hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hydrazone iodination
Hydrazone iodination is an organic reaction in which a hydrazone is converted into a vinyl iodide by reaction of iodine and a non-nucleophilic base such as DBU. First published by Derek Barton in 1962 the reaction is sometimes referred to as the Barton reaction (although there are many different Barton reactions) or, more descriptively, as the Barton vinyl iodine procedure.

The reaction has earlier roots with the 1911 discovery by Wieland and Roseeu that the reaction of hydrazones with iodine alone (without base) results in the azine dimer (structure 2 in scheme 1).

In the original Barton publication the reaction was optimized by using a strong guanidine base, the inverse addition of the hydrazone to an iodine solution, and by exclusion of water.

When iodine as an electrophile is replaced by aromatic selenyl bromides, the corresponding vinyl selenides are obtained:

Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.
Jhoanna
Jhoanna Christine Burgos Robles (born January 26, 2004), known mononymously as Jhoanna, is a Filipino singer, actress and dancer under Star Music. She is the leader of the Filipino girl group Bini.

From 2018 to 2019, Jhoanna had bit roles in the TV shows Kadenang Ginto (transl. Golden Chain) and Maalaala Mo Kaya (transl. Would You Remember). In 2023, Jhoanna starred in the music video for "Maharani" (transl. Great Queen) by Alamat, portraying a student who forms a romantic bond with her classmate. The following year, she also starred in the music video for "Misteryoso" (transl. Mysterious) by Cup of Joe.

In two separate runs from 2023 to 2024, Jhoanna portrayed Eds, the protagonist of Tabing Ilog the Musical, a theater adaptation of the teen drama Tabing Ilog (transl. Riverside). She alternated the role with Vivoree Esclito and Sheena Belarmino. Jia Pizarro Bote of When in Manila praised Jhoanna's performance, writing that she proved her versatility in the musical.

When in Manila
When in Manila is an online metro guide book focused on Manila and the Philippines. It was created by Vince Golangco on September 1, 2009. The site publishes news, reviews, and information on various topics, including food, culture, music, fashion, travel, and lifestyle.
Walter Breisky
Walter Breisky (8 July 1871 – 25 September 1944) was an Austrian jurist, civil servant, and politician.
Nominated by the Christian Social Party, Breisky served as minister of education and the interior from July to November 1920, as the vice chancellor and state secretary of education from November 1920 to May 1922.
Together with his Social Democratic deputy, Otto Glöckel, Breisky initiated sweeping reforms of Austria's education system.
In January 1922, Breisky became the caretaker chancellor of Austria for a single day.

Ministry of Education (Austria)
The Ministry of Education (German: Bundesministerium für Bildung, Bildungsministerium, historically also Unterrichtsministerium) is the government ministry of Austria in charge of public schools and academic institutions.

The current head of the Ministry is Christoph Wiederkehr.
She's Dressed to Kill
She's Dressed to Kill is a 1979 American television slasher film directed by Gus Trikonis and starring Jessica Walter, John Rubinstein, Connie Sellecca, Jim McMullan, Clive Revill, and Gretchen Corbett. Its plot follows a fashion designer who holds a party at her mansion, where the guests begin to get murdered. The film was also known under the title Someone's Killing the World's Greatest Models.

Clive Revill
Clive Selsby Revill (18 April 1930 – 11 March 2025) was a New Zealand actor and singer, best known for his performances in musical theatre and the London stage. A veteran of the Royal Shakespeare Company, he also starred in numerous films and television programmes, often in character parts. He was a two-time Tony Award nominee, as Best Featured Actor in a Musical for Irma La Douce and Best Actor in a Musical for Oliver!.

His film work also included voicing Emperor Palpatine in the original theatrical version of The Empire Strikes Back (1980), and roles in Modesty Blaise (1966), The Assassination Bureau (1969), The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), The Legend of Hell House (1973), and Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993). Revill was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Billy Wilder's Avanti! (1972). Later in his career, he was active as a voice actor in many animated productions and video games.
The Grenadier
The Grenadier is a public house in Belgravia, London. It was originally built in 1720 as the officers' mess for the senior infantry regiment of the British army, the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, and located in a courtyard of their barracks. It was opened to the public in 1818 as The Guardsman, and subsequently renamed in honour of the Grenadier Guards' actions in the Battle of Waterloo.

Being secluded in a wealthy district of London, it was frequented in the past by the Duke of Wellington and King George IV. More recent customers have included Madonna and Prince William. It is also said to be haunted by the ghost of a subaltern who was beaten to death for cheating at cards.

In 2022, the pub was bought by Ineos, being the favourite pub of Jim Ratcliffe, the founder of Ineos. The Ineos Grenadier motor car, and in turn the Ineos Grenadiers cycling team, are named after it.

