hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albright–Goldman oxidation
The Albright–Goldman oxidation is a name reaction of organic chemistry, first described by the American chemists J. Donald Albright and Leon Goldman in 1965. The reaction is particularly suitable for the synthesis of aldehydes from primary alcohols. Analogously, secondary alcohols can be oxidized to form ketones. Dimethyl sulfoxide/acetic anhydride serves as oxidizing agent.

The reaction does not proceed further to the carboxylic acid.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
Garbi (mountain)
Garbi is a mountain in the western part of the Tadjourah Region in Djibouti. It is located about 102 kilometres (63 mi) east of Djibouti City. With a mean height of 1680 metres (5,512 ft), is the third highest point in Djibouti.

Tadjourah Region
The Tadjourah Region Somali: Gobolka Tajoora, Afar: Rakaakay Tagórri) is a region in north-central Djibouti, the largest of its six regions. With its capital at Tadjourah, it has an area of 7,100 square kilometres (2,700 sq mi). It lies along the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the coastal city of Tadjoura. The region has active salt and fisheries industries, and is served by the Tadjoura Airport. In total area, it is larger than Brunei and smaller than Cyprus.
Maniche, Haiti
Maniche (French pronunciation: [maniʃ]; Haitian Creole: Manich) is a commune in the Les Cayes Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti. It has 23,934 inhabitants.

The villages of Maniche and Madame Jean Pierre is located in the commune.

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
Darrell Dyer
Darrell Dyer (born  (1992-11-01) 1 November 1992) is an English rugby union player.

He was on the books at Northampton Saints  and played for Ampthill RUFC, Coventry R.F.C., Bedford Blues, and Hartpury University R.F.C. where he featured both as a blindside-flanker and number eight. In 2018 Dyer moved to France and joined US Carcassonne to play in the Rugby Pro D2 league, however on 1 June 2021 it was announced he was leaving Carcassonne to join Valence Romans Drôme Rugby for the 2021-22 season.

US Carcassonne
Union Sportive Carcassonnaise are a French rugby union club based in Carcassonne. US Carcassonne currently compete in the Pro D2, the second tier of French rugby. The club was established in 1899. They play in black and yellow colours and at the Stade Albert Domec. Carcassonne have contested one French championship final in their history; losing to USA Perpignan in 1925.
Da Muzicianz
Da Muzicianz (subtitled In Stores Now) is the only studio album by American Southern hip-hop Atlanta-based trio of the same name, composed of Ying Yang Twins' D-Roc and his younger brothers, Mr. Ball and Da Birthday Boy. It was released on May 23, 2006, via TVT Records. Produced by Mr. Collipark, Cheesy, Midnight Black and Tom Slick, it features guest appearances from Geeskie, Countrie Biggz, Fabo, Kaine, Kuzin Big Boyy, Mr. Collipark and Smitty J. The album debuted at number 137 on the Billboard 200, number 20 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 7 on the Independent Albums and number 2 on the Heatseekers Albums charts in the United States. It was supported by three singles: "Camera Phone", "Girls I Know" b/w "Crazy Man", and "Hush". Its lead single made it to number 95 on the Billboard R&B charts. An accompanying music video for "Camera Phone" was directed by Juan Carlos. In early 2007, Da Muzicianz joined the Ying Yang Twins on Chemically Imbalanced tour.

D4L
D4L (an acronym of Down for Life) was an American hip hop group formed in 2003, composed of Atlanta-based rappers Fabo, Mook-B, Stoney, and Shawty Lo. They are best known for their 2005 hit single "Laffy Taffy", which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 2006.
Stefan Bajic (footballer, born 2001)
Stefan Bajic (Serbian: Стефан Бајић/Stefan Bajić; born 23 December 2001) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for  Ligue 1 club Strasbourg.

