hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fast automatic restoration
Fast automatic restoration (FASTAR) is an automated fast response system developed and deployed by American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) in 1992 for the centralized restoration of its digital transport network. FASTAR automatically reroutes circuits over a spare protection capacity when a fiber-optic cable failure is detected, hence increasing service availability and reducing the impact of the outages in the network. Similar in operation is real-time restoration (RTR), developed and deployed by MCI and used in the MCI network to minimize the effects of a fiber cut.

MCI Inc.
MCI, Inc. (formerly WorldCom and MCI WorldCom) was a telecommunications company. For a time, it was the second-largest long-distance telephone company in the United States, after AT&T. WorldCom grew largely by acquiring other telecommunications companies, including MCI Communications in 1998, and filed for bankruptcy in July 2002 after an accounting scandal, in which several executives, including CEO Bernard Ebbers, were convicted of a scheme to inflate the company's assets. In January 2006, the company, by then renamed MCI, was acquired by Verizon Communications and was later integrated into Verizon Business.

WorldCom was originally headquartered in Clinton, Mississippi, before moving to Ashburn, Virginia, when it changed its name to MCI.
Henrietta Ebert
Henrietta Ebert (née Dobler, born 15 January 1954) is a German rower who won the gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics and was a member of the SC Dynamo Potsdam.

She was born in Kirchmöser, Brandenburg an der Havel. She competed under her married name from 1976.

She trained as a confectioner and later worked as a public servant in Köpenick.

Köpenick
Köpenick (German pronunciation: [ˈkøːpənɪk] ⓘ) is a historic town and locality (Ortsteil) in Berlin, situated at the confluence of the rivers Dahme and Spree, in the southeast of the German capital. It was formerly known as Copanic and then Cöpenick, only officially adopting the current spelling in 1931. It is known for the imposter Hauptmann von Köpenick.

Prior to its incorporation into Berlin in 1920, Köpenick had been an independent town. It then became a borough of Berlin, and with an area of 128 km2 (49 sq mi), Berlin's largest. As a result of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform, the borough of Köpenick was merged with that of Treptow to create the current borough of Treptow-Köpenick.

Köpenick is home to the Bundesliga football club 1. FC Union Berlin, who play at the Stadion An der Alten Försterei. Mellowpark, the largest outdoor skatepark in Europe, is located in the town.
Am'aq
Shihabuddin Am'aq (Persian: عمعق) was a 12th-century Persian poet.

Originating from Bukhara, he was an imposing poet that carried the title amir al-shu'ara ("Amir of poets") in the Khaqanid courts. An excellent panegyrist and composer of elegies, he was praised by Anvari.

His mathnavi no longer exists, but it is said to have been written on the story of Yusof and Zoleikha (Joseph and Potiphar's wife).

It is said that he lived a long life of over 100 years and died in 1148 CE.

Bukhara
Bukhara (/bʊˈxɑːrə/ buu-KHAR-ə) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.

The Bukhara region has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Uzbek states such as the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara and later the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.
Hypostomus carvalhoi
Hypostomus carvalhoi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Jaguaribe River basin. The species reaches 14.2 cm (5.6 inches) SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Jaguaribe River
The Jaguaribe River is a highly seasonal river in Ceará state of northeastern Brazil. Two large dams were constructed across the Jaguaribe, the Orós Dam, completed in 1960, and the Castanhão Dam, completed in 2003. The Castanhão Dam flooded the city of Jaguaribara, which was rebuilt nearby as the city of Nova Jaguaribara.

The Jaguaribe River is formed by the union of the Carrapateiras and Trici rivers, in the municipality of Tauá, both of which originate in the Serra Grande. At Tauá, the Jaguaribe is sandy and rather narrow, 50–100 metres (160–330 ft) in width. The course of the river between Tauá to the mouth of the Salgado River is approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi). Thus created, the Jaguaribe flows north for about 560 kilometers and enters the Atlantic Ocean. The Jaguaribe is infamous for its unpredictable nature; it runs dry for months before suddenly bursting its banks and flooding nearby towns.
Zaiedi Suhaili
Zaiedi bin Suhaili is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Senator from July 2016 to July 2019 and again from April 2019 to April 2021. He is a member of the Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB), a component party of the Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) coalition and formerly Barisan Nasional (BN).

He served as a civil servant for 11 years before being appointed as Political Secretary to various Federal Ministries for nine years.

