hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Microchannel plate detector
A microchannel plate (MCP) is used to detect single particles (electrons, ions and neutrons) and photons (ultraviolet radiation and X-rays). It is closely related to an electron multiplier, as both intensify single particles or photons by the multiplication of electrons via secondary emission. Because a microchannel plate detector has many separate channels, it can provide spatial resolution.

Constant fraction discriminator
A constant fraction discriminator (CFD) is an electronic signal processing device that is designed to mimic the mathematical operation of finding a maximum of a pulse by finding the zero of its slope. Some signals do not have a sharp maximum, but short rise times ⁠⁠.

Typical input signals for CFDs are pulses from plastic scintillation counters, such as those used for lifetime measurement in electron–positron annihilation experiments. The scintillator pulses have identical rise times that are much longer than the desired temporal resolution.  This forbids simple threshold triggering, which causes a dependence of the trigger time on the signal's peak height, an effect called time walk (see diagram). Identical rise times and peak shapes permit triggering not on a fixed threshold but on a constant fraction of the total peak height, yielding trigger times independent from peak heights.
Beohari
Beohari is a major town and a nagar panchayat in Shahdol district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is 79.07 kilometres (49.13 mi) from the main district of Shahdol and 412 kilometres (256 mi) away from Bhopal, the state capital. Its geographical coordinates are 24° 3' 0" North, 81° 23' 0" East.

Beohari is rich in mineral resources, including marble, iron ore, clay, sand and unexplored petroleum products. Beohari is economically rich and is politically active since Independence.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid
3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid is an organic chemical that is an important corrosion inhibitor and is also used in photography. This aromatic compound is used by chemists to identify alcohol components in esters and in the fluorometric analysis of creatinine.

Fluorescence spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy (also known as fluorimetry or spectrofluorometry) is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample. It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light; typically, but not necessarily, visible light. A complementary technique is absorption spectroscopy. In the special case of single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, intensity fluctuations from the emitted light are measured from either single fluorophores, or pairs of fluorophores.

Devices that measure fluorescence are called fluorometers.
Ramzan Akhmadov
Ramzan Adlanovich Akhmadov (Chechen: Ӏадлани-воӀ Рамзан; Russian: Рамзан Адланович Ахмадов; 3 February 1970 – 9 February 2001) was a Chechen Salafi leader and a brigadier general in the Chechen Armed Forces who commanded the Southwestern Front during the Second Chechen War. He was also the founder of the Islamist organisations Islamic brigade and Urus-Martan Jamaat, which sought to establish Sharia law throughout Chechnya. Ramzan was of the Ghendargnoy teip and Appaz-Nek'e (Branch of a teip).

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
William J. Powell
William Jenifer Powell (July 27, 1897 – July 12, 1942) was an American engineer, soldier, civil aviator and writer who is credited with promoting aviation among the African-American community. Along with Bessie Coleman and James Banning, he is recognized as a pioneer aviator and a civil rights activist. Powell was optimistic about the prospects of African Americans in aviation, and believed that their involvement in the industry would help end racial prejudice at a time of widespread segregation under the Jim Crow laws.

James Banning
James Herman Banning (November 5, 1900 – February 5, 1933) was an American aviation pioneer. In 1932, accompanied by Thomas C. Allen, he became America's first black aviator to fly coast-to-coast across the contiguous United States.
Fiorella Migliore
Fiorella Migliore Llanes (born 27 January 1989 in Asunción) is a Paraguayan actress, tv host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Mundo Paraguay 2012 and represented her country at Miss World 2012 but did not place. She is of Italian origins, because her father was born in Comiso (Sicily).

Miss Paraguay 2012
The Miss Universo Paraguay 2012 pageant was held on May 18, 2012. Alba Riquelme, Miss Universo Paraguay 2011, crowned her successor Egny Eckert at the end of the event; she was the Paraguayan candidate for the 2012 Miss Universe pageant. Elected to represent Paraguay at Miss World 2012 was Fiorella Migiore, for Miss International 2012 was Nicole Huber, and for Miss Earth 2012 was Alexandra Fretes. The pageant was broadcast live on Telefuturo.
Bente Sandvig
Bente Sandvig (born 1956) is a Norwegian politician who was party secretary of the Socialist Left Party from 1989 to 1993. She is from 1993 employed in Norwegian Humanist Association and leader of the Council for Religious and Life Stance Communities from 2007 to 2011.

