hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beckwith, Ontario
Beckwith is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located in Lanark County on the Mississippi River.  It is located within Canada's National Capital Region.

The township, named after Sir Thomas Sydney Beckwith, was surveyed in 1816 and settlement began the year after.

Mississippi River (Ontario)
The Mississippi River is a tributary of the Ottawa River in Eastern Ontario, Canada, which has no relation with the Mississippi River in the United States. It is 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length from its source at Mackavoy Lake, has a drainage area of 4,450 square kilometres (1,720 sq mi), and has a mean discharge of 40 cubic metres per second (1,400 cu ft/s). There are more than 250 lakes in the watershed.

Communities along the river include the village of Lanark, the towns of Carleton Place, Mississippi Mills (including towns of Almonte and Pakenham), and Galetta. Here it enters the Ottawa River.
International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist Events
The International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist Events  project, commonly known as ITERATE, records data regarding transnational terrorist groups and their activities. It is one of the most comprehensive databases of its type; most academic research in the field stems from either ITERATE or the Global Terrorism Database. Published by Vinyard Software, it is available as a qualitative textual chronology from 1960–present and a quantitative numerically coded database from 1968–present.

Chronology
Chronology (from Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρόνος, chrónos, 'time'; and -λογία, -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as in a timeline or other sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".

Chronology is a part of periodization. It is also a part of the discipline of history including earth history, the earth sciences, and study of the geologic time scale.
York Pioneers
The York Pioneer and Historical Society (YPHS) is Ontario's oldest historical society, and the second-oldest historical society in Canada. It is located in Toronto and operates Scadding Cabin during the Canadian National Exhibition, publishes the York Pioneer journal, and participates in Toronto historical preservation projects.

Historical society
A historical society is non-profit organization dedicated to collecting, preserving, interpreting, and promoting the history of a particular place, group of people, or topic. They play a crucial role in promoting historical awareness and understanding by providing a platform for research, education, and public engagement.

Historical societies vary in specialization, with focuses ranging from specific geographical areas such as countries, states/provinces or cities/towns, ethnographic such as ethnic and genealogical, and topical such as transportation, event based, or military history.
HMS Malabar (1818)
HMS Malabar was a 74-gun third-rate Repulse-class ship of the line built for the Royal Navy in the 1810s. She was not commissioned until 1832 and served with the Mediterranean Fleet and the North America and West Indies Station. The ship ran aground in 1838, but was quickly refloated. Her crew assisted with the fire that destroyed the American paddle frigate USS Missouri in 1843 and rescued many of the ship's survivors. Malabar was converted into a coal hulk in 1838 and was renamed Myrtle in 1883. The ship was sold out of the service in 1905.

North America and West Indies Station
The North America and West Indies Station was a formation of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy stationed in North American waters from the 1740s to 1956, with its main bases in Bermuda and Halifax, Nova Scotia. The North American Station absorbed the separate Newfoundland Station in 1825 (becoming the North America and Newfoundland Station), and the Jamaica Station in 1830, to form the North America and West Indies Station. It was briefly abolished in 1907 before being restored in 1915. It was renamed the America and West Indies Station in 1926, absorbing what had been the South East Coast of America Station and the Pacific Station.
Lydion
The lydion (Greek λύδιον; plural lydia) was an ancient Greek vase shape. The shape may have been of Egyptian derivation.

As indicated by its name, the lydion originated in Lydia, but was also adopted by potters in Greece. A small spherical perfume container, lacking handles, it was especially popular in East Greece. The vessel stood on a narrow, relatively high foot, cylindrical or conical in shape. The neck could be of varying length; it met the body at an acute angle. The lip was horizontal. Usually, the lydion was decorated with stripes. In Athens, it was only produced rarely; figural decoration was even rarer.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.
Harry Elmer Barnes
Harry Elmer Barnes (June 15, 1889 – August 25, 1968) was an American historian who, in his later years, was known for his historical revisionism and Holocaust denial.

After receiving a PhD at Columbia University in 1918 Barnes became a professor of history at Clark University before moving to Smith College as a professor of historical sociology in 1923. In 1929 he left teaching to work as a journalist, freelance writer and occasional adjunct professor at smaller schools. In 1919–20 and between 1923 and 1937 he lectured regularly at the New School for Social Research. Through his prodigious scholarly output, Barnes was once highly regarded as a historian. By the 1950s, however, he had lost credibility and became a "professional pariah".

