hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Table of syllables in Palladius system
This article is a complete listing of syllables used in the Palladius system for the cyrillization of Standard Chinese. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese.  Although some initial-final combinations have some syllables using each of the five different tones, most do not.  Some utilize only one tone. Finals are grouped into subsets а (a), и (i), у (u) and юй (ü).

Syllables with final о have multiple counterparts in different romanization systems

Standard Chinese phonology
The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived from the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. However, pronunciation varies widely among speakers, who may introduce elements of their local varieties. Television and radio announcers are chosen for their ability to affect a standard accent. The sound system has not only segments—i.e. vowels and consonants—but also tones, and each syllable has one. In addition to the four main tones, there is a neutral tone that appears on weak syllables.

This article uses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to compare the phonetic values corresponding to syllables romanized with pinyin.
William Henry McNeill
William Henry McNeill (7 July 1803 – 4 September 1875) was an American marine captain and explorer, best known for his 1830 expedition as the captain of the brig Llama (also spelled Lama), which sailed from Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 12,000 miles (19,000 km) around Cape Horn, to the Pacific Northwest on a maritime fur trade expedition.

Maritime fur trade
The maritime fur trade, a ship-based fur trade system, focused largely on acquiring furs of sea otters and other animals from the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast and Alaska Natives. Entrepreneurs also exploited fur-bearing skins from the wider Pacific (from, for example, the Juan Fernández fur seal) and from the Southern Ocean.

The trade mostly serviced the market in Qing China, which imported furs and exported tea, silks, porcelain, and other Chinese goods, which were then sold in Europe and in the United States.
Fessonia
Fessonia is a genus of mites belonging to the family Smaridiidae. These mites can be distinguished from other related genera by having 2 pairs of eyes and always lacking sclerotized plates on the body.

Mite
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods) of two large orders, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari. However, most recent genetic analyses do not recover the two as each other's closest relative within Arachnida, rendering the group invalid as a clade. Most mites are tiny, less than 1 mm (0.04 in) in length, and have a simple, unsegmented body plan. The small size of most species makes them easily overlooked; some species live in water, many live in soil as decomposers, others live on plants, sometimes creating galls, while others are predators or parasites. This last type includes the commercially destructive Varroa parasite of honey bees, as well as scabies mites of humans. Most species are harmless to humans, but a few are associated with allergies or may transmit diseases.

The scientific discipline devoted to the study of mites is called acarology.
Karumadikkuttan
Karumadikkuttan (Malayalam: കരുമാടിക്കുട്ടൻ), literally 'boy from Karumady', is a famous three-foot-tall black granite Buddha statue located in the village of Karumadi, in the Ambalappuzha taluk of Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. It is believed to date from the 9th to 14th century.

The statue was long forgotten—abandoned in a nearby stream called Karumady Thodu—until the 1930s, when Sir Robert Bristow, a colonial British engineer, discovered and preserved it. It is now protected by the Kerala state government. The left side of the statue is missing, and the causes remain uncertain.

The Dalai Lama visited the site in 1965.

Robert Bristow (engineer)
Sir Robert Bristow (13 December 1880 – 3 September 1966) was a British harbour engineer best known for his contributions to the development of the port of Kochi (Cochin) in Kerala, India and is regarded as the architect of modern Kochi port. Bristow recounted his experiences in his book Cochin Saga, which is considered an important source of historiography of Kerala. He is also noted for his initiatives in founding the Lotus Club, the first inter-racial club in Kochi. He was also a member of the Royal Society of Arts.
Google Code Search
Google Code Search was a free beta product from Google which debuted in Google Labs on October 5, 2006, allowing web users to search for open-source code on the Internet. Features included the ability to search using operators, namely lang:, package:, license:, and file:.

The code available for searching was in various formats including tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar, and .zip, CVS, Subversion, git and Mercurial repositories.

Google Code Search covered many open-source projects, and as such is different from the "Code Search for Google Open source projects" that was released afterwards.

