hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Islamic and Social Studies
The Institute for Islamic and Social Studies (Indonesian: Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Sosial, LKiS), is an Indonesian non-governmental organization that was founded on September 3, 1993, in Yogyakarta.  The institute stimulates intellectual debate on a grassroots level.

LKiS is a progressive publisher of islamic books and also a promoter of several interests within the country, like democratization, pluralism and nonviolence. The foundation publishes the bulletin Ikhtilaf, effectuates reform projects in Probolinggo (East Java) en Tasikmalaya (West Java) and produces television and radio programs. Weekly it distributes about 20,000 pamphlets in mosques.

It works together with for instance Boston University and is sponsored by USAID, the Ford Foundation, the Asia Foundation and others. In 2002 the institute was honored with a Prince Claus Award from the Netherlands.

Democratization
Democratization, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an authoritarian government to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. The opposite process of democratic transition is known as democratic backsliding or autocratization. Whether and to what extent democratization occurs can be influenced by various factors, including economic development, historical legacies, civil society, and international processes. Some accounts of democratization emphasize how elites drove democratization, whereas other accounts emphasize grassroots bottom-up processes. How democratization occurs has also been used to explain other political phenomena, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows.
Djénhael Maingé
Djénhael Maingé (born 18 February 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Club Franciscain in the Martinique Championnat National  and internationally for Martinique.

He made his debut for Martinique in 2012. He was in the Martinique Gold Cup squad for the 2017  tournament.

In January 2015, Maingé spent 2 weeks on trial with SCO Angers. This was not successful, but he remained in France to play for Club Franciscain in the Coupe de France match against Nantes. In May 2018, Maingé scored for Club Franciscain as the Martinique side beat Central FC 2-1 to qualify for the 2018 CONCACAF League.

Martinique Championnat National
Martinique Championnat National is the top association football league in Martinique.

It was created in 1919 and is headed by the Ligue de Football de Martinique. Fourteen teams participate in this league.
The last 4 placed teams are relegated to the Martinique Promotion d'Honneur.

Golden Lion are the current champions, having won their fourth league title during the 2022–23 season.
Baugher
Baugher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Abba Baugher (1893–1962), American academic

Danny Baugher (born 1984), American football player

Forrest Baugher (1934–2017), American politician

Henry Louis Baugher (1804–1868), American Lutheran clergyman and academic

Charles Abba Baugher
Charles Abba Baugher (September 9, 1893 – November 2, 1962) was an American academic, a former professor and President of Elizabethtown College.

Baugher became President of Elizabethtown College in 1941 and served until 1961.

The Baugher Student Center on Elizabethtown College's campus is named after him.
Eunicea
Eunicea is a genus of gorgonian-type octocorals in the family Plexauridae. These branched octocorals typically have knobby protuberances from which the polyps protrude. They are often stiffened by purple sclerites and some colonies, in brightly lit back-reef areas are purple, though most colonies are brown or grey. The polyps in some species are large and feathery in appearance. The growth of these corals is rapid and they can be kept in a reef aquarium.

Reef aquarium
A reef aquarium or reef tank is a marine aquarium that prominently displays live corals and other marine invertebrates as well as fish that play a role in maintaining the tropical coral reef environment. A reef aquarium requires appropriately intense lighting, turbulent water movement, and more stable water chemistry than fish-only marine aquaria, and careful consideration is given to which reef animals are appropriate and compatible with each other.
Public order and internal security in Japan
Conditions of public order in Japan compare favorably with those in other industrialized countries. The overall crime rate is low by North American and West European standards and has shown a general decline since the mid-1960s. The incidence of violent crime is especially low, due mainly to pervasive social pressure and conditioning to obey the law. Problems of particular concern are those associated with a modern industrialized nation, including juvenile delinquency, traffic control, and white-collar crime.

White-collar crime
The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals,  businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gains.  It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation". Typical white-collar crimes could include wage theft, fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. White-collar crime overlaps with corporate crime.
Roy Helge Olsen
Roy Helge Olsen (born 19 January 1965) is a Norwegian football referee from Trondheim, representing Flekkerøy IL from Kristiansand. He started as a referee in 1979 and was a referee in FIFA from 1992 to 2002. Olsen officiated in 2002 World Cup qualifying, refereeing the match between Spain and Bosnia. He has refereed over 30 national matches at different age groups, both men and women, in addition to 28 matches in the European Cup. In 1991, he refereed the Norwegian Cup Final between Strømsgodset and Rosenborg, as well as the Norwegian Cup Final between Vålerenga and Strømsgodset in 1997. He also refereed the European Championship for U-18 in England in 1993.

Olsen won the Kniksen award for Referee of the year in 1993.

