hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chen Xiaogong
Chen Xiaogong (Chinese: 陈小工; born August 1949) is a retired lieutenant general (zhong jiang) of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) of China. He served as Deputy Commander of the PLAAF from 2009 to 2013, and the PLA's intelligence chief from 2003 to 2007.

Joint Staff Department (China)
The Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission (JSDCMC) (Chinese: 中央军委联合参谋部) is the operational command organ of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), superseding the former PLA General Staff Department. It was established on 11 January 2016, under the military reforms of Central Military Commission (CMC) chairman Xi Jinping.

Headquartered in Beijing, the Joint Staff Department (JSD) is under the absolute leadership of the CMC and likely serves as an institutional link between members of the CMC and post-2016 PLA theater commands. According to the JSD, its main duties include carrying out combat support planning and combat command support, studying and formulating military strategy and requirements, organizing combat capability assessment, arranging and instructing joint training; and combat readiness and routine war preparedness work.
2016 Maine Senate election
The 2016 Maine State Senate election was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, with the primary election being held on June 14, 2016, to elect the 128th Maine Senate. Voters in all 35 districts of the Maine State Senate will elect their senators. The election coincided with the elections for other offices, including for President, U.S. House and the Maine House of Representatives.

Chris Johnson (Maine politician)
Chris Johnson is an American politician from Maine. He was a member of the Maine Senate. A Democrat, Johnson won a special election to replace David Trahan, who had resigned to work as a lobbyist. In 2010, Johnson lost to Trahan with 32% of the vote. He won election to his first full term in November 2012 by 171 votes over Republican State Representative Les Fossel. He is a resident of Somerville, Maine and a graduate of Bangor High School and the University of Maine.

Johnson is the Director of Information Technology at a technology company in Portland, Maine.

In the 2016 election, Johnson lost his seat to Republican challenger Dana Dow, who had previously served in the Maine Senate from 2004 to 2008.
Stoic (mixtape)
Stoic  is the third mixtape by American singer T-Pain, released on September 30, 2012. The mixtape features guest appearances from Tay Dizm, Pitbull, Nuke Nikelz, Doe Montana, Notty Black, Skye, Young Cash, Mistah Fab, Krizz Kaliko, Tech N9ne, Shay Mooney, Big K.R.I.T. and Travie McCoy.

Tech N9ne
Aaron Dontez Yates (born November 8, 1971), better known by his stage name Tech N9ne (pronounced "tech nine"), is an American rapper, songwriter, and singer. In 1999, he and business partner Travis O'Guin founded the record label Strange Music. He has sold over two million albums and his music has been featured in film, television, and interactive media. In 2009, he won the Left Field Woodie Award broadcast on mtvU.

His stage name originated from the TEC-9 semi-automatic handgun, a name given to him by rapper Black Walt due to his fast-rhyming chopper style. Yates later applied a deeper meaning to the name, stating that it stands for the complete technique of rhyme, with "tech" meaning technique and "nine" representing the number of completion.
Xanthoparmelia aliphatica
Xanthoparmelia aliphatica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from the Cape Province at an elevation of about 900 m (3,000 ft); there, it was found growing on granitic outcrops in karoo habitat. The lichen contains the secondary metabolites (lichen products) constipatic acid, various associated fatty acids, and usnic acid. The black undersurface of the thallus is an unusual trait for fatty acid-containing Xanthoparmelia species.

Granitoid
A granitoid is a broad term referring to a diverse group of coarse-grained igneous rocks that are widely distributed across the globe, covering a significant portion of the Earth's exposed surface and constituting a large part of the continental crust. These rocks are primarily composed of quartz, plagioclase, and alkali feldspar. Granitoids range from plagioclase-rich tonalites to alkali-rich syenites and from quartz-poor monzonites to quartz-rich quartzolites. As only two of the three defining mineral groups (quartz, plagioclase, and alkali feldspar) need to be present for the rock to be called a granitoid, foid-bearing rocks, which predominantly contain feldspars but no quartz, are also granitoids.
2003 Hong Kong Women's Sevens
The 2003 Hong Kong Women's Sevens was the sixth edition of the tournament and occurred on the 27th and 28 March 2003. Fiji made their first international appearance since 1997; Sri Lanka, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan made their international debut.

Aotearoa Maori New Zealand defeated England to win the tournament.

Fiji women's national rugby sevens team
The Fiji women's national rugby sevens team represents Fiji at regional and international sevens tournaments.

They have won four Pacific Games gold medals, two Oceania Championships, a silver medal at the Commonwealth Games and a bronze medal at the Summer Olympics. They also compete in the World Rugby Sevens Series and Rugby World Cup Sevens.
Nangis station
Nangis station (French: Gare de Nangis) is a railway station in Nangis, Île-de-France, France. The station is located on the Paris Est–Mulhouse railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF: Transilien line P (Paris–Longueville–Provins).

