hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles ffoulkes
Charles John ffoulkes (1868–1947) was a British historian, and curator of the Royal Armouries at London. He was a younger son of the Reverend Edmund ffoulkes. He wrote extensively on medieval arms and armour.

He was selected as the Curator of the Armouries by his predecessor, Harold Arthur Lee-Dillon, and assumed the office on 1 January 1913.

He served in the First World War in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve.  He was in command of a pom-pom gun on the roof of Gresham College in London when it was called into action against German Zeppelin bomber L13/LZ 45 on 8 September 1915.

He played an important role in the British Arts and Crafts movement, and was an acquaintance of William Morris.

He was subsequently first curator and secretary of the newly formed Imperial War Museum in London. In the 1925 Birthday Honours ffoulkes was awarded an OBE.

His wife Maude Mary Chester ffoulkes (née Craven) (1871–1949) was a ghostwriter.

Gresham College
Gresham College is an institution of higher learning located at Barnard's Inn Hall off Holborn in Central London, England that does not accept students or award degrees. It was founded in 1597 under the will of Sir Thomas Gresham, and hosts over 140 free public lectures every year. Since 2001, all lectures have been made available online. As of 2025, the Acting Provost is Professor Sarah Hart.
St Clere's School
St Clere's School (formerly St Clere's School and Language College) is a coeducational co-operative secondary school with academy status located on the outskirts of Stanford Le Hope, Thurrock, Essex. The school was established in 1978, became an academy in 2011 and since 2013 has also been a specialist science and sports college. It has a "good" Ofsted rating and has a student population of 1342 as of 2021.

The school is involved with the Jack Petchey Award. It is offered to students in the upper years of the school, being years 9 to 11. It is also a sister school with fellow trust school Thames Park Secondary School, with current Headteacher Ashlie Hughes being the executive head at Thames Park.

Sports College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
Sports Colleges were introduced in 1997 as part of the Specialist Schools Programme in the United Kingdom. The programme enabled secondary schools to specialise in certain fields, in this case, PE, sports and dance. Schools that successfully applied to the Specialist Schools Trust and became Sports Colleges received extra funding from this joint private sector and government scheme. Sports Colleges act as a local point of reference for other schools and businesses in the area, with an emphasis on promoting sports within the community.

The Specialist Schools Programme ended in 2011 after the change of government. Despite this, schools can still become Sports Colleges through the Dedicated Schools Grant or academisation.
Energy in Libya
Energy in Libya primarily revolves around the production, consumption, import, and export of energy, with a significant focus on the petroleum industry, which serves as the backbone of the Libyan economy. As of 2021, Libya is recognized as the seventh-largest crude oil producer in OPEC and ranks third in total petroleum liquids production in Africa. The country holds 3% of the world's proven oil reserves and 39% of Africa's, marking it as a key player in the global energy sector. Despite its abundant resources, the energy industry in Libya has faced significant challenges due to political instability following the civil war that began in 2011. These challenges have led to frequent disruptions in oil production and exports, directly impacting the national economy and its contributions to the global oil market. The sector's future is closely tied to the resolution of political conflicts and the effective management of its vast hydrocarbon resources.

Extraction of petroleum
Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can be drawn from beneath the Earth's surface. Reservoirs of petroleum are formed through the mixture of plants, algae, and sediments in shallow seas under high pressure. Petroleum is mostly recovered from oil drilling. Seismic surveys and other methods are used to locate oil reservoirs. Oil rigs and oil platforms are used to drill long holes into the earth to create an oil well and extract petroleum. After extraction, oil is refined to make gasoline and other products such as tires and refrigerators. Extraction of petroleum can be dangerous and has led to oil spills.
Medway School of Science
The Medway School of Science is one of the schools of the University of Greenwich in South East England. The School of Science is based on the university's Medway campus in Chatham Maritime in the county of Kent.  The School of Science has activity in both research and teaching and covers topics such as chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences, earth and environmental sciences, biosciences and sports science.

