hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luminescent bacteria
Luminescent bacteria emit light as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy. Luminescent bacteria exist as symbiotic organisms carried within a larger organism, such as many deep sea organisms, including the Lantern Fish, the Angler fish, certain jellyfish, certain clams and the Gulper eel. The light is generated by an enzyme-catalyzed chemoluminescence reaction, wherein the pigment luciferin is oxidised by the enzyme luciferase. The expression of genes related to bioluminescence is controlled by an operon called the lux operon.

Some species of luminescent bacteria possess quorum sensing, the ability to determine local population by the concentration of chemical messengers.  Species which have quorum sensing can turn on and off certain chemical pathways, commonly luminescence; in this way, once population levels reach a certain point the bacteria switch on light-production

Chemiluminescence
Chemiluminescence (also chemoluminescence) is the emission of light (luminescence) as the result of a chemical reaction, i.e. a chemical reaction results in a flash or glow of light.  A standard example of chemiluminescence in the laboratory setting is the luminol test.  Here, blood is indicated by luminescence upon contact with iron in hemoglobin. When chemiluminescence takes place in living organisms, the phenomenon is called bioluminescence. A light stick emits light by chemiluminescence.
Outline of New York City
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to New York City:

New York City – largest city in the state of New York and most populous city in the United States. New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon the world's commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports. If New York City were a country, it would have the 12th highest GDP in the world. It is the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world — anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, and home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.

Dominicans in New York City
The city of New York includes a sizeable Dominican population. Dominicans are one of the largest Latino groups in New York City followed by Puerto Ricans. Dominicans are the largest immigrant group in New York City. Dominicans are concentrated in Washington Heights and the Bronx in the city proper; by 2019, the share living in the city fell from 92% to 62%. The rest lived in outlying counties in the metro area. Census Bureau’s 2019 American Community Survey found that 702,000 Dominicans live in New York City.
H. S. Bhabra
Hargurchet Singh Bhabra (7 June 1955 – 1 June 2000) was a British Asian writer and broadcaster who settled in Canada.

Bhabra was born in Mumbai, India, and moved to England with his family in 1957. The family eventually settled in Beare Green, Surrey. From 1966 to 1973, Bhabra attended Reigate Grammar School. He was the only boy of Asian origin in the school, was highly regarded by his teachers, and an accomplished actor in school productions such as Much Ado about Nothing. Regarded by his teachers as the most exceptional member of an exceptional year, he won a scholarship to Trinity College, Oxford, where he read English Literature.

Capel, Surrey
Capel (/ˈkeɪpəl/) is a village and civil parish in southern Surrey, England. It is equidistant between Dorking and Horsham – about 5 miles (8.0 km) away. Around Capel, to the west, skirts the A24 road. Capel is approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of the West Sussex border, 26 miles (42 km) south of London and 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Guildford and is in the Mole Valley district. The village is in the north of a landscape called the Weald, meaning forest, which forms a significant minority of the land today, particularly towards the Greensand Ridge.
Chris Rittson-Thomas
George Christopher Rittson-Thomas (18 December 1926 – 21 January 2014) was an English rugby union player active in the 1940s and 1950s.

Rittson-Thomas was born in Cardiff, Wales. He received his education at Dragon School, Sherborne School and the University of Oxford, where he gained two rugby blues. Due to his Welsh birth, Rittson-Thomas was eligible to represent Wales, while as an English domiciled player could also compete for England.

A wing-forward, Rittson-Thomas won three England caps during the 1951 Five Nations, playing in losses to Wales, Ireland and France, the last of which caused in part by an injury he suffered that left England a man short.

Rittson-Thomas was married in 1951 to Silvia Catriona Fleming, daughter of Olympic rower Philip Fleming.

1951 Five Nations Championship
The 1951 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-second series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-seventh series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 13 January and 7 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Ireland missed out on a second Grand Slam after drawing against Wales at Cardiff Arms Park, but won the championship.
Pennsylvania Western University
Pennsylvania Western University (PennWest) is a public university in Pennsylvania, United States. It has three campuses in the Pennsylvania boroughs of California, Clarion, and Edinboro.

The university was created by the 2022 merger of the California University of Pennsylvania, the Clarion University of Pennsylvania, and the Edinboro University of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Western University is part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Middle States Commission on Higher Education
The Middle States Commission on Higher Education (abbreviated as MSCHE), legally incorporated as the Mid-Atlantic Region Commission on Higher Education, is a voluntary, peer-based, non-profit membership organization that performs peer evaluation and accreditation of public and private universities and colleges in the United States and foreign higher education institutions. Its headquarters are in Wilmington, Delaware.

