hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maireana trichoptera
Maireana trichoptera, commonly known as mallee bluebush, pink-seeded bluebush or downy bluebush, or spike bluebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae, native to all mainland states and territories of Australia except Queensland. It is an erect perennial shrub with white, woolly branches, fleshy semiterete leaves, white bisexual flowers arranged singly, and a hairy fruiting perianth with a thin, horizontal wing.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Osgood curve
In mathematical analysis, an Osgood curve is a non-self-intersecting curve that has positive area. Despite its area, it is not possible for such a curve to cover any two-dimensional region, distinguishing them from space-filling curves. Osgood curves are named after William Fogg Osgood.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Tropisms
Tropisms (French: Tropismes [tʁɔ.pism]) is an experimental novel by Nathalie Sarraute, first published in 1939. It is considered a forerunner of the Nouveau Roman. Jean Genet, Marguerite Duras and Jean-Paul Sartre all described it as a masterpiece.

The title refers to tropisms, stimuli to plant growth; in the human sense, Sarraute imagined tropisms as "interior movements that precede and prepare our words and actions, at the limits of our consciousness."

It was ranked #73 in Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century.

Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century
The 100 Books of the Century (French: Les cent livres du siècle) is a list of the hundred most memorable books of the 20th century, regardless of language, according to a poll performed during the spring of 1999 by the French retailer Fnac and the Paris newspaper Le Monde.
Kaweh Mansouri
Kaweh Mansouri is an Iranian-Austrian ophthalmologist and researcher in glaucoma. He is an adjunct professor at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and a consultant ophthalmologist at the Montchoisi Clinic, Lausanne. He serves as the Associate Executive Vice President of the World Glaucoma Association and is President of the Swiss Glaucoma Research Foundation.

University of Colorado School of Medicine
The University of Colorado School of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Colorado system. It is located at the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado, one of the four University of Colorado campuses, six miles east of downtown Denver at the junction of Interstate 225 and Colfax Avenue.
Isabella station
Isabella was a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's Evanston Line, now known as the Purple Line. The station was located at 1215 Isabella Street in Evanston, Illinois. Isabella opened on April 1, 1912, and closed on July 16, 1973, due to CTA service cuts. Isabella was situated north of Central and south of Linden.

Due to poor continuity editing, Bob Newhart disembarks from the 'L' at Isabella during the open montage of The Bob Newhart Show.

The Bob Newhart Show
The Bob Newhart Show is an American television sitcom produced by MTM Enterprises that aired on CBS from September 16, 1972, to April 1, 1978, with a total of 142 half-hour episodes over six seasons. Comedian Bob Newhart portrays a psychologist whose interactions with his wife, friends, patients, and colleagues lead to humorous situations and dialogue. The show was filmed before a live audience.
Elif Doğan Türkmen
Elif Doğan Türkmen (born 1 January 1962) is a Turkish politician from the Republican People's Party (CHP), who has served as a Member of Parliament for Adana since 7 June 2015.

Born in Adana, Türkmen graduated from Ankara University Faculty of Law and worked as a lawyer in Adana. Coming from a traditionally social democrat family, she had previously been involved in SODEP and was a founding member of the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) Women's wing. She joined the CHP after the latter two parties were dissolved. She has been involved in many projects to help women and development in Adana, with some backed by the European Union. Married with one child, she was elected as a CHP Member of Parliament in the June 2015 general election. During the election campaign, she was shot and injured by one of her clients. The attack was described as a scare tactic and not to cause fatal injury.

Adana (electoral district)
Adana is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects fourteen members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.
Kurdish Turkization in Turkey
Kurdish Turkization in Turkey refers to a series of state-sponsored policies aimed at assimilating the Kurdish population into a unified Turkish national identity. These efforts have been ongoing since the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.

Rooted in the late transformations of the Ottoman Empire and shaped by the rise of 20th-century Turkish nationalism, these policies have targeted the suppression of Kurdish language, cultural expression, and ethnic identity in order to promote Turkish linguistic and cultural hegemony.

