hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muriel Oxenberg Murphy
Muriel Oxenberg Murphy (October 09, 1926 – October 13, 2008) was an American museum curator, art historian and socialite. She was born on October 09, 1926, in New York, and died of breast cancer on October 13, 2008, at the age of 82. She was best known for her salon in New York, after co-founding the Department of American Painting and Sculpture at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She was an associate producer of the Firing Line television show and also a director of the American Chess Federation (which became the United States Chess Federation). She was a member of the Century Association.

William Gaddis
William Thomas Gaddis Jr. (December 29, 1922 – December 16, 1998) was an American novelist.
The first and longest of his five novels, The Recognitions, was named one of TIME magazine's 100 best novels from 1923 to 2005
and two others, J R and A Frolic of His Own, won the annual U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.
A collection of his essays was published posthumously as The Rush for Second Place (2002). The Letters of William Gaddis was published by Dalkey Archive Press in February 2013.

A MacArthur Fellow, Gaddis is widely considered one of the first and most important American postmodern writers.
Naum Idelson
Naum Ilyich Idelson (Russian: Наум Ильич Идельсон) (March 1(13), 1885, Saint Petersburg - July 14, 1951, Leningrad) was a Soviet theoretical astronomer and expert in history of physics and mathematics.

The crater Idelson on the Moon is named after him.

Idelʹson (crater)
Idelʹson is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies just behind the southern lunar limb, in a region that is sometimes brought into view of the Earth due to libration. Idel'son is situated to the southwest of the huge walled plain Schrödinger.

The northern rim of Idelʹson is overlain by the larger crater Ganswindt, reversing the usual order of smaller craters on top of larger impacts usually seen on the Moon. The outer glacis of Ganswindt covers nearly half the interior floor of Idelʹson, reaching to the midpoint. The remainder of the interior and rim of the crater has been partly overlain by ejecta, producing a rounded, lumpy surface. Still the surviving outer rim remains distinct, and is not overlain by any other impacts of note. The largest impact within the interior is a tiny crater next to the southeastern inner wall.
Tizimín Municipality
Tizimín Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán. The municipality is located in the north-east of the Mexican state of Yucatán, and it is the largest municipality in the state with a territory that is 11% of the total area of the state. As of 2005 it also has the second largest population of any municipality in the state, the largest being Mérida and the third largest being Valladolid.

The city of Tizimín is the municipal seat and is located at about 160 km east of Mérida, Yucatán, 200 km west of Cancún, Quintana Roo, and 42 km south of Río Lagartos, the city's traditional sea port on the Gulf of Mexico. The municipal seat's population of 42,283 is about 60% of the total population of the municipality.

The word "Tizimin" means "tapir" in the Maya language. With the Spanish conquest of Yucatán, Tizimín was established as a Spanish colonial town in 1544.

Tapir
Tapirs (/ˈteɪpər/ TAY-pər) are large herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk (proboscis). Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America and Southeast Asia. They are one of three extant branches of Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), alongside equines and rhinoceroses. Only a single genus, Tapirus, is currently extant. Tapirs migrated into South America during the Pleistocene epoch from North America after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama as part of the Great American Interchange. Tapirs were present across North America, but became extinct in the region at the end of the Late Pleistocene, around 12,000 years ago.
Gilchrist Maclagan
Gilchrist Stanley Maclagan (5 October 1879 – 25 April 1915) was a British rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action during the First World War.

Maclagan was born in London, the son of Dr. T. J. Maclagan. He was educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford. When he was at Oxford University, he coxed the Oxford boat in the Boat Race for four years from 1899 to 1902. He joined Leander Club and coxed their boat at Henley Royal Regatta from 1899 to 1908. He set the record of being the only man to be in the winning crew in the Grand Challenge Cup six times. In 1908, he was cox of the Leander eight, which won the gold medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Maclagan became a member of the London Stock Exchange in 1904. In World War I, Maclagan served as a lieutenant in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. He was killed in action in Pilckem Ridge, at the Second Battle of Ypres, aged 35, and is commemorated on the Menin Gate.

