hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thaddeus Spratlen
Thaddeus H. Spratlen (1930 - May 18, 2021) was an American economist who was professor emeritus at the University of Washington's Foster School of Business.  He was the first African American faculty member at Western Washington State College (now Western Washington University) and the Foster School of Business, and was among the founders of the National Economic Association.

Western Washington University
Western Washington University (WWU or Western) is a public university in Bellingham, Washington, United States. The northernmost university in the contiguous United States, WWU was founded in 1893 as the state-funded New Whatcom Normal School, succeeding a private school of teaching for women founded in 1886. The university adopted its present name in 1977.

WWU offers bachelor's and master's degrees and a few doctorates. In 2022, there were 14,747 students, 13,801 of whom were undergraduate students, and 664 full-time faculty. Its athletic teams are known as the Vikings, and compete in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

The main campus is on 215 acres in Bellingham. WWU also operates a marine center in Anacortes and academic locations in Everett and the Olympic and Kitsap Peninsulas. WWU is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.
Eudore Allard
Eudore Allard (27 August 1915 – 17 September 2001) was a Social Credit Party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Carleton-sur-Mer, Quebec and became a sales representative and hotel operator by career.

He initially attempted to enter Parliament at the Matapédia—Matane electoral district in the 1962 and 1963 federal elections but was unsuccessful.

Allard won the Rimouski riding in the 1972 election and was re-elected there in the 1974 and 1979 elections defeating Sandy Burgess and Eva Côté respectively. After serving terms in the 29th, 30th and 31st Canadian Parliaments, Allard was defeated in the 1980 election by Liberal party candidate Côté.

His final attempt to re-enter Canadian Parliament was made at the Rimouski—Témiscouata riding in the 1988 federal election as an independent candidate.

31st Canadian Parliament
The 31st Canadian Parliament was a briefly lived parliament in session from October 9 until December 14, 1979.  The membership was set by the 1979 federal election on May 22, 1979, and it was dissolved after the minority government of Joe Clark failed to pass a Motion of Confidence on December 13, 1979. The dissolution of parliament led to the 1980 federal election.

There was only one session of the 31st Parliament:
Jim Minshall
James Edward Minshall (born July 4, 1947) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1974 and 1975. Minshall compiled a career record of 59 wins and 53 losses with 20 saves and a 3.70 earned run average in his 290-game pitching career with the Pittsburgh Pirates, Salem Pirates, Clinton Pilots, Salem Rebels, Sherbrooke Pirates, Thetford Mines Pirates and Charleston Charlies. He began playing during the 1966 season and last took the field during the 1976 campaign. Minshall attended Newport Central Catholic High School in Newport, Kentucky.

Sherbrooke Pirates
The Sherbrooke Pirates (French: les Pirates de Sherbrooke) was the name of a Canadian minor league baseball franchise in the Double-A Eastern League representing Sherbrooke, Québec, that existed from 1972–73.  Affiliated with the namesake Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball, the Sherbrooke club played at le Stade Amedée-Roy.
Achnatherum roshevitzii
Achnatherum roshevitzii (Roshevich's achnatherum) is a species of grass that is endemic to Azerbaijan, and is only known from the Quba District. It occurs on sandy grasslands in lower montane areas. This species is threatened by overgrazing and hay making activities, and there are no conservation measures in place.

Overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature reserves. It can also be caused by immobile, travel restricted populations of native or non-native wild animals.

Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion. Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread of invasive species of non-native plants and of weeds. Degrading land, emissions from animal agriculture and reducing the biomass in a ecosystem contribute directly to climate change between grazing events.
Carl Gustav Axel Harnack
Carl Gustav Axel Harnack (7 May [O.S. 25 April] 1851, Dorpat (now Tartu) – 3 April 1888, Dresden) was a Baltic German mathematician who contributed to potential theory. Harnack's inequality applied to harmonic functions. He also worked on the real algebraic geometry of plane curves, proving Harnack's curve theorem for real plane algebraic curves.

