hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte
The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte is an 1827 non-fiction work by the Scottish written Walter Scott. It is a detailed nine-volume biography of the former French Emperor Napoleon. Although it presented Napoleon's military victories as an example of his success, this was countered by strong criticism of his oppression both in France and in those nations he conquered.

Scott made his name as a poet, but is best known for his series of Romantic historical Waverley novels. Although he was established as writer of fiction, he turned his efforts to recent history After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 Napoleon was exiled to the island of Saint Helena, under the guard of the British Army. Following his death in 1821, public interest continued to grow.

Waverley novels
The Waverley novels are a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832). For nearly a century, they were among the most popular and widely read novels in Europe.

Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827, the series takes its name from Waverley, the first novel of the series, released in 1814. The later books bore the words "by the author of Waverley" on their title pages.

The Tales of My Landlord sub-series was not advertised as "by the author of Waverley" and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series.
Sauerbruch chamber
A Sauerbruch chamber, is a hermetically sealed chamber where surgical operations of the thorax are carried out, preventing complication by elevating or reducing air pressure. It was developed by the German surgeon Ferdinand Sauerbruch and first used in 1904.

In the Sauerbruch chamber the patient's head is elided, sticking out of the glass-chamber. The surgical team works inside the chamber that hermetically seals the body of the patient. To start the operation on the thorax a vacuum of 1/10 Bar is generated in the chamber, preventing the patient's lungs from collapsing upon opening the thorax.

Thorax
The thorax (pl.: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments.

The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain.
Sason District
Sason District is a district of the Batman Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Sason. Its area is 706 km2, and its population is 30,182 (2021). It was formerly part of the sanjak of Siirt, which was in Diyarbakır vilayet until 1880 and in Bitlis Vilayet in 1892. Later it became part of Muş sanjak in Bitlis vilayet, and remained part of Muş until 1927. It was one of the districts of Siirt province until 1993. The boundaries of the district varied considerably in time. The current borders are not the same as in the 19th century, when the district of Sasun was situated more to the north (mostly territory now included in the central district of Muş).

Bitlis vilayet
Bitlis Vilayet (Armenian: Բիթլիսի վիլայեթ Bit'lisi vilayet' , Ottoman Turkish: ولایت بتليس Vilâyet-i Bitlis) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. Before the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) it had been part of the Erzurum Vilayet, it was then made a separate vilayet by the Sublime Porte. It was one of the six Armenian vilayets of the Empire.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Bitlis Vilayet reportedly had an area of 11,522 square miles (29,840 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 388,625. The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.

Bitlis and Muş were formerly included in the Eyalet of Erzurum. In 1875, they were detached and made a separate vilayet. The sanjak of Siirt was joined to the vilayet of Bitlis from Diyarbekir Vilayet in 1883–84.
Veloporphyrellus
Veloporphyrellus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. Species are characterized by having a pinkish to pinkish-gray hymenophore, a membrane-like partial veil that hangs from the cap margin, smooth spores, and a trichoderm-like cap cuticle.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Thornycroft family
The Thornycroft family was a notable English family of sculptors, artists and engineers, connected by marriage to the historic Sassoon family. The earliest known mention of the family is stated in George Ormerod's History of Cheshire as during the reign of Henry III in the 13th century, taking its name from a Cheshire hamlet. Sir John Isaac Thornycroft (1843–1928) was the founder of the Thornycroft shipbuilding company.

John I. Thornycroft & Company
50°53′43.44″N 1°22′56.76″W﻿ / ﻿50.8954000°N 1.3824333°W﻿ / 50.8954000; -1.3824333

John I. Thornycroft & Company Limited, usually known simply as Thornycroft, was a British shipbuilding firm founded by John Isaac Thornycroft in Chiswick in 1866. It moved to Woolston, Southampton, in 1908, merging in 1966 with Vosper & Company to form one organisation called Vosper Thornycroft. From 2002 to 2010 the company acquired several international and US-based defence and services companies, and changed name to the VT Group. In 2008 VT's UK shipbuilding and support operations were merged with those of BAE Systems to create BVT Surface Fleet.  In 2010 remaining parts of the company were absorbed by Babcock International who retained the UK and international operations, but sold the US based operations to the American Jordan Company, who took the name VT Group.
Victoria Brittain
Victoria Brittain (born 1942) is a British journalist and author who lived and worked for many years in Africa, the US, and Asia, including 20 years at The Guardian, where she eventually became  associate foreign editor. In the 1980s, she worked closely with the anti-apartheid movement, interviewing activists from the United Democratic Front and the Southern African liberation movements. A notable campaigner for human rights throughout the developing world, Brittain has contributed widely to many international publications, writing particularly on Africa, the US and the Middle East, and has also authored books and plays, including 2013's Shadow Lives: The Forgotten Women of the War on Terror.