Concurrent Versions System
Concurrent Versions System (CVS, or Concurrent Versioning System) is a version control system originally developed by Dick Grune in July 1986. It builds on top of an older version control system called Revision Control System (RCS), adding support for repository-level change tracking, and a client-server model. CVS servers normally run on Unix systems, while clients can be on any operating system.
2025 YellaWood 500
The 2025 YellaWood 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on October 19, 2025, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama. Contested over 193 laps, extended from 188 laps due to an overtime finish, on the 2.66 mi (4.28 km) asphalt superspeedway, it was the 34th race of the 2025 NASCAR Cup Series season, eighth race of the Playoffs, and second race of the Round of 8.

Chase Briscoe won the race. Todd Gilliland finished 2nd, Gilliland's best career finish, and Ty Gibbs finished 3rd. Bubba Wallace and Cole Custer rounded out the top five, and Carson Hocevar, Tyler Reddick, Christopher Bell, Zane Smith, and Brad Keselowski rounded out the top ten.

Ty Gibbs
Tyler Randall Gibbs (born October 4, 2002) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 54 Toyota Camry XSE for Joe Gibbs Racing. Gibbs was the 2022 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion and 2021 ARCA Menards Series champion. He is the grandson of former NFL Hall-of-Famer and NASCAR team owner Joe Gibbs. He is also the owner of JGR's No. 54 in the O'Reilly Auto Parts Series.
2024 MPBL All-Star Game
The 2024 MPBL All-Star Game was an exhibition game played on September 7, 2024, during the 2024 season of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). It was the fifth edition of the MPBL All-Star Game, which took place at the Mayor Vitaliano D. Agan Coliseum in Zamboanga City, the home arena of the Zamboanga Master Sardines.

The North Division won against the South Division for the second consecutive year with a score of 95–91. Will McAloney of the Nueva Ecija Rice Vanguards was declared the All-Star Game MVP.

MPBL All-Star Game Most Valuable Player award
The MPBL All-Star Game Most Valuable Player award is an annual Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League award given to the best performing player of the league's All-Star Game. It was first awarded after the 2019 All-Star Game, its inaugural edition.

As of 2024, four players have won the award with Jeff Viernes being the only two-time recipient. Two other recipients, Jaycee Marcelino and Justine Baltazar, have also won Most Valuable Player, with the latter also winning Finals Most Valuable Player. The most recent recipient is Will McAloney.
2013 Petit Le Mans
The 16th Annual Petit Le Mans presented by Mazda was the 2013 edition of the Petit Le Mans automotive endurance race, held on October 16–19, 2013, at the Road Atlanta circuit in Braselton, Georgia, United States.  The 1,000 miles (1,600 km) race was the final Round of the 2013 American Le Mans Series season, as well as the final event of the American Le Mans Series as a whole before the series is reborn as the United SportsCar Championship in 2014.  Rebellion Racing's Nick Heidfeld, Nicolas Prost, and Neel Jani won the team's second consecutive Petit Le Mans, a full six laps ahead of the P2 class winning Level 5 Motorsports Honda, who secured a championship for Scott Tucker with the victory.  The BAR1 Motorsports won the Prototype Challenge category, their third straight victory of the season.  Team Falken Tire Porsche held the GT class lead by less than a second at the finish, while Flying Lizard Motorsports won the GT Challenge category by a margin of six seconds.

Braselton, Georgia
Braselton (/ˈbræzəltən/ BRAZ-əl-tən) is a town in Jackson, Barrow, Gwinnett, and Hall counties in the U.S. state of Georgia, approximately 49 miles (79 km) northeast of Atlanta. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 13,403, and in 2024 the estimated population was 17,390, making it the town in Georgia with the largest population growth.

