hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy
The 2022 St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 13th edition of the event and a WTA 500 tournament on the 2022 WTA Tour. It was held between 6 and 13 February 2022.

WTA 500 tournaments
WTA 500 tournaments is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 500 tournaments' prize money was approximately $500,000. Since then, prize money awarded by WTA 500 events has grown less uniform, with one tournament's prize money rising to as much as $1.5 million.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 500. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 250 for winning a WTA 250 tournament.
Aggregated indices randomization method
In applied mathematics and decision making, the aggregated indices randomization method (AIRM) is a modification of a well-known aggregated indices method, targeting complex objects subjected to multi-criteria estimation under uncertainty.  AIRM was first developed by the Russian naval applied mathematician Aleksey Krylov around 1908.

The main advantage of AIRM over other variants of aggregated indices methods is its ability to cope with poor-quality input information.  It can use non-numeric (ordinal), non-exact (interval) and non-complete expert information to solve multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDM) problems. An exact and transparent mathematical foundation can assure the precision and fidelity of AIRM results.

Fidelity
Fidelity is the quality of faithfulness or loyalty. Its original meaning regarded duty in a broader sense than the related concept of fealty. Both derive from the Latin word fidēlis, meaning "faithful or loyal". In the City of London financial markets it has traditionally been used in the sense encompassed in the motto "my word is my bond".
Srećko Puntarić
Srećko Puntarić (born (1952-05-19)19 May 1952) is a Croatian cartoonist. He is best known for his regular comic "Felix" in the Croatian daily Večernji list, but has had his comic strips published in nearly every Croatian newspaper.

Večernji list
Večernji list (lit. 'The Evening Paper'; also known as Večernjak) is a Croatian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian daily newspaper published in Zagreb and Mostar. It is one of three top Croatian newspapers. It also organizes Večernjakova ruža since 1995, oldest Croatian media awards.
Dirty Sexy Money
Dirty Sexy Money is an American prime time drama television series created by Craig Wright that ran for two seasons on ABC from September 26, 2007, to August 8, 2009. The series was produced by Berlanti Television and ABC Studios. Wright served as an executive producer alongside Greg Berlanti, Bryan Singer, Matthew Gross, Peter Horton, and Josh Reims, with Melissa Berman producing.

The series revolves around lawyer and family man Nick George, portrayed by Peter Krause. When Nick's father mysteriously dies in a plane crash, he agrees to take his position as the Darling family's lawyer, while trying to discover who committed the murder. The Darlings, the richest family in New York, constantly rely on Nick to solve their problems. Nick struggles to balance his morals and family life while dealing with the demands of the Darlings.

Prime time
Prime time (sometimes spelled primetime), or peak time, is the block of broadcast programming taking place during the middle of the evening for television shows. It is mostly targeted towards adults (and sometimes families). It is used by the major television networks to broadcast their season's nightly programming. The term prime-time is often defined in terms of a fixed time period—for example, (in the United States), from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time) or 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Central and Mountain Time). In India and some Middle Eastern countries, prime time consists of programmes that are aired on television between 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. local time.
The Homesick
The Homesick are a Dutch post-punk band from Dokkum, in the north of the Netherlands. The band is composed of drummer Erik Woudwijk, bassist Jaap van der Velde and guitarist Elias Elgersma.

They have released the albums Youth Hunt (Subroutine, 2017), The Big Exercise (Sub Pop, 2020) and The Homesick (self-released, 2023).

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
C. Stuart Adams
Charles Stuart Adams is a British physicist and Professor in the Durham University Department of Physics, which he joined in 1995.

He studied at Hertford College, Oxford as an undergraduate, completed an MRes at McMaster University, and received his PhD from the University of Strathclyde.

His main research interest is experimental quantum optics.

Adams was awarded the Joseph Thomson Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics in 2014. He also received the Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize in 2020 for his experimental studies on light–matter interactions, which have often involved the use of Rydberg atoms.

Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize
The Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize is a major European prize for Physics awarded jointly every year by the British Institute of Physics (IOP) and the Société Française de Physique (SFP). It is one of the four Grand Prix of the SFP and one of the four International Bilateral Awards of the IOP, consisting of a gold medal and a 3000€ cash prize.
Temir, Kyrgyzstan
Temir (Kyrgyz: Темир, Russian: Темировка - Temirovka) is a village in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Issyk-Kul District. Its population was 4,849 in 2021. Temir / Темир means "iron" in Kyrgyz.

