hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fiesta Nightclub (Sheffield)
When Keith and Jim Lipthorpe opened it in August 1970, the Fiesta nightclub in Sheffield, England, was reputed to be the largest in Europe. The Lipthorpes had opened a Fiesta nightclub in Stockton five years earlier on the Tees.  The Sheffield Fiesta was situated on Arundel Gate in Sheffield, it cost £500,000 to purchase and had a 1,300-seat amphitheatre. Many celebrities of the 1960s and 1970s performed there, generally for a week at a time, with the opening act being The Shadows. Other major music stars performing there included Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons, Matt Monro, Sandie Shaw, The Beach Boys, Stevie Wonder, Roy Orbison, Ella Fitzgerald, The Four Tops, Cilla Black, Lynsey de Paul, Olivia Newton-John, Tony Christie, The Stylists and the Jackson Five, but also comedians such as Les Dawson and Tommy Cooper, as well as the entertainer, Bruce Forsyth.

The building now houses the Sheffield Odeon cinema, which opened in 1992.

Sandie Shaw
Sandra Ann Goodrich MBE (born 26 February 1947), better known by her stage name Sandie Shaw, is a retired English pop singer. One of the most successful British female singers of the 1960s, she had three UK number one singles with "(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me" (1964), "Long Live Love" (1965) and "Puppet on a String" (1967). With the latter, she became the first British entry to win the Eurovision Song Contest. She was seen as epitomising the Swinging Sixties and was often described as "the barefoot pop princess of the 1960s". She returned to the UK Top 40, for the first time in 15 years, with her 1984 cover of the Smiths song "Hand in Glove". Shaw retired from the music industry in 2013.
Willem van der Merwe
Willem Maré van der Merwe (20 July 1960 – 31 March 2025) was a South African orthopaedic surgeon and cricketer. Van der Merwe was a professional cricketer in South Africa from 1978 to 1987, playing predominantly for Orange Free State and Western Province. He later played first-class cricket in England for Oxford University and became a surgeon. He served as president of the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS).

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Pennsylvania Route 504
Pennsylvania Route 504 (PA 504) is a 24.5-mile-long (39.4 km) state highway located in Centre County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at PA 53/PA 350 in Philipsburg.  The eastern terminus is at US 220 Alternate/PA 144  in Wingate.

It roughly follows a portion of the path of the historic 1799 State Road from "Bald Eagle's Nest" (Milesburg) to Fort Le Boeuf (Waterford, PA), which was laid out and cleared under contract with the Pennsylvania Assembly and opened for travel by 1802. The State Road was an important thoroughfare during the War of 1812, and was for many years the primary route for mail, goods and travelers between Philadelphia and Erie. Many of the original, 19th-century stone mileposts are preserved along the northern side of the highway.

State Road, Delaware
State Road is an unincorporated area in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. State Road is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 13 and U.S. Route 40, southwest of New Castle.

For many years, State Road was the location of a major rest stop on the intercity bus network known as Clemente's Rest, which served buses traveling between the Northeastern United States, the Southern United States, and points on the Delmarva Peninsula. The rest stop billed itself as "the Place Where The Nation Meets and Eats". It had opened in 1951 and closed in 1992, as Greyhound began moving its operations to its Wilmington agency. The area earlier had a stop on the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad.
2011 FIBA Asia Champions Cup
The FIBA Asia Champions Cup 2011 was the 22nd staging of the FIBA Asia Champions Cup, the basketball club tournament of FIBA Asia. The tournament was held in Pasig, Philippines from May 28 to June 5, 2011. The event is co-organized by the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas and FIBA Asia.

Al Riyadi from Lebanon, after going undefeated in the entire tournament, won its first ever Fiba Asia Champions Cup title after defeating Mahram Tehran from Iran in the final game. It was the fourth time a club from Lebanon has won the championship.

Al-Rayyan from Qatar, on the other hand, finished third in the tournament after defeating Smart Gilas from the Philippines in the third-place game.

Duhok SC
Duhok Sports Club (Kurdish: Yana Dihok ya Werzişî, Arabic: نادي دهوك الرياضي) is an Iraqi professional sports club, based in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Founded in 1970, the club competes in the Iraq Stars League. Duhok SC's biggest rivals are also their neighbours Zakho, producing passionate and fierce matches every season, with whom they contest the "Badinan Derby".

