hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Killing of Ruth Williams
On 28 March 2020, 67-year-old Ruth Williams was strangled to death by her 70-year-old husband Anthony Williams in Cwmbran, Wales. In February 2021, he pleaded guilty to manslaughter on the ground of diminished responsibility, and was acquitted of murder. His defence argued that he acted due to his mental state, which had been worsened due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The lesser charge, and the sentence of five years' imprisonment, was criticised by politicians and anti-domestic abuse activists.

The killing is considered the first act of fatal violence related to the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom.

COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom
A series of stay-at-home orders were introduced by the UK and devolved governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
On 23 March 2020, Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced a nationwide lockdown to curb the widening outbreak of COVID-19. This involved closing many sectors and ordering the public to stay at home. It was an extension of the previous advice to avoid all non-essential contact, which was issued on 16 March 2020. This was incrementally lifted, starting from several weeks later. Similar restrictions were introduced in late 2020 and early 2021 as infections rose. Restrictions applied to certain areas, and then on a larger scale, differing between the four countries of the United Kingdom to which Health is devolved, with the central government being responsible for England.
André Flahaut
André M. J. Gh. Flahaut (born 18 August 1955) is a Belgian politician, then in the province of Brabant and now in the province of Walloon Brabant. Flahaut studied political sciences and public administration at the Université libre de Bruxelles.

Université libre de Bruxelles
The Université libre de Bruxelles (French, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite libʁ də bʁysɛl]; lit. Free University of Brussels; abbreviated ULB) is a French- and English-speaking research university in Brussels, Belgium. It has three campuses: the Solbosch/Solbos campus (in the City of Brussels and Ixelles), the La Plaine/Het Plein campus (in Ixelles) and the Erasme/Erasmus campus (in Anderlecht).

The Université libre de Bruxelles was formed in 1969 by the splitting of the Free University of Brussels, which was founded in 1834 by the lawyer and liberal politician Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen. The founder aimed to establish a university independent from state and church, where academic freedom would prevail. This is still reflected in the university's motto Scientia vincere tenebras, or "Conquering darkness through science".

In 2012, the ULB had about 24,200 students, a diverse student population as well as a diverse staff.
Joan Jonas
Joan Jonas (born July 13, 1936) is an American visual artist and a pioneer of video and performance art, "a central figure in the performance art movement of the late 1960s". Jonas' projects and experiments were influential in the creation of video performance art as a medium. Her influences also extended to conceptual art, theatre, performance art and other visual media. She lives and works in New York and Nova Scotia, Canada.

Documenta
Documenta (often stylized documenta) is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany.

documenta was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time. It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism. This first documenta featured many European artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent editions of the event feature artists based across the world, but much of the art is site-specific.

Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days". documenta is not a selling exhibition.
Copibryophila
Copibryophila is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Copibryophila angelica, is found in the US state of California. Both the genus and species were first described by John Bernhardt Smith in 1900.

John Bernhardt Smith
John Bernhardt Smith (November 21, 1858 – March 12, 1912) was an American professor of entomology who specialized in systematics and economic entomology while also serving as the State Entomologist of New Jersey. Smith is remembered in insect taxonomy for the conflict that he had with Harrison Dyar.
Shivering Timbers
Shivering Timbers is a wooden roller coaster located at Michigan's Adventure in Muskegon County, Michigan. It was developed and built by Custom Coasters International. Opened in May 1998, Shivering Timbers debuted for the park's 32nd year in operation and was a success. Construction for the ride began in 1997. The trains were made by Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters. The ride's out and back layout is 5,383 feet (1,641 m) long, making it the fourth-longest wooden roller coaster in the world. The ride has been re-tracked by Martin & Vleminckx and Great Coasters International. Shivering Timbers is the tallest and fastest roller coaster in Michigan.

Great Coasters International
Great Coasters International, Inc. (GCI or GCII) is a Sunbury, Pennsylvania-based roller coaster manufacturer which has created several award-winning rides since its formation in 1994. Starting in 2006 with Thunderbird at PowerPark in Finland, the company expanded beyond the United States and began building coasters in Europe and Asia. Günter Engelhardt GmbH handles the company's marketing rights in Europe. In addition to building new roller coasters, GCI also refurbishes and re-tracks existing roller coasters, regardless of manufacturer.

Since its founding in 2014, American company Skyline Attractions has provided its design and engineering services to GCI and now designs and engineers all of GCI's roller coasters. The coasters are known for their often curved drops, twisted layouts, and perception of high speed. Exciting elements such as the station fly-by and station fly-through have been incorporated in many of their layouts.
Puente del Inca
Puente del Inca (English "Bridge of the Inca") is a natural arch that forms a bridge over the Las Cuevas River, a tributary of the Mendoza River. It is located near the small village of Puente del Inca, in Las Heras Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina. The nearby hot springs are also named Puente del Inca.

