hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrondissement of Lens
The arrondissement of Lens is an arrondissement of northern France in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 50 communes. Its population is 369,427 (2021), and its area is 351.5 km2 (135.7 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
2018 Monte-Carlo Masters – Doubles
Rohan Bopanna and Pablo Cuevas were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Bopanna played alongside Édouard Roger-Vasselin, but lost in the semifinals to Oliver Marach and Mate Pavić. Cuevas teamed up with Marcel Granollers, but lost in the quarterfinals to Bob and Mike Bryan.

The Bryan brothers went on to win the title, beating Marach and Pavić in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–3.

Oliver Marach
Oliver Marach (born 16 July 1980) is a former Austrian professional tennis player who primarily specialised in doubles.

He achieved his highest singles ranking of world No. 82 in August 2005, but achieved most of his success in doubles where he reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 2 on 28 May 2018.  Marach won his only Grand Slam title at the 2018 Australian Open, partnering Mate Pavić, and the pair also finished runners-up at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 French Open. He and Pavić were the 2018 ATP Doubles Team of the year. In mixed doubles, he has reached three Grand Slam semifinals.

He has represented Austria in the Davis Cup since 2003, and also played at the 2016 Olympic Games alongside Alexander Peya. In 2021, in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, he partnered with Philipp Oswald.

Marach retired from professional tennis in December 2022.
Nganwa High School
Nganwa High School is a government-aided, boys-only, boarding secondary school located in Sheema Municipality, Sheema District, in the Western Region of Uganda.

Originally founded in 1967 as a mixed school named Kabwohe Secondary School, the institution was restructured in 1998. The boys' section was renamed Nganwa High School in honour of the former Prime Minister (Enganzi) of the Ankole kingdom, Kesi K. Muha Nganwa, while the girls' section became the separate Masheruka Girls' Secondary School. The school is affiliated with the Church of Uganda and is known for its academic record and prominent alumni.

Asan Kasingye
Asan Kasingye is a former Uganda Police Force officer at a Rank of Assistant Inspector General of Police. He was serving as the force's Political Commissar, is a former police spokesperson and Interpol boss and currently is the SC Villa spokesperson and also the Managing Director to Tayari Security Company.
Nicholas Lim (entrepreneur)
Nicholas Lim (born 1997 or 1998) is a technology entrepreneur and software developer based in Vancouver, Washington. Lim and his companies provide services to alt-tech, far-right and neo-Nazi websites, such as The Daily Stormer, a neo-Nazi message board website, 8chan, the home of the far-right QAnon conspiracy theory, and Kiwi Farms, a harassment and anti-trans forum. In 2017, Lim founded BitMitigate, a website security company which in 2019 was acquired by Epik, an America based registrar and hosting company  company. In 2019 he founded VanwaTech, a webhosting and website security company.

Vancouver, Washington
Vancouver (/væn.ˈkuː.vər/ ⓘ van-KOO-vər) is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States, located on the north bank of the Columbia River. It had a population of 190,915 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth-most populous city in Washington. Founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1857, the city was originally established around Fort Vancouver, a fur trading outpost, and is situated directly north of Portland, Oregon, along the Washington–Oregon state line. Vancouver serves as the county seat of Clark County and is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
Crnče, Jagodina
Crnče is a village in the municipality of Jagodina, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 248 people.

During the First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813), the knez Miloje from the village was active in the area; he accompanied vojvoda Mladen Milovanović and vojvoda Jovan Jakovljević to take over Kruševac in 1806.

Mladen Milovanović
Mladen Milovanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Младен Миловановић; c. 1760 – 1823) was a Serbian merchant and politician who served as the prime minister of Serbia from 1807 to 1810. A notable voivode during the First Serbian Uprising, he briefly served as a representative in the cabinet of Matija Nenadović and was the first minister of defence from 1811 to 1813.
Kulm (Saalfeld)
The Kulm is a hill, 481.9 m above sea level (NHN), near Saalfeld in the German state of Thuringia. It lies east of the Saale valley at the western tip of the Saale 'Knee' and is the local hill of the towns of Saalfeld and Rudolstadt. From the Kulm there is a panoramic view over the valleys of the Saale and Rinne, the Orla Basin, the Thuringian Highland and the Ilm-Saale Plateau. Near the Kulm are the villages of Schloßkulm and Dorfkulm, which belong to the municipalities of Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel and Unterwellenborn respectively.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Chartiers (Pittsburgh)
Chartiers (sometimes called Chartiers City) is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's West End.  It has a zip code of 15204, and has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 2 (West Neighborhoods). The neighborhood was named after Peter Chartier, a trapper of French and Native American parentage who established a trading post at the mouth of Chartiers Creek in 1743.

