hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karnaz
Karnaz (Arabic: كرناز Syriac ܟܪܢܵܫْܹܐ, Kirnaz or Kernaz) modified from Kafr Naz ܟܦܪ ܐܢܵܫْܹܐ,  is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of Hama, its elevation rang is 220-240 meter. Nearby localities include Kafr Zita and Khan Shaykhun to the east, Kafr Nabudah to the north, Qalaat al-Madiq and al-Suqaylabiyah to the west and Kafr Hud, Tremseh, and Shaizar to the south.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Karnaz had a population of 14,075 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims. People of Karnaz are known for openness and coexistence with other groups in Syrian society. They are living in harmony with other nearby Christian villages like al-Suqaylabiyah and Mhardeh, as well as with nearby Alawite villages like Hurat Ammurin, Ein Elkorum and Tell Salhab to the west. This feature stands despite the complications of the Civil War after 2012.

Hurat Ammurin
Hurat Ammurin (Arabic: حورات عمورين)  is a Syrian village located in Al-Suqaylabiyah Nahiyah in Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hurat Ammurin had a population of 3,143 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.
Aryabhatta College
Aryabhatta College is a NAAC accredited A+ college fully maintained by University of Delhi and named after the ancient Indian mathematician Aryabhatta. The college is located in South Delhi at Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus. It awards degrees under the University of Delhi and offers 15 courses at the undergraduate level in humanities, commerce and science streams. There are around 2200 students on the rolls of the college.

Aryabhata
Aryabhata ( ISO: Āryabhaṭa) or Aryabhata I (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga, 499 CE, he was 23 years old) and the Arya-siddhanta.

For his explicit mention of the relativity of motion, he also qualifies as a major early physicist.
Berkeley Preparatory School
Berkeley Preparatory School is an independent coeducational college-preparatory day school in Tampa, in Florida in the United States.. It is housed in eight buildings on a campus of about 80 acres (32 hectares), and has approximately 1200 students in classes from kindergarten to twelfth grade. It is affiliated to the Episcopal Church, and has either approval or accreditation from the College Board, the Florida Council of Independent Schools, the Florida Department of Education, the National Association of Episcopal Schools and the Southern Association of Independent Schools.

Southern Association of Independent Schools
The Southern Association of Independent Schools (SAIS), founded in 1953, is a U.S.-based voluntary regional accrediting association of more than 380 independent elementary and secondary schools with a combined enrollment of more than 220,000 students throughout the South. It establishes accreditation criteria and evaluation procedures by which private schools are reviewed.
Feroponera
Feroponera is a monotypic Afrotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae containing the single species Feroponera ferox. The genus is known only from a few specimens collected from an unoccupied termitary in Cameroon.

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
ERCC8
DNA excision repair protein ERCC-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC8 gene.

This gene encodes a WD repeat protein, which interacts with the Cockayne syndrome type B (CSB) and p44 proteins, the latter being a subunit of the RNA polymerase II transcription factor II H. Mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with the hereditary disease Cockayne syndrome (CS). CS is an accelerated aging disorder characterized by photosensitivity, impaired development and multi-system progressive degeneration. The CS cells are abnormally sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and are defective in the repair of transcriptionally active genes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

CS arises from germline mutations in either of two genes CSA(ERCC8) or CSB(ERCC6). CSA mutations generally give rise to a more moderate form of CS than CSB mutations.  Mutations in the CSA gene account for about 20% of CS cases.

Photosensitivity
In medicine, photosensitivity is an abnormal reaction of the skin to light. There are two types: photoallergy and phototoxicity. The photosensitive ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision.
Craig McGrath (rugby union)
Craig McGrath (born 2 April 1974) is a New Zealand rugby union coach and former player. He is currently an assistant coach with the Melbourne Rebels, and coach of the Melbourne Rising. His professional playing career spanned five seasons, where he played for Blues, as well as Auckland, North Harbour, and Viadana. His usual playing positions was Scrum-half.

He attended High School at Waitākere College.

Rugby Viadana
Rugby Viadana 1970 is an Italian rugby union club based in Viadana (province of Mantua,  Lombardy). The club was established in 1970, and has since won the Italian championship in 2002, and the Coppa Italia three times. They also compete in European rugby competitions and were runners-up in the European Shield in 2004. Viadana plays in yellow and black. The club did not compete professionally between 2010 and 2012 as they focused their efforts on Aironi. Aironi was based at Viadana's home ground and represented a number of regional teams in the multi-national Celtic League. The FIR withdrew Aironi's licence to play at the end of the 2012, so Viadana reformed as a professional team will play in Italy's top division, the National championship of Excellence, from the 2012–13 season and currently in the Top12.
Bzhedugs
The Bzhedugh (Adyghe: Бжъэдыгъу, pronounced [bʐɐdɘʁʷ]; Russian: Бжедуги; Turkish: Bjeduğlar) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes.

