hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Semiotic Society of America
The Semiotic Society of America is the major and leading semiotics organization in North America, serving scholars from many disciplines with common interests in semiotics, the study of signs and sign systems. It was founded in 1975. Its official journal is The American Journal of Semiotics. The Society also publishes the proceedings of its annual conferences. Memberships in the society and publication of the journal are managed by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

As its symbol, the Society uses caduceus, the staff of a messenger bearing a message, as a sign of a sign.

Message
A message is a unit of communication that conveys information from a sender to a receiver. It can be transmitted through various forms, such as spoken or written words, signals, or electronic data, and can range from simple instructions to complex information.

The consumption of the message relies on how the recipient interprets the message, there are times where the recipient contradicts the intention of the message which results in a boomerang effect. Message fatigue is another outcome recipients can obtain if a message is conveyed too much by the source.

One example of a message is a press release, which may vary from a brief report or statement released by a public agency to commercial publicity material. Another example of a message is how they are portrayed to a consumer via an advertisement.
Division of Bland
33°50′44″S 146°49′38″E﻿ / ﻿33.84556°S 146.82722°E﻿ / -33.84556; 146.82722

The Division of Bland was an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. The division was proclaimed in 1900, and was one of the original 65 divisions to be contested at the first federal election. It was abolished in 1906. It was named for Dr William Bland, a New South Wales colonial politician. Based in rural southern New South Wales, it included the towns of Narrandera, Young, Wagga Wagga and West Wyalong. Bland was held by Chris Watson, the first Leader of the federal parliamentary Labor Party and Australia's first Labor Prime Minister. When Bland was abolished in 1906, Watson transferred to South Sydney.

Young, New South Wales
Young is a town in the South Western Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia, and the largest town in the Hilltops Region. The "Lambing Flat" Post Office opened on 1 March 1861 and was renamed "Young" in 1863.

Young is marketed as the Cherry Capital of Australia and every year hosts the National Cherry Festival. Young is situated on the Olympic Highway and is approximately two hours' drive from the Canberra area. It is in a valley, with surrounding hills. The town is named after Sir John Young, the governor of NSW from 1861 to 1867.
Iais
Iais is a genus of isopod crustaceans. Iais species are found in association with larger isopods of the family Sphaeromatidae, usually on the ventral surface of the larger animal, between the pereiopods and on the pleopods. They are native to Australasia and South America, although Iais californica and its host Sphaeroma quoyanum have invaded California, and I. californica was first described from Sausalito, California.

Sausalito, California
Sausalito (Spanish for "small willow grove") is a city in Marin County, California, United States, located 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) southeast of Marin City, 8 miles (13 km) south-southeast of San Rafael, and about 4 miles (6 km) north of San Francisco from the Golden Gate Bridge.

Sausalito's population was 7,269 as of the 2020 census. The community is situated near the northern end of the Golden Gate Bridge, and prior to the building of that bridge served as a terminus for rail, car, and ferry traffic.

Sausalito developed rapidly as a shipbuilding center in World War II, with its industrial character giving way in postwar years to a reputation as a wealthy and artistic enclave, a picturesque residential community (incorporating large numbers of houseboats), and a tourist destination. The city is adjacent to, and largely bounded by, the protected spaces of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area as well as the San Francisco Bay.
Czech Republic national under-21 speedway team
The Czech Republic national under-21 speedway team is the national under-21 motorcycle speedway team of the Czech Republic and is controlled by the Autoklub of the Czech Republic. The team started in Under-21 World Cup in all editions, but only one was a medal - bronze in 2007. The Individual competition was won by Antonín Kasper, Jr. (1982) and Lukáš Dryml (2002).

Antonín Kasper Jr.
Antonín Kasper (5 December 1962 – 31 July 2006) also known as Toni Kasper during his racing career, was a Czech motorcycle speedway rider. He appeared in four Speedway World Championship finals and featured in four Speedway Grand Prix series. He earned 42 international caps for the Czechoslovakia national speedway team and 15 caps for the Czech Republic national speedway team.
Kāmohoaliʻi
In Hawaiian religion, Kamohoaliʻi is a shark god and a brother of Kāne Milohaʻi, Pele, Kapo, Nāmaka, and Hiʻiaka. He is also the father of Nanaue.

Kamohoaliʻi swam in the area around the islands of Maui and Kahoolawe. When a ship was lost at sea, Ka-moho-aliʻi shook his tail in front of the fleet and the kahuna would feed him awa, a narcotic drink, and Kamohoaliʻi would guide the men home. He is sometimes said to have guided the ships of the original inhabitants of Hawaii from the mainland to their island home in this way.