Issyk-Kul Region
Issyk-Kul is one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Karakol. It is surrounded by Almaty Region, Kazakhstan to the north, Chüy Region to the west, Naryn Region to the southwest, and Xinjiang, China to the southeast. It takes its name from Lake Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high altitude lake. Its total area is 43,735 km2 (16,886 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 501,933 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Russian (8.0% in 2009) minority.
Falling River
The Falling River is a river in the United States state of Virginia. It rises in the northwest corner of the town of Appomattox, Virginia and flows southwest through the town of Spring Mills, Virginia and empties into the Roanoke River southeast of the town of Brookneal.

Appomattox, Virginia
Appomattox (/ˌæpəˈmætəks/ A-pə-MA-təks) is a town in Appomattox County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Appomattox had a population of 1,919. It is the county seat of Appomattox County.

Appomattox is part of the Lynchburg metropolitan area.
Outlanders (video game)
Outlanders is a city-building video game developed by Pomelo Games.  It focuses on small-scale management of a settlement. It was released for iOS, macOS, and tvOS through Apple Arcade in 2019 and Windows in 2023. A sequel titled Outlanders 2: Second Nature was released on Apple Arcade in July 2024 for iOS, macOS and tvOS.

Apple Arcade
Apple Arcade is a video game subscription service offered by Apple. It is available through a dedicated tab of the App Store on devices running iOS 13, visionOS, tvOS 13, iPadOS 13, and macOS Catalina or later. The service launched on September 19, 2019.

It offers video games that exclude practices such as in-app purchases and advertisements. Most games on the service are indie games or previously existing mobile games.
Buzzards Peak Wilderness
Buzzards Peak Wilderness is a protected wilderness area to the southeast of the Milpitas Wash Wilderness separated by California State Route 78 in Imperial County, California.  Established in 2019 by the U.S. Congress, the area is managed by the Bureau of Land Management.  Indian Pass Wilderness, Imperial National Wildlife Refuge and the Colorado River are to the south and southeast.
Wildlife includes the desert tortoise, Yuma kingsnake, Colorado River toad, Great Plains toad, tree lizard, burros, mule deer and mountain lion. Vegetation found in the area: cholla and beavertail cactus, ocotillo, palo verde, acacia, ironwood, and the rare California Ditaxis.

Opuntia basilaris
Opuntia basilaris, the beavertail cactus or beavertail pricklypear, is a cactus species found in the southwest United States.  It occurs mostly in the Mojave, Anza-Borrego, and Colorado Deserts, as well as in the Colorado Plateau and northwest Mexico. It is also found throughout the Grand Canyon and Colorado River region as well as into southern Utah and Nevada, and in the western Arizona regions along the Lower Colorado River Valley.
Artot–Alard Stradivarius
The Artot–Alard Stradivarius of 1728 is an antique violin made by luthier Antonio Stradivari of Cremona (1644-1736).

This violin is currently on display in the Stradivarius exhibition at the Musical Instrument Museum in Phoenix, Arizona until June 5, 2016.

Antonio Stradivari
Antonio Stradivari (/ˌstrædɪˈvɑːri/, also US: /-ˈvɛəri/, Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo stradiˈvaːri]; c. 1644 – 18 December 1737) was an Italian luthier and a craftsman of string instruments such as violins, cellos, guitars, violas and harps. The Latinized form of his surname, Stradivarius, as well as the colloquial Strad are terms often used to refer to his instruments. It is estimated that Stradivari produced 1,116 instruments, of which 960 were violins. Around 650 instruments survive, including 450 to 512 violins. His instruments are considered some of the finest ever made, and are extremely valuable collector's items.
Wichsenstein Castle
Wichsenstein Castle (German: Burgstall Wichsenstein) was a hill castle, once owned by noblemen, on a steep and prominent rock reef (Felsriff) outcrop above the church village of Wichsenstein in the Upper Franconian county of Forchheim in Bavaria, Germany. The castle has been completely demolished and there are no visible remains. The castle rock is now just used as a viewing point.

Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia (German: Oberfranken, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is an administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia, which are all part of Bavaria.

With more than 200 independent breweries which brew approximately 1000 different types of beer, Upper Franconia has the world's highest brewery-density per capita. A special Franconian beer route (Fränkische Brauereistraße) runs through many popular breweries.
Pistol dueling
Pistol dueling was a competitive sport developed around 1900 which involved opponents shooting at each other using dueling pistols adapted to fire wax bullets. The sport was briefly popular among some members of the metropolitan upper classes in the US, UK and France.  Although the bullets were made of soft wax they could inflict significant damage to exposed flesh. For this reason the competitors wore heavy protective clothing and guards. The sport was demonstrated at the 1908 Olympic Games but did not survive the First World War.  It may be seen as a precursor of the modern sport of paintball.

