hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Havana Times
Havana Times is a Cuban Digital Newspaper and online magazine founded in 2008. The online publication is edited in Nicaragua. Most of its contributors live in Havana, Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo. There are also Cuban contributors in Venezuela, the Dominican Republic, Canada, Ecuador and Mexico and volunteer translators in the Netherlands, the United States and the United Kingdom.

Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkuβa]) is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some 870 km (540 mi) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.

The municipality extends over 1,023.8 km2 (395.3 sq mi), and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Daiquirí, El Caney, El Cobre, El Cristo, Guilera, Leyte Vidal, Moncada and Siboney.

Historically Santiago de Cuba has been the second-most important city on the island after Havana, and remains the second-largest. It lies on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In 2022, the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 507,167 people.
2023 Torneo DIMAYOR
The 2023 Categoría Primera B season (officially known as the 2023 Torneo BetPlay Dimayor season for sponsorship reasons) was the 34th season of the Categoría Primera B since its founding as Colombia's second division football league. The season began on 2 February and ended on 28 November 2023.

Patriotas won their first Primera B title as well as promotion to the top tier Categoría Primera A at the end of the season, defeating Fortaleza 3–2 on aggregate in the Grand Final. Runners-up Fortaleza were also promoted after placing first in the season's aggregate table.

División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano
The División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano (Major Division of Colombian Professional Football), also known by the truncation DIMAYOR, is an organization responsible for organizing and operating professional football leagues and tournaments in Colombia. It administers the top two levels of professional football leagues in Colombia, the Primera A and the Primera B, as well as the Colombian Superliga and Copa Colombia, Colombia's domestic football cup.
I Don't Feel Like Dancin'
"I Don't Feel Like Dancin'" is a song by American pop band Scissor Sisters. It was released in August 2006 as the first single from their second album, Ta-Dah (2006). The song was written by Jason Sellards, Scott Hoffman, and Elton John, with John providing the piano for the song. It was Scissor Sisters' first top-10 single in many countries, peaking at number one in nine of them.

Jake Shears
Jason F. Sellards (born October 3, 1978), known professionally by the stage name Jake Shears, is an American singer, songwriter, musician and actor. He is best known as the co-lead vocalist of New York City pop-rock band Scissor Sisters, who achieved considerable chart success in the 2000s before their indefinite hiatus in 2012. Since 2017, Shears has pursued a solo career; he released his debut solo studio album, Jake Shears, in August 2018 and his second album Last Man Dancing on June 2, 2023. In addition to his solo career, Shears has collaborated with several artists and made his Broadway debut in Kinky Boots in 2018.
Faddeev–Popov ghost
In physics, Faddeev–Popov ghosts (also called Faddeev–Popov gauge ghosts or Faddeev–Popov ghost fields) are extraneous fields which are introduced into gauge quantum field theories to maintain the consistency of the path integral formulation. They are named after Ludvig Faddeev and Victor Popov.

A more general meaning of the word "ghost" in theoretical physics is discussed in Ghost (physics).

Clifford algebra
In mathematics, a Clifford algebra is an algebra generated by a vector space with a quadratic form, and is a unital associative algebra with the additional structure of a distinguished subspace. As K-algebras, they generalize the real numbers, complex numbers, quaternions and several other hypercomplex number systems. The theory of Clifford algebras is intimately connected with the theory of quadratic forms and orthogonal transformations. Clifford algebras have important applications in a variety of fields including geometry, theoretical physics and digital image processing. They are named after the English mathematician William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879).

The most familiar Clifford algebras, the orthogonal Clifford algebras, are also referred to as (pseudo-)Riemannian Clifford algebras, as distinct from symplectic Clifford algebras.
Ferrari F355
The Ferrari F355 (Type F129) is a sports car manufactured by Italian car manufacturer Ferrari produced from May 1994 until 1999. The car is a heavily revised Ferrari 348 with notable exterior and performance changes. The F355 was succeeded by the all-new Ferrari 360 in 1999.

Design emphasis for the F355 was placed on significantly improved performance, as well as drivability across a wider range of speeds and in different environments (such as low-speed city traffic).

Motronic
Motronic is the trade name given to a range of digital engine control units developed by Robert Bosch GmbH (commonly known as Bosch) which combined control of fuel injection and ignition in a single unit. By controlling both major systems in a single unit, many aspects of the engine's characteristics (such as power, fuel economy, drivability, and emissions) can be improved.
Point Lonely Short Range Radar Site
Point Lonely Short Range Radar Site (IATA: LNI, ICAO: PALN, FAA LID: AK71) is a United States Air Force Short Range Radar Site located in the North Slope Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska, 84 miles (135 km) east-southeast of Point Barrow, Alaska.  It is not open for public access.

