hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SPIC MACAY
The Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical Music And Culture Amongst Youth, abbreviated as SPIC MACAY, is a voluntary youth movement which promotes intangible aspects of Indian cultural heritage by promoting Indian classical music, classical dance, folk music, yoga, meditation, crafts and other aspects of Indian culture; it is a movement with chapters in over 8,000 towns all over the world.  SPIC MACAY was established by Dr. Kiran Seth in 1977 at IIT Delhi.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Second Schröder cabinet
The Second Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder II) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany, in office from 22 October 2002 until November 2005. It succeeded the First Schröder cabinet formed after the 2002 elections.

The cabinet had 13 departments, one fewer than the previous cabinet formed by Schröder. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder continued the coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD). Joschka Fischer (Greens) served as Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the First Merkel cabinet following the 2005 elections.

Joschka Fischer
Joseph Martin "Joschka" Fischer (born 12 April 1948) is a German former politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens party. He served as the foreign minister and as the vice chancellor of Germany in the cabinet of Gerhard Schröder from 1998 to 2005. Fischer has been a leading figure in the German Greens since the 1970s, and according to opinion polls, he was the most popular politician in Germany for most of the Schröder government's duration. Following the September 2005 election, in which the Schröder government was defeated, he left office on 22 November 2005. In September 2010, he supported the creation of the Spinelli Group, a Europarliamentarian initiative founded with a view to reinvigorate efforts to federalise the European Union.
Lala language (South Africa)
Lala is a Bantu language of South Africa, claimed to be extinct in some sources. As of 1999, however, there were still a number of communities of speakers in the coastal regions of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Although it is a Tekela Nguni language, for sociological reasons it is often considered a dialect of Zulu (a Zunda Nguni language), whereas it differs quite markedly in phonology and to a degree in morphology, and with a large portion of its lexicon derived from Xhosa (because of Xhosa-medium schooling in the old Natal South Coast) and the IsiZansi Tekela variety of the lower South Coast.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Pedoptila thaletes
Pedoptila thaletes is a moth in the family Himantopteridae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1907. It is found in the Republic of the Congo and Cameroon.

The head, collar, tegulae, thorax, and abdomen are reddish brown, the abdomen are banded with black and the antennae, underside of the abdomen, and the legs are black. The anus is clothed with greyish hairs. The basal half of the reddish forewings is orange, the outer half is black, and the veins are black. The hindwings are reddish orange as far as the lobe, which is black almost to the end of the wing. The tip of the tail is white.

Herbert Druce
Herbert Druce, FLS (14 July 1846 in London – 11 April 1913 in London) was an English entomologist. His collections were acquired by Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), Osbert Salvin (1835–1898), and James John Joicey (1870–1932) before being bequeathed to the Natural History Museum in London.

He is not to be confused with his son, the English entomologist Hamilton Herbert Druce (1869 – 21 June 1922), who also worked on Lepidoptera.
2018 Uruguay Open – Doubles
Romain Arneodo and Fernando Romboli were the defending champions but only Romboli chose to defend his title, partnering Fabrício Neis. Romboli lost in the first round to Sergio Galdós and Federico Zeballos.

Guido Andreozzi and Guillermo Durán won the title after defeating Facundo Bagnis and Andrés Molteni 7–6(7–5), 6–4 in the final.

Romain Arneodo
Romain Arneodo (born 4 August 1992) is a French-born Monégasque professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 43, reached on 14 April 2025. He won the Monte-Carlo Masters doubles title in 2025, with Manuel Guinard, becoming the first Monégasque champion at the tournament.

Arneodo also reached a singles ranking of world No. 455 on 25 August 2014. From 2008 to 2013, he represented France in international competitions, but has since represented Monaco.
Gaming Innovation Group
Gaming Innovation Group. (usually styled GiG) is an iGaming company offering iGaming platform, sportsbook and AI services  to its B2B partners. The company is listed on the Nasdaq First North Growth Market under the ticker symbol "GIG SBD".

GiG is a full-service iGaming software services provider  for online gambling operators and has progressively expanded into most segments of the supplier value chain in iGaming: Software platform services (GiG Core), formerly known as iGaming Cloud, and sportsbook (GiG Sports and the 2022 acquisition of Sportnco).

The company has previously operated several consumer brands, including Rizk.com and Guts.com, before divesting them to Betsson in April 2020. The company's platform of services is licensed by the MGA, UKGC and offered under a TW issued by the DGE in New Jersey. It is certified in Sweden, Spain, Iowa (USA), Croatia and Latvia, and is also compliant with GLI33 and GLI16 platform standards and ISO27001 for GiG Core and GiG Data.

