hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Closed circuit
Closed circuit can refer to:

Closed-circuit television

Closed-circuit radio

Closed circuit breathing apparatus, commonly known as rebreathers for portable units, and as component parts of life-support systems for more complex equipment.

Closed Circuit (1978 film), a 1978 Italian film

Closed Circuit (2013 film), a 2013 British thriller film

An electric circuit is a "closed circuit" if it contains a complete path between the positive and negative terminals of its power source

Closed Circuit (album), a 2001 album by New Zealand composer Peter Jefferies

The Closed Circuit, a 2013 Polish action film directed by Ryszard Bugajski

Closed Circuit (1978 film)
Closed Circuit (Italian: Circuito chiuso) is a 1978 Italian made-for-television mystery film directed by Giuliano Montaldo. It was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival.

The film concerns the police investigation of the murder of a cinema attendee who is shot dead during a matinée showing of a Spaghetti Western starring Giuliano Gemma.
Langebaanweg
Langebaanweg is a town on the southwest coast of South Africa, in Western Cape Province.

It is the location of the air force base AFB Langebaanweg.

Langebaanweg has been an important mining center, with its main minerals consisting of phosphorites, primarily calcium phosphate. The mining uncovered fossils dating from the late Miocene and early Pliocene, approximately 5 million years ago.  Fossil species found there include invertebrates and also a type of rhinoceros, as well as a mousebird and a diving petrel. The West Coast Fossil Park includes displays of fossils found in a former phosphate mine. Brett Hendey, formally of the Iziko South African Museum, documented the significance of the Langebaanweg fossil sites.

Langebaanweg is also notable as the birthplace of former England cricketer Allan Lamb, who played 79 Tests for his adopted country as well as in the 1987 and 1992 Cricket World Cup Finals.

1992 Cricket World Cup final
The final of the 1992 ICC Cricket World Cup was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne on 25 March 1992. The match was won by Pakistan, under the captaincy of Imran Khan, as they defeated England by 22 runs to lift their first ever World Cup trophy. This was the second Cricket World Cup final to be played outside England and the first in Australia. 87,182 spectators turned out to see the final.
Hemigrapha graphidicola
Hemigrapha graphidicola is a species of fungus in the family Hemigraphaceae. It is a lichenicolous fungus that grows on the thallus of the script lichen Graphis assimilis and has only been collected in Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park in Florida. This state park is located in the Florida Everglades, which makes Hemigrapha graphidicola a mangrove species.

It is identifiable by its black, superficial, flat, roundish to elongate or irregular form.

Hemigrapha species are very similar, so Hemigrapha graphidicola should be identified under a microscope. Hemigrapha graphidicola is unique because it is the first Hemigrapha species that has been described to grow on a corticolous lichen, and the first member that grows on a member of the Graphidaceae. Infection by the fungus does not appear to visibly damage the host lichen.

Hemigrapha graphidicola was first described by Paul Diedrich and Ralph Common in 2019.

Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark. These lichens are characterized by their crust-like growth form and typically partner with orange-pigmented Trentepohlia algae. Many species produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies, and some have unusually large ascospores that can begin germinating almost immediately upon release. The family originated approximately 176 million years ago and has diversified steadily since, with major bursts of new species arising alongside the spread of flowering plants and tropical rainforests.
Gattu Bheemudu
Gattu Bheemudu was an Indian politician belonging to Bharat Rashtra Samithi. He was elected as a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Gadwal in 1999. He died on 12 June 2019 at the age of 67.

Gadwal Assembly constituency
Gadwal Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of 14 constituencies in Mahbubnagar district. It is part of Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency. The incumbent MLA is Bandla Krishna Mohan Reddy of the INC.
Cyperus schinzii
Cyperus schinzii is a species of sedge that is native to the south west of Africa, where it has been found in Angola, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Johann Otto Boeckeler in 1888.

Johann Otto Boeckeler
Johann Otto Boeckeler (12 August 1803 – 5 March 1899) was a German apothecary-botanist of Oldenburg. He specialized in the plant family Cyperaceae (sedges), of which, he was the binomial authority of many species.

He is commemorated with the genus Boeckeleria and the species Bulbostylis boeckeleriana.
Daikai Station
Daikai Station (大開駅, Daikai-eki; station number: HS 37) is a train station on the Hanshin Railway Kobe Kosoku Line in Hyōgo-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It was the first underground structure not crossing an active fault that has completely collapsed during an earthquake without liquefaction of the surrounding soil and was well-documented.