Harmonic function
In mathematics, mathematical physics and the theory of stochastic processes, a harmonic function is a twice continuously differentiable function  where U is an open subset of ⁠⁠ that satisfies Laplace's equation, that is,

everywhere on U. This is usually written as

or
Brachycephalidae
The Brachycephalidae (/ˌbrækɪsɪˈfælɪdi/) are a family of frogs confined to eastern and southern Brazil and northern Argentina. The family is composed of two externally quite different genera: the tiny, often (but not always) colourful and plump saddleback toads (Brachycephalus) from Brazil, and the larger, slimmer and more drab genus Ischnocnema from both Brazil and Argentina. The family is mainly defined by molecular characteristics, and are linked by few anatomical features. It was erected from two genera of the previously large family Eleutherodactylidae, which is now split into four families.

The Brachycephalidae all have direct development and hatch like miniature adults rather than as tadpoles like most frogs. The members of the genus Brachycephalus are all very diminutive animals, with many species under 1 cm (0.4 in) in snout–to–vent length.

Cloaca
A cloaca (/kloʊˈeɪkə/ ⓘ kloh-AY-kə), pl.: cloacae (/kloʊˈeɪsi/ kloh-AY-see or /kloʊˈeɪki/ kloh-AY-kee), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (rectum), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, cartilaginous fish and a few mammals (monotremes, afrosoricids, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have separate orifices for evacuation and reproduction. Excretory openings with analogous purpose in some invertebrates are also sometimes called cloacae. Mating through the cloaca is called cloacal copulation and cloacal kissing.

The cloacal region is also often associated with a secretory organ, the cloacal gland, which has been implicated in the scent-marking behavior of some reptiles, marsupials, amphibians, and monotremes.
Queen's Tower, Sheffield
Queen's Tower is a house in Sheffield, lying on Park Grange Road in the Norfolk Park area of the city.  It was designed by Woodhead & Hurst for Samuel Roberts, a local cutler, as a tribute to Mary, Queen of Scots, and completed in 1839.

The two-storey building is in a Tudor style, with battlements and several turrets.  Its grounds were designed by Robert Marnock and incorporated walls and a window from Manor Lodge, where Mary had been imprisoned.

On completion, Roberts gave the Tower to his son as a wedding present.  He enlarged the structure in the 1860s.  His descendants, who lived in the Tower for several generations, included Samuel Roberts, the Member of Parliament for Sheffield Ecclesall, and his son, also Samuel Roberts, and also a politician.

The Tower was converted to flats in 2004.

Robert Marnock
Robert Marnock (1800–1889) was one of the leading Scottish horticulturalists and garden designers of the 19th century. He was considered by his contemporaries to be the best exponent of the Gardenesque school of landscape gardening.
Olympiada of Spoken Russian
The Olympiada of Spoken Russian is an annual series of state and regional competitions held for high school students of Russian in the United States, sponsored by the American Council of Teachers of Russian (ACTR). It is the oldest secondary school activity put on by this association, beginning in the 1960s. "Olympiada" means olympiad in Russian.

Vladimir, Russia
Vladimir (Russian: Влади́мир, IPA: [vlɐ'dʲimʲɪr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, 200 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. It is served by a railway and the M7 highway. Its population is 349,951 (2021 census).
Fiona McQueen (rheumatologist)
Fiona Marion Florence McQueen is a New Zealand rheumatologist, environmentalist and children's writer, and was a full professor at the University of Auckland before retiring to run a private herbalist practice in Glenorchy in Otago. She was New Zealand's first woman professor of rheumatology.

Rheumatology
Rheumatology (from Ancient Greek  ῥεῦμα (rheûma) 'flowing current') is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and management of disorders of which the common feature is inflammation in the bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs. Rheumatology covers more than 100 different complex diseases, collectively known as rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren's syndrome. Doctors who have undergone formal training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists.