He has been active in politics since 1998. He was a member of PBB Youth Satok Branch from 1988 to 1991, Youth Chief of PBB Tupong from 1992 to 1995 and Deputy Chairman of PBB Tupong in 1996.

He was also appointed as Deputy Chairman of the Padawan Municipal Council from 2014 until 2016.

He sworn in as Deputy Mayor of Kuching South City Council on 11 September 2023.

Tupong (state constituency)
Tupong is a state constituency in Sarawak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly since 1991.

The state constituency was created in the 1987 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system. It has amongst the highest concentrations of Malay-Muslim middle-class voters in Sarawak, and consists largely of low-density residential areas with emerging commercial zones. It comprises part of a ring of the most affluent Malay-majority areas in Sarawak, which are representative of Malay, middle-class, urban settings.
Jerzy Świrski
Jerzy Włodzimierz Świrski (5 April 1882, in Kalisz – 12 June 1959, in London) was a Polish rear admiral and officer in the Russian Imperial Navy and later the Polish Navy. As Chief of the Polish Naval Command (1925-1947), he was a member of an elite group of high ranking Polish naval officers from foreign navies who became founder members of the re-established naval forces of the newly independent Poland after World War I. During World War II, Polish naval forces under his command, were embedded with the Royal Navy and contributed significantly to the success of Britain's maritime war effort. He notably fell out with a Polish war time Prime Minister-in-exile, General Sikorski, but was supported by the British and survived in post. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Zeno J. Rives
Zeno John Rives (February 22, 1874 – September 2, 1939) was a one-time U.S. Representative from Illinois.

Born near Greenfield, Indiana, Rives moved in 1880 with his parents to Litchfield, Illinois, where he attended public schools. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1901, and commenced practice in Litchfield. He was appointed city clerk in June 1903.

Rives was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1907). In 1906, he lost his campaign for re-election to the Sixtieth Congress. Afterwards, Rives resumed his law practice in Litchfield and served as postmaster from 1912 to 1916. He moved to Decatur, Illinois, in 1919, where he continued his law practive and entered the real estate business. He died in Decatur, Illinois, on September 2, 1939. He was interred in Graceland Cemetery.

60th United States Congress
The 60th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1907, to March 4, 1909, during the last two years of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Feingold diet
The Feingold diet is an elimination diet initially devised by Benjamin Feingold following research in the 1970s that appeared to link food additives with hyperactivity; by eliminating these additives and various foods the diet was supposed to alleviate the condition.

Popular in its day, the diet has since been referred to as an "outmoded treatment"; there is no good evidence that it is effective, and it is difficult for people to follow.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
Intel 8061
The Intel 8061 microcontroller is most notable for its use in the Ford EEC-IV automotive engine control unit. A close relative of the 8096, the Intel 8061 is second-sourced by Toshiba (under the model number 6127 and 6126) and Motorola (now Freescale Semiconductor).

Engine control unit
An engine control unit (ECU), also called an engine control module (ECM), is a device that controls various subsystems of an internal combustion engine. Systems commonly controlled by an ECU include the fuel injection and ignition systems.

The earliest ECUs (used by aircraft engines in the late 1930s) were mechanical-hydraulic units; however, most 21st-century ECUs operate using digital electronics.
Corneliskondre
Corneliskondre is a village in Suriname, located in the Boven Coppename resort of Sipaliwini District. It has a population of 70 as of 2020, and is inhabited by indigenous people of the Kalina tribe.

Corneliskondre has been named after Cornelis Tapopi, the chief who founded the village. Catholic missionaries first visited the village in 1883.

The village has a school, and a holiday resort near the Wayambo River. The clinic in the village is operated by the Mungra Medical Centre in Nieuw-Nickerie.

Kalina people
The Kalina (Caliña), also known as the Caribs or mainland Caribs and by several other names, are an Indigenous people native to the northern coastal areas of South America. Today, the Kalina live largely in villages on the rivers and coasts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil. They speak a Cariban language known as Carib. They may be related to the Island Caribs of the Caribbean, though their languages are unrelated.
Zoheleth
Zoheleth - (זֹחֶלֶת in Hebrew) - the serpent-stone, is a rocky plateau near the centre of the village of Siloam, and near the fountain of Ein-rogel, to which the women of the village resort for water (1 Kings 1:5-9). There Adonijah (q.v.) feasted all the royal princes except Solomon and the men who took part with him in his effort to succeed to the throne. While they were assembled here Solomon was proclaimed king, through the intervention of Nathan. On hearing this, Adonijah fled and took refuge in the sanctuary (1 Kings 1:49-53). He was afterwards pardoned.

