hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington
Michael Dunlop Young, Baron Young of Dartington (9 August 1915 – 14 January 2002), was a British sociologist, social activist and left-wing politician. Young was an urbanist, known as an academic researcher, polemicist and institution-builder.

During his career, Young was influential in shaping the policy and ideology of the Labour Party. As secretary of the policy committee of the Labour Party, he was responsible for drafting Let Us Face the Future, Labour's manifesto for the 1945 general election. Young was a leading advocate for social reform, and in that capacity he founded or helped to found a number of organisations. These include the Consumers' Association, Which? magazine, the National Consumer Council, the Open University, the Institute for Community Studies, the National Extension College, the Open College of the Arts and Language Line, a telephone-interpreting business.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
2nd South Western Mounted Brigade
The 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade was a formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army, organised in 1908.  After service in the Gallipoli Campaign and in the defence of Egypt, it was absorbed into the 2nd Dismounted Brigade in February 1916.

Field Ambulance
A field ambulance (FA) is the name used by the British Army and the armies of other Commonwealth nations to describe a mobile medical unit that treats wounded soldiers very close to the combat zone. In the British military medical system that developed during the First World War, the FAs formed an intermediate level in the casualty evacuation chain that stretched from the regimental aid posts near the front line and the casualty clearing stations located outside the range of the enemy's artillery. FAs were often assigned to the brigades of a division.

The term is no longer used in the British Royal Army Medical Service. They were replaced by medical regiments (which are assigned to brigades) and field hospitals. It is however still used in the Royal Canadian Medical Service within the Canadian Armed Forces.
Oudin
Oudin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

César Oudin (c.1560–1625), French linguist and philologist

Casimir Oudin (1638-1717), French monk and bibliographer

Eugène Oudin (1858–1894), American baritone, composer and translator

Manny Oudin (born 1968), American soccer coach and player

Melanie Oudin (born 1991), American tennis player

Paul Oudin (1851–1923), French doctor

Paul Oudin
Marie-Paul Oudin (1851–1923) was a French physician and medical researcher. He was born, and later died, in Épinal.  He conducted research in the Victorian era medical field of high frequency electrotherapy, the application of radio frequency electric currents to the body, and collaborated with the founder of the field, pioneering physiologist and biophysicist Dr. Jacques Arsene d'Arsonval.  In 1893 he modified d'Arsonval's electrotherapy equipment by the addition of a wire coil resonator to produce higher potentials, inventing the Oudin coil.  This device, very similar to a Tesla coil, could produce very high voltages from several hundred thousand to a million volts.  In use, the brush discharges from a pointed electrode attached to the high voltage terminal of the coil would be played over various parts of the body to treat a variety of medical conditions.  The Oudin coil was used in electrotherapy and diathermy through the 1920s.
The Yang's Saga
The Yang's Saga (Chinese: 杨家将) is a 1985 Hong Kong historical fantasy action miniseries based on a series of novels and plays titled The Generals of the Yang Family produced by TVB. It aired from 23 to 28 September 1985 on TVB Jade, during the station's anniversary season and temporarily replacing the time slot of Enjoy Yourself Tonight.

Starring the Five Tiger Generals of TVB, the drama also featured the largest star-studded cast at the time in all of Hong Kong television history, including many of the industry's current top award-winning global television and cinematic stars.

Five Tiger Generals of TVB
The Five Tiger Generals of TVB (無綫五虎將), more commonly referred to as simply the Five Tigers (五虎), were a group of five of the most popular young leading male actors of 1980s Hong Kong television. The group consisted of Michael Miu ("Big Tiger"), Kent Tong ("Second Tiger"), Felix Wong ("Third Tiger"), Andy Lau ("Fourth Tiger"), and Tony Leung Chiu-wai ("Small Tiger"). The group was formed to collectively promote the popularity of the five members, as well as to promote the company's various drama and entertainment productions. Five Tiger Generals was a name given to them by the media. The term is a popular appellation in Chinese culture, meaning a ruler's five best military generals.
Bad Reputation (2018 film)
Bad Reputation is a 2018 American documentary film about the career of rock musician Joan Jett, directed by Kevin Kerslake and written by Joel Marcus. The documentary traces Jett's musical career from the formation of the Runaways through her subsequent partnership with songwriter and producer Kenny Laguna. Continuing with the creation of the band Joan Jett and the Blackhearts as well as the establishment of the record label Blackheart Records with Laguna, the narrative concludes with the induction of Joan Jett and the Blackhearts into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's Class of 2015.