Many of these diseases are now known to be disorders of the immune system, and rheumatology has significant overlap with immunology, the branch of medicine that studies the immune system.
Samayoa
Samayoa is a surname.

Notable people with the surname include:

Caesar Samayoa, American stage actor

Carlos Samayoa Chinchilla (1898-1973), Guatemalan writer

David Samayoa (born 1992), Canadian weightlifter

Edgar Godoy Samayoa (1949-2021), Guatemalan politician

Emilio Samayoa (dron 1964), Guatemalan sprinter

Fernando Samayoa (born 1989), Mexican football manager

José Carlos Pinto Samayoa (born 1993), Guatemalan footballer

José Eulalio Samayoa (1781-c.1866), Guatemalan classical composer

José Ramiro Pellecer Samayoa (1929-2022), Guatemalan Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop

Juana Samayoa (born 1948), American actress and television presenter

Nicolás Samayoa (born 1995), Guatemalan footballer

Edgar Godoy Samayoa
Edgar Leonel Godoy Samayoa (21 January 1949 – 22 April 2021) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the Minister of the Interior during the Giammattei administration from January to June 2020. He previously served as Chief of the General Staff during the Serrano administration from July to December of 1991.

Godoy died on 22 April 2021.
Cerro Chela
Chela is a volcano in Chile that was active between 3.75±0.5 and 4.11±0.25 million years ago. It is constructed on top of the 5.4±0.3 million years old rhyolitic Carcote ignimbrite. Its eruption products are mafic andesites.

The volcano was degraded by glaciation but radial ridges and red-gray rocks as well as the uniform slopes indicate that it was a symmetric stratovolcano. The Pleistocene snow line was located at 4,800 metres (15,700 ft) altitude and moraines formed on the northern, western and southern flanks. Perhaps volcanically pre-formed cirques also developed.

Cerro Chela is located south of Aucanquilcha, from which it is separated by the Portezuelo Puquíos. It forms a lineament with Cerro Carcote, Cerro Palpana, Miño Volcano and Volcan Las Cuevas that is oriented north-south.

Mafic
A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.
Mohun Bagan field hockey team
Mohun Bagan hockey team is an Indian professional field hockey team based in Kolkata, West Bengal. It participates in various tournaments conducted by Hockey Bengal. The team plays its home matches mostly at the Mohun Bagan Ground, SAI Sports Complex at Salt Lake Stadium and Howrah Dumurjola Stadium. The team has won 41 major state titles, which includes 27 Calcutta Hockey League and 14 Beighton Cup titles.

Mohun Bagan Ground
Mohun Bagan Ground, also known as Mohun Bagan–Calcutta FC Ground, is a football stadium located in Maidan, Kolkata, just opposite Eden Gardens. Due to certain restrictions by the Indian Armed Forces, who own all the land surrounding Fort William, the ground is legally leased to Mohun Bagan AC for their operations. The ground is mostly used as training facilities for the senior football team of Mohun Bagan, but also acts as the home ground in regional tournaments like Calcutta Football League where reserve team participates. The stadium has a capacity of 22,000 spectators with separate VIP box and press box. The ground is also a shared home venue of Calcutta CFC, who were the earliest tenants of the ground.
Ana BeKoach
Ana BeKoach (Hebrew: אנא בכח‎, We beg you! With your strength) is a medieval Jewish piyyut (liturgical poem) called by its incipit. This piyyut, the acronym of which is said to be a 42-letter name of God, is recited daily by those Jewish communities which include a greatly expanded version of Korbanot in Shacharit and more widely as part of Kabbalat Shabbat. Some also recite it as part of Bedtime Shema or during the Omer.

Shacharit
Shacharit [ʃaχaˈʁit] (Hebrew: שַחֲרִית šaḥăriṯ), or Shacharis in Ashkenazi Hebrew, is the morning tefillah (prayer) of Judaism, one of the three daily prayers.

