hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward L. Jackson
Edward L. Jackson (December 27, 1873 – November 18, 1954) was an American attorney, judge and politician, elected the 32nd governor of the U.S. state of Indiana from January 12, 1925, to January 14, 1929. He had also been elected as Secretary of State of Indiana.

Jackson repeatedly associated with Ku Klux Klan leaders, but there is no evidence he ever joined. He did become involved in several political scandals. In 1927 he was investigated and tried on bribery charges related to having tried to bribe the previous governor, but was not convicted as the statute of limitations had expired. After finishing his term in office, he left in disgrace and never ran again for public office.

Lafayette, Indiana
Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 70,783 at the 2020 census. It sits across the Wabash River from West Lafayette, home to Purdue University, which plays a major role in both communities. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette make up the core of the Lafayette metropolitan area, home to 235,066 people in 2020.

Lafayette was founded in 1825 on the southeast bank of the Wabash River near where the river becomes impassable for riverboats upstream, though a French fort and trading post had existed since 1717 on the opposite bank and three miles downstream. It was named for the French general Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero. Lafayette is 63 miles (101 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Chicago.
2023 Belarusian Premier League
The 2023 Belarusian Premier League was the 33rd season of top-tier football in Belarus. Shakhtyor Soligorsk were the defending champions (although they were stripped of their title as a result of a match-fixing scandal).

The winners (Dinamo Minsk, their eighth title win) qualified for the 2024–25 Champions League first qualifying round. The 2023–24 Belarusian Cup winners (Neman Grodno) qualified for the 2024–25 Conference League second qualifying round, with the third and fourth-placed teams (Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino and Isloch Minsk Raion) qualifying for the first qualifying round. The fourteenth-placed team (Energetik-BGU Minsk) qualified for the Belarusian Premier League play-off, losing and being relegated to the 2024 Belarusian First League alongside the bottom-placed team (Belshina Bobruisk).

FC Isloch Minsk Raion
FC Isloch Minsk Raion or Islach (Belarusian: ФК Іслач; Russian: ФК Ислочь) is a Belarusian football club based in Minsk, although it officially represents Minsk Raion and is named after the Islach River.
Archigenes aita
Archigenes aita is a butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is found on both Sumatra and Borneo. It was first described by British entomologist Lionel de Nicéville in 1893. A phylogenetic analysis led to its being moved out of the genus Abisara.

Riodinidae
Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1,532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, the family is also represented both in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Australasian (Dicallaneura), Afrotropic (Afriodinia, Saribia), and Indomalayan realms.
2016 Coleman Vision Tennis Championships – Doubles
Paula Cristina Gonçalves and Sanaz Marand were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Gonçalves partnered Verónica Cepede Royg, while Marand partnered Melanie Oudin, but both pairs lost in the first round.

Michaëlla Krajicek and Maria Sanchez won the title, defeating Elise Mertens and Mandy Minella in the final, 6–2, 6–4.

Maria Sanchez (tennis)
Maria Victoria Sanchez (born November 26, 1989) is a former tennis player from the United States. In July 2013, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 107. On 22 April 2019, she peaked at No. 51 of the WTA doubles ranking. Sanchez has been primarily a doubles player. In doubles, she won three WTA titles, one WTA 125 title, and 24 ITF titles. She also won two ITF singles titles.
Operation Alula
Operation Alula Aba Nega (Tigrinya: ወፍሪ አሉላ አባ ነጋ), commonly shortened to Operation Alula (Tigrinya: ወፍሪ አሉላ), was a counter-offensive during the Tigray War by the Tigray Defense Forces against the Ethiopian military and its allies in Tigray. The operation was named after Ethiopian general Ras Alula Aba Nega, who was of Tigrayan descent. The offensive was launched on 11 June 2021 and recaptured vast swaths of territory across central and eastern Tigray, including the regional capital of Mekelle.

Ras Alula
Ras Alula Engida (Ge'ez: ራስ አሉላ እንግዳ) (1845 – 15 February 1897; also known by his horse name Abba Nega and by Alula Equbi) was an Ethiopian general and politician who successfully led battles against Ottoman Egypt, the Mahdists and Italy. He was one of the most important leaders of the Abyssinian forces during the 19th century. Described by Haggai Erlich as the "greatest leader whom Ethiopia produced since the death of Emperor Tewodros II in 1868." Ras Alula was referred to by Europeans as "the Garibaldi of Ethiopia".
Övraby
Övraby was a village that was left after the town Halmstad in Halland moved five kilometers to the south in 1320.

