hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amarante, Portugal
Amarante (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐmɐˈɾɐ̃tɨ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in the Tâmega e Sousa subregion in northern Portugal. The population in 2021 was 52,116, in an area of 301.33 square kilometres (116.34 sq mi). The city itself, encompassed by the parish of São Gonçalo, Madalena, Cepelos and Gatão had a population of 11,564 in 2021. The city has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network under the category of City of Music since 2017.

It is reputed to have helped local forces fend off a French attack in the early 19th century. Amarante is also associated with the priest and saint Gundisalvus of Amarante, known locally as São Gonçalo de Amarante.

City of Music (UNESCO)
City of Music is a designation given by UNESCO to a number of cities around the world "that have identified creativity as a strategic factor for sustainable urban development", to promote cooperation among them and to help establish further music-related activities in the cities. The network is a sub-network of the wider UNESCO Creative Cities Network, or UCCN. The UCCN launched in 2004, and has member cities in seven creative fields.  The other fields are: Crafts and Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, and Media Arts.
Kansas Business Hall of Fame
The Kansas Business Hall of Fame (KBHF) recognizes business leaders who have contributed to the economic growth of the state of Kansas. It was established in 1988 by the Emporia State University School of Business, where it remains housed on the second floor of Cremer Hall.

Walter Chrysler
Walter Percy Chrysler (April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American industrial pioneer in the automotive industry, automotive industry executive, and the founder and namesake of American Chrysler Corporation.
Nils Bergkvist
Nils Valentin Bergkvist or Nils Bergqvist (born 13 August 1900 in Södertälje– died ?) was a Swedish chess master.

He shared first in the national tournament at Lund 1933, took 5th at Stockholm 1937 (Reuben Fine won), played a match with Salo Landau at Stockholm 1937, twice tied for 3rd-4th, with Ernst Larsson at Kalmar 1938 (Erik Lundin won), and with Allan Bergkvist at Stockholm 1938 (Gösta Stoltz won), tied for 2nd with Rudolf Spielmann, behind Gideon Ståhlberg, at Stockholm 1939 (Swedish Chess Championship), and won at Stockholm 1940.

He thrice represented Sweden in Chess Olympiads (3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Munich 1936, the 8th Chess Olympiad at Buenos Aires 1939, and the 9th Chess Olympiad at Dubrovnik 1950). Playing on the fourth board, he won individual bronze medal in 1950.

8th Chess Olympiad
The 8th Chess Olympiad (Spanish: La 8a Olimpíada de ajedrez), organised by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), comprised an open tournament, as well as a Women's World Championship contest. The main team event took place between August 21 and September 19, 1939, in the Politeama Theatre in Buenos Aires, Argentina and coincided with the outbreak of World War II.

Following the end of the 8th Olympiad, the Chess Olympiad was suspended indefinitely due to economic concerns in conjunction with World War II; the next Chess Olympiad would not be held until 1950.
Nancy Rosen
Nancy Rosen is an independent curator based in New York City. In 1980, she founded Nancy Rosen Incorporated, an organization which assists a broad range of government agencies, not-for-profit and academic institutions, corporations, professional firms and individuals to plan, implement and manage fine art collections and public art programs. Her work includes the Art-for-Public-Spaces program for the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., and a public art program for Battery Park City, a neighborhood adjacent to the World Trade Center site. She advised the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and the Committee for Art in Public Places at Middlebury College.

In 2003, she served on the jury for the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition.

World Trade Center site
The World Trade Center site, often referred to as "Ground Zero" or "the Pile" immediately after the September 11 attacks, is a 14.6-acre (5.9 ha) area in Lower Manhattan in New York City. The site is bounded by Vesey Street to the north, the West Side Highway to the west, Liberty Street to the south, and Church Street to the east. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) owns the site's land (except for 7 World Trade Center). The original World Trade Center complex stood on the site until it was destroyed in the September 11 attacks.

The Port Authority, Silverstein Properties, and the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) have overseen the reconstruction of the site as part of the new World Trade Center, following a master plan by Studio Daniel Libeskind. Developer Larry Silverstein holds the lease to retail and office space in four of the site's buildings.
Skiddaw Group
The Skiddaw Group is a group of sedimentary rock formations named after the mountain Skiddaw in the English Lake District. The rocks are almost wholly Ordovician in age (Tremadoc through Arenig to Llanvirn epochs) though the lowermost beds are possibly of Cambrian age. This rock sequence has previously been known as the Skiddaw Slates, the Skiddaw Slates Group and the Skiddavian Series. Its base is not exposed but in its main outcrop area, it is considered to be in excess of 5,000 metres (16,000 ft) thick though less elsewhere. It consists largely of mudstones and siltstones with subordinate wacke-type sandstones. Their main occurrence is within the northern and central fells of the Lake District, either side of the major ENE-WSW aligned Causey Pike Fault, but inliers are found at Black Combe in the south of the Lake District and at Cross Fell in the North Pennines.