Until federal regulations changed in July 2020, it was considered one of the seven regional accreditation organizations dating back 130 years. The commission is recognized by the U.S. Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. It accredits nearly 600 institutions, primarily in Delaware, Washington, D.C., Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Northern blue devil
The northern blue devil (Paraplesiops poweri) is a species of fish in the longfin family Plesiopidae.  It has been recorded from the inshore waters of Queensland, eastern Australia, from Bowen to Moreton Bay. The specific name honours Percy Power, who caught the type specimen.

Bowen, Queensland
Bowen is a coastal town and locality in the Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Bowen had a population of 11,205 people.

The locality contains two other towns:

Heronvale (20°06′25″S 148°17′36″E﻿ / ﻿20.107°S 148.2933°E﻿ / -20.107; 148.2933﻿ (Heronvale, Queensland))

Merinda (20°00′59″S 148°09′53″E﻿ / ﻿20.0164°S 148.1647°E﻿ / -20.0164; 148.1647﻿ (Merinda, Queensland)).

The Abbot Point coal shipping port is also within the locality (19°52′54″S 148°04′46″E﻿ / ﻿19.8816°S 148.0795°E﻿ / -19.8816; 148.0795﻿ (Abbot Point)).
Uwe Brandl
Uwe Brandl (born 27 October 1959 in Abensberg, Lower Bavaria) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.

He was mayor of the city of Abensberg from 1993 to 2023 and has served as President of the Bayerischer Gemeindetag.

Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria (German: Niederbayern, pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌbaɪɐn] ⓘ; Bavarian: Niedabayern, Niadabayern, Niedabayan or Niadabayan) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state. It consists of nine districts and 258 municipalities (including three cities).
Guido Sutermeister Museum
The Guido Sutermeister Civic Museum is an archaeological museum in Legnano, in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in Lombardy, named after the archaeologist Guido Sutermeister, who desired its foundation.

Archaeology museum
An archaeology museum is a museum that specializes in the display of archaeological artifacts.

Many archaeology museum are in the open air, such as the Ancient Agora of Athens and the Roman Forum. Others display artifacts inside buildings, such as National Museum of Beirut and Cairo's Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Some display artifacts both outside and inside, such as the Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center.

Some archaeology museums, such as the Western Australian Museum, may also exhibit maritime archaeological materials. These appear in its Shipwreck Galleries, a wing of the Maritime Museum. This last museum has also developed a 'museum-without-walls' through a series of underwater wreck trails.

An outside museum was erected at an active archaeological dig site in Nyaung-gan cemetery in Myanmar.
The Farmer's Curst Wife
The Farmer's Curst Wife is a traditional English language folk song listed as Child ballad number 278 and number 160 in the Roud Folk Song Index.

The lyrics of the ballad are sometimes sung to the melody of the song Lillibullero.

Robert Burns based his 1792 poem "Carle of Killyburn Braes" on the ballad.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Velda Mound
Velda Mound (8LE44) is a Native American archaeological site located in northern Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida, United States. The site was first occupied by peoples of the Fort Walton Culture (a regional variation of the Mississippian culture) in the late prehistoric period and during the protohistoric period was part of the extensive Apalachee Province of the panhandle. The site is now owned by the State of Florida and managed as a park.

Mississippian culture
The Mississippian culture was a collection of Native American societies that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1600 CE, varying regionally. It was known for building large, earthen platform mounds, and often other shaped mounds as well. It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages linked together by loose trading networks. The largest city was Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center, located in what is present-day southern Illinois.

The Mississippian way of life began to develop in the Mississippi River Valley (for which it is named). Cultures in the tributary Tennessee River Valley may have also begun to develop Mississippian characteristics at this point. Almost all dated Mississippian sites predate 1539–1540 (when Hernando de Soto explored the area), with notable exceptions being Natchez communities. These maintained Mississippian cultural practices into the 18th century.
Manayunk West station
Manayunk West, often just Manayunk, was a SEPTA Regional Rail station in Manayunk, Philadelphia. It was located on ex-Pennsylvania Railroad Schuylkill Branch and served by SEPTA's Ivy Ridge Line commuter trains. The station stood at the corner of Dupont and High, a short distance from the ex-Reading Company station at Manayunk. SEPTA suspended service beyond Cynwyd on May 27, 1986, because of poor track conditions and concerns about the Manayunk Bridge. The station has since been demolished.

