hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trondheim Tramway controversy
The Trondheim Tramway controversy regards the political discussion of whether Trondheim, Norway, should have a tramway.

The first debate came after the 1956 Dalsenget fire, when most of the city's tram fleet was destroyed; a proposal to replace the tramway with a trolleybus line was rejected. In 1968, the Singsaker Line was closed, and replaced by a bus route. From the merger of all bus and tram companies into Trondheim Trafikkselskap in 1974, the debate was intensified. In 1984, the Elgeseter Line was closed, but a new depot was built and eleven new trams delivered.

In 1988, the last tram line, from Lian to Lade, was terminated. The tracks in the city center and to Lade were removed, but the Gråkallen Line was kept to run heritage trams. By 1990, the trams were still not sold. Instead, the private company AS Gråkallbanen took over operations and seven trams, and have operated the Gråkallen Line since. The process cost two mayors their jobs.

Ila Line
The Ila Line (Norwegian: Ilalinjen) is tramway between Trondheim Torg and Ila in Trondheim, Norway. The line was part of the original Trondheim Tramway and opened in 1901, and replaced the horse omnibus service from 1893. The line was closed in 1988, but part of it was reopened in 1990 when the Gråkall Line was reborn. The line is the northernmost tramway in the world and is meter gauge.

The line follows Kongens Gate from Ilevollen to Trondheim Torg and was operated by Trondheim Sporvei until 1974. When A/S Graakalbanen started its tram service in 1924 it licensed the track to get to its terminus at St. Olav's Gate. In 1921 a loop was constructed around Ila Park at the end of line so the trams didn't have to change directions, though this was rebuilt to a turning triangle in 1983. In 1973 most of the departures of Ilalinjen continued to Lian. But for some years (until approximately 1975) some departures turned in Ila in the evenings and weekends.
HSwMS Loke (1869)
HSwMS Loke was the fourth, and last, ship of the John Ericsson-class monitors built for the Royal Swedish Navy in the late-1860s. Completed in 1871 she only made seven short cruises before she was permanently placed in reserve in late 1880. Funds were requested to reconstruct her in line with the other monitors, but were denied. She was listed for sale in 1908, but nothing is known of her fate.

Muzzle velocity
Muzzle velocity is the speed of a projectile (bullet, pellet, slug, ball/shots or shell) at the moment it leaves the end of a gun's barrel (i.e. the muzzle). Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the .220 Swift and .204 Ruger, all the way to 1,700 m/s (5,600 ft/s) for tank guns firing kinetic energy penetrator ammunition. To simulate orbital debris impacts on spacecraft, NASA launches projectiles through light-gas guns at speeds up to 8,500 m/s (28,000 ft/s).
Several factors, including the type of firearm, the cartridge, and the barrel length, determine the bullet's muzzle velocity.
Eyilikler gudgeon
The Eyilikler gudgeon (Gobio battalgilae) is a species of gudgeon, a small freshwater in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Turkey.

Named in honor of Süleyman Balik, for his contributions to the knowledge of Turkish fishes.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Jason Weaver (jockey)
Jason Charles Weaver (born 9 February 1972) is a former, classic-winning,  British flat racing jockey who had his major successes in the mid-1990s. In total, Weaver rode more than 1,000 winners in a career which spanned fourteen years. Since retiring he has worked as a presenter and pundit, and currently works on ITV Racing and Sky Sports Racing. Weaver is one of only seven jockeys to have ridden two hundred winners in a season, a feat achieved in 1994 when he finished runner-up to Frankie Dettori  in the jockey's championship.

ITV Racing
ITV Racing is a sports television programme produced by ITV Sport for races shown on ITV1 and STV or ITV4 in the United Kingdom. The programme is referred to as Racing on STV in Northern and Central Scotland. In its previous incarnation, the show was an essential part of World of Sport.
Kakawin Bhomantaka
Kakawin Bhomantaka is an Old Javanese Hindu Kakawin written around the 12th century. It is one of the longest Kakawins, being composed of nearly 1,500 stanzas, with a total of about 6,000 total lines of verse.

Old Javanese
Old Javanese or Kawi is an Austronesian language and the oldest attested phase of the Javanese language. It was natively spoken in the central and eastern part of Java Island, what is now Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java Provinces, Indonesia. 
As a literary language, Kawi was used across Java and on the islands of Madura, Bali, and Lombok.
Olga Stolbova
Olga Valerevna Stolbova (Russian - О́льга Вале́рьевна Столбо́ва) (born 6 April 1947) is a Russian and Soviet linguist, known for her work on the Chadic languages. She received her Doctor of Sciences in 1998. Stolbova is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and a representative of the Moscow School of Comparative Linguistics.

