hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Township (South Africa)
In South Africa, the terms township and location usually refer to an under-developed, racially segregated urban area, from the late 19th century until the end of apartheid, which were reserved for non-whites, namely Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians. Townships were usually built on the periphery of towns and cities. The term township also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, which carries no racial connotations.

Townships for non-whites were also called locations or lokasies in Afrikaans and are often still referred to as such in the smaller towns. The slang term "kasie / kasi", a popular short version of "lokasie" is also used. Townships sometimes have large informal settlements nearby.

Underdevelopment
Underdevelopment, in the context of international development, reflects a broad condition or phenomena defined and critiqued by theorists in fields such as economics, development studies, and postcolonial studies. Used primarily to distinguish states along benchmarks concerning human development—such as macro-economic growth, health, education, and standards of living—an "underdeveloped" state is framed as the antithesis of a "developed", modern, or industrialized state. Popularized, dominant images of underdeveloped states include those that have less stable economies, less democratic political regimes, greater poverty, malnutrition, and poorer public health and education systems.

Underdevelopment per Walter Rodney is primarily made of two components, a comparative aspect as well the relationship of exploitation: namely, the exploitation of one country by another.
Candie's
Candie's is an American women's clothing brand launched in 1978. Originally a shoe brand, it has increased its range of products, currently commercializing T-shirts, blouses, dresses, jackets, pants, lingerie, sweaters, etc.

Sweater
A sweater (North American English) or pullover, also called a jersey or jumper (British English, Hiberno-English and Australian English), is a piece of clothing, typically with long sleeves, made of knitted or crocheted material that covers the upper part of the body. When sleeveless, the garment is often called a slipover,  tank top, or sweater vest.

Sweaters are worn by adults and children, often over a shirt, blouse, T-shirt, or another top, but sometimes next to the skin. Sweaters were traditionally made from wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination of these. There are also seasonal sweaters, including the familiar holiday-themed Christmas sweater.
Finger Wharf
The Finger Wharf is a heritage-listed former wharf and passenger terminal and now marina, residential apartments, hotel and restaurant located at 6 Cowper Wharf Road, in the inner city Sydney suburb of Woolloomooloo, Australia. It was designed by Henry Walsh and built from 1910 to 1915 by the Sydney Harbour Trust. It is also known as Woolloomooloo Finger Wharf and Woolloomooloo Wharf. The property is owned by Transport for NSW. The structure is the longest timbered-piled wharf in the world.

During its working life for around 70 years, it mainly handled the export of wool, but also acted as a staging point for troop deployment to the World Wars as well as a disembarking point for new migrants arriving in Australia. In the 1990s it was redeveloped as a fashionable complex housing a hotel, restaurants and residential apartments.

World war
A world war is an international conflict that involves most or all of the world's major powers. Conventionally, the term is reserved for the two major international conflicts that occurred during the first half of the 20th century: World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Some historians have also characterized other global conflicts as world wars, such as the Cold War and the War on terror.
Mariblemma
Mariblemma is a monotypic genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae found on the Seychelles. It contains the single species, Mariblemma pandani, first described by Paolo Brignoli in 1978 and placed into Paculla. Pekka T. Lehtinen transferred it to Mariblemma in 1981, disagreeing with Brignoli's original placement.

Paculla
Paculla is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Pacullidae that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1887. Originally placed with the Tetrablemmidae, it was transferred to the Pacullidae after a 2017 genetic study.
Gad Gasatura
Gad Gasatura is a Ugandan airline transport pilot, transport management expert and former politician, who served as the Chairperson of Uganda National Airlines Company, Uganda's national flag carrier, in 2018 and 2019. Since February 2023, he is the chairman of Uganda Air Cargo Corporation, a cargo and charter airline owned by the Government of Uganda and administered by the Uganda Ministry of Defence.

Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda)
The Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) is a government ministry responsible for the national defence and security of Uganda. In this capacity, its role is to preserve, defend and protect the people, property, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, contributing to regional stability and supporting international peace initiatives.
Hello Sanctos
Hello Sanctos (born Sanctos Van Het Gravenhof the 2002/05/13) is a  bay gelding. He is listed in stud-book sBs and ridden in show jumping. From 2014 to 2015, he was the best show jumping horse in the world. His rider was Scott Brash. He is the only horse in the world to complete a Grand Slam of Show Jumping. He stopped due to an injury in December 2015. The horse returned in February 2017.

He was born on 2002-05-13 at Willy Taets stud, Lembeke, Belgium, and named Sanctos van het Gravenhof. Peter Wylde was the first to ride him. After a year, Sanctos was exported to Ukraine for Katharina Offel. Hello Sanctos was noticed by Lord Kirkham and Lord Harris who bought him for Scott Brash, for the London Olympic games in 2012.