The Runaways
The Runaways were an American rock band who recorded and performed from 1975 to 1979. Formed in 1975 in Los Angeles, the band released four studio albums and one live album during its run. Among their best-known songs are "Cherry Bomb", "Hollywood", "Queens of Noise" and a cover version of the Velvet Underground's "Rock & Roll". Never a major success in the United States, the Runaways became a sensation overseas, especially in Japan, thanks to the single "Cherry Bomb".
Colorado Springs Blizzard
Colorado Springs Blizzard were an American soccer team, founded in 2004. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2006, when the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.

The Blizzard played their home games at Sand Creek Stadium in the city of Colorado Springs, Colorado and also in the stadium at Harrison High School, also in Colorado Springs.  The team's colors were red and white.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Sport Dos de Mayo
Sport Dos de Mayo is a Peruvian football club playing in the city of Tarma.

The club was founded on 23 February 1919 and plays in the Copa Perú, which is the fourth division of the Peruvian league system.

Tarma
Santa Ana de la Ribera de Tarma, commonly known as Tarma, is a city in central Peru. It is the capital city of the Tarma District and Tarma Province, located in the Junín Region. The city has a population of 43,042 as of the 2017 census. The city is nicknamed, "Ciudad de las Flores", the City of Flowers due to its diverse flower and plant fauna.
Vera, or Faith
Vera, or Faith is a 2025 novel written by Gary Shteyngart. This comedic and dystopian novel is set in the near future. It is about a ten year old Korean-American girl named Vera living in a dystopian United States, and about how her family functions within a declining democracy. It was originally published by Random House.

The Power Broker
The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York is a 1974 biography of Robert Moses by Robert Caro. The book focuses on the creation and use of power in New York local and state politics, as witnessed through Moses's use of unelected positions to design and implement dozens of highways and bridges, sometimes at great cost to the communities he nominally served. The book was critically acclaimed, and has been repeatedly named one of the best biographies of the 20th century, and has been highly influential on city planners and politicians throughout the United States. The book won a Pulitzer Prize in 1975.
SkyCity Entertainment Group
SkyCity Entertainment Group is a gambling and entertainment company based in Auckland, New Zealand. It owns and operates five casino properties in New Zealand and Australia, which include restaurants and bars, three hotels, a convention centre and Auckland's Sky Tower.

The group was established in 1996 as the owner of the SkyCity Auckland complex. In 1998 it took over operations of the complex from Harrah's Entertainment.

The company's shares are traded on both the Australian and New Zealand stock exchanges.

Harrah's Entertainment
Harrah's Entertainment (later named Caesars Entertainment Corporation, previously The Promus Companies) was an American casino and hotel company founded in Reno, Nevada, and based in Paradise, Nevada, that operated over 50 properties and seven golf courses under several brands. In 2013, it was the fourth-largest gambling company in the world, with annual revenues of $8.6 billion. It was acquired in 2020 by Eldorado Resorts, which then changed its own name to Caesars Entertainment.

At the end of its existence, Caesars was a public company, majority owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management, TPG Capital, and Paulson & Co. and Carl Icahn. Caesars' largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2015, which led to the foundation of Vici Properties as a result.
Nagahama (surname)
Nagahama (written: 長濱 or 長浜) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hiroshi Nagahama (長濱 博史) (born 1970), Japanese animator

Hiroyuki Nagahama (長浜 博行) (born 1958), politician of the Democratic Party of Japan

Kazutoshi Nagahama (長浜 一年) (born 1969), former Japanese cross-country skier

Tadao Nagahama (長浜 忠夫) (1936–1980), director of puppet shows and animation

Neru Nagahama (長濱 ねる) (born 1998), retired Japanese idol

Hiroyuki Nagahama
Hiroyuki Nagahama (長浜 博行, Nagahama Hiroyuki; born 20 October 1958) is a Japanese politician of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, who served as vice president of the House of Councillors from 2022 to 2025.
1939 Swiss federal election
Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 29 October 1939. The Free Democratic Party emerged as the largest party in the National Council, winning 49 of the 187 seats. Due to the outbreak of World War II, there were no elections in nine of the 25 cantons; Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Schwyz, Solothurn, Ticino, Valais, Vaud and Zug. In what became known as "silent elections", a total of 55 candidates were elected unopposed.

