hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colt ACR
The Colt ACR was Colt's entry in the U.S. DoD Advanced Combat Rifle program, which concluded with the result that none of the entrants achieved enough of an improvement over the M16 to be worth the cost.

The Colt ACR was not a total loss, however; the scope went on to be offered by Elcan as the C79, a version of which was eventually adopted as the M145 Machine Gun Optic used on a number of firearms, especially those from Diemaco (now Colt Canada).

As well, a small batch of stocks during testing were cut-down to a smaller size similar to a CAR-15 buttstock. An example made its way to David Armstrong who used it as a basis for the design of the SOPMOD stock and another went to Magpul.

ELCAN Optical Technologies
Raytheon ELCAN Optical Technologies, also simply ELCAN (Ernst Leitz CANada), is a Canadian optics and electronics manufacturing company owned by American defense contractor RTX Corporation, currently based in Midland, Ontario.  ELCAN produces optical devices geared towards both civilian and military markets, and their products are sold through Armament Technology Inc. based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and associated channels of dealers.
William Lovat Fraser
William Lovat Fraser (7 November 1884 – 21 November 1968) was a Scottish sportsman who played cricket and rugby union at an international level, representing Scotland in cricket and touring Argentina with the 1910 Combined British rugby union side, an early incarnation of the British and Irish Lions.

Merchiston Castle School
Merchiston Castle School is an independent boarding school for boys in the suburb of Colinton in Edinburgh, Scotland.  It has around 470 pupils and is open to boys between the ages of 7 and 18 as either boarding or day pupils; it was modelled after English public schools. It is divided into Merchiston Juniors (ages 7–13), Middle Years (ages 13–16) and a Sixth Form.
Teets
Teets is a surname, an Americanized form of German Dietz. Notable people with the surname include:

Harley O. Teets (1906–1957), American prison warden

Peter B. Teets (1942-2020), American government official

Peter B. Teets
Peter Burritt Teets (February 12, 1942 – November 29, 2020) was the thirteenth Director of the National Reconnaissance Office and the Under Secretary of the Air Force.

Mr. Teets engineered the formation of a comprehensive national security space enterprise, laying the groundwork for the integration of open and classified space activities in support of national security objectives. He commissioned panels on space acquisition policies and space launch initiatives. He greatly improved the acquisition, operation, and effectiveness of national security space capabilities.
Häggenås
Häggenås is a locality situated in Östersund Municipality, Jämtland County, Sweden with 320 inhabitants in 2010.

Häggenås Church (Häggenås kyrka) is  in the Diocese of Härnösand.  The church was completed in 1837 based upon drawings by builder Lars David Geting and architect Samuel Enander. An extensive renovation took place in the years 1921-1922

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Indigenous Services Canada
Indigenous Services Canada (ISC; French: Services aux Autochtones Canada; SAC) is one of two departments in the Government of Canada with responsibility for policies relating to Indigenous peoples in Canada (the other being Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada). ISC's mandate is to work "collaboratively with partners to improve access to high quality services for First Nations, Inuit and Métis."

The department was created in 2019 following the dissolution of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. ISC is responsible to Parliament through the minister of Indigenous services (Mandy Gull-Masty since 2025). While the minister is head of the department, and provides policy/political direction, the day-to-day operations of the department are managed by the deputy minister (currently Michelle Kovacevic), who is a public servant. Its headquarters is in Terrasses de la Chaudière, in downtown Gatineau, Quebec.

Mandy Gull-Masty
Mandy Shana Gull-Masty PC MP (born May 23, 1980) is a Canadian politician who has been Minister of Indigenous Services since 2025. A member of the Liberal Party, Gull-Masty was elected as the member of Parliament (MP) for Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou, Quebec, in 2025. Before entering federal politics, she was Grand Chief of the Grand Council of the Crees from 2021 to 2025, and was the first woman to hold this position.
The Cheat (1937 film)
The Cheat (French: Forfaiture) is a 1937 French drama film directed by Marcel L'Herbier and starring Victor Francen, Sessue Hayakawa and Louis Jouvet. It is a remake of the American silent film The Cheat by Cecil B. DeMille.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Gys. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris.

Marcel L'Herbier
Marcel L'Herbier (French: [lɛʁbje]; 23 April 1888 – 26 November 1979) was a French filmmaker who achieved prominence as an avant-garde theorist and imaginative practitioner with a series of silent films in the 1920s. His career as a director continued until the 1950s and he made more than 40 feature films in total. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked on cultural programmes for French television. He also fulfilled many administrative roles in the French film industry, and he was the founder and the first President of the French film school Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC).
Houska
Houska is a traditional bread roll baked and consumed in the Czech Republic. Typical ingredients include wheat flour (but other types can be used), water, yeast and salt. They are topped with poppy seeds, caraway seeds, linseeds or sea salt. Rohlík is another form, similar or identical in  ingredients, production, taste, size and price.

