hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Axiocerses karinae
Axiocerses karinae is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Malawi.

Adults have been recorded in May, December, January and February.

The larvae feed on Ximenia afra. They are associated with ants of the genus Crematogaster.

Ximenia afra
Ximenia afra, the sourplum, is a small tree or small shrub that is thinly branched. It is part of the Olacaceae family which is native throughout tropical regions. In particular, the sourplum is native to regions in South East Africa, mainly Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Sourplum fruits are generally sour, with a dry aftertaste, and contain significant amounts of potassium. The tree is fairly hardy, with frost resistance and drought tolerance. 
The tree, fruit, seed, leaves, and roots are all used for human consumption, medicinally, or for fuel.
Chay, Russia
Chay (Russian: Чай; Yakut: Чай, Çay) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Borogonsky Rural Okrug in Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 117 kilometers (73 mi) from Vilyuysk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 479; up from 478 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Vilyuysky District
Vilyuysky District (Russian: Вилю́йский улу́с; Yakut: Бүлүү улууһа, romanized: Bülüü uluuha, [bylyː uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the republic and borders with Zhigansky District in the northeast, Kobyaysky District in the east, Gorny District in the south, Verkhnevilyuysky District in the west, and with Olenyoksky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 55,200 square kilometers (21,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Vilyuysk. Population: 25,222 (2010 Census); 25,696 (2002 Census); 28,704 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vilyuysk accounts for 40.6% of the district's total population.
Jeepers Creepers (video game)
Jeepers Creepers is a grid capture video game written by James Albanese for Atari 8-bit computers. It was published by Quality Software in 1982. Similar in concept to Konami's Amidar, the player controls a "bug" which moves around a grid, changing the color of the lines, while avoiding wasps. When all of the lines surrounding a rectangle have been colored, the rectangle is filled in. Some rectangles give special rewards when filled. The goal is to fill all the rectangles.

Quality Software
Quality Software is a defunct American software developer and publisher which created games, business software, and development tools for the Exidy Sorcerer, Apple II, and Atari 8-bit computers in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Asteroids in Space, written by programmer Bruce Wallace, was voted one of the most popular games of 1978-80 by Softalk magazine.
1971 Stanley Cup Final
The 1971 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1970–71 season, and the culmination of the 1971 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Chicago Black Hawks and the Montreal Canadiens. The Black Hawks made their first appearance in the finals since 1965, while the Canadiens had last played in and won the final in 1969. The Canadiens won the series, four games to three.

Réjean Houle
Réjean Houle (born October 25, 1949) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward. He played in the National Hockey League with the Montreal Canadiens from 1969 to 1973 and again from 1976 to 1983, and in the World Hockey Association with the Quebec Nordiques from 1973 to 1976. After his playing career he served as the general manager of the Canadiens from 1995 to 2000, and is notable for trading goaltender Patrick Roy early in his tenure. Selected first overall in the 1969 NHL Amateur Draft by Montreal, Houle won the Stanley Cup with the team five times during his career.
Central Mountain
Central Mountain is a mountain in Columbia County, Sullivan County, and Luzerne County, in Pennsylvania, United States. Its elevation is 2,247 feet (685 m) above sea level. The mountain is part of the Allegheny Front. Rock formations on the mountain include the Pocono Formation and the Duncannon Member of the Catskill Formation. It was historically known as North Mountain, but it was renamed Central Mountain (after the village of Central) in the late 1800s. The mountain is one of the most important sites on the Columbia County Natural Areas Inventory and it is inhabited by dozens of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Numerous birds and several amphibians and mammals are also found in the area.

Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Columbia County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,727. Its county seat is Bloomsburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County. It was named Columbia, alluding to the United States and Christopher Columbus. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.

Columbia County is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area.
Village Barn Dance
Village Barn Dance is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank McDonald, written by Dorrell McGowan and Stuart E. McGowan, and starring Richard Cromwell, Doris Day, George Barbier, Esther Dale, Robert Baldwin and Andrew Tombes. It was released on January 30, 1940, by Republic Pictures.

Frank McDonald (director)
Frank Burgess McDonald (November 9, 1899 – March 8, 1980) was an American film and television director, active from 1935 to 1966. He directed more than 100 films, including many Westerns starring Gene Autry and Roy Rogers, and numerous TV show episodes. He is interred at Conejo Mountain Memorial Park in Camarillo, California.