Kamohoaliʻi had the power to take on the form of any fish and is believed to own multiple underwater caves beneath the ocean where he dwells.

Kahuna
Kahuna (Hawaiian pronunciation: [kəˈhunə]; Hawaiian: kahuna) is a Hawaiian word that refers to an expert in any field. Historically, it has been used to refer to doctors, surgeons and dentists, as well as priests, ministers, and sorcerers.
Oliver Ocasek
Oliver Robert Ocasek (November 2, 1925 – June 25, 1999) was an American politician of the Democratic Party who served as President of the Ohio State Senate in the 1970s and 1980s. After the Democrats lost their majority in the Senate, Ocasek was replaced as party leader by Harry Meshel. In 1962 and 1968, Ocasek ran for a seat in the United States House of Representatives. He lost both times to Republican incumbent William H. Ayres. In 1986 he lost a Democratic primary for congress in the 14th district to Thomas C. Sawyer. Ocasek also served on the Ohio Board of Education from 1993 to 1998.

William Hanes Ayres
William Hanes Ayres (February 5, 1916 – December 27, 2000) was an American World War II veteran and politician who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio from 1951 to 1971.
2015 Idol Star Athletics Basketball Futsal Archery Championships
The 2015 Idol Star Athletics Basketball Futsal Archery Championships (Korean: 아이돌스타 육상 농구 풋살 양궁 선수권대회) was held at Goyang Gymnasium in Goyang, South Korea on February 1 and 2, 2015 and was broadcast on MBC on February 19 and 20, 2015. At the championships, a total number of 9 events (6 in athletics and in archery, futsal, basketball 1 each) were contested: 5 by men and 4 by women. There were around 200 K-pop singers and celebrities who participated, divided into 19 teams.

Goyang Gymnasium
Goyang Gymnasium (Korean: 고양체육관), also known as Goyang Indoor Stadium or Goyang Sono Arena due to sponsorship reasons, is an indoor sporting arena. It is part of Goyang Sports Complex, located in Goyang, South Korea. The capacity of the arena is 6,216 for basketball matches. Goyang Sono Skygunners of the Korean Basketball League are the tenants. The venue hosted fencing at the 2014 Asian Games.
Brahim Merad
Brahim Merad (Arabic: إبراهيم مراد; born 22 August 1953) is an Algerian politician currently serving as Minister of State in charge of Inspection of State Services and Local Authorities, a position he has held since September 2025. He previously served as the Minister of Interior, Local Authorities and National Planning from 2022 to 2025.

Algerians
Algerians (Arabic: الجزائريون, romanized: al-Jazāʾiriyyūn, pronounced [al‿dʒaˈzaːʔirijˌjuːn]) are the citizens and nationals of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. The majority of the country's population is composed of Arabs who make up 85% of the population, and there is a Berber minority of 15%. The term also applies more broadly to any people who are of Algerian nationality, sharing a common culture and identity, as well as those who natively speak Algerian Arabic or other languages of Algeria.

In addition to the approximately 46 million residents of Algeria, there is a large Algerian diaspora as part of the wider Arab diaspora. Considerable Algerian populations can be found in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom; with smaller notable concentrations in other Arab states as well as non-Arab countries such as the United States, and Canada.
Mike Farnan
Michael Liam Farnan (29 January 1941 – 24 June 2024) was an Irish-born Canadian politician. He was an Ontario New Democratic Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1995, and served as a cabinet minister in the government of Bob Rae.

Ministry of the Solicitor General
The Ministry of the Solicitor General (French: Ministère du Solliciteur général; formerly known as the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services) is the ministry in the Government of Ontario responsible for public security, law enforcement and policing, emergency management, correctional and detention centres/jails and organizations such as the Ontario Provincial Police, Emergency Management Ontario, and the Office of the Fire Marshal.

The minister responsible is Michael Kerzner, Solicitor General of Ontario.
Kantanka Automobile
Kantanka Automobile is a Ghanaian based automotive company that designs, manufactures, assembles and sells luxury cars. It was established in 1994 by entrepreneur and preacher Kwadwo Safo Kantanka. It was incorporated as a limited liability which is into the manufacturing of automotive components and their combination with other parts outsourced from component suppliers to form a complete built unit. In 1998, the first complete built unit (CBU) was manufactured using over 75% of local components, locally manufactured including the engine block. By 2006, the first SUV, the Onantefo, was manufactured.

Kantanka vehicles are assembled in Ghana from knock-down kits supplied by a Chinese firm, possibly Foday via Chongqing Big Science & Technology.

Engine block
In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure that contains the cylinders and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as coolant passages and oil galleries.

