hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nobelinstitut
Nobelinstitut is a term for a number of scientific institutes created in the various institutions that appoint laureates of the various Nobel Prizes. The nobel institutes are primarily intended to support the Nobel Committees in their efforts to review proposals submitted for prize winners. They originally intended to also work as independent research institutes in their field, but this role is now of less importance. The opportunity for the prize-awarding institutions to set up the Nobel Institutes was included in the Nobel Foundation original foundation statutes.  The establishment of such institutions was however not written in the will of Alfred Nobel.  Å.G. Ekstrand meant that the idea probably came from the chemist Lars Fredrik Nilson.

Institute
An institute is an organizational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body.

In some countries, institutes can be part of a university or other institutions of higher education, either as a group of departments or an autonomous educational institution without a traditional university status such as a "university institute", or institute of technology. In some countries, such as South Korea and India, private schools are sometimes referred to as institutes; also, in Spain, secondary schools are referred to as institutes.

Historically, in some countries, institutes were educational units imparting vocational training and often incorporating libraries, also known as mechanics' institutes.

The word "institute" comes from the Latin word institutum ("facility" or "habit"), in turn derived from instituere ("build", "create", "raise" or "educate").
171st Aviation Regiment (United States)
The 171st Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army.

The regiment was constituted 8 June 1995 as the 171st Aviation, a parent regiment under the United States Army Regimental System and allotted to the Army National Guard of Georgia and Florida. It was organized on 1 September 1996, to consist of the 1st Battalion with headquarters at Winder, Georgia.

On 3 March 2001, a Short C-23B+ Sherpa (Shorts 360), 93-1336, of Det. 1, H Company, 171st Aviation Regiment, Florida Army National Guard, based at Lakeland Linder International Airport, crashed during heavy rainstorms around 1100 hrs. in Unadilla, Georgia. All 21 people on board were killed. The aircraft was en route from Hurlburt Field, Florida to NAS Oceana, Virginia with a Virginia Beach-based USAF RED HORSE engineer detachment on board who had been training at Hurlburt.

Lakeland Linder International Airport
Lakeland Linder International Airport (IATA: LAL, ICAO: KLAL, FAA LID: LAL) is a public airport five miles southwest of Lakeland, in Polk County, Florida. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a national reliever facility for Tampa International Airport. The airport has a Class 1 Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 139 operating certificate allowing passenger airline flights.

Annually, around March–April, the airport hosts the Sun 'n Fun Aerospace Expo, a six-day fly-in, airshow and aviation convention. It is the second largest such event in the United States after the Experimental Aircraft Association's (EAA) annual "AirVenture" event each summer at Wittman Regional Airport (OSH) in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

The airport is home to the southeast regional air cargo hub for Amazon Air, which started operations at the airport in July 2020.
Abdalah El Masry
Abdalah El Masry, also known as Abdallah Elmasry and Abdallah Yaser (born 16 June 1999) is an Egyptian professional squash player who plays for Egypt men's national squash team. He achieved his highest career PSA singles ranking of World No. 224 in March 2020 during the 2019-20 PSA World Tour.

Egypt men's national squash team
The Egypt men's national squash team represents Egypt in international squash team competitions, and is governed by the Egyptian Squash Association.

Since 1969, Egypt has won 7 WSF World Team Championships titles. Their most recent title came in 2024.
Gregory Bonsignore
Gregory Bonsignore (born 1983) is an American playwright, television program creator, director for theatre, television and film, producer, novelist, musical theatre librettist and lyricist, screenwriter, comedian and actor.

Three Rivers (TV series)
Three Rivers is an American medical drama television series that aired on CBS from October 4, 2009, to July 3, 2010, and starred Alex O'Loughlin in the role of a famous transplant surgeon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. On November 30, 2009, after just eight episodes of the season had aired Sunday at 9:00 pm (EST), CBS announced that Three Rivers had been pulled from its schedule with no plans to have it returned, and the series was later officially cancelled. However, the remaining unaired episodes were burned off Saturdays at 8:00 pm (EST).
John Guerrant
John Guerrant (March 23, 1760 – December 7, 1813 ) was a Virginia military officer, planter and politician descended from Huguenot refugees. He served in the Continental Line during the American Revolutionary War, then several terms in the Virginia House of Delegates representing his native Goochland County, which he also represented in the Virginia Ratifying Convention of 1788, during which he voted against ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Guerrant later aligned with the Democratic-Republican Party and also served on the Virginia Council of State.

