hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Source control (respiratory disease)
Source control is a strategy for reducing disease transmission by blocking respiratory secretions produced through breathing, speaking, coughing, sneezing or singing. Multiple source control techniques can be used in hospitals, but for the general public wearing personal protective equipment during epidemics or pandemics, respirators provide the greatest source control, followed by surgical masks, with cloth face masks recommended for use by the public only when there are shortages of both respirators and surgical masks.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA; /ˈoʊʃə/) is a regulatory agency of the United States Department of Labor that originally had federal visitorial powers to inspect and examine workplaces.: 12, 16  The United States Congress established the agency under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), which President Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 29, 1970. OSHA's mission is to "assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance". The agency is also charged with enforcing a variety of whistleblower statutes and regulations. OSHA's workplace safety inspections have been shown to reduce injury rates and injury costs without adverse effects on employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm survival.
Bailleul, Nord
Bailleul (French pronunciation: [bajœl] ⓘ; Belle in Dutch) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is located in French Flanders, 3 km (2 mi) from the Belgian border and 26 km (16 mi) northwest of Lille.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Wasylów Wielki
Wasylów Wielki (Polish pronunciation: [vaˈsɨluv ˈvjɛlkʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulhówek, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Grand Southern Trunk Road
The Grand Southern Trunk Road (GST Road) is a historic major arterial road in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, forming the principal southern land route from Chennai. Historically, the road connected Chennai with the interior and southern regions of the state, most notably Trichy, and played an important role in trade, administration, and transport during the colonial period.

After the 2010 renumbering of national highways in India, the precise extent of the GST Road became less clearly defined, and the term is now primarily used to refer to the Chennai–Tindivanam stretch of National Highway 32. The road is also still commonly referred to as NH 45, its designation prior to the 2010 renumbering.

Pallavaram
Pallavaram (originally Pallavapuram) is a southern suburb of Chennai, India. It lies in the district of Chengalpattu, situated within the Chennai Metropolitan Area, Tamil Nadu state.

Formerly a Municipality under Alandur taluk, it was bifurcated in August 2015 to form a new taluk.In November 2021, the town was merged with Tambaram City Municipal Corporation. Cantonment Pallavaram is managed by the Ministry of Defence, Government of India under the St.Thomas Mount-cum-Pallavaram cantonment board. The neighborhood is known for its cantonment and bustling residential colonies and is served by Pallavaram railway station of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network.

Pallavaram has a long history and has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age. The town derives its name from the Pallava settlement of Pallavapuram of which it used to form a part. The cantonment and aerodrome were established during British rule. The British also carried out charnockite mining activities on Pallavaram Hill.
2024 Torneo Federal A
The 2024 Argentine Torneo Federal A was the twelfth season of the Torneo Federal A, the regionalised third tier of the Argentine football league system. The tournament is reserved for teams indirectly affiliated to the Asociación del Fútbol Argentino (AFA), while teams affiliated to AFA have to play the Primera B Metropolitana, which is the other third-tier competition. The competition was contested by 33 of the 36 teams that took part in the 2023 season, with no teams relegated from Primera Nacional and five teams promoted from Torneo Regional Federal Amateur. One team was promoted to Primera Nacional, other team qualified for a promotion playoff against a team from Primera B Metropolitana and four teams were relegated to Torneo Regional Federal Amateur. The season began on 24 March and ended on 1 December 2024.

Torneo Federal A
The Torneo Federal A (lit. 'Federal A Tournament') is one of the two professional leagues that form the regionalised third level of the Argentine football league system, along with Primera B Metropolitana. The competition was established in 2014 as a result of a change in the structure of the league system, replacing Torneo Argentino A.

Federal A is organised by "Consejo Federal", a division of the Argentine Football Association. Clubs in Federal A have indirect membership in AFA unlike clubs in Primera B, which have direct membership. All teams with indirect membership are from outside the city of Buenos Aires (playing in regional leagues) and its metropolitan area (Greater Buenos Aires), while most of the direct members are from the aforementioned area.
Hem (band)
Hem is a musical group from Brooklyn, New York. Band members include Sally Ellyson (vocals), Dan Messé (piano, accordion, glockenspiel), Gary Maurer (guitar, mandolin), Steve Curtis (guitar, mandolin, banjo, back-up vocals), George Rush (bass guitar), Mark Brotter (drums), Bob Hoffnar (pedal steel guitar), Dawn Landes (background vocals and glockenspiel) and Heather Zimmerman Messé (violin). The group sometimes expands to include other musicians and orchestral accompaniments.

