hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ISO 3166-2:SD
ISO 3166-2:SD is the entry for Sudan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Sudan, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 18 states.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is SD, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Sudan. The second part is two letters.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
East Pacific Center
The East Pacific Center (Chinese: 东海商务广场, Chinese: 東海商務廣場) is a skyscraper complex in Shenzhen, China.  The complex consists of four buildings:

East Pacific Center Tower A is 306 m (1,004 ft) tall with 85 storeys.

East Pacific Center Tower B is 261 m (856 ft) tall with 72 storeys.

East Pacific Center Tower C is 206 m (676 ft) tall with 40 storeys.

East Pacific Center Tower D is 155 m (509 ft) tall with 29 storeys.

Towers A and B are for residential use and are joined by a sky bridge. They were topped out in late 2012 and completed in 2013. Towers C and D are office blocks and were completed in 2010.

As of 2022, Tower A was the tallest residential building in China.

Topping out
In building construction, topping out (also referred to as topping off or roofing ceremony) is a builders' rite traditionally held when the last beam (or its equivalent) is placed at the top of a structure during its construction. Nowadays, the ceremony is often parlayed into a media event for public relations purposes.  It has since come to mean more generally finishing the structure of the building, whether there is a ceremony or not. It is also commonly used to determine the amount of wind on the top of the structure.
1919 PGA Championship
The 1919 PGA Championship was the second PGA Championship, which is now considered one of golf's major championships. It was held September 16–20 at the Engineers Country Club in Roslyn Harbor, New York, east of New York City on Long Island in Nassau County.

The PGA Championship was not held in 1917 or 1918 due to World War I. The field of 32 golfers qualified by sectional tournaments. They competed in 36-hole match play rounds in a single-elimination tournament. Defending champion Jim Barnes defeated Fred McLeod, 6 and 5, in the final.

Fred McLeod (golfer)
Frederick Robertson McLeod (25 April 1882 – 8 May 1976) was a Scottish-born golfer who played primarily in the United States. He had a distinguished career in the United States, which included a victory in the 1908 U.S. Open.
Reza Qoli Khan Ardalan
Reza Qoli Khan Ardalan (1824–1864) was the penultimate Ardalan governor of Kurdistan from 1834 to 1848 at irregular intervals. He was the son and predecessor of Khosrow Khan III. His mother was Walia, a daughter of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834), the Qajar shah (king) of Iran.

Due to his young age, his mother initially managed the affairs of the realm. In an attempt to win over the public, Reza Qoli Khan lowered the tax. In 1835, Mohammad Shah Qajar (r. 1834–1848) sent him to help Bahram Mirza suppress the rebellion of Mohammad-Hossein Mirza, the governor of Kermanshah. In 1838, with the intention of strengthening Qajar authority in Kurdistan, Mohammad Shah gave his sister in marriage to Reza Qoli Khan.

Reza Qoli Khan died in Tehran in 1864.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Slavik Vlado Jablan
Slavik Vlado Jablan (Serbian: Славик Владо Јаблан; 10 June 1952 – 26 February 2015) was a Serbian mathematician and crystallographer. Jablan is known for his contributions to antisymmetry, knot theory, the theory of symmetry and ornament, and ethnomathematics.

Dichromatic symmetry
Dichromatic symmetry, also referred to as antisymmetry, black-and-white symmetry, magnetic symmetry, counterchange symmetry or dichroic symmetry, is a symmetry operation which reverses an object to its opposite. A more precise definition is "operations of antisymmetry transform objects possessing two possible values of a given property from one value to the other." Dichromatic symmetry refers specifically to two-coloured symmetry; this can be extended to three or more colours in which case it is termed polychromatic symmetry. A general term for dichromatic and polychromatic symmetry is simply colour symmetry. Dichromatic symmetry is used to describe magnetic crystals and in other areas of physics, such as time reversal, which require two-valued symmetry operations.
John Graham Hearn
John Graham Hearn (27 December 1929 – 7 August 1980) was a British speed skater who competed in the 1952 Winter Olympics and in the 1956 Winter Olympics. In 1952 he finished tenth in the 10000 metres event, 17th in the 5000 metres competition, and 38th in the 1500 metres contest. Four years later he finished 20th in the 10000 metres event, 26th in the 5000 metres competition, 33rd in the 1500 metres contest, and 45th in the 500 metres event.

