hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tsarina
Tsarina or tsaritsa (also spelled csarina or csaricsa, tzarina or tzaritza, or czarina or czaricza; Cyrillic: царица) is the title of a female autocratic ruler (monarch) of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife.  The English spelling is derived from the German czarin or zarin, in the same way as the French tsarine / czarine, and the Spanish and Italian czarina / zarina. 
(A tsar's daughter is a tsarevna.)

"Tsarina" or "tsaritsa" was the title of the female supreme ruler in the following states:

Bulgaria: in 913–1018, in 1185–1422 and in 1908–1946

Serbia: in 1346–1371

Russia: officially from about 1547 until 1721, unofficially in 1721–1917 (officially "Empresses").

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Witch (album)
Witch is the debut album by Witch, a stoner doom band founded by J Mascis of Dinosaur Jr. "Soul of Fire" was released as a single with a demo version of "Rip Van Winkle" as the b-side. Heavy Black Sabbath influence is cited for this album.

Stoner rock
Stoner rock, also known as stoner metal or stoner doom, is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by Kyuss and Sleep.
National Mutual Insurance Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives
The National Mutual Insurance Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives (Japanese: 全国共済農業協同組合連合会), commonly known as "JA Kyosai" (JA共済) or ZENKYOREN, is Japan's national mutual aid association of agricultural cooperatives, founded based on Japan's Agricultural Cooperative Law. ZENKYOREN was founded in 1951 and provides property, liability and life insurance.

Property insurance
Property insurance provides protection against most risks to property, such as fire, theft and some weather damage. This includes specialized forms of insurance such as fire insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance, home insurance, or boiler insurance. Property is insured in two main ways—open perils and named perils.

Open perils cover all the causes of loss not specifically excluded in the policy. Common exclusions on open peril policies include damage resulting from earthquakes, floods, nuclear incidents, acts of terrorism, and war.  Named perils require the actual cause of loss to be listed in the policy for insurance to be provided. The more common named perils include such damage-causing events as fire, lightning, explosion, cyber-attack, and theft.
Larisa Gorchakova
Larisa Veniaminovna Gorchakova (Russian: Лариса Вениаминовна Горчакова, also spelled Gortchacova; born 9 July 1964) is a Russian backstroke swimmer, who won a bronze medal at the 1982 World Aquatics Championships and three medals at the 1981 European Aquatics Championships. She also competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics and finished sixth in the 100 m and eights in the 200 m backstroke events. Between 1981 and 1984, she won five national titles (USSR).

After retirement, between 1998 and 2000, she set five national (Russia) records and won two national titles in masters divisions.

1981 European Aquatics Championships
The 1981 European Aquatics Championships were held in an indoor pool (50 m) in Split, Yugoslavia from 5 September to 12 September 1981. Besides swimming there were titles contested in diving, synchronized swimming (women) and water polo (men).
College Point, Florida
College Point is located in Bay County, Florida, United States, and is now part of the city of Lynn Haven. The name, chosen by Mary Gaston Stollenwerck Jones, was the post office address of Bob Jones College (now Bob Jones University) built there in 1927. The college moved to Cleveland, Tennessee, in 1933, then to Greenville, South Carolina, in 1947.

Bob Jones University
Bob Jones University (BJU) is a private university in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. It is known for its conservative and evangelical cultural and religious positions. The university, with approximately 2,900 students, is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) and the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. In 2017, the university estimated the number of its graduates at 40,184.
Glossary of education terms (P–R)
This glossary of education-related terms is based on how they commonly are used in Wikipedia articles. This article contains terms starting with P – R. Select a letter from the table of contents to find terms on other articles.

Problem finding
Problem finding is part of the larger problem process that includes problem shaping and problem solving. Problem finding requires intellectual vision and insight into what is missing. Problem finding plays a major role in application of creativity.

Different terms have been used for problem finding in literature including problem discovery, problem formulation, problem identification, problem construction, and problem posing.: 200  It has been studied in many fields. Mathematics and science prefer to the term problem posing.
Belgian Sports Personality of the Year
The Belgian Sports Personality of the Year is a defunct annual sports award that was given out in January by the Belgian newspaper Het Nieuwsblad to the greatest personality in Belgian sports. It was first awarded in 1998 (1998) and last handed out in 2008 (2008). For this award, not only athletes qualified but everyone who was involved in sports, thus including amongst others trainers, coaches and athletes themselves. A person could only win this award once in his career.

