hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Melno
The Treaty of Melno (Lithuanian: Melno taika; Polish: Pokój melneński) or Treaty of Lake Melno (German: Friede von Melnosee) was a peace treaty ending the Gollub War. It was signed on 27 September 1422, between the Teutonic Knights and an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at Lake Melno (German: Melnosee, Meldensee; Polish: Jezioro Mełno), east of Graudenz (Grudziądz). The treaty resolved territorial disputes between the Knights and Lithuania regarding Lithuania Minor and Samogitia, which had dragged on since 1382, and determined the Prussian–Lithuanian border, which afterwards remained unchanged for about 500 years. A portion of the original border survives as a portion of the modern border between the Republic of Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, making it one of the oldest and most stable borders in Europe.

Grudziądz
Grudziądz ([ˈɡrud͡ʑɔnt͡s] ⓘ; Latin: Graudentum, Graudentium, German: Graudenz) is a city in northern Poland, with 92,552 inhabitants (2021). Located on the Vistula River, it lies within the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the fourth-largest city in its province.

Grudziądz is one of the oldest cities in north-central Poland, founded by King Bolesław I the Brave over 1000 years ago. The well-preserved Old Town has various Gothic and Baroque landmarks, several included on the European Route of Brick Gothic, most notably the unique Grudziądz Granaries, declared a Historic Monument of Poland. Grudziądz is a former royal city of Poland, and became known as the "City of Uhlans" being the location of the former Polish Cavalry Training Centre. Situated at the crossroads of important highways, it is a city of industry and services, and a noted centre for water sports and motorcycle speedway racing.
Califf
Califf is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Danny Califf (born 1980), American soccer player

Robert Califf (born 1951), American cardiologist

Waldemar Califf (born 1936), Swedish sports shooter

Robert Califf
Robert McKinnon Califf (born 1951) is an American cardiologist who served as the 25th commissioner of food and drugs from 2016 to 2017 and again from 2022 to 2025.

He was first nominated to be commissioner in September 2015 by President Barack Obama and he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in February 2016, serving until January 20, 2017.

President Joe Biden renominated Califf to head the Food and Drug Administration on November 12, 2021. He was confirmed by the Senate on February 15, 2022.

Prior to becoming commissioner he had served as the deputy commissioner of the United States Food and Drug Administration's Office of Medical Products and Tobacco since January 2015. In 2019, he became head of medical strategy at Google's parent company, Alphabet Inc.
Sutz-Lattrigen
Sutz-Lattrigen is a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.  It is home to a number of Neolithic and Bronze Age lake shore archeological sites, including one that is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Biel/Bienne (administrative district)
47°08′N 7°14′E﻿ / ﻿47.133°N 7.233°E﻿ / 47.133; 7.233
Biel/Bienne District is an administrative district in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. It is located along both shores of the northeastern half of Lake Biel and is part of the Seeland administrative region, and its capital is Biel/Bienne. It contains 19 municipalities with an area of 97.63 km2 (37.70 sq mi) and a population (as of December 2008) of 90,536, over half of which lives in the district's capital. While it is the smallest district in surface area, it has the third largest population in the canton.

The present Biel/Bienne Verwaltungskreis ("administrative district") was created on 1 January 2010, consisting of the entirety of one former Amtsbezirke ("district"), Biel, about half of another, Nidau and three municipalities of Büren.
Ages of Three Children puzzle
The Ages of Three Children puzzle (sometimes referred to as the Census-Taker Problem) is a logical puzzle in number theory which on first inspection seems to have insufficient information to solve. However, with closer examination and persistence by the solver, the question reveals its hidden mathematical clues, especially when the solver lists down all the possible outcomes.

This puzzle illustrates the importance of close inspection while approaching a problem in number theory, while enforcing mathematical thinking and rigor, which is a foundational skill in Mathematical analysis.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Brian Rolston
Brian Lee Rolston (born February 21, 1973) is an American former professional ice hockey player who most recently played for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won a Stanley Cup with the New Jersey Devils in 1995, and the World Cup of Hockey in 1996 playing for the United States. Rolston has represented the U.S. three times in Olympic competition for ice hockey. In the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics, he won the silver medal. Rolston was born in Flint, Michigan, but grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He has served as head coach of the Little Caesars 2001 hockey club as well as assisting with the Little Caesars 2005 team.

USA Hockey
USA Hockey is a national ice hockey organization in the United States. It is recognized by the International Olympic Committee and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee as the governing body for organized ice hockey in the United States and is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. Before June 1991, the organization was known as the Amateur Hockey Association of the United States (AHAUS).

