hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
B Corporation (certification)
In business, a company that uses the “Certified B Corporation” trademark (also B Corporation  or B Corp) is a for-profit corporation certified for its social impact by B Lab, a private global non-profit organization. To be granted and to maintain certification, a company must receive a minimum score of 80 from an assessment of its social and environmental performance, integrate B Corp commitments to stakeholders into company governing documents, and pay an annual fee based on annual sales. Companies must re-certify every three years to retain B Corporation status.

As of March 2025, there are 9,576 certified B Corporations across 160 industries in 102 countries.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Finding Merlin
Finding Merlin: The Truth Behind The Legend is a 2007 book by Scottish advocate Adam Ardrey, in which he puts forward the theory that Merlin was a Scottish druid, politician and scholar. The book claims that Merlin was born in 540 CE in Cadzow (Hamilton), and died circa 618  in Drumelzier, near Dunipace. The book also states that one of Merlin's main antagonists was Saint Mungo.

Advocate
An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries and legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.

"Advocate" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as "Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili". "Advocate" also has the everyday meaning of speaking out to help someone else, such as patient advocacy or the support expected from an elected politician; this article does not cover those senses.
Ratečevo Brdo
Ratečevo Brdo (pronounced [ˈɾaːtɛtʃɛʋɔ ˈbəɾdɔ]; German: Ratetschewo Berdo, Italian: Ratecevo in Monte) is a small village in the hills north of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and belongs to the Parish of Zagorje.

Zagorje, Pivka
Zagorje (pronounced [zaˈɡoːɾjɛ]; German: Sagorje) is a village in the Municipality of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Helena and belongs to the Koper Diocese. The chapel at the cemetery, north of the settlement, is dedicated to Saint Paul.
Orkney Manifesto Group
The Orkney Manifesto Group (OMG) was a minor political party in Orkney, Scotland. The group advocated for politicisation of Orkney Islands Council, believing that party-based representation would offer more robust democratic governance than the current council of elected independents. The OMG started as an alliance of three independents who campaigned on a joint manifesto for the 2012 election, before finally registering as a party in 2013.

The party won two seats at the 2017 Orkney Islands Council election.

The party de-registered with the Electoral Commission on 29 March 2022, and as a result fielded no candidates in the 2022 Orkney election. Rachael King is the only OMG councillor to seek re-election, as an independent candidate.

Orkney Islands Council
Orkney Islands Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Arcaibh) is the local authority for the Orkney Islands, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It was established in 1975 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and was largely unaffected by the Scottish local government changes of 1996. The council is based in Kirkwall.

It provides services in the areas of environmental health, roads, social work, community development, organisational development, economic development, building standards, trading standards, housing, waste, education, burial grounds, port and harbours and others. The council collects Council Tax.

The council is also the harbour authority for Orkney and its marine services division manages the operation of the islands' 29 piers and harbours.
Barbara M. Young
Barbara M. Young is a judge on the Supreme Court of British Columbia.

Barbara Young studied law at the University of Calgary, graduating with an LL.B. in 1985. She was admitted to the Bar of British Columbia in 1986, practiced primarily in family law, personal injury and bankruptcy in Vancouver and was appointed the Queen's Counsel in 2005. She was appointed to the Supreme Court of British Columbia on June 19, 2015.

Young became a certified family mediator in 1996 and was admitted to the child protection mediation roster in 2003. She was appointed Queen’s counsel (QC) in January 2006.

Young was the sitting judge on the Cowichan Tribes v. Canada case in 2025. On August 7, 2025, she ruled that the Cowichan Tribes had established Aboriginal title to approximately 750 acres in the city of Richmond, British Columbia.

Aboriginal land title in Canada
In Canada, aboriginal title is considered a sui generis interest in land. Aboriginal title has been described this way in order to distinguish it from other proprietary interests, but also due to the fact its characteristics cannot be explained by reference either to only the common law rules of real property, or to only the rules of property found in Indigenous legal systems. The Supreme Court of Canada has characterised the idea that aboriginal title is sui generis as the unifying principle underlying the various dimensions of that title. Aboriginal title is properly construed as neither a real right nor a personal right, despite the fact that it appears to share characteristics of both real and personal rights.  Aboriginal title refers to the concept of a sui generis right in land that originates from the exclusive occupation and use of a specific territory by an aboriginal group over which the group has a native historic attachment.
Apache Derby
Apache Derby (previously distributed as IBM Cloudscape) is a (retired) relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 3.5 MB disk-space footprint.

Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license. For a time, Oracle distributed the same binaries under the name Java DB. In June 2015 they announced that for JDK 9 they would no longer be doing so. In October 2025 Derby developers voted to retire the project and stop supporting it.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Zombie animal
In fiction, a zombie animal is a non-human creature that becomes a zombie. Domesticated animal species have most frequently been depicted in this role: A zombie dog appeared in the film The Last Man on Earth in 1964, and an infected dog is the source of the zombie virus in REC (2007). Night of the Zombies (1981) features a scare from a zombie cat, as does Scouts Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse. A jump scare scene featuring zombie dogs in the first Resident Evil is considered to be a seminal horror scene in video game history.

Rec (film)
Rec (stylized as [•REC]; short for "record") is a 2007 Spanish found footage zombie horror film co-written and directed by Jaume Balagueró and Paco Plaza. The film stars Manuela Velasco as television reporter Ángela Vidal, who and her cameraman accompany firefighters on a late-night call to an apartment building in Barcelona, where an outbreak prompts authorities to seal the building and place its occupants under quarantine.

Rec was released on 23 November 2007 to critical and commercial success. It has appeared on lists and retrospectives covering found-footage and horror cinema.

The film spawned the Rec film series, which includes three sequels: Rec 2 (2009), Rec 3: Genesis (2012), and Rec 4: Apocalypse (2014). An American remake, Quarantine, was released in 2008, followed by Quarantine 2: Terminal (2011).
NCAA Season 95
NCAA Season 95 was the 2019–20 collegiate athletic year of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) of the Philippines. It was hosted by Arellano University. No overall championship title was awarded for this season due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.

Arellano University
Arellano University (AU) is a private, nonsectarian university located in Manila, the Philippines. It was founded in 1938 as a law school by Florentino Cayco Sr., the first Filipino Undersecretary of Public Instruction. The university was named after Cayetano Arellano, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. It operates seven campuses located throughout Metro Manila and the main campus is located along Legarda Street, Sampaloc, Manila. The Arellano University School of Law is autonomous and managed by the Arellano Law Foundation. Its athletic team, the Arellano University Chiefs, is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 2009.
Abul Hasan Siddiqi
Abul Hasan Siddiqi (10 January 1943 – 20 January 2020) was an Indian mathematician and  Professor of Applied Mathematics. Siddiqi was the President of Indian Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ISIAM). He was Editor-in-Chief of a series of Industrial and Applied Mathematics of Springer Nature.

German Academic Exchange Service
The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD; German: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst), The German Academic Exchange Service e. V. (DAAD), founded in 1925, is a joint organization of German universities and student bodies to foster their international relations. Joybrato Mukherjee has been President since January 1, 2020.
Cornelius Bongey
Cornelius Bongey (or Bungey) (died 19 September 1555) was an English Protestant martyr who was burnt at  Coventry in September 1555.

Little is known of his life, except that he was a capper (or hatmaker), and that he was accused, and did not deny, that he “did hold, maintain, argue and teach” a range of Protestant beliefs, suggesting he was a lay preacher. 
He was tried before the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry and sentenced to death.

Bongey was burnt to death at Coventry for heresy on 20 September 1555, together with Robert Glover. They, and ten other such martyrs from the reigns of Henry VIII and Mary I, are commemorated on a memorial in the city, and are known collectively as the Coventry Martyrs.

Bishop of Lichfield
The Bishop of Lichfield is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Lichfield in the Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers 4,516 km2 (1,744 sq. mi.) of the counties of Powys, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Warwickshire and West Midlands. The bishop's seat is located in the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Chad in the city of Lichfield. The Bishop's residence is the Bishop's House, Lichfield, in the cathedral close. In the past, the title has had various forms (see below). The current bishop is Michael Ipgrave, following the confirmation of his election on 10 June 2016.
Kela, Semnan
Kela (Persian: كلا, also Romanized as Kelā and Kalā) is a village in Qohab-e Rastaq Rural District, Amirabad District, Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 127, in 41 families.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Kilmodan Carved Stones
The Kilmodan Carved Stones are a group of West Highland carved grave slabs exhibited in a burial aisle within Kilmodan Churchyard, Clachan of Glendaruel, in the Cowal Peninsula, in Argyll and Bute, west of Scotland. They are in the care of Historic Scotland.

