hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vasiliki Ridge
Vasiliki Ridge is a three-mile-long ridge located in Okanogan County of Washington state. It is part of the Methow Mountains which are a sub-range of the North Cascades. Vasiliki Ridge is situated north of Silver Star Mountain on land administered by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. Vasiliki Ridge can be seen from Washington Pass and from the North Cascades Highway.

Vasiliki Ridge summit, at 8,190-feet elevation, is the highest point on Vasiliki Ridge. Named granite spires include Charon Tower, The Acropolis, Ares Tower, Vasiliki Tower, Juno-Jupiter Towers, Aphrodite Tower, and Baccus Tower. Precipitation runoff from the ridge drains into Early Winters Creek which is a tributary of the Methow River.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Bachelor of Music
A Bachelor of Music (BMus; sometimes conferred as Bachelor of Musical Arts) is an academic degree awarded by a college, university, or conservatory upon completion of a program of study in music. The degree may be awarded for performance, music education, composition, music theory, musicology / music history (musicology degrees may be a Bachelor of Arts rather than a Bachelor of Music), music technology, music therapy, sacred music, music business/music industry, entertainment, music production, or jazz studies. Since the 2010s, some universities have begun offering degrees in music composition with technology, which include traditional theory and musicology courses and sound recording and composition courses using digital technologies.

Performance
A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other forms of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
William Barnabas Qurix
William Barnabas Qurix or Williams Barnabas Qurix (born November 4, 1961) is a Nigerian university administrator, educationist, and researcher. He was appointed the pioneer Vice-Chancellor of the Federal University of Applied Sciences Kachia (FUASK) by the Nigerian president, Bola Tinubu, in March 2025. He is a former Vice-Chancellor of Kaduna State University and Bingham University (2018-2024). A month before his appointment at FUASK, he was appointed Chairman Governing Council and Pro-Chancellor of Plateau State University, Bokkos, by the Plateau State governor, Caleb Mutfwang.

Bingham University
Bingham University is a private university in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, located 26 kilometers from Abuja, the national capital. Founded in 2005 by the National Universities Commission (NUC), it began lectures in 2006 and has grown to offer diverse undergraduate and postgraduate programs across 12 faculties.

The university's permanent campus, occupied since 3 March 2008, is in New Karu, with its teaching hospital in Jos, Plateau State. With a selective admission rate (50–59%) and a student-staff ratio of 5:1, Bingham has graduated over 7,000 students by 2024, emphasizing academic excellence and practical skills.
Dinesh Prasad
Dinesh Prasad also known as Dinesh Prasad Kushwaha is an Indian politician from Bihar. He was the member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Minapur Muzaffarpur 3 times. From 2008 to 2010 he also served as Bihar's irrigation minister.

Muzaffarpur
Muzaffarpur pronunciationⓘ is a city in the Muzaffarpur district, situated on the banks of the Burhi Gandak River in the Tirhut division of the Indian state of Bihar. It serves as the administrative headquarters of both the Tirhut division and the Muzaffarpur district. Muzaffarpur is the fourth most populous city in Bihar and is often referred to as the Capital of North Bihar.

The city is renowned for its Shahi lychee, earning it the nickname Lychee Kingdom of India.

A study conducted by the Government of Bihar identified Muzaffarpur, along with Patna, Vaishali, Gaya, and Begusarai, as one of the top five districts in the state in terms of rapid economic growth.
The Return of The Marvelettes
The Return of The Marvelettes was marketed as the last album by the group, although in reality their last had been 1969's In Full Bloom. It was originally recorded to launch the solo career of former Marvelette Wanda Young, and was produced by Smokey Robinson.

Kim Weston
Kim Weston (born December 20, 1939) is an American soul singer, and Motown alumna. In the 1960s, she scored hits with the songs "Love Me All the Way" and "Take Me in Your Arms (Rock Me a Little While)", and with her duet with Marvin Gaye, "It Takes Two".
Oetrange
Oetrange (Luxembourgish: Éiter, German: Oetringen) is a small town in the commune of Contern, in south-eastern Luxembourg. As of 2025, the town has a population of 1,068.