While Puente del Inca has shown signs of deterioration, it remains stable under its weight under present conditions. Factors of safety ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 have been estimated for the arch.

Las Heras Department
Las Heras is a  department located in the north west of Mendoza Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 183,000 inhabitants in an area of  8,955 km2 (3,458 sq mi), and its capital city is Las Heras, which is located around 1,095 km (680 mi) from the Capital federal.  The province's international airport, Governor Francisco Gabrielli International Airport is located within this subdivision.
Peter Baldwin (footballer)
Peter Baldwin (born 24 August 1968) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Baldwin, originally from Finley, went to Assumption College. A wingman, Baldwin made two appearances late in the 1987 VFL season, then struggled with injuries, before returning to the seniors in 1990 and playing in the opening three rounds.

He went to North Melbourne in the 1991 Pre-Season Draft, but didn't play a league game for the club.

1990 AFL draft
The 1990 AFL draft was the fifth annual draft of Australian rules footballers to the 14 clubs in the Australian Football League.  It consisted of the national draft held at the end of the 1990 season, the pre-season draft held before the 1991 AFL season, and a mid-season draft.

Clubs receive picks based on the reverse of the position in which they finish on the ladder during the season.  This was introduced as an equalisation strategy in response to the increasing transfer fees and player salaries.
Rich Bernward Gospels
The Rich Bernward Gospels (German: Kostbares Bernwardevangeliar) are a richly decorated evangeliary in the Hildesheim Cathedral Museum. It was a donation of Bernward, Bishop of Hildesheim, to his foundation St. Michael's, specifically for the altar to Mary in the crypt below the west choir, which was consecrated in 1015 and which he had designated as his tomb.

St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim
The Church of St. Michael (German: Michaeliskirche) is an early-Romanesque church located in Hildesheim, Germany. It has been on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list since 1985 due to the before mentioned early-Romanesque architecture and art found within such as the Tree of Jesse and the now relocated Bernward Doors.

Following the Protestant reformation, St. Michael's became a shared church, with the majority of the structure being Lutheran and the crypt Roman Catholic.
Free Basket
Free Basket is a public artwork by the Cuban artist group Los Carpinteros, located in the Virginia B. Fairbanks Art & Nature Park in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The artwork is in the form of an international basketball court with twenty-four red or blue steel arches that travel throughout the court, mimicking the trajectory of two bouncing basketballs. Two of the arches terminate with their own regulation size basketball hoop, netting, and backboard.

Los Carpinteros
Los Carpinteros is a Cuban artist collective founded in Havana in 1992 by Marco Antonio Castillo Valdes, Dagoberto Rodriguez Sanchez, and Alexandre Arrechea (who left the group in 2003). In 1994 they decided "to renounce the notion of individual authorship and refer back to an older guild tradition of artisans and skilled laborers” in an attempt to emphasize their belief that art always, to some extent, involves collaboration. Both Valdes and Sanchez were born in Cuba and live and work between Havana and Madrid. They have exhibited in Cuba, Europe and North America, and have received a number of awards.
Brouria Feldman-Muhsam
Brouria Feldman-Muhsam (Hebrew: ברוריה פלדמן-מוחזם; 18 December 1916 – 2008) was an Israeli medical entomologist and parasitologist known for her pioneering work with mites and ticks.  After earning her Teaching Certificate at Levinsky College of Education in Tel-Aviv in 1935, Feldman-Muhsam enrolled in the University of Geneva in Switzerland and completed her licence ès sciences in biology there in 1937, qualifying her for doctoral studies. She returned to Mandate Palestine in 1937 and earned her Doctor of Philosophy degree in Medical Entomology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, graduating in 1942.

Parasitology
Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology.
Richard Spitalny
Richard Spitalny is an American film producer and the founder of First Star Software.

He co-produced Rhinestone, starring Dolly Parton and Sylvester Stallone, for 20th Century Fox as well as other films, prior to 1982.

As the president of First Star Software, he was responsible for the sale of part of the company to Warner Software (a Warner Communications Company) in 1983. Although Warner no longer maintains ownership equity, the companies continue to work together in the exploitation of the three Spy vs. Spy computer games created by First Star based on Mad‘s Spy vs. Spy characters. Spitalny was also responsible for the acquisition of Boulder Dash and continues to oversee all production, distribution, marketing and/or licensing of games based on this intellectual property throughout the world.

Spy vs. Spy (1984 video game)
Spy vs. Spy is a video game written by Michael Riedel for the Commodore 64 and published by First Star Software in 1984. A port for the Atari 8-bit computers was released simultaneously. It is a two-player, split-screen game, based on Mad magazine's long-running cartoon strip Spy vs. Spy, about the slapstick antics of two spies trying to kill each other with improbably elaborate traps and weapons.

