hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Predicate crime
In the criminal law of the United States, a predicate crime or offense is a crime which is a component of a larger crime. The larger crime may be racketeering, money laundering, financing of terrorism, etc.

For example, to violate the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO), a person must "engage in a pattern of racketeering activity", and in particular, must have committed at least two predicate crimes within 10 years. These include bribery, blackmail, extortion, fraud, theft, money laundering, counterfeiting, and illegal gambling.

Crimes are predicate to a larger crime if they have a similar purpose to the larger crime. For example, using false identification is itself a crime; it may be a predicate offense to larceny or fraud if it is used to withdraw money from a bank account.

Predicate crimes can be charged separately or together with the larger crime.

Gaming law
Gambling law is the set of rules and regulations that apply to the gaming or gambling industry. Gaming law is not a branch of law in the traditional sense but rather is a collection of several areas of law that include criminal law, regulatory law, constitutional law, administrative law, company law, contract law, and in some jurisdictions, competition law. At common law, gambling requires consideration, chance and prize, legal terms that must be analyzed by gaming lawyers within the context of any gaming operation.

Gaming law is enormously complex. In the United States, it involves federal and state law considerations, and gaming control boards. In Canada, it involves federal and provincial law considerations, in a variety of legal disciplines.
Chillicothe Commercial Historic District
Chillicothe Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Chillicothe, Livingston County, Missouri.   The district encompasses 24 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential area of Chillicothe. It developed between about 1889 and 1950, and includes representative examples of Queen Anne, Italianate, Beaux Arts, Mission Revival, and Art Deco style architecture. Notable buildings include the Scruby Brothers Building (1893), S. A. Stone Building (c. 1894), Dairy Creme Building (c. 1950), Strand Coffee Shop Building (1936), Strand Hotel and Garage (1925), Norman & Jarvis Funeral Home Building (c. 1916), Empire Theatre (1916), Chillicothe Post Office/Federal Building (1916), Grace & Simpson Apartments (1916), and Loomis Building/Chillicothe Post Office (1898).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Livingston County, Missouri
Livingston County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,557. Its county seat is Chillicothe. The county was organized January 6, 1837, and named for U.S. Secretary of State Edward Livingston.
Hans Erik Matre
Hans Erik Matre (born 14 May 1955) is a Norwegian newspaper editor.

He was born in Ski. He was a subeditor in Vårt Land from 1980 to 1983, and chief editor from 1983 to 1989. He doubled as chief editor and chief executive of both the Norwegian News Agency from 1989 to 1994 and Bergens Tidende from 1994 to 1997, before being hired in Schibsted. From 1988 to 1997 he also chaired the Association of Norwegian Editors. In 2004 he became chief editor of Schibsted's flagship newspaper Aftenposten. He temporarily withdrew in 2008 since he underwent cancer treatment, and in 2009 he resigned on a permanent basis.

Norwegian News Agency
The Norwegian News Agency (Norwegian: Norsk Telegrambyrå; abbreviated NTB) is a Norwegian press agency and wire service that serves most of the largest Norwegian media outlets. The agency is located in Oslo and has bureaus in Brussels in Belgium and Tromsø in northern Norway. NTB operates 24 hours a day, with the night service handled from a bureau in Sydney, Australia since 2015. The photo agency Scanpix is a wholly owned subsidiary of NTB.
Cloverdale, New Brunswick
46°18′11″N 67°21′37″W﻿ / ﻿46.303167°N 67.360333°W﻿ / 46.303167; -67.360333

Cloverdale is a community in the Canadian province of New Brunswick located around the intersection of Route 104 and Route 575. It is situated in Brighton, a parish of Carleton County.  Settlement dated from 1866.  Name possibly descriptive.

Carleton County, New Brunswick
Carleton County (2021 population 26,360) is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada.

The western border is Aroostook County, Maine, the northern border is Victoria County, and the southeastern border is York County from which it was formed in 1831. The Saint John River bisects the western section of the county. The Southwest Miramichi River flows through the eastern section of the county. Potato farming is a major industry. The scenic town of Hartland is home to the longest covered bridge in the world.
Muzo
Muzo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmuso]) is a town and municipality in the Western Boyacá Province, part of the department of Boyacá, Colombia. It is widely known as the world capital of emeralds for the mines containing the world's highest quality gems of this type. Muzo is situated at a distance of 178 kilometres (111 mi) from the departmental capital Tunja and 118 kilometres (73 mi) from the capital of the Western Boyacá Province, Chiquinquirá. The urban centre is at an altitude of 815 metres (2,674 ft) above sea level. Muzo borders Otanche and San Pablo de Borbur in the north, Maripí and Coper in the east, Quípama in the west and the department of Cundinamarca in the south.