Leander Club
Leander Club, founded in 1818, is one of the oldest rowing clubs in the world, and the oldest non-academic club. It is based in Remenham in Berkshire, England and adjoins Henley-on-Thames. Only three other surviving clubs were founded prior to Leander: Brasenose College Boat Club and Jesus College Boat Club (the two competing in a Head race in 1815) and Westminster School Boat Club, founded in 1813.
Amit Kshatriya
Amit Kshatriya is the associate administrator of NASA, the agency's highest-ranking civil servant position. He was previously deputy associate administrator for the Moon to Mars Program Office, and prior to that, he worked on the Space Launch System, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems aspects of the Artemis program. From 2014 to 2017, he was an International Space Station flight director and the lead flight director of Expedition 50, for which he received the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal. He was also the lead robotics officer for the SpaceX Dragon demonstration mission for the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program.

Acting NASA administrator Sean Duffy announced the selection of Kshatriya as associate administrator in a statement on September 3, 2025.

Artemis program
The Artemis program is a Moon exploration program led by the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), formally established in 2017 through Space Policy Directive-1. The program intends to reestablish a human presence on the Moon for the first time since the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, with a stated long-term goal of establishing a permanent base on the Moon, which is expected to facilitate human missions to Mars.

Two principal elements of the Artemis program are derived from the now-cancelled Constellation program: the Orion spacecraft (with the ESM instead of a US-built service module) and the Space Launch System's (SLS) solid rocket boosters (originally developed for the Ares V). Other elements of the program, such as the Lunar Gateway space station and the Human Landing System, are in development by government space agencies and private spaceflight companies, collaborations bound by the Artemis Accords and governmental contracts.
James William Baskin
James William Baskin (January 4, 1920 – January 8, 1999) was a Canadian politician, businessman and lumberman. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Progressive Conservative Party to represent the riding of Renfrew South in the 1957 federal election. He was re-elected in 1958 and 1962.

The son of James Robert Baskin and Ethel Gill, he was educated in Norwood. In 1940, he married Gladys L. Scott. Baskin operated a wholesale lumber business in Renfrew.

He lost in the elections of 1963, 1965 and 1968, the latter in which he was a candidate for the riding of Lanark and Renfrew. Prior to his federal political experience, he served in World War II in the Royal Canadian Air Force for five years.

Renfrew South (federal electoral district)
Renfrew South was a federal riding represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1968. It was located in the province of Ontario. The federal riding was created by the British North America Act 1867 and was abolished in 1966, with the riding being apportioned into Frontenac—Lennox and Addington, Lanark and Renfrew, and Renfrew North.
HMS Cumberland (1710)
HMS Cumberland was a three-deck 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Joseph Allin the elder at Deptford Dockyard and launched on 27 December 1710. Her design corresponded to that laid down by the 1706 Establishment of dimensions for 80-gun ships.

On 4 September 1733 she was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Woolwich according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment. She was relaunched on 11 July 1739. In 1747, she was reduced to a 56-gun ship.

Cumberland sank while anchored off the Indian port of Goa on the night of 2 November 1760. Her captain, Robert Kirk, faced a court martial for the loss of his ship, but was acquitted. The court found that Cumberland's sinking "proceeded from her being entirely decayed, and not in a condition to have proceeded to sea."

Woolwich
Woolwich (/ˈwʊlɪtʃ, -ɪdʒ/) is a market town in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throughout the 16th to 20th centuries. After several decades of economic hardship and social deprivation, the area now has several large-scale urban renewal projects.
A Horrible Way to Die
A Horrible Way to Die is a 2010 American horror film directed and edited by Adam Wingard, written by co-producer Simon Barrett, and starring A. J. Bowen, Amy Seimetz, Joe Swanberg, Brandon Carroll, and Lane Hughes. The story follows an escaped serial killer as he chases down his recovering alcoholic ex-girlfriend who is responsible for his incarceration. The film had its world premiere at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival Vanguard program where it was picked up for distribution by Anchor Bay Entertainment. It also played at Fantastic Fest where it received three major awards: Best Screenplay for Simon Barrett, Best Actor for A. J. Bowen and Best Actress for Amy Seimetz.

Fantastic Fest
Fantastic Fest is an annual film festival in Austin, Texas, focused on fantasy, horror, science fiction, action and cult films. It was founded in 2005 by Tim League of Alamo Drafthouse. It is the largest and most prestigious genre festival in the United States, and as one of the top three in the world alongside Sitges and Fantasia.

Lisa Dreyer is festival director. Annick Mahnert is head of programming.
The Boat Race 1842
The 6th Boat Race took place on the River Thames on 11 June 1842. The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.  In a race substantially interrupted by river traffic, Oxford beat Cambridge by a distance of 4+1⁄2 lengths.

