hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Clayton (philosopher)
Philip Clayton (born 1956) is an American philosopher of religion and philosopher of science. His work focuses on the intersection of science, ethics, and society. He currently holds the Ingraham Chair at Claremont School of Theology and serves as an affiliated faculty member at Claremont Graduate University. Clayton specializes in the philosophy of science, philosophy of biology, and philosophy of religion, as well as in comparative theology.

Claremont Graduate University
The Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private postgraduate research university in Claremont, California, United States. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium which includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions of higher education.

The university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."
XnView
XnView is an image organizer and general-purpose file manager used for viewing, converting, organizing and editing raster images, as well as general purpose file management. It comes with built-in hex inspection, batch renaming, image scanning and  screen capture tools. It is licensed as freeware for private, educational and non-profit uses. For other uses, it is licensed as commercial software.

Although originally deployed only on Unix-like systems, it is now also available for Windows, Windows Mobile and Pocket PC. The extended version of XnView, called XnView MP, is available for Windows, macOS and Linux.

XnView has received five cows from Tucows. In 2006 Sveriges Television (SVT) recommended XnView in their High Definition Multi Format Test Set. Research papers about DICOM and digital watermarking used XnView for image processing.

Image organizer
An image organizer or image management application is application software for organising digital images. It is a kind of desktop organizer software application.

Image organizer software focuses on handling large numbers of images. In contrast to an image viewer, an image organizer can edit image tags and can often upload files to on-line hosting pages. Enterprises may use Digital Asset Management (DAM) solutions to manage larger and broader amounts of digital media.

Some programs that come with desktop environments, such as gThumb (GNOME) and digiKam (KDE) were originally simple image viewers, and have evolved into image organizers.
The Shepherdess
The Shepherdess (French: Pastourelle), also known as The Little Shepherdess, is a painting by William-Adolphe Bouguereau completed in 1889. The title is taken from the Southern French dialect. The painting depicts an idyllic, pastoral scene of a lone young woman in peasant attire posed for the artist, balancing a stick (likely her crook) across her shoulders, standing barefooted in the foreground. In the background are oxen grazing in a field.

It is one of many paintings by Bouguereau depicting shepherdesses, including one of the same name created in 1881. The subject is a model employed by Bouguereau for this and other paintings, including The Bohemian.

The Shepherdess is currently in the permanent collection at the Philbrook Museum of Art in Tulsa, where it has become an emblematic image for the museum.  It was the central image of a travelling exhibition about Bouguereau and his students that Philbrook created in 2006.

Model (art)
An art model is a person who poses, often nude, for visual artists as part of the creative process, providing a reference for the human body in a work of art. The importance of the human figure in Western art begins with the Ancient Greeks, which was rediscovered in the Renaissance, art modelling then becoming an occupation. With few exceptions, models remained anonymous until the 19th century.

Modern nude models have most often been employees of art schools, and paid by the hour to pose. As an occupation, modeling requires the often strenuous 'physical work' of holding poses for the required length of time, the 'aesthetic work' of performing a variety of interesting poses, and the 'emotional work' of maintaining a socially ambiguous role. While the role of nude models is well-established as a necessary part of artistic practice, public nudity remains transgressive, and models may be vulnerable to stigmatization or exploitation.: 1
HMS Eglinton (L87)
HMS Eglinton (L87) was a Type I Hunt-class destroyer of the Royal Navy built by Vickers-Armstrongs on the River Tyne, and launched on 28 December 1939. She was adopted by the town of Alton, Hampshire, as part of the Warship Week campaign in 1942.

Warship Week
Warship Weeks were British National savings campaigns during the Second World War, with the aim of a Royal Navy warship being adopted by a civil community. During the early parts of the war, the Royal Navy not only had lost many capital ships but was facing increasing pressure to provide escorts for convoys in the Atlantic. While there was not a shortage of sailors, ships sunk by enemy action had to be replaced.

The equivalent for the British Army was Salute the Soldier Week and the equivalent for the Royal Air Force was Wings for Victory Week.
Toronto Western Hospital
The Toronto Western Hospital (TWH) is a major research and teaching hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is part of the University Health Network (UHN). It has 256 beds, with 46,000 visits to its emergency department annually. It is known for neurosurgery and was one of the first centres in Canada to use the gamma knife. It is also home to the Donald K. Johnson Eye Centre and the Krembil Discovery Tower where the Krembil Research Institute is based.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Lew Pope
Lewis Lawrence Pope (February 18, 1908 – February 5, 1964) was an American football player.

He was born in 1908 in Hobart, Oklahoma.

