hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piedras Gordas
Piedras Gordas is a corregimiento in La Pintada District, Coclé Province, Panama. It has a land area of 137.8 square kilometres (53.2 sq mi) and had a population of 4,164 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 30.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (78/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 3,648; its population as of 2000 was 3,638.

Part of the La Pintada district, Piedras Gordas is nestled in the Tabasará Mountains.

Corregimientos of Panama
In Panama, a corregimiento is a subdivision of a district, which in turn is a subdivision of a province. It is the smallest administrative division level in the country; which is further subdivided into populated places/centres. As of 2012, Panama is subdivided into a total of 693 corregimientos, since several of these were created in the province of Bocas del Toro and the indigenous region (comarca indígena) of Ngäbe-Buglé.
Maxacapan, Veracruz
18°23′00″N 95°07′00″W﻿ / ﻿18.38333°N 95.11667°W﻿ / 18.38333; -95.11667

Maxacapan is a village and ejido, with a population of 981 in 2010, within the municipality of Catemaco, located on the edge of Laguna Catemaco, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of Catemaco City in south-central Veracruz. Locally, the ejido is well known for its tegogolos harvested from Laguna Catemaco.

Apple snail
Ampullariidae (commonly known as apple snails), is a family of large freshwater snails that includes the mystery snail species. They present an operculum and simultaneously have a gill and a lung as respiratory structures, which are separated by a division of the mantle cavity. This adaptation allows these animals to be amphibious. Species in this family are considered gonochoristic, meaning that each individual is either male or female.
Hoang Thi Than
Hoàng Thị Thân (born in 1944 at Phú Cường (Thủ Dầu Một, South Viêt Nam)) is the first woman to graduate from the Department of Geological Engineering of Laval University (Quebec, Canada), the first female Vietnamese geological engineer and archeologist. She is also a boat person.

Thủ Dầu Một
Thủ Dầu Một (listenⓘ) is a former city located in the Southeast region of Vietnam. It was the capital city of the former Bình Dương province (now merged to Ho Chi Minh City), Vietnam, located at around 10°58′0″N 106°39′0″E﻿ / ﻿10.96667°N 106.65000°E﻿ / 10.96667; 106.65000. The city has an area of 118.91 km², with a population of 373.105 (as of 2024), and is located on the left bank of the Saigon River, upstream from the city.
Nookawarra Station
Nookawarra Station is a pastoral lease and sheep station located in the Mid West region of Western Australia. The station occupies an area of approximately 604,000 acres (244,430 ha).

Situated approximately 350 kilometres (217 mi) to the north-east of Geraldton, it includes a good length of the Murchison River within its boundary. The property adjoins Boolardy, Milly Milly and Mileura Stations.

Murchison River (Western Australia)
The Murchison River is the second longest river in Western Australia. It flows for about 820 km (510 mi) from the southern edge of the Robinson Ranges to the Indian Ocean at Kalbarri. The Murchison-Yalgar-Hope river system is the longest river system in Western Australia. It has a mean annual flow of 208 gigalitres, although in 2006, the peak year on record since 1967, flow was 1,806 gigalitres.
Murdock, Illinois
Murdock is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Illinois, United States.  Its elevation is 640 feet (195 m).  Although Murdock is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 61941.

On September 2, 1983, a Baltimore and Ohio Railroad train derailed at about 3:30 p.m., starting a fire. The fire heated tanks filled with liquefied petroleum gas, resulting in two large boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions. The force of the first explosion catapulted one of the tanker cars 3,630 feet (1,110 m) into the wilderness. As night fell, the fire continued to burn, and the second explosion created a blinding light as if it was daylight at night. Both of these incidents were caught on video and shown on television programs and news segments around the world.

Derailment
In rail transport, a derailment is a type of railway accident that occurs when a moving rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway system and they are a potentially serious hazard.

A derailment of a train can be caused by a collision with another object, operator error (such as excessive speed through a curve), mechanical failure of tracks (such as broken rails) or wheels, among other causes. In emergency situations, deliberate derailment with derails or catch points is sometimes used to prevent a more serious accident.
Squash at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's singles
The women's singles squash event of the 2015 Pan American Games was held from July 11–13 at the Exhibition Centre in Toronto. The defending Pan American Games champion is Samantha Terán of Mexico, finished as one of the two bronze medallists.

The athletes were drawn into elimination stage draw. An athlete that lost a match was no longer able to compete. Each match was contested as the best of five games. A game was won when one side first scored 11 points. A point was awarded to the winning side of each rally. If the score became 10-all, the side which gained a two-point lead first won that game.

Enercare Centre
Enercare Centre, formerly known as the Direct Energy Centre and originally the National Trade Centre, is an exhibition complex located at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is used by the Canadian National Exhibition and the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, as well as by various trade shows. In 2015, it hosted several sport competitions and the broadcasting centre for the 2015 Pan American Games.

The naming rights for the complex are currently owned by energy services company Enercare Inc., a subsidiary of Brookfield Infrastructure Partners.
Yuriivka, Luhansk Oblast
Yuriivka (Ukrainian: Юріївка; Russian: Юрьевка, romanized: Yuryevka), formerly Yurivka (Ukrainian: Юр'ївка), is a rural settlement in Alchevsk urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 2,882 (2022 estimate)

On 18 June 2025, the Verkhovna Rada renamed the village to Yuriivka to match Ukrainian language standards.

Alchevsk Raion
Alchevsk Raion (Ukrainian: Алчевський район; Russian: Алчевский район) is a prospective raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is in the town of Alchevsk. Population: 437,513 (2021 est.). The area of the raion is occupied by Russia, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine.
Catlett (surname)
Catlett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Buddy Catlett (1933–2014), American jazz saxophonist

Charlie Catlett (born 1960), American computer scientist

Elizabeth Catlett (1915–2012), African-American graphic artist and sculptor

Gale Catlett (born 1940), American basketball coach

John Catlett (fl. from 2010), American politician

Juan Mora Catlett (born 1939), Mexican film and documentary director

Kyle Catlett (born 2002), American actor

Mary Jo Catlett (born 1938), American actress and comedian

Sid Catlett (1910–1951), American jazz drummer

Walter Catlett (1889–1960), American actor

John Catlett
John Wayne Catlett is an American politician and a Democratic former member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for District 73 from 2013 to 2015. Catlett also served from January 2011 until January 14, 2013, in the District 61 seat.

He was defeated for reelection in the November 4, 2014 general election by the Republican Mary Bentley of Perryville.
Krista Benjamin
Krista Benjamin (born 1970, Truckee, California) is an American poet and writer. Her poem, “Letter from My Ancestors” was selected by Guest Editor Billy Collins for inclusion in The Best American Poetry 2006. Additional poems and stories appear in The Sun, Margie, Minnesota Review, Pearl (literary magazine), and Phoebe, among other journals.  Recent awards include an Artist Fellowship and two Jackpot Grants from the Nevada Arts Council, as well as a Literary Artist Grant from the Sierra Arts Foundation.  Krista has also written freelance for numerous publications including Reno Magazine, Nevada Magazine, Think & Discover, and Above & Beyond.  She lives in Carson City, Nevada, where she is at work on a novel.

She is a graduate of the University of California, San Diego, where she received a B.A. in literature, and of Sierra Nevada College, where she did the coursework for her teaching credential.

Sierra Nevada University
Sierra Nevada University (SNU) was a private university in Incline Village, Nevada, in the Sierras. It was governed by a seven-member board of trustees who were locally elected. In 2022, it was announced that the school would no longer be independent and would be merged into the University of Nevada, Reno.
G. A. Grisenthwaite
Gordon Grisenthwaite is a Nlaka'pamux writer, and member of the Lytton First Nation, from Canada, whose debut novel Home Waltz was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction at the 2021 Governor General's Awards.

A member of the Lytton First Nation, Grisenthwaite worked as a graphic designer in Vancouver and Kelowna, before completing his master's in English literature and creative writing at the University of Windsor in the 2020. He has published short stories and poetry in various Canadian literary magazines including The Antigonish Review and Prism International; his short story "The Fine Art of Frying Eggs" was the winner of the John Kenneth Galbraith Literary Award in 2013, and his short story "Splatter Patterns" was longlisted for the 2021 CBC Short Story Prize.

University of Windsor
The University of Windsor (UWindsor, U of W, or UWin) is a public research university in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's southernmost university. It has approximately 17,500 students. The university was incorporated by the provincial government in 1962 and has more than 150,000 alumni.

The University of Windsor has nine faculties, including the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, the Faculty of Education, the Faculty of Engineering, Odette School of Business, the Faculty of Graduate Studies, the Faculty of Human Kinetics, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Nursing, and the Faculty of Science. Through its faculties and independent schools, the university has demonstrated its primary research focuses of automotive, environmental, social justice, and international trade research. In recent years, it has increasingly begun focusing on health, natural science, and entrepreneurship research.
Pitinga mine
The Pitinga mine is an open pit tin mine in Brazil. It is thought to have the largest undeveloped tin deposit in the world.
A complete community of 5,000 people was established in the remote location in the Amazon rainforest to support the mining operations, which began in 1982.
There have been accidents, but efforts have been made to minimise environmental damage and to restore areas that have been mined.
As of 2014 the more accessible alluvial deposits had been exhausted, but mining of primary rock was continuing.

