hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation
A Complete Collection of genteel and ingenious Conversation, according to the most polite mode and method now used at Court, and in the best Companies of England, commonly known as A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation, or more simply as Polite Conversation, is a book by Jonathan Swift offering an ironic and satirical commentary on the perceived banality of conversation among the upper classes in early-18th century Great Britain. It is written in the form of a reference guide for those lacking in conversational skill. The book was completed in 1731, but may have been conceived of as early as 1704. One of Swift's last works, it was written in between bouts of vertigo and was not presented for publication until 1738.

Bergen Evans calls it "a tissue of moth-eaten phrases, worn-out wisecracks, musty proverbs and threadbare sententiousness".

Conversation
Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning. Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.
Tanabe Sakuro
Tanabe Sakuro (田辺 朔郎; December 2, 1861 – September 5, 1944) was a Japanese civil engineer and early pioneer in the development of hydro electric power.

Tanabe’s most famous achievement was the Lake Biwa Canal that runs from Lake Biwa to Kyoto city. For his work as Chief Engineer directing the project and paper entitled “The Lake Biwa - Kyoto Canal” published in 1894, Tanabe was awarded a Telford Medal by the British Institution of Civil Engineers. The canal passes through a series of tunnels and was the site of Japan's first Hydro-electric power station.

Tanabe worked for many years as a Director for the Hokkaidō Kansetsu Railway. In 1916 Tanabe was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Kyoto Imperial University.

Lake Biwa
Lake Biwa (Japanese: 琵琶湖, Hepburn: Biwa-ko) is the largest freshwater lake in Japan. It is located entirely within Shiga Prefecture (west-central Honshu), northeast of the former capital city of Kyoto. Lake Biwa is an ancient lake, over 4 million years old. It is estimated to be the 13th oldest lake in the world. Because of its proximity to the country's historical capital Kyoto, references to Lake Biwa appear frequently in Japanese literature, particularly in poetry and in historical accounts of battles.
Chronicle of a Boy Alone
Chronicle of a Boy Alone (Spanish: Crónica de un niño solo), also known as Chronicle of a Lonely Child, is a 1965 Argentine film directed by Leonardo Favio. It won the Silver Condor Award for Best Film.

It was selected as the greatest Argentine film of all time in a poll conducted by the Museo del Cine Pablo Ducrós Hicken in 2000. In a new version of the survey organized in 2022 by the specialized magazines La vida util, Taipei and La tierra quema, presented at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival, the film reached the 5 position.

Mar del Plata International Film Festival
The Mar del Plata International Film Festival (Spanish: Festival Internacional de Cine de Mar del Plata) is an international film festival that takes place every November in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina. It is the only competitive feature festival recognized by the FIAPF in Latin America, and the oldest in this category in the Americas. The festival is organized by the National Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts (INCAA).
R. Rathnavelu
R. Rathnavelu is an Indian cinematographer who works predominantly in Tamil and Telugu films. His work in films such as Sethu, Nandhaa, Vaaranam Aayiram, Enthiran, 1: Nenokkadine, Rangasthalam and Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy garnered recognition. He has garnered three Filmfare Awards South, the Vijay Awards, the Tamil Nadu State Film Award, four SIIMA Awards and the Kalaimamani Award bestowed by the Tamil Nadu state government for his work.

South Indian International Movie Awards
The South Indian International Movie Awards (SIIMA)  rewards the artistic and technical achievements of the South Indian film industry. It was launched in 2012 by Vishnu Vardhan Induri and Brinda Prasad Adusimilli to appreciate and honour film makers from across the South Indian film industries: Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema, and Kannada cinema, and provide a platform to promote South Indian films in international markets.
Nanukalan
Nanukalan is a village in Pataudi Mandal in Gurgaon District, Haryana State, India. Nanukalan is located 7.250 km from its Mandal Main Town Pataudi. Nanukalan is 35.36 km from its District Main City Gurgaon. It is 273 km from its State Main City Chandigarh.

