hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas Kamerow
Douglas B. Kamerow is an American family physician, medical researcher, and medical journal editor. He is a professor of family medicine at Georgetown University and Senior Scholar in Residence at the Robert Graham Center. He was previously an associate editor and regular columnist for the BMJ.

The BMJ
The BMJ is a fortnightly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, which in turn is wholly owned by the British Medical Association (BMA). The BMJ has editorial freedom from the BMA. It is one of the world's oldest general medical journals. Previously called the British Medical Journal, the title was officially shortened to BMJ in 1988, and then changed to The BMJ in 2014. The current editor-in-chief of The BMJ is Kamran Abbasi, who was appointed in January 2022.
Parnassius staudingeri
Parnassius staudingeri is a high-altitude butterfly which is found over a vast area - Pamirs, Altay Mountains, Hindu Kush, Karakorum and west Kuen-Lun.

It is a member of the genus Parnassius of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae.

A notable subspecies is the Karakoram banded Apollo (P. s. hunza).

Karakorum
Karakorum (Halh Mongolian: Хархорум, Kharkhorum; Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠣᠮ, Qaraqorum) was the capital of the Mongol Empire between 1235 and 1260 and of the Northern Yuan dynasty in the late 14th and 15th centuries. Its ruins lie in the northwestern corner of the Övörkhangai Province of modern-day Mongolia, near the present town of Kharkhorin and adjacent to the Erdene Zuu Monastery, which is likely the oldest surviving Buddhist monastery in Mongolia. They are located in the upper part of the World Heritage Site Orkhon Valley.
Matugama
Mathugama (Sinhala: මතුගම, Tamil: மத்துகம) is a semi urban town surrounded by mountains. It is an electorate of the Kalutara district, in Western Province, Sri Lanka.  The town is located 64 km (40 mi) to the south of Colombo.

Mathugama is part of the Pasdun Korale (Sinhala: පස්දුන් කෝරලේ) (meaning: county of the five yojanas), created when King Parakramabahu the Great drained the Kalu Ganga basin.

In the days of the State Council it comprised the present-day Agalawatta, Bulathsinhala and Matugama constituencies.

In 1946, it was divided into two, the eastern portion becoming Agalawatta (itself subdivided in 1960 by the creation of Bulathsinhala).

Since 1989 it has been an electoral division of the Kalutara District, not a constituency sending a member to parliament in its own right.

State Council of Ceylon
The State Council of Ceylon was the unicameral legislature for Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), established in 1931 by the Donoughmore Constitution. The State Council gave universal adult franchise to the people of the colony for the first time. It replaced the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the colony's original legislative body.

There were only two State Councils: the First, elected in 1931, and the Second, elected in 1936. The 1947 Soulbury Constitution replaced the State Council with the Parliament of Ceylon, as part of a process of constitutional development leading up to independence, which took place on 4 February 1948.
Grand Prix (song)
"Grand Prix" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Kep1er for their third Japanese maxi single marketed as Fly-High. It was pre-released as a digital single on November 8, 2023, and as a CD single featuring three other tracks on November 22, 2023, by WakeOne and Ariola Japan.

Maxi single
A maxi single, maxi-single, or maxi CD (sometimes abbreviated to MCD or CDM) is a music single release with more than the usual two tracks of an A-side song and a B-side song. Maxi singles are often mistaken for extended plays (EPs), especially in the digital era such as the categorization on iTunes, Apple Music, or Spotify. An EP usually consists at least four different "songs" without any specific A-side, while a maxi-single may contain four or more tracks but only in form of remixes to complement one or two songs as the A-side. Billboard considers EPs for albums chart (Billboard 200) and considers maxi-singles for songs chart (Billboard Hot 100).
Haukdælir
The Haukdælir (Old Norse: [ˈhɔukˌdɛːlez̠]; Modern Icelandic: [ˈhœykˌtaiːlɪr̥]) were one of the family clans who controlled medieval Iceland during the period of the Icelandic Commonwealth.  Their name is derived from Haukadalur (literally, Valley of the Hawks).  The Haukdælir traced their lineage to Ketilbjörn Ketilsson, who settled on land in Grímsnes and received a Goðorð in Árnesþing.   Their influence was prominent during the 10th to 13th centuries, first as progressives concerning Christianity, and later as chieftains and participants in the Age of the Sturlungs civil war. In the 13th century, Gissur Þorvaldsson, leader of the Haukdælir, was made Jarl of Iceland by the King of Norway.

Grímsnes
Grímsnes (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkrimsˌnɛːs] ⓘ) is a relatively small fissure or crater row  volcanic system located in South Iceland, located south–east of Lake Thingvallavatn and east of the en echelon group of volcanic systems extending across the Reykjanes Peninsula, that erupted last in the Holocene.
Triumph-Adler
TA Triumph-Adler GmbH (formerly TA Triumph-Adler AG) is a German office equipment manufacturer based in Nuremberg and founded in 1896. The company currently manufactures computer printers and other document management systems. The company is now part of the Japanese conglomerate Kyocera.

