hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Highland barley
Highland barley, Tibetan barley or Himalayan barley (Tibetan: ནས་; Wylie: nas; Chinese: 青稞; qīngkē, or 藏青稞; zàng qīngkē) is the principal cereal cultivated on the Tibetan Plateau, used mainly to make tsampa and liquor (chang).

Today, it is used to make beer (Lhasa Beer), flour, bread, cakes or noodles.

Three Chinese words are associated with two varieties of barley:

青稞 and 藏青稞: Hordeum aegiceras Nees ex Royle

青稞: Hordeum distichon L.

Chhaang
Chhaang or chhyang (Tibetan: ཆང་, Wylie: chang, Nepali: छ्याङ, Newar: थो:, Limbu: ᤌᤡᤡ: (Thhee in Limbu) is a Nepalese and Tibetan alcoholic beverage popular in parts of the eastern Himalayas among the Yakkha, Limbu, Dura, Newar, Sunuwar, Rai, Bhutia, Gurung, Magar, Sherpa, Tamang, Tharus and Lepcha communities. Among the Lepcha, it is called Chi. It is also known as jaarh in Nepal.
Eileen Chubb
Eileen Chubb (born 1959) is a former care assistant in the UK who became a whistleblower and then a campaigner. She has shown a particular interest in the care home sector. She has led a campaign for new legislation named Edna's Law to replace the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (PIDA) to improve legal protection for whistleblowers in the United Kingdom and for an inquiry into historic whistleblowing cases.  She and other whistleblowers claim that PIDA has failed.  Chubb has frequently stated her opposition to the proposed Office for the Whistleblower which has been recommended by Baroness Kramer and the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Whistleblowing.

Susan Kramer, Baroness Kramer
Susan Veronica Kramer, Baroness Kramer PC (née Richards; born 21 July 1950) is a British politician and life peer who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Richmond Park from 2005 to 2010. A member of the Liberal Democrats, she was their Treasury Spokesperson from 2015 to 2017 and 2017 to 2019.

Born in Holborn, Kramer was privately educated at St Paul's Girls' School before studying at St Hilda's College, University of Oxford and the University of Illinois. Prior to entering the House of Commons, she pursued a career in infrastructure finance and in 2000 was a candidate in the London mayoral election. She served as Minister of State for Transport in the Cameron–Clegg coalition.
Amanda Thane
Amanda Louise Thane OAM (18 December 1953 – 1 September 2012) was an Australian operatic soprano known for her interpretations of roles such as Violetta in Verdi's La traviata, Liù in Puccini's Turandot, Eva in Wagner's Die Meistersinger, and the title role in Donizetti's Maria Stuarda. She sang at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, from 1991 to 2000, including leading roles in Les Huguenots, The Tales of Hoffmann and La bohème.

Thane was born in Taree and studied singing at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. Her teachers included German bass-baritone Hans Hotter. She married Glenn Winslade in 1978, divorced him in 1989, but reunited with him in 1995 and embarked on what The Sydney Morning Herald described as "their wilderness years" in London, remarrying in 1999.

In 2012 she was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia.

Les Huguenots
Les Huguenots (French pronunciation: [le ˈyg(ə)no]) is an opera by Giacomo Meyerbeer and is one of the most popular and spectacular examples of grand opera. In five acts, to a libretto by Eugène Scribe and Émile Deschamps, it premiered in Paris on 29 February 1836.
Whitearmor
Ludwig Tomas Walther Rosenberg (born 25 May 1993), professionally known as Whitearmor (often stylized in lowercase or as White Armor), is a Swedish music producer, multi-instrumentalist, audio engineer and songwriter. He is best known for being a member of the Swedish music group and artist collective Drain Gang (along with Bladee, Ecco2K, Thaiboy Digital). His musical style has been described as softly textured and fluid.

