hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nowy Przykop
Nowy Przykop [ˈnɔvɨ ˈpʂɨkɔp] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within historic Warmia.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, in 1772–1871 of Prussia, in 1871–1945 of Germany, and since 1945 of Poland.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
USS Felix Taussig
USS Felix Taussig (ID-2282) was a cargo ship in commission in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919. She saw service during World War I. Prior to her U.S. Navy service, she operated as the American commercial cargo ship SS Felix Taussig under charter to the United States Army. During this service she mistakenly sank the U.S. Navy submarine chaser USS SC-209 in the deadliest friendly fire incident involving the U.S. Navy of World War I. Felix Taussig returned to commercial service after World War I, first as SS Felix Taussig from 1919 to 1948, then from 1948 until 1953 under the Italian flag as SS Ata.

American Campaign Medal
The American Campaign Medal was a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942, by Executive Order 9265 issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The medal was intended to recognize those military members who had performed military service in the American Theater of Operations during World War II.  A similar medal, known as the American Defense Service Medal was awarded for active duty service before the United States' entry into World War II.
Cella Delavrancea
Cella Delavrancea (15 December 1887 – 9 August 1991) was a Romanian pianist, writer and teacher of piano, eldest daughter of writer Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea, sister of architect Henrieta Delavrancea-Gibory, Niculina Delavrancea and "Bebs" Delavrancea, member of the circle of Eugen Lovinescu. She was married to diplomat Viorel Tilea during World War I (divorced), to Aristide Blank (divorced), and to Philippe Lahovary, and was one of the intimate friends of Queen Marie of Romania. She's also known for her romantic relationship with Nae Ionescu, Romanian logician and politician, spiritual mentor of the "Eliade generation".

Eugen Lovinescu
Eugen Lovinescu (Romanian: [e.uˈdʒen loviˈnesku]; 31 October 1881 – 16 July 1943) was a Romanian modernist literary historian, literary critic, academic, and novelist, who in 1919 established the Sburătorul literary club. He was the father of Monica Lovinescu, and the uncle of Horia Lovinescu, Vasile Lovinescu, and Anton Holban. He was elected to the Romanian Academy posthumously, in 1991.
Katarzyna Eugenia Skumin Tyszkiewicz
Katarzyna Eugenia Skumin Tyszkiewicz (c. 1610–1648) was a Polish noblewoman.

Katarzyna was the daughter of Janusz Skumin Tyszkiewicz and Barbara Naruszewicz. She was married to Jan Rakowski, Janusz Wiśniowiecki (son of Konstanty Wiśniowiecki) since 1627 and Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł since 1639.

Her marriage to Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł, led to the conflict between Aleksander Ludwik Radziwłł and Jeremi Wiśniowiecki over the inheritance of Konstanty and Janusz. Eventually, in 1642, Katarzyna defected to Jeremi side and divorced Aleksander, who was forced to give up his claims .

Konstanty Wiśniowiecki
Prince Konstanty Wiśniowiecki (1564–1641) was a Polish nobleman, voivode of Belz since 1636, of Ruthenia since 1638 and starost of Czerkasy and Kamieniec was a wealthy, powerful and influential magnate, experienced in both politics and warfare.
Mary Ross Banks
Mary Ross Banks (née, Ross; after first marriage, Bowdre; after second marriage, Banks; March 4, 1846 – September 15, 1910) was an American writer of the long nineteenth century. Her literary fame came to her suddenly and was the result of one book, Bright Days on the Old Plantation (Boston, 1882).

Griffin, Georgia
Griffin is a city in and the county seat of Spalding County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 23,478.

Griffin was founded in 1840 and named for landowner Col. Lewis Lawrence Griffin.

Griffin Technical College was located in Griffin from 1963 and a branch of Southern Crescent Technical College is in Griffin. The Griffin Synodical Female College was established by Presbyterians, but closed. The University of Georgia maintains a branch campus in Griffin.
Hemerocallis middendorffii
Hemerocallis middendorffii, known as Amur daylily, is a plant species in the subfamily Hemerocallidoideae of the family Asphodelaceae of the order Asparagales. It is native to the Russian Far East, northwest China, Korea, and Japan. It grows in meadows, mountain slopes, open woods, and scrub. It is cultivated in Asia for its edible flowers.

Asphodelaceae
Asphodelaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, but the circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APG IV system, it includes about 40 genera and 900 known species. The type genus is Asphodelus.

