hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Maria Kaufmann
Karl Maria Kaufmann (March 2, 1872, in Frankfurt am Main – February 6, 1951, in Ranstadt) was a German biblical archaeologist who later embraced National Socialism. Kaufmann also published under the pseudonym Marchese di San Callisto. In addition to his scientific work, he emerged as a writer and author of historical novels.

Liebieghaus
The Liebieghaus is a late 19th-century villa in Frankfurt, Germany. It contains a sculpture museum, the Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung, which is part of the Museumsufer on the Sachsenhausen bank of the River Main. The collection comprises some 3,000 sculptures, spanning over 5,000 years of culture.
Progesterone receptor B
The progesterone receptor B (PR-B) is one of three known isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR), the main biological target of the endogenous progestogen sex hormone progesterone. The other isoforms of the PR include the PR-A and PR-C.

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
Owens Lake
Owens Lake is a dry lake in the Owens Valley on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada in Inyo County, California. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Lone Pine. Unlike most dry lakes in the Basin and Range Province that have been dry for thousands of years, Owens held significant water until 1913, when much of the Owens River was diverted into the Los Angeles Aqueduct, causing the lake to desiccate by 1926. In 2006, 5% of the water flow was restored. As of 2013, it is the largest single source of dust pollution in the United States, and has been known since at least the 1990s as a pervasive source of fine alkaline dust containing harmful levels of particulates and chemicals.

Dry lake
A dry lake bed, also known as a playa (/ˈplaɪ-ə/), is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline compounds, it is known as an alkali flat. If covered with salt, it is known as a salt flat.
P. Mokkian
P. Mokkian was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as an Independent candidate from Rajapalayam constituency in 1980 election.

1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The seventh legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 28 May 1980. The election was held two years before the end of the M. G. Ramachandran (MGR) administration's term, as it was dissolved for the failure of the state machinery by the then President of India Neelam Sanjiva Reddy. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with the Indian National Congress (Indira) and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with Janata Party. Despite their landslide victory of 37 out of 39 seats at the general election in January 1980, DMK and the Indira Congress failed to win the legislative assembly election. AIADMK won the election and its leader and incumbent Chief Minister MGR was sworn in as Chief Minister for the second time.
Orshansky (surname)
Orshansky  or Orshanski is a toponymic surname meaning "someone from Orsha". Usually it is a Jewish surname. Belarusian-language form: Arshanski/Arshansky.

Isaac Orshansky (1851–1923), Russian psychiatrist

Michael Orshansky, American researcher in integrated circuit design

Mollie Orshansky (1915–2006), American economist and statistician

Tommy Arshansky, Israeli judoka

Tsezar Orshansky, Soviet Ukrainian animated film creator

Tommy Arshansky
Artiom "Tommy" Arshansky (Hebrew: ארטיום "טומי" ארשנסקי; born 26 September 1991) is an Israeli judoka. He represented Israel at the 2012 Summer Olympics competing in the men's extra lightweight (under 60 kg) weight category and won a bronze medal at the 2013 European Championships.

Arshansky was born in Moscow and after his family made aliyah lived in Tirat Carmel, Haifa and Kiryat Yam.
Ice Palace (film)
Ice Palace is a 1960 Technicolor historical drama adventure film directed by Vincent Sherman and adapted from a novel of 1958 written by Edna Ferber. The film stars Richard Burton, Robert Ryan, Carolyn Jones and Martha Hyer. It dramatizes the debate over Alaska statehood. Alaska had become a state in 1959.

Vincent Sherman
Vincent Sherman (born Abraham Orovitz, July 16, 1906 – June 18, 2006) was an American director and actor who worked in Hollywood. His movies include Mr. Skeffington (1944), Nora Prentiss (1947), and The Young Philadelphians (1959).

He began his career as an actor on Broadway and later in film. He directed B-movies for Warner Bros. and then moved to directing to A-pictures.  He was a good friend of actor Errol Flynn, whom he directed in Adventures of Don Juan (1949). He directed three Joan Crawford movies: The Damned Don't Cry (1950), Harriet Craig (1950), and Goodbye, My Fancy (1951).
Paolo Acerbis
Paolo Domenico Acerbis (born 5 May 1981) is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Eccellenza club AC Leon.

He also played for professional club Livorno in Serie A, as well as AlbinoLeffe, Triestina, Catania and Vicenza. He was suspended from 2012 to 2014. Since January 2015 Acerbis had played for several non fully professional clubs in Serie D and in Eccellenza Lombardy.

Serie C
The Serie C (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈtʃi]), officially known as Serie C Sky Wifi for sponsorship purposes, is the third-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie B and Serie A. The Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico (Lega Pro) is the governing body that operates the Serie C.

The unification of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Lega Pro Divisione Unica (often also abbreviated as Lega Pro) in 2014 reintroduced the format of the original Serie C that existed between 1935 and 1978 (before the split into Serie C1 and Serie C2). In May 2017, the Lega Pro assembly unanimously approved renaming the competition to its original name, Serie C.
Lhendup Dorji
Dasho Lhendup Dorji (Dzongkha: ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རྡོ་རྗེ, 6 October 1935 – 15 April 2007) was a member of the Dorji family of Bhutan. He was also the brother of the Queen of Bhutan, Ashi Kesang choden and uncle to the fourth king of Bhutan, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck. He served as acting Lyonchen (Prime Minister) following the assassination of his brother, Lyonchen Jigme Palden Dorji, on April 5, 1964.

Dasho
Dasho (Dzongkha: དྲག་ཤོས; Wylie: Drag-shos) (lit. Excellent One) is a Bhutanese honorific that is bestowed upon individuals, along with a red scarf kabney, by the Druk Gyalpo. In common practice, however, many senior government officials and social elites are addressed as Dasho without officially receiving the title and the red scarf kabney.

Although the title is bestowed upon both men and women, men are more likely to be addressed as Dasho without receiving the kabney. Dasho is also used for princes of the royal house, its female equivalent being Ashi.
Lippmann diagram
A Lippmann diagram is a graphical plot showing the solidus/solutus equilibrium states for a given binary solid solution (e.g., (Ba1-xSrx)SO4, barite/celestite) in equilibrium with an aqueous solution containing the two substituting ions: Ba2+ and Sr2+ (solid solution – aqueous solution system, or SS-AS). It was proposed in the 1970s by F. Lippmann to determine excess Gibbs functions. This diagram summarizes the thermodynamic basis of solid-solution aqueous-solution systems (SS-AS) equilibria and helps to predict the nucleation kinetics for solid solutions crystallizing from an aqueous solution.

In the diagram, the abscissa (horizontal axis) represents two variables with different scales to represent both the solid phase mole fraction and the aqueous activity fraction. The ordinate (vertical axis) represents the solid phase.

There are two variants of Lippmann diagrams:

Ion-activity Lippmann diagram

Total-scale Lippmann diagram

Celestine (mineral)
Celestine (the IMA-accepted name) or celestite is a mineral consisting of strontium sulfate (SrSO4). The mineral is named after its occasional delicate blue color. Celestine and the carbonate mineral strontianite are the principal sources of the element strontium, commonly used in fireworks and in various metal alloys.
Rebel (Iranian TV series)
Rebel (Persian: یاغی, romanized: yāği) is an Iranian Home series in the drama genre that has been made for Filimo's home Show service in 20 episodes. Mohammad Kart is the director of this series and its screenplay is written by Pedram Pouramiri, Hossein Doumari and Kart based on the novel Salto. The main actors of this series are Parsa Pirouzfar, Ali Shadman, Tannaz Tabatabaei, Amir Jafari, Niki Karimi, Farhad Aslani, Mehdi Hosseini-nia, Aban Askari, Mahlagha Bagheri, Abbas Jamshidifar, Javad Khajavi and Elika Naseri.
Yaghi premiered on May 29, 1401, and ended on September 31, consisting of 20 episode. this series were well received by critics and audiences.

Parsa Pirouzfar
Parsa Pirouzfar (Persian: پارسا پیروزفر) is an Iranian actor, theatre director, painter, playwright, and translator. He is best known for his role in In the Eyes of the Wind (2009–2010), and Mum's Guest (2004). He has received various accolades, including a Hafez Award and an Iran Cinema Celebration Award, in addition to a nomination for a Crystal Simorgh.
Vincenzo Mazza
Vincenzo Mazza (c 1748–1790) was an Italian painter and scenic designer for theaters, mainly in his native Bologna. In 1788, he served as principe of Accademia Clementina. He served as architetto teatrale for the Teatro Pubblico of Bologna.

As a scenic designer for Bolognese theaters, he also worked in a sphere that included Antonio Bibiena, Raimondo Compangnini, Vincenzo Martinelli, Paolo Dardani, Gaetano Alemani, Vicenzo Conti, and Mauro Braccioli.

Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna ('academy of fine arts of Bologna') is a public tertiary academy of fine art in Bologna, Italy. It has a campus in Cesena.

Giorgio Morandi taught engraving at the Accademia for more than 25 years.
Pumpkin Center, Dallas County, Missouri
Pumpkin Center is located in Grant Township,  
Dallas County, Missouri. It is in the Missouri Ozarks at an elevation of 1,130 feet, near the intersection of Missouri Route 64 and Missouri Route 73 off Pumpkin Center Drive.  It is approximately 7 miles north-northeast of Buffalo, the Dallas County seat, and about 26 miles west-northwest of Lebanon.

Missouri Route 64
Route 64 is a highway in central Missouri with endpoints of Route 254 south of Hermitage and Route 5 in Lebanon.

Route 64 is one of the original 1922 state highways and originally ran between Preston and Collins.  It would eventually be moved further to the south with its older alignment becoming U.S. Route 54.  It would also be extended east.
John Fitzgerald (footballer)
John Fitzgerald (born 10 February 1984) was an Irish footballer.

Fitzgerald started his career with Park Celtic. He later moved to St. Josephs Boys and then Blackburn Rovers. He represented Republic of Ireland Under-20 team at the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship.
He joined Galway United from Bury.

Fitzgerald captained Galway United on several occasions.

Galway United F.C.
Galway United Football Club (Irish: Cumann Peile Ghaillimh Aontaithe) is an Irish professional football club based in Galway. They play in the League of Ireland Premier Division, following a promotion from the First Division in 2023. The team was founded as Galway Rovers F.C. during the 1930s. They made their League of Ireland debut in the 1977–78 season, and changed their name to Galway United in 1981–82. After suffering financial difficulties, the club dropped out of the League of Ireland after the 2011 season, but in 2014 Galway United returned, initially playing as Galway F.C. for a season. Like other sports teams from the county, Galway United are nicknamed "The Tribesmen", after the 14 "tribes" of Galway, the merchant families that established the city.
Dimitrios Spanoulis
Dimitrios Spanoulis (alternate spelling: Dimitris, Dimitri) (Greek: Δημήτρης Σπανούλης; born October 11, 1979) is a Greek former professional basketball player. During his playing career, at a height of 6 ft 3 3⁄4 in (1.92 m) tall, he played at both the point guard and shooting guard positions on the basketball court.

Makedonikos B.C.
Makedonikos B.C., full name Makedonikos Neapolis B.C. (Greek: Μακεδονικός Νεάπολης K.A.E.) is a Greek professional basketball club. The club is located in Neapoli, Thessaloniki, Greece. The parent athletic club was founded in 1928, and the basketball department was founded in 1948. Makedonikos means "Macedonian" in Greek.
Balatlar Church
Balatlar Church or Sinope Koimesis Church originally built as a Roman Imperial bath in the 2nd century, the complex, featuring spaces such as the Palaestra, Frigidarium, Tepidarium, Caldarium, and Laconicum, was converted into a church in the late 4th or early 5th century. The church remained in use until the late 20th century and was transformed into an Orthodox burial ground during the Ottoman era, with numerous burials taking place both inside the building and in its courtyard, establishing it as a significant cemetery for the Orthodox community.

