hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michigan Public
Michigan Public (known until 2024 as Michigan Radio) is a network of five FM public radio stations operated by the University of Michigan through its broadcasting arm, Michigan Public Media. The network is a founding member of National Public Radio and an affiliate of Public Radio International, American Public Media, and BBC World Service. Its main studio is located on West Williams Street in Ann Arbor, with satellite studios at the William S. White Building on the campus of the University of Michigan–Flint on Harrison Street in Flint and offices at the Meijer Public Broadcast Center in the Eberhard Center on on the Robert C. Pew campus of Grand Valley State University on Fulton Street West in Grand Rapids. It currently airs news and talk, which it has since July 1, 1996. The combined footprint of the five stations covers most of the southern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, from Muskegon to Detroit. All five stations broadcast in HD, albeit without any digital subchannels.

Meijer
Meijer Inc. (/ˈmaɪ.ər/, MY-ər) is an American regional supercenter chain that primarily operates in the Midwestern United States. Its corporate headquarters are in Walker, Michigan. Founded in 1934 as a supermarket chain, Meijer is credited with pioneering the modern supercenter concept in 1962. About half of the company's 259 stores are located in Michigan; the others are in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The chain is ranked by Forbes as the 14th-largest private company in the United States, and is the country's 23rd-largest retailer by revenue as of 2025.
Charles Loch
Charles Ramsay Fleming Loch (11 February 1825 – 7 July 1892) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and clergyman.

The son of William Loch, was born at Edinburgh in February 1825. He was educated at both the Edinburgh Academy and Rugby School. He later matriculated to University College, Oxford in 1844. While studying at Oxford, he made five appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University between 1845 and 1848, including two appearances in The University Match. He scored 37 runs in his five appearances, in addition to taking 6 wickets.

After graduating from Oxford, Seymour took holy orders in the Church of England. He was reverend at Berhampore in British India. Loch died in Scotland at Dumfries in July 1892.

Dumfries
Dumfries (Scots: /dʌmˈfriːs/ ⓘ dum-FREESS; from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˌt̪un ˈfɾʲiʃ]) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, 25 miles (40 km) from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire.

Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce killed his rival John Comyn III of Badenoch at Greyfriars Kirk in the town in 1306. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here towards the end of 1745. In World War II, the Norwegian armed forces in exile in Britain largely consisted of a brigade in Dumfries.

Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South. This is also the name of the town's football club. People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers.
Sam and Friends
Sam and Friends is an American live-action and puppet sketch comedy television series and a lead-in to The Tonight Show created by puppeteer Jim Henson and his eventual wife Jane Henson. It marks the debut of The Muppets franchise, particularly Kermit the Frog.

The show aired live twice daily as a local series in Washington, D.C., on WRC-TV in black and white, and later color, on weeknights from May 9, 1955, to December 15, 1961. However, due to network budget issues, most of the original episodes were never preserved to film/kinescope and are considered lost.

A few of the show's surviving episodes can be viewed at the Paley Center for Media, but many can also be found on video websites like YouTube, such as those digitally archived by the Jim Henson Company. Some have also been documented by either the Henson Archives or newspaper articles published while the show was still on air.

Lost television broadcast
Lost television broadcasts are television programs that were not preserved after their original airing, rendering them permanently unavailable for both public and private screening. Because of this, they are considered a form of lost media, particularly affecting television shows or films that aired before the widespread use of home video recording and digital archiving. A significant portion of early television programming was never recorded, largely because recording equipment was unavailable or the content was considered to have little monetary or historical value.
Hollywood Garden Club
The Hollywood Garden Club, also known as the Sunday School House of First Church of Christ, Scientist, is a historic building in Hollywood, southeastern Florida. It is located at 2940 Hollywood Boulevard.  It was built in 1927 and moved to its current location in 1959. In 1960, the garden club hosted the Seventh Annual Conservation Conference of the Florida Federation of Garden Clubs and in subsequent years engaged in numerous civic activities, such as beautification projects and anti-litter campaigns. On February 23, 1999 the four remaining members of the garden club deeded the building to the City of Hollywood. On February 15, 2005, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Hollywood, Florida
Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb in the Miami metropolitan area. The population of Hollywood was 153,067 as of 2020, making it the third-largest city in Broward County.
Hernán Díaz (writer)
Hernan Diaz (Spanish: [eɾˈnan ˈdi.as]; born 1973) is an American writer. His 2023 novel, Trust, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. His 2017 novel In the Distance was a finalist for the same Pulitzer Prize, as well as the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. He also received a Whiting Award.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Coffea benghalensis
Coffea benghalensis is a species of Coffea found in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal.