It was ported to the Apple II, ZX Spectrum, Acorn Electron, Atari ST, BBC Micro, Commodore 16, Amstrad CPC, Amiga, Master System, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Nintendo Entertainment System. A 3D remake/remaster of the same name was released for the Xbox and PlayStation 2 in 2005.
Villeurbanne
Villeurbanne (French pronunciation: [vilœʁban] ⓘ; Arpitan: Velorbana) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.

It is situated northeast of Lyon, with which it forms the heart of the second-largest metropolitan area in France after that of Paris. Villeurbanne is the second-largest commune in the metropolitan area of Lyon and the 20th most populated in France, and the most populous commune that is neither a prefecture nor a sub-prefecture. In 2013, Villeurbanne was elected the city with the best administration of France, which attracts more and more people.

Metropolis of Lyon
The Metropolis of Lyon (French: Métropole de Lyon, pronounced [metʁɔpɔl də ljɔ̃] ⓘ), also known as Grand Lyon ([ɡʁɑ̃ ljɔ̃], 'Greater Lyon'), is a French territorial collectivity in the east-central region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is a directly-elected metropolitan authority, encompassing both the city of Lyon, and most of its suburbs. It has jurisdiction both as a department, and as a metropolis, which excludes its territory from direct responsibility to the French government department of Rhône. It had a population of 1,436,354 in 2023, 36.1% of whom lived in the city of Lyon proper.

It replaced the Urban Community of Lyon on 1 January 2015, in accordance with the MAPAM law (fr) enacted in January 2014. The first direct metropolitan elections were held in March (1st round) and June (2nd round) 2020, leading to a victory by The Ecologists. The president of the metropolitan council has been Green Party leader Bruno Bernard, since July 2020.
The Jades (Irish band)
The Jades, formerly known as Jade, are an Irish all-female rock group from Kilmuckridge, County Wexford, Ireland. The Jades' line-up consists of sisters Sheila and Yvonne on lead vocals, guitar, and drums respectively, with friend Elaine on guitar and backing vocals.

County Wexford
County Wexford (Irish: Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella (Uí Ceinnsealaigh), whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 163,527 at the 2022 census.
Nowata County, Oklahoma
Nowata County is a county located in northeastern Oklahoma, United States, on the Kansas border. As of the 2020 census, its population is 9,320. Its county seat is Nowata. Their name is derived from a Delaware word, no-we-ata, meaning "come here" or "welcome".

Verdigris River
The Verdigris River /ˈvɜːrdɪɡrɪs/ is a tributary of the Arkansas River in southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma in the United States.  It is about 310 miles (500 km) long.  Via the Arkansas, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.
Jonathan Sullivan
Jonathan Sullivan (Chinese:  蘇立文) is a British political scientist and Sinologist who researches political communications in China, Taiwan and other East Asian contexts, China's Internet and cyber-nationalism, studies of the Confucius Institutes, and China's politics of celebrity culture, hip hop and football.

Sullivan is Head of China Programmes at the Asia Research Institute (ARI) and associate professor in Politics and international relations at the University of Nottingham. Sullivan is an editor of The Asia Dialogue, the online journal of the ARI. He is a co-founder of the China Soccer Observatory (CSO) with Simon Chadwick and a member of The China Quarterly Executive Committee.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
D. K. Onwenu
Dickson Kanu Onwenu was a Nigerian teacher and politician who represented Port Harcourt at the Federal House of Representatives from 1954 until his death in 1956. He is the father of singer Onyeka Onwenu.

Onwenu was acting principal of Enitonia High School, Port Harcourt. He was a member of Igbo State Union and was secretary of the Port Harcourt branch of the union. An NCNC party member and later town councillor, he was an appointed member of the Port Harcourt Caretaker Committee in 1954, after dissolution of the Port Harcourt Town Council.

National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons
The National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) (later changed to the National Convention of Nigerian Citizens), was a Nigerian nationalist political party from 1944 to 1966, during the period leading up to independence and immediately following independence.
Emeka Obioma
Emeka Obioma Listenⓘ is a Nigerian politician. He currently serves as the Chief Whip of the Abia State House of Assembly representing Umuahia South State Constituency. He was elected into office on 29 May 2023.

Emeka Obioma is a member of Labour Party.

