hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George A. Garretson
George Armstrong Garretson (January 30, 1844 – December 8, 1916) enlisted as private in the Union Army during the Civil War and later graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York. He returned to duty for the Spanish–American War as a Brigadier-general of U.S. Volunteers. In civilian life he held many prominent positions including President of The Bank of Commerce. National Association; First Vice-President, The Guardian Savings & Trust Company; Trustee, Western Reserve University; Director, The Cleveland Electric Railway Company; Director and Chairman of Board, The Great Lakes Towing Company; Treasurer, The Montreal Mining Company; Director, The Citizens Savings & Trust Company; 
Director. The Wheeling & Lake Erie R. R. Co.; Director, The Cleveland Stone Company; Treasurer, Cleveland Subdivision Ohio Branch, American National Red Cross, all of Cleveland, Ohio.

Citizens Savings and Trust Company
Citizens Savings and Trust Company was a  bank in Cleveland, Ohio founded as the Citizens Savings and Loan Association. J.H. Wade established the bank and served as its chair. Hubbell & Benes, a Cleveland architectural firm that did many projects for he and his family, built the Citizens Building for the bank in 1903. The bank was merged into Union Trust in December 1920 and Joseph Randolph Nutt became president.
Palacký Bridge
The Palacký Bridge (1876) (Czech: Palackého most) is a bridge in Prague. It is one of the oldest functioning bridges over the Vltava in Prague after the Charles Bridge.

It was built as the third major bridge shortly after the 1868 opening of the Franz Joseph Bridge, designed by Rowland Mason Ordish which was damaged in 1941 and dismantled in 1946.

Josef Václav Myslbek created statues of four pairs of legendary couples for the bridge: Ctirad and Šárka, Libuše and Přemysl, Lumír and Píseň , and Záboj and Slavoj. These were later removed to the grounds of the Vyšehrad.

Rowland Mason Ordish
Rowland Mason Ordish (11 April 1824 – 1886) was an English engineer. He is most noted for his design of the Winter Garden, Dublin (1865), for his detailed work on the single-span roof of London's St Pancras railway station, undertaken with William Henry Barlow (1868) and the Albert Bridge, a crossing of the River Thames in London, completed in 1873.
Maurice Noualhier
Martial Jean Maurice Noualhier (1 September 1860, La Borie, Haute-Vienne – 7 April 1898, Arcachon) was a French entomologist who specialised in Hemiptera.

He was the son of Martial Noualhier and Anaïs née Pougeard du Limbert. Maurice Noualhier made collecting expeditions to Switzerland, to Morocco and to Algeria. He moved to the Canary Islands for his health and named a number of new species there. He purchased the Hemiptera and Coleoptera collection of Lucien François Lethierry (1830–1894). These specimens along with his own were left to the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle and his library to the Société entomologique de France of which he was a member.

National Museum of Natural History, France
In France, the National Museum of Natural History (French: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [myzeɔm nɑsjɔnal distwaʁ natyʁɛl]; MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a grand établissement of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries,  is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.

Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers. It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).
West Hayling
West Hayling is a  76.2-hectare (188-acre) Local Nature Reserve on Hayling Island in Hampshire. It is owned by Havant Borough Council and managed by the council and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. It is part of Langstone Harbour, which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.  It is also part of Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation and of Chichester and Langstone Harbours Ramsar site and Special Protection Area.

This site has large areas of intertidal mudflats and lagoons with vast numbers of marine invertebrates, which provide food for tens of thousands of wintering and breeding birds.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Kosmos 146
Kosmos 146 (Russian: Космос 146, lit. 'Cosmos 146'), also known as Soyuz 7K-L1 No. 2P, was a Soviet test spacecraft precursor to the Zond series, launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard the inaugural flight of the Proton-K rocket, an improved version of the Proton, which had been launched four times before.

The spacecraft was designed to launch a crew from the Earth to conduct a flyby of the Moon and return to Earth. The primary focus was a circumlunar flight, which would help document the Moon while also showing Soviet power. The test ran from the Zond program from 1967 to 1970, which produced multiple failures in the 7K-L1's re-entry systems. The remaining 7K-L1s were scrapped, ultimately replaced by the Soyuz 7K-L3.