Virginia Ratifying Convention
The Virginia Ratifying Convention (also historically referred to as the "Virginia Federal Convention") was a convention of 168 delegates from Virginia who met in 1788 to ratify or reject the United States Constitution, which had been drafted at the Philadelphia Convention the previous year. The Convention met and deliberated from June 2 through June 27 in Richmond at the Richmond Theatre, presently the site of Monumental Church. Judge Edmund Pendleton, Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention, served as the convention's president by unanimous consent.
Sen (surname)
Sen (Bengali: সেন) is a native Bengali Hindu surname .The meaning of the Sanskrit word सेन is  "being a lord, master or leader" .

The surname is commonly found in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent; namely Bangladesh & West Bengal, India mainly among Bengali Baidya and Kayastha communities. The Sena kings of Bengal claimed themselves as Brahmakshatriya or Kshatriya in their own inscriptions. The surname is also found among some other castes of Bengal like Suvarna Banik, Gandhabanik and Teli.

Gandhabanik
Gandhabanik (Bengali: গন্ধবণিক) is a Bengali Hindu trading caste, who as the caste name suggests, traditionally used to trade in perfumes, cosmetics, spices etc. They were also  engaged in agriculture. As of late nineteenth century they were one of the fourteen castes belonging to Nabasakh group.

It is believed that the legendary sea merchant Chand Sadagar of ancient Champaknagar was from Gandhabanik community.
Organogermanium chemistry
Organogermanium chemistry is the science of chemical species containing one or more C–Ge bonds. Germanium shares group 14 in the periodic table with carbon, silicon, tin and lead. Historically, organogermanes are considered as nucleophiles and the reactivity of them is between that of organosilicon and organotin compounds. Some organogermanes have enhanced reactivity compared with their organosilicon and organoboron analogues in some cross-coupling reactions.

In general, organogermanium chemistry is much less well-developed than the other group-14 congeners, mainly because germanium is expensive.

Cross-coupling reaction
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:

R, R' = organic fragments, usually aryl;
M = main group center such as Li or Mg;
X = halide

These reactions are used to form carbon–carbon bonds but also carbon-heteroatom bonds.  Cross-coupling reaction are a subset of coupling reactions.

Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.
Fly Aeolus
Fly Aeolus is a Belgian limited liability partnership (BV) which offers private jet flights in the form of an air taxi under a fractional ownership model. The company was founded in 2009 in the city of Antwerp, where it still has its headquarters. Other office locations are located in Rotterdam and Berlin. Fly Aeolus is the largest Cirrus SR-22 operator in Europe and flies on-demand to a total of 1,600 airports and airfields on the continent. Among them, Fly Aeolus has aircraft bases in Lyon, Semur-en-Auxois (France), Essen, Kulmbach, Schönhagen, Husum and Strausberg (Germany).

Strausberg
Strausberg (German: [ˈʃtʁaʊsˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany, located 30 km (19 mi) east of Berlin. With a population of about 27,000 it is the largest town in the district of Märkisch-Oderland.
Lowe Stand
Lowe Stand is an 18th-century folly built for Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham, and likely originally intended as a hunting lodge. It is situated in the South Yorkshire town of Hoyland, 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Barnsley. Today the stand is a Grade II listed building but is in a fairly advanced state of decay.  In 2008 the deeds were handed over from the council to voluntary group, the Friends of Hoyland Lowe Stand (now the Lowe Stand Trust).  The council has given permission to restore it according to the plan produced.

Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham
Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham, KB, PC (I) (13 November 1693 – 14 December 1750) of Wentworth Woodhouse, Yorkshire was a British Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 until 1728 when he was raised to the Peerage as Baron Malton.
2001–02 Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)
The 2001–2002 Úrvalsdeild kvenna was the 44th season of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna, the top tier women's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on 13 October 2001 and ended on 14 April 2002. KR won its 13th title by defeating ÍS 3–2 in the Finals.

KR (women's basketball)
The KR women's basketball team, commonly known as KR, is the women's basketball department of Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur and is based in Reykjavík, Iceland. It is the second winningest team in Úrvalsdeild kvenna history with 14 Icelandic championships, the last coming in 2010.
Yolande Berbers
Yolande Berbers is a Belgian computer scientist whose interests include software engineering, middleware, distributed systems, ubiquitous computing, model-driven architecture, and context awareness. She is a professor of computer science at KU Leuven, vice-dean of the KU Leuven Faculty of Engineering, and president of the Leuven Center on Information and Communication Technology.

Berbers became a member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts in 2014. She was elected president of the European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI) in 2019.

Middleware
Middleware is a type of computer software program that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system. It can be described as "software glue".

Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement communication and input/output, so they can focus on the specific purpose of their application. It gained popularity in the 1980s as a solution to the problem of how to link newer applications to older legacy systems, although the term had been in use since 1968.
Paul Afeaki Khoury
Paul Afeaki Khoury (Arabic: بول أفايكي خوري; born 27 April 1968) is a Tongan-Lebanese former professional basketball player of American descent. He played most of his career in Japan and Lebanon.

He was born in Tonga to American parents, and graduated from the University of Utah in 1992. He joined the Utah Jazz summer league camp in 1992.

He selected with the 9th overall selection in the 1992 CBA Draft.

Sagesse SC (basketball)
Sagesse Sports Club (French:  Club Sportif de la Sagesse), known as Hekmeh  in Arabic, is a Lebanese sports club founded in 1943 and is based in Beirut.

The basketball team was established in 1992, as part of the Club Sagesse which was known mainly for its football (soccer) team. Sagesse BC quickly rose to fame nationally and internationally due to its unprecedented success across all competitions. Their rivalry with Al Riyadi, dubbed the Beirut derby, is the most anticipated basketball game in Lebanon
William Shelbye
William Shelbye, also referred to as Selby, Selbie or Selbye (died 1584) was an English organist and composer.

Shelbye was organist and master of the choristers at Canterbury Cathedral (c.1541–1584). He was the composer of two keyboard works that appear in The Mulliner Book, a commonplace book compiled between about 1545 and 1570. They were the antiphon Miserere and Felix namque, an offertory setting the Sarum plainchant. The Miserere anticipates techniques later used by Thomas Tallis, William Byrd and Thomas Tomkins. He died in Canterbury.

Joseph Payne recorded the Miserere.

William Byrd
William Byrd (/bɜːrd/; c. 1540 – 4 July 1623) was an English Renaissance composer. Considered among the greatest composers of the Renaissance, he had a profound influence on composers both from his native country and on the Continent. He is often considered along with John Dunstaple and Henry Purcell as one of England's most important composers of early music.

Byrd wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school), and consort music. He produced sacred music for Anglican services, but during the 1570s became a Roman Catholic, and wrote Catholic sacred music later in his life.
Craven baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Craven, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.

The Craven Baronetcy, of Spersholt in the County of Berkshire, was created in the Baronetage of England on 4 June 1661 for Anthony Craven. The title became extinct on his death in 1713.

The Craven Baronetcy was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 21 January 1942 for Sir Charles Craven, OBE, Chairman and managing director of Vickers-Armstrong. The title became extinct on the early death of the second Baronet in 1946.

Vickers-Armstrongs
Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in 1927. The majority of the company was nationalised in the 1960s and 1970s, with the remainder being divested as Vickers plc in 1977.

It featured among Britain's most prominent armaments firms.
Omloop der Zuid-West-Vlaamse Bergen
The Omloop der Zuid-West-Vlaamse Bergen was a Belgian post-WW II cycling race organized for the last time in 1975.

