hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Seger
Johann Friedrich Seger (25 February 1867 – 29 April 1928) was a German politician and trade unionist.

Born in Wollbach, Seger became a tailor, and joined both the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and a forerunner of the German Clothing Workers' Union in 1887.  He held various posts in his union in the 1890s, and from 1893 was a leader of the SPD in Leipzig.  In 1901, he became an editor on the Leipzig Volkszeitung.

In 1905, Seger was elected to the SPD's district leadership, and in 1911 to the Leipzig city council.  In 1915, he was elected to the Saxon Diet, serving until 1918.  He opposed World War I, and joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), under which label he was elected to the Weimar National Assembly, and then the Reichstag.  He rejoined the SPD with the majority of the USPD, and continued to lead the party in Leipzig, alongside Richard Lipinski, until his death in 1928.

German Clothing Workers' Union
The German Clothing Workers' Union (German: Deutscher Bekleidungsarbeiter-Verband, DBAV) was a trade union representing people involved in making clothing in Germany.

The union was founded in 1888 as the German Union of Tailors.  It changed its name frequently until 1894, when it became the Union of Tailors, Dressmakers and Kindred Trades.  In 1907, the Union of Lingerie and Tie Workers in Germany merged in, and it renamed itself as the Union of Tailors and Dressmakers in Germany.

After World War I, the union was a founding constituent of the General German Trade Union Confederation.  In 1924, it was joined by the German Furriers' Union, and by 1928, it had 77,884 members.  In 1933, it was banned by the Nazi government.  After World War II, the Textile and Clothing Union was formed to represent clothing workers.
Indecent exposure in the United States
In the United States, indecent exposure refers to conduct undertaken in a public area or (in some places) publicly viewable location, which is deemed indecental in nature, such as nudity, masturbation, or sexual intercourse. Such activity is often illegal. The legal definition in a given location may not specify all activities that would be covered.

Indecent exposure may also be referred to as "sexual misconduct" or "public lewdness".

Inappropriateness
Inappropriateness refers to standards or ethics that are typically viewed as being negative in a society, often treated as objective by moralists. It differs from things that are illicit in that inappropriate behavior does not necessarily have any accompanying legal ramifications.
Alella
Alella (Catalan pronunciation: [əˈleʎə]) is a village in the comarca of Maresme in 
Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast on the southwest side of the granite Catalan Coastal Range. The town is known for its
wines, cava and perfumes, but is also a commuter town for nearby Barcelona.

What used to be the old Roman Road (Via Augusta), uniting Rome and Andalusia, is still today a narrow road running through the village.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
HŽ Passenger Transport
HŽ Passenger Transport (Croatian: HŽ Putnički prijevoz, HŽPP) is a Croatian state-owned passenger transport company established on 20 July 2006 after a split from Croatian Railways, in order to comply with EU directive 91/440 as part of Croatia's accession into the European Union. HŽPP is responsible for transporting passengers and trains maintenance and renting. It owns Tehnički servisi željezničkih vozila d.o.o. (meaning "Technical services of railway vehicles"), a subsidiary that maintains the vehicles. It's management is split into the management board, revision board, and the supervisory board.

As of 2023, HŽPP owned 57 locomotives, 72 diesel trains and 64 electric trains. The Croatian rail network carried 24.597 million passengers in 2024.

Single European Railway Directive 2012
The Single European Railway Directive 2012 (2012/34/EU) is an EU Directive that regulates railway networks in European Union law. This recast the First Railway Directive 91/440/EEC and consolidates legislation from each of the first to the fourth "Package" from 1991 to 2016, and allows open access operations on railway lines by companies other than those that own the rail infrastructure. The legislation was extended by further directives to include cross border transit of freight.

In September 2010, the process of merging the directives into a single piece of legislation was begun, with the addition of modifications to strengthen the regulatory framework. The Second Railway Package, the Third Railway Package, and the Fourth Railway Package aim to push integration further.
Eric Brill
Eric Brill is a computer scientist specializing in natural language processing. He created the Brill tagger, a supervised part of speech tagger. Another research paper of Brill introduced a machine learning technique now known as transformation-based learning.

