hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme
Thiers (French pronunciation: [tjɛːʁ] ⓘ; Auvergnat: Tièrn) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department of Auvergne in central France. With Ambert, Issoire and Riom, it is one of the department's four sub-prefectures. The district of Thiers consists of forty-three municipalities in six cantons. Its inhabitants are known as Thiernois or Bitords.

Thiers is a major historical centre of knife manufacturing, with about one hundred companies and a cutlery museum; seventy percent of French pocketknives, kitchen and table knives are manufactured in Thiers. The knowledge and craft of the Thiernois cutlers are over seven centuries old, and many of the old watermills that were used to manufacture Thiernois knives can still be seen in the Vallée des Rouets.

The city extends over 7 kilometres (4+1⁄4 miles) on a rocky spur overhanging the nearby mountains and the villages. It is divided into two sections: the lower city (home to many hypermarkets) and the upper, medieval city.

Canton (administrative division)
A canton is a type of administrative division of a country.  In general, cantons are relatively small in terms of area and population when compared with other administrative divisions, such as counties, departments, or provinces. Internationally, the most politically important cantons are the Swiss cantons. As the constituents of the Swiss Confederation, theoretically and historically, they are semi-sovereign states.

The term is derived from the French word canton, meaning "corner" or "district" (from which "cantonment" is also derived).
Wasik
Wasik or Wąsik is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandra Śląska, born Aleksandra Wąsik (1925–1989), Polish film actress

Antoni Wąsik (1886–1956), Polish socialist and trade union activist

Bill Wasik, American magazine editor

Edmund Wąsik (1883–1946), Polish social and trade union activist, politician, railwayman, member of the Sejm in the Second Polish Republic

Elżbieta Magdalena Wąsik (born 1961), Polish linguist

Jarosław Wasik (born 1971), Polish singer-songwriter

Maciej Wąsik (born 1969), Polish politician

Ryszard Wasik (1931–2021), Polish politician and shipping captain

Stanisław Wąsik (born 1940), Polish politician, member of the Sejm

Stanisław Wąsik (1908–2004), Polish socialist and independence activist, served in the Polish Armed Forces, chairman of the Central Foreign Committee of the Polish Socialist Party

Zdzisław Wąsik (born 1947), Polish linguist and semiotician

Antoni Wąsik
Antoni Wąsik (born 24 February 1886 in Warsaw, died 19 May 1956) was a Polish socialist and trade union activist, Siberian exile, and pro-Stalin prisoner. He was the father of Stanisław Wąsik, an activist of the Polish Socialist Party in exile.
Tiziana Margaria
Tiziana Margaria (born 14 October 1964) is an Italian computer scientist and software engineer whose research topics include formal methods and model-driven engineering. Educated in Italy, she has worked in Italy, Germany, Sweden, and Ireland, and currently works in Ireland as Chair of Software Systems in the University of Limerick's Department of Computer Science and Information Systems.

Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.
Cèsar Puig
Cèsar Puig i Casañas (born 1956) is a Spanish politician, jurist and academic. Between 30 June 15 and 27 October 2017 was the Secretary-General of the Ministry of the Interior of the Catalan regional government.

Public Administration School of Catalonia
The Public Administration School of Catalonia is a public organisation, founded in 1912 by Enric Prat de la Riba, currently falls under the Ministry of Governance and Public Administration of the Generalitat of Catalonia. At that time, it was the second European school dedicated to research and training in the field of public administration. The first one was settled in Düsseldorf.

Practical and professional training was the main objective for Regenerationism of that time, as well as knowledge in legal and administrative affairs. It was necessary to get public servants trained in all professional fields and adapt the educational system to the new productive needs of the Catalan industrial process and the new local policy, as a means to achieve the cohesion of the Catalan territory.
Gorzyczany
Gorzyczany [ɡɔʐɨˈt͡ʂanɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Samborzec, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Samborzec, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
African banded barb
The African banded barb, Angola barb, blue-barred barb or fire barb (Enteromius fasciolatus) is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae.

It is found mainly in Angola and Zambia, extending into neighboring Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia and Zimbabwe.

Its natural habitats are the upper and middle Zambezi River, the Cunene and Kafue Rivers, the Luapula River and Lake Mweru, the Okavango River, Lake Kariba, and the Zambian Congo River, as well as some of their tributaries.

This species is an aquarium fish of some importance. Lively and peaceful, it does not thrive in high water hardness and needs to be kept in groups.

Hard water
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.

Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits. It can pose critical problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water.

In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of foam formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects.
Philodendron pinnatifidum
Philodendron pinnatifidum, the comb-leaf philodendron, is a species of flowering plant in the Araceae. It is native to Venezuela (Bolívar, Aragua, Miranda, Distrito Federal)  and northwestern Brazil, and reportedly naturalized in Cuba.

Bolívar (state)
Bolívar (Spanish: Estado Bolívar, IPA: [esˈtaðo βoˈliβaɾ]) is the largest of the 23 states of Venezuela in area. The state capital city is Ciudad Bolívar and the largest city is Ciudad Guayana. Bolívar State covers a total surface area of 242,801 km2 (93,746 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,410,964. The state contains Angel Falls.
Competition & Change
Competition & Change is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the fields of political economy, globalization, financialization, global value chains and Critical Management Studies. The editors-in-chief are Hulya Dagdeviren (University of Hertfordshire) and Leo McCann (University of Manchester). In 1995, the journal was released and established in partnership with Maney Publishing. They switched to SAGE Publications in 2015. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus.

Maney Publishing
Maney Publishing was an independent academic publishing company that was taken over by Taylor & Francis in 2015. Maney Publishing specialised in peer-reviewed academic journals in materials science and engineering, the humanities, and health science. Maney published extensively for learned societies, universities, and professional bodies.

As of 2014, Maney published over 150 journals. The company offered an open access option (MORE OpenChoice) to all authors. The company had offices in Leeds and London in the United Kingdom, and in Boston and Philadelphia in the United States.
Edose Ibadin
Edose Ibadin (born 27 February 1993) is a runner who specializes in the 800 metres. Born in the United States, he represents Nigeria internationally.

He finished seventh at the 2018 African Championships. He competed at the 2017 World Championships, the 2019 African Games and the 2019 World Championships without reaching the final.

His personal best time is 1:44.65 minutes, achieved in Washington, D.C. in July 2023. This is the current Nigerian record.

He ran collegiately for the Hampton Pirates and then attended graduate school at Towson University from 2016 to 2018 while training with the District Track Club. Competing in the 2016 US Olympic trials as "unattached", he later changed allegiance to Nigeria.

2019 World Athletics Championships – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres at the 2019 World Athletics Championships was held at the Khalifa International Stadium in Doha from 28 September to 1 October 2019.

The winning margin was 1.13 seconds which as of 2024 remains the only time the men's 800 metres has been won by more than a second at these championships.
L'Île-Dorval
L'Île-Dorval (French pronunciation: [lil dɔʁval] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is coterminous with Dorval Island (French: Île Dorval), an island in Lake Saint-Louis off the Island of Montreal.  It lies a short distance offshore from the city of Dorval and is connected with a seasonal ferry service.

A cottaging spot, it had only 30 permanent residents as of the Canada 2021 Census, making it one of the smallest municipalities in Canada, both in terms of area and population. In the 2001 census the official population had dropped to zero, according to Statistics Canada. However, because not only permanent residents but also property owners are eligible to vote in municipal elections in Quebec, there were 50 registered voters in 2004.

2001 Canadian census
The 2001 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population.  Census day was May 15, 2001.  On that day, Statistics Canada attempted to count every person in Canada.  The total population count of Canada was 30,007,094.  This was a 4% increase over 1996 census of 28,846,761.  In contrast, the official Statistics Canada population estimate for 2001 was 31,021,300.  This is considered a more accurate population number than the actual count.

The previous census was the 1996 census and the following census was in 2006 census.
Uwe Stickert
Uwe Stickert (born in Sonneberg, East Germany) is a German opera singer (tenor). After his education at the Musik-Gymnasium Belvedere and the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt, Weimar, he started with lyric tenor repertory such as Tamino in The Magic Flute and Belmont in Die Entführung aus dem Serail at the Theater Heidelberg and the Nationaltheater Weimar.