Tremadocian
The Tremadocian is the lowest stage of Ordovician. Together with the later Floian Stage it forms the Lower Ordovician Epoch. The Tremadocian lasted from 486.85 to 477.1 million years ago. The base of the Tremadocian is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Iapetognathus fluctivagus at the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) section on Newfoundland.
Fred Treacey
Frederick S. Treacey (c. 1847, Brooklyn – After 1876) was an American professional baseball player who played outfield in the National Association and National League from 1871 to 1876. Treacey played for the Chicago White Stockings, Athletic of Philadelphia, Philadelphia White Stockings, Philadelphia Centennials, and the New York Mutuals. His brother, Pete Treacey, was his teammate on the Mutuals in 1876.

New York Mutuals
The Mutual Base Ball Club of New York was an American baseball club established in 1857, the year of the first baseball convention. The Mutuals just missed out on being a founding member of the National Association of Base Ball Players that year, but later became a charter member of both the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, or "NA", the first professional league, in 1871, and then the National League in 1876.
2024 Play In Challenger – Doubles
Max Purcell and Jason Taylor were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Christian Harrison and Marcus Willis won the title after defeating Titouan Droguet and Giovanni Mpetshi Perricard 7–6(8–6), 6–3 in the final.

Max Purcell
Max Purcell (born 3 April 1998) is an Australian suspended professional tennis player. He has reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 40 on 16 October 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 8 on 9 September 2024.
In doubles, he won two Grand Slam titles at the 2024 US Open with  Jordan Thompson and at the 2022 Wimbledon Championships with Matthew Ebden. The pair also finished runners-up at the 2022 Australian Open. Purcell also reached the finals at the 2020 Australian Open with Luke Saville and at the 2024 Wimbledon with Thompson. In mixed doubles, Purcell reached the semifinals at the 2021 US Open with Dayana Yastremska. He represented Australia in both disciplines at the 2020 Olympic Games, partnering John Peers in doubles.

In April 2025, Purcell accepted to serve an 18-month competition ban, due to expire in June 2026, for an anti-doping rule violation.
Free Zone station
Free Zone station of the Doha Metro's Red Line is in the Qatari capital Doha. It serves the Al Wakrah Municipality, namely Al Wakrah City, Ras Abu Fontas and Barwa Village. It is located near Airforce Interchange, which is the crossing of F Ring Road and Al Wakrah Road.

Doha Metro
The Doha Metro (Arabic: مترو الدوحة, romanized: Mitru ad-Dawha) is a rapid transit system in the Doha Metropolitan Area, including Qatar's capital city Doha, which became operational on 8 May 2019. It has three lines with an approximate overall length of 76 km (47 mi) and 37 stations. It is an integral component of the wider Qatar Rail network, which will include a long-distance rail for passengers and freight, linking Qatar to the GCC, and the Lusail LRT. Capable of reaching 100 km/h (62 mph), the Doha Metro has one of the fastest driverless trains in the world.

Doha Metro is operated and maintained for a duration of 20 years by RKH Qitarat, a joint venture formed by Hamad Group (51%) and French transit operators Keolis and RATP Dev (49%), on behalf of system owner Qatar Rail.
Khulani Commercial High School
Khulani Commercial High School is a secondary school that used to specialise in Commercial education. Since the introduction of National Curriculum Statement by the public department of basic education, the school was reintroduced as a general public secondary school without any specialisation. The school is based in Mdantsane (Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality), Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Mdantsane
Mdantsane is a South African urban township situated 15 km away from East London and 37 km away from Qonce in the Eastern Cape. It is the second largest township in Eastern Cape and 17th largest in the Top 20 largest townships in South Africa.

The name Mdantsane was derived from a stream that ran from the Nahoon River down to the Buffalo River. Some believe the stream was called Dontsane. Soon after the stream was named, a "white farm" which was at the entrance of Mdantsane (now known as Zone 1) was also named after the stream Dontsane or Umdanzani.

The township is part of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The Mdantsane township is the second largest township in the Eastern Cape, by population.
Neopluvial
The Neopluvial was a phase of wetter and colder climate that occurred during the late Holocene in the Western United States. During the Neopluvial, water levels in a number of now-dry lakes and closed lakes such as the Great Salt Lake rose and vegetation changed in response to increased precipitation. The event was not exactly synchronous everywhere, with neopluvial lake-level rises occurring between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago. It is correlative to the Neoglacial period.