Speed skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres
The 5000 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on naturally frozen ice on the Lake Misurina. It was held on Sunday, 29 January 1956, started at 11 a.m. and ended at 3 p.m. Forty-six speed skaters from 17 nations competed.
Shiqi station (Guangzhou Metro)
Shiqi Station (Chinese: 石碁站; Cantonese Yale: Sehkgēi Jaahm) is an elevated station of Line 4 of the Guangzhou Metro. It started operations on 30 December 2006. It is located at the junction of Shilian Road and Jingzhu Expressway in Shiqi Town (石碁镇), Panyu District.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Point of Rocks (Texas)
Point of Rocks also known as Bald Rock,: 26  is a hill and a locale in Jeff Davis County, Texas. Point of Rocks, is an isolated hill with a spring once known as Bald Rock Spring.: 26   It was used as a watering place and campsite on the San Antonio-El Paso Road, 10 miles west of Fort Davis, Texas, now Point of Rocks Roadside Park. The elevation of Point of Rocks Spring, is at 5,469 feet / 1,667 meters, at the foot of the southeast slope of the Point of Rocks that reaches over 5,920 feet along its crest.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
West Indian lanternshark
Sharks portal

The West Indian lanternshark (Etmopterus robinsi) is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found in the western central Atlantic, at depths between 400 and 800 m (1,300 and 2,600 ft).  Its length is up to 31 cm (12 in).

Reproduction is ovoviviparous.

Etmopteridae
The Etmopteridae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as lantern sharks. Their name comes from the presence of light-producing photophores on their bodies. The members of this family are small, under 90 cm (35 in) long, and are found in deep waters worldwide. The 45 species are  placed in five genera. Three-quarters of the species are in the genus Etmopterus.
Siegfried Zielinski
Siegfried Zielinski (born 1951) is a German media theorist. He held the chair for Media Theory: Archaeology and Variantology of the Media at Berlin University of the Arts,  he is Michel Foucault Professor for Techno-Culture and Media Archaeology at the European Graduate School in Saas Fee, and he is director of the International Vilém-Flusser-Archive at the Berlin University of the Arts. In 2016 until March 2018, he succeeded Peter Sloterdijk as head of the Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design.

Saas-Fee
Saas-Fee (German: [zaːsˈfeː]) is the main village in the Saastal, or the Saas Valley, and is a municipality in the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. The village is situated on a high mountain plateau at 1,800 meters (5,900 feet), surrounded by a total of 13 peaks above 4,000 meters (13,123 feet) which is the highest concentration in the Alps, giving the village the nickname the Pearl of the Alps. It is a classic ski resort characterised by well-preserved Swiss wood architecture and a car-free city centre. The villages in its neighbourhood are Saas-Almagell, Saas-Grund and Saas-Balen.
Whisky and Vodka
Whisky y vodka (lit. 'Whisky and vodka') is a 1965 Spanish musical comedy film starring twins Pili and Mili. It was written by Jaime de Armiñán, Mariano Ozores, Manuel Iglesias, Arturo Rigel and Paul Gégauff (credited as Paul Geganf) and directed by Fernando Palacios.

Mariano Ozores
Mariano Ozores Puchol (5 October 1926 – 21 May 2025) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter. He was a prolific specialist in the sex comedy and Francoist comedy.

Ozores was the brother of José Luis Ozores (1923–1968) and Antonio Ozores (1928–2010), and the uncle of actresses Adriana Ozores and Emma Ozores. He was married and had one child.

He directed La que arman las mujeres (1969), Cuatro noches de boda (1969), Tío, ¿de verdad vienen de París? (1977), El liguero mágico (1980), and Agítese antes de usarla (1983).

Ozores died in Madrid on 21 May 2025, at the age of 98.
Straža pri Novi Cerkvi
Straža pri Novi Cerkvi (pronounced [ˈstɾaːʒa pɾi ˈnɔːʋi ˈtseːɾkʋi]) is a settlement in the hills north of Nova Cerkev in the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Vojnik
The Municipality of Vojnik (pronounced [ˈʋoːi̯nik]; Slovene: Občina Vojnik) is a municipality in eastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Vojnik. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Maola
Maola Local Dairies is a dairy company located in Herndon, Virginia, United States. The company was purchased by Maryland & Virginia Milk Producers Cooperative Association, Inc., currently based in Herndon, Virginia, in 2003.

