hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zimmermann reagent
The Zimmermann reagent is used as a simple spot-test used in chromatography to presumptively identify alkaloids, especially benzodiazepines, as well as other compounds. It is therefore used in drugs testing.

It is a two-component reagent, with the first component composed of 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1% w/v) in methanol and the second component composed of 15% potassium hydroxide in water.

One drop of each component is added to the sample being tested and the resulting colour change is observed to give an indication of the identity of the compound.

The reagent works by forming a reddish-purple Meisenheimer complex at C3 for diazepines with a carbonyl at C2 and an alkyl group at N1.  Without these groups it is not possible to form the methylene compound which reacts with dinitrobenzene but triazolo compounds may react.

It is named for the American biochemist Robert Zimmermann (b.1937).

Meisenheimer complex
A Meisenheimer complex or Jackson–Meisenheimer complex in organic chemistry is a 1:1 reaction adduct between an arene carrying electron withdrawing groups and a nucleophile. These complexes are found as reactive intermediates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution but stable and isolated Meisenheimer salts are also known.
Pulau (film)
Pulau (English: Island) is a 2023 Malaysian Malay-language supernatural horror film directed by Euho. It stars Alif Satar, Amelia Henderson, Ikmal Amry, Sanjna Suri and Siew Pui Yi. Its story follows a group of friends who stay on a deserted island and awaken a vengeful spirit.

Supernatural horror film
Supernatural horror film is a film genre that combines aspects of supernatural film and horror film. Supernatural occurrences in such films often include ghosts and demons, and many supernatural horror films have elements of religion. Common themes in the genre are the afterlife, the devil, and demonic possession. Not all supernatural horror films focus on religion, and they can have "more vivid and gruesome violence".
Kyoto Marathon
The Kyoto Marathon (京都マラソン, Kyōto Marason) is an annual marathon sporting event for men and women over the classic distance of 42.195 kilometres which is held in mid February in Kyoto, Japan. The course starts at Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium and pass through Kyoto Botanical Gardens and the right bank of Kamo river and finishes near Heian Jingu. It was one of the top ten most expensive of the world's biggest marathons by entry cost in 2015.

An event with the same name was held from 1969 to 1982.

Heian Shrine
The Heian Shrine (平安神宮, Heian-jingū) is a Shinto shrine located in Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan. The Shrine is ranked as a Beppyō Jinja (別表神社) (the top rank for shrines) by the Association of Shinto Shrines. It is listed as an important cultural property of Japan.
2002 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 2002 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Governor Bill Graves, a Republican, was barred from seeking a third term by the Kansas Constitution. Kansas Insurance Commissioner Kathleen Sebelius, the Democratic nominee, ran against Kansas State Treasurer Tim Shallenburger, the Republican nominee, with Sebelius defeating Shallenburger to become the second female Governor of Kansas after Joan Finney who served as governor from 1991 to 1995.

Joan Finney
Joan Marie Finney (née McInroy; February 12, 1925 – July 28, 2001) was an American politician who served as the 42nd governor of Kansas from 1991 to 1995. Prior to her tenure as governor, Finney served four terms as the Kansas state treasurer from 1975 to 1991. Finney was the first woman to hold either office.
Om sanningen ska fram
"Om sanningen ska fram" (English: "If truth be told") is a song by Swedish musician, songwriter, music producer and DJ Eric Amarillo. The song was released on 6 May 2011 as a Digital download. The song reached number one on the Swedish Singles Chart.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Deaths of Simone Camilli and Ali Shehda Abu Afash
Simone Camilli and Ali Shehda Abu Afash (1979 - 13 August 2014) were journalists for the Associated Press who were killed by an Israeli bomb while reporting on the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict. Camilli, an Italian, and Abu Afash, a Palestinian,  had been reporting on a Palestinian bomb disposal team in Beit Lahiya, Gaza Strip as they dismantled an unexploded Israeli missile. The explosive was triggered, killing Camilli, Abu Afash, and 4 members of the bomb squad. Camilli became the first foreign journalist to die by an Israeli bomb in the 2014 conflict.

Bomb disposal
Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military fields of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and improvised explosive device disposal (IEDD), and the public safety roles of public safety bomb disposal (PSBD) and the bomb squad.
Stanley Walden
Stanley Walden (born December 2, 1932) is an American composer, musical performer, and professor of musical theater. He has written music for the theater (musicals, operas, ballets) in America and Europe, as well as for the concert stage (Philadelphia, Chicago, Cleveland and Louisville Orchestras; and chamber music for Carole Cowan, Jan DeGaetani, Reri Grist, Gilbert Kalish, Joel Krosnick, Robert Levin and many others). He has also been a clarinetist, actor and director. He is perhaps best known for writing music and lyrics of the revue Oh! Calcutta! He has also written a number of song cycles.

