hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Witch trials in the early modern period
In the early modern period, from about 1400 to 1775, about 100,000 people were prosecuted for witchcraft in Europe and  British America. Between 40,000 and 60,000 were executed, almost all in Europe. The witch hunts were particularly severe in parts of the Holy Roman Empire. Prosecutions for witchcraft reached a high point from 1560 to 1630, during the Counter-Reformation and the European wars of religion. Among the lower classes, accusations of witchcraft were usually made by neighbors, and women and men made formal accusations of witchcraft. Magical healers or 'cunning folk' were sometimes prosecuted for witchcraft, but seem to have made up a minority of the accused. Roughly 80% of those convicted were women, most of them over the age of 40. In some regions, convicted witches were burnt at the stake, the traditional punishment for religious heresy.

Torsåker witch trials
The Torsåker witch trials took place in 1675 in Torsåker parish in Sweden and were the largest witch trials in Swedish history. In a single day 71 people (65 women and 6 men) were beheaded and then burned.
Mercury Bluff
Mercury Bluff is a perpendicular bluff on Gerlovo Beach in the northwest of Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after the British sealing ship Mercury under Captain Robert Wetherell that operated out of the nearby Shirreff Cove in 1820–21.

Shirreff Cove
Shirreff Cove (62°28′S 60°48′W﻿ / ﻿62.467°S 60.800°W﻿ / -62.467; -60.800) is a small cove or anchorage, situated immediately southwest of Cape Shirreff between San Telmo Island and Gerlovo Beach on the northwest side of Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

Edward Bransfield, Master, Royal Navy, named a cove in this vicinity for Captain William H. Shirreff, British commanding officer in the Pacific in 1820. Present application of the name is based upon the location shown on Captain George Powell's map, published by Laurie in 1822.
DH5-Alpha Cell
DH5-Alpha Cells are E. coli cells engineered by American biologist Douglas Hanahan to maximize transformation efficiency. They are defined by three mutations: recA1, endA1 which help plasmid insertion and lacZΔM15 which enables blue white screening. The cells are competent and often used with calcium chloride transformation to insert the desired plasmid. A study of four transformation methods and six bacteria strains showed that the most efficient one was the DH5 strain with the Hanahan method.

Calcium chloride transformation
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) transformation is a laboratory technique in prokaryotic (bacterial) cell biology. The addition of calcium chloride to a cell suspension promotes the binding of plasmid DNA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Positively charged calcium ions attract both the negatively charged DNA backbone and the negatively charged groups in the LPS inner core. The plasmid DNA can then pass into the cell upon heat shock, where chilled cells (+4 degrees Celsius) are heated to a higher temperature (+42 degrees Celsius) for a short time.
Halosulfuron-methyl
Halosulfuron-methyl is a sulfonylurea post-emergence herbicide used to control some annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds and sedges (such as nutsedge/nutgrass) in a range of crops (particularly rice), established landscape woody ornamentals and turfgrass. It is marketed under several tradenames including Sedgehammer and Sandea.

Halosulfuron-methyl's HRAC classification is Group B (global, Aus), Group 2 (numeric), as it inhibits acetohydroxyacid synthase.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
Augusto Pérez Palacios
Augusto Pérez Palacios (1909 – August 9, 2002) was a Mexican architect and teacher. He designed various public buildings, most notably the Estadio Olímpico Universitario of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), together with Raúl Salinas Moro and Jorge Bravo Jiménez.

Estadio Olímpico Universitario
University Olympic Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Olímpico Universitario) is a multi-purpose stadium located inside Ciudad Universitaria in Mexico City. It was built in 1952 and at that time was the largest stadium in Mexico. This stadium has a capacity of 69,000. The first major event held in the stadium was the 1955 Pan American Games. During the 1950s and the 1960s this stadium was used mostly for college American football matches between the largest Mexican public universities at the time: UNAM and IPN. From the late 1950s it was used for association football matches, some American football matches and athletics. It then became the Olympic Stadium for the 1968 Summer Games.
Sharon Ann Hunt
Sharon Ann Hunt is a cardiology professor and Director of the Post Heart Transplant Programme in Palo Alto, California and is affiliated with Stanford University Medical Center, professionally known for her work in the care of patients after heart transplantation.

With a career at Stanford spanning over fifty years, Hunt has witnessed the history of heart transplant surgery from the very first one in the US by Norman Shumway in 1968, through the international moratorium on heart transplants and the recent decades of combined heart-lung transplants and mechanical assist devices.

She is a past president of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation and received their lifetime achievement award in 2012.

As one of the 130 cardiology specialists at Stanford, her other activities include contributions to Uptodate and Hurst's Cardiology and more than 200 publications.

