hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Compressible flow
Compressible flow (or gas dynamics) is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with flows having significant changes in fluid density. While all flows are compressible, flows are usually treated as being incompressible when the Mach number (the ratio of the speed of the flow to the speed of sound) is smaller than 0.3 (since the density change due to velocity is about 5% in that case). The study of compressible flow is relevant to high-speed aircraft, jet engines, rocket motors, high-speed entry into a planetary atmosphere, gas pipelines, commercial applications such as abrasive blasting, and many other fields.

Hypervelocity
Hypervelocity is very high velocity, approximately over 3,000 meters per second (11,000 km/h, 6,700 mph, 10,000 ft/s, or Mach 8.8). In particular, hypervelocity is velocity so high that the strength of materials upon impact is very small compared to inertial stresses. Thus, metals and fluids behave alike under hypervelocity impact. An impact under extreme hypervelocity results in vaporization of the impactor and target. For structural metals, hypervelocity is generally considered to be over 2,500 m/s (5,600 mph, 9,000 km/h, 8,200 ft/s, or Mach 7.3).  Meteorite craters are also examples of hypervelocity impacts.
Peter Haugen
Peter Haugen (born c. 1969) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Gustavus Adolphus College, a position he has held since 2009. He was the head football coach for Washburn High School from 1994 to 2008. He was a three-sport athlete in American football, men's ice hockey, and baseball at Bethel University in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Gustavus Adolphus College
Gustavus Adolphus College (/ɡəsˈteɪvəs/ gəs-TAY-vəs) is a private liberal arts college in St. Peter, Minnesota, United States. It was founded in 1862 by Swedish Americans led by Eric Norelius and is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. It was named for Gustavus Adolphus, the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. Its residential campus includes a 125-acre arboretum.
Aiguille Croche
The Aiguille Croche (2,487 metres (8,159 ft)) is a mountain in the Beaufortain Massif in Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. In 2009, Matthias Giraud was the first person to descent and ski BASE jump off its cliff face.

Beaufortain Massif
The Beaufortain Massif (French: Massif du Beaufortain, pronounced [masif dy bofɔʁtɛ̃]) is a massif of the French Alps that straddles the southeastern departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie, in the historical region of Savoy.

It is bounded by the Arly river to the northwest, the Bon Nant to the northeast, as well as the Isère river as it runs through the Tarentaise Valley to the south. It is also crossed by the Dorinet and Doron de Beaufort rivers, in addition to their tributaries, from northeast to southwest, at Beaufort level.

It is surrounded by the Aravis Range, the Bauges Range, the Lauzière massif, the Vanoise massif and the Mont-Blanc massif.
Jazreel Tan
Jazreel Tan Shi Hua (born 12 September 1989) is a Singaporean athlete and captain of the National Bowling Team. She has represented at school level Methodist Girls' Secondary, Singapore Sports School, Wichita State University, and Singapore and all National levels including Asian Schools, National Youth and National Team.

Tan is Singapore's youngest National Champion that led her to be selected to the National Squad at just age 14. Tan won her first Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) Tour Title in 2014 and reach the Stepladder Finals of the US Women's Open and winning 3rd place in 2015.

Professional Women's Bowling Association
The Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) organizes and oversees a series of annual tournaments for the top competitive women ten-pin bowlers. The series is often referred to as the "women's tour" of bowling.

The PWBA was formed in 1960 but ceased operations in 2003. The PWBA Tour was re-launched in 2015 by the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) and Bowling Proprietors' Association of America (BPAA) with a three-year funding commitment. In addition, through a new partnership with the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA), the PBA began conducting PWBA Regional (women-only) events and PWBA members are now allowed to bowl all PBA events.
Elizabeth Friis
Elizabeth Annamaria (Lisa) Friis is an American bioengineer whose research interests include biomaterials and the biomechanics of the spine. She is C. E. and M. J. Spahr Professor and chair of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Kansas.

Friis has a PhD from Wichita State University, and worked in the Orthopaedic Research Institute of Wichita, Kansas from 1987 until 2001, when she joined the University of Kansas faculty. She is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, named to its 2019 class of fellows "for outstanding contributions to the field of translational bioengineering research and education in biomaterials and entrepreneurship".