Aside from producing much of Drain Gang's and adjacent artist Yung Lean's music, he has released several solo singles, as well as a full-length instrumental album in 2022,  In the Abyss: Music for Weddings. He has also collaborated with musicians such as Gud, Mechatok, Xavier Wulf, Uli K, and Working on Dying.

He is also one half of music duo VilloVilduVeta, together with Joakim Benon, a member of the Swedish band JJ.

JJ (Swedish band)
JJ, styled as jj, is a Swedish band who has released music through the Gothenburg-based independent label Sincerely Yours and the Bloomington, Indiana-based label Secretly Canadian. The band consists of Joakim Benon and Elin Kastlander.
Roman mosaic
A Roman mosaic is a mosaic made during the Roman period, throughout the Roman Republic and later Empire. Mosaics were used in a variety of private and public buildings, on both floors and walls, though they competed with cheaper frescos for the latter. They were highly influenced by earlier and contemporary Hellenistic Greek mosaics, and often included famous figures from history and mythology, such as Alexander the Great in the Alexander Mosaic.

A large proportion of the surviving examples of wall mosaics come from Italian sites such as Pompeii and Herculaneum. Otherwise, floor mosaics are far more likely to have survived, with many coming from the fringes of the Roman Empire. The Bardo National Museum in Tunis has an especially large collection from large villas in modern Tunisia.

Borders of the Roman Empire
The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were realised as a combination of military roads and linked forts, natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond.
Colin Skinner
Colin Skinner (born 1965) is a British author, adventurer and molecular biologist who is attempting to walk around the world.  As of mid-2014, he has walked over 14,500 miles (23,300 km) and has crossed Great Britain, Iceland, United States and New Zealand. He has used the walks to raise money and awareness for various causes, including conservation biology, people with disabilities, cancer relief, AIDS, and hospice.

Land's End
Land's End (Cornish: Penn an Wlas or Pedn an Wlas) is a headland and tourist and holiday complex in western Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, on the Penwith peninsula about eight miles (13 km) west-south-west of Penzance at the western end of the A30 road. To the east of it is the English Channel, and to the west the Celtic Sea.

Land's End is the most westerly point of mainland England. However, it is not the westernmost point on mainland Great Britain.  This title narrowly goes to Corrachadh Mòr in the Scottish Highlands.
Antimasque
An antimasque (also spelled antemasque) is a comic or grotesque dance presented before or between the acts of a masque, a type of dramatic composition. The antimasque is a spectacle of disorder which usually starts or precedes the masque itself and was played by professional actors while members of the court primarily performed the roles of the masque. It is characterized by impropriety and is transformed by the masque into goodness, propriety, and order, typically by the King's presence alone.  It was also contrasted with the masque by the use of the lower class as characters. This then was supposed to harmonize with the king and the higher class.
In later years, the antimasque developed into a farce or pantomime. The concept of the antemasque, or anti-masque, was originated by Ben Jonson.  Masques originally usually had one antemasque before the main masque, but later it became common to have several antemasques preceding the main masque.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
Tinker Glacier
The Tinker Glacier (74°00′S 164°50′E﻿ / ﻿74.000°S 164.833°E﻿ / -74.000; 164.833) is a 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) long glacier in Antarctica, draining the central part of the Southern Cross Mountains and flowing southeast into Wood Bay, on the coast of Victoria Land. Named by the Northern Party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1962–63, for Lieutenant Colonel Ron Tinker, leader at Scott Base during that season.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
The Thames at Twickenham
The Thames at Twickenham is a c. 1724 landscape painting by the Flemish artist Peter Tillemans. It features a panoramic depiction of the River Thames as it passes Twickenham, then a fashionable settlement to the west of London. The tower of St Mary's Church can be seen in the centre of the town on the right of the painting, with the various riverside villas depicted to the left.