Kaprijke
Kaprijke (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɑprɛikə]) is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Kaprijke proper and Lembeke. In  2021, Kaprijke had a total population of 6,508.
Wendy Newman
Wendy Newman (born 1967) is an American relationship expert, professional workshop leader, and author. Her relationship advice, often with other experts in the field, has been published in the Wall Street Journal, U.S. News & World Report, Salon magazine, Yahoo! Health, and Bustle magazine. Newman leads a variety of self-improvement workshops; her guidance is based upon her research which started in 2002 and continues today. Her freshman novel, 121 First Dates, details her personal experiences with dates, dating websites and ultimately finding her life partner.

Bustle (magazine)
Bustle is an online American women's magazine founded in August 2013 by Bryan Goldberg. It positions news and politics alongside articles about beauty, celebrities, and fashion trends. By September 2016, the website had 50 million monthly readers.
Ildefonso Dell'Olmo
Ildefonso Dell'Olmo (1956/1957 – 1 May 2024) was a Spanish politician and bullfighting arena president of the Plaza de toros de La Malagueta in Málaga from 2009 until 2019. He served in the Parliament of Andalusia for four legislatures from 1990 to 1994 and again from 1996 until 2008 as a member of the Andalusian Party (PA).

Parliament of Andalusia
The Parliament of Andalusia (Spanish: Parlamento de Andalucía) is the legislature of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia instituted by the Andalusian Charter of Autonomy of 1981. It is elected by the residents of Andalusia every four years.
Floria Sigismondi
Floria Sigismondi (/ˌsɪdʒɪzˈmɒndi/, born 1965) is an Italian-Canadian film director, screenwriter, music video director, artist, and photographer.

She is best known for writing and directing The Runaways, for directing music videos for performers including Dua Lipa, Sam Smith, Jimmy Page and Robert Plant (of Led Zeppelin fame), Marilyn Manson, Christina Aguilera, Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Leonard Cohen, Katy Perry, Björk, The White Stripes, and David Bowie, and commercials for brands such as Gucci, MAC, Target, and Nike. Sigismondi has also directed television including two episodes of The Handmaid's Tale and American Gods.

MAC Cosmetics
MAC Cosmetics is a Canadian cosmetics manufacturer founded in Toronto in 1984 by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo. The company has been headquartered in New York City since becoming a subsidiary of Estée Lauder Companies in 1998. MAC is an acronym for Make-Up Art Cosmetics.

It is named one of the top three global makeup brands, with an annual turnover of over $1 billion, and 500 independent stores, with over thirty stores in France. All stores are run by professional makeup artists. MAC is an official makeup brand, used to create makeup for movie actors. The most popular products by the brand are Studio Fix Fluid and Ruby Woo Lipstick.
Bhagyaraj
Bhagyaraj is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

K. Bhagyaraj (born 1953), Indian film director

Poornima Bhagyaraj, Indian actress

Praveena Bhagyaraj (died 1983), Indian actress

Shanthanu Bhagyaraj (born 1986), Indian actor

K. Bhagyaraj
Krishnaswamy Bhagyaraj (born 7 January 1953) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, actor, composer, film producer and politician active mainly in Tamil films. He has also written and directed Hindi remakes of his Tamil films and TV serials. As an actor, he has worked in more than 75 films and has directed more than 25 films.  He won a Filmfare Best Actor Award for Mundhanai Mudichu (1983). He received Lifetime Achievement Award in SIIMA (2014). He is the editor of weekly magazine Bhagya and has also written several novels.
Balerno Community High School
Balerno High School is a six-year secondary school located in Balerno, a suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland. The school stands on the banks of the Water of Leith, and serves children from Balerno, Kirknewton and Ratho, and also hosts pupils from a variety of areas outside the catchment area such as Currie, East Calder, Mid Calder, Edinburgh and Livingston. It also is the Heart Of Midlothian FC academy school.

Water of Leith
The Water of Leith (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Lìte) is a river in Edinburgh, Scotland. It rises in the Pentland Hills before flowing through the centre of the city and emptying into the Firth of Forth at the port of Leith.
James Tenney
James Tenney (August 10, 1934 – August 24, 2006) was an American composer, music theorist, and pianist. He made significant early musical contributions to plunderphonics, sound synthesis, algorithmic composition, process music, spectral music, and microtonal tuning systems including extended just intonation. His theoretical writings variously concern musical form, texture, timbre, consonance and dissonance, and harmonic perception.