Different traditions identify different primary components of Shacharit. Essentially all agree that pesukei dezimra, the Shema Yisrael and its blessings, and the Amidah are major sections. Some identify the preliminary blessings and readings, as a first, distinct section. Others say that Tachanun is a separate section, as well as the concluding blessings. On certain days, there are additional prayers and services added to shacharit, including Mussaf and a Torah reading.
Sverige (yacht)
Sverige is a Swedish 12 Metre class yacht. It was by designed by Pelle Petterson and built by Enoch & Elfstedt.

Sverige competed in the 1977 Herbert Pell Cup and the 1980 Herbert Pell Cup, helmed by Pelle Petterson. Both times it was beaten by Australia.

1980 Herbert Pell Cup
The 1980 Herbert Pell Cup was held in Newport, Rhode Island, United States in 1980. The winner, Australia, was awarded the Herbert Pell Cup and went on to challenge for the 1980 America's Cup.

In a defenders selection series that was held simultaneously, three boats competed for the right to defend the America's Cup.
Oscar M. Alcaraz
Oscar Magan Alcaráz (4 May 1953 – 30 August 1970) was a Scout and Junior Forest Ranger of Eulogio Rodriguez Jr. High School in La Loma, Quezon City.  His Scout unit, Explorer Post 14, was registered with the Quezon City Council of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines.  Alcaráz drowned at the La Mesa Dam Reforestation Project of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, the Philippine National Bank, and the Reforestation Administration when he got entangled in water plants that prevented his escape after conducting a swimming rescue of his drowning Scoutmaster. Alcaráz was the first non-military, non-President, to be buried (31 October 1970) at the Libingan ng mga Bayani, Fort Bonifacio.  He was posthumously conferred a Gold Medal of Merit (Posthumous) highest award for gallantry by the Boy Scouts of the Philippines. He was also awarded "The Presidential Merit Medal" by President Ferdinand E. Marcos on 11 September 1970 at the Malacanang Palace.

Fort Bonifacio
Fort Andres Bonifacio (formerly Fort William McKinley) is the site of the national headquarters of the Philippine Army (Headquarters Philippine Army or HPA) located in Taguig City, Philippines. The camp is named after Andres Bonifacio, the revolutionary leader of the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution.

It is located near Villamor Air Base, the national headquarters of the Philippine Air Force (PAF).
Volver (song)
Volver is a tango song created in 1934 by Carlos Gardel and Alfredo Le Pera. Gardel composed and performed the music, and Le Pera wrote the lyrics. This tango has been covered by multiple singers, including Luis Miguel, Julio Iglesias, Libertad Lamarque, Los Panchos, Elisa and Andres Calamaro.

Also singers like Caetano Veloso, Concha Buika and Dulce Pontes performed it on stage.

The title of Pedro Almodóvar’s film Volver (2006) is inspired by this tango. The song is also sung in one of the film’s scenes.

Andrés Calamaro
Andrés Calamaro (August 22, 1961) is an Argentine musician, composer and Latin Grammy winner. He is considered one of the greatest and most influential rock artists in Spanish. He is also one of the most complete artists for his wide range of musical styles, including funk, reggae, ballads, boleros, tangos and jazz. His former band Los Rodríguez was a major success in Spain and throughout Latin America mainly during the 1990s. He is multi-instrumentalist and became one of the main icons of Argentine rock, selling over 1.3 million records to date.
Leung Tsang
Leung Tsang  is an American electrical engineer, who is a professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan. He is best known for his contributions to the theory and computation of wave scattering, rough surface scattering and microwave remote sensing.

Computational electromagnetics
Computational electromagnetics (CEM), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment using computers.

It typically involves using computer programs to compute approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations to calculate antenna performance, electromagnetic compatibility, radar cross section and electromagnetic wave propagation when not in free space.  A large subfield is antenna modeling computer programs, which calculate the radiation pattern and electrical properties of radio antennas, and are widely used to design antennas for specific applications.
Dongxiang people
The Dongxiang (autonym: Sarta or Santa) are a Mongolic people and one of 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Half of the population live in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province, China. The rest are divided over Hezheng County, Linxia City, Lanzhou, Dingxi and Ningxia. According to the China Statistical Yearbook 2021, their population numbers 774,947, although research has found that the number is inflated due to Hui identifying themselves as Dongxiang for the census, in order to benefit from minority policies.

