hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gregor Vietz
Gregor Vietz (born 26 June 1890 in Berlin, date of death unknown) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1912, he finished 27th in the individual cross country event. In the 5000 metres competition as well as of the 10000 metres event he was eliminated in the first round. He was also a member of the German team which was eliminated in the first round of the 3000 metres team race by Sweden.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 3000 metres team race
The men's 3000 metres team race was a track and field athletics event held as part of the athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme.  It was the fourth appearance of a team race style event, though the first to be held at the distance of 3000 metres, which became the standard until the event was eliminated following the 1924 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Friday, July 12, 1912, and on Saturday, July 13, 1912.

Twenty-four runners from five nations competed. NOCs could enter 1 team of 5 athletes, with up to 3 reserves.

According to the International Olympic Committee medal database all five runners were awarded medals.
Braulen Barboza
Braulen Barboza (born 11 May 1955) is a Venezuelan former footballer. He played in two matches for the Venezuela national football team in 1983. He was also part of Venezuela's squad for the 1983 Copa América tournament.

1983 Copa América
The 1983 Copa América football tournament was played between 10 August and 4 November, with all ten CONMEBOL members participating. Defending champions Paraguay received a bye into the semi-finals.

The cup was won by Uruguay, that beat Brazil in the final match. This achievement ended Uruguay's 16-year streak without an official championship since the 1967 South American Championship, and qualified the Celestes to play the first Artemio Franchi Trophy in 1985 against France, winner of the UEFA Euro 1984.
Piotr Beczała
Piotr Beczała (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpjɔtr bɛˈt͡ʂawa]); born 28 December 1966) is a Polish operatic tenor with an international career based primarily in Europe and the United States. He has performed in the world's leading opera houses including Metropolitan Opera, La Scala, Gran Teatre del Liceu, Royal Opera House, Semperoper, Carnegie Hall, Teatro Real, Deutsche Oper Berlin and is particularly known for his portrayals of characters from the operas of Giuseppe Verdi and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In 2015, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta for his artistic achievements.

Ildar Abdrazakov
Ildàr Amìrovich Abdrazàkov (Russian: Ильда́р Ами́рович Абдраза́ков; Bashkir: Абдразаҡов Илдар Әмир улы, Abdrazaqov İldar Ämir ulı; born 26 September 1976) is a Russian bass opera singer. Honoured Artist of Russia (2021).
Lichfield Road, Stone
Lichfield Road is a cricket ground in Stone, Staffordshire.  The ground was established in 1948, when Staffordshire played Buckinghamshire in the grounds first Minor Counties Championship match.  From 1948 to the present day, it has hosted 43 Minor Counties Championship matches.

The first List-A match played on the ground came in the 1973 Gillette Cup between Staffordshire and Dorset. From 1973 to 2004, the ground played host to 13 List-A matches, the last of which saw Staffordshire play Lancashire in the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.  In July 1974, the ground played host to a match between the England U-19 cricket team and West Indian U-19 cricket team, which was the first U-19 match for both teams.

In local domestic cricket, Lichfield Road is the home ground of Stone Cricket Club who play in the North Staffordshire and South Cheshire League.

England under-19 cricket team
The England Under-19 cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket,  have been playing official Under-19 Test matches since 1974. Prior to 1991/92 they were known as England Young Cricketers.

Former captains include Mike Atherton, Michael Vaughan, Alastair Cook and Andrew Flintoff, who have all gone on to captain the senior national team in Test matches after playing for this team.
Jorge Pacheco-Ortiz
Jorge 'Georgie' Pacheco-Ortiz (born June 21, 1998) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player for the Atléticos de San Germán of Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). He played college basketball for the Liberty Flames. He is a part of the Puerto Rico national team.

Baloncesto Superior Nacional
The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, abbreviated as BSN, is the first tier-level professional men's basketball league in Puerto Rico. It was founded in 1929 and is organized by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation.

The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, which is played under FIBA rules, currently consists of 12
teams, of which the most successful has been the Vaqueros de Bayamón with 17 titles as of 2025.

