hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electric dipole spin resonance
Electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) is a method to control the magnetic moments inside a material using quantum mechanical effects like the spin–orbit interaction. Mainly, EDSR allows to flip the orientation of the magnetic moments through the use of electromagnetic radiation at resonant frequencies. EDSR was first proposed by Emmanuel Rashba.

Computer hardware employs the electron charge in transistors to process information and the electron magnetic moment or spin for magnetic storage devices. The emergent field of spintronics aims in unifying the operations of these subsystems. For achieving this goal, the electron spin should be operated by electric fields. EDSR allows to use the electric component of AC fields to manipulate both charge and spin.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Tim Prentice (designer)
Tim Prentice (born c. 1964) is an American industrial designer and president of Motonium Design in California. Prentice holds a B.S. in industrial technology from California State University, Chico (1987) and is a graduate of Art Center College of Design's transportation program (1990). He has also been an instructor at Art Center for industrial design and illustration, as well as a guest lecturer at Stanford University.

Prentice was motorcycle designer of the 2009 Triumph Thunderbird motorcycle, Mission Motors' 2010 Mission R electric motorcycle, and the 2011 Triumph Speed Triple. Prentice and his firm won the Red Dot and Core77 industrial design awards in 2011 (respectively) for the Mission R.

California State University, Chico
California State University, Chico (Chico State) is a public university in Chico, California, United States. It was founded in 1887 as one of about 180 "normal schools" founded by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. Some closed but most steadily expanded their role and became state colleges in the early 20th century and state universities in the late 20th century. It is the second oldest campus in the California State University system. As of the fall 2020 semester, the university had a total enrollment of 16,630 students. The university offers 126 bachelor's degree programs, 35 master's degree programs, and four types of teaching credentials. Chico is a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI).
Recknitz-Trebeltal
Recknitz-Trebeltal is an Amt in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Tribsees.

The Amt Recknitz-Trebeltal consists of the following municipalities:

Bad Sülze

Dettmannsdorf

Deyelsdorf

Drechow

Eixen

Grammendorf

Gransebieth

Hugoldsdorf

Lindholz

Tribsees

54°07′59″N 12°55′01″E﻿ / ﻿54.133°N 12.917°E﻿ / 54.133; 12.917

Drechow
Drechow is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Drechow is approximately 184 km by road north of Germany's capital, Berlin, and is very close to the city of Bad Sülze which is of historical significance and known for its Salt Museum and spa system.
Denis O'Connor (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Sir Denis Stuart Scott Rory O'Connor, KBE, CB (2 July 1907 – 18 January 1988) was a senior British Army officer who served as General Officer Commanding Aldershot District from 1960 to 1961.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Trolleybuses in St. Gallen
The St. Gallen trolleybus system (Alemannic German: Trolleybussystem St. Gallen) forms part of the public transport network of St. Gallen, the capital city of the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland.

Opened in 1950, the system is currently operated by Verkehrsbetriebe St.Gallen (VBSG).  As of 2012, it consists of a cross-city line and three radial lines, all of which meet at St. Gallen railway station, and has a total route length of 22.6 km (14.0 mi).

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
The Mask Singer (Thai TV series) season 3
The Mask Singer Season 3 (Thai: The Mask Singer หน้ากากนักร้อง ซีซันที่ 3) is a Thai singing competition program presented by Kan Kantathavorn. It aired on Workpoint TV on Thursday at 20:15 from 7 September 2017 to 1 February 2018.

Workpoint TV
Workpoint Channel (Thai: ช่องเวิร์คพอยท์) is a national digital terrestrial television station in Thailand, operated by Thai Broadcasting Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Workpoint Entertainment Public Company Limited. The channel provides general programming in standard definition, with a primary focus on game shows and variety shows. Many of its programs were previously produced and aired on other free-to-air television channels before being moved to this channel.
Strandby railway station
Strandby station is a railway station serving the small coastal town of Strandby by the Ålbæk Bay in Vendsyssel, Denmark. The station is situated in the southwestern part of the town, c. 1 km (0.62 mi) from Strandby's busy fishing port.

Opened in 1924, the station is located on the Skagensbanen railway line from Skagen to Frederikshavn, between Rimmen railway halt and Frederikshavn station. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Nordjyske Jernbaner which run frequent local train services between Skagen station and Frederikshavn station.

Vendsyssel
Vendsyssel (Danish pronunciation: [ˈvenˌsysl̩]) is the northernmost traditional district of Denmark and of Jutland. Being divided from mainland Jutland by the Limfjord, it is technically a part of the North Jutlandic Island which also comprises the areas Hanherred and Thy. Vendsyssel is part of the North Denmark Region.