Active fault
An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years.

Active faulting is considered to be a geologic hazard – one related to earthquakes as a cause. Effects of movement on an active fault include strong ground motion, surface faulting, tectonic deformation, landslides and rockfalls, liquefaction, tsunamis, and seiches.

Quaternary faults are those active faults that have been recognized at the surface and which have evidence of movement during the Quaternary Period.

Related geological disciplines for active-fault studies include geomorphology, seismology, reflection seismology, plate tectonics, geodetics and remote sensing, risk analysis, and others.
Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm
The Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Westminster, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a brick house, a brick smokehouse, a stone springhouse, a frame bank barn, and a frame poultry house. The house is a two-story, five-by-two-bay Flemish bond brick structure painted white, and set on a rubble stone foundation. The house was constructed in 1809 or 1810. The farm is significant for its illustration of how German-Swiss immigrants to Maryland became acculturated to the dominant English culture.

The Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Jeff Cowan
Jeff Cowan (born September 27, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Cowan was a left winger and played 434 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). In 2019, he was named the interim head coach of the Saint John Sea Dogs, a Quebec Major Junior Hockey League team.

Winger (sports)
In certain sports, such as football, field hockey, ice hockey, handball, rugby union, lacrosse and rugby league, winger is a position. It refers to positions on the extreme left and right sides of the pitch, or playing field (the "wings"). In American football and Canadian football, the analogous position is the wide receiver. Wingers often try to use pace to exploit extra space available on the flanks that can be made available by their teammates dominating the centre ground. They must be wary however of not crossing the touchline, or sidelines, and going out of play. In sports where the main method of scoring involves attacking a small goal (by whatever name) in the centre of the field, a common tactic is to cross the ball to a central teammate.
Pethia punctata
Pethia punctata, the dotted sawfin barb, is a species of cyprinid fish found in streams and ponds of the Western Ghats of India. There have also been unconfirmed reports that it is also present in Sri Lanka. This species can reach a length of 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in) TL.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Maria Björnson
Maria Elena Björnson (16 February 1949 – 13 December 2002) was a theatre designer. She was born in Paris to a Norwegian father and Romanian mother, and was the great-granddaughter of the Norwegian playwright Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1903.

Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson (/ˈbjɜːrnsən/ BYURN-sən, Norwegian: [ˈbjø̂ːɳstjæːɳə mɑrˈtiːnɪʉ̂s ˈbjø̂ːɳsɔn]; 8 December 1832 – 26 April 1910) was a Norwegian writer who received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit". The first Norwegian Nobel laureate, he was a prolific polemicist and extremely influential in Norwegian public life and Scandinavian cultural debate. Bjørnson is considered to be one of the four great Norwegian writers, alongside Ibsen, Lie, and Kielland. He is also celebrated for his lyrics to the Norwegian national anthem, "Ja, vi elsker dette landet". The composer Fredrikke Waaler based a composition for voice and piano (Spinnersken) on a text by Bjørnson, as did Anna Teichmüller (Die Prinzessin).
Castets et Castillon
Castets et Castillon (Gascon: Castèths e Castilhon) is a commune in the department of Gironde, southwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Castets-en-Dorthe (the seat) and Castillon-de-Castets.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
USS Henderson (DD-785)
USS Henderson (DD-785) was a Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy, the second Navy ship of that name, and the first named for United States Marine Corps Major Lofton R. Henderson. The previous Henderson was named for Marine Corps Commandant Archibald Henderson.

Henderson was laid down by Todd Pacific Shipyards, Seattle, Washington, on 27 October 1944; launched on 28 May 1945; sponsored by Mrs. A. R. Early; and commissioned at Seattle on 4 August 1945.

