hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhode Island Independent Military Organizations
The Rhode Island Independent Military Organizations (also known as the Chartered Commands of the Rhode Island Militia) are a group of independently operated chartered militias in the state of Rhode Island, most of whose histories date back to the state's colonial and revolutionary history. Under Rhode Island law, they are considered part of state's organized militia forces but are explicitly distinct from Rhode Island's National Guard, State Guard, and Naval Militia. Today, these organizations are largely ceremonial and educational in purpose but are sometime called up for active civil service in minor capacities.

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was an English colony on the eastern coast of North America, founded in 1636 by Puritan minister Roger Williams, at a settlement he originally called Providence Plantations, after his exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Joined by three other settlements soon founded on Narragansett Bay, the colony became a haven for religious dissenters and was known for its commitment to religious freedom and self-governance.

The four Narragansett Bay settlements created an official confederacy through a charter under the Patent of 1643–1644, granted by the English Parliament. It received a more comprehensive Royal Charter in 1663 from King Charles II, which established its government and guaranteed its religious liberties. Rhode Island continued as a self-governing colony until 1776, when it declared independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution, becoming the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Paul Le Blanc (historian)
Paul Joseph Le Blanc (born 1947) is an American historian at La Roche University in Pittsburgh, as well as a labor and socialist activist. He has written and edited more than 30 books on topics such as Leon Trotsky and Rosa Luxemburg.

Thomas Merton Center (Pittsburgh)
The Thomas Merton Center was a non-profit grassroots organization in Pittsburgh with a mission to build and support collaborative movements that empower marginalized populations to advance collective liberation from oppressive systems.

The Center was co-founded by Molly Rush and Larry Kessler in 1972. The Thomas Merton Center is named after Thomas Merton, a Trappist monk of the Abbey of Gethsemani who wrote prolifically about issues related to peace and justice.

The Center ceased operations in 2024 due to budgetary constraints, although a consignment store associated with it remains open.
Mawdsley
Mawdsley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrés Aguilar Mawdsley (1924–1995), Venezuelan lawyer and diplomat

Barbara Mawdsley, the name of M, a fictional character in Ian Fleming's James Bond series

Evan Mawdsley (born 1945), British historian

James Mawdsley (trade unionist) (1848–1902), English trade unionist and Conservative Party candidate

James Mawdsley (born 1973), Traditionalist Catholic priest

Richard Mawdsley (born 1945), American artist known for his work in metalsmithing

Robert Mawdsley (born 1953), British serial killer responsible for the murders of four people

Sharlene Mawdsley (born 1998), Irish athlete

M (James Bond)
M is a codename held by a fictional character in Ian Fleming's James Bond book and film series; the character is the Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service for the agency known as MI6. Fleming based the character on a number of people he knew who commanded sections of British intelligence. M has appeared in the novels by Fleming and seven continuation authors, as well as appearing in twenty-four films. In the Eon Productions series of films, M has been portrayed by four actors: Bernard Lee, Robert Brown, Judi Dench and Ralph Fiennes, the incumbent; in the two independent productions, M was played by John Huston, David Niven and Edward Fox.
Spanish destroyer Alcalá Galiano
Three destroyers of the Spanish Navy were named Alcalá Galiano –

Spanish destroyer Alcalá Galiano (1925), a Churruca-class destroyer 1927 sold to Argentina, renamed ARA Juan de Garay. Decommissioned 1960

Spanish destroyer Alcalá Galiano (AG), a Churruca-class destroyer in service 1931–63

Spanish destroyer Alcalá Galiano (D24), a Fletcher-class destroyer in service 1960–88

USS Jarvis (DD-799)
USS Jarvis (DD-799) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy, the third Navy ship named for Midshipman James C. Jarvis (1787–1800), who was killed at the age of 13 during the historic engagement between the famed frigate Constellation and the French frigate La Vengeance.