The town is served by Oetrange railway station, which lies on CFL Line 30.

The secretariat of the European University Foundation - Campus Europae is in Oetrange.

CFL Line 30
Line 30 is a Luxembourgish railway line connecting Luxembourg City to Wasserbillig, where it runs on the Trier West Railway, connecting to Trier in western Germany. The terminus at the western end is Luxembourg railway station. It is designated and predominantly operated by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois.
Centro Santa Fe
Centro Santa Fe is a large 210,400-square-metre (2,264,727 sq ft) enclosed shopping mall in the Santa Fe area in the far west side of  Mexico City. Centro Santa Fe is the largest shopping center in Mexico. The original mall, 128,367 m2 (1,381,730 sq ft), cost 270 billion old Mexican pesos (270 million current pesos) in 1993. It was further expanded in 2012.

Within the Centro Santa Fe, two floors above the Sears wing are separately branded as Vía Santa Fe, containing mid-luxury clothing retailers (e.g. Salvatore Ferragamo, La Martina, Dolce & Gabbana), a Cinemex "Platinum" luxury multi-cinema, Casa Palacio (home store run by El Palacio de Hierro), and Mexico's first Apple Store.

Anchors in the main mall are El Palacio de Hierro, Liverpool, Sanborns and Sears department stores, and a Chedraui Select hypermarket.

As a whole, the mall has about 501 stores in total.

As of 2012 the center as a whole had about 1,500,000 visitors per month or 20 million per year.

Mid-luxury
Mid-luxury is a term applied in the U.S. market to fashion, vehicles, hotels, apartments, and other consumer goods and services, for brands that are not as expensive as luxury goods, but more expensive than mass market brands.
MacKinlay Kantor
MacKinlay Kantor (February 4, 1904 – October 11, 1977), born Benjamin McKinlay Kantor, was an American journalist, novelist and screenwriter.  He wrote more than 30 novels, several set during the American Civil War, and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1956 for his 1955 novel, Andersonville.

Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It recognizes distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life, published during the preceding calendar year.

As the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (awarded 1918–1947), it was one of the original Pulitzers; the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year (no Novel prize was awarded in 1917, the first one having been granted in 1918).

The name was changed to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948 and eligibility was expanded to the broader "distinguished fiction published in book form". The Advisory Board wanted to give the award to James A. Michener's Tales of the South Pacific, which required expanding the category criteria and lifting the ban on short stories.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, usually a total of three.
John Solomon Hendrix House
John Solomon Hendrix House, also known as the Sol Hendrix House, is a historic home located near Lexington, Lexington County, South Carolina. It was built about 1850, and is a two-story, rectangular, weatherboarded frame farmhouse.  It has a gable roof and exterior end chimneys. The front façade features a double tiered porch supported by square wood posts.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Lexington County, South Carolina
Lexington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 293,991. Its county seat and largest community is Lexington. The county was chartered in 1785 and was named in commemoration of Lexington, Massachusetts, the site of the Battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War. Lexington County is the sixth-most populous county in South Carolina by population and is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
Collegium Humanum
The Collegium Humanum was an ecofascist organisation in Germany from 1963 to 2008. It was established in 1963 as a club, was first active in the German environmental movement, then from the early 1980s became a far-right political organisation and was banned in 2008 by the Federal Minister of the Interior Wolfgang Schäuble due to "continued denial of the Holocaust".

Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of the Interior  (German: Bundesministerium des Innern, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm dɛs ˈʔɪnɐn ʔʊnt fyːɐ̯ ˈhaɪmaːt] ⓘ; abbreviated BMI) is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Alexander Dobrindt. 
It is comparable to the UK Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies. The BMI is tasked with the internal security of Germany. To fulfill this responsibility it maintains, among other agencies, the two biggest federal law enforcement agencies in Germany, the Federal Police (including the GSG 9) and the Federal Criminal Police Office. It is also responsible for the federal domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
Diocese of Santa Rosa de Osos
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa de Osos (Latin: Sanctae Rosae de Osos) is a diocese located in the city of Santa Rosa de Osos in the ecclesiastical province of Santa Fe de Antioquia in Colombia.

