hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foothill zone (Upper Rhine Graben)
The foothill zone of the Upper Rhine Plain (German: Vorbergzone des Oberrheingraben) is the hill country in front of the mountains either side of the Upper Rhine Plain, especially those in front of the Black Forest, Vosges and Palatinate Forest. When the rift valley sank the foothills on the flanks of the mountain ranges were left hanging as fault blocks. The strata of the platform have been preserved in this zone, whereas they have been eroded from the neighbouring higher blocks. They are usually covered by a layer of loess and offer good conditions for agricultural use. For example, in Baden, the Alsace and the Palatinate intensive orchard and vineyard cultivation is practised in the foothill zone.

Platform (geology)
In geology, platform is a craton covered with sediments. It can be classified into the following groups: a "protoplatform" of metamorphosed sediments at the bottom, a "quasiplatform" of slightly deformed sediments, a "cataplatform", and an "orthoplatform" at the top. The Mesoproterozoic Jotnian sediments of the  Baltic area are examples of a "quasiplatform". The post-Ordovician rocks of the South American Platform are examples of an orthoplatform.
Triepeolus
Triepeolus is a genus of cuckoo bees in the family Apidae. There are at least 140 described species in the genus Triepeolus. The majority of species whose life history is known are kleptoparasitic in the nests of bees in the tribe Eucerini, especially the genera Melissodes and Svastra.

Apidae
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.
Exec (system call)
In computing, exec is a functionality of an operating system that runs an executable file in the context of an already existing process, replacing the previous executable. This act is also referred to as an overlay. It is specially important in Unix-like systems, although it also exists elsewhere. As no new process is created, the process identifier (PID) does not change, but the machine code, data, heap, and stack of the process are replaced by those of the new program.

The exec() call or some variant is available for many programming languages including compiled languages and some scripting languages. In command interpreters, the exec built-in command replaces the shell process with the specified program.

Shell builtin
In computing, a shell builtin is a command or a function, exposed by a shell, that is implemented in the shell itself, instead of an external program which the shell would load and execute.

A shell builtin starts faster than an external program because there is no program loading overhead. However, its implementation code is in the shell program, and thus modifying it requires modifying the shell. Therefore, a shell builtin is usually only used for simple, almost trivial, commands, such as text output.

Some commands must be implemented as builtins due to the nature of the operating system. 
Notably, the cd command, which changes the working directory of the shell is often a builtin since a program runs in a separate process and working directory is specific to each process. Running cd as an external program would not affect the working directory of the shell that loaded it.
2007 Indianapolis mayoral election
The Indianapolis mayoral election of 2007 took place on November 6, 2007. Voters elected the Mayor of Indianapolis, members of the Indianapolis City-County Council, as well as several other local officials. Incumbent Democrat Bart Peterson was seeking a third term. Republicans nominated a Marine veteran, Greg Ballard, to run against Peterson. In what was called "the biggest upset in Indiana political history", Ballard defeated Peterson 50% to 47%.

The Indianapolis City-County elections took place alongside the mayoral election.

Greg Ballard
Gregory Alan Ballard (born November 20, 1954) is an American politician, author, and businessman who served as the 48th mayor of Indianapolis, Indiana. He is a retired Lieutenant Colonel from the United States Marine Corps.

On November 6, 2007, he defeated two-term incumbent Democratic Mayor Bart Peterson by 51% to 47%. It was described as one of the biggest upsets in the political history of Indiana. He was re-elected to the position in 2011 by a somewhat larger margin.
2007 King's Cup
The 38th King's Cup finals were held from 22 to 29 December 2007 at the Rajamangala Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand. The King's Cup (คิงส์คัพ) is an annual football tournament; the first tournament was played in 1968.

Hosts Thailand won the tournament beating the B-Side of Iraq 1–0 in the final. Uzbekistan and Korea DPR were the other teams to play in this tournament. Iraq B-Side was represented by Erbil SC.

There was no prize money for the participants.

Uzbekistan national football team
The Uzbekistan national football team (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi / Ўзбекистон миллий футбол терма жамоаси) represents Uzbekistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan holds the highest competitive results among teams from Central Asia. At the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan reached the semi-finals of the tournament for the first time. At other competitions such as the Asian Games, Uzbekistan won the gold medal in 1994 in Japan, while finishing as the runners-up at the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995. They qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2026.
Nightjet
Nightjet (stylised as nightjet) is a brand name given by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) to its overnight passenger train services.