Duhok has won the Iraq Stars League once and the Iraq FA Cup once. Duhok became the first Iraqi club to both participate in and win the AGCFF Gulf Club Champions League, having been crowned champions in the 2024–25 season.
Charles II, Duke of Savoy
Charles II or Charles John Amadeus (Carlo Giovanni Amedeo in Italian) (c.1489, Turin, Piedmont – 1496), was the Duke of Savoy from 1490 to 1496 but his mother Blanche of Montferrat (1472–1519) was the actual ruler as a regent. In 1485 his father Charles I had received the hereditary rights to the Kingdoms of Cyprus, Jerusalem, and Armenia which were inherited by young Charles.

Counts and dukes of Savoy
The titles of the count of Savoy, and then duke of Savoy, are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy. Since its creation, in the 11th century, the House of Savoy held the county, the ruler of which was originally styled "count," then later as "duke"; several of these rulers were called "king" at one point in history or another.

The County of Savoy was elevated to a duchy at the beginning of the 15th century, bringing together all the territories of the Savoyard state under  Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy.  In the 18th century, Victor Amadeus II annexed the Kingdom of Sardinia to the historical possessions of the Duchy, and from then on, the Savoyard dukes also held the title of Kings of Sardinia. The House of Savoy later went on to rule the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946 when the monarchy was abolished.

Victor Amadeus II was the longest reigning monarch of Savoy, followed by Charles Emmanuel I, and Charles III or Amadeus VIII.
Nikolai Shvernik
Nikolai Mikhailovich Shvernik (Russian: Николай Михайлович Шверник, 19 May [O.S. 7 May] 1888 – 24 December 1970) was a Soviet politician who served as the second chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 1946 until 1953. Though he was the head of state, Shvernik had very little power as Joseph Stalin, the premier at the time, had most of the power due to his position as general secretary of the CPSU, the de facto leader.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.

Officially, the General Secretary solely controlled the Communist Party directly. However, since the party had a monopoly on political power, the General Secretary de facto had executive control of the Soviet government. Because of the office's ability to direct both the foreign and domestic policies of the state and preeminence over the Soviet Communist Party, it was the de facto highest office of the Soviet Union.
Claude Ballif
Claude Ballif (22 May 1924 – 24 July 2004) was a French composer, writer, and pedagogue. He worked at a number of institutions throughout more than 40 years of teaching, one of which he had attended as a student. Among his pupils were Raynald Arseneault, Nicolas Bacri, Gérard Buquet, Joseph-François Kremer, Philippe Manoury, Serge Provost, Mehmet Okonsar, Simon Bertrand, Alexandre Desplat, and Claude Abromont. He was described as a French modernist and as "the product of the exciting and turbulent post World War II years of the Western avant-garde" alongside composers Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Darmstädter Ferienkurse
Darmstädter Ferienkurse (Darmstadt Summer Course) is a regular summer event of contemporary classical music in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany. It was founded in 1946, under the name "Ferienkurse für Internationale Neue Musik Darmstadt" (Vacation Courses of International New Music in Darmstadt), as a gathering with lectures and concerts over several summer weeks. Composers, performers, theorists and philosophers of contemporary music met first annually until 1970, and then biennially. The event was organised by the Kranichsteiner Musikinstitut, which was renamed Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt (IMD). It is regarded as a leading international forum of contemporary and experimental music with a focus on composition. The festival awards the Kranichsteiner Musikpreis for performers and young composers.
Soldier (Erykah Badu song)
"Soldier" is a song by Erykah Badu released as the second single from her fifth album, New Amerykah Part One (4th World War). The song was produced by Karriem Riggins. This was strictly a promotional single and did not have a commercial single release or music video. It prominently uses a melodic sample from the song "Theme" by Solution, a Dutch progressive rock band, along with a drum break from the song "Upon This Rock" by American saxophonist Joe Farrell.

"Soldier" was chosen in a poll after Badu asked Okayplayer users to vote on the next single to be released from New Amerykah.

Karriem Riggins
Karriem Riggins (born August 25, 1975) is an American jazz drummer, record producer, DJ and songwriter from Detroit, Michigan. He met Chicago rapper Common and  fellow Detroit musician J Dilla both in 1996, and served as an extensive contributor for releases by both artists. He produced for Common's 1997 album One Day It'll All Make Sense, did so on much of his further projects, and formed the musical trio August Greene with the rapper alongside fellow jazz instrumentalist Robert Glasper in 2018. Furthermore, he formed the Jahari Massamba Unit with Madlib in 2020, and has also worked with prominent music industry artists including Paul McCartney, Kanye West, Denzel Curry, Earl Sweatshirt, and Norah Jones, among others.
Walid Taher
Walid Taher (Arabic : وليد طاهر) is an Egyptian author, designer of children's books, plastic artist, and journalist painter. He was born in Cairo, Egypt in 1969. More than 40 children books were published by Taher including: ‘The Black Spot’ which has won the Etisalat Award in its second edition. His book ‘Seven Souls’ was longlisted for Sheikh Zayed Award – Children and Young People's Literature Section in 2012. ‘The Island of Sailor Barakat’, additionally, was nominated for the Etisalat Award- Best Direction Section in 2019.

