hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charlie Spares
Charles William Reginald Spares (1917 – 29 October 1958), also commonly known as Chuck Spares, was a British jockey. Although predominantly a National Hunt jockey, his biggest victory came on the flat, when he won the 1951 Epsom Derby on Arctic Prince.

Sussex Stakes
The Sussex Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
Tone reproduction
In the theory of photography, tone reproduction is the mapping of scene luminance and color to print reflectance or display luminance, with the aim of subjectively "properly" reproducing brightness and "brightness differences".

The reproduction of color scenes in black-and-white tones is one of the long-time concerns of photographers.

A tone reproduction curve is often referred to by its initials, TRC, and the 'R' is sometimes said to stand for response, as in tone response curve.

Display device
A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form (the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people). When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an electronic display.

Common applications for electronic visual displays are television sets or computer monitors.
Non-photorealistic rendering
Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) is an area of computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art, in contrast to traditional computer graphics, which focuses on photorealism. NPR is inspired by other artistic modes such as painting, drawing, technical illustration, and animated cartoons. NPR has appeared in movies and video games in the form of cel-shaded animation (also known as "toon" shading) as well as in scientific visualization, architectural illustration and experimental animation.

SIGGRAPH
SIGGRAPH is an annual conference centered around computer graphics organized by ACM, starting in 1974 in Boulder, CO. The main conference has always been held in North America; SIGGRAPH Asia, a second conference held annually, has been held since 2008 in countries throughout Asia, as well as twice in Australia.
Devnya Municipality
Devnya Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Девня) is a municipality (obshtina) in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, not far from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Devnya.

The municipality embraces a territory of 100.98 km2 (38.99 sq mi) with a population, as of December 2009, of 9,234 inhabitants. The area is crossed by the east operating part of Hemus motorway which is planned to connect the  port of Varna with the country capital - Sofia.

Opština
Opština, općina, občina, obshtina or obshchina (Cyrillic: општина, опћина or община), is a local government unit in Slavic-speaking countries, most commonly translated as municipality in English. It is used by the following countries:
Long Street, Buckinghamshire
Long Street is a hamlet in the parish of Hanslope, in the unitary authority area of the City of Milton Keynes, ceremonial Buckinghamshire, England. It is located on the road that leads from Hanslope to Hartwell, Northamptonshire and Northampton.

Hartwell, Northamptonshire
Hartwell is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, bordering Buckinghamshire. The village is next to Salcey Forest and the M1 motorway. It is 7 miles (11 km) south of Northampton and 13 miles (21 km) north of Milton Keynes.

The villages name means 'Hart spring/stream'.
Northridge High School (Johnstown, Ohio)
Northridge High School is located in rural northwestern Licking County, Ohio, and serves several townships in that part of the county, as well as a part of southern Knox County, Ohio.  It has a USPS address of Johnstown, Ohio, although it is about five miles northeast of that town.

The original High School is now Alexandria Elementary. After moving from the current elementary, the High School was moved to what is now the current middle school building. Today, both the middle school and high school are in the same building, but fairly separated. As of beginning of the school year 2008, 4th and 5th grade students are attending school in the Intermediate on the campus of the High School.

The school's mascot is the Northridge Viking.

Knox County, Ohio
Knox County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,721. Its county seat is Mount Vernon. The county is named for Henry Knox, an officer in the American Revolutionary War who was later the first Secretary of War. Knox County comprises the Mount Vernon, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Connection Distributing Co. v. Holder
Connection Distributing Co. v. Holder, 557 F.3d 321 (6th Cir. 2009) is a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held that the record-keeping provisions of the Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act did not violate the First Amendment.

Section 2257 of the Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act requires those who create sexually explicit materials to maintain records of their model's age and identities, as a measure against child pornography. Connection Distributing, a publisher of swinging magazines, challenged the constitutionality of the statute, as individuals who posted on Connection's magazines would also be required to create and maintain such records, and provide them to the publisher.

In 2009, the Sixth Circuit ruled en banc that the provisions were not unconstitutional, while a panel of the court had decided in 2007 that the statute violated the First Amendment.

