hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mykhailo Drahomanov
Mykhailo Petrovych Drahomanov (Ukrainian: Михайло Петрович Драгоманов; 18 September 1841 – 2 July 1895) was a Ukrainian intellectual and public figure. As an academic, Drahomanov was an economist, historian, philosopher, and ethnographer, while as a public intellectual he was a political theorist with socialist leanings, perhaps best known as one of the first proponents of Ukrainian autonomism. For Drahomanov, ethnographic studies had a deep influence on his political ideas, and his politics in turn motivated study of particular areas of Ukrainian folk literature.

Tsarist autocracy
Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.[b] In it, the Tsar possessed in principle authority and wealth, with more power than constitutional monarchs counterbalanced by legislative authority, as well as a more religious authority than Western monarchs. The institution originated during the time of Ivan III (1462−1505) and
was limited with the introduction of constitution and national-level representative assembly (State Duma) after the 1905 Revolution. Still, the term continued to be applied to the monarchy in Russia until the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Russian revolutionaries and afterwards, in the Soviet Union.
Minimal instruction set computer
Minimal instruction set computer (MISC) is a central processing unit (CPU) architecture, usually in the form of a microprocessor, with a very small number of basic operations and corresponding opcodes, together forming an instruction set. Such sets are commonly stack-based rather than register-based to reduce the size of operand specifiers.

Such a stack machine architecture is inherently simpler since all instructions operate on the top-most stack entries. One result of the stack architecture is an overall smaller instruction set, allowing a smaller and faster instruction decode unit with overall faster operation of individual instructions.

Operand
In mathematics, an operand is the object of a mathematical operation, i.e., it is the object or quantity that is operated on.

Unknown operands in equalities of expressions can be found by equation solving.
Golden-winged laughingthrush
The golden-winged laughingthrush (Trochalopteron ngoclinhense) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae.
It is endemic to Ngọc Linh mountain (southwestern Vietnam).

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Laughingthrush
The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 143 species and is divided into 17 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.  The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.
XIII International Chopin Piano Competition
The XIII International Chopin Piano Competition (Polish: XIII Międzynarodowy Konkurs Pianistyczny im. Fryderyka Chopina) took place in Warsaw from October 1–22, 1995. As in the previous competition five years earlier, the first prize was not awarded.

Ivana Švarc-Grenda
Ivana Švarc-Grenda (born in Zagreb, 1970) is a Croatian pianist.

Švarc-Grenda was trained at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, the Academy of the Arts in Berlin and Salzburg's Mozarteum, settling in Germany.

In the 90s she centered on Frédéric Chopin's music; she won prizes at the Chopin competitions in Baltimore and New York, and took part at the XIII Chopin Competition in Warszaw, where she reached the 2nd round.
Popash, Florida
Popash, Florida is a small rural settlement in Hardee County, Florida, United States. It is located on State Road 64. Popash was founded in the 1850s, and was well-established by the late 1870s. It was possibly named after the pop ash tree. Railroad construction created a possibility of town growth, but the railroad ended up not being routed through the town. Popash has no official written history, it also has no historical placemarkers. In contemporary times, residents work as farmers, ranch workers and at orange groves around the town.

Florida State Road 64
State Road 64 (SR 64) extends from City Road 789 (former County Road 789) near the Gulf of Mexico in Holmes Beach on Anna Maria Island in Manatee County to US 27/US 98 in Avon Park in Highlands County. State Road 64 travels from west to east through the counties of Manatee, Hardee and Highlands.
New materialism
New materialism is a movement within contemporary philosophy that seeks to rework the conventional ontological understanding of the material world. While many philosophical tendencies are associated with new materialism, in such a way that the movement resists a single definition, its common characteristics include a rejection of essentialism, representationalism, and anthropocentrism as well as the dualistic boundaries between nature/culture; subject/object; and human/non-human. Instead, new materialists emphasize how fixed entities and apparently closed systems are produced through dynamic relations and processes, considering the distribution of agency through the interaction of heterogeneous forces. The movement has influenced a wide variety of new articulations between intellectual currents in science and philosophy, in fields such as science and technology studies, as well as systems science.

Science and technology studies
Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts.
Leeds TV
Local TV Leeds (formerly known by the names of TalkLeeds, Leeds TV and Made in Leeds) is a local television station serving Leeds and West Yorkshire. The station is owned and operated by Local Television Limited and forms part of a group of eight Local TV stations. It broadcasts from studios and offices in the Chapeltown area of Leeds.

Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).
Virus (Iron Maiden song)
"Virus" is a single from Iron Maiden, released in 1996. It is the first single since 1980's "Women in Uniform" that does not appear on any official Iron Maiden studio album. It was, however, featured as a brand new track on the band's first ever career retrospective – 1996's double-disc Best of the Beast. It is the only Iron Maiden song to be credited to both of the band's guitarists. It has never been performed live by Iron Maiden, but Blaze Bayley performed it several times in his solo career. Lyrically, the song warns of rising business and government corruption in an increasingly Internet-dependent world.

Janick Gers
Janick Robert Gers (/ˈjænɪk ˈɡɜːrz/; born 27 January 1957) is an English musician who is best known as one of the three guitarists in heavy metal band Iron Maiden since 1990. He initially joined to replace Adrian Smith, but remained in the band after Smith rejoined in 1999.  Gers was previously a member of Gillan and co-founder of the band White Spirit in 1975.
East Orange Campus High School
East Orange Campus High School is a comprehensive community public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in the city of East Orange, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, on the former campus of Upsala College. The school is part of the East Orange School District, classified as an Abbott District. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1928.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,798 students and 101.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 17.8:1. There were 139 students (7.7% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 14 (0.8% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Comprehensive high school
Comprehensive high schools are the most widely adopted form of public high schools around the world, designed to provide a well-rounded education to its students. The typical comprehensive high school offers more than one course program of specialization to its students. Comprehensive high schools generally offer a college preparatory course program and one or more foreign language, scientific or vocational course programs. Alternatively, in some educational systems examinations are used to sort students into different high schools for different populations. Other types of high schools specialize in university-preparatory school academic preparation, remedial instruction, or vocational instruction.
Cornforth
Cornforth is a village in County Durham, England. It is adjacent to the village of West Cornforth, situated a short distance to the north-east of Ferryhill.

Before the middle part of the Victorian era, when coal mining was at its height in County Durham, Cornforth was in the parish of Bishop Middleham.

Thomas Hutchinson (bap. 1698, d. 1769) was a classical scholar, born in Cornforth and baptised there on 17 May 1698.

Ferryhill
Ferryhill is a town and civil parish in County Durham, England, with an estimated population in 2018 of 8,857. The town grew in the 1900s around the coal mining industry. The last mine officially closed in 1968. It is located between the towns of Bishop Auckland, Newton Aycliffe, Sedgefield, Shildon, Spennymoor and the cathedral city of Durham.
Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women
The Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women is an interdisciplinary research center focused on gender and women at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. It was established in 1981. In addition to research, the center is home to archives of feminist theory and women's history as well as Brown's undergraduate Gender and Sexuality Studies concentration. Postcolonial theorist Leela Gandhi, is the Center's director, having assumed the position in July 2021.

The Pembroke Center was named in honor of Pembroke College in Brown University, Brown's former coordinate women's college. It is affiliated with Brown's Sarah Doyle Center for Women and Gender.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Coláiste Chríost Rí
Coláiste Chríost Rí (English: Christ the King College) is a Catholic secondary school for boys based on Capwell Road in Turners Cross, Cork, Ireland. The school, which is under the trusteeship of the Presentation Brothers Schools Trust, had an enrollment of 513 students as of 2023.

Second language
A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1). A second language may be a neighbouring language, another language of the speaker's home country, or a foreign language.

A speaker's dominant language, which is the language a speaker uses most or is most comfortable with, is not necessarily the speaker's first language. For example, the Canadian census defines first language for its purposes as "What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands?", recognizing that for some, the earliest language may be lost, a process known as language attrition. This can happen when young children start school or move to a new language environment.
Tokutan Castle
Tokutan Castle (徳丹城, Tokutan-jō) was an early Heian period jōsaku-style Japanese castle located in what is now the town of Yahaba in Shiwa District, Iwate Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of far northern Honshū, Japan. The site was proclaimed a National Historic Site of Japan on 5 August 1969.

Shiwa District, Iwate
List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Rikuchū Province > Shiwa District

Japan > Tōhoku region > Iwate Prefecture > Shiwa District

Shiwa (紫波郡, Shiwa-gun)  is a rural district located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

As of June 1, 2019, the district has an estimated population of 60,203 and a density of 196.5 persons per km2. The total area was 306.3 km2.

