hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Butler (criminal)
Robert Butler (c. 1851 – 17 July 1905), also known as James Wharton, was a New Zealand-Australian career criminal and murderer. He was born in either Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Ireland or Bury, Lancashire, England on c. 1851. He was suspected of murdering a family of three in New Zealand in 1880, but was acquitted. However, Butler did receive an 18-year sentence on separate charges of arson and burglary. Butler was released from prison in 1896, after which he returned to Australia. He was executed for another murder in Queensland in 1905.

Bury, Greater Manchester
Bury (/ˈbɛri/, /ˈbʊri/) is a market town on the River Irwell in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 81,101 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 193,846.

The town is part of the historic county of Lancashire but has been a part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester since 1974. Bury emerged in the Industrial Revolution as a mill town manufacturing textiles. The town is known for the open-air Bury Market and black pudding, the traditional local dish.

Sir Robert Peel was born in the town. Peel was a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who founded the Metropolitan Police and the Conservative Party. There is a memorial and a monument for Peel, the former stands outside Bury Parish church and the latter overlooks the borough on Holcombe Hill. The town is 5 miles (8 km) east of Bolton, 6 miles (9.7 km) south-west of Rochdale and 8 miles (12.9 km) north-west of Manchester.
Caroma
Caroma (Caroma Dorf) is an Australian designer and distributor of bathroom products. Caroma was established in 1941 by Hungarian-born Charles Rothauser. Since closing its last factory in 2017 now sources all products from third-party overseas manufacturers.

Caroma is a subsidiary of GWA Group, and introduced the world's first two-button dual flush toilet system. The company self-distributes within Australia and, in other countries, sells through distributors such as Sustainable Solutions International in North America and Sanlamere in the United Kingdom.

Bathroom
A bathroom is a room in which people wash their bodies or parts thereof. It can contain one or more of the following plumbing fixtures: a shower, a bathtub, a bidet, and a sink (also known as a wash basin in the United Kingdom). A toilet is also frequently included. There are also specific toilet rooms, only containing a toilet (often accompanied by a sink), which in American English tend to be called "bathrooms", "powder rooms" or "washrooms", as euphemisms to conceal their actual purpose, while in British English they are known as the "loo," "water closet" or "WC", or just "toilets" or possibly "cloakrooms" - but also as "lavatories" when they are public.

Historically, bathing was often a collective activity, which took place in public baths. In some countries, the shared social aspect of cleansing the body is still important, for example with sento in Japan and, throughout the Islamic world, the hammam (also known in the West as a "Turkish bath").
Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres hurdles
The men's 400 metres hurdles was an event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. It was held from 3 to 6 August at the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys. There were 47 competitors from 35 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Kevin Young of the United States, the nation's third consecutive and 15th overall victory in the event. Winthrop Graham earned Jamaica's first men's 400 metres hurdles medal with his silver. Kriss Akabusi earned bronze, putting Great Britain on the podium in the event for the first time since 1980. The three medalists had finished in the same order in 1988, just outside of the medals that year in fourth through sixth places.

Edwin Moses
Edwin Corley Moses (born August 31, 1955) is an American former hurdler who won gold medals in the 400 m hurdles at the 1976 and 1984 Olympics. Between 1977 and 1987, Moses won 107 consecutive finals (122 consecutive races) and set the world record in the event four times. In addition to his running achievements, Moses was also an innovative reformer in the areas of Olympic eligibility and drug testing. In 2000, he was elected the first Chairman of the Laureus World Sports Academy, an international service organization of world-class athletes.
Tyloxapol
Tyloxapol is a nonionic liquid polymer of the alkyl aryl polyether alcohol type. It is used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucopurulent (containing mucus and pus) bronchopulmonary secretions, administered by inhalation through a nebulizer or with a stream of oxygen.

With intraperitoneal injection, tyloxapol also blocks plasma lipolytic activity, and thus the breakdown of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This mechanism is used to induce experimental hyperlipidemia in animals.

Tyloxapol is the main active ingredient of the medical device Tacholiquin. Tacholiquin is an expectorant designated for inhalation and instillation reaching the upper and lower airways.
Other brand names of pharmaceutical products containing Tyloxapol are Exosurf and Alevaire.

Triglyceride
A triglyceride (from tri- and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.
Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other vertebrates as well as vegetable fat.
They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver and are a major component of human skin oils.

