hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomson scattering
Thomson scattering is the elastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a free charged particle, as described by classical electromagnetism. It is the low-energy limit of Compton scattering: the particle's kinetic energy and photon frequency do not change as a result of the scattering.  This limit is valid as long as the photon energy is much smaller than the mass energy of the particle: hν ≪ mc2, or equivalently, if the wavelength of the light is much greater than the Compton wavelength of the particle (e.g., for electrons, longer wavelengths than hard x-rays).

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Frederic Cox
Robert Frederic Cox (1905–1985) was a British singer, composer and music educator.

Cox was the Professor of Singing (1949–53), Principal (1953–1970) and Principal Emeritus (1970– ) at the Royal Manchester College of Music and then a singing teacher at the Royal Northern College of Music from 1975 to 1985. He is recognized as one of the finest singing teachers of the second half of the twentieth century, and was himself a student of the renowned Italian tenor Aureliano Pertile.

Distinguished pupils of his included John Mitchinson, Glenville Hargreaves, Joseph Ward, Ryland Davies, Anne Howells, Elizabeth Harwood, Rosalind Plowright, Robert Alderson, Dennis O'Neill, Mary Brennan, Sandra Browne, and Ann Murray.

Elizabeth Harwood
Elizabeth Harwood (27 May 1938 – 22 June 1990) was an English lyric soprano. After a music school, she enjoyed an operatic career lasting for over two decades and worked with such conductors as Colin Davis and Herbert von Karajan. She was one of the few English singers of her generation to be invited to sing in productions at the Salzburg Festival and La Scala, Milan, as well as at the Metropolitan Opera.

After early performances at Glyndebourne and five years at Sadler's Wells Opera Company in the 1960s, Harwood sang at Covent Garden and Scottish Opera before building an international reputation in the 1970s.  Her repertoire was extensive, but she was particularly notable for her performances in the operas of Mozart and Richard Strauss. In the concert hall, she performed in oratorio, and in her later years she concentrated on Lieder recitals.

She died of cancer at the age of 52.
Stock model
A stock model is a person who is photographed for stock images using various poses, clothing, settings, and props, for advertisements and media projects, including photo manipulations. Stock model photographs are typically cheaper and more practical than hiring a model and a photographer.

Stock photographs aim to include models of varying genders, ethnicities, and sizes.

In recent years stock modeling has reached an all-time high, due in part to media projects on the Internet for businesses, home, school, and leisure. Various types of artists and marketing professionals benefit from the use of stock models. A vast number of photographers use their own collection of stock models for their projects

Prop
A prop, formally known as a (theatrical) property, is an object  actors use on stage or screen during a performance or screen production. In practical terms, a prop is considered to be anything movable or portable on a stage or a set, distinct from the actors, scenery, costumes, and electrical equipment. This includes handheld items such as books, cups, weapons, and tools that actors interact with during a performance. Props help to create a realistic setting, convey information, or add to the storytelling by showing details about the characters or the environment.
Catocala messalina
Catocala messalina, the Messalina underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in the United States from Virginia south to Florida and west to Texas and north to Kansas.

The wingspan is 40–45 mm. Adults are on wing from May to August. There is probably one generation per year.

The larvae feed on the oak species Quercus geminata, Quercus hemisphaerica and Quercus virginiana.

Quercus geminata
Quercus geminata, commonly called sand live oak, is an evergreen oak tree native to the coastal regions of the subtropical southeastern United States, along the Atlantic Coast from southern Florida northward to southeastern Virginia and along the Gulf Coast westward to southern Mississippi, on seacoast dunes and on white sands in evergreen oak scrubs.
Gábor Bagdy
Gábor Bagdy (born 5 November 1957) is a Hungarian economist and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) from Fidesz–KDNP Budapest Regional List between 2010 and 2014. He was appointed Deputy Mayor of Budapest for Monetary Affairs after the 2010 local elections, holding the position until 2019. He unsuccessfully ran for Mayor of Angyalföld (13th District of Budapest) in October 2014. He was made president of the Budapest branch of the KDNP in 2015. Bagdy was again mayoral candidate in Angyalföld during the 2019 local elections.

Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)
The Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungarian: Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt, [ˈkɛrɛsteːɲdɛmokrɒtɒ ˈneːpːaːrt], KDNP [ˈkaːdeːɛmpeː]) is a right-wing Christian democratic political party in Hungary. It is officially a coalition partner of the ruling party, Fidesz, but is mostly considered a satellite party of Fidesz. The party has been unable to get into the Parliament on its own since the 1990s (with the last time it did so being 1994), as it was not able to pass the election threshold of 5% of the vote. Without Fidesz, its support is now low enough that it can no longer be measured, and even a leading Fidesz politician, János Lázár, stated that Fidesz does not consider the government to be a coalition government.
Lohar Nangal
Lohar Nangal is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Nakodar, 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Kapurthala, 180 kilometres (110 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 150 kilometres (93 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Kapurthala
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in the Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. It is an immediate neighbour of Jalandhar city proper, and a part of the Jalandhar Metropolitan Region. The aesthetic mix of the city, with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. And for this reason, it has often been referred to as the “Paris of Punjab”. It is also known as the 'City of Palaces & Gardens'. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.
Urmilesh
Urmilesh is an Indian journalist and author. He was the executive director of Rajya Sabha TV from 2010 to 2012, and has worked in various Hindi publications like Hindustan and Navbharat Times, among others. He also anchored  Media Manthan on Rajya Sabha TV, a media-watch programme about the week's news and its coverage in the media.

He is currently (as of July 2020) the 'Reader's Editor' at NewsClick.

Urmilesh completed his M.A. from Allahabad University and received his MPhil from JNU in 1981.

He has written Hindi books like Christiania Meri Jaan, Kashmir - Virasat aur Siyasat (2006), Jharkhand Jadui Zameen Ka Andhera, Bihar ka Sach, Rahul Sankrityayan Srijan Aur Sangharsh, Jhelam Kinare Dahakate Chinar.

University of Allahabad
The University of Allahabad is a central university located in Prayagraj, in Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is the regarded as the fourth oldest modern university in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1873, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Allahabad, which later evolved to the present university. Its status as a central university was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India.
2024 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship Tier 3
The 2024 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship Tier 3 was the inaugural staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship Tier 3 since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association. The championship ran from 18 May to 8 June 2024.

The All-Ireland final was played on 8 June 2024 at Kingspan Breffni in Cavan, between Down and Westmeath, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Down won the match by 4-13 to 2-17 to claim their first ever All-Ireland MFC Tier 3 title.

Westmeath GAA
The Westmeath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí) or Westmeath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Westmeath. The county board is also responsible for the Westmeath county teams.

The county football team won the Leinster Senior Football Championship in 2004. The county hurling team contests the Liam MacCarthy Cup via the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship.
Texas's 1st House of Representatives district
District 1 is a district in the Texas House of Representatives.  It was created in the 3rd legislature (1849–1851).

The district has been represented by Republican Gary VanDeaver since January 13, 2015, upon his initial election to the Texas House.

As a result of redistricting after the 2020 Federal census, from the 2022 elections the district encompasses all of Bowie, Cass, Lamar, Morris, and Red River Counties.  Major cities in the district include Atlanta, Douglasville, Linden, New Boston,  Paris, and Texarkana.

Linden, Texas
Linden is a city in and the county seat of Cass County, Texas, United States. At the 2020 United States census, its population was 1,825. Linden is named after the city of Linden in Perry County, Tennessee (of which that Linden is the current seat).
Goodness (band)
Goodness was an American rock band from Seattle, Washington, led by Carrie Akre, formerly of Hammerbox and now primarily a solo artist. Goodness featured Akre (vocals), Danny Newcomb (lead guitar), Garth Reeves (guitar), Fiia McGann (bass), and Chris Friel (drums).  Akre, Friel, and Newcomb later joined Mike McCready of Pearl Jam and Rick Friel to form the rock band The Rockfords.

Goodness recorded a version of "Electricity, Electricity" with Mike McCready using the pseudonym "Petster" on electric guitar for the Schoolhouse Rock! Rocks tribute disc on Lava/Atlantic. They released their self-titled debut album in 1995 on Y Records, followed in 1998 by Anthem on Immortal/Epic and later These Days on Good Ink. Two live albums were released via Kufala Recordings in 2004. Goodness toured extensively all over the world, supporting such acts as Pearl Jam, Cheap Trick, and Oasis. They co-headlined a tour with Candlebox.

Schoolhouse Rock! Rocks
Schoolhouse Rock! Rocks is a tribute album based on the American animated TV series, Schoolhouse Rock! It was released by Atlantic/Lava Records in 1996 and contains 15 tracks, the original "Schoolhouse Rocky" theme and covers of 14 songs from the series performed by popular music artists. A promo-only 7" single was also distributed to promote the album, featuring tracks by Man or Astro-man? and Pavement. This single was pressed on yellow vinyl. "Three Is a Magic Number" was one of the last recordings made by Blind Melon's Shannon Hoon, who died of a drug overdose on October 21, 1995 .

