hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 Africa Cup Sevens
The 2015 RA Africa Cup Sevens is an Olympic qualification tournament for rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Kempton Park, Gauteng, South Africa on 14–15 November 2015. It was the 3rd championship in a series that began in 2013.

The tournament qualified directly for the Olympics, while the second, third, and fourth place teams earned spots in the 2016 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament.

Rugby Africa
Rugby Africa is the administrative body for rugby union within the continent of Africa under the authority of World Rugby, which is the world governing body of rugby union. As of 2018, Rugby Africa has 37 member nations and runs several rugby tournaments for national teams, including the Africa Cup which is the main 15-a-side competition for African national teams.

Rugby Africa was founded in 1986 as the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR) to promote, develop, organise and administer the game of rugby in Africa. It was renamed Rugby Africa in December 2014.

The President of Rugby Africa is the Herbert Mensah from Ghana.
Flurb
Flurb was an American science fiction webzine, edited by  author Rudy Rucker and launched in August 2006.  In addition to short stories, Flurb featured paintings and photography by Rucker.  It was released biannually.  The author of an accepted story retained full copyright, including the right to have the story published elsewhere, and to request that it be taken down at any time.

Flurb releases tended to garner significant online attention, with issues having been mentioned in several blogs including Boing Boing and io9.

Contributors to Flurb included Terry Bisson, Eileen Gunn, John Kessel, Kim Stanley Robinson, Paul Di Filippo, John Shirley, Charles Stross and Cory Doctorow, as well as Rucker himself.

Flurb closed in 2012.

John Kessel
John Joseph Vincent Kessel (born September 24, 1950) is an American author of science fiction and fantasy. He is a prolific short story writer, and the author of four solo novels, Good News From Outer Space (1989), Corrupting Dr. Nice (1997), The Moon and the Other (2017), and Pride and Prometheus (2018), and one novel, Freedom Beach (1985) in collaboration with his friend James Patrick Kelly. Kessel is married to author Therese Anne Fowler.
Amerykan
Amerykan (German: Amerikon) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzeleczki, within Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, southern Poland. It is situated in the historical region of Prudnik Land.

The village is uninhabited. Ruins of a historic mill complex are located here.

Gmina Strzeleczki
Gmina Strzeleczki (German: Gemeinde Klein Strehlitz) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Strzeleczki, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Krapkowice and 23 km (14 mi) south of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 117.26 square kilometres (45.3 sq mi), and as of 2019, its total population was 7,391. Since 2006, the commune, like much of the surrounding area, has been bilingual in Polish and German.
Robinson, Pennsylvania
Robinson  is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:

Robinson Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

Robinson, Indiana County, Pennsylvania

Robinson Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania

Robinson Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Robinson Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Pittsburgh. The population was 15,503 at the 2020 census. Home to Robinson Town Centre, Settlers Ridge and The Mall at Robinson, the township serves as a retail hub for the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Caistor St Edmund Chalk Pit
Caistor St Edmund Chalk Pit is a 23.6-hectare (58-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Norwich in Norfolk, England. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This site provides the best exposure of the late Campanian Beeston Chalk, around 75 million years ago. It is very fossiliferous, with many molluscs and sea urchins.

The site is private land with no public access.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
Security of person
Security of the person is a basic entitlement guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948.  It is also a human right explicitly defined and guaranteed by the  European Convention on Human Rights, the Constitution of Canada, the Constitution of South Africa and other laws around the world.

In general, the right to the security of one's person is associated with liberty and includes the right, if one is imprisoned unlawfully, to a remedy such as habeas corpus.  Security of person can also be seen as an expansion of rights based on prohibitions of torture and cruel and unusual punishment.  Rights to security of person can guard against less lethal conduct, and can be used in regard to prisoners' rights.

Cruel and unusual punishment
"Cruel and unusual punishment"  is a phrase in common law describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to the sanction.  The precise definition varies by jurisdiction, but typically includes punishments that are arbitrary, unnecessary, or overly severe compared to the crime.
Samart Payakaroon
Samart Popteeratham (Thai: สามารถ ภพธีรธรรม, IPA: [sǎːmâːt pʰóptʰīːrāːtʰām]; born Samart Thipthamai; December 5, 1962), known professionally as Samart Payakaroon (สามารถ พยัคฆ์อรุณ, pronounced [sǎːmâːt pʰájákʔārūn]), is a Thai former professional Muay Thai fighter, professional boxer, and entertainer. He is a former four-division Lumpinee Stadium champion and WBC World Super Bantamweight Champion, as well as the 1981 and 1988 Sports Writers Association of Thailand Fighter of the Year, who was famous in the 1980s and 1990s. He is widely considered one of the greatest Muay Thai fighters of all time.