Jarvis was laid down by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp., Seattle, Washington; 7 June 1943; launched 14 February 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Harold Burkit, daughter of  Rufus C. Holman, U.S. Senator from Oregon; and commissioned 3 June 1944.
Patrick Lemarié
Patrick Lemarié is a French auto racing driver born February 6, 1968, in Paris. He currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series, driving the No. 5 car for Academy Motorsport in the EuroNASCAR PRO class having previously competed for FEED Vict Racing and DF1 Racing. The son of Jean Pierre Lemarié (1941–2016), he spent four years performing testing work for the British American Racing Formula One team but was never considered for a race seat due to his lack of experience. Lemarié's manager, Craig Pollock, hired him to drive for the new PK Racing Champ Car team in 2003. He scored two tenth-place finishes in the first two events but was replaced after six races for Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca expert Bryan Herta. Lemarié has also competed in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, American Le Mans series, Indy Lights, Toyota Atlantic and Formula 3000.

In 2022, Lemarié became the oldest winner in NASCAR Whelen Euro Series by winning the final round of the season at 54 years old.

American Le Mans Series
The American Le Mans Series (ALMS) was a sports car racing series based in the United States and Canada. It consisted of a series of endurance and sprint races, and was created in the spirit of the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

The American Le Mans' headquarters was in Braselton, Georgia, adjacent to Road Atlanta.

In 2014, the series merged with the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series to form the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
Aboubakr Jamaï
Aboubakr Jamaï (Arabic: أبوبكر الجامعي; born 1968 in Rabat, Morocco) is a Moroccan journalist and banker, and was the publisher of the newspapers Le Journal Hebdomadaire and Assahifa al-Ousbouiya. In 2003, he was awarded the International Press Freedom Award of the Committee to Protect Journalists.

Committee to Protect Journalists
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in New York City, with correspondents around the world. CPJ promotes press freedom and defends the rights of journalists. The American Journalism Review has called the organization "Journalism's Red Cross." Since the late 1980s, CPJ has published an annual census of journalists killed or imprisoned in relation to their work.
Version targeting
In computing, version targeting is a technique that allows a group of (presumably knowledgeable) users (including software developers) to use some advanced software features that were introduced in a particular software version while allowing users accustomed to the prior versions to still use the same software as if the new features were never added to the software.  It is a way to ensure backward compatibility when new software features would otherwise break it.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Lawrence D. Reddick
Lawrence Dunbar Reddick (March 3, 1910 – August 2, 1995) was an African-American historian and professor who wrote the first biography of Martin Luther King Jr., strengthened major archives of African-American history resources at Atlanta University Center and the New York Public Library, and was fired by Alabama's state board of education for his support for student sit-ins at Alabama State College—an event that earned him honor for his courage and brought Alabama State College censure by the American Association of University Professors.

Alabama State University
Alabama State University (Alabama State, 'Bama State, or ASU) is a public historically Black university (HBCU) in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1867 during the Reconstruction era, it was one of about 180 "normal schools" established by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. It was one of 23 established to train African Americans to teach in segregated schools. ASU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alabama State's athletic teams, known as the Hornets, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Polish–German Wars (1003–1018)
The Polish–German Wars were wars consisted of a series of struggles in 1003–1018, between the Ottonian king Henry II of Germany (Holy Roman Emperor from 1014) and the Polish Piast ruler Bolesław I the Brave. The locus of conflict was the control of Lusatia and Upper Lusatia, as well as Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia. The fighting ended with the Peace of Bautzen in 1018, which left Lusatia and Upper Lusatia as a fief of Poland, and Bohemia became a duchy in the Holy Roman Empire.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Clear Hearts Grey Flowers
Clear Hearts Grey Flowers is the second and final studio album by American rock band Jack Off Jill. It was released on July 17, 2000, through 404 Music and Risk Records. It was produced by Chris Vrenna of Nine Inch Nails/Tweaker.

Due to the closure of Risk Records in January 2000 and the breakup of the band shortly after the album's release, Clear Hearts Grey Flowers received minimal promotion. However, the album's popularity grew through the internet and word of mouth and helped cement Jack Off Jill a cult following in the years following its release. Clear Hearts Grey Flowers was issued on vinyl for the first time by Sympathy For The Record Industry in 2006.

On May 26, 2021, Poppy released a cover of "Fear of Dying". The cover mainly keeps in line with the original song, which was recorded as a single.

A limited edition vinyl single of "Strawberry Gashes" and the full album was released in July 2025 for the 25th anniversary of the album's release.