Point Barrow
Point Barrow or Nuvuk is a headland on the Arctic coast in the U.S. state of Alaska, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow). It is the northernmost point of all the territory of the United States, at 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W﻿ / ﻿71.38889°N 156.47917°W﻿ / 71.38889; -156.47917﻿ (Point Barrow), 1,122 nautical miles (1,291 mi; 2,078 km) south of the North Pole. (The northernmost point on the North American mainland, Murchison Promontory in Canada, is 40 miles (64 km) further north.)
Microsoft Script Debugger
Microsoft Script Debugger is relatively minimal debugger for Windows Script Host-supported scripting languages, such as VBScript and JScript. Its user interface allows the user to set breakpoints and/or step through execution of script code line by line, and examine values of variables and properties after any step. In effect, it provides a way for developers to see script code behavior as it runs, thus eliminating much of the guess-work when things do not quite work as intended.

Microsoft considers it to be deprecated. Also, Internet Explorer 8 comes with a different, tightly integrated JScript debugger part of the Internet Explorer Developer Tools.

Internet Explorer 8
Internet Explorer 8 or IE8 (officially Windows Internet Explorer 8) is a major version of the Internet Explorer web browser for Windows released by Microsoft on March 19, 2009 and is the successor to Internet Explorer 7. It was the default browser on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2.

It is the first version of Internet Explorer to pass the Acid2 test, the last of the major browsers to do so. (In the later Acid3 Test, it only scores 24/100.) It is the last version of Internet Explorer to support Windows XP across all editions, Windows Vista RTM–SP1, and Windows Server 2008 RTM, as well as Itanium-based processors. Additionally, it introduced a Compatibility View mode to optionally emulate older versions' rendering behavior, and color-coded tab groups where links opened in new tabs share the color of the website they originated from. According to Microsoft, security, ease of use, and improvements in RSS, CSS, and Ajax support were its priorities for IE8.
Chungju Seok clan
Chungju Seok clan (Korean: 충주 석씨; Hanja: 忠州 石氏) was one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan was in Chungju, North Chungcheong Province. According to the research in 2015, the number of Chungju Seok clan was 42811. Seok clan was born in China. Their founder was Seok Rin who was a serviceman in Goryeo during Uijong of Goryeo’s reign. Seok Rin served as military personnel. After that he was appointed as Prince of Yeseong (Hanja: 蘂城君). His descendant began Chungju Seok clan and made Chungju their Bon-gwan.

Chungju
Chungju (Korean: 충주) is a city in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Uamsan is a mountain located within the outskirts of the city.

The city is famous for the annual martial arts festival held in October, and for being the hometown of former UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon.
Horace Carpenter (priest)
Christianity portal

The Ven. Horace John Carpenter (30 July 1887 – 26 June 1965) was  Archdeacon of Salop, England, from 1945 to 1959.

Carpenter was educated at University College, London. His first post was a curacy at Christ Church, Penge. From 1915 to 1920 he was  Resident Tutor at the London College of Divinity and a lecturer in Philosophy and Biblical Theology at London University. During this period he also served as a Chaplain to the British Armed Forces. He held incumbencies at Anerley (1920 to 1929); Wrangthorn (1929 to 1935); Walsall (1935 to 1943); and Penkridge (1943 to 1945). He was Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Lichfield from 1937 and a prebendary of Lichfield Cathedral from 1938.

Hyde Park, Leeds
Hyde Park is an inner-city residential area of north-west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, situated between the University of Leeds and Headingley. It sits in the Headingley and Hyde Park ward of Leeds City Council.

The area is in the centre of the city's student community, being next to Headingley, another large student community. There are also many full-time, long-term, non-student families and single people, and a sizable South Asian community.

Before the dense speculative developments of red brick terraced housing in the late Victorian era, the area was the site of the Leeds Royal Park pleasure ground, quarries, and fields in the estate of the Earl of Cardigan. The Hyde Park name was extended to the new neighbourhoods from Hyde Park Corner on the A660, with that nucleus historically being known as Wrangthorn.
Phylogenetic profiling
Phylogenetic profiling is a bioinformatics technique in which the joint presence or joint absence of two traits across large numbers of species is used to infer a meaningful biological connection, such as involvement of two different proteins in the same biological pathway. Along with examination of conserved synteny, conserved operon structure, or "Rosetta Stone" domain fusions, comparing phylogenetic profiles is a designated "post-homology" technique, in that the computation essential to this method begins after it is determined which proteins are homologous to which. A number of these techniques were developed by David Eisenberg and colleagues; phylogenetic profile comparison was introduced in 1999 by Pellegrini, et al.

