hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capture of Gagron (1444)
The Capture of Gagron in 1444 was a military campaign led by Mahmud Khalji of the Malwa Sultanate against the Khichi Chauhan Rajputs. The conflict resulted in the defeat of the Chauhan Rajputs and the forces of Mewar. Dahir, the commander serving Rana Kumbha, was among those defeated. The Gagron fort was successfully besieged, leading to the death of its ruler, Palhan Singh.

After capturing Gagron, Mahmud Khalji extended control by conquering an additional 24 forts held by local chiefs. This campaign demonstrated Mahmud's strategic ability and dominance over the Khichi Chauhan Rajputs, shaping the region's dynamics in the aftermath of Gagron's fall.

Mahmud Khalji
Mahmud Khalji (died 1 June 1469), also known as Mahmud Khilji and Ala-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I, was the Sultan of Malwa, in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India. He ascended the throne in 1435 after assassinating Mohammad, the son of the previous ruler, Hoshang Shah. Mahmud Khalji launched an unsuccessful campaign against the Delhi Sultanate; however, under his reign, the Malwa Sultanate reached its greatest height.
Roger Dill
Roger Dill (born 5 July 1957) is an international cricket umpire from Bermuda.

He became the first umpire from the ICC Associates panel to officiate in a full One Day Internationals (ODIs) in May 2006, during the triangular series played by Bermuda, Canada and Zimbabwe. He has officiated in 25 ODIs.

Dill is also a sergeant in the Bermudian fire brigade.

Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French nompere meaning not a peer, that is, not a  member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the Laws of Cricket. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over.

The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.
Gregorio Rojo
Gregorio Rojo Sagredo (3 May 1920, Burgos – 8 May 2006, Barcelona) was a Spanish distance runner.

He participated in the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, where he participated in the 5000 meter and 10,000 meter races. He was the six-time winner of the Jean Bouin Memorial race, the most wins of any male runner in the race's 105-year history. He participated in the International Cross Country Championships in 1949 and 1952.

After retiring from running in 1957, he began coaching. He was named Royal Spanish Athletics Federation's coach of the year in 1995 and 1998. He retired in 2001.

1952 International Cross Country Championships
The 1952 International Cross Country Championships was held in Hamilton, Scotland, at the Hamilton Park on 22 March 1952.   A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results, medalists, and the results of British athletes were published.
Harrier Combat Simulator
Harrier Combat Simulator (also known as High Roller) is a combat flight simulation game published in 1987 by Mindscape for the Commodore 64. Ports for Amiga, Atari ST and IBM PC (as a self-booting disk) followed in 1988.

Self-booting disk
A self-booting disk is a floppy disk for home computers or personal computers that starts up directly into a standalone application when the system is turned on or restarted. It runs on the "bare machine" without loading or using the operating system (if any) that runs on or comes with the computer. This was common, standard, on some computers in the late 1970s to early 1990s. Video games were the type of application most commonly distributed using this technique.

The term "PC booter" is sometimes used in reference to self-booting software for IBM PC compatibles. On other systems, like the Apple II and Atari 8-bit computers, almost all software is self-booting. On the IBM PC, the distinction is between a self-booting program and one which is started by the user via an operating system such as MS-DOS or IBM PC DOS. The term "PC booter" was not contemporaneous with when self-booting games were being released.
L'Île des vérités
L'Île des vérités is a French reality television series broadcast on French music and entertainment specialty channel NRJ 12.

The debut was on 5 December 2011. A second season followed on 5 November 2012 with a third starting on 26 August 2013 and a fourth 25 August  2014. Season 2 also had an offshoot called L'Île des vérités 2, Le Mag, but was suspended after just one season because of poor viewership figures. Starting season 2, the show was hosted by Alexandre Taliercio.

The program took Au paradis, leur vie va basculer meaning in paradise their lives would be tipped over, as their activities included a great number of voluntary and benevolent acts in what is specified in season 1 as Moorea island in French Polynesia. In later seasons, a more general Tahiti is used.

NRJ 12
NRJ 12 was a French commercial generalist television channel belonging to the NRJ Group, created on 31 March 2005 on DTT. The channel was available on DTT, cable, satellite and ADSL.

In 2024, its authorization to broadcast on DTT was not renewed by Arcom. With the end of its broadcasting on DTT on 1 March 2025, the channel has been shut down on all platforms.
Lents (crater)
Lents is a small lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located within the north-northwestern section of the immense skirt of ejecta that surrounds the Mare Orientale impact basin. To the south is the Montes Cordillera mountain ring, and to the north-northeast is the damaged crater Elvey.

