hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colthup's House
Colthup's House is a heritage-listed detached house at 109 Limestone Street, Ipswich in the City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was designed and built by John Farrelly c. 1880. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Single-family detached home
A single-family detached home – also called a single-detached dwelling, single-family residence (SFR), separate house, or other similar terms – is a free-standing residential building. It is defined in opposition to a multi-family residential dwelling.
Matekoraha Te Peehi Jaram
Matekoraha Te Peehi Jaram (27 February 1902–20 September 1978) was a New Zealand weaver, tailor, and community leader. Of Māori descent, she identified with the Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Maru (Taranaki) and Ngāti Pūkeko iwi. She was born in Whiritoa, Thames/Coromandel, New Zealand on 27 February 1902.

Ngāti Maru (Taranaki)
Ngāti Maru or Te Iwi o Maruwharanui is a Māori iwi of inland Taranaki in New Zealand. They are descended from Maruwharanui, the eldest son of Pito Haranui and his wife Manauea. Pito Haranui belonged to an ancient Taranaki people known as the Kāhui-Maru, whose genealogy predates the arrival of Toi.

The main hapu of Ngāti Maru (which also comprise smaller sections) are Ngāti Hinemōkai (includes Ngāti Rongonui), Ngāti Kōpua (includes Ngāti Tamatāpui and Ngāriki) and Ngāti Kui (includes Ngāti Te Ika and Ngāti Tamakehu).

Te Upoko o te Whenua Marae is the iwi's marae at Tarata. Ngarongo is the name of the whare puni (meeting house) and the whare kai (dining hall) is named Maruwharanui.
Atriplex spongiosa
Atriplex spongiosa, the pop saltbush (a name it shares with Atriplex holocarpa), is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae, native to central Australia, and introduced to South Africa and Iran. A halophyte, it can grow in media having an NaCl concentration over 600 mM.

Molar concentration
Molar concentration (also called amount-of-substance concentration or molarity) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Specifically, it is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per liter, having the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 (1000 mol/m3) in SI units. Molar concentration is often depicted with square brackets around the substance of interest; for example, the molarity of the hydronium ion is denoted as [H3O+].
1945 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1945 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 57th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Clonakilty entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 21 October 1945, Fermoy won the championship following a 0–06 to 0–03 defeat of Clonakilty in the final. This was their 7th championship title overall and their first title since 1906.

1906 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1906 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 19th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

St. Finbarr's were the defending champions from 1903 because the 1905 championship wasn't completed.

St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 2–9 to 0–6 defeat of Ballymartle in the final. As a result of this victory they were also awarded the 1905 championship title. Consequently, this was their fourth championship title overall and their third title in succession.
Dave Paul
David M. Paul (born 1968) is a Democratic member of the Washington House of Representatives.

Paul, who worked at Skagit Valley College for a decade, was first elected to the state legislature in 2018, running against Republican incumbent Dave Hayes. Before joining the House of Representatives, Paul served on the Oak Harbor Educational Foundation's Board of Directors as well as serving as the vice-president of Institutional Planning and Effectiveness at Skagit Valley College.

Paul represents the 10th Legislative District, which includes Island County as well as parts of both Skagit County and Snohomish County.

Skagit County, Washington
Skagit County /ˈskædʒɪt/ is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,523. The county seat and largest city is Mount Vernon. The county was formed in 1883 from the southern part of Whatcom County and is named for the Upper and Lower Skagit Indian tribes, which have been indigenous to the area prior to European-American settlement.

Skagit County comprises the Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Puget Sound region, and it is known for its strong agricultural sector and annual tulip festival.
Smoking in South Korea
Smoking in South Korea (Korean: 한국에서의 흡연) has decreased overall for both men and women in the past decades. However, a high prevalence of tobacco use is still observed, especially with the rise of novel tobacco products such as e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products. There are socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence according to gender, income, education, and occupational class. Advocates call for measures to reduce the smoking rates and address smoking inequalities using a combination of monitoring and tobacco control policies. These measures include significant price hikes, mandatory warning photos on cigarette packs, advertising bans, financial incentives, medical help for quitting, and complete smoking bans in public places.

In 2021, the smoking rate for Koreans over 19 was 19.3%, a record low. That year, 31.3% of men and 6.9% of women were smokers. A 2022 study reported that this was a 50% decrease from 20 years ago.