He has also released several successful albums in Thailand and appeared in multiple films and TV shows. Nowadays he works as a Muay Thai trainer at his own gym in Bangkok. His students include elite fighters such as Chalamchon SamartPrayakaroonGym.

ONE31
ONE31 (Thai: สถานีโทรทัศน์ช่องวัน 31) and branded as ONE HD 31, is a Thai digital terrestrial television channel owned by GMM Grammy under The One Enterprise. The network offers a variety of content such as drama, variety programs, competition, news and entertainment programs.

ONE31 first aired on December 1, 2011 with the name 1-Sky One (วัน-สกาย วัน) with content and television programs produced by companies under GMM Grammy. On April 1, 2012, it changed its name into GMM Z Hitz (จีเอ็มเอ็มแซต ฮิตส์).

On November 1, 2012, the channel changed its name to GMM One. Its current name, ONE31 was adopted on December 2, 2015.
Ma Tau Wai
Ma Tau Wai (Chinese: 馬頭圍, originally 碼頭圍, historically 古瑾圍) is an area in the Kowloon City District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was originally a walled village (Cantonese: 圍; Wai) between present-day Argyle Street and Prince Edward Road West, east of present-day St. Teresa's Hospital.

The area of Ma Tau Wai is not as well-defined as the original village, as the geographic features have been lost.

The public housing estate Ma Tau Wai Estate is named after the area / the original village.

Prince Edward Road
Prince Edward Road East (Chinese: 太子道東) and Prince Edward Road West (Chinese: 太子道西) are roads in Kowloon, Hong Kong, going in an east-west direction and linking Tai Kok Tsui, Mong Kok, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon City and San Po Kong (outside the retired Kai Tak Airport).

The roads were named after Prince Edward in 1922, later Edward VIII, after his visit to Hong Kong.

Prince Edward station and the Prince Edward area in Hong Kong are both named after Prince Edward Road, rather than Prince Edward himself.
Janet Kitz
Janet F. Kitz ONS MSM (January 12, 1930 – May 10, 2019) was a Scottish-born Canadian educator, author and historian based in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

She played a key role in the recognition of the 1917 Halifax Explosion, the largest man-made explosion prior to the atomic bomb and the worst man-made disaster in Canadian history.

Meritorious Service Medal (Canada)
The Meritorious Service Medal (French: Médaille du service méritoire) is a decoration that is, within the Canadian system of honours, one of the two Meritorious Service Decorations gifted by the Canadian monarch, through the Governor-in-Council. Created in 1991, the medal is intended to recognize individuals—both Canadian and foreign—who have carried out meritorious acts bringing benefit and honour in either of two categories: military and civilian. Award of the medal grants recipients the use of the post-nominal letters MSM.
4th Army Aviation Regiment "Altair"
The 4th Army Aviation Regiment "Altair" (Italian: 4° Reggimento Aviazione dell'Esercito "Altair") is an Italian Army regiment based at Bolzano Airport in South Tyrol. The regiment is part of the army aviation and assigned to the Airmobile Brigade "Friuli". Formed in 1976 as support unit of the IV Alpine Army Corps the regiment has been since then responsible for helicopter operations in the Italian Alps and constitutes, together with the 2nd Army Aviation Regiment "Sirio", the Italian Army's general support aviation capability. The regiment's anniversary falls, as for all Italian Army aviation units, on 10 May 1953, the day the aviation speciality was founded.

Cepheus (constellation)
Cepheus is a constellation in the deep northern sky, named after Cepheus, a king of Aethiopia in Greek mythology.  It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 constellations in the modern times.

The constellation's brightest star is Alderamin (Alpha Cephei), with an apparent magnitude of 2.5. Delta Cephei is the prototype of an important class of star known as a Cepheid variable. RW Cephei, an orange hypergiant, together with the red supergiants Mu Cephei, MY Cephei, VV Cephei, V381 Cephei, and V354 Cephei are among the largest stars known. In addition, Cepheus also has the hyperluminous quasar S5 0014+81, which hosts an ultramassive black hole in its core, reported at 40 billion solar masses, about 10,000 times more massive than the central black hole of the Milky Way, making this among the most massive black holes currently known.
Game Developers Conference
The Game Developers Conference (GDC) is an annual conference for video game developers. The event includes an expo, networking events, and awards shows like the Game Developers Choice Awards and Independent Games Festival, and a variety of tutorials, lectures, and roundtables by industry professionals on game-related topics covering programming, design, audio, production, business and management, and visual arts.

