hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexamenus of Aetolia
Alexamenus (Ancient Greek: Ἀλεξαμενός), a general of the Aetolians in 196 BC, who was sent by the Aetolians in 192 during the War against Nabis, to obtain possession of Lacedaemon.  He succeeded in his object, and killed Nabis, the tyrant of Lacedaemon, but the Lacedaemonians rising against him shortly after, he and most of his troops were killed.

Nabis of Sparta
Nabis (Ancient Greek: Νάβις) was the last king of independent Sparta. He was probably a member of the Heracleidae, and he ruled from 207 BC to 192 BC, during the years of the First and Second Macedonian Wars and the "War against Nabis" named for being against him. After taking the throne by executing two claimants, he began rebuilding Sparta's power. During the Second Macedonian War, Nabis sided with King Philip V of Macedon and in return he received the city of Argos. However, when the war began to turn against the Macedonians, he defected to Rome. After the war, the Romans, urged by the Achaean League, attacked Nabis and defeated him. He then was assassinated in 192 BC by the Aetolian League. He represented the last phase of Sparta's reformist period.
George M. Miles House
The George M. Miles House is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Miles City, Montana, United States.  It was added to the Register on February 17, 1982.  George M. Miles was the nephew of General Nelson A. Miles.  He was a bank president and owner of a local hardware store.

It is a two-story irregularly massed Queen Anne-style house.  In 1980 juniper trees obscured the front of the house.

It was home of George M. Miles from 1899 to 1913.  Miles was involved in various businesses, including serving as president of the First National Bank from 1907 to 1929.

Juniper
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus (/dʒuːˈnɪpərəs/ joo-NIP-ər-əs) of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere as far south as tropical Africa, as far north as the Arctic, and parts of Asia and Central America. The highest-known juniper forest occurs at an altitude of 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in southeastern Tibet and the northern Himalayas, creating one of the highest tree lines on earth.
2021 Kilkenny Junior Hurling Championship
The 2021 Kilkenny Junior Hurling Championship was the 111th staging of the Kilkenny Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1905. The championship began on 26 September 2021 and ended on 14 November 2021.

The final was played on 14 November 2021 at UPMC Nowlan Park in Kilkenny, between Mooncoin and Tullogher-Rosbercon, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Mooncoin won the match by 3-19 to 3-11 to claim their seventh championship title overall and a first title in five years.

Nowlan Park
Nowlan Park (/ˈnoʊlən/; Páirc Uí Nualláin), known for sponsorship reasons as UPMC Nowlan Park, is the principal Gaelic Athletic Association stadium in Kilkenny, Ireland. Named after James Nowlan, the longest serving President of the GAA, the stadium hosts major hurling matches and is home to the Kilkenny hurling team. It opened in 1927, replacing St. James Park.
Hamza Aktan
Hamza Aktan (born 1983 in Derecik, Turkey) is a Kurdish journalist and writer.

He studied journalism and law. He is the author of a book titled Kürt Vatandaş (Turkish: The Kurdish Citizen). He has worked for several Turkish publications including Bianet, BirGün, Post Express, Nokta, Yeni Şafak, Toplumsal Tarih and IMC TV as correspondent, editor, and news director. He also has contributed to some other Turkish publications including Birikim, haysiyet.com, and Radikal.

Birikim
Birikim (Turkish: Accumulation) is a leftist magazine which has existed since 1975 in Turkey. It was banned by the military authorities in 1980 immediately after the coup. The magazine resumed its publication in 1989. It was a print magazine under the subtitle Aylık sosyalist kültür dergisi (Turkish: Monthly socialist cultural journal) until 2005 when it was redesigned as an online publication.
Panthea Boone Boggs
Panthea Grant Boone Boggs (September 20, 1801 – September 23, 1880) was the First Lady of Missouri from 1836 until 1840.  She was also a granddaughter of American pioneer Daniel Boone. She was married to Lilburn Boggs who served as the sixth Governor of Missouri from 1836 to 1840. They spent the first 23 years of their marriage living in Jackson County, Missouri. After Boggs served as governor, they moved to California in 1846 where they planned to retire, but where the former governor served as alcalde, local postmaster, and in the California state assembly.

Governor Boggs was previously married to Julia Bent, a daughter of Judge Silas Bent. They were married from 1817 until her death in 1820.

Jackson County, Missouri
Jackson County is located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri, on the border with Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 717,204. making it the second-most populous county in the state (after St. Louis County in the east). The county seats are Independence and Kansas City, making Jackson County one of 33 U.S. counties with more than one county seat. The county was organized December 15, 1826, and named for former Tennessee senator Andrew Jackson, who would become President of the United States three years later in 1829.
1959 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1959 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 50th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 25 January 1959. The championship ran from 12 April to 13 September 1959.

