hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nisbet & Paradice
Nisbet & Paradice was an architectural firm in Idaho.  It was a partnership of architects Benjamin Morgan Nisbet and Frank H. Paradice, Jr. formed in 1909. The partnership lasted five years. They dissolved it in 1915, and Nisbet moved to Twin Falls, Idaho to establish an individual practice, and Paradice did likewise in Pocatello, Idaho.  A number of their works are recognized by listings on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

Buhl, Idaho
Buhl is a city located on the old Oregon Trail in the western half of Twin Falls County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2020 census, Buhl had a population of 4,558. It is part of the Twin Falls, Idaho metropolitan area.

U.S. Route 30 passes through Buhl, along the scenic Thousand Springs Scenic Byway from Twin Falls to Bliss. Known as the "Trout Capital of the World," Buhl is the location of numerous hatcheries in the immediate surrounding area, which produce a majority of the rainbow trout consumed in the United States. Clear Springs Foods, located just north of Buhl, processes over 20 million pounds of rainbow trout each year, making it the world's largest producer.
Picture line-up generation equipment
For televisions the picture line-up generation equipment (PLUGE or pluge) is a greyscale test pattern used in order to adjust the black level and contrast of the picture monitor. Various PLUGE patterns can be generated, the most common consisting of three vertical bars of super-black, normal black, and near-black and two rectangles of mid-gray and white (sometimes these are measured in IRE). These three PLUGE pulses are included in the SMPTE color bars (at the bottom and near the right) used for NTSC, PAL, and SÉCAM.

Contrast (vision)
Contrast is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable from a background. Human vision is more sensitive to relative differences than to absolute luminance, so perceived appearance can remain fairly stable despite large changes in illumination.

The maximum contrast of an image is termed the contrast ratio or dynamic range. In images where the contrast ratio approaches the maximum possible for the medium, there is a conservation of contrast. In such cases, increasing contrast in certain parts of the image will necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere. Brightening an image increases contrast in darker areas but decreases it in brighter areas; conversely, darkening the image will have the opposite effect. Bleach bypass reduces contrast in the darkest and brightest parts of an image while enhancing luminance contrast in areas of intermediate brightness.
Nimirndhu Nil
Nimirndhu Nil (transl. Stand upright) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language action drama film written and directed by Samuthirakani featuring Ravi Mohan (then known as Jayam Ravi) in a dual role, and Amala Paul. It was produced by KS Sreenivasan's Vaasan Visual Ventures. The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar. In the film, Ravi plays a revolutionary for a social cause. The film, which was simultaneously made in Telugu as Janda Pai Kapiraju with Nani in place of Ravi, released on 8 March 2014 and received mostly positive reviews.

The film was also dubbed into Hindi as Daring Mard in 2014. In 2015, the Telugu version of the film was also dubbed into Hindi as Lion The King.

Central Board of Film Certification
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952." The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited.
İske Qazan
İske Qazan (literally: Old Kazan; Cyrillic: Иске Казан), was a Bolghar-Tatar city in the 13-16th centuries, situated on the banks of the Kazanka River in the Kazan artı or Zakazanye region, in what is today the Russian Federation republic of Tatarstan.

In 18th century Tatar literature, İske Kazan was said to have been founded by the brothers Altınbäk and Ğälimbäk during Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria.

In the 13-14th centuries the city was one of the political and economic centres of Kazan artı. After raids by Russian armies in 1376 and 1399, the city's importance declined. In 1535, the exiled king Canğäli khan lived in the city, where he probably died. In 1552 İske Kazan was ruined by Russian troops.

Today the Urıs Urmatı and Qamay ruins are the ruins of İske Kazan.

Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in Eurasia throughout most of its history. Before the Mongol conquest, Russians of Novgorod and Vladimir repeatedly looted and attacked the area, thereby weakening the Bulgar state's economy and military power. The latter ambushed the Mongols in the later 1223 or in 1224. Several clashes occurred between 1229–1234, and the Mongol Empire conquered the Bulgars in 1236.
Weingut Schloss Sommerhausen
Weingut Schloss Sommerhausen is a traditional winery located in Sommerhausen
Germany and founded in 1435.

The founder Schenk Konrad IV of Limpurg started with construction of the Schlosskeller. Weingut Schloss Sommerhausen is a member of the Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP). The production has been operating by the Steinmann family in Sommerhausen for 14 generations, each is documented to the year 1557. The products are:

30% Burgunder

25% Silvaner

20% Riesling

25% other sorts.

Silvaner
Silvaner or Sylvaner (German: [zɪlˈvaːnɐ] ⓘ) is a variety of white wine grape grown primarily in Alsace and Germany, where its official name is Grüner Silvaner. While the Alsatian versions have primarily been considered simpler wines, it was included among the varieties that can be used to produce Alsace Grand Cru wine in 2006, together with the four 'noble grapes' of Alsace, although only in one vineyard, Zotzenberg.

This dichotomy is explained by the vigour of the Sylvaner vine and the grape's neutral flavour, which can lead to blandness unless yields are controlled. On the other hand, it gives a blank canvas for the expression of terroir, and on good sites with skilled winemaking, Sylvaner can produce elegant wines. It has high acidity but naturally reaches high must weights, so is often blended with other varieties such as Riesling or Elbling, and is sometimes made into a dessert wine.
Paul van Meekeren
Paul Adriaan van Meekeren (born 15 January 1993) is a Dutch cricketer who most recently played for Gloucestershire County Cricket Club. He has played domestically for Somerset and Durham in English county cricket, and for St Kitts and Nevis Patriots in T20 franchise cricket. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler. Gloucestershire announced at the end of the 2023 season that his contract would not be renewed.

European T20 Premier League
The European T20 Premier League (ETPL) is an upcoming professional twenty20 cricket league in Europe. It will be organised by Cricket Scotland, Cricket Ireland, and Royal Dutch Cricket Association, and will be played during summer each year from 2026. The League will comprise six teams across Scotland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, and the Netherlands.
Love Letter (1975 film)
Love Letter is a 1975 Indian Malayalam film, directed and produced by Dr. Balakrishnan. The film stars Vincent, Sudheer, Vidhubala, Jose Prakash, Manavalan Joseph, KPAC Lalitha and Pattom Sadan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by KJ Joy. And this was his very first film as a composer which kick started his illustrious career as a leading music director in Malayalam.

Sudheer (Malayalam actor)
Sudheer (died 2004) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in the Malayalam film industry. He was a lead actor during the 1970s. He acted in more than 100 movies. His role in the movie Chembarathy in 1972 was well noted. He won a Kerala State Film Award in 1975 for his performance in the movie Sathyathinte Nizhalil.

Sudheer has also played the second lead in the 1978 Rajinikanth starrer Bairavi and has played the lead role in Sonna Namba Mateengae.
Socialism After Hayek
Socialism After Hayek is a 2006 book by American economics professor Theodore A. Burczak. It is part of the Advances in Heterodox Economics series and published by University of Michigan Press. The book was reviewed by Andrew Farrant and Virgil Henry Storr in The Review of Austrian Economics. Brent Kramer reviewed the book in the Review of Radical Political Economics. David Emanuel Andersson wrote a critical assessment of Hayek and Burczak in the Journal of Institutional Economics.

Burczak, Theodore A. (2006). Socialism after Hayek. University of Michigan Press. doi:10.3998/mpub.93585. ISBN 978-0-472-09951-1.

The Review of Austrian Economics
The Review of Austrian Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering heterodox economics published by Springer Science+Business Media. It was established by Murray Rothbard,  who edited ten volumes between 1987 and 1997. After Rothbard's death, Walter Block, Hans-Hermann Hoppe, and Joseph T. Salerno edited the journal for two years. It was published by Lexington Books and later by Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Ludwig von Mises Institute then replaced the journal with the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics.

