hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity
The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire is a 2011 book by Taner Akçam, published by Princeton University Press. It discusses the role of the Young Turk movement in the Armenian genocide and other ethnic removals.

The original version of the book is in Turkish. The English version has additional content as well as revisions of the original content. Wolfgang G. Schwanitz wrote in the Jewish Political Studies Review that The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity unifies the various perspectives of the time period 1913–1918, which the book focuses upon, into one historical narrative. The author states that there was no single decision to eliminate Armenians but instead the momentum to kill them came at multiple stages. Several documents cited by the book had been hitherto unpublished.

It is dedicated to Hrant Dink and to Vahakn Dadrian.

Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs
The Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs (JCFA), formerly the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (JCPA), is an Israeli conservative think tank specializing in public diplomacy and foreign policy founded in 1976. JCPA publishes the biennial journal Jewish Political Studies Review alongside other content.
Karl Henrik Johansson
Karl Henrik Johansson (born 1967 in Växjö, Sweden) is a Swedish researcher and best known for his pioneering contributions to networked control systems, cyber-physical systems, and hybrid systems. His research has had particular application impact in transportation, automation, and energy networks. He holds a Chaired Professorship in Networked Control at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. He is Director of KTH Digital Futures.

Swedish Research Council
The Swedish Research Council (Swedish: Vetenskapsrådet)  is a  Government agency in Sweden established in 2001, with the responsibility to support and develop basic scientific research. Its objective is for Sweden to be a leading nation in scientific research. The agency has three main functions:

To distribute government funding for basic research

To advise the government on issues related to scientific research

To communicate science and scientific research to the general public
Bufotes latastii
Bufotes latastii, commonly known as the  Baltistan toad, Ladakh toad or vertebral-banded toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the West Himalayan region at altitudes of 780–3,200 m (2,560–10,500 ft) from northern Pakistan to Ladakh in India; although sometimes reported elsewhere, this is the result of misidentifications of other species. It is found in alpine forests, coniferous forests, grasslands, paddy fields, mountain desert and roadsides. It often lives near water, like lakes and ponds, in the riparian growth. It can be beneficial to humans as it feeds on insects and their larvae within areas of agriculture.

It is generally fairly common, and not considered threatened by the IUCN, although locally declining due to habitat loss (logging), pesticides, and other sources of pollution.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Johnny the Horse
"Johnny the Horse" is a single by British band Madness from their 1999 album Wonderful. The song struggled to make an impact in the charts after the success of "Lovestruck", and peaked at #44 in the UK Singles Chart.

Wonderful (Madness album)
Wonderful is the seventh studio album by the British band Madness, released on 1 November 1999. It was the band's first studio album in fourteen years since Mad Not Mad in 1985, and also the first to feature their classic seven-piece line-up since 1984's Keep Moving. The album saw Madness reunite with their original production team, Clive Langer and Alan Winstanley, who had produced all of the band's previous work.
Don't Give Up (Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush song)
"Don't Give Up" is a song written by the English rock musician Peter Gabriel and recorded as a duet with English singer Kate Bush for Gabriel's fifth solo studio album, So (1986). An edited version was released by Geffen Records as the third single from the album in the UK on 20 October 1986 and as the fourth single in the US in March 1987. It was produced by Gabriel with Daniel Lanois and spent 11 weeks on the UK singles chart in 1986, peaking at number nine. Two different music videos were created for the song, directed by Godley & Creme and Jim Blashfield, respectively. In 1987 the song won an Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically.

Daniel Lanois
Daniel Roland Lanois CM (/lænˈwɑː/ lan-WAH, French: [lanwa]; born September 19, 1951) is a Canadian record producer and musician.

He has produced albums by artists including Bob Dylan, Neil Young, Peter Gabriel, Robbie Robertson, Emmylou Harris, Willie Nelson, and Harold Budd. He collaborated with Brian Eno to create the ambient genre and produce several albums for U2, including The Joshua Tree (1987) and Achtung Baby (1991). Three albums produced or co-produced by Lanois have won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Four other albums received Grammy nominations.

Lanois has released several solo albums. He wrote and performed the music for the 1996 film Sling Blade, and provided several vocal tracks for Red Dead Redemption 2.
Brian Chavez
Brian Chavez is a Republican member of the Ohio Senate representing the 30th district. He was appointed to the seat in 2023 following the resignation of Frank Hoagland.