The Jackson County portion of Braselton is part of the Jefferson, GA, micropolitan statistical area, while the Gwinnett and Barrow County portions are part of Metro Atlanta, and the Hall County portion is part of the Gainesville, Georgia metropolitan area.
Van Brienenoord Bridge
The Van Brienenoord Bridge (Dutch: Van Brienenoordbrug) is a large twin tied-arch motorway bridge in the Netherlands. Located at the east side of Rotterdam, it crosses the New Meuse (Nieuwe Maas), a major distributary of the river Rhine. The bridge actually consists of two separate, parallel, and (visually) almost identical arch-bridges, as well as a set of three parallel bascule bridges on the north end.
The bridge carries 12 lanes of traffic of the A16 motorway, the busiest highway in the Netherlands. Additionally, on the outside of the east arch, a two-way segregated cycling bridge has been mounted.
Including lead-up ramps, the Van Brienenoord Bridge is 1320 meters long and vessels with up to 24 meters air draft can pass under the closed bridge. With a span of 300 meters, it is the longest span road bridge in the Netherlands.

Traffic exceeds 235,000 vehicles crossing the bridge daily, using four 3-lane carriageways, in an express versus local / distributor arrangement.

Bascule bridge
A bascule bridge (also referred to as a drawbridge or a lifting bridge) is a moveable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span, or leaf, throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat traffic. It may be single- or double-leafed.

The name comes from the French term for balance scale, which employs the same principle. Bascule bridges are the most common type of movable span because they open quickly and require relatively little energy to operate, while providing the possibility for unlimited vertical clearance for marine traffic.
Valeriya Novodvorskaya
Valeriya Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya (Russian: Вале́рия Ильи́нична Новодво́рская; 17 May 1950 – 12 July 2014) was a Russian and Soviet dissident, writer and liberal politician. She was the founder and the chairwoman of the Democratic Union party and a member of the editorial board of The New Times.

The New Times (magazine)
The New Times (Russian: «Новое Время», romanized: Novoe Vremya) is a Russian language magazine in Russia. The magazine was founded in 1943. The magazine is a liberal, independent Russian weekly news magazine, publishing for Russia and Armenia. (During the Soviet times it was a multi-language political magazine which followed the official party line.) Its chief editor is Russian investigative journalist, political scientist, writer and radio host Yevgenia Albats.

The magazine contains articles on politics, economics, social life and journalist investigations. Columnists provide the readers with their opinions regarding recent news and events.
Weil der Stadt
Weil der Stadt (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪl deːɐ̯ ˈʃtat]) is a town of about 19,000 inhabitants in the Stuttgart Region of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is about 30 km (19 mi) west of Stuttgart city centre, in the valley of the River Würm, and is often called the "Gate to the Black Forest".

Stuttgart Region
Stuttgart Region (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) is an urban agglomeration at the heart of the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region. It consists of the city of Stuttgart and the surrounding districts of Ludwigsburg, Esslingen, Böblingen, Rems-Murr and Göppingen (each 10–20 km from Stuttgart city center). About 2.7 million inhabitants live in  that area (3,700 km2). In fact, with 708 people per square kilometre, the Stuttgart Region (German: Region Stuttgart) is one of the most densely populated areas in Germany. Stuttgart Region is governed by a directly elected parliament.

Situated at the heart of Baden-Württemberg, the Stuttgart Region is the hub of economic, scientific, and political life in Southwest Germany. The area currently has Germany's highest density of scientific, academic and research organisations, and tops the national league for patent applications.
Tatra Confederation
The Tatra Confederation (Polish: Konfederacja Tatrzańska), or Confederation of the Tatra Mountains, was a Polish resistance organization operating in the southernmost Podhale region during the Nazi German occupation of Poland. The Tatra Confederation was founded in May 1941 in Nowy Targ – the historical capital of Podhale, by the poet and partisan, Augustyn Suski (nom-de-guerre Stefan Borusa); with Tadeusz Popek as his deputy. The organization had its ideological roots in the peasant movement of the Goral Lands of interwar Poland.

Podhale
Podhale (Polish pronunciation: [pɔtˈxalɛ] ⓘ; lit. 'below the mountain pastures'), sometimes referred to as the Polish Highlands, is Poland's southernmost region. The Podhale is located in the foothills of the Tatra range of the Carpathian Mountains. It is the most famous region of the Goral Lands which are a network of historical regions inhabited by Gorals.
Jasmine Days
Jasmine Days is a 2014 Malayalam novel by Benyamin and translated into English by Shahnaz Habib. It tells the story of Sameera Parvin, a young Pakistani woman who works as a radio jockey in an unnamed Middle Eastern country which is on the verge of revolution. First published in 2014 as Mullappoo Niramulla Pakalukal, the novel won the inaugural JCB Prize. It was published by Juggernaut Books.