Ticker symbol
A ticker symbol or stock symbol is an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock or security on a particular stock exchange. Ticker symbols are arrangements of symbols or characters (generally Latin letters or digits) which provide a shorthand for investors to refer to, purchase, and research securities. Some exchanges include ticker extensions, which encode additional information such as share class, bankruptcy status, or voting rights into the ticker.

The first ticker symbol was used in 1867, following the invention of the ticker tape machine by Edward Calahan. It was used to identify shares of the Union Pacific Railroad Company.
Pennbrook station
Pennbrook station is a station along the SEPTA Lansdale/Doylestown Line, north of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.  In FY 2013, Pennbrook station had a weekday average of 467 boardings and 371 alightings.

The station is located at Church Road and Cherry Street in the Pennbrook section of the borough of Lansdale and features a 222 space parking lot. Most of these parking spaces are located on the east side of Church Road and are on Borough of Lansdale property.  The lots on the west side of Church Road are on SEPTA property.  Overnight parking is allowed by prior arrangement on the SEPTA lots. It is not allowed on the Lansdale lots.  This station consists of two acrylic glass shelters on both platforms.

Lansdale/Doylestown Line
The Lansdale/Doylestown Line is a SEPTA Regional Rail line connecting Center City Philadelphia to Doylestown in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. With 9,257 daily riders every weekday in FY 2024, it is the second busiest line in SEPTA's Regional Rail network.

Until 1981, diesel-powered trains continued on the Bethlehem Branch from Lansdale to Quakertown, Bethlehem, and Allentown. Restored service on that portion has been proposed, but is not planned by SEPTA. The line is currently used by the East Penn Railroad for freight.
Phase plug
In a loudspeaker, a phase plug, phasing plug or acoustical transformer is a mechanical interface between a speaker driver and the audience. The phase plug extends high frequency response because it guides waves outward toward the listener rather than allowing them to interact destructively near the driver.

Phase plugs are commonly found in high-powered horn loudspeakers used in professional audio, in the mid- and high-frequency bandpasses, positioned between the compression driver diaphragm and the acoustic horn. They may also be present in front of woofer cones in some loudspeaker designs. In each case they serve to equalize sound wave path lengths from the driver to the listener, to prevent cancellations and frequency response problems. The phase plug can be considered a further narrowing of the horn throat, becoming an extension of the horn to the surface of the diaphragm.

Horn (acoustic)
An acoustic horn or waveguide is a tapered sound guide designed to provide an acoustic impedance match between a sound source and free air. This has the effect of maximizing the efficiency with which sound waves from the particular source are transferred to the air. Conversely, a horn can be used at the receiving end to optimize the transfer of sound from the air to a receiver.

Acoustic horns are found in nature in the form of the burrows constructed by male mole crickets to amplify their song. The earliest appearance of the horn in connection to sound in The Times was published in 1786:

Red-cross Knight, approach the Gate;
Sound the horn, not fear thy fate.
Boltzmann–Matano analysis
The Boltzmann–Matano method is used to convert the partial differential equation resulting from Fick's law of diffusion into a more easily solved ordinary differential equation, which can then be applied to calculate the diffusion coefficient as a function of concentration.

Ludwig Boltzmann worked on Fick's second law to convert it into an ordinary differential equation, whereas Chujiro Matano performed experiments with diffusion couples and calculated the diffusion coefficients as a function of concentration in metal alloys. Specifically, Matano proved that the diffusion rate of A atoms into a B-atom crystal lattice is a function of the amount of A atoms already in the B lattice.

The importance of the classic Boltzmann–Matano method consists in the ability to extract diffusivities from concentration–distance data. These methods, also known as inverse methods, have both proven to be reliable, convenient and accurate with the assistance of modern computational techniques.

Ordinary differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable. As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function(s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with partial differential equations (PDEs) which may be with respect to more than one independent variable, and, less commonly, in contrast with stochastic differential equations (SDEs) where the progression is random.
Ivanja Reka interchange
The Ivanja Reka interchange (Croatian: Čvor Ivanja Reka) is a cloverleaf interchange east of Zagreb, Croatia. The interchange represents the southern terminus of the A4 motorway and it connects the A4 route to the A3 motorway representing major a link in the Croatian motorway system. The interchange is a part of Pan-European corridors Vb and X. It also represents a junction of European routes E65, E70 and E71.

The interchange was completed at junction of the Slavonska Avenue—four lane road providing access to Zagreb, present-day A3 motorway section to Lipovljani, built in 1980, and a 22.15-kilometre (13.76 mi) section between the Lučko and Ivanja Reka interchanges, a section of the Zagreb bypass opened in 1981. It was named after the nearby village of Ivanja Reka. The interchange originally also included a four-lane road, later upgraded and renamed as A4 motorway connecting Varaždin.