It is primarily found in tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests in damp areas such as along streams, but can also be found in dry mixed forests and sal (Shorea robusta) forests such as the Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary in West Bengal, as well as monsoon forests, where it forms a thick undergrowth layer. It is a common species throughout its range in areas such as the forests of West Bengal and Meghalaya, and in some areas such as the Gandaki River basin in Nepal, it is a major component of the shrub flora.

It is often found in disturbed sites such as degraded sal forests as well as waste areas, indicating a degree of tolerance to habitat disturbance. However, it may be threatened in some areas by habitat destruction for agricultural and urban expansion, and some of its major habitats such as the Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests have been highly impacted by this.

Gandaki River
The Gandaki River, also known as the Narayani and Gandak, is one of the major rivers in Nepal and a left-bank tributary of the Ganges in India. Its total catchment area is 46,300 km2 (17,900 sq mi), most of it in Nepal. In the Nepal Himalayas, the Gandaki is notable for its deep canyon. The basin also contains three mountains over 8,000 m (26,000 ft), namely Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna Massif. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin. In its upper reaches, the river is known as Kali Gandaki (or Gandaki) as it flows through the Mustang District and the famous Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal.  When the river reaches the Terai plains of Nepal, it is referred to as the Narayani River. This name change typically occurs near the confluence with the Trishuli River at Devghat in Chitwan. Upon entering India, the river is known as the Gandak River.
9799 Thronium
9799 Thronium, provisional designation: 1996 RJ, is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp and the parent body of a small, unnamed asteroid family (006), approximately 68 kilometers (42 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 September 1996, by American astronomer Timothy Spahr at the Catalina Station of the Steward Observatory near Tucson, Arizona, in the United States. The assumed C-type asteroid belongs to the 50 largest Jupiter trojans and has a relatively long rotation period of 21.52 hours. It was named for the ancient Greek city of Thronium mentioned in the Iliad.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Springboard for the Arts
Springboard for the Arts is a not-for-profit arts service organization based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Springboard for the Arts provides arts-related resources to independent artists and arts organizations including professional development education and workshops, fiscal sponsorship, micro-lending, health care resources, and career consultations.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Think Like a Man (soundtrack)
Think Like a Man is the soundtrack to the 2012 romantic comedy film of the same name. The album was released on April 17, 2012, through Epic Records, and featured contributions from Jennifer Hudson, John Legend, Ne-Yo, Keri Hilson, Kelly Rowland, Marcus Canty and Future, along with guest appearances from Rick Ross, Ludacris, Bei Maejor. Besides original songs, the album also consisted songs from Earth, Wind & Fire and Luther Vandross that was released in 1975 and 1981.

Think Like a Man
Think Like a Man is a 2012 American romantic comedy film directed by Tim Story, written by Keith Merryman and David A. Newman, and produced by Will Packer. It was based on Steve Harvey's 2009 book Act Like a Lady, Think Like a Man. The film stars an ensemble cast, featuring Kevin Hart, Meagan Good, Jerry Ferrara, Regina Hall, Michael Ealy, Terrence J, Taraji P. Henson, Romany Malco, Chris Brown, and Gabrielle Union.

