hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lipstick darter
The lipstick darter (Etheostoma chuckwachatte) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in the Tallapoosa River drainage above the Fall Line in Alabama and Georgia. It inhabits rocky riffles of creeks and small to medium rivers.

Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line
The Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line, or Fall Zone, is a 900-mile (1,400 km) escarpment where the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain meet in the eastern United States. Much of the fall line passes through areas where no evidence of faulting is present.
Ha-Shaḥar
Ha-Shaḥar (Hebrew: הַשַּׁחַר, lit. 'The Dawn') was a Hebrew-language monthly periodical, published and edited at Vienna by Peretz Smolenskin from 1868 to 1884.

The journal contained scientific articles, essays, biographies, and literature, as well as general Jewish news. The objects of Smolenskin were to spread Enlightenment and knowledge of the Hebrew language, and particularly to oppose obscurantism. Its publication was interrupted several times for lack of support. Ha-Shaḥar greatly influenced the Haskalah movement, especially in Russia, where it was well known. It was read secretly in the yeshivot, in private houses, and in the batte midrashot.

Beth midrash
A beth midrash (Hebrew: בית מדרש, "house of learning"; pl.: batei midrash), also beis medrash, bais midrash, or beit midrash, is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall". It is distinct from a synagogue (beth knesseth), although the two are often coextensive. In Yiddish the beth midrash may be referred to as a zal, i.e. "hall". Beis midrash can also refer to a yeshiva gedolah, the undergraduate-level program in Orthodoxy, for boys over 12th grade.

The Arabic term "madrasah" is derived from the same Semitic root, and refers to any type of educational institution. The root דרש means "to seek [knowledge]" and is then generalized to mean "expound".
Băile Govora
Băile Govora (or just Govora) is a Romanian spa town in Vâlcea County, about 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Râmnicu Vâlcea and west of the Olt River, in the historical region of Oltenia. Notable features of the town (beside its mineral springs, recommended for a variety of ailments) include the Govora Abbey (built in the 15th century and consolidated by Matei Basarab and later by Constantin Brâncoveanu) and the nearby Dintr-un lemn Monastery (16th or 17th century; the legend of its origin was recorded by Paul of Aleppo).

Govora Abbey was the site where Matei Basarab introduced the first printing press in Wallachia – where the first written code of laws in Romanian was published, Pravila de la Govora, in 1640.

The town administers three villages: Curăturile, Gătejești, and Prajila.

Olt (river)
The Olt (Romanian and Hungarian; German: Alt; Latin: Aluta or Alutus, Turkish: Oltu, Ancient Greek: Ἄλυτος Alytos) is a river in Romania. It is 615 km (382 mi) long, and its basin area is 24,050 km2 (9,290 sq mi). It is the longest river flowing exclusively through Romania. Its average discharge at the mouth is 174 m3/s (6,100 cu ft/s). It originates in the Hășmaș Mountains of the eastern Carpathian Mountains, near Bălan, close to the headwaters of the river Mureș. The Olt flows through the Romanian counties of Harghita, Covasna, Brașov, Sibiu, Vâlcea, and Olt. The river was known as Alutus or Aluta in Roman antiquity. Olt County and the historical province of Oltenia are named after the river.

Sfântu Gheorghe, Râmnicu Vâlcea and Slatina are the main cities on the river Olt. The Olt flows into the Danube river near Turnu Măgurele.
Bishop of Newcastle (England)
The Bishop of Newcastle is the ordinary of the Church of England's Diocese of Newcastle in the Province of York.

The diocese presently covers the County of Northumberland and the Alston Moor area of Cumbria. The see is in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Nicholas, a parish church elevated to cathedral status in 1882. The bishop's residence is Bishop's House, Gosforth — not far north of Newcastle city centre.

The office has existed since the founding of the diocese in 1882 under Queen Victoria by division of the diocese of Durham. Helen-Ann Hartley became diocesan Bishop of Newcastle on 3 February 2023, the confirmation of her election.

Province of York
The Province of York, or less formally the Northern Province, is one of two ecclesiastical provinces making up the Church of England and consists of 14 dioceses which cover the northern third of England and the Isle of Man. York was elevated to an archbishopric in AD 735: Ecgbert was the first archbishop. At one time, the archbishops of York also claimed metropolitan authority over Scotland, but these claims were never realised and ceased when the Archdiocese of St Andrews was established.

The province's metropolitan bishop is the archbishop of York (the junior of the Church of England's two archbishops). York Minster serves as the mother church of the Province of York.
Specialty store
A specialty store is a shop/store that carries a deep assortment of brands, styles, or models within a relatively narrow category of goods. Furniture stores, florists, sporting goods stores, and bookstores are all specialty stores. Stores such as Athlete’s Foot (sports shoes only) are considered superspecialty stores. A category killer is a specialty store with a high volume of sales and extensive product selection within its category.