Yankee Station
17°30′00″N 108°30′00″E﻿ / ﻿17.50000°N 108.50000°E﻿ / 17.50000; 108.50000

Yankee Station (officially Point Yankee) was a fixed coordinate off the coast of Vietnam where U.S. Navy aircraft carriers and support ships operated in open waters over a nine-year period during the Vietnam War.  The location was used primarily by aircraft carriers of Task Force 77 to launch strikes over North Vietnam. While the coordinate's official designation was "Point Yankee", it was universally referred to as Yankee Station. Carriers conducting air operations at Yankee Station were said to be "on the line" (in combat) and statistical summaries were based on days on the line. Yankee Station was initially located at 16° 00′ N, 110° 00′ E, however with a massive increase in operations over North Vietnam in 1966 the station was moved about 145 miles (230 km) northwest to 17° 30′ N, 108° 30′ E, placing it about 90 miles (145 km) from the North Vietnamese shore.
Moorarie Station
25°55′20″S 117°36′00″E﻿ / ﻿25.9221°S 117.6001°E﻿ / -25.9221; 117.6001﻿ (Moorarie)
Moorarie Station is a pastoral lease currently operating as a sheep station in the Murchison district of Western Australia's Mid West region.

The property is situated approximately 117 kilometres (73 mi) northwest of Meekatharra and 400 kilometres (249 mi) east of Carnarvon. It is watered by the southern branch of the Murchison River, the Hope River and the Yalgar River.

Carnarvon, Western Australia
Carnarvon (/kərˈnɑːrvən/ kər-NAR-vən) is a coastal town situated approximately 900 kilometres (560 mi) north of Perth, in Western Australia. It lies at the mouth of the Gascoyne River on the Indian Ocean. The Shark Bay world heritage area lies to the south of the town and the Ningaloo Reef and the tourist town of Exmouth lie to the north. Mungullah Aboriginal Community was formerly in the town however it has moved east of the town.

Inland, Carnarvon has strong links with the town of Gascoyne Junction and the Burringurrah Community. At the 2021 census, Carnarvon had a population of 4,879.
Mount Morgan State High School
Mount Morgan State High School is a heritage-listed state high school and technical college at 4 Central Street, Mount Morgan, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1908. It was formerly known as Mount Morgan Technical College. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 December 2015.

Rockhampton Region
The Rockhampton Region is a local government area (LGA) in Central Queensland, Australia, located on the Tropic of Capricorn about 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of Brisbane.  Rockhampton is the region's major city; the region also includes the Fitzroy River, Mount Archer National Park and Berserker Range.

In the 2021 census, the Rockhampton Region had a population of 81,968 people.
Kim A-lang
Kim A-lang (Korean: 김아랑, born 22 August 1995) is a South Korean former short track speed skater. Kim made her debut on the international stage with two gold medals and one silver medal at the 2013 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships, placing second in the overall ranking. Kim was part of the short track speed skating team in the 3000 m relay that won a gold medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Four years later, she won another gold in the relay at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

2013 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships
The 2013 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships took place from 22 to 24 February 2013 in Warsaw, Poland at the Torwar Hall. The World Championships are organised by the ISU which also run world cups and championships in speed skating and figure skating.
Benny Napoleon
Benny Nelson Napoleon (September 10, 1955 – December 17, 2020) was an American attorney, law enforcement officer, and politician who served as the sheriff of Wayne County, Michigan from 2009 to 2020. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the chief of the Detroit Police Department, and was also a candidate for the office of mayor of Detroit in the 2013 election.

Wayne County, Michigan
Wayne County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the United States census placed its population at 1,793,561, making it the 19th-most populous county in the United States. The county seat is Detroit. The county was founded in 1796 and organized in 1815. Wayne County is included in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of several U.S. counties named after Revolutionary War-era general Anthony Wayne.
Deaths in April 1989
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 1989.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Gymnastics at the 1948 Summer Olympics
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, nine events in gymnastics were contested. Finland led all nations with six gold medals and ten medals overall.

Shortly after the Czechoslovak team arrived in London, 22 year old team member Eliška Misáková was taken ill and confined to an iron lung. She died of infantile paralysis on the same day that her teammates competed. When the Czechoslovak flag was raised at the medal ceremony, it was bordered with a black ribbon.
Troy E. Brown
Troy Earl Brown (born August 22, 1971) is a  Democratic former member of the Louisiana State Senate. From 2012 to 2017, when he resigned his seat in scandal, Brown represented District 2, which includes parts of Ascension, Assumption, Iberville, Lafourche, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, St. James, and West Baton Rouge parishes.