Chadic languages
The Chadic languages form a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken in parts of the Sahel. They include 196 languages spoken across northern Nigeria, southern Niger, southern Chad, and northern Cameroon. By far the most widely spoken Chadic language is Hausa, a lingua franca of much of inland Eastern West Africa, particularly Niger and the northern half of Nigeria. Hausa is the only Chadic language with more than 1 million speakers.
1981 strike at the Piast Coal Mine in Bieruń
The 1981 strike at the Piast Coal Mine in Bieruń was the longest underground protest in the postwar history of Polish mining, and the longest strike of the martial law in Poland. It began on December 14, 1981, one day after introduction of the martial law, and ended on December 28, when approximately 1,000 protesting miners emerged from the mine. They spent two weeks underground, including Christmas, and ended the protest after the government guaranteed their safety.

Piast Coal Mine
The Piast coal mine is a large mine in the south of Poland in Bieruń, Silesian Voivodeship, 310 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Piast represents one of the largest coal reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 150 million tonnes of coal. The annual coal production is around 5 million tonnes.
Naissoo Nature Reserve
Naissoo Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Pärnu County, Estonia.

The area of the nature reserve is 116 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1964 to protect Naissoo Oak Forest. In 2007 the protected area was designated to the nature reserve.

Pärnu County
Pärnu County (Estonian: Pärnu maakond or Pärnumaa; German: Kreis Pernau) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the southwestern part of the country, on the coast of the Gulf of Riga, and it borders Lääne and Rapla counties to the north, Järva and Viljandi counties to the east, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Pärnu County had a population of 85,705, constituting 6.4% of the total population of Estonia.

Pärnu County is the largest county of Estonia in terms of land area.
Gross value added
In economics, gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy. "The gross value added is the value of output minus the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer, industry or sector; gross value added is the source from which the primary incomes of the System of National Accounts (SNA) are generated and is therefore carried forward into the primary distribution of income account."

Goods
In economics, goods are anything that is good, usually in the sense that it provides welfare or utility to someone. Goods can be contrasted with bads, i.e. things that provide negative value for users, like chores or waste. A bad lowers a consumer's overall welfare.

Economics focuses on the study of economic goods, i.e. goods that are scarce; in other words, producing the good requires expending effort or resources. Economic goods contrast with free goods such as air, for which there is an unlimited supply.

Goods are the result of the secondary sector of the economy which involves the transformation of raw materials or intermediate goods into goods.
Ramón Delgado
Ramón Delgado (Spanish pronunciation: [raˈmon delˈɣaðo]; born 14 November 1976) is a Paraguayan retired tennis player and current tennis coach. He turned professional in 1995 and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 52 in April 1999. He reached the final at Bogotá in 1998 and the fourth round of the 1998 French Open, defeating Pete Sampras in the second round.

1998 French Open – Men's singles
Carlos Moyá defeated Àlex Corretja in the final, 6–3, 7–5, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 French Open. It was his first and only major singles title.

Gustavo Kuerten was the defending champion, but he lost in the second round to future world No. 1 and two-time major champion Marat Safin, who was making his major main-draw debut.
Tiancheng Lou
Tiancheng Lou (Chinese: 楼天城; pinyin: Lóu Tiānchéng; born 1986) is a Chinese businessman who is the co-founder and chief technology officer of Pony.ai, an autonomous vehicle technology company. He is also a competitive programmer whose achievements include winning the Google Code Jam twice in 2008 and 2009, winning the Topcoder Open Marathon in 2015 and being a gold medalist at the 2004 International Olympiad in Informatics, coming third overall. In terms of prize money won in major competitions, Lou is currently the most successful competitive programmer from China.

In 2017, Lou was included in the Innovators Under 35 list by MIT Technology Review magazine. In 2022, Business Insider named him as one of the 35 under 35 rising stars of the autonomous-vehicle industry.

Codeforces
Codeforces (Russian: Кодфорсес) is a website that hosts competitive programming contests. It is maintained by a group of competitive programmers from ITMO University led by Mikhail Mirzayanov. Since 2013, Codeforces claims to surpass TopCoder in terms of active contestants. As of 2019, it has over 600,000 registered users. On its 15th anniversary, Codeforces had a total of 1,692,402 users with at least one submission. Codeforces along with other similar websites are used by some sport programmers, like Gennady Korotkevich, Petr Mitrichev, Benjamin Qi and Makoto Soejima, and by other programmers interested in furthering their careers.
WHP-TV
WHP-TV (channel 21) is a television station licensed to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States, serving the Susquehanna Valley region as an affiliate of CBS, MyNetworkTV, and The CW. Owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, the station maintains studios on North 6th Street in the Uptown section of Harrisburg, with the building bisected by the city line for Harrisburg and Susquehanna Township. Through a channel sharing agreement with Lancaster-licensed Univision affiliate WXBU (channel 15, owned by Sinclair partner company Howard Stirk Holdings), the two stations transmit using WHP-TV's spectrum from an antenna on a ridge north of Linglestown Road in Middle Paxton Township (it is co-located with WITF-TV and is distinguishable as the unlit red and white tower; WITF's tower is unpainted and flashes strobes at all times).

