hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pashayan syndrome
Pashayan syndrome, also known as Pashayan–Pruzansky syndrome and blepharo-naso-facial syndrome, is a rare syndrome with Mendelian autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expression. An article describing a family with this syndrome was first published in 1973 in The American Journal of Diseases of Children by Drs Hermine Pashayan, Samuel Pruzansky and Allen Putterman from Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine, University of Illinois in Chicago. Facial abnormalities characterise this syndrome as well as malformation of extremities. Specific characteristics would be a bulky, flattened nose, where the face has a mask like appearance and the ears are also malformed.

A subset of Pashayan syndrome has also been described, known as "cerebrofacioarticular syndrome", "Van Maldergem syndrome'" or "Van Maldergem–Wetzburger–Verloes syndrome". Similar symptoms are noted in these cases as in Pashayan syndrome.

Face
The face is the front of the head in humans and many other animals that features most of the sense organs including the eyes, nose and mouth. Many animals may express emotions through their face. Sense organs in the faces of different animals are varied such as the snout, and the proboscis. Many animals are flat-faced (brachycephalic) such as the pug dog.

The human face is crucial for identity, and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities may adversely affect the psyche.
Thigmonasty
In biology, thigmonasty or seismonasty is the nastic (non-directional) response of a plant or fungus to touch or vibration. Conspicuous examples of thigmonasty include many species in the leguminous subfamily Mimosoideae, active carnivorous plants such as Dionaea and a wide range of pollination mechanisms.

Mimosoideae
The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae) that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates.  They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers, with petals that are twice divided (valvate) in bud and with numerous showy, prominent stamens.

Recent work on phylogenetic relationships has found that the Mimosoideae form a clade nested with subfamily Caesalpinioideae and the most recent classification by The Legume Phylogeny Working Group refer to them as the Mimosoid clade within subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The group includes about 40 genera and 2,500 species.
Rainfall simulator
A rainfall simulator is used in soil science and hydrology to study how soil reacts to rainfall. Natural rainfall is difficult to use in experimentation because its timing and intensity cannot be reliably reproduced. Using simulated rainfall significantly speeds the study of erosion, surface runoff and leaching.

The simplest rainfall simulators qualitatively demonstrate what happens to soil during rainfall events. They are useful for explaining how fertilizer may run off (wash away) rather than supply nutrients to crops.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Clan Bethune
Bethune of Balfour is an ancient Scottish family who from about 1375 to 1888 were lairds of Balfour in Fife, an estate in the Lowlands parish of Markinch. Originating before the year 1000 in the town of Béthune, then in the county of Flanders, over the centuries the pronunciation of the family name shifted from the original French bay-tune to the Scots bee-t'n, usually written Beaton. From about 1560, members of the family started using the French spelling again.

Bethune families originating in the Scottish Highlands and Scottish Islands are entirely separate lines.

Markinch
Markinch (/mɑːrˈkɪntʃ/, Scottish Gaelic: Marc Innis) is both a village and a parish in the heart of Fife, Scotland. According to an estimate taken in 2008, the village has a population of 2,420. The civil parish had a population of 16,530 (in 2011). Markinch is east of Fife's administrative centre, Glenrothes, and preceded Cupar as Fife's place of warranty and justice prior to the 13th century.
Third Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa
The Third Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made changes to allow the creation of municipalities that cross provincial boundaries.  It was enacted by the Parliament of South Africa, signed by President Mandela on 20 October 1998, and came into force on the 30th of the same month. The changes it made were reversed in 2005 by the Twelfth Amendment.

Municipalities of South Africa
Local government in South Africa consists of municipalities (Tswana: bommasepala; Sotho: bomasepala; Northern Sotho: bommasepala; Afrikaans: munisipaliteite; Zulu: ngomasipala; Southern Ndebele: bomasipala; Xhosa: ngoomasipala; Swazi: bomasipala; Venda: vhomasipala; Tsonga: vamasipala) of various types. The largest metropolitan areas are governed by metropolitan municipalities, while the rest of the country is divided into counties called district municipalities, each of which consists of several boroughs called local municipalities. Since the boundary reform at the time of the municipal election of 3 August 2016 there are eight metropolitan municipalities, 44 district municipalities and 205 local municipalities.
Riverside Park (Dallas)
Riverside Park was a baseball park located in Dallas, Texas, and was the home to many Negro league baseball teams that existed in Dallas over the course of segregated baseball as well as the Dallas Black Giants of the Texas Colored League and, later on, the Texas-Oklahoma-Louisiana League. The park was just a few blocks away from Burnett Field, and left and center fields, on the bank of the Trinity River, were in play. The park was also used by the Texas League Dallas Steers for one game the day after a fire destroyed Gardner Park on July 19, 1924.