Norwegian Humanist Association
The Norwegian Humanist Association (Norwegian: Human-Etisk Forbund; HEF) is one of the largest secular humanist associations in the world, with over 130,000 members. Those members constitute 2.3% of the national population of 5.47 million, making HEF by far the largest such association in the world in proportion to population. The association publishes the magazine Fri tanke (Free Thought).
Usserød Å
Usserød Å, the principal drainage of Sjælsø Lake. is a stream in North Zealand to the north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is approximately 9 kilometres long, drops 18 metres and is joined by Donse Å before itself flowing into Nive Å on its way to the Øresund at Nivå. It passes through the protected Usserød Ådal and the town of Hørsholm. Several watermills and early industrial sites are located along its course, the largest being Usserød Textile Mill.

North Zealand
North Zealand, also North Sealand (Danish: Nordsjælland), refers to the northeastern part of the Danish island of Zealand. The area has three royal castles and offers resorts with beaches, as well as lakes and forests. In addition to Kronborg Castle, three of the North Zealand forest areas used for royal par force hunting are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Danish tourist authorities have recently introduced the term Danish Riviera to cover the area in view of its increasing importance for tourism.
Mitchell Lake (Ontario)
Mitchell Lake is a small, artificial lake in the Great Lakes Basin and located in the city of Kawartha Lakes in Central Ontario, Canada. The lake was formed sometime in the first decade of the twentieth century alongside the construction of the Kirkfield Lift Lock, which was completed and operational by the end of 1907. It is part of the summit of the Trent–Severn Waterway, the middle of a connection via canals of Balsam Lake on the Gull River system, which flows eventually to Lake Ontario, and the Kirkfield Lift Lock and Canal Lake on the Talbot River system, which flows to Lake Simcoe and eventually to Lake Huron.

Gull River (Balsam Lake)
The Gull River is a river in Algonquin Highlands and Dysart et al, Haliburton County and the single-tier municipality of Kawartha Lakes in south-central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Trent River and Lake Ontario drainage basins, and flows from southern Algonquin Provincial Park to Balsam Lake on the Trent–Severn Waterway.
Borreby
Borreby Castle (Danish: Borreby Slot, pronounced [ˈpoːɐˌpyˀ ˈslʌt]) is a fortified manor house located near Skælskør, Slagelse Municipality, in the south-west corner of the island of Zealand, in eastern Denmark. The present main building was constructed for chancellor Johan Friis in the middle of the 16th century. The estate was acquired by Joachim Melchior Holten Castenschiold in 1783 and has remained in the hands of his descendents since then.

The main building and a number of other buildings were listed in the Danish register of protected buildings and places in 1918. A barn from 1593 has been converted into a theatre and music venue. The estate covers 722 hectares of land.

Skælskør
Skælskør (Danish: [skelˈskøˀɐ̯]) is a town in Zealand, Denmark. It is located in Slagelse Municipality. Until 2007 Skælskør was the seat of Skælskør Municipality. The town is located 17 km southwest of Slagelse and 12 km southeast of Korsør. Skælskør is home to one of Denmark's largest breweries, the Harboe Brewery.
Garfield Gets Real
Garfield Gets Real (also known as Garfield 3D in some regions) is a 2007 American animated adventure comedy film based on the comic strip Garfield. It was produced by Paws, Inc. in cooperation with Davis Entertainment, and The Animation Picture Company and distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. It was written by Garfield's creator Jim Davis, who started working on the script in the autumn of 1996. It is the third Garfield film, after Garfield: The Movie and Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties. This was the first fully animated Garfield production since the 1991 television special Garfield Gets a Life, and the series finale of Garfield and Friends. The DVD was shipped to stores on August 9, 2007. Gregg Berger reprises his role of Odie, but Garfield is voiced by veteran voice actor Frank Welker. Jon is voiced by Wally Wingert. The film received mostly unfavorable reviews.

Wally Wingert
Wallace Wingert is an American voice actor and former DJ. His roles include Almighty Tallest Red in Invader Zim, Renji Abarai in Bleach, Psycho Blue in Power Rangers In Space, Kotetsu T. Kaburagi / Wild Tiger in Tiger & Bunny, the Riddler in the Batman: Arkham series, Jon Arbuckle in The Garfield Show, Cubot in Sonic the Hedgehog, and the mascot of H. H. Gregg.
Saudefaldene
Saudefaldene is a hydroelectric power company in Sauda Municipality, Norway.

It was founded in 1913 to harness hydropower in the Sauda Watershed. Building of power plants started in 1914, and power was delivered starting in 1919 (1919). It was bought by Union Carbide in 1925. After the national escheat came into effect in 1979 both Saudefaldene and the production company Sauda Smelteverk were bought by Norwegian company Elkem.