Putney Bridge
Putney Bridge is a Grade II listed bridge over the River Thames in west London, linking Putney on the south side with Fulham to the north.

Before the first bridge on the site, known as Fulham Bridge, was built in 1729, a ferry had shuttled between the two banks.

The current format is three lanes southbound (including one bus lane) and one lane (plus cycle lane/bus stop) northbound. Putney High Street, a main approach, is part of a London hub for retail, offices, food, drink and entertainment.  Putney Embankment hosts Putney Pier for riverboat services immediately south-west of the bridge as well as the capital's largest set of facilities in rowing. The Pier in the sport marks one end of the Championship Course.
Independent Battery D, Pennsylvania Light Artillery
Independent Battery D, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The unit organized on 21 September 1861 and served until 13 June 1865. The battery participated in the battles of Second Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericksburg in 1862. The following year, Battery D transferred to the Western theater where it took part in the Siege of Vicksburg and other operations. The years 1864–65 saw the unit fight at the first Petersburg assault, the Crater, Ream's Station, Battle of Peebles's Farm, Fort Stedman, and the final Petersburg assault. Battery D took part in the Grand Review of the Armies before being mustered out.

Battle of Fort Stedman
The Battle of Fort Stedman, also known as the Battle of Hare's Hill, was fought on March 25, 1865, during the final weeks of the American Civil War. The Union Army fortification in the siege lines around Petersburg, Virginia, was attacked in a pre-dawn Confederate assault by troops led by Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon. The attack was the last serious attempt by Confederate troops to break the Siege of Petersburg. After an initial success, Gordon's men were driven back by Union troops of the IX Corps commanded by Maj. Gen. John G. Parke.
Entrance of the Meuse
Entrance of the Meuse is an 1819 oil on canvas maritime painting by the British artist J.M.W. Turner. The painting's full title is Entrance of the Meuse: Orange-Merchant on the Bar, Going to Pieces; Brill Church bearing S. E. by S., Masensluys E. by S.. It has been cited as one of Turner's tendency for "long and serpentine" titles and "reads as it might be three paintings at least".

It depicts a Dutch merchantman carrying a cargo of oranges marooned on a sandbanks in the mouth of the River Meuse. Brielle church can be seen on the horizon. The painting appears to be a pun on the word orange referring both to the fruit and to the reigning House of Orange of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1819 at Somerset House.
It was part of the 1856 Turner Bequest to the nation and is now in the collection of the Tate Britain in Pimlico.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management
The Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management (formerly known as the ODIPERC or Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Relief Coordination) is the Jamaican disaster preparedness coordinating body, which is responsible for preventing and reducing impact of hazards. It also coordinates responses to inter-island disasters with the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency.

Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency
The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) is an inter-regional supportive network of independent emergency units throughout the Caribbean region. Formed on September 1, 2005, as the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (CDERA), it underwent a name change to CDEMA in September 2009.
Patricia Thomson
Patricia Ann Thomson (26 November 1937 – October 2024) was an Australian cricket player. Born in Leeton, New South Wales, her family moved to Sydney when she was three where she began playing cricket as a teenager. On her Test debut against New Zealand in 1961, she scored 31 runs and took two wickets for 41 runs. Thomson played four Tests for the Australia national women's cricket team. Outside cricket, she worked for the Northern Territory Police Force.

Thomson died in October 2024, at the age of 86.

Northern Territory Police Force
The Northern Territory Police Force is the police body that has legal jurisdiction over the Northern Territory of Australia. The police force has 1,552 police officers (2023-24 financial year) made up of 87 senior sergeants, 293 sergeants, 868 constables, 182 auxiliaries, and 55 Aboriginal Community Police Officers. The rest of the positions are officers of commissioned rank. It also has a civilian staff working across the NT Police, Fire and Emergency Services.

Police in the Northern Territory are part of a tri-service: the Northern Territory Police, Fire and Emergency Services with the Commissioner of Police as the CEO of the tri-service.
Filiberto Rivera
Filiberto Rivera (born September 28, 1982), also known as "Fili", is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player for Gigantes de Carolina of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN), in Puerto Rico. Rivera has played in the NCAA, NJCAA, and has also played internationally in Germany and Italy. He was also a member of the Puerto Rican national team earlier in his career.