In October 2025, it was announced that the event will be rebranded to GDC Festival of Gaming beginning the following year.

Conference
A conference is a meeting, often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject, or to bring together people who have a common interest. Conferences can be used as a form of group decision-making, although discussion, not always decisions, is the primary purpose of conferences. The term derives from the word confer.
Tsala Apopka Lake
Tsala Apopka Lake is a chain of lakes located within a bend in the Withlacoochee River in Citrus County in north central Florida. This area is known historically as the Cove of the Withlacoochee.

Tsala Apopka Lake is composed of a number of lakes, swamps and marshes interspersed with islands, with a total open water surface area of about 19,111 acres (77.34 km2). It is spread through an area of about 63,000 acres (250 km2), bounded by State Road 200 to the north, State Road 48 to the south, the Withlacoochee River to the east, and US 41 to the west. About one-quarter of the area is in mesic hammocks or live oak scrub.

Florida State Road 200
State Road 200 (SR 200) is a major diagonal road in central and northeast Florida. Its southern terminus is at US 41 (SR 45) in Hernando (Citrus County). Its eastern terminus is at SR A1A in Fernandina Beach (Nassau County), at the corner of Atlantic Avenue and Fletcher Avenue.
The Tower Jakarta
The Tower is a 211.8 metres (695 feet) tall commercial office skyscraper located at Karet Semanggi, Setiabudi in South Jakarta, Indonesia. It is situated in the Golden Triangle of Jakarta. The building has 50 floors above and 5 floors below the ground. It was completed in 2016.

Setiabudi
Setiabudi is a district in the administrative city of South Jakarta, Indonesia. It is part of the Golden Triangle of Jakarta (Indonesian: Segitiga Emas Jakarta), the centre of business and commercial establishments in the city. Setiabudi is named after an Indonesian hero of partial Indo and Sundanese descent, Ernest Douwes Dekker, also known as Danudirdja Setiabudi. Setiabudi is bordered by Central Jakarta in the north.
Hershey Lodge
The Hershey Lodge is a hotel and convention center located in Hershey, Pennsylvania. It has 665 guest rooms and 100,000 square feet of function space, divided between two ballrooms and several other large event spaces.

The Lodge is a popular hotel among visitors of Hersheypark due to its shuttles to and from the park and Harrisburg International Airport, bundled admissions to local activities such as the Hershey Gardens, and its comparatively lower price point than the nearby Hotel Hershey.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Coat of arms of Querétaro
The coat of arms of Querétaro (Spanish: Escudo de Querétaro, lit. "state shield of Querétaro") is a symbol of the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro in Mexico.

The coat of arms of the state of Querétaro is a representation of a legend of the conquest of New Spain.  According to some chroniclers of that time, while the Spanish were fighting a battle against the Mesoamerican indigenous people, a total solar eclipse took place. During the time that the astronomical phenomenon lasted, the patron saint of Spain, Santiago el Mayor, also known as Santiago Matamoros and the Holy Cross appeared.

Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, relationship, or mathematical formula. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols: for example, a red octagon is a common symbol for "STOP"; on maps, blue lines often represent rivers; and a red rose often symbolizes love and compassion. Numerals are symbols for numbers; letters of an alphabet may be symbols for certain phonemes; and personal names are symbols representing individuals. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics.

In the arts, symbolism is the use of a concrete element to represent a more abstract idea. In cartography, an organized collection of symbols forms a legend for a map.
Chiapan deer mouse
The Chiapan deer mouse or Chiapan deermouse (Peromyscus zarhynchus) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a species of the genus Peromyscus, a closely related group of New World mice often called "deermice". It is endemic to Mexico.

New World rats and mice
The New World rats and mice are a group of related rodents found in North and South America.  They are diverse in appearance and ecology, ranging from the tiny Baiomys to the large Kunsia. They represent one of the few examples of muroid rodents (along with the voles) in North America, and the only example of muroid rodents to have made it into South America.

The New World rats and mice are often considered part of a single subfamily, Sigmodontinae, but the recent trend among muroid taxonomists is to recognize three separate subfamilies.  This strategy better represents the extreme diversity of species numbers and ecological types.

Some molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that the New World rats and mice are not a monophyletic group, but this is yet to be confirmed.  Their closest relatives are clearly the hamsters and voles.

