hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yttrocerite
Yttrocerite is a variety of the mineral fluorite with a chemical formula CaF2+(Y,Ce)F3. It is bluish red with isometric crystals and is named for the yttrium and cerium it contains. It has a Mohs hardness of 4–5.  It has been found in Sweden, several states in the United States and Norway. It is not a mineral species approved by International Mineralogical Association.

Cubic crystal system
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.

There are three main varieties of these crystals:

Primitive cubic (abbreviated cP and alternatively called simple cubic)

Body-centered cubic (abbreviated cI or bcc)

Face-centered cubic (abbreviated cF or fcc)

Note: the term fcc is often used synonymously for the cubic close-packed or ccp structure occurring in metals. However, fcc stands for a face-centered cubic Bravais lattice, which is not necessarily close-packed when a motif is set onto the lattice points. E.g. the diamond and the zincblende lattices are fcc but not close-packed.
Each is subdivided into other variants listed below. Although the unit cells in these crystals are conventionally taken to be cubes, the primitive unit cells often are not.
Milton Pinto
Milton Pinto (Portuguese pronunciation: [miwˈtõ ˈpĩtu]; born  in Osasco, São Paulo, is a Brazilian composer, poet, photographer and acoustic guitarist. His music is classic-pop-celtic influenced. In 2010 he released  his debut studio album entitled Full of Flowers through a collaboration of four female Irish singers soloists from the popular Gardiner Street Gospel Choir from Dublin, Ireland.

Gardiner Street Gospel Choir
The Gardiner Street Gospel Choir is a Gospel music choir based in the Jesuit Saint Francis Xavier Church on Gardiner Street in Dublin, Ireland. The award-winning choir is made up of volunteers who perform at services, and on other stages around Ireland.
Hadley Parabolic Bridge
The Hadley Parabolic Bridge, often referred to locally as the Hadley Bow Bridge, carries Corinth Road (Saratoga County Route 1) across the Sacandaga River in Hadley, New York, United States. It is an iron bridge dating from the late 19th century.

It is the only surviving iron semi-deck lenticular truss bridge in the state, and the only extant of three known to have been built. In 1977 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Shortly afterwards it was closed to vehicular traffic, and at some time later to pedestrians as well.

The county had considered demolishing it, but held off after heavy lobbying from local preservation groups. In 2006 it was reconstructed and restored with federal and state grants, and reopened without any load restrictions.

Corinth, New York
Corinth is a town in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 6,500 at the 2020 census.  The town contains a village also named Corinth. The town is on the northeastern border of the county, north of Saratoga Springs. The town is noted as "the snowshoe capital of the world" and is home to Palmer Falls where the Hudson River passes through the Palmertown Range.
Paracas (municipality)
Paracas is the capital of the Paracas District in the Ica Region in Peru. A small port town catering to tourism, Paracas serves as the jumping point for tours to Islas Ballestas and to Paracas National Reserve. The Paracas Bay, protected by Paracas Peninsula, gives these shallow, warmer waters a break from ocean waves, permitting life to flourish, particularly near its southwestern edge encompassed within the Paracas National Reserve. The Museo Julio C. Tello, also found just near the southwestern edge of Paracas Bay, provides information about Paracas culture and the many unique species, particularly birds, inhabiting the area. Paracas lies in a windy area where strong air currents carry sand, hence the town's name "Paracas", from Quechua: para (rain) and aco (sand).

Paracas National Reserve
Paracas National Reserve is a protected area in the region of Ica, Peru and protects desert and marine ecosystems for their conservation and sustainable use. There are also archaeological remains of the Paracas culture inside the reserve.
Jerry Curtis South
Jerry Curtis South (March 24, 1867 – September 24, 1930) was an American lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Arkansas. He served as a member of Arkansas General Assembly from 1891 to 1901. He was a member of the prominent South–Cockrell–Hargis family. South was a member of the Democratic Party.

Born in Frankfort, Kentucky, South attended the Kentucky Military Institute, and earned a law degree from the University of Virginia in 1888. He served as a member of the United States Army in the Spanish–American War. He was a delegate from Arkansas to the Democratic National Convention in 1892, 1896, 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1916. He died on September 24, 1930, at his home in Washington, D.C., and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Arkansas General Assembly
The General Assembly of Arkansas is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house Arkansas Senate with 35 members, and the lower Arkansas House of Representatives with 100 members. All 135 representatives and state senators represent an equal number of constituent districts.

