hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day
MANual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day, 370 U.S. 478 (1962), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that magazines consisting largely of photographs of nude or near-nude male models are not considered "obscene" within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 1461, which prohibits the mailing of obscene material. It was the first case in which the Court engaged in plenary review of a Post Office Department order holding obscene matter "nonmailable".

The case is notable for its ruling that photographs of nude men are not obscene, an implication which opened the U.S. mail to nude male pornographic magazines, especially those catering to gay men.

Obscenity
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time. It is derived from the Latin obscēnus, obscaenus, "boding ill; disgusting; indecent", of uncertain etymology. Generally, the term can be used to indicate strong moral repugnance and outrage in expressions such as "obscene profits" and "the obscenity of war". As a legal term, it usually refers to descriptions and depictions of people engaged in sexual and excretory activity.
William Swank
William George Swank, Jr., more personally known as Bill Swank authored or co-authored of ten books and numerous articles primarily about baseball. The San Diego Historical Society identifies him as "San Diego's preeminent baseball historian."

San Diego Hall of Champions
The San Diego Hall of Champions was an American multi-sport museum in San Diego, California, until its closure in June 2017. It housed the Breitbard Hall of Fame, San Diego's sports hall of fame, which is now located at Petco Park.
Teesha Nigam
Teesha Nigam (born 21 December 1991) is an Indian playback singer and the sister of famed Bollywood playback singer Sonu Nigam.

Teesha achieved limelight with the song 'Dheera Dheera' from Magadheera, for which she won the Best Debutant Female Singer at Mirchi Awards and the Best Female Playback Singer Awards at the CineMaa Awards. She has sung in numerous Telugu movies including Super, Bujjigadu, Saleem, Sree, Political Rowdy, Gunde Jhallumandi, and Shirdi Sai.She has also sung for multiple Bollywood Films such as Singh Saab The Great, ShortKut and Wanted.

Gunde Jhallumandi
Gunde Jhallumandi (transl. Heart trembled) is 2008 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by Madan. It stars Uday Kiran and Aditi Sharma. The music is composed by M. M. Keeravani and the lyrics are penned by Siva Sakti Dutta and Chaitanya Prasad.
Snowboarding at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's halfpipe
The women's halfpipe competition in snowboarding at the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on 11 February (qualification) and 12 February (final), at the Livigno Snow Park in Valtellina. Choi Ga-on of South Korea won the event, the first gold medal for her. Chloe Kim of the United States won the silver medal and Mitsuki Ono of Japan won the bronze.

Livigno
Livigno (Italian: [liˈviɲɲo]; local Lombard: Livígn [liˈʋiɲ]; German: Luwin) is a town, comune and a special-administered territory in the province of Sondrio, in the region of Lombardy, Italy, located in the Italian Alps, near the Swiss border.
Radiation damage
Radiation damage is the effect of ionising radiation on physical objects including non-living structural materials. It can be either detrimental or beneficial for materials.

Radiobiology is the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things, including the health effects of radiation in humans. High doses of ionizing radiation can cause damage to living tissue such as radiation burning and harmful mutations such as causing cells to become cancerous, and can lead to health problems such as radiation poisoning.

Ozone cracking
Cracks can be formed in many different elastomers by ozone attack, and the characteristic form of attack of vulnerable rubbers is known as ozone cracking. The problem was formerly very common, especially in tires, but is now rarely seen in those products owing to preventive measures.

However, it does occur in many other safety-critical items such as fuel lines and rubber seals, such as gaskets and O-rings, where ozone attack is considered unlikely. Only a trace amount of the gas is needed to initiate cracking, and so these items can also succumb to the problem.
Casagrande
Casagrande is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Casagrande de Moura (born 1987), Brazilian footballer

Arthur Casagrande (1902–1981), Austrian-American civil engineer

Caroline Casagrande (born 1976), American politician

Dominique Casagrande (born 1971), French footballer

Eloy Casagrande (born 1991), Brazilian drummer

Francesco Casagrande (born 1970), Italian road racing cyclist

Jaime Casagrande (died 2013), Brazilian footballer

Joseph B. Casagrande (1915–1982), American anthropologist

June Casagrande (born 1966), American writer on grammar and usage

Marco Casagrande (born 1971), Finnish architect

Maurizio Casagrande (born 1961), Italian actor and director

Walter Casagrande (born 1963), Brazilian footballer

Arthur Casagrande
Arthur Casagrande (August 28, 1902 – September 6, 1981) was an American civil engineer born in Austria-Hungary who made important contributions to the fields of engineering geology and geotechnical engineering during its infancy. Renowned for his ingenious designs of soil testing apparatus and fundamental research on seepage and soil liquefaction, he is also credited for developing the soil mechanics teaching programme at Harvard University during the early 1930s that has since been modelled in many universities around the world.
Clap (film)
Clap is a 2022 Indian sports drama film directed by debutant Prithivi Adithya. It is shot simultaneously in Tamil and Telugu languages. The film stars Aadhi Pinisetty and Aakanksha Singh with a supporting cast including Nassar, Prakash Raj, Krisha Kurup, Brahmaji, Mime Gopi and Munishkanth. The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with cinematography handled by Praveen Kumar and editing done by Ragul. The film was released via OTT platform SonyLIV on 11 March 2022.

