hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gateway (telecommunications)
A gateway is a piece of networking hardware or software used in telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another. Gateways are distinct from routers or switches in that they communicate using more than one protocol to connect multiple networks and can operate at any of the seven layers of the OSI model.

The term gateway can also loosely refer to a computer or computer program configured to perform the tasks of a gateway, such as a default gateway or router, and in the case of HTTP, gateway is also often used as a synonym for reverse proxy. It can also refer to a device installed in homes that combines router and modem functionality into one device, used by ISPs, also called a residential gateway.

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
October 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 10 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 12

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 24 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 11th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on September 28.

Lier, Belgium
Lier (Dutch: [liːr] ⓘ; French: Lierre [ljɛʁ] ⓘ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. It is composed of the city of Lier proper and the village of Koningshooikt. The city centre is surrounded by the river Nete, around which it grew. In 2018, Lier had a total population of 35,712. The total area is 49.70 km2 making a population density (PD) of 720 per km2. Lier is known for its beers (which include Caves), its patron saint St. Gummarus and Lierse vlaaikes cake. It is also home to the world headquarters of Van Hool, a global bus and coach manufacturer. Lier's two principal football clubs are K. Lyra-Lierse and Lierse Kempenzonen (formerly known as KFC Oosterzonen, which moved to Lier in 2018).
Shallam Dyke Marshes, Thurne
Shallam Dyke Marshes, Thurne is a 69.8-hectare (172-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Norwich in Norfolk, England. It is part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation.

This is grazing marsh in the valley of the River Thurne, and it is important for waders such as lapwings, oystercatchers and snipe. There are a variety of water plants such as the rare water soldier.

Eurasian oystercatcher
The Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), also known as the common pied oystercatcher, or (in Europe) just oystercatcher, is a wader in the oystercatcher bird family Haematopodidae. It has striking black and white plumage, a long straight orange-red bill, red eyes and relatively short dull pink legs. The sexes are similar in appearance but the bill of the female is longer than that of the male.

It is the most widespread of the oystercatchers, with four subspecies breeding in western Europe, central Eurosiberia, Kamchatka, China, and the western coast of Korea. No other oystercatcher occurs within this area.
Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's 50 metre freestyle S2
The men's 50 metre freestyle S2 event at the 2012 Paralympic Games took place on 7 September, at the London Aquatics Centre.

Two heats were held, both with six swimmers. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

S2 (classification)
S2, SB1, SM2 are para-swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. People in this class have limited use of their arms, and no or extremely limited use of their hands, legs and trunk. Swimmers in this class have a variety of different disabilities including cerebral palsy and amputations.

Swimmers in this class have a number of events they can participate in including  the  50m and 100m Freestyle, 200m Freestyle, 50m Backstroke, 50m Butterfly, 50m Breaststroke and 150m Individual Medley events.
Family support
Family support is the support of families with a member with a disability, which may include a child, an adult, or even the parent in the family. In the United States, family support neighbors, families, and friends, "paid services" through specialist agencies providing an array of services termed "family support services", school or parent services for special needs such as respite care, specialized child care or peer companions, or cash subsidies, tax deductions or other financial subsidies. Family support has been extended to different population groups in the US and worldwide. Family support services are currently a "community services and funding" stream in New York and the US which has had variable "application" based on disability groups, administrating agencies, and even, regulatory and legislative intent.

Legislative intent
In law, the legislative intent of the legislature in enacting legislation may sometimes be considered by the judiciary to interpret the law (see judicial interpretation). The judiciary may attempt to assess legislative intent where legislation is ambiguous or does not appear to directly, adequately address a particular issue, or appears to have been a legislative drafting error.

The courts have repeatedly held that when a statute is clear and unambiguous, the inquiry into legislative intent ends at that point. It is only when a statute could be interpreted in more than one fashion that legislative intent must be inferred from sources other than the actual text of the statute.
Hamburg, California
Hamburg (formerly Hamburg Bar) is an unincorporated community in Siskiyou County, California, United States. The community is along the Klamath River and California State Route 96 22 miles (35 km) west of Yreka, just downstream from the confluence of the Scott and Klamath Rivers.

Hamburg was an important mining town in the 1850s, with several businesses including saloons and stores.  A few private residences remain in the area today.