Transport express régional
Transport express régional (French pronunciation: [tʁɑ̃spɔʁ ɛksprɛs ʁeʒjɔnal], usually shortened to TER) is the brand name used by the SNCF, the French national railway company, to denote rail service run by the regional councils of France, specifically their organised transport authorities. The network serves French regions; Île-de-France (Transilien) and Corsica (CFC) have their own specific transport systems. Every day, over 800,000 passengers are carried on 5,700 TER-branded trains.

TER is part of SNCF Voyageurs, a branch of the SNCF dealing with urban and regional passenger rail, which also includes Transilien, Intercités, Chemins de fer de la Corse (CFC), Keolis, and Effia.
Variable data printing
Variable data printing (VDP) (also known as variable information printing (VIP) or variable imaging (VI)) is a form of digital printing,  including on-demand printing, in which elements such as text, graphics and images may be changed from one printed piece to the next, without stopping or slowing down the printing process and using information from a database or external file. For example, a set of personalized letters, each with the same basic layout, can be printed with a different name and address  on each letter. Variable data printing is mainly used for direct marketing, customer relationship management, advertising, invoicing and  applying addressing on selfmailers, brochures or postcard campaigns.

Direct marketing
Direct marketing is a form of communicating an offer, where organizations communicate directly to a pre-selected customer and supply a method for a direct response. Among practitioners, it is also known as direct response marketing. In contrast to direct marketing, advertising is more of a mass-message nature.
Response channels include toll-free telephone numbers, reply cards, reply forms to be sent in an envelope, websites and email addresses.

The prevalence of direct marketing and the unwelcome nature of some communications has led to regulations and laws such as the CAN-SPAM Act, requiring that consumers in the United States be allowed to opt-out.
Polystoechotites
Polystoechotites is an extinct parataxon of lacewings in the moth lacewing family Ithonidae. The taxon is a collective group for fossil polystechotid giant lacewing species whose genus affiliation is uncertain, but which are distinct enough to identify as segregate species. Polystoechotites species are known from Eocene fossils found in North America and is composed of four named species Polystoechotites barksdalae, Polystoechotites falcatus, Polystoechotites lewisi, and Polystoechotites piperatus, plus two unnamed species. Three of the described species are known from fossils recovered from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands of Washington State, while the fourth is from Colorado.

Neuroptera
The insect order Neuroptera, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron), meaning "nerve", and πτερόν (pterón), meaning "wing", also known as net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera is grouped together with the Megaloptera (alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies) and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) in the unranked taxon Neuropterida (once known as Planipennia).

Adult neuropterans have four membranous wings, all about the same size, with many veins. They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete metamorphosis.

Neuropterans first appeared during the Permian period, and continued to diversify through the Mesozoic era. During this time, several unusually large forms evolved, especially in the extinct family Kalligrammatidae, often called "the butterflies of the Jurassic" for their large, patterned wings.
Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force – Crisis Response – Central Command
Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force – Crisis Response – Central Command (SP-MAGTF-CR-CC) was a Marine Air-Ground Task Force that was based at an undisclosed location in Southwest Asia.

It was a self-mobile, self-sustaining force of Marines and sailors, capable of responding to a range of crises. The unit was specifically trained to support U.S. and partner interests throughout the United States Central Command area of responsibility, to include embassy reinforcement, support to noncombatant evacuation operations, tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel, humanitarian assistance, and disaster relief. The unit also took part in bilateral and multilateral training exercises with regional partners. It was commanded by a U.S. Marine colonel (O-6).

VMGR-352
Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352 (VMGR-352) is a United States Marine Corps KC-130J squadron.  They are a part of Marine Aircraft Group 11 (MAG-11), 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW) and provide both fixed-wing and rotary-wing aerial refueling capabilities to support Fleet Marine Force (FMF) air operations in addition to assault air transport of personnel, equipment, and supplies. The squadron, known as the "Raiders", is stationed at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California.
Soummam conference
The Congress of Soummam was the founding act of the modern Algerian state and a crucial element of success of the Algerian War of Independence. It took place on 20 August 1956, when the FLN's leadership in Algeria met secretly in the Soummam Valley (Ighbane and Ifri at Ouzellaguen) to compose a common platform and create a new organizational structure.

Ouzellaguen
Ouzellaguen is a commune in northern Algeria in the Béjaïa Province in the Kabylia region. The Béni Mansour–Bejaïa railway serves this community.