SonyLIV
Sony LIV is an Indian subscription video-on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Culver Max Entertainment. Sony LIV was introduced in 2013 as the first OTT service in India. As a streaming service, it provides live sports, original titles, other content titles from its own networks and content titles in India licensed from third-parties such as JioHotstar, Netflix among others. The Sony LIV content library includes films, TV shows and series, and sports.
Karl Ludwig Giesecke
Carl Ludwig Giesecke FRSE (6 April 1761 in Augsburg – 5 March 1833 in Dublin) was a German actor, librettist, polar explorer and mineralogist. In his youth he was called Johann Georg Metzler; in his later career in Ireland he was Sir Charles Lewis Giesecke.  Late in his life he claimed to friends to have been, in his youth, the librettist of Mozart’s famous opera The Magic Flute.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Joslin's Canadian Open
The Joslin's Canadian Open is the largest grappling tournament in Canada. The Canadian Open has been run as an annual event and drew over 700 competitors in 2007. The 2008 event was reported to have close to 1000 competitors. The 2008 Joslin's open tournament featured eight rings, five of them being in the main gym and two of them in the smaller gym with one left in the school's auditorium. In 2009 the grappling portion of the tournament was expanded to 2 days and 142 divisions, the karate portion was moved to its own weekend.

After starting the tournament with just karate in 1976, the new popularity of kick boxing nearly did it in. A decade after that first event, Rick Joslin shut things down, until 1996 when he restarted.

The event is hosted by Rick and Jeff Joslin.

Auditorium
An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theaters, the number of auditoriums is expressed as the number of screens.  Auditoriums can be found in entertainment venues, community halls, and theaters, and may be used for rehearsal, presentation, performing arts productions, public speeches or as a learning space.
Campodea delamarei
Campodea delamarei is a species of two-pronged bristletail in the family Campodeidae. Delamarei is not the only species of this kind, the best known species is staphylinus because it has a wide distribution across much of Europe.

Campodeidae
The Campodeidae are a family of hexapods belonging to the order Diplura. These pale, eyeless hexapods, the largest of which grow to around 12 mm in length, can be recognised by the two long, many-segmented cerci at the end of the abdomen. Abdominal spiracles are absent.

There are at least 30 genera and 280 described species in Campodeidae.
Ernie Francis Jr.
Ernie Francis Jr. (born January 23, 1998) is an American sports car racing and stock car racing driver who last competed in the Lamborginhi Super Trofeo He previously ran full time in the Trans-Am Series, running the 98 car for Breathless Racing, where he is a seven-time champion. In 2021, he competed in the Formula Regional Americas Championship running the 98 car for Future Star Racing, and in the inaugural Superstar Racing Experience, driving the No. 2 car. He became the youngest winner in the SRX series when he won at Lucas Oil Raceway. He secured 2nd place in the SRX championship. When he is not racing, he works at the family race shop - Breathless Racing Team - run by his father (Ernie Francis Sr.) and stepmother (Monica Zima Francis) in Davie, FL. He has also competed part-time in NASCAR in the past in both the Xfinity Series and the East Series.

Formula Regional Americas Championship
The Formula Regional Americas Championship powered by Honda (formerly the F3 Americas Championship powered by Honda) is an FIA Formula Regional racing series that competes in the United States and Canada, with plans in the future to race in Mexico. The championship is sanctioned by SCCA Pro Racing, the professional racing division of the Sports Car Club of America, in conjunction with the Automobile Competition Committee for the United States, the United States representative to the FIA. The F3 Americas Championship updated its name to Formula Regional Americas Championship Powered by Honda in 2020.
Alice Day Pratt
Alice Day Pratt was a teacher and author who at age 40 joined the last wave of government-sponsored homesteading in the U.S. state of Oregon. Pratt, who was single, established a dryland farm and ranch near Post, about 60 miles (97 km) east of Bend. The 160-acre (65 ha) parcel of land became hers through provisions of the Enlarged Homestead Act of 1909. Living on her ranch, Broadview, from 1912 through 1930, she kept dogs, cats, horses, chickens, and cows and sometimes produced enough surplus to sell alfalfa, hay, grain, milk, eggs, and vegetables. To supplement her income, she taught school in Post, Prineville, and Conant Basin.