Nanukalan village has two schools, one for the girls and one higher-secondary school for the boys. It has a population of about 3800 persons living in around 652 households.

Nearby villages are Gadai Pur (1.035 km), Daultabad (1.723 km), Bapas (2.833 km), Khetiawas (4.091 km), Balewa (4.392 km), Pahari (4.514 km), Inchha Puri (4.529 km).

Pataudi
Pataudi is a town, a tehsil and one of the 4 sub-divisions of Gurugram district, in the Indian state of Haryana, within the boundaries of the National Capital Region of India. It is located 28 km (17.4 mi) southwest of Gurugram city.

Gurgaon-Pataudi road, known as Pataudi Road, was a state highway, SH 26, and is being converted to a national highway, NH 352W, in 2023 as an alternative parallel highway to NH 48, the Delhi-Jaipur highway to reduce the congestion on NH 48. The road has been included as the new growth corridors in Gurugram.
OMB Circular A-126
OMB Circular A-126, revised May 22, 1992, is a Government circular that introduces standards and policies to minimize the cost and improve the management and use of United States Government aircraft. Specifically, OMB Circular A-126 addresses the acquisition, management, usage, cost accounting, and disposal of government aircraft.

All policies presented by this circular apply to Executive Agencies, with special policy covering the travel by senior officials or non-Federal travelers on government aircraft that is government-owned, leased, chartered or rented and any related services that apply. The only exceptions are aircraft that is in use by or in support of the President or Vice President of the United States

The Office of Management and Budget was created in 1921 under the authority of the Budget and Accounting Act, revised in 1950 as the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act; again in 1970 as Reorganization Plan No. 2; as Executive Order 11541 and 31 U.S.C. § 1344.

Gulfstream III
The Gulfstream III, a business jet produced by Gulfstream Aerospace, is an improved development of the Grumman Gulfstream II.

The U.S. military uses versions of the Gulfstream III as the C-20A/B/C/D/E aircraft, though later C-20 F/G/H/J are Gulfstream IV.
Arlene Eisenberg
Arlene Leila Scharaga Eisenberg (June 8, 1934 – February 8, 2001) was an author best known for her contributions to parenting to self-help literature. Eisenberg co-wrote what has been described as the "bible of American pregnancy," What to Expect When You're Expecting (1984). The book's success led to the What To Expect parenting series, which as of 2012, has sold over 34 million copies in 30 languages.

Eisenberg married Howard Eisenberg at 18.  Howard Eisenberg, then, a publicist for singer Eddie Fisher, encouraged Eisenberg to write.  With Arlene's newfound inspiration, the duo soon began writing together, publishing articles and books in the major media.  As of 2016, Howard Eisenberg continues to write in tribute to Arlene's honor.

Eddie Fisher
Edwin Jack Fisher (August 10, 1928 – September 22, 2010) was an American singer and actor. Popular during the 1950s, he sold millions of records and hosted his own TV show, The Eddie Fisher Show. Fisher had multiple high-profile marriages, including with Debbie Reynolds, Elizabeth Taylor, and Connie Stevens. With Reynolds, he fathered Carrie Fisher.
King of Nothing
King of Nothing is the second studio album by American country music duo The Warren Brothers. It was released in September 2000 via BNA Records. The album includes the singles "That's the Beat of a Heart," "Move On" and "Where Does It Hurt." "That's the Beat of a Heart" features guest vocals from Sara Evans, and was previously released on the soundtrack to the 2000 film Where the Heart Is. "Move On" is the brothers' highest-peaking single, reaching number 17 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.

The Warren Brothers produced the album with Chris Farren, except for the title track, which was produced by Jay Joyce.

BNA Records
BNA Records, formerly known as BNA Entertainment, was a label group that shared ties with Arista Nashville and RCA Nashville from parent company Sony Music Nashville, which itself is a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, BNA featured country music acts on its roster. The company derived its name from the IATA and ICAO airport codes for Nashville International Airport.

