hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vitsyebsk gate
55°30′N 30°48′E﻿ / ﻿55.5°N 30.8°E﻿ / 55.5; 30.8

In Soviet and Belarusian historiography, the Vitebsk or Surazh gate (Віцебскія вароты or Суражскія вароты) was the name given to the corridor connecting Soviet and German-occupied territories during World War II. The 40 km area between Velizh and Usvyaty was a point of contact between the German Army Groups North and Centre. The gate, created by the Soviet 4th Shock Army Toropets–Kholm Offensive during the winter of 1941–42, existed from 10 February to 28 September 1942.

Army Group Centre
Army Group Centre (German: Heeresgruppe Mitte) was the name of two distinct strategic German Army Groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II. The first Army Group Centre was created during the planning of Operation Barbarossa, Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, as one of the three German Army formations assigned to the invasion.

After Army Group North was trapped in the Courland Pocket in mid-1944, it was renamed to Army Group Courland and the first Army Group Centre was renamed "Army Group North". The second iteration of Army Group Centre was formed by the redesignation of Army Group A as the replacement for the first Army Group Centre.
VAL
VAL  may stand for:

Variable Assembly Language, a computer-based control system and language designed specifically for use with Unimation Inc. industrial robots

Vatican lira, the currency  of the Vatican City between 1929 and 2002

Véhicule Automatique Léger, a type of automatic rubber-tired people mover technology

Vieques Air Link, an airline

VAL (duo), made up of Valeria Gribusova and Vlad Pashkevich, Belarus duo representing their country in Eurovision Song Contest 2020

Vulnerability Assessment Laboratory, an Army research institution that specialized in electronic warfare.

Bedford VAL, British chassis for buses and coaches produced between 1962 and 1972

Vatican lira
The lira (plural lire; abbreviation: VAL) was the currency of the Vatican City between 1929 and 2002. It was not a separate currency but an issue of the Italian lira; the Banca d'Italia produced coins specifically for Vatican City.
Ramon Barnils i Folguera
Ramón Barnils Folguera (Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain, October 13, 1940 – Reus, Barcelona, Spain, March 14, 2001) was a Spaniard journalist and translator. He worked for several media such as Tele/eXpres, El Noticiero Universal, Agència EFE, El Temps, and La Vanguardia. He helped publish the satirical magazine El be negre amb potes rosses. He also helped publish Ajoblanco, Solidaridad Obrera and participated in Catalunya Ràdio from the day of its foundation.

He worked as a teacher of future journalists at university from 1976 to 1985, where he focused on the importance of previous research in order to write good articles. From that position, he was able to write the history of the Iberian Liberation Movement.

Reus
Reus (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈrɛws]) is the capital of Baix Camp, in Camp de Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 111,601 (register office, 2025) .

Reus is a producer of wines and spirits, and gained significance during the Phylloxera plague. Currently it is known for its commercial activity, as a center for rock climbing, and as the birthplace of architect Antoni Gaudí.
West Maas en Waal
West Maas en Waal (Dutch pronunciation: [ʋɛst ˈmaːs ɛɱ ˈʋaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland.

The municipality covers the western part of the Land van Maas en Waal, an island located between the Meuse and Waal rivers.

Waal (river)
The Waal (Dutch name, pronounced [ʋaːl] ⓘ) is the main distributary branch of the river Rhine flowing approximately 80 km (50 mi) through the Netherlands. It is the major waterway connecting the port of Rotterdam to Germany. Before it reaches Rotterdam, it joins with the Afgedamde Maas near Woudrichem to form the Boven Merwede. Along its length, Nijmegen, Tiel, Zaltbommel and Gorinchem are towns of importance with direct access to the river.

The river, which is the main channel in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta system, carries 65% of the total flow of the Rhine.
Pineapple Primary
The Pineapple Primary was the name given to the primary election held in Illinois on April 10, 1928. The campaign was marked by numerous acts of violence, mostly in Chicago and elsewhere in Cook County. In the six months prior to the primary election, 62 bombings took place in the city, and at least two politicians were killed. The term "Pineapple Primary" originates with the contemporary slang term "pineapple" to describe a hand grenade.