Prineville, Oregon
Prineville is a city in and the county seat of Crook County, Oregon, United States. It was named for the first merchant to establish businesses in the present location, Barney Prine. The population was 10,429 at the 2020 census.
Zhongdong, Guangxi
Zhongdong (simplified Chinese: 中东镇; traditional Chinese: 中東鎮; pinyin: Zhōngdōng Zhèn; Zhuang: Cunghdungh Cin) is a town under the administration of Fusui County in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. As of 2011, it had an area of 422 square kilometres (163 sq mi) populated by 38,000 people residing in 1 residential communities (社区) and 14 villages.

Standard Zhuang
Standard Zhuang (autonym: Vahcuengh, Zhuang pronunciation: [βa˧ɕuːŋ˧]; pre-1982 autonym: Vaƅcueŋƅ; Sawndip: 話壯; simplified Chinese: 壮语; traditional Chinese: 壯語; pinyin: Zhuàngyǔ) is the official standardized form of the Zhuang languages, which are a branch of the Northern Tai languages. Its pronunciation is based on that of the Yongbei Zhuang dialect of Shuangqiao Town in Wuming District, Guangxi with some influence from Fuliang, also in Wuming District, while its vocabulary is based mainly on northern dialects. The official standard covers both spoken and written Zhuang. It is the national standard of the Zhuang languages, though in Yunnan a local standard is used.
ProgPower
ProgPower is the name of four progressive and power metal festivals:

ProgPower Europe (formerly called ProgPower), held in the Netherlands since 1999

ProgPower USA, held in the United States since 2001

ProgPower UK, held in the United Kingdom in 2006 and 2007

ProgPower Scandinavia, held in Denmark in 2007 and 2008

ProgPower UK
ProgPower UK is a progressive and power metal festival held annually in the United Kingdom since 2006. Its latest edition, which would have taken place in the Anson Rooms at the University of Bristol on 28 March – 29 March 2008, headlined by Evergrey and Vanden Plas, was cancelled due to financial difficulties.
Buddhist literature
Buddhist literature is the body of written texts produced within Buddhists communities that convey Buddhist teachings, philosophy, moral guidance, and culture. It includes canonical scriptures, philosophical treatises, commentaries, devotional poetry, narrative works, meditation manuals, historical chronicles, biographies of monks and nuns, and modern spiritual literature. Buddhist literature has evolved over more than 2,500 years and has been composed in multiple languages including Pāli, Sanskrit, Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese, Burmese, Thai, Sinhala, Mongolian, and modern vernaculars.

Buddhaghosa
Buddhaghosa was a 5th-century Sinhalese Theravādin Buddhist commentator, translator, and philosopher. He worked in the great monastery (mahāvihāra) at Anurādhapura, Sri Lanka and saw himself as being part of the Vibhajyavāda school and in the lineage of the Sinhalese mahāvihāra.

His best-known work is the Visuddhimagga ("Path of Purification"), a comprehensive summary of older Sinhala commentaries on the scriptural canon of the Theravāda school. According to Sarah Shaw, in Theravāda Buddhism this systematic work is "the principal text on the subject of meditation." The interpretations provided by Buddhaghosa have generally constituted the orthodox understanding of Theravādin scriptures since at least the 12th century CE.

Buddhaghosa is generally recognized by both Western scholars and Theravādin Buddhists as the most important philosopher and commentator of the Theravāda school.
Kosmos 2456
Kosmos 2456 (Russian: Космос 2456 meaning Cosmos 2456) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2009 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2457 and Kosmos 2458.

This satellite is a GLONASS-M satellite, also known as Uragan-M, and is numbered Uragan-M No. 730.

Kosmos 2456/7/8 were launched from Site 81/24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-M carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 10:38 UTC on 14 December 2009. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2009-070A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Numbers 36111.

It is in the first orbital plane of the GLONASS constellation, in orbital slot 1. It started operations on 30 January 2010.

International Designator
The International Designator is an international identifier assigned to artificial objects in space. It consists of the launch year, a three-digit incrementing launch number of that year and up to a three-letter code representing the sequential identifier of a piece in a launch. In TLE format the first two digits of the year and the dash are dropped.
For example, 1990-037A is the Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-31, which carried the Hubble Space Telescope (1990-037B) into space. This launch was the 37th known successful launch worldwide in 1990.
2013 FIBA Asia 3x3 Under-18 Championship
The 2013 FIBA Asia Under-18 3x3 Championship for Boys and Girls is the first edition of the FIBA Asia's 3x3 championship for boys and girls under the age of 18. The games were held at Bangkok, Thailand from 22 May to 24 May 2013. The Philippines and Taiwan clinched the inaugural FIBA Asia 3×3 Under-18 Championship for Boys and Girls, respectively.