He played college football as a halfback for Purdue University in 1929 and 1930 and professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a halfback for the Providence Steam Roller in 1931 and for the Cincinnati Reds in 1933 and 1934. He appeared in 26 NFL games, 18 as a starter, tallying 342 rushing yards, 230 passing yards, 37 receiving yards. He ran 48 yards for a game-winning touchdown against the Chicago Cardinals on November 12, 1933.

After retiring from football he lived for a time in Los Angeles and later in Frederick, Oklahoma.

Providence Steam Roller
The Providence Steam Roller was a professional American football team based in Providence, Rhode Island in the National Football League (NFL) from 1925 to 1931. Providence was the first New England team to win an NFL championship. The Steam Roller won the league's championship in 1928, which is the latest NFL championship win by a defunct team to date. Most of their home games were played at the Cycledrome, a 10,000-seat stadium that was built as a velodrome for bicycle races.
NärCon
Närcon (formally written as NärCon; lit. 'NearCon') is a combined gaming and anime convention which is arranged twice per year in Linköping, Sweden by NärCon Eventbyrå AB. It is the largest event of its kind in Scandinavia. The main event (NärCon Sommar, summer) usually starts at the end of July and offers activities such as concerts, board games, card games and roleplaying activities. Additionally, there are rooms dedicated for computer and console gaming. Competitive e-sports and cosplay tournaments are also arranged.

Anime and manga fandom
The anime and manga fandom is a worldwide community of fans of anime and manga. Anime includes animated series, films and videos, while manga includes manga, graphic novels, drawings, and related artworks. The anime and manga fandom traces back to the 1970s and has an international reach.
1994 World's Strongest Man
The 1994 World's Strongest Man was the 17th edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Magnus Ver Magnusson from Iceland. It was his second title after finishing second the previous 2 years in a row. Manfred Hoeberl from Austria finished second after finishing fourth the previous year, and Riku Kiri from Finland finished third for the second consecutive time. The contest was held in Sun City, South Africa. This was the first year that the qualifying heats were implemented, and surprisingly, the 1993 champion Gary Taylor failed to qualify for the finals.

Magnús Ver Magnússon
Magnús Ver Magnússon (born 23 April 1963) is an Icelandic former strongman and powerlifter. He is a four times World's Strongest Man, having won in 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, a two times Europe's Strongest Man, a World Muscle Power Classic winner and an EPF European powerlifting champion.

In his career, he won 12 international strongman competitions and another 20 national competitions (including the Iceland's Strongest Man eight times) and is regarded as one of the greatest strongmen of all-time.
Dubois Creek
Dubois Creek is a stream in  Franklin County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary to the Missouri River.

The headwaters arise at 38°28′51″N 91°02′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.48083°N 91.04167°W﻿ / 38.48083; -91.04167 and the confluence with the Missouri is at 38°32′23″N 90°57′21″W﻿ / ﻿38.53972°N 90.95583°W﻿ / 38.53972; -90.95583. The stream source area is along the east side of Missouri Route A between Union and Krakow. The stream flows northeast passing under Route 47 and then north passing under Route 100 to enter the Missouri floodplain just east of Washington.

Dubois Creek most likely was named after Louis Dubois, an early French frontiersman.

Washington, Missouri
Washington is a city on the south banks of the Missouri River, 50 miles west of St. Louis, Missouri. It is considered to be part of the Greater St. Louis area. As of the 2020 census, Washington had a population of 14,500. It is the largest city in Franklin County, Missouri. It is notable for being the "corncob pipe capital of the world," with the Missouri Meerschaum located on the city's riverfront.
Ardis, Ottoman Empire
Ardis was a small town in the Ottoman Empire 35 miles north-west of Diyarbakir. It laid along the Tigris River which was a good way to travel and trade. Dilay Hatun became the head of the town in 1793 after the previous leader died sometime during the Tripolitanian civil war. The town no longer exists due to urbanization in the 1800s.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
Ireland at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Ireland competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England. It was the first time that the country had competed in the Summer Olympics since 1932. A dispute between rival Irish Athletics governing bodies saw many Irish athletes barred from taking part in the Athletics competitions. 72 competitors, 68 men and 4 women, took part in 32 events in 9 sports.

Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, 33 athletics events were contested, 24 for men and 9 for women. Three events made their Olympic debut at these Games: women's 200 metres, women's long jump and women's shot put. There were a total number of 745 participating athletes from 53 countries.
Glebionis coronaria
Glebionis coronaria, formerly called Chrysanthemum coronarium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is cultivated and naturalized in East Asia and in scattered locations in North America.