The General Assembly convenes on the second Monday of every year. In odd-numbered years it may consider any bill or resolution; in even-numbered years it may only consider appropriations bills. A session lasts for 60 days unless the legislature votes to extend it. The governor of Arkansas can issue a "call" for a special session during the interims between regular sessions. The General Assembly meets at the Arkansas State Capitol in Little Rock.
G. B. Jyothi Ganesh
G. B. Jyothi Ganesh (born 1 May 1975) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is an MLA from Tumkur City Assembly constituency in Tumkur district. He won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Tumkur City Assembly constituency
Tumkur City Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, a southern state of India. It is also part of Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency. It represents Tumkur City.
Shaun Raubenheimer
Shaun Raubenheimer (born 10 November 1983) is a former South African rugby union player for the SWD Eagles in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. He played as a loose-forward for the SWD Eagles, Border Bulldogs and Griffons between 2008 and 2014.

Rugby Challenge (South Africa)
The Rugby Challenge – known as the SuperSport Rugby Challenge for sponsorship reasons – was the secondary domestic rugby union competition in South Africa from 2017 to 2019. The competition was organised by the South African Rugby Union and featured all fourteen South African provincial unions plus Namibian side the Welwitschias and the Zimbabwe Academy. The inaugural season of the competition was in 2017, and was intended as the long-term successor of the Vodacom Cup competition.

The competition was played at roughly the same time as Super Rugby each season, and featured a combination of Super Rugby players returning from injury, reserve players attempting to maintain their fitness levels and younger players trying to break through to the Super Rugby or Currie Cup sides. It therefore served as an important developmental competition for South African rugby.
Iterated integral
In multivariable calculus, an iterated integral is the result of applying integrals to a function of more than one variable (for example  or ) in such a way that each of the integrals considers some of the variables as given constants. For example, the function , if  is considered a given parameter, can be integrated with respect to , . The result is a function of  and therefore its integral can be considered. If this is done, the result is the iterated integral

The alternative notation for iterated integrals

is also used.

In the notation that uses parentheses, iterated integrals are computed following the operational order indicated by the parentheses starting from the most inner integral outside. In the alternative notation, writing , the innermost integrand is computed first.

Parameter
A parameter (from Ancient Greek  παρά (pará) 'beside, subsidiary' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

Parameter has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including mathematics, computer programming, engineering, statistics, logic, linguistics, and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.
HMS Forth
Several ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Forth, after the River Forth:

HMS Forth was to have been a 36-gun fifth rate, but she was renamed HMS Tigris in 1812 before being launched in 1813.

HMS Forth (1813) was a 50-gun fifth rate launched in 1813 and broken up in 1819.

HMS Forth (1833) was a 44-gun fifth rate launched in 1833. She was converted to a screw frigate and undocked in 1856. She became a coal hulk in 1869 and was renamed HMS Jupiter, before being sold in 1883.

HMS Forth (1886) was a Mersey-class cruiser launched in 1886. She was to have been renamed HMS Howard in 1920, but this did not happen and she was sold in 1921.

HMS Forth (A187) was a submarine depot ship launched in 1938. She was renamed HMS Defiance between 1972 and 1978 and was sold for scrapping in 1985.

HMS Forth (P222) is the first of five new Batch 2 River-class patrol vessels. She was commissioned in 2018.

HMS Forth (1813)
HMS Forth was a 50-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Endymion class, launched on 14 June 1813 at Blackwall and broken up at Chatham in July 1819.

From June 1813 to 1815 Forth came under the command of Captain Sir William Bolton in The Downs and later in the year off the Scheldt, with a spell under Sir Edward Codrington in 1814–1815. During service off North America in the War of 1812 under Captain Bolton, the American privateer brig Regent was captured on 19 Sep 1814 in Little Egg Harbor.

From February 1816 until July 1819 Forth came under the command of Captain Sir John Louis, after undergoing a refitting first as a flagship and subsequently as a fourth rate frigate at Chatham.
Quiere Beber
"Quiere Beber" (transl. "Wants To Drink") is a song by Puerto Rican rapper Anuel AA released as a track on his album Real Hasta la Muerte on July 17, 2018 through Real Hasta la Muerte. A music video was released on August 15, 2018. Due to the songs popularity, it got remixed with Romeo Santos on November 1, 2018 as "Ella Quiere Beber" (transl. "She Wants To Drink").

Real Hasta la Muerte
Real Hasta la Muerte is the debut studio album by Puerto Rican singer Anuel AA. Released on July 17, 2018, under the label Real Hasta la Muerte, the album features 12 tracks, and features collaborations with urban artists such as Zion, Wisin, Ozuna and Ñengo Flow. It was released hours before Anuel AA left jail and on September 18, 2018, the RIAA certified Real Hasta la Muerte Platinum.
Hlyboke, Kharkiv Oblast
Hlyboke (Ukrainian: Глибоке; Russian: Глубокое) is a village in Lyptsi rural hromada, Kharkiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 29.68 kilometres (18.44 mi) south-southwest (SSW) from the centre of Kharkiv city, at about 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) east-southeast (ESE) of the Russia–Ukraine border.

Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, romanized: Kharkivska oblast, Russian: Харьковская область, romanized: Kharkovskaya oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Харківщина), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine.

Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.
Chharchung
Chharchung is a small village in Solukhumbu District in the Himalayas of Nepal. It lies to the southeast of the Gokyo Lakes and Gokyo village and north of Khumjung. The village is located at an altitude of 4,502 metres (14,770 ft), making it one of the highest settlements in Nepal and in the world. The village is best viewed on Google Earth at 27°55′26″N 86°43′24″E﻿ / ﻿27.92389°N 86.72333°E﻿ / 27.92389; 86.72333 which reveals areas under cultivation, suggesting a permanent settlement. It is not a known village along the hiking route to Gokyo, lying across the valley.

Gokyo Lakes
Gokyo Lakes are oligotrophic lakes in Nepal's Sagarmatha National Park, located at an elevation of 4,700–5,000 m (15,400–16,400 ft). They were named after Gokyo Ri peak. These lakes are the world's highest freshwater lake system comprising six main lakes, of which Thonak Lake is the largest. In September 2007, Gokyo and its associated wetlands of 7,770 ha (77.7 km2) have been designated a Ramsar site.
HMS Neptune (1874)
HMS Neptune was an ironclad turret ship originally designed and built in Britain for Brazil, but acquired for the Royal Navy in 1878. Modifications to suit the Royal Navy took three years to complete and the ship did not begin her first commission until 1883 with the Channel Fleet. She was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1885, but refitted in Portsmouth in 1886–87. Neptune then became the coastguard ship for the 1st Class Reserve at Holyhead until 1893 when she was placed in reserve in Portsmouth. While she was being towed to the breakers in 1903, Neptune unintentionally rammed HMS Victory, then serving as a training hulk for the Naval Signal School, collided with HMS Hero, and narrowly missed several other ships. She was scrapped in Germany in 1904.

Ramming
In warfare, ramming is a technique used in air, sea, and land combat. The term originated from the battering ram, a siege engine used to bring down fortifications by hitting it with the force of the ram's momentum, and ultimately from male sheep. Thus, in warfare, ramming refers to hitting a target by running oneself into the target.

Today, hand-held battering rams are one tool among many used by law enforcement and military personnel for door breaching. Forcible entry by criminals has been implemented using such methods as vehicles rammed into buildings.
Jardin Massey
Jardin Massey is a public garden in Tarbes, France built in the 19th century by Placide Massey (1777-1853), horticulturist of the French King Louis Philippe I and previous chief of the Palace of Versailles' gardens.

The Jardin Massey has been put on the list of the Remarkable Gardens of France by the French government in 2004.

The garden contains several interesting buildings such as:

the Musée Massey (international Hussar museum),

the orangery,

the cloister (bought from the abbey of Saint-Sever-de-Rustan),

the School of art and ceramics.

The garden also contains rare or interesting trees, flowers, and animals.

Cloister
A cloister (from Latin  claustrum 'enclosure') is a covered walk, open gallery, or open arcade running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church, commonly against a warm southern flank, usually indicates that it is (or once was) part of a monastic foundation, "forming a continuous and solid architectural barrier... that effectively separates the world of the monks from that of the serfs and workmen, whose lives and works went forward outside and around the cloister."

Cloistered (or claustral) life is also another name for the monastic life of a monk or nun. The English term enclosure is used in contemporary Catholic church law translations to mean cloistered, and  some form of the Latin parent word "claustrum" is frequently used as a metonymic name for monastery in languages such as German. Cloistered clergy refers to monastic orders that strictly separate themselves from the affairs of the external world.
Davao de Oro State College
Davao de Oro State College (DdOSC; Filipino: Kolehiyong Pampamahalaan ng Davao de Oro) is a state college in Davao de Oro, Philippines. It was established in 2013 as Compostela Valley State College through Republic Act No. 10598, with its main campus in Compostela and integrating therewith the External Studies Units of Bukidnon State University in the province, namely, Monkayo, Maragusan, Montevista, and New Bataan. It was renamed to its present name in 2021 through Republic Act No. 11575, shortly after the renaming of the province.

Monkayo
Monkayo, officially the Municipality of Monkayo (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Monkayo; Filipino: Bayan ng Monkayo),  is a municipality in the province of Davao de Oro, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 93,937 people, making it the most populous town in the province.