He studied chemical engineering at the University of New Mexico. He is the manager and owner of Reno Oil and Gas LLC and Chavez Well Service LLC as well as the CEO of Deeprock Disposal Solutions LLC. He previously worked as engineer at Intel.

Prior to his appointment to the Ohio Senate, he was appointed by Ohio Governor Mike DeWine as one of five members of the Ohio Oil and Gas Commission for a term beginning on June 4, 2021.

Ohio Senate
The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly, the lower house being the Ohio House of Representatives. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session, and is currently Rob McColley.

Currently, the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats, with the Republicans controlling two more seats than the 22 required for a supermajority vote. Senators are limited to two consecutive terms. Each senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans, and each Senate district encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives districts.
Meeke
Meeke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alison Meeke (born 1991), Irish field hockey player

Brent Meeke (born 1952), Canadian ice hockey player

Elizabeth Meeke (1761–c. 1826?), British author

Kris Meeke (born 1979), Northern Irish rally driver

William Meeke (1758–1830), British politician

Kris Meeke
Kris Meeke (born 2 July 1979) is a British professional rally driver from Northern Ireland, best known for competing in the FIA World Rally Championship (WRC). He was the 2009 Intercontinental Rally Challenge champion. His co-driver is Seb Marshall. He began his career as a computer aided designer with M-Sport, at the headquarters of the Ford World Rally Team, before moving on to competing in the Peugeot Super 106 Cup in 2001.

In 2011, Meeke debuted in the World Rally Championship driving a MINI for Prodrive. His first event was the Rally d'Italia Sardegna which was held between 5–8 May. Meeke scored his first WRC points and won the Power Stage at the 2011 Rally Catalunya. His maiden WRC win was at the 2015 Rally Argentina.
Holland House, Kingsgate
Holland House is a Georgian country house, in Kingsgate, Kent in England. It was built between 1762 and 1768 by the politician Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland (1705–1774), of Holland House in Kensington, as his retirement home. It is a Grade II listed building.

John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury (30 April 1834 – 28 May 1913), known as Sir John Lubbock, 4th Baronet, from 1865 until 1900, was an English banker, Liberal politician, philanthropist, scientist and polymath. Lubbock worked in his family company as a banker but made significant contributions in archaeology, ethnography, and several branches of biology. He coined the terms "Palaeolithic" and "Neolithic" to denote the Old and New Stone Ages, respectively. He helped establish archaeology as a scientific discipline, and was influential in debates concerning evolutionary theory. He introduced the first law for the protection of the UK's archaeological and architectural heritage. He promoted the establishment of public libraries and was also a founding member of the X Club.
Rachel DeWoskin
Rachel DeWoskin (born 1972, Kyoto, Japan) is an American actress and author who is a 2012 recipient of the Alex Awards. As of June 2022 she was an associate professor of creative writing at the University of Chicago.

Alex Awards
The Alex Awards annually recognize "ten books written for adults that have special appeal to young adults ages 12 through 18". Since 2002, the Alex Awards have been administered by the Young Adult Library Services Association, a division of the American Library Association.

The awards, initially bestowed in 1998, were named after Baltimore librarian Margaret Alexander Edwards, who was known as "Alex". They are sponsored by the Margaret Alexander Edwards Trust and Booklist magazine. Books published during the previous year are eligible for the awards.
Joseph Pivato
Joseph Pivato (born February 1946, in Tezze sul Brenta, Italy) is a Canadian writer and academic who first established the critical recognition of Italian-Canadian literature and changed perceptions of Canadian writing. From 1977 to 2015 he was professor of Comparative Literature at Athabasca University, Canada. He is now Professor Emeritus.

Sheila Watson (writer)
Sheila Martin Watson (24 October 1909 – 1 February 1998) was a Canadian novelist, critic and teacher. She "is best known for her modernist novel, The Double Hook." The Canadian Encyclopedia declares that: "Publication of Watson's novel The Double Hook (1959) marks the start of contemporary writing in Canada."
Youssef Rahmeh military base
Youssef Rahmeh military base (Arabic: ثكنة يوسف رحمة Thouknat Yousif Rahme) is a Lebanese Army base under the jurisdiction of the North regional command (Bahjat Ghanem military base). Founded on May 1, 1980, the military base is the headquarters of the Skiing and Mountain Fighting School, located in the Cedar region near Bsharri.