Al-Shorouk
Al-Shorouk, Shorouk News or Al-Shuruq  (Arabic: الشروق "The Sunrise") is a prominent Arabic newspaper published in Egypt and several other Arabic nations. It is a daily independent liberal-oriented newspaper, covering mainly politics, militant affairs and sport.
1947 Howdenshire by-election
The 1947 by-election for the constituency of Howdenshire in the United Kingdom House of Commons was held on 27 November 1947, caused by the retirement of the incumbent Conservative MP Clifford Glossop. The result was a hold for the Conservative Party, with their candidate George Odey.

Howdenshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Howdenshire was a county constituency in Yorkshire which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

It was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1950 general election.
Steamer Flanagan
James Paul Flanagan (April 20, 1881 – April 21, 1947) was an American Major League Baseball center fielder.  He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates just at the end of the 1905 season (September 25-October 7).  The 24-year-old rookie, who stood 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) and weighed 185 lbs.,  was a native of Kingston, Pennsylvania, and attended the University of Notre Dame.

Flanagan played well during his time with the Pirates.  In seven games he hit .280 (7-for-25) with one double, one triple, three runs batted in, and seven runs scored.  He also had three stolen bases.  In the field he handled 19 chances flawlessly for a fielding percentage of 1.000.

Two of his famous teammates on the Pirates were future Hall of Famers Honus Wagner and Fred Clarke.

Flanagan died at the age of 66 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

Total chances
In baseball statistics, total chances (TC), also called chances offered, represents the number of plays in which a defensive player has participated. It is the sum of putouts plus assists plus errors. Chances accepted refers to the total of putouts and assists only.
Xi Pegasi
Xi Pegasi (ξ Peg, ξ Pegasi) is the Bayer designation for a double star in the northern constellation of Pegasus, the winged horse. Located in the horse's neck, the primary component is an F-type main sequence star that is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.2. It is 87% larger and 15% more massive that the Sun, radiating 4.55 times the solar luminosity. Based upon parallax measurements taken with the Hipparcos spacecraft, it is located 53.2 ± 0.2 light years from the Sun.

The primary has been examined for the presence of an infrared excess that might indicate the presence of a debris disk, but none has been discovered. The common proper motion companion, NLTT 54820, is a twelfth magnitude red dwarf located at an angular separation of 11.4″ along a position angle of 96.9°. This corresponds to a projected physical separation of 192.3 AU.

Glossary of astronomy
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of sophisticated terminology.
Menial job
A menial job is a job that requires low skills, is low paid, involves repeating the same tasks, and is perceived in society as being of low value. It can be used as a means of discrimination.
Menial jobs are essential for many economic sectors (hospitality industry, retail, agriculture, manufacturing sector). One of the advantages is that it can be found relatively easily and that it offers a secure income in periods of economic crisis and high unemployment.
Examples of menial jobs: cashiers, employees in fast food restaurants, janitors, construction workers.

Cashier
A retail cashier or simply a cashier is a person who handles the cash register at various locations such as the point of sale in a retail store. The most common use of the title is in the retail industry, but this job title is also used in the context of accountancy for the person responsible for receiving and disbursing money or within branch banking in the United Kingdom for the job known in the United States as a bank teller.
34th Manitoba Legislature
The members of the 34th Manitoba Legislature were elected in the Manitoba general election held in April 1988. The legislature sat from July 21, 1988, to August 7, 1990.

The Progressive Conservative Party led by Gary Filmon formed the government.

Sharon Carstairs of the Liberal Party was Leader of the Opposition.

Denis Rocan served as speaker for the assembly.

Native leader Elijah Harper blocked the introduction of the motion to ratify the Meech Lake Accord and so the Accord was not approved by the June 23, 1990, deadline.

Following the failure of the Accord, Premier Filmon called a snap election in September 1990 to take advantage of an increase in his popularity because he was now perceived as a strong defender of Manitoba's interests.

There were two sessions of the 34th Legislature:

George Johnson was Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba.