Tillemans had settled in England in, and enjoyed patronage from prominent figures. He relocated to Twickenham partly for his health and produced a number of views of the riverside there. The painting may possibly have been commissioned by Alexander Pope or by the Earl of Radnor, both prominent Twickenham figures and patrons of Tillemans.

Today it is in the collection of Orleans House in Twickenham, which acquired it in 1995 through the acceptance in lieu

Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature,  Pope is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry including An Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712–1717), The Dunciad (1728–1743), and for his translations of Homer.

Pope is often quoted in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, some of his verses having entered common parlance (e.g. "damning with faint praise" or "to err is human; to forgive, divine").
Listed buildings in Sheffield S17
The S17 district lies within the City of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The district contains 39 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The district is in the south west of the city of Sheffield, and covers the areas of Bradway, Dore and Totley.

For neighbouring areas, see listed buildings in S7, listed buildings in S8, listed buildings in S11, listed buildings in Dronfield, listed buildings in Grindleford and listed buildings in Holmesfield.

Listed buildings in Dronfield
Dronfield is a civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains 44 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, four are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the town of Dronfield, the district of Dronfield Woodhouse, the village of Coal Aston, and the surrounding area.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings include churches, a churchyard cross, public houses, a former school, a milestone, a monument, and a bridge.
Christos Konstantinidis (anarchist)
Christos Konstantinidis (in Greek: Χρήστος Κωνσταντινίδης), born in 1945, is a Greek publisher, translator, and anarchist activist. He actively participated in radicalizing Athenian universities during the Greek junta (1967–1974) and was particularly involved in the Athens Polytechnic uprising (1973), an event that marked the beginning of the fall of the junta.

He is generally regarded as one of the first links between the Greek student movement and anarchism, and he holds an important place in the revival of anarchism in Greece.

Student activism
Student activism or campus activism is work by students to cause political, environmental, economic, or social change. In addition to education, student groups often play central roles in democratization and winning civil rights.

Modern student activist movements span all ages, races, socio-economic backgrounds, and political perspectives. Some student protests focus on the internal affairs of an institution (like disinvestment); others tackle wars or dictatorships. Student activism is most often associated with left-wing politics.
Katharine Burr Blodgett Medal and Prize
The Katharine Burr Blodgett Medal and Prize is a gold medal awarded annually by the Institute of Physics to "recognise contributions to the organisation or application of physics in an industrial or commercial context." The medal is accompanied by a prize of £1000.

Institute of Physics
The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a UK-based not-for-profit learned society and professional body that works to advance physics education, research and application.

It was founded in 1874 and has a worldwide membership of over 20,000. The IOP is the Physical Society for the UK and Ireland and supports physics in education, research and industry. In addition to this, the IOP provides services to its members including careers advice and professional development and grants the professional qualification of Chartered Physicist (CPhys), as well as Chartered Engineer (CEng) as a nominated body of the Engineering Council; it also holds its own separate Royal Charter. The IOP's publishing company, IOP Publishing, publishes 85 academic titles.
1919 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Gerald Patterson defeated Algernon Kingscote 6–2, 6–1, 6–3 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion Norman Brookes 6–3, 7–5, 6–2 in the challenge round to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1919 Wimbledon Championships.

Norman Brookes
Sir Norman Everard Brookes (14 November 1877 – 28 September 1968) was an Australian tennis player. During his career he won three Grand Slam singles titles; Wimbledon in 1907 and 1914 (the first non-British born individual to do so) and the Australasian Championships in 1911. Brookes was part of the Australasian Davis Cup team that won the title on six occasions. The Australian Open men's singles trophy, the Norman Brookes Challenge Cup, is named in his honour. After his active playing career Brookes became president of the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia.
Chaza Charafeddine
Chaza Charafeddine is a Lebanese artist whose works combines themes of identity, memory, and cultural heritage. Born in Tyre, her artistic work reflects an exploration of the complexities of human experience amidst the backdrop of the socio-political dynamics in the region.