Manayunk Bridge
The Manayunk Bridge (also known as the Manayunk Viaduct, Pencoyd Viaduct, and Schuylkill River Railroad Bridge) is an S-shaped former railroad bridge over the Schuylkill River, Schuylkill Canal and Schuylkill Expressway, that connects Bala Cynwyd, Montgomery County and the Manayunk neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Closed to rail traffic in 1986, it is now an extension of the Cynwyd Heritage Trail (along the river's west bank) and connects to the Schuylkill River Trail (along the east bank).
Golston
Golston is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allan Golston (fl. 1993), American accountant and businessman

Chauncey Golston (born 1998), American football player

Kedric Golston (born 1983), American football player

Kedric Golston
Kedric Golston (born May 30, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for 11 seasons with the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs and was selected by the Redskins in the sixth round of the 2006 NFL draft. Golston has been the head football coach of Stone Bridge High School since 2024.
Jennifer Bradley
Jennifer Bradley is an American politician who has served as a Republican member of the Florida Senate since 2020. She represents the 6th district, encompassing Baker, Bradford, Clay, Columbia, Gilchrist, and Union Counties, and part of Alachua County.

Baker County, Florida
Baker County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,259. Its county seat is Macclenny. The county was founded in 1861 and is named for James McNair Baker, a judge and Confederate Senator. Baker County is included in the Jacksonville metropolitan area. In 1864, the Battle of Olustee, which was the only major American Civil War battle in Florida, was fought near Lake City in Baker County.
Moisés Barack
Moisés Barack Caycho (Ica, 26 December 1943 – Lima, 9 April 2024) was a Peruvian football player and manager.

Nicknamed Moshé, he was the coach of Peru between 1984 and 1985 and managed numerous clubs in his native country as well as in Bolivia.

Ica, Peru
Ica (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈika]) (Quechua: Ika) is a city and the capital of the Department of Ica in southern Peru. While the area was long inhabited by varying cultures of indigenous peoples, the Spanish conquistador Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera claimed its founding in 1563.

As of the 2017 census, it had a population of over 282,407. The city suffered extensive damage and loss of life during the 2007 Peru earthquake.
Quality Hotel Oppdal
Quality Hotel Oppdal, formerly Opdal Turisthotell, is a hotel in Oppdal in Oppdal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. Part of the Choice Hotels, it was established in 1924 by Norsk Spisevognselskap, a state-owned enterprise which ran railway restaurants. The hotel is next to Oppdal Station on the Dovre Line

Choice Hotels
Choice Hotels International, Inc. is an American multinational hospitality company based in North Bethesda, Maryland. The company, which is one of the largest hotel chains in the world, owns various hotel brands ranging from upscale to economy. As of the end of 2024, Choice Hotels franchised nearly 7,600 hotels, representing over 650,000 rooms, in 46 countries and territories.
Fly Hard Trikes SkyCycle
The Fly Hard Trikes SkyCycle was an American ultralight trike, designed by Mike Theeke and produced by Fly Hard Trikes of Wildwood, Georgia. The aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft and several hundred were completed and flown. Production ended with the owner's death in 2020.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
Walter Michel
Walter Michel (November 26, 1888 – September 30, 1969) was a Swiss chess master.

He took 4th at Berne 1925 (Quadrangular, Alexander Alekhine won), won the Swiss Championship at Geneva 1926, took 17th at Semmering 1926 (Rudolf Spielmann won), and took 4th at Le Pont (Quadrangular, Paul Johner won).

Michel played for Switzerland in Chess Olympiads:

In 1927 at reserve board in the 1st Chess Olympiad in London (+2 –1 =1);

In 1928 at reserve board in the 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague (+6 –3 =2);

In 1931 at reserve board in the 4th Chess Olympiad in Prague (+5 –3 =7);

In 1935 at third board in the 6th Chess Olympiad in Warsaw (+2 –9 =4).

6th Chess Olympiad
The 6th Chess Olympiad (Polish: 6. Olimpiada szachowa), organized by the FIDE and comprising an open and (unofficial) women's tournament, as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between August 16 and August 31, 1935, in Warsaw, Poland. The famous retired Polish master Dawid Przepiórka took the major responsibility as a chairman of Organizing Committee.

The Women's World Chess Championship also took place during the Olympiad.
May We All
"May We All" is a song recorded by American country music group Florida Georgia Line and country music artist Tim McGraw. It is the second single from the duo's third studio album, Dig Your Roots, which was released on August 26, 2016. The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Jamie Moore. "May We All" was first released for sale on July 16, 2016, by Republic Nashville as an album and released as a single to radio in August.

Rodney Clawson
Rodney Dale Clawson (born in Gruver, Texas, United States) is an American country music songwriter. Clawson has written singles recorded by Kenny Chesney, Jason Aldean, Faith Hill, George Strait and Luke Bryan, among others.
Aydar, Belgorod Oblast
Aydar (Russian: Айдар) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aydarskoye Rural Settlement, Rovensky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,183 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Tom Hennesy
Tom Hennesy (August 4, 1923 – May 23, 2011) was an American actor and stuntman. He is known for playing the Gill-man (on land) in Revenge of the Creature, the second installment of the Creature from the Black Lagoon trilogy.