Specialty stores compete with other types of retailers such as supermarkets, showrooms, jewelry, department, wine shop, big box, general, hardware and variety stores.

Bookselling
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books, which is the retail and distribution end of the publishing process.

People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookdealers, book people, bookmen, or bookwomen.
Opuntia pottsii
Opuntia pottsii is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native to Arizona, New Mexico and Texas in the United States and to northeast Mexico. It was first described by Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck in 1850.

Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck
Joseph Franz Maria Anton Hubert Ignatz Fürst und Altgraf zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (4 September 1773 at Castle Dyck near Neuss – 21 March 1861 in Nice) was a German aristocrat, amateur botanist and owner of Castle Dyck.
Essex-Orleans (Vermont Senate district)
The Essex-Orleans district was one of 13 Vermont Senate districts included in the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2010 U.S. census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020. Following the 2020 U.S. census the district was divided into two for Essex County and Orleans County.

The Essex-Orleans district includes all of Essex County, Orleans County, and some parts of others.

As of the 2010 census, the state as a whole had a population of 625,741. As there are a total of 30 senators, there were 20,858 residents per senator.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 30 senators, there were 20,294 residents per senator.  The Essex-Orleans district had a population of 38,657 in that same census.  The district is apportioned two senators. This equals 19,329 residents per senator, 4.76% below the state average.

Vermont Senate
The Vermont Senate is the upper house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Vermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is no limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the U.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at the Vermont State House in the state capital of Montpelier.
Gideon Oliver
Gideon Oliver is a prime time television series that ran on the ABC television network between February 1989 and May 1989 as part of the ABC Mystery Movie rotation, along with B.L. Stryker  and Columbo. On the air for only five episodes, the series starred Louis Gossett Jr., and was created by Dick Wolf. The title character first appeared in the novel series by mystery writer Aaron Elkins.

Prime time
Prime time (sometimes spelled primetime), or peak time, is the block of broadcast programming taking place during the middle of the evening for television shows. It is mostly targeted towards adults (and sometimes families). It is used by the major television networks to broadcast their season's nightly programming. The term prime-time is often defined in terms of a fixed time period—for example, (in the United States), from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time) or 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Central and Mountain Time). In India and some Middle Eastern countries, prime time consists of programmes that are aired on television between 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. local time.
Northwest 8 Conference
The Northwest 8 Conference was a high school conference in northwest and north central Illinois. The conference participated in athletics and activities in the Illinois High School Association. The conference included small public high schools with enrollments between 75-600 students in Boone, Carroll, DeKalb, Jo Daviess, Lee, Ogle, Stephenson, and Winnebago counties.

Winnebago County, Illinois
Winnebago County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 285,350 making it the seventh most populous county in Illinois behind Cook County and its five surrounding collar counties. Its county seat is Rockford. Winnebago County is the central county of the Rockford metropolitan area.
Oxyporus populinus
Oxyporus populinus, also known as the mossy maple polypore and poplar bracket, is a species of fungus in the family Schizoporaceae. It is a plant pathogen that affects trees.

It is typically white (sometimes gray near the center and/or pinkish near the margin), more or less semicircular, and 2.5–20 centimetres (1–8 in) wide, with tough flesh, which is inedible.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Alberta Railway Museum
The Alberta Railway Museum (reporting mark ARM) is a railway museum in the north end of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It houses a collection of railway equipment and buildings and has locomotives from both the Canadian National Railways (CNR) and Northern Alberta Railways (NAR).

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Renato de la Jara
Renato Emilio de la Jara Parada (30 July 1924 – 12 June 2006) was a Chilean farmer and politician, member of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC).

He served as deputy for the 19th Departmental Group of Laja, Nacimiento and Mulchén (current Biobío Region) between 1965 and 1969. He was also an alderman of Mulchén (1960–1963) and later a councillor of the same commune (1992–1996).

Mulchén
Mulchén is a city and commune in Bío Bío Province of Bío Bío Region, Chile. It was first settled in 1871 by soldiers during the so-called Pacification of Araucania. In 1875 Mulchén was officially founded.

The city is surrounded by a meander of the Bureo River on all sides except the south, where it is bounded by the Mulchén River. It is located 32 km south of the city of Los Ángeles, close to Chile Highway 5.
Tadano Faun
Tadano Faun GmbH (own spelling TADANO FAUN) is a German manufacturer of mobile cranes based in the Franconian (Bavaria) town of Lauf an der Pegnitz. It is a 100% subsidiary company of the Japanese Tadano. All Tadano all-terrain cranes are developed and produced in the plant in Lauf an der Pegnitz and then distributed across the globe by Tadano Faun GmbH’s global sales and service network.