Canton of Zug
The canton of Zug or canton of Zoug (German: Kanton Zug, Standard German: [tsuːk] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [tsuːɡ̊]; Romansh: Chantun Zug; French: Canton de Zoug; Italian: Canton Zugo) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland. It is located in central Switzerland and its capital is Zug. At 239 km2 (92 sq mi) the canton is one of the smallest of the Swiss cantons in terms of area. It is not subdivided into districts, but eleven municipalities.
Tritiated water
Water portal

Tritiated water is a radioactive form of water in which the usual protium atoms are replaced with tritium atoms. In its pure form it may be called tritium oxide (T2O or 3H2O) or super-heavy water. Pure T2O is a colorless liquid, and it is corrosive due to self-radiolysis. Diluted, tritiated water is mainly H2O plus some HTO (3HOH).  It is also used as a tracer for water transport studies in life-science research.  Furthermore, since it naturally occurs in minute quantities, it can be used to determine the age of various water-based liquids, such as vintage wines.

The name super-heavy water helps distinguish the tritiated material from heavy water, which contains deuterium instead.

Radiolysis
Radiolysis is the dissociation of molecules caused by ionizing radiation. The high-energy flux results in cleavage of one or more chemical bonds. Radiolysis is distinguished from other dissociations by the type of radiation involved: it is not photodissociation using lower-energy ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum or other high-energy processes such as an electric discharge. The chemistry of concentrated solutions under ionizing radiation is extremely complex. Radiolysis can locally modify redox conditions, and therefore the speciation and the solubility of the compounds.
Telling Jokes/Set Up
"Telling Jokes/Set Up" is the second episode of the third season of the American comedy-drama television series Louie. It is the 28th overall episode of the series and was written and directed by Louis C.K., who also serves as the lead actor. It was released on FX on July 5, 2012.

The series follows Louie, a fictionalized version of C.K., a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. In the episode, Louie joins a friend for dinner, where he is introduced to a woman as a potential date.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 1.08 million household viewers and gained a 0.6 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received critical acclaim, with Melissa Leo receiving praise for her guest appearance. For her performance, Melissa Leo won Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.

Louie season 3
The third season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on June 28, 2012 and concluded on September 27, 2012. It consisted of thirteen episodes, each running approximately 23 minutes in length. FX broadcast the third season on Thursdays at 10:30 pm in the United States. The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C.K., Dave Becky and M. Blair Breard.

Louie was created, written and directed by Louis C.K., who stars as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances.

The season received critical acclaim.
Chillits
Chillits is an annual ambient music weekend-long outdoor party, usually held every September, starting in 1999. From then through 2009, it was held at a private retreat center near Willits, California, US, and at an alternate location in Plymouth, California, US, from 2010 to 2012.  In 2013, it was held on private property in Lake County, California, and then returned to Willits in 2014 at another private retreat center.  The event later moved to the private Camp Winnarainbow venue at Wavy Gravy's Hog Farm at the Black Oak Ranch outside of Laytonville, California, where it returned to in 2022 after a hiatus due to the pandemic. There is one main sound stage, with music playing almost continuously through the weekend by many DJs and, occasionally, live musicians.  Attendance is limited to a few hundred people.  It was started by the Cloud Factory community, then expanded and took on a unique character.

Willits, California
Willits (formerly Little Lake and Willitsville) is a city in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located about 20 miles (32 km) north-northwest of Ukiah, at an elevation of 1,391 feet (424 m). The population was 4,988 at the 2020 census. Willits is at the center of Mendocino County and at the beginning of the county's extensive redwood forests as approached by Highway 101 from the south.

An arch stands in the center of Willits featuring the slogans "Gateway to the Redwoods" and "Heart of Mendocino County". The arch is the repurposed second version of the Reno Arch. Reno donated the arch to Willits in 1995.
Grafton Downtown Commercial Historic District
Grafton Downtown Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Grafton, Taylor County, West Virginia. It encompasses 72 contributing buildings and two contributing structures. They include the business and commercial core of Grafton. Most of the buildings in the district date from 1890–1920 and are generally of brick or frame construction.  Notable buildings include the Grafton Hotel and the B & O station, both built in 1911 and the Post Office built in 1913. Located in the district and separately listed is the Andrews Methodist Church.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Taylor County, West Virginia
Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,705. Its county seat is Grafton. The county was formed in 1844 and named for Senator John Taylor of Caroline. Taylor County is part of the Clarksburg, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Taraxerol
Taraxerol is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid. It exists in various higher plants, including Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae), Alnus glutinosa (Betulaceae), Litsea dealbata (Lauraceae), Skimmia spp. (Rutaceae), Dorstenia spp. (Moraceae), Maytenus spp. (Celastraceae), and Alchornea latifolia (Euphobiaceae). Taraxerol was named "alnulin" when it was first isolated in 1923 from the bark of the grey alder (Alnus incana L.) by Zellner and Röglsperger. It also had the name "skimmiol" when Takeda and Yosiki isolated it from Skimmia (Rutaceae). A large number of medicinal plants are known to have this compound in their leaves, roots or seed oil.

