hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cohn process
The Cohn process, developed by Edwin J. Cohn, is a series of purification steps with the purpose of extracting albumin from blood plasma. The process is based on the differential solubility of albumin and other plasma proteins based on pH, ethanol concentration, temperature, ionic strength, and protein concentration. Albumin has the highest solubility and lowest isoelectric point of all the major plasma proteins. This makes it the final product to be precipitated, or separated from its solution in a solid form. Albumin was an excellent substitute for human plasma in World War Two. When administered to wounded soldiers or other patients with blood loss, it helped expand the volume of blood and led to speedier recovery. Cohn's method was gentle enough that isolated albumin protein retained its biological activity.

Edwin Joseph Cohn
Edwin Joseph Cohn (December 17, 1892 – October 1, 1953) was a protein scientist. A graduate of Phillips Academy, Andover [1911], and the University of Chicago [1914, PhD 1917], he made important advances in the physical chemistry of proteins, and was responsible for the blood fractionation project that saved thousands of lives in World War II.
Iris Schmidbauer
Iris Schmidbauer (born 11 April 1995) is a German high diver. She represented Germany at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary and at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. In 2019, she finished in 8th place and in 2017, she finished in 10th place.

In 2019, she finished in 8th place in the 2019 Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series.

High diving
High diving is the act of diving into water from relatively great heights. High diving can be performed as an adventure sport (as with cliff diving), as a performance stunt (as with many records attempts), or competitively during sporting events.

It debuted at a FINA event at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, after the sport was added to the federation's list of disciplines. In the world championships, men jump from a 27-metre-high (89 ft) platform while women jump from a 20-metre-high (66 ft) platform. In other official competitions, men generally dive from a height of 22–27 metres (72–89 ft) while women dive from a height of 18–23 metres (59–75 ft). The sport is unique in that athletes are often unable to practice in an authentic environment until the days leading up to a competition. High divers have achieved speeds of descent of 96 kilometres per hour (60 mph).
Adelly Santos
Adelly Oliveira Santos (born 8 July 1987 in Londrina) is a Brazilian athlete specialising in the 100 metres hurdles. She represented her country at the 2015 World Championships without advancing from the heats.

Her personal best in the event is 13.06 seconds set in São Bernardo do Campo in 2015.

Londrina
Londrina (Portuguese pronunciation: [lõˈdɾĩnɐ], literally "from London") is a city located in the north of the state of Paraná, South Region, Brazil, and is 388 km (241 miles) away from the state capital, Curitiba. It is the second largest city in the state and fourth largest in the southern region of the country, with 555,965 inhabitants in the whole municipality (2022).

Londrina was originally explored by British settlers, and then officially established in 1930 by a small group of Italian, Japanese and German settlers. It rapidly became the commercial, political, and cultural centre of the state's northern pioneer zone. Its universities include the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (Londrina State University) and the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Federal University of Technology – Paraná).
François Castaing
François Jean Castaing (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa ʒɑ̃ kastɛ̃]; 18 March 1945 – 26 July 2023) was a French automotive executive with Renault, American Motors, and Chrysler. He was an engineering graduate from École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers in Paris, and worked in Europe for Gordini and Renault before being named vice president for Product Engineering and Development at American Motors Corporation (AMC).

Gordini
Gordini (French pronunciation: [ɡɔʁdini]) is a division of Renault Sport Technologies (Renault Sport). In the past, it was a sports car manufacturer and performance tuner, established in 1946 by Amédée Gordini (1899–1979), nicknamed "Le Sorcier" (The Sorcerer). Gordini became a division of Renault in 1968 and of Renault Sport in 1976.
Hayato Sasaki
Hayato Sasaki (佐々木 勇人, Sasaki Hayato; born November 29, 1982 in Shiogama, Miyagi) is a Japanese football player currently playing for Tochigi SC and currently assistant managers club WE League of MyNavi Sendai.

WE League
The WE League (WEリーグ), officially the Japan Women's Empowerment Professional Football League (Japanese: 日本女子プロサッカーリーグ, Hepburn: Nihon Joshi Puro Sakkā Rīgu; "Japan Women Pro Football League"), also known as the SOMPO WE League (Japanese: SOMPO WEリーグ) for sponsorship reasons, is the top flight of women's association football in Japan, starting from the 2021–22 season. It is the first fully-professional women's football league in Japan.