The district consists of two towns:

Shiwa

Yahaba
The Boyhood of Raleigh
The Boyhood of Raleigh is an 1870 painting by John Everett Millais in the collection of the Tate Gallery. In the painting, Millais depicts famed Elizabethan-era explorer Walter Raleigh and his brother on the Devonshire coast listening to a Genoese sailor pointing out to sea and telling the pair of "tales of wonder on sea and land".

Inspired by an essay written by historian James Anthony Froude, the painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1871. Quickly receiving acclaim, it went on to be the subject of parody by numerous 20th century political cartoons and album covers.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
SABC
The South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) is the public broadcaster in South Africa, and provides 19 radio stations (AM/FM) as well as 6 television broadcasts and 3 OTT Services to the general public. It is one of the largest of South Africa's state-owned enterprises and the biggest state broadcaster in Africa.

Opposition politicians and civil society often criticise the SABC, accusing it of being a mouthpiece for whichever political party is in majority power, thus currently the ruling African National Congress; during the apartheid era it was accused of playing the same role for the National Party government.

Southern Ndebele language
0–20%

20–40%

40–60%

60–80%

80–100%

<1 /km²

1–3 /km²

3–10 /km²

10–30 /km²

30–100 /km²

100–300 /km²

300–1000 /km²

1000–3000 /km²

>3000 /km²

isiNdebele (English:  /ɛndəˈbiːliː/), also known as Southern Ndebele is an African language belonging to the Mbo group of Bantu languages, spoken by the Ndebele people of South Africa.

Northern Ndebele or Ndebele also known as  isiNdebele is spoken in Limpopo in areas such as Polokwane (Bhulungwane), Ga-Rathoka (KaSondonga), Ga-Mashashane, Ga Maraba / Kalkspruit, Mokopane (Mghumbane), Zebediela (Sebetiela), which is closer to Southern Ndebele.
Bear Creek Studio
Bear Creek Studio is a residential recording studio located in a barn on a 10 acre farm in Woodinville, Washington. A number of notable artists have recorded at the studio since its establishment in 1977, including: Brandi Carlile, Train, the Lumineers, Soundgarden, the Mountain Goats, Foo Fighters, James Brown, Modest Mouse, L.A. Edwards, Geoff Tate, The Tragically Hip, Eric Clapton and Lionel Richie.

Barn
A barn is an agricultural building usually  on farms and used for various purposes. In North America, a barn refers to structures that house livestock, including cattle and horses, as well as equipment and fodder, and often grain. As a result, the term barn is often qualified e.g. tobacco barn, dairy barn, cow house, sheep barn, potato barn. In the British Isles and in Europe, the term barn is restricted mainly to storage structures for unthreshed cereals and fodder, the terms byre or shippon being applied to cow shelters, whereas horses are kept in buildings known as stables. In mainland Europe, however, barns were often part of integrated structures known as byre-dwellings (or housebarns in US literature). In addition, barns may be used for equipment storage, as a covered workplace, and for activities such as threshing.
Arthur Joseph West
Arthur Joseph West (1863 in Bromsgrove; – 2 November 1937 in Bexhill-on-Sea) was a British civil engineer. Under his leadership, the Labuan Coal Line and the North Borneo Railway from Beaufort to Weston and Melalap were built.

Weston, Sabah
Weston is a small town located on the west coast of the Malaysian state of Sabah, about 100 kilometers south of Kota Kinabalu, the state capital. Weston is part of the Beaufort District in the Interior Division and was named after Arthur J. West, a railway engineer for the North Borneo Chartered Company. Weston is one of the towns along the Pan Borneo Highway.
Alan Lofthouse
Alan Lofthouse is a former South African international lawn and indoor bowler.

He won a gold medal in the fours at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria with Robert Rayfield, Donald Piketh and Neil Burkett.

In November 2014, Alan Lofthouse and Geoff Perrow won the Western Province pairs.

Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one.

The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ends are played.

The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand.
Cao Lei
Cao Lei (Chinese: 曹磊; pinyin: Cáo Lěi; born 24 December 1983 in Qinhuangdao, Hebei) is a Chinese weightlifter. She was born in north China's Hebei Province and was raised in the northeastern Heilongjiang Province.

