hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jonas Bergman
Jonas Bergman (1724–1810) was a Finnish painter living and working in what was then Sweden for most of his life.

Bergman was born in Turku. He married Ulrika Lang on 19 October 1749. She was the daughter of the church painter Claes Lang. Bergman primarily painted pulpit and altarpieces, including works in the following churches: Sottunga (1753), Paimio (1755), Nummi (1759), Föglö (1759), Alastaro and Rymättylä (1766).

Nummi, Uusimaa
Nummi (Swedish: Nummis) is a former municipality in the Uusimaa region of Finland. In 1981, Nummi merged with Pusula to form the municipality of Nummi-Pusula. In 2013, Nummi-Pusula in turn merged with the city of Lohja, and nowadays the Nummi village centre is the 103rd district of Lohja. Before the 1981 merger, the neighbouring municipalities of Nummi were Kiikala, Lohja, Pusula, Sammatti, Somero (until 1977, Somerniemi), Suomusjärvi and Vihti.
New Canadian Library
The New Canadian Library is a publishing imprint of the Canadian company McClelland and Stewart. The series aims to present classic works of Canadian literature in paperback. Each work published in the series includes a short essay by another notable Canadian writer, discussing the historical context and significance of the work. These essays were originally forewords, but after McClelland and Stewart's 1985 sale to Avie Bennett, the prefatory material was abandoned and replaced by afterwords.

It was founded by Malcolm Ross with the intention of providing affordable material for his students; David Staines has been the general editor of the series since 1986. In 2007, the University of Toronto Press published New Canadian Library: The Ross-McClelland Years, 1952-1978, a work by Janet Beverly Friskney that provides an account of the New Canadian Library during the years of Ross's editorship.

Postscript
A postscript (P.S., PS., or PS) may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and incidentally, after the signature of a letter or (sometimes) the main body of an essay or book. For such longer works it may also be known as an afterword or subscription. The term comes from the Latin "post scriptum", an expression meaning "written after" (which may be interpreted in the sense of "that which comes after the writing").
Bakkerud
Bakkerud is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Bakkerud (born 1991), Norwegian rallycross driver

Christian Bakkerud (1984–2011), Danish race car driver

Elin Bakkerud (born 1973), Norwegian soccer player

Ingvild Bakkerud (born 1995), Norwegian handball player

Lars Bakkerud (born 1971), Norwegian soccer player

Odd Bakkerud (1931–1989), Norwegian fiddle player

Christian Bakkerud
Christian Bakkerud (3 November 1984 – 11 September 2011) was a Danish racing driver, who competed in the 2007 and 2008 GP2 Series seasons, albeit hindered by a recurrent back injury. Prior to GP2 he competed in British Formula 3 and Formula BMW.

Bakkerud was not related to rallycross driver Andreas Bakkerud.
Ulverstone and Lancaster Railway
The Ulverstone [sic] and Lancaster Railway Company was short-lived as a business but the line that it built is still in daily use as part of the Furness line. The line runs from Lindal-in-Furness to Carnforth where it joins what was then the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway. The intermediate stations are: Cark and Cartmel, Kents Bank, Grange-over-Sands, Arnside and Silverdale.

Silverdale railway station
Silverdale is a railway station on the Furness Line, which runs between Barrow-in-Furness and Lancaster. The station, situated 9+1⁄2 miles (15 km) north-west of Lancaster, serves the village of Silverdale in Lancashire. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
Judith Summerfield
Judith Pearl Summerfield is an American scholar, teacher, curriculum/program developer, and writer. Professor Emeritus of English at Queens College of the City University of New York (CUNY), she served as University Dean for Undergraduate Education (2003-2009) at CUNY, and Dean for General Education at Queens College from 2009 until her retirement in 2015. Author or editor of ten books, she has received a number of awards for her work, notably the 1986 Modern Language Association (MLA) Mina Shaughnessy Award for the best book on pedagogy and the New York State Professor of the Year award by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (1998). In 2018, Summerfield was named a Distinguished Alumnus by the University of Pittsburgh School of Education.

