hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andromeda IV
Andromeda IV (And IV) is an isolated irregular dwarf galaxy. The moderate surface brightness, a very blue color, low current star formation rate and low metallicity are consistent with it being a small (background) dwarf irregular galaxy, perhaps similar to Local Group dwarfs such as IC 1613 and Sextans A. Arguments based on the observed radial velocity and the tentative detection of the RGB tip suggest that it lies well outside the confines of the Local Group.

Further study using the Hubble Space Telescope has shown it to be a solitary irregular dwarf galaxy. The galaxy is between 22 and 24 million light years from Earth, and so is not close to the Andromeda Galaxy at all. The galaxy is severely isolated. The Holmberg diameter is 1880 parsecs, but neutral atomic hydrogen gas extends more than eight times further out in a disk. The galaxy is very dark, and the baryonic mass to dark matter ratio is 0.11.

Surface brightness
In astronomy, surface brightness (SB) quantifies the apparent brightness or flux density per unit angular area of a spatially extended object such as a galaxy or nebula, or of the night sky background.  An object's surface brightness depends on its surface luminosity density, i.e., its luminosity emitted per unit surface area. In visible and infrared astronomy, surface brightness is often quoted on a magnitude scale, in magnitudes per square arcsecond (MPSAS) in a particular filter band or photometric system.

Measurement of the surface brightnesses of celestial objects is called surface photometry.
State House, Barbados
The State House (formerly Government House) is the official residence and office of the president of Barbados. It was built in 1702 during the colonial days and served as a Quaker Plantation, until it was purchased by the imperial government, to act as a replacement to the Bagatelle Great House in the Parish of St Thomas.

From then, it served as the residence of the governor of Barbados. It later continued in the role of official residence and office of the governor-general of Barbados following independence from the United Kingdom in 1966. Upon the abolition of the monarchy on 30 November 2021, Government House was renamed State House and has effectively become the official residence of the president of Barbados.

Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
Compsosoma
Compsosoma is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.

Compsosoma alboapicalis Breuning, 1980

Compsosoma chabrillacii Thomson, 1857

Compsosoma fasciatum Monné, 1980

Compsosoma geayi Gounelle, 1908

Compsosoma mniszechii Thomson, 1857

Compsosoma monnei Martins & Galileo, 1996

Compsosoma mutillarium (Klug, 1825)

Compsosoma nubilum Gounelle, 1908

Compsosoma perpulchrum (Vigors, 1825)

Compsosoma phaleratum Thomson, 1857

Compsosoma v-notatum (Vigors, 1825)

Compsosoma vestitipenne Zajciw, 1962

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Piet Keur
Pieter "Piet" Keur (born 20 December 1960 in Zandvoort, North Holland) is a retired football striker from the Netherlands, who was a prolific goalscorer in the 1980s and early 1990s. He's currently striker-coach at AZ.

He played for HFC Haarlem (1981–1987), FC Twente (1987–1989), Feyenoord Rotterdam (1989–1990), SVV (1991), HFC Haarlem (1991–1993), SC Heerenveen (1993–1994) and AZ Alkmaar (1995–1996). He retired in 1996, playing for the club where he started his career, HFC Haarlem. Keur was a member of the famous Haarlem-team, that competed in the UEFA Cup in the 1982–83 season, for the first time in the club's history.

AZ Alkmaar
Alkmaar Zaanstreek (Dutch: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr ˈzaːnstreːk]), better known internationally as AZ Alkmaar, or simply and most commonly as AZ (pronounced [aːˈzɛt]) in the Netherlands, is a Dutch professional football club from Alkmaar and the Zaan district. The club plays in the Eredivisie, the highest professional football league in the Netherlands.

AZ won the Eredivisie in 1980–81 and 2008–09. In 1981, they also reached the UEFA Cup final, which they lost to Ipswich Town. The team has won the KNVB Cup on four occasions, and one Johan Cruyff Shield.
Hugh McMahon (politician)
Hugh Robertson McMahon (born 17 June 1938) is a former Scottish politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament.

McMahon was educated at Jordanhill College and the University of Glasgow. He became a head teacher, and also became active in the Labour Party, chairing the Socialist Education Association of Scotland from 1978 until 1982, and the Scottish Fabian Society from 1979 until 1984.  He also served on the executive of the Scottish Labour Party from 1980 until 1983.

At the 1984 European Parliament election, McMahon was elected for Strathclyde West. He ceased to be an MEP when Euro-constituencies were re-organised in 1999.

Fabian Society
The Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/) is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.

As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has strongly influenced British politics. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.

Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of twenty socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.
Stegastes rectifraenum
Stegastes rectifraenum, commonly known as the Cortez damselfish or Cortez gregory, is a damselfish of the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, its range including Baja California in Mexico, and the Gulf of California. It is found on rocky inshore reefs at depths ranging from 1 to 10 m (3 ft 3 in to 32 ft 10 in).