The course, between 140 and 200 km, was situated in West Flanders, against the French border. Poperinge was both start and finish place.

The competition's roll of honor includes the successes of Jozef Planckaert and Jean-Pierre Monseré.

Poperinge
Poperinge (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpoːpəˌrɪŋə] ⓘ; French: Poperinghe, Poperingue [pɔpʁɛ̃ɡ]; West Flemish: Poperienge) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders, Flemish Region, and has a history going back to medieval times. The municipality comprises the town of Poperinge proper and surrounding villages. The area is famous for its hops and lace.
Liwan Lagang
Liwan Lagang is a Malaysian politician from the Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS), a component party of the ruling Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) coalition who has served as the State Deputy Minister of Telecommunication of Sarawak in charge of Telecommunication in the GPS state administration under Premier Abang Abdul Rahman Johari Abang Openg and State Minister Julaihi Narawi since January 2022 and Member of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Belaga since May 2006.

Gabungan Parti Sarawak
The Gabungan Parti Sarawak (abbrev: GPS; English: Sarawak Parties Alliance) is a Sarawak-based political alliance in Malaysia. It was established in 2018 by four former Barisan Nasional (BN) component parties operating solely in Sarawak following the federal coalition's defeat in the 2018 Malaysian general election. It is currently the fourth largest political coalition with 23 seats in the Dewan Rakyat and forms the government in the state of Sarawak.
Anuja Varghese
Anuja Varghese is a Canadian writer from Hamilton, Ontario, whose debut short story collection Chrysalis was published in 2023.

Varghese's writing has been published in literary magazines such as The Malahat Review, The Fiddlehead and Plenitude, and has been anthologized in Devouring Tomorrow, When Other People Saw Us, They Saw the Dead and Queer Little Nightmares. Her short story "Throwing Salt" was a Pushcart Prize nominee in 2021.

Chrysalis won the 2023 Dayne Ogilvie Prize for LGBT literature, the 31st annual Hamilton Literary Award for Fiction, and the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction at the 2023 Governor General's Awards. Chrysalis was longlisted for the 2024 Carol Shields Prize for Fiction, and shortlisted for the 2024 Kobo Emerging Writer Prize.

Her debut novel, A Kiss of Crimson Ash, was acquired by Penguin Random House Canada for publication in May 25, 2026.

Pushcart Prize
The Pushcart Prize is an American literary prize published by Pushcart Press that honors the best "poetry, short fiction, essays or literary whatnot" published in the small presses over the previous year. Magazine and small book press editors are invited to submit up to six works they have featured. Since 1976, anthologies of selected works have been published on an annual basis. These initiatives are supported and staffed entirely by dedicated volunteers.
Campen Lighthouse
Campen Lighthouse is an active lighthouse in the village of Campen, by the Ems estuary, northwest of Emden, in the East Frisia region, state of Lower Saxony, Germany. At a height of 213 feet (65 m) it is the fourteenth tallest "traditional lighthouse" in the world and the tallest in Germany.

The structure consists of a free-standing lattice tower with the stair shaft inside. The lighthouse was built in 1889 and went in service on 1 October 1891.

The lamp of Campen Lighthouse has a light intensity of 4.5 million candelas, the most powerful lighthouse lamp in Germany.
Remarkably, the aperture of its flashing light to the left and right has an angle of only 0.3 degrees. The continuous light aperture is also quite small, less than 0.6 degrees. The lighthouse has a range of 30 nautical miles, or 56 kilometers.

The machine building contains the oldest workable diesel engine in Germany. It was built in 1906 and has a power of 15 kilowatts.