The town Halmstad is believed to have been moved because the ships were growing too big to be able to travel up the river Nissan, one of the four rivers that flows through the county of Halland. The city would also be easier to defend with its new coastal position.

On 2–3 November 1563, the Swedish forces led by King Erik XIV and Danish forces led by Fredrik II clashed in Övraby. The Danish forces won the battle, and afterwards torched and plundered the village. The village was never rebuilt.

The only building still standing from Övraby today is the ruin of the stone church, known today as Övraby Kyrkoruin. The church's roof is the oldest surviving example of an ornate ridge purlin in Sweden, dating back to the 12th century. In 1911 a Roman burial site was excavated from Övraby, deposited in a cist made of thin limestone slabs.

Halmstad
Halmstad (Swedish: [ˈhǎlmsta(d)] ⓘ) is a port, university, industrial and recreational city at the mouth of the Nissan river, in the province of Halland on the Swedish west coast.  Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County. The city had a population of 71,422 in 2020, out of a municipal total of over 100,000. Halmstad is Sweden's 19th-largest city by population and located about midway between Gothenburg (the second most populous) and Malmö (the third).
Quercus bawanglingensis
Quercus bawanglingensis is a species of oak. It is an evergreen tree native to the island of Hainan in southern China.

The species belongs to Quercus section Ilex, and is closely related to Q. tarokoensis of Taiwan.

Quercus bawanglingensis is known only from a single population in Bawangling in the Changjiang Li Autonomous County of Hainan, where it grows in tropical montane dwarf forests from 900 to 1000 meters elevation. There are estimated to be only 20 mature trees in the wild, and it is threatened with habitat loss from forest clearance.

Hainan Island monsoon rain forests
The Hainan Island monsoon rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID: IM0169) covers mountainous interior of Hainan Island in China.  The tropical forests receive over 1,000 mm/year of rain, heavily concentrated in the summer rainy season.  The island has high levels of biodiversity, with over 4,200 plant species, 630 of which are endemic to the island.  The region is under ecological pressure from deforestation for agriculture and timber extraction.
Nouvelles Mythologies
Nouvelles Mythologies is a collection of 57 texts written by authors, journalists and editorialists under the direction of Jérôme Garcin and published in 2007 at Éditions du Seuil to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the essay Mythologies by Roland Barthes.

Éditions du Seuil
Éditions du Seuil (French: [edisjɔ̃ dy sœj]), also known as Le Seuil, is a French publishing house established in 1935 by Catholic intellectual Jean Plaquevent (1901–1965), and currently owned by La Martinière Groupe. It owes its name to this goal "The seuil (threshold) is the whole excitement of parting and arriving. It is also the brand new threshold that we refashion at the door of the Church to allow entry to many whose foot gropes around it" (Jean Plaquevent, letter dated 28 December 1934).
Bhima of Mahikavati
Bhima was a 13th-century king who ruled the present-day Mumbai area in Maharashtra, India. He is known from several medieval Marathi and Persian language texts, which variously call him Raja Bimba, Bimb-dev (Bhima-deva), Bimba-dev, Bimba-shah, and Bimba-shaha. Based on these accounts, historians identify him as a son of king Ramadeva of Devagiri. After Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri, Bhima apparently fled to the northern Konkan region, and established a smaller kingdom with its capital at Mahikavati, the present-day Mahim.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Mashki Chah
Mashki Chah (Arabic:مشكي شاه) is a small village in the extreme west of Pakistan in the province of Balochistan. It is around 42 kilometres (26 miles) from Pakistan's border with Afghanistan and 64 kilometres (40 miles) from Pakistan's border with Iran. 36 kilometres (22 miles) from Mashki Chah is the township and region of Naukundi.

Around 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) southwest of Mashki Chah is the Reko Diq Mine, one of the world's largest Gold and Copper mine with estimated reserves of 5.9 billion tonnes of ore.

Nok Kundi
Nok Kundi (Urdu: نوک کنڈی, lit. 'the blunt point') is a city and region located in western Balochistan, Pakistan, near the Iran and Afghanistan border. The city has a population of 30,625, It is located at an altitude of 649 m (2130 ft). Nokkundi is famous for its mineral resources. Nokkundi city is surrounded by desert and mountains

Nok Kundi, meaning "the blunt point", is a city and region located in western Balochistan, Pakistan. Historically, the area was known as Dzaranga, meaning "water-producing land," which the Greeks Hellenised to Drangiana in their literature. The original term, "Zaranka," translates to "watermill" or "spring," and is found in both old Balochi and Persian, referring to the region as "Waterland."
Just a Poet with Soul
Just a Poet with Soul is the debut studio album by American rapper and record producer Def Jef. It was released on November 14, 1989, through Delicious Vinyl. The album was produced by the Dust Brothers, Def Jef, and Michael Ross, who also served as executive producer. It features contributions from N'Dea Davenport and Etta James on vocals, Kevin O'Neal on bass, Michael Kory on piano, and Julio G on turntables. The album produced three singles: "Droppin Rhymes on Drums", "Black to the Future" and "Poet with Soul".