Medway
Medway is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Kent in South East England. It was formed in 1998 by merging the boroughs of Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham, and is administered by Medway Council, which is independent from Kent County Council. The borough had a population of 278,016 in 2019.  The borough contains the towns of Chatham, Gillingham, Rainham, Rochester and Strood, which are collectively known as the Medway Towns.

Medway is one of the boroughs included in the Thames Gateway development scheme. It is also the home of Universities at Medway, a tri-partite collaboration of the University of Greenwich, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University on a single campus in Chatham, together with the Medway School of Arts.
Wang Hanru
Wang Hanru (Chinese: 王汉儒; April 1938 – 9 June 2019) was a Chinese military officer and politician. A major general of the People's Liberation Army, he served as deputy commander of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and vice chairman of the Xinjiang Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

Ürümqi
Ürümqi is the capital and largest city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. With a census population of 4 million in 2020, Ürümqi is the second-largest city in China's northwestern interior after Xi'an, and the second-largest in Central Asia in terms of population, after Kabul, Afghanistan. Ürümqi has seen significant economic development since the 1990s and currently serves as a regional transport node and a cultural, political and commercial center.
Bill Byrd
William Byrd (July 15, 1907 – January 4, 1991) was an American professional baseball pitcher and outfielder in the Negro leagues. Born in Canton, Georgia, he was named in eight All-Star games for six seasons. Byrd also saw action with the Criollos de Caguas and Cangrejeros de Santurce clubs of the Puerto Rico Winter League, where he was considered one of the best hurlers. He died at age 83 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente
The Roberto Clemente Professional Baseball League (Spanish:  Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente, abbreviation LBPRC) is the main professional baseball league in Puerto Rico; it is colloquially referred to as the Puerto Rican Winter League. Consisting of six teams as of the 2023–24 season, the league's champion participates in the Caribbean Series.

The league was founded as Liga de Béisbol Profesional de Puerto Rico in 1938. In 2007, the league suspended operations for the first time since its creation; it resumed operations in 2008 after restructuring and changing its name to Puerto Rico Baseball League (PRBL). In May 2012, the league debuted its current name, choosing to honor Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Roberto Clemente by naming it after him and adopting his philosophy of athletic development.
Oruj Orujov
Orujov Oruj Ali oglu (September 12, 1878, Alpout, Javanshir district, Elizavetpol Governorate, Russian Empire – March 2, 1954, Barda, Barda district, Azerbaijan SSR, USSR) was a press official, publisher, and publicist.

Together with his brothers Abuzar and Ganbar, he established the Orujov Brothers Publishing House, which was the largest publishing house in Azerbaijan at that time. He was a member of the Inspection Commission of the "Nijat" Muslim Charity Society and a member of the editorial board of the National Organization Committee of Writers and Journalists.

He faced persecution after the April occupation and was exiled in the 1930s.

Elizavetpol Governorate
The Elizavetpol Governorate, also known after 1918 as the Ganja Governorate, was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Yelisavetpol (present-day Ganja). The area of the governorate stretched 38,922.43 square versts (44,296.15 square kilometres; 17,102.84 square miles) and was composed of 1,275,131 inhabitants in 1916. The Elizavetpol Governorate bordered the Erivan Governorate to the west, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the north, the Dagestan Oblast to the northeast, the Baku Governorate to the east, and Iran to the south.
2009 SAT Khorat Open
The 2009 SAT Khorat Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Khorat, Thailand between 23 and 29 March 2009.

Filip Prpic
Filip Prpic (Croatian: Prpić) (born 26 May 1982) is a Swedish former professional player of Croatian descent on the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour. Prpic's career-high ranking was World Number 194, which he achieved on 1 May 2006.
Abu Musab al-Barnawi
Abu Musab al-Barnawi, born Habib Yusuf, is a Nigerian Islamic militant who served as the leader of the Islamic State's branch in West Africa (ISWAP) between August 2016 and March 2019, and again around May 2021. He also served in various other capacities within ISWAP such as head of its shura. Before pledging allegiance to IS, al-Barnawi was the spokesperson for Boko Haram. Multiple sources reported that al-Barnawi was killed in 2021, but later research by the Crisis Group, Humangle Media, and others proved that these claims were inaccurate.