Anti-Apartheid Movement
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-white population who were oppressed by the policies of apartheid. The AAM changed its name to ACTSA: Action for Southern Africa in 1994, when South Africa achieved majority rule through free and fair elections, in which all races could vote.
Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve
Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve (10 March 1615 – 31 January 1645) was the illegitimate son of King Christian IV of Denmark and his mistress, Karen Andersdatter. He was also a Danish-Norwegian Navy officer and lensmann bailiff.

Lensmann
Lensmann in modern Norwegian or lensmand in Danish and older Norwegian spelling (lit. 'fief man'; Old Norse: lénsmaðr) is a term with several distinct meanings in Nordic history. The Icelandic equivalent was a hreppstjóri, Swedish länsman and Finnish nimismies.
Gremolata
Gremolata (Italian: [ɡremoˈlaːta]) or gremolada (Italian: [ɡremoˈlaːda], Lombard: [ɡremuˈlaːda]) is a green sauce made with chopped parsley, lemon zest, and garlic. It is the standard accompaniment to the Lombard braised veal shank dish ossobuco.

Braising
Braising (from the French word braiser) is a combination cooking method that uses both wet and dry heats: typically, the food is first browned at a high temperature, then simmered in a covered pot in cooking liquid (such as wine, broth, coconut milk, or beer). It is similar to stewing, but braising is done with less liquid and usually used for larger cuts of meat. Braising of meat is often referred to as pot roasting, though some authors make a distinction between the two methods, based on whether additional liquid is added. Osso buco and coq au vin are well known braised meat dishes, and the technique can also be used to prepare fish, tempeh, tofu, or fruits and vegetables.
James Madison Dukes men's basketball statistical leaders
The James Madison Dukes men's basketball statistical leaders are individual statistical leaders of the James Madison Dukes men's basketball program in various categories, including points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Dukes represent James Madison University in the NCAA Division I Sun Belt Conference.

James Madison began competing in intercollegiate men's basketball in 1969, when the school was known as Madison College; the current university name was adopted in 1976. The NCAA did not officially record assists as a stat until the 1983–84 season, and blocks and steals until the 1985–86 season, but JMUs record books include players in these stats before these seasons. These lists are updated through the end of the 2021–22 season.

Basketball scorekeeping
Basketball scorekeeping is the practice of tracking the statistics of a basketball game throughout the duration of play. Points serve as the measure of scorekeeping, determining the ongoing score, and are accumulated by making field goals and free throws. The team with the most points when the game ends is declared the winner.
Alcohol laws of North Dakota
The alcohol laws of North Dakota include the following provisions.

A person must be 21 to purchase or consume alcohol.

It is illegal to drive with a blood alcohol level over 0.08%.

Public Intoxication is not a crime.

Grocery stores, gas stations, and supermarkets may carry all forms of liquor, but only if the liquor is rung up in a separate enclosed part of the store.

Alcohol may not be served between 2am and 8am Mon-Sat.  Alcohol may be served and sold on Sundays 8am to 12am. SB 2220

Alcohol may not be sold on Thanksgiving Day (after 2 am), Christmas Eve (after 6 pm) or Christmas Day (all day).

Public intoxication
Public intoxication, also known as "drunk and disorderly" and "drunk in public", is a summary offense in certain countries related to public cases or displays of drunkenness. Public intoxication laws vary widely by jurisdiction, but usually require an obvious display of intoxicated incompetence or behavior which disrupts public order before the charge is levied.
Lochmaben Stone
The Lochmaben Stone (grid reference NY 3123 6600) is a megalith on the shore of the Solway Firth in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It lies by the mouth of the Kirtle Water, near the town of Gretna. Together with a smaller stone, it is all that is left of a stone circle that was built around 3275 BC.

The principal stone or megalith has, in the Borders context, an unsurpassed extent of history attached to it. It is an erratic stone that is 7 feet (2.1 m) tall and 18 feet (5.5 m) in girth, and it weighs approximately 10 long tons (10,000 kg). It is composed of weathered granite, exposed to severe glacial action.

In these treeless flatlands this stone, given its size, would have been a distinctive landmark on the flat Solway Plain for several millennia.