University of Pittsburgh School of Education
The University of Pittsburgh School of Education consists of five academic departments: Administrative and Policy Studies, Health and Physical Activity, Instruction and Learning, Learning Sciences & Policy, and Psychology in Education.  The school is primarily located in Wesley W. Posvar Hall although the school has facilities in the Petersen Events Center, Trees Hall, the Learning Research and Development Center, Falk School, and other locations. As of the 2016–2017 academic year, the student body consisted of over 1,200 students with nearly 1,000 among the over 50 graduate programs. The school is currently ranked 27th in graduate education according to U.S. News & World Report. As of 2017, over $26 million  in funded research was undertaken in the school.
Jack Morrell (historian of science)
Jack B. Morrell is a historian of science at the University of Leeds. Between 1964 and 1994 he was lecturer and then Reader in History of Science at the University of Bradford. He has also been a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania (1970), a Supernumerary Fellow at Brasenose College, Oxford (1987), and a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow (1995–97). Between 1978 and 1982 he was vice-president and then president of the British Society for the History of Science. Since 1984 he has been a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

He has written five books. He is currently examining the relations between the professionals and amateurs who worked in Yorkshire in the early twentieth century on the geology of the county. His main research interests are

British Science, 1760–c.1939

History of Scientific Institutions

History of Geology

He received the 2007 Sue Tyler Friedman Medal for his work in the history of geology.

University of Bradford
The University of Bradford is a public research university located in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. A plate glass university, it received its royal charter in 1966, making it the 40th university to be created in Britain, but can trace its origins back to the establishment of the industrial West Yorkshire town's Mechanics Institute in 1832.

The student population includes 7,923 undergraduate and 3,742 postgraduate students. Mature students make up around a third of the undergraduate community. A total of 22% of students are foreign and come from over 110 countries. There were 14,406 applications to the university through UCAS in 2010, of which 3,421 were accepted.

It was the first British university to establish a Department of Peace Studies in 1973, which is currently the world's largest university centre for the study of peace and conflict.
Giovanni Molin
Giovanni Molin (25 April 1705 – 14 March 1773) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.

Giovanni was born in Venice to a patrician family. He studied both civil and canon law at the University of Padua, and in 1728 he became a Franciscan priest. In 1755, he was appointed as bishop of Brescia, where he became a patron of the Biblioteca Queriniana. On 23 November 1761 he was elevated to Cardinal by pope Clement XIII. This placed him in conflict with the Venetian senate who had imposed some controls over monastic orders. These controls were in conflict with contents in the latest papal bull of In Coena Domini. Molin in 1769 was able to move to Rome. He became titular priest for the church of San Sisto in 1769. He is buried in the Cathedral of Brescia.

Pope Clement XIII
Pope Clement XIII (Latin: Clemens XIII; Italian: Clemente XIII; 7 March 1693 – 2 February 1769), born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 July 1758 to his death in February 1769. He was installed on 16 July 1758.

His pontificate was overshadowed by the constant pressure to suppress the Society of Jesus but despite this, he championed their order and also proved to be their greatest defender at that time. He was also one of the few early popes who favoured dialogue with Protestants and to this effect hoped to mend the schism with the Catholic Church that existed in England and the Low Countries. These efforts ultimately bore little fruit.
Xiayuan station (Guangzhou Metro)
Xiayuan station (simplified Chinese: 夏园站; traditional Chinese: 夏園站; pinyin: Xiàyuán Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Hahyùhn Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 5 and Line 13 of the Guangzhou Metro, located in Guangzhou's Huangpu District. Line 13 opened on 28 December 2017, whilst Line 5 opened on 28 December 2023.

Interchange station
An interchange station or a transfer station is a train station for more than one railway route in a public transport system that allows passengers to change from one route to another, often without having to leave a station or pay an additional fare.

Transfer may occur within the same mode, or between rail modes, or to buses (for stations with bus termini attached). Such stations usually have more platforms than single route stations. These stations can exist in either commercial centers or on the city outskirts in residential areas. Cities typically plan for land use around interchange stations for development. Passengers may be required to pay extra fare for the interchange if they leave a paid area.
Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC) is an international scholarly society founded in 1994.  The purpose of the organization is to enhance collaboration and co-operation between basic and applied researchers in memory and cognition.

The society publishes the Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition.  The current president of SARMAC is Christian A. Meissner of University of Texas, El Paso.  From 2008 to 2012, the president was Maryanne Garry of Victoria University of Wellington.  The executive director is Kaz Mori of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.  SARMAC has 216 regular and 95 faculty members.  At present SARMAC has officers and directors from Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America.