The review is now affiliated with George Mason University, who continued publication with volume 11 in 1999. The editors-in-chief are Peter J. Boettke and Christopher J. Coyne (George Mason University).
Alexander Turnquist
Alexander Turnquist (born 1988 in Idaho) is an American guitarist and composer. He has released original albums on the VHF record label as well as limited released titles on the Kning Disk imprint and Textura record label. Turnquist has been compared to guitarists Jack Rose, Alex De Grassi, Kaki King, and James Blackshaw, as well as contemporary composer Philip Glass.

Turnquist's first widely released album, Faint at the Loudest Hour (VHF Records 2007), was given high marks, with an 8.2 from the popular music review website Pitchfork.

James Blackshaw
James Blackshaw (born 1981) is an English, Hastings-based folk fingerstyle guitarist and pianist. Blackshaw primarily plays an acoustic 12 string guitar and has been compared to Bert Jansch, Robbie Basho, John Fahey, Jack Rose, and Leo Kottke. He has released albums on the labels Celebrate Psi Phenomenon, Barl Fire Recordings, Static Caravan, Digitalis Industries, Important Records, Tompkins Square, and Young God Records.

In April 2016, he announced an indefinite hiatus from recording and performing music. His show in Hastings in August 2016 is his last one prior to hiatus. In July 2019, he announced his return to recording and performing.
Jill Morgenthaler
Jill Morgenthaler (March 31, 1954 – February 23, 2019) was the 2008 Democratic nominee for Illinois' 6th congressional district, defeating Stan Jagla in the primary.  Morgenthaler was defeated by Peter Roskam, a Wheaton, Illinois Republican, in the November 2008 general election, by a 16% margin (58% to 42%).

Morgenthaler was a retired colonel in the United States Army, where she served for nearly 30 years.

Pritzker Military Museum & Library
The Pritzker Military Museum & Library (formerly Pritzker Military Library) is a non-profit museum and research library for the study of military history located in a state-of-the art facility in Kenosha, WI. The institution was founded in 2003, and its specialist collections include material relating to Winston Churchill and war-related sheet music.
George of Baden
George of Baden (1433 – February 11, 1484) was Bishop of Metz.

He was the fourth son of Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Catherine de Lorraine (1407–1439).
He entered the church in 1445 and studied in Erfurt, Pavia and Cologne. In 1456, he became Coadjutor bishop to the Bishop of Mainz, Conrad II Bayer of Boppard. When Boppard died in 1459, Georg of Baden became the new bishop. He entered Metz only in 1461, in the company of 700 cavalry. In the meantime he had become involved in the Bavarian War (1459–63), where he was defeated and taken prisoner in the Battle of Seckenheim. He was released after paying a large ransom.

He then tried to reconquer the cities lost in 1444 to the Duchy Lorraine under René of Anjou, but had to cede the city of Épinal in 1466. In 1473 he forged an alliance with Charles the Bold and helped to arrange the marriage between Maximilian of Austria and Mary of Burgundy. He died in Moyenvic.

René of Anjou
René I of Anjou (Italian: Renato; Occitan: Rainièr; 16 January 1409 – 10 July 1480) was Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence from 1434 to 1480, who also reigned as King of Naples from 1435 to 1442 (then deposed). Having spent his last years in Aix-en-Provence, he is known in France as the Good King René (Occitan: Rei Rainièr lo Bòn; French: Le bon roi René).

René was a member of the House of Valois-Anjou, a cadet branch of the French royal house, and the great-grandson of John II of France.  He was a prince of the blood, and for most of his adult life also the brother-in-law of the reigning king Charles VII of France. Other than the aforementioned titles, he was also Duke of Bar from the 1420s onwards and Duke of Lorraine from 1431 to 1453.
Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar Lok Sabha constituency
Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the five Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttarakhand. It comprises two districts namely Nainital (part) and Udham Singh Nagar. This constituency came into existence in 2009, following the delimitation of Lok Sabha constituencies.