The War Wagon
The War Wagon is a 1967 American Western heist film directed by Burt Kennedy and starring John Wayne and Kirk Douglas. Released by Universal Pictures, it was produced by Marvin Schwartz and adapted by Clair Huffaker from his own novel. The supporting cast includes Howard Keel, Robert Walker Jr., Keenan Wynn, Bruce Cabot, Joanna Barnes, Valora Noland, Bruce Dern, and Gene Evans. The film received generally positive reviews.

Filming took place in Sierra de Órganos National Park in the town of Sombrerete, Mexico. Kennedy called it "a big success."
6th Macondo Awards
The 6th Macondo Awards ceremony, presented by the Colombian Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences, honored the best audiovisual productions of 2017. It took place on December 12, 2017, at the Faenza Theatre in Bogotá. The ceremony awarded 16 categories and was broadcast by Señal Colombia.

The film Guilty Men won the award for Best Film.

Señal Colombia
Señal Colombia (Spanish pronunciation: [seɲˈal kolˈombja]) is a Colombian public Terrestrial television channel, which offers opinion, informative, entertainment, educational, sports and cultural content and is part of RTVC Sistema de Medios Públicos.
Copiula tyleri
Copiula tyleri is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to northeastern New Guinea and is found in both Western New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains) and Papua New Guinea (Bewani, Torricelli, Hunstein, and Adelbert Ranges). The specific name tyleri honours Michael J. Tyler, Australian herpetologist who have worked extensively with Australian and New Guinean frogs.

Torricelli Range
The Torricelli Mountains are a mountain range in Sandaun Province, north-western Papua New Guinea. The highest peak in the range is Mount Sulen at 1650 meters. The Bewani Mountains are located to the west, and the Prince Alexander Mountains are located to the east. To the north, the mountains slope down to the Pacific Ocean, and to the south lies the basin of the Sepik River. The mountains are named after the Italian physicist and mathematician Evangelista Torricelli during the German colonial period.

Dozens of Torricelli languages are spoken within this mountain range.
Electoral district of Eureka
The Electoral district of Eureka is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in Australia. It was created in the redistribution of electoral boundaries in 2021, and came into effect at the 2022 Victorian state election.

It largely covers the area of the abolished district of Buninyong, covering the east and southeast suburbs of Ballarat, including the suburbs of Eureka, Brown Hill, Ballarat East, Golden Point, Canadian, Mount Pleasant, Mount Clear, Mount Helen and Buninyong. It also covers large parts of the Golden Plains Shire and Moorabool Shire areas, including the towns of Ballan, Bacchus Marsh, Meredith, Lethbridge, Teesdale and Inverleigh.

The abolished seat of Buninyong was held by Labor MP Michaela Settle, who recontested Eureka and retained the seat at the 2022 election.

Inverleigh
Inverleigh is a town in Victoria,  Australia located 28 kilometres (17 mi) west from the City of Geelong and 87 kilometres (54 mi) from the state capital, Melbourne. The town is divided between Golden Plains Shire and Surf Coast Shire. In the 2021 census, the central area of Inverleigh had a population of 1,746. Inverleigh is known to be a popular stopover destination on the way to Lorne and Geelong.

Since the mid-1970s Inverleigh has become a dormitory suburb of Geelong. Development of larger blocks to the north of town has led to a doubling of residents in the last 25 years. Some residents have decided that it is feasible to commute to Melbourne.  The opening of the Geelong Ring Road improved access to Melbourne which is now a 70-minute drive away.
Thunder Girl
Thunder Girl (AKA: Molly Wilson) is a superheroine in Big Bang Comics who first appeared in Big Bang Comics #2 (Summer 1994), created by Chris Ecker and Sheldon Moldoff. Thunder Girl is a pastiche of Mary Marvel of DC Comics.

Sheldon Moldoff
Sheldon "Shelly" Moldoff (/ˈmoʊldɒf/; April 14, 1920 – February 29, 2012) was an American comics artist best known for his early work on the DC Comics characters Hawkman and Hawkgirl, and as one of Bob Kane's primary "ghost artists" (uncredited collaborators) on the superhero Batman. He co-created the Batman supervillains Poison Ivy, Mr. Freeze, the second Clayface, and Bat-Mite, as well as the original heroes Bat-Girl, Batwoman, and Ace the Bat-Hound. Moldoff is the sole creator of the Black Pirate.