Algeria portal

36°32′31″N 4°36′46″E﻿ / ﻿36.54194°N 4.61278°E﻿ / 36.54194; 4.61278
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the British Society for Geomorphology. It covers geomorphology and more in general all aspects of Earth sciences dealing with the Earth surface. The journal was established in 1976 as Earth Surface Processes, obtaining its current name in 1981. The journal primarily publishes original research papers. It also publishes Earth Surface Exchanges which include commentaries on issues of particular geomorphological interest, discussions of published papers, shorter journal articles suitable for rapid publication, and commissioned reviews on key aspects of geomorphological science. Foci include the physical geography of rivers, valleys, glaciers, mountains, hills, slopes, coasts, deserts, and estuary environments, along with research into Holocene, Pleistocene, or Quaternary science. The editor-in-chief is Stuart Lane (University of Lausanne).

Quaternary science
Quaternary science is the subfield of geology which studies the Quaternary Period, commonly known as the ice age.  This period spans around 2.58 million years ago to the present. It comprises two epochs: the Pleistocene and the Holocene. It was first studied during the nineteenth century by French scientist Georges Cuvier.

It aims to understand the Earth's environment during these recent epochs, including ecosystem, climate changes, geography, biology, chemistry, and physics.  It helps provide a framework to interpret archaeological records.
Juan Francisco Ferré
Juan Francisco Ferré (born 1962) is a Spanish writer, critic and academic. He was born in Málaga, obtained a doctorate, and taught Hispanic Studies in the USA. He belongs to the Nocilla Generation. Others writers in this group are Vicente Luis Mora, Jorge Carrión, Eloy Fernández Porta, Javier Fernández, Milo Krmpotic, Oscar Gual, Mario Cuenca Sandoval, Lolita Bosch, Javier Calvo, Doménico Chiappe, Gabi Martínez, Álvaro Colomer, Harkaitz Cano, Germán Sierra y Fernández Mallo.

Gabi Martínez
Gabi Martínez (born 1971) is a Spanish writer, screenwriter and journalist. He is considered one of the Spanish representatives of travel literature, with works such as Los mares de Wang, En la Barrera o Voy. He has also written novels and nonfiction books based on research. He received the 2012 Continuará award by Television Española in Catalonia for his literary career.
Loach minnow
The loach minnow (Tiaroga cobitis) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Tiaroga.  It occurs in streams and small rivers throughout the Gila River and San Pedro River systems in Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora; it is now considered extinct in Mexico.

San Pedro River (Arizona)
The San Pedro River is a northward-flowing stream originating about 10 miles (16 km) south of the international border south of Sierra Vista, Arizona, in Cananea Municipality, Sonora, Mexico. The river starts at the confluence of other streams (Las Nutrias and El Sauz) just east of Sauceda, Cananea. Within Arizona, the river flows 140 miles (230 km) north through Cochise County, Pima County, Graham County, and Pinal County to its confluence with the Gila River, at Winkelman, Arizona. It is the last major undammed desert river in the American Southwest, and it is of major ecological importance as it hosts two-thirds of the avian diversity in the United States, including 100 species of breeding birds and almost 300 species of migrating birds.
Lara McDonnell
Lara McDonnell (born 7 November 2003) is an Irish actress. She starred as the alternating title role in the West End production of Matilda the Musical from 2015 to 2016. She has since landed roles in a number of films. McDonnell appeared on the 2021 Irish Independent list of actors to go stellar.

Irish Independent
The Irish Independent is an Irish daily newspaper and online publication which is owned by Independent News & Media (INM), a subsidiary of Mediahuis.

The newspaper version often includes glossy magazines.

Traditionally a broadsheet newspaper, it introduced an additional compact size in 2004. Further, in December 2012 (following billionaire Denis O'Brien's takeover) it was announced that the newspaper would become compact only.
Gracillaria ussuriella
Gracillaria ussuriella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the islands of Hokkaidō, Honshū and Kyūshū in Japan and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 9.8–12 mm.

The larvae feed on Fraxinus species, including Fraxinus americana, Fraxinus chinensis, Fraxinus mandshurica and Fraxinus pennsylvanica. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus americana, the white ash or American ash, is a fast-growing species of ash tree native to eastern and central North America. The tree is highly valued as lumber.

The white ash population in North America was devastated by the invasive emerald ash borer, which killed hundreds of millions of them as it spread during the 1990s–2010s.  Surviving white ashes are often much younger, with the oldest and tallest white ashes largely becoming dead trees due to the emerald ash borer.
Bederkesa (Samtgemeinde)
Bederkesa is a former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat was in the village Bad Bederkesa. It was disbanded in January 2015, when its member municipalities merged into the new municipality Geestland.

The Samtgemeinde Bederkesa consisted of the following municipalities:

Bad Bederkesa

Drangstedt

Elmlohe

Flögeln

Köhlen

Kührstedt

Lintig

Ringstedt

Köhlen
Köhlen (German pronunciation: [ˈkøːlən]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2015 it is part of the town Geestland.