Gigantes de Carolina (men's basketball)
The Gigantes de Carolina / Canovanas are a Puerto Rican professional basketball team in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional based in Canóvanas, Puerto Rico. After 12 years of inaction, they returned for the 2021 season.
Rajarata
Rajarata (Sinhala: රජරට, romanized: rajaraṭa (IPA: [rad͡ʒəraʈə]); Tamil: ரஜரட, romanized: rajaraṭa; meaning "King's country") was one of three historical regions of the island of Sri Lanka for about 1,700 years from the 6th century BCE to the early 13th century CE. Several ancient cities, including Tambapanni, Upatissa Nuwara, Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, were established as capitals within the area by successive rulers. Rajarata was under the direct administration of the King (raja/king, rata/country). Two other areas, Mayarata and Ruhunurata, were ruled by the king's brothers "Mapa" and "Epa" . The Magha invasion in the 13th century brought about the end of the Rajarata kingdom.

Prince Vijaya
Prince Vijaya (Sinhala:විජය) (c. 543–505 BCE) was a legendary king of Tambapanni, based in modern day Sri Lanka. His reign was first mentioned in Mahāvaṃsa. He is said to have came to Sri Lanka with seven hundred followers after being banished from Sinhapura. However, there is no archaeological evidence of this.

After arriving on the island, Vijaya and his settlers defeated a yaksha near "Thammena" (Tambapaṇṇī) displacing the inhabitants. Eventually Vijaya  married Kuveni, a daughter of a yaksha leader legitimizing Vijaya’s rule over the region.
Kurzycko
Kurzycko [kuˈʐɨt͡skɔ] (formerly German Voigtsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mieszkowice, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Mieszkowice, 55 km (34 mi) south of Gryfino, and 74 km (46 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 223.

Gryfino
Gryfino [ɡrɨˈfʲinɔ] (German: Greifenhagen) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with 21,393 inhabitants (2017). It is the capital of Gryfino County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The town is located on the Odra Wschodnia, the eastern branch of the Oder river, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) south of Szczecin in Poland. The western branch of the Oder, 2 km (1 mi) away from the town center, marks the border with Germany. There is a direct road link between Gryfino and the German town of Mescherin across the river.

The Crooked Forest is located in the village of Nowe Czarnowo, just outside Gryfino.
GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase
In enzymology, a GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase (EC 1.1.1.281) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+  GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase (D-rhamnose-forming). Other names in common use include GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase [ambiguous], GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase, and Rmd. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Majid Rezaei
Majid Rezaei (Persian: مجید رضایی) is a retired Iranian goalkeeper who played for Iran national football team in 1986 Asian Games. He was formerly playing for Esteghlal Tehran and Iran national football team.

Football at the 1986 Asian Games
Football at the 1986 Asian Games was held in Seoul, South Korea from 20 September to 5 October 1986.

Singapore were forced to withdraw before the draw as their team was unable to get visas to enter South Korea.
Jasem Jaderi
Jasem Jaderi (Persian: جاسم جادری; 1 April 1967 - 20 March 2020) was an Iranian reformist politician.

Jaderi served as a member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly from 1988 to 2000, as well as the Governor of Hormozgan Province from 1992 to 1996.

From 2013 to 2017 he served in the Government of Hassan Rouhani as Minister of Mines. Jaderi was a member of National Trust Party.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
Arthur Lewin Alexander
Arthur Lewin Alexander CBE KPM (6 March 1907 – 17 April 1971) was a British police officer and was the last non-Ghanaian Inspector General of Police of the Ghana Police Service from 1 May 1958 to 8 October 1959. After returning to England, he served as secretary of the Henley Royal Regatta from 1959 to his death.

He was awarded the King's Police Medal for Meritorious Service in the 1951 Birthday Honours and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1959 New Year Honours.

Alexander was born in Hutton, Essex to Lewin Venn Alexander, a shipping agent and underwriter, and Miriam Devereux Alexander. He died in Reading, Berkshire in 1971.

Hutton, Essex
Hutton is a suburb of Brentwood, in Essex, England. It lies 3 miles (5 km) east of the town centre, on the eastern edge of the built up area. The area is split between modest housing estates and the largely affluent Hutton Mount. Hutton was formerly a separate village and parish. The civil parish was abolished in 1934 and absorbed into Brentwood. It has good transport links to Central London (around 20 miles (32 km) to the south-west) via Shenfield railway station which is just 1 mile (1.6 km) from Hutton.