of Soul Train Records only three years after it was founded with Soul Train television show host and creator Don Cornelius.
Heera Panna
Heera Panna is a 1973 Hindi romance film. Written, produced, and directed by Dev Anand for Navketan films, the film stars Dev Anand, Zeenat Aman, Raakhee, Rehman, Jeevan, A.K. Hangal, Paintal and Dheeraj Kumar. The film's music was composed by R. D. Burman.

Jeevan (Hindi actor)
Omkar Nath Dhar (24 October 1915 – 10 June 1987), better known by his stage name Jeevan, was an Indian actor. He played the role of Narad Muni in films of the 1950s, a total of 49 times. Later, he played the villain in popular Bollywood films of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. His son Kiran Kumar (born Deepak Dhar) is also a film and television actor.
Sameh Derbali
Sameh Derbali is a Tunisian retired professional football player who played as a right back for Espérance de Tunis, Olympique Béja and Al Ahli Tripoli. He has made 11 appearances for the Tunisia national football team.

Olympique Béja
Olympique de Béja (Arabic: الأولمبي الباجي), known as O Béja or simply OB for short, is a Tunisian football club based in Béja. The club was founded in 1929 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Boujemaa Kmiti Stadium, has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
Intimate Miniatures
Intimate Miniatures (in Swedish: Intima miniatyrer), Op. 20, is a four-movement suite for string quartet written in 1938 by the Swedish composer Lars-Erik Larsson. Originally, the pieces were part of a longer, six-movement "lyrical suite" ("lyrisk svit") called Late Autumn Leaves (Senhöstblad), which Larsson had written to accompany a recitation of poems about fall by the Swedish writer Ola Hansson.

The Stockholm Quartet premiered Late Autumn Leaves on 20 November 1938, with the Swedish actor Ivar Kåge as narrator; the performers were: Ernst Törnqvist and Folke Reinholdson (violins), John Hylbom (viola), and Carl Christiansen (cello).

The Prim Quartet (Primkvartetten) premiered Intimate Miniatures at the Fylkingen venue in Stockholm, Sweden, on 25 October 1940.

Autumn
Autumn, also known as fall in North American English, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, beginning in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere). Autumn is the season when the duration of daytime becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the winter solstice in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). One of its main features in temperate climates is the striking change in colour of the leaves of deciduous trees as they prepare to shed.
Joseph Donald
Joseph Donald (October 22, 1806 – February 25, 1900) was a Canadian mariner, farmer and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Charlotte County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1870 to 1874.

He was born in Sunderland Barracks, England but raised in Workington, Cumberland, England and was educated there. Donald came to Canada in 1826. In 1829, he married Elizabeth Mary Thornton. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly four times before being elected.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
1941 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1941 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in outdoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Franklin Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and it took place 24–25 June. The women's meet was held separately at Carey Stadium in Ocean City, New Jersey, on 5 July.

They were the last championships before World War II. At the men's championships, Grover Klemmer broke the 400 m world record and Fred Wolcott tied the 110 m hurdles world record. At the women's competition, the schedule had to be changed due to poor weather, and Jean Lane surprised Stella Walsh to win the 100 m.

Men's 400 metres world record progression
The first world record in the 400 m for men (athletics) was recognized by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as World Athletics, in 1912. The IAAF ratified Charles Reidpath's 48.2 s performance set at that year's Stockholm Olympics as a world record, but it also recognized the superior mark over 440 yards (402.336 metres) run by Maxie Long in 1900 as a world record.

Up to and including 2021, World Athletics has ratified 24 outdoor world records in the event.

The following tables show the world record progression in the men's 400 metres, as ratified by World Athletics.
Perseus Crags
Perseus Crags (70°36′S 66°11′W﻿ / ﻿70.600°S 66.183°W﻿ / -70.600; -66.183) is a group of about twelve small nunataks dominated by a high whale-backed hill, located on the west edge of the Dyer Plateau of Palmer Land, about 30 nautical miles (60 km) ENG. of Wade Point. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after the constellation of Perseus.

Dyer Plateau
Dyer Plateau (70°30′S 65°0′W﻿ / ﻿70.500°S 65.000°W﻿ / -70.500; -65.000) is a broad ice-covered upland of north-central Palmer Land, bounded to the north by Fleming Glacier and Bingham Glacier, and to the south by the Gutenko Mountains.  It is buttressed by Goettel Escarpment.
1981–82 Maltese Premier League
The 1981–82 Maltese Premier League was the 2nd season of the Maltese Premier League, and the 67th season of top-tier football in Malta.  It was contested by eight teams, and Hibernians F.C. won the championship.

Maltese Premier League
The Maltese Premier League, known as Yo Health Malta Premier for sponsorship reasons with Yo Health (colloquially known as Il-Kampjonat Premjer), is the highest level of professional football in Malta. Managed by the Malta Football Association, the Premier League is contested by 12 teams and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Challenge League. As of June 2022, the Premier League ranks 46th out of 55 members in the UEFA coefficient.