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
Ashrei
Ashrei (Hebrew: אַשְׁרֵי, lit. 'happy [is]') is a Jewish prayer recited at least three times daily in Judaism: twice during Shacharit (the morning service) and once during Mincha (the afternoon service). The prayer is composed primarily of the entirety of Psalm 145, with Psalm 84:5 and Psalm 144:15 appended to the beginning and Psalm 115:18 to the end, respectively. The first two verses added both begin with the Hebrew word ashrei, which lends the prayer its name.

In Berakhot 4b:16, Rabbi Elazar, citing Rabbi Avina, is recorded teaching that "anyone who recites Tehillah l'David (תְּהִלָּה לְדָוִד, '[a] Praise [to God] of David') three times every day is assured of a place in the World-to-Come". The Tehillah l'David referred to is Psalm 145; the Rabbis—at least as they were recorded teaching in the Talmud—did not refer to the Ashrei of Rabbinic Judaism as Ashrei.

Eleazar ben Shammua
Eleazar ben Shammua or Eleazar I (Hebrew: אלעזר בן שמוע) was a rabbi of the 2nd century (4th generation of tannaim), frequently cited in rabbinic writings as simply Rabbi Eleazar (Bavli) or Rabbi Lazar רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר (Yerushalmi). He was of priestly descent and rich, and acquired great fame as a teacher of traditional law.
Monington, Pembrokeshire
Monington (Welsh: Eglwys Wythwr) is a small settlement and parish in the community of Nevern, north Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is on the Nant Ceibwr (Ceibwr Stream) that flows through Moylegrove and into Ceibwr Bay. Part of the parish lies within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.

Ceibwr Bay
Ceibwr Bay (Welsh: Bae Ceibwr) is a bay opening into the Irish Sea in Pembrokeshire, west Wales. It is about 7 km west of Cardigan, and 3 km south of the headland of Cemaes Head. A part of it known as the Moyle is owned by the National Trust, and lies within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park and on the Pembrokeshire Coast Path.
Canoe Cruisers Association
The Canoe Cruisers Association of Greater Washington, D.C., founded in 1956, with over a thousand members in Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia is a kayak and canoe club whose main purpose is to unite persons interested in paddling and whitewater kayaking in the Potomac River Basin and adjacent watersheds in Pennsylvania and West Virginia.

In addition to being the largest kayak and canoe club in the Washington, D.C., area, the Canoe Cruisers Association (CCA) provides support for the U.S. Olympic Whitewater Team.  The CCA also works with local agencies such as the National Park Service to provide information, safe river paddling education and swiftwater rescue training to the general public.

Canoe
A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to distinguish them from kayaks. However, for official competition purposes, the American distinction between a kayak and a canoe is almost always adopted. At the Olympics, both conventions are used: under the umbrella terms Canoe Slalom and Canoe Sprint, there are separate events for canoes and kayaks.
Bethke
Bethke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew-John Bethke, South African composer

Arap Bethke (born 1980), Mexican actor

Bruce Bethke (born 1955), American author

Des Bethke (born 1943), Australian rules footballer

Erik Bethke (born 1972), American computer games developer

Ingo, Holger and Egbert Bethke, who escaped from East Germany

Jean Bethke Elshtain (1941–2013), American political philosopher

Katie Bethke (born 1988), American soccer player

Michael Bethke, American murderer

Penny Bethke (1950–2011), Canadian co-operative business leader

Sigfried Bethke (born 1954), German physicist

Bruce Bethke
Bruce Bethke (born 1955) is an American author best known for his 1983 short story "Cyberpunk" which led to the widespread use of the term for the cyberpunk subgenre of science fiction. His novel, Headcrash, won the Philip K. Dick Award in 1995 for SF original paperback published in the US.

Bethke's collected thoughts on the cyberpunk subculture are available on his website, in an essay entitled "The Etymology of Cyberpunk".

Bethke served as a judge on the Philip K. Dick Award in 2013.
2017 Apache Warrior 400
The 2017 Apache Warrior 400 presented by Lucas Oil was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on October 1, 2017, at Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. Contested over 400 laps on the 1 mile (1.6 km) concrete speedway, it was the 29th race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season, the third race of the Playoffs, and the final race of the Round of 16.