Yreka, California
Yreka (/waɪˈriːkə/ wy-REE-kə) is a city in and the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States, near the Shasta River; the city has an area of about 10 square miles (26 km2), most of it land. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,807 reflecting an increase from 7,765 counted in the 2010 census. Yreka is home to the College of the Siskiyous, Klamath National Forest Interpretive Museum and the Siskiyou County Museum.
Cole Channel
Cole Channel (67°22′S 67°50′W﻿ / ﻿67.367°S 67.833°W﻿ / -67.367; -67.833) is a marine channel running north–south between Wright Peninsula, Adelaide Island, and Wyatt Island, Laubeuf Fjord, off the Loubet Coast, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1984 after Captain Maurice John Cole, Senior Master of the British Antarctic Survey ship Bransfield from 1975. Cole did previous Antarctic service as an officer on the John Biscoe and the Shackleton, for several seasons between 1960 and 1972.

Cole Channel could be considered a part of Laubeuf Fjord, as these water bodies are not clearly separated.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Russell Taylor (architect)
Russell Taylor is a British architect who has designed and worked on a variety of building types, designing in the style known as New Classical Architecture, which follows the Classical tradition. He formed Russell Taylor Architects in 2005 and has offices in London and Cornwall.

Grosvenor Square
Grosvenor Square (/ˈɡroʊvənər/ GROH-vən-ər) is a large garden square in the Mayfair district of Westminster, Greater London. It is the centrepiece of the Mayfair property of the Duke of Westminster, and takes its name from the duke's surname "Grosvenor". It was developed for fashionable residences in the 18th century.  In the 20th it had an American and Canadian diplomatic presence, and currently is mixed use, commercial.
Tsuwano Station
Tsuwano Station (津和野駅, Tsuwano-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of  Tsuwano, Kanoashi District, Shimane Prefecture,  Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Kanoashi District, Shimane
Kanoashi (鹿足郡, Kanoashi-gun) is a district located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 17,879 and a density of 27.79 inhabitants per square kilometer (72.0/sq mi). The total area is 643.38 km2 (248.41 sq mi).
Altham (car)
Altham was an automobile manufactured from 1898 to 1899, in Fall River, Massachusetts, United States. It was designed by George J. Altham, and manufactured by Altham International Motor Car Company, which was based in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Petrol engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine that runs on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher octane rating, as sold at petrol stations.

Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which run on diesel fuel and typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio.
2023 Veneto Classic
The 2023 Veneto Classic was the 3rd edition of the Veneto Classic single-day cycling race. It was held on 15 October 2023, over a distance of 196.25 km, starting in Mel and ending in Bassano del Grappa.

The race was won by Davide Formolo of UAE Team Emirates.

Bassano del Grappa
Bassano del Grappa (Venetian: Basan or Bassan, pronounced [baˈsaŋ]) is a city and comune, in the Vicenza province, in the region of Veneto, in northern Italy. It bounds the communes of Cassola, Marostica, Solagna, Pove del Grappa, Romano d'Ezzelino, Valbrenta, Lusiana Conco, Rosà, Cartigliano and Nove. Some neighbourhoods of these communes have become in practice a part of the urban area of Bassano, so that the population of the whole conurbation totals around 70,000 people.

The 16th-century painter Jacopo Bassano was born, worked, and died in Bassano, and took the town name as his own surname.
Question Period (TV program)
Question Period (sometimes abbreviated QP) is a Canadian television newsmagazine which airs weekly, currently excluding the summer months, on CTV Sundays at 11:00 AM ET/8:00 AM PT. It also airs on the CTV News Channel at 5:00 PM ET. The program, which takes its name from the parliamentary process of Question Period, is an interview and panel discussion program on Canadian politics, similar to an American Sunday morning talk show.

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Frederickson
Frederickson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Frederickson (born 1944), American politician

Dennis Frederickson (born 1939), American politician

Dennis C. Frederickson (1931–2017), American politician

Elizabeth Diane Frederickson Diane Downs (born 1955), American convicted murderer

Gray Frederickson (1937–2022), American film producer

H. George Frederickson (1934–2020), American academic

Mark Frederickson (born 1960), American soccer player

Megan Frederickson, Canadian evolutionary biologist

Tucker Frederickson (born 1943), American football player

H. George Frederickson
H. George Frederickson (July 17, 1934 – July 24, 2020)  was born in Twin Falls, Idaho. He was a generalist in the field of public administration with particular interests in public things, theories of public administration, systems of multi-level governance, and American local government. He served as the Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor of Public Administration at the University of Kansas. He was President Emeritus of Eastern Washington University until 1987 Archived 2013-04-15 at the Wayback Machine and served as President of the American Society for Public Administration] (ASPA). Frederickson was the founding editor of the Journal of Public Affairs Education (JPAE) and was founder and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (JPART).
Akriti Kakar
Akriti Kakar is an Indian singer and composer. Her songs, "Saturday Saturday" from the film Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania and "Iski Uski" from 2 States became popular. Akriti was a judge on Zee Bangla's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa: Li'l Champs and was going to appear on Colors TV's Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa.