David Eisenberg
David S. Eisenberg (born 15 March 1939) is an American biochemist and biophysicist best known for his contributions to structural biology and computational molecular biology. He has been a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles since the early 1970s and was director of the UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics, as well as a member of the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) at UCLA.
Ernest Myers (author)
Ernest James Myers (born at Keswick 13 October 1844; died at Etchingham, Sussex, 25 November 1921), was a British poet, Classicist and author. He was the second son of the Rev. Frederic Myers, author of Catholic Thoughts, and Susan Harriett Myers (née Marshall). His elder brother was F W H Myers, the poet, critic and psychical researcher.

Etchingham
East Sussex portal

Etchingham is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex in southern England. The village is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Royal Tunbridge Wells in Kent and 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Hastings, on the A265, half a mile west of its junction with the A21.

The most notable landmarks in Etchingham include the Etchingham railway station, the Etchingham CofE primary school and its local amenities, such as a post office and butchers. Etchingham railway station is on the Hastings Line to London Charing Cross and Cannon Street.
Vladimir Salkov
Vladimir Maksimovich Salkov (Russian: Владимир Максимович Сальков, Ukrainian: Володимир Максимович Сальков; 1 April 1937 – 9 July 2020) was a Russian-Ukrainian football manager and defender. He was a Merited Coach of Ukraine (1975) and a Merited Coach of the USSR (1989). He is considered to be one of the most legendary players and managers in the history of Shakhtar Donetsk.

Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer Olympics
The Soviet Union (USSR) competed, for the last time before its dissolution, at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 481 competitors, 319 men and 162 women, took part in 221 events in 27 sports. Athletes from 12 of the ex-Soviet republics would compete as the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics, and each nation would field independent teams in subsequent Games.

The Soviet Union dominated the medal count, winning 55 gold and 132 total medals. It is the largest Olympic medal tally in history achieved by a non-host nation. Currently, China's and the United States' 48 gold medals in 2008 and 2012 respectively, and the United States' 126 total medals in 2024 are the closest results to the USSR's 1988 performance. The Soviet Union medal tally currently ranks fourth both in terms of gold and total medals, after the United States' 1984 performance, the Soviet Union's 1980 performance, the United States' 1904 performance, and Great Britain's 1908 performance.
Soda Zhemu
Soda Zhemu (born 4 June 1974) is a Zimbabwean politician, member of parliament and cabinet minister. Zhemu is a member of the ruling Zanu-PF party and represents the constituency of Muzarabani North.

In August 2020, Zhemu was appointed as the Minister of Energy and Power Development, replacing Fortune Chasi who was fired by President Emmerson Mnangagwa for conduct that "had become incompatible with the President’s expectations."

ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.
Rock ptarmigan
The rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) is a medium-sized game bird in the grouse family. It is known simply as the ptarmigan in Europe. It is the official bird for the Canadian territory of Nunavut, where it is known as the aqiggiq (ᐊᕿᒡᒋᖅ), and the official game bird for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. In Japan, it is known as the raichō (雷鳥), which means "thunder bird"; it is the official bird of Gifu, Nagano, and Toyama Prefectures and is a protected species nationwide.

Leonhard Stejneger
Leonhard Hess Stejneger (30 October 1851 – 28 February 1943) was a Norwegian-born American ornithologist, herpetologist  and zoologist. Stejneger specialized in vertebrate natural history studies. He gained his greatest reputation with reptiles and amphibians.
Ruhana Kuddus
Ruhana Kuddus, or Rohana Kudus (Old Spelling: Roehana Koeddoes; 20 December 1884 – 17 August 1972) was the first female Indonesian journalist, founder of the newspaper Soenting Melajoe, and an activist for women's emancipation.

Indonesian orthography
Indonesian orthography refers to the official spelling system used in the Indonesian language. The current system uses the Latin script and is called Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD), commonly translated as Enhanced Spelling, Perfected Spelling or Improved Spelling.
Kei truck
A kei truck, kei-class truck, or Japanese mini truck, known in Japan as a keitora (軽トラ 'light truck'), is a style of pickup truck built to satisfy the Japanese keijidōsha (軽自動車 'light vehicle') statutory class of light vehicles. Limited to certain size restrictions—currently no more than 3.4 m (11.2 ft) long and 1.48 m (4.9 ft) wide—they are produced by a wide range of Japanese automakers and are available in rear-wheel or four-wheel drive.

Kei trucks were first introduced in Japan in 1959 and have since been widely used throughout Asia. Since at least the 2020s, they have become increasingly popular in North America, earning a cult following for the affordability and reliability.