Monkayo is an agricultural town, with vast tracts of land planted to rice and banana. The municipality is also host to the gold-rich barangay of Mount Diwata, popularly known as "Diwalwal" (which in the local dialect means one's tongue is hanging out due to exhaustion), a 1,000-meter high range known for its rich gold ore deposit.
Laura Na Liu
Laura Na Liu (born 1979) is a Chinese physicist focused on researching nano-optics of three-dimensional meta materials as it applies to biology and chemistry. After receiving her undergraduate and master's degree in China, she has had many global opportunities for education and research including Germany and the United States of America. Today, she is a professor at University of Stuttgart in Germany. She has received several awards for her contributions in the field of optics.

Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light. It is a  branch of optics, optical engineering, electrical engineering, and nanotechnology. It often involves dielectric structures such as nanoantennas, or metallic components, which can transport and focus light via surface plasmon polaritons.

The term "nano-optics", just like the term "optics", usually refers to situations involving ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light (free-space wavelengths from 300 to 1200 nanometers).
Guntersville Post Office
The Old Guntersville Post Office is a historic U.S. Post Office in Guntersville, Alabama. It was built in 1940–41 with federal Treasury Department funds in Colonial Revival style.  The building houses a painting by Charles Russell Hardman.  The Guntersville Post Office was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 16, 2010.

Guntersville, Alabama
Guntersville (previously known as Gunter's Ferry and later Gunter's Landing) is a city and the county seat of Marshall County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,553. Guntersville is located in a HUBZone as identified by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA).
Ernaine mac Fiachnai
Ernaine mac Fiachnai (died 636) was a King of Ailech and head of the Cenél nEógain branch of the northern Uí Néill. He was the brother of the high king of Ireland  Suibne Menn (died 628). He ruled in Ailech from 630 to 636.

A rival branch of the Cenél nEógain  called the Cenél maic Ercae had dominated the kingship of Ailech until the reign of his brother Suibne Menn (died 628) of the Cenél Feradaig branch. In 630 these two branches of the family clashed at the Battle of Leitheirbe and Ernaine was victorious over Máel Fithrich mac Áedo, who was slain, of the Cenél maic Ercae. The Cenél Feradaig branch then dominated the kingship for most of the 7th century. Ernaine was killed in 636 but his killer is not named. According to the Laud Synchronisms he was killed by the Cenél nEógain, probably the Cenél maic Ercae.

Uí Néill
The Uí Néill (pronounced [iː ˈnʲeːl̠ʲ]; meaning "descendants of Niall") are Irish dynasties that claim descent from Niall Noígíallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a historical King of Tara who is believed to have died around c. 405. They are generally divided into the Northern and Southern Uí Néill.
1994 Stockholm Open
The 1994 Stockholm Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 26th edition of the Stockholm Open and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1994 ATP Tour. It took place at the Stockholm Globe Arena in Stockholm, Sweden, from 24 October until 31 October 1994. Sixth-seeded Boris Becker won the singles title.

The singles draw was headlined by world No. 1 Pete Sampras, Goran Ivanišević, and Michael Stich. Other top seeds were Sergi Bruguera, Stefan Edberg, Boris Becker, Michael Chang, and Andre Agassi.

Stockholm Open
The Bybit Stockholm Open (officially since 2026) is an annual tennis tournament in Sweden that is part of the ATP 250 tournaments. The tournament features both men's singles and doubles events. Stockholm Open has been played on hardcourts at the Royal Tennis Hall since 1969, except between 1989 and 1994, when it was held in the Globe Arena. The tournament is traditionally held in October. In 2020, the event was canceled due to the Coronavirus pandemic, but resumed in 2021 and was held in November during that season.
Petter Moen
Petter Moen (14 February 1901 – 8 September 1944) was a Norwegian resistance member later known for his diaries.

During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he edited the underground newspaper London-Nytt. He was arrested in February 1944 when the German occupiers discovered several undercover newspapers. Moen spent time imprisoned at Møllergata 19, and he perished during transport to Germany with the ship SS Westfalen in September 1944. He is particularly known for his diary written with a pin on toilet paper during imprisonment. The manuscript was found after the war and published in 1949 as Petter Moens dagbok; it has been translated into several languages.

Underground media in German-occupied Europe
Various kinds of clandestine media emerged under German occupation during World War II. By 1942, Nazi Germany occupied much of continental Europe. The widespread German occupation saw the fall of public media systems in France, Belgium, Poland, Norway, Czechoslovakia, Northern Greece, and the Netherlands. All press systems were put under the ultimate control of Joseph Goebbels, the German Minister of Propaganda.

Without control of the media, occupied populations began to create and publish their own uncensored newspapers, books and political pamphlets. The underground press played a "crucial role" in informing and motivating resistance across the continent and building solidarity. They also created an "intellectual battlefield" in which ideas like post-war reconstruction could be discussed. Underground forms of media allowed for information sharing among the oppressed, helping them build solidarity, strengthen morale and, in some cases, stage uprisings.