The league has produced players that have distinguished themselves in the NBA, EuroLeague, Spain's ACB, and other tournaments throughout the world. Among them, Georgie Torres was the first Puerto Rican to sign an NBA contract & Butch Lee was the first BSN player to win an NBA title. Later on players including José Ortiz, Ramón Rivas, Daniel Santiago, Carlos Arroyo and J. J. Barea, started their careers playing for BSN teams and later played in the NBA.
Boosting (video games)
Boosting is a method by which low-ranked players in online multiplayer games, such as first-person shooters and massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), hire more skilled players to artificially increase their gaming account rank or winning positions. Boosting is rarely allowed as part of a game's terms of service, and while legal in most countries, boosted accounts are sometimes banned or reset if detected. In South Korea, it was declared a criminal offense in 2018, leading various companies to tighten their policies on it. The act of boosting negatively impacts game balance by allowing unskilled players to lower the quality of high-ranking play, making the game less viable and enjoyable. However, the extent of the crackdown on boosting has been debated, with some calling it not severe enough to merit criminal penalties.

Team Impulse
Team Impulse (TiP) was a professional League of Legends team that competed in the North American League of Legends Championship Series (NA LCS). The team was previously known as LMQ and was founded as a sister team to Royal Club that competed in the League of Legends Pro League in China. The team moved to North America on December 15, 2013, and competed in the North American scene. The team previously competed under the name LMQ iBUYPOWER in representation of their former sponsor iBUYPOWER. On December 26, the team rebranded as Team Impulse.
Villa de Álvarez Municipality
Villa de Álvarez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbiʝa ðe ˈalβaɾes]) is a municipality in the Mexican state of Colima, being the smallest but most densely populated municipality in Colima. 
The municipal seat lies at Villa de Álvarez.

The municipality covers an area of 428.4 km2, and, in 2005, reported a total population of 100,121.

The municipality of Villa de Álvarez is located in the north-central zone of the state of Colima. between the geographic coordinates 19°13'-19°26' north latitude and 103°38'-104°02' west longitude and its altitude fluctuates between 400 and 1800 meters above sea level. It borders the municipality of Minatitlán to the northwest, the municipality of Comala to the north, the municipality of Cuauhtémoc to the northeast, the municipality of Colima to the southeast and the municipality of Coquimatlán to the south.

Cuauhtémoc
Cuauhtémoc (Nahuatl pronunciation: [kʷaːʍˈtemoːk] ⓘ, Spanish pronunciation: [kwawˈtemok] ⓘ), also known as Cuauhtemotzín, Guatimozín, or Guatémoc, was the Aztec ruler (tlatoani) of Tenochtitlan from 1520 to 1521, and the last Aztec Emperor.  The name Cuauhtemōc means "one who has descended like an eagle", commonly rendered in English as "Descending Eagle", evoking a raptor diving toward its prey.

Cuauhtémoc took power in 1520 as successor of Cuitláhuac and was a cousin of the late emperor Moctezuma II. His young wife, who was later known as Isabel Moctezuma, was one of Moctezuma's daughters. He ascended to the throne when he was around 25 years old, while Tenochtitlan was besieged by the Spanish and devastated by an epidemic of smallpox brought to the Americas by Spanish conquerors. After the killings in the Great Temple, there were probably few Aztec captains available to take the position.
2018 Heilbronner Neckarcup – Doubles
Roman Jebavý and Antonio Šančić were the defending champions but only Jebavý chose to defend his title, partnering Florin Mergea. Jebavý lost in the first round to Denys Molchanov and Igor Zelenay.

Rameez Junaid and David Pel won the title after defeating Kevin Krawietz and Andreas Mies 6–2, 2–6, [10–7] in the final.

Denys Molchanov
Denys Petrovych Molchanov (Ukrainian: Денис Петрович Молчанов; born 16 May 1987) is a Ukrainian tennis player competing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 58 on 29 January 2024. In 2015 he reached his highest singles ranking of No. 169.

He has won two ATP doubles titles. He has also won 15 ITF singles and 66 doubles titles, 36 of them Challengers. He also played for the Ukraine Davis Cup team.
Villa dei Volusii
The ancient Roman Villa dei Volusii or Villa dei Volusii-Saturnini is an archaeological site located in the municipality of Fiano Romano, next to the ancient Roman town and sanctuary of Lucus Feroniae, along the route of ancient Via Tiberina.