Duelling pistol
A duelling pistol is a type of pistol that was manufactured in matching pairs to be used in a duel, when duels were customary. Duelling pistols are often single-shot flintlock or percussion black-powder pistols which fire a lead ball. Not all fine, antique pairs of pistols are duelling pistols, though they may be called so.
Red Bridge (border)
Red Bridge (Azerbaijani: Qırmızı Körpü; Georgian: წითელი ხიდი, Tsiteli Khidi) is the border crossing between Georgia and Azerbaijan on the Tbilisi to Ganja road. The term translates into English as Red Bridge, and is so named because there is a red-brick arch bridge across the Khrami River in the no-man's land area between the border posts. The bridge's current structure is mostly 17th century, but there has been a bridge on the site since the 12th century crossing. The 'red' bridge had been in day-to-day use until 1998, when a new and considerably larger bridge was completed as part of the TRACECA (Europe-Caucasus-Asia) project.

Khrami
The Khrami (Georgian: ხრამი, Azerbaijani: Anaxatır), in its upper course Ktsia, is a river in eastern Georgia and western Azerbaijan, and a right tributary of the Kura (Mtkvari). It is 201 km (125 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 8,340 km2 (3,220 sq mi). The Khrami originates in the Trialeti Range and flows into a deep valley. It is fed primarily by snow melt. Its main tributaries are the Debed (left) and Mashavera (right) rivers. The Tsalka Reservoir and three hydroelectric power plants are built on the Khrami.
Alexander Wilson (astronomer)
Alexander Wilson FRSE (1714 – 16 October 1786) was a Scottish surgeon, type-founder, astronomer, mathematician and meteorologist. He was the first scientist to use kites in meteorological investigations.

He was the first Regius Professor of Practical Astronomy at the University of Glasgow.

Kite applications
Different types of flying kites (such as water kites, bi-media kites, fluid kites, gas kites, kytoons, paravanes, soil kites, solid kites, and plasma kites) have niche applications. In nature, some animals, such as spiders, also make use of kiting.
Seven Sinners (1925 film)
Seven Sinners is a 1925 American black-and-white silent comedy crime film directed by Lewis Milestone and written by Milestone and Darryl F. Zanuck. The film was produced by Warner Bros. Pictures.

Although Milestone had directed short training films for the U.S. War Department in 1918 and 1919, and acted as assistant director on the 1921 William A. Seiter film The Foolish Age, this was his feature film directorial debut.

Claude Gillingwater
Claude Benton Gillingwater (August 2, 1870 – November 1, 1939) was an American stage and screen actor. He first appeared on the stage then in more than 90 films between 1918 and 1939, including the Academy Award-nominated A Tale of Two Cities (1935) and Conquest (1937). He appeared in several films starring Shirley Temple, beginning with Poor Little Rich Girl (1936).
Steve McCaffery
Stephen McCaffery (born January 24, 1947) is a Canadian poet and scholar who was a professor at York University.  He currently holds the David Gray Chair at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. McCaffery was born in Sheffield, England and lived in the UK for most of his youth attending University of Hull.

He moved to Toronto in 1968. In 1970, he began to collaborate with fellow poets Rafael Barreto-Rivera, Paul Dutton, and bpNichol, forming the sound-poetry group,  The Four Horsemen. Some of McCaffery's poetry attempts to break language from the logic of syntax and structure to create a purely emotional response. He has created three-dimensional structures of words and has released a number of sound and video works, often in collaboration with other poets.

University of Hull
The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York. Students are served by Hull University Union.

The first chancellor of the university was Lord Middleton (1954–1969), followed by Lord Cohen (1970–1977), Lord Wilberforce (1978–1994), Lord Armstrong (1994–2006) and Virginia Bottomley (Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone) (2006–2023). Alan Johnson was installed as the current chancellor in July 2023.
2012 Nottingham Challenge
The 2012 Nottingham Challenge (known for sponsorship reasons as the Aegon Nottingham Challenge) was a professional tennis tournament played on grass courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2012 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Nottingham, Great Britain between 11 and 17 June 2012.

Maria João Koehler
Maria João Koehler (born 8 October 1992) is a retired Portuguese tennis player.

Koehler won four singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career. On 25 February 2013, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 102. On 18 June 2012, she peaked at No. 151 in the doubles rankings.