This is a bowl-shaped formation with an interior floor that is about half the diameter of the crater. Attached to the northeastern exterior of Lents is the satellite crater Lents C, a feature of roughly the same dimension. Slightly more than a crater diameter to the east of Lents C is Pierazzo, which produced a broad, wispy ray system that extends for more than 100 km in all directions. The ray material from this impact lies across both Lents C and Lents, reaching as far north as Elvey.

On some maps, Lents is called Lenz.

Mare Orientale
Mare Orientale /ɔːriɛnˈteɪliː/ (Latin orientāle, the "eastern sea") is a lunar mare. It is located on the western border of the near side and far side of the Moon, and is difficult to see from an Earthbound perspective. Images from spacecraft have revealed it to be one of the most striking large-scale lunar features, resembling a target ring bullseye.
1981 Cuore Cup – Doubles
The 1981 Cuore Cup – Doubles was an event of the 1981 Cuore Cup tennis tournament and was played on  indoor carpet courts at the Palazzo dello Sport in Milan, Italy, between 23 March and 29 March 1981. The draw consisted of 16 teams and four of them were seeded. Peter Fleming and John McEnroe were the defending Milan Indoor doubles champions bur did not compete together in this edition. The third-seeded team of Brian Gottfried and Raúl Ramirez won the doubles title after a straight-sets win in the final against unseeded pairing John McEnroe and Peter Rennert, 7–6, 6–3.

Peter Rennert
Peter Rennert (born December 26, 1958) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. He achieved career-high rankings of World No. 40 in singles (in 1980), and World No. 8 in doubles (in 1983). At the 1977 Maccabiah Games in Israel, he and partner Joel Ross won the men's doubles gold medal, and he and Stacy Margolin won the gold medal in mixed doubles.
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026
Portugal is set to be represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2026, which will be held in Vienna, Austria. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is organising the national final Festival da Canção 2026.

Napa (band)
Napa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnapɐ]; stylised in all caps) is a Portuguese indie band from Madeira consisting of Francisco Sousa, João Rodrigues, João Guilherme Gomes, João Lourenço Gomes, and Diogo Góis. They represented Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "Deslocado", finishing in 21st place overall with 50 points.
Barnes railway station
Barnes railway station is a Grade II listed station in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, in southwest London, and is in London fare zone 3. It is 7 miles 7 chains (11.4 km) down the line from London Waterloo. The station and all trains serving it are operated by South Western Railway.

It is the nearest station for Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton Club, Rosslyn Park F.C. grounds, and the University of Roehampton.

The station is briefly seen at the end of 'Miracle in Crooked Lane', episode five of the third series of Jonathan Creek as well as the following for films:  Scream and Scream Again (1970), Somewhere in Camp (1942), Somewhere on Leave (1943) and Terror (1978).

Roehampton Club
Roehampton Club is a private members’ sports club in southwest London, England. It is set in 100 acres (400,000 m2) of parkland, close to Richmond Park. Originally established in 1901 as an officers’ polo club, Roehampton Club has  facilities including golf, tennis, squash, croquet, and swimming.
RFA Oleander
Four ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) have borne the name RFA Oleander:

RFA Oleander was an oiler launched in 1917 but was almost immediately renamed as RFA Fernleaf.

RFA Oleander (1922) was an oiler launched in 1922. She was damaged in an air attack while on convoy duty and was designated as a total constructive loss, in 1940.

RFA Oleander was an oiler initially laid down as Helicina for Anglo-Saxon Petroleum, then taken over by RFA, intended to be named Oleander. However, the with the Second World War having ended, she was returned to Anglo-Saxon Petroleum and completed as planned as Helicina.

RFA Oleander (A124) was a Ol-class fast fleet tanker launched in 1964. She was renamed Olmeda in 1967 to avoid confusion with the nameship of the Leander-class frigates of the Royal Navy, HMS Leander.

Tanker (ship)
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.  Major types of tanker ship include the oil tanker (or petroleum tanker), the chemical tanker, cargo ships, and a gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, citrus juice, molasses, and wine.

In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler (or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores) but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.

Tankers were first developed in the late 19th century as iron and steel hulls and pumping systems were developed. As of 2005, there were just over 4,000 tankers and supertankers 10,000 LT DWT or greater operating worldwide.
Nina Hemmer
Nina Hemmer (born 16 February 1993) is a German freestyle wrestler. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in the women's freestyle 53 kg division. She finished in 14th place after losing to Zhong Xuechun of China in the first round. In 2021, she won the silver medal in the women's 55 kg event at the 2021 World Wrestling Championships held in Oslo, Norway.

In March 2021, she competed at the European Qualification Tournament in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

In 2022, she lost her bronze medal match in her event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022 held in Rome, Italy. She competed in the 55 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.