Circumlunar trajectory
In orbital mechanics, a circumlunar trajectory, trans-lunar trajectory or lunar free return is a type of free return trajectory which takes a spacecraft from Earth, around the far side of the Moon, and back to Earth using only gravity once the initial trajectory is set.
Gustavo Lagos
Gustavo Lagos Cruz-Coke is a Chilean academic who studies the Chilean mining industry and in particular copper mining in the country. He is one of the founders of  Centro de Estudios del Cobre y la Minería (CESCO) established in 1986. Lagos studied originally mining engineering in the University of Chile from 1968 to 1973. He has also been mentioned as a "pioneer" of the studies of lithium mining in Chile by El Mostrador with particular reference to his 1986 book El litio, un nuevo recurso para Chile. He obtained a doctorate from the University of Leeds where he carried out research in the team led by M. Stanley Whittingham. He has influenced Estrategia Nacional del Litio, Chile's national policy on the lithium industry announced by President Gabriel Boric in 2023.

Lagos has also served as an economic advisor on the prices of copper for the Ministry of Finance and the Directorate of Budgets.

Ministry of Finance (Chile)
The Ministry of Finance of Chile (Spanish: Ministerio de Hacienda) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of managing the financial affairs, fiscal policy, and capital markets of Chile; planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing all financial policies formulated by the President of Chile.

Since March 2022, the Minister of Finance is Nicolás Grau.
Gaura, Jamo
Gaura is a village in Jamo block of Amethi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The namesake of the historical pargana of Gaura Jamun, Gaura consists of a main site called Gaura khas in the northeast surrounded by several smaller hamlets. The village lands are fertile and contain many orchard groves. In the east-central part there is a large jhil which provides a convenient source of irrigation but also sometimes overflows and floods the surrounding fields. Gaura is located just north of Jamo on the Gauriganj-Jagdishpur road, and another road also leads off to Musafirkhana.

As of 2011, Gaura has a population of 4,349 people, in 700 households. It has 3 primary schools and a family welfare centre and it does not host a regular market or weekly haat. It serves as the seat of a nyaya panchayat which also includes 6 other villages.

Musafirkhana
Musafirkhana is a town and tehsil in Amethi district in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The word "Musafirkhana" means "Sarai," or "Dharamshala". Musafirkhana is located 32 km northwest of district headquarters Amethi.

As of 2011, Musafirkhana's population is 7,999 people, in 1,276 households.
Adam Smith (TV series)
Adam Smith is a 1972 British series. Most episodes were written by Trevor Griffiths. The lead character was supposedly inspired by Denis Forman. It contains one of the last performances of Janet Munro.

Denis Forman
Sir John Denis Forman (13 October 1917 – 24 February 2013) was a Scottish executive in the British television industry long associated with the ITV contractor Granada, and with various charitable and governmental bodies in the arts.
1953 Concepción earthquake
The 1953 Concepción earthquake occurred on May 6 at 17:16 UTC (13:16 local time). The epicenter was located offshore Biobío Region, Chile. It had a magnitude of Ms 7.6, or ML 7.6. Twelve people were reported dead in this earthquake.

In Concepción, 15% of the buildings were damaged. Electricity and gas were not affected. However, the electricity service was suspended as a precaution.

In Chillán, the intensity reached MM X. Many houses were destroyed. The electricity, telegraph, and telephone services were interrupted.

In Tomé, several houses were damaged, and many families stayed in the open.

This earthquake was located close to the 1939 Chillán earthquake. However, the focal mechanism of the 1953 Concepción earthquake was reverse faulting, while that of the 1939 Chillán earthquake was normal faulting. It was not clear whether the 1953 Concepción earthquake was an interplate or intraplate earthquake.

Biobío Region
The Biobío Region (Spanish: Región del Biobío [ˌbi.oˈβi.o]) is one of Chile's sixteen regions (first-order administrative divisions). With a population of 1.5 million, thus being the third most populated region in Chile, it is divided into three provinces: Arauco, Biobío and Concepción. The latter contains its capital and largest city, Concepción, a major city and metro area in the country. Los Ángeles, capital of the Biobío Province, is another important city in the region.
Singularity Hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment
Singularity Hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment is a 2013 book written by Amnon H. Eden, James H. Moor, Johnny H. Soraker, and Eric Steinhart. It focuses on conjectures about the intelligence explosion, transhumanism, and whole brain emulation.

The book features essays and commentary on the technological singularity. One version of the hypothesis explored in the book states that humans will one day make an intelligent agent that will enter runaway self-improvement cycles, with each new version appearing more rapidly, causing an intelligence explosion and resulting in an intelligence that will far surpass us.

The book's contributing authors include computational biologist Dennis Bray, artificial intelligence researcher Ben Goertzel, neuroscientist Randal A. Koene, philosophers Diane Proudfoot and David Pearce, among others.