Also, cranes are developed and built in Lauf and then mounted on commercial truck frames. Tadano Faun GmbH organises the sales and services of the Tadano Group for Europe and other selected markets for the all-terrain cranes, exclusively produced by the holding company in Japan.

Lauf an der Pegnitz
Lauf an der Pegnitz (German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊf ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈpeːɡnɪts] ⓘ, lit. 'Lauf on the Pegnitz'; Northern Bavarian: Lauf an da Pegnitz) is a town east of Nuremberg, Germany. It is the capital of the Nürnberger Land district in Bavaria. It is in the Pegnitz river valley, which flows through the town.

In 2009, the municipality developed a climate protection plan which was supported by the German Ministry for the Environment.
FC Angara Angarsk
FC Angara Angarsk (Russian: «Ангара» (Ангарск)) was a Russian football team from Angarsk. It played professionally in 1963–1973, 1976–1985 and 1990–1997. Their best result was 1st place in Zone 7 of the Russian Second Division in 1993 (due to reorganization of the Russian football league pyramid in 1994 they did not advance to the higher level).

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.
Gerhard Kofler
Gerhard Kofler (11 February 1949 in Bolzano – 2 November 2005 in Vienna) was an Austrian-Italian writer. He wrote poetry and essays in both Italian and German.

Kofler studied Germanistics and Romance studies in Innsbruck and Salzburg and was a poet and literature critic, as well as general secretary of the Grazer Autorenversammlung literary association in Vienna.

Kofler translated poetry including poems from H. C. Artmann, Gerald Bisinger, Ernst Jandl, Friederike Mayröcker, and Gerhard Rühm into Italian. He also translated works from Italian into German, including those of Umberto Saba.

His poems were translated into many other languages, including Greek, Hungarian, Russian and Spanish.

Ernst Jandl
Ernst Jandl (German: [jandl̩]; 1 August 1925 – 9 June 2000) was an Austrian writer, poet, and translator. He became known for his experimental lyric, mainly sound poems (Sprechgedichte) in the tradition of concrete and visual poetic forms.
Montana Highway 59
Highway 59 (MT 59) is a 195.389-mile (314.448 km) state highway in Montana, United States, that connects Wyoming Highway 59 (WYO 59) in Wyoming with Montana Highway 200 (MT 200) near the south end of the town of Jordan. WYO 59 continues south 57 miles (92 km) to the city of Gillette. The landscape traversed by MT 59 is mostly hilly and arid, largely used for open-range grazing; the only major commercial areas are the towns of Broadus and Miles City.

For approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) in and near Broadus, MT 59 is concurrent with U.S. Route 212 (US 212).

Open range
In the Western United States and Canada, open range is rangeland where cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership. Where there are "open range" laws, those wanting to keep animals off their property must erect a fence to keep animals out; this applies to public roads as well.  Land in open range that is designated as part of a  "herd district" reverses liabilities, requiring an animal's owner to fence it in or otherwise keep it on the person's own property.  Most eastern states and jurisdictions in Canada require owners to fence in or herd their livestock.
Aoi-ku, Shizuoka
Aoi-ku (葵区, Aoi-ku) is one of three wards of the city of Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, located in the northern part of the city. Aoi-ku borders Suruga-ku in the south and Shimizu-ku to the southeast; the west faces Shimada, Fujieda and Kawanehon and its northern tip extends into the border between Nagano Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture.  It is the largest ward in Japan in terms of geographic area.

Aoi-ku was created on April 1, 2003, when Shizuoka became a city designated by government ordinance (a "designated city"). It consists of the area of Shizuoka prior to its merger with Shimizu, north of the Tōkaidō Main Line rail tracks.

The ward is home to both the Shizuoka city offices as well as the Shizuoka prefectural offices.

Fujieda, Shizuoka
Fujieda (藤枝市, Fujieda-shi) is a city located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2019, the city has an estimated population of 145,032 in 59,480 households, and a population density of 750 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 194.06 square kilometres (74.93 sq mi). Fujieda is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities  (AFHC).
René Burkhalter
René Burkhalter (27 October 1934 – 26 November 2024) was a Swiss sports administrator who was a member of the Central Committee and the Technical Commission of the Swiss Fencing Federation. He was the founder and president during 25 years of the Fencing Grand Prix of Bern, as well as the president of the Swiss Olympic Association from November 1996, succeeding Daniel Plattner, until 1 January 2001, when he was succeeded by Walter Kägi. Burkhalter also served as the president of the Swiss Sports Aid Foundation from 2001, succeeding Paul Wyss, until 1 January 2005, when he was succeeded by Ruth Metzler.