Many of them immigrated to Turkey in the 1860s, but there is still a community of Bzhedug on the left bank of the Kuban River (in the vicinity of Krasnodar). The Bzhedug people live in Adygea and Krasnodar Krai, and are well represented in the Adyghe (Circassian) diaspora in all countries of residence. Even in ancient times the Bzhedug people were divided into four tribes.

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
Rancho Las Cruces
Rancho Las Cruces was a 8,888-acre (35.97 km2) Mexican land grant in the Santa Ynez Mountains of present-day Santa Barbara County, California given in 1837 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Miguel Cordero.  The name means "the crosses".  The grant was inland of present-day Gaviota Beach and the Gaviota Tunnel.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
Signale für die musikalische Welt
Signale für die musikalische Welt was a German music magazine established by Bartholf Senff in Leipzig in 1843 and ceasing publication in 1941. From 1907 (when the journal was sold to Simrock) to 1919, it was based in Berlin and Leipzig, and from 1920 to 1941 in Berlin. Its music critics included Louis Köhler (1844–86), Rudolf Schwarz (1887–97), Alfred Heuß (1902–05), and Ludwig Karpath.

Nikolaus Simrock
Nikolaus Simrock (23 August 1751 in Mainz – 12 June 1832 in Bonn) was a German horn player at the court of the Elector of Cologne in Bonn and a music publisher. He was a friend of Ludwig van Beethoven and founder of the N. Simrock music publishing house. "Highly esteemed as a man and a musician", he remained in contact with Beethoven throughout the 1790s and is regarded as a "reliable witness" to Beethoven's years in Bonn.
2018–19 Xavier Musketeers women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Xavier Musketeers women's basketball team represented Xavier University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Musketeers, led by eighth-year head coach Brian Neal, played their games at the Cintas Center and were members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 11–19, 2–16 in Big East play to finish in last place. They lost in the first round of the Big East women's tournament to Providence.

On March 10, Neal was fired. He finished at Xavier with a 8 year record of 76–108.

2019 Big East women's basketball tournament
The 2019 Big East women's basketball tournament concluded the 2018–19 season of Big East Conference women's basketball. The event was held March 9–12, 2019, at Wintrust Arena in Chicago. DePaul won the championship game over Marquette, 74–73.
William Foley (cricketer)
William Bernard Henry Foley (3 October 1906 – 13 August 1963) was a South African cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1926 to 1947.

A hard-hitting batsman and brilliant fieldsman, Foley was one of the leading batsmen in the Currie Cup in 1929–30, scoring 446 runs for Transvaal at an average of 74.33. In the final match of the tournament, when Transvaal needed a victory to win the trophy, he scored 153, enabling Transvaal to make 417 all out and take four Rhodesian wickets by stumps on the first day. Transvaal won by an innings and secured the Currie Cup. In senior cricket in Johannesburg in 1929–30 he scored three centuries in consecutive innings "as a result of great hitting", including one in which he hit 13 sixes. In 1934–35, when Transvaal again won the Currie Cup, Foley scored 359 runs at 59.83.

He and his wife Gladys had five children.

CSA 4-Day Domestic Series
The CSA 4-Day Domestic Series is the domestic first class cricket competition of South Africa. The tournament is contested by teams from all nine provinces of South Africa.

First contested as the Currie Cup from 1889–90, the tournament has undergone many changes and modifications in its history. In 2004, the traditional province-based format was replaced, with many teams amalgamating. In its place, six entirely professional franchises were created that represented much larger population areas.

The competition underwent significant restructuring once again before the start of the 2021–22 season. The six-team franchise system was disbanded, and the tournament returned to its more traditional format. Fifteen province-based teams now compete across two divisions, determined by promotion and relegation.
Maria Spencer
Maria Spencer was a petroleum geologist. She attended the University of Oklahoma, where she obtained her master's degree in 1930. After graduating, Maria became a district geologist during the second World War. She worked in several locations throughout her career, such as Dallas, Oklahoma, California, Calgary, Amarillo, and Los Angeles, but most of her work was based out of Midland, Texas. In Midland, Spencer was a part of the Midland One project, which was a well sitting job and doing tests on wildcat wells. From there, she moved to work on Andros in the Bahamas, where she developed the Bahamas Deep Test, which focused mostly on strati-graphic testing.