This villa is a unique example of an almost entirely excavated large senatorial villa in Italy.

It was a luxurious villa owned by the politically powerful senatorial family of the Volusii Saturnini, and one of the largest Roman villas.

Cryptoporticus
In Ancient Roman architecture a cryptoporticus (from Latin crypta and porticus) is a covered corridor or passageway. The usual English is "cryptoportico". The cryptoportico is a semi-subterranean gallery whose vaulting supports portico structures aboveground and which is lit from openings at the tops of its arches.

On sloping sites the open side of a cryptoporticus is often partially at ground level and supports a structure such as a forum or Roman villa, in which case it served as basis villae. It is often vaulted and lit by openings in the vault. In the letters of Pliny the Younger, the term is used as a synonym of crypt. The shade and semi-excavated site of a cryptoportico provided cool and moderated temperatures useful for storage of perishables, while it offered a level and slightly raised podium for the superstructure.
Jhor Mahankal
Jhor Mahankal is a village and former village development committee which is part of the Tokha municipality in Kathmandu District, Bagmati Province of central Nepal. It had a population of 4,103 in the 2011 Nepal census, with 873 households. Jhor Mahankal is known for Baruneshwar Gufa (Baruneshwar in Swosthani Katha) and its waterfalls. A number of clans live there, primarily the Adhikaris ("Officer" in English), Lamichanne, Dulals, Bidari, and Tamang. Jhor Mahankal is 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Kathmandu, with bus service from the Jhor bus station to Simalchour Syampati and Samakhushi and Ratna Park in Kathmandu.

Adhikari
Adhikari (Devanāgarī: अधिकारी, Sinhala: අදිකාරී, Bengali: অধিকারী,  Odia : ଅଧିକାରୀ; also spelt Adhikary) is a surname originating in the Indian subcontinent. Those having their surname as Adhikari are mainly found in Nepal and Indian states of  Uttarakhand, West Bengal and also in fewer parts of Southern Bihar such as Bhagalpur, Purnea etc. as these areas have a greater influence of Bengali culture and many Bengalis have settled in these area. In Bengal Adhikari surname is mainly found among Baishnab
, and other communities as well. In Nepal, Adhikari are of Brahmin, Chhetri and Rajbanshi. The surname is also found among several groups including  Bengalis, Biharis, Sinhalese, Marathis, Odias, Nepalese, Kamatapuri and Kumaonis. Adhikari is literally translated as Officer.
Duncan Drummond
Duncan Weir Drummond (12 May 1923 – 17 May 1985) was a Scottish first-class cricketer.

Drummond was born at Greenock in May 1923 and was educated at Merchiston Castle School. A club cricketer for Greenock Cricket Club, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Scotland against Worcestershire at Dundee in 1951. Drummond was a regular feature in the Scotland team of the 1950s, making fifteen first-class appearances from 1951 to 1957. He later made two final first-class appearances in 1961, against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Greenock, and Ireland at Cork. Playing as an all-rounder, he scored 263 runs at an average of 12.52, with a highest score of 33. With his right-arm medium pace bowling, he took 20 wickets at a bowling average of 38.55. His best figures of 4 for 73 came against Worcestershire in 1952. Outside of cricket, Drummound was a company director. He died at Greenock in May 1985.

Merchiston Castle School
Merchiston Castle School is an independent boarding school for boys in the suburb of Colinton in Edinburgh, Scotland.  It has around 470 pupils and is open to boys between the ages of 7 and 18 as either boarding or day pupils; it was modelled after English public schools. It is divided into Merchiston Juniors (ages 7–13), Middle Years (ages 13–16) and a Sixth Form.
Versus You
Versus You is a four-piece punk rock, pop-punk band from Luxembourg, founded in 2005 by Eric Rosenfeld and Giordano Bruno. In 2014, Le Quotidien described the band, with its nearly 10-year history, as an "institution in the Luxembourg rock scene" ("une institution de la scène rock locale"). The band has released four full albums plus a split album with White Flag and toured internationally.

