hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1976 California Democratic presidential primary
The 1976 California Democratic presidential primary was held on June 8, 1976, as one of the Democratic Party presidential primaries ahead of the 1976 United States presidential election. The primary was held alongside the state's Republican Party presidential primary as well as primaries in New Jersey and Ohio. It was one of the last elections before the 1976 Democratic National Convention the following month.

Then incumbent California governor Jerry Brown faced off against Georgia governor Jimmy Carter, as well as a small number of others. Brown won his home state in a blowout, winning every county, but ultimately failed to secure the nomination. Carter would go on to win the nomination and later the presidency, unseating incumbent president Gerald Ford.

1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From January 27 to June 8, 1976, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1976 United States presidential election. Former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1976 Democratic National Convention held from July 12 to July 15, 1976, in New York City.

The primaries took place after the Watergate scandal and the subsequent Democratic landslide in the 1974 midterm elections. Going into the presidential election, the Democratic Party stood a strong chance of recapturing control of the White House. Hoping to avoid a repeat of 1972, Democrats nominated centrist Georgia governor Jimmy Carter to reclaim the Solid South and win back northern working-class voters. He ultimately defeated President Gerald Ford by a narrow margin, which was the only Democratic presidential win from 1964 until 1992.
Nocturnal (Varèse)
Nocturnal (1961) for soprano, male choir, and orchestra, is a musical composition by Edgard Varèse with text consisting of syllables by Varèse and words and phrases adapted from House of Incest by Anaïs Nin (1936), revised and completed posthumously by Chou Wen-chung (1968), The piece is commissioned by and dedicated to the Koussevitzky Music Foundation, published 1972. It includes music for flexatone and two ondes Martenots. The use of Dada-like "meta-language" in Ecuatorial and in Nocturnal was suggested by Antonin Artaud. The premier was conducted by Robert Craft at The Town Hall in New York on May 1, 1961.

Metalanguage
In logic and linguistics, a metalanguage is a language used to describe another language, often called the object language. Expressions in a metalanguage are often distinguished from those in the object language by the use of italics, quotation marks, or writing on a separate line. The structure of sentences and phrases in a metalanguage can be described by a metasyntax. For example, to say that the word "noun" can be used as a noun in a sentence, one could write "noun" is a <noun>.
Microtropis wallichiana
Microtropis wallichiana is a species of small tree in the family Celastraceae. It is native to India and Sri Lanka.  Its leaves are simple, opposite, decussate, and estipulate. The tree is about 15m high. Branchlets are yellowish in mature trees and darker in the youngest. The fruit is a capsule, 1-seeded; flowers are bisexual with 5 petals. Flowering and fruiting occur in December and January.

Celastraceae
The Celastraceae, also known as the staff-vine or bittersweet family, are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates, and Parnassia (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates.

Of the 98 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (Brexiella, Evonymopsis, Hartogiopsis, Polycardia, Ptelidium, and Salvadoropsis) are endemic to Madagascar.
Patrick Kavanagh (rugby union)
Patrick Joseph Kavanagh (2 September 1929 — 20 August 2015) was an Irish rugby union player and swimmer.

Born in Dublin, Kavanagh was educated at Blackrock College and University College Dublin (UCD).

Kavanagh, a freestyle specialist, received his swimming tuition from Irish diving champion Eddie Heron. He was a five-time winner of the 100 metres freestyle at the Irish Championships and qualified for the 1948 Summer Olympics. After travelling to London for the Olympics, Kavanagh and his teammates were forced to withdraw at the last minute when the International Swimming Federation barred two of their squad from competing as they were from the north.

A Leinster Schools Cup-winner with Blackrock College, Kavanagh went on to play rugby at UCD and won two Ireland caps, against England at Twickenham in 1952 and Wales at Cardiff in 1955. His younger brother Ronnie was also an Ireland player and both were on the 1952 tour of South America, making uncapped appearances against Argentina.