Shahnaz Habib
Shahnaz Habib is an Indian essayist, fiction writer, travel writer, and translator based in the United States of America. She teaches writing at Bay Path University and The New School, and works as a consultant for the United Nations. In 2018, she received the JCB Prize for Literature.
The Broadway Sport
The Broadway Sport is a 1917 American silent comedy film directed by Carl Harbaugh and starring Stuart Holmes, Wanda Hawley, Dan Mason, Mabel Rutter, and William B. Green. The film was released by Fox Film Corporation on June 10, 1917.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
2008 Allianz Suisse Open Gstaad – Doubles
František Čermák and Pavel Vízner were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Stéphane Bohli and Stanislas Wawrinka.

Jaroslav Levinský and Filip Polášek won in the final 3–6, 6–2, [11–9], against Stéphane Bohli and Stanislas Wawrinka.

Jaroslav Levinský
Jaroslav Levinský (born 11 February 1981) is a former Czech professional doubles tennis player and coach.

Levinsky reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 239, achieved on 23 September 2002. He also reached a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 24, achieved on 16 July 2007.

Levinsky reached 6 singles finals throughout his career, with a record of 1 win and 5 losses. Additionally he reached 57 doubles finals in his career, with a record of 35 wins and 22 losses which includes a 5–10 record at the ATP Tour level and a 23–9 record in doubles finals at the ATP Challenger Tour level.
China Northern Airlines
China Northern Airlines (simplified Chinese: 中国北方航空; traditional Chinese: 中國北方航空; pinyin: Zhōngguó Běifāng Hángkōng) was an airline headquartered on the grounds of Shenyang Taoxian International Airport, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. Established on June 16, 1990, it was one of the six backbone airlines directly under the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

Besides Shenyang, it also had four other hubs at Changchun Dafangshen Airport, Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport, Harbin Taiping International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.

It was one of six major airline corporations that were formed as a result of the breakup of CAAC. It initially operated a fleet of Airbus A300-600R, MD-80, MD-90-30 and, later, Airbus A321-200 aircraft. It operated predominantly domestic destinations and also to North Korea, South Korea and Japan.

Changchun Dafangshen Airport
Changchun Dafangshen Airport (or Dafangshen Air Base) is a People's Liberation Army Air Force Base in Changchun, the capital of Northeast China's Jilin province. Originally constructed in 1941 by the Empire of Japan for the capital of its puppet state Manchukuo, Dafangshen Airport saw fierce fighting and was severely damaged during the siege of Changchun in the Chinese Civil War. It served as the city's civilian airport from October 1960 until 27 August 2005, when all commercial flights were transferred to the newly built Changchun Longjia International Airport.
Blowback (FlashForward)
"Blowback" is the thirteenth episode of the American television series FlashForward. The episode's teleplay was written by Lisa Zwerling and  Barbara Nance and was directed by Constantine Makris, and was originally aired in the United States on ABC on March 25, 2010.

Lisa Zwerling
Lisa Zwerling is an American physician (member of the American Medical Association), television writer and producer (member of the Writers Guild of America & the Producers Guild of America). She has worked on the medical drama series Presidio Med and ER and science fiction series FlashForward.
MV Asian Glory
MV Asian Glory is a United Kingdom-flagged vehicle carrier owned by Zodiac Maritime Ltd of London. Built in 1994 by Hyundai Heavy Industries in Ulsan, South Korea, the vessel has a gross tonnage of 44,818 and a deadweight tonnage of 13,363. The ship is operated by EUKOR Car Carriers on a time charter basis, primarily transporting Hyundai and Kia vehicles.

