hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holothrips frerei
Holothrips frerei is a species of thrips in the Phlaeothripinae subfamily, first described in 2014 by Laurence Mound and Desley Tree. This thrips is found in both New South Wales and Queensland, and is endemic to Australia.

This thrips, like others of its genus, is fungus feeding and not usually found in large colonies.

Laurence Alfred Mound
Laurence Alfred Mound (born 1934 in Willesden, London) is an entomologist, who works mostly on the biology and systematics of Thysanoptera (thrips), an area in which he is considered a world authority.

His zoological author abbreviation is Mound.
Lansdale (surname)
Lansdale is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward Lansdale (1908–1987), United States Air Force officer

Joe Lansdale (footballer) (1894–1977), English footballer

Joe R. Lansdale (born 1951), American writer and martial arts instructor

John Lansdale Jr. (1912–2003), United States Army officer

Kasey Lansdale (born 1988), American musician

Philip Lansdale (1858–1899), United States Navy officer

Thomas Lancaster Lansdale (1748–1803), American army officer

Joe R. Lansdale
Joe Richard Lansdale (born October 28, 1951) is an American writer and martial arts instructor. A prose writer in a variety of genres, including Western, horror, science fiction, mystery, and suspense, he has also written comic books and screenplays. Several of his novels have been adapted for film and television. He is the winner of the British Fantasy Award, the American Horror Award, the Edgar Award, and eleven Bram Stoker Awards.
Dong Cunrui
Dong Cunrui (Chinese: 董存瑞; pinyin: Dǒng Cúnruì; 1929 - May 25, 1948) was a Chinese Communist soldier in the People's Liberation Army during the Chinese Civil War who blew himself up in order to destroy a Kuomintang bunker guarding an approach to an important bridge in Longhua County.

Longhua County
Longhua County (simplified Chinese: 隆化县; traditional Chinese: 隆化縣; pinyin: Lónghuà Xiàn) is a county in the northeast of Hebei province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the east. It is under the administration of Chengde City.
Hudson station (New York)
Hudson station is a train station in Hudson, New York. Hudson serves a total of four different Amtrak trains, all of which have a southern terminus at Pennsylvania Station in New York City. They consist of the Adirondack from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the Empire Service from Niagara Falls, New York, the Ethan Allen Express from Burlington, VT, and the Maple Leaf from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Lake Shore Limited trains from Chicago served Hudson until April 4, 2009.

Adirondack (train)
The Adirondack is a daily intercity passenger train operated by Amtrak between New York City and Montreal. The scenic route follows the Empire Corridor through the Hudson Valley with major stops in Yonkers, Poughkeepsie, Albany–Rensselaer, and Schenectady. North of Saratoga Springs the route runs between the Adirondack Mountains and Lake Champlain until crossing the Canada–United States border at Rouses Point. Trains take approximately 11 hours to travel the 381-mile (613 km) route.

Canadian track maintenance issues led to the suspension of the Adirondack from June to September in 2023 and 2024.

Operation of the Adirondack is supported by the New York State Department of Transportation and Via Rail. Amtrak reported that Adirondack served 83,938 passengers in fiscal year 2025, down from a pre-COVID-19 pandemic ridership peak of 117,490 in FY2019.
1918 Romanian general election
General elections were held in Romania after the conclusion of the Treaty of Bucharest (1918) between 19 and 29 May 1918 (19, 21 and 29 May for the Chamber of Deputies and 23, 25 and 27 May for the Senate).

The National Liberal Party (PNL) boycotted the elections. In agreement with the German Empire, elections were also held in then-occupied Romania (Wallachia and parts of the Western Moldavia), with the exception of the province of Dobruja (Caliacra, Durostor, Constanța and Tulcea counties), which was ceded to Bulgaria and the Central Powers according to the Treaty of Bucharest.

Senate of Romania
The Senate (Romanian: Senat) is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania. It has 136 seats (before the 2016 parliamentary election the total number of elected representatives was 176), to which members are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation in 43 electoral districts (the 41 counties, the city of Bucharest plus 1 constituency for the Romanians living abroad), to serve four-year terms.
Adolf Lieben
Adolf Lieben (3 December 1836 – 6 June 1914) was an Austrian-Jewish chemist.  He was born in Vienna the son of Ignatz Lieben. He studied at the University of Vienna, University of Heidelberg (Ph.D. 1856 with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen), and Paris, and subsequently held the positions of privat-docent at the University of Vienna (1861), and professor in the universities of Palermo (1863), Turin (1867), and Prague (1871). From 1875 until his death he held the chair of general and pharmacological chemistry at the University of Vienna, and was a member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.

Robert Bunsen
Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German: [ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈbʊnzn̩]; 
30 March 1811
– 16 August 1899) was a German chemist. He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and  discovered caesium in 1860 and rubidium in 1861 with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Bunsen and Kirchhoff.