Chartiers Creek
Chartiers Creek is a tributary of the Ohio River in Western Pennsylvania in the United States. The creek was named after Peter Chartier, a trapper of French and Native American parentage who established a trading post at the mouth of the creek in 1743.
Martin Holt
Martin Drummond Vesey Holt (13 January 1881 – 2 November 1956) was a British fencer. He won two silver medals in the team épée competitions at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics. In 1920 and 1923, he won the épée title at the British Fencing Championships.

British Fencing Championships
The British Fencing Championships are held annually to determine the British champion. The Championships are currently held at the English Institute of Sport, Sheffield or the Lee Valley Athletics Centre. These championships (known as the Nationals) are not to be confused with a new Championship introduced in 2023 called the British Open Championships, where any athlete can compete and are not restricted to British athletes.

The championships were not held during World War I, World War II and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Biatorbágy
Biatorbágy (German: Wiehall-Kleinturwall) is a town in Pest County, Budapest metropolitan area, Hungary. It has a population of 13,889 (2019). It was created in 1966 by the merger of Bia (German: Wiehall) and Torbágy (German: Kleinturwall).

Pest County
Pest (Hungarian: Pest vármegye, pronounced [ˈpɛʃt]; German: Komitat Pest) is a county (vármegye) in central Hungary. It covers an area of 6,393.14 square kilometres (2,468.41 sq mi), and has a population of 1,339,090 (2023). The suburbs of Budapest surrounds the national capital Budapest and is the county's largest administrative unit (13.8%/1.3 million in 2013). It shares borders with Slovakia and the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Bács-Kiskun, Fejér, and Komárom-Esztergom. The River Danube flows through the county. The capital of Pest County is Budapest, although Budapest is not part of Pest County. Starting 2018, they also constitute different NUTS:HU level 2 regions, as previously Pest County has lost catch-up aids from the European Union because of the high development of Budapest.
Newton Project
The Newton Project is an academic digital humanities project based at the University of Oxford that transcribes, digitises, contextualises, and makes publicly accessible the work of Isaac Newton. The project originated in 1998 and it has been undertaken in close collaboration with Cambridge University Digital Library, the National Library of Israel, the Chymistry of Isaac Newton Project at Indiana University Bloomington, and the Newton Project Canada at the University of King's College.

National Library of Israel
The National Library of Israel (NLI; Hebrew: הספרייה הלאומית, romanized: HaSifria HaLeumit; Arabic: المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل), formerly Jewish National and University Library (JNUL; Hebrew: בית הספרים הלאומי והאוניברסיטאי, romanized: Beit Ha-Sfarim Ha-Le'umi ve-Ha-Universita'i), is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage. The library holds more than 5 million books, and is located in the Government complex (Kiryat HaMemshala) near the Knesset.

The National Library owns the world's largest collections of Hebraica and Judaica, and is the repository of many rare and unique manuscripts, books and artifacts.
Policide
In political science, policide describes the intentional destruction of an independent political or social entity. Sometimes, the related word "politicide" is used in this meaning. The term is used with some regularity within political science, generally to refer to a policy of destruction that falls short of genocide or ethnocide.

Agency (sociology)
In social science, agency is the capacity of individuals to have the power and resources to fulfill their potential. Social structure consists of those factors of influence (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, ability, customs, etc.) that determine or limit  agents and their decisions. The influences from structure and agency are debated—it is unclear to what extent a person's actions are constrained by social systems.