Bajic joined Saint-Étienne at age six, and over the years has climbed through the club's U17, U19 and reserve teams, breaking into the first team at age 18. He has represented France internationally at youth level, from the under-16s to the under-21s, as well as the Olympic team at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

France Olympic football team
The France Olympic football team, also known as the France national under-23 football team, represents France in men's international football competitions in Olympic Games. It has been active since 1948, and first competed in 1948. Olympic football was originally an amateur sport, and as the pre-World War II France national team was also amateur, it was able to send a team to the games. The rules on amateurism were relaxed in the 1980s, which allowed France some success, notably a gold medal finish in 1984. Since 1992 the tournament has been competed by under-23 teams, making France's Olympic qualification dependent on the results of the under-21 team. Only in 2020 the French returned to the Olympic stage after a 24-year absence.
Bill Wyllie
Bill Wyllie (9 October 1932 – 13 March 2006) was a Western Australian businessman who was best known for his career as a "corporate doctor" in Hong Kong; and most notably for his role in setting up Hutchison Whampoa. In 2003, Australia's Business Review Weekly estimated that his personal wealth was approximately $450 million. The Wyllie Group, which he founded in 1991, has interests in mining and real estate, as well as formerly having a minority interest in the Burswood Casino.

BRW (magazine)
BRW (formerly Business Review Weekly) was an Australian business magazine published by the Fairfax Media group. The magazine was headquartered in Melbourne. It regularly compiled lists which rank corporations and individuals according to various criteria, similar to Fortune magazine in the United States. BRW provided news and commentary on the economy, business and investment in Australia. The magazine reported on successful business strategies, investments and entrepreneurialism. Cover stories and features concentrated on ways to make money and improve businesses. Each week BRW focused on a sector or topic relevant to business people or investors.
Siberia, California
Siberia is a ghost town in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California, United States.  It lies along historic Route 66 between Bagdad and Ludlow, in the ZIP code 92357 and area codes 442 and 760.

Siberia was a water stop and a rail siding for the Santa Fe Railroad and a motorist stop on U.S. Route 66 until it faded out after the 1973 opening of Interstate 40, which bypassed the town. Since 2001, all traces of the town have been removed.

Siding (rail)
In rail terminology, a siding is a low-speed track section distinct from a running line or through route such as a main line, branch line, or spur. It may connect to through track or to other sidings at either end. Sidings often have lighter rails, meant for lower speed or less heavy traffic, and few, if any, signals. Sidings connected at both ends to a running line are commonly known as loops; those not so connected may be referred to as single-ended or dead-end sidings, or (if short) stubs.
Brighamia rockii
Brighamia rockii, known as the Molokai ohaha or Pua ʻala in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae, that is endemic to the island of Molokaʻi in Hawaii. Pua ʻala inhabits mesic shrublands and forests on rocky cliffs from sea level to 470 m (1,540 ft) on the island's northern windward coast. Associated plants include ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata), lama (Diospyros sandwicensis), ʻūlei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia), and naupaka (Scaevola gaudichaudii).

Pua ʻala reaches a height of 1–5 m (3.3–16.4 ft) and has a succulent, trunk-like stem that tapers from the base.  The oval-shaped leaves are 6–22 cm (2.4–8.7 in) long and 1–15 cm (0.39–5.91 in) wide and form a rosette on the top of the plant.  Each inflorescence contains three to eight trumpet-shaped white flowers.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Blood & Treasure
Blood & Treasure is an American action adventure television series created by Matthew Federman and Stephen Scaia that premiered on May 21, 2019, on CBS. Federman and Scaia also serve as writers and executive producers alongside Taylor Elmore, Ben Silverman, Marc Webb, and Mark Vlasic. In June 2019, CBS renewed the series for a second season. In May 2022, it was announced that the series moved from CBS to Paramount+. The second season premiered on Paramount+ on July 17, 2022. In February 2023, the series was canceled after two seasons.