Gulf of California
The Gulf of California (Spanish: Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés (Mar de Cortés) or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (Mar Vermejo), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California peninsula from the Mexican mainland. It is bordered by the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa with a coastline of approximately 4,000 km (2,500 mi). Rivers that flow into the Gulf of California include the Colorado, Fuerte, Mayo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and the Yaqui. The surface of the gulf is about 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi). Maximum depths exceed 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) because of the complex geology, linked to plate tectonics.

The gulf is thought to be one of the most diverse seas on Earth and is home to more than 5,000 species of micro-invertebrates. Parts of the Gulf of California are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Sun Is Shining (Axwell & Ingrosso song)
"Sun Is Shining" is a song by Swedish dance music duo Axwell & Ingrosso. The song was released in Sweden on 12 June 2015 as the fourth single from their debut studio album More Than You Know. The song was written by Sebastian Ingrosso, Salem Al Fakir, Axel Hedfors and Vincent Pontare. The song peaked at number 1 on the Swedish Singles Chart. The song features uncredited vocals from Al Fakir.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Hu Hesheng
Hu Hesheng (Chinese: 胡和生; pinyin: Hú Héshēng; 20 June 1928 – 2 February 2024) was a Chinese mathematician. She served as vice-president of Chinese Mathematical Society, president of the Shanghai Mathematical Society, and was an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. She gave the Noether Lecture in 2002.

Chinese Mathematical Society
The Chinese Mathematical Society (CMS, Chinese: 中国数学会) is an academic organization for Chinese mathematicians, with the official website www.cms.org.cn. It is a member of China Association of Science and Technology.
Achappana Koppalu
Achappana Koppalu  is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Shrirangapattana taluk of Mandya district in Karnataka.

ಶ್ರೀರಂಗಪಟ್ಟಣದಿಂದ ಸುಮಾರು 6 ಕಿಲೋ ಮೀಟರ್ ಇದಇದು ಕಾವೇರಿ ನದಿಯ ಎಡ ದಂಡೆಯ ಮೇಲಿದೆ.ೆ.

Srirangapatna
Srirangapatna or Srirangapattana is a town and headquarters of one of the seven Taluks of Mandya district, in the Indian State of Karnataka. It gets its name from the Ranganathaswamy temple consecrated around 984 CE. Later, under the British rule, the city was renamed to Seringapatam. Located near the city of Mandya, it is of religious, cultural and historic importance.

The monuments on the island town of Srirangapatna have been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the application is pending on the tentative list of UNESCO.
Laugh When You Can
Laugh When You Can is a 1798 comedy play by the British writer Frederick Reynolds. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 8 December 1798. The original cast included William Thomas Lewis as Gossamer, Joseph Shepherd Munden as Bonus, Joseph George Holman as Mortimer, John Fawcett as Sambo, John Whitfield as Delville, Edward Townsend as Costly, James Thompson as Farmer Blackbrook, Samuel Simmons as Waiter, Mary Ann Pope as Mrs. Mortimer, Maria Gibbs as Dorothy and Isabella Mattocks as Mrs Gloomly. The Irish premiere was at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on Dublin on 17 April 1799.

Maria Ann Campion
Maria Ann Campion (1777 - 18 June 1803) was a popular Irish actress and the second wife of the acritic Alexander Pope. She was born in Waterford, Ireland and died in London on 18 June 1803, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Les Cayes massacre
The Les Cayes massacre, also known as the Marchaterre massacre, was a massacre on 6 December 1929 in Les Cayes perpetrated by U.S. Marines against Haitians protesting the United States occupation of Haiti. The massacre was instrumental in placing pressure on the federal government of the United States to end the occupation.

At the time of the massacre, the United States had invaded Haiti over fourteen years earlier in 1915, with the Marines occupying the country through a military regime on behalf of American business interests. By October 1929, Haitians grew increasingly angered with the American occupation and protests broke out, resulting in a general strike. Such demonstrations culminated with the massacre, which resulted in international condemnation and later the end of American occupation.

William Banks Caperton
William Banks Caperton (June 30, 1855 – December 21, 1941) was an admiral of the United States Navy. He held major posts ashore and afloat, chief of which were commanding the naval forces intervening in Haiti (1915–16) and Santo Domingo (1916), and Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet, from July 28, 1916, to April 30, 1919. He served actively until November 12, 1921.
Standard, West Virginia
Standard is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. The community is located near Exit 74 on the West Virginia Turnpike (Interstates 64 and 77) north of the Fayette County line.