Ems (river)
The Ems (German: Ems [ɛms] ⓘ; Dutch: Eems [eːms] ⓘ) is a river in northwestern Germany. It runs through the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony, and discharges into the Dollart Bay which is part of the Wadden Sea. Its total length is 362.4 kilometres (225.2 mi). The state border between the Lower Saxon area of East Friesland (Germany) and the province of Groningen (Netherlands), whose exact course was the subject of a border dispute between Germany and the Netherlands (settled in 2014), runs through the Ems estuary.
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors are a family of anti-cancer drugs that interfere with the growth of tumor cells by blocking the formation of deoxyribonucleotides (building blocks of DNA).

Examples include:

motexafin gadolinium.

hydroxyurea

fludarabine, cladribine, gemcitabine, tezacitabine, and triapine

gallium maltolate, gallium nitrate

Tezacitabine, Tezacitabine A chemotherapy candidate nucleotide analogue that failed in clinical trials due to on-target toxicity (febrile neutropenia).

Gallium maltolate
Gallium maltolate is a coordination complex consisting of a trivalent gallium cation coordinated to three maltolate ligands.  The compound is a potential therapeutic agent for cancer, infectious disease, and inflammatory disease. A cosmetic skin cream containing gallium maltolate is marketed under the name Gallixa. It is a colorless solid with significant solubility in both water and lipids (octanol-water partition coefficient = 0.41).
Richard Elviss
Richard William Elviss (born 19 July 1945) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Elviss was born at the Sheffield suburb of Fulwood in July 1945. He later studied at Trinity College, Oxford where he played first-class cricket for Oxford University. He made his debut against Gloucestershire at Oxford in 1966, with Elviss playing first-class cricket for Oxford until 1967, making nineteen appearances. Playing as right-arm off break bowler, he took 65 wickets at an average of 26.43. He claimed a five wicket haul on four occasions and had best figures of 5 for 83. On the back of strong performances for Oxford, he played a trial match with the Yorkshire Second XI in the 1966 Minor Counties Championship.

Fulwood, Sheffield
Fulwood is a residential suburb and ward of the City of Sheffield in England, it lies 5.5 km west-southwest of the city centre. Formerly an ancient settlement and village on the Porter Brook, it became integrated into the city in the 1930s. It is bounded by the suburbs of Lodge Moor to the NW, Ranmoor to the east and Crosspool to the NE. The open countryside of the Peak District lies to the west and SW. The sub districts of Stumperlowe and Goole Green are part of the suburb. The population of the ward at the 2011 Census was 18,233. Fulwood is located in the Sheffield Hallam constituency.
Tadeusz Strumiłło
Tadeusz Strumiłło (1884–1958) was a Polish teacher, harcmistrz (the highest Scouting instructor rank in Poland), the president of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (ZHP) from 1923 to 1925. A pedagogue and psychologist, he taught in the Jagiellonian University, and the Catholic University of Lublin. During World War II he was one of the lecturers of the underground universities and supported the Polish Scout resistance movement, the Grey Ranks.

John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Polish: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Latin: Universitas Catholica Lublinensis Ioannis Pauli II, abbreviation KUL) is a university in Lublin, Poland, established in 1918.
Album of Dinosaurs
Album of Dinosaurs is a dinosaur book written by Tom McGowen and illustrated by Rod Ruth.

The book was first published by Rand McNally & Company in 1972. It was first published in Spanish in 1985 and then published again in 1987 by Fernández Editores, México, DF, and translated by Jorge Blanco y Correa; the book was published under the name El Gran Libro de Dinosaurios.

The book contains a chapter on dinosaurs in general as well as individual chapters on Coelophysis, Apatosaurus, Stegosaurus, Allosaurus, Iguanodon, Compsognathus, Anatosaurus, Protoceratops, Triceratops, Tyrannosaurus, Ankylosaurus, and Struthiomimus.

Rand McNally
Rand McNally is an American technology and publishing company that provides industry leading Atlases, Maps, Educational Materials, Truck Routing Software (MileMaker) and Telematics (GPS mapping software and hardware, Electronic Logging Devices, Asset Trackers, Tablets, Brake Monitoring Systems (Safety Direct) and a Data Platform) for commercial transportation. The company is headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois, with a distribution center in Richmond, Kentucky and offices in Portugal and Australia .