The term "cylinder block" is often used interchangeably with "engine block". However, technically, the block of a modern engine (i.e., multiple cylinders integrated with another component) would be classified as a monobloc.
1987 Australian Open – Women's doubles
Four-time defending champions Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver successfully defended their title, defeating Zina Garrison and Lori McNeil in the final, 6–1, 6–0 to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1987 Australian Open.

Zina Garrison
Zina Lynna Garrison (born November 16, 1963) is an American former professional tennis player. Garrison was the runner-up in singles at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships, a three-time major mixed doubles champion, and an Olympic gold and bronze medalist from the women's doubles and singles events, respectively, at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 4, on 20 November 1989.
Saikat Majumdar
Saikat Majumdar is an Indian novelist, critic and academic. A professor of English and Creative Writing at Ashoka University,  
Majumdar is the author of five novels: Silverfish (2007), The Firebird (2015), The Scent of God (2019),  The Middle Finger (2022), and The Remains of the Body (2024). His novels primarily deal with the themes and subjects like religion, memory, sexuality, history and education. He writes on literature and education for the Los Angeles Review of Books, Telegraph, Times Higher Education, The Hindu, Hindustan Times, Outlook, Indian Express and other publications.

American Book Review
American Book Review is a literary journal edited at the University of Houston-Victoria and published by the University of Nebraska Press.  Its mission is to "specialize in reviews of frequently neglected published works of fiction, poetry, and literary and cultural criticism from small, regional, university, ethnic, avant-garde, and women's presses."

Originally published as a bimonthly tabloid journal, ABR announced that beginning with its 43rd volume (Winter 2022) the journal would be redesigned and published as a bound quarterly.

In addition to publishing the journal, American Book Review ran for many years the UHV/ABR Reading Series. It hosted more than a hundred and twenty speakers in Victoria, Texas. The reading series featured "nationally recognized writers on extended visits to the Victoria campus," who read from their most recent works, participated in discussion with UHV faculty and staff, and offered signed editions of their work for purchase.
Asa Singh Mastana
Asa Singh Mastana (22 August 1926– 23 May 1999) was a Punjabi musician and singer best known for lending his voice to the Bollywood movie Dooj Ka Chand and singing jugni and Heer-genre of folk songs, which recount the tales of Heer Ranjha by poet Waris Shah. He became popular in the 1940s, by the mid-1960s, when state-run All India Radio started promoting folk musicians, this made him, along with Surinder Kaur, Pushpa Hans, Madan Bala Sidhu, Prakash Kaur, singers of cult status.

His well-known songs, such as "Balle Ni Panjaab Diye Sher Bachiye", "Doli Charhdeyan Marian Heer Cheekaan" and "Kali Teri Gut", have served as templates for later Punjabi musicians His work also expanded to singing sad songs like "Jadon Meri Arthi Utha Ke Chalan Ge". He was mostly paired with Surinder Kaur sang along with Pushpa Hans, Madan Bala Sidhu and many more versatile female singers of the time singing many old folk songs of Punjab.

In 1985, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India.

Waris Shah
Pir Waris Shah (Punjabi: وارث شاہ  (Shahmukhi); 1722 – 1798) was an 18th-century Punjabi Muslim Sufi poet of the Chishti order, known popularly for his contribution to Punjabi literature.

He is primarily known as the author of the Heer Ranjha love poem. It's about one of the most popular tragic romances of Punjab. Traditionally, this love poem is recited in bhairavi raga and this continues to be done even today.
The Unpaid Bill
The Unpaid Bill is an 1808 genre painting by the British artist J.M.W. Turner. It features a scene where a dentist is reproving his son for his spendthrift ways. The painting was commissioned by the art collector Richard Payne Knight. It was Turner's only entry to the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1808 at Somerset House in London. It was hung nearby David Wilkie's The Card Players and was widely viewed as an attempt by Turner to challenge or upstage the young Wilkie. Critical reception was poor, with suggestions that his move away from his characteristic landscape paintings was a mistake. It was the only work he submitted to the Academy that year, prioritising exhibitions in his own studio in Queen Anne Street in Marylebone and the rival British Institution. Turner produced several genre paintings over the following few years including The Garreteer's Petition (1809) and Harvest Home (1809)

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
Elastinen feat.
Elastinen feat. is a Finnish music program that debuted in March 2016 on MTV3, in which Finnish rapper Elastinen produces a track with the episode's guest artist. An album featuring the songs created during the show was released on 6 May 2016.

Artists such as Robin, Juha Tapio, Hector, Anna Puu and Sami Hedberg appear on the show. Jukka Immonen works as the producer for the songs on the show.