Trinity River (Texas)
The Trinity River is a 710-mile (1,140 km) river. It rises in extreme northern Texas, a few miles south of the Red River. The headwaters are separated by the high bluffs on the southern side of the Red River.

The Trinity River was previously identified as the stream that the Caddo called Arkikosa in Central Texas and Daycoa nearer the coast. However, in 2022, language preservationists from the Caddo Nation determined their ancestral language lacked the letter “R” sound. Arkikosa was likely a corruption or misspelling of the word Akokisa. In the vernacular of another tribe, the Atakapa who settled in the Gulf Coast woodlands, Akokisa means “river people.” French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, in 1687, named the river, Riviere des canoës ("River of Canoes"). In 1690 Spanish explorer Alonso de León named it, "La Santísima Trinidad" ("the Most Holy Trinity").
Waseberg
The Waseberg in Blankenese, Hamburg, Germany is with a height of 87 m above sea level (NN) the third highest peak of the city and the second highest of the quarter of Blankenese (behind Baursberg). It is part of a ridge on the north bank of the river Elbe.

The hill gained notoriety primarily by the steeply rising road of the same name to a small plateau near the hilltop as a challenge in cycling. In addition, the bus circle line 488 from Blankenese railway station, which is also climbing the hill on this road utilizing small buses, is nicknamed mountain goat (Bergziege) by the inhabitants of Blankenese.

Blankenese station
Blankenese is a railway station on the Altona-Blankenese line, part of the Hamburg S-Bahn, located in the suburb of Blankenese in the borough of Altona, Hamburg, Germany.

The station opened in 1867, and is a heritage site. It is a terminus, meaning the trains have to reverse their direction.
RAP6
RAP6 is the abbreviation for Rab5-activating protein 6, a novel endosomal protein with a role in endocytosis. RAP6 was discovered by Alejandro Barbieri and his group of researchers (Christine Hunker, Adriana Galvis, Ivan Kruk, Hugo Giambini, Lina Torres and Maria Luisa Veisaga) working at Florida International University.

This novel human protein has been reported to be involved in membrane trafficking. It has been shown that RAP6 has a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity specific to Rab5 and a GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity specific to RAS.

The original GenBank Identifications (GIs) have been published in the NCBI Nucleotide databases with GIs  77176718 and  77176720. Since then, many names have been coined to the validated protein such as RabGEF1, GeneID: 27342. RAP6 belongs to the family of the GAPVD1, GeneID: 26130

Ras superfamily
The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases. Members of the superfamily are divided into families and subfamilies based on their structure, sequence and function. The five main families are Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases. The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rap, Rheb, Rad and Rit. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily. Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.

The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as WASP.

In general, the Ras family is responsible for cell proliferation: Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport, and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport.
Flaco (athlete)
José María Avizanda Glaría (born 24 May 1966), better known as Flaco, is a Spanish football coach and former player. He won the Norwegian Football Cup with Molde in 1994. Flaco has played for Rayo Vallecano from 1986 to 1990, where he was a teammate of Jan Berg. When he left Rayo Vallecano for Molde, he became the first and for many years the only Spaniard to have played in the Norwegian Premier League. During his coaching career he has coached Averøykameratene and Bryn from Møre og Romsdal. After 17 years in Norway, he now lives in Spain.

IL Averøykameratene
Idrettslaget Averøykameratene is a Norwegian association football club from Averøy Municipality, Møre og Romsdal.

The men's football team currently plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. It had a stint in the Norwegian Second Division before being relegated after the 1999 season. In 2002 they won their Third Division group, and in the two-leg playoff they beat Bergsøy IL 6–1 on aggregate. They were relegated from the 2003 Norwegian Second Division. In 2006 they prevailed again, beating Skarbøvik IF 5–4 on aggregate, but they were relegated from the 2007 Norwegian Second Division.
Skipton Football Club
The Skipton Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Emus, are an Australian rules football and netball club based in the town of Skipton, Victoria, currently playing in the Central Highlands Football League.