Midland, Texas
Midland is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Midland County in West Texas, with small portions extending into Martin County. The population was 132,524 at the 2020 census. Located in the Permian Basin, Midland is a major center for American oil and natural gas production.

The Midland metropolitan area includes all of Midland County and had 169,983 residents at the 2020 census. The metropolitan area is part of the larger Midland–Odessa combined statistical area, which had a population of 340,391 in the 2020 census. Residents of Midland are referred to as "Midlanders".

Midland was founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881. The city has many connections to the Bush family; it was the one-time home of former U.S. presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, and the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush. The Bush Family Home State Historic Site is located in Midland.
1982 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1982 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 94th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 31 January 1982. The championship began on 1 May 1982 and ended on 10 October 1982.

St. Finbarr's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 10 October 1982 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between St. Finbarr's and Blackrock, in what was their first meeting in the final in three years. St. Finbarr's won the match by 2–17 to 3–09 to claim their 22nd championship title overall and a third successive title.

Midleton's John Fenton was the championship's top scorer with 2-24.

Blackrock National Hurling Club
Blackrock National Hurling Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club located on the southside of Cork City, Ireland. The club was founded in 1883 and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling. No other Cork-based GAA club has won more Senior County Hurling titles or All-Ireland Club Championships. The club is sometimes known as 'The Rockies'.
Samuel T. Hubbard Jr.
Samuel Thomas Hubbard Jr. (1884–1962) was a cotton industry executive and military intelligence officer with the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I. Hubbard served as chief of the Enemy Order of Battle Section in the G2 Military Intelligence Division and then as a liaison to the Allied Forces' headquarters for General John Pershing. He also served as director of the military intelligence school in Langres, France at the end of the war. Recognizing these efforts, the U.S. Army awarded Hubbard their Distinguished Service Medal, and France awarded him their Officier d'Académie Medal.  Returning to the U.S., Hubbard worked as an executive with Hubbard Brothers & Company (HBC), a cotton grower launched by his family members. Representing HBC, he served as vice president and then as president of the New York Cotton Exchange, the oldest commodity exchange in New York City.

New York Cotton Exchange
The New York Cotton Exchange (NYCE) is a commodities exchange founded in 1870 by a group of one hundred cotton brokers and merchants in New York City. In 1998, the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT) became the parent company of the New York Cotton Exchange, and it is now owned by IntercontinentalExchange (ICE).

The NYCE had its first permanent headquarters at 1 Hanover Square from 1872 to 1885, though it remained on Hanover Square, Manhattan, for over a century. Since 2003, its headquarters and trading facility have been in One North End Avenue.
Robert Kirkland (curler)
Robert "Bobby" Kirkland (born c. 1936) is a Scottish curler. He is a 1964 World men's championship silver medallist and three-time Scottish men's champion.

Kirkland and the entirety of his 1964 Scottish champion rink were farmers from Hamilton.

Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
Hamilton (Scots: Hamiltoun; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Hamaltan [ˈpalə ˈhaməl̪ˠt̪ʰan]) is a large town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It serves as the main administrative centre of the South Lanarkshire council area. It sits 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Glasgow, 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Edinburgh and 74 miles (120 km) north of Carlisle. It is situated on the south bank of the River Clyde at its confluence with the Avon Water. Hamilton is the county town of the historic county of Lanarkshire and is the location of the headquarters of the modern local authority of South Lanarkshire.

The town itself has a population of around 55,000, which makes it the 9th largest locality in Scotland, and anchors a defined settlement of 84,000 (including neighbouring Blantyre, Bothwell and Uddingston) which is the country's 8th largest.
Freckleton Pool
53°44′53″N 2°51′25″W﻿ / ﻿53.748°N 2.857°W﻿ / 53.748; -2.857

Freckleton Pool or Dow Brook is a tributary of the River Ribble running through the Fylde plain in Lancashire, England, flowing for 7.8 kilometres (4.8 mi) past the towns of Kirkham and Freckleton west of Preston.