It comprises a number of 50 bedrooms for the military personnel and one restaurant, in addition to an officers' club for the Lebanese military officers and their families.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.
55th Mountain Motor Rifle Brigade
The 55th Guards Mountain Motor Rifle Brigade (Russian:55-я отдельная гвардейская мотострелковая бригада (горная)) (Military Unit Number 55115) is a mechanized infantry brigade of the Russian Ground Forces. It is located in Kyzyl, Tyva Republic, as part of the 41st Combined Arms Army of the Central Military District.

Russian Ground Forces
The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопу́тные войска́ [СВ], romanized: Sukhopútnye Voyská [SV]), also known as the Russian Army in English, are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of the state borders and land-based combat operations.
The president of Russia is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces is appointed by the president of Russia. The Main Command of the Ground Forces is based in Moscow.
Kogado Studio
Kogado Studio (株式会社工画堂スタジオ) is a Japanese video game developer and graphic design company.

The company was founded in 1916 as Zuan to Hanga Tani Kogado (図案と版画 谷工画堂) and originally handled design and printing. In the late 1960s Kogado entered the toy market and handled the Japanese localization of board games from Milton Bradley before creating original board games for Takara. The company later entered video game development in the 1980s.

Kogado has released adventure, strategy, and bishōjo games for the MSX, MSX2, PlayStation 2 and PC, including such titles as Symphonic Rain, Gadget Trial, Little Witch Parfait, Tristia of the Deep-Blue Sea (which has been made an original video animation), and Power Dolls. The studio has a number of teams working together.

Bishōjo game
A bishōjo game (Japanese: 美少女ゲーム, Hepburn: bishōjo gēmu; lit. "pretty girl game") or gal game (ギャルゲーム, gyaru gēmu; often shortened to "galge") is "a type of Japanese video game centered on interactions with attractive girls".

Bishōjo games are similar to Choose Your Own Adventure books in the way of narrative, in which the game tells a story but the player may make choices to change how the story flows.
Conjunto Nacional (Brasília)
Shopping Conjunto Nacional (Joint National Mall) is the first shopping center in Brasília, and the second mall to be built in Brazil. It was opened in 1971 and is located near the bus station in the Central Zone of Brasília. It is the largest mall in the Federal District and is among the top 30 of Brazil, with 320 stores and 118,100 square meters built.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
Robert Burkall Marsh
Robert Burkall Marsh (born 1950) is a Welsh-born painter who moved to New Zealand as a child. His style has moved from photo-realist to expressionist.

Born in Cardiff, Wales in 1950, Marsh emigrated with his family to Auckland, New Zealand, where he was educated at Westlake Boys' High School. He then attended the Elam School of Fine Arts at the University of Auckland from 1967 to 1970, where he obtained a Diploma of Fine Arts. From 1975 to 1978 he studied at the Royal College of Art in London, gaining a MA in painting.

A prizewinner in the John Moores Liverpool Exhibition, Marsh has taught at Southwark College. His solo exhibitions, mainly in London and New Zealand, have included the Mertz Gallery and the Royal College of Pathologists.

Examples of his works are in collections including the National Theatre, the Granada Foundation, and the Royal College of Art.

Westlake Boys High School
Westlake Boys High School (Māori: Te Kura Tuarua o Ngā Taitamatāne o Ururoto) is a state secondary school for boys in Forrest Hill, Auckland, New Zealand. The school opened in 1962, when Westlake High School (opened 1958) split into Westlake Girls High School on the existing site and Westlake Boys High School on a new site. Serving Years 9 to 13, the college has 2,764 students as of October 2025.

In 2025, Paul Fordham, an ex pupil of the school, was appointed as the school's eighth headmaster. He replaced David Ferguson who served as Headmaster for 15 years.
Bentley S1
The Bentley S1 (originally simply "Bentley S") was a luxury car produced by Bentley Motors Limited from 1955 until 1959. The S1 was derived from Rolls-Royce's complete redesign of its standard production car after World War II, the Silver Cloud. Each was its maker's last standard production car with an independent chassis. The S-series Bentley was given the Rolls-Royce - Bentley L Series V8 engine in late 1959 and named the S2. Twin headlamps and a facelift to the front arrived in late 1962, resulting in the S3. In late 1965, the S3 was replaced by the new unitary construction Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow-derived T series.

Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine
The Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine is an engine introduced in 1959. Built in Crewe, it was used on most Rolls-Royce and Bentley automobiles in the four decades after its introduction, with its final application being the Bentley Mulsanne which ended production in 2020.

With BMW's acquisition of the rights to use the Rolls-Royce name in 1998, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars began using BMW supplied V12 engines but Bentley under Volkswagen Group ownership continued to use highly modified versions of the L series on its Arnage, Azure, Brooklands and Mulsanne models, with VAG W-12 and V8 engines being used in its Continental GT, Flying Spur and Bentayga models.
The Legendary Hero Is Dead!
The Legendary Hero Is Dead! (勇者が死んだ! 村人の俺が掘った落とし穴に勇者が落ちた結果。, Yūsha ga Shinda! Murabito no Ore ga Hotta Otoshiana ni Yūsha ga Ochita Kekka) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Subaruichi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Ura Sunday website and MangaOne app from December 2014 to December 2020, with its chapters collected into twenty tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation produced by Liden Films aired from April to June 2023.

Yurika Kubo
Yurika Kubo (久保 ユリカ, Kubo Yurika; born 19 May 1989, formerly rendered as 久保 由利香 until 2011) is a Japanese voice actress, singer and model. She is associated with Stay Luck. She played Hanayo Koizumi in the idol group μ's (pronounced "Muse"), which is part of the Love Live! franchise. Her nickname is Shikaco.
Dorobanțu, Călărași
Dorobanțu (Romanian pronunciation: [doroˈbant͡su];) is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Boșneagu, Dorobanțu, and Vărăști.

At the 2011 census, the population of Dorobanțu was 3,065. At the 2021 census, the population had decreased to 2,749.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Dame's Delight
Dame's Delight was a place for women to bathe on the bank of the River Cherwell in the meadows near the Oxford University Parks opposite Mesopotamia Walk in Oxford, England.

The site existed from 1934 to 1970, when it closed because of maintenance difficulties caused by flooding.

A similar bathing area Parson's Pleasure for nude male bathing, also existed nearby until 1991. It had been established at a much earlier date; both sites are now part of the folklore of Oxford University.

Dame's Delight inspired the title of a 1964 novel by Margaret Forster.

Margaret Forster
Margaret Forster (25 May 1938 – 8 February 2016) was an English novelist, biographer, memoirist, historian and critic, best known for the 1965 novel Georgy Girl, made into a successful film of the same name, which inspired a hit song by The Seekers. Other successes were a 2003 novel, Diary of an Ordinary Woman, biographies of Daphne du Maurier and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and her memoirs Hidden Lives and Precious Lives.
Couching (ophthalmology)
Couching is the earliest documented form of cataract surgery.  It involves dislodging the lens of the eye, thus removing the cloudiness caused by the cataract, resulting in aphakia. Couching was a precursor to modern cataract surgery and pars plana vitrectomy.

Phacoemulsification
Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery method in which the internal lens of the eye which has developed a cataract is emulsified with the tip of an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution to maintain the volume of the anterior chamber during the procedure. This procedure minimises the incision size and reduces the recovery time and risk of surgery-induced astigmatism.

It is best suited to relatively soft cataracts, where the ultrasonic energy required is moderate, and insertion of foldable intraocular prosthetic lenses, which take advantage of the small incision possible. It is the most common procedure for cataract removal in the developed world, with an excellent prognosis in uncomplicated cases.
Punjabi Shaikh
Punjabi Shaikh (Punjabi: پنجابی شيخ) is a Punjabi Muslim tribe and a branch of the Shaikhs in South Asia. In Punjab, the title Shaikh was given to recent converts to Islam and not to those of Arab descent as a polite euphemism.

The Shaikh caste were originally agricultural and can be found in the Faisalabad, Chiniot and Rawalpindi District of Punjab. However, in recent years, they have become urbanised and are involved in business and trade. The Punjabi Shaikh tribe are wealthy but have a small population in the Punjab. Notable people include Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad, a Pakistani politician.

Chiniot
Chiniot   (Punjabi, Urdu: چنیوٹ) is a city and the administrative headquarters of Chiniot District in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Located on the bank of the river Chenab, it is the 28th most populous city in Pakistan.

Chiniot is known for its intricate wooden furniture, architecture, and mosques. The Shahi Mosque, Omar Hayat Haveli, Laxmi Narayan temple and the shrines of Shah Burhan and Saeen Sukh are some of the notable specimen of Chinioti architecture in the town.