Kanawha County, West Virginia
Kanawha County (/kəˈnɔːə/ kə-NAW-ə) is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 180,745, making it West Virginia's most populous county. The county seat is Charleston, which is also the state capital and most populous city.
Kanawha County is part of the Charleston, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Leliana
Leliana is a fictional character from BioWare's Dragon Age media franchise, first appearing as a party member in the 2009 role-playing game Dragon Age: Origins. A bard who is originally from the nation of Orlais, she came to Ferelden prior to the events of the Dragon Age series. Following the events of Leliana's Song, a DLC pack which serves as a prequel to the base game, she encounters the surviving Grey Wardens of Ferelden in the town of Lothering, and accompanies them to stop the monstrous Darkspawn from overrunning the world of Thedas. Leliana has appeared as a supporting character in subsequent video game sequels to Origins as well as other expanded media. She is voiced by French actress Corinne Kempa.

Leliana is generally well received. The character was featured prominently in promotional material and advertisements released by Bioware's parent company EA leading up to the release of Dragon Age: Origins and Dragon Age: Inquisition.

BioWare
BioWare is a Canadian video game developer based in Edmonton, Alberta. It was founded in 1995 by newly graduated medical doctors Ray Muzyka, Greg Zeschuk and Augustine Yip. Since 2007, the company has been owned by American publisher Electronic Arts.

BioWare specializes in role-playing video games, and achieved recognition for developing highly praised and successful licensed franchises: Baldur's Gate, Neverwinter Nights, and Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic. They proceeded to make several other successful games based on original intellectual property: Jade Empire, the Mass Effect series, and the Dragon Age series. In 2011, BioWare launched their first massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), Star Wars: The Old Republic.
2013 V.League 1
The 2013 V.League 1 (known as the Eximbank V.League 1 for sponsorship reasons) season was the 30th season of Vietnam's national football league and the 13th as a professional league. The season began on 3 March 2013 and finished on 31 August 2013.

Dong Thap FC
Dong Thap Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Đồng Tháp) is a Vietnamese professional football club based in Đồng Tháp. As a two-time champion of Vietnam's top division, the club is one of the most historically significant teams in the Mekong Delta region. They currently compete in the V.League 2.
Yelian He
Yelian He (Chinese: 何烨联 | Mandarin: hé yè lián) is an Australian/Chinese classical concert cellist and martial arts teacher. Born in Shanghai, China, and raised in Melbourne, Australia, he began studying the cello at the age of five, almost two years after he commenced studies on the piano with his father. He was hailed as a "consummate master of the bow" by The Strad magazine on his Wigmore Hall debut, He was the winner of the 2009 Royal Over-Seas League String Competition in London, as well as the Grand Prize and Audience Prize at the 2014 Australian Cello Awards competition in Sydney.

The Strad
The Strad is a UK-based monthly classical music magazine about string instruments – principally the violin, viola, cello, and double bass – for amateur and professional musicians. Founded in 1889, the magazine provides information, photographs and reviews of instruments, related feature articles and news, and information about concerts. The magazine offers practical advice on technique, profiles of leading performers, and information on master classes and the craft of instrument makers such as luthiers. It also includes articles about orchestras and music schools.

The magazine's name references the common abbreviation for the famous 17th–18th-century Stradivarius family of luthiers and their coveted and valuable instruments. The Strad's first issue was released in June 1890. It is now edited by Emma Baker and owned by Newsquest Specialist Media Limited, an USA Today Co. company.
Spring Valley Township, Shannon County, Missouri
Spring Valley Township is an inactive township in Shannon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

Spring Valley Township was erected in 1842, and named for a valley containing springs within its borders.

Shannon County, Missouri
Shannon County is a county in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,031. Its county seat is Eminence. The county was officially organized on January 29, 1841, and was named in honor of George F. "Peg-Leg" Shannon, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. It is the second-largest county by area in Missouri.

Missouri's first copper mine was opened in Shannon County in 1846 and Missouri's only manganese mine was opened here during World War II.

As of the 2000 census, Shannon County ranked 78th on the list of counties with the lowest per capita income and 46th on the list of counties with the lowest median household incomes in the United States, making it the poorest county in Missouri.
Temnora funebris
Temnora funebris is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by William Jacob Holland in 1893. It is known from the forests of western Africa to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

The length of the forewings is 23–29 mm.

William Jacob Holland
Rev William Jacob Holland FRSE LLD (August 16, 1848 – December 13, 1932) was the eighth Chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh (1891–1901) and Director of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. He was an accomplished lepidopterist, zoologist, and paleontologist, as well as an ordained Presbyterian minister.
Yan Savitskiy
Yan Savitskiy (born April 29, 1987 in Ridder, Kazakhstan) is a Kazakh biathlete.

He competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics for Belarus. His best finish is 18th, as a member of the Kazakh relay team. His best individual performance is 27th, in the pursuit.

As of February 2013, his best performance at the Biathlon World Championships, is 11th, in the 2013 individual.