The film was released on April 20, 2012, by Screen Gems. It received mixed reviews from critics, who complimented the film's humor, its soundtrack and the performances of the cast (particularly those of Good, Malco and Hart) but received criticism for being a "standard romcom". The film was a commercial success, grossing $96.1 million against a $12 million budget. A direct sequel, Think Like a Man Too, was released on June 20, 2014, with the original cast returning, to negative reviews from critics but was a moderate commercial success.
Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps
59°57′14″N 30°18′50″E﻿ / ﻿59.9539°N 30.3138°E﻿ / 59.9539; 30.3138

The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps (Russian: Военно-исторический музей артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи), also known simply as the Artillery Museum, is a state-owned military museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Its collections – consisting of Russian military equipment, uniforms and decorations – are hosted in the Kronverk (a crownwork of the Peter and Paul Fortress) situated on the right bank of the Neva near Alexander Park. The museum is managed by the Russian Ministry of Defence.

Crownwork
A crownwork is an element of the trace italienne system of fortification and is effectively an expanded hornwork (a type of outwork).  It consists of a full bastion with the walls on either side ending in half bastions from which longer flank walls run back towards the main fortress.

The crownwork was used to extend the fortified area in a particular direction, often in order to defend a bridge, prevent the enemy occupying an area of high ground, or simply strengthen the overall fortifications in the expected direction of attack.
Loughborough Students' Union
Loughborough Students' Union (otherwise known as LSU) is the students' union serving members from Loughborough University, Loughborough College and the RNIB College Loughborough.

The Union was unique amongst British universities, in that its premises were owned by the students themselves. In 2022, the Union was purchased by the University. The union building sits in the North-Eastern corner of the campus, and consists of two floors. The Union is managed on a day-to-day basis by the Executive, with scrutiny from the Democracy and Representation Committee.

National Union of Students (United Kingdom)
The National Union of Students (NUS) is a confederation of student unions across the United Kingdom. Approximately 600 student unions are affiliated, accounting for more than 95% of all higher and further education unions in the UK. Although the National Union of Students is the central organization for all affiliated unions in the UK, there are also the devolved national sub-bodies: NUS Scotland in Scotland, NUS Wales (UCM Cymru) in Wales and NUS-USI in Northern Ireland (the latter being jointly administered by Aontas na Mac Léinn in Éirinn).

NUS is a member of the European Students' Union.
This Modern World
This Modern World is a weekly satirical comic strip by cartoonist and political commentator Tom Tomorrow (real name Dan Perkins) that covers current events from a left-wing point of view. Published continuously for more than 30 years, This Modern World appears regularly in more than 80 newspapers across the United States and Canada as of 2015, as well as in The Nation, The Nib, Truthout, and the Daily Kos.

This Modern World has won a number of awards, including the Society of Professional Journalists James Madison Freedom of Information Award and the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award (twice); the strip was a finalist for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning.

Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award
The Robert F. Kennedy Awards for Excellence in Journalism is a journalism award named after Robert F. Kennedy and awarded by the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights. The annual awards are issued in several categories and were established in December 1968 by a group of reporters who covered Kennedy's campaigns.  Winners are judged by more than 50 journalists each year, led by a committee of six independent journalists. The awards honor reporting "on issues that reflect Robert F. Kennedy's concerns, including human rights, social justice and the power of individual action in the United States and around the world. Entries include insights into the causes, conditions and remedies of injustice and critical analysis of relevant public policies, programs, attitudes and private endeavors." The awards are known as the "poor people's Pulitzers" in media circles.
CLCN5
The H+/Cl- exchange transporter 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCN5 gene.

The chloride channel Cl-/H+ exchanger is mainly expressed in the kidney, in particular in proximal tubules where it participates to the uptake of albumin and low-molecular-weight proteins, which is one of the principal physiological role of proximal tubular cells. Mutations in the CLCN5 gene cause an X-linked recessive nephropathy named Dent disease (Dent disease 1 MIM#300009) characterized by excessive urinary loss of low-molecular-weight proteins and of calcium (hypercalciuria), nephrocalcinosis (presence of calcium phosphate aggregates in the tubular lumen and/or interstitium) and nephrolithiasis (kidney stones).