Biomechanics
Biomechanics is the study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, and even proteins using the methods of mechanics. Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics.
1881 Massachusetts legislature
The 102nd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1881 during the governorship of John Davis Long. Robert R. Bishop served as president of the Senate and Charles J. Noyes served as speaker of the House of Representatives.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Grant Easterbrook
Grant Easterbrook is an entrepreneur. He has been cited on the topic of fintech in the media over 150 times, including in
The Wall Street Journal,
Reuters,

The New York Times,
Forbes, Investment News,
Financial Times,
San Francisco Chronicle, ThinkAdvisor
VentureBeat,
Fortune,
Financial Planning,

MarketWatch,
Financial Advisor,
Crain's New York Business,
Huffington Post,
MSN Money,
PBS,
Al Jazeera America,
Main Street,
U.S. News & World Report,
Wealth Management
and The Fiscal Times.

In 2015 Easterbrook left his role as a fintech analyst to found Dream Forward, a Newark-based tech startup building an artificial intelligence for the retirement and 401(k) industry.

VentureBeat
VentureBeat is an American technology website headquartered in San Francisco, California. VentureBeat is a tech news source that publishes news, analysis, long-form features, interviews, and videos. The VentureBeat company was founded in 2006 by Matt Marshall, an ex-correspondent for The Mercury News.
Rahim Arbab
Haj Agha Rahim Arbab (1875–1975) was born in Chermahin in Iran, from Isfahan province, to a family of scholars.  
Haj agha Rahim Arbab is among the Islamic scholars who never wore the traditional turban. He believed that the turban is for prophets and that he did not possess the scholarly permission to wear a turban. All of his 50 students ranked as Ayatollah after graduation. Among them, Allameh Jalal Homaei, Reza Alishah Tabandeh and Ayatollah Mirdamadi are well known.

Agha (title)
Agha (Turkish: ağa; Ottoman Turkish: آغا; Persian: آقا, romanized: āghā; "chief, master, lord") is an honorific title for a civilian or officer, or often part of such title. In the Ottoman times, some court functionaries and leaders of organizations like bazaar or the janissary units were entitled to the agha title. In rural communities, this term is used for people who own considerable lands and are influential in their community. Regardless of a rural community, this title is also used for any man who is influential or respected.
1996 Advanta Championships of Philadelphia
The 1996 Advanta Championships of Philadelphia was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Philadelphia Civic Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 1996 WTA Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held from November 11 through November 17, 1996.

WTA Tier II tournaments
The WTA Tier II tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis second-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed tournament categories, so that majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments from the previous season were in one category, the WTA Premier Tournaments.
Ronald Clark (cricketer)
Ronald Disston Clark (22 February 1895 – 20 February 1983) was an English cricketer active from 1912 to 1919 who played for Essex. He was born in Romford and died in East Wittering. He appeared in seven first-class matches as a righthanded batsman and wicketkeeper. He scored 61 runs with a highest score of 14 and completed ten catches with one stumping.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Yaroslavl (inhabited locality)
Yaroslavl (Russian: Ярославль) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Yaroslavl, a city in Yaroslavl Oblast

Rural localities

Yaroslavl, Kirov Oblast (58°34′51″N 50°32′27″E﻿ / ﻿58.58083°N 50.54083°E﻿ / 58.58083; 50.54083), a village in Zakarinsky Rural Okrug of Slobodskoy District in Kirov Oblast

Yaroslavl, Smolensk Oblast (54°35′36″N 33°13′49″E﻿ / ﻿54.59333°N 33.23028°E﻿ / 54.59333; 33.23028), a village under the administrative jurisdiction of Yelninskoye Urban Settlement in Yelninsky District of Smolensk Oblast

Town of district significance
Town of district significance is an administrative division of a district in a federal subject of Russia. It is equal in status to a selsoviet or an urban-type settlement of district significance, but is organized around a town (as opposed to a rural locality or an urban-type settlement); often with surrounding rural territories.
Vexatorella amoena
Vexatorella amoena, also known as the Swartruggens vexator is an evergreen shrub of up to about 1 m (3 ft) high, that is assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has entire, inverted egg-shaped, bluish grey, leathery leaves of 1½–3 cm (0.6–1.2 in) long and 5–11 mm (0.20–0.45 in) wide on a distinct stalk, and globular flower heads of about 2 cm (0.8 in) across with pale pink flowers with extended, thick-tipped styles at the tip of the branches. The plants are flowering from September to November. It is an endemic species that is restricted to the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Kouebokkeveld Mountains
The Koue Bokkeveld, meaning "Cold Buck Shrubland" in Afrikaans, is a mountain range in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Geologically the range is composed of Cedarberg Sandstone of the Cape System.
1966 United States Senate election in Illinois
The 1966 United States Senate election in Illinois took place on November 8, 1966. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Paul Douglas, seeking a fourth term in the United States Senate, faced off against Republican Charles H. Percy, a businessman and the 1964 Republican nominee for Governor of Illinois. A competitive election ensued, featuring campaign appearances by former vice president Richard M. Nixon on behalf of Percy. Ultimately, Percy ended up defeating Senator Douglas by a fairly wide margin, allowing him to win what would be the first of three terms in the Senate.