Nightjet operates in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Switzerland. There are services provided by other train companies to Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia that operate under the Nightjet Partner label. Nightjet trains offers beds in sleeper carriages, couchette carriages, and seated carriages. On certain connections within Austria as well as the seasonal service to Croatia, cars can also be transported on the train. Bicycles can be transported in a bike transport bag, or on some trains in special bike racks.

Siemens Mobility
Siemens Mobility GmbH is a division of Siemens that specializes in rail transport. With its global headquarters in Munich, Siemens Mobility has four core business units: Mobility Management, dedicated to rail technology and intelligent traffic systems, Railway Electrification, Rolling Stock, and Customer Services.
Pop Shalini
Shalini Singh, popularly called as Pop Shalini, is a singer from Tamil Nadu, India. Born in 1984, she is a singer, performer, blogger, and also a writer. She released an album 'Shalini' when she was only 13. She has sung over 5000 songs in various Indian languages for Indian films and albums. She has sung for the likes of A. R. Rahman, Harris Jayaraj, Illayaraja, Yuvan Shankar Raja, Vidyasagar and many others.

She is also the CEO of Tinsel Rangi Productions. She is married to Balaji and has a son Aadithya. She lives in Chennai. Her husband works as General Manager for a Sweden Based Company.

Vidyasagar (composer)
Upadrasta Vidya Sagar, better known as Vidyasagar (born 2 March 1963) is an Indian composer, musician and singer who works predominantly in the Tamil, Malayalam, and Telugu film industries. After working with several composers as assistant and conductor, Vidyasagar made his debut as a film composer in the 1989 Tamil film Poo Manam and is nicknamed as "Melody King". Working for over 225 feature films, he is the recipient of one National Award, multiple State Awards and five Filmfare Awards. He is widely regarded as one of the finest and most acclaimed composers in the history of Indian cinema.
Robert Prechter
Robert R. Prechter Jr. (born March 25, 1949) is an American financial author, and stock market analyst, known for his financial forecasts using the Elliott Wave Principle. Prechter is an author and co-author of 14 books, and editor of 2 books, and his book Conquer the Crash was a New York Times bestseller in 2002. He also has published monthly financial commentary in the newsletter The Elliott Wave Theorist since 1979, and is the founder of Elliott Wave International and New Classics Library. Prechter served on the board of the CMT Association for nine years, and as its president in 1990–91. He has been a member of Mensa and Intertel. In recent years Prechter has supported the study of socionomics, a theory about human social behavior.

In 2014 at the IFTA Conference in London Prechter was created a Fellow of the UK Society of Technical Analysts in recognition of his lifetime contributions to Technical Analysis.

Technical analysis
In finance, technical analysis is an analysis methodology for analysing and forecasting the direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume. As a type of active management, it stands in contradiction to much of modern portfolio theory. The efficacy of technical analysis is disputed by the efficient-market hypothesis, which states that stock market prices are essentially unpredictable, and research on whether technical analysis offers any benefit has produced mixed results. It is distinguished from fundamental analysis, which considers a company's financial statements, health, and the overall state of the market and economy.
Arthur H. Cole
Arthur Harrison Cole (November 21, 1889 – November 10, 1974) was an American economic historian and was the head of the Harvard University Business School's library.  Cole created the Research Center in Entrepreneurial History that was addressed by Joseph Schumpeter, and that had as participants several graduate students who later went on to distinguished careers in economic history.

He graduated from Bowdoin College and Harvard University.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
Three Hearts in a Tangle
"Three Hearts in a Tangle" is a song written by Ray Pennington and Sonny Thompson. It was first recorded by Pennington under the pseudonym "Ray Starr" for King Records in 1958. Pennington was unsatisfied with the quality of the recording and had it quickly withdrawn. In 1961 Roy Drusky made a hit recording of the song which reached No. 2 on the Country chart and No. 35 on the Billboard Hot 100. A year later, James Brown recorded it in 44 time rather than the 34 in which it was originally written, earning him a No. 18 R&B hit. Other performers who have recorded the song include Dave Dudley, Leroy Van Dyke, and George and Gwen McCrae.