One's agency is one's independent capability or ability to act on one's  will. This ability is affected by the cognitive belief structure which one has formed through one's experiences, and the perceptions held by the society and the individual, of the structures and circumstances of the environment one is in and the position one is born into. Disagreement on the extent of one's agency often causes conflict between parties, e.g. parents and children.
Susukw
Susukw was a Kwakwaka'wakw village on the south side of Gilford Island, facing Gilford Bay in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada.  The village site, which is to the east of Port Elizabeth, was a fishing, gardening and timber harvesting site for the Mamalilikulla subgroup of the Kwakwaka'wakw.

British Columbia Coast
The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. As the entire western continental coastline of Canada along the Pacific Ocean is in the province, it is synonymous with being the West Coast of Canada.

While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the region is generally defined to include the 15 regional districts that have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea, or are part of the Lower Mainland, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast. Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, such as those of the aforementioned Lower Mainland.
Arrondissement of La Tour-du-Pin
The arrondissement of La Tour-du-Pin is an arrondissement of France in the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has 136 communes. Its population is 315,625 (2021), and its area is 1,543.1 km2 (595.8 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Clingman (surname)
Clingman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Billy Clingman (1869–1958), American baseball player

Gary L. Clingman (born 1951), American judge

Thomas Lanier Clingman (1812–1897), American politician

Billy Clingman
William Frederick Clingman (November 21, 1869 – May 14, 1958) was an American Major League Baseball infielder from 1890-1903. He played for the Cincinnati Reds, Cincinnati Kelly's Killers, Pittsburgh Pirates, Louisville Colonels, Chicago Orphans, Cleveland Naps, and Washington Senators.
PySide
PySide is a Python binding of the cross-platform GUI toolkit Qt developed by The Qt Company, as part of the Qt for Python project. It is one of the alternatives to the standard library package Tkinter. Like Qt, PySide is free software. PySide supports Linux/X11, macOS, and Microsoft Windows. The project can also be cross compiled to embedded systems like Raspberry Pi, and Android devices.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Thayamangalam
Thayamangalam is a small town in the Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town is located 68 km from Madurai and 18 km away from Manamadurai and 25 km away from the district capital Sivaganga. The village is home for the Infamous Arulmigu Muthu Mari Amman Temple. This village comes under the Ilaiyankudi block.

Ilaiyankudi block
Ilaiyankudi block is a revenue block in the Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 52 panchayat villages.Ilayangudi is a Tehsil / Block (CD) in the Sivaganga District of Tamil Nadu. According to Census 2011 information the sub-district code of Ilayangudi block is 05834. Total area of Ilayangudi is 409 km2 including 391.88 km2 rural area and 16.86 km2 urban area. Ilayangudi has a population of 1,09,267 peoples. There are 28,395 houses in the sub-district. There are about 52 villages in Ilayangudi block. The village names are:
Julius Moravcsik
Julius Matthew Emil Moravcsik (Hungarian: Moravcsik M. Gyula; 26 April 1931 – 3 June 2009) was a Hungarian-American philosopher who specialized in ancient Greek philosophy.

His main professional interests were in Greek philosophy – especially Plato, Aristotle, and the pre-Socratic philosophers. He also made important contributions to the philosophy of language, aesthetics, metaphysics, and ethics. In particular, he was engaged by the notion of friendship.

Friendship
Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between people. It is a stronger form of interpersonal bond than an "acquaintance" or an "association", such as a classmate, neighbor, coworker, or colleague.

Although there are many forms of friendship, certain features are common to many such bonds, such as choosing to be with one another, enjoying time spent together, and being able to engage in a positive and supportive role to one another.

Sometimes friends are distinguished from family, as in the saying "friends and family", and sometimes from lovers (e.g., "lovers and friends"), although the line is blurred with friends with benefits (see also unrequited love).

Friendship has been studied in academic fields, such as communication, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and philosophy. Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, including social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles.
Little Warrior River
Little Warrior River is a 7-mile-long (11 km) river in Blount County, Alabama.  It is a tributary of the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River. The Little Warrior River forms near the town of Locust Fork at the confluence of the Calvert Prong and the Blackburn Fork.

Blount County, Alabama
Blount County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 59,134. Its county seat is Oneonta.