Armstrong Williams
Armstrong Williams (born February 5, 1962) is an American political commentator, entrepreneur, author, and talk show host. Williams writes a nationally syndicated conservative newspaper column, has hosted a daily radio show, and hosts a nationally syndicated television program called The Armstrong Williams Show. He is the owner of Howard Stirk Holdings, a media company affiliated with Sinclair Broadcasting that has purchased numerous television stations.
The Big Town All Stars
The Big Town All Stars was a short-lived BBC radio programme that aired from March 1998—July 2001.  There were nine half-hour episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 4. It was created by Bill Dare and starred Stephen Tompkinson, Nicola Walker, Adrian Scarborough, Meera Syal, Clive Rowe and Brian Bovell.  The plot revolved around the members of an amateur a cappella group as they tried for success.

Nicola Walker
Nicola Jane Walker (born 15 May 1970) is an English actress, known for her starring roles in various British television programmes from the 1990s onwards, including that of Ruth Evershed in the spy drama Spooks (2003–2006 and 2009–2011), DCI Cassie Stuart in Unforgotten (2015–2021) and Hannah Stern in The Split (2018–2024). She has also worked in theatre, radio and film. She won the 2013 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress for the play The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time and was twice nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress for the BBC drama Last Tango in Halifax.

Her voice roles include Doctor Who companion Liv Chenka in various Big Finish audio plays (2011–present) and Eleanor Peck in The Lovecraft Investigations (2019–2023).
Nymagee
Nymagee is a small town in the north west of New South Wales, 618 kilometres (384 mi) north west of Sydney, 130 kilometres (81 mi) south west of Nyngan and 89 kilometres (55 mi) south of Cobar. It is in the Shire of Cobar, The State Government area of Barwon and the Federal Government area of Parkes. At the 2016 census, Nymagee had a population of 101.

An area, COP4, of 2,070,061 hectares (5,115,230 acres) around Nymagee has also been designated as an IBRA biogeographic subregion of the Cobar Peneplain biogeographic region.

Nyngan
Nyngan (/ˈnɪŋɡən/) is a town in the centre of New South Wales, Australia, in the Bogan Shire local government area within the Orana Region of central New South Wales. At the 2016 census, Nyngan had a population of 1,988 people. Nyngan is situated on the Bogan River between Narromine and Bourke, on the junction of the Mitchell Highway and Barrier Highway, 656 km (408 mi) south of Charleville and 576 km (358 mi) north-west of Sydney by road. The Barrier Highway starts at Nyngan, and runs west to Cobar and on through Wilcannia and Broken Hill into South Australia.

Nyngan Airport is a small airport just north of the town centre. Nyngan also lies on the Main Western railway line of New South Wales but is no longer served by passenger trains. The line remains open to freight traffic.

About 70 km (43 mi) south of the town, a cairn was erected in 1988 marking the centre of NSW.
Ramshaw, Consett
Ramshaw is a small village in County Durham, in England. It is situated to the south of Hunstanworth, a few miles west of Consett.

Lead mining was an important industry from the 1650s. The London Lead Company operated in the area from the 1700s to the 1850s when the Derwent Mining Company took over. By the 1950s mining had ceased. The mine workings area is a scheduled monument.

The house of the mine's manager still exists, and was built in the 1840s.

There have been 2 crime incidents reported in January 2025.

Consett
Consett is a town in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England, about 14 miles (23 km) south-west of Newcastle upon Tyne. It had a population of 27,394 in 2001 and an estimate of 25,812 in 2019.
Peeter Tarvel
Peeter Tarvel (until 1935 Peeter Treiberg; 11 July 1894 Vihula Parish (now Haljala Parish), Wierland County – 19 October 1953 Omsk, Russian SFSR) was an Estonian politician and historian. He was a member of I Riigikogu. He became a member of the Riigikogu on 18 October 1921. He replaced Artur Bach. On 17 October 1922, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Johannes Lehman. He was sent to a prison camp for "unsociable elements," where he died. He was the uncle of the historian Enn Tarvel.

Omsk
Omsk (/ˈɒmsk/; Russian: Омск, IPA: [omsk]) is the administrative center and largest city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia and has a population of over one million. Omsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk, and the twelfth-largest city in Russia. It is an important transport node, serving as a train station for the Trans-Siberian Railway and as a staging post for the Irtysh River.

During the Imperial era, Omsk was the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia and, later, of the Governor General of the Steppes. For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918–1920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves.

Omsk serves as the episcopal see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara, as well as the administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia. The mayor is Sergey Shelest.
Smolniki, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Smolniki [smɔlˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rutka-Tartak, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.