The family has a wide, but scattered, distribution throughout the tropics and temperate zones; for example, Xanthorrhoea is endemic to Australia, while the Aloes are unique to Africa and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Many of the family's genera are cultivated as ornamentals, with some being highly collectible and sought-after, such as Haworthia and Gasteria, as well as their intergeneric hybrids with Aloe (x Gasteraloe, x Gastorthia, x Haworthaloe, etc.), while a few are grown commercially for cut flowers. Two species of Aloe, A. vera and A. maculata, are grown for their leaf sap, which contains digestive enzymes, and has medicinal and cosmetic applications.
Sumpafallen
Sumpafallen is a nature reserve in Sweden, located along Högvadsån, a tributary to river Ätran. The reserve has an area of 56 hectares and is situated in Falkenberg Municipality. It is classified as being of national interest with regards to conservation.

Apart from the river with its rapids, the reserve consist of mainly broadleaf forest and pasture. Alternate-leaved golden saxifrage, anemone hepatica and paris quadrifolia are among the species found in the reserve. Freshwater pearl mussel, salmon and brown trout are found in the river.

Rapids
Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. Flow, gradient, constriction, and obstacles are four factors that are needed for a rapid to be created.
Spook Cave
43°02′04″N 91°18′31″W﻿ / ﻿43.034480°N 91.308609°W﻿ / 43.034480; -91.308609

Spook Cave is a flooded cave located about seven miles (11 km) west of McGregor in rural Clayton County, Iowa. It is privately owned and operated as a tourist attraction offering escorted boat rides into the cave. The cave was first discovered in 1953 and opened for business in 1955.

The cave entrance is located on a 93-acre (38 ha) property that also includes a campground and cabins.

The cave is in the drainage of Bloody Run Creek, a small tributary of the Upper Mississippi River. A lock and dam maintain water levels sufficient for boat access; the cave's stream is allowed to drain to its natural, shin-high depth during the winter. Geologically, the cave is in the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region characterized by karst topography, caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, and cold springs.

Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet. A cenote is a type of sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath. Sink and stream sink are more general terms for sites which drain surface water, possibly by infiltration into sediment or crumbled rock.

Most sinkholes are caused by karst processes – the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks, collapse or suffosion processes. Sinkholes are usually circular and vary in size from tens to hundreds of meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.
LAPTM4B
Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAPTM4B gene.

LAPTM4B protein contains a lysosome localization motif and localizes on late endosomes and lysosomes.

Endosome
Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. They are parts of the endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for degradation or can be recycled back to the cell membrane in the endocytic cycle. Molecules are also transported to endosomes from the trans Golgi network and either continue to lysosomes or recycle back to the Golgi apparatus.

Endosomes can be classified as early, sorting, or late depending on their stage post internalization. Endosomes represent a major sorting compartment of the endomembrane system in cells.
Pleasure Bay
Pleasure Bay is a tributary of the Shrewsbury River in Monmouth County, New Jersey in the United States.

Pleasure Bay is an estuary formed by the confluence of Branchport Creek and Troutmans Creek, flowing north to the Shrewsbury River. A short distance above the mouth, Manahasset Creek enters the bay.

Pleasure Bay forms the boundary of Oceanport with Long Branch and Monmouth Beach.

Oceanport, New Jersey
Oceanport is a borough situated in the Jersey Shore region, within Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, specifically Central Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 6,150, an increase of 318 (+5.5%) from the 2010 census count of 5,832, which in turn reflected an increase of 25 (+0.4%) from the 5,807 counted in the 2000 census.

Oceanport was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1920, from portions of Eatontown Township (now Eatontown), based on the results of a referendum held on May 11, 1920.

New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Oceanport as its 4th best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.
SpinLaunch
SpinLaunch is a spaceflight technology development company working on mass accelerator technology to move payloads to space. As of September 2022, the company has raised US$150 million in funding, with investors including Kleiner Perkins, Google Ventures, Airbus Ventures, ATW Partners, Catapult Ventures, Lauder Partners, John Doerr, and the Byers Family.

GV (company)
GV Management Company, L.L.C. is a venture capital investment arm of Alphabet Inc., founded by Bill Maris, that provides seed, venture, and growth stage funding to technology companies. Founded as Google Ventures in 2010, the firm has operated independently of Google, Alphabet's search and advertising division, since 2015. GV invests in startup companies in a variety of fields ranging from the Internet, software, and hardware to life science, healthcare, artificial intelligence, transportation, cyber security and agriculture. It has helped finance more than 300 companies that include Uber, Nest, Slack, and Flatiron Health.
2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the state of Kansas. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election.

Tim Huelskamp
Timothy Alan Huelskamp (/ˈhjuːlskæmp/; born November 11, 1968) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for Kansas's 1st congressional district from 2011 to 2017. A member of the Republican Party, prior to entering Congress Huelskamp represented the 38th district of the Kansas Senate from 1997 until 2011.