Zoheleth projects into or slightly over-hangs the Kidron Valley. Conder and Kitchener proposed linking it to the cliff on which the village of Silwan is located, known to local peasants as Zahweileh.

Zoheleth is also the title of a novel by J Francis Hudson (Lion Publishing 1994). It concerns the revolt of Absalom against King David, as seen through the eyes of one of Absalom's servants.

Adonijah
According to 2 Samuel, Adonijah (Hebrew: אֲדֹנִיָּה‎, ’Ǎḏōnīyyā; "my lord is Yah") was the fourth son of King David. His mother was Haggith as recorded in the book of 2 Samuel 3:4. Adonijah was born at Hebron during the long conflict between David and the House of Saul. In 1 Kings, he briefly proclaimed himself king of Israel during the terminal illness of his father David, before peacefully ceding the throne to his brother Solomon.
Gladiator-At-Law
Gladiator-At-Law is a satirical science fiction novel by American writers Frederik Pohl and Cyril M. Kornbluth. It was first published in 1955 by Ballantine Books and republished in 1986 by Baen Books.

Ballantine Books
Ballantine Books is a major American book publisher that is a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Ballantine was founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine with his wife, Betty Ballantine. Ballantine was acquired by Random House in 1973, which in turn was acquired by Bertelsmann in 1998 and remains part of that company.

Ballantine's original logo was a pair of mirrored letter Bs back to back, later changing to two Bs stacked to form an elaborate gate. The firm's early editors were Stanley Kauffmann and Bernard Shir-Cliff.
2016–17 National Premier League
The 2016–17 Red Stripe Premier League is the highest competitive football league in Jamaica. It is the 43rd edition of the competition. It started on September 4, 2016. For this season the teams qualifying for the playoffs were increased from four to six teams. Teams ranked from one to two would get a bye to the semi-final round and teams ranked 3 and 6 will play a two leg tie along with teams ranked 4 and 5 for the quarterfinal stage. The two legged tie still remains for the semi-final stage.

Jamaica Premier League
The Jamaica Premier League (formerly the National Premier League), commonly abbreviated as JPL and officially known as the Wray and Nephew Jamaica Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is sanctioned by the Jamaican Football Federation as the top division for men's association football in Jamaica. Contested between 14 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the JFF Championship. Most games are played on Sunday afternoons and Monday evenings (Monday Night Football).
John Lee (footballer, born 1869)
John Sebastian Lee (1869 – after 1899), also known as Jack Lee, was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Small Heath. He played as a forward.

Lee was born in Walsall Wood, then in Staffordshire. He played local football for Walsall Unity before joining Small Heath in 1893. Described as "a diminutive sharpshooter", Lee made his debut on the opening day of the 1893–94 Second Division season, and scored twice in a 3–1 win away at Walsall Town Swifts. He played in the next six games, scoring once more, but then lost his place to Billy Walton, whose form – 16 goals from 20 games – meant he retained the inside-right position for the remainder of the season. Lee dropped back into non-league football in 1895, preferring to remain in his native West Midlands rather than join a league side elsewhere.

Walsall Wood
Walsall Wood is a suburban village in the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, in the West Midlands county, England. It is midway between the towns of Aldridge and Brownhills, as well as Walsall and Lichfield.
Kaftan (surname)
Kaftan is a surname. People include:

Dirk Kaftan (born 1971), German conductor

Fred F. Kaftan (1916–2001), member of the Wisconsin State Senate

George Kaftan (1928–2018), American basketball player

Julius Kaftan (1848–1926), German Protestant theologian

Vylar Kaftan, American science fiction and fantasy writer

Vylar Kaftan
Vylar Kaftan is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. A Clarion West Writers Workshop graduate, she lives on the U.S. West Coast.

Kaftan's short story "Civilisation" is included in Farah Mendlesohn's anthology Glorifying Terrorism, and several of her other speculative fiction flash and short stories have also been published. Her short story "I'm Alive, I Love You, I'll See You in Reno", published in the June 2010 issue of Lightspeed, was a nominee for the Nebula Award for Best Short Story in 2010.

Her novella "The Weight of the Sunrise", published in the February 2013 issue of Asimov's Science Fiction, won the 2013 Nebula Award for Best Novella and the Sidewise Award.; it also was a nominee for the 2014 Theodore Sturgeon Award. Her novella "Her Silhouette, Drawn in Water", published May 21, 2019 by Tor.com, was a nominee for the Nebula Award for Best Novella.
2007 South American Rugby Championship "A"
The 2007 South American Rugby Championship was the 29th edition of the now multi-divisional rugby competition involving the top rugby nations from South America.