Until 31 December 2009 it was a part of gmina Wiżajny.

Suwałki County
Suwałki County (Polish: powiat suwalski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the Lithuanian border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Suwałki, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 1,307.31 square kilometres (504.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 35,689. It includes the protected area known as Suwałki Landscape Park.
Isa Melikov
Isa Melikov (Azerbaijani: Məlikov İsa Fazil oğlu, born 21 October 1980, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR) is a famous Azerbaijani composer and producer. He is the author of numerous musical projects, hit songs and soundtracks to movies. The list of celebrities singing his songs include leading stars of Azerbaijan as well as vocalists from CIS and Europe such as Dima Bilan, Eldar Gasimov, Nikki Jamal, Glenys Vargas, Kevin Etienne, Elli, Aysel, Gunesh, Zulfiyya Khanbabayeva, Aygün Kazımova, Elnara, Röya, Elşad Xose, Sevda Alekperzade, Manana, Faig Aghayev, Tunzala Agayeva, Zamig Huseynov, Malik Kalantarli, etc.

Dima Bilan
Dima Nikolayevich Bilan (Russian: Ди́ма Никола́евич Била́н, IPA: [ˈdʲimə nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪdʑ bʲɪˈlan]; born Viktor Nikolayevich Belan [Russian: Ви́ктор Никола́евич Бела́н] on 24 December 1981) is a Russian singer. In 2002, Bilan participated in the first edition of New Wave. At the end of the contest, he finished in fourth place. He represented Russia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with "Never Let You Go", finishing second, and he won the contest in 2008 in Belgrade, with the song "Believe".
Kurukkan
Kurukkan (transl. Fox) is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language crime comedy drama film directed by Jayalal Divakaran in his directorial debut and produced by Maha Subair. The film stars Vineeth Sreenivasan, Sreenivasan, and Shine Tom Chacko in the lead roles. In the film, Inspector Dinesh investigates the death of a social media celebrity and implicates a suspect in the case, which eventually leads to the disclosure of reality.

Principal photography began in November 2022 in Kochi and was wrapped up in December 2022. Unni Elayaraja composed the music, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Jibu Jacob and Ranjan Abraham.

Kurukkan was released in theatres on 27 July 2023 and underperformed at the box office.

Maha Subair
Maha Subair, born Subair Pareed, is an Indian film producer, predominantly working in Malayalam films. He is associated with Varna Chithra and has produced a number of films such as Meesa Madhavan, Manassinakkare, Thirakkatha, Christian Brothers.Meesa Madhavan was highest grossing Malayalam film in 2002.
Emmanuelle Seigner
Emmanuelle Seigner (French: [ɛmanɥɛl sɛɲe]; born 22 June 1966) is a French actress and singer. She is known for her roles in The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007), The Ninth Gate (1999) and Frantic (1988). She has been nominated for a César Award for Best Actress for Venus in Fur (2013), and for two César Awards for Best Supporting Actress in Place Vendôme (1998) and La Vie en Rose (2007). She has been married to Polish film director Roman Polanski since 1989.

The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (film)
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (French: Le Scaphandre et le Papillon) is a 2007 biographical drama film directed by Julian Schnabel and written by Ronald Harwood. Based on Jean-Dominique Bauby's 1997 memoir, the film depicts Bauby's life after he suffered a massive stroke that left him with a condition known as locked-in syndrome. Bauby is played by Mathieu Amalric.

The Diving Bell and the Butterfly won awards at the Cannes Film Festival, the Golden Globes, the BAFTAs, and the César Awards, and received four Oscar nominations. Several critics later listed it as one of the best films of its decade. It ranks in BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century.
Karen Ibasco
Karen Santos Ibasco (Tagalog pronunciation: [ɪˈbɐskɔ]; born December 17, 1990) is a Filipina physicist and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Philippines Earth 2017. She represented the Philippines at the Miss Earth 2017 pageant and won the title.

Mayor of Manila
The City Mayor of Manila (Filipino: Punong Lungsod ng Maynila, sometimes referred to as, Alkalde ng Maynila) is the head of the executive branch of Manila's city government. The mayor holds office at Manila City Hall. Like all local government heads in the Philippines, the mayor is elected via popular vote, and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former mayor may return to office after an interval of one term). In case of death, resignation or incapacity, the vice mayor becomes the mayor.
Engine No. 1
Engine No. 1 is an American investment firm. It attracted attention with its campaign to replace four members of ExxonMobil's board of directors despite owning only 0.02% of the company's shares. The firm describes its investment approach as "active ownership", as it prefers to work with management instead of launching activist campaigns.

The fund was founded in December 2020 and its most recent 13F filing indicated that it had $430 million in assets under management. Christopher James is the founder and chief investment officer of the firm and Erik Belz serves as President and chief operating officer. As of October 2021, the fund employed 39 staff.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.