hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Backstepping
In control theory, backstepping is a technique developed circa 1990 by Petar V. Kokotovic, and others  for designing stabilizing controls for a special class of nonlinear dynamical systems. These systems are built from subsystems that radiate out from an irreducible subsystem that can be stabilized using some other method. Because of this recursive structure, the designer can start the design process at the known-stable system and "back out" new controllers that progressively stabilize each outer subsystem. The process terminates when the final external control is reached. Hence, this process is known as backstepping.

Origin (mathematics)
In mathematics, the origin of a Euclidean space is a special point, usually denoted by the letter O, used as a fixed point of reference for the geometry of the surrounding space.

In physical problems, the choice of origin is often arbitrary, meaning any choice of origin will ultimately give the same answer. This allows one to pick an origin point that makes the mathematics as simple as possible, often by taking advantage of some kind of geometric symmetry.
2005–06 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The 2005–06 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team (variously "Alabama", "UA", "Bama" or "The Tide") represented the University of Alabama in the 2005–06 college basketball season. The head coach was Mark Gottfried, who was in his eight season at Alabama. The team played its home games at Coleman Coliseum in Tuscaloosa, Alabama and was a member of the Southeastern Conference. This was the 93rd season of basketball in the school's history. The Crimson Tide finished the season 18–13, 10–6 in SEC play, lost in the second round of the 2006 SEC men's basketball tournament. They were invited to the NCAA tournament and lost in the round of 32.

2006 SEC men's basketball tournament
The 2006 SEC men's basketball tournament took place from March 9–12, 2006 in Nashville, Tennessee at the Gaylord Entertainment Center. The SEC Championship Game was televised by CBS.

The top two teams in both the Eastern and Western Divisions received byes in the first round, which were Tennessee, Alabama, LSU, and Florida and played their second round games on March 10, 2006. The SEC Tournament winner (Florida) received the SEC's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament en route to winning the 2006 NCAA National Championship.
Why Are You So Noisy?
"Why Are You So Noisy?" (Korean: 왜 이리 시끄러운 것이냐) is the debut single of South Korean rapper Mushvenom. It was self-released on September 5, 2019. It was later nominated for Best Rap Song at the Korean Music Awards.

During the 1-on-1 crew battle of Show Me the Money 8, Mushvenom performed the hook of "Why Are You So Noisy?" His performance attracted a lot of attention from rappers and hip hop fans. On a simple keyboard loop, Mushvenom raps "clever" lyrics like those of a pansori singer with a flow based on the Chungcheong dialect.

Chungcheong dialect
The Chungcheong dialects of the Korean language are spoken in the Chungcheong (Hoseo) region of South Korea, including the metropolitan city of Daejeon. It may also include several areas in Gyeonggi Province, most notably Pyeongtaek, that are adjacent to Chungcheong Province. Chungcheong dialect can be divided into two categories: the Northern Chungcheong dialect, notable for its similarity to the Gyeonggi dialect, and the Southern dialect, which is similar to the Jeolla dialect. This dialect is notable for its slow enunciations, vowel changes, and unique jargon. However, as Seoul expands and standard language supremacy spreads, young people in Chungcheong Province, including Daejeon and Sejong, do not use original dialect, or use very little of it. Most young people use standard language and dialect alternately, and in cities located just below the Seoul metropolitan area (Sudogwon), like Cheonan, dialect is on the verge of extinction.
Sinister Street (TV series)
Sinister Street  is a British television series that originally aired on the BBC in six episodes between 10 May and 14 June 1969. It is based on the 1913 novel of the same title by Compton Mackenzie.

The cast included Jo Kendall, Kate Lansbury, David Collings, Jeanne Moody, Michael Osborne, Valerie Gearon, Joan Hickson, Elaine Taylor, Angela Baddeley, Arthur Hewlett and Jo Rowbottom.

Being the sole televised adaptation produced, all six episodes were wiped and are believed to be lost.

Elaine Taylor (actress)
Elaine Regina Taylor Plummer (née Taylor; born 17 October 1943) is an English former actress, best known as a leading lady in comedy films of the late 1960s and early 1970s. She is the widow of Canadian actor Christopher Plummer, to whom she was married for 50 years.
Hrádek (Znojmo District)
Hrádek is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

Hrádek lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Znojmo, 54 km (34 mi) south-west of Brno, and 199 km (124 mi) south-east of Prague.

Znojmo
Znojmo (Czech pronunciation: [ˈznojmo] ⓘ; German: Znaim) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants. Znojmo is the historical and cultural centre of southwestern Moravia and the second most populated town in the South Moravian Region. The town with its surroundings is known for its production of cucumbers, the tradition of which began in 1571. The historic centre of Znojmo is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
2024 Liverpool City Council (Australia) election
The 2024 Liverpool City Council election was held on 14 September 2024 to elect a mayor and twelve councillors to the Liverpool City Council. The election was held as part of the statewide local government elections in New South Wales.