Municipalities of Colombia
The municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia.   Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia, with 1,104 municipalities (municipios). Each one of them is led by a mayor (alcalde) elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments.

The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the Federación Colombiana de Municipios (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the constitutional right to free association to defend their common interests.
Hot Cross Bunny
Hot Cross Bunny is a 1948 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies theatrical animated short directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on August 21, 1948, and features Bugs Bunny. The title is a play on the nursery rhyme Hot Cross Buns as well as a punny allusion to the basic plot premise.

Hot Cross Buns (song)
Hot Cross Buns was an English street cry, later perpetuated as a nursery rhyme and an aid in musical education. It refers to the spiced English confection known as a hot cross bun, which is associated with the end of Lent and is eaten on Good Friday in various countries. The song has the Roud Folk Song Index number of 13029.

The most common modern version is quoted as

Hot cross buns!
Hot cross buns!
One a penny, two a penny,
Hot cross buns!

If you have no daughters,
Give them to your sons.
One a penny, two a penny,
Hot cross buns!
Edgar Wilson Award
The Edgar Wilson Award is an annual international award established in 1998 consisting of a monetary award and a plaque allocated annually to amateur comet discoverers. It is administered by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) through the IAU's Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT).

Alain Maury
Alain J. Maury (born 1958) is a French astronomer who has discovered numerous asteroids.

He discovered the periodic comet 115P/Maury as well as the non-periodic C/1988 C1 (Maury-Phinney).

He has discovered a number of asteroids, including the Apollo asteroid 3838 Epona and the Amor asteroids 11284 Belenus and 5370 Taranis.

He participated in the OCA DLR Asteroid Survey (ODAS), which also discovered more than 2200 asteroids during its 30-month lifetime.

The asteroid 3780 Maury was named in his honor.

Since 2003, Maury and his wife Alejandra have operated their own observatory near San Pedro de Atacama in Northern Chile. There, they give tours introducing visitors to the night sky in order to finance their own research and further public interest in astronomy.
Jerry Carter (North Carolina politician)
Jerry Lee Carter (May 27, 1955 – August 3, 2021) was an American politician who served as a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives, having been initially elected in 2018. He represented District 65, covering most of Rockingham County. He was the founder and pastor of Reidsville Baptist Church in Reidsville, North Carolina.

Carter died from complications of surgery at a hospital in Durham, North Carolina, on August 3, 2021, at age 66.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Rodrigo Vélaz
Rodrigo Vélaz (died June 1144) was the dominant figure in mountainous eastern Galicia while the House of Traba dominated its western seaboard under three monarchs—Alfonso VI, Urraca, and Alfonso VII. He was notably loyal to the monarchy, never joining any rebellion. The near-contemporary Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris calls him the "count of Galicia, who held Sarria".

He was a son of Count Vela Ovéquiz and Aldonza Muñoz, daughter of Count Muño Fernández and Elvira. Rodrigo married Urraca Álvarez, daughter of Álvar Fáñez and Mayor Pérez, a daughter of Pedro Ansúrez. Rodrigo and his wife were descended on all sides from the highest ranks of the nobility of León and Castile. The couple had three daughters—Aldonza, Berenguela, and Elvira—and one son, Álvaro Rodríguez, who was later a count like his father. On 6 August 1130 Rodrigo and Urraca made a donation to the Cathedral of Lugo, their first recorded act as husband and wife.

Urraca of León and Castile
Urraca (León, 1081 – Saldaña, 8 March 1126), called the Reckless (La Temeraria), was Queen of León, Castile and Galicia from 1109 until her death. She claimed the imperial title as suo jure Empress of All Spain and Empress of All Galicia. She is considered to be the first European queen to reign in her own right.
Jean-Mathieu Seras
Jean-Mathieu Seras or Serras (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ matjø səʁɑ / sɛʁɑ]; 16 April 1765 – 14 April 1815) was born in northwest Italy, but adhered to the French Revolution and joined the French army. He became a division commander in the First French Empire under Napoleon and led troops in Italy and Spain. Seras is one of the names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe on Column 25.