St. James Parish, Louisiana
St. James Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Jacques) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Convent. The parish was created in 1807. St. James Parish is a part of the New Orleans–Metairie, Louisiana metropolitan statistical area, sitting between New Orleans and Baton Rouge on the Mississippi River. According to the 2020 United States census, the population was 20,192.
Viji Thampi
Viji Thampi is an Indian film director, actor, right-wing politician, and social activist who works in Malayalam films. Thampi is a member of Thiruvananthapuram regional board of the Central Board of Film Certification and the State Advisor of Kerala Kshetra Samrakshana Samithi. In 2021, Thampi was appointed as the Kerala State President of the Vishva Hindu Parishad. He was also a Jury member of National film awards declaration committee in 2022.

Central Board of Film Certification
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952." The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited.
Dong-chan
Dong-chan is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Kim Dong-chan (born 1981), South Korean footballer

Cho Dong-chan (born 1983), South Korean baseball player

Fictional characters with this name include:

Ki Dong-chan, in 2014 South Korean television series God's Gift: 14 Days

Cho Dong-chan
Cho Dong-chan (born July 27, 1983) is a South Korean former professional baseball player, who played 16 seasons with the Samsung Lions of the Korea Baseball Organization. His elder brother Cho Dong-hwa is also a professional baseball player for the SK Wyverns. He represented the South Korea national baseball team at the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games.
Maxwell Dunlop (politician)
Maxwell Pollok Dunlop OBE (28 June 1876 – 1 August 1941) was an Australian politician.

He was born in South Yarra to draper John Dunlop and Mary Barr Brown. He attended State schools and then All Saints Grammar in St Kilda. He worked as a farm hand at Dunolly and then became a station manager. On 24 May 1900 he married Eva Sharp, with whom he had two daughters and one son. He later became a dairy farmer at Kyogle, and in 1919 moved to Sydney as secretary of the Primary Producers' Union, of which he was president from 1933 to 1941. From 1932 to 1941 he was a Country Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1938. Dunlop died at Eastwood in 1941.

New South Wales National Party
The New South Wales National Party, officially known as the National Party of Australia – N.S.W. and commonly known as the NSW Nationals, is an Australian political party in New South Wales which forms the state branch of the federal National Party.

The party has generally been the junior partner in a centre-right Coalition with the NSW branch of the Liberal Party of Australia. Since 1927, the Nationals have been in Coalition with the Liberals and their predecessors, the Nationalist Party of Australia (1927–1931), the United Australia Party (1931–1943), and the Democratic Party (1943–1945). During periods of conservative government, the leader of the Nationals also serves as Deputy Premier of New South Wales. When the conservatives are in opposition, the Liberal and National parties usually form a joint opposition bench. New South Wales is the only state where the Coalition has never been broken, and yet has not merged into a unified non-Labor party.
The Foundations of Arithmetic
The Foundations of Arithmetic (German: Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik) is a book by Gottlob Frege, published in 1884, which investigates the philosophical foundations of arithmetic. Frege refutes other idealist and materialist theories of number and develops his own platonist theory of numbers.  The Grundlagen also helped to motivate Frege's later works in logicism.

The book was also seminal in the philosophy of language. Michael Dummett traces the linguistic turn to Frege's Grundlagen and his context principle.

The book was not well received and was not read widely when it was published. It did, however, draw the attentions of Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein, who were both heavily influenced by Frege's philosophy. An English translation was published (Oxford, 1950) by J. L. Austin, with a second edition in 1960.

Mathematical Platonism
Mathematical Platonism is the form of realism that suggests that mathematical entities are abstract, have no spatiotemporal or causal properties, and are eternal and unchanging. This is often claimed to be the view most people have of numbers.
Drunken Silenus (Ribera)
Drunken Silenus is a painting by Jusepe de Ribera, produced in 1626 in Naples and now in the Museo di Capodimonte in Naples.

The central figure is Silenus, lying on a cloth and offering a wine cup to the figure behind him. To the right is Pan, crowning Silenus with vines and surrounded by a shell (the symbol announcing his death) and a turtle (symbol of laziness). At the bottom right is a snake symbolising wisdom.

Museo di Capodimonte
40°52′01.22″N 14°15′01.92″E﻿ / ﻿40.8670056°N 14.2505333°E﻿ / 40.8670056; 14.2505333

Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy designed by Giovanni Antonio Medrano. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works from other Italian schools of painting, and some important ancient Roman sculptures. It is one of the largest museums in Italy. The museum was inaugurated in 1957.