Ricky Stenhouse Jr.
Richard Lynn Stenhouse Jr. (born October 2, 1987) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 47 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Hyak Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 45 Chevrolet Silverado RST for Niece Motorsports. Stenhouse was the 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series Rookie of the Year, and won back-to-back Nationwide Series championships in 2011 and 2012. Stenhouse was the 2013 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Rookie of the Year. He is the 2023 Daytona 500 winner.
Kakhidze
Kakhidze (Georgian: კახიძე) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Kakhidze (born 1999), Russian-Georgian football player

Aslan Kakhidze (born 1988), Kazakhstani freestyle wrestler

Jansug Kakhidze (1935—2002), Georgian musician, composer, singer and conductor

Marine Kakhidze (born 1983), Georgian footballer

Otar Kakhidze (born 1983), Georgian politician and lawyer

Vakhtang Kakhidze (born 1959), Georgian composer and conductor

Aslan Kakhidze
Aslan Kakhidze  ( Kazakh: Аслан Байрамалийович Кахидзе) (born October 28, 1988) is a Kazakhstani freestyle wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 86 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, in which he was eliminated in the round of 32 by Amarhajy Mahamedau.
2023 Budapest Grand Prix
The 2023 Hungarian Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 21st edition of the event, a WTA 250-level tournament on the 2023 WTA Tour. It took place at Római Tennis Academy in Budapest, Hungary, from 17 through 23 July 2023.

Natália Szabanin
Natália Szabanin (born 11 October 2003) is a Hungarian tennis player.

Szabanin has career-high WTA rankings of 245 in singles, achieved on 28 November 2022, and 435 in doubles, set on 6 November 2023.

She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2021 Budapest Grand Prix where she received a wildcard into the doubles tournament. At the 2022 Budapest Grand Prix, Szabanin made her singles tour–level debut after receiving wildcard, losing in the first round to second seed Martina Trevisan in three sets.
Saya Woolfalk
Saya Woolfalk (born 1979, Gifu City, Japan) is an American artist known for her multimedia exploration of hybridity, science, race and sex. Woolfalk uses science fiction and fantasy to reimagine the world in multiple dimensions.

Saya Woolfalk is represented by Leslie Tonkonow Artworks & Projects, New York. She was a graduate advisor at the Art Institute of Chicago and a BFA critic at Parsons School of Design in 2012. She was also a visiting artist at Montclair State University in 2012 and 2013. Woolfalk was an adjunct professor at Parsons from 2013 to 2018.

Gifu
Gifu (岐阜市, Gifu-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡʲi.ɸɯ, ɡʲi.ɸɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important strategic role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. During the Sengoku period, various warlords used the area as a base in their efforts to unify and control Japan. Among them, Oda Nobunaga, who gave the region the name it is known by today. Gifu continued to flourish even after Japan's unification as both an important shukuba along the Edo period Nakasendō and, later, as one of Japan's fashion centers. It has been designated a core city by the national government. The city is a part of the Chūkyō metropolitan area, centered around Nagoya.
Richard Harpin
Sir Richard David Harpin (born 10 September 1964) is a British entrepreneur, investor and author. He founded HomeServe in 1993 and served as its chief executive until 2023.

Harpin is also founder of the investment fund Growth Partner and owns Business Leader, a peer-to-peer community for entrepreneurs in the UK. In 2024, The Sunday Times Rich List estimated his family net worth at £670 million. In July 2025, he published How to Make a Billion in 9 Steps which debuted in its first week as a Sunday Times bestseller.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Wadi Qanat
Wadi Qanat, commonly known today as Wadi al-Aqul or Wadi Sayednah Hamzah, is one of three main wadis (seasonal streams) of Medina, Saudi Arabia. It flows between Mount Uhud and the city center of Medina. It connects with the two other major wadis of the city, Wadi Buthan and Wadi al-Aqiq, at a point northwest of Medina. The wadi is dry for most of the year, though it was not uncommon for it to significantly flood when it did fill.

Mount Uhud
Mount Uhud (Arabic: جَبَل أُحُد, romanized: Jabal Uḥud, Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [dʒa.bal ʔʊ.ħʊd]) is a mountain north of Medina, in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia. It is 1,077 m (3,533 ft) high and 7.5 km (4.7 miles) long. It was the site of the second battle between the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the polytheists of his tribe of Quraysh. The Battle of Uhud was fought on 19 March, 625 CE, between a force from the small Muslim community of Medina and a force from Mecca, in north-western Arabia.
Serial extraction
Serial extraction is the planned extraction of certain deciduous teeth and specific permanent teeth in an orderly sequence and predetermined pattern to guide the erupting permanent teeth into a more favorable position.

Deciduous teeth
Deciduous teeth or primary teeth, also informally known as baby teeth, milk teeth, or temporary teeth, are the first set of teeth in the growth and development of humans and other diphyodonts, which include most mammals but not elephants, kangaroos, or manatees, which are polyphyodonts. Deciduous teeth develop during the embryonic stage of development and erupt (break through the gums and become visible in the mouth) during infancy. They are usually lost and replaced by permanent teeth, but in the absence of their permanent replacements, they can remain functional for many years into adulthood.