Maryanne Garry
Maryanne Connell-Covello Garry is a New Zealand educational psychology academic. As of mid-2018, she is a full professor at the University of Waikato. Garry is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.
Methymna (Crete)
Methymna or Methymne (Ancient Greek: Μηθύμνη) was a city in ancient Crete, near Rhocca, which Aelian mentions in connection with a curious story respecting a remedy for hydrophobia discovered by a Cretan fisherman. Writing in the 19th century, Robert Pashley considered that the remains near the chapel of Aghios Georghos, by Nopia, on the extreme eastern edge of the plain of Kastelli Kissamou, represent Methymna. In the modern day, the village of Drapanias is considered to be a potential site of the city, and the municipal unit of Mithymna, which encompasses it, is named after the site.

History of Crete
The history of Crete goes back to the 7th millennium BC, preceding the ancient Minoan civilization by more than four millennia. The Minoan civilization was the first civilization in Europe.

During the Iron Age, Crete developed an Ancient Greece-influenced organization of city-states, then successively became part of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Ottoman Empire, an autonomous state, and the modern state of Greece.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the State of Iowa, one from all four of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on June 4, 2024.

Iowa's congressional districts
Iowa is divided into four congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. The state's congressional map is roughly divided by quadrants in the northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest sections of Iowa.

The districts were represented by three Republicans and one Democrat from the 2014 elections to the 2020 elections, with a brief period of Democratic control after the 2018 elections. In the 2022 elections, Republicans won every seat for the first time since the 1994 elections.
Manika Batra
Manika Batra (born 15 June 1995) is an Indian table tennis player. She is a triple gold medalist at the South Asian Games, a double gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games, and a bronze medalist at the Asian Games, Asian Championships, and Asian Cup. She is India's number two in women and her world rank is 27 as of Nov 2024.

Batra is the first Indian woman to have won a bronze at the Asian Cup. She is one of the players who uses a long pimple rubber. She was honored with the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna in 2020.

Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships
The Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships was born at a meeting of Commonwealth delegates in Munich at the 1969 World Championships. Prior to inclusion in the Commonwealth Games proper in 2002, 15 Commonwealth Championships have taken place since 1971.
Dhoho Airport
Dhoho Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Dhoho) is an airport that serves Kediri, situated approximately 120 kilometers southwest of Surabaya, and alongside Kediri also serves the Blitar and Nganjuk regencies of East Java, Indonesia. The goal of developing the airport was to boost economic growth in the southern parts of East Java, as well as to supplement the operations of Juanda International Airport in Surabaya and Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport in Malang.

The airport began domestic passenger operations on 5 April 2024, and is built to be able to accommodate international travel. Dhoho International Airport is the first ever airport in Indonesia to be fully funded by the private sector and was developed in three phases under a public-private partnership scheme with a concession period of 30 to 50 years.

Nganjuk Regency
Nganjuk Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦔꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦏ꧀) is a regency (kabupaten) of East Java Province, Indonesia. It borders Bojonegoro Regency in the north, Jombang Regency in the east, Kediri Regency in the south and Madiun Regency in the west. It covers an area of 1,288.91 sq. km, and had a population of 1,017,030 at the 2010 Census and 1,103,902 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,148,611 (comprising 577,609 males and 571,002 females). The administrative centre of the regency is the town of Nganjuk. The current regent is Dr. Drs. H. Marhaen Djumadi, S.E., S.H., M.M., M.B.A.
Los cuervos están de luto
Los cuervos están de luto (English: The Crows are in Mourning) is a 1965 Mexican comedy film directed by Francisco del Villar and starring Silvia Pinal and Lilia Prado. The film is based on the play of the same name by Mexican author Hugo Argüelles.

This film was shot at Estudios Churubusco.

Mexican literature
Mexican literature is one of the most prolific and influential of Spanish-language literatures along with those of Spain and Argentina.  Found among the names of its most important and internationally recognized literary figures are authors Octavio Paz, Alfonso Reyes, Carlos Fuentes, Sergio Pitol, José Emilio Pacheco, Rosario Castellanos, Fernando del Paso, Juan Rulfo, Amado Nervo, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Ramón López Velarde, and Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, among others.
Rakkayi Koyil
Rakkayi Koyil (transl. Rakkayi's Temple) is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language drama film, directed and co-written by Manivasagam. The film stars Vijayakumar, Selva and Kasthuri, with an ensemble supporting cast including Manorama, Goundamani and Senthil. It was released on 5 February 1993.