Incumbent mayor Ned Mannoun was re-elected against nine candidates. The Liberal Party and Labor Party both won four ward seats, while Our Local Community and the Liverpool Community Independents Team also won a single seat each.

Our Local Community
Our Local Community (OLC) is an Australian political party that competes in local elections in New South Wales. The party was formed in 2013 by former Parramatta mayor Paul Garrard, and is currently registered with the New South Wales Electoral Commission (NSWEC).

Unlike many other local government political parties in Australia, OLC competes in and has members on several different councils.

As of July 2024, there are four OLC councillors on Parramatta City Council, three on Cumberland City Council and two on Canada Bay City Council.
Nike (horse)
Nike (often stylised Niké; foaled 1794) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. She won three of her five starts, including the Oaks Stakes in 1797. She was owned by Richard Grosvenor, 1st Earl Grosvenor, and later became a broodmare, with three of her foals placing in Classic races.

British Classic Races
The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses, and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own age group. As such, victory in any classic marks a horse as amongst the very best of a generation. Victory in two or even three of the series (a rare feat known as the Triple Crown) marks a horse as truly exceptional.
Ken Smale
Ken Smale (born 5 November 1933) is a former Australian rules footballer, who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Born in Warrnacknabeal Smale played as a forward for the town team and he won the Wimmera Football League goalkicking award in 1952 and 1953. Footscray were very interested in Smale in 1953, but he was keen to have a go in the VFL he wrote to Collingwood asking for a try out. He spent the Easter Saturday in Melbourne with a six-game permit in case he was wanted. Collingwood was impressed and he finally got a clearance from Warracknabeal Football Club.

Ken Smale was a forward player in the losing Grand Finals against Melbourne in 1955 and 1956 but he was on the bench when Collingwood won the 1958 VFL Grand Final.

Smale left Collingwood after the premiership win to return to his hometown of Warracknabeal, finishing with 324 games for the club, and winning two premierships in 1953 and 1966.

In 2008 Collingwood granted him a life membership.

Wimmera Football League
The Wimmera Football League is a major Australian rules country league based in Western Victoria, with clubs located in towns in the Wimmera region: the regional centres along the Western Highway from Ararat to Nhill as well as Minyip-Murtoa and Warracknabeal.
2012 Campeonato Capixaba
The 2012 Campeonato Capixaba was the 96th season of Espírito Santo's top professional football league. The competition began on January 21 and ended on May 5. Aracruz won the championship for the first time, while Colatina and Serra were relegated.

Serra Futebol Clube
Serra Futebol Clube is a Brazilian football club based in Serra, Espírito Santo. It competes in the Campeonato Capixaba, the Espírito Santo premier state football league. Hosts your home games at the Estádio Municipal Roberto Siqueira Costa. Its colors are red, white and black.
Dungarvan Town Council
Dungarvan Town Council, previously known as Dungarvan Urban District Council, was responsible for administration and some public services in Dungarvan, County Waterford. Records date the establishment of town commissioners in Dungarvan to 1855, being replaced by an urban district council in 1899. Later becoming a town council, the local administrative body was abolished in 2014 as part of reforms under the Local Government Reform Act 2014.

County Waterford
County Waterford (Irish: Contae Phort Láirge) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Waterford. Waterford City and County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county at large, including the city, was 127,363 according to the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of the Déise. There is an Irish-speaking area, Gaeltacht na nDéise, in the southwest of the county.
Indas railway station
Indas railway station is a railway station of Bankura–Masagram line under the Adra railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Indas-Sahaspur Road at Indas in Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
Anbarkeh
Anbarkeh (Persian: عنبركه, also Romanized as ‘Anbarkeh) is a village in Belharat Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 331, in 92 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Act East policy
The Act East policy is an effort by the Government of India to cultivate extensive economic and strategic relations with the nations of Southeast Asia to bolster its standing as a regional power and a counterweight to the strategic influence of the People's Republic of China.

Initiated in 1991 as the Look East policy during the government of Prime Minister Narsimha Rao (1991–1996), it marked a strategic shift in India’s perspective of the world. It was rigorously pursued by the successive administrations of Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1998–2004) and Manmohan Singh (2004–2014).

In 2014, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi's administration announced the action-oriented, project- and outcome-based Act East Policy as a successor to the Look East Policy, emphasizing a more proactive role for India.