Santa Rosa de Osos
Santa Rosa de Osos is a middle city and municipality of Colombia located in the northern of the department of Antioquia. Bounded on the north with the municipalities of Yarumal and Angostura, on the east with Guadalupe and Carolina del Principe, on the south with the municipalities of Donmatías, San Pedro de los Milagros and Entrerríos, and on the west with Belmira and San José de la Montaña.
Michael Reisz
Michael Reisz (born March 25, 1968) is an American actor, writer, and producer.  He was a writer for the television series Boston Legal until its ending in 2008, as well as a writer and executive producer for the first two seasons of Shadowhunters. As a voice actor, Reisz is known for his roles as Yamato "Matt" Ishida in the anime Digimon Adventure and Takuya Kanbara in Digimon Frontier.

Privileged (TV series)
Privileged is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW in the United States and City in Canada from September 9, 2008. The series stars JoAnna Garcia and is based on the 2008 Alloy Entertainment book How to Teach Filthy Rich Girls by Zoey Dean. The series was originally to share the same name as the book, but the name was announced at the upfronts as Surviving the Filthy Rich and later changed again to Privileged on June 24, 2008. It was produced by Alloy Entertainment in association with Warner Bros. Television with executive producers Rina Mimoun, Bob Levy and Leslie Morgenstein. Michael Engler directed the pilot.

On May 19, 2009, The CW cancelled the series of Privileged after one season.
Popple River (Pine River tributary)
Popple River is a tributary of the Pine River in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The river is part of the Menominee River watershed and flows for 47 miles (76 km) in Forest and Florence counties, draining an area of 148,000 acres (60,000 ha).

Popple River rises in the town of Argonne in northern Forest County and flows east through the Nicolet National Forest, running through the community of Popple River. The river continues through southern Florence County, eventually leaving the forest and heading north to its mouth at the Pine River.

According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Popple River watershed includes 236 miles (380 km) of streams, 1,758 acres (711 ha) of lakes, and 35,875 acres (14,518 ha) of wetlands. 74% of the watershed is forested, while 24% is wetland area.

Argonne, Wisconsin
Argonne is a town in Forest County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 512 at the 2010 census. The census-designated place of Argonne is located in the town. The unincorporated community of Wisconsin Junction is also located in the town.
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies (Cary Institute), formerly known as the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, is an independent, not-for-profit environmental research organization dedicated to the scientific study of the world's ecosystems and the natural and human factors that influence them. The organization is headquartered in Millbrook, New York, on a 2,000-acre (810 ha) research campus. Areas of expertise include disease ecology, urban ecology, freshwater ecology and provisioning, and forest health.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Delaware Student Testing Program
The Delaware Student Testing Program (DSTP) is a test designed to measure progress towards the Delaware Content Standards. Students are tested in grades 2–10 in reading and mathematics, grades 5, 8, and 10 in writing, and grades 4, 6, 8, and 11 in science and social studies.

The program has been criticized by parents for being ineffective and distorted.

Reading
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol or an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (e.g., braille).

There is a growing body of evidence which illustrates the importance of reading for pleasure for both educational purposes as well as personal development.
Particula
"Particula" is a song performed by American electronic music trio Major Lazer from their EP Know No Better (2017). The song features DJ Maphorisa and vocals by South African rapper Nasty C, Nigerian artists Ice Prince and Patoranking, and Nigerian-American hip hop recording artist Jidenna.

Ice Prince
Panshak Henry Zamani (born 30 October 1986) better known as Ice Prince or Ice Prince Zamani, is a Nigerian rapper, singer and songwriter. He rose to fame after releasing "Oleku", one of Nigeria's most remixed songs of all time. He won the 2009 Hennessy Artistry Club Tour. His debut studio album Everybody Loves Ice Prince was released in 2011. It was supported by three singles: "Oleku", "Superstar" and "Juju". In 2013, Ice Prince released Fire of Zamani as his second studio album. The album contained the singles "Aboki", "More", "Gimme Dat" and "I Swear". On 1 July 2015, Ice Prince was announced as the vice president of Chocolate City. He held the position until leaving the label in 2016. He has collaborated with several African rappers, including Navio, Khaligraph Jones, AKA, and Sarkodie.
Coppanaghmore
Coppanaghmore, an Anglicisation of the Gaelic ‘Copanach Mór’ meaning The Big Place covered with Dock-leaves, is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Glangevlin and barony of Tullyhaw.