Underlying the violent campaign was the lucrative Prohibition-era bootlegging trade, a corrupt city government, politicians with ties to organized crime, and a deep-seated and bitter political rivalry between several of the Illinois Republican candidates. The threat of election day violence was so severe that Chicago's U.S. Marshal requested the U.S. Attorney General for authority to deputize 500 additional federal marshals to assure the electorate to cast their ballots in safety.

Rum-running
Rum-running, or bootlegging, is the illegal business of smuggling alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law. The term rum-running is more commonly applied to smuggling over water; bootlegging is applied to smuggling over land.

Smuggling circumvents alcohol taxes and outright prohibition of alcohol sales.
Faith Versus Fact
Faith Versus Fact: Why Science and Religion Are Incompatible is a 2015 book by the biologist Jerry Coyne concerning the relationship between science and religion. Coyne argues that religion and science are incompatible, by surveying the history of science and stating that both religion and science make claims about the universe, yet only science is open to the fact that it may be wrong.

Coyne was astonished that after having published his book Why Evolution is True that the proportion of creationists in the United States still remained between 40 and 46 percent. He felt that faith was the main reason many people continued to reject the facts and evidence for evolution.

Faith
In religion, faith is the "belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion".

Religious people often think of faith as confidence based on a perceived degree of warrant, or evidence, while others who are more skeptical of religion tend to think of faith as belief without evidence.

According to Thomas Aquinas, faith is "an act of the intellect assenting to the truth at the command of the will".
Religion has a long tradition, since the ancient world, of analyzing divine questions using common human experiences such as sensation, reason, science, and history that do not rely on revelation—called natural theology.
Ramon Solsona i Sancho
Ramon Solsona i Sancho (Barcelona, February 7, 1950) is a Catalan writer and publicist. He has a degree in Romance Philology and he is also a high school teacher on leave. Notable for his ironic style and numerous collaborations with print media (Avui, Diari de Barcelona, La Vanguardia) and radio (Catalunya Ràdio, RAC 1), he is a currently collaborator of a radio program (El Matí de Catalunya Ràdio with Mònica Terribas, section "Entre paraules").

Diario de Barcelona
The Diario de Barcelona (catalán: Diari de Barcelona) (The Barcelona Journal) was a newspaper founded in 1792 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.  With a few interruptions it was published in paper form until 1994, and in digital form until 2009, making it one of the oldest newspapers in Europe. It has been called the most important newspaper in Barcelona's history, or the first real chronicle of Barcelona.
Čepovan
Čepovan (pronounced [ˈtʃeːpɔʋan]; Italian: Chiapovano, German: Tschepobon) is a settlement in the Municipality of Nova Gorica in western Slovenia. Apart from the main village of Čepovan, it extends to include a number of smaller hamlets in the valley known as Čepovanski Dol: Dol, Drage, Frata, Griva, Lazna, Močile, Podčepovna, Pod Goro (Slovene: Pod goro), Puštale, Robe, Rut, Šulgi, Tesno, Vrata, and Vrše.

Urban Municipality of Nova Gorica
The Urban Municipality of Nova Gorica (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋa ɡɔˈɾìːtsa] ⓘ; Slovene: Mestna občina Nova Gorica) is a municipality in the traditional region of the Slovene Littoral in western Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the city of Nova Gorica. Nova Gorica became a municipality in 1994. It borders Italy.
Alberta Highway 884
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 884, commonly referred to as Highway 884, is a highway in the province of Alberta, Canada. It runs south-north from Highway 1 in Suffield to Highway 13 in Amisk, between Highway 36 and Highway 41. This route is also known as 3 Street E in Youngstown. Its southern portion passes alongside and through CFB Suffield.

Suffield, Alberta
Suffield is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within Cypress County. It is located on the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) approximately 32 km (20 mi) northwest of Medicine Hat, and just south of CFB Suffield.
Smart ligand
Smart ligands are affinity ligands selected with pre-defined equilibrium (), kinetic (, ) and thermodynamic (ΔH, ΔS) parameters of biomolecular interaction.