Known for his social conservatism, Huelskamp was the chairman of the House Tea Party Caucus from February 2015 until the end of his term on January 3, 2017. He was succeeded by Roger Marshall, who defeated him in the 2016 Republican primary.
Pullman Square
Pullman Square is a lifestyle center in downtown Huntington, West Virginia, United States between 8th and 10th Street and 3rd Avenue and Veteran's Memorial Boulevard. It is located on what was known as the Superblock, a large urban renewal project that saw the demolishing of four city-square-blocks in 1970. The center opened in 2004, featuring approximately 20 stores, along with office space, restaurants, and a movie theater. It was developed by Metropolitan Partners.

Uno Pizzeria & Grill
Uno Pizzeria & Grill (formerly Pizzeria Uno and Uno Chicago Grill), or more informally as Uno’s, is a United States-origin franchised pizzeria restaurant chain under the parent company Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation. Uno Pizzeria and Grill is best known for its Chicago-style deep dish pizza. Ike Sewell opened the first Pizzeria Uno in 1943.
Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction
Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction is an action-adventure video game developed by Pandemic Studios and published by LucasArts for PlayStation 2 and Xbox. The game features an open world environment, with elements of potential stealth gaming and reputation-based social mechanics, and is set during a fictitious multi-national military action in North Korea. The player gains control of one of three mercenary main characters and completes contracts in the war-torn country for profit and to prevent a nuclear war. Critics gave favorable reviews to the game, in particular praising its focus on explosive mayhem.

A sequel, Mercenaries 2: World in Flames, was released in 2008 for Windows, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Following Pandemic Studios' closure in November 2009, Electronic Arts hired Danger Close Games to develop a second sequel, tentatively titled Mercs Inc. The game was eventually canceled following the closure of Danger Close Games in 2013.

Korean People's Army
The Korean People's Army (KPA; Korean: 조선인민군; MR: Chosŏn inmin'gun) encompasses the combined military forces of North Korea and the armed wing of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). The KPA consists of five branches: the Ground Force, the Naval Force, the Air Force, the Strategic Force, and the Special Operations Forces. It is commanded by the WPK Central Military Commission, which is chaired by the WPK general secretary, and the president of the State Affairs; both posts are currently headed by Kim Jong Un.

The KPA considers its primary adversaries to be the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and United States Forces Korea, across the Korean Demilitarized Zone, as it has since the Armistice Agreement of July 1953. As of 2021 it is the second largest military organisation in the world, with 29.9% of the North Korean population actively serving, in reserve or in a paramilitary capacity.
Frederic Cloutier
Frédéric Cloutier (born May 14, 1981) is a Canadian-born Italian professional ice hockey goaltender who plays for HC Merano of the Alps Hockey League.

Undrafted by a National Hockey League (NHL) team, Cloutier played for the Bridgeport Sound Tigers. He signed with their NHL affiliate, the New York Islanders on January 5, 2006, and spent the rest of the season with them.

He played for Canada at the Spengler Cup in Switzerland.

Married to an Italian woman, Cloutier obtained Italian citizenship and began playing internationally for Italy in 2016.

Bridgeport Islanders
The Bridgeport Islanders (formerly the Bridgeport Sound Tigers) are a professional ice hockey team based in Bridgeport, Connecticut. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League's New York Islanders, who own the franchise. The team started in 2001–02 season and was purchased by the Islanders in 2004. The team plays their home games at the Total Mortgage Arena.
Non-material culture
Culture consists of both material culture and non-material culture. Thoughts or ideas that make up a culture are called the non-material culture. In contrast to material culture, non-material culture does not include any physical objects or artifacts. Examples of non-material culture include any ideals, ideas, beliefs, values, norms that may help shape society.

Idea
In philosophy and in common usage, an idea (from the Greek word: ἰδέα (idea), meaning 'a form, or a pattern') is the result of thought. Also in philosophy, ideas can also be mental representational images of some object. Many philosophers have considered ideas to be a fundamental ontological category of being. The capacity to create  and understand the meaning of ideas is considered to be an essential and defining feature of human beings.

An idea arises in a reflexive, spontaneous manner, even without thinking or serious reflection, for example, when we talk about the idea of a person or a place. A new or an original idea can often lead to innovation. Our actions are based upon beliefs, beliefs are patterns or organized sets of ideas.
Members of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, 2016–2020
This is a list of members of the ninth Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, as elected at and subsequent to the October 2016 election.