A portion of the sales of the album went to the Children's Defense Fund.
Meckesheim station
Meckesheim station is a small railway junction in Meckesheim, North Baden in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckargemünd–Bad Friedrichshall railway and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. The Schwarzbach Valley Railway branches off the Elsenz Valley Railway to Aglasterhausen in Meckesheim. Until 1990, the Wiesloch–Meckesheim/Waldangelloch railway also branched off via Schatthausen to Wiesloch Stadt and Wiesloch-Walldorf.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
Creech Barrow Hill
Creech Barrow Hill is a steep, conical hill, 188.2 metres (617 ft) near the coast of Dorset, England, and the highest point of the Dorset Heaths. It has been described as "one of Dorset's most distinctive landmarks." Geologically, it is also the highest Cenozoic hill in England.

There is a single, round barrow at the summit that gives Creech Barrow Hill its name and, from some angles, the appearance of a double summit. To the southeast is Stone Hill Down long barrow.

The name of the hill means "hill" three times. "Creech" is derived from the Celtic crich = hill and "barrow" from the Saxon for "mound".

The hill is a classic viewpoint that was once the site of King John's hunting lodge.

The barrow has an OS trig pillar 10m from the highest point. It is shown as 193m on Ordnance Survey maps, the height being levelled in 1951. Following subsidence, the pillar was downgraded to Order 4 in 1971 and is shown without a height in OS legacy benchmark data

Double summit
A double summit, double peak, twin summit, or twin peak is a mountain or hill that has two summits, separated by a col or saddle.

One well-known double summit is Austria's highest mountain, the Großglockner, where the main summit of the Großglockner is separated from that of the Kleinglockner by the Glocknerscharte col in the area of a geological fault. Other double summits have resulted from geological folding. For example, on Mont Withrow in British Columbia, resistant sandstones form the limbs of the double summit, whilst the softer rock in the core of the fold was eroded.

Triple peaks occur more rarely; one example is the Rosengartenspitze in the Dolomites. The Illimani in Bolivia is an example of a rare quadruple summit.
Constitutional Act on State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Constitutional Act on State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Müstəqilliyi haqqında Konstitusiya Aktı) was adopted on October 18, 1991 after discussions in the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan. With this Constitutional Act, the state independence of Azerbaijan was restored.  On December 29, 1991, this issue was discussed in a national referendum, and 95% of the population voted for the country's independence, sovereignty, and independence.

Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan
The Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, later renamed as the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Republic from 1991 until its abolition in 1995, was the supreme soviet (main legislative institution) of the Azerbaijan SSR, and later the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Supreme Soviet officially disbanded in 1995 when a semi-presidential system was implemented.
Sheo Bhagwan Tibrewal
Sheo Bhagwan Tibrewal is an Indian born UK-based orthopedic surgeon. He is a Research Fellow at University of Oxford and an Honorary Senior Lecturer at King's College London GKT School of Medical Education. Born to Mohan Tibrewal, he graduated in medicine in 1973 from Ranchi University.

Tibrewal, who is listed in the Marquis Who's Who, is associated with several hospitals in London, including the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, as a consultant. He is also associated with the Advanced Medicare and Research Institute, Kolkata, as a mentor. The NRI Institute, a London-based organization of Indian expatriates in the UK awarded him the Pride of India Gold Award in 2004. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2007, for his contributions to Medicine.

United Kingdom portal

India portal

Medicine portal

Ranchi University
Ranchi University is a public state university in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. It was established in 1960 by an Act of the Bihar legislature. Ranchi University offers degrees in undergraduate, post-graduate, M.Phil. and doctorate programs.
Aiko Okazaki
Aiko Okazaki (born 10 January 1986) is a Japanese Paralympic archer who competes in international archery competitions. She is a World bronze medalist in the mixed team. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics where she reached the quarterfinals in both the individual and team events.

Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's individual W1
The women's individual W1 archery discipline at the 2020 Summer Paralympics was held at the Yumenoshima Park on 27 August and 1 September 2021.