The label was founded by Boomer Castleman, who sold it to BMG Music in 1993. The first act signed was B. B. Watson.

In August 2011, Sony Nashville announced a major corporate restructuring which included the merger of Columbia Nashville into BNA. The BNA name was retired in June 2012, with the last remaining artists moving to a newly re-established Columbia Nashville.
Ülemiste railway station
Ülemiste railway station (Estonian: Ülemiste raudteejaam) is a railway station in the Ülemiste sub-district of Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia. It is located approximately 500 metres from Tallinn Airport, to which it has been connected by a tramline since 2017.

The station is served by the trains of the Estonian government-owned passenger train operator, Elron. Express trains from Tallinn Baltic Station stop at Ülemiste on the way to Tartu and Narva, and there is a commuter service to stations on the line to Aegviidu.

Aegviidu
Aegviidu is a borough in Anija Parish, Harju County, Estonia, most known for its picturesque surroundings and hiking trails.

The borough is situated along the Tallinn-Narva railway and Piibe road, housing both the Aegviidu TV Mast (107m) and the terminus of the Tallinn-Aegviidu railway line.

As of November 22, 2022, the borough had a population of 695.
Alex Orji
Alexander Orji (born November 10, 2003) is an American college football quarterback for the UNLV Rebels. He previously played for the Michigan Wolverines, where he won a national championship in 2023 as a backup, and started three games in 2024.

UNLV Rebels football
The UNLV Rebels football program is a college football team that represents the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference, which is a Division I Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program, which began on September 14, 1968, plays its home games at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada.
Taurangakautuku River
The Taurangakautuku River is a river of the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows northeast from the northern foothills of the Raukumara Range to reach the Awatere River eight kilometres southwest of Te Araroa.

Te Araroa (town)
Te Araroa is a town in the Gisborne District of the North Island of New Zealand. It is 175 km north of Gisborne city, along State Highway 35 between Tokata and Awatere. It is 100 metres from its local beach. Te Araroa is the birthplace of noted Māori politician Sir Āpirana Ngata. Māori in the area are mostly associated with the Ngāti Porou iwi.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the long path" for Te Araroa.

The township has a medical centre, general store, takeaways, fire station and police station. In 2006 the local pub, the Kawakawa Hotel was ravaged by a major fire. Recreational facilities include a children's playground, skate park and rugby domain.
Hans Yost Creek
Hans Yost Creek is a tributary of Deep Creek in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 3.4 miles (5.5 km) long and flows through Foster Township and Barry Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of 3.52 square miles (9.1 km2). The creek is designated as an impaired waterbody, with the causes being metals and pH and the probable source being abandoned mine drainage. It has no named tributaries, but two abandoned mine discharges flow into it. The creek's watershed was extensively mined in the late 1800s and early 1900s, but the only remaining active mining permits are for remining.

Barry Township, Pennsylvania
Barry Township is a township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. Formed in 1822, it is named for American Revolutionary War Commander John Barry and was formed from parts of Norwegian and Schuylkill Townships.
Polypremum
Polypremum is a flowering plant genus in the family Tetrachondraceae. The genus contains the single species Polypremum procumbens, commonly known as juniperleaf or rustweed. Polypremum has also been placed in the various families Buddlejaceae, Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae, and most recently in its own Polypremaceae.

Polypremum procumbens is a perennial or annual forb/herb, and grows low with sometimes multiple ascending stems producing small white flowers that bloom in summer and fall.  Leaves are opposite, 1–2.5 cm, narrow, and pointed at the end. The foliage turns a brownish red in autumn.

Polypremum procumbens is native to the eastern USA excluding New England, south to Central America and the West Indies, with occurrences in South America. It has been introduced in the Pacific basin and Australia, often occurring along roads and airstrips. In its southeastern USA range it is common in coastal plain and piedmont regions, growing in disturbed areas, and rare in the mountains.

