hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arava Stream
The Arava Stream (Hebrew: נחל הערבה, Nahal HaArava)  is an intermittent stream (occasionally flowing in the rainy, winter season) that flows from the approximate mid-point of the Arava desert in Israel's Southern District northward. It is 89 km long, and in many parts, serves as the actual border between Israel and Jordan. The stream originates on the crest of the Notza Ridge, which forms the watershed divide between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea, and from which all streams in the Arava desert flow either north to the Dead Sea or south to the Red Sea. The stream's prominent tributaries include: Nahal Paran, Nahal Barak, Nahal Tzin, Nahal Tzafit, and Nahal Nekorot. In addition to Israel and Jordan, parts of its drainage basin are in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt.

Southern District (Israel)
The Southern District (Hebrew: מחוז הדרום, Meḥoz HaDarom; Arabic: لواء الجنوب) is one of Israel's six administrative districts, the largest in terms of land area but the most sparsely populated. It covers most of the Negev desert, as well as the Arava valley. The population of the Southern District is 1,086,240 and its area is 14,185 km2. Its population is 79.66% Jewish and 12.72% Arab (mostly Muslim), with 7.62% of other origins.

The district capital is Beersheba, while the largest city is Ashdod. Beersheba's dormitory towns of Omer, Meitar, and Lehavim are affluent relative to other Israeli cities, while the development towns of Dimona, Sderot, Netivot, Ofakim, and Yeruham and the seven Bedouin cities are lower on the socio-economic scale.
Leofric Missal
The Leofric Missal is an illuminated manuscript, not strictly a conventional missal, from the 10th and 11th century, now in the Bodleian Library at Oxford University where it is catalogued as MS Bodl. 579.

Missal
A missal is a liturgical book containing instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the liturgical year. Versions differ across liturgical tradition, period, and purpose, with some missals intended to enable a priest to celebrate Mass publicly and others for private and lay use. The texts of the most common Eucharistic liturgy in the world, the Catholic Church's Mass of Paul VI of the Roman Rite, are contained in the 1970 edition of the Roman Missal.

Missals have also been published for earlier forms of the Roman Rite and other Latin liturgical rites. Other liturgical books typically contain the Eucharistic liturgies of other ritual traditions, but missals exist for the Byzantine Rites, Eastern Orthodox Western Rites, Lutheran and Anglican liturgies.
Jon Potter
Jonathan Nicholas Mark Potter (born 19 November 1963) is a former field hockey player who was a member of the gold-winning Great Britain squad at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. After his playing career he became the managing director of House of Suntory and Maison Courvoisier at Suntory Global Spirits.

Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul took place from 18 September to 1 October 1988 at the Seongnam Stadium in Seongnam. Twenty teams (twelve for men and eight for women) competed in the tournament.
Ashton Historic District (Port Penn, Delaware)
Ashton Historic District is a national historic district located near Port Penn, New Castle County, Delaware, United States. It encompasses six contributing buildings associated with an original settler and his immediate descendants on early land grant in St. Georges Hundred. The three structures associated with the early occupation are the Robert Ashton House, the Joseph Ashton House, and the John Ashton House. The Robert Ashton House, probably the earliest of the group, is a frame, five-bay, single-pile, gambrel-roofed building with shed-roofed
dormers. The Joseph Ashton House, consists of an early-18th-century two-story, three-bay, hall-and-parlor-plan brick structure with a late-18th or early-19th century brick wing. The John Ashton House, consists of a brick, early-18th century two-story, three-bay, hall-and-parlor-plan house with a frame wing.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Port Penn, Delaware
Port Penn is a census-designated place located in St. Georges Hundred, southern New Castle County, Delaware, United States, below the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal on the west bank of the Delaware River. Port Penn is home to the Port Penn Interpretive Center. Its population is estimated at 252.
1986 Brazilian Grand Prix
The 1986 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Jacarepaguá in Rio de Janeiro on 23 March 1986. It was the opening race of the 1986 Formula One World Championship. It was the 15th Brazilian Grand Prix and the seventh to be held at Jacarepaguá. The race was held over 61 laps of the 5.03-kilometre (3.13 mi) circuit for a race distance of 306.9 kilometres (190.7 mi).

The race was won by local driver Nelson Piquet, driving a Williams-Honda, after he started from second position. Compatriot Ayrton Senna took pole position in his Lotus-Renault, but Piquet overtook him on lap 3 and went on to win from him by 34 seconds. Frenchman Jacques Laffite finished third in a Ligier-Renault.