In the ranking rounds each archer shoots 72 arrows, and is seeded according to score. In the knock-out stages each archer shoots three arrows per set against an opponent, the scores being aggregated. Losing semifinalists compete in a bronze medal match. As the field contained 12 archers, the four highest ranked archers will proceed directly to the quarter-final round; the remaining eight will enter in the round-of-16.
LP3
LP3 or lp3 may stand for:

Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego, the longest-running Polish hit songs chart

American Football (2019 album), The third album by the band American Football, also known as American Football (LP3)

LP3 (Ratatat album), an album by Ratatat

LP3 (Lady Pank album), an album by Lady Pank

Lost Planet 3, a video game

LP3 (Hippo Campus album), an album by Hippo Campus

Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego
Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego (the Radio Three Chart, LP3) is the oldest and the longest-running music chart in Poland. Aired by Polskie Radio Program III, a division of the Polskie Radio public broadcaster, the list has been broadcast weekly since 24 April 1982 until 15 May 2020 after 1998 airings. Initially hosted by Marek Niedźwiecki, since 2010 the hosting duties have been alternated by Niedźwiecki and Piotr Baron.
Non-occlusive disease
Non-occlusive disease (NOD) or Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI) is a life-threatening condition including all types of mesenteric ischemia without mesenteric obstruction. It mainly affects patients above 50 years of age who suffer from cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure or aortic regurgitation), hepatic, chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus. It can be triggered also by a previous cardiac surgery with a consequent heart shock. It represents around 20% of cases of acute mesenteric ischaemia.

Aortic regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
Hotel Zone (Cancún)
The Hotel Zone (Spanish: Zona Hotelera) is a designated tourist district and strip of land on the coast of Cancún, Mexico. It consists of a variety of businesses, such as resorts, beaches, shops, nightclubs, and restaurants, aimed specifically at appealing to tourists. The strip itself is an island shaped like the number "7", running parallel to the mainland.

This stretch of land is the predominant reason for Cancún's fame as a resort hub and tourist destination, and a majority of Cancún's economic income comes from tourism to this area. It has gained notoriety for being a favored place among college students for spring break partying while having a lower crime rate than the rest of Cancún.

Resort
A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that aims to provide most of a vacationer's needs. This includes food, drink, accommodation, sports, entertainment and shopping, on the premises. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort and the term resort may be used for a hotel that provides an array of entertainment and recreational activities.

Some resorts are also condominium complexes that offer timeshares or fractional ownership, in addition to wholly owned condominiums. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, but in the late 20th century, this type became more common.

In British English, "resort" means a town which people visit for holidays and day trips, typically containing hotels where holidaymakers stay. Blackpool and Brighton in UK and Ayia Napa in Cyprus are examples of such places.
Hoogveld
Hoogveld is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacobus Hoogveld (1884–1948), Dutch athlete

Hans Hoogveld (1947–2024), Dutch water polo player

Niek Hoogveld (born 1999), Dutch footballer

Jacobus Hoogveld
Jacobus Johannes Hoogveld (August 4, 1884 in Arnhem – February 17, 1948 in Arnhem) was a Dutch athlete, who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.

In the 100 metres, Hoogveld took third place in his first round heat and did not advance to the semifinals.  He took third and last place in his preliminary heat of the 200 metres to be eliminated in that event as well.

Hoogveld lost his preliminary heat in the 400 metres as well, placing second of two in the race.
USS John Finn
USS John Finn (DDG-113) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight IIA Restart) Aegis guided missile destroyer in service with the United States Navy. The contract to build her was awarded to Ingalls Shipbuilding of Pascagoula, Mississippi, on 15 June 2011. Ingalls has been a subsidiary of Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) since its acquisition in April 2001. Prior to the award, Ingalls had constructed 28 Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, the last one of which was USS William P. Lawrence. On 15 February 2011, Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced the ship's name to be John Finn after John William Finn, the first Medal of Honor recipient of World War II. He was so honored for machine-gunning Japanese warplanes for over two hours during the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor despite being shot in the foot and shoulder, and suffering numerous shrapnel wounds. He retired as a lieutenant after thirty years of service and died at age 100 in 2010.

Pascagoula, Mississippi
Pascagoula (/pæskəɡulə/ PASS-kuh-GOOL-uh) is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is the principal city of the Pascagoula metropolitan area, and is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi–Pascagoula combined statistical area and the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area. Its population was 22,010 at the 2020 census, down from 22,392 at the 2010 census and 26,200 at the 2000 census.

The city is served by three airports: Mobile Regional Airport, 34 miles (55 km) to the northeast in Alabama; Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport, about 40 miles (64 km) west of Pascagoula; and the Trent Lott International Airport, 9 miles (14 km) to the north in Jackson County. Amtrak service also began serving the city when the Mardi Gras Service debuted on August 18, 2025.