Division A consisted of three teams and was played on a home and away basis.  Two points are awarded for a win and one for a draw.

The competition was not completed, because of the difficulties of finding a date for the match between Argentina and Uruguay, as it was the first time they had participated in the final phase of the Rugby World Cup.

South American Rugby Championship
The South American Rugby Championship refers to the continental rugby union championships for South America, organized by Sudamérica Rugby. The current name of the championships is South American Six Nations, implemented in 2018. South American championships have also existed for lower divisions of the rugby union championships, as well as youth and women tournaments, and editions for rugby sevens.
Speech scroll
In art history, a speech scroll (also called a banderole or phylactery) is an illustrative device denoting speech, song, or other types of sound.

Developed independently on two continents, the device was in use by artists in Mesoamerican cultures from as early as 650 BC until after the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, and separately in the 13th and 14th century by European painters. While European speech scrolls were drawn as if they were an actual unfurled scroll or strip of parchment, Mesoamerican speech scrolls are scroll-shaped, looking much like a question mark. It is used in heraldry for mottos or slogans and war-cries.

Glyph
A glyph (/ɡlɪf/ GLIF) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface (or computer font), of an element of written language. (That 'element' is called a grapheme –  the conceptual abstraction of some letter, number or symbol, which is independent of the glyph designed to represent it in a particular font.)
Eva Hudson
Eva Hudson (born May 18, 2004) is an American volleyball player who plays as an outside hitter for LOVB Atlanta. She played her collegiate career at Purdue University (2022–2024) and the University of Kentucky (2025), helping lead the latter to the NCAA Division I championship match.

During her lone season at Kentucky, Hudson was named the 2025 Southeastern Conference (SEC) Player of the Year and was a finalist for AVCA National Player of the Year. While at Purdue, Hudson became the fastest player in program history to reach 1,000 career kills during the rally-scoring era, reaching the milestone during the 2023 season.

Internationally, Hudson has represented the United States at multiple levels. She earned a silver medal with the U.S. women's national team at the 2024 NORCECA Pan Am Cup Final Six and won gold medals with U.S. age-group national teams at the U23 level in 2025 and the U21 level in 2023.

American Volleyball Coaches Association
The American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) is an organization of over 9,000 members, incorporated as a private non-profit educational corporation in 1981, as the Collegiate Volleyball Coaches Association. It is currently headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky.

The original members of the AVCA were intercollegiate coaches who banded together to form this particular coaching body. In 1986, during the San Francisco convention, the membership recognized the growing and developing high school and club communities. The name of the association was then changed to reflect these growing constituencies. The original Collegiate Volleyball Coaches Association was renamed the American Volleyball Coaches Association with the intent of responding to and serving all volleyball coaches.

The organization also produces a weekly national poll for collegiate volleyball similar to how the Associated Press makes a poll for NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision.
State government (Germany)
A Landesregierung (state government) is the government of a state (Land) in Germany. In Bavaria and Saxony, the state government is called the Staatsregierung (State Government), while in the city-states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg, it is called the Senat (Senate).

Anke Rehlinger
Anke Gabriele Rehlinger (née Moos; born 6 April 1976) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) serving as the minister-president of Saarland. After her party won the 2022 state elections in Saarland, she became the second female minister-president after Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer and the first from her party. She was previously the deputy minister president of Saarland from 17 December 2013 until her election by the State Parliament of Saarland as minister-president in 2022. In her capacity as minister-president, she also served a one-year term as President of the Bundesrat from 2024 to 2025.
Acanthala
Acanthala is a genus of generally dull-colored parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, with three described species. The name Acanthala is a combination of the Greek root acantha, meaning "spiny" and Latin ala, meaning "wing". This refers to the diagnostic row of strong spinelike hairs on the upper surface of the marginal vein. The genus is only known from the Neotropics, with two species known from Brazil and a third from Belize and Costa Rica. The biology of the genus is unknown.

Species in the genus Acanthala can be recognized by the following combination of characteristics: dorsal surface of the marginal vein with a row of strong setae, eyes hairy, mandibles with a single tooth, pedicel conspicuously hairy dorsally, and the mesoscutum and scutellum with small-meshed and strong reticulation.

Mandible (insect mouthpart)
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals. Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically.