hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aluminothermic reaction
Aluminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions using aluminium as the reducing agent at high temperature.  The process is industrially useful for production of alloys of iron. The most prominent example is the thermite reaction between iron oxides and aluminium to produce iron itself:

Fe2O3  +  2 Al   →   2 Fe  +  Al2O3

This specific reaction is however not relevant to the most important application of aluminothermic reactions, the production of ferroalloys.  For the production of iron, a cheaper reducing agent, coke, is used instead via the carbothermic reaction.

Exothermic reaction
In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a "reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative." Exothermic reactions usually release heat. The term is often confused with exergonic reaction, which IUPAC defines as "... a reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change ΔG⚬ is negative." A strongly exothermic reaction will usually also be exergonic because ΔH⚬ makes a major contribution to ΔG⚬. Most of the spectacular chemical reactions that are demonstrated in classrooms are exothermic and exergonic. The opposite is an endothermic reaction, which usually takes up heat and is driven by an entropy increase in the system.
Ruth Aguilera
Ruth V. Aguilera is a Boston-based management science scholar, known by the wider public for her research on the monitoring and transformation of global corporate governance to enhance global business performance. She is the Distinguished Darla and Frederick Brodsky Trustee Professor in Global Business at the D'Amore-McKim School of Business at Northeastern University, as well as a visiting professor at ESADE Business School in her hometown, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Corporate governance
Corporate governance refers to the mechanisms, processes, practices, and relations by which corporations are controlled and operated by their boards of directors, managers, shareholders, and stakeholders.
Darke Hall
Darke Hall is a 470 seat performance hall located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The hall was named for Francis Nicholson Darke, the former mayor of Regina. Designed by architect J.H. Puntin, the hall was built in 1928 and had its inaugural concert opening on 6 January 1929. While the hall currently serves as the main performance venue for the Conservatory of Music at the University of Regina, for many years the venue was the city of Regina's main concert hall and the home of the Regina Symphony Orchestra. That changed after the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts opened in 1970.

Many notable entertainers have performed at Darke Hall, including  Barra MacNeils, Jorge Bolet, Jane Coop, Denise Djokic, Marjorie Lawrence, Nino Martini, Nan Merriman, Jan Peerce, Sarah Slean, Teresa Stratas, Jean Watson, Hawksley Workman, and Efrem Zimbalist.

Jean Watson
Jean Watson, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN, LL (AAN) (born July 21, 1940) is an American nurse theorist and nursing professor who is best known for her theory of human caring. She is the author of numerous texts, including Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring. Watson's research on caring has been incorporated into education and patient care at hundreds of nursing schools and healthcare facilities across the world.
Le Mérinos d'Or
Rôtisserie Le Mérinos d'Or was a restaurant in Groningen, in the Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1985 and retained that rating until 1991.

In 1977, the restaurant was owned by mr. Fr. Graaiman. Geerhard Slenema bought the restaurant, at that time a bistro, in 1978 and turned it slowly into a fine dining-restaurant.

Le Mérinos d'Or joined the Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise in 1986.

Owner and head chef Geerhard Slenema sold the restaurant in 1990, to open Herberg Onder de Linden in Aduard in 1991.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
Ariel Córdova Wilson
Ariel Córdova Wilson  is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative as replacement of Alejandro Moreno Cárdenas.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Fazio (play)
Fazio is a tragedy by the British writer Henry Hart Milman. It was first published in 1815. An unauthorised adaptation was performed at the Surrey Theatre under the title The Italian Wife. Another unauthorised version was performed at the Theatre Royal, Bath. In 1818 Milman granted permission for the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden to stage the play. It premiered there on 5 February 1818. It starred Charles Kemble as Giraldi Fazio, Elizabeth O'Neill as Bianca, Daniel Egerton as the Duke of Florence, Charles Mathews as Gonsalvo, William Blanchard as Bartolo, Harriet Faucit as Aldabella and Charles Connor as Falsetto. A first Dublin performance took place at the Crow Street Theatre on 6 April 1818. Fanny Kemble later played Bianca in Britain and America, where she appeared at the Park Theatre in 1832. It was revived on both sides of the Atlantic over the following decades.

Fanny Kemble
Frances Anne Kemble (later Butler; 27 November 1809 – 15 January 1893) was an English actress from a theatre family in the early and mid-nineteenth century. She was a well-known and popular writer and abolitionist whose published works included plays, poetry, eleven volumes of memoirs, travel writing, and works about the theatre.  She lived for many years in the United States, primarily in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Lenox, Massachusetts.

Kemble's "lasting historical importance...derives from the private journal she kept during her time in the Sea Islands" on her husband's plantations, where she wrote a journal documenting the conditions of the slaves on the plantation and her growing abolitionist feelings. She was also an early adopter of spoken word performances combined with music.
Erastes tou oneirou
Erastes tou oneirou (Greek: Εραστές του ονείρου) is a 1974 Greek comedy film directed and written by Giannis Dalianidis.  Dimitris (Dimitris Papamihail) carried away from his brother and went to robbed a villa in which Zoi (Zoi Laskari) lives and that made their recognition of their romance.  The movie made 70,456 tickets.

Giannis Dalianidis
Giannis Dalianidis (Greek: Γιάννης Δαλιανίδης; 31 December 1923 – 16 October 2010) was a Greek film director.

His first film was Mousitsa, released in 1959, which was followed by a series of musicals. Between 1974 and 1981, he produced the television series Luna Park.  In 2002, he was dubbed a "national film hero" at the International Thessaloniki Film Festival.
Couper baronets
The Couper Baronetcy is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 23 June 1841 for George Couper. He was a colonel in the Army and fought in the Peninsular War, served as Military Secretary to the Governors General of Canada, Sir James Kempt and Lord Durham, and was Comptroller of the Household and Equerry to Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent. The second Baronet was an administrator in India and served as Governor of the North-West Provinces between 1877 and 1882. Another member of the family to gain distinction was James Kempt Couper, second son of the first Baronet. He was a general in the Army.

The family surname is pronounced "Cooper".

North-Western Provinces
The North-Western Provinces (NWP) was an administrative region in British India. The North-Western Provinces were established in 1836, through merging the administrative divisions of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces. In 1858, the Nawab-ruled kingdom of Oudh was annexed and merged with the North-Western Provinces to form the renamed North-Western Provinces and Oudh (NWP&O). In 1902, this province was reorganized to form the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Allahabad served as its capital from 1858, when it also became the capital of India for a day.
Eudokia (wife of Constantine V)
Eudokia (Greek: Εὐδοκία) was the third empress consort of Constantine V of the Byzantine Empire. According to the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor, Eudokia was a sister-in-law of Michael Melissenos, strategos of the Anatolikon Theme. Her sister and brother-in-law were parents to Theodotus I of Constantinople.

Theme (Byzantine district)
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to the Balkans and Muslim conquests of parts of Eastern Roman territory, and replaced the earlier ancient provincial system established by Diocletian and Constantine the Great. In their origin, the first themes were created from the areas of encampment of the field armies of the East Roman army, and their names corresponded to the military units that had existed in those areas. The theme system reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries, as older themes were split up and the conquest of territory resulted in the creation of new ones. The original theme system underwent significant changes in the 11th and 12th centuries, but the term remained in use as a provincial and financial circumscription until the very end of the Empire.
Inskip Hotel
The Inskip Hotel was built in 1866, just north of Stirling City, California (Butte County, California),  and was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (75000425) in 1975.  The town itself was named after Mr. Edward “Doc” Watts Inskeep (commonly pronounced Inskip, therefore spelled that way) who first established a sawmill here and apparently  discovered gold at this location in 1857.

Butte County, California
Butte County (/ˈbjuːt/ ⓘ) is a county located in the northern central part of the U.S. state of California. In the 2020 census, its population was 211,632. The county seat is Oroville.

Butte County comprises the Chico, California, metropolitan statistical area. It is in the California Central Valley, north of the state capital of Sacramento.