Dust Brothers
The Dust Brothers were a pair of songwriters and producers consisting of E.Z. Mike (Michael Simpson) and King Gizmo (John King). They were famous for the sample-based music they produced in the 1980s and 1990s, and specifically for their work on the albums Paul's Boutique by Beastie Boys, Odelay, Midnite Vultures and Guero by Beck, the soundtrack to Fight Club, and "MMMBop" by Hanson. They were based in Los Angeles, California.
Louis Weisner
Louis Weisner (born 1899–1988) was an American-Canadian mathematician at the University of New Brunswick  who introduced Weisner's method.

He graduated in 1923 from Columbia University with a Ph.D. in mathematics. His thesis Groups whose maximal cyclic subgroups are independent was supervised by Frank Nelson Cole. As a postdoc, Weisner was an instructor at the University of Rochester. At Hunter College he was appointed an instructor in 1927 and was successively promoted to assistant professor and associate professor. When he was an associate professor in 1954, the Board of Higher Education of the City of New York charged him with "neglect of duty" and "conduct unbecoming a member of the staff" because of his alleged involvement, beginning "in or about the year 1938", with the Communist Party. From 1955 to 1988 he was a professor of mathematics at the University of New Brunswick.

Weisner's method
In mathematics, Weisner's method is a method for finding generating functions for special functions using representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, introduced by Louis Weisner in 1955. It includes Truesdell's method as a special case, and is essentially the same as Rainville's method.

... Weisner's group-theoretic method ... is a technique with uses the differential recurrence relations of a family of special functions to construct a Lie algebra of differential operators (Lie derivatives), under the action of which the family is invariant. The Lie derivatives can be exponentiated to obtain an action of the associated Lie group and this group action yields the generating functions. Miller (1974)
Chandigarh Comets
Chandigarh Comets (CCO) was an Indian professional field hockey team based in Chandigarh that played in World Series Hockey. Pakistani striker Rehan Butt was the captain of the team and Harendra Singh was the coach. Sector 42 Stadium was the home ground of Chandigarh Comets.

Chandigarh Comets were at the top of the table in the league phase but ended up as the semi-finalists of the inaugural edition of WSH. They lost to Pune Strykers in the semi-final 3–4 in the penalty shoot-out. Gurjinder Singh was leading goal scorer for the team who also top-scored in the tournament along with Syed Imran Warsi with 19 goals apiece.

World Series Hockey
World Series Hockey (WSH) was a professional league for field hockey competition in India. It was organised by Indian Hockey Federation with the objective to reinvigorate hockey in India. It was contested among eight franchise-based teams consisting of players from India and around the world. The entire event took place on home and away basis culminating into multi header playoffs. Australian Dennis Meredith, a member of the FIH panel of tournament directors, was the technical director of the WSH. It was sponsored by tyre manufacturers, Bridgestone, and therefore officially known as Bridgestone World Series Hockey.
Gold Seal Novel
Gold Seal Novels are illustrated novels covering a wide range of genres published in editions of the Sunday Philadelphia Inquirer between 1934 and 1949. They were published as a "complete illustrated novel" as a section of the newspaper's Sunday edition. Authors include John Dickson Carr, Clyde Brion Davis, Erle Stanley Gardner, Graham Greene, Fannie Hurst, Frances Parkinson Keyes, Sinclair Lewis, Philip MacDonald, Cecile Hulse Matschat, Mary O'Hara, Ellery Queen, Georges Simenon, Rex Stout, and Eudora Welty.

To date, 382 Gold Seal Novels have been cataloged by collectors.

Eudora Welty
Eudora Alice Welty (April 13, 1909 – July 23, 2001) was an American short-story writer, novelist, and photographer who wrote about the American South. Her novel The Optimist's Daughter won the Pulitzer Prize in 1973. Welty received numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Order of the South. She was the first living author to have her works published by the Library of America. Her house in Jackson, Mississippi, has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and is open to the public as a house museum.
Lunq'u
Lunq'u (Quechua for fat, thick, plump / sphere, elliptical or round body / inhabitant of the coastal plains, Hispanicized spellings Lunco, erroneously also Limco) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,224 metres (17,139 ft) high. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Juan Espinoza Medrano District, in the Arequipa Region, La Unión Province, in the districts Huaynacotas and Pampamarca, and in the Ayacucho Region, Parinacochas Province, Coronel Castañeda District, where it is the easternmost point. The little river Lunq'u (Lunco) originates north of the mountain.