Charles Oman
Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman, KBE, FBA (12 January 1860 – 23 June 1946) was a British military historian. His reconstructions of medieval battles from the fragmentary and distorted accounts left by chroniclers were pioneering.
Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine
On 5 January 2019, Bartholomew I, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, signed the tomos that officially recognized and established the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and granted it autocephaly (self-governorship). The events immediately leading to the grant of autocephaly were:

On 11 October 2018, the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate announced that it would "proceed to the granting of autocephaly to the Church of Ukraine", making it independent from the Russian Orthodox Church.

This decision led the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church to break communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 15 October 2018, which marked the beginning of the 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism.

On 15 December 2018 a unification council founded the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.

On 5 January 2019, Patriarch Bartholomew signed the tomos of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.

Full communion
Full communion is a communion or relationship of full agreement among different Christian denominations or Christian individuals that share certain essential principles of Christian theology. Views vary among denominations on exactly what constitutes full communion, but typically when two or more denominations are in full communion it enables services and celebrations, such as the Eucharist, to be shared among congregants or clergy of any of them with the full approval of each.
Music of the Faroe Islands
Faroese music is primarily vocal, accompanied by the fiddle (which arrived in the 17th century) and European dances like the minuet and polka. During the twentieth century choirs have played an important role in the musical history of the Faroes, and some of the best known current choirs are Tarira, Havnarkórið, Tórshavnar Manskór, Ljómur, Fuglafjarðar Gentukór, and the choirs situated in Copenhagen: Húsakórið and Mpiri.

Húsakórið
Húsakórið is a Faroese choir situated in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the oldest and largest Faroese choir outside the Faroe Islands, and has become an important social institution for Faroese living in the Copenhagen area. Its conductors have been Marianne Clausen (1978-2000), the famous Faroese composer Sunleif Rasmussen (2000-2001), and Tórður á Brúnni (2001–present). In 2004, the choir toured the Faroe Islands.
Praseodymium(III) oxide
Praseodymium(III) oxide, praseodymium oxide or praseodymia is the chemical compound composed of praseodymium and oxygen with the formula Pr2O3. It forms light green hexagonal crystals. Praseodymium(III) oxide crystallizes in the manganese(III) oxide or bixbyite structure.

Hexagonal crystal family
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal families, which includes two crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and two lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral). While commonly confused, the trigonal crystal system and the rhombohedral lattice system are not equivalent (see section crystal systems below). In particular, there are crystals that have trigonal symmetry but belong to the hexagonal lattice (such as α-quartz).

The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice, and is the union of the hexagonal crystal system and the trigonal crystal system. There are 52 space groups associated with it, which are exactly those whose Bravais lattice is either hexagonal or rhombohedral.
Repetobasidiopsis
Repetobasidiopsis is a fungal genus of unknown familial placement in the order Polyporales. It contains the crust fungus species Repetobasidiopsis grandispora. The genus and species were first proposed in 2006, but two different herbaria were designated for the types of the two new species described in that publication, in contravention of the rules for describing new species.  The specific epithet grandisporus refers to the large-sized spores in comparison with the morphologically similar genus Repetobasidiellum. The generic name Repetobasidiopsis alludes to the proliferating, or repeating, basidia. Two years later the genus was published validly.

Repetobasidiopsis grandispora is found in Eastern Himalaya, India, where it grows on decaying bamboo. It has a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae measuring up to 2.3 μm. Its spores are ellipsoidal, non-amyloid, and measure 10–14 by 4.0–5.8 μm.

Amyloid (mycology)
In mycology a tissue or feature is said to be amyloid if it has a positive amyloid reaction when subjected to a crude chemical test using iodine as an ingredient of either Melzer's reagent or Lugol's solution, producing a blue to blue-black staining. The term "amyloid" is derived from the Latin amyloideus ("starch-like"). It refers to the fact that starch gives a similar reaction, also called an amyloid reaction. The test can be on microscopic features, such as spore walls or hyphal walls, or the apical apparatus or entire ascus wall of an ascus, or be a macroscopic reaction on tissue where a drop of the reagent is applied. Negative reactions, called inamyloid or nonamyloid, are for structures that remain pale yellow-brown or clear. A reaction producing a deep reddish to reddish-brown staining is either termed a dextrinoid reaction (pseudoamyloid is a synonym) or a hemiamyloid reaction.
Alliterative Revival
The Alliterative Revival is a term adopted by literary historians to refer to the resurgence of poetry using the alliterative verse form in Middle English between c. 1350 and 1500. Alliterative verse was the traditional verse form of Old English poetry; the last known alliterative poem prior to the Revival was Layamon's Brut, which dates from around 1190.