Regional power
A regional power is a sovereign state that exercises significant power in international relations within its geographical region. States that wield unrivaled power and influence within a region of the world possess regional hegemony. The term 'regional power' has been used since the late 20th century.
Giselbert
Giselbert is the name of:

Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine (c. 890 – 939), also known as Giselbert

Giselbert I of Roussillon (d. 1013 or 1014)

Giselbert II of Roussillon (d. 1102)

Giselbert, Count of Clermont (d. after 1097)

Giselbert van Loon (d. c.1045)

Giselbert of Luxembourg (c. 1007 – 14 August 1059)

Gilbert, Duke of Burgundy (d. 8 April 956), also known as Giselbert

Giselbert I of Bergamo (d. c.927/929)

Giselbert II, Count of Duras (d. before 1138)

Giselbert II of Bergamo (d. between 993 - 1010)

Gilbert of Roucy (d. c.1000), also known as Giselbert

Gilbert, Duke of Burgundy
Gilbert (or Giselbert) of Chalon (died 8 April 956) was count of Chalon, Autun, Troyes, Avallon and Dijon, and duke of Burgundy between 952 and 956. He became the ruler of the Duchy of Burgundy de facto (he was not Duke de jure). By his wife Ermengarde, he had two daughters: Adelais and Liutgarde. Gilbert never managed to maintain the independence of the duchy in the struggles for power of 10th-century France. In 952, he became a vassal of Hugh the Great, count of Paris, and married his oldest daughter, Liutgard, to Hugh's son Otto of Paris. Adelais married Robert of Vermandois.
Anāl language
Anāl, also known as Namfau after the two principal villages it is spoken in, is a Kuki-Chin language, belonging to the Northwestern or "Old Kuki" subfamily,
spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma.  It had 13,900 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 50 in Burma in 2010. The speakers of this language use the Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.

The Department of Language Planning and Implementation of the Government of Manipur offers a sum of ₹5,000 (equivalent to ₹8,500 or US$100 in 2023), to every individual who learns Anal language, under certain terms and conditions.

Anal is also written in the Latin script, with a literacy rate of about 74%.

Langet may be a dialect, though its position within Kukish is uncertain (Shafer 1955:106).

Government of Manipur
The Government of Manipur (Meitei: Manipur Leingak; /mə.ni.pur lə́i.ŋak/), also known as the State Government of Manipur, or locally as State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Manipur and its 16 districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Manipur, a judiciary and a legislative branch (Manipur Legislative Assembly).

Like other states in India, the head of state of Manipur is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government. The post of governor is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Imphal is the capital of Manipur, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the secretariat. The high court of manipur exercises the jurisdiction and powers in respect of cases arising in the State.
2024 Australian Open – Wheelchair women's doubles
Three-time defending champion Diede de Groot and her partner Jiske Griffioen defeated Yui Kamiji and Kgothatso Montjane in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–2) to win the women's doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2024 Australian Open.

De Groot and Aniek van Koot were the three-time defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Van Koot partnered Lizzy de Greef, but lost to de Groot and Griffioen in the quarterfinals.

Kgothatso Montjane
Kgothatso Montjane (born 3 June 1986) is a South African wheelchair tennis player. In 2024, she became the first black South African woman to win at Wimbledon when she won the wheelchair women's doubles.
The Amanuensis
The Amanuensis is the second studio album by British progressive metal band Monuments. It was released on 23 June 2014 through Century Media Records. The album takes its title from the novel Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell, while according to guitarist John Browne, the album's lyrics refer to the Samsara Cycle: "The cyclical existence of life that we are all bound to. Chris has written an entire story around the lyrics. Maybe that will see the light one day! It's the story of Samsara." It is the band's first album with vocalist Chris Barretto.

David Mitchell (author)
David Stephen Mitchell (born 12 January 1969) is an English novelist, screenwriter, and translator.

He has written nine novels, two of which, number9dream (2001) and Cloud Atlas (2004), were shortlisted for the Booker Prize. He has also written articles for several newspapers, most notably for The Guardian. He has translated books about autism from Japanese to English.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2013.
Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 304
Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 304 was operated by a Vickers Viscount 700 aircraft owned by Trans-Canada Air Lines. On July 9, 1956, the No. 4 propeller of the aircraft tore loose from its engine over Flat Rock, Michigan in the United States, during a flight from Chicago, Illinois, to Toronto, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec; one blade of the propeller sliced through the passenger section of the cabin, killing one passenger and injuring four passengers and one flight attendant. The aircraft diverted to Windsor, Ontario, in Canada, and the pilots carried out an emergency landing. The accident was the first to involve a Vickers Viscount aircraft in scheduled service, and was the first instance of a propeller loss on a turbo-prop aircraft.