Their music has been variously described as "folk", "indie", "Americana" and "roots". Stylistically, their songs bridge 19th-century American parlour music, Appalachian folk music, gospel music, traditional American ballads, the European art song, early jazz, and even contemporary classical music.

Nettwerk Music Group
Nettwerk Music Group is an independent record label founded in 1984.

The Vancouver-based company was created by principals Terry McBride and Mark Jowett. Initially specializing in electronic music such as alternative dance and industrial, the label expanded its roster to include pop, rock and numerous singer-songwriters. Nettwerk has played an impactful role in many artists' careers, such as Coldplay, Sarah McLachlan, and Barenaked Ladies.

The label was named Billboard's "Indie Power Players" list in 2024 and 2025.
Andrographolide
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that has been isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide is an extremely bitter substance.

Andrographolide has been studied for its effects on cell signaling, immunomodulation, and stroke.  Study has shown that andrographolide may bind to a spectrum of protein targets including NF-κB and actin by covalent modification.

Andrographolide is a non-ATP-competitive, substrate-competitive GSK-3β inhibitor. When the substrate concentration is 25μM, the IC50 of andrographolide for GSK-3β is 5.58±0.40μM. When the substrate concentration is increased to 90μM, the IC50 increases to 37.7μM.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, (GSK-3 beta), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSK3B gene.  In mice, the enzyme is encoded by the Gsk3b gene. Abnormal regulation and expression of GSK-3 beta is associated with an increased susceptibility towards bipolar disorder.
Paramount Theatre (Los Angeles)
Paramount Theatre (formerly Metropolitan Theater or Grauman's Metropolitan Theater; also known as Paramount Downtown) was a movie palace and office building located at 323 W 6th Street and 536 S Hill Street, across the street from Pershing Square, in the historic core of downtown Los Angeles. It had an additional entrance connecting it to the Broadway Theater District and it was the largest movie theater in Los Angeles for many years.

Pershing Square (Los Angeles)
Pershing Square is a small public park in Downtown Los Angeles, California, one square block in size, bounded by 5th Street to the north, 6th to the south, Hill to the east, and Olive to the west. Originally dedicated in 1866 by Mayor Cristóbal Aguilar as La Plaza Abaja, the square has had numerous names over the years until it was finally dedicated in honor of General John J. Pershing in 1918.
Ambrose Appelbe
Ambrose Erle Fuller Appelbe (1903 – 24 January 1999) was a British solicitor and social reformer.

Appelbe was born on a Trek Ox-wagon in the Kalahari Desert to a British family, his father being a medical missionary.  He was educated at Kingswood School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he was the Squire Law Scholar.

Appelbe settled at Toynbee Hall, and formed his own firm of solicitors.  He also served on the council of the universities settlements, and on the executive of the Fabian Society.

In 1929, Appelbe married fellow solicitor Carrie Morrison.  At the 1935 United Kingdom general election, he stood unsuccessfully for the Labour Party in Harwich.  In 1958, he was a founding trustee of the Albany Trust.

Appelbe was, with George Bernard Shaw and H.G Wells, a founder of the Smell Society, which had the aim of promoting pleasant smells.

Fabian Society
The Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/) is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.

As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has strongly influenced British politics. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.

Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of twenty socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.
Arra Mountains
The Arra Mountains or Arra Hills (Irish: Sliabh an Ara) are situated in County Tipperary in Ireland, between the towns of Nenagh and Ballina, south east of Lough Derg (Shannon) and north of the M7 Motorway.

The highest summit is Tountinna (Irish: Tonn Toinne) at 457m high.

On Loughtea Hill, south-west of Portroe, a 20-metre-high (66 ft) stainless steel cross was erected in 2002 to mark the millennium and to replace an original cross placed there following the Eucharistic Congress of Dublin (1932).