Ruderal species
A ruderal species is a plant species that is first to colonize disturbed lands. The disturbance may be natural –  for example, wildfires or avalanches – or the consequences of human activities, such as construction (of roads, of buildings, mining, etc.) or agriculture (abandoned fields, irrigation, etc.).

The term ruderal originates from the Latin word rudus, meaning "rubble".

Ruderal species typically dominate the disturbed area for a few years, gradually losing the competition to other native species. However, in extreme disturbance circumstances, such as when the natural topsoil is covered with a foreign substance, a single-species ruderal community may become permanently established. In addition, some ruderal invasive species may have such a competitive advantage over the native species that they, too, may permanently prevent a disturbed area from returning to its original state despite natural topsoil.
Transportation in Appalachia
The Appalachian region has always had to allocate much resources and time into transportation due to the region's notable and unique geography. Mountainous terrain and commonly occurring adverse weather effects such as heavy fog and snowfall made roads hazardous and taxing on the traveling vehicles. Initially, European settlers found gaps in the mountains, among them the Cumberland Gap and the Wilderness Road. Another notable challenge of Appalachian travel is the political elements of constructing transportation routes. Most travel systems are funded by municipalities, but since The Appalachian area has several different states it can be difficult for the various governments to agree on how to work on transportation. The most influential forms of travel in the Appalachian region are based on water trading routes, roads and railroads.

Monongahela River
The Monongahela River (/məˌnɒŋɡəˈhiːlə/ mə-NONG-gə-HEE-lə, /-ˈheɪ-/ -⁠HAY-), sometimes referred to locally as the Mon (/mɒn/), is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania. The river flows from the confluence of its west and east forks in north-central West Virginia northeasterly into southwestern Pennsylvania, then northerly to Pittsburgh and its confluence with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The river includes a series of locks and dams that makes it navigable.
Han (Chinese surname)
Han (simplified Chinese: 韩; traditional Chinese: 韓; pinyin: Hán) is a common Chinese surname. The spelling "Han" is based on China's pinyin system and so used throughout Mainland China. Spelling can vary from 'Hon' in Cantonese-speaking areas to 'Hang' in Hainan. It is the 15th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.
In 2003, Han (韩) is ranked 25th in China in terms of the number of bearers at around 8 million persons. In 2019 it was the 28th most common surname in Mainland China.

Less common Chinese surnames romanized as Han include: 寒 (Hán) and 汉/漢 (Hàn).

Han Youwen
Han Youwen (simplified Chinese: 韩有文; traditional Chinese: 韓有文; pinyin: Hán Yǒuwén; Wade–Giles: Han Yu-wen; October 1912 – February 22, 1998) was an ethnic Salar Muslim General in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, born in Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai. His Muslim name was Muhammad Habibullah (穆罕默德·海比不拉海).
Třeština
Třeština (German: Trittschein) is a municipality and village in Šumperk District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Třeština lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Šumperk, 32 km (20 mi) north-west of Olomouc, and 185 km (115 mi) east of Prague.

Olomouc Region
Olomouc Region (Czech: Olomoucký kraj; German: Olmützer Region, pronounced [ˈɔlmʏt͡sɐ ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Polish: Kraj ołomuniecki) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (Morava) and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia (České Slezsko). It is named for its capital Olomouc.

Olomouc region borders with the Moravian-Silesian Region (in the east), Zlín Region (in the south-east), South Moravian Region (in the south-west) and Pardubice Region (in the west). Furthermore, the region shares a 104 km long border with Poland (in the north).
Manhattan Trade School for Girls
The Manhattan Trade School for Girls was a New York City public high school founded in 1902 by Mary Schenck Woolman, and was the first vocational school for female students established in the United States. It was established by philanthropic reformers to provide training for young women to work in trades such as garment factory work. It was originally located on West 14th Street, but was moved to East 23rd Street in 1906–1907. To accommodate growing enrollment, a new building was constructed and designed by C. B. J. Snyder in 1915 at 127 East 22nd Street. The building now houses The School of the Future, a New York City public middle school and high school.