Gilbert Kalish
Gilbert Kalish (born July 2, 1935) is an American pianist. He is best known for championing the music of Charles Ives and other modernist composers. He is also noted for his partnerships with other artists, particularly his thirty-year collaboration with mezzo-soprano Jan DeGaetani, but also including cellists Timothy Eddy and Joel Krosnick, and soprano Dawn Upshaw.
Morgan Simmons
Morgan Fleet Simmons (May 21, 1924 - November 18, 1983) is a former Fijian cricketer. Simmons was a right-arm fast-medium bowler.

Simmons made his first-class debut for Fiji in 1954 against Otago during Fiji's 1953/54 tour of New Zealand. During the tour he played three further first-class matches, with his final first-class match for Fiji coming against Auckland.

In his 4 first-class matches for Fiji he scored 44 runs at a batting average of 14.66, with a high score of 16. With the ball he took 4 wickets at a bowling average of 76.00, with best figures of 1/42. In the field Simmons took a single catch.

Simmons also represented Fiji in 9 non first-class matches in their 1953/54 tour.

Fiji national cricket team
The Fiji national cricket team is the men's team that represents Fiji in international cricket. Fiji has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1965, although the team's history goes back to the late 19th century.

In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Fiji and other ICC members since 1 January 2019 have the T20I status.
RAF Tarrant Rushton
Royal Air Force Tarrant Rushton or more simply RAF Tarrant Rushton is a former Royal Air Force station near the village of Tarrant Rushton east of Blandford Forum in Dorset, England from 1943 to 1947.
It was used for glider operations during the Second World War and later revived for civilian operations. It is currently disused, though some buildings survive. Today it serves as a visual reference point (VRP) for VFR flights, in particular NW departures from Bournemouth Airport.

Blandford Forum
Blandford Forum (/ˈblænfərd/ BLAN-fərd) is a market town in Dorset, England, on the River Stour, 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Poole. It had a population of 10,355 at the 2021 census.

The town is notable for its Georgian architecture, the result of rebuilding after a major fire in 1731; it was assisted by an Act of Parliament and a donation by George II, to designs by local architects John and William Bastard.

The town's economy is based on a mix of the service sector and light industry. Blandford Camp, a military base, is on the hills 2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town. It is the base of the Royal Corps of Signals, the communications wing of the British Army, and the site of the Royal Signals Museum.
Secure telephone
A secure telephone is a telephone that provides voice security in the form of end-to-end encryption for the telephone call, and in some cases also the mutual authentication of the call parties, protecting them against a man-in-the-middle attack. Concerns about massive growth of telephone tapping incidents led to growing demand for secure telephones.

The practical availability of secure telephones is restricted by several factors; notably politics, export issues, incompatibility between different products (the devices on each side of the call have to use the same protocol), and high (though recently decreasing) price of the devices.

Phil Zimmermann
Philip R. Zimmermann (born 1954) is an American computer scientist and cryptographer. He is the creator of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), the most widely used email encryption software in the world. He is also known for his work in VoIP encryption protocols, notably ZRTP and Zfone. Zimmermann is co-founder and Chief Scientist of the global encrypted communications firm Silent Circle.
2014 Indian Super League playoffs
The 2014 Indian Super League Cup playoffs were the first edition of the playoffs series that takes place after the Indian Super League regular season. The tournament began on 13 December and culminated on 20 December, with the first ever ISL final.

Atlético de Kolkata became the inaugural champions after defeating the Kerala Blasters in the final, 1–0. The goal was scored by Mohammed Rafique in the last minute of stoppage time.

Indian Super League playoffs
The ISL Cup playoffs is the annual postseason elimination tournament of the Indian Super League (ISL). Unde the current format adopted for the 2022–23 season, six teams qualify based on their regular-season standings. The top two teams advance directly to the semi-finals, while the remaining four compete in single-leg eliminators. The winner of the final is awarded the ISL Cup. Until the 2021–22 Indian Super League season, the ISL Cup winners awarded the ISL championship title.

From the 2022–23 Indian Super League season onward, the regular-season League Shield Winners are awarded the championship title in the Indian Super League.
Gyōi
Gyōi (行意; c. 1177 - December 29, 1217) was a Japanese poet and Buddhist monk of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods.

He was the son of Fujiwara no Motofusa, and was known as the high priest of Yamashina (山科僧正, Yamashina Sōjō).