1952 Ireland rugby union tour of South America
The 1952 Ireland rugby union tour of South America, was a series of rugby matches played in Chile and Argentina. This tour by the Ireland national rugby union team coincided with the death of Eva Peron, the wife of Juan Peron, the President of Argentina. As a result, it was almost cancelled. Eva Peron died on 26 July, six days after the Irish squad had departed Dublin. However, after playing their first game in Santiago, Chile, the team travelled onto Buenos Aires and completed the tour as planned.

They finished with a record of played 9, won 6, drew 2 and 1 defeat. The tour also featured the first full rugby internationals between Ireland and Argentina.
Shitennō (Tokugawa clan)
The Four Heavenly Kings of the Tokugawa (徳川四天王, Tokugawa-shitennō) is a Japanese sobriquet describing four highly effective samurai generals who fought on behalf of Tokugawa Ieyasu in Sengoku period. They were famous during their lifetimes as the four most fiercely loyal vassals of the Tokugawa clan in the early Edo period.

Each of those four generals was the founder of a cadet branch clan:

Honda Tadakatsu of the Honda clan

Ii Naomasa of the Ii clan

Sakakibara Yasumasa of the Sakakibara clan

Sakai Tadatsugu of the Sakai clan

Sakai clan
The Sakai clan (Japanese: 酒井氏／坂井氏, Hepburn: Sakai-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.kai(.ɕi)]) was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Nitta branch of the Minamoto clan, who were in turn descendants of Emperor Seiwa. Serata (Nitta) Arichika, a samurai of the 14th century, was the common ancestor of both the Sakai clan and the Matsudaira clan, which the Sakai later served. In the Sengoku period, under Tokugawa Ieyasu (who was the head of what was formerly the main Matsudaira family line), the Sakai became chief retainers. In the Edo period, because of their longstanding service to the Tokugawa clan, the Sakai were classified as a fudai family, in contrast with the tozama ("outsider clans").
Seán Moore (Gaelic footballer)
Seán Moore (born 1934) was an Irish Gaelic footballer and athlete who played for club side Glenview, divisional side Seandún, at senior level with the Cork county team and with Munster. He usually lined out at midfield.

Cork county football team
The Cork county football team represents Cork in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Cork GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Munster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Cork's home ground is Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork. The current manager is John Cleary.

Cork was the third Munster county both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final, following Limerick and Tipperary. The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2012, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2010 and the National League in 2012.
Baba Dharam Dass
Baba Dharam Dass was a holy man during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar. He is worshiped as an ancestor by all Jains from the village of Pasrur in Sialkot District  in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Sialkot District
Sialkot District is a district within the Gujranwala Division of Punjab, Pakistan. Located in northeastern Punjab, the city of Sialkot is the headquarters of the district. It houses the Sialkot Cantonment, established in 1852.
Searching for Heaven
"Searching for Heaven" is the third and final single from Pauline Murray and The Invisible Girls, released in April 1981 on Illusive Records. It was produced by Martin Hannett.

The title track featured both band-member Wayne Hussey and guest musician Bernard Sumner on guitars, as Vini Reilly, who had played on the album, had left to form The Durutti Column.

Vini Reilly
Vincent Gerard "Vini" Reilly (born 4 August 1953) is an English musician and leader of the post-punk group the Durutti Column. He is known for his distinctively clean, fluid guitar style, which stood out from his punk-era contemporaries in its incorporation of jazz, folk, and classical elements. In addition to his work under that group, Reilly also collaborated with artists such as Morrissey, John Cooper Clarke, Pauline Murray, Anne Clark, and others.
Eagle Peak Mendocino County AVA
Eagle Peak Mendocino County is an American Viticultural Area located in Mendocino County, California and established on November 10, 2014, by the U.S. Department of Treasury's Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).  It lies within the North Coast AVA  and takes its name from the nearby Eagle Peak summit covering the mountainous area situated in the California Coastal Range just west of the Redwood Valley AVA and east of  the V-shaped Mendocino AVA.  It was first proposed in June 2013, designating roughly 26,260 acres (10,627 ha) and straddles U.S. Highway 101 between the towns of Ukiah and Willits. The new boundaries reduced about 1,500 and 1,900 acres (607 and 769 ha) from each bordering AVA to eliminate overlap with Eagle Peak Mendocino County.