2 States (2014 film)
2 States is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy-drama film directed by Abhishek Varman and produced by Karan Johar and Sajid Nadiadwala. Based on Chetan Bhagat's 2009 novel of the same name with the story rewritten by Varman and Bhagat, the film stars Arjun Kapoor and Alia Bhatt with Amrita Singh, Ronit Roy, Revathi and Shiv Kumar Subramaniam in supporting roles.

Distributed by UTV Motion Pictures, 2 States opened in global cinemas on 18 April 2014. Praised for its music, cast performances, story and direction, the film earned ₹175 crore (US$21 million) in worldwide markets, thus emerging as a critical and commercial success. It is Kapoor's biggest commercial success to date. At the 60th Filmfare Awards, 2 States received 8 nominations, including Best Film, Best Director (Varman), Best Supporting Actor (Roy) and Best Supporting Actress (Singh), and won 2 awards – Best Music Director (Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy) and Best Debut Director (Varman).
2018 Koblenz Open – Doubles
Hans Podlipnik-Castillo and Andrei Vasilevski were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Romain Arneodo and Tristan-Samuel Weissborn won the title after defeating Sander Arends and Antonio Šančić 6–7(4–7), 7–5, [10–6] in the final.

Hans Podlipnik Castillo
Hans Podlipnik Castillo (Latin American Spanish: [ˈxans poðliβˈnik kasˈtiʝo]; born 9 January 1988) is a Chilean retired tennis player of Slovenian descent. His best results are in doubles, winning one ATP Tour and reaching another final in this category. He also won 19 Challengers and 29 Futures in doubles and 23 Futures in singles, reaching in 2015 the final of the Poprad-Tatry Challenger.

Since 2015, Podlipnik focused his career on doubles, ranking world No. 43 in February 2018. He finished the 2014 season as the Chilean top singles player, ranked No. 196. and again in 2015 as No. 167. He reached his best singles ranking in August 2015, at No. 157. In November 2019, after his participation with the Chile Davis Cup Team at the 2019 Davis Cup Finals, he announced his retirement.

Post retirement, Podlipnik has become a successful tennis coach in Seattle, Washington.

Some of his notable students include

Anh Lao

Chilean Davis Cup team
Ibn Ata Allah al-Iskandari
'Ibn ʿAṭāʾ Allāh al-Iskandarī, or al-Sakandarī (in full, Tāj al-Dīn Abū'l-Faḍl Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn ʿAbd al-Rahmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿĪsā ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAṭāʾ Allāh al-Judhāmī al-Iskandarī, Arabic: تاج الدين أبو الفضل أحمد بن محمد بن عبد الكريم بن عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن أحمد بن عيسى بن الحسين بن عطاء الله الجذامي السكندري) was an Egyptian Maliki jurist, muhaddith and the third murshid (spiritual "guide" or "master") of the Shadhiliyya Sufi order after his teacher Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi.

Muhaddith
A muhaddith (Arabic: ْمُحَدِّث) is a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths, which are the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The role of a muhaddith is central to the science of hadith (ʻilm al-ḥadīth), a key field for understanding and preserving Islamic teachings and laws. Muhaddith can either disseminate the hadiths or compile them into an ahadith.
Corythoxestis aletreuta
Corythoxestis aletreuta is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ethiopia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.

The larvae feed on Canthium, Coffea arabica, Coffea liberica and Coffea robusta. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Coffea canephora
Coffea canephora (especially C. canephora var. robusta, syn. Coffea robusta, or commonly robusta coffee) is a species of coffee plant that has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. It is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. Though widely known as Coffea robusta, the plant is scientifically identified as Coffea canephora, which has two main varieties, robusta and nganda.