He was one of the New Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry, and many of his poems appear in imperial poetry collections such as the Shinchokusen Wakashū, Shokushūi Wakashū, Shingosen Wakashū, and Shokusenzai Wakashū.

Shingosen Wakashū
The Shingosen Wakashū (新後撰和歌集, "New Later Collection of Waka"), often abbreviated as Shingosenshū, is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka poetry. The title is in opposition to the previous Gosen Wakashū. It was completed in 1303, two years after the Retired Emperor Go-Uda first ordered. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Tameyo and consists of twenty volumes containing 1,606 poems.
Malykan
Malykhan (Russian: Малыкан; Yakut: Маалыкаан, Maalıkaan) is a rural locality (a selo), one of three settlements, in addition to Sanyyakhtakh, Alexeyevka and Markha, in Sanyyakhtakhsky Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 277 kilometers (172 mi) from Olyokminsk, the administrative center of the district and 42 kilometers (26 mi) from Daban. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 132.

Olyokminsky District
Olyokminsky District (Russian: Олёкминский улу́с; Yakut: Өлүөхүмэ улууһа, Ölüöxüme uluuha) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders with Verkhnevilyuysky  District in the north, Gorny and Khangalassky Districts in the northeast, Aldansky District in the east, Neryungrinsky District in the southeast, Zabaykalsky Krai in the southwest, Irkutsk Oblast and Lensky District in the west, and with Suntarsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 160,800 square kilometers (62,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Olyokminsk. Population: 26,785 (2010 Census); 27,563 (2002 Census); 30,938 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Olyokminsk accounts for 35.4% of the district's total population.
Tulana
Tulana also known as Tulanensis was a civitas (town) of the province of Africa Proconsularis during the Roman Empire.

Very little is known of the town. Its location is now lost and the town is recorded only through the Notitia of Africa and the records of various Church Council. We know of a bishop of the town called Paul in the early 5th century and another named Pascasius who was exiled by the Vandal king Huneric in 484 AD.
The ancient bishopric survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church and Otacilio Ferreira de Lacerda is the current bishop replacing Heinrich Timmerevers, in 2016.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
Gumerovo, Kushnarenkovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Gumerovo (Russian: Гумерово; Bashkir: Ғүмәр, Ğümär) is a rural locality (a village) in Gorkovsky Selsoviet, Kushnarenkovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 184 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Kushnarenkovsky District
Kushnarenkovsky District (Russian: Кушнаре́нковский райо́н; Bashkir: Кушнарен районы or Кушнаренко районы, Kuşnaren(ko) rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northern central part of the republic and borders with Birsky District in the north, Blagoveshchensky District in the northeast and east, Ufimsky District in the east and southeast, Chishminsky District in the south, Blagovarsky District in the south and southwest, Chekmagushevsky District in the west, and with Dyurtyulinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,717.77 square kilometers (663.23 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kushnarenkovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,491, with the population of Kushnarenkovo accounting for 35.9% of that number.
2014 Düsseldorf Open – Doubles
Andre Begemann and Martin Emmrich were the defending champions, but Begemann chose not to participate this year. Emmrich played alongside Christopher Kas, but lost in the final to Santiago González and Scott Lipsky, 5–7, 6–4, [3–10].

Andre Begemann
Andre Begemann (born 12 July 1984) is a German inactive professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist who reached his career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 36, achieved in May 2015. He has a career-high singles ranking of No. 166, achieved in July 2010. Begemann has won four ATP Tour doubles titles.
Nathaniel Higinbotham
Nathaniel Higinbotham (1830 – January 9, 1911) was a Canadian pharmacist and political figure. He represented Wellington North in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1878 as a Liberal member.

He was born in County Cavan, Ireland and came to Canada in 1846, establishing himself as a chemist and druggist at Guelph. He served on the town council for Guelph, also serving as town mayor. He was a lieutenant-colonel for the local militia and served during the Fenian raids. Higinbotham was defeated by George Alexander Drew for the federal seat in 1878. He later served as registrar for Wellington County.

In 1862, he married Margaret Allan. Higinbotham died in Guelph at the age of 81.

County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.
A Dozen Roses – Greatest Hits
A Dozen Roses – Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American country rock group The Desert Rose Band. It was released January 4, 1991, via MCA/Curb. The album peaked at number 44 on the Top Country Albums chart.

Country rock
Country rock is a music genre that fuses rock and country. It was developed by rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records and country musicians who implemented rock flavor into country records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded records blending rock with country themes, vocal styles, and additional instrumentation, most characteristically pedal steel guitars. Country rock began in the late 60s with artists like the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, International Submarine Band, The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Byrds, Bob Dylan, Bob Seger and Poco, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Eagles, Grateful Dead, Gram Parsons and New Riders of the Purple Sage. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres, including The Band, the Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work, as well as playing a part in the development of Southern rock.
Lisette Model
Lisette Model (born Elise Amelie Felicie Stern; November 10, 1901 – March 30, 1983) was an Austrian-born American photographer primarily known for the frank humanism of her street photography.