Part-of-speech tagging
In corpus linguistics, part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging, PoS tagging, or POST), also called grammatical tagging, is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition and its context.
A simplified form of this is commonly taught to school-age children, in the identification of words as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.

Once performed by hand, POS tagging is now done in the context of computational linguistics, using algorithms which associate discrete terms, as well as hidden parts of speech, by a set of descriptive tags. POS-tagging algorithms fall into two distinctive groups: rule-based and stochastic. E. Brill's tagger, one of the first and most widely used English POS taggers, employs rule-based algorithms.
Jen Hendershott
Jenny Hendershott (born December 12, 1971) is a professional fitness competitor from the United States. In the fitness industry she is well known for her inventive and highly difficult gymnastic routines as well as running her special phat camps all year round where she helps women get serious about their diet, exercise and overall health. Her highest achievement to date has been winning the 2005 Fitness International and 2005 Fitness Olympia events.

International Fitness and Bodybuilding Federation
The International Fitness and Bodybuilding Federation (IFBB) is an international professional sports governing body for bodybuilding and fitness. Headquartered in Las Rozas de Madrid, it oversees many of the sport's major international events, notably the World and Continental Championships.
C. Muthiah Pillai
C. Muthiah Pillai was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Sirkazhi constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1952, and 1957 elections. He was one of the two winners in 1957 election, the other being K. B. S. Mani from the same party.

1957 Madras State Legislative Assembly election
The second legislative assembly election to the Madras state (presently Tamil Nadu) was held on 31 March 1957. This was the first election held after the linguistic reorganisation of Madras State in 1956. Indian National Congress and its leader, K. Kamaraj won the election and defeated their rival, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. In 1954, due to the resignation of C. Rajagopalachari, for his controversial Kula Kalvi Thittam, the leadership of Congress was contested between K. Kamaraj, and C. Subramaniam (who got the support of M. Bhaktavatsalam). Eventually, K. Kamaraj, won the support of the party, was elected leader and chief minister of Madras State in 1954.  In a surprise move, he appointed both M. Bhaktavatsalam and C. Subramaniam, to his cabinet, allowing great unity amongst the Congress that ruled the state of Madras, for the next decade. This election saw future DMK leaders M. Karunanidhi and K. Anbazhagan win their first MLA seats in the legislative assembly.
Shoulder of Mutton, Hadleigh
The Shoulder of Mutton was a public house in Hadleigh, Suffolk, England. It originally occupied 124 and 126 Hadleigh High Street.

The Grade II* listed building dates back to the sixteenth century, but it had become a pub by 1796. The Sporting Magazine reported a wager over a run to the Fox.

The buildings were first listed in 1950. At that time it was a Tolly Cobbold pub, and a  Tolly Cobbold agreement concerning the pub dates from 1961. However, by 1968 the premises were used as an antique shop.

The Sporting Magazine
The Sporting Magazine (1792–1870) was the first English sporting periodical to devote itself to every type of sport. Its subtitle was "Monthly Calendar of the Transactions of the Turf, the Chase and Every Other Diversion Interesting to the Man of Pleasure, Enterprize, and Spirit".
Irma Bandiera
Irma Bandiera (1915–1944) was a member of the seventh Gruppo di azione patriottica. In 1944 she was captured, blinded, and killed. Enrico Berlinguer, of the Italian Communist Party, held her in high esteem. A street in her native Bologna is named for her and the song Mimma e Balella relates to her.

Argelato
Argelato (Northern Bolognese: Arżlè) is an Italian comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna. It comprises the hamlets of Argelato, Casadio, Casette di Funo, Funo, Malacappa, Volta Reno, San Donnino and San Giacomo, that are administratively divided into the main town (comprising also the hamlet of Casette di Funo) and the hamlets Casadio (comprising the village of Malacappa) and  Funo (comprising the village of Casette di Funo).