Dave Dudley
Dave Dudley (May 3, 1928 – December 22, 2003) was an American country music singer best known for his truck-driving country anthems of the 1960s and 1970s and his somewhat-slurred bass. His signature song was "Six Days on the Road", and he is also remembered for "Vietnam Blues", "Truck Drivin' Son-of-a-Gun", and "Me and Ol' C.B.". His other recordings include a duet with Tom T. Hall, "Day Drinking", and his own top-10 hit, "Fireball Rolled a Seven", supposedly based on the career and death of Edward Glenn "Fireball" Roberts.
Marc Van Audenrode
Marc A. Van Audenrode (born March 10, 1961) is a Canadian economist who is managing principal at Analysis Group, the largest privately held economic consulting firm in the United States, and an adjunct professor at Université de Sherbrooke.

Van Audenrode is an expert on labor economics and specializes in antitrust law, econometrics, and public economics. His research has been published in numerous peer-reviewed academic journals. He has also written articles for trade journals. Van Audenrode is a co-author of The Mutual Fund Industry: Competition and Investor Welfare (Columbia Business School Publishing, 2010).

Université de Sherbrooke
The Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS; English: University of Sherbrooke) is a French-language public research university in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, with a second campus in Longueuil, a suburb on the South Shore of Montreal. It is one of two universities in the Estrie region of Quebec (the other one being Bishop's University), and the only French-language university for the region.

As of 2022, the Université de Sherbrooke is home to 31,000 students, and an additional 3,000 older learners (age 50+) in continuing education in its "University of the Third Age". Of its 7,400 employees, about 4,000 are teaching staff. The university has over 100,000 graduates and offers 46 undergraduate, 48 master's and 27 doctoral programs. It holds a total of 61 research chairs, among which are the pharmacology, microelectronics, statistical learning, and environment research chairs.
Samstagern railway station
Samstagern is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich and municipality of Richterswil. It takes its name from the nearby village of Samstagern. The station is on the Pfäffikon SZ to Arth-Goldau line, and the Wädenswil to Einsiedeln railway line, which are both owned by the Südostbahn. The two lines separate to the northwest of the station. The statio lies within fare zone 153 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

The station is the location of a Südostbahn railway depot and workshop.

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
Hollingdean Depot
Hollingdean Depot is a large waste management facility in Hollingdean, an area of the city of Brighton and Hove. The site is operated by Veolia Environmental Services in cooperation with Brighton & Hove City Council and East Sussex County Council. It is separated into two areas: a materials recovery facility and waste transfer station operated by Veolia, and a depot for council vehicles such as bin lorries.

East Sussex County Council
East Sussex County Council is the upper tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county; the latter additionally includes Brighton and Hove.

East Sussex is divided into five local government districts. Three are larger, rural, districts (from west to east: Lewes; Wealden; and Rother). The other two, Eastbourne and Hastings, are mainly urban areas. The rural districts are subdivided into civil parishes.

The council has been under no overall control since 2023, being led by a Conservative minority administration. It has its headquarters at County Hall in Lewes; there are a number of other administrative buildings located throughout the county.
Greek music in Israel
Greek music in Israel is very popular and Greek musicians often visit Israel while on world tours. Popular Greek singers who have performed in Israel include Manolis Angelopoulos, Eleftheria Arvanitaki, George Dalaras, Haris Alexiou, Glykeria, Nikos Vertis and Natassa Theodoridou. In December 2012 Natasa Theodoridou performed some of her songs in Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center in Hebrew. In 2007 during the interview of Shimon Peres by Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation on George Dalaras concert in Israel, President Shimon Peres stated: "In Israel we love the Greek Music. For us Greece is a country but also a melody".

Glykeria
Glykeria (born Glykeria Kotsoula, Greek: Γλυκερία; born 16 November 1953 in Agio Pnevma, Serres) is a Greek singer active in Greece and Cyprus, while also gaining fame in Israel, France, Turkey, Spain, and England. Her career has spanned over 30 years and is marked by several multi-platinum releases. On 14 March 2010, Alpha TV ranked Glykeria the third top-certified female artist in the nation's phonographic era (since 1960).
Pierson cabinet
The Pierson cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 27 July 1897 until 1 August 1901. The cabinet was formed by the political party Liberal Union (CU) after the election of 1897. The left-liberal cabinet was a minority government in the House of Representatives but was supported by Independent Liberals for a majority. Nicolaas Pierson of the Liberal Union was Prime Minister.