Vendsyssel neighbours Hanherred to the southwest and Himmerland to the south, across the Limfjord. Whether the island Læsø is also a part of Vendsyssel, is a matter of definition. The major towns of Vendsyssel are Hjørring, Frederikshavn, Brønderslev, Sæby, Hirtshals, Løkken Vodskov, and, on its northern tip, Skagen. The dominating city is, however, Aalborg which is mainly situated outside Vendsyssel on the southern shore of the Limfjord with Nørresundby as a secondary, northern centre.
Al-Mukhtariya
Al-Mukhtariya is a small town in the Latakia Governorate of Syria, primarily inhabited by members of the Alawite community. Historically, Latakia and its surrounding areas have been a stronghold for the Alawite minority, which includes the family of former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The region has been central to various conflicts in Syria due to its strategic and symbolic importance.

During the Syrian Civil War and its aftermath, Al-Mukhtariya became a site of significant military and political activity. In recent years, particularly after the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024, the town has witnessed heightened tensions and violence. On 7 March 2025, it was one of the locations where mass executions of Alawite men occurred during clashes between the transitional government forces and pro-Assad loyalists. These events highlight the ongoing instability and sectarian challenges in post-Assad Syria.

Latakia Governorate
Latakia Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة اللاذقية Muḥāfaẓat al-Lādhiqīyah), officially known as Lattakia Governorate, and also transliterated as Ladhakia, is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay Province to the north, Idlib and Hama Governorate to the east, Tartus Governorate to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its reported area varies in different sources from 2,297 km2 (887 sq mi) to 2,437 km2 (941 sq mi). The governorate has a population of 1,008,000 (2011 estimate).
Offenbach (Main) Hauptbahnhof
Offenbach am Main Hauptbahnhof is a railway station serving the German city of Offenbach am Main. It is located on the Frankfurt–Göttingen railway between Frankfurt and Hanau on the south bank of the Main. It is also the starting point of the Rodgau Railway, via Obertshausen, Rodgau and Ober-Roden to Dieburg (originally to Reinheim).

Rodgau
Rodgau (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔtɡaʊ] ⓘ) is a town in the Offenbach district in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany. It lies southeast of Frankfurt am Main in the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region and has the greatest population of any municipality in the Offenbach district. It came into being in 1979 when the greater community of Greater Rodgau was raised to the status of a town, after having been formed through a merger of five formerly self-administering communities in the framework of municipal reform in Hesse in 1977. The current constituent communities’ history reaches back to the 8th century.
Petr Svoboda (ice hockey, born 1980)
Petr Svoboda (born June 20, 1980) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman. He was drafted in the second round, 35th overall, by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. His previous clubs were Dukla Jihlava and HC Oceláři Třinec. He played eighteen games in the National Hockey League with the Maple Leafs in the 2000–01 season.

HC Oceláři Třinec
HC Oceláři Třinec (Třinec Steelers) is a Czech ice hockey team from Třinec who play in the Czech Extraliga, the top tier of Czech ice hockey. Their home arena is the Werk Arena. The team's main sponsors are the local Třinec Iron and Steel Works

The team has won the Czech Extraliga six times, most recently in the 2023–24 season. The last five title wins came in consecutive years, winning 16 straight playoff series in the process.
Porkkalanniemi
Porkkalanniemi (Swedish: Porkala udd), often referred to simply as Porkkala (Porkala), is a peninsula in the Gulf of Finland, located at Kirkkonummi (Kyrkslätt) in Southern Finland.

The peninsula had great strategic value, as coastal artillery based there would be able to shoot more than halfway across the Gulf of Finland. If the same power controlled the Estonian coast, on the opposite side of the gulf, it would then be able to block Saint Petersburg's naval access to the Baltic Sea. The distance to Estonia at the closest point is only 36 km (22 mi). Porkkala is furthermore located only 30 kilometers (19 mi) from Helsinki, the Finnish capital, and a foreign power based there would be able to exert significant pressure on the Finnish government.

Nowadays, the coasts of the peninsula are popular birdwatching areas during the spring migrations of Arctic geese and other waterfowl.

Finnish Government
The Finnish Government (Finnish: Suomen valtioneuvosto; Swedish: Finlands statsråd; lit. 'Finland's council of state') is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland, which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament. The Government has collective ministerial responsibility and represents Finland in the Council of the European Union. In the incumbent Orpo Cabinet, the Government comprises 19 ministers leading 12 ministries.