The church is located in the northern province of Sinop, Turkey, on the shores of the Black Sea.

All frescoes of Jesus, Mary, mother of Jesus and saints are heavily damaged because of the human and weather factors.

Palaestra
A palaestra (/pəˈliːstrə/ or /-ˈlaɪ-/; or palestra; Ancient Greek: παλαίστρα) was any site of a Greek wrestling school in antiquity. Events requiring little space, such as boxing and wrestling, occurred there. Palaistrai functioned both independently and as a part of public gymnasia; a palaestra could exist without a gymnasium, but no gymnasium existed without a palaestra.
2018 Hi-Tec Oils Bathurst 6 Hour
The 2018 Hi-Tec Oils Bathurst 6 Hour was an endurance race for Group 3E Series Production Cars. The event, which was staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, near Bathurst, in New South Wales, Australia, on 1 April 2018, was the third running of the Bathurst 6 Hour. The race was won by Grant and Iain Sherrin, driving a BMW M4 F82.

BMW M4
The BMW M4 is a high-performance version of the BMW 4 Series automobile developed by BMW's motorsport division, BMW M GmbH, that has been built since 2014.

As part of the renumbering that splits the coupé and convertible variants of the 3 Series into the 4 Series, the M4 replaced those variants of the BMW M3. Upgrades over the standard BMW 4 Series include an upgraded engine, suspension, exhaust system, brakes and weight reduction measures including increased use of carbon fiber, such as on the roof of the car, and the door cards.

The M4 also had a Competition Sport Lightweight (CSL) version that was 100kg lighter than the standard M4.
Norcliffe Hall
Norcliffe Hall is a large house encompassing 20,254 square feet near the village of Styal, Cheshire, England.  It stands to the west of the village and to the north of Styal Country Park.  It was built in 1831 for Robert Hyde Greg, the owner of Quarry Bank Mill, and designed by the Lichfield architect Thomas Johnson.  In 1860 a four-stage tower and a billiard room were added.

It is constructed in orange brick in Flemish bond brickwork with pink sandstone dressings.  It is roofed in Welsh slates, and has octagonal brick chimney stacks.  The architectural style is Elizabethan.  It has an irregular plan, and is in 2½ storeys with a south front of four bays.  It was designated as a Grade II listed building on 6 March 1975.

During the 20th century the house was used as a care home for the elderly.  As of 2007 it was being converted into residential apartments.  The house is surrounded by parkland and lawned areas.

Flemish bond
Flemish bond is a pattern of brickwork that is a common feature in Georgian architecture. The pattern features bricks laid lengthwise (stretchers) alternating with bricks laid with their shorter ends exposed (headers) within the same courses. This decorative pattern can be accented by glazing or burning the exposed ends of the headers so that they possess a dark, glassy surface that contrasts with the stretchers.: 23  Despite the bond's name, the pattern did not originate in Flanders and can be found in European architecture dating to the late Middle Ages.

The pattern became popular among prestigious architectural projects in 17th-century England before spreading to British colonies in North America where it became closely associated with colonial Georgian architecture, especially in Virginia and Pennsylvania. With the early 20th-century restoration project at Colonial Williamsburg, the pattern experienced renewed popularity in the United States.
Merchise
Merchise was a Computer Software group created circa 1991 at University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, in Santa Clara city, Cuba. It was founded by Ing. Medardo Rodriguez who desired to create a Computer Programming Research Team with headquarters in Las Villas U but formed by people with spontaneous and free ideas about what a computer team and software should be. The Merchise name per-se was an idea of the other co-founder Ing. Miguel Cepero and it refers to Mayan wizard deity (in Spanish).