International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), established in 1981, is a professional organization committed to research and education in heart and lung disease and transplantation. It holds annual scientific meetings and publishes The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. It also holds the worlds largest registry of heart and lung transplant data.
Epiblema sarmatana
Epiblema sarmatana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, the Near East, Russia, Kazakhstan and China (Gansu).

The larvae feed on Chamaecytisus species.

Chamaecytisus
Chamaecytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes 43 species which range from the Canary Islands and Morocco through mainland Europe to western Siberia, Kazakhstan, the Caucasus, Anatolia, and the eastern Mediterranean. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It has been treated as a synonym of Cytisus.

C. proliferus is a tree from the Canary Islands used as a fodder crop around the world.
Westeri
Westeri is a shopping center completed in the spring of 2018 in the Tesomajärvi district of Tampere, Finland. The anchor tenant is the grocery store K-Supermarket, in connection with which Posti and Matkahuolto points serve. Other stores in the shopping center include Alko, Kotipizza, Linkosuo Café, Pizza Hut, Subway, Tesoma Pharmacy, Instrumentarium, Tokmanni, 24 Pesula laundry and sushi restaurant Asahi Sushi. Westeri's premises also house the Tampere City Welfare Center, which includes the Tesoma Library, the Tesoma Youth Center, a dental clinic, health center, and Fimlab laboratory.

Alko
Alko Inc is the national alcoholic beverage retailing monopoly in Finland. It is the only store in the country which retails beer over 8% ABV, wine (except in vineyards) and spirits. Alcoholic beverages are also sold in licensed restaurants and bars but only for consumption on the premises.

Alko is required by law to sell drinks with lower alcohol content than 8% and non-alcoholic alternatives, but in practice carries a very limited stock of low alcohol beer, cider and non-alcoholic drinks and others as supermarkets are allowed to sell those at a substantially lower price. By law, alcoholic drinks may only be sold to those aged 18 or above.
Càrn nan Gobhar (Mullardoch)
Càrn nan Gobhar is a mountain rising to 993 metres (3,258 ft) in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It stands on the northern side of Loch Mullardoch in the upper part of Glen Cannich, in a remote group of four Munros informally known as "The Mullardochs" which form the high ground between Loch Mullardoch and Loch Monar.

Glen Cannich
Glen Cannich (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Chanaich) is a long glen and strath in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland and through which runs the River Cannich. Once densely populated before being largely emptied by both voluntary emigration and the Highland Clearances following the Battle of Culloden in 1746, the Glen, which was formerly the property of Clan Chisholm, has played a role in the history of the Catholic Church in Scotland. A minor public road runs up Glen Cannich from Cannich as far as the Mullardoch dam. Other than water capture for the Affric-Beauly hydro-electric power scheme, the major land uses in the glen are commercial forestry and deer stalking.
Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association
The Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association (RRA), founded in 1974, is the professional association of rabbis affiliated with Reconstructionist Judaism. It has approximately 300 members, most of whom are graduates of the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College (RRC) in Wyncote, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia. The RRA is a member of a number of national coalitions including the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations. Its first director was Rabbi Richard Hirsh who was hired in 1984 to work five hours/week when he was dean of admissions at RRC.

From 1987 to 1989, Rabbi Joy Levitt was the first female president of the RRA.

In 2007, Rabbi Toba Spitzer became the first openly lesbian or gay person chosen to head a rabbinical association in the United States when she was elected president of the RRA.

Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations
The Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations (CoP; commonly Presidents' Conference) is the umbrella organization for the American Jewish community. Comprising 53 national Jewish organizations across the political spectrum, it was founded in 1955 to develop a consensus voice among Jewish organizations, especially to the U.S. government.

Along with the Jewish Federations of North America, Hillel International, and the Anti-Defamation League, the CoP is considered to represent mainstream Jewry in the United States. Since the 1970s, the CoP's chairperson is the American Jewish community's de facto spokesperson on international affairs.
Ras Al Khaimah Golf Challenge
The Ras Al Khaimah Golf Challenge was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour, Europe's second tier men's professional golf tour, held in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. It was first played in 2016 as the penultimate event ahead of the season-ending NBO Golf Classic Grand Final in neighboring Oman. The tournament was last played in 2017. Beginning in 2018, the course will host the Ras Al Khaimah Challenge Tour Grand Final.

Challenge Tour
The Challenge Tour, currently titled as the HotelPlanner Tour for sponsorship reasons and also sometimes referred to as the European Challenge Tour, is the second-tier men's professional golf tour in Europe. It is operated by the PGA European Tour and similarly with the main European Tour and the European Senior Tour, some of the events are played outside Europe.
Mafrum
Mafrum, also spelled "mafroom" (Arabic: مفروم), is a Libyan Jewish stuffed vegetable dish. Root vegetables are hollowed out and filled with a blend of ground meat and spices. These stuffed vegetables are then fried and simmered in a tomato-based sauce. While potatoes are the vegetable typically used, certain recipes employ eggplants, zucchinis, onions and/or bell peppers.