Gwanghwamun
Gwanghwamun (Korean: 광화문; Hanja: 光化門) is the main and south gate of the palace Gyeongbokgung, in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is located at a three-way intersection at the northern end of Sejongno. As a landmark and symbol of Seoul's history as the capital of Joseon, the gate has gone through multiple periods of destruction and disrepair. The most recent large-scale restoration work on the gate was finished and it was opened to the public on August 15, 2010.
The Wassaic Project
The Wassaic Project is a non-profit artist-run arts, community and art education space in Wassaic, New York founded in 2008 that curates exhibitions, produces community events and hosts artist residencies. Currently it consists of a year-round competitive residency program and year round arts programming.

Artist-in-residence
Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that provide artists with space and resources to support their artistic practice. Contemporary artist residencies are becoming increasingly thematic, with artists working together with their host in pursuit of a specific outcome related to a particular theme.
Castillonnais (Gironde)
Castillonnais is a small area of Gascony, France in the North East of the Gironde department, North of the Dordogne River and East of the Libournais area. Its main town, Castillon-la-Bataille, was the site of the last battle of the Hundred Years' War.

Every summer, an impressive "sound and light" spectacular is held in remembrance of this event, and draws in a large crowd. Castillonnais is also a winemaking are, whose appellation is Côtes de Castillon.

Battle of Castillon
The Battle of Castillon was a battle between the forces of England and France which took place on 17 July 1453 in Gascony near the town of Castillon-sur-Dordogne (later Castillon-la-Bataille). 
On the day of the battle, the English commander, John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, mistakenly believing that the enemy was retreating, led a relatively small advance force of his army in an attack on a strongly fortified French encampment without waiting for reinforcements. Talbot then refused to withdraw even after realising the strength of the French position, allowing the French artillery to successively obliterate his piecewise reinforcements as they arrived. Castillon was the first major European battle won through the extensive use of field artillery.

The battle led to the English losing nearly all their holdings in France, especially Gascony, which had been a possession of the Plantagenet kings for the previous three centuries. Political instability ensued in England.
Bang Si Thong
Bang Si Thong (Thai: บางสีทอง, pronounced [bāːŋ sǐː tʰɔ̄ːŋ]) is one of the nine subdistricts (tambon) of Bang Kruai District, in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. The subdistrict is bounded by (clockwise from north) Bang Krang, Bang Si Mueang, Bang Phai, Bang Kruai, Wat Chalo and Bang Khanun subdistricts. In 2020, it had a total population of 11,426 people.

Nonthaburi province
Nonthaburi is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946 (Thursday).

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, and Nakhon Pathom. Nonthaburi is the most densely populated province after Bangkok. The Bang Kwang Central Prison is in the province.
Khomustakh, Namsky Rural Okrug, Verkhnevilyuysky District, Sakha Republic
Khomustakh (Russian: Хомустах; Yakut: Хомустаах, romanized: Xomustaax) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Namsky Rural Okrug of Verkhnevilyuysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from Verkhnevilyuysk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 1,328, up from 1,311 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Sam Ehimigbai Ifidon
Professor Samuel Ehimigbai Ifidon ( born 7 July 1941) is a Nigerian retired librarian. He holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Classics from the University of London; postgraduate diploma, from the University of Ibadan, Masters of Library and Information Science, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Doctorate Degree from the University of Ibadan. A Chartered Librarian, Fellow of the Nigerian Library Association and member of Nigerian Institute of Management. He has published 7 books, 8 chapters in books, and over 50 articles in national and international journals.

University of Lagos
The University of Lagos (UNILAG) is a public research university located in Lagos, Nigeria, which was founded in 1962. UNILAG is one of the first generation universities in Nigeria and is ranked among the top universities in Africa in major education publications. The university presently has three campuses in the mainland of Lagos. Whereas two of its campuses are located at Yaba (the main campus in Akoka and the recently created campus at the former school of radiography), its college of medicine is located at Idi-Araba, Surulere. Its main campus is largely surrounded by the Lagos Lagoon and has 802 acres of land. As of 2024, the University of Lagos admits around 8,500 undergraduate students annually and enrolls over 57,000 students.
Ffarmers
Ffarmers is a village near Lampeter, in the north of Carmarthenshire, Wales. It was named after the old "Farmers' Arms" public house, which is now closed. The double "f" in the name comes from the Welsh language spelling of the "f" sound in "farmers". The village stands on the old Roman road, Sarn Helen, which was used by cattle drovers to take their livestock from Wales to Smithfield market in London.