Consonance and dissonance
In music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds. Within the Western tradition, some listeners associate consonance with sweetness, pleasantness, and acceptability, and dissonance with harshness, unpleasantness, or unacceptability, although there is broad acknowledgement that this depends also on familiarity and musical expertise. The terms form a structural dichotomy in which they define each other by mutual exclusion: a consonance is what is not dissonant, and a dissonance is what is not consonant. However, a finer consideration shows that the distinction forms a gradation, from the most consonant to the most dissonant. In casual discourse, as German composer and music theorist Paul Hindemith stressed,

"The two concepts have never been completely explained, and for a thousand years the definitions have varied".

The term sonance has been proposed to encompass or refer indistinctly to the terms consonance and dissonance.
Olav Jenssen
Olav Jenssen (born 11 May 1962) is a Norwegian discus thrower.

He was born in Vinje. He finished eleventh at 1981 European Junior Championships and competed at the 1986 European Championships, the 1992 Summer Olympics, the 1995 World Championships, the 1997 World Championships and the 1998 European Championships without reaching the final. He was Norwegian champion in 1987, 1997 and 1998, representing the club IF Urædd except for some seasons in SK Vidar in the mid-1990s.

Jenssen was an NCAA champion thrower for the UTEP Miners track and field team, winning the discus at the 1986 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships. He threw the discus and shot put but focused on the discus at the expense of his shot put marks.

Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw
The final of the men's discus throw event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain was held on August 5, 1992. There were 32 participating athletes from 24 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The top 12 and ties, and all those reaching 63.00 metres advanced to the final. The event was won by Romas Ubartas of Lithuania, a victory for the nation in its debut appearance in the men's discus throw. Jürgen Schult took silver, the first medal for unified Germany. Roberto Moya earned Cuba's first men's discus throw medal since 1980 with his bronze. Ubartas and Schult became the 11th and 12th men to win multiple discus throw medals; they had both represented different nations (the Soviet Union and East Germany, respectively, in 1988 and had finished one-two then as well, though in the opposite order.
Bat bomb
Bat bombs were an experimental World War II weapon developed by the United States. The bomb consisted of a bomb-shaped casing with over a thousand compartments, each containing a hibernating Mexican free-tailed bat with a small, timed incendiary bomb attached. Dropped from a bomber at dawn, the casings would deploy a parachute in mid-flight and open to release the bats, which would then disperse and roost in eaves and attics in a 20–40-mile radius (32–64 km). The incendiaries, which were set on timers, would then ignite and start fires in inaccessible places in the largely wood and paper constructions of the Japanese cities that were the weapon's intended target. The United States Navy took control in August 1943, using the code name Project X-Ray.

Dawn
Dawn is the time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the appearance of indirect sunlight being scattered in Earth's atmosphere, when the centre of the Sun's disc has reached 18° below the observer's horizon. This morning twilight period will last until sunrise (when the Sun's upper limb breaks the horizon), when direct sunlight outshines the diffused light.
Rok Golob
Rok Golob is a Slovenian composer, producer, conductor and multi-instrumentalist.

He has worked on over 60 CD projects, as well as for film, TV and radio. His very diverse styles of music include works for full symphony orchestra, choir, big-band, rock-pop-jazz bands/soloists and even concert bands.
For various projects, he’s received 6 Golden Music Awards and 7 other awards from different countries. He’s worked with names like Gino Vannelli, Sting, Bjork, Bobby McFerrin, Elmer Bernstein, Martika, José Carreras, Vinnie Colaiuta, Luis Conte, Bendik Hofseth, Jimmy Haslip, Katia Moraes… Slovenian artists: Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra, RTV Symphony Orchestra, Katrinas, Darja Švajger, Magnifico, Dan D, Neisha, Siddharta, Oto Pestner…

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Abra (boat)
An abra (Arabic: عبرة abra) is a traditional boat made of wood.

Abras are used to ferry people across the Dubai Creek in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. They travel between the water station at Shindagha/Al Ghubaiba on the Bur Dubai side, and the water station at Al Sabkha on the Deira side. The abras depart every few minutes. The fare is 1 dirham, which is paid to the ferry driver.

Al Shindagha
Al Shindagha (Arabic: الشندغة), sometimes spelled Al Shindagah or Al Shindaga, is a neighbourhood in the traditional centre of the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. It has undergone major restoration works, to revive the historic area and its buildings.

From 1912 to 1958, the then ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum, lived in the area. His reconstructed residence in Al Shindagha is now open to the public as a museum. It is bordered by the locality of Bur Dubai in the south, and by Port Rashid on the west.  The Dubai Creek runs along the district's western periphery.

