hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuelson baronets
The Samuelson Baronetcy, of Bodicote in Banbury in the County of Oxford, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 29 July 1884 for Bernhard Samuelson. He was a businessman, liberal member of parliament for Banbury and a pioneer of technical education. The baronetcy was conferred on him for his services to education. The second Baronet represented Cheltenham and Frome in the House of Commons as a Liberal.

Frome (UK Parliament constituency)
Frome was a constituency centred on the town of Frome in Somerset. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832, until it was abolished for the 1950 general election. Between 1832 and 1885, it was a parliamentary borough; after 1885 it was a county constituency, a division of Somerset.
Heathrow Airport transport proposals
Over the years, a number of transport proposals have been made to improve public access to Heathrow Airport, near London in the United Kingdom.

Currently, all rail connections with Heathrow airport run along an east–west alignment to and from central London. Most rail passengers heading for Heathrow must pass through London Zone 1 stations in order to reach Heathrow. The British government's Department for Transport has considered various proposed schemes for new links to improve access to the airport.

Guildford railway station
Guildford railway station is at one of three main railway junctions on the Portsmouth Direct Line and serves the town of Guildford, in Surrey, England. It is 30 miles 27 chains (30.34 mi; 48.8 km) down the line from London Waterloo via Woking.

It provides an interchange station for two other railway lines: the North Downs Line northwards towards Reading, which has a connection to Aldershot, and eastwards to Redhill; and the New Guildford Line, the alternative route to London Waterloo, via Cobham or Epsom.

Guildford station is the larger, more frequently and more diversely served of the two stations in Guildford town centre, the other being London Road (Guildford) on the New Guildford Line.
Takasago Volunteers
Takasago volunteers (高砂義勇隊, Takasago Giyūtai) were volunteer soldiers in the Imperial Japanese Army, recruited from Taiwanese indigenous peoples (also known as Taiwanese aborigines) during World War II. The Takasago volunteers are distinguished from the Taiwanese volunteers of ethnic Han or Chinese descent.

Military volunteer
A military volunteer (or war volunteer) is a person who enlists in military service by free will, and is not a conscript, mercenary, or a foreign legionnaire. Volunteers sometimes enlist to fight in the armed forces of a foreign country, for example during the Spanish Civil War. Military volunteers are essential for the operation of volunteer militaries. Many armies, including the U.S. Army, formerly distinguished between "Important Volunteers" enlisted during a war, and "regulars" who served on long-term basis.
Albany Park, Chicago
Albany Park (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Located on the Northwest Side of Chicago with the North Branch of the Chicago River forming its east and north boundaries, it includes the ethnically diverse Albany Park neighborhood, with one of the highest percentages of foreign-born residents of any Chicago neighborhood.

Although the majority of those foreign-born residents are from Latin America, mostly from Mexico (especially from the state of Michoacán), Guatemala, and Ecuador, substantial numbers are from the Philippines, India, Korea, Cambodia, Somalia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Romania, Pakistan and the Middle East (especially Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon). Over 40 different languages are spoken in its public schools.

Due to the diverse population and immigrant population attraction, the population of the neighborhood increased by 16.5% during the 1990s.

2025 Capital Jewish Museum shooting
On May 21, 2025, a shooting occurred near the Capital Jewish Museum in Washington, D.C. A gunman opened fire outside the museum during a "Young Diplomats Reception" hosted by the American Jewish Committee, killing two Embassy of Israel staff members who were leaving the event. The victims, a young couple: Yaron Lischinsky, a German-Israeli, and Sarah Milgrim, an American Jew, had attended the event aimed at fostering unity among Jewish young professionals and the diplomatic community.