Computational biology
Computational biology refers to the use of techniques in computer science, data analysis, mathematical modeling and computational simulations to understand biological systems and relationships. An intersection of computer science, biology, and data science, the field also has foundations in applied mathematics, molecular biology, cell biology, chemistry, and genetics.
Istros Bay
Istros Bay (Bulgarian: залив Истрос, romanized: zaliv Istros, IPA: [ˈzalif ˈistros]) is the 3.2 km wide bay indenting for 1.4 km the east coast of Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is entered north of Lebed Point and south of Sugarloaf Island, and has its head fed by Highton Glacier.  Istros is the ancient name for the lower Danube River.

Highton Glacier
Highton Glacier (61°14′S 54°3′W﻿ / ﻿61.233°S 54.050°W﻿ / -61.233; -54.050) is a glacier on the east coast of Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, south of Sugarloaf Island, flowing northeast to the sea. Called "Stamina Glacier" from the stamina needed to cross it by the Joint Services Expedition to the Elephant Island Group, 1976–77, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1980 after Commander John E. Highton, Royal Navy, Deputy Leader of the expedition and in charge of the group on Clarence Island.
Ted M. Dawson
Ted M. Dawson (born April 19, 1959) is an American neurologist and neuroscientist.   He is the Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Professor in Neurodegenerative Diseases and director of the Institute for Cell Engineering at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He has joint appointments in the Department of Neurology, Neuroscience  and Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Tremella tremelloides
Tremella tremelloides is a species of fungus in the order Tremellales. It produces yellowish, brain-like to densely lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on Stereum basidiocarps on dead branches of broadleaved trees. It was originally described from the USA.

Tremellales
The Tremellales are an order of fungi in the class Tremellomycetes. The order contains both teleomorphic and anamorphic species, most of the latter being yeasts. All teleomorphic species in the Tremellales are parasites of other fungi, though the yeast states are widespread and not restricted to hosts. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when produced, are gelatinous.

The order currently comprises 11 families, containing around 250 valid species. Significant genera include Tremella, one species of which is edible and commercially cultivated, and the yeast genus Cryptococcus, several species of which are human pathogens.
One from the Vault
One from the Vault is a live album by the Grateful Dead, recorded on August 13, 1975, at the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco, California, for a small audience of radio programmers. Three weeks later, the concert was broadcast nationwide on FM radio through Metromedia, after which the radio show was widely traded by fans on cassettes, and sold in bootleg LP versions under various titles including Make Believe Ballroom, becoming the most widely circulated Grateful Dead bootleg.

The concert marked the first time that the album Blues for Allah was performed live in its entirety, along with eight other songs. Retrospectively, Rolling Stone magazine lists the concert as one of 20 "essential" live concerts by the Grateful Dead.

A high quality version of the concert was released on April 15, 1991, on Grateful Dead Records, presented on two CDs. It was the first complete concert recording released commercially by the band. A remastered three-LP vinyl version was released in 2013.

Bill Kreutzmann
William Kreutzmann Jr. (/ˈkrɔɪtsmɑːn/ KROYTS-mahn; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer and founding member of the rock band Grateful Dead. He played with the band for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups, and with his own bands BK3, 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids.
Borrowed chord
A borrowed chord (also called chord borrowing, mode mixture, modal mixture, substituted chord, modal interchange, or mutation) is a chord borrowed from the parallel key (minor or major scale with the same tonic). Borrowed chords are typically used as "color chords", providing harmonic variety through contrasting scale forms, which are major scales and the three forms of minor scales. Chords may also be borrowed from other parallel modes besides the major and minor mode, for example D Dorian with D major. The mixing of the major and minor modes developed in the Baroque period.

Borrowed chords are distinguished from modulation by being brief enough that the tonic is not lost or displaced, and may be considered brief or transitory modulations and may be distinguished from secondary chords as well as altered chords. According to Sheila Romeo, "[t]he borrowed chord suggests the sound of its own mode without actually switching to that mode."

Major scale
A major scale is a sequence of musical notes containing a major triad on the tonic.

Most commonly, the term "major scale" refers to the natural major scale (or Ionian mode), which is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like many musical scales, it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at double its frequency so that it is called a higher octave of the same note (from Latin "octavus", the eighth). The notes C–D–E–F–G–A–B form a prototypical major scale.