Ineos
Ineos Group Limited (/ˈɪniːjɒs/; IN-ee-yos) is a British multinational conglomerate headquartered and registered in London. As of 2025, it was the ninth largest chemical company in the world, with additional operations in fuel, packaging and food, construction, automotive, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and professional sports. Ineos is organised into about 20 standalone business units, each with its own board and operating almost entirely independently, although founder Jim Ratcliffe, who owns a controlling interest, and his associates, who collectively own a minority share, sit on their boards occasionally.
Bisola Biya
Bisola Biya (born Abisola Esther Biya on 21 December 1992) born in Lagos is a Nigerian-Canadian author. Her book "Life Lessons… My Path to Happiness" was published on the 24th of March, 2018 by Parrésia Publishers, Nigeria, and has been described as "a timely expression of Nigeria's socio-economic reality, with viable advice on how to counter the demons of contemporary society and achieve all -round intelligence."

She is also an environmental activist and has helped in raising the awareness of plastic pollution in Nigeria."

."

Bisola was born to Wale and Clara Biya in Lagos, where she spent most of her early years before moving to Ibadan for her teenage years. She then undertook further studies in the UK for schooling, earning both a bachelor's and master's degree in Business and Management.

Before returning to work in Lagos, Biya had worked in London and New York. In 2018, she released her debut book "Life Lessons…My Path to Happiness"(ISBN 9789785529432).

Awareness
In psychology and philosophy, awareness is the perception or knowledge of something. The concept is often synonymous with consciousness; however, one can be aware of something without being explicitly conscious of it (e.g., blindsight).

The states of awareness are also associated with the states of experience, so that the structure represented in awareness is mirrored in the structure of experience.
Teghra, Bihiya
Teghra is a village in Bihiya block of Bhojpur district in Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 3,049, in 420 households. It is located northeast of Bihiya, at a crossroads, with one road running north–south from Jhaua to Jagdishpur and the other running east–west from Arrah to Shahpur.

Behea, Bihar
Behea or Bihiya (historically spelled in British sources as Bihiā or Beheea) is a nagar panchayat town and block in Bhojpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. Historically, it was a seat of the Harihoban Rajputs and later, in the colonial era, became the headquarters of the influential Bihiā Estate. The town is particularly notable for the 19th-century invention of the Bihiā Mill, a bullock-powered sugar mill that became widely adopted.
Fencing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre
The men's sabre was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme in Antwerp, Belgium. It was the sixth appearance of the event. A total of 43 fencers from 9 nations competed in the event, which was held on August 25 and August 26, 1920. Nations were limited to eight fencers each. The event was won by Nedo Nadi of Italy, one of his five gold medals in 1920. His brother Aldo Nadi took silver. Adrianus de Jong of the Netherlands finished third. They were the first medals in the individual men's sabre for both countries. This was the only time from 1908 to 1964 that Hungary did not win the men's sabre—with no Hungarian fencers competing after the nation was disinvited after World War I.

Adrianus de Jong
Adrianus Egbert Willem "Adriaan" "Arie" de Jong (21 June 1882 – 23 December 1966) was a fencer who competed at five Olympic Games.

However, he had his greatest international success with the sabre, where he won the first two World Championships in 1922 and 1923.

With the épée, he won bronze at the 1912 Olympics and silver at the 1922 world championships.

During the individual sabre event at the 1924 Olympics, he reached the semi-finals against Hungarian Sándor Pósta and was leading by three hits when an audience member fell through his chair. This distracted the jury, who failed to see De Jong's decisive hit. Disrupted, De Jong lost the bout. De Jong eventually finished fifth (one ahead of eventual seven-time Danish Olympian Ivan Joseph Martin Osiier) while Pósta went on to win gold.
Lycian language
The Lycian language (𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊍𐊆 Trm̃mili) was the language of the ancient Lycians who occupied the Anatolian region known during the Iron Age as Lycia. Most texts date back to the fifth and fourth century BC. Two languages are known as Lycian: regular Lycian or Lycian A, and Lycian B or Milyan.
Lycian became extinct around the beginning of the first century BC, replaced by the Ancient Greek language during the Hellenization of Anatolia. Lycian had its own alphabet, which was closely related to the Greek alphabet but included at least one character borrowed from Carian as well as characters proper to the language. The words were often separated by two points.

Lukka lands
The Lukka lands (sometimes Luqqa lands) were an  ancient region of Anatolia. They are known from Hittite and Egyptian texts, which viewed them as hostile. It is commonly accepted that the Bronze Age toponym Lukka is cognate with the Lycia of classical antiquity.
Charles d'Aspremont Lynden
Charles Albert Ferdinand Gobert, comte d'Aspremont Lynden (31 October 1888 – 21 June 1967) was a Belgian landowner, politician and cabinet minister. He was also a member of the right wing of the Catholic Party. He was the father of Harold Charles d'Aspremont Lynden, another politician and cabinet minister.