Governor of Illinois
The governor of Illinois is the head of government of Illinois, and the various agencies and departments over which the officer has jurisdiction, as prescribed in the state constitution.  It is a directly elected position, votes being cast by popular suffrage of residents of the state. The governor is responsible for endorsing or vetoing laws passed by the Illinois General Assembly. The office also carries the power of pardon and commutation under state law. The governor is commander-in-chief of the state's land, air and sea forces when they are in state service. Illinois is one of 13 states that does not place a term limit for governor.

The 43rd and current governor is JB Pritzker, a Democrat who took office on January 14, 2019. Pritzker was re-elected in 2022 by a 12% margin.
George R. Johnson
George R. Johnson (October 19, 1929 – September 28, 1973) was an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the Delaware County district from 1967 to 1968 and the 166th district from 1969 to 1972.

Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Delaware County, colloquially referred to as Delco, is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With a population of 576,830 as of the 2020 census, it is the fifth-most populous county in Pennsylvania and the third-smallest in area. The county was created on September 26, 1789, from part of Chester County and named for the Delaware River. The county is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, or Delaware Valley, region of the commonwealth.

Delaware County borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-most populous city, to its northeast. It also is adjacent to the city-county of Philadelphia County and is included in the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area. Its county seat is Media, which is located near the center of the county.
Faversham explosives industry
Faversham, in Kent, England, has claims to be the cradle of the UK's explosives industry: it was also to become one of its main centres. The first gunpowder plant in the UK was established in the 16th century, possibly at the instigation of the abbey at Faversham. With their estates and endowments, monasteries were keen to invest in promising technology.

Faversham was well placed. It had a stream which could be dammed at intervals to provide power for watermills. On its outskirts were low-lying areas ideal for the culture of alder and willow to provide charcoal, one of the three key gunpowder ingredients. The stream fed into a tidal creek where sulphur, another key ingredient, could be imported, and the finished product loaded for dispatch to Thames-side magazines. The port was also near the Continent where, in time of war, demand for gunpowder was brisk.

Alder
Alders are trees of the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.
Billimoria
Billimoria or Bilimoria is an Indian (Parsi) toponymic surname from the town of Bilimora in the Navsari district of Gujarat, India.

. Notable people with the surname include:

Cawas Billimoria (born 1962), Indian judoka

Dinshaw Billimoria (1904–1942), Indian actor

Eddie Billimoria (1900–1981), Indian actor

F. N. Billimoria (1933–2005), Indian Army officer

Gulestan Rustom Billimoria, Indian philanthropist

Homi Billimoria (1901–1956), Ceylonese architect

Jeroo Billimoria (born 1965), Indian social entrepreneur

Karan Bilimoria, Baron Bilimoria, British-Indian entrepreneur

Purushottama Bilimoria, Australian-American philosopher and professor

Rustomji Bomanji Billimoria, Indian physician

Bilimora
Bilimora is a city situated on the banks of the river Ambika, in Gandevi taluka & Navsari district of Gujarat state, in India. The city comes under the purview of the Surat Metropolitan Region. The city is roughly 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of the city of Surat and is the southernmost point of the Surat Metropolitan Region and the Metropolis of Surat. It is linked to Surat by SH 6 and SH 88.

In the late 18th century, the Baroda State established a naval station at Bilimora, a port about 40 miles (64 km) south of Surat, known as Bunder Bilimora Suba Armor. A fleet of 50 vessels were stationed here, mostly sailboats, cargo vessels for trading and military vessels to secure the sea from the Portuguese, the Dutch and the French.
No-par stock
No-par stock is stock issued with no par value given in the articles of incorporation or stock certificate. This is in contrast to stocks issued with a par value - a value for which the stock is redeemable to the issuing company - set at the time of issuance.

In practice, the par value is the lowest price for which a stock can be sold, as prices lower than the par value would be redeemed to the issuing company. In contrast, the value of no-par stocks relies completely on the market, without this minimum price guarantee.

Traditionally, the par value is set to be the same as the amount invested. However, in modern practice, the par value is set to a very low value (e.g. US$0.01 or US$0.00001) or not set at all.