A 2003 issue of the Culinary Historians of Chicago newsletter published a "houska bread" recipe from Chicago Tribune feature writer Judy Hevrdejs. This was described as a lightly sweetened, traditional bread loaf. The recipe contained a significant amount of sugar, eggs and cream, raisins, and was covered in blanched almonds.

Sea salt
Sea salt is salt that is produced by the evaporation of seawater. It is used as a seasoning in foods, cooking, cosmetics and for preserving food. It is also called bay salt, solar salt, or simply salt. Like mined rock salt, production of sea salt has been dated to prehistoric times.
Milcorus
Milcorus or Milkoros (Ancient Greek: Μίλκωρος) was a town of the Chalcidice in ancient Macedonia. It belonged to the Delian League since it appears in the tribute records of Athens between 435/4 and 433/2 BCE. It is probable that it was one of the cities that rebelled against Athens in 432 BCE.

Its site is unlocated.

Chalkidiki
Chalkidiki (/kælˈkɪdɪki/; Greek: Χαλκιδική, romanized: Chalkidikḗ [xalciðiˈci], alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos region constitutes the easternmost part of the peninsula, but not of the regional unit.

The capital of Chalkidiki is the town of Polygyros, located in the centre of the peninsula, while the largest town is Nea Moudania. Chalkidiki is a popular summer tourist destination.
HMS Wellington
At least three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Wellington:

The French brig Oreste was renamed HMS Wellington after her capture in 1810 but never commissioned and was broken up in 1812.

HMS Wellington (1816) was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line. Initially named Hero during construction, the vessel was renamed first to Wellington and then HMS Akbar in 1861, when the vessel was converted to a training ship. The ship was broken up in 1908.

HMS Wellington (U65) is a Grimsby-class sloop, launched in 1934. After World War II she was converted to the "Head Quarters Ship" HQS Wellington at Chatham Dockyard and moored at Victoria Embankment, London. Until 2023 she was the floating livery hall of the Honourable Company of Master Mariners.

HMS Wellington (U65)
HMS Wellington (launched Devonport, 1934) is a Grimsby-class sloop, formerly of the Royal Navy. During the Second World War, she served as a convoy escort ship in the North Atlantic. She is now moored alongside the Victoria Embankment, at Temple Pier, on the River Thames in London, England. From 1948 to 2023 she was the headquarters ship of the Honourable Company of Master Mariners, known as HQS Wellington. In 2024,  she returned to her prefix of HMS Wellington.
Arthur H. Howell
Arthur Holmes Howell (May 3, 1872 – July 10, 1940) was an American zoologist most notable for his field work on mammals and birds in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, and Texas.

Howell was born in Lake Grove, New York. In 1889, he became a member of the American Ornithologists' Union. By 1895, he accompanied Vernon Bailey as field assistant during surveys in Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon.

Howell described several mammals and birds, including the gray bat, the Cape Sable seaside sparrow, and the red-tailed chipmunk. In 1898, he visited Great Gull Island and confirmed the extinction of the Gull Island vole.

Howell published 118 works, including Birds of Arkansas (1911), Birds of Alabama (1924), and Florida bird life (1932)

Gray bat
The gray bat (Myotis grisescens) is a species of microbat endemic to North America. It once flourished in caves all over the southeastern United States, but due to human disturbance, gray bat populations declined severely during the early and mid portion of the 20th century. Today, only fifteen caves support 95% of hibernating gray bats. M. grisescens has been listed as federally endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service since 1976, and is protected under the Endangered Species Act. Gray bat populations were estimated at approximately 2 million bats around the time they were placed on the Endangered Species list. By the early 1980s populations of gray bats dropped to 1.6 million. With conservation efforts in place, in 2004, gray bat populations were estimated to have reached 3.4 million.
Andrew Smith (Canadian politician)
Andrew Smith is a Canadian politician and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. He served as a legislator from the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba. He was first elected in the 2016 election as MLA for Southdale, and re-elected in 2019 as MLA for the new electoral district of Lagimodière, which was created partly from his former constituency. He served until he lost the seat in 2023.

2016 Manitoba general election
The 2016 Manitoba general election was held on April 19, 2016, to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba, led by Greg Selinger, were defeated by the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba led by Brian Pallister, ending nearly 17 years of NDP government. The Progressive Conservatives won 40 seats, one of the largest majority governments in Manitoba history, the other one was in 1915 when Liberals also won 40 seats.

