hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ships of ancient Rome
Ancient Rome had a variety of ships that played crucial roles in its military, trade, and transportation activities. Rome was preceded in the use of the sea by other ancient, seafaring civilizations of the Mediterranean. The galley was a long, narrow, highly maneuverable ship powered by oarsmen, sometimes stacked in multiple levels such as biremes or triremes, and many of which also had sails. Initial efforts of the Romans to construct a war fleet were based on copies of Carthaginian warships. In the Punic Wars in the mid-third century BC, the Romans were at first outclassed by Carthage at sea, but by 256 BC had drawn even and fought the wars to a stalemate. In 55 BC Julius Caesar used warships and transport ships to invade Britain. Numerous types of transport ships were used to carry foodstuffs or other trade goods around the Mediterranean, many of which did double duty and were pressed into service as warships or troop transports in time of war.

Penteconter
The penteconter (alt. spelling pentekonter, pentaconter, pentecontor or pentekontor; Greek: πεντηκόντερος, pentēkónteros, "fifty-oared"), plural penteconters, was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period.

In an alternative meaning, the term was also used for a military commander of fifty men in ancient Greece.
Bill Young (ice hockey)
Bill Young (born  July 5, 1947 in St. Catharines, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 142 games in the World Hockey Association.  He played with the Los Angeles Sharks, Cleveland Crusaders, and Minnesota Fighting Saints.

Cleveland Crusaders
The Cleveland Crusaders were a professional ice hockey team from Cleveland. They played in the World Hockey Association from 1972 to 1976. Their home ice was the Cleveland Arena from 1972 to 1974, and the Richfield Coliseum from 1974 to 1976.
Frances Bessie Burlison
Frances Bessie Burlison (2 May 1875 – 12 January 1974) was an English sculptor, graphic artist and interior designer.

Burlison was born St. Pancras, London, and was daughter of John Burlison, of Burlison and Grylls, and Elizabeth Sarah Grylls, sister of his partner Thomas Grylls. She was educated initially by a governess and then at the Slade School of Fine Art in London.

Her first exhibited works were presented with The Society of Lady Artists in 1898. Burlison created the figure of Christ in the war memorial arch, by Giles Gilbert Scott, at Beaumont College in Old Windsor. Other works by her include the reredos at Our Lady, Ramsey.

Reredos
A reredos (/ˈrɪərˌdɒs, ˈrɪərɪ-, ˈrɛrɪ-/ REER-dos, REER-ih-, RERR-ih-) is a large altarpiece, a screen, or decoration placed behind the altar in a church. It often includes religious images.

The term reredos may also be used for similar structures, if elaborate, in secular architecture, for example very grand carved chimneypieces. It also refers to a simple, low stone wall placed behind a hearth.
Ronald Brown (bishop)
Christianity portal

Ronald Brown (7 August 1926 – 13 June 2019) was the Suffragan Bishop of Birkenhead from 1974 until 1992.

Brown was educated at Durham University. After a curacy at St Laurence Chorley he was vicar of Whittle-le-Woods. Following this he was vicar of St Thomas', Halliwell, Bolton and then (his final appointment before his ordination to the episcopate) rural dean of Ashton-under-Lyne. In retirement he continued to serve as an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Liverpool until 2003. Brown returned to live in Chester and died in June 2019 at the age of 92.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
2024 Tenerife Challenger III – Doubles
Petr Nouza and Patrik Rikl were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Sander Arends and Sem Verbeek.

Arends and Verbeek won the title after defeating Marco Bortolotti and Sergio Martos Gornés 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Petr Nouza
Petr Nouza (born 9 September 1998) is a Czech professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 44 achieved on 9 February 2026 and a career high singles ranking of No. 536 achieved on 5 August 2019. Nouza has won two ATP Tour and 10 ATP Challenger doubles titles
Griffon Bleu de Gascogne
The Griffon Bleu de Gascogne is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France, and is a versatile hunting dog, used on small and large game, in packs or individually. The Griffon Bleu de Gascogne has a speckled, rough coat.

Dog type
Dog types are broad categories of domestic dogs based on form, function, style of work, lineage, or appearance. Some may be locally adapted dog types (or landraces) that may have the visual characteristics of a modern purebred dog. In contrast, modern dog breeds strictly adhere to long-established breed standards,[note 1] that began with documented foundation breeding stock sharing a common set of inheritable characteristics, developed by long-established, reputable kennel clubs that recognize the dog as a purebred.