Maola branded products are now made at facilities in High Point, North Carolina; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Landover, Maryland; and Newport News, Virginia.

High Point, North Carolina
High Point is a city in the Piedmont Triad region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. Most of the city is in Guilford County, with parts extending into Randolph, Davidson, and Forsyth counties. As of the 2020 census the city had a total population of 114,059. High Point is the ninth-most populous in North Carolina, the third-largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad, and the 259th-most populous city in the U.S.

Major industries in High Point include furniture, textiles, and bus manufacturing. The city's official slogan is "North Carolina's International City" due to the semi-annual High Point Furniture Market that attracts 100,000 exhibitors and buyers from around the world. It is home to High Point University, a private Methodist-affiliated institution founded in 1924.

The current mayor of High Point is Cyril Jefferson.
WFNX (FM)
WFNX (95.3 FM; "The Otter") was a commercial FM radio station licensed to Grand Marais, Minnesota, United States, and serving the North Shore region. The station aired an adult album alternative format. WFNX broadcast with an ERP of 63,000 watts.

North Shore (Lake Superior)
The North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the western end of the lake, to Thunder Bay and Nipigon, Ontario, Canada, in the north, to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario in the east. The shore is characterized by alternating rocky cliffs and cobblestone beaches, with forested hills and ridges through which scenic rivers and waterfalls descend as they flow to Lake Superior.
Tibbee School
Tibbee School is a historic property in Tibbee, Mississippi in Clay County, Mississippi. It includes a one-room schoolhouse. The school closed in 1933 and the school building had been used for turkeys before being restored. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The school was built in 1861 in what was then Lowndes County, Mississippi. The school is on Tibbee Road. The community of Tibbee had a post office and stores supplying travelers between West Point, Mississippi and Columbus, Mississippi.

Lowndes County, Mississippi
Lowndes County is a county on the eastern border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 58,879. Its county seat is Columbus. The county is named for U.S. Congressman William Jones Lowndes.

Lowndes County comprises the Columbus, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area. Since the late 20th century, it has been designated as one of three counties in the Golden Triangle region of the state.
Sita Subedi
Sita Subedi (Nepali: सीता सुबेदि)  is a Nepalese politician. She was the president of the Nepal Progressive Women's Federation. She also served as a Central Committee member of the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist). She was nominated as a FPTP candidate for the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election. Subedi contested the Kathmandu-9 constituency, but only mustered 55 votes (0.1%).

Ahead of the 2013 Constituent Assembly election, Subedi was nominated as a candidate by the Communist Party of Nepal. She was placed as the top candidate on the Proportional Representation list of the party.

Central committee
A central committee is a political-executive organ designated as the highest organ of a communist party between two congresses. Per the principles of democratic centralism, a central committee is empowered to deal with any issue that falls under the party's purview. While formally retaining this role in socialist states, commonly referred to as communist states by outside observers, in practice, it delegates this authority to numerous smaller internal organs due to the infrequency of its meetings.

The term of a central committee of a ruling communist party is usually five years. The party congress elects individuals to the central committee and holds it accountable. At the first central committee session held immediately after a congress, it elects the party leader, an office usually titled general secretary of the central committee, a political organ, commonly known as the politburo, and an executive organ, customarily named the secretariat.
Edmund Wilson House
Edmund Wilson House is a historic home located at Talcottville in Lewis County, New York. It was built over a four-year period starting in 1789 and is a 2+1⁄2-story limestone building, three bays wide and four bays long.  It was named "The Stone House" by Edmund Wilson, whose family used the house as a summer home and he made it famous in his book Upstate.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Talcottville, New York
Talcottville is a small community in southern Lewis County, New York, United States. It is the seat for the town of Leyden.

Talcottville was the first settlement in Lewis County. William Topping and his family settled in 1793 on what is now the northwest corner of State Route 12D and Domser Road.

Active businesses in the hamlet include the Talcottville Cemetery Association, Fox Den Monuments LLC, Karpinski Water Supply, and portions of three active dairy farms.

The author and critic Edmund Wilson was a summer resident, and wrote Upstate: Records and Recollections of Northern New York (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1971; reprint, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1990), a memoir of his time in Talcottville.
Honda CR series
The Honda CR series was a line of two-stroke off-road motorcycles made by Honda from 1973 to 2007. Considered one of the best motocross motorcycles of all time. They are racing motorcycles with countless trophies in the 125, 250 and 500 motocross classes. Marty Smith, Jeremy McGrath, Ricky Carmichael and many other motocross legends dominated racing circuits on Honda CR's. CR's continue competing today and are prized by racing enthusiasts and collectors alike.