Proximal tubule
The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal (tubular) pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle. At this location, the glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) lining bowman's capsule abruptly transition to proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). The proximal tubule can be further classified into the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the proximal straight tubule (PST).
Karel Kaers
Karel Kaers (3 June 1914 – 20 December 1972) was a Belgian professional cyclist with 30 wins.

Kaers was born in Vosselaar.  In 1934 he became the youngest world road champion, winning in Leipzig at 20. It was the first time he had ridden the race. He also won the Tour of Flanders in 1939, and the Belgian national championship in 1937.

His last race was on the track at Ordrup, near Copenhagen, Denmark, on 9 May 1948. He finished fourth in an omnium competition.

Grote 1-MeiPrijs
The Grote 1-MeiPrijs (also named Ereprijs Victor De Bruyne) was a European single-day cycle race held in the Belgian region of Flanders, around Hoboken. From 2005, the race was organized as a 1.2 event on the UCI Europe Tour. The race was downgraded to a national event in 2014 and was not held after 2015.
SREBP cleavage-activating protein
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein, also known as SREBP cleavage-activating protein or SCAP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCAP gene.

SCAP contains a sterol-sensing domain (SSD) and seven WD domains. In cholesterol-depleted cells, this protein binds to sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and mediates their transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. The SREBPs are then proteolytically cleaved and stimulate sterol biosynthesis.

Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus (/ˈɡɒldʒi/), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. It is of particular importance in processing proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that attach various sugar monomers to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.

The Golgi apparatus was identified in 1898 by the Italian biologist and pathologist Camillo Golgi. The organelle was later named after him in the 1910s.
Mango Groove: Live in Concert
Mango Groove: Live in Concert is a concert video released by South African fusion group Mango Groove in 2011.

In addition to the 19 songs performed at the concert, the DVD includes songs, music videos, and an electronic press kit from the band's 2009 album, Bang the Drum. It also includes a digital photo montage in tribute to the Endangered Wildlife Trust, an environmental organisation in South Africa. The song "Belong" (from Bang the Drum) is the musical score for the montage. The music videos are "This Is Not a Party" and "Give It (All Day, All Night)". A third music video, for the song "Everyone's Dancing", is a collection of footage from the concert.

Press kit
A press kit, often referred to as a media kit in business environments, is a pre-packaged set of promotional materials that provide information about a person, company, organization or cause and which is distributed to members of the media for promotional use.  Press kits are often distributed to announce a release or for a news conference.
Bonnor–Ebert mass
In astrophysics, the Bonnor–Ebert mass is the largest mass that an isothermal gas sphere embedded in a pressurized medium can have while still remaining in hydrostatic equilibrium. Clouds of gas with masses greater than the Bonnor–Ebert mass must inevitably undergo gravitational collapse to form much smaller and denser objects. As the gravitational collapse of an interstellar gas cloud is the first stage in the formation of a protostar, the Bonnor–Ebert mass is an important quantity in the study of star formation.

For a gas cloud embedded in a medium with a gas pressure , the Bonnor–Ebert mass is given by

where G is the gravitational constant and  is the isothermal sound speed () with  as the molecular mass.  is a dimensionless constant which varies based on the density distribution of the cloud. For a uniform mass density  and for a centrally peaked density .

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Cat show
A cat show is a judged event where the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. Both pedigreed and companion (or moggy) cats are admissible, although the rules differ from organization to organization. Cats are compared to a breed standard, and the owners of those judged to be closest to it are awarded a prize. Moggys are judged based on their temperament. Often, at the end of the year, all of the points accrued at various shows are added up and more national and regional titles are awarded.

Breed registry
A breed registry, also known as a herdbook, studbook or register, in animal husbandry, the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known. Animals are usually registered by their breeders while they are young. The terms studbook and register are also used to refer to lists of male animals "standing at stud", that is, those animals actively breeding, as opposed to every known specimen of that breed. Such registries usually issue certificates for each recorded animal, called a pedigree, pedigreed animal documentation, or most commonly, an animal's "papers". Registration papers may consist of a simple certificate or a listing of ancestors in the animal's background, sometimes with a chart showing the lineage.