McDonald was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Samuel and Florence McDonald. His father was an employee of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Participation in amateur theatrical productions sparked an interest in performing, causing him to leave Baltimore City College to pursue a career in entertainment.

McDonald's professional performing debut came in a vaudeville act in which he played a burglar. He also acted on Broadway, in Puppets (1925), The K Guy (1928), Just to Remind You (1931), and Bulls, Bears and Asses (1932).

McDonald married actress and musician Goodee Montgomery in 1934. She died in 1978. He died in Oxnard, California.
Butterflies (Justin Bieber song)
"Butterflies" is a song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was released through Def Jam Recordings and ILH Productions as the sixth track from his seventh studio album, Swag, on July 11, 2025. The song was produced by Bieber himself, Eddie Benjamin, Carter Lang, Dylan Wiggins, and Daniel Chetrit, with the five of them writing it alongside Tobias Jesso Jr. and Jackson Morgan.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests
The 2020–2021 Belarusian protests were a series of political demonstrations and protests against the Belarusian government and President Alexander Lukashenko. The largest anti-government protests in the history of Belarus, the demonstrations began in the lead-up to and during the 2020 presidential election, in which Lukashenko sought his sixth term in office. In response to the demonstrations, a number of relatively small pro-government rallies were held.

Salihorsk
Salihorsk or Soligorsk (Belarusian: Салігорск, IPA: [salʲiˈɣorsk]; Russian: Солигорск, IPA: [səlʲɪˈɡorsk]) is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Salihorsk District. As of 2025, it has a population of 96,993.
Ang Probinsyano season 8
The eighth season of Ang Probinsyano, a Philippine action drama television series, aired from June 29, 2020, to August 20, 2021, on Kapamilya Channel, A2Z and TV5. The series stars Coco Martin as P/Cpt. Ricardo Dalisay, together with an ensemble cast.

The eighth season of Ang Probinsyano picks up from the end of the seventh season, whose end coincided with the 2020 Luzon enhanced community quarantine, as it shows Lily's move to consolidate her power as both the first lady of the Republic and leader of the largest international drug cartel in the Philippines.

Kapamilya Channel
Kapamilya Channel (lit. 'Family member channel') is a 24-hour Filipino pay television channel owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation, a subsidiary of Lopez Holdings Corporation. Its headquarters is located at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City and serves as the flagship television channel under the ABS-CBN media brand.

Kapamilya Channel launched on June 13, 2020, replacing the free-to-air ABS-CBN after its broadcast renewal franchise expired on May 5, 2020, and the eventual denial on July 10, 2020. The channel airs a mix of ABS-CBN programs, including those that aired before and after its launch.
Arthur Clarence Pratt
Arthur Clarence Pratt (February 6, 1871 – August 26, 1948) was an office manager and political figure in Ontario. He represented Norfolk South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1905 to 1919 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Lynedoch, Norfolk County, the son of William Pratt and Maria Bottomley, both natives of Ireland, and was educated in Simcoe and Woodstock, at the Ottawa Normal School and at the Hamilton Normal College. In 1900, Pratt married Alice Bertha Turner. In 1911, with George Tate Blackstock, he founded the Canadian branch of the English Imperial Mission association. He was named lieutenant-colonel of the 133rd Battalion in the Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1916. He died suddenly in 1948.

Norfolk County, Ontario
Norfolk County (/ˈnɔːrfoʊk/ NOR-fohk) is a rural single-tier municipality on the north shore of Lake Erie in Southwestern Ontario, Canada with a 2023 population of 73,015. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. The largest community in Norfolk County is Simcoe, whose 2021 population was 16,121. The other population centres are Port Dover, Delhi, Waterford and Port Rowan, and there are many smaller communities. For several years in the late 20th century, the county was merged with Haldimand County but the merged entity was dissolved in 2000.
Witch trials in the early modern period
In the early modern period, from about 1400 to 1775, about 100,000 people were prosecuted for witchcraft in Europe and  British America. Between 40,000 and 60,000 were executed, almost all in Europe. The witch hunts were particularly severe in parts of the Holy Roman Empire. Prosecutions for witchcraft reached a high point from 1560 to 1630, during the Counter-Reformation and the European wars of religion. Among the lower classes, accusations of witchcraft were usually made by neighbors, and women and men made formal accusations of witchcraft. Magical healers or 'cunning folk' were sometimes prosecuted for witchcraft, but seem to have made up a minority of the accused. Roughly 80% of those convicted were women, most of them over the age of 40. In some regions, convicted witches were burnt at the stake, the traditional punishment for religious heresy.