Mafrum is traditionally served with couscous and eaten during Shabbat and Jewish holidays. It spread beyond Libya due to the mass Jewish exodus from the country in the 1950s and 60s. In Italy, mafrum was introduced to the Jewish community of Rome after the evacuation of Libyan Jews following the Six-Day War in 1967. In Israel, it became a popular dish, with interpretations by Jews from Tunisia, Morocco, and Egypt.

Simmering
Simmering is a food preparation technique by which foods are cooked in hot liquids kept just below the boiling point of water (lower than 100 °C or 212 °F) and above poaching temperature (higher than 71–80 °C or 160–176 °F). To create a steady simmer, a liquid is brought to a boil, then its heat source is reduced to a lower, constant intensity (smaller flame on a gas stove, lower temperature on an induction/electric stove). Visually a liquid will show a little movement without approaching a rolling boil.
Anne-Marie Sigouin
Anne-Marie Sigouin is a Canadian politician, who served on Montreal City Council as representative for the Saint-Paul–Émard–Saint-Henri-Ouest district in the borough of Le Sud-Ouest.

A member of the Projet Montréal political party, she was first elected in the 2013 municipal election and reelected in the 2017 election. She was also named by Mayor Valérie Plante as a designated councillor on the Ville-Marie borough council, which includes two city councillors from elsewhere in the city chosen by the mayor.

2017 Montreal municipal election
Municipal elections were held in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on November 5, 2017, as part of the 2017 Quebec municipal elections. Voters elected 65 positions on the Montreal City Council, including the mayor, borough mayors, and city councillors, as well as 38 borough councillors.
Gaiser
Gaiser (or Gaisser) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fred Gaiser (1885–1918), American baseball player

Fritz Gaiser (1907–1994), German cross-country skier

George Gaiser (born 1945), American football player

Jens Gaiser (born 1978), German nordic combined skier

Julia Haig Gaisser (born 1941), American classical scholar and professor of Latin

Marco Gaiser (born 1993), German footballer

Megan Gaiser, American business executive

Otto Gaiser (1919–1944), German fighter pilot

Serge Gaisser (born 1958), French footballer

T. Elliot Gaiser (born 1989), American attorney

Thomas K. Gaisser (1940–1922), American astroparticle physicist

T. Elliot Gaiser
Thomas Elliot Gaiser (born September 6, 1989) is an American attorney who has served as the United States assistant attorney general for the Office of Legal Counsel since 2025.

After graduating from the University of Chicago Law School, Gaiser clerked for appellate judges Edith H. Jones, Neomi Rao, and then Justice Samuel Alito. He was involved in efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election. In October 2023, Dave Yost, the Attorney General of Ohio, named Gaiser as the state's solicitor general.

In April 2025, president Donald Trump named Gaiser as his nominee for assistant attorney general for the Office of Legal Counsel. He was confirmed by the Senate in July and took office the following month.
Ziller (surname)
Ziller is a German surname, a bargeman. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Ziller (1837–1923), Saxon architect

Eugene Ziller, American author

Gerhart Ziller (1912-1957), German politician

Hans Ziller (born 1958), German musician

Iosifina Dimas-Ziller (1885-1965), Greek painter

Stefan Ziller (born 1984), German politician

Ernst Ziller
Ernst Moritz Theodor Ziller (/ˈzɪlər/; Greek: Ερνέστος Τσίλλερ, Ernestos Tsiller [ˈtsiler]; 22 June 1837 – 4 November 1923) was a German-born university teacher and architect who later became a Greek national. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, he was a major designer of royal and municipal buildings in Athens, Patras, and other Greek cities.
Yolani Fourie
Yolani Fourie (born 12 October 1989) is a South African cricketer. She plays as a right-arm off break bowler. She appeared in one Test match, 15 One Day Internationals and 10 Twenty20 Internationals for South Africa between 2014 and 2018. In November 2018, she was added to South Africa's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies.

In September 2019, she was named in the F van der Merwe XI squad for the inaugural edition of the Women's T20 Super League in South Africa.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Daraa camp
Daraa camp is a Palestinian refugee camp in Syria, located in the city of Daraa near the Jordanian border. The camp was established on an area of 39,000 square meters in 1950–1951 in order to house Palestinian refugees from the northern and eastern parts of Palestine following the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.

Before 2011, the camp housed 10,500 refugees. Most of the population are refugees from the towns of Ijzm, Jabaa, Ain Ghazal, Samkh, Al-Shajra, Taran, Balad Al-Sheikh and Arabs Suwaitat.