The New World rats and mice are divided into 3 subfamilies, 12 tribes, and 84 genera.
Tracey Belbin
Tracey Lee Belbin OAM (born 24 June 1967 in Cairns, Queensland) is a former field hockey player from Australia, who represented her native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. There she won the gold medal with the Women's National Team.

As a student of the University of Queensland in Brisbane she graduated in 1993, getting a double major in psychology. After her active career she became a hockey coach, working as an assistant for the South African Women's Team. In January 1999 Belbin was named Head Coach of the US Women's Team, with whom she won the silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games. She resigned after the 2002 Women's Hockey World Cup.

In 2009 Belbin was inducted into the Queensland Sport Hall of Fame.

United States women's national field hockey team
The United States women's national field hockey team represents the United States in international field hockey. The team is currently coached by David Passmore. It made its first international appearance in 1920 when a touring team visited England, coached by Constance M.K. Applebee. The team made several international appearances in the early 20th century, leading to the United States hosting the 8th International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations Tournament in 1963. Once the IFWHA merged with its counterpart on the men's side, the United States' first appearance at an FIH-sanctioned tournament was the 1983 Women's Hockey World Cup in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the Americans ended up in sixth place. They have won bronze at the Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics and bronze at the 1994 World Cup.
Anastrepha suspensa
Anastrepha suspensa, known as the Caribbean fruit fly, the Greater Antillean fruit fly, guava fruit fly, or the Caribfly, is a species of tephritid fruit fly. As the names suggest, these flies feed on and develop in a variety of fruits, primarily in the Caribbean. They mainly infest mature to overripe fruits. While thought to have originated in Cuba, the Caribbean fruit fly can now also be found in Florida, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.

Anastrepha suspensa is a small brown and yellow fly that is can be distinguished from similar species by the placement of the veins in the wings. This fly is a pest species and has negative agricultural and economic impacts. Due to their ability to travel great distances (over 120 km) and wide range of adaptability, A. suspensa poses risks to any fruit growing country importing fruit from the Caribbean.

Pheromone
A pheromone (from Ancient Greek  φέρω (phérō) 'to bear' and  hormone) is a chemical that is secreted or excreted by an organism, which triggers a social response in members of the same species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used by many organisms, from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates, plants and ciliates communicate by using pheromones. The ecological functions and evolution of pheromones are a major topic of research in the field of chemical ecology.
Outline of sharks
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sharks:

Sharks (division Selachii) are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a highly streamlined body. The earliest known sharks date from more than 440 million years ago, before the time of the dinosaurs.

Skeleton
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.

Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton centered around an axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and their skeletons vary, including hard-shelled exoskeleton (arthropods and most molluscs), plated internal shells (e.g. cuttlebones in some cephalopods) or rods (e.g. ossicles in echinoderms), hydrostatically supported body cavities (most), and spicules (sponges). Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates.
2024 Kazakhstan Cup
The 2024 Kazakhstan Cup (known as the Fonbet Kazakhstan Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 32nd season of the Kazakhstan Cup, the annual nationwide football cup competition of Kazakhstan since the independence of the country. Tobol are the defending champions.

FC Tobol
FC Tobol (Kazakh: Тобыл футбол клубы) is a Kazakh professional football club based at the Central Stadium in Kostanay. They have been members of the Kazakhstan Premier League since its foundation in 1992. They won the Kazakhstan Premier League in 2010 and 2021, and finished no lower than fourth place between the 2002 and 2010 seasons. They also won the 2007 UEFA Intertoto Cup.
Barton Springs salamander
The Barton Springs salamander (Eurycea sosorum) is an endangered lungless salamander. It is endemic to Texas, United States. It was first found in Barton Springs in Austin, but is now also known from other localities in the nearby Travis and Hays Counties. Barton Springs is located within Zilker Park which is situated in the Edwards Aquifer in Austin, Texas. Eliza Springs, located within Barton Springs, has one of the largest populations of Barton Springs salamanders.

Hays County, Texas
Hays County is a county in the central portion of the U.S. state of Texas. It is part of the Austin-Round Rock metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, its official population had reached 241,067. The county seat is San Marcos. Hays, along with Comal and Kendall Counties, was listed in 2017 as one of the nation's fastest-growing counties with a population of at least 10,000. From 2015 to 2016, Hays County, third on the national list, had nearly 10,000 new residents during the year.

The county is named for John Coffee Hays, a Texas Ranger and Mexican–American War officer who fought the Texas- Comanche wars of the 1800s.