A "dog type" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel. Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs.
La Victoria Airport
La Victoria Airport (IATA: VMI) is an airstrip near the town of La Victoria in Alto Paraguay Department, Paraguay. The grass runway is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of La Victoria, across the Paraguay River.

Aerial imagery from 2005 shows low brush covering the length of the runway.

Alto Paraguay Department
Alto Paraguay (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalto paɾaˈɣwaj]; Upper Paraguay) is the least populous as well as a sparsely populated department of Paraguay. The capital is the town of Fuerte Olimpo.

In 1992, the Chaco Department was merged with Alto Paraguay.
Maryse Pelletier
Maryse Pelletier (born November 20, 1946) is a Canadian actress and award-winning writer living in Quebec.

She was born in Cabano and received a BA from the Université de Moncton. She went on to study French, American and English literature at the Université Laval and theatre at the Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Montréal. During the 1970s, she performed in comedies at the Théâtre du Nouveau Monde, the Théâtre d'Aujourd'hui, the Théâtre du Trident and the Théâtre La Marjolaine. Pelletier wrote scripts for a number of Radio-Canada television series for youth, including Traboulidon and Iniminimagimo; these series received Genie Awards for children's programming. She also contributed to the series Tohu-Bohu and Les frimousses, as well as a series on illiteracy Graffiti.

From 1992 to 1996, she was director for the Théâtre populaire du Québec.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
Bait
Bait is any appetizing substance (e.g. food) used to attract prey when hunting or fishing, most commonly in the form of trapping (e.g. mousetrap and bird trap), ambushing (e.g. from a hunting blind) and angling.

Baiting is a ubiquitous practice in both recreational (especially angling) and commercial fishing, but the use of live bait can be deemed illegal under certain fisheries law and local jurisdictions. For hunting, however, baiting can often be controversial as it violates the principles of fair chase, although it is still a commonly accepted practice in varmint hunting, culling and pest control.

Bird trapping
Bird trapping techniques to capture wild birds include a wide range of techniques that have their origins in the hunting of birds for food. While hunting for food does not require birds to be caught alive, some trapping techniques capture birds without harming them and are of use in ornithology research. Wild birds may also be trapped for their display in captivity in zoological gardens or for keeping as a pet. Bird trapping was formerly unregulated, but to protect bird populations most countries have specific laws and regulations.
Zenit (satellite)
Zenit (Russian: Зени́т, lit. 'Zenith', IPA: [zʲɪˈnʲit]) was a series of military photoreconnaissance satellites launched by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1994. To conceal their nature, all flights were given the public Kosmos designation.

Zenith
The zenith (UK: /ˈzɛnɪθ/, US: /ˈziː-/) is the imaginary point on the celestial sphere directly "above" a particular location. "Above" means in the vertical direction (plumb line) opposite to the gravity direction at that location (nadir). The zenith is the "highest" point on the celestial sphere. The direction opposite of the zenith is the nadir.
Pahud
Pahud is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Ferdinand Pahud (1803–1873), Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies

Charles Pahud de Mortanges (1869–1971), Dutch horse rider

Emmanuel Pahud (born 1970), Franco-Swiss flautist

Charles Pahud de Mortanges
Charles Ferdinand Pahud de Mortanges (13 May 1896 in The Hague – 8 April 1971 in Leiden) was a Dutch horse rider who competed at the 1924, 1928, 1932 and 1936 Olympics and was the flag bearer for the Netherlands in 1932. He is only one of three equestrians (with Mark Todd and Michael Jung) to win two consecutive Olympic titles in the individual three-day event. Besides his riding achievements, de Mortanges was president or vice president of the National Olympic Committee (1946–1961) and a member of the International Olympic Committee (1946–1964). He was also a top commanding officer of the Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade in 1944–1945 and later a senior army official overseeing the official ceremonies involving the Dutch royal family.
Anno (surname)
Anno (written: 庵野, 安野 or 阿武) or Annō (written: 案納) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Anno (1838–1893), German theatre actor, theatre director, and playwright

Hideaki Anno (庵野 秀明; born 1960), Japanese animation and video director

Masami Anno (案納 正美), Japanese animation producer and director

Mitsumasa Anno (安野 光雅; 1926–2020), Japanese writer and artist

Moyoco Anno (安野 モヨコ; born 1971), Japanese manga artist and wife of Hideaki Anno.