Cunning folk
Cunning folk, also known as folk healers or wise folk, were practitioners of folk medicine, helpful folk magic and divination in Europe from the Middle Ages until the 20th century. Their practices were known as the cunning craft. Their services also included thwarting witchcraft. Although some cunning folk were denounced as witches themselves, they made up a minority of those accused, and the common people generally made a distinction between the two. The name 'cunning folk' originally referred to folk-healers and magic-workers in Britain, but the name is now applied as an umbrella term for similar people in other parts of Europe.
The Affair (1973 film)
The Affair is a 1973 American TV movie directed by Gilbert Cates and starring Natalie Wood, Robert Wagner, Bruce Davison and Jamie Smith-Jackson.

The film starred Natalie Wood in her first appearance since Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice. Her co-star was Robert Wagner, her first husband whom she recently remarried.

Gilbert Cates
Gilbert Cates (né Katz; June 6, 1934 – October 31, 2011) was an American film director and television producer, director of the Geffen Playhouse, a member of Cates/Doty Productions, and founding dean of the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. Cates is most known for having produced the Academy Awards telecast a record 14 times between 1990 and 2008.
Nikolay Turgenev
Nikolay Ivanovich Turgenev (Russian: Николай Иванович Тургенев), (23 October, 1789, Simbirsk–10 November 1871, Bougival near Paris) was an early Russian economist and political theoretician who gained renown for his Essay on the Theory of Taxation (1818) and Russia and the Russians (1847). A relative of the novelist Ivan Turgenev, Nikolay co-founded several reformist societies, notably the Northern Society of the Decembrists. Being abroad during the fateful Rebellion of 1825, he chose never to return to his homeland, where he was tried in absentia and sentenced to Siberian katorga for life.

Trial in absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person being tried is not present. In absentia is Latin for "in (the) absence". Its interpretation varies by jurisdiction and legal system.

In common law legal systems, the phrase is more than a spatial description. In these systems, it suggests a recognition of a violation of a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial. Conviction in a trial in which a defendant is not present to answer the charges is held to be a violation of natural justice. Specifically, it violates the second principle of natural justice, audi alteram partem (hear the other party).

In some civil law legal systems, such as that of Italy, absentia is a recognized and accepted defense strategy. Such trials may require the presence of the defendant's lawyer, depending on the country.
Vermeer Dutch Chocolate Cream Liqueur
Vermeer Dutch Chocolate Cream Liqueur is a sweet liqueur made of Dutch chocolate, cream, and vodka. It was created by Maurice Kanbar who tested it for five years before presenting the liqueur to the public in 2001. Vermeer is 34 U.S. proof (17% alcohol by volume) and the bottles are labeled with an image of Johannes Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring.

Kanbar, who also developed  SKYY vodka, wanted to create "a liqueur as perfect as a Vermeer painting." The Vermeer liqueur benefited from the popularity of chocolate in the early 2000s, and was included in the "Chocolate Shows" (held annually in New York City since 1998) of 2001 and 2002.

Vermeer is served with ice (on the rocks), or it can be mixed in a chocolate martini cocktail or added to coffee or hot chocolate. It is also used to create sauces, such as for ice cream.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
2013 Qatar Open – Doubles
Filip Polášek and Lukáš Rosol were the defending champions but decided not to participate together. Polášek partnered up Julian Knowle, while Rosol decided not to participate.
Christopher Kas and Philipp Kohlschreiber won the title winning against Knowle and Polášek by 7–5, 6–4.

Christopher Kas
Christopher Kas (born 13 June 1980) is a retired German tennis player.

Kas has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 224, which he achieved in November 2002. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 17, achieved in February 2012.

Kas reached 20 double finals on the ATP Tour posting a record of 5 wins and 15 losses with an array of partners.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he finished in fourth place in mixed doubles alongside Sabine Lisicki. In January 2015, Sabine appointed him to her coaching team.