The organization is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Its mission is to promote the growth of ice hockey in the U.S. USA Hockey programs support and develop players, coaches, officials, and facilities. USA Hockey also has junior ice hockey and senior ice hockey programs, and supports a disabled ice hockey program. USA Hockey provides certification programs for coaches and officials. Members of the organization receive a subscription to USA Hockey Magazine.
Anwar ul Haq
Anwar ul Haq or Anwarul Haq, (Arabic: انوار الحق, meaning "lights of the Truth"),  is a male Muslim given name. Notable bearers of the name include:

Sheikh Anwarul Haq (1917–1995), Pakistani jurist, Chief Justice of Pakistan

Anwar ul Haq Ahadi (born 1951), Afghan Minister of Finance

Anwarul Haque (1956–2017), Bangladeshi Supreme Court justice

Anwar ul Haq Mujahid (born 1967), militant leader in eastern Afghanistan

Anwar ul Haq Kakar, Member of the Senate of Pakistan

Chaudhry Anwarul Haq, Prime Minister Azad Kashmir

Md Anwarul Haque, Indian politician

Mohammad Anwarul Haque, Bangladeshi judge

Md Anwarul Haque
Md Anwarul Haque (10 February 1948 – 12 August 2016) was an Indian politician who served as a Member of the Thirteenth Lok Sabha from Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency, representing the Rashtriya Janata Dal, later switching to Rashtriya Janata Dal (Democratic). He was Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from the Sonbarsa representing the Indian National Congress (I) in 1980.

He joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2004 and partook in the 2004 Parliamentary elections, but didn't manage to win. He left BJP in same year after the election.
Pelikán
Pelikán (Czech and Slovak feminine: Pelikánová) and Pelikan is a surname, meaning 'pelican' in various languages, including Czech and German. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Pelikan (1893–1987), German-American painter and educator

Boris Pelikan (1861–1931), Ukrainian politician

Emilie Mediz-Pelikan (1861–1908), Austrian landscape painter

Franz Pelikan (1925–1994), Austrian footballer

János Pelikán (born 1995), Hungarian cyclist

Jaroslav Pelikan (1923–2006), American Christian scholar

Jiří Pelikán (chess player) (1906–1984), Czech-Argentine chess master

Jiří Pelikán (politician) (1923–1999), Czech journalist and politician

Lisa Pelikan (born 1964), French actress

Radka Pelikánová (born 1977), Czech tennis player

Robert Pelikán (born 1979), Czech lawyer

Wilhelm Pelikan (1893–1981), German-Austrian chemist, anthroposophist and pharmacist

Jaroslav Pelikan
Jaroslav Jan Pelikan Jr. (/ˈjɑːrəslɑːv ˈpɛlɪkən/; December 17, 1923 – May 13, 2006) was an American scholar of the history of Christianity, Christian theology, and medieval intellectual history at Yale University.
Navteq
Navteq Corporation (styled as 'NAVTEQ') was an American Chicago-based provider of geographic information system (GIS) data and a major provider of base electronic navigable maps. The company was acquired by Nokia in 2007–2008, and fully merged into Nokia in 2011 to form part of the Here business unit. The unit was subsequently sold to a consortium of German auto makers in 2016.

TomTom
TomTom N.V. is a Dutch multinational developer and creator of location technology and consumer electronics. Founded in 1991 and headquartered in Amsterdam, TomTom released its first generation of satellite navigation devices to market in 2004. As of 2019, the company has over 4,500 employees worldwide and operations in 29 countries throughout Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Americas.
Bhavnagar Terminus railway station
Bhavnagar Terminus railway station (station code:- BVC) is a railway station serving Bhavnagar town, in Bhavnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is under Bhavnagar railway division of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. Bhavnagar Terminus is "A" category station of Bhavnagar railway division of Western Railway zone. As of 2022, a single electric broad-gauge railway line exists.

Bhavnagar Terminus is well connected by rail to Udhampur, Kakinada Port, Kochuveli, Dhanbad Junction, Asansol Junction, Bandra Terminus, Surendranagar Junction, Botad Junction, Palitana, Mahuva Junction, Veraval Junction, Porbandar, Sabarmati Junction, Haridwar, Ajmer Junction, Jaipur Junction, Lucknow Charbagh, Ayodhya Cantt, and Okha. Total 20 trains start from here.