As of February 2013, his best Biathlon World Cup finish is 14th, in the men's relay at Antholz in 2010/11. His best individual finish is 16th, in the sprint at Antholz in 2012/13. His best overall finish in the Biathlon World Cup is 70th, in 2011/12.

Biathlon at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's pursuit
The men's pursuit competition in biathlon at the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at Whistler Olympic Park in Whistler, British Columbia on February 16, 2010. It was won by Swedish athlete Björn Ferry, after both Ferry and second place finisher Christoph Sumann of Austria successfully pursued and overtook the leader at the start of the race, France's Vincent Jay.
Mutitjulu
Mutitjulu is an Aboriginal Australian community in the Northern Territory of Australia  located at the eastern end of Uluṟu (also known as Ayers Rock). It is named after a knee-shaped water-filled rock hole at the base of Uluṟu, and is located in the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Its people are traditional owners and joint managers of the park with Parks Australia. At the 2011 census, Mutitjulu had a population of 296, of which 218 (71.2%) were Aboriginal.

The majority of the Anangu (people) are Pitjantjatjara but there are also associated Yankunytjatjara, Luritja, and Ngaanyatjarra people with the languages spoken being Pitjantjatjara, Luritja, and Yankunytjatjara. Arrernte people also have a traditional relationship with Uluṟu.

Ngaanyatjarra
The Ngaanyatjarra, also known (along with the Pini) as the Nana, are an Indigenous Australian cultural group of Western Australia. They are located in the Goldfields-Esperance region, as well as Northern Territory.
Governance of England
There has not been a government of England since 1707, when the Kingdom of England ceased to exist as a sovereign state after merging with the Kingdom of Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Kingdom of Great Britain continued from 1707 until 1801 when it merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which itself became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) in 1922 (in reality; in name in 1927) upon independence for most of the island of Ireland.

Devolved English parliament
A devolved English parliament is a proposed institution that would give separate decision-making powers to representatives for voters in England, similar to the representation given by the Senedd (Welsh Parliament), the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. A devolved English parliament is an issue in the politics of the United Kingdom.

Public opinion surveys have resulted in widely differing conclusions on public support for the establishment of a devolved English parliament.
Blaze and Satanus
Blaze and Satanus are twin fictional demonic siblings appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Blaze debuted in Action Comics #655 (July 1990), created by Roger Stern and Brett Breeding and first pencilled by Bob McLeod. Later, Satanus was created by Brett Breeding and debuted in The Adventures of Superman #493 (August 1992) by Jerry Ordway and Tom Grummett. The twin duo originally starred as Superman villains associated with the supernatural but were later revealed to be the children of the Wizard Shazam, Blaze respectively depicted as a powerful enemy of the Marvel Family.

Tom Grummett
Thomas Grummett (born 1959) is a Canadian comic book artist and penciller. He is best known for his work as penciller on titles such as The New Titans, The Adventures of Superman, Superboy, Power Company, Robin, New Thunderbolts, and Heroes.
Malcolm George Baker
Malcolm George Baker (13 August 1947 – 23 June 2024) was an Australian spree killer from Terrigal, New South Wales, who died while serving six sentences of life imprisonment without parole for the shooting massacre of seven people, including an unborn child, in Terrigal, Bateau Bay and Wyong on the evening of 27 October 1992, an event known as the Central Coast massacre.

Spree killer
A spree killer is someone who commits a criminal act that involves two or more murders in a short time, often in multiple locations. There are differing opinions about what durations of time a killing spree may take place in. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics has spoken of "almost no time break between murders", but some academics consider that a killing spree may last weeks or months, e.g. the case of Andrew Cunanan, who murdered five people over three months, including fashion designer Gianni Versace.
Kask (surname)
Kask is an Estonian surname meaning "birch". Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksander Kask (1885–1950), Estonian politician

Aleksander Kask (1902–1965), Estonian weightlifter

Arnold Kask (1902–1994), Estonian linguist, philologist and professor

Herman Kask (died 1918), Estonian politician

Jana Kask (born 1991), Estonian singer

Janne Kask, former singer of the Swedish band Brainpool

Oskar Kask (1898–1942), Estonian politician

Peet Kask (born 1948), Estonian politician

Rein Kask (born 1947), Estonian politician

Risto Kask (born 1985), Estonian civil servant and politician

Teet Kask (born 1968), Estonian ballet dancer and choreographer

Tim Kask (1949–2025), American editor and writer

Tõnis Kask (1929–2016), Estonian director

Herman Kask
Herman Kask (died 1918), also known as Hermann Kask, was an Estonian surveyor and politician.

Kask was elected to the Estonian Provincial Assembly, which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia between 1917 and 1919; he was the Assembly's Second Assistant Secretary between 27 July 1917 and 25 October 17, when he was appointed full Secretary. He served until his death on 16 February 1918; his seat in the Assembly was taken up by Mart Meos on 27 November 1918.