Some U.S. states (e.g. California) does not have the concept of par values, whilst some other U.S. states (e.g. Delaware) does. In the latter states, whether the stock is par or no-par affects the calculation of the annual franchise tax.

Articles of association
In corporate governance, a company's articles of association (AoA, called articles of incorporation in some jurisdictions) is a document that, along with the memorandum of association (where applicable), forms the company's constitution. The articles define the responsibilities of the directors, the nature of business, and the mechanisms by which shareholders exert control over the board of directors.

Articles of association are essential to corporate operations, as they may regulate both internal and external affairs.

Articles of incorporation, also referred to as the certificate of incorporation or the corporate charter, is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada. They generally are filed with the Secretary of State in the U.S. State where the company is incorporated, or other company registrar. An equivalent term for limited liability companies (LLCs) in the United States is articles of organization.
Reverie (Cherie Currie album)
Reverie is the third full-length studio album by Cherie Currie. Released on iTunes March 16, 2015. Cherie released the CD version of this album June 5, 2015 on her eBay page cheriecurriedirect, 35 years after her previous full-length studio album, 1980's Messin' with the Boys (with her sister Marie Currie).

This was the final studio album produced by Kim Fowley before his death in 2015. Cherie and Fowley had long been estranged over disputes about royalty payments when he managed her group The Runaways, but they reconciled as he suffered for several years with cancer. After Fowley's death Cherie's son Jake Hays finished production for the album.

Lita Ford, Cherie's former bandmate in Runaways bandmate, sang two Runaways songs as duets for Reverie. Cherie also recorded a duet with her son, Jake Hays, "Shades of Me".

Marie Currie
Marie Currie is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and artist. Currie is best known for playing in a band with her twin Cherie Currie, called Cherie & Marie Currie. Their song "Since You Been Gone" charted at number 95 on the US charts. Marie played Singing Maid Marie in The Rosebud Beach Hotel and is now a multi-media sculptor and artist.
Mexic-Arte Museum
Mexic-Arte Museum is  a fine arts museum in Austin, Texas. The Mission of the organization is to enrich and educate the community through the presentation and promotion of traditional and contemporary Mexican, and Latino art and culture.

Founded in 1983 and incorporated in 1984 by Sam Coronado and Sylvia Orozco, Mexic-Arte Museum is the Official Mexican American Fine Art Museum of Texas as per the 78th Texas legislature in 2003.  In 1988, the museum relocated to its current location on Congress Avenue in Austin.

In 2016, the Screen It! program was one of twelve awardees of the National Arts & Humanities Youth Program Awards.

Latin American art
Latin American art is the combined artistic expression of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America, as well as Latin Americans living in other regions.

The art has roots in the many different indigenous cultures that inhabited the Americas before European colonization in the 16th century. The indigenous cultures each developed sophisticated artistic disciplines, which were highly influenced by religious and spiritual concerns. Their work is collectively known and referred to as Pre-Columbian art. The blending of Amerindian, European and African cultures has resulted in a unique Mestizo tradition.
Qianjin District, Jiamusi
Qianjin District (simplified Chinese: 前进区; traditional Chinese: 前進區; pinyin: Qiánjìn Qū) is a district of the city of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China, located on the southern (right) bank of the Songhua River.

Songhua River
The Songhua or Sunghwa River (also Haixi or Xingal, Russian: Сунгари, romanized: Sungari) is one of the primary rivers of China, and the longest tributary of the Amur. It flows about 1,897 km (1,179 mi) from Changbai Mountains on the China–North Korea border through China's northeastern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

The river drains 557,180 km2 (215,130 sq mi) of land, and has an annual discharge of 76.2 km3/a (2,410 m3/s) to 81.77 km3/a (2,591 m3/s).

The extreme flatness of the Northeast China Plain has caused the river to meander over time, filling the wide plain with oxbow lakes, as remnants of the previous paths of the river.
Dâu Temple
Dâu Temple (Vietnamese: chùa Dâu), also known under formal names: Diên Ứng (延應寺), Pháp Vân (法雲寺), and Cổ Châu, is a major Buddhist temple in Thanh Khương commune, huyện Thuận Thành, Bắc Ninh Province. Located some 30 km east of Hanoi, the temple historically marks the ancient settlement of Luy Lâu, once an important center of Buddhism in Vietnam. 500m farther away lies the Temple of Sĩ Nhiếp, the remarkable Chinese Governor of Jiaozhi at that time.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.