The small rivers Afon Twrch and Afon Fanafas flow to the south of the village and join the River Tywi between Llandeilo and Carmarthen.

River Towy
The River Towy, also known as the River Tywi (Welsh: Afon Tywi, IPA: [ˈtəwɪ]),  is one of the longest rivers flowing entirely within Wales. Its total length is 120 km (75 mi). It is noted for its sea trout and salmon fishing.
La Negra Formation
La Negra Formation (Spanish: Formación La Negra) is a geologic formation of Jurassic age, composed chiefly of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, located in the Coast Range of northern Chile. The formation originated in marine and continental (terrestrial) conditions, and bears evidence of submarine volcanism as well as large explosive eruptions. The volcanism of La Negra Formation is thought to have lasted for about five million years.

The formation has a thickness of about 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) with the type section being a 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) thick exposure in Quebrada La Negra next to Antofagasta. La Negra Formation deposited diachronously along a series of intra-arc basins and overlies conformably the formations of Pan de Azúcar and Posada de los Hidalgo. The formation is intruded by plutons of varied composition including gabbro and granite.

Chilean Coast Range
The Chilean Coast Range (Spanish: Cordillera de la Costa) is a mountain range that runs from north to south along the Pacific coast of South America parallel to the Andean Mountains, extending from Morro de Arica in the north to Taitao Peninsula, where it ends at the Chile triple junction, in the south. The range has a strong influence on the climate of Chile since it produces a rain shadow to the east. Because of this the vegetation growing on the seaward slopes is much more exuberant than in the interior. Compared to the coastal lowlands and the Intermediate Depression, it is sparsely populated with land use varying from protected areas to grazing and silviculture. The range is present in all Chilean regions, except for Coquimbo Region and Magallanes Region.
Jack O'Keefe
Jack O'Keefe (29 September 1915 – 8 March 2000) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne, Hawthorn and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). O'Keefe was a reserve in Melbourne's 1939 Grand Final win in his first season. He was a premiership player again in his next two seasons before moving to Hawthorn in 1943. After 33 games with the Hawks he finished his career with a season at South Melbourne.

1939 VFL grand final
The 1939 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 30 September 1939. It was the 41st annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1939 VFL season.
Methyl fluoroacetate
Methyl fluoroacetate (MFA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula FCH2CO2CH3. It is the extremely toxic methyl ester of fluoroacetic acid. It is a colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature. It is used as a laboratory chemical and as a rodenticide. Because of its extreme toxicity, MFA was studied for potential use as a chemical weapon.

The general population is not likely to be exposed to methyl fluoroacetate. People who use MFA for work, however, can breathe in or have direct skin contact with the substance.

Potassium fluoride
Potassium fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula KF.  After hydrogen fluoride, KF is the primary source of the fluoride ion for applications in manufacturing and in chemistry.  It is an alkali halide salt and occurs naturally as the rare mineral carobbiite.  Solutions of KF will etch glass due to the formation of soluble fluorosilicates, although HF is more effective.
Guillermo Alfonso Jaramillo
Guillermo Alfonso Jaramillo Martínez (born June 25, 1950) is a Colombian politician and surgeon, graduated from the Universidad del Rosario, with specializations in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery from the University of Lund, and in pediatric cardiac surgery from the University of Uppsala, both in Sweden. He was elected governor of the department of Tolima on two occasions, one by presidential appointment and the other by popular election. He was a Senator of Colombia and Secretary of Government and Health of Bogotá Was elected mayor of Ibagué, for the period 2016–2019. Since May 1, 2023, he is the Minister of Health and Social Protection, in the administration of Gustavo Petro.

Tolima Department
Tolima (Spanish pronunciation: [toˈlima]) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the west by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km2, and its capital is Ibagué. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca.
2005 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters – Doubles
Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor were the defending champions, but lost in semifinals to Jonas Björkman and Max Mirnyi.

Björkman and Mirnyi won the title, defeating Wayne Black and Kevin Ullyett 7–6(7–3), 6–2 in the final.