1897 Dutch general election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 15 June 1897, with a second round in 50 constituencies on 25 June. The Liberal Union remained the largest party, winning 38 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.
Lithogenes wahari
Lithogenes wahari is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the suckermouth armoured catfishes. This catfish is endemic to Venezuela where it is only known from its type locality in Pawa stream, a tributary of the Cuao River, in the drainage system of the Sipapo River in Amazonas state, in the Guiana Shield. This species reaches a standard length of 7.8 cm (3.1 in). The specific name, wahari, is derived from Rúa-Wahari, the creator god of the Piaroa people who are indigenous to the middle of the Orinoco basin, within which this species is found.

Orinoco
The Orinoco (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾiˈnoko]) is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 km (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi), with 65% of it in Venezuela and 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (39,000 m3/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s) at delta) due to the high precipitation throughout its catchment area (2,300 millimetres per are [0.084 in/sq ft]). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the Llanos of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse.
Sketch-based modeling
Sketch-based modeling is a method of creating 3D models for use in 3D computer graphics applications.  Sketch-based modeling is differentiated from other types of 3D modeling by its interface - instead of creating a 3D model by directly editing polygons, the user draws a 2D shape which is converted to 3D automatically by the application.

Eurographics
Eurographics is a Europe-wide professional computer graphics association. The association supports its members in advancing the state of the art in computer graphics and related fields such as multimedia, scientific visualization, and human–computer interaction.
George Darrow Round Barn
The George Darrow Round Barn is a historic building located near Alta Vista in rural Chickasaw County, Iowa, United States. The true round barn was constructed of clay tile in 1916. The use of clay tiles suggests that it was influenced by the work of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station in the early 20th century. It has a diameter 64 feet (20 m), and a height of 50 feet (15 m).  The barn features a two-pitch roof and a 14-foot (4.3 m) central clay tile silo. It was built as a dairy barn and it was used as such until 1978. Dairy cow stanchions surround the central silo on one side of the barn in a circular arrangement, and horse stalls surround the other side. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) since 1986. It has subsequently been torn down. It was removed from the NRHP in 2022.

Round barn
A round barn is a historic barn design that could be octagonal, polygonal, or circular in plan. Though round barns were not as popular as some other barn designs, their unique shape makes them noticeable. The years from 1880 to 1920 represent the height of round barn construction. Round barn construction in the United States can be divided into two overlapping eras. The first, the octagonal era, spanned from 1850 to 1900. The second, the true circular era, spanned from 1889 to 1936. The overlap meant that round barns of both types, polygonal and circular, were built during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Numerous round barns in the United States are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Diphenpipenol
Diphenpipenol is an opioid analgesic drug invented in the 1970s by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. It is chemically a 1-substituted-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine derivative related to compounds such as MT-45 and AD-1211, but diphenpipenol is the most potent compound in the series, with the more active (S) enantiomer being around 105 times the potency of morphine in animal studies. This makes it a similar strength to fentanyl and its analogues, and consequently diphenpipenol can be expected to pose a significant risk of producing life-threatening respiratory depression, as well as other typical opioid side effects such as sedation, itching, nausea and vomiting.

Diphenpipenol has been offered for sale online as a designer drug, though analysis of a sample of supposed diphenpipenol found it to instead contain a structural isomer with much weaker opioid activity, and it is unclear if genuine diphenpipenol has actually been sold.

Itch
An itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes a strong desire or reflex to scratch. Itches have many similarities to pain, and while both are unpleasant sensory experiences, their behavioral response patterns are different. Pain creates a withdrawal reflex, whereas itches lead to a scratch reflex.

Unmyelinated nerve fibers for itches and pain both originate in the skin. Information for them is conveyed centrally in two distinct systems that both use the same nerve bundle and spinothalamic tract.
Debian build toolchain
The Debian build toolchain is a collection of software utilities used to create Debian source packages (.dsc) and Debian binary packages (.deb files) from upstream source tarballs.

These tools are used in the Debian project and also in Debian-based distributions such as Ubuntu.

Upstream (software development)
In software development, when software has been forked or uses a chain of libraries/dependencies, upstream refers to an issue that occurs in software related to the chain. It is the direction that is toward the original authors or maintainers of software. It is usually used in the context of a version, a bug, or a patch.

Upstream development allows other distributions to benefit from it when they pick up the future release or merge recent (or all) upstream patches. Likewise, the original authors (maintaining upstream) can benefit from contributions that originate from custom distributions, if their users send patches upstream.

The term also pertains to bugs; responsibility for a bug is said to lie upstream when it is not caused through the distribution's porting, non-upstream modification or integration efforts.