The suspect, Elias Rodriguez, a 30-year-old man from Chicago, was apprehended by event security staff and reportedly pulled out a keffiyeh, said "I did it. I did it for Gaza" and chanted "Free, free Palestine!" while in custody. Authorities condemned the attack and the FBI and local police launched a joint investigation. The museum had recently raised security concerns amid a broader climate of rising antisemitism affecting Jewish institutions in the United States.
Rosevear
Rosevear (Cornish: Ros Veur "great promontory") is the largest (0.63 hectares (1.6 acres)) of the group of rocks known as the Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly. The islands are on the eastern side of the Atlantic Ocean on the south-west approaches to the island of Great Britain and are renowned for the numerous shipwrecks in the area and the nearby Bishop Rock lighthouse. All the uninhabited islands are owned by the Duchy of Cornwall and are managed by the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust, which looks after the archaeological and historical remains on the islands, as well as the flora and fauna. Landing is not allowed on the island.

Atriplex
Atriplex (/ˈætrɪplɛks/) is a plant genus of about 250 species, known by the common names of saltbush and orache (/ˈɒrɪtʃ, -ətʃ/; also spelled orach). It belongs to the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae s.l.. 
The genus is quite variable and widely distributed. It includes many desert and seashore plants and halophytes, as well as plants of moist environments. 
The generic name originated in Latin and was applied by Pliny the Elder to the edible oraches. The name saltbush derives from the fact that the plants retain salt in their leaves; they are able to grow in areas affected by soil salination.
Gasoline Gus (comic)
Gasoline Gus is a character that was popular in cartoon strips, a record single, and films. The comic strip was written by O.P. Williams and was syndicated by the Philadelphia North American between 1913 and 1914. The character Gasoline Gus was a taxi driver and car fanatic who constantly wrecked his early automobile. Billy Murray and the American Quartet recorded the song "Gasoline Gus and his Jitney Bus" in 1915. It was recorded on Edison Record phonograph cylinder. It was one of several songs about jitneys in the U.S. as they became popular in the lead up to World War I.

Two films were made based on Gasoline Gus. The first in 1915  with a cast that included Fay Tincher and Elmer Booth, and the second Gasoline Gus (1921 film). The 1921 film was based on a Saturday Evening Post story by George Pattullo (writer).

The petroleum scientist and Director of Universal Oil Products, Gustav Erloff, was nicknamed Gasoline Gus from 1915.

Elmer Booth
William Elmer Booth (December 9, 1882 – June 16, 1915) was an American stage and film actor. He was born in Los Angeles, California and was the elder brother of Margaret Booth, a renowned film editor for Hollywood productions for nearly 70 years.
Dierdorf (Verbandsgemeinde)
Dierdorf is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Dierdorf.

The Verbandsgemeinde Dierdorf consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Dierdorf

Großmaischeid

Isenburg

Kleinmaischeid

Marienhausen

Stebach

50°32′53″N 7°39′14″E﻿ / ﻿50.548°N 7.654°E﻿ / 50.548; 7.654

Großmaischeid
Großmaischeid is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

It has approximately 2350 inhabitants and is placed in the Naturpark Rhein-Westerwald. The municipality is spelled with the 'sharp s' character ß which may ever so often be replaced by a 'ss', as e.g. in standard in English spelling or in the website www.grossmaischeid.de).
2023 Western & Southern Open – Women's doubles
Alycia Parks and Taylor Townsend defeated Nicole Melichar-Martinez and Ellen Perez in the final, 6–7(1–7), 6–4, [10–6] to win the women's doubles title at the 2023 Cincinnati Masters.

Lyudmyla Kichenok and Jeļena Ostapenko were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Parks and Townsend.

Anastasia Potapova
Anastasia Sergeyevna Potapova (born 30 March 2001) is a Russian-born Austrian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of No. 21 by the WTA, achieved on 19 June 2023, and a doubles ranking of world No. 40, reached on 5 December 2022. Potapova has won three WTA Tour singles titles along with three doubles titles. She is a former junior world No. 1, and she was the 2016 Wimbledon girls' singles champion.
Crowd Sourcing International
Crowd Sourcing International (CSI), formerly known as Narc Technologies Inc., is a company based in Dallas, Texas, that operates a service known as Narc That Car from the website Narcthatcar.com. CSI members are paid small fees to enter license plate number and location information into the company's database, which is then provided to lien holders for auto repossession and law enforcement officials for stolen vehicles and Amber alerts.