Bunsen also developed several gas-analytical methods, was a pioneer in photochemistry, and did early work in the field of organic arsenic chemistry. With his laboratory assistant Peter Desaga, he developed the Bunsen burner, an improvement on the laboratory burners then in use.
Große Berliner Kunstausstellung
Große Berliner Kunstausstellung  (Great Berlin Art Exhibition), abbreviated GroBeKa or GBK, was an annual art exhibition that existed from 1893 to 1969 with intermittent breaks. In 1917 and 1918, during World War I, it was not held in Berlin but in Düsseldorf. In 1919 and 1920, it operated under the name Kunstausstellung Berlin. From 1970 to 1995, the Freie Berliner Kunstausstellung (Free Berlin Art Exhibition) was held annually in its place.

Max Schlichting
Max Schlichting (born Max von Schlichting; June 16, 1866, Sagan – June 23, 1937, Bad Tölz) was a painter of German Impressionism. Schlichting, who also worked as a professor and art official, is known for French subjects and depictions of landscapes in Flanders and the Netherlands.
Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute
The Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) was formed in October 1998 to develop advanced nuclear energy technology to complete the nuclear fuel cycle, particularly fast breeder reactors, advanced reprocessing, plutonium fuel fabrication and high-level radioactive waste management. It succeeded the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC). It merged with the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) in October 2005, becoming the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA).

Breeder reactor
A breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor that generates more fissile material than it consumes. These reactors can be fueled with more-commonly available isotopes of uranium and thorium, such as uranium-238 and thorium-232, as opposed to the rare uranium-235 which is used in conventional reactors. These materials are called fertile materials since they can be bred into fuel by these breeder reactors.

Breeder reactors achieve this because their neutron economy is high enough to create more fissile fuel than they use. These extra neutrons are absorbed by the fertile material that is loaded into the reactor along with fissile fuel. This irradiated fertile material in turn transmutes into fissile material which can undergo fission reactions.

Breeders were at first found attractive because they made more complete use of uranium fuel than light-water reactors, but interest declined after the 1960s as more uranium reserves were found and new methods of uranium enrichment reduced fuel costs.
Vitali Kanevsky
Vitali Yevgenievich Kanevsky (Russian: Вита́лий Евге́ньевич Кане́вский; born 4 September 1935) is a Soviet film director and screenwriter. His film Freeze Die Come to Life won the Caméra d'Or at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. Two years later, his film An Independent Life would win the Jury Prize at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. The film was also nominated for the Golden Bear at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival.

In 1960 he entered the directing department of VGIK (Mikhail Romm's workshop).

Kanevsky served a prison sentence for rape from 1966 to 1974.

Vitali currently lives in France, USA, and St. Petersburg.

42nd Berlin International Film Festival
The 42nd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 13 to 24 February 1992. The festival opened with The Inner Circle by Andrei Konchalovsky.

The Golden Bear was awarded to American film Grand Canyon directed by Lawrence Kasdan.

The retrospective dedicated to Babelsberg Studios films was shown at the festival.
Bamboo Boys
Bamboo Boys is a 2002 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film written and directed by Ali Akbar. It stars Kalabhavan Mani, Cochin Haneefa, Harishree Ashokan, Salim Kumar, Nadirshah, Jagathy Sreekumar and Kalabhavan Shajohn. The film was released on 11 October 2002. The film follows a group of tribals who attempt to bring a doctor from town to the forest to treat their headman's wife.

Nadirshah
Nadirshah is an Indian actor, film director, music composer, playback singer, lyricist, mimicry artist, comedian, and television host, who works in Malayalam films, television and on-stage. He has also done several supporting roles in Malayalam cinema. His areas of contribution in music include playback singing, lyrics and composing. He made his directional debut with the Malayalam film Amar Akbar Anthony (2015). His second directorial was Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan (2016).
Once Removed (Inside No. 9)
"Once Removed" is the third episode of series four of the British black comedy anthology television programme Inside No. 9. Written by Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith, the episode was directed by Jim O'Hanlon and was first shown on 16 January 2018, on BBC Two. It stars Pemberton, Shearsmith, Monica Dolan, Nick Moran, David Calder and Emilia Fox (with the voice of Rufus Jones).

Reece Shearsmith
Reeson Wayne Shearsmith (born 27 August 1969) is a British actor, comedian and writer. He was a member of The League of Gentlemen, with Steve Pemberton, Mark Gatiss and Jeremy Dyson. Jointly with Pemberton, he created, wrote and starred in the sitcom Psychoville and the dark comedy anthology series Inside No. 9. Shearsmith also had notable roles in Spaced and The World's End.
2019 Hamburg European Open – Singles
Nikoloz Basilashvili was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Andrey Rublev in the final, 7–5, 4–6, 6–3. En route to doing so, Basilashvili saved two match points against Alexander Zverev in the semifinals.