Coffea canephora represents between 40% and 45% of global coffee production, with Coffea arabica constituting most of the remainder. There are several differences between the composition of coffee beans from C. arabica and C. canephora. Beans from C. canephora tend to have lower acidity, more bitterness, and a more woody and less fruity flavor compared to C. arabica beans. Most of it is used for instant coffee.
Lyte (surname)
Lyte is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Lyte (1989–), English cyclist

Eliphalet Oram Lyte (1842–1913), American educator

Farnham Maxwell-Lyte (1828–1906), English chemist and photographic pioneer

Henry Lyte (botanist) (1529–1607), English botanist and antiquary

Henry Francis Lyte (1793–1847), Anglican divine and hymn-writer

Henry Maxwell Lyte (1848–1940), Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, 1886–1926, and historian

Lavinia Lyte, fictional character in the novel Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes

Lyte, a band member of Delta-S

MC Lyte, stage name of rap artist Lana Michele Moorer (b 1971)

Farnham Maxwell-Lyte
Farnham Maxwell-Lyte  FRSC (sometimes Farnham Maxwell Lyte) (10 January 1828 – 4 March 1906) was an English chemist and the pioneer of a number of techniques in photographic processing. As a photographer he is known for his views of the French Pyrenees.
Douglas Robinson Jr.
Douglas Robinson Jr. (January 3, 1855 – September 12, 1918) was an American businessman who was married to Corinne Roosevelt, a sister of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and an aunt of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.

Ward McAllister
Samuel Ward McAllister (December 28, 1827 – January 31, 1895) was a popular arbiter of social taste in the Gilded Age of America, widely accepted as the authority to which families could be classified as the cream of New York society (The Four Hundred). His listings were questioned by those excluded from them, and his self-aggrandizement motivation was noted.
Wakimoto Castle
Wakimoto Castle (脇本城, Wakimoto-jō) is a Sengoku period Japanese castle located in Oga, Akita Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of Japan.  The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1979.

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.
Fahad Hadeed
Fahad Salim Hadid Obaid Ghraib (Arabic: فهد سالم حديد عبيد غريب; born 7 July 1993), commonly known as Fahad Hadeed, is an Emirati footballer who played as a winger for UAE First Division League club Masfout and former the UAE national under-20 football team.

Hadeed used to play for Al Sharjah SC since his youth years. He was released on a free transfer following a dispute with the club, he then signed a new contract with Al Wasl FC in December 2011.

Al Wasl F.C.
Al-Wasl Football Club (Arabic: نادي الوصل لكرة القدم) is an Emirati professional football club based in Zabeel, Dubai that competes in the UAE Pro League.

The club plays its home games at Zabeel Stadium. Al-Wasl is amongst the most successful teams in the UAE, winning eight league titles since its establishment, with its most recent in 2024.

The club gained significant international attention in 2011 and 2012, while Diego Maradona was the club's head coach.
Hisonotus hungy
Hisonotus hungy is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the arroyo of Tirica, which is part of the Paraná River basin in Misiones, Argentina. It is found in vegetated parts of Tirica (including those populated with introduced conifers as well as those with native vegetation) and reaches 4.2 cm (1.7 in) SL.

Arroyo (watercourse)
An arroyo (/ə.ˈrɔɪ.oʊ/, from the Spanish arroyo (Spanish: [aˈroʝo], "brook") or wash is a dry watercourse that temporarily or seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain. Flash floods are common in arroyos following thunderstorms. It is akin to the Catalan rambla, which stems from the Arabic rámla, "dry river".

Similar landforms are referred to as wadi (in North Africa and Western Asia), chapp in the Gobi, laagate in the Kalahari, donga in South Africa, nullah in India, fiumare in Italy, and dry valley in England.

The desert dry wash biome is restricted to the arroyos of the southwestern United States. Arroyos provide a water source to desert animals.
Triadic-line poetry
Triadic-line poetry or stepped line is a long line which "unfolds into three descending and indented parts". Created by William Carlos Williams, it was his "solution to the problem of modern verse" and later was also taken up by poets Charles Tomlinson and Thom Gunn.

Thom Gunn
Thomson William "Thom" Gunn (29 August 1929 – 25 April 2004) was an English poet who was praised for his early verses in England, where he was associated with The Movement, and his later poetry in America, where he adopted a looser, free-verse style. He wrote about his experience moving to San Francisco from England. He received numerous literary honours. His poems are reputed to possess a restrained elegance of philosophy.