The current (2024–25) title holders are Tokyo Verdy Beleza.
Einar Stang
Einar Stang (18 May 1898 – 5 June 1984) was a Norwegian painter and illustrator. He was born Arendal, educated at the Norges landbrukshøgskole, emigrated to Argentina in 1922, was in Canada and the United Kingdom during the Second World War, then back in Argentina until 1958, when he returned to Norway. During the Second World War Stang served with the exiled Royal Norwegian Air Force in Toronto and London, at the No. 132 Wing RAF. From 1958 he worked as freelance illustrator for various Norwegian newspapers. In his column "Sett og hørt på byen" for Verdens Gang he found motives from the city of Oslo. He was reporter for Dagbladet at Cuba, in the aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, and sports illustrator for Aftenposten. He is represented at the National Gallery of Norway. He died in Oslo in 1984.

Aftenposten
Aftenposten (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈɑ̂ftn̩ˌpɔstn̩]; transl. "The Evening Post"; stylized as Aftenpoſten in the masthead) is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation as well as Norway's newspaper of record. It is based in Oslo. It sold 211,769 daily copies in 2015 (172,029 printed copies according to University of Bergen) and estimated 1.2 million readers. It converted from broadsheet to compact format in March 2005. Aftenposten's online edition is at Aftenposten.no.

Aftenposten is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA. Norway's second largest newspaper, VG, is also owned by Schibsted. Norwegian owners held a 42% of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015.

The paper has around 240 employees. Trine Eilertsen was appointed editor-in-chief in 2020.

Aftenposten has correspondents based in Kyiv, Brussels, Washington D.C, Moscow and Istanbul (2025).
2023 SANFL Grand Final
The 2023 South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Grand Final was an Australian rules football match played at Adelaide Oval on Sunday, 24 September 2023. It was the 135th SANFL grand final, staged to determine the premiers for the 2023 SANFL season. The match was contested by Glenelg and Sturt, and the Glenelg Tigers won by 24 points to win their sixth premiership.

It was the fourth meeting between the Glenelg Tigers and the Sturt Double Blues, who last met in the 1974 Grand Final at Football Park with a victory to Sturt, but it would ultimately be the Tigers' first-ever premiership over the Double Blues and their second premiership in the last five years.

The Jack Oatey Medal was awarded to Lachlan Hosie for his incredible six-goal performance, and he was additionally awarded the Ken Farmer Medal for being the leading goalkicker in the home-and-away rounds.

Grand final
Primarily in Australian sports, a grand final is a game that decides a sports league's premiership (or championship) winning team, i.e. the conclusive game of a finals (or play-off) series. Synonymous with a championship game in North American sports, grand finals have become a significant part of Australian culture.  The earliest leagues to feature a grand final were in Australian rules football, followed soon after by rugby league. Currently the largest grand finals are in the Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL). Their popularity influenced other competitions such as soccer's  A-League Men and A-League Women, the National Basketball League, Super Netball and European rugby league's Super League to adopt grand finals as well. Most grand finals involve a prestigious award for the player voted best on field.
José Chatruc
Jose Chatruc (born 9 November 1976) is an Argentine football midfielder.  He is of Ukrainian descent.

Chatruc made his league debut on 11 March 1996 for Platense in a 1–0 defeat to Lanús. In 1999, he joined Racing Club where he has played over 100 games in his two spells with the club. He was part of the championship winning team in Apertura 2001.

Chatruc has played outside Argentina for Grasshoppers of Switzerland and Barcelona Sporting Club of Ecuador. He has also played for a number of other clubs in Argentina including San Lorenzo, Estudiantes, Quilmes and Banfield. In 2007, he rejoined Racing for a second stint with the club.

In 2009, he joined Tiro Federal of the Argentine 2nd division.

Primera Nacional
Primera Nacional, (usually called simply Nacional B, (English "National B Division"), and known as Primera B Nacional until the 2019–20 season) popularly known as La B (The B), is the second division of the Argentine football league system. The competition is made up of 38 teams.

It is played by teams from all over the country. Clubs from Buenos Aires surroundings, as well as some from Santa Fe Province, are promoted from or relegated to the Primera B Metropolitana ("Metropolitan B Division") while for teams from the other provinces the Torneo Federal A ("Federal A Tournament") is the next level down. In Argentine football, Primera Nacional is the second-highest league, and from it, the three best teams are automatically promoted to Primera División.

Primera B Nacional games are often transmitted to Argentina and abroad on television by TyC Sports.
Scottish Rally Championship
The Scottish Rally Championship is a rallying series run throughout Scotland over the course of a year, that comprises both gravel and closed surface rallies.