Escheat
Escheat /ɪsˈtʃiːt/ (from Latin  excidere 'fall away') is a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who has died without heirs to the crown or state. It serves to ensure that property is not left in "limbo" without recognized ownership.  It originally applied to a number of situations where a legal interest in land was destroyed by operation of law, so that the ownership of the land reverted to the immediately superior feudal lord.
Servius Cornelius Cethegus
Servius Cornelius Cethegus was a Roman senator active during the reign of Tiberius. He was consul ordinarius in AD 24, together with Lucius Visellius Varro.

According to his filiation in Dio Cassius, his father was also named Servius. Edmund Groag notes that the identification of Cethegus' father with one Cornelius Lentulus Cethegus, who erected a monument to his nutrix, "cannot be excluded"; this would connect him to the family of the Cornelii Lentuli, one of the last surviving branches of the gens Cornelia. Ronald Syme also attempts to fit him in the Cornelii Lentuli, but admits the praenomen Servius was last used by them in the mid-second century BC.

An inscription at Haydrah in modern Tunisia attests that Cethegus was proconsular governor of Africa; his tenure in that post has been dated towards the end of Tiberius' reign.

Ronald Syme
Sir Ronald Syme, OM, FBA (11 March 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. He was regarded as the greatest historian of ancient Rome since Theodor Mommsen and the most brilliant exponent of the history of the Roman Empire since Edward Gibbon. His great work was The Roman Revolution (1939), a masterly and controversial analysis of political life in the Roman Republic following the assassination of Julius Caesar, offering critical views about Octavian in particular that challenged widely accepted views in contemporary academia.
Valinol
Valinol is an organic compound named after, and commonly produced from, the amino acid valine. The compound is chiral and is produced almost exclusively as the S‑isomer (also designated as the L‑isomer), due to the abundant supply of S-valine. It is part of a broader class of amino alcohols.

Oxazoline
Oxazoline is a five-membered heterocyclic organic compound with the formula C3H5NO. It is the parent of a family of compounds called oxazolines (emphasis on plural), which contain non-hydrogenic substituents on carbon and/or nitrogen. Oxazolines are the unsaturated analogues of oxazolidines, and they are isomeric with isoxazolines, where the N and O are directly bonded.  Two isomers of oxazoline are known, depending on the location of the double bond.

Oxazoline itself has no applications however oxazolines have been widely investigated for potential applications.  These applications include use as ligands in asymmetric catalysis, as protecting groups for carboxylic acids and increasingly as monomers for the production of polymers.
Altor Networks
Altor Networks, Inc., a Juniper Networks company, is a provider of security for virtual data centers and clouds. The company developed the world's first firewall purpose-built for virtual networks, a software security "appliance" that runs in a virtualized environment and enforces security policy on a per-virtual-machine basis. Data center administrators could pinpoint a broad range of virtual network security compromises and create roles-based security policies. Security policies could be continuously enforced on individual virtual machines (VMs), even as they moved throughout the virtualized data center.

Headquartered in Redwood Shores, California, United States, Altor was founded in 2007 by security and networking experts from Check Point Software, Cisco and Oracle Corporation, and has received funding from Accel Partners, DAG Ventures, Foundation Capital, and Juniper Networks. On December 6, 2010 Juniper Networks announced it had acquired Altor Networks for $95 million in cash.

Redwood Shores
Redwood Shores is a waterfront community in Redwood City, California, along the western shore of San Francisco Bay on the San Francisco Peninsula in San Mateo County. Redwood Shores is the home of several major technology companies, including Oracle Corporation (which relocated its headquarters in 2020), Electronic Arts, Nintendo, Zuora, Qualys, Crystal Dynamics and Shutterfly.
Hollis Stacy
Hollis Stacy (born March 16, 1954) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1974, winning four major championships and 18 LPGA Tour events. She was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in the veterans category in 2012.

North and South Women's Amateur Golf Championship
The North and South Women's Amateur Golf Championship is an annual golf tournament held since 1903 at the Pinehurst Resort in Pinehurst, North Carolina. An invitational tournament, participants are chosen based upon their performance in national amateur championships and overall competitive record.
Satna
Satna is a city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of Satna district. It is the state's 7th largest city and 8th most populous city. The city is 500 km east of the state capital Bhopal. The city is distributed over a land area of 111.9 square kilometers.