Templeport
Templeport (Irish: Teampall an Phoirt) is a civil parish in the barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland. The chief towns in the parish are Bawnboy and Ballymagauran. The large Roman Catholic parish of Templeport containing 42,172 statute acres was split up in the 18th & 19th centuries into three new parishes, Templeport, Corlough and Glangevlin.
Conotoxin
A conotoxin is one of a group of neurotoxic peptides isolated from the venom of the marine cone snail, genus Conus.

Conotoxins, which are peptides consisting of 10 to 30 amino acid residues, typically have one or more disulfide bonds.  Conotoxins have a variety of mechanisms of actions, most of which have not been determined.  However, it appears that many of these peptides modulate the activity of ion channels.
Over the last few decades conotoxins have been the subject of pharmacological interest.

The LD50 of conotoxin ranges from 5-25 μg/kg.

Median lethal dose
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. The value of LD50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. LD50 figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity. A lower LD50 is indicative of higher toxicity.

The term LD50 is generally attributed to John William Trevan. The test was created by J. W. Trevan in 1927. The term semilethal dose is occasionally used in the same sense, in particular with translations of foreign language text, but can also refer to a sublethal dose. LD50 is usually determined by tests on animals such as laboratory mice. In 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved alternative methods to LD50 for testing the cosmetic drug botox without animal tests.
Fortitude Valley Air Raid Shelters
Fortitude Valley Air Raid Shelters is a heritage-listed group of four air raid shelters at East Street and Wickham Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. They were built in 1942 by Brisbane City Council. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 September 2020.

Air raid shelter
Air raid shelters are structures for the protection of non-combatants as well as combatants against enemy attacks from the air. They are similar to bunkers in many regards, although they are not designed to defend against ground attack (but many have been used as defensive structures in such situations).
Pseudotrachydium
Pseudotrachydium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.

Its native range is Turkey to Central Asia and Pakistan.

Species:

Pseudotrachydium depressum (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov

Pseudotrachydium dichotomum (Korovin) Pimenov & Kljuykov

Pseudotrachydium kotschyi (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov

Pseudotrachydium pauciradiatum (Boiss. & Hohen.) Pimenov & Kljuykov

Pseudotrachydium vesiculosoalatum (Rech.f.) Pimenov & Kljuykov

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Arrondissement of Vitry-le-François
The arrondissement of Vitry-le-François is an arrondissement of France in the Marne department in the Grand Est region. It has 110 communes. Its population is 43,836 (2021), and its area is 1,402.0 km2 (541.3 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Oil cleansing method
The oil cleansing method, often abbreviated as OCM, is a system for cleaning the human body. It is sometimes used for treating acne. Sometimes, oils can be mixed; one example is 50% extra virgin olive oil and 50% castor oil. This mixture can be optimized based on skin type and personal preference.

In accordance with skin type variations, castor oil may be too harsh in some skin-care regimens and is sometimes used in a 1:9 ratio. However, overly oily skin can make use of a larger proportion of castor oil. Other oils that are commonly used are jojoba oil, sweet almond oil, coconut oil, argan oil, rose hip seed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, and grapeseed oil. Furthermore, some sources say that the oil cleansing method is not viable for sensitive skin.

Argan oil
Argan oil is a plant oil produced from the kernels of the argan tree (Argania spinosa L.), which is indigenous to Morocco and southwestern Algeria. In Morocco, argan oil is used to dip bread at breakfast or to drizzle on couscous or pasta. It is also used for cosmetic purposes.
Kikori whiskey
Kikori Whiskey is a Japanese-style whiskey distilled by Korean-American entrepreneur Ann Soh Woods. Launched in 2015, Kikori is a rice based whiskey aged three years. Based in Los Angeles, Kikori is distilled in Japan. Since whiskey is not typically distilled from rice, the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau has had difficulty properly classifying the liquor.

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.