Rear-wheel drive
Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. 
Most rear-wheel drive vehicles feature a longitudinally-mounted engine at the front of the car.
Ruma National Park
Ruma National Park is the only terrestrial park in Kenya's Nyanza Province. Dubbed the "Last Retreat of the Roan Antelope", the park protects the only indigenous population of rare roan antelopes within Kenya.  At present, the population is on the verge of extinction with individual populations numbering approximately 40. The park was established in 1067 as Lambwe Valley Game Reserve. It was later renamed “Ruma” after one of Kenya's most powerful wizard, the much feared Gor Mahia who lived around the park (affiliated to Gor Mahia F.C.). The park is located in the vast Lambwe Valley.

Gor Mahia F.C.
Gor Mahia Football Club (/ˌɡɔːr ˈmaɪjə/ ⓘ), commonly known as K'Ogalo (Dholuo for 'descendant of Ogalo'), is a professional football club based in Nairobi, Kenya. They have won the Kenyan Premier League a record 21 times, and have also won the FKF President's Cup a record 11 times. It is the first and only team from Kenya to win an African continental title to date, having won the African Cup Winners' Cup in 1987 after previously reaching the final in 1979.

Several teams in the Kenyan football league system are closely linked to ethnic groups in Kenya; Gor Mahia are considered to represent the Luo people in the south of Nyanza Province.
1929 Birthday Honours
The King's Birthday Honours 1929 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King. They were published on 3 June 1929.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Hennie van Zyl
Hendrik Jacobus van Zyl (31 January 1936 – 1 December 2025) was a South African rugby union player.

Born on a farm outside of Ventersdorp, van Zyl learnt his rugby while in boarding school. He was a winger known for his long strides and made his provincial debut for Transvaal in 1959.

Van Zyl was capped in 10 Tests for the Springboks, scoring two tries on debut to help them to a win over New Zealand at Ellis Park in 1960. On the 1960–61 tour of Europe, van Zyl played in three of the Tests, before having to return home as his father had been killed in a lightning strike. He scored a hat-trick against Australia in his second last Test match.

In 1962, van Zyl left the Springboks to play rugby league.

Van Zyl died on 1 December 2025, at the age of 89. Until his death, he had been the second-oldest living Springbok, after Frik du Preez.

Ventersdorp
Ventersdorp is a town of about 4,200 people in Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality, North West Province, South Africa. It was the seat of the defunct Ventersdorp Local Municipality until 2016.

Ventersdorp is centrally located, making it easier to access more prominent urban towns such as Klerksdorp, Lichtenburg, Potchefstroom and Rustenburg. The township (or Location) of Tshing houses most of the town's blacks and coloureds. Tshing has a diamond mine nearby that was owned by a town councillor in the early 1990s. Tshing Location has one high school: Thuto Boswa High School. The smaller township Toevlug has Coloured residents, some of whom have attend the former whites-only Afrikaans High School after the end of Apartheid since 1995.
Perkins Building
The Perkins Building is a historic building in Tacoma, Washington, United States. The 8-story building housed the offices of the Tacoma Ledger/Daily News. It was the tallest reinforced concrete building in the Northwest and the first building on West Coast to have a basement parking garage. It was constructed with a rigid frame and brick facade in the Chicago School architectural style.

The building's size was doubled in 1909 with the addition of the southern half at 1105-1107 A Street.

The building is located at 1101 South A Street, Tacoma, Washington.

Chicago school (architecture)
The Chicago School refers to two architectural styles derived from the architecture of Chicago. In the history of architecture, the first Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago in the late 19th, and at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial esthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. Much of its early work is also known as Commercial Style.

A "Second Chicago School" with a modernist esthetic emerged in the 1940s through 1970s, which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems, such as the tube-frame structure.
Eleutherodactylus pipilans
Eleutherodactylus pipilans is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is found in southern and southeastern Mexico (south-central Guerrero to southern Oaxaca to southern Chiapas) and southwestern Guatemala.

Eleutherodactylidae
The Eleutherodactylidae are a family of direct-developing frogs native to northern South America, the Caribbean, and southernmost North America. They are sometimes known under the common name rain frogs. Formerly the subfamily Eleutherodactylinae of the family Leptodactylidae, it was raised to the family status following a major revision of New World direct-developing frogs in 2008. As currently defined, the family has more than 200 species (as of 2014, 206 or 207 species).

Eleutherodactylid frogs vary considerably in size, from the minuscule Eleutherodactylus iberia (female snout–vent length 10.5 mm (0.41 in)) to the relative giant E. inoptatus (female snout–vent length 88 mm (3.5 in)). Except for the ovoviviparous E. jasperi, these frogs have direct development:  no free-living tadpole stage exists; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.