In 2001, he was awarded the Olympic Order by the IOC. Born on 27 October 1934, Burkhalter died in Bern, on 26 November 2024, at the age of 90.

Swiss Olympic Association
The Swiss Olympic Association (IOC Code: SUI) is the National Olympic Committee and the umbrella organisation for organised Swiss sport under private law. It has 104 members (81 national sports federations and 23 partner organisations), to which some two million people belong, practising sports in about 19,000 clubs. Swiss Olympic has its headquarters in the House of Sports in Ittigen near Bern. Swiss Olympic represents Olympic as well as non-Olympic sports and is a non-profit organisation. The big sports federations are divided into regional and cantonal associations. Former Federal Councillor Ruth Metzler has been President since January 2025. Roger Schnegg has been Director since January 2012.
Makarye
Makarye (Russian: Макарье) is the name of several rural localities (villages and selos) in Russia:

Makarye, Kiknursky District, Kirov Oblast, a selo in Vashtrangsky Rural Okrug of Kiknursky District of Kirov Oblast

Makarye, Kotelnichsky District, Kirov Oblast, a selo in Makaryevsky Rural Okrug of Kotelnichsky District of Kirov Oblast

Makarye, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Orlovskoye Rural Settlement of Novousmansky District of Voronezh Oblast

Kotelnichsky District
Kotelnichsky District (Russian: Коте́льничский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-nine in Kirov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,940 square kilometers (1,520 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kotelnich (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 15,799; (2010 Census) 20,507 (2002 Census); 27,712 (1989 Soviet census).
Rakhi – Atoot Rishtey Ki Dor
Rakhi - Atoot Rishtey Ki Dor is a Hindi TV serial that airs on Zee TV since 27 August 2007 until 12 February 2009. It looks at the complex scenario within which a brother-sister relationship goes through.

Zee TV
ZEE TV, also known as Z TV, is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It was launched on 1 October 1992 as the oldest privately owned television channel in India. It now broadcasts worldwide.
Ram Naresh Yadav
Ram Naresh Yadav (1 July 1928 – 22 November 2016) was an Indian politician who was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 1977 to 1979 and Governor of Madhya Pradesh from 2011 to 2016. He was from Janata Party; later he joined the Congress. He served as Deputy Chief Minister under the Babu Banarasi Das government from 1979 to 1980. He   served as Deputy leader  of Rajya Sabha in 1989. He also served as Governor of Chhattisgarh in 2014. (he was also the first INC-non associated member to become chief minister of state)

Deputy leader
A deputy leader (in Scottish English, sometimes depute leader) in the Westminster system is the second-in-command of a political party, behind the party leader. Deputy leaders often become Deputy prime minister when their parties are elected to government. The deputy leader may take on the role of the leader if the current leader is, for some reason, unable to perform their role as leader. For example, the deputy leader often takes the place of the party leader at question time sessions in their absence. They also often have other responsibilities of party management.
Order of the People's Hero
The Order of the People's Hero or the Order of the National Hero (Serbo-Croatian: Orden narodnog heroja / Oрден народног хероја; Slovene: Red narodnega heroja, Macedonian: Oрден на народен херој, romanized: Orden na naroden heroj) was a Yugoslav gallantry medal, the second highest military award, and third overall Yugoslav decoration. It was awarded to individuals, military units, political and other organisations who distinguished themselves by extraordinary heroic deeds during war and in peacetime. The recipients were thereafter known as People's Heroes of Yugoslavia or National Heroes of Yugoslavia. The vast majority was awarded to partisans for actions during the Second World War. A total of 1,322 awards were awarded in Yugoslavia, and 19 were awarded to foreigners.

In 1998, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia decided to award the Order of the People's Hero again and decorated several military units, but no individuals.

Drvar
Drvar (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрвар, pronounced [dř̩ʋaːr]) is a town and the seat of the Municipality of Drvar in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the road between Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac, and also near Glamoč.

Drvar lies in a vast valley, the southeastern part of Bosanska Krajina, between the Osječenica, Klekovača, Vijenca and Šator mountains of the Dinaric Alps. The southeastern side of the boundary extends from the Šator over the Jadovnik, the Ujilica and descends to the Lipovo and the Una River.

This extremely hilly region, comprising the town of Drvar and the numerous outlying villages, covers approximately 1,030 square kilometres (400 square miles). The town is mainly situated on the left side of the River Unac, and its elevation is approximately 480 meters (1,574 feet).