Glebionis coronaria is used as a leaf vegetable. English language common names include garland chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum greens, edible chrysanthemum, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, chop suey greens, crown daisy, and Japanese greens.

Glebionis coronaria has been hybridized with related Argyranthemum species to create cultivars of garden marguerites.

Garden marguerite
Garden marguerites, also known as marguerite daisies, are cultivars of plants in the subtribe Glebionidinae of the family Asteraceae, the great majority being hybrids created in cultivation. One of the genera belonging to the subtribe, Argyranthemum, was introduced into cultivation from the Canary Islands in the 18th century, and modern cultivars are mostly sold and grown under the genus name Argyranthemum or the species name Argyranthemum frutescens, although many are actually intergeneric hybrids. The first such hybrids involved species now placed in the genus Glebionis, but other crosses within the subtribe are known. Breeding has aimed at introducing flower heads in varied colours and shapes while retaining the shrubby habit of Argyranthemum. Garden marguerites are used as summer bedding or grown in containers. Most are only half-hardy. They can be trained into shapes such as pyramids or grown as standards.
Es'hail 2
Es'hail 2 (a.k.a. Qatar-OSCAR 100 or QO-100) is a Qatari satellite, launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on November 15, 2018. Es'hail 2 was built by Japan's Mitsubishi Electric company, and operates at 26° East longitude along a geostationary orbit to provide direct-to-home television services in the Middle East and North Africa region. 
The satellite features 24 Ku-band and 11 Ka-band transponders to provide direct broadcasting services for television, government and commercial content distribution. In addition to commercial services, the payload of Es'hail 2 includes a linear transponder with a bandwidth of 500 kHz and 8 MHz for the amateur radio satellite service, with uplink on 2.4 GHz (13-cm band) and downlink on 10.45 GHz (3-cm band).

Transponder
In telecommunications, a transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of transmitter and responder.

In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a flight transponder is an automated transceiver in an aircraft that emits a coded identifying signal in response to an interrogating received signal.

In a communications satellite, a satellite transponder receives signals over a range of uplink frequencies, usually from a satellite ground station; the transponder amplifies them, and re-transmits them on a different set of downlink frequencies to receivers on Earth, often without changing the content of the received signal or signals.
Bolshevistskaya Street, Novosibirsk
Bolshevistskaya Street (Russian: Большевистская улица) is a street in Oktyabrsky City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It starts from the road junction called Engineer Budagov Square, runs southeast along the right bank of the Ob River and ends near the bridge over the Inya River. The length of the street is more than 7 km.

Bolshevistskaya Street is one of the most important traffic arteries of the city, besides it is part of the Federal Highway R256.

Inya (river)
The Inya (Russian: Иня́, pronounced [ɪˈnʲæ]) is a river in Kemerovo and Novosibirsk Oblasts of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Ob. It is 663 kilometres (412 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 17,600 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi).

By the Inya lie the towns of Leninsk-Kuznetsky and Toguchin. The river flows through a rather densely populated area, and is crossed by several railway lines.
The Casablanca Years: 1974–1980
The Casablanca Years: 1974–1980 is a CD box set by the Funk band Parliament. The box set was released by Universal Music-Japan on August 22, 2007. This box compiles all nine Parliament albums released by Casablanca Records between 1974 and 1980. The box set includes the following albums:

Up for the Down Stroke (1974)

Chocolate City (1975)

Mothership Connection (1975)

The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein (1976)

Live: P-Funk Earth Tour (1977)

Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome (1977)

Motor Booty Affair (1978)

Gloryhallastoopid (1979)

Trombipulation (1980)

The set includes an 84-page booklet with liner notes written in Japanese, as well as lyrics to all of the songs included in the set. In addition, all of the individual CDs actually appear in mini-LP format and contain all of the extras (posters, cut outs) that were included in the original vinyl releases, shrunken down to fit into the CD jacket. It was a limited edition release and has never been distributed outside Japan.

Gloryhallastoopid
Gloryhallastoopid (Or Pin the Tale on the Funky) is the eighth album by the American funk band Parliament, released in 1979. It was their penultimate album on the Casablanca Records label, and is another concept album that tries to explain that Funk was responsible for the creation of the universe (see P Funk mythology). It reuses samples from previous albums, notably Mothership Connection and Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome.
The Lairage Land
The Lairage Land is a 4.4 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Watford in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by Watford Borough Council.