Federal Reporter
The Federal Reporter (ISSN 1048-3888) is a case law reporter in the United States that is published by West Publishing and a part of the National Reporter System. It begins with cases decided in 1880; pre-1880 cases were later retroactively compiled by West Publishing into a separate reporter, Federal Cases. The fourth and current Federal Reporter series publishes decisions of the United States courts of appeals and the United States Court of Federal Claims; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though the Federal Reporter is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the United States that legal professionals, including judges, uniformly cite to the Federal Reporter for included decisions.  Approximately 30 new volumes are published each year.
Linwood Lawn
Linwood Lawn is a historic home located at Lexington, Lafayette County, Missouri.  It was built between 1850 and 1854, and is a two-story, rectangular, Italianate style brick dwelling. It measures 71 feet by 110 feet and features a heavy cornice, detailed balustrades, bay windows, and detailed columns.  Also on the property is a contributing brick, octagonal ice house.: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Ice house (building)
An ice house or icehouse is a building used to store ice throughout the year, commonly used prior to the invention of the refrigerator. Some were underground chambers, usually man-made, located near natural sources of winter ice, such as freshwater lakes, but many were buildings with various types of insulation.

During the winter, ice and snow would be cut from lakes or rivers, taken into the ice house, and packed with insulation (often straw or sawdust). It would remain frozen for many months, often until the following winter, and could be used as a source of ice during the summer months.

The main application of ice was food preservation, but it could also be used to cool drinks or to prepare desserts such as ice cream and sorbet. During the heyday of the ice trade, a typical commercial ice house would store 2,700 tonnes (3,000 short tons) of ice in a 9-by-30-metre (30 by 100 ft) and 14-metre-high (45 ft) building.
Congress of Venezuela
The Congress of the Republic, also known as the National Congress, represented the Venezuelan Legislative Branch until 1999. It had a bicameral composition: a Chamber of Senators (or Senate) and a Chamber of Deputies.
The last president of the Chamber of Senators (who, in turn, served as President of Congress) was Luis Alfonso Dávila, elected senator in the State of Anzoátegui by the Socialist-leaning party Movimiento Quinta República; the last president of the Chamber of Deputies (who also served as Vice President of Congress) was Henrique Capriles Radonski, who was elected deputy in the State of Zulia by the Christian Socialist party COPEI.

Different sectors of Venezuelan political life, both in the opposition and in government, have raised the possibility that, at some point, two chambers will again function in the Venezuelan Legislative Branch, resuming their bicameral composition. However, so far these are only proposals that have been made.

Anzoátegui
Anzoátegui State (Spanish: Estado Anzoátegui, IPA: [esˈtaðo ansoˈateɣi]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela, located in the northeastern region of the country. Anzoátegui is well known for its beaches that attract many visitors. Its coast consists of a single beach approximately 100 km (62 mi) long. Its capital is the city of Barcelona, and significant cities include Puerto la Cruz and El Tigre.
Brønderslev railway station
Brønderslev railway station (Danish: Brønderslev Station or Brønderslev Banegård) is a railway station serving the town of Brønderslev in Vendsyssel, Denmark. It is situated in the central part of the town, immediately adjacent to Brønderslev's bus station.

The station is located on the Vendsyssel Line from Aalborg to Frederikshavn. It opened in 1871 and was moved to its current location in 1966. The train services are operated by the railway company Nordjyske Jernbaner, which runs frequent regional train services to Aalborg and Frederikshavn. Its second and current station building in modernist style was built in 1966 to designs by the Danish architect Ole Ejnar Bonding.

Vendsyssel
Vendsyssel (Danish pronunciation: [ˈvenˌsysl̩]) is the northernmost traditional district of Denmark and of Jutland. Being divided from mainland Jutland by the Limfjord, it is technically a part of the North Jutlandic Island which also comprises the areas Hanherred and Thy. Vendsyssel is part of the North Denmark Region.

Vendsyssel neighbours Hanherred to the southwest and Himmerland to the south, across the Limfjord. Whether the island Læsø is also a part of Vendsyssel, is a matter of definition. The major towns of Vendsyssel are Hjørring, Frederikshavn, Brønderslev, Sæby, Hirtshals, Løkken Vodskov, and, on its northern tip, Skagen. The dominating city is, however, Aalborg which is mainly situated outside Vendsyssel on the southern shore of the Limfjord with Nørresundby as a secondary, northern centre.
Nanaimo Harbour Water Aerodrome
Nanaimo Harbour Water Aerodrome (IATA: ZNA, TC LID: CAC8) is a seaplane base (SPB) serving the city of Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Nanaimo Harbour, right downtown.

It is registered as an aerodrome, formerly classified as an airport, and an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers.