Endorheic lake
An endorheic lake (also called a sink lake or terminal lake) is a collection of water within an endorheic basin, or sink, with no evident outlet. Endorheic lakes are generally saline as a result of being unable to get rid of solutes left in the lake by evaporation. These lakes can be used as indicators of anthropogenic change, such as irrigation or climate change, in the areas surrounding them. Lakes with subsurface drainage are called cryptorheic.
Walter Hundley
R. Walter Hundley (born January 12, 1953) served as a Republican member of the South Carolina Senate, representing the people of the 41st District. Hundley was elected in a special general election on July 17, 2012, to fulfill the remainder of Glenn F. McConnell's term following the latter's resignation to become Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina.

Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
The lieutenant governor of South Carolina is the second-in-command to the governor of South Carolina. Beyond the responsibility to act or serve as governor in the event of the office's vacancy, the duties of the lieutenant governor are chiefly ceremonial. The current lieutenant governor is Pamela Evette, who took office January 9, 2019.
Edgbaston (ward)
Edgbaston ward is a local government district, one of 40 wards that make up Birmingham City Council.  Edgbaston lies to the south west of Birmingham city centre and is home to the University of Birmingham and the Queen Elizabeth hospital. The ward population at the 2011 census was 24,426.

Birmingham city centre
Birmingham city centre, also known as Central Birmingham, is the central business district of Birmingham, England. The area was historically in Warwickshire. Following the removal of the Inner Ring Road, the city centre is now defined as being the area within the Middleway ring road. In recent years the city centre has been undergoing massive redevelopment with the Big City Plan, which means there are now nine emerging districts and the city centre is approximately five times bigger.

Historically the area was in Warwickshire, on the border with Worcestershire. Until around the Industrial Revolution,  "Birmingham" referred only to what is now called the city centre. It was used to describe other areas when Birmingham absorbed surrounding towns.
Andrea Bekić
Andrea Bekić (born May 14, 1965) is a Croatian diplomat, current Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to The Swiss Confederation. Formerly, she was Croatian Ambassador to The Republic of Poland.

European Security and Defence College
The European Security and Defence College (ESDC) is an autonomous EU body under the overall responsibility of the HR/VP, that provides training and education at EU level in the field of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), which is part of the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).
Offgrid
Offgrid is a bimonthly magazine dedicated to disaster preparation and survival, featuring articles on making knives, building shelters, bug-out bags, and gear reviews.

The magazine primarily offers educational articles on how to survive a life-threatening situation or a man-made or natural disaster. Reviews on knives, packs, clothing, and survival gear; as well as first aid tips, historical articles, self-defense, and foraging. In addition to those departments, each issue has a central theme which unifies the articles.

Survival
Survival or survivorship, the act of surviving, is the propensity of something to continue existing despite conditions that might kill or destroy it. The concept can be applied to humans and other living things (or, hypothetically, any sentient being), to a physical object, and to abstract things such as beliefs or ideas. Living things generally have a self-preservation instinct to survive, while objects intended for use in harsh conditions are designed for survivability.
Bärbel Kampmann
Bärbel Kampmann (March 26, 1946 – October 27, 1999) was an Afro-German psychologist, writer, and civil servant. A well-known anti-racist activist in Germany, she led innovative integration programs in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia that served as a model for the rest of the country.

Anti-racism
Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured around conscious efforts and deliberate actions which are intended to create equal opportunities for all people on both an individual and a systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be engaged in by the acknowledgment of personal privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts include the Black Lives Matter movement and workplace anti-racism.
Khalid ibn Sa'id
Khālid ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ (Arabic: خالد بن سعيد بن العاص; d. 634 CE), also known as Abu Sa'id, was a companion to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a general under the Rashidun Caliphate.

He was one of the members of Banu Umayya of the Quraysh tribe. Khalid converted to Islam before 613 CE along with his brother Amr. He migrated to Abyssinia along with his wife Hamaniya, where he acted as Umm Habiba's wali when she married Muhammad while she was in Abyssinia.

In 633, he was appointed commander of Syrian campaign by Abu Bakr. In 634, he married Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham on the evening preceding battle of Marj al-Saffar, he was killed in the battle.