Lotus 98T
The Lotus 98T was a Formula One car designed by Gérard Ducarouge and Martin Ogilvie and built by Team Lotus for use in the 1986 Formula One World Championship. Development of the previous year's 97T, the car was driven by Brazilian Ayrton Senna, in his second year with the team, and Scottish newcomer Johnny Dumfries.
Steve Gallardo
Steve Michael Gallardo (born October 25, 1968) is an American politician from the state of Arizona. A member of the Democratic Party, Gallardo serves on the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors representing the 5th district. He previously served in the Arizona State Senate, representing the 13th district from 2011 through 2015 and in the Arizona House of Representatives from 2003 through 2009.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
Tandragee 100
The Tandragee 100 is a motorcycle race that occurs on the public roads which connect Tandragee and Markethill, near the village of Clare, in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. Spanning 5.3 miles, it is sometimes referred to by its organisers as the 'Mini TT'.

Markethill
Markethill is a village in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is beside Gosford Forest Park. It had a population of 1,647 people in the 2011 census. A livestock market is held here three times a week and each summer the world's largest Lambeg drumming contest takes place in the village.

Markethill is located by the A28 road around 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Armagh city, and 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Newry.
Bua Macuata West (Open Constituency, Fiji)
Bua Macuata West Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity).  Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. It was located in the western part of the northern island of Vanua Levu.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

Communal constituencies
Until the abolishment of communal constituencies in the Fijian electoral system in 2014, there was very little cross-ethnic voting in Fiji. In communal constituencies, electors enrolled as ethnic Fijians, Indo-Fijians, Rotuman Islanders, or General electors (Europeans, Chinese, Banaba Islanders, and others) vote for a candidate of their own respective ethnic groups, in constituencies that have been reserved by ethnicity. Other methods of choosing parliamentarians came and went, but this feature was a constant until their final abolition in the 2013 Constitution.
Track gauge in Italy
Historically, Italy had two unusual dominant track gauges which were legally defined depending on the terrain encountered. The gauge of 1,445 mm (4 ft 8+7⁄8 in) was used for the national Italian rail network and was very similar to the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge commonly used elsewhere in the world.

Since the 1930s, the 1,435 mm gauge has been adopted as the standard and gradually replaced the 1,445 mm track gauge. Thus, in Italy, only a few older tram systems, such as the Milanese tramway network, remain equipped with 1,445 mm.

The other popular gauge, a narrow gauge, was defined at 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in) and is very similar to the metre gauge – 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) – commonly used in many other parts of Europe and thus came to be known as "the Italian metre gauge".

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Mumtaz Mahal, Colombo
The Mumtaz Mahal is the former official residence of the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka, which now houses the National Defence College, Sri Lanka, located in Kollupitiya, a suburb of Colombo. Built in 1929, it was purchased in 1948 to serve as the official residence of the Speaker of the House of Representatives and served in that capacity till a new residence was built in 2000 in close proximity to the New Parliament Complex in Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte. Since then the house has been used by various government entities.

Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
The Speaker of the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the presiding officer of the chamber. The Speaker fulfills a number of important functions in relation to the operation of the House, which is based upon the British Westminster parliamentary system. The speaker is second in the Sri Lankan presidential line of succession, after the prime minister.
Byron Hanspard
Byron Courtnay Hanspard, Sr. (born January 23, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders, earning unanimous All-American honors and winning the Doak Walker Award as the nation's top college running back.  A second-round pick in the 1997 NFL draft, he played professionally for the NFL's Atlanta Falcons and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

Doak Walker Award
The Doak Walker Award honors the top running back in college football in the United States. Established in 1990, it is named in honor of Doak Walker, a former running back who played for the SMU Mustangs from 1945 to 1949 and in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions from 1950 to 1955. The player is selected by the award's National Selection Committee, which consists of notable sportswriters, television commentators, analysts, radio sports personalities and former All-America and NFL All-Pro football players. Recipients receive a bronze sculpture of Doak Walker, designed by artist Blair Buswell. The most recent winner of the award was Jeremiyah Love of Notre Dame.
Valoctocogene roxaparvovec
Valoctocogene roxaparvovec, sold under the brand name Roctavian, is a gene therapy used for the treatment of hemophilia A. It was developed by BioMarin Pharmaceutical. Valoctocogene roxaparvovec is made of a virus (AAV5) that has been modified to contain the gene for factor VIII, which is lacking in people with hemophilia A. It is an adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy. It is given by intravenous infusion.

The most common side effects include increased levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (signs of possible liver problems), increased levels of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (sign of possible tissue damage), nausea (feeling sick), and headache.

Valoctocogene roxaparvovec was approved for medical use in the European Union in August 2022, and in the United States in June 2023.

