hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carl Tuckett
Carl McArthur Tuckett (born 18 May 1970) is a West Indian former cricketer who played one One Day International (ODI) in 1998. He represented Leeward Islands in the West Indian domestic circuit. He is a right arm medium fast bowler. In his only ODI, he had figures of 2 wickets for 41 runs from 8 overs against England at Queen's Park Oval, Port-Of-Spain, Trinidad, on 8 April 1998. In that match, he dismissed Alec Stewart and Graeme Hick.

Following his career as a player, he is now an umpire and stood in the tour matches between St Kitts Invitational XI against an England XI in April 2015. He made his first-class umpiring debut in November 2015, umpiring a game between the Leeward Islands and Trinidad and Tobago during the 2015–16 Regional Four Day Competition. In October 2016 he was selected as one of the eight umpires to stand in matches in the 2016 ICC World Cricket League Division Four tournament.

2015–16 Regional Four Day Competition
The 2015–16 Regional Four Day Competition was the 50th edition of the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The competition ran from 6 November 2015 to 18 March 2016.

Six teams contested the tournament – Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands. Guyana were undefeated, winning eight of their ten matches and drawing the other two, and consequently won their eighth title (and second in a row). Jamaica's Nikita Miller was the leading wicket-taker, while Guyana's captain Leon Johnson led the competition in runs.
Misgav Regional Council
The Misgav Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית משגב, romanized: Mo'atza Azorit Misgav) is a regional council in the Galilee in northern Israel. The regional council is home to 27,421 people, and comprises 35 small towns, mostly community settlements but also several kibbutzim and moshavim. The population of 29 of these is primarily Jewish, and 6 are Bedouin. The region is noted for the way that communities and non-Jewish communities live side-by-side.

Nefesh B'Nefesh
Nefesh B'Nefesh (Hebrew: נפש בנפש, lit. 'Soul to soul'), or Jewish Souls United, is a nonprofit organization that promotes, encourages, and facilitates aliyah (Jewish immigration to Israel) from the United States and Canada.

The organization aims to remove or minimize the financial, professional, logistical, and social obstacles that potential olim (Jewish immigrants) face. Nefesh B'Nefesh works in close cooperation with the Jewish Agency for Israel, the Government of Israel and major Jewish organizations across various denominations, and assists people of all ages in the pre- and post-aliyah process, offering resources such as  employment guidance and networking, assistance navigating the Israeli system, social guidance and counseling.

Since 2002, Nefesh B'Nefesh has brought over 80,000 olim to Israel. In 2011 Nefesh B'Nefesh co-founder Rabbi Yehoshua Fass received the Moskowitz Prize for Zionism on behalf of the organization.
Kristin Kuhns Alexandre
Kristin Kuhns Alexandre (born Kristin Colgan Kuhns; July 15, 1948 – September 12, 2021) was an American writer, journalist, author, screenwriter, and producer. She was a WGA screenwriter and executive producer for the action thriller, Dead Reckoning, directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak.

Andrzej Bartkowiak
Andrzej Bartkowiak, ASC (born 6 March 1950) is a Polish cinematographer and film director based in the United States.

He became known in the 1980s for his partnership with director Sidney Lumet, shooting 11 of his films between 1981 and 1993.

He later became known as a director of action films, including the Jet Li vehicles Romeo Must Die (2000) and Cradle 2 the Grave (2003), and the video game adaptations Doom (2005) and Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li (2009).
Foreman College and Career Academy
Foreman College and Career Academy formerly, Foreman High School), is a public four-year high school located in the Portage Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Foreman is operated by the Chicago Public Schools district. Established in 1928, the school is named in the honor of a Chicago banker and civic leader, Edwin G. Foreman.

Chicago Public High School League
The Chicago Public High School Athletic Association, commonly known as the Chicago Public League (CPL), is the interscholastic competition arm of the Chicago Public Schools. The governance of the CPL is set through the Department of Sports Administration and Facilities of CPS.
Dioptrics
Dioptrics is the branch of optics dealing with refraction, especially by lenses. In contrast, the branch dealing with mirrors is known as catoptrics. Telescopes that create their image with an objective that is a convex lens (refractors) are said to be "dioptric" telescopes.

An early study of dioptrics was conducted by Ptolemy in relationship to the human eye as well as refraction in media such as water.  The understanding of the principles of dioptrics was further expanded by Alhazen, considered the father of modern optics.

Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.
Rachel Goodrich
Rachel Beth Goodrich is an American musician from Miami, Florida. Her music has been described as an "eclectic blend of vaudeville-inspired indie pop, swing-jazz and country-folk."

Her first album, Tinker Toys, was self-released in 2008 to which the New York Times dubbed her as a "queen of the Miami indie rock scene".

The second, self-titled album was produced by Grammy-winning music producer Greg Wells.

Goodrich's song, "Light Bulb", was featured in an episode of the TV series Weeds, and the song also features in a Crayola commercial advertisement. A remix of the song was made by Awesome New Republic and used on the BT Infinity – "Light Streams" advert.

The songs, "Light Bulb", "Piggy Bank" & "Ukulele Water" were featured in the MTV show My Life As Liz.

My Life as Liz
My Life as Liz is a mockumentary-style American comedy television series that centers on the life of Liz Lee, a misfit high-school senior living in a small town in Texas. The series debuted on MTV on January 18, 2010.

The first-season finale aired on March 8, 2010. Filming for the second season began early 2010 in New York City, mostly at Pratt Institute, the college which series star Liz Lee attends. Season two premiered February 8, 2011, and consisted of 12 episodes. The series was not renewed for a third season, and the series finale aired on May 3, 2011.
Muharrem Varlı
Muharrem Varlı (born 22 April 1969) is a Turkish politician from the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), who has served as a Member of Parliament for Adana since 22 July 2007.

Born in Adana, Varlı graduated from Selçuk University Faculty of Arts and Sciences history department. He was self-employed, having worked as a farmer before being elected as a MHP Member of Parliament at the June 2015 general election. He is married and has two children and speaks English at a semi-fluent level.

Adana (electoral district)
Adana is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects fourteen members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.
Lake Grace System
Lake Grace System is a DIWA-listed wetland in Western Australia. Located on the border of the Shires of Lake Grace and Kent, it consists of four lakes, Lake Grace North, Lake Grace South, Lake Altham and Cemetery Lake. It has an area of about 132 km2 (51 sq mi).

Biogeographically, it is part of the Western Mallee subregion of the Mallee region of the South West Botanic Province. It is part of a saline drainage system that extends from near Ongerup, Western Australia, ultimately draining into Salt River. It is a major breeding area for the banded stilt (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus).

Shire of Lake Grace
The Shire of Lake Grace is a local government area in the eastern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, about 350 kilometres (217 mi) ESE of the state capital, Perth. The Shire has a land area of 10,379 square kilometres (4,007 sq mi) and its seat of government is the town of Lake Grace.
Back Home (novel)
Back Home is a children's historical novel by Michelle Magorian, first published in 1984. The novel was adapted into a TV drama, Back Home (1990), starring Hayley Mills and Haley Carr, and again in 2001 starring Sarah Lancashire, Stephanie Cole and Jessica Fox.

Jessica Fox (actress)
Jessica Ann Fox (born 19 May 1983) is an English actress. She played Enid Nightshade in the children's television series The Worst Witch and later gained soap opera roles as Belle Wise in Crossroads and Nancy Hayton in Hollyoaks.
Taw yağı
The Taw yağı (pronounced [tʌʊ jʌˈɣɯ] in Tatar) or Viryal (Tatar: Тау ягы, romanized: Taw yağı; Chuvash: Вирьял; Russian: Го́рная сторона́, literally Hill Bank Land) was a historical region of Tatarstan, Khanate of Kazan, Volga Bulgaria, the name is known since the 1550s. This land was situated at the Hill, i.e. right bank of the Volga. Since 1547, this region was disintegrated from the khanate. The Feudal lords of the Hill Bank Land eventually joined Russia following 1556. Sviyazhsk was established as the center of the Hill Bank Land. Later, this part of the former khanate was incorporated to Sviyazhsk Uyezd. The region had multiethnic population (Russian: горные люди) and included Tatars, Chuvashes, Hill Mari and Mordvins.

During the Russian Civil War, White guerrillas were based in the forests here.

This part of Tatarstan is well known by its rocky hills. The hills themselves became recently known for their dachas, resorts and Alpine skiing.

Uezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd or uiezd; Russian: уе́зд (pre-1918: уѣздъ), IPA: [ʊˈjest]), or povit in a Ukrainian context (Ukrainian: повіт), was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian SFSR, and the early Soviet Union, which was in use from the 13th century. For most of Russian history, uezds were a second-level administrative division. By sense, but not by etymology, uezd approximately corresponds to the English "county".
Hong Kong Library Association
The Hong Kong Library Association (HKLA; Chinese: 香港圖書館協會) is a library association based in Hong Kong for Hong Kong's librarians, information specialists, knowledge professionals and those engaged in library-related work. It was founded in 1958 and also publishes the Journal of Hong Kong Library Association. HKLA was established to further the following objectives: to encourage policies for the promotion of library and information science as well as librarians in Hong Kong and to develop related guidelines and standards. HKLA serves the cause of librarianship in Hong Kong and aims to offer opportunities for professional growth, networking, and community service.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
The Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung) is located in Potsdam-Golm Science Park in Golm, Potsdam, Germany. It was founded in 1990 as a successor of the Institute for Physical Chemistry and for Organic Chemistry, both in Berlin-Adlershof, and for Polymer Chemistry in Teltow. In 1999, it transferred to newly constructed extension facilities in Golm. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft).

Golm (Potsdam)
Golm (German pronunciation: [ɡɔlm]) is a locality (Ortsteil) of Potsdam, the capital of the German state of Brandenburg. The former municipality was incorporated in 2003. Its name is derived from Western Slavic chulm, meaning "hill", and refers to one of the nearby elevations, either Reiherberg (68 m (223 ft) a.s.l.) near the centre of the original village or Ehrenpfortenberg (57 m (187 ft) a.s.l.) east of it.
Binary independence model
In computing and information science, the binary independence model (BIM)  is a probabilistic information retrieval technique. The model makes some simple assumptions to make the estimation of document/query similarity probable and feasible.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Laze, Novo Mesto
Laze (pronounced [ˈlaːzɛ]; German: Reuter, also Reuther or Laase) is a settlement south of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The railway line from Ljubljana to Metlika runs through the settlement. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local church, built on the southern outskirts of the village, is dedicated to Saint Matthias and belongs to the Parish of Toplice. It dates to the late 17th century.

Matthias the Apostle
Matthias (/məˈθaɪəs/; Koine Greek: Μαθθίας, Matthías [maθˈθi.as], from Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ Mattiṯyāhū; Coptic: ⲙⲁⲑⲓⲁⲥ; died c. AD 80) was, according to the Acts of the Apostles, chosen by God through the apostles to replace Judas Iscariot following the latter's betrayal of Jesus and his subsequent death. His calling as an apostle is unique, in that he was selected via the casting of lots following Jesus' Ascension into Heaven, though Matthias knew Jesus throughout his earthly ministry.
Marie Jeanne Frigard
Marie Jeanne Stein (née Frigard; 30 October 1904, Grimaud – 29 July 1971, Ivry-sur-Seine) was a French chess player and classical violinist. She was a four-time French Women's Chess Champion (1924, 1925, 1926, 1927). She was a participant in the first Women's World Chess Championship in 1927.

Grimaud, Var
Grimaud (French pronunciation: [ɡʁimo]) is a village and commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

It is located on the French Riviera. The village of Grimaud is a perched village, with historical links to the Grimaldi family. Gibelin de Grimaldi aided William the Good in driving the Saracens of Fraxinet out of the area in AD 973 and was rewarded with the land. The village is dominated by its 11th-century castle (partially restored).

The Gulf of Saint Tropez was known as the Gulf of Grimaud until the end of the 19th century. The seaside town of Port Grimaud lies within the commune, at the head of the gulf.
Ngongotahā
Ngongotahā is a small settlement on the western shores of Lake Rotorua in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of the Rotorua central business district, and is considered as a suburb of Rotorua. It is part of the Rotorua functional urban area as defined by Statistics New Zealand. Ngongotahā has a population of 5,280 as of June 2025.

Its name is derived from a legend of Ihenga, the famous Māori explorer. It is said Īhenga met the Patu-paiarehe on Mount Ngongotahā and was offered a drink from a calabash. Ngongo means "to drink", and tahā means "calabash". Ngongotahā is often referred to by locals as the "Sunny side of the Mountain".

Functional urban area
The functional urban area (FUA), previously known as larger urban zone (LUZ), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may or may not be exclusively urban. It consists of a city and its commuting zone, which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in the city.

The FUA represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area. Eurostat's objective was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region." To ensure a good data availability, Eurostat adjusts the FUA boundaries to administrative boundaries that approximate the functional urban area.
Molinaseca
Molinaseca is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain) . According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 818 inhabitants. It is located on the French Way, the most popular path of the Camino de Santiago.