Santa Clara, Cuba
Santa Clara is the capital city of the Cuban province of Villa Clara. It is centrally located in the province and Cuba. Santa Clara is the fifth-most populous Cuban city, with a population of nearly 245,959.
Patrick Kehoe
Patrick Kehoe was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. A farmer, he was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wexford constituency at the 1933 general election. He did not contest the 1937 general election. At the 1938 Seanad election, he was elected to Seanad Éireann by the Agricultural Panel. He lost his seat at the 1948 Seanad election.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
Operation Sunbeam
Operation Sunbeam (also known as Operation Dominic II) was a series of four nuclear tests conducted at the United States's Nevada Test Site in 1962. Operation Sunbeam tested tactical nuclear warheads; the most notable was the Davy Crockett.

The chief milestone of Operation Sunbeam was that it was the last nuclear test series on the Nevada Test Site conducted in the atmosphere by the United States. Since Operation Sunbeam, specifically the Little Feller 1 test of the Davy Crockett, all US nuclear tests on the Test Site have been carried out underground in accordance with the Partial Test Ban Treaty.

Tactical nuclear weapon
A tactical nuclear weapon (TNW) or non-strategic nuclear weapon (NSNW) is a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on a battlefield in military situations, mostly with friendly forces in proximity and perhaps even on contested friendly territory. Generally smaller in explosive power, they are defined in contrast to strategic nuclear weapons, which are designed mostly to be targeted at the enemy interior far away from the war front against military bases, cities, towns, arms industries, and other hardened or larger-area targets to damage the enemy's ability to wage war. No tactical nuclear weapons have ever been used in combat.
William Hayman
William Samuel Hayman  (3 June 1903 – 7 February 1993)  was an Anglican priest: he was the Archdeacon of Lewisham from 1960 to 1972.

Hayman was educated at  Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood  and St John's College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1927  and began his career as a curate at St Matthew, Brixton. He was Priest in charge of St Mark, Wimbledon then held incumbencies in Finstall and Cheam.

St John's College, Oxford
St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary.

St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with assets worth over £790 million as of 2022, largely due to nineteenth-century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.

The college occupies a site on St Giles' and in 2024 had a student body of 419 undergraduates and 244 postgraduates. There are over 100 academic staff, and a like number of other staff. In 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results, and in 2021, St John's ranked second with a score of 79.8.
Friendship (1784 ship)
Friendship was a merchant brig built in Scarborough, England, and launched in 1784. As part of the Australian First Fleet, she transported convicts from England to New South Wales. Due to problems manning her, she was scuttled in the Makassar Strait in October 1788.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
Biarmosuchia
Biarmosuchia is an extinct clade of non-mammalian synapsids from the Permian. Biarmosuchians are the most basal group of the therapsids. They were moderately-sized, lightly built carnivores, intermediate in form between basal sphenacodont "pelycosaurs" and more advanced therapsids. Biarmosuchians were rare components of Permian ecosystems, and the majority of species belong to the clade Burnetiamorpha, which are characterized by elaborate cranial ornamentation.

Pelycosaur
Pelycosaur (/ˈpɛlɪkəˌsɔːr/ PEL-ih-kə-sor) is an older term for basal or primitive Late Paleozoic synapsids, excluding the therapsids and their descendants. Previously, the term mammal-like reptile was used, and Pelycosauria was considered an order, but this is now thought to be incorrect and outdated. The terms stem mammals, protomammals, and basal or primitive synapsids are instead used where needed.

Because Pelycosaur excludes its own descendants, the advanced synapsid group Therapsida, the term is paraphyletic and contrary to modern formal naming practice. Thus the name pelycosaurs, similar to the term mammal-like reptiles, fell out of favor among scientists by the 21st century, and is only used informally, if at all, in the modern scientific literature.