Delimitation Commission of India
The Delimitation Commission of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act, tasked with redrawing the boundaries of legislative assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on the last census. The present delimitation of constituencies is based on the 2001 census under the provisions of the Delimitation Act, 2002.

The Commission is an independent body whose orders cannot be challenged in any court of law. The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and the respective State Legislative Assemblies. However, modifications are not permitted. The next delimitation can not be held before 2026.
VOEvent
VOEvent is a standardized language used to report observations of astronomical events; it was officially adopted in 2006 by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). Though most VOEvent messages currently issued are related to supernovae, gravitational microlensing, and gamma-ray bursts, they are intended to be general enough to describe all types of observations of astronomical events, including gravitational wave events. Messages are written in XML, providing a structured metadata description of both the observations and the inferences derived from those observations. The rapid dissemination of event data with a formalized language was the 
original impetus for the creation of VOEvents and the network (now called VOEventNet) used to transport the messages; indeed VOEvent messages are designed to be compact and quickly transmittable over the internet. The VOEvent language (which is codified in an XML schema) continues to evolve; the latest version is 2.0.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Iron John
"Iron John" (also "Iron Hans"; German: Der Eisenhans) is a German fairy tale found in the collections of the Brothers Grimm, tale number 136, about an iron-skinned wild man and a prince. The original German title is Eisenhans, a compound of Eisen "iron" and Hans (like English John, a common short form of the personal name Johannes). It represents Aarne–Thompson type 502, "The wild man as a helper".

Most people see the story as a parable about a boy maturing into adulthood.  The story also became the basis for the book Iron John: A Book About Men by Robert Bly which spawned the mythopoetic men's movement in the early 1990s. The book spent 62 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.

Johannes
Johannes is a Medieval Latin form of the personal name that usually appears as "John" in English language contexts. It is a variant of the Greek and Classical Latin variants (Ιωάννης, Ioannes), itself derived from the Hebrew name Yehochanan, meaning "YHWH is gracious". The name became popular in Northern Europe, especially in Germany because of Christianity. Common German variants for Johannes are Johann, Hannes, Hans (diminutized to Hänschen or Hänsel, as known from "Hansel and Gretel", a fairy tale by the Grimm brothers), Jens (from Danish) and Jan (from Dutch, and found in many countries). In the Netherlands, Johannes was without interruption the most common masculine birth name until 1989. Johannes is also a popular name in South Africa, particularly among Afrikaners, due to Dutch colonial influences in the region. The English equivalent for Johannes is John.
Chan Tung
Chan Tung (1954-2001), Hong Kong's famous chef, was born in Puning, Guangdong. He was famous for teaching cooking in the  TV programmes.

Chan learnt cooking in his father's restaurant since he was 10 years old. However, he did not gain any special treatment. In contrary, his father was particularly strict to Chan's performance. Based on the fundamentals of Chiuchow cuisine, he created many special cuisines and wrote books concerning about herb and soup.

Chan also promoted his cooking skills to entertainment field. Chan hosted as consultant and appeared in Stephen Chow’s film, God of Cookery (1996). Chan also cooperated with Stephen Au and Sara Lee to host a housewife TV programme in the Asia Television.

The God of Cookery
The God of Cookery (Chinese: 食神) is a 1996 Hong Kong comedy film which was co-directed by Stephen Chow and Lee Lik-chi. The film features an ensemble cast include Stephen Chow, Karen Mok, Vincent Kok and Richard Ng.
Bishopstoke
Bishopstoke is a village and civil parish in the Eastleigh district of Hampshire, England. It is recorded as "Stoke" as early as 948 AD when King Eadred granted land there to a thegn called Aelfric. Stoke later came into the possession of the Bishops of Winchester, giving rise to the modern name. The village is about a mile east of Eastleigh town centre, and is on the eastern bank of the River Itchen. It adjoins Fair Oak on the east.