Department of Ayacucho
Ayacucho (Spanish pronunciation: [aʝaˈkutʃo] ⓘ; Quechua: Ayakuchu), known as Huamanga (Quechua: Wamanqa) from its creation in 1822 until 1825, is a department of Peru. It is located in the south-central Andes of the country. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho.
File sharing in the United Kingdom
File sharing in the United Kingdom relates to the distribution of digital media in that country. In 2010, there were over 18.3 million households connected to the Internet in the United Kingdom, with 63% of these having a broadband connection. There are also many public Internet access points such as public libraries and Internet cafes.

In 2009, an online survey undertaken by Harris Interactive on behalf of the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) stated that of 3,442 people surveyed in the UK, 1,012 (29%) reported downloading music from peer-to-peer networks, giving an indication of the level of file sharing occurring in the UK.

A survey by XTN Data in 2006 found that of the 1000 people interviewed, 28% admitted to having downloaded copyrighted material without paying for it.

Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).
Zagajów, Pińczów County
Zagajów [zaˈɡajuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michałów, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Michałów, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Pińczów, and 46 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Pińczów
Pińczów pronounced [ˈpʲiɲt͡ʂuf] is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) south of Kielce. It is the capital of Pińczów County. The population is 10,946 (2018). Pińczów belongs to the historical region of Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska) and lies in the valley of the river Nida.
Sheboygan Light, Power and Railway Company Car 26
Sheboygan Light, Power and Railway Company Car #26 is a wooden interurban electric rail car built in 1908 that carried passengers on the line between Sheboygan and Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin for 30 years, until the spread of automobiles made passenger rail service non-viable. Today, the car is operated by the East Troy Railroad Museum on their East Troy Electric Railroad, carrying visitors on their track in East Troy.

East Troy Electric Railroad
The East Troy Electric Railroad (reporting mark ETER) is an interurban heritage railroad owned and operated by the East Troy Railroad Museum. Passenger excursions run on a 7-mile (11 km) stretch of track from East Troy to Mukwonago, Wisconsin.
Cullimore
Cullimore is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allan Cullimore, the President of New Jersey Institute of Technology from 1920 to 1947

Francis Cullimore (born 1976), Australian-born New Zealand former elite athlete

Ian H. S. Cullimore, English-born mathematician and computer scientist

James A. Cullimore (1906–1986), a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Jassen Cullimore (born 1972), Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman

Kelvyn Cullimore Jr., American businessman and politician

Kirk Cullimore Jr., American attorney and politician

Martin Cullimore (1908–1996), English cricketer

Michael Cullimore (1936–2021), British painter

Séamus Cullimore (born 1954), former Fianna Fáil politician from County Wexford in Ireland

Stan Cullimore (born 1962), played guitar for the Hull-based indie rock band called The Housemartins

Allan Cullimore
Allan R. Cullimore was an American academic administrator. He was the 3rd President of New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) from 1920 until 1947.

Cullimore was a graduate of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Prior to this Cullimore had been a member of the faculty of the University of Toledo and then the first dean of the University of Delaware College of Engineering.

Cullimore was known to have published a book on the use of the slide-rule in 1915.

A number of things at NJIT are named after Cullimore including Cullimore Hall which houses the College of Science and Liberal Arts, the Newark College of Engineering Cullimore Doctoral Fellowship,  the Allan R. Cullimore Medal and the Cullimore Award.
David Dreman
David Dreman (born 1936) is an investor, who founded and is chairman of Dreman Value Management, an investment company.

Dreman has published many scholarly articles and he has written four books.  Dreman also writes a column for Forbes magazine.  Dreman is on the board of directors of the Institute of Behavioral Finance, publisher of the Journal of Behavioral Finance.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
La Recherche photographique
La Recherche photographique: histoire-esthétique was a specialised peer-reviewed bi-annual French journal, published from September 1986 to spring 1997, and edited by Paris Audiovisuel and the University of Paris 8.

Jean-Claude Lemagny
Jean-Claude Lemagny (24 December 1931 – 19 January 2023) was a French library curator and historian of photography; a specialist in contemporary photography, he contributed to the world of fine-art photography in several roles.