Cloverleaf interchange
A cloverleaf interchange is a two-level interchange in which all turns are handled by slip roads. To go left (in right-hand traffic; reverse directions in left-driving regions), vehicles first continue as one road passes over or under the other, then exit right onto a one-way three-quarter loop ramp (270°) and merge onto the intersecting road. The objective of a cloverleaf is to allow two highways to cross without the need for any traffic to be stopped by traffic lights. The limiting factor in the capacity of a cloverleaf interchange is traffic weaving.
Huawei Ascend W1
The Huawei Ascend W1 is Huawei's first device to run Windows Phone 8. It was announced at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show (CES). It was released in January 2013 as the least expensive Windows Phone in the Chinese market.

Because of the limited memory available on this phone, certain applications and features will not be able to run.

For African markets, the phone is named as "Huawei 4Afrika" as part of Microsoft's 4Afrika Initiative.

Consumer Electronics Show
CES (formerly an initialism for Consumer Electronics Show) is an annual trade show organized by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Held in January at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada, United States, the event typically hosts presentations of new products and technologies in the consumer electronics industry.
Drewry (surname)
Drewry is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Drewry (1891–1961), English director of football and FIFA president

Christopher Drewry, British Army general

David Drewry (born 1947), English glaciologist and geophysicist

George Leslie Drewry (1894–1918), English Royal Navy officer and Victoria Cross recipient

James Sidney Drewry (1883–1952), British engineer

Patrick H. Drewry (1875–1947), American politician

George Drewry
George Leslie Drewry VC  (3 November 1894 – 2 August 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Drewry was born on 3 November 1894 to Thomas and Mary Drewry. He joined the Naval Reserve in 1913, and was called up for service at the start of World War I.

As a 20-year-old midshipman in the Royal Naval Reserve during the First World War, he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 25 April 1915 at V Beach in the Landing at Cape Helles, during the Gallipoli campaign.

He later achieved the rank of lieutenant and was killed in an accident at Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, on 2 August 1918.

Since 27 November 2025, his Victoria Cross has been displayed at Merchant Taylors' School, his old school, after 29 years at the IWM.
Sebastian Bergne
Sebastian Bergne (born 1966) is a British industrial designer. He has designed consumer products, lighting, furniture, kitchenware, and tableware for companies such as Luceplan, Pierre Frey, Tolix, Driade, Tefal, Muji, De Beers, and Vitra.

Bergne graduated from The Royal College of Art in 1990. He has spoken about how childhood dyslexia influenced his education and career choices.

Collections holding examples of his work include those of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Design Museum in London, and the Museé des Arts Décoratifs in Paris. His work has also received international design awards such as Red Dot, Design Plus, and the iF Product Design Award.

Bergne designed pieces for Point Two Five at the London Design Festival 2024.

Vitra (furniture)
Vitra is a Swiss family-owned furniture company headquartered in Birsfelden, Switzerland. It manufactures the works of many furniture designers. Vitra is also known for the works of notable architects that make up its premises in Weil am Rhein, Germany, in particular the Vitra Design Museum.
Kadlec
Kadlec (feminine Kadlecová) is a Czech surname meaning weaver. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrej Kadlec (born 1996), Slovak footballer

Arnold Kadlec (born 1959), Czech ice hockey player

Drahomír Kadlec (born 1965), Czech ice hockey player

Jiřina Kadlecová (born 1948), Czech field hockey player

Klára Kadlecová (born 1995), Czech figure skater

Marta Kadlecová (born 1944), Czech swimmer

Michal Kadlec (born 1984), Czech footballer

Milan Kadlec (born 1974), Czech racing cyclist

Milan Kadlec (pentathlete) (1958–2001), Czech pentathlete

Miroslav Kadlec (born 1964), Czech footballer

Monika Kadlecová (born 1990), Slovak road cyclist

Petr Kadlec (born 1977), Czech ice hockey player

Robert Kadlec, American civil servant

Václav Kadlec (born 1992), Czech footballer

Vladimír Kadlec (born 1957), German basketball player

Petr Kadlec
Petr Kadlec (born 5 January 1977 in Prague) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for HC Slavia Praha of the Czech Extraliga. Kadlec was drafted 234th overall in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft by the Florida Panthers, but has played his entire career within his native Czech Republic.

Kadlec previously played in each of his 19 professional seasons with HC Slavia Praha of the Czech Extraliga. After brief loan spells with HC Berounští Medvědi and HC Keramika Plzeň, Kadlec opted to endure his first full professional season away from Prague in signing a one-year deal with HC Keramika Plzeň for his 20th professional season on 2 May 2014.
Matti Puittinen
Matti Sanfrid (Samfred) Puittinen (5 December 1883 – 30 January 1937) was a Finnish construction worker and politician, born in Pielisjärvi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 until his death in 1937, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He was a presidential elector in the 1925 and 1931 presidential elections.