1  Kurrajong Liberal MLA Steve Doszpot died on 25 November 2017. He was replaced after a countback on 13 December 2017 by Candice Burch.

2  Yerrabi Labor MLA Meegan Fitzharris resigned on 8 July 2019. She was replaced after a countback on 23 July 2019 by Deepak-Raj Gupta.

Deepak-Raj Gupta
Deepak-Raj Gupta is an Indian-born Australian politician and community leader. He was a Labor member for Yerrabi in the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly from July 2019 to October 2020.
Bảo Thắng district
Bảo Thắng is a rural district (huyện) of Lào Cai province in the Northeast region of Vietnam.

As of 2020, the district had a population of 103,262. The district covers an area of 651.98 km2. The district capital lies at Phố Lu.

Northeast (Vietnam)
Đông Bắc (literally "Northeast" from Chinese: 東北; pinyin: Dōngběi) is the region to the north of the Red River Delta in Vietnam, bordering China. It is called Northeast to distinguish it from the Tây Bắc (Chinese: 西北; pinyin: Xīběi) or "Northwest", but it is actually in the north and northeast of Hanoi, wider than Việt Bắc (Chinese: 越北联区; pinyin: Yuè Běi Lián Qū) or "Northern Vietnam". The Northeast is one of three sub-regions of Northern Vietnam (the other two sub-regions are the Northwest and the Red River Delta). Sometimes the Northeast includes the Red River Delta.
Omega Persei
Omega Persei (ω Persei) is a solitary, orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Perseus.  The star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.6. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.32 mas as seen from the Earth, the star is about 288 light years from the Sun.

ω Persei has the traditional name Gorgonea Quarta /ɡɔːrɡəˈniːə ˈkwɔːrtə/, being the fourth member of the quartet called the Gorgonea in reference to the Gorgons from the legend of Perseus.

This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III. It is a red clump star that is generating energy via helium fusion at its core. At the estimated age of 1.65 billion years, Omega Persei has double times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to about 19 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 144.5 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,586 K.

Perseus
In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: /ˈpɜːr.si.əs/ ⓘ, UK: /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty. He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon, the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles. He beheaded the Gorgon Medusa for Polydectes and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. He was a demigod, being the son of Zeus and the mortal Danaë, as well as the half-brother and great-grandfather of Heracles (as they were both children of Zeus, and Heracles's mother was Perseus's granddaughter).
Eurychone rothschildiana
Eurychone rothschildiana is a species of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It is the larger of the two species in the genus Eurychone, with a range extending from Liberia to Uganda, including Nigeria, Ghana, Gabon, Congo-Kinshasa, etc. Its growth habit is monopodial, similar to those species in the genus Phalaenopsis. The flowers are born on short raceme and the flowers themselves are 6 cm across with a very broad lip. The flowers are white with the lip exhibiting a white frilled border with a large green blotch followed by either a brown or purple throat. There is also a 1.5 cm spur attached to the flower.

Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis (/ˌfælɪˈnɒpsɪs/), also known as moth orchids, is a genus of about seventy species of plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are monopodial epiphytes or lithophytes with long, coarse roots, short, leafy stems and long-lasting, flat flowers arranged in a flowering stem that often branches near the end. Orchids in this genus are native to Asia, New Guinea, and Australia, but mostly occur in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Vincent St. Blanc III
Vincent "Vinney" St. Blanc III is an American politician from the Republican Party of Louisiana. He represents District 50 in the Louisiana House of Representatives, which covers St. Mary Parish and St. Martin Parish.

St. Martin Parish, Louisiana
St. Martin Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Martin) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana, founded in 1811. Its parish seat is St. Martinville, and the largest city is Breaux Bridge. At the 2020 census, the population was 51,767. St. Martin Parish is part of the Lafayette metropolitan area in the region of Acadiana, along the Gulf Coast.
2014 Aaha! Rara Gold Cup
The 2014 Aaha! Rara Gold Cup was the 12th edition of the Aaha Gold Cup held in Pokhara and organised by Sahara Club. 12 teams participated in the tournament. The defending champions Three Star Club have chosen not to compete. All matches were held at the Pokhara Rangasala. Due to a sponsorship deal with Him-Shree Foods (a Pokhara-based food company), the tournament is officially known as the 12th Aaha! Rara Gold Cup 2014. Which is named after its flagship product, "RARA" instant noodles.

Pokhara Rangasala
The Pokhara Rangasala (Nepali: पोखरा रङ्गशाला) is a multi-purpose stadium in Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal. It has a capacity of 18,500 spectators. The venue is located to the south of Pokhara at Rambazaar on the eastern bank of Seti river.