On 13 September 1959, Mallow won the championship following a 2–08 to 3–03 defeat of St. Vincent's in the final. This was their second championship title overall and a first title in 36 years.

St Vincent's GAA (Cork)
St Vincent's Hurling and Football Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the Blarney Street and Sundays Well parts of Cork city, Ireland. It also includes in its catchment area Gurranabraher, Churchfield and Knocknaheeny. Teams are fielded in Gaelic football, hurling and camogie. The club participates in Cork GAA competitions and in Seandún board competitions. Honours won by the club include the 1968 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship title and Premier Intermediate Football Championship titles in 2006 and 2012. As of 2024, the club was playing in the Cork Intermediate A Football Championship and Junior A Hurling Championship. The club was founded in 1943.
Dmitri Lugin
Dmitri Lugin (born April 1, 1990) is a Russian former professional ice hockey winger who most notably played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He won the rookie of the year award in the 2011–12 KHL season while with Amur Khabarovsk.

Amur Khabarovsk
Hockey Club Amur (Russian: Хоккейный клуб Амур), commonly referred to as the Amur Khabarovsk, is a professional ice hockey club based in Khabarovsk, Russia. It is a member of the Chernyshev Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Located in the Russian Far East, the team takes its name from the Amur River, and plays its home games at the Platinum Arena.
91st Arkansas General Assembly
The Ninety-First Arkansas General Assembly was the legislative body of the state of Arkansas in 2017 and 2018. In this General Assembly, the Arkansas Senate and Arkansas House of Representatives were both controlled by the Republicans. In the Senate, 23 senators were Republicans, 11 were Democrats, and one position was vacant until April. In the House, 69 representatives were Republicans, 30 were Democrats, and one was independent.

Arkansas Senate
The Arkansas State Senate is the upper branch of the Arkansas General Assembly. The Senate consists of 35 members, each representing a district with about 83,000 people. Service in the state legislature is part-time, and many state senators have full-time jobs during the rest of the year. During the current term, the Senate contains twenty-eight Republicans, six Democrats and one vacancy.
Analía Gadé
María Esther Gorostiza Rodríguez (28 October 1931 – 18 May 2019), better known as Analía Gadé, was an Argentine actress. She appeared in more than 60 films between 1948 and 2001. She appeared in the film Emergency Ward, which was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. She was born in Córdoba, Argentina, and was the sister of Carlos Gorostiza. Three years after being diagnosed with cancer, she died on 18 May 2019, at the age of 87.

1953 Cannes Film Festival
The 6th Cannes Film Festival took place from 15 to 29 April 1953. French writer and filmmaker Jean Cocteau served as jury president for the main competition.

The Grand Prize of the Festival was awarded, as the highest prize, to The Wages of Fear by Henri-Georges Clouzot.

During the opening ceremony, Walt Disney was awarded the "Legion of Honour" from the hands of Monsieur Hugues, Minister of Information of France.

The festival opened with Endless Horizons by Jean Dréville.
Particle transfer roller
The particle transfer roller, often abbreviated to PTR, is a device for cleaning motion picture film. It consists of a cylindrical roller coated with urethane, over which the surface of the film passes.

Ethyl carbamate
Ethyl carbamate (also called urethane) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2OC(O)NH2. It is an ester of carbamic acid and a white solid. Despite its name, it is not a component of polyurethanes. Because it is a carcinogen, it is rarely used, but naturally forms in low quantities in many types of fermented foods and drinks.
Kaushalyavati Devi
Kaushalyavati Devi (Nepali: कौशल्यावती शाह) or Kaushalyawati Devi was a queen consort of Gorkha.

Her father, Gundharva Sen, was a Raja of Palpa and Binayakpur. He added considerably to his lands, with the help of the Rajas of Gulmi and Kanchi. She was the second wife of King Nara Bhupal Shah, and the mother of Prithvi Narayan Shah, who was the king of unified Nepal from 1768 to 1775 C.E., She gave birth to Prithvi Narayan Shah prematurely, after 7 months of pregnancy.

Palpa District
Palpa District (Nepali: पाल्पा जिल्लाListenⓘ, a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Tansen as its headquarters, covers an area of 1,373 km2 (530 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of  245,027.

Palpa District is not far from Pokhara and easily reached by bus.  Palpa was the seat of the Hindu Sen kingdom that ruled over this region from the 16th century for almost 300 years so the headquarter of Palpa is called "Tansen" (Nepali: तानसेन).
1987 San Marino Grand Prix
The 1987 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 May 1987 at the Autodromo Dino Ferrari, Imola. It was the second race of the 1987 Formula One season. It was the seventh San Marino Grand Prix and it was held over 59 laps of the five kilometre circuit for a race distance of 297 kilometres.