In 2022, Kas coaches German tennis player Jule Niemeier. Together they reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon.
He is currently coaching Kateryna Baindl.
Saint-Clément-sur-Guye
Saint-Clément-sur-Guye (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ klemɑ̃ syʁ ɡi], literally Saint-Clément on Guye) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Karl August Neumann
Karl August Neumann (6 April 1771 in Großbothen – 10 February 1866 in Prague) was a German-Austrian chemist, known for contributions made towards the development of the sugar and flax industries in Bohemia.

Beginning in 1793 he studied cameralistics at the University of Jena. From 1796 he spent several years as a teacher of commercial sciences on the Danish island of Als, then in 1802 relocated to Bohemia as head of a cotton factory in Josefsthal-Kosmanos. He made the acquaintance of Franz Josef von Gerstner, who in 1807 appointed him to the Polytechnic Institute in Prague, where from 1808 to 1817, Neumann worked as a professor of chemistry. In 1817 he was named Kommerzialrat (counsellor of commerce), and from 1817 to 1826, he served on the board of commercial and factory inspections.

Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) (Czech: České vysoké učení technické v Praze, ČVUT) is one of the largest universities in the Czech Republic with 8 faculties, and is one of the oldest institutes of technology in Central Europe. It is also the oldest non-military technical university in Europe.

In the academic year 2020/21, Czech Technical University offered 130 degree programs in Czech and 84 in English. It was considered one of the top 10 universities in emerging Europe and Central Asia in the same year.
Montenegrin identity card
Montenegrin identity card (Montenegrin / Serbian: Лична карта, Albanian: Letërnjoftim, Bosnian: Lična Karta, Croatian: Osobna iskaznica) is the national identification card used in Montenegro. Though Lična karta is a primary photo ID, Montenegrin passport and national driver's license are used as valid photo IDs for various purposes. It is issued to all Montenegrin citizens residing in the country above 16 years of age, while it's required for those over the age of 18.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
St. Paul and Duluth Railroad
The St. Paul and Duluth Railroad, a railroad in Minnesota and Wisconsin, operated independently from 1877, when it was reorganized from the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad, until 1900, when it was bought by the Northern Pacific Railway. It was nicknamed named the "Skally Line", likely based upon the Anglicization of the Swedish word "skulle", meaning "would." Many Swedish immigrants "would" take the line, which ran from Saint Paul to Duluth, Minnesota, and had branches to the Minnesota destinations of Minneapolis, Taylors Falls, Kettle River and Cloquet; and the Wisconsin destinations of Grantsburg and Superior.

Kettle River, Minnesota
Kettle River is a city in Carlton County, Minnesota, along the Kettle River, for which it was named. As of the 2020 census, Kettle River had a population of 166. It was incorporated in 1921.

Minnesota State Highway 73 serves as a main route in Kettle River.
Pallache (surname)
(Previously, this page expanded into a family history–now in separate entry:  q.v. "Pallache family.")

The Pallache (see Pallache family for many spellings of name) are a Sephardic Jewish family who originated on the Iberian Peninsula, spread into diaspora in the late 15th Century into Europe and the Arab world, and have since experienced further diaspora and moved further afield.

Chronologically, members include:

Samuel Pallache (ca. 1550–1616)

Joseph Pallache (1560-ca.1638/1648/1657)

Haim Palachi (1788–1868)

Abraham Palacci (1810–1898)

Rahamim Nissim Palacci (1813–1907)

Joseph Palacci (1815–1896)

Isaac Juda Palache (1858-1927)

Charles Palache (1869–1954)

Juda Lion Palache (1886-1944)

Alice Palache Jones (1907–1989)

Eddy Palacci (1931–2016)

Judith Palache Gregory (1932-2017)

Colette (Palacci) Rossant (b. 1932)

Alberto Palatchi, Spanish billionaire (b. 1949)

Gabriel Palatchi

Juda Lion Palache
Juda Lion Palache (October 26, 1886 – October 18, 1944) was a professor of Semitic languages (Hebrew, Arabic, Aramaic) at the University of Amsterdam and a leader of the Portuguese Jewish community in that city.  He came from the Pallache family.