Charafeddine's work spans various mediums, including painting, sculpture, and mixed media installations. Charafeddine spent the early years of her life as a dancer.

Political sociology
Political sociology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with exploring how governance and society interact and influence one another at the micro to macro levels of analysis. Interested in the social causes and consequences of how power is distributed and changes throughout and amongst societies, political sociology's focus ranges across individual families to the state as sites of social and political conflict and power contestation.
Later Liang–Jin War
The Later Liang–Jin War, or simply the Liang–Jin War (Chinese: 梁晋争霸), was a prolonged war fought in northern and central China between 884 and 923 during the late Tang dynasty and the early Five Dynasties period. The initial belligerents were the warlords Li Keyong and Zhu Wen (then known as Zhu Quanzhong), who went on to found the Former Jin dynasty and Later Liang dynasty respectively.

After their deaths, their sons Li Cunxu and Zhu Youzhen continued the hostility, which also involved other quick-to-change-allegiance warlords mainly in modern Hebei. The war ended with the conquest of Zhu Youzhen's Later Liang dynasty by Li Cunxu's Later Tang dynasty in 923, after four decades of bloodshed that left much of the fertile Central Plain region destitute.

Later Tang
Tang, known in historiography as the Later Tang (Chinese: 後唐; pinyin: Hòu Táng), was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China and the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history.

With the exception of its final ruler, the Later Tang was ruled by ethnically Shatuo Turk (沙陀) emperors. The name Tang was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the Tang dynasty.  The official start of the Later Tang dynasty is in the year 923.
Triangular election in France
In French politics, a triangular election (French: élection triangulaire) is a characteristic of the French electoral system, due to the two-round voting system for elections to the National Assembly. A triangular election occurs when three candidates from the first round have reached the retention threshold and do not withdraw in the second round. The winner of this election is determined by a relative majority. Depending on the elimination thresholds adopted for the first round, the second round may also give rise to a quadrangular election (4), or even a quinquangular (5) or sexangular election (6).

Triangular elections were particularly notable in the 2024 French legislative election between the Ensemble pour la République, New Popular Front, and the Union of the Far-Right.

Legislative elections in France
Legislative elections in France (French: élections législatives en France), or general elections (French: élections générales) per the Constitution's wording, determine who becomes Members of Parliament, each with the right to sit in the National Assembly, which is the lower house of the French Parliament.
Plamen Zhelyazkov
Plamen Jelyazkov (original name: Пламен Желязков, born (1972-05-14)14 May 1972 in Asenovgrad) is a Bulgarian male weightlifter, competing in the 77 kg category and representing Bulgaria at international competitions. He participated at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the 70 kg event. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 2003 World Weightlifting Championships.

Zhelyazkov became IWF World Weightlifter of the Year in 1998. He set five world records in the lightweight and middleweight classes from 1998-2002 – three in the snatch and two in the total.

Weightlifting at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's 70 kg
These are the results of the men's 70 kg competition in weightlifting at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.  A total of 28 athletes entered this event. The weightlifter from China won the gold, with a combined lift of 357.5 kg.
Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County
Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County (Zhuang: Lozcwngz Bouxmohlaujcuz Swci Yen, simplified Chinese: 罗城仫佬族自治县; traditional Chinese: 羅城仫佬族自治縣; pinyin: Luóchéng Mùlǎozú Zìzhìxiàn) is an ethnic Mulao county of northern Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Hechi City. It is the only Mulao autonomous county in China.