Many types of triglycerides exist.  One specific classification focuses on saturated and unsaturated types. Saturated fats have no C=C groups; unsaturated fats feature one or more C=C groups. Unsaturated fats tend to have a lower melting point than saturated analogues; as a result, they are often liquid at room temperature.
I'm Going Away
I'm Going Away is The Fiery Furnaces' seventh album.  It was released, on CD and LP, on July 21, 2009 in the US and August 24, 2009 in the UK.

The CD version was presented in a 4 panel mini-LP style jacket.

The LP version was pressed on high quality 180 gram virgin vinyl at RTI and was presented in an old-style tip-on gatefold jacket with MP3 download coupon.

Matthew Friedberger
Matthew Friedberger (born October 21, 1972, in Oak Park, Illinois, United States) is an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist best known for his work in the indie rock duo the Fiery Furnaces with his sister Eleanor Friedberger.
2025 ATP Hong Kong Tennis Open
The 2025 ATP Hong Kong Tennis Open (also known as the Bank of China Hong Kong Tennis Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 29th edition of the ATP Hong Kong Open, and part of the ATP 250 tournaments on the 2025 ATP Tour. It took place at the Victoria Park Tennis Stadium in Hong Kong, from 30 December 2024 to 5 January 2025.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
No, Not Me, Never
No, Not Me, Never is the debut studio album by American indie rock band The Photo Atlas. The album was released in 2006 on the Morning After Records label but later re-released on 6 March 2007 on the Stolen Transmission record label. The song "Red Orange Yellow" was featured in video games Burnout Dominator and Burnout Paradise.

Burnout Dominator
Burnout Dominator is a 2007 racing video game developed by EA UK and published by Electronic Arts for PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. It retains the core gameplay of the series, as players race at top speeds through dozens of World Tour events testing "reckless skill-based" driving techniques.

This is the only Burnout game that was not developed by Criterion Games although the logo appears at the startup, and the first Burnout game in the series since Burnout 2: Point of Impact to not feature the "Crash Mode". At the time Dominator was being developed, Criterion was busy working on Burnout Paradise and was waiting to reintroduce the mode in a new form for the latter title, but Criterion Games are listed as "the makers of this game" in the game manual and credited as developer on the official Electronic Arts site. This was also the final Burnout game to be released on both the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable.
Markus Eurén
Markus Eurén (born 19 April 1978) is a keyboard musician, currently playing in the Finnish pagan metal band Moonsorrow.  He is also featured in their grindcore side project, Lakupaavi.

Markus plays using Korg Triton Extreme and N364 keyboards.

His idols are singer Matti Kärki and 19th-century military leader C.G.E. Mannerheim, and favorite bands and albums include Vreid - Kraft, Demoniac - The Fire and the Wind, Satyricon - The Shadowthrone, Dismember - Death Metal.

Korg Triton
The Korg Triton is a music workstation synthesizer, featuring digital sampling and sequencing, released in 1999. It uses Korg's "HI (Hyper Integrated) Synthesis" system and was eventually available in several model variants with numerous upgrade options. The Triton became renowned as a benchmark of keyboard technology, and has been widely featured in music videos and live concerts. At the NAMM Show in 2007, Korg announced the Korg M3 as its successor.
Student accommodation
Student accommodation is a building or buildings used to house students, particularly in higher education. These are known by different names around the world, such as halls of residence, residence halls, accommodation blocks (particularly within residential colleges) or student hostels. Student accommodation may be managed by educational institutions, religious bodies or other charities, student associations, private companies, or agencies of local or national governments.

University Grants Committee (United Kingdom)
University Grants Committee was an advisory committee of the British government, which advised on the distribution of grant funding amongst the British universities. It was in existence from 1919 until 1989. Its functions have now largely been taken over by the higher education funding councils (OfS and UKRI in England, SFC in Scotland, HEFCW in Wales, and Department for the Economy in Northern Ireland).
Automobile Club of Buffalo
Automobile Club of Buffalo is a historic clubhouse located at Clarence in Erie County, New York.  It was designed by the architectural firm of Esenwein & Johnson and built in 1910–1911 in the Craftsman style.  It is a two-story, Y-shaped, wood-frame building with a low hipped roof and broad eaves. The building measures 184 feet long and 32 feet wide. It features a deep porte cochere, semicircular two-story tower, broad verandah, enclosed one-story porch, and two exposed chimneys.  Also on the property is a contributing storage shed. The property was sold to the Town of Clarence in 1957, and is used as a town park.  The Automobile Club of Buffalo joined the American Automobile Association in 1903, one of its earliest affiliates.  The clubhouse was built to promote membership in the Automobile Club of Buffalo, and was one of only six country clubs built by similar organizations in the United States.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Country club
A country club is a privately owned club, often with a membership quota and admittance by invitation or sponsorship, that generally offers both a variety of recreational sports and facilities for dining and entertaining.  Typical athletic offerings are golf, tennis, and swimming. Where golf is the principal or sole sporting activity, and especially outside of the United States and Canada, it is common for a country club to be referred to simply as a golf club. Many country clubs offer other new activities such as pickleball, and platform tennis.