The site is mainly rough grassland, with some woodland and scrub. The River Colne runs along its southern boundary, with stream water crowfoot and yellow water lily growing in the stream. There are birds such as whitethroats and green woodpeckers, gatekeeper and small tortoiseshell butterflies, and Roesel's bush-crickets.

There is access from Jellicoe Road.

Lycaena gorgon
Lycaena gorgon, known generally as the gorgon copper or stream water-crowfoot, is a species of copper in the butterfly family Lycaenidae. It is found in North America, mainly in California.

The MONA or Hodges number for Lycaena gorgon is 4255.
The Krays (film)
The Krays is a 1990 British biographical crime drama film directed by Peter Medak. The film is based on the lives and crimes of the British gangster twins Ronald and Reginald Kray, often referred to as the Krays. The film stars Billie Whitelaw, Tom Bell, and real-life brothers (although not twins) Gary and Martin Kemp, both of whom were members of the band Spandau Ballet.

Fantasporto
Fantasporto International Film Festival (Portuguese: Festival Internacional de Cinema do Porto) is an international genre film festival, annually organized since 1981 in Porto, Portugal.

Screening and awarding fantasy, sci-fi and horror oriented commercial productions, auteur and experimental films from all over the world, Fantasporto has gained a cult following of enthusiastic audiences, ranging from cinephiles to more popular spectators. It has built the reputation of a discovery festival, premiering films which went on to achieve a cult status themselves.

Fantasporto has been cited as one of the world's most prestigious genre film festivals, being often featured in Variety and named one of Dread Central's "Best Horror Festivals in the World" in both 2022 and 2021, as well as one of the "25 Coolest Film Festivals in the World" by MovieMaker in 2023.
3BHK (soundtrack)
3BHK is the soundtrack album to the 2025 film of the same name directed by Sri Ganesh and produced by Arun Viswa of Shanthi Talkies, starring Siddharth, R. Sarathkumar, Devayani, Meetha Raghunath, Chaithra J Achar and Yogi Babu. The film's soundtrack and background score are composed by Amrit Ramnath in his sophomore outing after Varshangalkku Shesham (2024). The album featured nine songs with lyrics written by Karthik Netha, Vivek, Paal Dabba and Ganesh himself. Preceded by two singles—"Kanavellam" and "Idi Mazhai"—the soundtrack was released on 26 June 2025, under the Think Music label.

Yogi Babu
Yogi Babu (born 22 July 1985) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Tamil films. Yogi started his acting career from 2009 and did many minor roles and got his breakthrough after Kalakalappu and Maan Karate, as of now he is credited as one of the highest paid comedians in Tamil Cinema. He is an recipient of two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and five SIIMA Awards.
2018 LKL Finals
The 2018 LKL Finals was the championship series of the 2017–18 season, of the LKL. The finals series were scheduled from 9 June until 18 June 2018. Due to home court advantage,  Žalgiris played Game 1, 3 and 5 at home. Žalgiris defeated Lietuvos rytas 4–1,  earning the franchise its 20th LKL championship. Brandon Davies was named the Finals  MVP.

Brandon Davies
Brandon Davies (born July 25, 1991) is an American-born naturalized Ugandan professional basketball player for Alvark Tokyo of the Japanese B.League. He also represents the senior Ugandan national team. He was an all-conference college player at Brigham Young University. Davies is a two time All-EuroLeague selection.
J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography
J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography is a work by Douglas A. Anderson and Wayne G. Hammond that is a complete bibliography of the publications of J. R. R. Tolkien. It has a foreword by Rayner Unwin.

Rayner Unwin
Rayner Stephens Unwin CBE (23 December 1925 – 23 November 2000) was an English publisher. He served as the chairman of the publishing firm George Allen & Unwin, which had been founded by his father Sir Stanley Unwin.
Kachowhallan
Kachowhallan is a village in Kulgam district, in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The village has approximately 100 houses with a population of about 1000. A road from the village of Okey to Kachowhallan was built by Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana. There is a public middle school in the village. The primary source of income is from Apple Business. There is also a grave of the saint Sayed Kawsar near the local graveyard.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) (transl. Prime Minister's Village Road Scheme) is a nationwide plan in India to provide good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages. Of 178,000 (1.7 lakh) habitations with a population of above 500 in the plains and above 250 in the hilly areas planned to be connected by all-weather roads, 82% were already connected by December 2017 and work was on track for completion by March 2019 (c. December 2017) on the remaining 47,000 habitations .

This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was introduced in 2000 by the then-prime minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The Assam Tribune has reported that the scheme has started to change the lifestyle of many villagers as it has resulted in new roads and upgrade of certain inter-village routes in Manipur.