Alejandro Davidovich Fokina
Alejandro Davidovich Fokina (born 5 June 1999) is a Spanish professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 14 achieved on 3 November 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 196, reached on 21 February 2022. He is currently the No. 2 singles player from Spain.
Institute for Human Security
42°24′28″N 71°07′18″W﻿ / ﻿42.407662°N 71.12169°W﻿ / 42.407662; -71.12169

The Henry J. Leir Institute for Migration and Human Security (formally the Henry J. Leir Institute for Human Security), founded in 2001, is an interdisciplinary education and research organization within The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, at Tufts University. The Leir Institute's mission is to help policymakers and practitioners develop more equitable and sustainable responses to migration and its root causes by employing a human security approach. Leir's research and education also intersect with humanitarianism, development, human rights, and conflict resolution, and the Institute is recognized as a leading academic institution in its field.

Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective negotiation. Dimensions of resolution typically parallel the dimensions of conflict in the way the conflict is processed. Cognitive resolution is the way disputants understand and view the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings and attitudes. Emotional resolution is in the way disputants feel about a conflict, the emotional energy. Behavioral resolution is reflective of how the disputants act, their behavior. Ultimately a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including negotiation, mediation, mediation-arbitration, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
Dawson coal mine
The Dawson coal mine is an open-cut coal mine south-east of Moura in Central Queensland, Australia. The mine includes three mining areas; Dawson North, Dawson Central and Dawson South that share common infrastructure. The Dawson coal mine lies in the Baralaba Coal Measures of the Bowen Basin.

Coking, soft coking and thermal coal have all been produced at the mine. Anglo American has owned the mine since mid-2002. Mining in the area began in 1961 in what was known as the Moura Mine.  The mine was the first to export a shipment of Queensland's coking coal to Japan. It was also the first mine to introduce draglines into its operation in 1963.

The coal is exported by Gladstone to the Barney Point and R G Tanna coal terminals.  Dawson coal mine has implemented an extensive rehabilitation program.

Metallurgical coal
Metallurgical coal or coking coal is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking. The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand for steel. Primary steelmaking companies often have a division that produces coal for coking, to ensure a stable and low-cost supply.

Metallurgical coal comes mainly from Canada, the United States, and Australia, with Australia exporting 58% of seaborne trade, mostly going to China. In the United States, the electric power sector used "93% of total U.S. coal consumption between 2007 and 2018"; only 7% of the total was metallurgical coal and coal for other uses such as heating.
Pennsylvania Railroad class E2b
Pennsylvania Railroad class E2b comprised six experimental B-B electric locomotives built for the railroad by General Electric.

In 1952 the Pennsylvania Railroad took delivery of eight experimental locomotives:

4 locomotives of the class E2b with the road numbers  #4939–#4942 built by General Electric

2 locomotives of the class E2c with the road numbers  #4995 and #4996 built by Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton & Westinghouse

2 locomotives of the class E3b the road numbers  #4997 and #4998 built by Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton & Westinghouse

GE built two demonstrators to show the Great Northern Railway. These two were sold to the PRR in March 1953 and numbered #4943–#4944.

The class E2b locomotives were commonly used in three pairs.  Like most previous PRR electric locomotives, they were straight AC-powered, and did not use rectifiers.  Because of this, they could work in multiple with existing PRR locomotives, and generally did so with class P5a.

The locomotives were scrapped in 1964.

Scrap
Scrap consists of recyclable materials, usually metals, left over from product manufacturing and consumption, such as parts of vehicles, building supplies, and surplus materials. Unlike waste, scrap can have monetary value, especially recovered metals, and non-metallic materials are also recovered for recycling. Once collected, the materials are sorted into types – typically metal scrap will be crushed, shredded, and sorted using mechanical processes.

Metal recycling, especially of structural steel, ships, used manufactured goods, such as vehicles and white goods, is an industrial activity with complex networks of wrecking yards, sorting facilities, and recycling plants. The industry includes both formal organizations and a wide range of informal roles such as waste pickers who help sorting through scrap.
Leckfurin
Leckfurin is a small remote village, which lies on the left bank of the River Naver,  in northern Sutherland in  Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

The A836 road runs through Leckfurin.