Majority coalition governments have become the foundation of the Finnish Government; apart from a few historical exceptions, a Government is usually assembled by the representatives of two major parties and a number of smaller parties.
Lariboisière Hospital
Lariboisière Hospital (French: Hôpital Lariboisière, pronounced [opital laʁibwazjɛʁ]) is a hospital in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, France.

The hospital was one of several built following the second cholera pandemic, which had reached Paris in 1832, and which led to a new emphasis on hygienic practices in hospitals. It was built from 1846 to 1853 under architect Pierre Gauthier, with six buildings arranged around a central courtyard, connected by colonnaded walkways. The grounds include the funeral monument, by Carlo Marochetti, of Élisa de Lariboisière, who donated a large portion of the funds for the hospital's construction.

It is a teaching hospital of Université Paris Cité.

(See also:Chapel of Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris)

10th arrondissement of Paris
The 10th arrondissement of Paris (Xe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, the arrondissement is referred to as le dixième ([dizjɛm]; "the tenth", formally le dixième arrondissement de Paris). In 2020, it had a population of 83,459.

The arrondissement, called Entrepôt (warehouse), is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. It contains two of the seven large mainline railway stations of Paris: the Gare du Nord and the Gare de l'Est. Built during the 19th century, these two termini are among the busiest in Europe. The 10th arrondissement also contains a large portion of the Canal Saint-Martin, linking the northeastern parts of Paris with the Seine.

The current mayor of the 10th arrondissement is Alexandra Cordebard since 2017.
Ulmus 'Turkestanica'
The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Turkestanica' was first described by Regel as U. turkestanica in Dieck, Hauptcat. Baumschul. Zöschen (1883) and in Gartenflora (1884). Regel himself stressed that "U. turkestanica was only a preliminary name given by me; I regard this as a form of U. suberosa" [:U. minor ]. Litvinov (Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae, 1908) considered U. turkestanica Regel a variety of his U. densa (now considered in Russia a form of field elm), adding that its fruits were "like those of U. foliacea Gilibert" [:U. minor].

'Turkestanica' was distributed in Europe as U. turkestanica Regel by the Späth nursery of Berlin from c.1890, in whose catalogues it was listed separately from U. pinnato-ramosa, now U. pumila 'Pinnato-ramosa', and from U. campestris umbraculifera. It was later confused with these two – with 'Pinnato-ramosa' by Elwes and Henry (1913) and Krüssmann (1976), and with 'Umbraculifera' by Green (1964).

Eduard August von Regel
Eduard August von Regel (also spelled Edward von Regel, Edward de Regel or Édouard von Regel; Russian: Эдуард Август Фон Регель; 13 August 1815 – 15 April 1892) was a German horticulturalist and botanist. He ended his career serving as the Director of the Russian Imperial Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg. As a result of naturalists and explorers sending back biological collections, Regel was able to describe and name many previously unknown species from frontiers around the world.
Brian Worthington
Brian Worthington FRS FRCR (9 June 1938 – 9 December 2007) was the first radiologist to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and is acknowledged as a pioneer in clinical magnetic resonance imaging. He was born in Oldham, England and was educated at Hulme Grammar School, training at Guy's Hospital after graduating in physiology and medicine. After graduation his career developed rapidly, particularly in the field of MRI research and he was subsequently admitted as a Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists.

Hulme Grammar School
Hulme Grammar School (formerly Oldham Hulme Grammar School) is a private school in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.

Principals in recent years include Dr Paul Neeson (2008-2014), Craig Mairs (2014-2022), and Kirsten Pankhurst (2023–present). The school was rebranded to Hulme Grammar School in 2023, with a new logo and uniform and website.
2025 Snap-on Milwaukee Mile 250
The 2025 Snap-on Milwaukee Mile 250 was the sixteenth and penultimate round of the 2025 IndyCar season. The race was held on August 24, 2025, in West Allis, Wisconsin at the Milwaukee Mile. The race was contested at 250 laps. Christian Rasmussen won the race, his first career victory, Álex Palou finished 2nd, and Scott McLaughlin finished 3rd. Alexander Rossi and Pato O'Ward rounded out the top five, while Christian Lundgaard, Josef Newgarden, David Malukas, Scott Dixon, and Marcus Armstrong rounded out the top ten.