Ligands with desired parameters can be selected from large combinatorial libraries of biopolymers using instrumental separation techniques with well-described kinetic behaviour, such as kinetic capillary electrophoresis (KCE), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), microscale thermophoresis (MST), etc. Known examples of smart ligands include DNA smart aptamers; however, RNA and peptide smart aptamers can also be developed.

Smart ligands can find a set of unique applications in biomedical research, drug discovery and proteomic studies. For example, a panel of DNA smart aptamers has been recently used to develop affinity analysis of proteins with ultra-wide dynamic range of measured concentrations.

Surface plasmon resonance
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a phenomenon that occurs where electrons in a thin metal sheet become excited by light that is directed to the sheet with a particular angle of incidence, and then travel parallel to the sheet. Assuming a constant light source wavelength and that the metal sheet is thin, the angle of incidence that triggers SPR is related to the refractive index of the material; even a small change in the refractive index will cause SPR to not be observed. This makes SPR a possible technique for detecting particular substances (analytes) and SPR biosensors have been developed to detect various important biomarkers.
Millbourne/Woodvale stop
Millbourne/Woodvale stop is a tram stop in the Edmonton LRT network in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It serves the Valley Line, and is located on the east side of 66 Street, north of 38 Avenue NW, at the corners of Michaels Park, Greenview, Hillview, and Lee Ridge. The stop was scheduled to open in 2020. It officially opened on November 4, 2023.

Tram stop
A tram stop, tram station, streetcar stop, or light rail station is a place designated for a tram, streetcar, or light rail vehicle to stop so passengers can board or alight it. Generally, tram stops share most characteristics of bus stops, but because trams operate on rails, they often include railway platforms, especially if stepless entries are provided for accessibility. However, trams may also be used with bus stop type flags and with mid-street pavements as platforms, in street running mode.
George Foster (MP)
George Foster or Forster (by 1518–1573), of Boston, Lincolnshire, was an English Member of Parliament.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Boston in March 1553, October 1553, April 1554, November 1554, 1555 and 1558. He was the Mayor of Boston, Lincolnshire 1558–9.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Sarkari Hi. Pra. Shaale, Kasaragodu, Koduge: Ramanna Rai
Sarkaari Hiriya Praathamika Shaale, Kaasaragodu, Kodugé: Raamanna Rai (transl.  Government Higher Primary School, Kasaragodu, Donated by: Raamanna Rai) is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language socio-political comedy film written, directed and produced by Rishab Shetty, presented by Sudeepa. The film stars Anant Nag, Pramod Shetty, Ranjan, Sampath, Saptha Pavoor, Mahendra, Sohan Shetty, Prakash Thuminad, Manish Heroor and others.

The film was released on 24 August 2018 to positive reviews and was declared a success at the box office. 
In 2019, it won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film, at the 66th National Film Awards.

66th National Film Awards
The 66th National Film Awards ceremony was the award ceremony which took place in 2019 to honour the best films of 2018, in the Indian cinema. The declaration of awards was delayed due to 2019 Indian general election.
Tianjin Nankai High School
Tianjin Nankai High School (Chinese: 天津南开中学) is a college-preparatory high school in Tianjin, China. This is the original Nankai High School, and it is often referred to as Nankai High School in Tianjin to differentiate it from Chongqing Nankai Middle School, its sister school in Chongqing. Nankai was one of the first modern secondary schools in China and boasts several of the important figures of modern Chinese history as its alumni. The main campus is located at 22 Nankai 4th Rd in Nankai District. The other two campuses are in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City and Haihe Jiaoyu Yuanqu, Tianjin.

Academia Sinica
Academia Sinica (AS; Latin: Academia Sinica; Chinese: 中央研究院) is the national academy of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is headquartered in Nangang, Taipei.

Founded in Nanjing in 1928, the academy supports research activities in mathematics, physical sciences, life sciences, humanities and social sciences. As an educational institute, it provides PhD training and scholarship through its English-language Taiwan International Graduate Program in biology, agriculture, chemistry, physics, informatics, and earth and environmental sciences.

The current president since 2016 is James C. Liao, an expert in metabolic engineering, systems biology and synthetic biology.
Geneviève Amyot
Geneviève Amyot (January 10, 1945 – June 11, 2000) was a Canadian poet and novelist.