She won one of the bronze medals in the women's 53 kg event at the Grand Prix de France Henri Deglane 2023 held in Nice, France.

2022 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 55 kg
The women's freestyle 55 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Belgrade, Serbia on 12 and 13 September 2022.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.
An Insatiable High
An Insatiable High is the third studio album by Japanese musician, producer and composer Masayoshi Takanaka, released by Kitty Records in 1977. 
The album features performances from the American R&B and jazz group Tower of Power, and vocal performances from American session musician Jim Gilstrap.

Jim Gilstrap
James Gilstrap (born November 10, 1946) is an American singer and session musician. He is best known for his 1975 solo hit single "Swing Your Daddy", as well as singing co-lead to the theme from the TV series Good Times.
Chad Williams (cricketer)
Chad Jay Williams (born 28 November 1995) is a Barbadian cricketer who has played for the West Indies under-19s team. A slow left-arm orthodox bowler, Williams has played for Barbados at under-19 level, but is yet to make his senior debut. His debut for the West Indies under-19s came in the 2014–15 Regional Super50, where matches held List A status. Cato played in all three of his team's matches in the competition, against Trinidad and Tobago, the Leeward Islands, and Jamaica. His best performance came on debut against Trinidad and Tobago, when he took 2/17 from his two overs.

Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team
The Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team is the representative cricket team of the country of Trinidad and Tobago. The team competes under the franchise name, Trinidad and Tobago Red Force in the Cricket West Indies' Professional Cricket League which comprises both the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50. Trinidad has also won a sum of 13 regional one day titles, which is the most in the history of West Indies cricket.

The most prominent T&T cricketers include Jeffrey Stollmeyer, Sonny Ramadhin, Deryck Murray, Charlie Davis, Larry Gomes, Rangy Nanan, Gus Logie, Ian Bishop, Brian Lara, Mervyn Dillon, Daren Ganga, Ravi Rampaul, Dwayne Bravo, Denesh Ramdin and Samuel Badree.
Hamilton Union Church Rectory
Hamilton Union Church Rectory is a historic church rectory at 2267 Western Turnpike in Guilderland, Albany County, New York.  It was built in 1857 and is in the Greek Revival style.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Guilderland, New York
Guilderland is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. In the 2020 census, the town had a population of 36,848. The town is named for the  Gelderland province in the Netherlands.
The town of Guilderland is on the central-northwest border of the county. It is just west of Albany, the capital of the U.S. state of New York.
Helman
Helman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abel Helman (1824–1910), American pioneer of Ashland, Oregon

Albert Helman, pseudonym of politician, playwright and poet Lou Lichtveld

Abraham Helman (1907–1952), Canadian chess master

Harry Helman (1894–1971), Canadian professional ice hockey player

Josh Helman (born 1986), Australian television and film actor

Nathaniel T. Helman (1905–1993), New York politician and judge

Pablo Helman (born 1959), Argentine visual effects artist

Reuven Helman (1927–2013), Israeli weightlifting champion

Scott Helman (born 1995), Canadian singer-songwriter

Zeydl Shmuel-Yehuda Helman (c. 1855–c. 1938), Romanian songwriter and journalist

Zofia Helman (born 1937), Polish musicologist

Lou Lichtveld
Lodewijk 'Lou' Lichtveld (7 November 1903 – 10 July 1996) was a Surinamese politician, playwright, poet and resistance fighter who wrote under the pseudonym "Albert Helman".

He gained notability in 1923 when he published the poetry collection De glorende dag   (The Dawning Day), a milestone in immigrant literature in the Netherlands.  He followed it three years later with Zuid-Zuid-West (South-South-West).

In 1940, before the invasion of the Netherlands, he wrote the book Millioenen-leed ("Millions of Suffering") about the treatment of the Jews in Nazi Germany. During World War II, he was a member of the Grote Raad van de Illegaliteit ("Great Council of Illegality"),. After the war, he became part of the Emergency Parliament. In 1949, he returned to Suriname and became Minister of Education and later Minister of Health.
IPA consonant chart with audio
The International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.

The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the IPA, as well as in human language. All consonants in the English language fall into this category.

In the audio samples below, the consonants are pronounced with [ä] for demonstration.

Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet comprises the letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. In a largely unaltered form (two splits, ⟨J⟩ from ⟨I⟩ and ⟨U⟩ from ⟨V⟩; an addition, ⟨W⟩; and extensions such as letters with diacritics), it forms the Latin script that is used to write many languages worldwide: in western and central Europe, in Africa, in the Americas, and in Oceania. It is the most widely used writing system in the world, used by over 3,000 languages, which is about 70% of the global population.

Its basic modern 26-letter inventory is standardized as the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
1951 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1951 Chicago Cardinals season marked the 32nd year the team was in the National Football League (NFL). The team failed to improve on their previous output of 5–7, winning only three games and failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season.