Gross tonnage
Gross tonnage (GT, G.T. or gt) is a nonlinear measure of a ship's overall internal volume.  Gross tonnage is different from gross register tonnage.  Neither gross tonnage nor gross register tonnage should be confused with measures of mass or weight such as deadweight tonnage or displacement.

Gross tonnage, along with net tonnage, was defined by the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1969, and came into force on 18 July 1982.  These two measurements replaced gross register tonnage (GRT) and net register tonnage (NRT).  Gross tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port dues, whereas the older gross register tonnage is a measure of the volume of only certain enclosed spaces.
Rio Locsin
Rio Locsin (born Maria Theresa Rosario Garcia Nayve-Israel; October 3, 1961) is a Filipino actress. Known primarily for her roles in films with underlying social themes, she began her career playing daring characters and eventually ventured dramatic roles in the succeeding years, noted for her portrayals in Lino Brocka's Ina, Kapatid, Anak (1979) and Init (1979), Elwood Perez's Disgrasyada (1979), Ishmael Bernal's Manila By Night (1980) & Working Girls (1984) and Laurice Guillen's Kapag Puso’y Sinugatan (1985). In 2009, she was named Best Supporting Actress at the Cinema One Originals Digital Film Festival and was inducted at the Eastwood City Walk of Fame in 2012, in addition to numerous nominations from FAMAS Awards, Gawad Urian, Luna and Golden Screen TV Awards.

Golden Screen TV Awards
Golden Screen TV Awards is a yearly awards night that recognizes the outstanding programs and personalities from different TV networks in the Philippines including ABS-CBN, TV5, GMA Network, among others.

It was created in 2004 by the Entertainment Press Society (ENPRESS), a group of entertainment writers from newspapers. Before the awards night (usually held in March), the ENPRESS members are taking reviews and deliberations of the nominees for three months.
Nice 'n' Sleazy
"Nice 'n' Sleazy" is a single by The Stranglers from the 'white' side of their 1978 album, Black and White. It reached number 18 in the UK Singles Chart. The single's cover pictured a victim of the Boston Strangler.

Strippers embellished the song during the band's headline set at Battersea Park on 16 September 1978. "The Stranglers booked some strippers to up the show's visual aspect," recalled photographer Barry Plummer. "But some of the lads in the audience got a bit carried away and also stripped completely naked. Eventually the police were called and took down all of the young ladies' particulars."

Boston Strangler
The Boston Strangler is the murderer of 13 women in Greater Boston during the early 1960s. The crimes were attributed to Albert DeSalvo (1931–1973) based on his confession, on details revealed in court during a separate case, and DNA evidence linking him to the final victim.

In the years following DeSalvo's conviction – but prior to the emergence of this DNA evidence – various parties investigating the crimes suggested that the murders (sometimes referred to as the "Silk Stocking Murders") were committed by more than one person.
Ivorian Popular Movement of the Great West
The Ivorian Popular Movement of the Great West (Mouvement populaire ivoirien du Grand Ouest; MPIGO).
One of two rebel movements in the west of Côte d'Ivoire, created to reinforce the rebel presence after the Marcoussis accords. Founded by sergent Félix Doh (killed April 2003 in an ambush), MPIGO recruited mostly in the ethnically libéro-ivoirienne Dan/Yacouba speaking region. MPIGO had some 6000 men under arms when it signed a ceasefire on 8 January 2003. Since 2004 MPIGO has been a political party, functioning as a junior partner to the Patriotic Movement of Côte d'Ivoire (MPCI) in the Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire coalition led by Guillaume Soro.

Dan language
Dan /ˈdæn/ is a Southern Mande language spoken primarily in Ivory Coast (~800,000 speakers) and Liberia (150,000–200,000 speakers). There is also a population of about 800 speakers in Guinea.  Dan is a tonal language, with 9 to 11 contour and register tones, depending on the dialect.

Alternative names for the language include Yacouba or Yakubasa, Gio, Gyo, Gio-Dan, and Da. Dialects are Gio (Liberian Dan), Gweetaawu (Eastern Dan), Blowo (Western Dan), and Kla. Kla is evidently a distinct language.