23rd Street (Manhattan)
23rd Street is a broad thoroughfare in the New York City borough of Manhattan, one of the major two-way, east-west streets in the borough's grid. As with Manhattan's other "crosstown" streets, it is divided into its east and west sections at Fifth Avenue. The street runs from Avenue C and FDR Drive in the east to Eleventh Avenue in the west.

23rd Street was created under the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. The street hosts several famous hotels, including the Fifth Avenue Hotel and Hotel Chelsea, as well as many theaters. Several skyscrapers are located on 23rd Street, including the Flatiron Building, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, and One Madison.
Baghi Sipahi (1986 film)
Baghi Sipahi (Punjabi: باغی سپاہی) is a 1986 Pakistani, action and musical film directed and produced by Fiaz Sheikh. The film, starring actors Sultan Rahi, Mumtaz, Mustafa Qureshi, Aasia and Afzaal Ahmed.

Shahmukhi
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. 'from the Shah's or King's mouth', Gurmukhī: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan. It is generally written in the Nastaʿlīq calligraphic hand, which is also used for Persian and Urdu. Shahmukhi is one of the two standard scripts used for Punjabi, the other being Gurmukhī used mainly in Punjab, India. Shahmukhi is written from right to left and has 36 primary letters with some other additional letters.
Bea (surname)
Bea is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aisling Bea (born 1984), Irish actor, comedian, and writer

Augustin Bea (1881–1968), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church

Carlos Bea (born 1934), American federal judge

José Beá (born 1942), Spanish comic book artist

José Alfredo Bea (born 1969), Spanish sprint canoer

Nancy Bea (1936–2025), American stadium organist

Sebastian Bea (born 1977), American rower

Augustin Bea
Augustin Bea SJ (28 May 1881 – 16 November 1968) was a German Jesuit priest, cardinal, and scholar at the Pontifical Gregorian University, specialising in biblical studies and biblical archaeology. He also served as the personal confessor of Pope Pius XII.

He was made a cardinal in 1959 by Pope John XXIII and served as the first president of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity from 1960 until his death. Bea was a leading biblical scholar and ecumenist, who greatly influenced Christian-Jewish relations during the Second Vatican Council in Nostra aetate. Bea published several books, mostly in Latin, and 430 articles.
Piercetown, County Wexford
Piercetown, or Piercestown, (Irish: Baile an Phiarsaigh) is a village in County Wexford, Ireland. It is 6 km (4 mi) south of the centre of Wexford town. As at October 2025, bus route 390 operates a few times a day to Wexford town.

County Wexford
County Wexford (Irish: Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella (Uí Ceinnsealaigh), whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 163,527 at the 2022 census.
Chen Lin (Ming dynasty)
Chen Lin (simplified Chinese: 陈璘; traditional Chinese: 陳璘; Korean: 진린 Jin Lin; 1543–1607), courtesy name Chaojue (朝爵), born in Shaoguan, Guangdong, was a Chinese general and navy admiral of the Ming dynasty.

Chen quelled local uprisings in Guangdong and Guizhou. As commander in chief in the Battle of Noryang, he also led the Ming navy to win the Imjin War alongside Joseon Korea and defeat the Japanese army led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He then became the founder of the Gwangdong Jin clan, one of the Korean Jin clans when he immigrated to Korea after the war due to his respect for Yi Sun-shin.

Chen Lin is considered a hero in both Korea and China for helping win the Imjin War with Korea and defeating the Japanese army alongside Korean forces. Today, his descendants are spread across South China and Korea.

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 陸上自衛隊, Hepburn: Rikujō Jieitai), JGSDF (陸自, Rikuji), also referred to as the Japanese Army, is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three service branches.

New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct the Self-Defense Forces away from their Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a new focus on China, especially in respect of the dispute over the Senkaku Islands.

The JGSDF operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The present chief of staff is General Yasunori Morishita. The JGSDF numbered 247,000 soldiers in 2025.