Born in Brussels, he became a doctor of law. He was elected a senator (1936-1939 and 1946-1961) and a representative (1939-1946) for the 
arrondissement of Dinant-Philippeville. He served as Minister for Agriculture (1939-1940) and Minister Without Portfolio (1940-1944), both in the Belgian Government in Exile. He died in Natoye.

Natoye
Natoye is a village and a district in the municipality of Hamois, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

During the Middle Ages the area was divided between the County of Namur, which owned the village Natoye, and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, which owned the hamlet of Skeuvre. There is a fortified farm from the 17th century in the village, as well as a château, dating largely from a reconstruction made in 1875. In Skeuvre, there is also a château, an ensemble of buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries.
La favorite
La favorite (The Favourite, frequently referred to by its Italian title: La favorita) is a grand opera in four acts by Gaetano Donizetti to a French-language libretto by Alphonse Royer and Gustave Vaëz, based on the play Le comte de Comminges by Baculard d'Arnaud with additions by Eugène Scribe based on the story of Leonora de Guzman. The opera concerns the romantic struggles of the King of Castile, Alfonso XI, and his mistress, the "favourite" Leonora, against the backdrop of the political wiles of receding Moorish Spain and the life of the Catholic Church. It premiered on 2 December 1840 at the Académie Royale de Musique (Salle Le Peletier) in Paris.

François-Thomas-Marie de Baculard d'Arnaud
François-Thomas-Marie de Baculard d'Arnaud (8 September 1718 – 8 November 1805) was a French writer, playwright, poet and novelist. His series of novellas Les Épreuves du sentiment inspired Bellini's opera Adelson e Salvini.
Haliyadda
Haliyadda is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within the Kandy district of Central Province. It is 11.4 kilometres (7.1 miles) from Kandy, the capital of Central Province, and 85 kilometres (53 miles) from Colombo. The closest airport is Bandaranaike International Airport which is 73 kilometres (45 miles) to the west. The campaign of Danture took place 1.2 kilometres away (0.75 mi), and the sacred city of Kandy is another nearby historical site.

Kandy
Kandy (Sinhala: මහනුවර, romanised: Mahanuwara [mahanuʋərə] ⓘ; Tamil: கண்டி, romanised: Kaṇṭi [ˈkaɳɖi] ⓘ) is a major city located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It was the last capital of the Sinhalese monarchy from 1469 to 1818, under the Kingdom of Kandy. The city is situated in the midst of hills in the Kandy plateau. Kandy is the administrative  capital of the Central Province, and considered as the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, due to its architectural heritage. Kandy is the home of the Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), one of the most important places of the Buddhist world. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. Historically the local Buddhist rulers resisted Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial expansion and occupation.
Gaultheria appressa
Gaultheria appressa, the waxberry or white waxberry, is a shrub in the family Ericaceae. The species is endemic to Australia. It has an erect or spreading habit, growing to between 0.5 and 2 metres (1.6 and 6.6 ft) high, and has reddish brown hairs on its stems. Leaves are 3 to 8 cm (1.2 to 3.1 in) long and 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.18 in) wide with small teeth along the edges. Flowers appear in groups of three to eleven in racemes in late spring to summer. The sepals become fleshy, white and enlarged during fruit formation. The fruits are between 7 and 10 millimetres (0.28 and 0.39 in) in diameter.

The species occurs in woodland, forest, subalpine scrub  and rainforest margins in New South Wales and Victoria. In the Greater Sydney region it is recorded in areas with an altitude of between 800 and 1,000 metres (2,600 and 3,300 ft) and with an annual rainfall of 1,000 mm (39 in).

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
UrduPoint
UrduPoint is an Urdu-language web portal in Pakistan, launched on 14 August 2000. As of April 2016, it ranked as the 6th most visited website in Pakistan and held a global rank of 1045 (April 2016).

UrduPoint has partnered with digital media company Ziff Davis, a division of J2 Global, to introduce Mashable Pakistan, offering content in both Urdu and English.

Additionally, UrduPoint is available for free through Internet.org (now freebasics.com), a service initiated by Facebook in Pakistan.

In 2019, UrduPoint became the official digital media partner of the Multan Sultans for the fourth season of the Pakistan Super League. In 2020, UrduPoint's YouTube channel boasted over 8 million active subscribers.

Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL), also known as HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan, organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

Founded by the PCB in 2015, the league currently features (since 2018 PSL) six city-based franchise teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by the investors.