Kirkham, Lancashire
Kirkham aka Kirkam-in-Amounderness is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, midway between Blackpool and Preston and adjacent to the town of Wesham. It owes its existence to Carr Hill upon which it was built and which was the location of a Roman fort. At the census of 2011, it had a population 3,304 (Kirkham South) plus 3,890 (Kirkham North), giving a total of 7,194. By the census of 2021 the total had risen to 3,217 (Kirkham South) plus 4,666 (Kirkham North), giving a total of 7,883.
Margab Fort
Margab Fort (Arabic: قلعة المرقب, lit. 'the watchtower citadel'), also known as al-Zirin Fort (Arabic: قلعة الظيرين), was a citadel in the eastern outskirts of the walled town of Riyadh in present-day Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is not known by whom the structure was built, but its origins trace as far back as the 16th century. The fort functioned as a security checkpoint for travelers passing through the town at the time of Second Saudi State in the 19th century. It was first restored by Turki bin Abdullah and the tradition of Iftar cannon was introduced during the reign of Faisal bin Turki. It was again restored in 1936 by King Abdulaziz ibn Saud and finally demolished in the period 1954–1957 during the reign of King Saud bin Abdulaziz when the city underwent expansion. The fort lent its name to the Margab neighborhood in the city's downtown, where it stood.

Iftar Cannon
The Iftar Cannon (Arabic: مدفع الافطار, romanized: Madfa al-ifṭār; Turkish: iftar topu; literally "cannon for breaking the fast"), also known as Ramadan Cannon, is a long-held Ramadan tradition that began in Egypt and spread to large parts of the Islamic world; every evening upon the sunset call to prayer (maghrib adhan), a cannon fires a single shot to notify people of the start of Iftar in Ramadan, when Muslims get to break their day-long fasting as the sun sets. The blast of the cannon was first used to inform the entire city of the time of Iftar, before the invention of accurate clocks and mass media; it no longer serves its main purpose but rather is a symbolic tradition. However in Turkey, some people still rely on the sound to break their fasts, but recently in some cities, a sound bomb is used instead of a canon.
Recknitz-Trebeltal
Recknitz-Trebeltal is an Amt in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Tribsees.

The Amt Recknitz-Trebeltal consists of the following municipalities:

Bad Sülze

Dettmannsdorf

Deyelsdorf

Drechow

Eixen

Grammendorf

Gransebieth

Hugoldsdorf

Lindholz

Tribsees

54°07′59″N 12°55′01″E﻿ / ﻿54.133°N 12.917°E﻿ / 54.133; 12.917

Tribsees
Tribsees (German pronunciation: [ˈtʁiːp.zeːs] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, in north-eastern Germany. It is situated 33 kilometres (21 mi) southwest of Stralsund, and 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Rostock.
Gbudwe State
Gbudwe State was a state of South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was created from Western Equatoria state. Tambura State was split from Gbudwe State on January 14, 2017. Gbudwe State was located in the Equatoria region. Gbudwe bordered the states of Lol, Maridi, Tambura, and Western Lakes, and also the province of Haut-Uélé in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Haut-Mbomou in the Central African Republic. The state had a population of 364,272 in 2008.

Ezo, South Sudan
Ezo is a town in Western Equatoria, South Sudan. As of 2008 the town had a population of 33,657, while Ezo County had a population of 80,861.
The town is on the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo and close to the tripoint of both countries with the Central African Republic. The town is mainly populated by the Azande People.
Aphnaeus orcas
Aphnaeus orcas, the common highflier or common silver spot, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria (south and the Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mongala, Uele, Tshopo, Tshuapa, Equateur, Sankuru and Lualaba), Uganda, western and south-western Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. The habitat consists of forests.

Both sexes feed from flowers and males mud-puddle.

The larvae feed on Alchornea cordifolia, Albizia, Allophylus, Blighia, Loranthus, Macaranga, Olea, Paullinia, Rhus, Scolopia, Scutia and Uncaria species. They are attended by ants of the family Formicidae.

Macaranga
Macaranga is a large genus of Old World tropical trees of the family Euphorbiaceae and the only genus in the subtribe Macaranginae (tribe Acalypheae). Native to Africa, Australasia, Asia and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the genus comprises over 300 different species. It was first described as a genus in 1806, based on specimens collected on the Island of Mauritius. Many species, such as Macaranga gigantea have uncommonly large leaves, and many are peltate.

Macaranga are noted for being pioneer species. Macaranga species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. Macaranga species often form symbioses with ant (Formicidae) species (particularly Crematogaster ants of the subgenus Decacrema) because they have hollow stems that can serve as nesting space and occasionally provide nectar. The trees benefit because the ants attack herbivorous insects and either drive them away or feed on them.