Strømsgodset IF
Strømsgodset IF is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Gulskogen in Drammen. It has sections for association football, handball and bandy, but is best known for the top-level football section known as Strømsgodset Toppfotball, which plays in Eliteserien, the Norwegian top flight.

The club was founded 10 February 1907, but the football team first found success in the late 1960s and early 1970s, winning a league title and three cups. The famous team from the 1960s and 1970s was popularly known as the "Rødgata Boys", after the street most of them lived on. Most of these players were also accomplished bandy players, and Strømsgodset won four national Norwegian Championships in "the winter version of football". Four of the football players collected silver medals in the 1965 Bandy World Championship; Steinar Pettersen, Inge Thun, Thorodd Presberg and Ole Johnny Friise.
2013 PFF League
The 2013 PFF League (PFFL) was the 10th season of second tier of Pakistan Football Federation. The season started on 29 November 2013 and concluded on 28 December 2013. The event took place in Lahore, Layyah and Karachi.

Pakistan Football Federation
The Pakistan Football Federation (PFF) is the national governing body of association football in Pakistan. It is a member of FIFA, the international governing body of football, and affiliated to the Asian Football Confederation and South Asian Football Federation. The federation was founded in 1947; it also manages the futsal and beach soccer national teams.
Roger Sippl
Roger J. Sippl (born February 22, 1955), an American entrepreneur in the computer software industry, was described in 2012 by The Wall Street Journal as a serial entrepreneur. Sippl was the founder and CEO of Informix Corporation, later becoming IBM Informix. Other sippl accomplishments included being co-founder and chairman of Vantive Corporation, and the CEO and founder of Visigenic: three companies he took public. Currently, he is the CEO of Elastic Intelligence located in Menlo Park, California.

Vantive (software)
Vantive Corporation was a company that provided customer relationship management (CRM) solutions. It existed as an independent corporation until its merger with PeopleSoft in 1999. Later PeopleSoft itself was acquired by Oracle Corporation. Vantive as a brand no longer exists, as only the PeopleSoft name and product line are marketed by Oracle.
Kathy Stobart
Florence Kathleen "Kathy" Stobart (1 April 1925 – 6 July 2014) was an English jazz saxophonist primarily known for playing the tenor sax.  She was a well-respected figure in the history of jazz in Britain and became an inspiration, through her tutoring of music, to a whole new generation of younger female musicians.

Marian McPartland
Margaret Marian McPartland OBE (née Turner; 20 March 1918 – 20 August 2013), was an English and American jazz pianist, composer, and writer. She was the host of Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz on National Public Radio from 1978 to 2011.

After her marriage to trumpeter Jimmy McPartland in February 1945, she resided in the United States when not travelling throughout the world to perform. In 1969, she founded Halcyon Records, a recording company that issued albums for 10 years. In 2000, she was named a National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master. In 2004, she was given a Grammy Award for lifetime achievement. In 2007, she was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame. Although known mostly for jazz, she composed other types of music as well, performing her own symphonic work A Portrait of Rachel Carson with the University of South Carolina Symphony Orchestra in 2007. In 2010, she was named a member of the Order of the British Empire.
Beuvron (Loire)
The Beuvron (French pronunciation: [bøvʁɔ̃] ⓘ; Latin: Bebronus) is a 115 km (71 mi) long river in Centre-Val de Loire, France, a left tributary of the river Loire. Its source is near the village of Coullons, southwest of Gien. The Beuvron flows generally west through the following departments and towns:

Loiret: Cerdon

Loir-et-Cher: Lamotte-Beuvron, Neung-sur-Beuvron, Bracieux

The Beuvron flows into the Loire at Candé-sur-Beuvron, near Chaumont-sur-Loire.

Loiret
Loiret (/lwɑːˈreɪ/; French: [lwaʁɛ]) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of north-central France. It takes its name from the river Loiret, which is contained wholly within the department. In 2019, Loiret had a population of 680,434.

Its prefecture is Orléans, which is about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Paris. As well as being the regional prefecture, it is a historic city on the banks of the Loire. It has a large central area with many historic buildings and mansions. Orléans Cathedral, dating back to the 13th century, was rebuilt after Protestant forces destroyed it in 1568. Loiret has two subprefectures, in Montargis and Pithiviers. It is famous for its several châteaux.
Casar de Cáceres
Casar de Cáceres is a town and municipality in the province of Cáceres, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. With 4532 inhabitants in 2017, it is the second most populous municipality in the Tajo-Salor Mancomunidad. In the municipality there are two population centers: Casar de Cáceres and La Perala. The capital of the municipality is located about 10 kilometers from the capital of Caceres, in the middle of Vía de la Plata.

During the Ancien Régime, the municipality belonged to the comunidad de villa y tierra of Cáceres. and until the first half of the 19th century it was considered as a hamlet of the village of Cáceres.