The election also removed one of the two New Democratic governments in the country, the other being formed by the Alberta New Democratic Party.
Okanagan Falls Provincial Park
Okanagan Falls Provincial Park, now officially named sx̌ʷəx̌ʷnitkʷ Provincial Park, is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located within the traditional territory of the Osoyoos Indian Band. Since time immemorial, the Osoyoos Indian Band's Okanagan ancestors have inhabited and cared for the lands and waters in their traditional territory. The park is also located within the town of Okanagan Falls, protecting the area around the waterfall of the same name, which lies below the outlet of Skaha Lake in the course of the Okanagan River.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.
Fancy Gadam
Mujahid Ahmed Bello (born 16 August 1988) known by his stage name Fancy Gadam, is a Ghanaian afropop, amapiano, dancehall and reggae musician. In 2017, he won Ghana Music Awards for Best New Artist and in 2020, he was named Best Afrobeat Entertainer at the International Reggae and World Music Awards.

World Music Awards
The World Music Awards was an international award show founded in 1989 under the patronage of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and co-founder/executive producer John Martinotti. Most years, the event was held in Monte Carlo. Awards were presented to the world's best-selling artists in several categories and to the best-selling artists from each major territory. Past winners have included Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Shakira, Gloria Gaynor, Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, and Beyoncé.

The original trophy was a plaque depicting a mermaid, in a presentation case. Between 1990 and 1994, it was a golden treble clef with a globe in the middle. From 1995 on, it was a gold-plated Atlassian figure holding up the Earth above his head.

The event was last held in 2014, though its website remains live. The Global Recording Artist of the Year award, established in 2014 by IFPI, nowadays covers parts of what were the main categories of the World Music Awards.
Monique Truong
Monique T.D. Truong (born May 13, 1968) is a Vietnamese American writer living in Brooklyn, New York. She graduated from Yale University and Columbia University School of Law. She has written multiple books, and her first novel, The Book of Salt, was published by Houghton-Mifflin in 2003. It was a national bestseller, and was awarded the 2003 Bard Fiction Prize and the Stonewall Book Award-Barbara Gittings Literature Award. She has also written Watermark: Vietnamese American Poetry & Prose, along with Barbara Tran and Luu Truong Khoi, and numerous essays and works of short fiction.

Vietnamese Americans
Vietnamese Americans (Vietnamese: Người Mỹ gốc Việt, Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋɯəj˨˩ mi˦ˀ˥ ɣŏk˧˦ viət̚˧˨ʔ~ziət̚˧˨ʔ]) are Americans of Vietnamese ancestry. They constitute a major part of all overseas Vietnamese. As of 2023, over 2.3 million people of Vietnamese descent live in the United States, making them the fourth largest Asian American ethnic group. The majority (60%) are immigrants, while 40% were born in the United States. The number includes people of other ethnicities such as Montagnards, Tais, Chams, or Hoa Chinese.

The Vietnamese American population grew significantly after 1975, when a large wave of South Vietnamese refugees arrived in the U.S. following the end of the Vietnam War. Today, over half of Vietnamese-Americans reside in California and Texas, particularly in metropolitan areas like Los Angeles, Houston, and San Jose.
European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering
The European Council of Applied Sciences, Technologies and Engineering (Euro-CASE) is a European non-profit organization, which groups 19 to 20 European national academies of engineering, applied sciences and technology. The organization provides a European forum for exchange and consultation between European institutions, industry, research, and national governments.

The mission of the organization is to pursue, encourage and maintain excellence in the fields of engineering, applied sciences and technology, and promote their science, art and practice.

Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.

There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology.
Tom Andrews (sprinter)
Tom Andrews (born June 15, 1954) is an American retired hurdler.  Running for the University of Southern California, he was the 1977 NCAA Champion in the 400 meters hurdles.

While at West Bakersfield High School, he finished second in the 400 meters at the 1973 CIF California State Meet.

Andrews won the British AAA Championships title in the 400 metres (flat) event at the 1977 AAA Championships.

1977 AAA Championships
The 1977 AAA Championships sponsored by Nationwide was the 1977 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 22 to 23 July 1977 at the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London, England.
Seth Tarver
Seth A. Tarver (born July 1, 1988) is an American former professional basketball player who last played for the Passlab Yamagata Wyverns of the B.League. Tarver played for the Oregon State Beavers in college and graduated in 2010 with a degree in business. His brother, Josh Tarver, also played with him all four years at Oregon State. His father is former NFL running-back John Tarver.