David Malukas
David Joseph Malukas (born September 27, 2001) is an American racing driver who competes in the IndyCar Series driving the No. 12 Chevrolet for Team Penske. He previously drove for A.J. Foyt Racing in 2025 and Meyer Shank Racing in 2024 and Dale Coyne Racing in 2022 and 2023.
Visa policy of Andorra
The Andorran government imposes no visa requirements on its visitors, and requires only a passport or European Union national identity card for entrance. However, since the country is accessible only via the Schengen countries of Spain or France, entrance is not possible without entering the Schengen area first, and the Schengen visa rules can therefore be regarded as applying de facto. Because Andorra is not part of the Schengen area, a multiple entry visa is required to re-enter the Schengen area when leaving Andorra.

There are no airports for fixed-wing aircraft within Andorra's borders, but there are heliports at La Massana (Camí Heliport), Arinsal and Escaldes-Engordany with commercial helicopter services. Because of the need to go to a border control if flying outside Andorra, these helicopter services go to airports.

Escaldes–Engordany
Escaldes–Engordany (Catalan pronunciation: [esˈkaldez aŋɡoɾˈðaɲ]) is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. The Escaldes–Engordany parish was founded in 1978 by being separated from Andorra la Vella. The parish is composed of the areas les Escaldes, Engordany, Els Vilars d'Engordany, Engolasters, and El Fener. As of 2014 it has a population of 13,634, the second largest population after Andorra la Vella. Notable events include the 8 May feast of Sant Miquel d'Engolasters which the people decided to make a local holiday starting in 2025.

It borders four parishes: Encamp to the north and northeast, Sant Julià de Lòria in the southwest, Andorra la Vella in the west, and La Massana in the northwest. Escaldes–Engordany also borders Spain in the east, south and southeast.
Sieur de Bruno
The Sieur de Bruno (or Sieur Bruno, often misspelled Bourno in English works) was a French adventurer and diplomat of the 18th century. He took an important role in developing French influence in Burma, and in leading French efforts at supporting the Mons during their conflicts against the Burmese.

The Governor-General of French India Joseph François Dupleix had started to show interest in Burma since 1727, on account of the country's abundance in teak and crude oil. As a result, a French shipyard was established in the city of Syriam in 1729, building ships for Pondicherry. The shipyard was abandoned in 1742 due  to the revolt of the Mon.

Bago, Myanmar
Bago (formerly spelled Pegu; Burmese: ပဲခူးမြို့, MLCTS: pai: khu: mrui., IPA: [bəɡó mjo̰]), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located 91 kilometres (57 mi) north-east of Yangon. The city had a population of 179,505 people in 2019 and was a historical capital of the Taungoo Dynasty and is known for its large pagodas.
Yazdi cake
Yazdi cake is a cake native to Yazd in central Iran and is mostly used in Yazd Province itself for different ceremonies.

Its main ingredients are egg, sugar, solid oil or butter, white flour, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, baking powder, yogurt, milk, cardamom and if needed raisins and sliced up pistachio.

In Iran, Yazdi cake is especially used during social visits and daily tea rituals: it is commonly served alongside hot Persian tea (chai) when guests drop by, embodying the tradition of Iranian hospitality.

Pistachio
The pistachio (/pɪˈstɑːʃioʊ, -ˈstæʃ-/, UK also /pɪˈstætʃ(i)oʊ/; Pistacia vera) is a small to medium-sized tree  of the cashew family. The tree produces seeds that are widely consumed as food.

In 2022, world production of pistachios was one million tonnes, with the United States, Iran, and Turkey combined accounting for 88% of the total.
Break the Silence: The Movie
Break the Silence: The Movie (Korean: 브레이크 더 사일런스: 더 무비) is a 2020 South Korean concert documentary film directed by Park Jun-soo and produced by Big Hit Three Sixty, featuring the behind-the-scenes of boy band BTS' 2018–2019 Love Yourself World Tour. Promoted as the sequel to the band's 2019 film Bring the Soul: The Movie, it was released on September 10, 2020, in select countries, with distribution handled by Trafalgar Releasing. The film is an adaptation of the band's third documentary series, Break the Silence: Docu-Series, released on the fan platform Weverse in May.

Weverse
Weverse (Korean: 위버스; RR: wibeoseu) is a South Korean mobile app and web platform created by South Korean entertainment company Hybe Corporation. The app specializes in hosting multimedia content, the sale of artist-related merchandise, content subscription, and artist-to-fan communications for artists.

Weverse hosts a variety of free and paid content including educational and entertainment videos, Instagram Story-style updates, and artist-to-fan interactions and communities for users to connect with each other. The app is also used to publish official statements by Hybe (formerly Big Hit Entertainment) on behalf of artists signed with its labels.

The software was developed by Hybe's technology subsidiary Weverse Company (formerly beNX). As of 2023, Weverse has over 10 million monthly users.