The race was won by British driver Nigel Mansell driving a Williams FW11B. It was Mansell's eighth Grand Prix victory, his first (of two) at the Imola circuit. Mansell finished 27 seconds ahead of Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna driving a Lotus 99T. Third was Italian driver Michele Alboreto driving a Ferrari F1/87. The win gave Mansell a one-point lead in the championship over French McLaren driver Alain Prost.

Imola
Imola (Italian: [ˈiːmola]; Romagnol: Jômla or Jemula) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, located on the river Santerno, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. The city is traditionally considered the western entrance to the historical region Romagna.

The city is best-known as the home of the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari which hosts the Formula One Emilia Romagna Grand Prix and formerly hosted the San Marino Grand Prix, named after the independent nation of San Marino around 100 km to the south.
Naddah
Naddah (Arabic: ندة) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of Azaz on the Queiq Plain, 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and 6 km (3.7 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Nayarah 3 km (1.9 mi) to the northeast, and Yahmul 4 km (2.5 mi) to the east. In the 2004 census, Naddah had a population of 305.

Syria–Turkey border
The border between the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Turkey (Arabic: الحدود السورية التركية, romanized: alhudud alsuwriat alturkia; Turkish: Suriye–Türkiye sınırı) is  909 kilometres (565 mi) long, and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the tripoint with Iraq in the east. It runs across Upper Mesopotamia for some 400 kilometres (250 mi), crossing  the Euphrates and reaching as far as the Tigris. Much of the border follows the Southern Turkish stretch of the Baghdad Railway, roughly along the 37th parallel between the 37th and 42nd eastern meridians. In the west, it almost surrounds the Turkish Hatay Province, partly following the course of the Orontes River and reaching the Mediterranean coast at the foot of Jebel Aqra. Should Turkey, which is a candidate for EU membership, accede to the EU, Syria will be a border neighbor with the European Union.
Tom Connell (footballer)
Thomas Eugene Connell (born 25 November 1957) is a Northern Irish former footballer, who played as a defender.

Born in Newry, he played for Newry Town, Manchester United, Coleraine, Portadown and Glentoran.

Portadown F.C.
Portadown Football Club is a professional Northern Irish football club who play in the NIFL Premiership.

The club was formed in 1887 as a junior team seeking to participate in the Mid-Ulster Cup, eventually joining the Irish League with the support of other local clubs in 1924. Portadown are part of the Mid-Ulster F.A.

They are based in Portadown, County Armagh and play their home matches at Shamrock Park. The club's colours are red and white. Their home are kit consists of red shirts, red shorts and red socks with white trim on all.

The club badge shows an apple due to Armagh being the 'Orchard County', a shamrock for their home venue and location in Ireland, and a rose for the McGredy family rose growers. The red and white stripes represent Portadown railway station as the 'Hub of the North'.

The club's main rivals are Glenavon, with their matches being known as the "Mid Ulster Derby". The club also has a longstanding rivalry with Glentoran.
Sports in Chicago
Sports in Chicago include many professional sports teams. Chicago is one of eleven U.S. cities to have teams from the five major American professional team sports (baseball, football, basketball, hockey, and soccer). Chicago has been named as the "Best Sports City" by Sporting News three times: 1993, 2006, and 2010.

Chicago was a candidate city for the 2016 Summer Olympics but lost to Rio de Janeiro. Chicago also hosted the 1959 Pan American Games, as well as the 2006 Gay Games. Chicago hosted the inaugural 1968 Special Olympics Summer World Games as well as its second games in 1970. Chicago also was the host of the 2017 Warrior Games.

1913 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1913 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago as a member of the  Western Conference during the 1913 college football season. In coach Amos Alonzo Stagg's 22nd year as head coach, the Maroons finished with a 7–0 record and outscored opponents by a total of 124 to 27.

There was no contemporaneous system in 1913 for determining a national champion. However, Chicago was retroactively named as the 1913 national champion by the Billingsley Report and as a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis.

Center Paul Des Jardien was a consensus first-team selection on the 1913 All-America college football team. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1955. Other notable players on the 1913 Chicago team included halfback Nelson Norgren, quarterback Paul Russell, and end Huntington.
An Ideal Husband
An Ideal Husband is a four-act play by Oscar Wilde that revolves around blackmail and political corruption, and touches on the themes of public and private honour. It was first produced at the Haymarket Theatre, London in 1895 and ran for 124 performances. It has been revived in many theatre productions and adapted for the cinema, radio and television.