Origin of the Kurds
Scholars have proposed various theories regarding the origin of the name 'Kurd.' Recent scholarship suggests it may derive from the Cyrtii or Corduene, although this remains uncertain, as does the origin of the Kurds themselves. Since most available historical materials come from non-Kurdish sources, scholars must rely on these accounts to trace Kurdish historical roots, which are often difficult to access or understand, causing no end of controversy.
Gyumri massacre
The Gyumri massacre was a mass murder of seven members of the Armenian Avetisyan family in Gyumri, Armenia, on January 12, 2015. The suspect, Valery Permyakov, a Russian serviceman from the Russian 102nd Military Base, was apprehended by the Armenia-based Russian Border Guards near the border with Turkey and brought into custody at the Gyumri base for further investigation under the Russian jurisdiction. Spontaneous demonstrations in Gyumri and Yerevan ensued, demanding that Permyakov be tried and serve his sentence in Armenia. Perceived inadequate government response further triggered public outrage in Armenia in early 2015 following the incident. In August 2016, Permyakov was sentenced to life on charges of murder by an Armenian court; the court's ruling was upheld in December 2016 by the Appeals Court in Yerevan.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
James Duncan (bishop)
James Loughlin Duncan (September 11, 1913 – July 20, 2000), the first Bishop of Southeast Florida, was born in Greensboro, North Carolina, the son of Scottish and Irish immigrants Robert Duncan and his wife, Mary (O'Loughlin) Duncan. He died in 2000, a resident of Coral Gables, Florida.

Coral Gables, Florida
Coral Gables is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida and is located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Downtown Miami. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 49,248.

The city is a Mediterranean-themed planned community known for its historic and affluent character reinforced by its strict zoning, popular landmarks, and tourist sights.

The University of Miami is located in Coral Gables. With 16,479 faculty and staff as of 2021, the university is the largest employer in Coral Gables and second-largest employer in all of Miami-Dade County.
The Robber (novel)
The Robber (German: Die Räuber) is a novel by the Swiss writer Robert Walser, written in 1925 and published posthumously in 1972. It is about an idle and maladjusted man who appears to have commissioned the novel's narrator to write about his life in Bern and failures with women. The text is full of digressions with little relation to the plot.

It was one of the manuscripts Walser wrote in a miniature script, a smaller variation of Kurrent, which were found after his death. The entire novel was written on 24 manuscript pages. The Robber was found untitled and is assumed to never have been intended for publication by its author. It was first transcribed and published by Jochen Greven.

Kurrent
Kurrent (German: [kʊˈʁɛnt]) is an old form of handwriting of the German language based on late medieval cursive writing, also known as Kurrentschrift ("cursive script"), deutsche Schrift ("German script"), and German cursive. Over the history of its use into the first part of the 20th century, many individual letters acquired variant forms.

German writers used both cursive styles, Kurrent and Latin cursive, in parallel: Location, contents, and context of the text determined which script style to use.

Sütterlin is a modern script based on Kurrent that is characterized by simplified letters and vertical strokes. It was developed in 1911 and taught in all German schools as the primary script from 1915 until the beginning of January 1941. Then it was replaced with deutsche Normalschrift ("normal German handwriting"), which is sometimes referred to as "Latin writing".
6th Royal Lancashire Militia
The 6th Royal Lancashire Militia (6th RLM) was an auxiliary regiment raised in the county of Lancashire in North West England just before the Crimean War. It later became part of the Manchester Regiment. Although primarily intended for home defence, its battalions saw active service during the Second Boer War. Following conversion to the Special Reserve (SR) under the Haldane Reforms it supplied reinforcements to the fighting battalions during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence the unit was finally disbanded in 1953.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Cardamom
Cardamom (/ˈkɑːrdəməm/), sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genera Elettaria and Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia. They are recognized by their small seed pods: triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped, with a thin, papery outer shell and small, black seeds; Elettaria pods are light green and smaller, while Amomum pods are dark brown and larger.