The Al Shindagha Tunnel serves as the northernmost connector between the localities of Bur Dubai and Deira.
Udinotti Museum of Figurative Art
The Udinotti Museum of Figurative Art is a non-profit 501(c)3 museum located in Paradise Valley, Arizona.  The museum was founded by sculptor, painter, printmaker, poet, and gallery owner Agnese Udinotti in 2007.  The collection focuses on figurative art from 1500 BCE (Ancient Egyptian)  to the present. 'The primary goal of the museum is to educate the public about the historical evolution and importance of figurative art."  The museum is not open to the public for tours.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Xenocyprididae
Xenocyprididae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, commonly called the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. They have a natural distribution in Asia. This taxon, sometimes spelt Xenocypridae, was previously regarded to be a subfamily, Xenocyprinae, of the family Cyprinidae. Cyprinidae sensu lato is now divided into a number of smaller families within the suborder Cyprinoidei, in the order Cypriniformes.

Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene, and followed by the Late Miocene.

The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age.
Park Ridge, Illinois
Park Ridge is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and a northwestern suburb of the Chicago metropolitan area. It is located 15 miles (24 km) north of downtown Chicago. It is close to Chicago O'Hare International Airport, major expressways, and rail transportation. It borders three community areas of Chicago in its Far Northwest Side: Edison Park, Norwood Park, and O'Hare.

The soil is abundant with clay deposits, which made it a brick-making center for the developing city of Chicago. Park Ridge was originally called Pennyville to honor George Penny, the businessman who owned the local brickyard along with Robert Meacham. Later it was named Brickton. The Des Plaines River divides Park Ridge from neighboring Des Plaines, which is west of Park Ridge. Chicago is south and east of Park Ridge, and Niles and unincorporated Maine Township are to its north.

Per the 2020 census, the population of Park Ridge was 39,656.

Norwood Park, Chicago
Norwood Park is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It encompasses the smaller neighborhoods of Big Oaks, Norwood Park East, Norwood Park West, Old Norwood Park, Oriole Park, and Union Ridge.

The community area contains the oldest extant building in Chicago, the Noble–Seymour–Crippen House, built in 1833 and greatly expanded in 1868. Organized in 1873 as a township from the adjacent townships of Jefferson, Leyden, Niles, and Maine, and named after Henry Ward Beecher's 1868 novel Norwood, or Village Life in New England (With the "Park" added to account for another post office in Illinois with the Norwood name), Norwood Park was incorporated as a village in 1874 and annexed to Chicago on November 7, 1893.

Every Memorial Day since 1922 there has been a parade that runs through Norwood Park. William Howard Taft High School, best known as the inspiration for the musical Grease, was completed in 1939 with major additions made in 1959 and 1974.
Pat Holmes (Gaelic footballer)
Pat Holmes is an Irish former Gaelic football manager and player.

He won a North Mayo Junior Championship in 1986 with Moygownagh. Work commitments caused him to join Castlebar for four years in the early ‘90s where he won Mayo and Connacht club championship medals in 1993.

He was very much involved in Mayo's All-Ireland runs in 1996 and 1997 and is the holder of six Connacht Senior Medals, a Connacht U21 Medal and a Hogan Cup Medal.

He was captain in 1994 when Mayo lost to Leitrim in the Connacht Final and is a former pupil of St Jarlath's College in Tuam, with whom he won an All-Ireland medal in 1984. He also earned an All Star in 1996.

Connacht Senior Football Championship
The Connacht Senior Football Championship, known simply as the Connacht Championship and shortened to Connacht SFC, is an annual Gaelic football competition for the senior county teams of Connacht GAA. All of the county teams of Connacht participate in the championship, as well as London and New York. The winning team receives the Nestor Cup.

The Connacht SFC is run on a knock-out basis through which teams are eliminated from the competition. A series of games are played during the summer months and the final is played in June or July. The winner and runner-up progresses directly to the All-Ireland SFC Group Stage. Before 2020, all losing teams progressed to the All-Ireland SFC Qualifiers, while, prior to 2001, the All-Ireland SFC was a straight knock-out format, which meant all losing teams were eliminated after a single defeat.

Galway are the four-time title holder, having defeated Mayo by 1-17 to 1–15 in the 2025 final
Birgit Wagner
Birgit Wagner, married Birgit Peter (born 21 January 1969) is a German handball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1992 Summer Olympics. She was also on the German team that won gold medals at the 1993 World Women's Handball Championship.

1993 World Women's Handball Championship
The 1993 World Women's Handball Championship was the 11th World Championship in women's handball took place in Norway from 24 November to 5 December 1993 and was played between 16 nations. In the final it would be Germany would take home their first title as a unified nation as they defeated Denmark in extra-time 22–21.

Despite finishing 2nd, the World Championship marked the beginning of the Danish Golden generation known as the 'Iron Ladies'.