Manorama (Tamil actress)
Gopishantha (26 May 1937 – 10 October 2015), better known by her stage name Manorama, also called  Aachi, was an Indian actress, comedian and playback singer who had appeared in more than 1500 films and 5000 stage performances predominantly in the Tamil and also in  Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Sinhala. She was honoured with Kalaimamani award in 1995. In 2002, Government of India awarded Manorama the Padma Shri for her contribution to the arts. She is a recipient of one National Film Award, one Filmfare Award South and seven Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.
Benjamin Gregory (cricketer)
Benjamin Gregory (1863–1951) was an English cricketer active from 1895 to 1902 who played for Nottinghamshire. Gregory appeared in five first-class matches, bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, England on 6 October 1863 and died Kilton, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, England on 27 January 1951. Gregory scored nine runs, once he reached the four score, and took 9 wickets.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
Production–possibility frontier
In microeconomics, a production–possibility frontier (PPF), production-possibility curve (PPC), or production-possibility boundary (PPB) is a graphical representation showing all the possible quantities of outputs that can be produced using all factors of production, where the given resources are fully and efficiently utilized per unit time. A PPF illustrates several economic concepts, such as allocative efficiency, economies of scale, opportunity cost (or marginal rate of transformation), productive efficiency,  and scarcity of resources (the fundamental economic problem that all societies face).

This tradeoff is usually considered for an economy, but also applies to each individual, household, and economic organization. One good can only be produced by diverting resources from other goods, and so by producing less of them.

Economic efficiency
In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts:

Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another.

Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost.

These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively efficient. There are also other definitions and measures. All characterizations of economic efficiency are encompassed by the more general engineering concept that a system is efficient or optimal when it maximizes desired outputs (such as utility) given available inputs.
2011–12 Perth Heat season
The 2011–12 Perth Heat season will be the second season for the team. As was the case for the previous season, the Heat will compete in the Australian Baseball League (ABL) with the other five foundation teams, and will again play its home games at Barbagallo Ballpark.

The Heat will also be defending the ABL Championship title, having won the previous season's Championship Series, and over the course of the season, will represent Australia in the 2011 Asia Series.

Perth Heat
The Perth Heat is a baseball team in the current Australian Baseball League and a founding member of the Australian Baseball League. It is the most successful team in ABL history, winning 15 Claxton Shields.
The Red Dragon (magazine)
The Red Dragon, The National Magazine of Wales, was a monthly English-language literary magazine published in Cardiff, Wales, from February 1882 until June 1887. It was edited by Charles Wilkins until July 1885 when James Harris took over.

Although directed primarily at the people of South Wales, it was intended "to make known to the greater English world the characteristics and aims of the Welsh people and the beauties of their language and literature". The magazine included articles on the history of Wales (emphasising its recent history), biographies, poetry and serial novels.

The closure of the magazine elicited numerous expressions of regret in local newspapers in 1887. The Red Dragon remains a useful historical resource for modern scholars as a record of traditional lore.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
Paul Gardner (football administrator)
Paul Albert Gardner AM is the former president of the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League.  He held that position between 2003 and 2008, when he resigned and was succeeded by Jim Stynes.

Gardner is also the former chairman of the Malthouse Theatre, Chairman of advertising company Grey Global, former Director of open Family Australia and works with the Transport Accident Commission.

Transport Accident Commission
The Transport Accident Commission (TAC) is the statutory insurer of third-party personal liability (CTP insurance in other states) for road accidents in the State of Victoria, Australia. It was established under the Transport Accident Act 1986.

Its purpose is to fund treatment and support services for people injured in transport accidents. The TAC's support covers medical and non-medical expenses incurred as a result of an accident, for example income support for people whose injuries prevent them from performing normal job duties, or return to work programs, and equipment or aids, such as wheelchairs or crutches that are recommended by a healthcare professional. Funding used by the TAC to perform these functions comes from compulsory payments made by Victorian motorists when they register their vehicles each year with VicRoads.

The TAC also has a duty to help reduce accidents on Victorian roads. It is responsible for the majority of road safety advertising in the state.