Species used for cardamom are native throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. The first references to cardamom are found in Sumer, and in Ayurveda. In the 21st century, it is cultivated mainly in India, Indonesia, and Guatemala.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Livestock Exchange Building (St. Joseph, Missouri)
Livestock Exchange Building (now demolished) was a historic commercial building located at St. Joseph, Missouri.  It was designed by architect Edmond Jacques Eckel (1845–1934) and built in 1898–1899.  It is a four-story, red brick and stone building with Neoclassical style ornamentation.  Also on the property are two contributing multi-car garages and a loading platform.  The building was once considered the crown jewel in the vast stockyards and packinghouses on the south side of St. Joseph.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004, and was delisted in 2025.

St. Joseph, Missouri
St. Joseph is a city in and the county seat of Buchanan County, Missouri, United States. Located on the Missouri River, it is the principal city of the St. Joseph Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Buchanan, Andrew, and DeKalb counties in Missouri and Doniphan County, Kansas. As of the 2020 census, St. Joseph had a population of 72,473, making it the 8th most populous city in the state, and the 3rd most populous in Northwest Missouri. St. Joseph is located roughly 30 miles (48 km) north of the Kansas City, Missouri city limits and approximately 125 miles (201 km) south of Omaha, Nebraska.

The city was named after the town's founder Joseph Robidoux and the biblical Saint Joseph. In the nineteenth century, it was the death place of American outlaw Jesse James. It was also the starting point of the Pony Express serving the West. Today, St. Joseph is home to Missouri Western State University, which enrolls over 3,800 students.
Singen-Landesgartenschau station
Singen-Landesgartenschau station (German: Bahnhof Singen-Landesgartenschau) is a railway station in the municipality of Singen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the standard gauge Black Forest Railway of Deutsche Bahn.

Regional Garden Show
A Regional Garden Show (German: Landesgartenschau; pronounced [ˌlandəsˈɡaʁtn̩ʃaʊ̯]) is an exhibition on horticulture that takes place  on a regular basis in several German and Austrian states. In Germany, a state horticultural show at the state level is the smaller counterpart to the Bundesgartenschau and the International Horticultural Show, in Austria there is no counterpart so far.
Redecker
Redecker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gottlieb Redecker (1871–1945), German engineer and architect

Johann Wilhelm Redecker (1836–1911), German missionary

Júlio Redecker (1956–2007), Brazilian politician

Gottlieb Redecker
Gottlieb Wilhelm Eduard Redecker (30 April 1871, Otjimbingwe, Namibia – 21 January 1945, Gütersloh, Germany) was a German civil engineer and architect in South West Africa (now Namibia). He was responsible for a number of important buildings which still stand today in Namibia, particularly in Windhoek, including the national assembly building, the Tintenpalast.
The People of Hemsö (1955 film)
The People of Hemsö (Swedish: Hemsöborna) is a 1955 Swedish historical drama film directed by Arne Mattsson and starring Erik Strandmark, Hjördis Petterson and Nils Hallberg. It marked the screen debut of Daliah Lavi, then a child actress. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bibi Lindström.  It was based on the 1887 novel The People of Hemsö by August Strindberg, previously adapted into a 1944 film of the same title.

Child actor
A child actor or child actress is a child acting on stage, television or in movies. An adult who began their acting career as a child may also be called a child actor or a "former child actor". Closely associated terms include teenage actor or teen actor, which refer to an actor who gained popularity as a teenager.

Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, mainly due to typecasting. Macaulay Culkin and Lindsay Lohan are two particularly famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at an early age. Some child actors have successful acting careers as adults; for example Mickey Rooney, Elizabeth Taylor, Jodie Foster, Christian Bale, Drew Barrymore, Saoirse Ronan. Other child actors have gone on to successful careers in other fields, including director Ron Howard, politicians Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński, James Jebbia, and singer Jenny Lewis.
Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited
Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited (KSDL) is an Indian company, owned by the Government of Karnataka, that manufacturers personal care products including Mysore Sandal Soap. It was founded as Government Sandalwood Oil Factory in 1916 by sosale garalapuri shastri and M. Visvesvaraya for extracting and exporting sandalwood oil. It launched Mysore Sandal Soap in 1918, and has since manufactured soaps and cosmetics products. The company became a public sector enterprise in 1980 and was renamed as KSDL.