Its name originates from the old mills on the Meruelo River that supported the town’s economy during the Middle Ages.

El Bierzo
El Bierzo (Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈβjeɾ.θo]; Leonese: El Bierciu or El Bierzu; Galician: O Bierzo) is a comarca in the province of León, Spain. Its capital is the town of Ponferrada. Other major towns are Bembibre and Villafranca del Bierzo, the historical capital.

The territory of El Bierzo includes most of the upper basin of the Sil river. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides, which makes this area remarkably isolated from all neighbouring lands.
Abraham D. Shadd
Abraham Doras Shadd (March 2, 1801 – February 11, 1882) was an African-American abolitionist and civil rights activist who emigrated to Ontario, Canada, and became one of Canada's first black elected officials. He was the father of prominent activist and publisher Mary Ann Shadd and her siblings Eunice P. Shadd and Isaac Shadd.

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
The Fugitive Slave Act or Fugitive Slave Law was a statute passed by the 31st United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern interests in slavery and Northern Free-Soilers.

The Act was one of the most controversial elements of the 1850 compromise and heightened Northern fears of a slave power conspiracy. It required that all escaped slaves, upon capture, be returned to the slave-owner and that officials and citizens of free states had to cooperate. The Act contributed to the growing polarization of the country over the issue of slavery. It was one of the factors that led to the founding of the Republican Party and the start of the American Civil War.
Tetracis mosesiani
Tetracis mosesiani is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found coastal California from near sea level to 915 meters.

The length of the forewings 17–23 mm. Adults are on wing from October to early December.

Larvae feed on Lonicera hispidula.

Lonicera hispidula
The perennial vine Lonicera hispidula is a species of honeysuckle known as pink honeysuckle and, less often, California honeysuckle.  It is a low-elevation woodlands shrub or vine domestically grown, specifically found on the West Coast of North America.
Anare Nunataks
The Anare Nunataks (69°58′S 64°37′E﻿ / ﻿69.967°S 64.617°E﻿ / -69.967; 64.617) are a group of mainly snow-covered ridges with exposed rock summits rising to 2,035 metres (6,680 ft), standing 16 nautical miles (30 km) south of the Stinear Nunataks in Mac. Robertson Land. First visited in November 1955 by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) party led by John Béchervaise, the name is taken from the acronym of the expedition.

The Anare Nunataks include Mount Macklin.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
1906 Svenska Mästerskapet
The 1906 Svenska Mästerskapet was the eleventh season of Svenska Mästerskapet, the football Cup to determine the Swedish champions. Örgryte IS won the tournament by defeating Djurgårdens IF in the final with a 4–3 score.

Örgryte IS
Örgryte Idrottssällskap, commonly referred to as Örgryte IS, Örgryte (Swedish: [ˈœ̂ːrˌɡryːtɛ]) or (especially locally) ÖIS or Öis, is a Swedish sports club based in Gothenburg. It consists of four departments, namely bowling, football, athletics and wrestling. However, the club is best known for its football department. The club was founded in 1887 which makes it the oldest active sports club in the country.
2024 All Japan Senior Football Championship
The 60th All Japan Senior Football Championship (Japanese: 第60回全国社会人サッカー選手権大会, Hepburn: Dai 60-kai zenkoku shakai hito sakkā senshuken taikai), officially known as the 2024 All Japan Adults Football Tournament, and commonly referred to as the 2024 Shakaijin Cup, was the 60th edition of the annually contested single-elimination tournament (or cup) for the best-ranked amateur clubs in Japan, non-league clubs (participating in Regional or Prefectural Leagues and not included in the nationwide league competitions).

FC Kariya were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semifinals by Japan Soccer College and finished in fourth place. Japan Soccer College became champions, beating FC Tokushima in the final, earning them their first title in the competition. They also became only the third team from Hokushin'etsu to do so, and the only one from Niigata Prefecture.

All Japan Senior Football Championship
The All Japan Senior Football Championship (Japanese: 全国社会人サッカー選手権大会, Hepburn: Zenkoku Shakaijin Sakkā Senshuken Taikai) , officially called the All Japan Adults Football Tournament, is a football (soccer) cup competition in Japan. It is run by the Japan Football Association. As it only involves non-league teams (teams not affiliated to either J.League or the Japan Football League), it can be considered an equivalent of the FA Trophy or FA Vase in England.