Barnes published more than 30 books, 100 essays, and 600 articles and book reviews, many for the Council on Foreign Relations journal Foreign Affairs, where he served as Bibliographical Editor.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Giltspur Street Compter
The Giltspur Street Compter was a compter or small prison, designed by English architect and surveyor George Dance the Younger, mainly used to hold debtors. It was in Giltspur Street, Smithfield, close to Newgate, in the City of London, between 1791 and 1853.

The compter was adjacent to Christ's Hospital Boys' School (1553-1902). Its construction began in 1787, and was ready for occupation in 1791. In 1815 it took some prisoners from the nearby Poultry Compter prior to its closure. The Giltspur Street prison was itself closed in 1853 and demolished in 1854, the site being later occupied by the King Edward Buildings Royal Mail Sorting Office.

King Edward Building
King Edward Building in the City of London was London's main Post Office for most of the 20th century and also the main sorting office for the London EC postal area and for overseas mail. Designed by Sir Henry Tanner, it was opened in 1910 and closed in the 1990s.

The complex had entrances on both King Edward Street and Newgate Street. The 'London Chief Office' on King Edward Street was the largest public post office in the UK.
Yadira Geara
Yadira Geara Cury (born 1 February 1986) is a Dominican former tennis player and beauty pageant titleholder. She played for the Dominican Republic Fed Cup team in 2002 and 2003. she also represented Dominican Republic at Miss International 2005 in Japan where she placed 1st runner-up.

Miss International 2005
Miss International 2005 was the 45th Miss International pageant, held at the Koseinenkin Hall in Tokyo, Japan, on September 26, 2005.

Jeymmy Vargas of Colombia crowned Lara Quigaman of the Philippines as her successor at the end of the event. She became the fourth Filipino to win the pageant.
OpenLDAP
OpenLDAP is a free, open-source implementation of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) developed by the OpenLDAP Project. It is released under its own BSD-style license called the OpenLDAP Public License.

LDAP is a platform-independent protocol. Several common Linux distributions include OpenLDAP Software for LDAP support. The software also runs on BSD-variants, as well as AIX, Android, HP-UX, macOS, OpenVMS, Solaris, Microsoft Windows (NT and derivatives, e.g. 2000, XP, Vista, Windows 7, etc.), and z/OS.

IBM AIX
AIX (pronounced /ˌeɪ.aɪ.ˈɛks/ ay-eye-EKS) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM since 1986. The name stands for "Advanced Interactive eXecutive". Current versions are designed to work with Power ISA based server and workstation computers such as IBM's Power line.
SM UB-123
SM UB-123 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 6 April 1918 as SM UB-123.

She torpedoed and sunk Leinster, a vessel operated by the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company on 10 October 1918, shortly after the new parliamentary based German Government under Max von Baden had asked U.S. President Woodrow Wilson to negotiate an armistice.

Leinster went down just outside Dublin Bay. Over 500 people perished in the sinking – the greatest single loss of life in the Irish Sea.

UB-123 struck a mine at the North Sea Mine Barrage on 19 October 1918, all 36 crew members died in the event.

City of Dublin Steam Packet Company
The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company was a shipping line established in 1823.  It served cross-channel routes between Britain and Ireland for over a century. For 70 of those years it transported the mail. It was 'wound-up' by a select committee of the House of Lords in 1922 and finally liquidated in 1930.

The company operated from offices at Eden House, 15-18 Eden Quay which were constructed in 1829.
Symbolic language (programming)
In computer science, a symbolic language, or assembly language, is a language that uses characters or symbols to represent concepts, such as mathematical operations and the entities (or operands) on which these operations are performed.

Modern programming languages use symbols to represent concepts and/or data and are, therefore, examples of symbolic languages.

Some programming languages (such as Lisp and Mathematica) make it easy to represent higher-level abstractions as expressions in the language, enabling symbolic programming.

A recursive symbolic structure is adopted to preserve ψ-alignment and entropy invariance during ordering transformations, rooted in a generalized recursively structured symbolic system.