Ukiah, California
Ukiah (/juːˈkaɪə/ yoo-KY-ə; Pomo: Yokáya, meaning "deep valley" or "south valley") is the county seat of and the largest city in Mendocino County, in the North Coast region of California. Ukiah had a population of 16,607 at the 2020 census. With its accessible location along the U.S. Route 101 corridor, Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring Lake County.
Kiseleozyorka
Kiseleozyorka (Russian: Киселеозёрка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nikolsky Selsoviet of Belogorsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia.  As of 2018, it had a population of 217 people and consists of 3 streets.

Belogorsky District
Belogorsky District  (Russian: Белого́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 2,591 square kilometers (1,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Belogorsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 20,052 (2010 Census); 23,848 (2002 Census); 28,648 (1989 Soviet census).
2025 NFL draft
The 2025 NFL draft was the 90th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible players. The draft was held at Lambeau Field and its adjacent Titletown District in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on April 24–26, 2025. The Tennessee Titans held the first overall pick and selected Cam Ward, a quarterback from the Miami Hurricanes.

For the first time in the common draft era, the 2025 draft commenced with all teams holding their original selections in the first round. After the draft had begun, the Jacksonville Jaguars, Cleveland Browns, Philadelphia Eagles, and Kansas City Chiefs traded picks within the first round while the Houston Texans and Los Angeles Rams traded out of the first round. This was the first draft in NFL history to have every player selection come from an NCAA Division I FBS or FCS program.

Za'Darius Smith
Za'Darius Smith (born September 8, 1992) is an American former professional football linebacker and defensive end who played 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the East Mississippi Lions and Kentucky Wildcats. He was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the fourth round of the 2015 NFL draft. He also played for the Green Bay Packers, Minnesota Vikings, Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions and Philadelphia Eagles.
Free Reformed Churches of North America
The Free Reformed Churches of North America (FRCNA) is a theologically conservative federation of churches in the Dutch Calvinist tradition with congregations in the United States and Canada.  It officially adopted its current name in 1974.

These churches together confess the Bible to be the Word of God and believe it is faithfully summarized by the Belgic Confession, Heidelberg Catechism, and Canons of Dort. This denomination adheres to the five points of Calvinism. It is affiliated with the Christian Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerken).

Despite similar naming styles, the Free Reformed Churches of North America should not be confused with the Free Reformed Churches of Australia or Free Reformed Churches of South Africa.

Free Reformed Churches of South Africa
The Free Reformed Churches in South Africa (Afrikaans: Vrye Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid Afrika, VGKSA) is a federation of Protestant Christian churches. It follows Reformed Calvinist theology and has adopted the Dutch "three forms of unity" as its doctrinal standards: Canons of Dordt, Belgic Confession and the Heidelberg Catechism and subscribes to the three Ecumenical Creeds: The Apostles' Creed, The Nicene Creed and The Athanasian Creed.
Wigg (surname)
Wigg is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexz Wigg (born 1989), English motorcycle racer

Alfred Edgar Wigg (1857–1914), Australian surgeon

Charles Mayes Wigg (1889–1969), English artist

Edgar Smith Wigg (1818–1899), Australian stationer

Edward Neale Wigg (1847–1927), Australian publisher and businessman

George Wigg, Baron Wigg (1900–1983), British politician

Lilly Wigg (1749–1828), English botanist

Montagu Stone-Wigg (1861–1918), Anglican bishop

Ron Wigg (1949–1997), English footballer

Simon Wigg (1960–2000), English motorcycle racer

George Wigg
George Edward Cecil Wigg, Baron Wigg, PC (28 November 1900 – 11 August 1983) was a British Labour Party politician who only served in relatively junior offices but had a great deal of influence behind the scenes, especially with Harold Wilson.
Cathepsin A
Cathepsin A  is an enzyme that is classified both as a cathepsin and a carboxypeptidase. In humans, it is encoded by the CTSA gene. The enzyme is also known as Human Protective Protein.  It is a lysosomal serine carboxypeptidase.  The enzyme is a zymogen and must be processed to produce a 32 kDa and 20 kDa large and small subunit, respectively, to become catalytically active.  Cathespin L can activate Cathepsin A in vitro.