In the hamlet of Funo are a large railway station for good deliveries, industrial facilities (Guaber) and one of the largest gross sale centre in Europe (CenterGross - center for gross trade of Bologna), the second biggest in Italy after the CIS of Nola.
Alfonso II of Toulouse
Alfonso II (French: Alphonse; died 1175/1189 or later) was an Occitan nobleman and the co-count of Toulouse, duke of Narbonne and marquis of Provence from 1148 until his death.

Alfonso was the son of Count Alfonso Jordan of Toulouse and Faydiva d'Uzes. After the death of Alfonso I, his eldest son and Alfonso II's brother Raymond V inherited the County of Toulouse and the Marquisate of Provence. Immediately after his accession, Raymond V made his brother Alfonso co-ruler with him.

In 1171, Viscount Roger II Trencavel of Béziers, Albi and Carcassonne swore allegiance to Alfonso II. Sometime between 1175/1189, Alfonso confirmed the donation of King Henry II of England to Chartres Cathedral. After this year, there is no mention of Alfonso. He likely predeceased his brother Raymond, who died in 1194 and became sole ruler upon Alfonso's death without heirs.

Albi
Albi (French pronunciation: [albi] ⓘ; Occitan: Albi [ˈalβi]) is a commune in southern France. It is the prefecture of the Tarn department, on the river Tarn, 85 km northeast of Toulouse. Its inhabitants are called Albigensians (French: Albigeois, Albigeoise(s), Occitan: albigés -esa(s)). It is the seat of the Archbishop of Albi.

The episcopal city, around the Cathedral Sainte-Cécile, was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2010 for its unique architecture. The site includes the Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, dedicated to the artist who was born in Albi.
Bertolotti
Bertolotti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessandro Bertolotti (born 1960), Italian writer and photographer

Andrés Bertolotti (born 1943), Argentine footballer

Bernardino Bertolotti, 16th-century Italian composer and musician

Brittany Murphy (1977–2009), American actress born as Brittany Bertolotti

Cesare Bertolotti (1854–1932), Italian painter

Gasparo Bertolotti known as Gasparo da Salò Italian luthier

Gianni Bertolotti (born 1950), Italian basketball player

Giovanni Lorenzo Bertolotti (1640–1721), Italian Baroque painter

Mariano Bertolotti (born 1982), Argentine judoka

Giovanni Lorenzo Bertolotti
Giovanni Lorenzo Bertolotti (1640–1721) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Genoa.

Bertolotti specialized in paintings having scenes of a mythological, historical or religious nature as subjects.

He trained under Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione. Bertolotti contributed paintings to the Oratory of San Giacomo della Marina and the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata. He painted a Visitation of the Virgin to Saint Elizabeth for the church of La Visitazione.
Tom Liebscher
Tom Liebscher-Lucz (born 3 August 1993) is a German Olympic canoeist. He represented his country at the 2016 Summer Olympics and won a gold medal in men's K-4 1000 m event with Max Rendschmidt, Max Hoff and Marcus Gross. He also earned gold medals with the German teams in the men's K-4 500 m events at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Olympics.

Liebscher won gold in the men's K-1 500 m event at the 2013 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships and 2019 World Championships and in the men's K-1 1000 m event at the 2017 World Championships.

He married Hungarian canoeist Dora Lucz in 2022.

Canoeing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's K-4 1000 metres
The men's canoe sprint K-4 1,000 metres at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro took place between 19 and 20 August at Lagoa Stadium.

The medals were presented by Danka Barteková, IOC member, Slovakia and Donald McKenzie, Board Member of the ICF.

It was the last appearance of the men's K-4 1000 metres. A shorter race, the men's K-4 500 metres, was held at Tokyo 2020.
Champ d'Or Estate
The Champ d'Or estate is a pseudo-French Baroque residential building located in Hickory Creek, Texas. Inspired by Vaux-le-Vicomte near Paris, France. The building situated at 1851 Turbeville Road, in Denton County, Champ d'Or—literally, "Field of Gold," from the surname of Alan and Shirley Goldfield, who built the house in 2002s 17th century architecture and design.