Daylesford Football Club
Daylesford Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Bulldogs, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the Victorian town of Daylesford. The club plays in the Central Highlands Football League.

The club was formerly known as the Daylesford "Demons" until 2006, when they joined the Central Highlands Football League.
St Michael's Church, Garston
St Michael's Church is in Church Road, Garston, a district of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Liverpool South Childwall, the archdeaconry of Liverpool, and the diocese of Liverpool. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It is located on an industrial site between gas holders and a railway.

Gas holder
A gas holder or gasholder, also known as a gasometer, is a large container in which natural gas or town gas (coal gas or formerly also water gas) is stored near atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures. The volume of the container follows the quantity of stored gas, with pressure coming from the weight of a movable cap. Typical volumes for large gas holders are about 50,000 cubic metres (1,800,000 ft3), with 60-metre-diameter (200 ft) structures.

Gas holders now tend to be used for balancing purposes to ensure that gas pipes can be operated within a safe range of pressures, rather than for actually storing gas for later use.
40S ribosomal protein S23
40S ribosomal protein S23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS23 gene.

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S12P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein shares significant amino acid similarity with S. cerevisiae ribosomal protein S28. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Stuart Catterall
Stuart Colin Catterall (born 9 April 1975) is a former English cricketer.  Catterall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born at Southampton, Hampshire.

Catterall represented the Lancashire Cricket Board in List A cricket.  His debut List A match came against the Essex Cricket Board in the 2000 NatWest Trophy.  From 2000 to 2002, he represented the Board in 4 List A matches, the last of which came against Scotland in the 2nd round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 64 runs at a batting average of 32.00, with a high score of 37*. With the ball he took a single wicket at a bowling average of 73.00, with best figures of 1/34.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
The Dentist (1932 film)
The Dentist is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy short starring W. C. Fields. The film is one of four shorts Fields made with the "king of comedy," Mack Sennett, at Paramount.  Although Sennett was near the end of his career, he found good use of the new medium of talking pictures for comedy, as the film demonstrates.  It was directed by Leslie Pearce from a script by Fields himself.  The film has been released on VHS and DVD.

Mack Sennett
Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-American producer, director, actor, and studio head who was known as the "King of Comedy" during his career.

Born in Danville, Quebec, he started acting in films in the Biograph Company of New York City in 1908, and later opened Keystone Studios in Edendale, California in 1912. Keystone possessed the first fully enclosed film stage, and Sennett became famous as the originator of slapstick routines such as pie-throwing and car-chases, as seen in the Keystone Cops films. He also produced short features that displayed his Bathing Beauties, many of whom had  acting careers.

After struggling with bankruptcy and the dominance of sound films in the early 1930s, Sennett was presented with an honorary Academy Award in 1938 for his contributions to the film industry, with the academy describing him as a "master of fun, discoverer of stars, sympathetic, kindly, understanding comedy genius".
Septocyta ruborum
Septocyta ruborum is a species of fungus in the Ascomycota. Its taxonomic relationship to other taxa in the Ascomycota is unknown, and it has not been assigned with certainty to any order or family (incertae sedis). It is a plant pathogen and grows on Rubus laciniatus, R. nessensis, R. procerus and wild blackberry (R. fruticosus); it causes purple blotch or stem spot disease, also known as dieback of blackberries.

Rubus armeniacus
Rubus armeniacus, the Himalayan blackberry or Armenian blackberry, is a species of Rubus in the blackberry group Rubus subgenus Rubus series Discolores (P.J. Müll.) Focke. It is native to Armenia and northern Iran, and widely invasive elsewhere. Both its scientific name and origin have been the subject of much confusion.

The plant is known for its highly edible berries (technically aggregate fruits), which are large and sweet when ripe. Notably, the species was used in the development of the marionberry. Also known for its extreme vigor and tendency to spread rapidly over disturbed areas, it is considered a noxious weed and an invasive species in many regions.
Christophe Fraser
Christophe Fraser is a professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology in the Big Data Institute, part of the Nuffield Department of Medicine at the University of Oxford.