Dingxi
Dingxi (Chinese: 定西; pinyin: Dìngxī), also known as Longyou (Chinese: 陇右; pinyin: Lǒngyòu) is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Gansu province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,524,097 inhabitants, of which 422,383 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Anding urban district.
Open Theology
Open Theology is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by De Gruyter since 2015. It covers theology and religious studies. The editor-in-chief  is Charles Taliaferro (St. Olaf College).

St. Olaf College
St. Olaf College is a private liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. It was founded in 1874 by a group of Norwegian-American pastors and farmers led by Pastor Bernt Julius Muus. The college is named after the King and the Patron Saint Olaf II of Norway and is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

As of 2025, the college had 3,124 undergraduate students and 326 full and part-time faculty members. The campus, including its adjacent 430-acre (170 ha) natural lands, is west of downtown Northfield, Minnesota. Northfield is also the home of its neighbor and friendly rival, Carleton College. Between 1995 and 2020, 154 St. Olaf graduates were named Fulbright Scholars and 35 received Goldwater Scholarships.
Salubris Pharmaceuticals
Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals (Chinese: 深圳信立泰药业; pinyin: Shēnzhèn Xìnlìtài Yàoyè; SZSE: 002294) is a Chinese pharmaceutical company.

Founded in November 1998 and based in Shenzhen, it has a market cap of US$4.4 billion, 3,121 employees and annual sales of $553 million as of 2019.

Shenzhen Salubris is headed by  the billionaire Ye Chenghai.

Shenzhen Stock Exchange
The Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shenzhen, in the People's Republic of China. It is one of three stock exchanges operating independently in Mainland China, the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. It is situated in the Futian district of Shenzhen. The SZSE is the world's 6th largest stock exchange with a market capitalization exceeding US$4.4 trillion in July 2024.
Mitch Henderson
Mitchell Gordon Henderson (born August 14, 1975) is an American college basketball coach, currently the head coach for the Princeton Tigers men's basketball team. Before taking the Princeton job in 2011, he was an assistant for the Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball team for 11 seasons under Bill Carmody. Henderson was a member of three consecutive Ivy League championship Princeton teams as a player (two of which went undefeated in conference, the first tying the school record with 19 consecutive wins and the second achieving 20). He was a co-captain of the second of these undefeated league champions along with Steve Goodrich.

Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball
The Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team representing Northwestern University in the Big Ten Conference. Men's basketball was introduced at Northwestern in 1901. Since 2013, the team has been coached by Chris Collins. The Wildcats have advanced to the NCAA tournament three times, in 2017, 2023, and 2024, after being the only longstanding member of a Power Five conference to have never made the tournament. The Wildcats have won two Big Ten conference championships (1931 and 1933).
Clyde H. Wilson
Clyde Hubert Wilson (December 28, 1889 – November 2, 1959) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at Eastern Kentucky University from 1910 to 1911 and at West Tennessee State Normal School—now known as the University of Memphis—from 1912 to 1915, compiling a career college football coaching record of 11–19–2.

Wilson was born on December 28, 1889, in Bellbrook, Ohio. He earned a Bachelor of Science in Education degree from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, in 1910 and a Master of Science in education from the University of Tennessee in 1917. Wilson was appointed the head of the industrial arts department at the University of Tennessee in 1925.
 He died on November 2, 1959, at a doctor's office in Knoxville, Tennessee.

Oxford, Ohio
Oxford is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States. The population was 23,035 at the 2020 census. A college town, Oxford was founded in 1810 to serve as the home of Miami University. The city lies in southwestern Ohio roughly 4 miles (6.4 km) from the Indiana–Ohio border, approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Cincinnati and 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Dayton.