Deutsches Nationaltheater und Staatskapelle Weimar
The Deutsches Nationaltheater und Staatskapelle Weimar (DNT), or German National Theater and Weimar State Orchestra, is the most significant arts organization in Weimar. The institution unites the Deutsches Nationaltheater (German National Theater) with the Staatskapelle Weimar (Weimar State Orchestra). It plays on a total of six stages across the city. All sections of the theater and orchestra periodically give additional guest performances and appear in electronic media.
Devdaraki
Devdaraki (Georgian: დევდარაკი) is a valley glacier located on the northeastern slope of Mt. Kazbek.  The length of the glacier is 5.5 km (3.4 mi) and its surface area is 7.13 km2 (2.75 sq mi). The tongue of the Devdaraki Glacier descends to 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) above sea level.  Devdaraki is known for its intense surging properties that have caused significant destruction in the past (particularly from the late 18th to the late 19th centuries). The glacier surges have led to catastrophic mudflows in the Dariali Gorge which have, on several occasions damaged the Georgian Military Highway. A massive collapse of the glacier on August 20, 2014, led to the death of seven people. The Devdaraki Glacier is the source of the River Kabakhi (left tributary of the Terek River).

Darial Gorge
The Darial Gorge is a river gorge on the border between Russia and Georgia. It is at the east base of Mount Kazbek, south of present-day Vladikavkaz. The gorge was carved by the river Terek, and is approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) long. The steep granite walls of the gorge can be as much as 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) tall in some places. The Georgian Military Road runs through the gorge.
Flat Out (horse)
Flat Out (foaled 21 March 2006) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse and prospective breeding stallion. Bred in Florida, he won nine of his twenty-nine races in a track career which lasted from November 2008 until November 2013. He produced many of his best performances at Belmont Park, where he won the Jockey Club Gold Cup in 2011 and 2012, the Suburban Handicap in 2011 and 2013 and the Westchester Stakes in 2013. His only major win at another track came on his final racecourse appearance when he defeated a strong field in the Cigar Mile Handicap at Aqueduct Racetrack.

Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort
Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort, formerly Oaklawn Park Race Track, is an American thoroughbred racetrack and casino in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States. It is the home to "The Racing Festival of the South", a four-day series of races that concludes with the Arkansas Derby.

In 2017, Oaklawn was ranked fifth among thoroughbred racetracks in North America by the Horseplayers Association of North America.

In 2015, a pair of victories at Oaklawn put American Pharoah on the path to becoming American Horse of the Year and the first Triple Crown winner in 37 years.
Dog Sees God: Confessions of a Teenage Blockhead
Dog Sees God: Confessions of a Teenage Blockhead is a 2004 American play written by Bert V. Royal.

An "unauthorized continuation," the play reimagines characters from the comic strip Peanuts as degenerate teenagers. Substance abuse, eating disorders, teen violence, rebellion, sexual relations and identity are among the issues covered in this homage to the works of Charles M. Schulz.

The Lowry
Lowry is a theatre and gallery complex at Salford Quays, Salford, Greater Manchester, England. It is named after the early 20th-century painter L. S. Lowry, known for his paintings of industrial scenes in North West England. The complex opened on 28 April 2000 and was officially opened on 12 October 2000 by Queen Elizabeth II.
Dust cap
The dust cap   (also known as dust dome, or dome) is a gently curved dome mounted either in concave or convex orientation over the central hole of most loudspeaker diaphragms. It protects the inner mechanics (such as the pole pieces and the voice coil) from small particles (which can cause rubs) and other contamination. Dust caps can also contribute structural integrity to the voice coil assembly or the cone.

In some loudspeaker designs, dust caps can also be part of the acoustic design of the driver by radiating high frequency energy or suppressing it. Typically the dust cap is made of the same material as the cone. In some tweeter designs, the dome is in fact the only sound radiating surface and so it performs both roles. Speakers with dust caps are contrasted with bullet speakers which have a pointed phase plug shaped like the front of a bullet in the center of the speaker.

Bullet
A bullet is a kinetic projectile, a component of firearm ammunition that is shot from a gun barrel. They are made of a variety of materials, such as copper, lead, steel, polymer, rubber and even wax; and are made in various shapes and constructions (depending on the intended applications), including specialized functions such as hunting, target shooting, training, and combat. Bullets are often tapered, making them more aerodynamic. Bullet size is expressed by weight and diameter (referred to as "caliber") in both imperial and metric measurement systems. Bullets do not normally contain explosives but strike or damage the intended target by transferring kinetic energy upon impact and penetration.
Rawla Mandi
Rawla Mandi is a town in Rawla Mandi tehsil of Sri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan, India. It is located on Gharsana-Khajuwala road,180 km from district headquarter Sri Ganganagar and 27 km away from Gharsana and 50 km from Anupgarh. The state capital Jaipur is 480 km away, and national capital New Delhi is 500 km away. It is 33 km from Khajuwala  and 122 km from Bikaner. It is 30 km far from Indo-Pak(India-Pakistan) border. Rawla mandi known as 8PSD (B) gram panchayt. Rawla Gaon (10 Kd) Also located in West of rawla mandi