Points are awarded to the top placed drivers and the driver scoring the highest number of points over the season is declared Champion. The championship has always been a breeding ground for many World Rally Championship drivers, including Colin & Alister McRae, Robbie Head and Barry Clark.

Notable previous champions have included Mitsubishi Ralliart founder Andrew Cowan, who won the championship in 1976 in a Colt Lancer, and former World Rally Champion, Colin McRae who performed a giant killing act when he took the series crown in 1988 in his humble Vauxhall Nova.

Mitsubishi Lancer
The Mitsubishi Lancer is an automobile that was produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors from 1973 until 2024.

The Lancer has been marketed as the Colt Lancer, Dodge Colt, Plymouth Colt, Chrysler Valiant Lancer, Chrysler Lancer, Eagle Summit, Hindustan Lancer, Soueast Lioncel, and Mitsubishi Mirage in various countries at different times, and has been sold as the Mitsubishi Galant Fortis in Japan since 2007. It has also been sold as Mitsubishi Lancer Fortis in Taiwan with a different facelift than the Galant Fortis. In Japan, it was sold at a specific retail chain called Car Plaza.

Between its introduction in 1973 and 2008, over six million units were sold. There have been ten generations of Lancers.

Mitsubishi ended production of the Lancer in August 2017 worldwide, with the exception of Taiwan. An extensive facelift was given to the car by Pininfarina's Chinese offices. Production in Taiwan ended in 2024, marking the end of the Lancer nameplate after 51 years.
European Breeders' Fund Novices' Handicap Hurdle Final
The European Breeders Fund Novices' Handicap Hurdle Final is a Premier Handicap National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged between four and seven. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of about 2 miles and 4 furlongs (2 miles, 3 furlongs and 173 yards, or 3,980 metres), and during its running there are nine hurdles to be jumped. It is a handicap race for novices, and it is scheduled to take place each year in March. It is currently sponsored by Betfair.  The race was first run in 1998.

The race is restricted to horses which have placed in the first four in a qualifying race during the current season. In 2022–23 there were 36 scheduled qualifiers between October and February. The race held Grade 3 status until 2022 and was reclassified as a Premier Handicap from the 2023 running when Grade 3 status was renamed by the British Horseracing Authority.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Eastport, Michigan
Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Antrim County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population of the CDP was 206 at the 2020 census. It is located in Torch Lake Township, and lies on an isthmus between Torch Lake and Grand Traverse Bay.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Gašper Marguč
Gašper Marguč (born 20 August 1990) is a Slovenian handball player who plays for Veszprém and the Slovenia national team.

He represented Slovenia first at the 2012 European Championship, then at the 2013 World Championship and also at the 2016 European Championship.

Veszprém KC
Veszprém KC is a Hungarian professional handball club from Veszprém, that for sponsorship reasons is called ONE Veszprém. Veszprém plays in the Hungarian Nemzeti Bajnokság I and are the most successful team in the country, having won the Hungarian Championship a record 28 times and the Hungarian Cup title a record 31 times. Veszprém has also won the regional SEHA League 5 times.

Veszprém are one of the three Hungarian clubs that have won a major European trophy, most recently in 2008, when they overcame Rhein-Neckar Löwen and were crowned as the EHF Cup Winner's Cup champions. They are yet to win the EHF Champions League, having been defeated in the final on four occasions.

The main sponsors of the club were the MKB Bank, MVM Group and the Magyar Telekom. In the summer of 2015, the MKB Bank decided to quit sponsoring after a 10-year interval. Their main focus is now on the younger teams. Currently the main sponsor is One Hungary.
Chengdu Open
The Chengdu Open is a men's ATP Tour 250 series tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was a new tournament added to the 2016 ATP World Tour and replaces the ATP Malaysian Open event held in Kuala Lumpur. It takes place at the Sichuan International Tennis Center in Chengdu, China.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Château de Montbrun (Lot)
The Château de Montbrun is a ruined castle in the commune of Montbrun in the Lot département of France.

The castle dates from the 12th, 13th and 17th centuries. Its existence as an important fortified site is documented in the 13th century. The castle was built in a position overlooking a meander in the Lot river. All that remains today are the keep and two enceintes, the first still having a round tower and various defensive architectural features. Between the two are a number of terraces which have been laid out as gardens.