Country clubs are most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, because of the need for substantial grounds for outdoor activities.  This factor distinguishes them from an urban athletic club.

Country clubs originated in Scotland and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s. Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding suburbanization and are considered to be the precursor to gated community development.
Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands
The Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI), also known as Operation Helpem Fren, Operation Anode and Operation Rata (by New Zealand), began in 2003 in response to a request for international aid by the Governor-General of Solomon Islands. Helpem Fren means "help a friend" in Solomon Islands Pidgin. The mission officially ended on 30 June 2017.

Pijin
Pijin (Solomonese Pidgin) is a language spoken in Solomon Islands. It is closely related to Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea and Bislama of Vanuatu; the three varieties are sometimes considered to be dialects of a single Melanesian Pidgin language. It is also related to Torres Strait Creole of Torres Strait, though more distantly.

In 1999 there were 307,000 second- or third-language speakers with a literacy rate in first language of 60% and literacy rate in second language of 50%.
Ductus arteriosus
The ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, named after the Italian physiologist Leonardo Botallo, is a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs. Upon closure at birth, it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.

Leonardo Botallo
Leonardo Botallo or Leonardi Botalli Astensis in Latin (1530 – c. 1587) was an Italian anatomist who is remembered in the eponymous foramen Botalli which allows blood in the fetal heart of humans to move from the left to the right atrium and the ductus Botalli connecting the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta although both are now thought to be incorrectly attributed to him as these were added in posthumous editions of his work. He published several treatises including De curandis vulneribus sclopettorum (1560) which examined gunshot wounds and questioned the contemporary theory that gunshot wounds were to be treated as if they were poisoned.
Leila Khan
Leila Khan (Urdu: لیلہ خان) is a Pakistani politician who served as Minister of State for Federal Education and Professional Training, in Abbasi cabinet from April 2018 to May 2018. She had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from June 2013 to May 2018.

Abbasi government
The Abbasi government was formed by Shahid Khaqan Abbasi on 4 August 2017 to begin a new government following the disqualification  of former Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif until the end of May 2018 when justice Nasirul Mulk took oath as new caretaker prime minister. The government, a Pakistan Muslim League (N) majority government, succeeded the third Nawaz Sharif government, which was formed following the 2013 general election and had dissolved in the July 2017 after  Nawaz Sharif was disqualification by the Supreme Court of Pakistan to hold the office of Prime Minister.

The government retained relatively the same cabinet as the one prior, composed mostly of Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians, while continuing the policies of the previous Prime minister, Nawaz Sharif, while still making policy changes.
Parable of the Sunfish
"The Parable of the Sunfish" is an anecdote with which Ezra Pound opens ABC of Reading, a 1934 work of literary criticism. Pound uses this anecdote to emphasize an empirical approach for learning about art, in contrast to relying on commentary rooted in abstraction. While the parable is based on students' recollections of Louis Agassiz's teaching style, Pound's retelling diverges from these sources in several respects. The parable has been used to illustrate the benefits of scientific thinking, but more recent literary criticism has split on whether the parable accurately reflects the scientific process and calls into question Pound's empirical approach to literature.

Samuel Hubbard Scudder
Samuel Hubbard Scudder (April 13, 1837 – May 17, 1911) was an American entomologist and paleontologist. He was a leading figure in entomology during his lifetime and the founder of insect paleontology in America. In addition to fossil insects, he was an authority on butterflies (Lepidoptera) and grasshoppers (Orthoptera).
Tarmo Uustalu
Tarmo Uustalu (born 19 January 1969) is an Estonian computer scientist. He is a professor in the School of Computer Science at Reykjavík University and a lead research scientist at the Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech). At TalTech he heads the High-assurance Software Laboratory. Uustalu has been a member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences since 2010.

Uustalu received the Estonian National Research Award in 2015 for a research series on mathematical structures in functional programming. In 2019 he was awarded the Order of the White Star, III class.