The league was first contested in 1909 as the First Division, before switching to its current name in 1980; the First Division in turn replaced the Second Division. Sliema Wanderers and Floriana have won the title a record 26 times. The current champions are Ħamrun Spartans who won their 11th title in the 2024-25 season.
Alexander Welsh
Alexander Welsh (April 29, 1933 – April 11, 2018) was an American philologist, the author of books including Freud's Wishful Dream Book (1994).

Born on April 29, 1933, Welsh served in the United States Army. He earned a doctorate from Harvard University, then taught at Yale University between 1960 and 1967. Welsh subsequently joined the University of Pittsburgh faculty and later the University of California Los Angeles, before returning to Yale in 1991, where he was named the Emily Sanford Professor of English. Welsh was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1969, and served as editor of Nineteenth-Century Literature between 1975 and 1981. He died on April 11, 2018, aged 84, survived by his partner, Ruth Yeazell, who also taught at Yale, and three children.

Emily Sanford Professorship of Comparative Literature and English
The Emily Sanford Professorship of Comparative Literature and English is a professorship at Yale University. It was established in 1893 as the "Emily Sanford Professor of English Literature", after Edward C. Billings, a Yale graduate from 1853, left a sum of $70,000 in his will for a professorship position in English literature. He named the position after his wife, Emily Sanford.
Sébastien Blais
Sébastien Blais is a Canadian cinematographer from Quebec. He is most noted for his work on the documentary film Okurimono, for which he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Cinematography in a Documentary at the 13th Canadian Screen Awards in 2025.

His prior credits include the short documentary film Homeport (Port d'attache), as well as assistant camera credits on the feature films Days of Happiness (Les jours heureux), Hotel Silence (Hôtel Silence) and You Are Not Alone (Vous n'êtes pas seul).

You Are Not Alone (2024 film)
You Are Not Alone (French: Vous n'êtes pas seuls) is a Canadian romantic comedy science fiction film, directed by Marie-Hélène Viens and Philippe Lupien and released in 2024. The film stars Pier-Luc Funk as Léo, an aimless young man in Montreal who meets and falls in love with Rita (Marianne Fortier), a musician, while being unknowingly targeted by an alien (François Papineau) who is preying on the city's young slackers.

The cast also includes Sandrine Bisson, Blaise Tardif, Micheline Lanctôt and Florence Blain Mbaye.

The film premiered in the Discovery program at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film was shortlisted for the 2024 Jean-Marc Vallée DGC Discovery Award. At TIFF, it received an honorable mention for the Best Canadian Discovery Award.
Absentee (band)
Absentee were an English alternative rock band from London, England, signed to Memphis Industries. The band members were Dan Michaelson (vocals/guitar), Melinda Bronstein (vocals, keyboards, melodica, glockenspiel), Babak Ganjei (guitar/lap steel), Laurie Earle (bass) and Jon Chandler (drums, later replaced by Che Albrighton).

Melodica
The melodica is a handheld free reed instrument similar in sound to a pump organ or harmonica. It features a musical keyboard on top, and is played by blowing air through a mouthpiece that fits into a hole in the side of the instrument. The keyboard usually covers two or three octaves. Melodicas are small, lightweight, and portable, and many are designed for children to play. They are popular in music education programs, especially in Asia. The modern form of the instrument was invented by Hohner in the late 1950s, though similar instruments have been known in Italy since the 19th century.
André-Marie Ampère
André-Marie Ampère (UK: /ˈæmpɛər/, US: /ˈæmpɪər/; French: [ɑ̃dʁe maʁi ɑ̃pɛʁ]; 20 January 1775 – 10 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as electrodynamics. He made also important contributions in chemistry and philosophy. He is also the inventor of numerous applications, such as the solenoid (a term coined by him) and the electrical telegraph. As an autodidact, Ampère was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and professor at the École polytechnique and the Collège de France.

The SI unit of electric current, the ampere (A), is named after him. His name is also one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. The term kinematic is the English version of his cinématique, which he constructed from the Greek κίνημα kinema ("movement, motion"), itself derived from κινεῖν kinein ("to move").

Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
The Society of Saint Vincent de Paul (SVP or SVdP or SSVP) is an international voluntary organization in the Catholic Church, founded in 1833 for the sanctification of its members by personal service of the poor. Started by Frédéric Ozanam and Emmanuel-Joseph Bailly de Surcy and named after Vincent de Paul, the organization is part of the global Vincentian Family of Catholic organizations.

Innumerable Catholic parishes have established "conferences", most of which affiliate with a diocesan council. Among its varied efforts to offer material help to the poor or needy, the Society also has thrift stores or "op shops" which sell donated goods at a low price and raise money for the poor. There are a great variety of outreach programs sponsored by the local conferences and councils, addressing local needs for social services.