Document management system
A document management system (DMS) is usually a computerized system used to store, share, track and manage files or documents. Some systems include history tracking where a log of the various versions created and modified by different users is recorded. The term has some overlap with the concepts of content management systems. It is often viewed as a component of enterprise content management (ECM) systems and related to digital asset management, document imaging, workflow systems and records management systems.
Samuel and Sarah Hulme House
The Samuel and Sarah Hulme House is a historic building located north of Trenton, Iowa, United States. The earliest houses in Jefferson Township were log cabins, followed by wooden frame structures, and then brick as the technology advanced. It is unknown who designed and built the 1½-story, vernacular Greek Revival brick house, but there was a brick kiln on Daniel Black's property in Trenton and there were other brick houses built around the same time  in the area. The house was built for Samuel and Sarah Hulme, who were newlyweds at the time. Samuel was a gentleman farmer and an active member of the Henry County Institute of Science. The house features stone window sills and brick jack arch lintels. The interior still has its original layout, wood trim, floors, paneled wood doors, and wood stairs and railing. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Log cabin
A log cabin is a small log house, especially a minimally finished or less architecturally sophisticated structure. Log cabins have an ancient history in Europe, and in North America are often associated with first-generation home building by settlers. Construction with logs was described by the Roman architect Vitruvius Pollio in his architectural treatise De Architectura. He described the log-based dwellings in Pontus.
2012 Manta Open – Doubles
Brian Dabul and Izak van der Merwe were the defending champions, but chose not to play this year.
Duilio Beretta and Renzo Olivo won the title, defeating Víctor Estrella and João Souza 6–3, 6–0 in the final.

João Souza
João Olavo Soares de Souza (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w ˈso(w)zɐ]; born 27 May 1988) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player. Souza competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 69 on 6 April 2015, and his highest doubles ranking of No. 70, on 7 January 2013. Souza is also known as "Feijão" (Portuguese for Bean). He received a lifetime ban for match-fixing in 2020.
Cheffreville-Tonnencourt
Cheffreville-Tonnencourt (French pronunciation: [ʃɛfʁəvil tɔnɑ̃kuʁ] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
Juggy D (album)
Juggy D is the debut studio album by British Indian singer Juggy D. It was released on 12 October 2004 on 2Point9 Records. Produced by Mentor and  Rishi Rich. The album is the first Punjabi language album ever to enter the UK official charts, peaking at number 70. The first single, Sohniye was released before, it received positive reviews from critics and was featured in the 2004 Bollywood film Shukriya: Till Death Do Us Apart.

Collaborators in the album are Rishi Rich, Jay Sean and Don Dee.

2Point9 Records
2Point9 Records (DohPointNau) is an independent record label, a subsidiary of an all-in-one entertainment company called 2Point9, that was started in 2003 when Telstar Records A&R manager Billy Grant and Promotions manager Rob Stuart decided to leave the company to set up their own little independent runnings.
Rotary stage
A rotary stage is a component of a motion system used to restrict an object to a single axis of rotation. The terms rotary table or rotation stage are often used interchangeably with rotary stage. All rotary stages consist of a platform and a base, joined by some form of guide in such a way that the platform is restricted to rotation about a single axis with respect to the base. In common usage, the term rotary stage may or may not also include the mechanism by which the angular position of the platform is controlled relative to the base.

Plain bearing
A plain bearing, or more commonly sliding contact bearing and slide bearing (in railroading sometimes called a solid bearing, journal bearing, or friction bearing), is the simplest type of bearing, comprising only a bearing surface and no rolling elements. Therefore, the part of the shaft in contact with the bearing slides over the bearing surface. The simplest example of a plain bearing is a shaft rotating in a hole. A simple linear bearing can be a pair of flat surfaces designed to allow motion; e.g., a drawer and the slides it rests on or the ways on the bed of a lathe.

Plain bearings, in general, are the least expensive type of bearing. They are also compact and lightweight, and they have a high load-carrying capacity.
Paattinen
Paattinen (Finnish: [ˈpɑːtːinen]; Swedish: Patis) is a village in south-west Finland and a district of the city of Turku. It is located to the north of the city, and is the largest of the city's districts by area. It borders the neighbouring municipalities of Vahto, Nousiainen, Mynämäki, Pöytyä, Aura and Lieto. It is rather sparsely populated, and has a population of only 2,430 (as of 2004) despite being much larger than any other of the city's districts. Paattinen has an annual population growth rate of 0.99%.