The site is privately owned and is not open to the public. It has been listed since 1984 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Veronica Mars season 4
The fourth and final season of Veronica Mars, an American drama television series created by Rob Thomas, consists of eight episodes that were all released on Hulu on July 19, 2019. It serves as a continuation of the 2004–07 television series as well as the 2014 film. Kristen Bell reprises her role as the title character, and it features the return of several characters from the original series as well as the introduction of new ones.

Rob Thomas (writer)
Robert James Thomas (born August 15, 1965) is an American author, producer, director and screenwriter. He created the television series Veronica Mars (2004–2007, 2019), co-developed 90210 (2008–2013), and co-created Party Down (2009–2010, 2023) and iZombie (2015–2019).
Sam (horse)
Sam (1815 – after 1827) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from April 1818 to May 1819 he ran nine times and won three races. In May 1818 he defeated fifteen opponents to record his most important win in The Derby. His only other wins came in a walkover and a match race. After running without success as a four-year-old, Sam was retired to stud but made no impact as a sire of winners.

Stud farm
A stud farm or stud in animal husbandry is an establishment for selective breeding of livestock. The word "stud" comes from the Old English stod meaning "herd of horses, place where horses are kept for breeding". Historically, documentation of the breedings that occur on a stud farm leads to the development of a stud book.  Male animals made available for breeding to outside female animals are said to be "standing at stud", or at "stud service".

The word stud is often restricted to larger domesticated (especially farm) animals, such as cattle and horses.  A specialized vocabulary exists for the studs of other animals, such as kennel (dog), cattery (cat) and aviary (birds).
Lynda Raymonde
Lynda Raymonde (real name Floriane Linda Nyebe Andella), was born on May 10, 1981, in Yaoundé, and is a Cameroonian Bikutsi singer from Lekié in the Centre region of Cameroon. She began her professional career in 2003, but became known on the national and international music scene in 2011 with her debut album Symbiose.

Lekié
Lekié is a department of Centre Region in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 2,989 km2 and as of 2001 had a total population of 354,864. The capital of the department lies at Monatélé.

It is named after the Lekié River.
Kilwa, Tanga
Kilwa is an administrative ward in Kilindi District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 153 km2 (59 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 858 m (2,815 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 6,835.

Tanga Region
Tanga Region (Swahili: Mkoa wa Tanga) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 26,667 km2 (10,296 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Burundi. The regional capital is the municipality of Tanga city. Located in northeast Tanzania, the region is bordered by Kenya and Kilimanjaro Region to the north; Manyara Region to the west; and Morogoro and Pwani Regions to the south. It has a coastline to the east with the Indian Ocean. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,615,597.
Ingo Spelly
Ingo Spelly (born 6 November 1966 in Lübben, Brandenburg) is an East German-German canoe sprinter who competed from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won three medals with one gold (C-2 1000 m: 1992) and two silvers (C-2 500 m: 1992, C-2 1000 m: 1988).

Spelly also won seven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (C-2 1000 m: 1990, 1991), two silvers (C-2 500 m: 1990, C-4 1000 m: 1991), and three bronzes (C-2 500 m: 1986, C-2 1000 m: 1987, 1993).

1990 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1990 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Poznań, Poland, on Lake Malta.

The men's competition consisted of eight Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Five events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 23rd championships in the canoe sprint.
Fort Buchanan, Arizona
Fort Buchanan was a US Army post founded in 1856 three miles southwest of present-day Sonoita in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, on the east slope of what is now called Hog Canyon. At the time, the area was under constant threat from hostile Apaches. Full-scale war with the local Chiricahua Apache was initiated by the Bascom affair in early 1861, during which Lieutenant George Nicholas Bascom and his patrol were based at Fort Buchanan.

The post was officially abandoned in 1861, though troops of the California Column occasionally manned the post during the American Civil War. In February 1865, Apaches attacked and burned the fort in the Battle of Fort Buchanan, forcing the small garrison to retreat. It was then abandoned for good, and Fort Crittenden was established half a mile east on the flats in 1867.

After having been lost for years, the ruins of the fort were rediscovered in 1929 by Harry J. Karns, mayor of Nogales, Arizona, and Arizona Superior Court Judge W. A. O'Connor.

California Column
The California Column was a force of Union volunteers sent to Arizona and New Mexico during the American Civil War. The command marched over 900 miles (1,400 km) from California through Arizona and New Mexico Territory to the Rio Grande and as far east as El Paso, Texas, between April and August 1862.