Umuahia South
Umuahia South listenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is at Apumiri in Ubakala.towns include apumiri,ezeleke,ekenobizi etc

It has an area of 140 km2 and a population of 138,570 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 440.
Pasinato
Pasinato is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giancarlo Pasinato (born 1956), Italian footballer and manager

Mateus Pasinato (born 1992), Brazilian footballer

Michele Pasinato (1969–2021), Italian volleyball player

Michele Pasinato
Michele Pasinato (13 March 1969 – 8 April 2021) was an Italian volleyball player who earned a total number of 256 caps for the Italian men's national volleyball team in the 1990s. Nicknamed "Paso" and "Micky", he was on the side that won the title at the 1998 World Championships in Japan.
Lui Pao Chuen
Lui Pao Chuen DUBC is a Singaporean professor and former chief defence scientist who is presently the President at the Singapore Institute of Purchasing and Materials Management (SIPMM) and has had roles as Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Singapore Space and Technology Association (SSTA); Advisor at the Ministry of National Development (MND); Senate Member at the Management Development Institute of Singapore (MDIS); Founding Board of Trustees Member of the Singapore University Technology and Design (SUTD) and Advisor of the National Research Foundation at the Prime Minister's Office (Singapore).

Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent
The Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent (MDIST) is one of the first international university branches to open in Uzbekistan. It was established to meet the high demand for professionals in various fields. MDIS serves students of Uzbekistan and other CIS countries. It has trained more than 4,500 graduates.
Professional Model
Professional Model is an oil on canvas painting by Amrita Sher-Gil. It was created in 1933 in Paris and depicts a nude consumptive. Its vernissage took place in February 1933, the same year that her painting Young Girls earned her the title of associate member of the Paris Salon.

The painting was number 16 of 33 of Sher-Gil's works displayed at her solo exhibition at Faletti's Hotel in Lahore, British India, held from 21 to 27 November 1937. There, it was not for sale.

Vernissage
A vernissage (from French, originally meaning "varnishing") is a preview of an art exhibition, which may be private, before the formal  opening. If the vernissage is not open to the public, but only to invited guests, it is often called a private view.
Civilians (Joe Henry album)
Civilians is the eleventh studio album by Joe Henry, released on August 18, 2007. It was his first album of new material since his 2003 album Tiny Voices. Henry recorded the album at The Garfield House in South Pasadena, California between January 9–12 and February 22, 2007. The album also includes guest musicians Loudon Wainwright III, Bill Frisell, Greg Leisz, and Van Dyke Parks.

The photograph on the album's cover is by John Cohen and shows visual artist Mary Frank (spouse of Robert Frank), circa 1960. The back cover's photograph features artist Red Grooms crossing Third Avenue in 1960.

Robert Frank
Robert Frank (Swiss Standard German: [fraŋk]; November 9, 1924 – September 9, 2019) was a Swiss American photographer and documentary filmmaker. His most notable work, the 1958 book titled The Americans, earned Frank comparisons to a modern-day de Tocqueville for his fresh and nuanced outsider's view of American society. Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in The Guardian in 2014, said The Americans "changed the nature of photography, what it could say and how it could say it. [ ... ] it remains perhaps the most influential photography book of the 20th century." Frank later expanded into film and video and experimented with manipulating photographs and photomontage.
Krunić
Krunić (Serbian Cyrillic: Крунић) is a Serbo-Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandra Krunić (born 1993), Serbian tennis player

Boško Krunić (1929 – 2017), Yugoslavian Communist political figure

Branislav Krunić (born 1979), former Bosnian Serb football player

Predrag Krunić (born 1967), Bosnia and Herzegovina professional basketball coach

Rade Krunić (born 1993), Bosnian footballer

Simo Krunić (born 1967), Serbian football manager and former player

Uroš Krunić (born 1994), Serbian footballer

Branislav Krunić
Branislav Krunić (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранислав Крунић; born 28 January 1979) is a Bosnian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of the Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national team.
Protoporphyrin IX
Protoporphyrin IX is an organic compound, classified as a porphyrin, that plays an important role in living organisms as a precursor to other critical compounds like heme (hemoglobin) and chlorophyll. It is a deeply colored solid that is not soluble in water. The name is often abbreviated as PPIX.

Protoporphyrin IX contains a porphine core, a tetrapyrrole macrocycle with a marked aromatic character. Protoporphyrin IX is essentially planar, except for the N-H bonds that are bent out of the plane of the rings, in opposite (trans) directions.

Tetrapyrrole
Tetrapyrroles are a class of chemical compounds that contain four pyrrole or pyrrole-like rings.  The pyrrole/pyrrole derivatives are linked by (=CH− or −CH2− units), in either a linear or a cyclic fashion.  Pyrroles are a five-atom ring with four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom.  Tetrapyrroles are common cofactors in biochemistry and their biosynthesis and degradation feature prominently in the chemistry of life.

Some tetrapyrroles form the active core of compounds with crucial biochemical roles in living systems, such as hemoglobin and chlorophyll. In these two molecules, in particular, the pyrrole macrocycle ring frames a metal atom, that forms a coordination compound with the pyrroles and plays a central role in the biochemical function of those molecules.