Transport Canada
Transport Canada (TC; French: Transports Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for developing regulations, policies and services for road, rail, marine and air transportation in Canada. The current minister of transport is Steven MacKinnon. Transport Canada is headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario.
High Hill (Florida)
High Hill, at 323 feet (98.5 m) above sea level, is considered to be the third highest elevation in the state of Florida, USA. It is close to Oak Hill (331 ft), the state's second highest point.

High Hill is located three miles (5 km) north of Wausau, and four miles (6 km) east of Vernon. High Hill, Oak Hill, and the 250-foot-high (76 m) peak of Sand Mountain are located in Washington County.

The easiest way to get there is by car via Washington County Road 278.

30°43′53″N 85°29′07″W﻿ / ﻿30.73139°N 85.48528°W﻿ / 30.73139; -85.48528

Wausau, Florida
Wausau is a town in Washington County, Florida, United States. The Town of Wausau is part of the Florida Panhandle in North Florida. The population was 371 at the 2020 census, down from 383 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Tilman Spengler
Tilman Spengler (born 1947) is a German sinologist, writer, and journalist. The author of more than a dozen books, including Lenin's Brain (1993), he has received several literary prizes throughout his career, including:

1999 Mainzer Stadtschreiber

2003 Ernst-Hoferichter-Preis

2008 Literaturpreis der Stadt München

He is the great-nephew of German philosopher Oswald Spengler and the second husband of actress Daphne Wagner, great-grandson of German composer Richard Wagner.

Mainzer Stadtschreiber
The Mainzer Stadtschreiber (City clerk in Mainz) is an annual German literature award. It is awarded by ZDF, 3sat and the city of Mainz and was founded in 1984. The award is endowed with €12,500. Additionally the laureate receives the right to live in the town clerk's domicile in the Gutenberg Museum in Mainz for one year. Together with ZDF, the recipient is able to produce a documentary based on a free choice of topic.
Mumuye language
Mumuye is by far the most populous of the Adamawa languages. It is spoken in northeastern Nigeria. It is classified in the Leko–Nimbari branch of Savanna languages, as Adamawa is no longer considered a valid family. According to Ethnologue, there are multiple dialects: Zinna, Rang (Lamma), Dong, Yoro, Lankaviri, Gola (Bajama), Gongla, Kasaa, Saawa, Jalingo, Nyaaja, Jeng, Gnoore, Yaa, Sagbee, Shaari, Kugong, Mang, Kwaji, Meeka, Yakoko.

Jalingo
8°54′N 11°22′E﻿ / ﻿8.900°N 11.367°E﻿ / 8.900; 11.367
JalingoListenⓘ  is the capital city of Taraba State in north-eastern Nigeria, named in fulfulde (the word Jalingo means "superior place") and has been estimated with population of 418,000 as of 2018, The city has received the highest number of immigrants mainly from, Kano, Borno, Gombe and the neighboring Cameroon. As of November, 2022 the city is estimated to have around 581,000 people.
There are 10 Wards in Jalingo local government area namely: Abbare Yelwa, Barade,  Kachalla Sembe, Kona, Majidadi, Mayo Goi,  Sarkin Dawaki, Sintali, Turaki ‘A’, Turaki ‘B’
Dziadowe Kąty
Dziadowe Kąty [d͡ʑaˈdɔvɛ ˈkɔntɨ] is a part of village Grywałd in the administrative district of Gmina Krościenko nad Dunajcem, within Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Krościenko nad Dunajcem, 27 km (17 mi) east of Nowy Targ, and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

Nowy Targ
Nowy Targ [ˈnɔvɨ ˈtark] (Officially: Royal Free city of Nowy Targ, Yiddish: Naymark, Goral dialect: Nowy Torg [ˈnuɔvɨ 'tɔrg]) is a town in southern Poland, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is located in the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin at the foot of the Gorce Mountains, at the confluence of the Czarny Dunajec and the Biały Dunajec. It is the seat of the Nowy Targ County and the rural Gmina Nowy Targ, as well as the Tatra Euroregion.

With 33,293 inhabitants, Nowy Targ is the largest town and the historic capital of Podhale, as well as its main commercial, communication and industrial center.

The town has the Podhale State Vocational University and the highest located airport in Poland.

Established before 1233, Nowy Targ received city rights on 22 June 1346 from King Casimir the Great. The historic architectural and urban complex of the town with a medieval market square has been preserved to this day.
Hentriacontane
Hentriacontane, also called untriacontane, is a solid, long-chain alkane hydrocarbon with the structural formula CH3(CH2)29CH3. It is the main component of paraffin wax.