CSI members can join after paying an up-front fee and a monthly website fee; members are paid for entering a monthly quota of license plate data, however they can earn additional money by increasing their amount of license plate data entered.  This is done by recruiting new members in a business practice similar to multi-level marketing. CSI has received severe criticism for utilizing multi-level marketing strategies.

Law enforcement agency
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources. The most common type of law enforcement agency is the police, but various other forms exist as well, including agencies that focus on specific legal violations or are organized and overseen by certain authorities. They typically have various powers and legal rights to allow them to perform their duties, such as the power of arrest and the use of force.
Pineal gland cyst
A pineal gland cyst is a usually benign (non-malignant) cyst in the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain. Historically, these fluid-filled bodies appeared on 1-4% of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans, but were more frequently diagnosed at death, seen in 4-11% of autopsies. A 2007 study by Pu et al. found a frequency of 23% in brain scans (with a mean diameter of 4.3 mm).

The National Organization for Rare Disorders states that pineal cysts larger than 5.0 mm are "rare findings" and are possibly symptomatic.  If narrowing of the cerebral aqueduct occurs, many neurological symptoms may exist, including headaches, vertigo, nausea, muscle fasciculations, eye sensitivity, and ataxia. Continued monitoring of the cyst might be recommended to monitor its growth, and surgery may be necessary.

National Organization for Rare Disorders
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) is a nonprofit organization based in Connecticut, aiming to provide support for individuals with rare diseases by advocating and funding research, education, and networking among service providers. It was founded in 1983 by Abbey Meyers, along with individuals and rare diseases leaders of rare disease support groups, and it is a 501(c)(3) tax exempt organization.
Canton of Massy
The canton of Massy is an administrative division of the Essonne department, Île-de-France region, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Massy.

It consists of the following communes:

Chilly-Mazarin

Massy

Chilly-Mazarin
Chilly-Mazarin (French: [ʃiji mazaʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 16.9 km (10.5 mi) from the center of Paris.

A small part of Orly International Airport lies on the territory of the commune of Chilly-Mazarin.

Inhabitants of Chilly-Mazarin are known as Chiroquois.
Sølvgade 20–22
Sølvgade 20–22 are two Neoclassical apartment buildings situated opposite Rosenborg Castle Garden in central Copenhagen, Denmark, constructed by master builder Thomas Blom between 1826 and 1831. They were individually listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1977. Notable former residents of Sølvgade 20 include the military officer J.H. Mansa (1797-1885), politician Niels Møller Spandet, naval officer Carl van Dockum, army officer Olaf Rye, archaeologist Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae, journalist Gustav Esmann, historian and politician Niels Neergaard and actress Karen Lykkehus. Notable former residents of Sølcgade 22 include the military officer Carl Julius Flensborg.

Rosenborg Castle Gardens
Rosenborg Castle Gardens (Danish: Kongens Have; literally The King's Garden) is the oldest and most visited park in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Established in the early 17th century as the private gardens of King Christian IV's Rosenborg Castle, the park also contains several other historical buildings, including Rosenborg Barracks, home to the Royal Guards, as well as a high number of statues and monuments. The park also holds art exhibitions and other events such as concerts in the summer.
BORO
BORO (Business Objects Reference Ontology) is an approach to developing ontological or semantic models for large complex operational applications that consists of a top ontology as well as a process for constructing the ontology. It was originally developed as a method for mining ontologies from multiple legacy systems – as the first stage in an architectural transformation  or software modernization. It has also been used to enable semantic interoperability between legacy systems. It is described in detail in (Partridge 1996, 2005).  It is the analysis method used in the development and maintenance of the U.S. Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) Meta Model (DM2), where a data modeling working group of over 350 members was able to systematically resolve a broad spectrum of knowledge representation issues.

Data modeling
Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques. It may be applied as part of broader Model-driven engineering (MDE) concept.
John Toone
John Toone (2 July 1872 – 1 September 1927) was an English cricketer. He played in one first-class match for Jamaica in 1895.