The first generation Honda CR series (Elsinore) were named after the annual motorcycle race hosted in the early 1970s by Lake Elsinore, CA. This popular race was known as the Elsinore Grand Prix.  It ran through the dusty Lake Elsinore farming town and surrounding hills from 1968 to 1972.  The race was featured in the classic 1971 sports documentary "On Any Sunday," starring Steve McQueen, Malcolm Smith and Mert Lawwill.

The CR line ranged from 60 to 500cc in displacement.

Marty Smith
Marty Smith (November 26, 1956 – April 27, 2020) was an American professional motocross racer. He competed in the AMA Motocross Championships from 1974 to 1981, most prominently as a member of the Honda factory racing team with whom he won 18 AMA race victories and three National Motocross championships. During his formative years of racing, he had no teachers and learned by carefully observing the fast guys, then applying what he saw. Smith said he almost never rode at 100 percent. With his long hair, Southern California surfer looks and smooth riding style, he was a popular figure among race fans and was the first superstar of American motocross. Smith was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2000.
Frank Wolf (adventurer)
Frank Wolf (born 1970) is a Canadian adventurer, writer, filmmaker, and environmentalist. He is known for books, feature magazine articles, online columns, and films that document wilderness expeditions around the world, with a focus on the Canadian North. His expeditions include being the first to canoe across Canada in one season and cycling 2,000 km in winter on the Yukon River from Dawson to Nome. In 2020 he was named One of Canada's Greatest 90 Explorers of All Time by Canadian Geographic. and in 2012 he was named one of Canada's Top Ten Adventurers by Explore. He has written two books on his adventures: Two Springs, One Summer (2024) and Lines on a Map (2018), both published by RMB. His films include Wild Ones, The Hand of Franklin, Kitturiaq, On the Line, Mammalian, and Borealis, all of which broadcast on CBC's Documentary Channel in Canada.

Documentary Channel (Canadian TV channel)
Documentary Channel (stylized as documentary channel) is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the National Film Board of Canada and four other independent producers. Its programming is devoted to featuring primarily documentary films along with documentary-style television series.
Sharnbrook Summit
Sharnbrook Summit is a nature reserve between the villages of Sharnbrook and Wymington in Bedfordshire. It has an area of approximately nine hectares, and it is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

The site is a mile long narrow strip above a rail tunnel, next to the Midland Main Line between Bedford and Wellingborough. The reserve is grassland, grazed by rabbits, on limestone deposited during the construction of the railway. The dominant plant is tor-grass, and flowers include dyer's greenweed and wild liquorice. Scattered scrub provides food and shelter from kestrels and buzzards for small mammals and nesting birds.

There is access from Forty Foot Lane, which bisects the site. It is close to Wymington Meadow, which is also managed by the Wildlife Trust, but there is no direct access between the sites, which are separated by the railway lines.

Brachypodium pinnatum
Brachypodium pinnatum, the heath false brome or tor-grass, is a species of grass with a widespread distribution in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It typically grows in calcareous grassland, and reaches 70–120 centimetres (28–47 in) tall. The flowerhead is open, with 10 to 15 erect spikelets.
Kurtuluş (surname)
Kurtuluş is a Turkish surname means “salvation, liberation”. Notable people with the surname include:

Edvin Kurtulus (born 2000), Kosovan footballer

İlknur Kurtuluş (born 1972), Turkish female hand ball coach

Mehmet Kurtuluş (born 1972), German actor of Turkish descent

Serdar Kurtuluş (born 1987), Turkish footballer

Serkan Kurtuluş (born 1990), Turkish footballer

Tekin Kurtuluş (born 1968), German actor of Turkish descent

Yekta Kurtuluş (born 1985), Turkish footballer

Yusuf Kurtuluş (born 1986), Turkish footballer

Turkish name
A Turkish name consists of an ad or an isim (given name; plural adlar and isimler) and a soyadı or soyisim (surname). Turkish names exist in a "full name" format. While there is only one soyadı (surname) in the full name there may be more than one ad (given name). Married women may carry both their maiden and husband's surnames. The soyadı is written as the last element of the full name, after all given names (except that official documents related to registration matters often use the format "Soyadı, Adı").