Wolfram Mathematica
Wolfram Mathematica (also known as Mathematica) is a software system with built-in libraries for several areas of technical computing that allows machine learning, statistics, symbolic computation, data manipulation, network analysis, time series analysis, NLP, optimization, plotting functions and various types of data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other programming languages. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram, and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois. The Wolfram Language is the programming language used in Mathematica. Mathematica 1.0 was released on June 23, 1988 in Champaign, Illinois and Santa Clara, California. Mathematica's Wolfram Language is fundamentally based on Lisp; for example, the Mathematica command Most is identically equal to the Lisp command butlast.
The Life of the Lord Jesus Christ (book)
The Life of the Lord Jesus Christ (Polish: Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta) is the oldest entirely preserved printed book in Polish by Baltazar Opec, published in 1522.

It is a reworking of a composition, combining the biblical text with apocryphal themes, traditionally attributed to St Bonaventure, Meditationes vitae Christi (Meditations on the Life of Christ). . It also features 39 full-page woodcuts by Hans Leonhard Schäufelein. One of a copies belonged to the library of the Zamoyski family fee tail, which was transferred to the National Library of Poland after the Second World War. From May 2024, one of the few survived copies is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth.

Bonaventure
Bonaventure OFM (/ˈbɒnəvɛntʃər, ˌbɒnəˈvɛntʃər/ BON-ə-ven-chər, -⁠VEN-; Italian: Bonaventura da Bagnoregio [ˌbɔnavenˈtuːra da (b)baɲɲoˈrɛːdʒo]; Latin: Bonaventura de Balneoregio; born Giovanni di Fidanza; 1221 – 15 July 1274) was an Italian Catholic Franciscan bishop, cardinal, scholastic theologian and philosopher.

The seventh Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, he also served for a time as Bishop of Albano. He was canonised on 14 April 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV. In 1588 Pope Sixtus V declared him a Doctor of the Church named as the "Seraphic Doctor" (Latin: Doctor Seraphicus). His feast day is 15 July.

Many writings from the Middle Ages once attributed to him have been subsequently re-classified under the name "Pseudo-Bonaventure".
The Flintstones (2016 comic book)
The Flintstones is a comic book series based on the 1960–1966 animated sitcom created by Hanna-Barbera. The series was published by DC Comics as part of the Hanna-Barbera Beyond comic book initiative. The 12-issue limited series was written by Mark Russell and drawn by Steve Pugh, with the first issue published on June 6, 2016, and the twelfth and final issue published on June 7, 2017.

Steve Pugh
Steve Pugh (/pjuː/ PEW; born 24 March 1966) is a British comic book artist who has worked for American and British comic producers including DC, Marvel, Dark Horse and 2000 AD.

He broke into the industry in the early 1990s working on Hellblazer at DC's Vertigo studio. He is known for doing both pencil art and inking on issues. He has worked on both sides of the Atlantic and has worked for all of the major studios on a variety of titles including Blade, Doctor Strange, JLA, and X-Men.

While at Marvel, he contributed to issue #8 of Star Trek Unlimited, "The Boy, The Warrior, and The Veteran" doing all of the art for the story "The Boy".
Main Azaad Hoon
Main Azaad Hoon (transl. I am Free) is a 1989 Indian Hindi-language vigilante film adapted from the 1941 Frank Capra film, Meet John Doe, by Javed Akhtar, about an opportunistic journalist who concocts a fictitious man in a fictitious article to boost newspaper sales, but when the article gets a huge response, she finds an unemployed man to sit in as Azaad, "man of the masses". The film was directed by Tinnu Anand, and stars Amitabh Bachchan and Shabana Azmi.

The film has only one song; "Itne Baazu Itne Sar", written by Shabana Azmi's real life father and noted poet Kaifi Azmi and sung by the lead actor himself, Amitabh Bachchan.

The film won the Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue for Akhtar.