Strathnaver
Strathnaver or Strath Naver (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Nabhair) is the fertile strath of the River Naver, a famous salmon river that flows from Loch Naver to the north coast of Scotland. The term has a broader use as the name of an ancient province also known as the Mackay Country (Scottish Gaelic: Dùthaich MhicAoidh), once controlled by the Clan Mackay and extending over most of northwest Sutherland.
Willie Evans (defensive end)
Willie Deloyd Evans (born March 5, 1984) is an American former professional football player who played defensive end who last played for the Kansas City Command. He played college football for the Mississippi State Bulldogs.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
Nehama
Nehama (Hebrew: נחמה) is an Israeli comedy drama series created by Tomer Shani and Reshef Levi that aired on Hot. The show premiered on 27 June 2019 and concluded on 29 August 2019.

In October 2020, First Look Media acquired the show's U.S. rights, with plans to develop an English-language adaptation. On 28 October 2021 it was announced that Martin Lawrence would lead the adaption, which would be produced by Topic Studios.

First Look Media
First Look Media is an American nonprofit media organization founded by Pierre Omidyar in October 2013 as a venue for "original, independent journalism". The project was started as a collaboration with Glenn Greenwald, Jeremy Scahill, and Laura Poitras with a promised $250 million in funding from Omidyar. The organization announced plans to support multiple publications, the first of which was The Intercept, launched in February 2014.

A second publication was announced in February 2014 that would focus on financial and political corruption, headed by Matt Taibbi. Although the name of the publication was not publicly announced, the name Racket was reportedly chosen. The publication was to be launched autumn 2014 but in October, it was reported that Taibbi was on leave after "disagreements with higher-ups". On October 28, Omidyar stated in a press release that Taibbi had left First Look.
Little Bitty
"Little Bitty" is a song recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released in October 1996 as the lead-off single to Jackson's fifth studio album Everything I Love.  The song reached the top of the U.S. Billboard country music charts in December of that year, becoming his fourteenth Number One on that chart. It also reached number-one on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks and peaked at number 58 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.

The song was written by Tom T. Hall. Hall had been retired from songwriting for about a decade at the time "Little Bitty" and several other new Hall compositions were released.

Tom T. Hall
Thomas Hall (May 25, 1936 – August 20, 2021), known professionally as Tom T. Hall and informally nicknamed "the Storyteller", was an American country music singer-songwriter and short-story author. He wrote 12 number-one hit songs, with 26 more that reached the top 10, including the number-one international pop crossover hit "Harper Valley PTA", and "I Love", which reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. He is included in Rolling Stone's list of 100 Greatest Songwriters. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2008, and the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame alongside his wife Dixie in 2018.
Even Pigeons Go to Heaven
Even Pigeons Go To Heaven (French: Même les pigeons vont au paradis) is a short film directed by Samuel Tourneux and released in 2007. It was nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.

2007 in film
The following is an overview of events in 2007 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths. The highest-grossing film of the year was Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, which was just marginally ahead of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. 2007 is often considered one of the greatest years for film in the 21st century. It was also the last year to never have a film gross $1 billion until 2020.
Sapindus oahuensis
Sapindus oahuensis is a species of tree in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is limited to Kauaʻi (Waimea Canyon) and Oʻahu (Waiʻanae and Koʻolau Ranges). Its common names include Āulu, Oahu soapberry, alulu, kaulu, and lonomea.
It can be found in dry and moist forest habitat at elevations of 200 to 2000 feet.

Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee.

The Sapindaceae occur in temperate to tropical regions, many in laurel forest habitat, throughout the world. Many are laticiferous, i.e. they contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly toxic saponins with soap-like qualities in either the foliage and/or the seeds, or roots. The largest genera are Serjania, Paullinia, Allophylus and Acer.
Avro Lancastrian
The Avro 691 Lancastrian was a British and Canadian passenger and mail transport aircraft of the 1940s and 1950s developed from the Avro Lancaster heavy bomber. The Lancastrian was basically a modified Lancaster bomber without armour or armament and with the gun turrets replaced by streamlined metal fairings, including a new nose section. The initial batch was converted directly from Lancasters; later batches were new builds.

Argentine Air Force
The Argentine Air Force (Spanish: Fuerza Aérea Argentina, or simply FAA) is the air force of Argentina and one of three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic. In 2018, it had 13,837 military and 6,900 civilian personnel. FAA commander in chief is Brigadier Gustavo Valverde.
Trigram tagger
In computational linguistics, a trigram tagger is a statistical method for automatically identifying words as being nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. based on second order Markov models that consider triples of consecutive words.  It is trained on a text corpus as a method to predict the next word, taking the product of the probabilities of unigram, bigram and trigram. In speech recognition, algorithms utilizing trigram-tagger score better than those algorithms utilizing IIMM tagger but less well than Net tagger.

The description of the trigram tagger is provided by Brants (2000).

Trigram
Trigrams are a special case of the n-gram, where n is 3. They are often used in natural language processing for performing statistical analysis of texts and in cryptography for control and use of ciphers and codes. See results of analysis of "Letter Frequencies in the English Language".