Fraser's PhD and initial postdoctoral research were in theoretical particle physics. He converted to infectious disease epidemiology in 1998, based first at the University of Oxford then at Imperial College London, where he became Chair of Theoretical Epidemiology and served as deputy director of the MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling.
He returned to the University of Oxford in 2016 as Senior Group Leader in Pathogen Dynamics at the Big Data Institute.
In 2022 he was appointed Moh Family Foundation Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology as part of the University of Oxford's newly created Pandemic Sciences Institute.

Old Road Campus
The Old Road Campus is a University of Oxford site south of Old Road, in Headington, east Oxford, England. The Churchill Hospital, a teaching hospital managed by the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, is to the south.
Bruce J. Walker
Bruce John Walker is an American engineer, lawyer, and government official who serves as the Assistant Secretary of Energy (Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability). Prior to assuming his current role, he founded Modern Energy Insights, Inc., which specializes in evaluating risk for utilities' electric infrastructure. Walker previously worked at National Grid as the vice president of asset strategy and policy and at Consolidated Edison, where he last held the position of director of corporate emergency management and served on the biological chemical weapons response team. He has served as a member of the United States Department of Energy's Electricity Advisory Committee. Walker co-founded the Global Smart Grid Federation. He has also served as the deputy county executive for Putnam County, New York, and as the acting energy sector chief for the Hudson Valley Infragard.

Office of Electricity
The Office of Electricity (OE) is a program office within the United States Department of Energy. The mission of OE is to work "closely with [...] private and public partners" and "lead the Department’s efforts to ensure that the Nation’s most critical energy infrastructure is secure and resilient." It does this through research and development of new technologies and overseeing the Federal and state electricity policies and programs for planning and market operations.
Lucky-Peter's Journey
Lucky-Peter's Journey is a 1969 opera, also called "a comedy with music," in three acts by Malcolm Williamson to an English libretto by Edmund Tracey (director for the English National Opera, formerly Sadler's Wells Opera) after the 1883 fairy-tale play Lycko-Pers Resa by August Strindberg.

Stephen Arlen
Stephen Arlen (31 October 1913 – 19 January 1972) was an English theatre manager and operatic administrator. Originally an actor, he took up backstage work as a stage manager, and in the years after the Second World War was in charge of stage management at the Old Vic.

He was persuaded to join Sadler's Wells Opera as an administrator, and was the moving force behind the company's change of base from Sadler's Wells Theatre to the London Coliseum in 1968. He was seconded by Sadler's Wells to be adviser to the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie in Brussels, and administrative director of the National Theatre in its early days.
Nabhaan Rizwan
Nabhaan Rizwan (born 7 February 1997) is a British actor known for crime drama Informer, his supporting roles in The Accident and 1917, and the miniseries Station Eleven. More recently, he portrays Noa alongside Aimee Lou Wood in the 2025 series Film Club, and Dionysus in the 2024 series Kaos. For Kaos, Rizwan was nominated for the 2025 British Academy Television Awards for Best Male Comedy Performance. In the same year, he was also nominated for the BAFTA Rising Star Award. Rizwan is also a rapper under the alias El Huxley.

Rizwan is originally from Redbridge and now lives in London.

BAFTA Rising Star Award
The EE British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Rising Star Award, currently styled as the EE Rising Star Award for commercial reasons and previously known as the Orange Rising Star Award, is a film award that acknowledges new talents in the acting industry. It is presented annually at the British Academy Film Awards.

The five nominees are chosen regardless of gender, nationality and whether they have made a breakthrough in television, film or both. Despite the nominees being chosen by the BAFTA juries, the winner is chosen entirely by public votes via text, internet or phone. This award was sponsored by Orange UK until 2012 and has been sponsored by EE since 2013.
1994 Torneo Internazional Femmin di Palermo – Doubles
Karin Kschwendt and Natalia Medvedeva were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Ruxandra Dragomir and Laura Garrone won the title by defeating qualifiers Alice Canepa and Giulia Casoni 6–1, 6–0 in the final.

Natalia Medvedeva (tennis)
Natalia Olegovna Medvedeva (Ukrainian: Наталія Олегівна Медведєвa, romanized: Nataliya Olehivna Medvedyeva, Russian: Наталья Олеговна Медведева, romanized: Natalya Olegovna Medvedeva; born 15 November 1971) is a former Soviet, CIS and Ukrainian professional tennis player.