A prolific photographer in the 1940s and a member of the New-York cooperative Photo League, she was published in PM's Weekly, Harper's Bazaar, and US Camera before taking up teaching in 1949 through the intermediary of Ansel Adams. She continued to photograph and taught at the New School for Social Research in New York from 1951 until her death in 1983 with many notable students, the most famous of whom was Diane Arbus. Her work has been shown in numerous exhibitions and resides in several permanent collections, including that of the National Gallery of Canada, the J. Paul Getty Museum, and the National Portrait Gallery.

National Portrait Gallery (United States)
The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 1962 and opened in 1968, it is part of the Smithsonian Institution. Its collections focus on images of American artists, politicians, scientists, inventors, activists, and performers who have contributed to the nation's history, development, and culture. Along with the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the museum is housed in the historic Old Patent Office Building.
Tristan of Montepeloso
Tristan (born before 1020) was the first lord of Montepeloso from 1042. Unlike his fellow Norman mercenaries, Tristan was a Breton. He was one of the twelve leading barons of the Hauteville following as indicated by his inclusion in the partition which divided the conquered regions of Apulia.

Tristan probably arrived in the Mediterranean around 1030. He took part in the Sicilian campaign of George Maniaches of 1038. In 1042, William Iron Arm was elected count of the Normans and the division was made. Montepeloso was his capital and he received the region of Potenza. He married a sister of William and undersigned two diplomas of William's brother and successor Drogo as Tristainus cognatus comitis: "Tristan, relative of the count."

It is possible that he is the Tristan recorded as the founder of the Deliceto, near Foggia, in 1073.

Irsina
Irsina, until 1895 called Montepeloso (in local dialect: Montepelòse or Mondepelòse), is a town, comune (municipality) and former Latin bishopric in the province of Matera, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
The Real Life (album)
The Real Life is the first major label studio album by Bread of Stone. DREAM Records released the album on September 24, 2013. Bread of Stone worked with Lynn Nichols and Tedd T., in the production of this album.

Tedd T.
Tedd T., born Tedd Andrew Tjornhom (CHURN-home), is a music producer, songwriter, arranger, programmer, and engineer. He launched the independent record label Teleprompt Records in 2003 as a joint venture with Word/Warner Music Group. His interest in the music industry began when he was in his teens and growing up in Minneapolis, Minnesota. His early work with Dez Dickerson (an early member of Prince's band "The Revolution") served as an introduction to the influential Minneapolis scene and later led him to move to Nashville.
Stowmarket High School
Stowmarket High School is a co-educational secondary school located in Stowmarket, Suffolk in England. It was at one time known as Stowmarket Grammar School.

The school accommodates 855 students from school years 7 to 11.

Previously a community school administered by Suffolk County Council, in September 2018 Stowmarket High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Kingfisher Schools Trust (Previously known as Waveney Valley Academies Trust). The school no longer has a sixth-form as of the 2020-2021 academic year.

Community school (England and Wales)
A community school in England and Wales is a type of state-funded school in which the local education authority employs the school's staff, is responsible for the school's admissions and owns the school's estate. The formal use of this name to describe a school derives from the School Standards and Framework Act 1998.
PEN/Edward and Lily Tuck Award for Paraguayan Literature
The PEN/Edward and Lily Tuck Award for Paraguayan Literature is awarded by the PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) to honor an author of a major work of Paraguayan literature and the English translator. The award was established by author Lily Tuck to assist with the translation of Paraguayan literature from Spanish or Guarani into English.  Tuck won a National Book Award in 2004 for The News from Paraguay, which was set in 19th century Paraguay. Michael Orthofer of complete review called it "my new favorite American literary award," for its coverage of an overlooked area of world literature.

Candidates are nominated by Paraguayan publishers.

The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN in over 145 PEN centers around the world. The PEN American Center awards have been characterized as being among the "major" American literary prizes.

Lily Tuck
Lily Tuck (born October 10, 1938) is an American novelist and short story writer whose novel The News from Paraguay won the 2004 National Book Award for Fiction. Her 2008 biography Woman of Rome: A Life of Elsa Morante won the Premio Elsa Morante.
Her novel Siam was nominated for the 2000 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. She is a Guggenheim Fellow.

She has published five other novels, two collections of short stories, as well as her biography of Italian novelist Elsa Morante.