KSDL obtained the Geographical Indication tag for Mysore Sandal Soap and Mysore Sandalwood Oil in 2006. Apart from soaps and sandalwood oil, KSDL manufactures detergents, fragrances, talcum powder, hand washes, face washes, coconut oil and agarbathis. It has manufacturing facilities in Bengaluru, Mysore and Shimoga, and exports its products to 11 countries as of 2019.

Shimoga
Shimoga, officially Shivamogga (Kannada: [ʃiʋɐmoɡːɐ]), is a city and the district headquarters of Shimoga district in the Karnataka state of India. The city lies on the banks of the Tunga River. Being the gateway for the hilly region of the Western Ghats, the city is popularly nicknamed the "Gateway of Malnad". The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census. The city has been selected for the Smart Cities Mission standing in the fourth position in the state and 25th in the country as of November 2020.

The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capital Bangalore and 195 km from the port city Mangalore.
Cieszanowice, Łódź Voivodeship
Cieszanowice [t͡ɕɛʂanɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzkowice, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Gorzkowice, 19 km (12 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 63 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Compatible ink
Compatible ink (or compatible toner) is manufactured by third-party manufacturers and is designed to work in designated printers without infringing on patents of printer manufacturers. Compatible inks and toners may come in a variety of packaging including sealed plastic wraps or taped plastic wraps. Regardless of packaging, compatible products are generally priced lower than original equipment manufacturer (OEM) brand inks and toners.

While there has been considerable debate and litigation involving the ink and toner patents of printer manufacturers, third-party manufacturers continue to thrive.  Manufacturers of compatible ink and toner products currently control about 25% the ink and toner market well over $8 Billion annually.

Toner (printing)
Toner is a powder mixture used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the text and images on paper, in general through a toner cartridge. Mostly granulated plastic, early mixtures added only carbon powder and iron oxide; now there are mixtures that contain polypropylene, fumed silica, and various minerals for triboelectrification. Toner using plant-derived plastic also exists as an alternative to petroleum plastic. Toner particles are melted by the heat of the fuser, and are thus bonded to the paper.

In earlier photocopiers, this low-cost carbon toner was poured by the user from a bottle into a reservoir in the machine. Later copiers, and laser printers from the first 1984 Hewlett-Packard LaserJet, feed directly from a sealed toner cartridge.

Laser toner cartridges for use in color copiers and printers come in sets of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK), allowing a very large color gamut to be generated by mixing.
Khâlid-i Shahrazuri
Mawlana Khâlid Shahrazuri also known as Khâlid-i Baghdâdî and Mawlana Khalid (Kurdish: مەولانا خالیدی نەقشبەندی, romanized: Mewlana Xalîdî Neqişbendî; 1779–1827) was a Kurdish Sufi, and poet by the name of Shaykh Diya al-Dīn Khalid al-Shahrazuri, the founder of a branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi order - called Khalidi after him - that has had a profound impact not only on his native Kurdish lands but also on many other regions of the western Islamic world. His writings are among the earliest examples of prose and poetry in Central Kurdish.

Shahrazuri acquired the epithet Baghdadi through his frequent stays in Baghdad, for it was in the town of Karadağ (Qaradagh) in the Shahrizur region, about 5 miles from Sulaymaniyah, that he was born in 1779.

Dīn
Dīn or Deen is an Islamic term of Arabic origin which means "religion" or "way of life." In Islam, it is believed that only one God has ever existed and that God is Allah. It is said that Allah has revealed many religions in the past such as Christianity and Judaism, but the current religion of Islam is the last and final religion to be accepted by Allah on the Day of Judgment.

In Islamic terminology, the word refers to the way of life Muslims must adopt to comply with divine law, encompassing beliefs, character and deeds. The term appears in the Quran 98 times with different connotations, including in the phrase yawm al-din (Arabic: يوم الدين), generally translated to "Day of Judgment" or the famous verse "La ikraha fid din" which translates to "Let there be no compulsion in religion" (Abdullah Yusuf Ali translation).