Fluffy (band)
Fluffy were an English punk rock band from London, active between 1994 and 1998. Their most prominent line-up consisted of singer and guitarist Amanda Rootes, guitarist Bridgette Jones, bassist Helen Storer, and drummer Angie Adams. The band recorded several singles, an EP, and a studio album, Black Eye, in 1996.
Ettalong Beach
Ettalong Beach is a suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia south of Woy Woy on Brisbane Water at the point where it meets Broken Bay, about 86 km north of Sydney. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area. Ettalong Beach is the natural eastward continuation of Umina Beach and Ocean Beach. The village is serviced by a small retail centre along Ocean View Road.

The Mantra Ettalong Beach Resort (formerly operated by Outrigger) and Ettalong Beach War Memorial Club was completed in 2005.The Atlantis residential development on the corner of Memorial Avenue and The Esplanade was completed in 2018 and marks a new benchmark for mixed use development in the village centre.

Rotary Brisbane Water is based in Ettalong. One of the Central Coast's largest service clubs, members meet fortnightly at Ettalong Beach War Memorial Club.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.
René Poupardin
René Poupardin (27 February 1874 – 23 August 1927) was a French medievalist and paleographer whose most important works were on Burgundy, Provence and the south Italian principalities. He was an alumnus of the École nationale des chartes and a member of the École française de Rome from 1899 to 1902. He was studies director at the École pratique des hautes études and later a professor at the École des chartes. He also worked as a librarian at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Born at Le Havre and died at Fontainebleau, most of his life was spent in Paris and Rome.

Kingdom of Burgundy
Kingdom of Burgundy named after the Germanic tribe of Burgundians, was a name given to various successive kingdoms centered in the historical region of Burgundy during the Middle Ages. The heartland of historical Burgundy correlates with the border area between France and Switzerland, and includes the major modern cities of Geneva and Lyon.

As a political entity, Burgundy existed in a number of forms with different boundaries. During the 9th century, it was divided into Upper and Lower Burgundy and Provence. Two of these entities, the first established around the 6th century and the second around the 11th century, were called the Kingdom of Burgundy. Later successors to this state included the Kingdom of Provence, the Duchy of Burgundy and the County of Burgundy.
Mito Tokugawa clan cemetery
The Mito Tokugawa clan cemetery  (水戸德川家墓所, Mito Tokugawa-ke bosho) is located in the city of Hitachiōta, Ibaraki. The cemetery contains the graves of the Mito Tokugawa clan and three of its four cadet houses. This includes the successive daimyō of Mito Domain (250,000 koku), Matsudaira clan of Moriyama Domain (20,000 koku), Matsudaira clan of Hitachi-Fuchū Domain (20,000 koku) and the Matsudaira clan of Shishido Domain, 10,0000 koku. The only cadet branch whose graves are not at the cemetery is the Matsudaira clan of Takamatsu Domain, 120,000 koku). The cemetery was designated a National Historic Site in 2007.

Moriyama Domain
Moriyama Domain (守山藩, Moriyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in southern Mutsu Province in what is now part of the modern-day city of Kōriyama, Fukushima.  It was established by a cadet branch of the Tokugawa clan of Mito. A relatively small domain, it had a kokudaka of 20,000 koku.
Listed buildings in Askham, Cumbria
Askham is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It contains 59 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  Apart from the villages of Askham and Helton, the parish is entirely rural.  The most important building in the parish is the country house, Askham Hall; this and associated buildings are listed.   Most of the other listed buildings are houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings; these are mainly situated in the villages.  The other listed buildings include a church, monuments in the churchyard, public houses, a chapel, a bridge, three lime kilns, and a telephone kiosk.

Lime kiln
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

This reaction can take place at anywhere above 840 °C (1,540 °F), but is generally considered to occur at 900 °C (1,650 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 1 atmosphere), but a temperature around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 3.8 atmospheres) is usually used to make the reaction proceed quickly. Excessive temperature is avoided because it produces unreactive, "dead-burned" lime.

Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) can be formed by mixing quicklime with water.
2023 CFL draft
The 2023 CFL national draft was a selection of national players by Canadian Football League teams that took place on May 2, 2023, at 8:00 pm ET. 72 players were chosen from among eligible players from Canadian Universities across the country, as well as Canadian players playing in the NCAA and NAIA.