James Callis
James Nicholas Callis (born 4 June 1971) is an English actor. He is known for playing Dr. Gaius Baltar in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica miniseries and television series, and Bridget Jones' best friend Tom in the Bridget Jones film series. He appeared in the television series Eureka and 12 Monkeys on Syfy as Dr. Trevor Grant and Athan Cole "The Witness", respectively. Since 2017, he has voiced the character Alucard in the Netflix series Castlevania and Castlevania: Nocturne, based on the video game series of the same name. In 2022, he appeared in season 2 of Star Trek: Picard as Jean-Luc's father in childhood flashbacks.
Jacqueline Legere
Jacqueline Legere (born 1991) is a Canadian stuntwoman and icecross downhill athlete currently competing in Red Bull Crashed Ice. During the 2016 season, Legere finished atop the Crashed Ice standings, emerging as the women’s world champion. When not competing in ice cross downhill, Legere is employed as a stuntwoman.

Stunt performer
A stunt performer, often called a stuntman or stuntwoman and occasionally stuntperson or stunt-person, is a trained professional who performs daring acts, often as a career. Stunt performers usually appear in films or on television, as opposed to a daredevil, who performs for a live audience. When they take the place of another actor, they are known as stunt doubles.
Meg Loughran Cappel
Mary "Meg" Loughran Cappel is a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate from the 49th district since December 10, 2020. The 49th district, located in the Chicago area, includes all or parts of  Aurora, Bolingbrook, Boulder Hill, Channahon, Crest Hill, Crystal Lawns, Joliet, Montgomery, Naperville, Oswego, Plainfield, Romeoville, and Shorewood.

Cappel was elected to the Illinois Senate to succeed Jennifer Bertino-Tarrant, who successfully ran for Will County, Illinois Executive. Cappel was appointed early on December 10, 2020, after Bertino-Tarrant resigned her state Senator position and inaugurated as Executive on December 7, 2020.

Oswego, Illinois
Oswego (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/ oss-WEE-goh) is a village in Kendall and Will counties, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 34,485. Oswego is the largest municipality in Kendall County. Part of the Chicago metropolitan area, it is an exurb of Chicago.
Rappin' Rodney
Rappin' Rodney is a comedy album by American comedian Rodney Dangerfield issued by RCA Records in 1983. The title track is a rap-influenced novelty song co-written by J.B. Moore and Robert Ford Jr., the same songwriters who worked with Kurtis Blow on "The Breaks". Dennis Blair co-wrote the song. The accompanying music video, which includes cameos from Pat Benatar and Don Novello (as Father Guido Sarducci), was played heavily on MTV at the time of release.

The rest of the album consists of live stand-up comedy under the titles "Rodney Rappin'" and "Rodney Continues Rappin'", recorded live at Catch a Rising Star, in New York City.

The song peaked at number 83 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. It soon earned Dangerfield a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Recording.

Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album
The Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album is presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement in comedy." The award was awarded yearly from 1959 to 1993 and then from 2004 to present day.
Greg Oliphant
Greg Oliphant (born 22 June 1950) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer, a state and national representative halfback who made one Kangaroo tour. Oliphant played in the New South Wales Rugby League for the two seasons of 1978–1979 with the Balmain Tigers. Prior to and after those years he played in the Brisbane Rugby League with Wests, Valleys and Redcliffe.

He made his international debut off the reserve bench in the first Test of the 1978 domestic series against New Zealand and then started in the 2nd Test. He was selected for the 1978 Kangaroo tour but played only four tour matches with his rival Tommy Raudonikis the selectors' preferred Test halfback. Oliphant and Raudonikis enjoyed a great club and state rivalry and regularly competed for national selection. Oliphant played in the inaugural State of Origin match for the Queensland Maroons. He later coached in the BRL premiership with Norths.