Amyot was born in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Quebec. She studied pedagogy at the École Normale Notre-Dame-De-Foy from 1961 to 1965, and then French at Laval University, where she received her degree in 1969. She taught in a primary school from 1965 to 1972, and taught literature at the college level.

She then focused on her writing. She collaborated with many magazines including Estuaire, Dérives, La Nouvelle Barre du jour, Interventions, Québec français and Room of One's Own.

She is the aunt of comedian Yves Amyot.

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿oɡystɛ̃ də demɔʁ]) is a city in central Quebec, Canada, on the Saint Lawrence River, adjacent to Quebec City.

The town was founded in 1691 by three families (Desroches, Racette, Couture). It was merged with Quebec City on January 1, 2002 as part of the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec and became part of the Laurentien borough of that city. However, after a 2004 referendum it was re-established as a separate city on January 1, 2006.

The local post office was previously named Saint-Augustin-de-Portneuf from 1852, then Saint-Augustin-de-Québec from 1918 until this was renamed to the community's current name in 1986.
2013 Tarlac City local elections
Tarlac City held local elections on May 13, 2013, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected candidates for mayor, vice mayor, and ten councilors. Incumbent mayor Gelacio Manalang won the elections, securing him to serve his second three-year term as the mayor of Tarlac City. Manalang defeated former mayor Genaro Mendoza, former city administrator and health officer Jerome Lapeña, and incumbent 2nd district provincial board member Danilo Asiaten.

Manalang's running mate, the incumbent vice mayor Mike Tañedo, topped the vice mayoral race, securing him to serve his second three-year term as the city's vice mayor. Tañedo defeated incumbent city councilor Ana Aguas by a wide margin. Affiliated with the Liberal Party during the previous election, Tañedo switched his party affiliation to Lakas-CMD during his second term.

In the city council elections, Mendoza's Team Magsikap (LP-NPC) coalition won seven seats while Manalang's Tuloy Sigla coalition got three seats.

2013 Philippine general election
A general election was held in the Philippines on May 13, 2013. It was a midterm election—the officials elected were sworn in on June 30, 2013, midway through President Benigno Aquino III's term of office.

Being elected are 12 senators (half of the Senate), and all 229 district members of the House of Representatives. These national elections were held on the same day as local and gubernatorial elections, as well as a general election in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. In total, there were 18,022 national and local positions up for election.

Barangay officials, including barangay captains, were elected on October 28, 2013. The elections for SK officials were held at the same day, but on September 24, 2013, the Congress of the Philippines voted to postpone of the election for at least a year.
Eros Glacier
Eros Glacier (71°18′S 68°20′W﻿ / ﻿71.300°S 68.333°W﻿ / -71.300; -68.333) is a glacier on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 7 nautical miles (13 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide at its mouth, flowing southeast from the Planet Heights into George VI Sound immediately north of Fossil Bluff. It was probably first seen on November 23, 1935, by Lincoln Ellsworth, who flew directly over the glacier and obtained photos of features north and south of it. The mouth of the glacier was observed and positioned by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1936 and the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1948 and 1949. The glacier was mapped in detail from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the FIDS in 1960. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after the minor planet Eros in association with nearby Pluto Glacier and Uranus Glacier.

433 Eros
433 Eros is a stony asteroid of the Amor group, and the first discovered, and second-largest near-Earth object. It has an elongated shape and a volume-equivalent diameter of approximately 16.8 kilometers (10.4 miles).

The asteroid was discovered by German astronomer C. G. Witt at the Berlin Observatory on 13 August 1898 in an eccentric orbit between Mars and Earth. It was later named after Eros, a god from Greek mythology, the son of Aphrodite. He is identified with the planet Venus.
Cyanea angustifolia
Cyanea angustifolia is a plant in the genus Cyanea that is found in Hawaii. Leaves of this species, as well as the endangered ʻakuʻaku (Cyanea platyphylla), were wrapped in ti (kī) leaves, cooked in an ʻimu and eaten in times of food scarcity by early Hawaiians.