Historic Scotland
Historic Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba Aosmhor) was an executive agency of the Scottish Office and later the Scottish Government from 1991 to 2015, responsible for safeguarding Scotland's built heritage and promoting its understanding and enjoyment. Under the terms of a Bill of the Scottish Parliament published on 3 March 2014, Historic Scotland was dissolved and its functions were transferred to Historic Environment Scotland (HES) on 1 October 2015. HES also took over the functions of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
2004–05 Welsh League Cup
The 2004–05 Welsh League Cup season was won by Carmarthen Town, beating Rhyl FC in the final. It was the first victory for Carmarthen Town in the competition, and the third appearance by Rhyl FC in the final. The final took place at Latham Park, in Newtown, Wales. The match was refereed by N L Morgan.

Newtown, Powys
Newtown (Welsh: Y Drenewydd) is a town in Powys, Wales. It lies on the River Severn in the community of Newtown and Llanllwchaiarn, within the historic boundaries of Montgomeryshire. It was designated a new town in 1967 and saw population growth as firms settled, changing its market town character. Its 2001 population of 10,780 rose to 11,357 in the 2011 census, and rose again to 11,362 in the 2021 census.

Newtown was the birthplace of Robert Owen in 1771, whose house stood on the present site of the HSBC Bank. The town has a theatre, Theatr Hafren, and a public gallery, Oriel Davies, displaying contemporary arts and crafts. It is the largest town in Powys and Mid Wales.
Poasa Waqanibau
Poasa Waqanibau (born 24 March 1994) is a Fijian professional rugby union player. He plays as a winger for the Colorno in Italian Serie A Elite.

Waqainbau previously, in 2018 and 2019, played for Canterbury in the Mitre 10 Cup and Fijian Drua in the NRC. From 2020 to 2022, he played for the New England Free Jacks in Major League Rugby (MLR). He played for Calvisano in Italian Top10 in 2022−23 season.

He also played for Fiji under-20s.

Canterbury Rugby Football Union
The Canterbury Rugby Football Union (which is also referred to as Canterbury or CRFU) is the governing body for rugby union in a portion of the Canterbury region of New Zealand, and runs the Canterbury representative team. The Canterbury team has won the National Provincial Championship, Air New Zealand Cup, and the ITM Cup 14 times including a "six-peat" from 2008 to 2013 – with five in the National Provincial Championship, two in the Air New Zealand Cup, five in the ITM Cup and one in the Mitre 10 Cup. Their most recent victory was the 2017 Mitre 10 Cup. Canterbury also acts as a primary feeder to the Crusaders, who play in the Super Rugby competition.

The union also administers all club rugby within the region, including senior club rugby and school rugby. Canterbury has produced the most All Blacks of any New Zealand region, with Scott Barrett becoming Canterbury's 200th All Black in 2016.
San Vicente, Buenos Aires
San Vicente is a town and administrative centre of San Vicente Partido, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The southernmost town in the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, San Vicente is 48 km (30 mi) from downtown Buenos Aires, and can be accessed from Constitución Station by bus via Line 79 or a 20-minute drive by Provincial Route 58 from Ezeiza International Airport. The city has about 21,000 inhabitants per the 2001 census [INDEC].

Ministro Pistarini International Airport
Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional Ministro Pistarini) (IATA: EZE, ICAO: SAEZ), also known as Ezeiza International Airport owing to its location in Ezeiza in Greater Buenos Aires, is an international airport 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-southwest of the autonomous city of Buenos Aires, the capital city of Argentina. Covering 3,475 hectares (13.42 sq mi; 8,590 acres), it is one of two commercial airports serving Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area, along with Aeroparque Jorge Newbery. Pistarini Airport is the country's largest international airport by number of passengers handled—85% of international traffic—and is a hub for international flights of Aerolíneas Argentinas, which operates domestic services from the airport as well. It has been operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 S.A. since 1998.
Andrés Ibargüen (footballer)
Andrés Felipe Ibargüen García (born 7 May 1992) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Categoría Primera A club Once Caldas. He is sometimes referred to as El Milagro Ibargüen (The Miracle) a name given to him by Colombian commentators during his time at Atlético Nacional.