Tantalum
Tantalum is a chemical element; it has symbol Ta and atomic number 73. It is named after Tantalus, a figure in Greek mythology. Tantalum is a very hard, ductile, lustrous, blue-gray transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as components of strong high-melting-point alloys. It is a group 5 element, along with vanadium and niobium, and it always occurs in geologic sources together with the chemically similar niobium, mainly in the mineral groups tantalite, columbite, and coltan.

The chemical inertness and very high melting point of tantalum make it valuable for laboratory and industrial equipment such as reaction vessels and vacuum furnaces. It is used in tantalum capacitors for electronic equipment such as computers. It is being investigated for use as a material for high-quality superconducting resonators in quantum processors.
Short Cut to Nirvana: Kumbh Mela
Short Cut to Nirvana: Kumbh Mela is a 2004 feature documentary film by Nick Day and Maurizio Benazzo about the 2001 Prayag Kumbh Mela at Prayagraj. The documentary premiered in the USA on May 11, 2004. The film won several awards on the festival circuit and played in theaters across the US and Europe.

2001 Prayag Kumbh Mela
The 2001 Prayag Kumbh Mela was a gathering held at the convergence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, held from 9 January to 21 February. It was the first Kumbh Mela in the millennium and attracted around 70 million visitors.

The Kumbh Mela was also auspicious considering it coincided with astrological planetary alignment occurring only once in 144 years. The event was held in a 6000-acre area; it had particularly significance for being held once in 12-year period in Hindu mythology as its believed that the battle for nectar between gods and demons lasted for 12 years. The event was also held in Haridawar, Ujjain, and Nashik.
Grey-tailed tattler
The grey-tailed tattler (Tringa brevipes), also known as the Siberian tattler or Polynesian tattler, is a small shorebird in the genus Tringa. The English name for the tattlers refers to their noisy call. The genus name Tringa is the Neo-Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek trungas, a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific brevipes is from Latin brevis, "short", and pes, "foot".

This tattler breeds in northeast Siberia. After breeding, they migrate to an area from southeast Asia to Australia.

Ulisse Aldrovandi
Ulisse Aldrovandi (11 September 1522 – 4 May 1605) was an Italian naturalist, the moving force behind Bologna's botanical garden, one of the first in Europe. Carl Linnaeus and the comte de Buffon reckoned him the father of natural history studies. He is usually referred to, especially in older scientific literature in Latin, as Aldrovandus; his name in Italian is equally given as Aldroandi.
Rajahmundry City Assembly constituency
Rajahmundry City Assembly constituency is a constituency in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency. The constituency is formed from Wards 7 to 35 and 42 to 89 of the Rajahmundry Municipal Corporation

Adireddy Srinivas is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. The constituency was established in 2008, as per the Delimitation Orders (2008).

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Spencer-Stirling biplane
The Spencer-Stirling biplane was a 1910s British pusher configuration biplane designed and built by Herbert Spencer. It was sometimes referred to as a Spencer-Farman in reference to the design similarity to Henry Farman's designs.

Mainly based at Brooklands Aerodrome it was also flown around the country by Spencer on demonstration and training flights.

Initially powered by an RH 4-cylinder in-line engine rated at 40–70 hp (30–52 kW), the Spencer-Stirling biplane was re-engined in July 1911 with a 50 hp (37 kW) Gnome Gamma rotary engine. On 29 August 1911 Spencer obtained his Aviator's Certificate at Brooklands flying the biplane he built.

Gnome Gamma
The Gnome 7 Gamma was a French designed, seven-cylinder, air-cooled rotary aero engine. Powering several pre-World War I era aircraft types it produced 70 horsepower (52 kW) from its capacity of 12 litres (680 cubic inches).

A 14-cylinder variant was known as the Gnome 14 Gamma-Gamma.
RU-28253
RU-28253, also known as 5-MeO-THPI, is a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist of the tryptamine, 5-methoxytryptamine, and tetrahydropyridinylindole families. It is a tetrahydropyridylindole and a conformationally constrained analogue of 5-MeO-DMT.