Kaifi Azmi
Kaifi Azmi (born Athar Husain Rizvi; 14 January 1919 – 10 May 2002) was an Indian Urdu poet. He is remembered as the one who brought Urdu literature to Indian motion pictures. Together with Pirzada Qasim, Jaun Elia and others he participated in many memorable Mushaira gatherings of the twentieth century. He was also a communist who wanted to see India one day become a socialist state. His wife was theatre and film actress Shaukat Kaifi.
Fort Nossa Senhora da Queimada
The Fort Nossa Senhora da Queimada  (Portuguese: Forte de Nossa Senhora da Queimada) also knows as Fort of Pessegueiro (Portuguese: Forte do Pessegueiro) is a fort situated along the coast of the civil parish of Porto Covo, municipality of Sines, in the southern Alentejo of Portugal, across from the island of the same name.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Centre of endemism
A centre of endemism is an area in which the ranges of restricted-range species overlap, or a localised area which has a high occurrence of endemics. Centres of endemism may overlap with biodiversity hotspots which are biogeographic regions characterized both by high levels of plant endemism and by serious levels of habitat loss. The exact delineation of centres of endemism is difficult and some overlap with one another. Centres of endemism are high conservation priority areas.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
P. S. Subrahmanyam
Prakya Sreesaila Subrahmanyam (20 April 1939 – 17 March 2016) was an Indian linguist primarily known for his work on the comparative and historical linguistics of the Dravidian languages. He also wrote about the Sanskrit grammatical tradition (vyākaraṇa). He was a professor at Annamalai University.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
The Last Exorcism
The Last Exorcism is a 2010 American found footage supernatural horror film directed by Daniel Stamm. It stars Patrick Fabian, Ashley Bell, Iris Bahr, Caleb Landry Jones, and Louis Herthum.

The film tells the story of a disillusioned evangelical minister who, after years of performing exorcisms, decides to participate in a documentary chronicling his last exorcism while exposing the fraud of his ministry. After receiving a letter from a farmer asking for help in driving out the devil, he meets the farmer's afflicted daughter.
The film received positive reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing more than $70 million against a $1.8 million budget.

A sequel, The Last Exorcism Part II, was released on March 1, 2013.

Supernatural horror film
Supernatural horror film is a film genre that combines aspects of supernatural film and horror film. Supernatural occurrences in such films often include ghosts and demons, and many supernatural horror films have elements of religion. Common themes in the genre are the afterlife, the devil, and demonic possession. Not all supernatural horror films focus on religion, and they can have "more vivid and gruesome violence".
Kevin Naiqama
Kevin Naiqama (born 4 February 1989) is a Fiji international former rugby league footballer who plays as a centre or winger for the Western Suburbs Rosellas in the Newcastle Rugby League and as a fullback or five-eighth for Fiji at the International level.

He previously played for the Newcastle Knights, Penrith Panthers, Wests Tigers and the Sydney Roosters in the National Rugby League (NRL), and St Helens in the Super League.

Newcastle Rugby League
The Newcastle Rugby League is a local rugby league football competition in Newcastle, Australia. It is one of the oldest rugby league competitions in Australia, founded in 1910. A Newcastle representative team was also assembled from players in the League during most of the 20th century. The first grade competition also comprises the NSWRL Presidents Cup Northern Conference.
Jingle dress
Jingle dress is a First Nations and Native American women's pow wow regalia and dance. North Central College associate professor Matthew Krystal notes, in his book, Indigenous Dance and Dancing Indian: Contested Representation in the Global Era, that "Whereas men's styles offer Grass Dance as a healing themed dance, women may select Jingle Dress Dance." The regalia worn for the dance is a jingle dress, which includes ornamentation with multiple rows of metal, such as cones, that create a jingling sound as the dancer moves.

North Central College
North Central College is a private college in Naperville, Illinois, United States. It is affiliated with the United Methodist Church and has 73 undergraduate majors of study, 17 minors, 25 graduate programs, and 4 certificate programs offered by four undergraduate colleges/schools (College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business and Entrepreneurship, School of Education and Health Sciences, Shimer Great Books School) and one School of Graduate and Professional Studies.
Stare Rowiska
Stare Rowiska [ˈstarɛ rɔˈviska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skierniewice, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Skierniewice and 46 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice
Skierniewice (Polish pronunciation: [skʲɛrɲɛˈvʲit͡sɛ]) is a city in central Poland with 45,184 inhabitants (2023), situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Skierniewice County. Through the town runs the small river Łupia, also called Skierniewka.

Located in the historic region of Masovia, Skierniewice dates back to the medieval period. It prospered as a local trade center with annual fairs and engaged in domestic and international trade. In the 17th and 18th centuries it hosted the residence of the Primates of Poland, and was home of leading Polish Enlightenment poet Ignacy Krasicki. Skierniewice is known as the "Polish Capital of Horticultural Sciences" with local tradition of horticultural studies dating back to 1922. It hosts the annual Skierniewice Festival of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables.

It is a railway junction, located on the main railway line almost exactly halfway between the two largest cities of central Poland, Łódź and Warsaw.