Some lesser-used scales are also sometimes called major scales, such as the harmonic major scale, the melodic major scale, and the Lydian and Mixolydian diatonic modes.
Never Let Me Go (TV series)
Never Let Me Go (Thai: เพื่อนายแค่หนึ่งเดียว; RTGS: Phuea Nai Khae Nueng Diao) is a 2022 Thai television series, starring Naravit Lertratkosum (Pond) and Phuwin Tangsakyuen. Directed by Tichakorn Phukhaotong, produced by GMMTV and Hard Feeling Film, the series was announced at the GMMTV Borderless event on December 1, 2021. The series premiered on GMM 25 and YouTube on December 13, 2022, airing on every Tuesday at 20:30 ICT (8:30 pm). The series concluded on February 28, 2023.

UTC+07:00
UTC+07:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +07:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2026-02-17T21:18:31+07:00. It is seven hours ahead of UTC, meaning that when the time in UTC is midnight (00:00), the time in areas using the time zone would be 07:00.

Also known as Indochina Time (ICT) and Western Indonesian Time (Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia Barat, WIB) (in Indonesia), it is used in:
JS Natori
Natori (なとり) is a frigate of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF), and the ninth ship of the Mogami class. She is named after the Natori River, which flows through the cities of Natori and Sendai in the Miyagi Prefecture, and the second ship to be named this way, after the Imperial Japanese Navy's Nagara-class cruiser Natori, as well as the first in the JMSDF era.

Natori, Miyagi
Natori (名取市, Natori-shi) is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2020, the city had an estimated population of 79,459 in 31,748 households, and a population density of 810 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 98.17 square kilometres (37.90 sq mi).
Maine State Route 106
State Route 106 (SR 106) is part of Maine's system of state highways, located in northeastern Androscoggin County.  It is a secondary highway running from an intersection with U.S. Route 202 (US 202), SR 11, and SR 100 south of Leeds northwest to Livermore Falls, where it intersects SR 133.  SR 106 is signed as a north–south highway.

Livermore Falls, Maine
Livermore Falls is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States.  The population was 3,060 at the 2020 census. It is included in both the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan New England City and Town Area. High school students in Livermore Falls attend Spruce Mountain High School.
Hans de Vries
Johannes "Hans" de Vries (12 March 1927 – 13 October 2021) was a Dutch economic historian of the De Nederlandsche Bank.

De Vries was born in Heemstede on 12 March 1927. In 1959 he obtained his PhD in economic sciences at the University of Amsterdam under Ieb Brugmans with a thesis titled: "Economische achteruitgang der Republiek in de achttiende eeuw". He was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979.

De Vries died in Bosch en Duin on 13 October 2021, at the age of 94.

Bosch en Duin
Bosch en Duin is a village in Zeist municipality, in the Dutch province of Utrecht. The village is situated to the north of the town of Zeist, and borders Huis ter Heide to the east and Den Dolder to the north. The village is entirely made up of estates surrounded by forest.

With 70%, Bosch en Duin has the highest percentage of houses worth more than 1 million euros of any town in the Netherlands, and also the highest average house price of all towns in the country.

The estate De Horst in Bosch en Duin, designed by architect Karel de Bazel, is now a protected landmark. Dutch journalist Willem Oltmans grew up here.
Funayama
Funayama (written: 船山 or 舟山) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Naoko Funayama (船山 直子), Japanese-American sportscaster

Takayuki Funayama (船山 貴之, born 1987), Japanese footballer

Yasue Funayama (舟山 康江, born 1966), Japanese politician

Yuji Funayama (disambiguation), multiple people

Yumie Funayama (船山 弓枝, born 1978), Japanese curler

Yumie Funayama
Yumie Funayama (船山 弓枝, Funayama Yumie) is a Japanese curler, born April 5, 1978, in Tokoro, Hokkaido as Yumie Hayashi (林 弓枝, Hayashi Yumie). She is currently the coach of Sayaka Yoshimura's team from Sapporo, Hokkaido.
Rusty Dedrick
Lyle "Rusty" Dedrick (12 July 1918 – 25 December 2009) was an American swing and bebop jazz trumpeter and composer born in Delevan, New York, probably better known for his work with Bill Borden, Dick Stabile, Red Norvo, Ray McKinley and Claude Thornhill, among others.

In 1971, Dedrick joined the faculty of the Manhattan School of Music, later becoming director of jazz studies.

He was the uncle of the members of the sunshine pop group, The Free Design.

Red Norvo
Red Norvo (born Kenneth Norville; March 31, 1908 – April 6, 1999) was an American musician, one of jazz's early vibraphonists, known as "Mr. Swing". He helped establish the xylophone, marimba, and vibraphone as jazz instruments. His recordings included "Dance of the Octopus", "Bughouse", "Knockin' on Wood", "Congo Blues", and "Hole in the Wall".