20.21% of the district's population are under 15 years old, while 15.31% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 98.40% Finnish, 1.03% Swedish, and 0.58% other, making Paattinen one of the most homogeneous districts in Turku.

Paattinen is also a former municipality of Finland. It is the most recent municipality to be annexed to Turku, in 1973.

Mynämäki
Mynämäki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈmynæˌmæki]; Swedish: Virmo) is a municipality of Finland located in the Southwest Finland region. Neighbouring municipalities are Aura, Eura, Laitila, Masku, Nousiainen, Pöytyä, Rusko, Taivassalo, Turku and Vehmaa.

The municipality has a population of 7,464 (31 March 2025) and covers an area of 536.08 square kilometres (206.98 sq mi) of which 16.37 km2 (6.32 sq mi) is water. The population density is 14.36 inhabitants per square kilometre (37.2/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The municipality of Karjala was consolidated with Mynämäki in 1977. The municipality of Mietoinen was consolidated with Mynämäki in 2007.

In the 1980s, the local traditional dishes of Mynämäki were waffle called poffe, and cheese called laurinjuusto made from cow's or goat's milk, which is dried until it can be cut with scissors, for example into soured milk gruel. It can also be smoked using a marsh Labrador tea.
Steve Carpenter
Steve Carpenter (born March 30, 1971, in Prince George, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. Between 1995 and 1997 he played in the ECHL and the West Coast Hockey League before moving to the United Kingdom, where he played until he retired from ice hockey in 2005.

All-star
An all-star team is a group of people all having a high level of performance in their field.  Originating in sports, it has since drifted into vernacular and has been borrowed heavily by the entertainment industry.
Fozil Amirov
Fozil Fayzrahmonovich Amirov (1914–1979) was an Uzbek Soviet scientist, medical doctor, surgeon, and an expert in topographical anatomy. He held the title of Doctor of Medical Sciences (1960) and Professor (1961). He was an Honored Scientist of the Uzbek SSR and a laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1974).

Tashkent Medical Academy
The Tashkent Medical Academy or TMA (Uzbek: Toshkent tibbiyot akademiyasi; TMA) is a public undergraduate and graduate medical school.

It was founded in 1920 as the Faculty of Medicine at the Turkestan State University and renamed the Tashkent Medical Institute (ru.wikipedia.org: Ташкентский медицинский институт) in 1931, and became two separate Medical Universities: the First Tashkent State Medical Institute and the Second Tashkent State Medical Institute in 1990. The Tashkent Medical Academy was formed in 2005 by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov by merging the First and Second Tashkent State Medical Institutes.

The main campuses are located in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. The TMA includes six faculties, 52 departments, the Multidisciplinary Clinic of TMA. There are three branches of TMA  which function as independent institutions in the cities of Urgench, Termez and Fergana.
1959 Missouri's 4th congressional district special election
The 1959 Missouri's 4th congressional district special election was held on March 3, 1959, and was won by Jackson County Judge William J. Randall, the Democratic nominee.

On January 23, 1959, Democratic Congressman George H. Christopher died, causing a vacancy. On February 2, Governor James Blair issued a proclamation for the special election, which he deliberately scheduled with the Kansas City municipal election primary. The parties' nominees were picked by the local congressional party committees.

George H. Christopher
George Henry Christopher (December 9, 1888 – January 23, 1959) was a Democratic representative from Missouri's 6th congressional district from January 3, 1949, to January 3, 1951, and from the Missouri's 4th congressional district from January 3, 1955, until his death from a heart attack on January 23, 1959. Christopher did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1957.

He was born on a farm in Bates County, Missouri, near Butler, Missouri.  He graduated from Hill's Business College, Sedalia, Missouri, in 1907.  He lived on a farm in Calhoun County, Illinois, and Craig County, Oklahoma, before returning to Missouri.

He is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Butler.
NGC 4633
NGC 4633 is a spiral galaxy located about 70 million light-years away in the constellation of Coma Berenices. It is interacting with the nearby galaxy NGC 4634. NGC 4633 was discovered by astronomer Edward D. Swift on April 27, 1887. It was rediscovered on November 23, 1900, by astronomer Arnold Schwassmann and was later listed as IC 3688. NGC 4633 is a member of the  Virgo Cluster.

Edward D. Swift
Edward Doane Swift (24 December 1870 – 25 September 1935 in Buffalo, New York) was an American astronomer. Like his father Lewis, he was a founder member of the British Astronomical Association in 1890, resigning 1892.
Mid-Century Sounds: Deep Cuts From the Desert
Mid-Century Sounds: Deep Cuts From The Desert is a two volume compilation album (Vinyl, LP) released in 2017 by independent record label Fervor Records in collaboration with Marmoset. Several songs on this LP charted in Billboard Magazine including "Plaything" by Ted Newman in 1957 and "Cookin" by the Al Casey Combo in 1962. Since the album's release, multiple songs have been featured in popular TV shows and films including Lionsgate Films The Glass Castle, the Netflix Original Series Orange is the New Black, and short film, Made Back East, released December 2020.