Satna has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

Smart Cities Mission
Smart Cities Mission was an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to develop smart cities across the country, making them citizen-friendly and sustainable. The Union Ministry of Urban Development was responsible for implementing the mission in collaboration with the state governments of the respective cities. In 2017, the ministry was merged with the ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation to form the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

The mission was planned to include 100 cities, with an initial project completion deadline of 2019, later revised to 2023. As of January 2025, 7,479 out of a total of 8,058 tendered projects had been completed, utilizing ₹1,500.05 billion (US$18 billion) of the total allocated amount of ₹1,643.68 billion (US$19 billion). The project was officially shut down on 31 March 2025.
Kristin Marie
Kristin Marie Skolem (born May 19, 1991), known professionally as Kristin Marie, is a Norwegian singer and songwriter.

In 2018 she co-wrote the winner song for the tenth season of Norwegian Idol, which was released by Universal Music. The song is named "Before I Go", and made it directly into the Spotify top 50 list, where it stayed for months. She has followed up with singles for international artists like Fedde Le Grande, Jamie, and Pentagon.

She attended the first year of LIMPI, a pop music school started in conjunction with Stargate, Magnus Beite, Amund Bjørklund of Espionage, and Lars Hustoft. During the year she was mentored by established professionals such as Fred Ball, Emily Warren, Martin Sjølie, Axident, Autumn Rowe, Tor Erik Hermansen, and Espen Lind among others.

Espionage (production team)
Espionage is a New York–based Norwegian songwriting and music production team consisting of Espen Lind and Amund Bjørklund. It is signed to Stellar Songs and EMI Music Publishing (now part of Sony Music Publishing). Their breakthrough came in 2006 as co-writers of Beyoncé's worldwide smash "Irreplaceable", which was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for 10 consecutive weeks and the best selling single in the US in 2007. They are probably best known as the producers and cowriters behind several of Train's major hits after 2009, including  "Drive By" and their comeback single "Hey, Soul Sister", which is among the 20 highest selling singles of all time in the US. Espionage has received numerous BMI Awards.
Real Life (Jeff Carson album)
Real Life is the third and final studio album by American country music artist Jeff Carson. It contains the single "Real Life (I Never Was the Same Again)", a top 20 hit on the Billboard country music charts in mid-2001 and Carson's first Top 40 country hit since 1996's "Holdin' Onto Something". None of the other singles from this album were Top 40 hits. After that album's release, Carson retired from the music business to become a police officer.

Justin Niebank produced tracks 1, 3, and 4, with songwriter Max T. Barnes producing the rest.

Holdin' Onto Something
"Holdin' Onto Something" is a song written by Tom Shapiro and Thom McHugh, and recorded by American country music artist Jeff Carson.  It was released in March 1996, as the fourth single from his debut album by Jeff Carson. The song reached number 6 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in June 1996. Before its release, it was the b-side to the album's third single, "The Car".

It was also recorded by John Michael Montgomery on his 1995 self-titled album.
Peter Herresthal
Peter Herresthal (born 3 November 1970 in Oslo) is a Norwegian violinist and Professor at the Norwegian Academy of Music in Oslo and Visiting Professor at Royal College of Music in London. He won the Spellemannprisen in 2002.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
Lsof
lsof is a command meaning "list open files", which is used in many Unix-like systems to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them. This open source utility was developed and supported by Victor A. Abell, the retired associate director of the Purdue University Computing Center. It works in and supports several Unix flavors.

A replacement for Linux, lsfd, is included in util-linux.

SunOS
SunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems from 1982 until the mid-1990s. The SunOS name is usually only used to refer to versions 1.0 to 4.1.4, which were based on BSD, while versions 5.0 and later are based on UNIX System V Release 4 and are marketed under the brand name Solaris.
Politburo of the 1st Congress of the Yemeni Socialist Party
This electoral term of the Politburo was elected by the 1st Session of the Central Committee of the 1st Congress of the Yemeni Socialist Party in 1978, and was in session until the gathering of the 2nd Congress in 1980.

Yemeni Socialist Party
The Yemeni Socialist Party (Arabic: الحزب الاشتراكي اليمني, romanized: al-Ḥizb al-Ishtirākī al-Yamanī; YSP), also known as the Socialist Party Organization (منظمة الحزب الاشتراكي, Munaẓẓamat al-Ḥizb al-Ishtirākī), is a political party in Yemen. The successor of the National Front, it was the sole legal political party in South Yemen until the Yemeni unification in 1990. Originally Marxist–Leninist, the party has gradually evolved into a social democratic opposition party in today's Republic of Yemen.