It is found in a variety of plants, including peas (Pisum sativum), Acacia senegal, Gymnema sylvestre and others, and also comprises about 8–9% of beeswax. It has 10,660,307,791 constitutional isomers.

Gymnema sylvestre
Gymnema sylvestre is a perennial woody vine native to Asia (including the Arabian Peninsula), Africa and Australia. It has been used in Ayurvedic medicine. Common names include gymnema, Australian cowplant, and Periploca of the woods, and the Hindi term gurmar, which means "sugar destroyer"

The leaves and extracts contain gymnemic acids, the major bioactive constituents that interact with taste receptors on the tongue to temporarily suppress the taste of sweetness.
Enos v. Snyder
Enos v. Snyder, 63 P. 170 (Cal. 1900), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of California holding that a will could not serve to transfer a testator's dead body away from the next of kin, and that the next of kin's right to custody of a dead body defeats any right of the executor. The holding was at least partly superseded by statute in 1947, permitting testators to dispose of their remains via will for certain purposes.

Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts.  Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
Geeumbi
Geeumbi is a heritage-listed villa at 1 South Street, Rangeville, Toowoomba, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Thomas Arthur Price for his own residence and built from 1914 to 1918 by Ernest Pottinger. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside.
Charles Tempest-Hicks
Charles Edward Henry Tempest-Hicks MC (18 May 1888 – 9 August 1918) was a British Army officer in the 16th The Queen's Lancers.

Tempest-Hicks was the son of Brigadier-General Henry Tempest Hicks of Monken Hadley who served with distinction in the South African War. Charles Tempest-Hicks died in action at Warvillers during the First World War and is buried at the Longueau British Cemetery in Somme. A memorial to him by William Hamo Thornycroft exists inside St Mary's church, Monken Hadley. He was mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Military Cross and French Croix de Guerre.

He was educated at Ludgrove School and then Harrow School and Sandhurst, the latter for whom he played cricket.

16th The Queen's Lancers
The 16th The Queen's Lancers was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, first raised in 1759. It saw service for two centuries, before being amalgamated with the 5th Royal Irish Lancers to form the 16th/5th Lancers in 1922.
Soejima
Soejima (written: 副島) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hiroshi Soejima (副島 博志, born 1959), Japanese footballer and manager

Kameli Soejima (born 1983), Fijian-born Japanese rugby union player

Masazumi Soejima (副島 正純, born 1970), Japanese Paralympic wheelchair racer

Shigenori Soejima (副島 成記, born 1974), Japanese character designer

Soejima Taneomi (副島 種臣, 1828–1905), Japanese diplomat and statesman

Shigenori Soejima
Shigenori Soejima (副島 成記, Soejima Shigenori; born February 24, 1974) is a Japanese character artist best known for his work in the Persona series of role-playing video games by Atlus. He initially worked in minor roles on several games after joining Atlus and took over as series art director from his mentor Kazuma Kaneko with Persona 3 in 2006.
HMS Lennox
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Lennox, probably after the historic Scottish region of Lennox, and its associated Duchy and Earldom:

HMS Lennox (1914) was a Laforey-class destroyer, laid down as HMS Portia, but renamed HMS Lennox in 1913, before being launched in 1914.  She was sold in 1921.

HMS Lennox (J276) was an Algerine-class minesweeper. She was ordered in 1939, but the order was cancelled and transferred to another shipyard. Lennox was eventually launched in 1943, and was broken up in 1961.

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.
Prabartak Sangha
Prabartak Sangha (Bengali: প্রবর্ত্তক সংঘ) is a charitable institution known for its social work. It was founded in 1920 by Motilal Roy, a revolutionary, who was inspired and initiated in the spiritual path by Sri Aurobindo. Based in Chandernagore, the Prabartak Sangha in its heyday had branches in the districts of Howrah, undivided 24 Parganas and Chittagong.

Howrah
Howrah (/ˈhaʊrə/; Bengali: [ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, opposite to its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively Howrah lies within Howrah district and is the headquarters of the Howrah Sadar subdivision. It is also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Howrah is an important industrial and transportation hub, and is also a gateway to Kolkata via Howrah railway station and Howrah Bridge.
Qarkhun, Qazvin
Qarkhun (Persian: قارخون, also Romanized as Qārkhūn, Karkhān, and Kar-Khun) is a village in Chuqur Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 24 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.