Robin Packalen
Robin Packalen (born 24 August 1998), previously known by his mononym Robin, is a Finnish singer who started as a teen pop artist. During his career, Packalen's certified albums and singles sales have amounted to over 370,000 copies, making him one of the 70 best-selling artists of all-time in Finland.
Larisa Neiland
Larisa Savchenko-Neiland (Ukrainian: Лариса Савченко-Нейланд, Latvian: Larisa Savčenko-Neilande; née Savchenko; also Larisa Neiland; born 21 July 1966) is a tennis coach and former professional player who represented the Soviet Union and Latvia. A former world No. 1 doubles player, Neiland won six Grand Slam titles: two in women's doubles and four in mixed doubles. She also won two singles titles and 63 doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She is listed in fourth place for the most doubles match wins (766) in WTA history, after Lisa Raymond, Rennae Stubbs and Liezel Huber. Neiland has been the coach of Ukrainian tennis player Daria Snigur since 2017.

Daria Snigur
Daria Serhiivna Snigur (Ukrainian: Дарія Сергіївна Снігур; born 27 March 2002) is a Ukrainian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA ranking of world No. 105 in singles, achieved on 14 November 2022. Snigur has won 11 singles titles at tournaments of the ITF Women's Circuit.
Richard North (darts player)
Richard North (born 23 April 1990) is an English professional darts player who competes in World Darts Federation (WDF) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. From 2017 to 2020, he was a holder of the PDC Tour Card. He is a Malta Open Champion.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Homero Cárdenas Guillén
Homero Enrique Cárdenas Guillén (13 March 1966 – allegedly 28 March 2014), also known by his aliases El Majadero and El Orejón, was a Mexican suspected drug lord and alleged leader of the Gulf Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He is the brother of the former Gulf Cartel leaders Antonio, Mario, and Osiel Cárdenas Guillen. During the late 1990s, Homero worked for the Gulf Cartel under the tutelage of his brothers. However, after several years of government crackdowns, the Gulf Cartel suffered severe drawbacks, including the death and arrests of Homero's brothers and allies. In August 2013, Homero became the de facto leader of the Gulf Cartel following the arrest of Mario Ramírez Treviño. However, he reportedly died of a heart attack on 28 March 2014.

Drug lord
A drug lord, drug baron, kingpin, or lord of drugs is a type of crime boss in charge of a drug trafficking network, organization, or enterprise. When a group of independent drug lords collude with each other, in order to improve their profits and dominate the illegal drug trade, they form an organization called a drug cartel.
Emily Segal
Emily Segal is an American artist, writer, and creative director, born in 1988. She is a founding member of the art collective K-HOLE, a trend forecasting group. She has lectured on branding and consumer culture at the DLD conference, MoMA PS1, the Serpentine Gallery, and TEDxVaduz and writing has been featured in e-flux, Frieze, Texte zur Kunst, Flash Art, Dazed, Mousse, and 032c. Her first novel, Mercury Retrograde, was published in 2020.

Serpentine Galleries
The Serpentine Galleries are two contemporary art galleries in Kensington Gardens, Westminster, Greater London. Recently rebranded to just Serpentine, the organisation is split across Serpentine South (previously known as the Serpentine Gallery) and Serpentine North (previously known as the Sackler Gallery).

The gallery spaces are within five minutes' walk of each other, linked by the bridge over the Serpentine Lake from which the galleries get their names. Their exhibitions, architecture, education and public programmes attract up to 1.2 million visitors a year. Admission to both galleries is free. The CEO is Bettina Korek, and the artistic director Hans Ulrich Obrist.
Danewal, Punjab
Danewal is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Shahkot, 21 kilometres (13 mi) from Nakodar, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 171 kilometres (106 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Luther Brandon
Luke Brandon (February 1, 1925 – February 15, 2012) was an American guitarist from Roane County, Tennessee. He played on several major records throughout his career as a guitarist. Noted artists that feature Brandon's guitar work are the Everly Brothers, Bobby Bare, Fats Domino, Frankie Avalon, and Sgt. Barry Sadler. Perhaps his career peak was a stint in Ohio at Fraternity Records fronting the house band known as "Luther Brandon and His All-American Boys Orchestra". He returned to East Tennessee where he worked at Ciderville Music in Powell and gigging locally.

Brandon died on February 15, 2012, at the age of 87.

House band
A house band is a group of musicians, often centrally organized by a band leader, who regularly play at an establishment.
It is widely used to refer both to the bands who work on entertainment programs on television or radio, and to bands which are the regular performers at a nightclub, especially jazz and R&B clubs. The term can also refer to a group that plays sessions for a specific recording studio. House bands on television shows usually play only cover songs instead of originals, and they play during times that commercials would be seen by the home viewing audience. Therefore, only those present in the studio during the show's taping see their full performances.