The parish of Bishopstoke was annexed to Eastleigh in 1899. It was later re-established as a parish in 1995. The village forms part of the South Hampshire urban area.

South Hampshire
South Hampshire is a term used mainly to refer to the conurbation formed by the city of Portsmouth, city of Southampton and the boroughs of Gosport, Fareham, Havant and Eastleigh in southern Hampshire, South East England. Using the definition of the agglomeration used by CityPopulation.de, the area had a population of 1,151,300 in the 2021 census. The area has sometimes been referred to as Solent City, particularly in relation to proposed local devolution, but the term is controversial.
Charles Abel Heurtley
Charles Abel Heurtley (b Bishopwearmouth 4 January 1806; d Christ Church, Oxford 1 May 1895) was an English theologian.

Heurtley was educated at Louth Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, of which college he was a Fellow from 1832 to 1841 when he became Rector of Fenny Compton. He was Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity at Oxford from 1853 until his death.

He married Jane Harrison, the daughter of Reverend William Bagshaw and Charlotte Harrison in 1844. They had one son and three daughters: Charles, Jane, Ellen and Frances.

Heurtley's son, also named Charles Abel Heurtley, followed him into the church and became vicar of Ashington, West Sussex. The younger Charles Heurtley's son, Walter Abel Heurtley, became a classical archaeologist.

His daughter Jane married Sydney Linton, Bishop of Riverina.

Bishopwearmouth
Bishopwearmouth (/ˌbɪʃəpˈwɪərmaʊθ/) is a former village and parish which now constitutes the west side of Sunderland City Centre, in the county of Tyne and Wear, England, merging with the settlement as it expanded outwards in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is home to the Sunderland Minster church, which has stood at the heart of the settlement since the early Middle Ages. Until 1974 it was in County Durham.
Blanchard, North Dakota
Blanchard is a census-designated place in Blanchard Township, Traill County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 16 at the 2020 census.

Blanchard is near the North Dakota-Minnesota border, near the junction of state highways 18 and 200.

The KVLY-TV mast was the tallest man-made structure in the Western Hemisphere until 2019. It stands near Blanchard. The mast is used to transmit television broadcasts from the Fargo station KVLY-TV and was the tallest man-made structure in the world from 1963 to 1974 and again from 1991 to 2008. Similarly, the KRDK-TV mast, the tallest man-made structure in the United States, stands 6 miles (9.7 km) from Blanchard, near Galesburg.

Blanchard post office

KVLY-TV mast seen close-up

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
The Steve Cochran Show
The Steve Cochran Show is the title of two talk shows on 720 WGN AM in Chicago, Illinois hosted by Steve Cochran. The original, airing in the afternoon drive, ran from February 2000 until its cancellation in June 2010. The current is Cochran's second stint at WGN, this time as morning-drive host, which began in September 2013. It airs from 5-10 a.m.

Cast Away
Cast Away is a 2000 American survival drama film directed and produced by Robert Zemeckis, written by William Broyles Jr. and starring Tom Hanks, Helen Hunt, and Nick Searcy. Hanks plays a FedEx troubleshooter who is stranded on a deserted island after his plane crashes in the South Pacific, and the plot focuses on his desperate attempts to survive and return home. Filming took place from January to March 1999, and April to May 2000.

Cast Away was released on December 22, 2000, by 20th Century Fox in the United States and Canada and by DreamWorks Pictures through United International Pictures in other territories. It grossed $429.6 million worldwide, making it the third-highest-grossing film of 2000. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the screenplay and Hanks's performance. Hanks won Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama at the 58th Golden Globe Awards and was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role at the 73rd Academy Awards for Cast Away.