Β-Galactosidase
β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23, beta-gal or β-gal; systematic name β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase) is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing β-D-galactose residues in β-D-galactosides. (This enzyme digests many β-Galactosides, not just lactose. It is sometimes loosely referred to as lactase but that name is generally reserved for mammalian digestive enzymes that break down lactose specifically.)

β-Galactosides include carbohydrates containing galactose where the glycosidic bond lies above the galactose molecule. Substrates of different β-galactosidases include ganglioside GM1, lactosylceramides, lactose, and various glycoproteins.
AvantGrand
AvantGrand is a brand of digital piano introduced by Yamaha in 2009. The product line consists of a baby grand piano (the N3, replaced by the N3X in 2016), two "vertical" grand pianos (the N2, and the N1 replaced by the N1X in 2019), and an upright piano (the NU1, replaced by the NU1X in 2017, replaced by the NU1XA in 2023).

The AvantGrand pianos use samples taken from four locations in a Yamaha CFIIIS (CFX and Bosendorfer Imperial for the N1X, N3X and for the NU1X, CFX for NU1) Concert Grand pianos and attempt to emulate all aspects of conventional piano sound and play, down to the tactile response of keys and pedals. In covering the piano's release, Slate editor Chris Wilson wrote that the AvantGrand piano represents a substantial functional improvement over the conventional piano, while sounding practically indistinguishable from one for 95% of the world's pianists.

Yamaha Corporation
Yamaha Corporation (ヤマハ株式会社, Yamaha Kabushiki gaisha; /ˈjɑːməhɑː/; Japanese pronunciation: [jamaha]) is a Japanese multinational musical instrument and audio equipment manufacturer.

It is one of the constituents of Nikkei 225 and is the world's largest musical instrument manufacturing company.

The former motorcycle division was established in 1955 as Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., which started as an affiliated company but has been spun-off as its own independent company.
Ngawi railway station
Ngawi Station (Indonesian: Stasiun Ngawi, station code: NGW, formerly Paron Station (PA)) is a first-class railway station in Gelung, Paron, Ngawi Regency, Indonesia, operated by Kereta Api Indonesia. This railway station located 8–10 km southwest from Ngawi (city). The new building is operated—which has four tracks (two main lines and two passing tracks)—since Geneng–Kedungbanteng double track segment activation on 30 November 2019. Moreover, this former railway station name, Paron, has been changed.

Pasar Senen railway station
Pasar Senen Station (PSE) is a railway station located in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the second largest railway station in Jakarta after Gambir Station. It is located close to Pasar Senen market area in Senen, Senen, Central Jakarta. The current building was built in 1918 and inaugurated on 19 March 1925.

Pasar Senen only serves Economy and Business class intercity train except Gumarang and Sawunggalih. It also serves as a station for northbound KRL Commuterline trains.
Shelley's starling
Shelley's starling (Lamprotornis shelleyi) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in East Africa, within the borders of Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Somaliland, South Sudan, and Tanzania.

The common name and Latin binomial commemorate George Ernest Shelley, an English ornithologist and nephew of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.

George Ernest Shelley
Captain George Ernest Shelley (15 May 1840 – 29 November 1910) was an English geologist and ornithologist. He was a nephew of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.

Shelley was educated at the Lycée de Versailles and served a few years in the Grenadier Guards.