Blount County is a moist county. In the November 6, 2012 elections, a countywide ballot initiative to allow alcohol sales was narrowly defeated, but Blountsville, Cleveland and Oneonta have allowed for the sale of alcohol since 2013.

Blount County has been dubbed the "Covered Bridge Capital of Alabama" since it has more historic covered bridges standing within a single county than any other in the state - with earlier covered bridges known of. This county celebrates the Covered Bridge Festival every autumn in Oneonta to commemorate its three remaining covered bridges.
Meertens number
In number theory and mathematical logic, a Meertens number in a given number base  is a natural number that is its own Gödel number. It was named after Lambert Meertens by Richard S. Bird as a present during the celebration of his 25 years at the CWI, Amsterdam.

Radix
In a positional numeral system, the radix (pl. radices) or base is the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers. For example, for the decimal system (the most common system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9.

In any standard positional numeral system, a number is conventionally written as (x)y with x as the string of digits and y as its base.  For base ten, the subscript is usually assumed and omitted (together with the enclosing parentheses), as it is the most common way to express value. For example, (100)10 is equivalent to  100 (the decimal system is implied in the latter) and represents the number one hundred, while (100)2 (in the binary system with base 2) represents the number four.
Canggal inscription
The Canggal inscription is a Sanskrit inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The inscription is written in the Pallava alphabet. The inscription documents an edict of Sanjaya, in which he declared himself the universal ruler of the Mataram kingdom.

Magelang Regency
Magelang (Javanese: ꦩꦒꦼꦭꦁ) is a regency in Central Java, Indonesia, famous for its 9th century Buddhist temple of Borobudur. Its capital is Mungkid. It covers an area of 1,129.98 km2 and had a population of 1,181,723 at the 2010 Census and 1,299,859 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,341,447 (comprising 674,347 males and 667,100 females). These figures exclude the autonomous city of Magelang, which is separately administered but is geographically enclaved within the regency, which borders Temanggung Regency to the north, Semarang Regency to the northeast, Boyolali Regency to the east, the Special Region of Yogyakarta to the south and southeast, Purworejo Regency to the southwest, and Wonosobo Regency to the west.
Mekhareg
Mekhareg is a town and commune in Laghouat Province, Algeria.

N.B. The Actual Name is "BENACER BENCHOHRA", after a personne [1804 Laghouat (Algeria) - 1884 Damascus (Syria)], who was one of the brave leaders in the resistance to the French Occupation [1]

The actual name was introduced in November 1987, replacing by an ordinance the ancient one.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
Reggio Emilia approach
The Reggio Emilia approach is an educational philosophy and pedagogy focused on preschool and primary education.  This approach is a student-centered and constructivist self-guided curriculum that uses self-directed, experiential learning in relationship-driven environments. The programme is based on the principles of respect, responsibility and community through exploration, discovery and play.

At the core of this philosophy is an assumption that children form their own personality during the early years of development and that they are endowed with "a hundred languages", through which they can express their ideas. The aim of the Reggio approach is to teach children how to use these symbolic languages (e.g. painting, sculpting, drama) in everyday life. This approach was developed after World War II by pedagogist Loris Malaguzzi and parents in the villages around Reggio Emilia, Italy; the approach derives its name from the city.

Early childhood development
Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age.
Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004
The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 (c. 28) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is concerned with criminal justice and concentrates upon legal protection and assistance to victims of crime, particularly domestic violence. It also expands the provision for trials without a jury, brings in new rules for trials for causing the death of a child or vulnerable adult, and permits bailiffs to use force to enter homes.

Criminal Justice Act 2003
The Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is a wide-ranging measure introduced to modernise many areas of the criminal justice system in England and Wales and, to a lesser extent, in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Large portions of the act were repealed and replaced by the Sentencing Act 2020.

It amends the law relating to police powers, bail, disclosure, allocation of criminal offences, prosecution appeals, autrefois acquit ("double jeopardy"), hearsay, propensity evidence, bad character evidence, sentencing and release on licence. It permits offences to be tried by a judge sitting alone without a jury, in cases where there is a danger of jury-tampering. It also expands the circumstances in which defendants can be tried twice for the same offence (double jeopardy), when "new and compelling evidence" is introduced.