Noriko Anno (阿武 教子; born 1976), Japanese judoka

Takahiro Anno (安野 貴博; born 1990), Japanese politician and founder of Team Mirai

Team Mirai
Team Mirai (Japanese: チームみらい; lit. 'Team Future') is a political party in Japan founded by AI engineer Takahiro Anno. The party supports E-democracy and has been described as technocratic. The party was established on 8 May 2025, evolving from "Team Anno," which supported his candidacy in the 2024 Tokyo gubernatorial election. The party advocates for "Digital Democracy" and aims to implement technology to ensure "no one is left behind."

In the 2025 Japanese House of Councillors election, the party won its first seat in the Diet. In the subsequent 2026 Japanese general election, it made significant gains, securing 11 seats in the House of Representatives.
Six Acts
The Six Acts were legislation introduced by the Liverpool ministry to prevent future disturbances following the Peterloo Massacre in Manchester on 16 August 1819. The acts were intended to suppress any meetings for the purpose of radical reform. Élie Halévy considered them a panic-stricken extension of "the counter-revolutionary terror ... under the direct patronage of Lord Sidmouth and his colleagues"; some later historians have treated them as relatively mild gestures towards law and order, only tentatively enforced.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
Todd Sturdy
Todd Sturdy (born May 31, 1967) is an American college football coach. He is the wide receivers coach for California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, a position he has held since 2025. He was the head football coach for St. Ambrose University from 1995 to 2006 and MidAmerica Nazarene University from 2018 to 2019. He also coached for Eastern Washington, Washington State, Iowa State, Northern Iowa, and Northwest Missouri State. He played college football for St. Ambrose as a quarterback.

Northern Iowa Panthers football
The Northern Iowa Panthers football program represents the University of Northern Iowa in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level as member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC). The program began in 1895 and has fielded a team every year since with the exceptions of 1906–1907 and 1943–1944. The Panthers play their home games at the UNI-Dome on the campus of the University of Northern Iowa, in Cedar Falls, Iowa. They have appeared in the Division I FCS playoffs 22 times, third most among all current teams but have never won an FCS Division I championship.
Starkey, Oregon
Starkey is an unincorporated community in Union County, Oregon, United States, about 26 miles southwest of La Grande. It is about two miles south of Oregon Route 244 in the Blue Mountains.

Starkey's post office was established in 1879 and named after the first postmaster, John Starkey, who settled in the area in the 1870s. The originally proposed name, Daleyville, was rejected. The post office closed in 1935.

Starkey was the headquarters of the Mount Emily Lumber Company. The population was 50 in 1919 and 75 in 1931. The town went through a significant population boom by 1940 because of a portable logging operation, but the townsite was liquidated by the Valsetz Lumber Company in 1955. Today Starkey has a store and a cemetery.

La Grande, Oregon
La Grande (/ləˈɡrænd/) is a city in and the county seat of Union County, Oregon, United States. La Grande is Union County's largest city, with a population of 13,026 at the time of the  2020 U.S. Census. The La Grande  micropolitan population is 25,076. It is the 16th largest metro or  micropolitan area in Oregon.

La Grande is located on the western margin of the Grande Ronde Valley that is bounded by the Blue Mountains and Wallowa Mountains. These mountains and the Grande Ronde River offer abundance of natural resources and wildlife. Initially a logging and agriculture town, it has become a sports and recreation destination.

It is the hub for surrounding communities offering outdoor recreation, shopping centers and entertainment. La Grande is known for its theater and arts as the downtown area boasts Liberty Theater and the Elgin Opera House often has local showings. La Grande also is a college town with a student population of 2,825 at Eastern Oregon University.
Goldstone, Shropshire
Goldstone is a small hamlet in eastern Shropshire, England, in the civil parish of Cheswardine. It lies in an isolated rural area north of Hinstock and Ellerton, around 5 miles (8 km) south of the nearest town, Market Drayton.

Hinstock
Hinstock is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

It appeared in the Domesday Book survey as "Stoche" (from Old English stoc, "dependent settlement"); the present version of its name was created in the mediaeval period by prefixing Middle English hine ("domestic servants").
Four-step impact assessment
The Four-Step Impact Assessment is an academic framework initiated and published by Jonathan Mann and colleagues at the François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at the Harvard School of Public Health. The assessment takes into account the negotiation of objectives between human rights and public health. Such an approach takes into account a measure of each discipline's respective overlap to expose infringement of goals. Such infringement or confluence can be mapped out in what Mann and colleagues proposed in a 2 by 2 table, as illustrated below.