1931 Finnish presidential election
Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1931. On 15 and 16 January the public elected presidential electors to an electoral college. They in turn elected the President. The result was a victory for Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who won on the third ballot by just two votes. The turnout for the popular vote was 47.3%.
Aurel Wintner
Aurel Friedrich Wintner (8 April 1903 – 15 January 1958) was a mathematician noted for his research in mathematical analysis, number theory, differential equations and probability theory.  He was one of the founders of probabilistic number theory.  He received his Ph.D. from the University of Leipzig in 1928 under the guidance of Leon Lichtenstein. He taught at Johns Hopkins University.

He was a nephew of the astronomer Samuel Oppenheim, and the son-in-law of mathematician Otto Hölder.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
2017 Tamil Thalaivas season
The 2017 Tamil Thalaivas season is the first season of the Tamil Thalaivas' existence in the Pro Kabaddi League. The team is led by Ajay Thakur and coached by K Baskaran. The team is owned by Nimmagadda Prasad and  former Indian cricket captain Sachin Tendulkar, Actors  Allu Arjun and Ram Charan and also  Allu Aravind. Actor Kamal Hasan is the brand ambassador of the team. Tamil Thalaivas play their home matches at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai), Tamil Nadu.

2017 Pro Kabaddi League
The 2017 Vivo Pro Kabaddi League season was the fifth season of Pro Kabaddi League, a professional kabaddi league in India since 2014. It is organised by Mashal Sports and Star India. This season includes 12 teams after the inclusion of four new teams: UP Yoddha, Tamil Thalaivas, Haryana Steelers and Gujarat Fortunegiants.
Hollywood Christmas Parade
The Hollywood Christmas Parade (formerly the Hollywood Santa Parade and Santa Claus Lane Parade) is an annual parade held on the Sunday after Thanksgiving in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. It follows a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) route along Hollywood Boulevard, then back along Sunset Boulevard, featuring various celebrities.

Traditionally, Santa Claus appears at the end.

Danny Thomas
Amos Muzyad Yaqoob Kairouz (January 6, 1912 – February 6, 1991), known professionally as Danny Thomas, was an American entertainer, producer, and philanthropist. After launching his career in the 1940s in radio and cinema, he created and starred in the 1953–1964 television sitcom Make Room for Daddy / The Danny Thomas Show, and went on to produce a number of successful television programs. In 1962, he leveraged his celebrity status to establish St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, a leading center in pediatrics research and treatment, with a focus on pediatric cancer. He was the father of Marlo Thomas, Terre Thomas, and Tony Thomas.
Naaah, Dis Kid Can't Be from Canada?!!
Naaah, Dis Kid Can't Be from Canada?!! (stylized as "Naaah, Dis Kid Can't be from Canada?!!") is the fourth studio album by Canadian rapper Maestro Fresh-Wes, released on April 16, 1994, on Attic/LMR Records. Singles from the album include "Fine Tune da Mic" and "Certs wid Out da Retsyn". The album was produced by Maestro, with contributions from D.I.T.C. member Showbiz.

D.I.T.C.
The Diggin' in the Crates Crew, commonly known as D.I.T.C., is an American hip hop collective formed in 1992 in New York City. The collective's name derives from the act of seeking out records to sample for production. The collective is composed of Lord Finesse, Diamond D, Big L, O.C., Fat Joe, Buckwild, Showbiz and A.G. Ghetto Dwellas Party Arty and D-Flow. Its members have achieved substantial and consistent recognition in underground rap circles, having often collaborated with undiscovered talents and underground hip hop artists alongside mainstream rappers.
Yamalokadalli Veerappan
Yamalokadalli Veerappan (transl. Veerappan in Yamaloka) is a 1998 Indian Kannada-language mythological action drama film directed by H C Prakash. The film's story is partly inspired by Veerappan's life and stars Dheerendra Gopal, Sarigama Viji, Satya Prakash and Akhila.

Veerappan
Koose Munisamy Veerappan (18 January 1952 – 18 October 2004) was an Indian poacher, smuggler, domestic terrorist and bandit who was active for 36 years, and kidnapped major politicians for ransom. He was charged with sandalwood smuggling and poaching of elephants in the scrub lands and forests in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. He was wanted for killing around 184 people, about half of whom were police officers and forest officials. He was also responsible for poaching approximately 500 of the 2,000 elephants killed in the peninsular region where he was active and for smuggling ivory worth US$2.6 million (₹16 crore) and about 65 tons of sandalwood worth approximately US$22 million (₹143 crore).

The battle to capture Veerappan cost the governments of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka over ₹100 crore.