Alanine transaminase
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT or ALAT), formerly alanine transaminase (ALT), and even earlier referred to as serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2) that  was first characterized in the mid-1950s by Arthur Karmen and colleagues. ALT is found in plasma and in various body tissues but is most common in the liver. It catalyzes the two parts of the alanine cycle. Serum ALT level, serum AST (aspartate transaminase) level, and their ratio (AST/ALT ratio) are routinely measured clinically as biomarkers for liver health.

The half-life of ALT in the circulation approximates 47 hours. Aminotransferase is cleared by sinusoidal cells in the liver.
Little St Mary's, Cambridge
Little St Mary's or St Mary the Less is a Church of England parish church in Cambridge, England, on Trumpington Street between Pembroke College's Mill Lane Project development site and Peterhouse. The church is in the Diocese of Ely and follows the Anglo-Catholic or high-church tradition of the Church of England.  In addition to its main Sunday Mass, the church has a strong tradition of daily morning and evening prayer, regular weekday Communion and the keeping of church festivals.  The church has a particular ministry helping both men and women to explore possible vocations to the priesthood.  Little St Mary's has active overseas mission links, provides support to local mental health projects, and participates in Hope Cambridge's Churches Homeless Project.
The vicar is Canon Robert Mackley, who has been the incumbent since 2012.

Vicar (Anglicanism)
Vicar is a title given to certain parish priests in the Church of England and other Anglican churches. It has played a significant role in Anglican church organisation in ways that are different from other Christian denominations.

The title arises from the medieval arrangement where priests were appointed either by a secular lord, by a bishop or by a religious foundation. Historically, but no longer, vicars share a benefice with a rector (often non-resident) to whom the great tithes were paid. Vicar derives from the Latin vicarius meaning a substitute.

Historically, Anglican parish priests were divided into rectors, vicars and (rarely) perpetual curates. These were distinguished according to the way in which they were appointed and remunerated. The church was supported by tithes: taxes (traditionally of ten percent) levied on the personal and agricultural output of the parish.
The Face Thailand
The Face is a Thai reality television modelling competition series aired on Channel 3 In Thailand. Auditions for the show began on 23 August 2014. Aspiring contestants were required to be between the ages of 12 and 27, and meet a minimum height requirement of 170 cm (5 ft 7 in). The series began to air on television on 4 October 2014.

In 2017, they launched an international men version as The Face Men Thailand.

In 2018, they premiered The Face Thailand All Stars, where losing contestants from 3 previous seasons of The Face Thailand and The Face Men Thailand season 1 competed for a second chance to win the title. The season  premiered on 10 February 2018.

Channel 3 HD (Thailand)
Channel 3 HD (Thai: ช่อง 3 เอชดี; Thai: สถานีโทรทัศน์ไทยทีวีสีช่อง 3, lit. 'Thai Television Color Channel 3') is a Thailand and Bangkok's second commercial free-to-air television network that was launched on 26 March 1970 as Thailand and Bangkok's second commercial television station. Channel 3 is operated by BEC Multimedia Company Limited ("BECM"), a subsidiary of publicly traded company BEC World. The network is headquartered in the Maleenont Tower of Bangkok. Its slogan is คุ้มค่าทุกนาที ดูทีวีสีช่อง 3 ("Worth every minute, watch color television Channel 3").
Amedzofe (history)
In Ewe oral history, Amedzofe (Ewe: [amedzoɸɛ]), literally 'origin/home of humanity', is one of the names for Ketu. Ketu, in present-day Benin, was a central place in the history of the Gbe peoples. The Gbe peoples originally were closer to the Yoruba Oyo people of Nigeria, but they were pressed westward by a series of wars between the 10th and the 13th century. In Ketu, the ancestors of the Gbe-speaking peoples separated themselves from other refugees and began to establish their own identity.

Oyo, Oyo State
Oyo is a city in Oyo State, Nigeria. It was founded as the capital of the remnant of the historic Oyo empire in the 1830s, and is known to its people as 'New Oyo' (Ọ̀yọ́ Àtìbà) to distinguish it from the former capital to the north, 'Old Oyo' (Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé), which had been deserted as a result of the Yoruba Civil Wars. Its inhabitants are mostly of the Yoruba people, and its ruler is the Alaafin of Oyo.
Mayweather Promotions
Mayweather Promotions, LLC is an American boxing promotional firm founded in 2007 by Floyd Mayweather Jr., after exercising a provision in his contract with Bob Arum and Top Rank that allowed him to become a free agent for the price of $750,000. Al Haymon has been an advisor of Mayweather since then. Mayweather Promotions also promotes forms of live entertainment, including sporting events, live musical and theatrical events, and film and television productions. Mayweather Promotions mainly co-promotes with Golden Boy Promotions. Leonard Ellerbe is the current CEO.