Martyr Captain Tushar Mahajan Udhampur railway station
Martyr Captain Tushar Mahajan Udhampur railway station, also known as Udhampur railway station, is situated in municipal committee of Udhampur, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Its station code is MCTM.  The average elevation of the station is 660.054 metres (2,165.53 ft) above mean sea level. The rail distance between MCTM and JAT is 53 km (33 mi). It is a 'A' class railway station in Jammu railway division of Northern Railway zone.
Bethany Reservoir State Recreation Area
Bethany Reservoir State Recreation Area is a state park unit of California, United States, adjoining the Bethany Reservoir.  It is located in Alameda County, near Livermore.

Situated in the northernmost part of the San Joaquin Valley, Bethany Reservoir State Recreation Area is a popular place for water-oriented recreation, especially fishing and windsurfing.  The reservoir stores water for a pumping plant on the California Aqueduct.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
Ethnic conflicts in Kenya
Ethnic conflicts in Kenya occur frequently, although most are classified as minor skirmishes. A significant increase in the severity of such conflicts between the various ethnic groups inhabiting the country was witnessed after the introduction of multi-party politics in the early 1990s, especially during the 2007–08 Kenyan crisis. Major conflicts have also led to exoduses of ethnic minority communities with roots in other geographical areas.

Ethnic conflict
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.  While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's position within society. This criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle.

Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Recently, some have argued for either top-down or bottom-up explanations for ethnic conflict. Intellectual debate has also focused on whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War, and on devising ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.
Eightmile Mountain
Eightmile Mountain is a 7,996-foot (2,437-metre) mountain summit located in Chelan County of Washington state. Eightmile Mountain is situated within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. It is part of the Wenatchee Mountains which are a subset of the Cascade Range. Its nearest higher neighbor is Cashmere Mountain, 3 mi (4.8 km) to the northeast, and Mount Stuart rises 4 mi (6.4 km) to the south. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Trout Creek and Eightmile Creek, both tributaries of Icicle Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Wenatchee River. This mountain is known for its spring skiing and excellent view of the Stuart Range.

Wenatchee River
The Wenatchee River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington, originating at Lake Wenatchee and flowing southeast for 53 miles (85 km), emptying into the Columbia River immediately north of Wenatchee, Washington. On its way it passes the towns of Plain, Leavenworth, Peshastin, Dryden, Cashmere, Monitor, and Wenatchee, all within Chelan County. The river attracts kayaking and river rafting enthusiasts and tourism.

Tributaries include the Chiwawa River, Nason Creek, Peshastin Creek, and Icicle Creek. Its drainage basin is 1,333 square miles (3,450 km2) in area.
FK Sobrance-Sobranecko
FK Sobrance-Sobranecko (formerly known as FK Veľké Revištie) is a Slovak association football club located in Sobrance. It currently plays in 4. Liga East.

The club was founded after the merge between TJ Veľké Revištia and MFK Sobrance. The club currently acts as a feeder club for Slovak First Football League club MFK Zemplín Michalovce.

Sobrance-Sobranecko is coached by Jozef Kročko, who used to play for the club in the 2003/04 season.

Sobrance
Sobrance (German: Sobranz, Hungarian: Szobránc, Rusyn: Собранцї) is a town in Košice Region, Slovakia, around 15 kilometres (9 miles) from Uzhhorod, Ukraine, and 22 kilometres (14 miles) east of Michalovce. Located in the Eastern Slovak Lowland not far from the Vihorlat Mountains, it is the easternmost town in Slovakia.
Duan Siying
Duan Siying (Chinese: 段思英) (June 1917 – 25 December 2007) was a People's Liberation Army major general and People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Yanchuan County, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province. He was Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary and Mayor of Chongqing.

Yan'an
Yan'an is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west. It administers several counties, including Zhidan (formerly Bao'an), which served as the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) before the city of Yan'an proper took that role.

Yan'an was near the endpoint of the Long March, and became the center of the Chinese Communist Revolution from late 1935 to early 1947. Chinese communists celebrate Yan'an as the birthplace of the revolution.

As of 2019, Yan'an has approximately 2,255,700 permanent residents.: 4–5
Uzbekistan at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Uzbekistan was represented at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia by the National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

In total, 70 athletes including 52 men and 18 women represented Uzbekistan in 11 different sports including athletics, boxing, canoeing, fencing, gymnastics, judo, shooting, swimming, tennis, weightlifting and wrestling.

Uzbekistan won four medals at the games after Mahammatkodir Abdoollayev claimed gold, Sergey Mihaylov and Rustam Saidov won bronze in the boxing and Artur Taymazov won silver in the wrestling.

Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Super heavyweight
The men's super heavyweight boxing competition at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney was held from 23 September to 1 October at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. Being the heaviest class, super heavyweights were limited to those boxers weighing over 91 kilograms (200.6 pounds).
Jayson Rego
Jayson Rego is a professional American rugby league player for the Ipswich Jets in the Queensland Cup. He has played Div.1 college football for the Hawaii Warriors football team as a running back. He is a United States national rugby league team international. Also selected to the 2011 All-American 7's team. His position is fullback and wing.

Queensland Cup
The Queensland Cup, currently known as the Hostplus Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level regional rugby league football competition in Queensland, Australia. It is run by the Queensland Rugby League (QRL)  and is contested by fifteen teams, thirteen of which are based in Queensland, with one based in New South Wales and one in National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.

The competition is the present-day embodiment of Queensland's top-level club competition. It replaced the Winfield State League in 1996 and accompanied the Brisbane Rugby League, before becoming the premier competition in 1998, following the disbanding of the Brisbane Rugby League.
Jacques Rey
Jacques Rey (born 17 October 1942) is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM). He was on the council in Sevrier, Haute-Savoie from 1977 to 2019, serving as mayor from 2008. Aged 79, he was a deputy in the National Assembly for Haute-Savoie's 2nd constituency from January to June 2022.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).
Immortal Soul
Immortal Soul is the fourteenth studio album by American heavy metal band Riot, released in Japan on October 21, 2011, through Marquee/Avalon, with Steamhammer Records handling releases in Europe (October 26–31, 2011) and the United States and Canada (November 22, 2011). It marked the short-lived return of the Thundersteel touring line-up featuring vocalist Tony Moore, guitarists Mark Reale and Mike Flyntz, bassist Don Van Stavern, and drummer Bobby Jarzombek. It is the last Riot album to feature Moore, Jarzombek and long-time guitarist Mark Reale, who at the time was the only original member left in the band, before his death in January 2012.

After Reale's death, Van Stavern and Flyntz decided to carry on touring the world and releasing new studio material, under the name Riot V.

SPV GmbH
SPV GmbH (short for Schallplatten Produktion und Vertrieb GmbH, "Vinyl Production and Distribution Company") is a German independent record label. Founded on 1 January 1984, it has slowly grown to be one of the largest independent distributors and record labels worldwide.

It has several sub-labels that it produces and distributes, including the labels Steamhammer (heavy metal, hard rock), Long Branch Records (alternative, indie, progressive rock, progressive metal, metalcore), Oblivion (darkwave, gothic), SPV Recordings (pop, rock), Cash Machine Records (hip hop), Select Records (urban), and Synthetic Symphony (industrial).

In November 2020, SPV was acquired by Napalm Records.
Übergossene Alm
The Übergossene Alm is the summit region of the Hochkönig (2,941 m) in the Berchtesgaden Alps. It contains the remains of a glacier that used to cover almost the entire summit plateau; in 1888 around 5.5 km2 of the plateau was covered by an ice sheet. Since then the glacial surface has melted until it now covers just 1.5 km2 and the glacier has split into three, small crevasse-free areas. The name of the glacier goes back to a local legend.

Crevasse
A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet. Crevasses form as a result of the movement and resulting stress associated with the shear stress generated when two semi-rigid pieces above a plastic substrate have different rates of movement. The resulting intensity of the shear stress causes a breakage along the faces.
Sedina Fiati
Sedina Fiati is a Canadian actress and theatre director. She is most noted for her role as Ese in the web series Tokens, for which she won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Web Program or Series at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.

A native of Toronto, Ontario, and a graduate of the theatre program at the University of Windsor, Fiati coordinated the Feminist Fuck It theatre festival in 2018, and made her stage directing debut as director of Andrea Scott and Nick Green's Every Day She Rose for Nightwood Theatre in 2019. She was named Nightwood's artist-in-residence in 2021.

As an actress her noted credits have included stage productions in productions of Shirley Barrie's Queen Marie and Rick Chafe's adaptation of Homer's Odyssey, and guest roles in the television series The Listener, Coroner and Murdoch Mysteries.

The Listener (TV series)
The Listener is a Canadian fantasy drama television series created by Michael Amo. The series stars Craig Olejnik as Toby Logan, a paramedic with telepathic powers who finds himself consulting with law enforcement to make a change in the world by helping others while listening to the thoughts of victims and criminals, and seeing images that they saw.

The series was broadcast in Canada on CTV and was produced by Shaftesbury Films, in conjunction with CTV and Fox International Channels.

The series premiered on CTV on March 3, 2009. CTV renewed the series for four more seasons, each consisting of 13 episodes, premiering February 8, 2011, May 30, 2012, May 29, 2013, and May 26, 2014. In August 2014, CTV announced that they had canceled the show after five seasons. The series finale aired on August 18, 2014.