Mancomunidad
In present-day Spain, a mancomunidad (English: municipal association) is an association of municipalities voluntarily established by some municipalities with the aim of carrying out joint projects or providing common services.

A mancomunidad is one of the local entities defined for the purpose of local government, to which those municipalities may voluntarily delegate some of their functions and powers. There were 1,023 mancomunidades in 2011.
M4 (Warsaw)
The M4 line is the planned fourth line of the Warsaw Metro. It will have a length of approximately 26 kilometers (16 mi) and will consist of 23 stations, linking Wilanów with Tarchomin. It will also include a new metro depot, STP Polfa.

The line will be an important element of the metro network and the overall transport system in Warsaw. According to initial findings, it is expected to be used by up to 30,000 people per hour. It will connect the districts of Białołęka, Bielany, Żoliborz, Śródmieście, Wola, Ochota, Włochy, Mokotów, and Wilanów, as well as enable interchange to M1, M2, M3, and M5 metro lines and the main public transport lines: trams, buses, and railways.

Upon its completion, M4 is planned to be the longest line in the Warsaw Metro system.

Bus transport in Warsaw
Bus transport in Warsaw was introduced in 1920. Since 1994, services have been managed by Zarząd Transportu Miejskiego w Warszawie (ZTM Warszawa), and operated by various companies under contract.

In 1921, three lines were opened. From November 1939 the regular liquidation of the rolling stock began, only one car survived the war. Bus transport appeared again in April 1945. The first night bus appeared on the streets of Warsaw in 1963. On March 11, 1994, the Warsaw transport was reorganized.

In November 1994, the first German low-floor Neoplan N4020 was put into operation. 1999 was marked by modern and low-floor Solaris Urbino 15 buses. In 2002, MAN buses joined the Solarises.

As of 2022, there are 302 bus lines in Warsaw and the surrounding areas, covering 4548 km. The bus network comprises 1810 vehicles, including 162 electric ones and 70 hybrid ones.
1984 British Formula Three Championship
The 1984 British Formula Three Championship was the 34th season of British Formula Three. Johnny Dumfries took the BARC/BRDC Marlboro British Formula 3 Championship.

Johnny Dumfries got a drive with Team BP for the season, and ran way with the British title. The Earl of Dumfries, calling himself “Johnny Dumfries” for racing purposes, clinched the title, with three rounds still remaining. His closure rival for most of the season was Russell Spence, but pipped to second place in Championship by the consistent point finishing of Allen Berg.

The scoring system was 9-6-4-3-2-1 points for the first six positions, with one extra-point added for the driver who did the fastest lap of the race.

David Price Racing
David Price Racing (commonly referred to as DPR) was a British motor racing team, founded by David Price. The team competed in various forms of motorsport from their foundation in 1976 until 2008.  The team was sold in April 2009, but continued racing in GP2 and GP2 Asia Series under the name David Price Racing until 2010.
John Frederick Herman
John Frederick Herman (April 11, 1889 – February 1950) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Melville from 1938 to 1944 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Social Credit member.

He was born in Bradford, Ontario, the son of Frederick William Herman and Sarah Etta Roach, and was educated in Severn Bridge, Ontario, in Moosomin, Saskatchewan and in Regina. Herman taught school in Saskatchewan for several years. In 1922, he married Eva Chilcott. He was an unsuccessful Farmer-Labour candidate for the Moosomin seat in the provincial assembly in 1934 and for the Qu'Appelle seat in the Canadian House of Commons running as a CCF candidate the following year. Herman lived in Rocanville. He did not run for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1944.

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF; French: Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif, FCC) was a federal democratic socialist and social-democratic political party in Canada. The CCF was founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, agrarian, co-operative, and labour groups, and the League for Social Reconstruction. In 1944, the CCF formed one of the first social-democratic governments in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in Saskatchewan.

The full, but little used, name of the party was Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Farmer-Labour-Socialist).

In 1961, the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party (NDP).
Émile Barral
Émile Louis Vincent Barral (24 September 1891 – 5 April 1961) was a sailor and runner from Monaco. As a sailor, he represented his country in the Monotype event at the 1924 Summer Olympics and the 12 foot dinghy event at the 1928 Summer Olympics. As a runner, he competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Monaco at the Olympics
Monaco first participated at the Olympic Games in 1920, and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then, missing only the 1932 Games in Los Angeles, United States, the 1956 Games in Melbourne, Australia, and the boycotted 1980 Moscow Games. Monaco has also participated in every Winter Olympic Games since 1984.

As of 2024, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal in Summer nor Winter Games, meaning the principality has the most appearances at the Olympics (33, including 22 summer and 11 winter) without ever making it to the podium (Julien Médecin did win a bronze medal for architecture at the 1924 Olympics, but the IOC no longer considers art competition medals as part of the official tally). Its best-ever finish has been sixth place in two-man bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Monaco was created in 1907, but not recognized by the International Olympic Committee until 1953.
Ships Bearing Up for Anchorage
Ships Bearing up for Anchorage is an 1802 marine painting by the British artist J. M. W. Turner. Along with the previous year's Dutch Boats in a Gale it marked Turner's move into using a style reminiscent of Nicolas Poussin for his seascapes. It was bought by the art collector, George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont and it also known as The Egremont Seapiece.

It was one of the four paintings, two of them seascapes, that Turner displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1802 - the first since he had been elected to full membership of the Academy. It was also the first painting he exhibited when he signed himself as J.M.W. Turner rather than William. It was acquired by the government via acceptance in lieu in 1984 and was assigned to the Tate Gallery which holds much of the Turner Bequest. It is on permanent loan at the National Trust property Petworth House in West Sussex, the historic home of Lord Egremont.

Private collection
A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items.  In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast, collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine bookbindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their collections are typically referred to as libraries.
Oderteich
The Oderteich is an historic reservoir about seven kilometres northeast of Sankt Andreasberg in the Upper Harz in central Germany. It was built by miners from St. Andreasberg in the years 1715 to 1722 and, today, is an important component of the water supply network known as the Upper Harz Water Regale (Oberharzer Wasserregal). Moreover, for 170 years, from the time it was completed to the end of the 19th century, the Oderteich had the largest dam in Germany. The dam lies at a height of 725 m above NN by the B 242 federal highway, about a kilometre west of its intersection with the B 4.

Harzwasserwerke
The Harzwasserwerke GmbH (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɐ̯tsˌvasɐvɛʁkə ˌɡeːʔɛmbeːˈhaː]; English: Harz Water Works Limited) is a major German water company and dam operator based in Hildesheim, located within the German federal state of Lower Saxony.
Algol (magazine)
Algol was an avant-garde Catalan magazine edited by the artistic group Dau al Set and first published in 1947. It was founded by Joan Pons and Joan Brossa and edited by Enric Tomo i Freixes. Only 100 copies of Algol were published which all appeared in 1947. The 12-page magazine was printed on guarro, a type of linen paper.

Dau al Set was formed by the poet Joan Brossa, the philosopher Arnau Puig and the painters Joan Pons, Antoni Tàpies, Modest Cuixart and Joan-Josep Tharrats. It was a very important group in the Spanish post-war era. The magazine included literary texts by Brossa and Puig and illustrations by Pons, Jordi Mercadé and Francesc Boadella.

The group later published another magazine, called Dau al Set after their own name, which was the sequel to Algol. Dau al Set was first published in 1948 and had a total of 56 pages. It also contained works by Brossa, Puig, and many other artists.

Modest Cuixart
Modest Cuixart i Tàpies (born 2 November 1925 in Barcelona – died 31 October 2007 in Palamós) was a Catalan painter. He is, along with poet Joan Brossa and painters Joan Ponç, his cousin Antoni Tàpies  and Joan-Josep Tharrats, the founder of surrealist et dada review Dau al Set in 1948.
Kartvelian studies
The Kartvelian studies (Georgian: ქართველოლოგია) also referred as Kartvelology or Georgian studies  is a field of humanities covering the history, languages, religion and/or culture of Georgia and the Georgian people.

In a narrower sense, the term usually refers to the research activities conducted on these problems outside Georgia.

Kartvelian languages
The Kartvelian languages (/kɑːrtˈvɛliən, -ˈviːl-/ kart-VEL-ee-ən, -⁠VEEL-; Georgian: ქართველური ენები, romanized: kartveluri enebi), also known as South Caucasian or Kartvelic languages, are a language family indigenous to the South Caucasus and spoken primarily in Georgia. There are approximately 5 million Georgian language speakers worldwide. The Kartvelian family has no known relation to any other language family, making it one of the world's primary language families.

The most widely spoken Kartvelian language is the standard Georgian. The earliest written source in any Kartvelian language is an Old Georgian inscription at the once-existing Georgian monastery near Bethlehem, dated to c. 430 AD. Georgian scripts are used to write all Kartvelian languages.
Hande Özyürek
Hande Özyürek (born 1976) is a Turkish violinist. She has been a member of the Munich Radio Orchestra since 2003 and has released a solo CD. She also teaches at the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. Özyürek was named the winner of the 15th Vienna Music Competition in 2007.

Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University
Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University (Turkish: Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, or MSGSÜ) is a public art university in Istanbul, Turkey. The university's campus is located in the Fındıklı, Beyoğlu. The university was established in 1882 under the leadership of Osman Hamdi Bey.