Reykjavík University
Reykjavík University (RU; Icelandic: Háskólinn í Reykjavík, pronounced [ˈhauːˌskouːlɪn iː ˈreiːcaˌviːk], lit. 'The University in Reykjavík') is the largest private university in Iceland with approximately 3,300 students. It is chartered by the Chamber of Commerce, the Federation of Icelandic Industries, and the Confederation of Icelandic Employers.

The university consists of seven academic departments in two schools. Within the School of Social Sciences are: the Department of Law, Department of Business Administration, Department of Sport Science, and Department of Psychology. Within the School of Technology are the Department of Computer Science, Department of Engineering, and Department of Applied Engineering. The university is bilingual (English and Icelandic).
Ziyaret, Ovacık
Ziyaret (Kurdish: Jare) is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Alevi Kurds of the Maksudan tribe and had a population of 138 in 2021.

The hamlet of Saçaklı is attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
Salvage ethnography
Salvage ethnography is the recording of the practices and folklore of cultures threatened with extinction, including as a result of modernization and assimilation. It is generally associated with the American anthropologist Franz Boas; he and his students aimed to record vanishing Native American cultures. Since the 1960s, anthropologists have used the term as part of a critique of 19th-century ethnography and early modern anthropology.

Jean Rouch
Jean Rouch (French: [ʁuʃ]; 31 May 1917 – 18 February 2004) was a French filmmaker and anthropologist.

He is considered one of the founders of cinéma vérité in France. Rouch's practice as a filmmaker, for over 60 years in Africa, was characterized by the idea of shared anthropology. 
Influenced by his discovery of surrealism in his early twenties, many of his films blur the line between fiction and documentary, creating a new style: ethnofiction. The French New Wave filmmakers hailed Rouch as one of their own.

Commenting on Rouch's work as someone "in charge of research for the Musée de l'Homme" in Paris, Godard said, “Is there a better definition for a filmmaker?".
Joel Thompson (rugby league)
Joel Thompson (born 24 August 1988) is a retired Australian professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward for St Helens in the Super League, and for the Canberra Raiders, St George Illawarra Dragons and the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles in the National Rugby League (NRL). Thompson has played for the Indigenous All stars and NSW Country Origin side at representative level, and played as a centre in the NRL earlier in his career.

Newcastle International Sports Centre
Newcastle International Sports Centre, currently known as McDonald Jones Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose sports stadium located in Newcastle, Australia. The ground is home to the Newcastle Knights (National Rugby League) and Newcastle Jets FC (A-League). It is owned by the Government of New South Wales and is administered by Venues NSW. Due to past sponsorship deals, the ground has been previously known as Marathon Stadium, EnergyAustralia Stadium, Ausgrid Stadium and Hunter Stadium. Newcastle International Sports Centre is also known as Newcastle Stadium when in use during AFC competitions due to conflicting sponsorship reasons.
Tibbee, Mississippi
Tibbee, also known as Tibbee Station, is an unincorporated community located in Clay County, Mississippi, United States. Tibbee is approximately 7 miles (11 km) east of Osborn and approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Mayhew.

The community was named after Tibbee Creek. Tibbee is located on the former Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad. Tibbee was once home to five stores and a school. The one-room schoolhouse, Tibbee School, was first built in 1861 and has since been restored. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

A post office operated under the name Tibbee Station from 1858 to 1937.

Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad
The Gulf, Mobile and Ohio (reporting mark GMO) was a Class I railroad in the central United States whose primary routes extended from Mobile, Alabama, and New Orleans, Louisiana, to  St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri, as well as Chicago, Illinois. From its two parallel lines through eastern Mississippi, the GM&O also served Montgomery and Birmingham, Alabama, as well as Memphis, Tennessee.
Jeroen Groenendijk
Jeroen Antonius Gerardus Groenendijk (Dutch pronunciation: [jəˈruŋ ˈɣrunə(n)dɛik]; 20 July 1949 – 17 October 2023) was a Dutch logician, linguist and philosopher, working on the philosophy of language, formal semantics, pragmatics.

Groenendijk wrote a joint Ph.D. dissertation with Martin Stokhof on the formal semantics of questions, under the supervision of Renate Bartsch and Johan van Benthem. He was also an important figure in the development of dynamic semantics (together with Stokhof, Veltman and others, following earlier work by Irene Heim and Hans Kamp). His later work was mainly focused on studying and developing the recently founded framework of inquisitive semantics.

He was briefly the director of the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC) at the University of Amsterdam and a member of the group collectively publishing under the pseudonym L. T. F. Gamut.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.