Rex Whistler
Reginald John "Rex" Whistler (24 June 1905 – 18 July 1944) was a British artist who painted murals and society portraits, and designed theatrical costumes. He was killed in action in Normandy in World War II. Whistler was the brother of poet and artist Laurence Whistler.
Fitzhugh & Byron
Fitzhugh & Byron was an architectural partnership in Phoenix, Arizona, whose partners were Lee Mason Fitzhugh (1877–1937) and Lester A. Byron (1889–1963).  The firm, along with architect Henry Trost in Tucson and George Washington Smith in Ajo, Arizona, is credited with the adobe style revival in the state.

The firm was established in 1910, when architect Thornton Fitzhugh returned to Los Angeles, leaving his brother, Lee Fitzhugh, in change of the office.  Fitzhugh & Fitzhugh, architects, was the result.

A number of its works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Roosevelt Community Church
Roosevelt Community Church, formerly First Church of Christ, Scientist, Phoenix, is an historic church building located at 924 North First Street, in Phoenix, Arizona. On August 10, 1993, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The previous First Church congregation now holds services at 830 North Central Avenue.
Wa (name of Japan)
Wa is the oldest attested name of Japan and ethnonym of the Japanese people. From c. the 2nd century AD Chinese and Korean scribes used the Chinese character 倭; 'submissive'', ''distant'', ''dwarf' to refer to the various inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago, although it might have been just used to transcribe the phonetic value of a Japonic ethnonym with a respectively differing semantic connotation. In the 8th century, the Japanese started using the character 和, wa, 'harmony', 'peace', 'balance' instead due to the offensive nature of the former.

Ethnonym
An ethnonym (from Ancient Greek  ἔθνος (éthnos) 'nation' and  ὄνομα (ónoma) 'name') is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used by the ethnic group itself).

For example, the dominant ethnic group of Germany is the Germans. The ethnonym Germans is a Latin-derived exonym used in the English language, but the Germans call themselves Deutsche, an endonym. The German people are identified by a variety of exonyms across Europe, such as Allemands (French), tedeschi (Italian), tyskar (Swedish), and Niemcy (Polish).

As a sub-field of anthroponymy, the study of ethnonyms is called ethnonymy or ethnonymics.

Ethnonyms should not be confused with demonyms, which designate all the people of a geographic territory, regardless of ethnic or linguistic divisions within its population.
D. J. B. Hawkins
Denis John Bernard Hawkins (17 July 1906 – 16 January 1964) was a British philosopher and Catholic priest.

Hawkins was born in Thornton Heath and attended Whitgift School, Croydon. He obtained his doctorates in philosophy (1927) and theology (1931) from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

He was ordained a Catholic priest in 1930 for the diocese of Southwark. He was a parish priest in Claygate in 1940 and received an honorary canon of the diocese of Southwark in 1956. Hawkins was a neo-Thomist and updated Thomism with modern thought. He was influenced by the realism of Thomas Aquinas, that the human mind can know external reality. He also defended a form of direct realism and an intuitive perception theory. In a review, William Kneale described Hawkins' The Criticism of Experience as a restatement of the Scottish common sense school.

Scottish common sense realism
Scottish common sense realism, also known as the Scottish school of common sense, is a realist school of philosophy that originated in the ideas of Scottish philosophers Thomas Reid, Adam Ferguson, James Beattie, and Dugald Stewart during the 18th-century Scottish Enlightenment. Reid emphasized man's innate ability to perceive common ideas and that this process is inherent in and interdependent with judgement. Common sense, therefore, is the foundation of philosophical inquiry. Though best remembered for its opposition to the pervasive philosophy of David Hume, Scottish common sense philosophy is influential and evident in the works of Thomas Jefferson and late 18th-century American politics.
Reštanj
Reštanj (pronounced [ɾɛˈʃtaːn], in older sources also Raštanj, German: Reichenstein) is a dispersed settlement in the hills north of Senovo in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The local church is built on a hill in the eastern part of the settlement and is dedicated to Saint Jodocus (Slovene: sveti Jošt). It belongs to the Parish of Koprivnica. It is a Gothic building that was restyled in the Baroque in the 18th century.

On a hill north of the settlement are the ruins of Reštanj Castle. It was mentioned in written documents dating to 1235. It was destroyed during the Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt in 1573 and never rebuilt.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).
Sidney Brownsberger
Sidney Brownsberger (born September 20, 1845, Perrysburg, Ohio; died August 13, 1930, Fletcher, North Carolina) was an American Seventh-day Adventist educator and administrator. He helped to develop Battle Creek College (now Andrews University) and later Healdsburg College (now Pacific Union College).

Fletcher, North Carolina
Fletcher is a town in Henderson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fletcher had a population of 7,987.

Fletcher is adjacent to Asheville Regional Airport, which serves western North Carolina. It is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area.