Once Caldas
Once Caldas S.A., simply known as Once Caldas, is a professional Colombian football team based in Manizales, that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A. The club plays its home games at Estadio Palogrande.

The club was founded in 1961 after the merger of Deportes Caldas and Deportivo Manizales (also known as Once Deportivo).

The club has won the Categoría Primera A four times, but is mainly known for its 2004 Copa Libertadores title.
Medicine Lake, Minnesota
Medicine Lake is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Located on a peninsula that juts into a lake of the same name. The population was 337 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 1,343 in 2024.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
2017 Asian Men's Club League Handball Championship
‌The 2017 Asian Club League Handball Championship was the 20th edition of the championship held under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation. The championship was hosted by Handball Federation of India at the Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad (India) from 20 to 30 November 2017. It was the official competition for men's handball clubs of Asia crowning the Asian champions. Al-Najma wins the championship by beating Al-Duhail Club (Qatar) by 21 – 16 in a low scoring match. The winner qualifies for the 2018 IHF Super Globe.

2018 IHF Super Globe
The 2018 IHF Super Globe was the twelfth edition of the tournament. It was held in Doha, Qatar at the Duhail Handball Sports Hall from 16 to 19 October 2018.

In a repeat of the previous year's final, Barcelona won their fourth title after a 29–24 win over Berlin.
Gagarin (surname)
Gagarin (Russian: Гагарин), or Gagarina (feminine; Гагарина), is a Russian surname derived from the word gagara, meaning loon (a waterbird, genus Gavia). Notable people with the surname include:

Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968), Russian cosmonaut, the first man to travel in space

Gagarin family, a Rurikid princely family

Anna Gagarina, maiden name of Anna Lopukhina (1777–1805), mistress of Emperor Paul of Russia

Ivan Gagarin (1814–1882), Russian Jesuit theologian

Nikolai Gagarin (1784–1842), Russian soldier and politician

Grigory Gagarin (1810–1893), Russian painter, major general and administrator

Polina Gagarina (born 1987), Russian singer, songwriter, actress, and model

Andrey Gagarin (1934–2011), Russian prince and scientist

Yekaterina Gagarina (1790–1873), wife of Russian diplomat Prince Grigory Gagarin and the daughter of the Secretary of State Pyotr Soymonov

Polina Gagarina
Polina Sergeyevna Gagarina (Russian: Полина Сергеевна Гагарина, IPA: [pɐˈlʲinə sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvnə ɡɐˈɡarʲɪnə]; born 27 March 1987) is a Russian singer and songwriter. She represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with "A Million Voices" where she finished second with 303 points. In doing so, she became the first second-placed finisher to exceed 300 points. Gagarina also participated in the Chinese reality-competition Singer in 2019, where she was one of the finalists.

She was the tenth-highest Russian earner on Instagram and YouTube in 2021, with net revenue of about 6 million US dollars from 8.9 million subscribers.
Paul W. Ewald
Paul W. Ewald (born c. 1953) is an American evolutionary biologist, specializing in the evolutionary ecology of parasitism, evolutionary medicine, agonistic behavior, and pollination biology. He is the author of Evolution of Infectious Disease (1994) and Plague Time: The New Germ Theory of Disease (2002), and is currently director of the program in Evolutionary Medicine at the Biology Department of the University of Louisville.

Ewald is known for his theories on the evolution of virulence and his theory that many common diseases of unknown origin are likely the result of chronic low-level infections from viruses, bacteria or protozoa. Ewald contended with the conventional wisdom that a "well-adapted parasite is a benign parasite," pointing out that this idea relies on group selection, and instead suggested that low virulence is only selected for if the pathogen relies on host mobility for transmission.

Evolutionary medicine
Evolutionary medicine or Darwinian medicine is the application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease.  Modern biomedical research and practice have focused on the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying health and disease, while evolutionary medicine focuses on the question of why evolution has shaped these mechanisms in ways that may leave us susceptible to disease.  The evolutionary approach has driven important advances in the understanding of cancer, autoimmune disease, and anatomy. Medical schools have been slower to integrate evolutionary approaches because of limitations on what can be added to existing medical curricula. The International Society for Evolution, Medicine and Public Health coordinates efforts to develop the field. It owns the Oxford University Press journal Evolution, Medicine and Public Health and The Evolution and Medicine Review.