Fintan's Grave a cave on Tountinna where in mythology Fintan mac Bóchra is said to have waited out the flood here.

Ballina, County Tipperary
Ballina (historically Bellanaha), from Irish: Béal an Átha, meaning 'mouth of the ford', is a census town that lies on the River Shannon in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is situated on the eastern shore of Lough Derg across from its 'twin-town' of Killaloe on the west bank of the lake. The towns are joined by Killaloe Bridge.

The annual Brian Boru Festival takes place in early July each year. A joint celebration between the two towns of the ancient High King of Ireland, Brian Boru, it involves many community-based activities including a hurling match between the teams from both towns.

Ballina has a primary school, Ballina National School, with the nearest secondary school, St. Anne's Community College, present in Killaloe.
Oxazolone
Oxazolone is a chemical compound and functional group, with the molecular formula C3H3NO2. It was named in-line with the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature and is part of a large family of oxazole based compounds. There are a total of 5 structural isomers of oxazolone; 3 according to the location of the carbonyl group and 2 more according to the location of the double bond C=X (with X= N or C):

2-(3H)oxazolone

2-(5H)oxazolone

4-(5H)-oxazolone

5-(2H)-oxazolone

5-(4H)-oxazolone

The 4-oxazolone motif, which is also formally a lactam, is present in a number of drugs (fenozolone, thozalinone, cyclazodone, reclazepam etc.).

Substituted 5-oxazolones may also be regarded as the cyclization products of N-acyl α-amino acids, making them lactones, and are sometimes referred to as azlactones.

Acyl group
In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group (R−C=O) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group (H−C=O). In organic chemistry, the acyl group (IUPAC name alkanoyl if the organyl group is alkyl) is usually derived from a carboxylic acid, in which case it has the formula R−C(=O)−, where R represents an organyl group or hydrogen. Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids. In the most common arrangement, acyl groups are attached to a larger molecular fragment, in which case the carbon and oxygen atoms are linked by a double bond.
Eluxadoline
Eluxadoline, sold under the brand names Viberzi and Truberzi, is a medication taken by mouth for the treatment of diarrhea and abdominal pain in individuals with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). It was approved for use in the United States in 2015. The drug originated from Janssen Pharmaceutica and was developed by Actavis.

Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases. Given that, approaching the examination of a person and planning of a differential diagnosis is extremely important.

Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy. In a third of cases, the exact cause is unclear.
Sinanglay
Sinanglay is a Filipino dish made from stuffed fish wrapped in leafy vegetables and lemongrass or pandan leaves cooked in a spicy coconut milk sauce. It is a type of ginataan and originates from the Bicol Region.

Bicol Region
The Bicol Region, designated as Region V, is an administrative region of the Philippines. It comprises six provinces, four on the Bicol Peninsula (the southeastern end of Luzon): Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon, and two off the shore: Catanduanes and Masbate.

The regional center is Legazpi, the most populous city in the region and has one independent component city, the pilgrim city of Naga. The region is bounded by Lamon Bay to the north, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Sibuyan Sea and Ragay Gulf to the west. The northernmost provinces, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur, are bordered to the west by the province of Quezon in the Calabarzon region.
Giulia Salzano
Giulia Salzano (13 October 1846 – 17 May 1929) was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious and the founder of the Catechetical Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (1905). Salzano served as a teacher prior to becoming a religious and since 1865 worked in Casoria as a teacher for children where she demonstrated herself as an apt catechist and instructor.

Salzano's cause for sainthood opened on 4 April 1974 under Pope Paul VI and was titled as a Servant of God while Pope John Paul II titled her as Venerable on 23 April 2002 and beatified her as well on 27 April 2003. Pope Benedict XVI canonized her as a saint in Saint Peter's Square on 17 October 2010.