The draft was broadcast live on TSN for the first two rounds with subsequent rounds being streamed online. The TSN production was hosted by Farhan Lalji and featured the CFL on TSN panel, including Duane Forde, Marshall Ferguson, Jim Barker, and Dave Naylor.

Jim Barker
James Barker (born August 25, 1956) is an American professional football executive who is the director of player personnel for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Barker served as the general manager of the Calgary Stampeders from 2005 to 2007, and the Argonauts from 2011 to 2016. He was also the head coach of the Argonauts in 1999, with the Stampeders in 2003, and then again with the Argos from 2010 to 2011. He has also been a sports analyst for the CFL on TSN. Barker has also served as a football operations consultant and assistant coach for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He is a five-time Grey Cup champion having won twice as an assistant coach and three times as a football administrator.
Muhayimina Namuwaya
Muhayimina Namuwaya (born 1 January 1988) is an Ugandan netball player who represents Uganda internationally and plays in the position of goal keeper. She has represented Uganda at the 2018 Commonwealth Games and at the 2019 Netball World Cup.

Uganda national netball team
The Uganda national netball team, also known as the She-Cranes, represent the Uganda Netball Federation in international netball tournaments, such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Fast5 Netball World Series and the Netball Nations Cup. Uganda have won Africa Netball Cup, All-Africa Games and Netball Singapore Nations Cup tournaments. Their best results in major tournaments are fifth place finishes at the 2022 Commonwealth Games and the 2023 Netball World Cup. As of 25 July 2024, Uganda are sixth in the World Netball Rankings.
South Africa women's cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015–16
South African women were scheduled to tour Bangladesh in the second half of October. The tour consisted of three ODIs and five T20Is. On 5 October 2015, ten days prior to the supposed team's arrival in Bangladesh and four days after the men's Australian tour of Bangladesh was postponed, CSA decided to postpone the tour on grounds of security. On 15 October, a new schedule for the tour was sent by BCB to CSA and BCB announced the tour will take place in November consisting of three ODIs and four T20Is. However, on 2 November, one day before the team's new scheduled arrival in Bangladesh, it was reported the team would not arrive. A day later (3 November), CSA confirmed it was postponing the series over "personal security concerns".

As of 16 November (scheduled day of the last match from the tour) none of the matches has taken place. There has been no official statement from neither BCB nor CSA about new dates or rescheduling of the series.

Cricket South Africa
Cricket South Africa (CSA) is the governing body for both professional and amateur cricket in South Africa. In 1991, the separate South African Cricket Union and the South African Cricket Board merged to form the United Cricket Board of South Africa, ending racial separation governance in South African cricket. Cricket South Africa was formed in 2002, and initially ran parallel to the UCB, before becoming the sole governing body in 2008. As an affiliate of the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee, and a full member of the International Cricket Council, CSA administers all levels of cricket in South Africa, including the national teams in all three formats for both men and women.
Discovering Alabama
Discovering Alabama is a series on Alabama Public Television about Alabama's natural history. It is hosted by Doug Phillips, a naturalist-educator with the  Alabama Museum of Natural History which produces the show. Broadcast since 1985, the show has won four Southeast Emmy Awards. It the longest running show on Alabama Public Television and one of the station's most popular.

The show has aired more than 100 episodes in its 40-year history. As of 2019, 76 episodes were digitized and posted online.

The show has a partnership with the Alabama Department of Education.

Phillips wrote the 2002 book Discovering Alabama Wetlands with photographs by Robert P. Falls and a foreword by Edward O. Wilson. In 2006 Phillips book Discovering Alabama Forests was published. He was inducted into the university of Alabama Hall of Fame in 2023 for his work on the show.

Alabama Hall of Fame
The Alabama Hall of Fame was established by Act of Alabama No. 646 (1951) to recognize "worthy citizens of the state who rendered outstanding service or who won fame on account of their achievements as to make them exceptional in the history of Alabama". Its membership consists of people considered to be instrumental to the history of the state of Alabama, as selected by a nine-member board. The board was dissolved in 1990. The Hall of Fame plaques are located at the Alabama Department of Archives and History.