3x3 basketball
3x3 basketball (stylized as ƐX3, pronounced three-ex-three) is a variation of basketball played three-a-side, with one backboard and in a half-court setup. This basketball game format is currently being promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's governing body. Its primary competition is an annual FIBA 3X3 World Tour, comprising a series of Masters and one Final tournament, and awarding six-figure prize money in US dollars. The FIBA 3x3 World Cups for men and women are the highest tournaments for national 3x3 teams. The 3x3 format has been adopted for both the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games.
Aspergillus affinis
Aspergillus affinis is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Circumdati section. The species was first described in 2011. It has been reported to produce ochratoxin A and penicillic acid.

Ochratoxin A
Ochratoxin A—a toxin produced by different Aspergillus and Penicillium species—is one of the most-abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins. It is also a frequent contaminant of water-damaged houses and of heating ducts. Human exposure can occur through consumption of contaminated food products, particularly contaminated grain and pork products, as well as coffee, wine grapes, and dried grapes. The toxin has been found in the tissues and organs of animals, including human blood and breast milk. Ochratoxin A, like most toxic substances, has large species- and sex-specific toxicological differences.
Laufen District
Laufen District or Laufental District (French: District de Laufon) is one of the five districts of the largely German-speaking canton of Basel-Country, Switzerland. Its capital is the town of Laufen.

Prior to 1994, it was a district of the canton of Bern, one of the seven historical districts of the Bernese Jura.  In 1979, three neighbouring French-speaking districts of Bern seceded to form the new canton of Jura. Laufen was left as an exclave of Bern, wedged between Jura, Solothurn, Basel-Country, and France. In 1989, the populace voted to secede from Bern and join Basel-Country. After a transitional period of preparation, this was effected in 1994.

It had a population of 20,524 (as of 30 June 2021).

Romandy
Romandy is the French-speaking historical and cultural region of Switzerland. In 2020, about 2 million people, or 22.8% of the Swiss population, lived in Romandy. The majority of the romand population lives in the western part of the country, especially the Arc Lémanique region along Lake Geneva, connecting Geneva, Vaud, and the Lower Valais.

French is the sole official language in four Swiss cantons: Geneva, Vaud, Neuchâtel, and Jura. Additionally, French and German have co-official status in three cantons: Fribourg/Freiburg, Valais/Wallis, and Berne/Bern.
Bakero
Bakero is a Spanish surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Itziar Bakero (born 1969), Spanish former footballer

Jon Bakero (born 1996), Spanish footballer

Jon Bakero (born 1971), Spanish retired footballer

José Mari Bakero (born 1963), Spanish retired footballer

Santiago Bakero (born 1958), Spanish retired footballer

Jon Bakero (footballer, born 1996)
Jon Bakero González (born 5 November 1996) is a Spanish footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Charlotte Independence in the USL League One. In 2017, Bakero won the MAC Hermann Trophy, an annual award given to the top college soccer player in the United States.
Ewelina Tobiasz
Ewelina Tobiasz (born (1994-02-06)6 February 1994) is a Polish volleyball player. She is part of the Poland women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, and in the 2016 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.

On club level she played for Budowlani Łódź

2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix was the 23rd edition of the annual women's international volleyball tournament played by 28 countries from 26 June to 2 August 2015. This was the first time that the Group 1 final round was held in Omaha, Nebraska, United States.
The Massacres of the Triumvirate
The Massacres of the Triumvirate is a 1566 oil on canvas painting by Antoine Caron, now in the Louvre Museum.

The only signed and dated work by Caron, it shows the Colosseum and other Roman monuments in the background and refers to the massacre of 300 opponents initiated by the Second Triumvirate in 43 BC and by extension to the massacres of Protestants in Caron's own time.

Antoine Caron
Antoine Caron (1521–1599) was a French master glassmaker, illustrator, Northern Mannerist painter and a product of the School of Fontainebleau.

He is one of the few French painters of his time who had a pronounced artistic personality. His work reflects the refined, although highly unstable, atmosphere at the court of the House of Valois during the French Wars of Religion of 1560 to 1598.
Treyaksh Bali
Treyaksh Bali (born 18 May 2000) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Haryana in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 30 September 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut for Haryana in the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 21 February 2019.

Haryana cricket team
The Haryana cricket team is a domestic cricket team run by the Haryana Cricket Association, representing the state of Haryana, India. The team participates in the Ranji Trophy, the top tier domestic first-class cricket tournament in India, as well as the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the top tier domestic List A tournament in India, and the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, a domestic T20 tournament in India. It has won the Ranji Trophy once and finished as runner-up once. It has also won the Irani Cup once. Famous Indian all-rounder Kapil Dev played for Haryana at the domestic level.
Diametral compression test
A diametral compression test involves applying a stress load or force to the point where a material object is split in half (down the diameter of the object). This test indirectly measures the tensile property of a material object, as the molecules of the material are pushed apart in opposite directions, similar to what happens to molecules in a direct tensile strength test.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or