1950 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1950 Chicago Cardinals season marked the 31st year the team was in the National Football League (NFL). The team failed to improve on their previous output of 6–5–1, winning only five games and failing to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season.
1937 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 12b
The 1937 Tour de France was the 31st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 30 June, and Stage 12b occurred on 14 July with a flat stage to Montpellier. The race finished in Paris on 25 July.

Belfort
Belfort (French pronunciation: [bɛlfɔʁ] ⓘ; archaic German: Beffert, Beffort; Frainc-Comtou: Béfoûe) is a city in northeastern France, situated approximately 25 km (16 mi) from the Swiss border. It is the prefecture of the Territoire de Belfort.

Belfort is 400 km (250 mi) from Paris and 55 km (34 mi) from Basel. The residents of the city are called "Belfortains". The city is located on the river Savoureuse, on a strategically important natural route between the Rhine and the Rhône – the Belfort Gap (Trouée de Belfort) or Burgundian Gate (Porte de Bourgogne). It is located approximately 16 km (10 mi) south from the base of the Ballon d'Alsace mountain range, source of the Savoureuse. The city of Belfort has 46,443 inhabitants (2019). Belfort is the centre of a larger functional area (metropolitan area) with 133,597 inhabitants (2018), between the larger metropolitan areas of Mulhouse and Montbéliard.
Broome railway station
Broome railway station serves the villages of Broome and Aston on Clun in Shropshire, England. It is on the Heart of Wales Line 22+3⁄4 miles (36.6 km) south west of Shrewsbury. Trains that serve the station are operated by Transport for Wales.

Transport for Wales Rail
Transport for Wales Rail Limited, branded as Transport for Wales and TfW Rail (Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru and TrC Trenau), is a Welsh publicly owned train operating company, a subsidiary of Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company. It commenced operations of the day to day services of the Wales & Borders franchise on 7 February 2021, as an operator of last resort, succeeding KeolisAmey Wales.

Transport for Wales Rail manages 248 National Rail stations, including all 223 in Wales, and operates all passenger mainline services wholly within Wales, and services along the England–Wales border, many of which run into or through England.
Ljungheden
Ljungheden  also known as the Hejla Arena (for sponsorship purposes) is a motorcycle speedway track located in the north western outskirts of Västervik. The track is on the Stora Infartsvägen road and forms part of the Westerviks Motorsportklubb.

The stadium hosts the Västervik Speedway speedway team that compete in the Swedish Speedway Team Championship and have been champions of Sweden on one occasion.

Per Jonsson
Per Christer Jonsson (born 21 March 1966 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a former speedway rider who won the  Speedway World Championship in 1990, and finished runner-up in 1992. He earned 65 international caps for the Sweden national speedway team and also represented Sweden in the World Team Cup on seven occasions between 1985 and 1993.
Obama Eksklusif RCTI Bersama Putra Nababan
Obama Eksklusif RCTI Bersama Putra Nababan ("Putra Nababan Exclusive Interview with Barack Obama on RCTI") is a special television program showing an interview between Indonesian journalist Putra Nababan and President Barack Obama which aired on RCTI in March 2010. According to the president, this show was the first interview ever done by Indonesian television in the White House. The interview covered the partnership between Indonesia and the United States and the president's experiences during his childhood in Indonesia.

Obama also confirmed a delay in his planned visit to Indonesia due to the health care vote that was to be held by the US Congress at that time.

This show won an award at the 2011 Panasonic Gobel Awards.

Putra Nababan
James Parulian Putra Nababan, commonly known as Putra Nababan (born 28 July 1974) is an Indonesian newsreader, journalist, and politician. He has served in the House of Representatives representing Jakarta's 1st electoral district since 2019. He was editor-in-chief of MetroTV. He has received four Panasonic Gobel awards.
Impulse purchase
In the field of consumer behavior, an impulse purchase or impulse buying is an unplanned decision by a consumer to buy a product or service, made just before a purchase.  One who tends to make such purchases is referred to as an impulse purchaser or impulse buyer. Research findings suggest that emotions, feelings, and attitudes play a decisive role in purchasing, triggered by seeing the product or upon exposure to a well crafted promotional message.

Purchasing
Purchasing is the process a business or organization uses to acquire goods or services to accomplish its goals. Although there are several organizations that attempt to set standards in the purchasing process, processes can vary greatly between organizations.

Purchasing is part of the wider procurement process, which typically also includes expediting, supplier quality, transportation, and logistics.

Purchasing managers/directors, procurement managers/directors, or staff based in an organization's purchasing office, guide the organization's acquisition procedures and standards and operational purchasing activities.