Kālua
Kālua (Hawaiian: [kaːˈlu.a]) is a traditional Hawaiian cooking method that utilizes an imu, a type of underground oven. The word "kālua" ("to cook in an underground oven" in the Hawaiian language) may also be used to describe the food cooked in this manner, such as kālua pig or kālua turkey, which are commonly served at lūʻau feasts. The word lūʻau is the Hawaiian name for the taro leaf, which, when young and small resembles cooked spinach after being steamed for a few hours. The traditional lūʻau was eaten on the floor over lauhala mats (leaves of the hala tree woven together).
Albin de la Simone
Albin de la Simone (born in Amiens, Picardy, France on 14 December 1970) is a French singer-songwriter.

He has released five albums since 2003, being nominated to the 2018 Victoires de la Musique in the Best Song Album (Meilleur album de chansons) category and in 2014 in the Best Live Newcomers (Révélation scène) category.

He has been working in music since the mid-1990s as a keyboardist, bassist, arranger, and director for a large number of artists, including Miossec, Vanessa Paradis, Keren Ann, Arthur H, Alain Souchon, Raphaël Haroche, Mathieu Boogaerts, Jean-Louis Aubert, and Salif Keita, among others (complete discography below).

As an artist, his musical works are exhibited at Les Francofolies de La Rochelle, Philharmonie de Paris, and many other galleries and festivals.

He is also associated with the Théâtre National de Bretagne.

Philharmonie de Paris
The Philharmonie de Paris (French pronunciation: [filaʁmoni də paʁi]; English: Paris Philharmonic Hall) is a complex of concert halls in Paris, France. The buildings also house exhibition spaces and rehearsal rooms. The main buildings are all located in the Parc de la Villette at the northeastern edge of Paris in the 19th arrondissement. At the core of this set of spaces is the symphonic concert hall of 2,400 seats designed by Jean Nouvel and opened in January 2015. Its construction had been postponed for about twenty years to complete the current musical institution la Cité de la Musique designed by Christian de Portzamparc and opened in 1995.

Mainly dedicated to symphonic concerts, the Philharmonie de Paris also presents other forms of music such as jazz and world music.
Appropriate Behavior
Appropriate Behavior is a 2014 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Desiree Akhavan in her feature directorial debut. The film stars Akhavan as Shirin, a bisexual Persian American woman in Brooklyn struggling to rebuild her life after breaking up with her girlfriend Maxine (Rebecca Henderson). The cast also includes Scott Adsit, Halley Feiffer, Anh Duong, Hooman Majd, Arian Moayed and Aimee Mullins.

The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on 18 January 2014. It was released in the United States on 16 January 2015 by Gravitas Ventures and in the United Kingdom on 6 March 2015 by Peccadillo Pictures.

Peccadillo Pictures
Peccadillo Pictures is a UK-based film producer and distributor of art house, gay and lesbian, independent and world cinema. They have provided distribution for many films such as Weekend, Tomboy, XXY, Eyes Wide Open, Four Minutes, The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros, Transylvania, Cockles and Muscles, Summer Storm, The Guest House and Chemsex.
56th Venice International Film Festival
The 56th annual Venice International Film Festival was held between 1 and 11 September 1999.

Stanley Kubrick's final film Eyes Wide Shut was the festival's opening film. Yugoslavian filmmaker Emir Kusturica was the Jury President for the main competition.

The Golden Lion was awarded to Not One Less directed by Zhang Yimou.

Alison Maclean
Alison Maclean (born July 31, 1958) is a Canadian-New Zealand film director of music videos, short films, television (episodes of Sex and the City, The Tudors, Homicide: Life on the Street), commercials and feature films. Her works include the music video "Torn" (Natalie Imbruglia, 1997), the short film Kitchen Sink (1989) and the feature films  Jesus' Son (1999) (starring Billy Crudup) and Crush (1992) (starring Marcia Gay Harden). She has been the recipient of several awards (e.g. Best Short Film, Talkback (1987) and Kitchen Sink (1989), New Zealand Film Awards), and often uses themes of communication, gender roles, and power structures in her directorial and filmmaking roles.