Jamaica played their first first-class match in late March 1895 against R. S. Lucas' English team, losing by an innings. A second match, 12-a-side like the first, was played a few days later, with Toone coming into the team as an opening bowler. He took 7 for 29 and 6 for 51, bowling unchanged through each innings, and Jamaica won by eight wickets.

R. S. Lucas' cricket team in the West Indies in 1894–95
A team of amateur cricketers under the captaincy of Robert Slade Lucas toured the West Indies in the 1894–95 season, playing matches between January and April 1895. They played a total of 16 matches of which eight are regarded as first-class. It was the first visit of an English cricket team to the West Indies.
Jeanne (given name)
Jeanne is a French personal name which is the feminine form of the male given name Jean (the French equivalent of John). It is equivalent to the English Joan, Jane, Jean and several historical figures in English named Joanna. The names derive from the Old French name Jehanne.

Joan (given name)
Joan (female name: /dʒoʊn/; male name: [(d)ʒuˈan]) is both a feminine form of the personal name John given to girls in the Anglosphere; and the native masculine form of John in the Catalan-Valencian and Occitan languages. In both cases, the name is derived from the Greek via the Latin Ioannes and Ioanna (or Johannes and Johanna), and is thus cognate with John and related to its many forms, including its derived feminine forms.

The name was disseminated widely into many languages and cultures from the Greek name Ἰωάννης (romanised, Iōannēs), along with its feminine form Koine Greek: Ἰωάννα, romanized: Iōanna (romanised, Iōanna).: 144  Its ultimate origin, as with John, is from the Hebrew Yohanan (יוֹחָנָן‎), "Graced by Yah", or Yehohanan (יְהוֹחָנָן‎), "Yahweh is Gracious".
Harmonic (mathematics)
In mathematics, a number of concepts employ the word harmonic. The similarity of this terminology to that of music is not accidental: the equations of motion of vibrating strings, drums and columns of air are given by formulas involving Laplacians; the solutions to which are given by eigenvalues corresponding to their modes of vibration. Thus, the term "harmonic" is applied when one is considering functions with sinusoidal variations, or solutions of Laplace's equation and related concepts.

Mathematical terms whose names include "harmonic" include:

Projective harmonic conjugate

Cross-ratio

Harmonic analysis

Harmonic conjugate

Harmonic form

Harmonic function

Harmonic mean

Harmonic mode

Harmonic number

Harmonic series
Alternating harmonic series

Harmonic tremor

Spherical harmonics

Projective harmonic conjugate
In projective geometry, the harmonic conjugate point of a point on the real projective line with respect to two other points is defined by the following construction:

Given three collinear points A, B, C, let L be a point not lying on their join and let any line through C meet LA, LB at M, N respectively. If AN and BM meet at K, and LK meets AB at D, then D is called the harmonic conjugate of C with respect to A and B.

The point D does not depend on what point L is taken initially, nor upon what line through C is used to find M and N. This fact follows from Desargues theorem.

In real projective geometry, harmonic conjugacy can also be defined in terms of the cross-ratio as (A, B; C, D) = −1.
1872 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1872 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 3, 1872. Incumbent Republican John W. Stewart, per the "Mountain Rule", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Julius Converse defeated Liberal Republican and Democratic nominee Abraham B. Gardner to succeed him.

Governor of Vermont
The governor of Vermont is the head of government of the U.S. state of Vermont. The officeholder is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years. Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years, instead of every four as in the other 48 U.S. states.

There is no limit on the number of terms a Vermont governor can serve. If no candidate receives at least 50% plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election, the governor of Vermont is then elected by the state legislature. The incumbent Vermont governor is Republican Phil Scott. He was sworn in on January 5, 2017, becoming Vermont's 82nd governor.

Despite having a Republican governor, Vermont has the most Democratic Cook Partisan Voting Index of any of the 50 U.S. states, at D+17.
Indofood Agri Resources
Indofood Agri Resources Ltd. (shortened as IndoAgri) is an investment holding company and a subsidiary of Indofood Singapore Holdings Pte. Ltd.. Through Anthoni Salim's First Pacific and Indofood, he owns 74% of the company's voting rights. The company is listed on Singapore Exchange (ticker: 5JS) and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (ticker: ZVF).

Frankfurt Stock Exchange
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (German: Börse Frankfurt, former German name: Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse, FWB) is the world's 3rd oldest and 12th largest stock exchange by market capitalization. It has operations from 8:00 am to 10:00 pm (German time).
Portuguese Chamber Orchestra
The Portuguese Chamber Orchestra (OCP) was founded on July 5, 2007, and its debut took place on September 13, 2007, with the opening concert of the 2007/2008 season at the Grand Auditorium of Belém Cultural Center, in Lisbon. The programme included the overture to Der Schauspieldirektor by Mozart, the Symphony No. 6 by Schubert, and the ballet suite Pulcinella by Stravinsky. The head office of OCP is in Oeiras, Portugal.

Symphony No. 6 (Schubert)
The Symphony No. 6 in C major, D 589, is a symphony by Franz Schubert composed between October 1817 and February 1818.  Its first public performance was in Vienna in 1828.  It is nicknamed the "Little C major" to distinguish it from his later Ninth Symphony, in the same key, which is known as the "Great C major".
Gondogoro Glacier
Gondogoro Glacier (Urdu: گوندوگرو گلیشیر) or Gondoghoro Glacier is a glacier near Concordia in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It serves as an alternative means to reach Concordia, the confluence of Baltoro Glacier and Godwin-Austen Glacier.

Situated at an elevation of 5,940 metres in the Baltistan Division, Gondogoro connects Concordia in Shigar District with Hushe in Ghanche District. The Gondogoro Pass is renowned for its panoramic views and holds significance in trekking and mountaineering, offering a striking display of Baltistan's diverse and rugged landscapes.

Gondogoro is typically crossed at night, as the pass is considered more susceptible to avalanches during daylight hours.

Concordia (Karakoram)
Concordia (Balti: ཅོནྕོརདིཨ།; Urdu: کونکورڈیا) is the confluence of the Baltoro Glacier and the Godwin-Austen Glacier in the Karakoram mountain range of Pakistan. It is located in the Baltistan region of Pakistan, at 4,691 metres (15,390 ft) above sea level. The area is often used as a base camp for mountaineering expeditions on K2 and other nearby peaks, and is also a popular destination for trekkers and backpackers.

The name was first applied by English mountaineer Aleister Crowley during the 1902 Eckenstein/Crowley attempt on K2, and comes from the location's similarity to another glacial confluence, also named Concordia, in the Bernese Oberland of the Central Alps.

Robert Lerco was the first person to report reaching Concordia, in 1890, followed by William Martin Conway in 1892.

35°44′N 76°31′E﻿ / ﻿35.733°N 76.517°E﻿ / 35.733; 76.517
Margrethe Bergane
Margrethe Bergane (born 24 June 2001) is a Norwegian cross-country skier representing Konnerud Idrettslag and Team Norconsult. She debuted in World Cup during season 2021–22

At the 2021 Junior World Ski Championships, she won the gold medal in the individual 15 km classical mass start, as well as bronze in both the 5 km freestyle and the relay.

During the 2022 Norwegian Ski Championships in Harstad, she competed for the Konnerud IL team that took bronze in the 3 x 5 km relay. She also claimed silver in the 30 km freestyle, finishing 3:50 behind the winner, Therese Johaug.

On 12 March 2023, she achieved what was then her career-best World Cup result, finishing sixth in the first-ever women's 50 km race held at Holmenkollen.

She won the U23 World Cup overall title for the 2023/24 season.

2021–22 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The 2021–22 FIS Cross-Country World Cup was the 41st official World Cup season in cross-country skiing for men and women.

The season began on 26 November 2021 in Ruka, Finland and was scheduled to conclude with the World Cup Finals on 18–20 March 2022 in Tyumen, Russia. But after the Russian invasion of Ukraine FIS announced that the World Cup Finals would be cancelled or moved. As a result, the final competition was the mixed team events on 13 March 2022 in Falun, Sweden. The season featured a break in February for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

On 1 March 2022, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIS decided to exclude athletes from Russia and Belarus from FIS competitions, with an immediate effect.