Caserta
Caserta (Italian: [kaˈzɛrta] ⓘ or [kaˈsɛrta]; Neapolitan: [kaˈsertə]) is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. An important agricultural, commercial, and industrial comune and city, Caserta is located 36 kilometres north of Naples on the edge of the Campanian plain at the foot of the Campanian Subapennine mountain range. The city is best known for the 18th-century Bourbon Royal Palace of Caserta.
Chiswick Park Cricket Ground
Chiswick Park Cricket Ground was a cricket ground in Chiswick, London (historically Middlesex).  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1886, when Chiswick Park played the Parsees during their tour of England.

The first first-class match held on the ground came in 1886 when CI Thornton's XI played the touring Australians.  The second and final first-class match held at the ground came in 1887 when Middlesex played Oxford University.

The final recorded match held on the ground came in 1888 when the Gentlemen of West Middlesex played the Parsees during their tour of England. The ground was located to the north of the Hounslow Loop Line and was surrounded to the west by Grove Park Terrace, to the north by Fauconberg Road and to the west by Sutton Court Road. Following the Second World War, the ground was built over, with a primary school and apartments built on it.

Hounslow Loop line
The Hounslow Loop line is a railway line in southwest London which was opened by the London and South Western Railway in 1850. It leaves the Waterloo–Reading line at Barnes Junction and after some seven and a half miles rejoins it at a triangular junction between Whitton and Feltham. Barnes Railway Bridge carries the line over the River Thames. Passenger services, all operated by South Western Railway, either loop back to Waterloo by the junctions or continue southwest via Feltham. The line is electrified at 750 V DC (third rail). It provides access to the North London Line for freight services both passing through Clapham Junction to the north east and connecting to the rail network to the south west.
Sengo language
Sengo is one of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Sengo village (4°00′35″S 142°58′52″E﻿ / ﻿4.009778°S 142.980978°E﻿ / -4.009778; 142.980978﻿ (Sengo)), Burui/Kunai Rural LLG, East Sepik Province.

Sepik
The Sepik (/ˈsiːpɪk/) is the longest river on the island of New Guinea, and the third largest in Oceania by discharge volume after the Fly and Mamberamo. The majority of the river flows through the Papua New Guinea (PNG) provinces of Sandaun (formerly West Sepik) and East Sepik, with a small section flowing through the Indonesian province of Papua.

The Sepik has a large catchment area, and landforms that include swamplands, tropical rainforests and mountains. Biologically, the river system is often said to be possibly the largest uncontaminated freshwater wetland system in the Asia-Pacific region. But, in fact, numerous fish and plant species have been introduced into the Sepik since the mid-20th century.
James Connors (Medal of Honor)
James Connors (c. 1838 – unknown) was an Irish born Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Fisher's Hill near Strasburg, Virginia fought 21–22 September 1864. The battle was one of the engagements of the Valley Campaigns of 1864.

Connors enlisted in the Army from Canajoharie, New York in August 1861, and mustered out with his regiment in June 1865.

Valley campaigns of 1864
The Valley campaigns of 1864 began as operations initiated by Union  Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and resulting battles that took place in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia during the American Civil War from May to October 1864. Some military historians divide this period into three separate campaigns. This article considers them together, as the campaigns interacted and built upon one another.
Cédric Blanpain
Cédric, Baron Blanpain (born 6 September 1970) is a Belgian researcher in the field of stem cells (embryology, tissue homeostasis and cancer). He is a tenured professor of developmental biology and genetics at Université libre de Bruxelles and director of the stem cell and cancer lab at its Faculty of Medicine. He was one of the first researchers in the world to use cell lineage tracing in cancer research and he showed for the first time the existence of cancer stem cells in solid tumors in vivo. He was selected by Nature as one of 10 People who mattered most in 2012 and he received the outstanding young investigator award of the International Society for Stem Cell Research.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Bgheri Cave Natural Monument
Bgheri Cave Natural Monument (Georgian: ბღერის მღვიმე), also known as Bgheristskali cave, is a seasonal karst cave located near road between villages of Kumistavi and Qvilishori in Tsqaltubo Municipality in Imereti region of Georgia.

Imereti
Imereti (Georgian: იმერეთი, pronounced [imeɾetʰi]) is a region of Georgia situated in the central-western part of the republic along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni River. Imereti is the most populous region in Georgia. It consists of 11 municipalities and the city of Kutaisi, which is the capital of the region.