Qinhuangdao
39°53′18″N 119°31′13″E﻿ / ﻿39.8882°N 119.5202°E﻿ / 39.8882; 119.5202

Qinhuangdao (/ˈtʃɪnˈhwɑːŋˈdaʊ/; Chinese: 秦皇岛) is a port city on the coast of China in northern Hebei. It is administratively a prefecture-level city, about 300 km (190 mi) east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. Its population during the 2020 national census was 3,136,879, with 1,881,047 people living in the built-up (or 'metro') area made up of four urban districts.At the end of 2024, the total resident population of the city was 3,111,400, an increase of 0.4 thousand over the end of the previous year. Among them, the resident population of urban areas is 2,078,100.
Faith, South Dakota
Faith is a city in the northeastern corner of Meade County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 367 at the 2020 census. The most complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton known, Sue, was discovered approximately 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Faith in August 1990.

Cheyenne River Indian Reservation
The Cheyenne River Indian Reservation was created by the United States in 1889 by breaking up the Great Sioux Reservation, following the attrition of the Lakota in a series of wars in the 1870s.  The reservation covers almost all of Dewey and Ziebach counties in South Dakota. In addition, many small parcels of off-reservation trust land are located in Stanley, Haakon, and Meade counties.

The total land area is 4,266.987 sq mi (11,051.447 km2), making it the fourth-largest Indian reservation in land area in the United States. Its largest community is unincorporated North Eagle Butte, while adjacent Eagle Butte is its largest incorporated city.
Lakeview Heights, Missouri
Lakeview Heights is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Missouri, United States. Lakeview Heights is located on the Osage River, 12.3 miles (19.8 km) east of Warsaw.

A post office called Lakeview Heights was established in 1932, and remained in operation until 1955. The community was named for its location near Lake of the Ozarks.

Osage River
The Osage River is a 276-mile-long (444 km) tributary of the Missouri River in central Missouri in the United States. The eighth-largest river in the state, it drains a mostly rural area of 15,300 square miles (40,000 km2). The watershed includes an area of east-central Kansas and a large portion of west-central and central Missouri, where it drains northwest areas of the Ozark Plateau.

The river flows generally easterly, then northeasterly for the final 80 miles (130 km) where it joins the Missouri River. It is impounded in two major locations. Most of the river has been converted into a chain of two reservoirs, the Harry S. Truman Reservoir and the Lake of the Ozarks.
María Casado (rugby union)
María Casado (born 25 December 1985) is a Spanish rugby sevens player. She was selected for the Spanish women's sevens team to the 2016 Summer Olympics. She also was part of the team that secured the last spot for the Rio Olympics. She played at the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens.

2016 Rugby World Women's Sevens Olympic Repechage Tournament
The 2016 Rugby World Women's Sevens Olympic Repechage Tournament was a qualification tournament for the women's rugby sevens 2016 Summer Olympics which was held on 25–26 June 2016. The tournament used a round-robin format, with the top team qualifying directly to the Olympics.

The tournament took place at the UCD Bowl in Dublin, Ireland.
Xinguo station
Xinguo Station (Chinese: 新郭) is a station on Line 3 of the Suzhou Metro. The station is located in Gusu District, Suzhou. It has been in use since December 25, 2019; when Line 3 first opened to the public. It is the only station of Line 3 to be located in Gusu District, with all preceding stations being found in Huqiu District, and all following stations located in either Wuzhong District or Suzhou Industrial Park.

Wuzhong, Suzhou
Wuzhong District (simplified Chinese: 吴中区; traditional Chinese: 吳中區; pinyin: Wúzhōng Qū) is one of five urban districts of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. It has a land area of 770 km2 (300 sq mi) and had a population of 1,388,972 in 2020.
HMS Turquoise
Four ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Turquoise.

HMS Turquoise (1876), an Emerald-class corvette in service 1876–1892

HMS Turquoise (1893), a fleet messenger sunk in the Atlantic by SM U-28 on 31 July 1915

HMS Turquoise (1918), an S-class destroyer in service 1919–1928 and sold 1932

HMS Turquoise (T45), a naval trawler, damaged on 31 August 1942 after colliding with the destroyer HMS Vanessa which lost control after an attack by German aircraft

S-class destroyer (1917)
The S class (initially known as the Modified Trenchant class) was a class of 67 destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy in 1917 under the 11th and 12th Emergency War Programmes. They saw active service in the last months of the First World War and in the Russian and Irish Civil Wars during the early 1920s.  Most were relegated to the reserve by the mid-1920s and subsequently scrapped under the terms of the London Naval Treaty. Eleven survivors saw much action during the Second World War.