Köhlen belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648, the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807, the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813, the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Köhlen, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.
Ogden Tweto
Ogden Tweto (1912 - 1983) created the now-classic Geologic Map of Colorado which is held as one of the finest examples of a state geologic map.

Tweto received awards including the Distinguished Service Award of the Department of the Interior (1970) and the Scientist of the Year Award by the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (1978).
While working in Leadville, Colorado, he discovered features dating to the Proterozoic. He is also known for his work involving the Arapahoe Formation, the Leadville Mining District, and the Colorado Mineral Belt.

In 1986, Mount Tweto near Leadville was named in his honor.

Leadville, Colorado
Leadville (/ˈlɛdvɪl/ LED-vil) is a statutory city that is the county seat of, the most populous community in, and the only incorporated municipality in Lake County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 2,633 at the 2020 United States census. It is situated at an elevation of 10,119 feet (3,084 m). Leadville is the highest incorporated city in the United States and is surrounded by the two tallest peaks in the state, Mount Elbert and Mount Massive.

Leadville is a former silver mining town that lies among the headwaters of the Arkansas River within the Rocky Mountains. The Leadville Historic District, designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961, contains many historic structures and sites of Leadville's mining era. In the late 19th century, Leadville was the second most populous city in Colorado, after Denver.
Wanrong railway station
Wanrong railway station (Chinese: 萬榮車站; pinyin: Wànróng Chēzhàn) is a railway station located in Fenglin, Hualien, Taiwan. It is located on the Taitung line and is operated by the Taiwan Railway. It is named after nearby Wanrong Township.

The former Wansen line to Mt. Lintian, operated by the Forestry Bureau, used to terminate here.

Wanrong, Hualien
Wanrong Township or Wanrung Township (Chinese: 萬榮鄉; pinyin: Wànróng Xiāng) is a mountain indigenous township located in the west of Hualien County, Taiwan, and has a population of 6,154 inhabitants and 8 villages.

The elevation and climate changes greatly with the mountains of Central Range, and the adverse elevation is about 600 m. The main inhabitants are Truku people, Bunun people and Atayal people of the Taiwanese aborigines, and most economic activity is agriculture, which located in the small plain near Fenglin Township. The abundant resources of tourism has not been developed.
Hyperolius protchei
Hyperolius protchei is a species of frog of questionable status in the family Hyperoliidae. Described more than a century ago, it is only known from its type locality, Landana, in the Cabinda Province of northern Angola. The holotype was originally deposited in Museo Bouvier and—if it survives at all—now presumably lies in the National Museum of Natural History, France. Hyperolius maestus might be a synonym of Hyperolius marmoratus.

The etymology of the specific name protchei is not known, but Beolens and colleagues suggest that this species is named for a certain Protche, taxidermist who also collected samples for the French National Museum of Natural History. Common name Rochebrune's reed frog has been proposed for this species.

Cacongo (municipality)
Cacongo (ex-Lândana, Concelho de Cacongo, Malemba, or Molembo) is a municipality in Cabinda Province, an exclave of Angola. Its principal town is Cacongo. Landana lies on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, adjacent to Landana Bay. The municipality covers 1,679 square kilometres (648 sq mi) and had a population of 39,076 at the 2014 Census; the latest official estimate (as at mid 2019) is 44,974.
Rıdvan Turan
Rıdvan Turan (born 1 January 1971) is a Turkish politician from the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), who serves as a Member of Parliament for Mersin.

Born in Reşadiye, Tokat, Turan graduated from Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine in 1995. In 2008, he was elected as the leader of the Socialist Democracy Party, which was a member of the Peoples' Democratic Congress and was thus instrumental in the establishment of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) in 2012. In Jul 2013 he was convicted to 6 years and 3 months imprisonment being a member of an illegal organization. The sentence was appealed. He was elected Member of Parliament for the HDP in the June 2015 general election but lost his seat in the snap election held on 1 November 2015.

He regained a seat in the 2018 parliamentary election representing Mersin.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Ushba
Ushba (Georgian: უშბა) is one of the most notable peaks of the Caucasus Mountains. It is located in the Svaneti region of Georgia, just south of the border with the Kabardino-Balkaria region of Russia. Although it does not rank in the 10 highest peaks of the range, Ushba is known as the "Matterhorn of the Caucasus" for its picturesque, spire-shaped double summit.  Ushba is considered by many climbers as the most difficult ascent in the Caucasus.

In Georgian mythology, Ushba was thought to be the home of the hunting goddess Dali.

Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), officially the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 904,200. Its capital is Nalchik. The area contains the highest mountain in Europe,  Mount Elbrus, at 5,642 m (18,510 ft). Mount Elbrus has 22 glaciers that feed three rivers — Baksan, Malka and Kuban. The mountain is covered with snow year-round.