Butte County is drained by the Feather River and the Sacramento River. Butte Creek and Big Chico Creek are additional perennial streams, both tributary to the Sacramento. The county is home to California State University, Chico and Butte College.
Bel Aire (Charlottesville, Virginia)
Bel Aire is a historic home and farm located near Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Virginia.  It was built about 1825, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, four bay brick double-pile dwelling in the Federal style. It features an original flat-roof portico and side gable roof. It has a shed-roof addition dating to about 1860 or 1870, and a one-story sunroom addition, dated to about 1980.  Also on the property are a contributing chicken coop, corn crib, garage, and family cemetery.  The property is associated with the prominent Virginia Michie family and documented as James H. Michie, owner.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Albemarle County, Virginia
Albemarle County is located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Its county seat is Charlottesville, which is an independent city entirely surrounded by the county. Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,395.

Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County, though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties. Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle. Its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson, who built his estate home, Monticello, in the county.
St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)
The St. Elizabeth's flood of 1421 was a flooding of the Grote Hollandse Waard, an area in what is now the Netherlands. It takes its name from the feast day of Saint Elisabeth of Hungary which was formerly 19 November. During the night of 18/19 November 1421 a heavy storm near the North Sea coast caused the dikes to break in a number of places and the lower-lying polder land was flooded. A number of villages were swallowed by the flood and were lost, causing between 2,000 and 10,000 casualties. The dike breaks and floods caused widespread devastation in Zeeland and Holland.

The flood separated the cities of Geertruidenberg and Dordrecht which had previously fought against each other during the Hook and Cod (civil) wars.

Elizabeth of Hungary
Elizabeth of Hungary (German: Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Hungarian: Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet, Slovak: Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Elisabeth of Thuringia, was a princess of the Kingdom of Hungary and the landgravine of Thuringia.

Elizabeth was married at the age of 14, and widowed at 20. After her husband's death, she regained her dowry, using the money to build a hospital where she herself served the sick. She became a symbol of Christian charity after her death in 1231 at the age of 24 and was canonized on 25 May 1235. She is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church. She was an early member of the Third Order of St. Francis, and is today honored as its patroness.
Ognyana Petrova
Ognyana Georgieva Petrova – Ognyana Dusheva (née Petkova, Bulgarian: Огняна Георгиева Петрова, born December 20, 1964, in Svilengrad) is a Bulgarian sprint canoer who competed from 1976 to 1988. Petrova won a bronze medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.'

Petrova started her sports career in Plovdiv with “Trakia” Sports Club of canoe-kayak in 1976. From 1981 to 1988, she was part of the Bulgarian national team, consistently being on the six-person team at the European and World Championships. She won the K-2 500 m bronze medal at the 1987 World Championships in Duisburg, West Germany.

Petrova was nominated as one of Bulgaria's ten-best women sprint canoers in the 20th century. She also won an Olympic service medal by the Bulgarian Olympic Committee and was awarded the emblem of Plovdiv by the city's mayor. Petrova also acts as a Judge for the International Canoe Federation and serves as the PR of the Bulgarian Canoe Federation.

Bulgarian Olympic Committee
The Bulgarian Olympic Committee (Bulgarian: Български олимпийски комитет, romanized: Balgarski olimpiyski komitet; abbreviated as БОК, BOC; IOC Code: BUL) is a non-profit organization serving as the National Olympic Committee of Bulgaria and a part of the International Olympic Committee.
Norman Parkinson
Norman Parkinson CBE (21 April 1913 – 15 February 1990) was an English portrait and fashion photographer. His work revolutionised British fashion photography, as he moved his subjects out of the studio and used outdoor settings. While serving as a Royal Air Force photographer in World War II, he started with Vogue magazine, discovering several famous models. He became an official royal photographer in 1969, taking photographs for Princess Anne's 19th birthday and the Investiture portrait of Charles III as Prince of Wales. Many other royal portraits included official portraits of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother for her 75th birthday. He was known for using elements of humour in his photographs. Parkinson received many honours during his life including the Royal Photographic Society's Progress Medal, the Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Society of Magazine Photographers, a Google Doodle, and a British postage stamp.

Queen (magazine)
Queen was a British society magazine established by Samuel Beeton in 1861 as The Queen. In 1958 the magazine was sold to Jocelyn Stevens and became one of the top publications of the "swinging sixties".

In 1970 the publication merged with British Harper's Bazaar to become Harper's & Queen. In 2006 the magazine dropped "& Queen" to become Harper's Bazaar UK.
Kalyazinsky District
Kalyazinsky District  (Russian: Каля́зинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Uglichsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the northeast, Pereslavsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the southeast, Sergiyevo-Posadsky District of Moscow Oblast in the south, Taldomsky District, also of Moscow Oblast, in the southwest, Kimrsky District in the west, and with Kashinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,671 square kilometers (645 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kalyazin. Population: 21,688 (2010 Census);  24,460 (2002 Census); 27,341 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kalyazin accounts for 63.9% of the district's total population.

Pereslavsky District
Pereslavsky District  (Russian: Пересла́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,130 square kilometers (1,210 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pereslavl-Zalessky (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 20,352 (2010 Census);  22,576 (2002 Census); 27,971 (1989 Soviet census).
Interfolio
Interfolio is an academic faculty management software and higher education technology company based in Washington, D.C.  The company provides software to assist shared governance processes and faculty activity tracking tools to assist with institutional accreditation and reporting. In January 2016, the company acquired $12 million in investor funding. On June 2, 2022, Elsevier, an entity in the realm of research publishing and information analytics, and a subsidiary of RELX, announced the successful acquisition of Interfolio.

RELX
RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London, England. Its businesses provide scientific, technical and medical information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations. It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1993 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.

The company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, AEX Index, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 Index.
Christmas carol
A Christmas carol is a carol (a song or hymn) on the theme of Christmas, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding Christmas and holiday season. The term noel has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.

O Tannenbaum
"O Tannenbaum" (German: [oː ˈtanənbaʊm]; "O fir tree"), known in English as "O Christmas Tree", is a German Christmas song. Based on a traditional folk song that was unrelated to the holiday, it became associated with the traditional Christmas tree.
2024 North Carolina Republican presidential primary
The 2024 North Carolina Republican presidential primary was held on March 5, 2024, as part of the Republican Party primaries for the 2024 presidential election. 74 delegates to the 2024 Republican National Convention were allocated on a proportional basis. The contest was held on Super Tuesday alongside primaries in 14 other states. Trump's best showing was in Bladen County, winning 90.4% of the vote there, while Haley's was in Mecklenburg County, where she won 44.8% of the vote.

Super Tuesday
Super Tuesday is the United States presidential primary election day in February or March when the greatest number of U.S. states hold primary elections and caucuses. Approximately one-third of all delegates to the presidential nominating conventions can be won on Super Tuesday, more than on any other day. The results on Super Tuesday are therefore a strong indicator of the likely eventual presidential nominee of each political party.

The particular states holding primaries on Super Tuesday have varied from year to year because each state selects its election day separate from one another.

Tuesday is the traditional day for elections in the United States. The phrase Super Tuesday has been used to refer to presidential primary elections since at least 1976. It is an unofficial term used by journalists and political pundits.
Pleioceras barteri
Pleioceras barteri grows as a shrub, liana or small tree up to 4 metres (13 ft) tall. Its flowers feature dark red or violet corolla lobes with yellow apex. Its habitat is forests, bush or open ground in coastal areas from sea level to 500 metres (1,600 ft) altitude. Local traditional medicinal uses include as an emmenagogue, abortifacient and also in the treatment of rheumatism and malaria. Pleioceras barteri is native to tropical West Africa and Cameroon.

Rheumatism
Rheumatism /ˈruːmətɪzəm/ (from the Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα, rheûma) or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and  "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism". There is a close overlap between the term soft tissue disorder and rheumatism. Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions.

The term "Rheumatic Diseases" is used in MeSH to refer to connective tissue disorders. The branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatism is called rheumatology.
Teple
Teple (Ukrainian: Тепле), also known as Krasnodon (Ukrainian: Краснодон) before 2016, is a rural settlement in Sorokyne urban hromada, Dovzhansk Raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast in Ukraine. Population: 5,201 (2022 estimate)

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.