Champ d'Or was one of the more unusual architectural works in North Texas, featured not only in countless news articles, most notably being Forbes Magazine, but also gaining notoriety through its appearance in at least one book on French architecture and interior design. Champ d'Or's dominance of the Hickory Creek landscape has made the place of a tourist attraction. The estate has been re branded as "The Olana" and is now a wedding venue under Walters Wedding Estates.

Timeline of architecture
This is a timeline of architecture, indexing the individual year in architecture pages.  Notable events in architecture and related disciplines including structural engineering, landscape architecture, and city planning. One significant architectural achievement is listed for each year.

Articles for each year (in bold text, below) are summarized here with a significant event as a reference point.
Tuscia
Tuscia (/ˈtʌsiə, ˈtʌʃ(i)ə/ TUSS-ee-ə, TUSH-(ee-)ə, Italian: [ˈtuʃʃa]) is a historical region of central Italy that comprises part of the territories under Etruscan influence, or Etruria, named so since the Roman conquest.

From the Middle Ages, the name was used to refer to three macro-areas: the "Roman Tuscia", corresponding to northern Lazio with the ancient Papal province of the Patrimony of St. Peter, which today is equivalent to the province of Viterbo and the northern part of the metropolitan city of Rome north up to Lake Bracciano; the "Ducal Tuscia", which included the territories of Lazio and Umbria subject to the Duchy of Spoleto, which was later also incorporated into the papal territories; and the "Lombard Tuscia", roughly the current Tuscany, including the territories subjected to the Lombards and constituting the Duchy of Tuscia. The latter region is nowadays no longer referred to as Tuscia, which term is often used as a synonym for the province of Viterbo.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita
God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita is a posthumously published non-fiction book by the Indian yogi and guru Paramahansa Yogananda (1893–1952). It is a two-volume work containing an English translation and commentary of the Bhagavad Gita. It explicates the Bhagavad Gita's psychological, spiritual, and metaphysical elements. It was originally published in 1995 in Los Angeles by Self Realization Fellowship, and later published in other countries and languages. The book is significant in that unlike other explications of the Bhagavad Gita, which focused on karma yoga, jnana yoga, and bhakti yoga in relation to the Gita, Yogananda's work stresses the training of one's mind, or raja yoga. The full title of the two-volume work is God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita – Royal Science of God Realization – The Immortal Dialogue between Soul and Spirit – A New Translation and Commentary.

Yogi
A yogi is a practitioner of Yoga, including a sannyasin or practitioner of meditation in Indian religions.  The feminine form, sometimes used in English, is yogini.

Yogi has since the 12th century CE also denoted members of the Nath siddha tradition of Hinduism, and in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism, a practitioner of tantra. In Hindu mythology, the god Shiva and the goddess Parvati are depicted as an emblematic yogi–yogini pair.
Jiuyi Mountains
The Jiuyi Mountains (Chinese: 九嶷山 Jiuyi Shan) are a mountain range in Hunan province, China. They are located in the Yongzhou, Ningyuan and Lanshan region, bordering Guangdong province.
They are part of the Mengzhu Mountains of the Nanling Range.

These mountains are reputed to be the burial place of Emperor Shun in ancient Chinese tradition.

It is traditionally inhabited by the Yao people. Autonomous counties include: Daqiao Yao Ethnic Township

Yao people (Asia)
The Yao people (simplified Chinese: 瑶族; traditional Chinese: 瑤族; pinyin: Yáozú) or Dao (Vietnamese: người Dao) is a classification for various ethnic minorities in China and Vietnam. Their majority branch is also known as Mien. They originated in the areas around Changsha, which today is the capital of Hunan province. They speak a branch of the Hmong-Mien family of languages and share a strong genetic connection to the Hmong peoples. They are believed to have diverged from the Hmong around 5,800 years ago.