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
Here Comes the Navy
Here Comes the Navy (also known as Hey, Sailor) is a 1934 American romantic comedy film written by Earl Baldwin and Ben Markson and directed by Lloyd Bacon. The film stars James Cagney, Pat O'Brien, Gloria Stuart and Frank McHugh.

Earl Baldwin
Earl Baldwin (January 11, 1901– October 9, 1970) was an American screenwriter.  He was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1901. During his career he wrote more than 50 produced screenplays, including Wild Boys of the Road, Brother Orchid, and Abbott and Costello's Africa Screams. He died at age 69 in Hollywood, California.
Taylor Mays
Taylor Mays (born February 7, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He won Washington state titles in track in both the 100-meter dash and 200-meter dash as a high school sophomore, before leaving track and field to dedicate himself to football. He played college football for the USC Trojans, and was a three-time first-team All-American. He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the second round of the 2010 NFL draft and also played in the NFL for the Cincinnati Bengals and Oakland Raiders, playing in 66 regular season NFL games.

Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. (/ˈnɔːrdstrəm/) is an American upmarket department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second location opened in 1923. The growing chain began selling clothing in 1963, and became the full-line retailer that presently exists by 1971. The company founded its off-price Nordstrom Rack division in 1973, and grew both full-line and off-price divisions throughout the United States in the following years. The full-line division competes with department stores including Bloomingdale's, Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue, while the off-price division competes with retailers including TJX and Ross Stores. Previous expansions beyond the contiguous United States include Puerto Rico (2015–2020) and Canada (2014–2023).
Fitzpatrick v Kelly
Fitzpatrick v. Kelly, L.R. 8 Q.B. 337 (1873), was an English case decided by the Queen's Bench that adopted a strict liability standard for violations of the Adulteration of Food Act (35 & 36 Vict. c. 74, s. 2 (1872)).  The defendant was prosecuted for selling adulterated butter, and the court did not require a showing of mens rea.

Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.
Autonomous Front
The Autonomous Front (Spanish: Frente Autonómico) was an electoral alliance formed by the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), the Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE) and Socialists' Unification of the Basque Country (ESEI) to contest the 1977 Spanish Senate election in the Basque Country and Navarre. The main goal was to negotiate the establishment of a four province basque autonomous community.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Cheshire archers
The Cheshire archers were a body of elite soldiers noted for their skills with the longbow that fought in many engagements in England and France in the Middle Ages. Battles at which there were sizeable numbers of Cheshire archers include Crecy and Agincourt.

Richard II employed a bodyguard of these yeoman archers who came from the Macclesfield Hundred and the Royal forest  of Macclesfield  as well as the other forest districts of Cheshire such as Mara and Mondrem, alongside Men-at-Arms from the same areas.

Longbow
A longbow is a type of tall bow that makes a long draw possible. Longbows for hunting and warfare have been made from many different woods in many cultures; in Europe they date from the Paleolithic era and, since the Bronze Age, were made mainly from yew, or from wych elm if yew was unavailable. The historical longbow was a self bow made of a single piece of wood, but modern longbows may also be made from modern materials or by gluing different timbers together.
Brownian motion and Riemann zeta function
In mathematics, the Brownian motion and the Riemann zeta function are two central objects of study in mathematics originating from different fields - probability theory and analytic number theory - that have mathematical connections between them. The relationships between stochastic processes derived from the Brownian motion and the Riemann zeta function show in a sense intuitively the stochastic behaviour underlying the Riemann zeta function. A representation of the Riemann zeta function in terms of stochastic processes is called a stochastic representation.

Bessel process
In mathematics, a Bessel process, named after Friedrich Bessel. The n-dimensional Bessel process is the solution to the  stochastic differential equation (SDE)

where W is a 1-dimensional Wiener process (Brownian motion)
Muzhi
Muzhi (Russian: Мужи) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Muzhi, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pytalovsky District of Pskov Oblast

Muzhi, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, a selo in Shuryshkarsky District of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Shuryshkarsky District
Shuryshkarsky District (Russian: Шурышкарский райо́н; Khanty: Ӆорвош район, Łorvoš rajon) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seven in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 54,016 square kilometers (20,856 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Muzhi. Population: 9,814 (2010 Census);  9,559 (2002 Census); 9,001 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Muzhi accounts for 36.8% of the district's total population.