Standard Zhuang
Standard Zhuang (autonym: Vahcuengh, Zhuang pronunciation: [βa˧ɕuːŋ˧]; pre-1982 autonym: Vaƅcueŋƅ; Sawndip: 話壯; simplified Chinese: 壮语; traditional Chinese: 壯語; pinyin: Zhuàngyǔ) is the official standardized form of the Zhuang languages, which are a branch of the Northern Tai languages. Its pronunciation is based on that of the Yongbei Zhuang dialect of Shuangqiao Town in Wuming District, Guangxi with some influence from Fuliang, also in Wuming District, while its vocabulary is based mainly on northern dialects. The official standard covers both spoken and written Zhuang. It is the national standard of the Zhuang languages, though in Yunnan a local standard is used.
Schubert's compositions for violin and piano
From March 1816 to August 1817, Franz Schubert composed four violin sonatas. All four were published after the composer's death: the first three, D 384, 385 and 408, as Sonatinas in 1836 (Op. posth. 137), and the last one, D 574, as Duo in 1851 (Op. posth. 162). Schubert composed two more pieces for violin and piano, in October 1826 and December 1827 respectively: a Rondo, D 895, which was published during the composer's lifetime (Op. 70), and a Fantasy, D 934, which was premiered in January 1828, less than a year before the composer's death.

The 1816–1817 sonatas breathe an intimate atmosphere, requiring no virtuoso bravura from their performers, while the 1826–1827 pieces, composed for the Bohemian violinist Josef Slavík, have been characterized as more demanding, also for the pianist, and have a more extroverted character.

Sonatina
A sonatina (French: “sonatine”, German: “Sonatine") is a small sonata.  As a musical term, sonatina has no single strict definition; it is rather a title applied by the composer to a piece that is in basic sonata form, but is shorter and lighter in character, or technically more elementary, than a typical sonata. The term has been in use at least since the late baroque; there is a one-page, one-movement harpsichord piece by Handel called "Sonatina". It is most often applied to solo keyboard works, but a number of composers have written sonatinas for violin and piano (see list under violin sonata), for example the Sonatina in G major for Violin and Piano by Antonín Dvořák, and occasionally for other instruments, for example the Clarinet Sonatina by Malcolm Arnold.
M-106 (Michigan highway)
M-106 is a state trunkline highway in the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan in and near the city of Jackson. M-106 travels in a southwest-to-northeast direction from Jackson to Gregory at a junction with M-36 just a few miles northwest of Hell. The highway was first designated in 1928 running north out of downtown Jackson. It connected U.S. Highway 12 (US 12) to the state prison and Bunkerhill Road. A pair of changes in the early 1930s resulted in the extension eastward to Gregory. From the 1960s until the early years of the 21st century, a section of M-106 in downtown Jackson was routed along one-way streets.

Hell, Michigan
Hell is an unincorporated community in Livingston County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located within Putnam Township along Patterson Lake Road (D-32) about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Ann Arbor and three miles (4.8 km) southwest of Pinckney.  As an unincorporated community, Hell has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own and is served by the Pinckney 48169 ZIP Code.
Kakawin Hariwangsa
Kakawin Hariwangsa is an Old Javanese poem in Indian metres (kakawin or kavya) which tells the story of Krishna, as an Avatar of Vishnu, when he wished to marry the Goddess Rukminī, from the land of Kundina, and daughter of Lord Bhishmaka. Rukmini is an avatar of the goddess Śrī.

Kundina
Kundina is an ancient Indian city, named as part of Kanishka's territory in the Rabatak inscription. It is thought that is it the locality of Kaundinyapura on the Wardha River in the Amravati Division of Vidarbha, or Berar in Maharashtra, which is an archaeological site identified as a trading city during the Early Historic period (c. 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE).
Costel Mozacu
Costel Ciprian Mozacu (born 30 September 1976 in Plopii-Slăvitești, Romania) is a Romanian football midfielder who played with Aris Limassol in Cyprus.  His former teams are: Steaua Mizil, Tractorul Brașov, Olimpia Satu Mare, Oțelul Galați, Petrolul Ploieşti, Steaua București and FC Naţional București, Concordia Chiajna.

Plopii-Slăvitești
Plopii-Slăvitești is a commune in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Brâncoveanca, Dudu and Plopii-Slăvitești. It included three other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Beciu Commune.