Trans-Canada Air Lines
Trans-Canada Air Lines (also known as TCA in English, and Trans-Canada in French) was a Canadian airline that operated as the country's flag carrier, with corporate headquarters in Montreal, Quebec. Its first president was Gordon Roy McGregor. Founded in 1937, it was renamed Air Canada in 1965.
1927–28 Divisione Nazionale
The 1927-28 Divisione Nazionale was the twenty-eighth edition of the Italian Football Championship. This was the second of three seasons of the Italian Football Championship re-branded to Divisione Nazionale. It was also the fifth season from which the Italian Football Champions' adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. The 1927–28 Divisione Nazionale season was the first Italian Football Championship won by Torino.

Scudetto
The scudetto (Italian: [skuˈdetto]; Italian for 'little shield') is a decoration having the colors of the flag of Italy which is sewn onto the jersey of the Italian sports clubs that won the highest level championship of their respective sport in the previous season. The scudetto was created in the 1920s to honour the winner of the national association football league (in 1929 rebranded as Serie A) and the first team to wear it was Genoa in 1924. Later, it was adopted by the teams of other sports.

The word scudetto is also used to indicate the Serie A trophy; "winning the scudetto" is a synonym of "winning Serie A".
Omagh (District Electoral Area)
Omagh is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Fermanagh and Omagh, Northern Ireland. The district elects six members to Fermanagh and Omagh District Council and contains the wards of Camowen, Coolnagard, Dergmoney, Gortrush, Killyclogher and Strule. Omagh forms part of the West Tyrone constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Omagh Area C which had existed since 1973. It was called Omagh Town until 2014, and originally contained seven wards (Camowen, Coolnagard, Dergmoney, Drumragh, Gortrush, Lisanelly and Strule). For the 2014 local elections it was reduced to six wards.

Fermanagh and Omagh District Council
Fermanagh and Omagh District Council (Irish: Comhairle Ceantair Fhear Manach agus na hÓmaí; Ulster-Scots: Districk Cooncil o Fermanagh an Omey) is a local authority in Northern Ireland and was established on 1 April 2015. It replaced Fermanagh District Council and Omagh District Council and covers most of the southwest of Northern Ireland. Its first election was on 22 May 2014, and it acted as a shadow authority prior to the creation of the Fermanagh and Omagh district in April 2015.
Moss Station
Moss Station (Norwegian: Moss stasjon) is a railway station located in downtown Moss in Østfold, Norway.
The station is located on the Østfold Line and serves as terminal station for Line 550 of the Oslo Commuter Rail service to Oslo Central Station and onwards to Spikkestad as well as a stop of the regional services to Halden. All services are operated by Vy.

Spikkestad Station
Spikkestad Station (Norwegian: Spikkestad stasjon) is a railway station located at Spikkestad in Røyken, Norway, and is the terminus of the Spikkestad Line. It was opened as part of the Drammen Line on 3 February 1885, but in 1973 the new Lieråsen Tunnel opened through Lieråsen, and the old part of the Drammen Line became a commuter train line with Spikkestad, which is today primarily a residential town, as its western terminus.

The station is served by a half-hourly service of commuter trains running to Asker, Sandvika, and Oslo Central Station (journey time: 52 minutes) and then on to Lillestrøm.

The old station building, which was originally built to serve Høvik and was moved from there in 1922, today stands a hundred metres or so distant from the end of the line, following redevelopment of the station area in 2012-16 and the construction of new platforms.
Mercedes-Benz Vision EQ Silver Arrow
The Mercedes-Benz Vision EQ Silver Arrow is an electric concept car produced by German manufacturer Mercedes-Benz, in collaboration Daimler AG, and revealed at the 2018 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance, announcing the arrival of the manufacturers EQ electric vehicle range. It uses retro styling, and pays homage to the Mercedes-Benz W125 Rekordwagen.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
Daung
Daung (Burmese: ဒေါင်း; lit. 'Peafowl', born Thura Aung; 30 March 1990) is a Burmese film and television actor and former footballer. He first gained widespread fame in Myanmar through his role in the 2019 film The Only Mom. Daung is known for his method acting performances, in contrast to the more typical melodramatic forms of acting popular in Burmese cinema.

Paing Phyo Thu
Paing Phyo Thu (Burmese: ပိုင်ဖြိုးသု;  born 5 April 1990) is a Myanmar Academy Award winning Burmese film actress and a medical doctor. She won the Myanmar Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2017 Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards with the film, 3Girls. Paing Phyo Thu is considered one of the promising and prominent actresses in Myanmar. She is known for her performances in Mi (2018), Now & Ever (2019) and What Happened to the Wolf? (2021).