Elijah Harper
Elijah Harper OM (March 3, 1949 – May 17, 2013) was a Canadian Oji-Cree politician who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba (MLA) from 1981 to 1992 and a member of Parliament (MP) from 1993 to 1997. Harper was elected chief of the Red Sucker Lake Indian Band in 1978, serving for four years and worked as a policy analyst prior to entering politics. He was a key factor in the rejection of the Meech Lake Accord, a proposed amendment of the Canadian constitution.
2024–2025 anti-tourism protests in Spain
Beginning in April 2024, there have been protests in Spain against overtourism, specifically in the archipelagos of the Balearics and Canaries, and in the mainland cities of Barcelona, San Sebastián and Málaga. These first three locations are the top three most-visited in Spain by tourists. Following the COVID-19 pandemic limiting tourists' opportunities to travel, the numbers of visitors to Spanish destinations has significantly increased year-on-year. Local governments and residents believe that, rather than sustaining the locations, the overtourism has contributed to a reduced quality of life and increased cost of living for residents.

The BBC reported that while overtourism has concerned residents of the most-visited locations for a while, "[in 2024] it feels like something has changed. The anger among many locals is reaching a new level".

Overtourism
Overtourism is congestion or overcrowding from an excess of tourists, resulting in conflicts with locals.  The World Tourism Organization defines overtourism as "the impact of tourism on a destination, or parts thereof, that excessively influences perceived quality of life of citizens and/or quality of visitor experiences in a negative way". This definition shows how overtourism can be observed both among locals, who view tourism as a disruptive factor that increasingly burdens daily life, as well as visitors, who may regard high numbers of tourists as a nuisance. Instagram tourism has been implicated as a cause.

The term was only used infrequently before 2017, but is now the most commonly used expression to describe the negative impacts ascribed to tourism.
Santa María Yalina
Santa María Yalina is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 28.07 km2 (10.84 sq mi). 
It is part of the Villa Alta District in the center of the Sierra Norte Region.

Sierra Norte de Oaxaca
La Sierra Norte de Oaxaca is a heavily wooded region in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. 
It is 62 km from the city of Oaxaca on Federal highway 175, heading east towards Tuxtepec.  
The region is divided into three districts: Ixtlán, which has 26 municipalities, Villa Alta, which has 25 municipalities and Mixe, which has 17 municipalities.
SS Empire Duke
Empire Duke was a 7,067 GRT cargo ship that was used during the Second World War in investigations into the metallurgical problems that Liberty ships were suffering from.

Empire Duke was built in 1943 by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland, Co Durham for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) as an Empire ship.

She was transferred to France in 1945 and renamed Lieutenant J Le Meur. She was sold to Morocco in 1949 and renamed Zelidja. In 1955, she was sold to Liberia and renamed Propontis, not being renamed after a sale in 1957. She served until 1966, when she was scrapped in Taiwan.

Texas City disaster
The Texas City disaster was an industrial accident that occurred on April 16, 1947, in the port of Texas City, Texas, United States, located in Galveston Bay. It was the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. history and one of history's largest non-nuclear explosions.

The explosion was triggered by a mid-morning fire on board the French-registered vessel Grandcamp (docked at port), which detonated her cargo of about 2,300 tons (about 2,100 metric tons) of ammonium nitrate. This started a chain reaction of fires and explosions aboard other ships and in nearby oil-storage facilities, ultimately killing at least 581 people, including all but one member of Texas City's volunteer fire department.: 100

The disaster drew the first class action lawsuit against the United States government, on behalf of 8,485 plaintiffs, under the 1946 Federal Tort Claims Act.
Samsung Ladies Masters
The Samsung Ladies Masters was a women's professional golf tournament co-sanctioned by the LPGA of Korea Tour and the Ladies European Tour that took place in Singapore at the Laguna National G&CC. It was only held in 2005.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
River Looe
The River Looe (Cornish: Logh, meaning deep water inlet) is a river in south-east Cornwall, which flows into the English Channel at Looe. It has two main branches, the East Looe River and the West Looe River. The eastern branch has its source near St Cleer only 0.31 miles (0.5 km) away from the Golitha Falls on the River Fowey, and flows south, passing close to the western outskirts of Liskeard. The western branch has its source near Dobwalls.

Dobwalls
Dobwalls (Cornish: Fos an Mogh) is a village and civil parish in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated 3 mi (5 km) west of Liskeard.

The name is spelt Dubwalls on Bartholomew's map and Black's Guide of 1879.

The A38 trunk road ran through the village until the bypass was opened on 19 December 2008. The bypass has two of the most elaborate bat bridges built so far in the UK (previous examples in Wales being wooden posts with cables). Twelve native species of bats are found in the area.

Until 2006, the Dobwalls Adventure Park tourist attraction was located north of the village.