Ethnic composition (2021):

Khanty – 48.6%

Russians – 29%

Komi – 13.8%

Nenets – 1.9%

Tatars – 1.1%

Ukrainians – 1%

Others – 4.6%
1980 NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1980 NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested March 14−15, 1980 at Cobo Arena in Detroit, Michigan at the 16th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States.

UTEP reclaimed the top spot in the team standings, finishing 24 points ahead of defending champions Villanova. The Miners claimed their fifth indoor team title and fifth title in seven seasons.

Villanova Wildcats
The Villanova Wildcats are the athletic teams of Villanova University. They compete in the Big East (NCAA Division I) for every sport; except football and women's rowing where they compete in the Coastal Athletic Association (Football Championship Subdivision, formerly Division I-AA), and women's water polo where they compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. On December 15, 2012, Villanova and the other six, non-FBS schools announced that they were departing the Big East for a new conference. This conference assumed the Big East name on July 1, 2013.
Filipp Ovsyannikov
Filipp Vasilievich Ovsyannikov (Russian: Филипп Васильевич Овсянников; 26 June [O.S. 14 June] 1827–11 June [O.S. 29 May] 1906) was the first Russian histologist and the founder of sturgeon breeding.

Ovsyannikov graduated from the Imperial University of Dorpat in 1853. He worked in Claude Bernard's laboratory in 1860 and in Carl Ludwig's laboratory in 1869. He held the chair in physiology at the University of Kazan from 1858 to 1862 and the chair in anatomy at the University of Saint Petersburg from 1864 to 1886. In 1864, he established the Physiological Laboratory for the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Ovsyannikov's laboratory was used for research by such young physiologists as Elias von Cyon and Ivan Pavlov.

In 1869, Ovsyannikov pioneered artificial reproduction of sterlet. A series of experiments with fish breeding won him a gold medal from the Free Economic Society. In 1871, he discovered the vasomotor center and determined its precise limits in the medulla oblongata.

Sterlet
The sterlet (Huso ruthenus) is a relatively small species of sturgeon from Eurasia native to large rivers that flow into the Black Sea, Azov Sea, and Caspian Sea, as well as rivers in Siberia as far east as Yenisei. Populations migrating between fresh and salt water (anadromous) have been extirpated. It is also known as the sterlet sturgeon.

Due to overfishing (for its flesh, caviar, and isinglass), pollution, and dams, the sterlet has declined throughout its native range and is considered endangered by the IUCN. Restocking projects are ongoing, and it has been introduced to some regions outside its native range, but the latter have generally not become self-sustaining. Today, the majority of the international trade involves sterlets from aquaculture.
Wray Community District Hospital
Wray Community District Hospital is a community hospital owned and operated by the Wray Community Hospital District in Wray, Colorado. Built in 1995, the hospital has fifteen beds. The hospital district has an affiliation with the Western Healthcare Alliance.

The hospital is a Level IV trauma center.

Community hospital
A community hospital can be purely a nominal designation or have a more specific meaning. When specific, it refers to a hospital that is accessible to the general public and provides a general or specific medical care which is usually short-term, in a cost-effective setting, and also focuses on preventing illnesses as opposed to only treating them. The word community often occurs in the name of the hospital. The word community is used in the sense of a location-based community for a community hospital.  The following sections describe community hospitals when referred to in specific countries.
Ballarat, California
Ballarat is an unincorporated community in Inyo County, California. It was founded in 1897 as a supply point for the mines in the canyons of the Panamint Range. A quarter-mile to the south is Post Office Springs, a reliable water source used since the 1850s. George Riggins, an immigrant from Australia, gave Ballarat its name when he proposed it should be named for Ballarat in Victoria, Australia.  It has been a virtual ghost town since the early 20th century.