Norths Devils
The Northern Suburbs Devils, or North Brisbane Devils, or often simply referred to as Norths for short, are a rugby league club representing the northern suburbs of Brisbane, Australia. The team colours are sky blue, navy blue and gold. They play in the Hostplus Cup, and, through their predecessors, are one of the oldest clubs in Australia.
Norths have won 14 A Grade, 17 Reserve Grade and 14 Colts/Third Grade Premierships. They hold the record for most consecutive first grade Brisbane Rugby League premierships, winning six in a row between 1959 and 1964 and being crowned champions most recently in 2024.
Thanbyuzayat Township
Thanbyuzayat Township (Burmese: သံဖြူဇရပ်မြို့နယ်, Mon: ပွိုၚ်ဍုၚ်ဇြပ်ဗုlistenⓘ) is a township of Mawlamyine District in the Mon State of Myanmar. It is the site of a war cemetery and the Death Railway Museum, commemorating the prisoners of war and internees who died constructing the Burma-Siam Railway as slave labour during the Japanese occupation in World War II.

15°58′00″N 97°44′00″E﻿ / ﻿15.9667°N 97.7333°E﻿ / 15.9667; 97.7333

Mon language
The Mon language, formerly known as Peguan and Talaing, is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Mon people. Mon, like the related Khmer language, but unlike most languages in mainland Southeast Asia, is not tonal. The Mon language is a recognised indigenous language in Myanmar as well as an indigenous language of Thailand.

Mon was classified as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO's 2010 Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. The Mon language has faced assimilative pressures in both Myanmar and Thailand, where many individuals of Mon descent are now monolingual in Burmese or Thai respectively. In 2007, Mon speakers were estimated to number between 1,800,000 and 2 million. In Myanmar, the majority of Mon speakers live in Southern Myanmar, especially Mon State, followed by Tanintharyi Region and Kayin State.
David Higgins (event promoter)
David Higgins (born 13 December 1979) is a New Zealand boxing promoter, boxing manager and event manager under his company, Duco Events. Higgins has promoted significant events including David Tua vs Shane Cameron, Joseph Parker vs. Andy Ruiz, NRL Auckland Nines, Brisbane Global Rugby Tens and the New Zealand Fight for Life series. He has managed many notable boxers, including Joseph Parker and Jeff Horn. Other boxers he has promoted include David Letele, David Tua, Shane Cameron, Robert Berridge, Sam Rapira, Izu Ugonoh, Junior Fa, and John Parker.

Brisbane Global Rugby Tens
The Global 10s is a rugby tens tournament held during February each year in Brisbane at Suncorp Stadium. It is hosted by Duco Events and the Queensland Rugby Union. The inaugural tournament was held in 2017.

The Super Rugby teams from Australia and New Zealand take part in the tournament each year with other teams from around the world also invited. For the 2017 tournament, RC Toulonnais, Blue Bulls, Manu Samoa, and the Panasonic Wild Knights were invited.

The teams compete for a grand prize of $250,000 AUD over two days, first playing in group stages before entering finals. Between 300 and 400 players attend each event. A 'legend wildcard', is allocated to each team allowing a former star player to join their match day squads.

The tournament provides a small economic boost to Queensland through tourism and consumer spending.
Lucio D'Ubaldo
Lucio D'Ubaldo (born 23 February 1955) is an Italian politician.

D'Ubaldo was born in Magliano Sabina, Rieti. He earned his BA in Philosophy, he is also writer and journalist.

Lucio D'Ubaldo is a member of national board of Democratic Party (Italy).

He has been Secretary General of ANCI, the National Association of Italian Municipalities (1986–1996), president of Health Agency of Latium (2005–2010), member of the board of Italian bank Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, member of the Accademia degli Incolti (1994-), member of the executive body of the Municipality of Rome (2006–2008).

He has been President of the Italy-USA Foundation, a non-profit organization based in Rome, Italy.

He was elected to the Italian Senate in 2008 and is a member of the Finance Committee.

Cassa Depositi e Prestiti
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti S.p.A., also known as CDP S.p.A., is a prominent Italian public development bank founded on November 20, 1850, in Turin. Its original duty was to finance public works like roads and waterworks during the reign of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, King of Sardinia-Piedmont.

CDP is the major Italian  institution for economic development through long-term investments at local, regional and national level and acts as the government's arm for executing public policy mandates.