Shura
Shura (Arabic: شُورَىٰ, romanized: shūrā, lit. 'consultation') is the term for collective decision-making in Islam.  It can, for example, take the form of a council or a referendum. The Quran encourages Muslims to decide their affairs in consultation with each other.

Shura is mentioned as a praiseworthy activity often used in organizing the affairs of a  mosque, Islamic organizations, and is a common term involved in naming parliaments.
Mordecai Bartley
Mordecai Bartley (December 16, 1783 – October 10, 1870) was a Whig politician from northeastern Ohio. He served as the 18th governor of Ohio. Bartley succeeded his son, Thomas W. Bartley as governor, one of few instances of this happening in the United States in high offices.

Governor of Ohio
The governor of Ohio is the head of government of Ohio and the commander-in-chief of the U.S. state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio General Assembly, the power to convene and adjourn the legislature, and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The current governor is Mike DeWine, a member of the Republican Party who took office on January 14, 2019 following the 2018 Ohio gubernatorial election. He was re-elected to a second term in 2022.
Travel CUTS
Travelcuts is a Canadian travel agency specializing in youth travel. It is owned by Merit Travel Group.

It operates 19 locations in Canada, often on or near university and college campuses. "CUTS" was originally an acronym for "Canadian University Travel Service".

The website is listed by TripSavvy as one of the 6 best for finding student airfares.

People Inc.
People Inc. (formerly The Mining Company, About.com, Dotdash and Dotdash Meredith) is an American digital media company based in New York City. It publishes online articles and videos about various subjects across categories including health, home, food, finance, tech, beauty, lifestyle, travel, and education.
Thanatotheristes
Thanatotheristes (meaning "reaper of death" according to the original authors; literally, "death harvester" in Greek: Θάνατος, romanized: Thánatos, "Death" and θεριστής, romanized: theristḗs, "harvester") is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Laramidia, approximately 80.1-79.5 Ma. Thanatotheristes contains only one species, T. degrootorum. Fossils of this taxon are found in the Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, coexisting with medium-sized ceratopsids like Xenoceratops foremostensis and small pachycephalosaurids like Colepiocephale lambei.

Foremost Formation
The Foremost Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age that underlies much of southern Alberta, Canada.  It was named for outcrops in Chin Coulee near the town of Foremost and is known primarily for its dinosaur remains and other fossils.
Kocherlakota
Kocherlakota or Kocharlakota (Telugu: కోచర్లకోట) is a Telugu surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kocherlakota Narayana, American economist and president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis

Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao (1898–1972), Indian physicist

Koccharlakota Satyanarayana (1915–1969), Telugu film actor and playback singer

Narayana Kocherlakota
Narayana Rao Kocherlakota (born October 12, 1963) is an American economist and the Lionel W. McKenzie Professor of Economics at the University of Rochester.  Previously, he served as the 12th president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis until December 31, 2015. Appointed in 2009, he joined the Federal Open Markets Committee in 2011. In 2012, he was named one of the top 100 Global Thinkers by Foreign Policy magazine.
Morteza Mirza Afshar
Morteza Mirza Afshar (Persian: مرتضی‌میرزا افشار) was an Afsharid prince and the son of Nader Shah of Iran, who was renamed Nasrollah Mirza (نصرالله‌میرزا افشار) in honour of his role in the victory at Karnal. He proved to be a talented military leader and demonstrated his worth during the battle of Karnal by commanding the centre of the Iranian army which defeated Sa'adat Ali Khan's forces and captured his person.