Battle of Marj al-Saffar (634)
The Battle of Marj al-Saffar took place in 634. At Damascus, Thomas, son-in-law of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, was in charge. Receiving the intelligence of Khalid's march towards Damascus he prepared the defences of Damascus. He wrote to Emperor Heraclius for reinforcement, who was at Emesa that time. Moreover, Thomas, in order to get more time to prepare for a siege, sent the armies to delay, or if possible, halt Khalid's march to Damascus. One such army was defeated at the Battle of Yaqusa in mid-August 634 near Lake Tiberias 150 km from Damascus, another army that halted the Muslim advance to Damascus was defeated in the Battle of Marj al-Saffar on 23 January 635. It is said that Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham, a Muslim heroine was involved in this battle and killed seven Byzantine soldiers.
Georgia State Panthers football
The Georgia State Panthers football team is the college football program for Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. The Panthers football team was founded in 2010 and competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level. The team is a member of the Sun Belt Conference. The Panthers currently play at Center Parc Stadium, about ten minutes from GSU's downtown campus.

Dell McGee
Antonio Deleon "Dell" McGee (born September 7, 1973) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the head football coach for Georgia State University, a position he has held since 2024. He was the interim head football coach for the Georgia Southern Eagles in 2015. He played as a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL), and was selected in the fifth round of the 1996 NFL draft by the Arizona Cardinals. He was also a member of the Detroit Lions.
St. Paul's Lutheran Church (Oak Hill, New York)
St. Paul's Lutheran Church, originally St. Paul's Episcopal Church, is a historic Lutheran church at 464 Main Street in Oak Hill, Greene County, New York.  The original section was built in 1843 and is a heavy timber frame rectangular  structure, three bays wide by four bays deep, in a conventional meeting house style.  In 1883, a light frame chancel addition was completed and it features a steeply pitched gable roof.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Greene County, New York
Greene County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,931. Its county seat is Catskill. The county's name is in honor of the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Neobouteloua
Neobouteloua is a genus of Argentine and Chilean plants in the grass family.

Species

Neobouteloua lophostachya (Griseb.) Gould - Chile, Argentina (Catamarca, Córdoba, Salta, Tucumán, La Rioja, San Luis, Mendoza, Santiago del Estero)

Neobouteloua pauciracemosa M.G.López & Biurrun -  Argentina (La Rioja, San Luis)

Córdoba Province, Argentina
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north) Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja, and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.

Córdoba is the second-most populous Argentine province, with 3,978,984 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, Córdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.
2010 Redbridge London Borough Council election
Elections for Redbridge London Borough Council were held on 6 May 2010.  The 2010 General Election and other local elections took place on the same day.

In London council elections the entire council is elected every four years.

Redbridge London Borough Council
Redbridge London Borough Council, also known as Redbridge Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Redbridge in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2014. The council meets at Redbridge Town Hall in Ilford and has its main offices nearby at Lynton House.
Fort Mason, Florida
Fort Mason is an unincorporated community in Lake County, Florida, United States. The community is located along Florida State Road 19 between Eustis and Dona Vista.

Fort Mason was the junction of the main line and the Lane Park branch of the St. Johns and Lake Eustis Railway, which was acquired by the Plant System in 1896 and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902.

Plant System
The Plant System, named after its owner, Henry B. Plant, was a system of railroads and steamboats in the U.S. South, taken over by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902. The original line of the system was the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway, running across southern Georgia. The Plant Investment Company was formed in 1882 to lease and buy other railroads and expand the system. Other major lines incorporated into the system include the Savannah and Charleston Railroad and the Brunswick and Western Railroad.
Bridgerton season 2
The second season of the American historical romance series Bridgerton premiered on March 25, 2022 consisting of eight episodes. It is based on the second volume of the Bridgerton novel series The Viscount Who Loved Me, focusing on the eldest Bridgerton sibling Anthony, played by Jonathan Bailey. The season received positive reviews from critics with particular praise for the performance of Bailey and chemistry of the lead characters.

Viscount
A viscount (/ˈvaɪkaʊnt/ ⓘ VY-kownt, for male) or viscountess (/ˈvaɪkaʊntɪs/ ⓘ, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status. The status and any domain held by a viscount is a viscounty.

In the case of French viscounts, the title is sometimes left untranslated as vicomte [vi.kɔ̃t].
Farrow, Alberta
Farrow is an unincorporated community in Vulcan County, Alberta, Canada. The community is located 5 km off of Highway 24 on Township road 202, about 25 km north of Vulcan and 82 km southeast of the City of Calgary. The community has been completely abandoned and is now owned by a local farmer (no trespassing). Most of the remaining buildings of the former community including a Church/school, a house, a fallen store, and out buildings have all been demolished completely. The remains can now be seen from aboard the Aspen crossing railway.

Farrow was originally known as Glenview or Randle for a short time. The name was changed to "Farrow" the maiden name of the wife of the Superintendent of the C.P.R. at that time.

Township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.

Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canada, Scotland, and parts of the United States, the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban.