hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tornadoes of 1950
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1950, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally.

This was the first year where tornadoes were documented by the U.S. Weather Bureau, which would later become the National Weather Service. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes. As a result, this would be the least active tornado season ever recorded. In subsequent years, the documentation of tornadoes became much more widespread and efficient, with the average annual tornado count being around 1,253.

The total count of tornadoes and ratings differs from various agencies accordingly. The article, therefore, documents information from the most contemporary official sources alongside assessments from tornado historian Thomas P. Grazulis.

Lima, Ohio
Lima (/ˈlaɪmə/ LY-mə) is a city in Allen County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It had a population of 35,579 at the 2020 census. The city is located in northwest Ohio along Interstate 75, approximately 72 miles (116 km) north of Dayton, 78 miles (126 km) southwest of Toledo, and 63 mi (101 km) southeast of Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Lima was founded in 1831. It is the principal city of the Lima metropolitan area, which had 102,000 residents in 2020 and is included in the Lima–Van Wert–Wapakoneta combined statistical area. The Lima Army Tank Plant, officially called the Joint Systems Manufacturing Center, was built in 1941 and is the sole producer of the M1 Abrams tank.
Piero Necchi
Piero Necchi (born 26 December 1951) is an Italian racing driver, three-time Italian Karting Championship winner (1969, 1971, 1973) and three-time European Karting Championship winner (1973, 1974, 1975). He is considered one of the most successful Italian karting drivers of the 1970s and later competed in Formula 2 and Formula 3.

Formula Two
Formula Two (F2) is a type of open-wheel formula racing category first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 2009 to 2012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship. The name returned again in 2017 when the former GP2 Series became known as the FIA Formula 2 Championship.
Pavel Přindiš
Pavel Přindiš (born August 17, 1961 in Olomouc) is a Czechoslovak-Czech slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. He won two bronze medals in the K1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships (1991 for Czechoslovakia, 1993 for the Czech Republic).

Přindiš also finished 24th in the K1 event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

His son Vít is also a medalist from World Championships.

Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom K-1
These are the results of the men's K-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The K-1 (kayak single) event is raced by one-man kayaks through a whitewater course. The venue for the 1992 Olympic competition was at La Seu d'Urgell.
Fântânele, Prahova
Fântânele is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Bozieni and Fântânele. It also included Ghinoaica, Ungureni and Vadu Săpat villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Vadu Săpat commune.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Portland High School
Several schools in the U.S. are named Portland High School including:

Gregory-Portland High School — Portland, Texas

Portland Adventist Academy — Portland, Oregon

Portland High School — Portland, Connecticut

Portland Arts and Technology High School — Portland, Maine

Portland Christian School — Louisville, Kentucky

Portland High School, which became Lincoln High School (Portland, Oregon) in 1909

Portland Christian Schools — Portland, Oregon

Portland High School — Portland, Indiana

Portland High School (Maine) — Portland, Maine

Portland High School (Michigan) — Portland, Michigan

Portland High School (Tennessee) — Portland, Tennessee

South Portland High School — South Portland, Maine

Portland Adventist Academy
Portland Adventist Academy (PAA) is a private high school located in Portland, Oregon, United States operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. 
It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. The school was founded in 1910, and was previously known as Portland Union Academy, serving grades K-12. The name changed when the elementary section became its own school, Portland Adventist Elementary School in 1975. During the process, the high school section was renamed Portland Adventist Academy.

The main building on campus was built in 1963.
2017 Sarasota Open – Doubles
Facundo Argüello and Nicolás Kicker were the defending champions but only Argüello chose to defend his title, partnering Gonzalo Escobar. Argüello withdrew in the qualifying competition.

Scott Lipsky and Jürgen Melzer won the title after defeating Stefan Kozlov and Peter Polansky 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Stefan Kozlov
Stefan Kozlov (Russian: Стефан Козлов, /ˈstɛfɑːn ˈkɒzlɒv/ STEF-ahn KOZ-lov; born February 1, 1998) is an American professional tennis player of Russian descent. He has a career-high ATP ranking of world No. 103 achieved on 18 July 2022 and doubles ranking of world No. 180 on 19 June 2017.

Kozlov made his ATP World Tour debut as a wildcard in 2013 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships at the age of 15. He reached two junior Grand Slam finals in 2014 and finished the year at World No. 3 in the ITF Junior Combined rankings.
Fragrant Hills Pagoda
The Fragrant Hills Pagoda (Chinese: 香山琉璃塔; pinyin: Xiāngshān Liúlí Tǎ) of the Fragrant Hills in Beijing, China was built in 1780 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) as part of the Grand Zongjing Monastery. Although the monastery located just north of the pagoda was burned down by the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900, the Fragrant Hills Pagoda was unharmed by the nearby fires. The pagoda is octagonal-shaped, 40 m (130 ft) tall with seven stories, and has a stone square-platform at the base to support the structure. The pagoda is adorned with glazed tiles of yellow, green, purple, and blue hues. Surrounding the pagoda at the base is a wooden Chinese pavilion with supporting columns, this structure crowned with a white marble railing and terrace.

Chinese pavilion
A Chinese pavilion (Chinese 亭, pinyin tíng) is a garden pavilion in traditional Chinese architecture. While often found within temples, pavilions are not exclusively religious structures. Many Chinese parks and gardens feature pavilions to provide shade and a place to rest.
Chokkan 2 (Nogashita Sakana wa Ōkiizo!)
"Chokkan 2 (Nogashita Sakana wa Ōkiizo!)" (直感２～逃した魚は大きいぞ！～, "Intuition 2 (The Fish We Let Slip Was Huge!)") is the twenty-eighth single of J-pop group Morning Musume and was released November 9, 2005. It peaked at #4 on the weekly Oricon chart, charting for seven weeks. The limited edition of this single came with five photo cards featuring two members on each card and came in special packaging.

Risa Niigaki
Risa Niigaki (新垣 里沙, Niigaki Risa; born October 20, 1988) is a Japanese actress and singer. She was a fifth-generation member of the Japanese pop group Morning Musume. She joined Morning Musume in 2001 along with 3 others- Ai Takahashi, Asami Konno and Makoto Ogawa. She grew up in Yokohama after moving there at the age of six. She was one of the longest serving members of Morning Musume, and was the leader of the group from October 2011 to her graduation on May 18, 2012.
Annick Thoumazeau
Annick Thoumazeau (born in Fréjus in 1960) is a French singer. She represented France in the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest, with the song "Autant d'amoureux que d'étoiles" (English translation: "As Many Lovers As Stars").

Thoumazeau performed third on the night, before Spain, and after Luxembourg. She placed eighth out of nineteen entries, receiving a total of 61 points.

Under the pen name Année Leed, Thoumazeau wrote the lyrics to the musical Virulla, which was staged in Disneyland Paris and Le Théâtre du gymnase, Paris in the 2000s.

Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1984
Spain was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 with the song "Lady, Lady", composed by Miguel Blasco Larami, with lyrics by Amaya Saizar, and performed by the group Bravo. The Spanish participating broadcaster, Televisión Española (TVE), internally selected its entry for the contest. The song, performed in position 4, placed third out of nineteen competing entries with 106 points.
Good American Family
Good American Family is an American drama limited series based on the adoption by Kristine (Ellen Pompeo) and Michael Barnett (Mark Duplass) of Natalia Grace (Imogen Faith Reid), a child with dwarfism who the Barnetts decide to abandon after she starts to display peculiar behavior, falsely claiming she had been an adult pretending to be a child to justify doing so. Good American Family premiered on Hulu on March 19, 2025. The series received generally mixed reviews from critics.

Limited-run series
In television programming, a limited-run series (or simply limited series or mini-series) is a program with an end date and limit to the number of episodes. For instance, The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences' definition specifies a "program with two or more episodes with a total running time of at least 150 program minutes that tells a complete, non-recurring story, and does not have an on-going storyline and/or main characters in subsequent seasons." Limited-run series are represented in the form of telenovelas in Latin America and serials in the United Kingdom.

The shortest forms of limited-run series have two or three parts, usually described as "made-for-television film" or miniseries in the United States. Longer forms are often reality television or scripted dramas.
Grey seal
The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) is a large seal of the family Phocidae, which are commonly referred to as "true seals" or "earless seals". The only species classified in the genus Halichoerus, it is found on both shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. In Latin, Halichoerus grypus means "hook-nosed sea pig". Its name is spelled gray seal in the United States; it is also known as Atlantic seal and the horsehead seal.

Earless seal
The earless seals, also known as phocids or true seals, are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal lineage, Pinnipedia. All true seals are members of the family Phocidae (/ˈfoʊsɪdiː/). They are sometimes called crawling seals to distinguish them from the fur seals and sea lions of the family Otariidae. Seals live in the oceans of both hemispheres and, with the exception of the more tropical monk seals, are mostly confined to polar, subpolar, and temperate climates.  The Baikal seal is the only species of exclusively freshwater seal.
16 BC
Year 16 BC was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Scipio (or, less frequently, year 738 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 16 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Common year starting on Sunday
A common year starting on Sunday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Sunday, 1 January, and ends on Sunday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is A. The most recent year of such kind was 2023, and the next one will be 2034 in the Gregorian calendar, or, likewise, 2018 and 2029 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more.

Any common year that starts on a Sunday has two Friday the 13ths: those two in this common year occur in January and October.

This year has four months (January, April, July and October) which begin on a weekend-day.
Martin Brandlmayr
Martin Brandlmayr is an Austrian percussionist, drummer, composer and electronic artist.

He is widely recognized for his work in a variety of so-called "post-rock" bands, namely Radian, Trapist, and Autistic Daughters,  among others. Critic Brian Olewnick has called Brandlmayr's work "extraordinarily precise".

Among others, Brandlmayr has recorded or performed with John Tilbury, Fennesz, Chad Taylor, and Otomo Yoshihide.

He was artist in residence 2002 at Podewil, Berlin. He now lives in Vienna, Austria and is an active member of Polwechsel.

John Tilbury
John Tilbury (born 1 February 1936) is a British pianist. He is considered one of the foremost interpreters of Morton Feldman's music, and since 1980 has been a member of the free improvisation group AMM.
Spinning Spur Wind Ranch
The Spinning Spur Wind Ranch is a 516 megawatt (MW) wind farm spanning the length of southern Oldham County in the northwest panhandle region of the U.S. state of Texas.   The project was developed by Cielo Wind Power and EDF Renewable Energy in three phases that came online from 2012 to 2015.   Phases 2 and 3 are enabled by the Competitive Renewable Energy Zone (CREZ) transmission infrastructure completed in 2013 that was designed to bring electricity generated in energy-resource-rich western regions to industrialized population centers in the central and eastern regions of the state.

Oldham County, Texas
Oldham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,758. Its county seat is Vega. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1881. Oldham County is included in the Amarillo, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rainbow Foods LPGA Classic
The Rainbow Foods LPGA Classic was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1990 to 1998. It was played in the Minneapolis – Saint Paul, Minnesota area: at the Edinburgh USA Golf Course in Brooklyn Park from 1990 to 1996 and at the Rush Creek Golf Club in Maple Grove in 1997 and 1998.

Hiromi Kobayashi (golfer)
Hiromi Kobayashi (小林 浩美, Kobayashi Hiromi, born 8 January 1963 in Iwaki, Fukushima) is a Japanese professional golfer. She has won 15 tournaments internationally, including four on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour.
Felipe Orts
Felipe Orts Lloret (born April 1, 1995) is a Spanish road and cyclo-cross cyclist, who currently rides for La Vila Joiosa–Neteo in cyclo-cross. He finished second at the men's under-23 event at the 2017 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

For the 2021 road racing season, Orts joined the Burgos BH team on a one-year contract; he remained with Teika–BH–GSport in cyclo-cross events. For the 2025-2026 season, Orts signed with Ridley Racing Team

2017 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 2017 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships were the World Championship for cyclo-cross for the season 2016–17. It was held in Bieles in Luxembourg on Saturday 28 and Sunday 29 January 2017. The championships featured five events; men's races for elite, under-23 and junior riders, and women's races for elite and under-23 riders.
Volatile (astrogeology)
Volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds that can be readily vaporized. In contrast with volatiles, elements and compounds that are not readily vaporized are known as refractory substances.

On planet Earth, the term often refers to the volatile components of magma. In astrogeology, volatiles are investigated in the crust or atmosphere of a planet or moon. Volatiles include hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, halogens, noble gases and others.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
2014 China Open Super Series Premier
The 2014 China Open will be the eleventh super series tournament of the 2014 BWF Super Series. The tournament will be contested in Fuzhou, China from November 11–16, 2014 with a total purse of $700,000. A qualification will occur to fill four places in all five disciplines of the main draws. For the first time in the history of this super series tournament, two non-Chinese players won men's and women's singles titles both from India.

Bao Yixin
Zhao Yatong (Chinese: 赵娅彤; born Bao Yixin, 29 September 1992) is a Chinese badminton doubles player. She won titles in the women's doubles category with many different partners. She won two World Junior titles at the 2010 BWF World Junior Championships held in Guadalajara, Mexico. In the girls' doubles event, she was crowned World Junior Champion with Ou Dongni and in the mixed doubles she was crowned with Liu Cheng. She also won the mixed doubles at the 2009 Asian Junior Championships with Lu Kai and the mixed doubles at the 2010 Asian Junior Championships with Liu Cheng. Partnering with Tang Yuanting, Bao became the women's doubles champion at the 2015 All England Open. Bao graduated with a bachelor's degree from Xiangtan University.
High Sheldon Wind Farm
High Sheldon Wind Farm is located in Sheldon, New York USA in Wyoming County, about 30 miles southeast of Buffalo. Constructed in 2009 and operated by Invenergy, it has 75 units capable of 1.5 Mw each for a nameplate capacity of 112.5 megawatts, using General Electric 1.5sle turbines. The wind farm stirred controversy in the town over concerns of noise, visual pollution, and property values. For comparison in 2023, 15 and 16 megawatt turbines are being tested.

Wyoming County, New York
Wyoming County is a county in the U.S. state of New York in the state's western area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,531. The county seat is Warsaw. The name is modified from a Lenape (Delaware) Native American word meaning "broad bottom lands". Wyoming County was formed from Genesee County in 1841. Wyoming County is one of New York's mostly agricultural counties. With an estimated 47,500 dairy cows in the county, there are more cattle in Wyoming County than people. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
The Untold Legend of the Batman
The Untold Legend of the Batman is a three-issue Batman comic book miniseries published by the publishing company DC Comics in 1980. It was written by Len Wein. The first issue was penciled by John Byrne and inked by Jim Aparo. The second and third issues were drawn entirely by Aparo. José Luis García-López drew the covers for the entire series. The primary plot elements of the story are retellings of the origins of several Batman characters. It is the second miniseries published by DC Comics as well as the first starring Batman.

In 1989, as a marketing tool, each issue of the series was available in a special "MPI Audio Edition", accompanied by an audio cassette containing a performance of the text of the issue, with musical cues. That same year, the series was reprinted in smaller format as a premium for Batman breakfast cereal. The first issue was later adapted for animation in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Chill of the Night!"

Inker
The inker (sometimes credited as the finisher or embellisher) is one of the two line artists in traditional American comic book production. In his seminal work Understanding Comics, cartoonist and theorist Scott McCloud categorizes the final execution of lines -- traditionally the domain of the inker -- as the "Surface" stage of the six-step creative process, noting that this is the aspect of the work most immediately apparent to the viewer.

After the penciller creates a drawing with pencil, the inker interprets this drawing by outlining and embellishing it with a pencil, an ink pen or a brush with black ink. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. Another specialist, the letterer, handles the "inking" of text and word balloons, while the colorist applies color to the final inked art submitted by the inker.
Eucidaris
Eucidaris is a genus of cidaroid sea urchins known as slate pencil urchins (named after slate pencil). They are characterised by a moderately thick test, a usually monocyclic apical disc, perforate and non-crenulate tubercles and nearly straight ambulacra with horizontal pore pairs. The primary spines are few and widely spaced, stout with blunt flat tips and beaded ornamentation and the secondary spines are short and apressed. They originated in the Miocene and extant members of the genus are found in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean, East Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.

Test (biology)
In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical aquatic animals and protists, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae. The term is also applied to the covering of scale insects. The related Latin term testa is used for the outer layer of the hard seed coat of plant seeds.
Medical Mycology
Medical Mycology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. It was established in 1962 as Sabouraudia, honoring the French dermatologist/medical mycologist, Raimond Sabouraud and publishing 3 to 4 issues per year. In 1986 the name was changed to Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology and the number of issues was increased to six per year. The journal obtained its current name in 1998, increasing the number of yearly issues to eight in 2005. In addition, the journal occasionally publishes supplemental issues on specific topics of current interest to the medical mycology community or the proceedings of international conferences.

The journal covers all aspects of medical, veterinary, and environmental mycology. The editor-in-chief is Karl V. Clemons (California Institute for Medical Research).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.851.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.