Each team plays the group-stage matches in a double round-robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

As of 2025, there have been ten seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars are the most successful teams, both winning three titles each.
Ishar Singh (havildar)
Havildar Ishar Singh, IOM, IDSM (1858 – 12 September 1897), was an Indian soldier and war hero of the 36th Sikhs. He was known leading the regiment on a last stand against the 10,000-12,000 strong Pashtun tribesmen with only 20 other men at the Battle of Saragarhi. After sustaining enough resistance, Singh was fighting alone but refused to surrender and fought to the death along with the rest.

Last stand
A last stand, or a final stand, is a military situation in which a body of troops holds a defensive position in the face of overwhelming and virtually insurmountable odds. Troops may make a last stand due to a sense of duty; because they are defending a tactically crucial point; to buy time to enable a trapped army, person, or group of people to escape; due to fear of execution if captured; or to protect their ruler or leader. Last stands loom large in history, as the heroism and sacrifice of the defenders exert a large pull on the public's imagination. Some last stands have become a celebrated part of a fighting force's or a country's history, especially if the defenders accomplished their goals (or, in rare cases, defeated their attackers).
Durgon, West Virginia
Durgon is an unincorporated community in Hardy County, West Virginia, United States. It is located on US 220/WV 28/WV 55 at the routes' junction with County Route 220/5, west of Moorefield along the South Branch Potomac River.

West Virginia Route 55
West Virginia Route 55 is an east–west state highway in West Virginia. The western terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 19 in Muddlety. The eastern terminus is at the Virginia state line six miles (10 km) east of Wardensville, where WV 55 continues as Virginia State Route 55. From Moorefield to the Virginia state line, WV 55 is concurrent with U.S. Route 48. This portion includes the Clifford Hollow Bridge.
Erica Krauth
Erica Krauth (born 20 May 1981) is an Argentine retired tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of 229 in singles, achieved on 16 August 2004, and 103 in doubles, set on 11 October 2004. Krauth won two singles and 23 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

She made her main-draw debut on the WTA Tour at the 2009 Swedish Open and 2009 Gastein Ladies in the doubles event partnering Hanna Nooni.

Krauth retired from professional tennis 2010.

2009 Gastein Ladies
The 2009 Gastein Ladies was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 3rd edition of the Gastein Ladies, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour. It was held in Bad Gastein, Austria, from 20 July until 26 July 2009. Unseeded Andrea Petkovic won the singles title.
Macedonia (food)
Macedonia (French: macédoine) is a French culinary term referring to a salad composed of small pieces of fruit or vegetables. Fruit Macedonia is a fresh fruit salad and is a common dessert in Greece, Romania, Spain, France, Italy and South America. Vegetable Macedonia or Macédoine de légumes nowadays is usually a cold salad or hors d'oeuvre of diced vegetables, in France often including red beans. Macédoine de légumes is also a hot vegetable dish consisting of the same vegetables served with butter. Prepared macédoine, a mixture of diced vegetables and often peas, is often sold canned or frozen. It is sometimes mixed with mayonnaise combined with aspic stock, making it similar to Russian salad.

Aspic
Aspic (/ˈæspɪk/) or meat jelly is a savoury gelatin made with a meat stock or broth, set in a mold to encase other ingredients. These often include pieces of meat, seafood, vegetable, or eggs. Aspic is also sometimes referred to as aspic gelée or aspic jelly. In its simplest form, aspic is essentially a gelatinous version of conventional soup.
ISO 3166-2:LC
ISO 3166-2:LC is the entry for Saint Lucia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Saint Lucia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for ten districts.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is LC, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Saint Lucia. The second part is two digits (01–12) except 04 and 09.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
The Peoples of Middle-earth
The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996) is the 12th and final volume of The History of Middle-earth, edited by Christopher Tolkien from the unpublished manuscripts of his father J. R. R. Tolkien. Some characters (including Anairë, the wife of Fingolfin) only appear here, as do a few other works that did not fit anywhere else.

Elves in Middle-earth
In J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, Elves are the first fictional race to appear in Middle-earth. Unlike Men and Dwarves, Elves  do not die of disease or old age. Should they die in battle or of grief, their souls go to the Halls of Mandos in Aman. After a long life in Middle-earth, Elves yearn for the Earthly Paradise of Valinor, and can sail there from the Grey Havens. They are prominent in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, and their history is described in detail in The Silmarillion.

Tolkien derived Elves from mentions in the ancient poetry and languages of Northern Europe, especially Old English. These suggested to him that Elves were large, dangerous, beautiful, lived in wild natural places, and practised archery. He invented languages for the Elves, including Sindarin and Quenya.

Tolkien-style Elves have become a staple of fantasy literature. They have appeared, too, in film and role-playing game adaptations of Tolkien's works.