Scholarly opinion has been divided on whether the Alliterative Revival represented a conscious revival of an old artistic tradition, or merely signified that despite the tradition continuing in some form between 1200 and 1350, no poems survived in written form. Major works of the Revival include William Langland's Piers Plowman, the Alliterative Morte Arthure, and the works of the Gawain Poet: Pearl, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Cleanness, and Patience.

William Dunbar
William Dunbar (1459 or 1460 – by 1530) was a Scottish makar, or court poet, active in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. He was closely associated with the court of King James IV and produced a large body of work in Scots distinguished by its great variation in themes and literary styles. He was probably a native of East Lothian, as assumed from a satirical reference in The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie. His surname is also spelt Dumbar.
Francis Joyce
Francis Matthew Joyce (16 December 1886 – 23 September 1958) was an English cricketer active from 1911 to 1920 who played for Leicestershire. He was born in Leicestershire, educated at Bedford School, and died in Earl's Court. He appeared in sixteen first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm fast medium. He scored 431 runs with a highest score of 73 and took seventeen wickets with a best performance of five for 117.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Regent Square, London
Regent Square is a public square and street in St Pancras, London, England, since 1965 part of the London Borough of Camden. It is located near Kings Cross and Bloomsbury.

Regent Square was laid out around a large garden in the historic Harrison Estate and first occupied in 1829, forming a garden square similar to more famous ones to the west in Bloomsbury.  The southern side of the square is composed of its original buildings, and is Grade II listed in its entirety. Also listed is the phone box within the square gardens themselves.

Regent Square was home to the National Scotch Church (the 'Caledonian Church') – the first purpose-built Scottish Gaelic Presbyterian church in London – which was built between 1824 and 1827. In 1843, it became an English Presbyterian church.  The square was also home to St Peter's Church, a Church of England church. Both churches were struck by bombs in World War II and subsequently demolished.

King's Cross, London
King's Cross is a district in the London boroughs of Camden and Islington, on either side of Euston Road in north London, England, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Charing Cross, bordered by Barnsbury to the north, Clerkenwell to the southeast, Angel to the east, Holborn and Bloomsbury to the south, Somers Town to the west and Camden Town to the northwest. It is served by two major rail termini, St Pancras and King's Cross. King's Cross station is the terminus of one of the major rail routes between London and the North.

The area, which was historically the south-eastern part of the parish and borough of St Pancras, and once known for drug-dealing and prostitution, has undergone significant regeneration since the mid-1990s. The introduction of the Eurostar rail service at St Pancras International and the rebuilding of King's Cross station helped stimulate the redevelopment of the long-derelict railway lands to the north of the termini.
Michael Murphy (Fine Gael politician)
Michael Murphy is an Irish Fine Gael politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary South constituency since the 2024 general election.

He was elected to South Tipperary County Council in 2009, was a member of Tipperary County Council from 2014 to 2024. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 2011 general election for Tipperary South.

In April 2025 he was nominated by Tánaiste Simon Harris as chair of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Transport.

Tipperary County Council
Tipperary County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Thiobraid Árann) is the local authority of County Tipperary, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 40 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, Joe MacGrath. The administrative centres are Nenagh and Clonmel.
2008 Aéreo Ruta Maya crash
On August 24, 2008, an Aéreo Ruta Maya Cessna Caravan 208 carrying 10 American aid workers, two Guatemalan aid agency representatives, pilot and copilot en route from La Aurora International Airport, Guatemala City to El Estor, crashed 45 minutes after takeoff. The crash killed all occupants but three aid workers. The aircraft went down in a field 60 miles east of Guatemala City after the pilot reported an engine failure and was attempting an emergency landing. The aid workers were members of Choice Humanitarian, a West Jordan, Utah based humanitarian group on their way to the village of Sepamac.

Cessna 208 Caravan
The Cessna 208 Caravan is a utility aircraft produced by Cessna.

The project was commenced on November 20, 1981, and the prototype first flew on December 9, 1982.
The production model was certified by the FAA in October 1984 and its Cargomaster freighter variant was developed for FedEx.
The 4 ft (1.2 m) longer 208B Super Cargomaster first flew in 1986 and was developed into the passenger 208B Grand Caravan.

The strutted, high wing 208 typically seats nine passengers in its unpressurized cabin, is powered by a single Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A tractor turboprop and has a fixed tricycle landing gear, floats, or skis.

By 2022, 3,000 had been delivered and 24 million flight hours have been logged. Caravans have been used for flight training, commuter airlines, VIP transport, air cargo, skydiving and humanitarian missions.