Max Mirnyi
Maksim Mikalaevich "Max" Mirnyi (born 6 July 1977) is a Belarusian former professional tennis player.

Mirnyi became a doubles specialist following his singles career, in which he reached a career-high of World No. 18 (August 2003) and finished in the top 50 in the world for seven straight years despite only winning one ATP singles title (2003 Rotterdam Open). He represented Belarus in Davis Cup competition from April 1994, where he holds a record of 47 wins and 27 losses in 35 ties played. He reached the World No. 1 doubles ranking in June 2003 and won ten Grand Slam titles: Men's doubles in the 2000 and 2002 US Open and the 2005, 2006, 2011 and 2012 French Open; and mixed doubles in the 1998, 2007, and 2013 U.S. Opens and 1998 Wimbledon.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Mirnyi carried the flag of Belarus at the Opening Ceremony on 27 July 2012, and won the gold medal in the mixed doubles with Victoria Azarenka on 5 August 2012.

His nickname is "The Beast of Belarus".
Del Bates
Delbert Oakley "Del" (or "Butch") Bates Jr. (June 12, 1940 – September 24, 2009), was an American professional baseball catcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, in 1970. In 22 career games, he had 8 hits, in 60 at-bats. Bates batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

Bates was born in Kirkland, Washington, in 1940. After graduating from Bothell High School, he served four years in the U.S. Navy, as a submariner, stationed in Honolulu, Hawaii. After being discharged, Bates was signed by the Los Angeles Angels, as an amateur free agent, in 1963.

After retiring from baseball, Bates was a longshoreman at the Port of Seattle. He was active in the International Longshore Union, Local 19, until retiring, in 2004. Bates died on September 24, 2009.

International Longshoremen's Association
The International Longshoremen's Association (ILA) is a North American labor union representing longshore workers along the East Coast of the United States and Canada, the Gulf Coast, the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, and inland waterways; the ILA has approximately 200 local affiliates in port cities in these areas. The International Longshore and Warehouse Union is dominant on the West Coast, western Canada, Alaska, and Hawaii.
Strinava Glacier
Strinava Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Стринава, romanized: lednik Strinava, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik striˈnavɐ]) is the 6 km long and 3 km wide glacier in Sullivan Heights on the east side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is draining the northeast slopes of Mount Farrell and the southeast slopes of the ridge of Mount Levack, and flowing eastwards from Zmeevo Pass to join Dater Glacier west of Dickey Peak in Flowers Hills.

The feature is named after the medieval fortress of Strinava in northern Bulgaria.

Flowers Hills
The Flowers Hills (78°24′S 84°10′W﻿ / ﻿78.400°S 84.167°W﻿ / -78.400; -84.167) are a triangular shaped group of hills, 34.6 kilometres (21.5 mi) long and 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) wide, with peaks of 1,240 metres (4,070 ft) (Gubesh Peak) and 1,504 metres (4,934 ft) (Dickey Peak), extending along the eastern edge of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. The hills are bounded by Hansen Glacier and Dater Glacier to the west and north, Rutford Ice Stream to the east and Sikera Valley to the southwest, and separated from Doyran Heights to the west-southwest by Kostinbrod Pass.  Their interior is drained by Lardeya Ice Piedmont and Valoga Glacier.

The hills were first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Edwin C. Flowers, a meteorologist at the South Pole Station in 1957.
Czachów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Czachów [ˈt͡ʂaxuf] (German: Zachow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Cedynia, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Cedynia, 41 km (25 mi) south of Gryfino, and 60 km (37 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 220.

Cedynia
Cedynia ([t͡sɛˈdɨɲa]; German: Zehden, Latin: Cedene) is a historic town in Poland, and the administrative seat of Gmina Cedynia in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is situated close to the Oder river and the border with Germany. The town is known for the 972 Battle of Cedynia, the first historically recorded battle of Poland.
Semiotics of photography
Semiotics is the study of meaning-making on the basis of signs. Semiotics of photography is the observation of symbolism used within photography or "reading" the picture. This article refers to realistic, unedited photographs not those that have been manipulated in any way.
Roland Barthes was one of the first people to study the semiotics of images. He developed a way to understand the meaning of images. Most of Barthes' studies related to advertising, but his concepts can apply to photography as well.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.