He also held independent command during the Ottoman–Persian War of 1743-46 where he was tasked by Nader Shah of penetrating into Ottoman held Mosul province and engaging one of the two Ottoman armies whilst his father, Nader, marched against the other army at Kars in the north. He dealt a decisive blow to the Turkish and Kurdish forces around Mosul at the Battle of Mosul (1745).

Battle of Karnal
The Battle of Karnal (Persian: نبرد کرنال) (24 February 1739) was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India. Nader's forces defeated the army of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah within three hours, paving the way for the Iranian sack of Delhi. The engagement is considered the crowning jewel in Nader's military career as well as a tactical masterpiece. The battle took place near Karnal in Haryana, 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Delhi, India. As a result of the overwhelming defeat of the Mughal Empire at Karnal, the already-declining Mughal dynasty was critically weakened to such an extent as to hasten its demise. According to Axworthy, it is also possible that without the ruinous effects of Nader's invasion of India, European colonial takeover of the Indian subcontinent would have come in a different form or perhaps not at all.
Meghann Treacy
Meghann Treacy (born June 5, 1993) is an assistant coach for Colby College, who is best known for her all-star goaltending for the University of Maine Black Bears women's team from the 2012–13 season to 2015–16.  She was a Hockey East First Team All-Star in the 2014–15 season. Prior to her college career, Treacy played ice hockey, lacrosse and field hockey at Williston Northampton School.

Williston Northampton School
Williston Northampton School (simply referred to as Williston) is a private, co-educational, day and boarding college-preparatory school in Easthampton, Massachusetts, United States. It was established in 1841.
Berlin Old Nordbahnhof
The old Berlin Nordbahnhof was freight and (for a short period) passenger railway terminus in Berlin, Germany. It was situated in Prenzlauer Berg, close to the borders with Gesundbrunnen, in the area of the "Mauerpark".

Gesundbrunnen (Berlin)
Gesundbrunnen (German: [ɡəˈzʊntˌbʁʊnən] ⓘ, literally "health springs"; colloquially Plumpe, "pump") is a locality (Ortsteil) of Berlin in the borough (Bezirk) of Mitte. It was created as a separate entity during the 2001 administrative reform, formerly the eastern half of the former Wedding district (merged into Mitte) and locality. Gesundbrunnen has the highest percentage of non-German residents of any Berlin locality, at 35.1% as of the end of 2008.
Faustite
The IMA-approved mineral faustite is a member of the triclinic turquoise group of hydrous phosphates with the chemical composition
ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O. It is named after the American mineralogist and petrologist Dr. George Tobias Faust, who workes with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Some divalent copper generally replaces the zinc position. Faustite is the zinc-rich analogue of turquoise, having almost four times as much zinc than copper in its crystal structure. Trivalent (ferric) iron may replace some of the aluminum. Minor amounts of calcium may also be present. It has a hardness of 4.5–5.5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, and aside from having a slightly lower hardness, it may be difficult to distinguish it from turquoise in hand specimens.

Faustite has a blue-green to apple green color in polished cabochons. It may be presented as a turquoise imitation and also be treated with stabilizers for jewelry making.

Triclinic crystal system
In crystallography, the triclinic (or anorthic) crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. A crystal system is described by three basis vectors. In the triclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal length, as in the orthorhombic system. In addition, the angles between these vectors must all be different and may not include 90°.

The triclinic lattice is the least symmetric of the 14 three-dimensional Bravais lattices. It has (itself) the minimum symmetry all lattices have: points of inversion at each lattice point and at 7 more points for each lattice point: at the midpoints of the edges and the faces, and at the center points. It is the only lattice type that itself has no mirror planes.
Missinaibi Formation
The Missinaibi Formation is a Late Pleistocene geologic formation in the Hudson Bay Lowlands in Northern Ontario, Canada. The formation lies within Missinaibi Provincial Park.

It was first identified by geologists in the late 19th century. The Missinaibi Formation is principally known for having nonglacial sediments, which means that dating the formation has helped scientists track the ebb and flow of glacial activity in the region.