Rawla Mandi tehsil
Rawla Mandi Tehsil is one of the five tehsils from the Anupgarh district in Rajasthan, India. It was carved out of Gharsana tehsil and given the status of tehsil by CM Vasundhara Raje in 2017. Its northern border connects it with Gharsana tehsil of Anupgarh district and  Chhatargarh and Khajuwala tehsil of Bikaner district are in the south. Its western border is connected with Fort Abbas Tehsil.
Ernst Priesner
Ernst Priesner (12 May 1934 – disappeared 19 July 1994) was an Austrian biologist. He pioneered in the field of sex pheromones at the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology in Seewiesen. His entomological main emphasis was on the field of Hymenoptera and butterflies.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
Gas-operated reloading
Gas-operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate locked breech, autoloading firearms. In gas-operation, a portion of high-pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is used to power a mechanism to dispose of the spent case and insert a new cartridge into the chamber. Energy from the gas is harnessed through either a port in the barrel or a trap at the muzzle. This high-pressure gas impinges on a surface such as a piston head to provide motion for unlocking of the action, extraction of the spent case, ejection, cocking of the hammer or striker, chambering of a fresh cartridge, and locking of the action.

Piston
A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder.
Iaai language
Iaai (Iaai pronunciation: [jaːi]) is a language of Ouvéa Island (New Caledonia). It shares the island of Ouvéa with Fagauvea, a Polynesian outlier language.

Iaai is the sixth-most-spoken language of New Caledonia, with 4,078 speakers as of 2009. It is taught in schools in an effort to preserve it.

The language has been studied by linguists Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre and Anne-Laure Dotte.

Polynesian outlier
Polynesian outliers are a number of culturally Polynesian societies that geographically lie outside the main region of Polynesian influence, known as the Polynesian Triangle; instead, Polynesian outliers are scattered in the two other Pacific subregions,  Melanesia and Micronesia.  Based on archaeological and linguistic analysis, these islands are considered to have been colonized by seafaring Polynesians, mostly from the area of Tonga, Samoa and Tuvalu.

The closest Polynesian outliers, Anuta and Tikopia in Solomon Islands, were settled some time between the 10th and 13th centuries and subsequently received multiple waves of Polynesian immigration, while the farthest outlier, Nukuoro in the Federated States of Micronesia, was only settled in the 18th century.
Underwater basket weaving
Underwater basket weaving is an idiom referring pejoratively to supposedly useless or absurd college or university courses and often generally to refer to a perceived decline in educational standards.

The term also serves as an intentionally humorous generic answer to questions about an academic degree. It is also used to humorously refer to any non-academic elective course, specifically one that does not count towards any graduation requirements.

Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense.  Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings of each word inside it.

Idioms occur frequently in all languages. In English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions. Some well known idioms in English are "spill the beans" (meaning "reveal secret information"), "it's raining cats and dogs" (meaning "it's raining intensely"), and "break a leg" (meaning "good luck").
I Don't Blame You at All
"I Don't Blame You At All"  was a 1971 R&B song by The Miracles (also known as Smokey Robinson & The Miracles) on Motown Records' Tamla label. It was composed by Miracles lead singer, William "Smokey" Robinson, produced by Robinson and Terry "Buzzy" Johnson, and was taken from their album, One Dozen Roses. This song was actually the follow-up hit to their #1 smash, "The Tears of a Clown", and reached the Top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100, charting at #18, and the Top 10 of the Billboard R&B chart, peaking at #7. It was also a Top 20 hit in the UK, reaching #11 on the British charts that year. It is also noted as the group's last Top 20 pop hit before Smokey Robinson's departure from The Miracles the following year, and was performed by the group on Dick Clark's American Bandstand on an episode dated July 10, 1971.

American Bandstand
American Bandstand is an American music and dance television program that aired in various versions from 1952 to 1989. Its best-known incarnation was hosted and produced by Dick Clark, who served as the show's primary presenter for over three decades.

The program featured teenagers dancing to popular songs from the Top 40 charts. It was originally broadcast from Philadelphia, where it remained from its debut in 1952 until relocating to Los Angeles in 1963.

During its run, a wide range of musical acts appeared on the show, generally lip-syncing to one of their latest singles. Artists performed for a studio audience while the original recordings played for viewers at home. Freddy Cannon holds the record for the most appearances, with 110.