The drug shows high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (Ki = 5.7 nM) and lower affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (Ki = 230 nM). Its affinities for these receptors were higher than those of dimethyltryptamine (DMT). RU-28253 is described as a potent agonist of the serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors, including of the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor, and is also an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT4 receptor.

RU-28253 was first described in the scientific literature by 1983.

5-HT1A receptor
The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter. 5-HT1A is expressed in the brain, spleen, and neonatal kidney. It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), coupled to the Gi protein, and its activation in the brain mediates hyperpolarization and reduction of firing rate of the postsynaptic neuron. In humans, the serotonin 1A receptor is encoded by the HTR1A gene.
Fernando Léniz
Fernando Léniz Cerda (30 July 1927 – 25 September 2013) was a Chilean civil engineer, academic, businessman and guild leader. A close collaborator of General Augusto Pinochet, he served as Minister of Economy, Development and Reconstruction during the military government. He was a senior executive of El Mercurio and three-time president of the Chilean forestry industry association (CORMA).

El Mercurio
El Mercurio (known online as El Mercurio On-Line, EMOL) is a Chile an newspaper with editions in Valparaíso and Santiago. El Mercurio is owned by El Mercurio S.A.P. (Sociedad Anónima Periodística 'joint stock news company'), which operates a network of 19 regional dailies and 32 radio stations across the country.
Jazz from Hell
Jazz from Hell is an instrumental album whose selections were all composed and recorded by American musician Frank Zappa. It was released in November 1986, by Barking Pumpkin Records on vinyl and cassette, and in 1987 by Rykodisc on CD.

Jazz from Hell was Zappa's final studio album released in his lifetime; for the remaining seven years of his life, he would only release live concert albums, although the posthumous Civilization Phaze III (1994) was completed shortly before his death.

Synclavier
The Synclavier is an early digital synthesizer, polyphonic digital sampling system, and music workstation manufactured by New England Digital Corporation of Norwich, Vermont. It was produced in various forms from the late 1970s into the early 1990s. Used by many notable musicians, the Synclavier was inducted into the TECnology Hall of Fame, an honor given to "products and innovations that have had an enduring impact on the development of audio technology," in 2004.
Sam Johnson (rugby union)
Sam Johnson (born 19 June 1993) is a rugby union player who plays for Brive in France. A centre, Johnson represented Scotland at international level, although born and raised in Australia. He previously played for Glasgow Warriors and is a centurion for the club.

Scottish Premiership (rugby union)
The Scottish Premiership (known as the Arnold Clark Men's Premiership for sponsorship reasons) is the highest level of league competition for men's amateur rugby union clubs in Scotland. First held in 1973, it is the top division of the Scottish League Championship. The most recent champions are Ayr, while the most successful club is Hawick who have won the competition thirteen times.

Ten clubs contest the league, with the bottom club relegated to the Scottish National League Division One.

The top level of club rugby in Scotland are the two professional teams – Edinburgh Rugby and Glasgow Warriors – that play in the United Rugby Championship. They assign their players to the clubs below in a pro draft so that they can still play when not used by the professional sides.
Monetary Authority of Singapore
The Monetary Authority of Singapore or (MAS), is the central bank and financial regulatory authority of Singapore. It administers the various statutes pertaining to money, banking, insurance, securities and the financial sector in general, as well as currency issuance and manages the foreign-exchange reserves. It was established in 1971 to act as the banker to and as a financial agent of the Government of Singapore. 
The body is duly accountable to the Parliament of Singapore through the Minister-in-charge, who is also the Incumbent Chairman of the central bank. In May 2025 the fund had US$629 billion in assets under management.

Financial regulation
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervisors.

In some jurisdictions, certain aspects of financial supervision are delegated to self-regulatory organizations. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.
In Defense of Animals
In Defense of Animals (IDA) is an animal protection organization founded in 1983 in San Rafael, California, United States. The group's slogan is "working to protect the rights, welfare, and habitats of animals".

IDA has become known, in particular, for its campaigns against animal experiments conducted by the U.S. military, and experiments in which baby monkeys are separated from their mothers. Journalist and author Deborah Blum has described its strategy as "pure pit bull. It picks a target carefully and refuses to let go".

Animal rights movement
The animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal liberation, animal personhood, or animal advocacy movement, is a social movement that advocates an end to the rigid moral and legal distinction drawn between human and non-human animals, an end to the status of animals as property, and an end to their use in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries.  The argument from marginal cases is often used in animal rights advocacy which asserts that if certain humans with limited cognitive capacities are granted moral consideration, then non-human animals, who may possess different forms of intelligence or sentience, should also be afforded similar negative rights and moral consideration.