Sunny Afternoon
"Sunny Afternoon" is a song by the Kinks, written by Ray Davies and released as a single in June 1966. The track was included on the Face to Face album released in late October, and served as the title track for a 1967 compilation album. Like its contemporary "Taxman" by the Beatles, the song references the high levels of progressive tax taken by the British Labour government of Harold Wilson, although it does so through the lens of an unsympathetic aristocrat bemoaning the loss of his vast unearned wealth. Its strong music hall flavour and lyrical focus was part of a stylistic departure for the band (begun with 1965's "A Well Respected Man"), which had risen to fame in 1964–65 with a series of hard-driving, power-chord rock hits.
Woodlawn Cemetery (Canandaigua, New York)
Woodlawn Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at Canandaigua, Ontario County, New York, United States.

In June 1884, officers and trustees were elected and the original 28 acres (110,000 m2) of land were purchased from Lucius Wilcox. Over the years, people left adjacent land to the cemetery which now totals 64.4 acres (261,000 m2) in the city and 7 acres (28,000 m2) in the town of Canandaigua and serves as a burial site for more than 13,000 people.

The Woodlawn Cemetery chapel was dedicated in 1910. In 2014 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Ontario County, New York
Ontario County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 112,458. The county seat is Canandaigua. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.
M. R. D. Dattan
M R D Dattan (7 July 1935 – 1 August 2006) was an artist and sculptor in the state of Kerala, India. Dattan's works include statues of Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Vivekananda and Sree Narayana Guru. He had created more than 200 statues of Sree Narayana Guru alone.

He was the son of Raman (who was the Palace painter of Kochi royal family) and Kavootti. After his studies at Madras School of Art, he returned to Kerala to become the director of Cochin School of Art that his father established.

His other works include statues of C. Kesavan, Vallathol Narayanamenon, Dr. Ambedkar, Panambilli Govindamenon, R. Venkata Raman and "Guruvayur Kesavan". He was also the recipient of the Lalith Kala Akademi fellowship.

Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai
The Government College of Fine Arts (initially known as the Madras School of Art) in Chennai is the oldest art institution in India. The institution was established in 1850 by surgeon Alexander Hunter as a private art school. In 1852, after being taken over by the government, it was renamed as the Government School of Industrial Arts. In 1962, it was renamed as the Government School of Arts and Crafts and the Government College of Arts and Crafts, before finally being renamed as present.
Peichev
Peichev or Peychev (Bulgarian: Пейчев); feminine: Peicheva, Peycheva is a Bulgarian patronymic surname derived from the given name Peicho. Notable people with the surname include:

Gergana Peycheva (born 2003), Bulgarian chess master

Ivan Peychev (1916–1976),  Bulgarian poet and playwright

Khriska Peycheva (born 1955), Bulgarian former swimmer

Lozanka Peycheva Bulgarian folklorist and musicologist, professor

Peycho Peychev (born 1913), Bulgarian general and politician

Rositsa Peycheva (born 973) Bulgarian folk and pop-folk singer

Simona Peycheva (born 1985), Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast

Stefan Peychev  (1897–1976), Bulgarian sculptor

Vera Jürgens (née Peicheva, 1969), also known as Vera Peicheva-Jürgens, Bulgarian and German female chess player

Vera Jürgens
Vera Jürgens (née Peicheva, born 5 September 1969), also known as Vera Peicheva-Jürgens, is a Bulgarian and German female chess player. She earned the FIDE title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM) in 1993 and won the Bulgarian Women's Chess Championship in 1990.
David Hermance
David W. Hermance (September 27, 1947 – November 25, 2006) was an American automotive engineer called the "American father of the Prius." According to Automotive News, Hermance was considered the top American executive for alternative fuel vehicles.

David Weston Hermance was born in Logansport, Indiana to Keith  Weston Hermance and Margaret "Peg" Johnstone Hermance.   David Hermance earned a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering from the General Motors Institute. He joined General Motors in 1965 and served in a variety of roles in the Vehicle Emissions Laboratory from 1971 to 1985. From 1985 to 1991, Hermance served as department head for durability
test development at General Motors. He was a member of the Society of Automotive Engineers.