Alnus incana
Alnus incana, the grey alder, tag alder or speckled alder, is a species of multi-stemmed, shrubby tree in the birch family, with a wide range across the cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Tolerant of wetter soils, it can slowly spread with runners and is a common sight in swamps and wetlands.
Nation Transformation Party
The Nation Transformation Party (NTP) was a political party in Papua New Guinea.

It was established for the 2002 election by pastor Francis Apurel, who ran for the Southern Highlands Provincial seat vacated by dismissed Governor Anderson Agiru. The party repeatedly referred to the United Resources Party as their "sister party". It won two seats at the election: David Anggo in Chuave Open and Kimson Kare in Wewak Open.

The party soon dissipated, with Anggo identified as an independent by December that year and Kare drifting to the People's National Congress. It was reported in February 2006 to have merged into the People's National Congress.

Anderson Agiru
Anderson Pawa Agiru (c. 1962 - 28 April 2016) was a Papua New Guinean politician. He was the Governor of Southern Highlands Province from 1997 to 2002 and 2007 to 2012 and the Governor of Hela Province from its creation in 2012 until his death. His position had been disputed for the final five months of his life, with a December 2015 attempt to oust him by members of the Hela assembly - posthumously decided in Agiru's favour - still being determined in the National Court at the time of his death.
Jaap van der Doef
Jacobus Cornelus Theresia "Jaap" van der Doef (9 April 1934 – 15 February 2025) was a Dutch politician. A member of the Labour Party, he served in the House of Representatives from 1973 to 1981 and again from 1982 to 1986.

Van der Doef died in Vlissingen on 15 February 2025, at the age of 90.

Vlissingen
Vlissingen (Dutch: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Vlissienge) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century the roadstead of Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.

Vlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.
Queen's Quarter, Belfast
Queen's Quarter (also known as the University Quarter) is the southernmost quarter in Belfast, Northern Ireland and named after Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland's largest university. The Quarter is centred on the Lanyon Building, the University's most prominent building, designed by architect Sir Charles Lanyon, while Botanic Avenue, Stranmillis Road, University Road and Malone Road are the main thoroughfares through the area. The Quarter encompasses a region bounded by the Ormeau Road, the Holylands and Stranmillis Embankment to the east and the Lisburn Road to the west.

Holyland (Belfast)
The Holylands, The Holy Land or The Holyland is a residential area of inner-south Belfast, Northern Ireland. Composed of a series of streets behind The Queen's University of Belfast near to the River Lagan, the area has been dubbed 'the Holyland' from its street names: Jerusalem Street, Palestine Street, Damascus Street, Carmel Street and Cairo Street. The boundaries of the Holyland are generally considered to be the area between University Street, the Ormeau Road, the River Lagan, Botanic Gardens and Queen's. Originally home to many working class families, the area now has a high proportion of students, with many reports of anti-social behaviour.
Chemin de fer Châtel-St-Denis–Palézieux
The Châtel-St-Denis–Palézieux railway (French: Chemin de fer Châtel-St-Denis–Palézieux, CP) was opened in 1901, a metre gauge railway running between the places in its title — Châtel-St-Denis and Palézieux-Gare. At Chatel-St-Denis it formed an end-on junction with the Châtel-St-Denis-Bulle-Montbovon line of the Chemins de fer électriques de la Gruyère, at that time still under construction, opened to Vuadens in 1903 and by 1904 completed through to Montbovon. In that same year also a line to Vevey by the Chemins de fer électriques Veveysans opened.

On 20 December 1907, after an independent existence of just six years, CP amalgamated with its neighbour Chemins de fer électriques de la Gruyère.

Palézieux
Palézieux (French pronunciation: [palezjø]) is a village and former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Since 2012 it forms part of the municipality of Oron.