The camp is located in a fertile area, and many of its residents work in agricultural fields. Others are in wage jobs.

Ijzim
Ijzim (Arabic: إجزم) was a Palestinian village in the Haifa Subdistrict of British Mandate Palestine, 19.5 kilometers south of Haifa, that was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. Many residents resettled in Jenin after Operation Shoter on 24 July 1948.

Families from Ijzim include the Madis, the Nabhanis and the Alhassans. Collectively, these families  owned over 40,000 dunams (40 km2) of land, making the village  one of the richest  in Palestine.
Stardom American Dream 2025
Stardom American Dream 2025 was a two-night professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom and produced by New Japan Pro-Wrestling of America. The event took place on April 17 and 18, 2025, with the first day in Enterprise, Nevada, at the Silverton Veil Pavilion, and the second day in Paradise, Nevada, at the MEET Las Vegas. This will also be the final event for Mina Shirakawa as a member of the Stardom roster.

Natsuko Tora
Natsuko Tora (刀羅 ナツコ, Tōra Natsuko; born January 30, 1991) is a Japanese professional wrestler. She is signed to World Wonder Ring Stardom, where she is one-half of the current Goddesses of Stardom Champions in her first reign and is the leader of H.A.T.E

Tora is a former two-time Artist of Stardom Champion and a one-time World of Stardom Champion. Tora was the fourth and final leader of the Oedo Tai stable, disbanding it and creating H.A.T.E.
Shanghang County
Shanghang (simplified Chinese: 上杭县; traditional Chinese: 上杭縣; pinyin: Shàngháng Xiàn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siôngháng Gnuâi; Hakka: Sông-hông-yen) is a county in southwest Fujian Province, China, bordering Guangdong Province to the southwest. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Longyan.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Pentti Alonen
Pentti Johannes Alonen (15 September 1925 – 28 November 2017) was a Finnish alpine skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics, in the 1952 Winter Olympics, and in the 1956 Winter Olympics.

Alonen was born in Janakkala. He was the brother of fellow Olympian Pekka Alonen. He died in Hämeenlinna on 28 November 2017, aged 92.

Janakkala
Janakkala (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjɑnɑkːɑlɑ]) is a municipality of Finland. Its administrative centre is in Turenki. Janakkala is located along Highway 3 (E12) in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Kanta-Häme region. To the south, Janakkala shares a boundary with Riihimäki, the northern neighbour being Hämeenlinna. It is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Turenki to Hämeenlinna, 94 kilometres (58 mi) to Tampere, and 96 kilometres (60 mi) to Helsinki.

The municipality has a population of 15,995 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 586.07 square kilometres (226.28 sq mi) of which 38.63 km2 (14.92 sq mi) is water. The population density is 29.22 inhabitants per square kilometre (75.7/sq mi). In Janakkala the rate of unemployment is 9.7% and the rate of municipal taxes is %. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Pedro Moctezuma
Don Pedro (de) Moctezuma Tlacahuepan Yohualicahuaca (1511-1570) was a son of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II and María Miyahuaxochtzin, the daughter of Ixtlilcuecahuacatzin, ruler of Tollan. He became a nobleman and ruler of the Spanish Empire after the conquest of the Aztecs.

Don (honorific)
The terms Don (in Spanish and Italian), Dom (in Portuguese), and Domn (in Romanian), are honorific prefixes derived from the Latin Dominus, meaning "lord" or "owner". The honorific is commonly used in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, as well as in the Spanish-speaking world and Portuguese-speaking world, as well as some other places formerly colonized by Spain or Portugal. The feminine equivalents are Doña (Spanish: [ˈdoɲa]), Donna (Italian: [ˈdɔnna]), Doamnă (Romanian) and Dona (Portuguese: [ˈdonɐ]), meaning "lady".

The term is derived from the Latin dominus: a master of a household, a title with background from the Roman Republic in classical antiquity. With the abbreviated form having emerged as such in the Middle Ages, traditionally it is reserved for Catholic clergy and nobles, in addition to certain educational authorities and persons of high distinction.
Oru Kudumbathin Kathai
Oru Kudumbathin Kathai (transl. The story of a family) is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed and co-written by Durai. The film stars R. Muthuraman, Sumithra and Nanditha Bose, with R. S. Manohar, Srikanth, Thengai Srinivasan, Manorama, Pandari Bai and C. K. Saraswathi in supporting roles. It was released on 26 September 1975, and became a success.

Thengai Srinivasan
Thengai Srinivasan (21 October 1937 – 9 November 1987) was an Indian actor who appeared in Tamil-language films and plays from the 1960s to the 1980s. He was given the prefix Thengai (coconut) after his role as a coconut-seller in the play Kal Manam. Although originally a comedian, he also performed in other genres and enacted several lead and antagonistic roles.