Kettering University
Kettering University is a private university in Flint, Michigan. It offers bachelor of science and master’s degrees in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and business. Kettering University undergraduate students must complete at least five co-op terms to graduate.

Kettering University is named after inventor and former head of research for General Motors, Charles F. Kettering. He was a distinguished inventor, researcher, and proponent of cooperative education.
Benjamin B. Leas House
Benjamin B. Leas House, also known as Shirleysburg Female Seminary, Fort Shirley Site, and "The Rock," is a historic home located at Shirleysburg in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1850, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, rectangular red brick building, five-bays wide and measuring 41 feet by 32 feet. It has a rear kitchen / servant's quarters wing. The house is in the Greek Revival style. The house was built on the site of Fort Shirley, originally built in 1755. The house was used for a seminary from 1855 to 1866, as a rest-home for members of the German Baptist Church from 1885 to 1893, then housed the Shirleysburg Female Seminary until about 1903.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
Huntingdon County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,092. Its county seat is Huntingdon. The county was created on September 20, 1787, mainly from the northern part of Bedford County, plus an addition of territory on the east (Big Valley, Tuscarora Valley) from Cumberland County. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Huntingdon County comprises the Huntingdon, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Jane Harman
Jane Margaret Harman (née Lakes, June 28, 1945) is an American former politician who served as the U.S. representative for California's 36th congressional district from 1993 to 1999 and again from 2001 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the ranking member on the House Intelligence Committee (2002–2006), before she chaired the Homeland Security Committee's Intelligence Subcommittee (2007–2011). Harman was a conservative Blue Dog Democrat.

Resigning from Congress in February 2011, Harman became president and CEO of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. She succeeded former U.S. representative Lee Hamilton and was the first ever woman to lead the organization. She stepped down in February 2021. She is also a distinguished scholar and president emerita.

Ranking member
In United States politics, a ranking member is the most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the minority party.  On many committees the ranking minority member, along with the Chair, serve as ex officio members of all of the committee's subcommittees.

Both the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives use ranking members as part of their legislative structure.

When party control of a legislative chamber changes, a committee's ranking minority member is generally ensured to become the next chairman of the committee, and vice versa.
Abdullah al-Aydarus
ʿAbdullāh Al-ʿAydarūs (العيدروس also spelled in romanized as Al-Aidrus, Al-Aidroos, Al-Aydarus, Al-Edrus or Al-Idrus) is the name of several people of Hadhrami heritage:

ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbd al-Rahman as-Saqqāf Al-Aydarus, scholar and father of Abu Bakr al-Aydarus, the founder of the al-ʿAydarūs branch of the Bā ʿAlawiyyah clan

ʿAbdullāh al-ʿAydarūs (died 1582), a Gujarati Sufi scholar

Abdullah ibn Shaykh al-Aydarus (died 1609), Acehnese religious leader (naqib)

Hadharem
The Hadharem (Arabic: حضارم, romanized: ḥaḍārim; singular: Hadhrami, Arabic: حضرمي, romanized: ḥaḍramī) are an Arab ethnographic group indigenous to the Hadhramaut region in the Arabian Peninsula, which is part of modern-day Yemen, southern Oman, and southern Saudi Arabia. The spoken language of the Hadharem is Hadhrami Arabic. Among the two million inhabitants of Hadhramaut, there are about 1,300 distinct tribes.
Parity progression ratios
A parity progression ratios (PPR) is a measure commonly used in demography to study fertility.  The PPR is simply the proportion of women with a certain number of children who go on to have another child.  
Calculating the PPR, also known as , can be achieved by using the following formula:

In more developed countries where two-child families are seen as the norm  (or the proportion of women with two children who go on to have a third) is of critical importance in determining overall fertility levels.

is simply the proportion of women who become mothers.

Formula
In science, a formula is a concise way of expressing information symbolically, as in a mathematical formula or a chemical formula. The informal use of the term formula in science refers to the general construct of a relationship between given quantities.

The plural of formula can be either formulas (from the most common English plural noun form) or, under the influence of scientific Latin, formulae (from the original Latin).