Bob Arum
Robert Arum (born December 8, 1931) is an American lawyer and boxing promoter. He is the founder and CEO of Top Rank, a professional boxing promotion company based in Las Vegas. Prior to becoming a boxing promoter, Arum was employed as an attorney in the tax division of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
Tennessee State Route 56
State Route 56 (SR 56) is a 160.6-mile-long (258.5 km) state highway that runs south to north in Middle Tennessee, from the Alabama state line near Sherwood to the Kentucky state line near Red Boiling Springs.

SR 56 is secondary south of Sewanee. It is primary (but unsigned) along US 41A and US 41 between Sewanee and Tracy City. From Tracy City to the Kentucky line, SR 56 is a signed primary route (including at both ends of its concurrency with Interstate 40), except west from North Springs to Willette, where SR 151 carries primary traffic more directly to Red Boiling Springs.

Gainesboro, Tennessee
Gainesboro (/ˈɡeɪnzbʌrə/) is a town in and the county seat of Jackson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 920 at the 2020 census.

Gainesboro is part of the Cookeville, Tennessee Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Manam Virumbuthe Unnai
Manam Virumbuthe Unnai (transl. The heart prefers you) is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by M. Sivachandran. The film stars Prabhu, Meena, Karan and Rajiv Krishna. It was released on 17 December 1999.

Meena (actress)
Meena Durairaj (born 16 September 1976), known professionally as Meena, is an Indian actress who predominantly works in South Indian films as well as Hindi cinema. She is a classical dancer. Meena has acted in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, and Hindi films. She became one of the most sought after actresses in the South Indian film industry in the '90s. Meena is also a playback singer, TV show judge, and occasional dubbing artist. She has received numerous accolades, including two Filmfare Awards South, three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, two Nandi Awards and two Cinema Express Awards. In 1998, she was honoured with the Kalaimamani Award by Government of Tamil Nadu.
Babio
Babio in Latin is a 12th-century elegiac comedy  consisting of 484 lines of elegiac distichs, the author and origin are unknown. It imitates Roman comedy and is indebted to Ovid, Plautus and Terence. It is preserved in five manuscripts, four of them in England and one in Berlin (Babio).

It is written in dialogue form, suggesting that it may have been written as a drama. The main character, Babio, who is elderly and married, develops an unrequited passion for his step-daughter, Viola, who is already involved with a local lord, Croceus. Meanwhile, Babio's wife, Petula, is having a secret affair with a servant, Fodius. Much of the action is devoted to Babio's attempts to break up this affair (while still pursuing Viola) and the efforts of the pair to evade him.

Plautus
Titus Maccius Plautus (/ˈplɔːtəs/ PLAW-təs; c. 254 – 184 BC) was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period. His comedies are the earliest Latin literary works to have survived in their entirety. He wrote Palliata comoedia, the genre devised by Livius Andronicus, the innovator of Latin literature. The word Plautine /ˈplɔːtaɪn/ (PLAW-tyne) refers to both Plautus's own works and works similar to or influenced by his.
He influenced some of the greatest figures in literature, including Shakespeare and Molière (The Miser is partly modeled after Plautus's Aulularia).
Preliminary Notice
In Mechanics lien law a Preliminary Notice (also known as a Notice to Owner, Materialmens Notice to Owner, Notice of Furnishing, Contractor/Subcontractors Notice to Owner, and others) is a notice sent by the general contractor, subcontractor, materialmen, equipment lessors or other parties to a construction project not to create a Mechanics lien but rather to establish the right to file a Mechanics lien in the event of nonpayment. The distinction is important. If the Preliminary Notice is sent but the claimant's bill is paid, the Preliminary Notice has no further legal effect.  However, if the bill is not paid the claimant may now file a Mechanics lien on the owner's property.  Most states do not allow the filing of a Mechanics lien without claimants being able to prove they first sent a Preliminary Notice.

Subcontractor
A subcontractor is a person or business which undertakes to perform part or all of the obligations of another's contract, and a subcontract is a contract which assigns part of an existing contract to a subcontractor.

A general contractor, prime contractor or main contractor may hire subcontractors to perform specific tasks as part of an overall project to reduce costs or to mitigate project risks. In employing subcontractors, the general contractor hopes to receive the same or better service than the general contractor could have provided by itself, at lower overall risk.

The European Union has recognised the need to make provision for sub-contracting in its rules on public procurement, as arrangements for sub-contracting can support the EU's drive to involve more small and medium-sized undertakings in the provision of goods and services for the public sector.