They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China and reside in the mountainous southwest and south of the country. They also form one of the 54 ethnic groups officially recognized by Vietnam. They numbered 3,309,341 in the 2020 Chinese census and 891,151 in the 2019 Vietnamese census. An estimated 60,000 Yao of the Iu Mien branch reside in the United States, mostly in the Western coastal states.
Brief Encounter (opera)
Brief Encounter is an opera in two acts by composer André Previn. The English libretto by John Caird is based on Noël Coward's play Still Life and Coward's screenplay for the 1945 David Lean film Brief Encounter. Commissioned by the Houston Grand Opera, the opera premiered on May 1, 2009 in Houston, Texas at the Wortham Theater Center.

The production starred Elizabeth Futral as Laura Jesson and Nathan Gunn as Alec Harvey, with Rebekah Camm, Meredith Arwady, Robert Orth, and Kim Josephson as supporting soloists and Patrick Summers conducting. A recording was issued on the Deutsche Grammophon label.

John Caird (director)
John Newport Caird (born 22 September 1948) is an English stage director and writer of plays, musicals and operas. He is an honorary associate director of the Royal Shakespeare Company, was for many years a regular director with the Royal National Theatre of Great Britain and is the principal guest director of the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Stockholm (Dramaten).
Ed McCreery
Esley Porterfield "Ed" McCreery (November 24, 1889 – October 19, 1960) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He appeared in three games for the Detroit Tigers in 1914.

In 1914, McCreery was pitching for the Butte Miners in Ogden, Utah where he was scouted by Tigers coach Deacon McGuire. The Tigers reportedly purchased his contract for $2,000 (equivalent to $62,800 in 2024). McCreery had earlier turned down an offer to play for the Kansas City club of the Federal League.

McCreery made his Major League debut on August 16, 1914, allowing five runs in only two innings pitched in what was described in the Detroit Evening Times as an "unsatisfactory showing." Although McCreery wrote to a friend that he was "up here in the big leagues to stay," his final big league game would come eleven days later on August 27.

Butte Miners
The Butte Miners were a minor league baseball franchise based in Butte, Montana. Butte minor league teams played as members of the Montana State League (1892, 1900), Pacific Northwest League (1902), Pacific National League (1903–1904), Montana State League (1905), Northwestern League (1906–1908), Inter-Mountain League (1909), Montana State League (1909), Union Association (1911–1914), Northwestern League (1916–1917) and Montana State League (1925). Butte hosted home minor league games at the Mt. Columbia Grounds.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Joe McGinnity was a player/manager of the Butte Miners in 1916 and 1917.
1990 New Zealand National Soccer League
The 1990 New Zealand National Soccer League was the 21st season of a nationwide round-robin club competition in New Zealand football. Waitakere City won the league for the first time, by two points over Auckland neighbours Mount Wellington.

New Plymouth Rangers
New Plymouth Rangers is an amateur association football club based in New Plymouth, New Zealand. They were founded as New Plymouth Old Boys in 1940, and have had a complex naming history. The team play at Merrilands Domain. The club has men's and women's senior and social teams, as well as over a dozen junior teams.
Madeleine Arnot
Madeleine Arnot, née MacDonald (born 1950) is a professor of Sociology of Education at the University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education. She is Director of Studies (Education) at Jesus College. Internationally known for her work on socio-cultural reproduction theory and her use of Basil Bernstein's theory of pedagogy in relation to gender and education.

Jesus College, Cambridge
Jesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Jesus College was established in 1496 on the site of the twelfth-century Benedictine nunnery of St Mary and St Radegund by John Alcock, then Bishop of Ely. The cockerel is the symbol of Jesus College, after the surname of its founder. From 1560 to 1860, Jesus College was primarily a training college for Church of England clergy.

Jesus College has assets of approximately £375m making it Cambridge's seventh-wealthiest college. The college is known for its particularly expansive grounds which include its sporting fields and for its proximity to its boathouse. Three members of Jesus College have each received a Nobel Prize. Two fellows of the college have been appointed to the International Court of Justice.

Sonita Alleyne was elected master of Jesus College in 2019, 40 years after the college began admitting women as students. She is also the first black leader of an Oxbridge college.