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school at Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. It was named after Hong Kong entrepreneur Chan Tseng-hsi in 2014 following a US$350 million donation, the largest in Harvard's history at the time.

The school grew out of the Harvard–MIT School for Health Officers, the country's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922.
Laurel Lake Wildlife Management Area
Laurel Lake Wildlife Management Area is located between Dingess and Lenore in Mingo County, West Virginia. Located on 12,856 acres (5,203 ha) of steep terrain with narrow valleys and ridgetops, the WMA contains second growth mixed hardwoods and hemlock with thick understory of mountain laurel and rhododendron.

To reach Laurel Lake WMA from Lenore, follow Old Norfolk & Western Railroad Bed Road (County Route 3/5) east about 6 miles (9.7 km) to Laurel Lake.

Kalmia latifolia
Kalmia latifolia, the mountain laurel, calico-bush, or spoonwood, is a flowering plant and one of the 10 species in the genus of Kalmia belonging to the heath(er) family Ericaceae. It is native to the eastern United States. Its range stretches from southern Maine to northern Florida, and west to Indiana and Louisiana. Mountain laurel is the state flower of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. It is the namesake of Laurel County in Kentucky, the city of Laurel, Mississippi, and the Laurel Highlands in southwestern Pennsylvania.
Encyclopedia Astronautica
The Encyclopedia Astronautica is a reference web site on space travel. The encyclopedia includes 79,433 articles with 13,741 illustrations, a comprehensive catalog of missiles, spacecraft, space technology, astronauts, and spaceflight from most countries that have had an active rocket research program. It provides biographies of important pioneers of spaceflight such as Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Hermann Oberth Robert Goddard. It outlines various concepts of space stations including the NASA Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buran programme.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Red Hat Virtualization
Red Hat Virtualization (RHV), formerly known as Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, is an x86 virtualization product developed by Red Hat, and is based on the KVM hypervisor. Red Hat Virtualization uses the SPICE protocol and VDSM (Virtual Desktop Server Manager) with a RHEL-based centralized management server. The platform can access user and group information from either an Active Directory or FreeIPA domain which enables it to allocate resources effectively based on permissions. Built for use in enterprise datacenters, RHV can support up to 400 hosts in a single cluster and no upper limit on the total number of hosts it can support. Development of RHV has ceased and as of August 2020 the product is now only receiving maintenance updates, with extended life phase updates provided until 2026. The successor to RHV is Red Hat's OpenShift container platform.

Network domain
A network domain is an administrative grouping of multiple private computer networks or local hosts within the same infrastructure. Domains can be identified using a domain name; domains which need to be accessible from the public Internet can be assigned a globally unique name within the Domain Name System (DNS).

A domain controller is a server that automates the logins, user groups, and architecture of a domain, rather than manually coding this information on each host in the domain. It is common practice, but not required, to have the domain controller act as a DNS server. That is, it would assign names to hosts in the network based on their IP addresses. nii
Scratch My Arse Rock
Scratch My Arse Rock (also known as Kiss Me Arse Rock or Kick-My-Arse Rock) is an islet—with a coral reef underneath—off the coast of Palmerston Island, an atoll belonging to the Cook Islands archipelago. Named Roche Gratte Fesse by locals, the rock's more widespread names were reputedly created by 19th-century English adventurer of Polynesia, William Marsters, who named it because he itched his anus while at the location. A popular fishing spot, the waters off Scratch My Arse Rock are noted for their abundance of parrotfish.

Geologically, Scratch My Arse Rock is a plateau and composed of granite.

It is noted for its unusual name.

Geographical data for the rock is available from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency at Bethesda, Maryland, United States, to be found at Geographical Names.

Parrotfish
Parrotfish (named because their mouths resemble a parrot's beak) are a clade (a fundamental grouping in evolutionary biology consisting of a single common ancestor and all of its descendants) of fish placed in the subfamily Scarinae of the wrasse family (Labridae). Formerly treated as their own family (Scaridae), genetic studies found them to be deeply nested within the wrasses, and they are now treated as a subfamily (Scarinae). With roughly 95 species, the group's largest species richness is in the Indo-Pacific. They are found in coral reefs, rocky coasts, and seagrass beds, and can play a significant role in bioerosion  because they eat away at the corals. This activity is also often attributed to enriching the sand content on the surrounding ocean floor.
March 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
March 10 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 12

All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 24 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For March 11th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 26 (February 27 on leap years).

February 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 26 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 28

All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 12 (March 11 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 27th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 14.