The Glass Castle (2017 film)
The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham, and Marti Noxon. It is based on Jeannette Walls' 2005 best-selling memoir of the same name. Depicting Walls' childhood,  where her family lived in poverty and sometimes as squatters, the film stars Brie Larson as Walls, with Naomi Watts, Woody Harrelson, Max Greenfield, and Sarah Snook in supporting roles.

The Glass Castle was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics. They praised the performances of its cast, particularly Larson, but criticized the emotional tones and adaptation. The film grossed $22 million in North America.
Knightsbridge Schools International Bogotá
Knightsbridge Schools International Bogotá, also known as KSI Bogotá, is a bi-lingual, co-educational, private international day school for students aged 3–18, based upon the British educational system, located in Guaymaral, close to Chia, in the Bogotá savanna.

The school is part of Knightsbridge Schools International (KSI), a group of international schools based in Colombia, Montenegro, and the United Kingdom, directly affiliated with Knightsbridge School in London, offering non-denominational, multicultural, small-group instruction.

Chía, Cundinamarca
Chía is a city and municipality in the department of Cundinamarca in Colombia, located 10 km north of Bogotá on the main road to Zipaquira. Due to its proximity to Bogotá

Its history dates back to the pre-Columbian era. Chia is also known for its gastronomy and its variety of restaurants.

It is also home to the Universidad de la Sabana, one of the most prestigious universities in the country.
NGC 830
NGC 830 is a barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be about 170 million light-years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 70,000 light years. It was discovered by Heinrich Louis d'Arrest on 23 September 1865.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Javier Gómez (actor)
Javier Alejandro Gómez (born October 2, 1960) is an Argentine television actor known for participating in various television channels for telenovelas such as Telemundo, RCN Televisión, Caracol Televisión and TV Azteca. He was born in Buenos Aires.

Caracol Televisión
Caracol Televisión (Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾaˈkol teleβiˈsjon]) (known as Caracol and previously as Canal Caracol) is a Colombian free-to-air television network owned by Caracol Medios, a unit of Grupo Valorem. It is one of the leading private TV networks  in Colombia, alongside Canal RCN and Canal 1. The network distributes and produces 5,000+ programs and has aired in more than 80 countries.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Inspector General
The U.S. Department of Education Office of Inspector General (ED OIG) is an inspector general office created by the Department of Education Organization Act. The inspector general for the Department of Education is charged with investigating and auditing department programs to combat waste, fraud, and abuse.

Waste
Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product, by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or resource through an invention that raises a waste product's value above zero.

Examples include municipal solid waste (household garbage), hazardous waste, wastewater (such as sewage, which contains bodily wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff), radioactive waste, and others.
Glamorgan Land District
Glamorgan Land District is one of the twenty land districts of Tasmania which are part of the Cadastral divisions of Tasmania. It was formerly one of the 18 counties of Tasmania. It is located along the eastern edge of Tasmania, from Seymour in the north, to Pontypool in the south. It includes Swansea, Bicheno, Cranbrook, and Lisdillon. It also includes the area around Great Oyster Bay, the Freycinet Peninsula and Schouten Island. The LGA of Glamorgan Spring Bay Council is in a similar region.

Schouten Island
Schouten Island (formerly  Schouten's Isle), part of the Schouten Island Group, is an island with an area of approximately 28 square kilometres (11 sq mi) lying close to the eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia, located 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) south of the Freycinet Peninsula and is a part of Freycinet National Park. The palawa kani place name for the island is mayaluwarana.

The locality of Schouten Island is in the local government area of Glamorgan–Spring Bay in the South-east region of Tasmania.
Oleg Antonenko
Oleg Vladimirovich Antonenko (Russian: Олег Владимирович Антоненко) (born 1 July 1971 in Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Belarusian professional former ice hockey left wing.

Antonenko began playing professional in 1988 with Dynamo Minsk of the Soviet League. He has also played for Severstal, Nizhnekamsk Neftekhimik, Ak Bars Kazan, Vsetin, Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod, Metallurg Novokuznetsk, HC MVD, and Yekaterinburg Automobilist.

Antonenko was selected for the Belarus national men's ice hockey team in the 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Assistant head coach of Belarusian national ice hockey team from 2014.

HC MVD
HC MVD (Russian: ХК МВД) was a professional ice hockey club based in Balashikha, Moscow Oblast, Russia. They were members of the Tarasov Division of the Kontinental Hockey League. They are best known for winning the silver medal in the KHL backstopped by all star goaltender Michael Garnett in 2010. The team merged with Dynamo Moscow to form UHC Dynamo after the 2009–10 season.