Clayton Matthews
Clayton Hartley Matthews (24 October 1918 – 25 March 2004) was an American writer of mystery, erotic and romance novels, with more than 35 books and many short stories as Clayton Matthews. He often collaborated with his wife, writer Patricia Matthews (Patty Brisco); and they were called "the hottest couple in paperbacks.".
Submarine Squadron 17
Submarine Squadron 17 (also known as SUBRON 17) is a squadron of submarines of the United States Navy based in Bangor, Washington under the command of Captain Nathan Luther. The submarines that make up SUBRON 17 include:

Commander, Submarine Squadron 17 (CSS 17):
Ohio-class submarines:
USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN-730)
USS Alabama (SSBN-731)
USS Nevada (SSBN-733)
USS Kentucky (SSBN-737)
USS Nebraska (SSBN-739)
USS Maine (SSBN-741)
USS Louisiana (SSBN-743)

USS Maine (SSBN-741)
USS Maine (hull number SSBN-741) is a United States Navy Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine in commission since 1995. She is the fourth U.S. Navy ship authorized, and the third commissioned, to be named in honor of the state of Maine. She has the capability to carry 24 nuclear armed Trident ballistic missiles.
City Centre Aquatic Complex
The City Centre Aquatic Complex is an indoor aquatic centre featuring an Olympic size swimming pool in the Town Centre area of Coquitlam, British Columbia. The building was designed by Vic Davies Architect Ltd., built at a cost of $8.2 million, and opened in March 1994. The pools use ozone for secondary water purification.

Coquitlam Town Centre
Coquitlam Town Centre is the main commercial and retail neighbourhood for the city of Coquitlam, British Columbia. Coquitlam Town Centre covers 723 hectares (1,787 acres). The Town Centre also contains the highest concentration of high-rise condominiums in the Tri-Cities and northeastern Metro Vancouver.
Pete LePine
Louis Joseph "Pete" LePine (September 5, 1876 – December 3, 1949) was a Canadian born Major League Baseball player. A left-handed batter who also threw with his left hand, LePine had a listed height of 5'10" and a listed weight of 142 pounds.

A right fielder and first baseman, LePine spent one season in the majors, as a member of the 1902 Detroit Tigers. He appeared in 30 games, and compiled a .208 batting average and 19 RBI over 108 plate appearances.

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Smuin Ballet
Smuin Contemporary Ballet, formerly known as Smuin Ballet, is a touring ballet company based in San Francisco, California.  Smuin Ballet performs its season in multiple venues: the Dean Lesher Center in Walnut Creek, the Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts in Mountain View, the Sunset Center in Carmel, the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts and The Palace of Fine Arts Theater in San Francisco.

Dean Lesher
Dean Stanley Lesher (August 4, 1903 – May 13, 1993) was an American newspaper publisher, founder of the Contra Costa Times and the Contra Costa Newspapers chain. He was also a well-known philanthropist in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Line 22 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 22 of the Shenzhen Metro is an express line under construction, which will connect the districts of Futian, Longhua and Longgang for 38 kilometers and 23 stations. Construction began on 2 January 2024, and the line is expected to open in 2028. The first phase of Line 22 will run from Shangsha in Futian District to Liguang in Longhua District, with 21 stations and 34.2 kilometers of track. The line is proposed to use 6 car type A trains. It is proposed to extend into Dongguan in long term planning.

Longgang, Shenzhen
Longgang District (simplified Chinese: 龙岗区; traditional Chinese: 龍崗區; pinyin: Lónggǎng Qū; Jyutping: lung4gong1 keoi1) is one of the nine districts of Shenzhen, Guangdong. It is located in northeastern Shenzhen. With an area of 682.87 square kilometres (263.66 sq mi), Longgang District is one of the largest districts by area in Guangdong province. The population of the district is 3,979,037 (2020).
Uynarey
Uynarey is one of the Shetland islands in Yell Sound, just to the north of Bigga, and east of Brother Island. It is an RSPB reserve. The name comes from the Norse for "venerated island", and this may reflect a Culdee connection.

Culdees
The Culdees (Irish: Céilí Dé, lit. 'Spouses of God'; pronounced [ceːlʲiː dʲeː]) were members of ascetic Christian monastic and eremitical communities of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England in the Middle Ages. Appearing first in Ireland and then in Scotland, they were subsequently attached to cathedral or collegiate churches. Though they did not take monastic vows, they lived in monastic fashion.
Yuriko Kajiya
Yuriko Kajiya (加治屋百合子 Kajiya Yuriko, born 1984) is a Japanese ballet dancer who currently performs as a principal dancer with Houston Ballet. Prior to joining Houston Ballet, she danced as a soloist with American Ballet Theatre for seven years.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.