Playing for the Portugal Fed Cup team, Koehler has a win–loss record of 11–20.
Adam Tyc
Adam Tyc (born 5 September 1986) is a Czech sport shooter with two gold medals in the IPSC Production division from the 2005 and 2008 IPSC Handgun World Shoots. At the 2005 World Shoot he was only 18 years old and also became Junior World Champion. He is also two time European champion (2004 and 2007), and has several IPSC Czech Handgun Championship titles. Adam is a member of CZ Shooting Team

Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod
Česká zbrojovka a.s. (CZ, lit. 'Czech armoury'), is a Czech armament manufacturer that is based in Uherský Brod. The company is known for producing service, hunting and sporting firearms. It is owned by the Czech holding company Colt CZ Group SE, which also owns other brands with related production programs.

CZ currently has around 1,800 employees. It is one of the highest volume exporters in the Czech Republic, sending its products to more than 100 countries. The company is among the top ten small arms manufacturers in the world and five that manufactures automatic firearms. In 2021, CZ acquired the Colt's Manufacturing Company; the following year, the parent company changed its name to Colt CZ Group.
William Stafford, 4th Earl of Stafford
William Stafford, 4th Earl of Stafford (21 September 1375 – 6 April 1395) was an English noble in the fourteenth century. He was the third son of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford (c. 1344 – 16 October 1386); Hugh's second son Thomas inherited the earldom in 1390. He died in 1392, still childless, and the title passed to William.  He was still a minor, however, in the wardship of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, his dead brother's father-in-law, and the Stafford estates were administered by a ' group of senior officials and lawyers.' He was still so when he died on 6 April 1395 in Pleshey, Essex of natural causes. He was interred in Tonbridge, Kent. William also dying childless, the Stafford earldom descended to the next brother, Edmund, who became the fifth earl.

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.
Kafr Nabi
Kafr Nabi (Arabic: كفر نبي)  is a Syrian village located in Maarrat Misrin Nahiyah in Idlib District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Nabi had a population of 1542 in the 2004 census. It is a predominantly Druze village.

Maarrat Misrin Subdistrict
Maarrat Misrin Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية معرة مصرين)  is a subdistrict (Arabic: نَاحِيَة, romanized: nahiyah) located in Idlib District in Idlib, Syria.  The sub-district itself is also referred to as Maaret Tamsrin. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Maarrat Misrin Subdistrict had a population of 57,859 in the 2004 census. The seat of the sub-district is located in the Maarrat Misrin town located south of the nahiya. Significant settlements in the nahiya include Killi, Kafr Aruq, Harbanoush, Maarrat al-Ikhwan, Kaftin, and Kafr Yahmul villages where camp clusters were setup to house internally displaced persons (IDPs) throughout the Syrian Civil War. Additionally, to the east side of the nahiya, 17 large IDP settlements, collectively referred to as of Sheikh Bahr Camps was built, which reportedly came under significant neglect through lack of international aid and natural disasters such as storms and flooding.
BISG
BISG could refer to:

Book Industry Strategy Group, Australian governmental initiative

Book Industry Study Group, American publishing trade organization

Belt-Driven Integrated Starter Generator or Belt Mounted Integrated Starter Generator, alternate terms for a BAS hybrid

Book Industry Study Group
The Book Industry Study Group, Inc. (BISG) is an American trade association for policy, technical standards, and research related to books in all formats (print, digital, audio, etc.). The mission of BISG is to create a more informed, empowered, and efficient book industry. It represents all segments of the book industry, including publishers, manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers, retailers, distributors, librarians, agents, and students. BISG focuses on solutions for books and not journals.
Birthplace of Richard Nixon
The birthplace and early childhood home of Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States is located on the grounds of the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California, and serves as a historic house museum.

The house was built in 1912 on family ranchland; Nixon was born there the following year. He and his family stayed there until 1922, when they moved to Whittier, California. The former home was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973, and a California Historical Landmark in 1994.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Luca Van Assche
Luca Van Assche (French pronunciation: [lyka vanaʃ]; born 11 May 2004) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 63, achieved on 23 October 2023 and a best doubles ranking of No. 335, reached on 9 January 2023.

Marco Cecchinato
Marco Cecchinato (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko tʃekkiˈnaːto]; born 30 September 1992) is an Italian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 16 reached on 25 February 2019. On 29 April 2018, he won his first ATP World Tour title at the 2018 Hungarian Open as a lucky loser, becoming the first Sicilian tennis player to win an ATP title. Cecchinato is a clay specialist, with his best Grand Slam result being a semifinal at the 2018 French Open. At the other Grand Slams, he has not won a match in singles.