B.League
The B.League is a men's professional basketball league in Japan. The league is operated by the Japan Professional Basketball League and was formed as a result of a merger between the National Basketball League that was operated by the FIBA-affiliated Japan Basketball Association and the independently operated bj league. The merger had been mandated by FIBA as a condition to Japan having its membership resumed following suspension in November 2014. The league began play in September 2016.
Song Li (bioengineer)
Song Li (Chinese: 李松; pinyin: Lǐ Sōng) is a chancellor professor and former Department Chair of Bioengineering at University of California, Los Angeles. He received his Ph.D. in bioengineering from University of California, San Diego. Dr. Li was a Bioengineering faculty at University of California, Berkeley (2001-2015), and he moved to UCLA in 2016. His research is focused on cell engineering, mechanobiology, biomaterials, and regenerative medicine. He is well recognized bioengineer, and has been elected as a Fellow of the International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Society and American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.

Biomedical Engineering Society
BMES (the Biomedical Engineering Society) is the professional society for students, faculty, researchers and industry working in the broad area of biomedical engineering. BMES is the leading biomedical engineering society in the United States and was founded on February 1, 1968 "to promote the increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization."  There are 7,000 members in 2018.

Since 1972, the society has published an academic journal, the Annals of Biomedical Engineering (online archive).
Craig Buck
Craig Werner Buck (born August 24, 1958) is an American former volleyball player and two-time Olympic gold medalist. He was a member of the United States national team that won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

Buck also helped the United States to gold medals at the 1985 FIVB World Cup and the 1986 FIVB World Championship, which, following the 1984 Olympic gold, constituted a "triple crown".

Buck is widely regarded as one of the best middle blockers of all time. He was also a very effective hitter. In 1990, the United States Olympic Committee selected him as their volleyball player of the year.

Buck was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame in 1998.

International Volleyball Hall of Fame
The International Volleyball Hall of Fame (IVHF) was founded to honor extraordinary players, coaches, officials, and leaders who have made significant contributions to the game of volleyball. The Hall of Fame is located in Holyoke, Massachusetts, where volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan at the local YMCA.
Jim Whitney
James Evans "Grasshopper Jim" Whitney (November 10, 1857 – May 21, 1891) was an American professional baseball player.  He was a right-handed pitcher over parts of ten seasons (1881–1890) with the Boston Red Caps/Beaneaters, Kansas City Cowboys, Washington Nationals, Indianapolis Hoosiers and Philadelphia Athletics (AA).  He was the National League strikeout champion in 1883 with the Boston Beaneaters.

Philadelphia Athletics (American Association)
The Philadelphia Athletics were a professional baseball team, one of six charter members of the American Association, a 19th-century major league, which began play in 1882 as a rival to the National League. The other teams were the Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Red Stockings, Eclipse of Louisville, Pittsburgh Alleghenys, and St. Louis Brown Stockings. The team took its name from a previous team, which played in the National Association from 1871 through 1875 and in the National League in 1876.
Dinu Adameșteanu
Dinu Adameșteanu (Toporu, 25 March 1913 – Policoro, 2 January 2004) was a Romanian-Italian archaeologist, a pioneer and promoter of the use of aerial photography and aerial survey in archaeology. From 1958 to 1964, he was director of Aerofototeca for the Italian Ministry of Public Education, he was a professor of Etruscology, Italian antiquities, and the topography of ancient Italy at the University of Lecce. At the same university, he was also director of the Institute of Archaeology, of the Department of Scholarship on Antiquity, and of the school of classical and medieval archaeology.

As a civil servant, in charge of the Soprintendenze of Basilicata and Apulia, he was notable for his protection of the archaeological sites within the territory under his control, for the creation of a national network of museums, and for advocating the display of archaeological discoveries near the location of their original discovery.

Accademia dei Lincei
The Accademia dei Lincei, anglicised as the Lincean Academy, was an Italian accademia active from 1603 to 1651. It was established in Rome in 1603 by Federico Cesi, and was named after the lynx, an animal whose sharp vision symbolizes the acuity that science requires. Galileo Galilei was the intellectual centre of the academy and adopted "Galileo Galilei Linceo" as his signature. Cesi died in 1630, and the academy was dissolved in or before 1651.

During the nineteenth century, it was revived, first in the Papal States and later in the nation of Italy. Thus the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, established in 1936, claims this heritage as the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ("Pontifical Academy of the New Lynx-Eyed"), founded in 1847, descending from the first two incarnations of the Academy. Similarly, a lynx-eyed academy of the 1870s became the national academy of Italy, encompassing both literature and science among its concerns.