Scientists have found fish and beaver remains dating from the Sangamonian interglacial
 The formation also preserves fossils of mastodon.

In 1958, Algoma Ore Properties surveyors identified two iron ore deposits with an airborne magnetometer and staked mining claims.

Sangamonian
The Sangamonian Stage (or Sangamon interglacial) is the term used in North America to designate the Last Interglacial (130,000-115,000 years ago) and depending on definition, part of the early Last Glacial Period, corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 5 (~130-80,000 years ago). While often historically considered equivalent in scope to MIS 5, it is now often used in a more narrow sense to refer to the Last Interglacial only (corresponding to MIS 5e and the European Eemian). It preceded the Wisconsinan (Wisconsin) Stage and followed the Illinoian Stage in North America.
Hunlock Creek, Pennsylvania
Hunlock Creek is an unincorporated community in Hunlock Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along the Susquehanna River and U.S. Route 11, 3.2 miles (5.1 km) west of Nanticoke. Hunlock Creek has a post office with ZIP code 18621. In 1940, a regional guidebook noted that the town, "its shacks resting in a mountain cleft, is named for the coal-blackened stream that splits it into a number of sections. US 11 parallels the winding river through a long valley that broadens out occasionally to include a cultivated tract on the river flat."

Nanticoke, Pennsylvania
Nanticoke is a city in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,628, making it the third largest city in Luzerne County. It occupies 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2) of land. Nanticoke is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania.

The city can be divided into several sections: Honey Pot (northwestern Nanticoke), (northern and central Nanticoke), and Hanover Section (southeastern Nanticoke). It was once an active coal mining community. Today, the 167-acre main campus of Luzerne County Community College is located within the city.
Trevor Foster (drummer)
Trevor "Fozz" Foster is an English drummer, who started his musical career with Birmingham band Good News, then moving on as drummer for Bright Eyes.  Trev then joined Birmingham based heavy rock band The Flying Hat Band in the mid-1970s. He then joined folk rocksters The Albion Band in the early 1980s. 2004 he worked with Little Johnny England for a short spell, going on to drum with friends Pipe Factory before retiring for good.

Foster has recorded with Johnny Coppin (ex-Decameron), Clifford T. Ward (deceased), Phil Beer band, Dave Pegg's Cocktail Cowboys, Maurice & The Minors, Simon Care, Polly Bolton and Elaine Morgan. Latterly, he was the drummer with Little Johnny England.

Dave Pegg
Dave Pegg (born 2 November 1947) is an English musician, songwriter and record producer, primarily a bass guitarist. He is the longest-serving member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention and has been bassist with a number of folk and rock groups including the Ian Campbell Folk Group and Jethro Tull.
Easy to Love (For Real song)
"Easy to Love" is the title of a R&B single by For Real, it was the second single from their debut album It's a Natural Thang. Billboard magazine noted "super-tight harmonies that are prominent, but not overshadowing; instantly memorable melody stands as the cut's focal point.

For Real
For Real is an American R&B and soul quartet, that formed in 1990. In the latter part of that decade they were nominated for a Billboard Music Award and a Soul Train Music Award. The group remains active.
Vanasse
Vanasse is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Deb Vanasse (born 1957), Alaskan writer

Fabien Vanasse dit Vertefeuille (1850–1936), Canadian journalist, lawyer and politician

Karine Vanasse (born 1983), Canadian actress

René Vanasse (1921–1996), Canadian businessman

Bob Vanasse, co-founder of Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc.

Deb Vanasse
Deb Vanasse (born September 12, 1957) is an American writer of more than a dozen books, many of which are set in Alaska. Her children's books include six picture books and two young adult novels. She and young-adult novelist Gail Giles are the co-authors of No Returns, Book One in a planned series, the Battleband Saga. Her books for adults include Cold Spell and a forthcoming biography of the Klondike gold rush figure Kate Carmack.  She has also authored three travel guides on Alaska, one under a pseudonym, and she has edited a collection of historic photographs.