It is among the founders (with Caisse des Dépots, KfW and European Investment Bank) of the D20 Long-Term Investors Club (D20-LTIC), a group that gathers 18 major financial institutions and institutional investors from all over the world, mainly from G20 countries, and a member of the European Long Term Investors (ELTI), an association that brings together the main european national promotional banks.
Cordillera Occidental (Peru)
In Peru the Cordillera Occidental is the western branch of the Andes. It bounds to the west with coastal plains or falls directly into the Pacific along cliffed coasts. To the east of Cordillera Occidental lies the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Oriental of Peru. As with other parts of the Peruvian Andes the Cordillera Occedental bears evidence on the Andean orogeny.

Cliffed coast
A cliffed coast, also called an abrasion coast, is a form of coast where the action of marine waves has formed steep cliffs that may or may not be precipitous. It contrasts with a flat or alluvial coast.
Christopher C. Fennell
Christopher C. Fennell (born c. 1964) is an American anthropologist and lawyer, an assistant professor of Anthropology at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.  His first book Crossroads and Cosmologies: Diasporas and Ethnogenesis in the New World (2008)  received the John L. Cotter Award from the Society for Historical Archaeology.  Fennell is editor of the African Diaspora Archaeology Network and Newsletter, and an associate of the editorial board of the International Journal of Historical Archaeology.

Ethnogenesis
Ethnogenesis (from Ancient Greek  ἔθνος (éthnos)  'group of people, nation' and  γένεσις (génesis)  'beginning, coming into being'; pl. ethnogeneses) is the formation and development of an ethnic group. This can originate by group self-identification or by outside identification.

The term ethnogenesis was originally a mid-19th-century neologism that was later introduced into 20th-century academic anthropology. In that context, it refers to the observable phenomenon of the emergence of new social groups that are identified as having a cohesive identity, i.e., an "ethnic group" in anthropological terms. Relevant social sciences not only observe this phenomenon but also search for explanations for its causes. The term ethnogeny is also used as a variant of ethnogenesis.
Salupati
Salupati  is a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,852 people living in 745 individual households.

Ramechhap District
Ramechhap District (Nepali: रामेछाप जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, also known as Wallo Kirat Ramechhap, has its district headquarters in Manthali and covers an area of 1,546 km2 (597 sq mi). In 2011, the district had a population of 202,646 and population density of 137.4 per km2 (53.1 per sq mi).  It has 11 post offices, with the District Post Office bearing the postal code 45400.

According to EHRP Nepal, the district is made up of eight local municipalities:

Manthali Municipality

Ramechhap Municipality

Umakunda Rural Municipality

Khandadevi Rural Municipality

Gokulganga Rural Municipality

Doramba Rural Municipality

Likhu Rural Municipality

Sunapati Rural Municipality.

Ramechhap District has the highest population of the endangered native group the Kusunda and the lowest population growth rate in Nepal.
Gursharan Singh (theatre director)
Gursharan Singh (September 16, 1929 – September 27, 2011) was an Indian writer, actor, political activist and a progressive director of Punjabi drama. He played the part of Bhai Manna Singh in a popular Punjabi TV drama of the same name on DD Punjabi and became known by that name among residents of Punjab, India. He also worked in Punjabi films like Man Jeete Jag Jeet (1973), where he played the role of Radha Saluja's father; Mutiyar (1979) and Soorma Bhagat (1993).

He won the Kalidasa Award in 2004 and died in Chandigarh at the age of 82. His drama Bhaiji was written when he was an engineer at the Nangal Dam.

Radha Saluja
Radha Saluja is an Indian actress who has worked in Hindi cinema, Punjabi cinema and Tamil, Bengali, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada movies. She was born on 15 September 1951 in Calcutta, West Bengal, India.  An alumna of the Film and Television Institute of India, she is known for her films opposite M. G. Ramachandran like Indru Pol Endrum Vaazhga and Idhayakkani, both of which were blockbusters in Tamil in 1977 and 1975 respectively. She is known for her Hindi films like Haar Jeet (1972) and Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (1973). In 1975, she appeared in the breakthrough Punjabi film Morni (1975).