His books included A Monograph of the Cinnyridae, or Family of Sun-Birds (1876–1880), A Handbook to the Birds of Egypt (1872) and The Birds of Africa (5 volumes, 1896–1912) illustrated by J. G. Keulemans.
Electoral district of Floreat
Floreat was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1968 to 1996.

The district was based in the inner northwestern suburbs of Perth and was created in the 1966 redistribution. First contested at the 1968 state election, it was won by Liberal candidate Andrew Mensaros, who served as a minister in a number of portfolios under Sir Charles Court and Ray O'Connor from 1974 to 1983, and as shadow attorney-general amongst other responsibilities thereafter.

Mensaros resigned the seat on 16 May 1991 due to ill health, triggering a by-election won by independent candidate Liz Constable. Constable had originally intended to seek Liberal endorsement, but ran as an independent once it became clear that she would not win party preselection. Constable remained the member for Floreat until the seat's abolition ahead of the 1996 state election. She then successfully contested the new seat of Churchlands, which largely replaced Floreat.

1996 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 14 December 1996 to elect all 57 members to the Legislative Assembly and all 34 members to the Legislative Council. The Liberal–National coalition government, led by Premier Richard Court, won a second term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Dr Geoff Gallop since 15 October 1996.

The election resulted in the Liberals winning an outright majority for the first time in Western Australia's history.  Although Court did not need the support of the Nationals, the coalition was retained.  Meanwhile, Labor attracted its lowest share of the primary vote since 1901.
Berns (surname)
Berns is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alphonse Berns (born 1952), Luxembourg diplomat

Augusto Berns (1842–after 1888), German engineer and entrepreneur that rediscovered Machu Picchu

Bert Berns (1929–1967), American songwriter

Ilene Berns (1943–2017), American record company director

Magdalen Berns (1983–2019), British YouTuber and radical feminist activist

Marguerite Bernes (1901–1996), Algerian nun recognised as Righteous Among the Nations

Rick Berns (born 1956), American football player

Sam Berns (1997–2014), American progeria sufferer and campaigner

Thomas B. Berns (1945–2019), American politician, civil engineer, and surveyor

Walter Berns (1919–2015), American law professor

Marguerite Bernes
Sister Marguerite Claire Bernes (30 September 1901 – 13 April 1996) was an Algerian nun of the Daughters of Charity. She moved to Italy in the 1930s, hid Jewish families during Nazi German occupation, and was later recognised as Righteous Among the Nations.
Nummer 5
Nummer 5 met zuivere tonen (Number 5 with Pure Tones) is a musical work by the Belgian composer Karel Goeyvaerts, realized at the WDR Studio for Electronic Music in 1953 and one of the earliest pieces of electronic music.

Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)
The Studio for Electronic Music of the West German Radio (German: Studio für elektronische Musik des Westdeutschen Rundfunks) was a facility of the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) in Cologne. It was the first of its kind in the world, and its history reflects the development of electronic music in the second half of the twentieth century.
Trellis (graph)
A trellis is a graph whose nodes are ordered into vertical slices (time) with every node at almost every time connected to at least one node at an earlier and at least one node at a later time. The earliest and latest times in the trellis have only one node (hence the "almost" in the preceding sentence).

Trellises are used in encoders and decoders for communication theory and encryption. They are also the central datatype used in Baum–Welch algorithm or the Viterbi Algorithm for Hidden Markov Models.

The trellis graph is named for its similar appearance to an architectural trellis.

Baum–Welch algorithm
In electrical engineering, statistical computing and bioinformatics, the Baum–Welch algorithm is a special case of the expectation–maximization algorithm used to find the unknown parameters of a hidden Markov model (HMM). It makes use of the forward-backward algorithm to compute the statistics for the expectation step. The Baum–Welch algorithm, the primary method for inference in hidden Markov models, is numerically unstable due to its recursive calculation of joint probabilities. As the number of variables grows, these joint probabilities become increasingly small, leading to the forward recursions rapidly approaching values below machine precision.