hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur H. Butler
Arthur Howard Butler (July 17, 1903 – April 24, 1972) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of major general. A veteran of World War II, he distinguished himself as commanding officer, 21st Marine Regiment during the Recapture of Guam in July 1944 and was decorated with the Navy Cross, one of the United States military's second-highest decorations awarded for valor in combat.

3rd Marine Division
The 3rd Marine Division is a division of the United States Marine Corps based at Camp Courtney, Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler in Okinawa, Japan.  It is one of three active duty infantry divisions in the Marine Corps and together with the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1stMAW) and the 3rd Marine Logistics Group (3rd MLG) forms the III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF).  The division was first formed during World War II and saw four years of continuous combat in the Vietnam War. Today, elements of the 3rd Marine Division are continuously forward deployed and forward postured to carry out the US Government's mission of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific in conjunction with its sister services.
Old Collin County Courthouse
The Old Collin County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located in the historic downtown McKinney, Texas. It was built in 1876 in the Second Empire style before being renovated in 1927 in the Neoclassical style. The courthouse continued to be used until 1979 when it was closed due to the completion of a new 6 story courthouse. In 1982, the courthouse was designated as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and in 2006, it was remodeled and reopened as the McKinney Performing Arts Center. As of 2025, the Old Collin County Courthouse has an approved master plan for full restoration from the Texas Historic Courthouse Preservation Program as part of the Texas Historical Commission

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Jaririya
Jaririya is a Sufi order, one of the largest Sufi orders in North Sinai. The Jaririya order is named for its founder, Sheikh Eid Abu Jarir, who was a member of the Sawarka tribe and the Jarira clan, and established the order in Sinai in the 1940s. The Jarira clan resides in the vicinity of Bir al-Abed.

It has 130 affiliated mosques in Egypt today.

In reaction to the Sinai Province group's threats, the Jaririya order had decided to rebuild its maqam shrines without domes.

The Jaririya order is lineally descended from the Alawi-Ahmadi, Alawiyya, Darqawa, and Shadhili branches.

Ahmad al-Alawi
Ahmad al-Alawi (1869 – 14 July 1934), in full Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAlīwa, known as al-ʿAlāwī al-Mustaghānimī (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد بن مصطفى بن عليوة المعروف بالعلاوي المستغانمي), was an Algerian Sufi Sheikh who founded his own Sufi order, called the Alawiyya.
Húnabyggð
Húnabyggð (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhuːnaˌpɪɣθ]) is a municipality in the north of Iceland, which was formed with the merger of Blönduós and Húnavatnshreppur. A vote was held in February 2022 where 97.8% of Blönduós inhabitants and 62.3% of Húnavatnshreppur inhabitants voted in favour of the merge. The merger was finalized in the municipality elections in March 2022.

Húnabyggð is among the largest municipalities of Iceland in terms of area and reaches from Húnaflói (Húna Bay), on which Blönduós is situated, to the interior, in which Langjökull and Hofsjökull are situated. Blönduvirkjun hydropower plant is situated in the municipality.

In June 2024, 90% of Húnabyggð voters and 75% of Skagabyggð voters approved a merger wherein the two municipalities would combine into a larger municipality, also known as Húnabyggð. The merger took effect in August 2024. This effectively extended Húnabyggð's area farther northward along Húnaflói.

Langjökull
Langjökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlauŋkˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, Icelandic for "long glacier") is the second largest ice cap in Iceland (870 km2 (340 sq mi)), after Vatnajökull. It is situated in the west of the Icelandic interior or Highlands of Iceland and can be seen clearly from Haukadalur. It covers the higher parts of the Langjökull volcanic system.

Its volume is 195 km3 (47 cu mi) and the ice is up to 580 m (1,900 ft) thick. The highest point of the ice cap (at Baldjökull [ˈpaltˌjœːkʏtl̥] at the northern end of Langjökull) is about 1,450 m (4,760 ft) above sea level.

In the past, the largest recorded surface area was in 1840.
Elsinoë australis
Elsinoë australis is a fungal plant pathogen that causes sweet orange scab (SOS). The disease only attacks the fruit of citrus trees, causing the formation of pustules and lesions on the skin of the fruit. The spores of the fungus are spread from tree to tree by rain splash. It can be controlled by the use of various fungicides including strobulins and thiophanate methyl.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
2014 Brisbane International – Men's singles
Andy Murray was the two-time defending champion, but decided to participate in Doha instead. 
Lleyton Hewitt won the title, defeating Roger Federer in the final in their 27th and last meeting, 6–1, 4–6, 6–3.

Ryan Harrison
Ryan Harrison (born May 7, 1992) is an American former professional tennis player. Harrison won one career ATP title in singles at the 2017 Memphis Open to go along with four in doubles, including the 2017 French Open.

Before turning 16, Harrison was regarded as a prodigy after cracking the top 10 in the junior rankings and becoming one of the youngest players ever to win an ATP match. Although he broke through onto the ATP level by the age of 20, Harrison then fell out of the top 100 for several years. He would return to the top 100 in 2016 after a strong second half of the season that included multiple wins over opponents ranked in the top 20 and his first career appearance in the round of 32 at a Grand Slam. Harrison built on that momentum in 2017 to reach a top-40 career-high ranking in singles after winning his first career ATP title.
1944 Appalachians tornado outbreak
The 1944 Appalachians tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that hit the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States on June 22–23, 1944. The outbreak produced several strong tornadoes in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Maryland—areas that were falsely believed to be immune to tornadoes. Particularly hard hit was the town of Shinnston in Harrison County, West Virginia, which was destroyed by a violent F4 tornado before 9:00 PM EDT on June 23. A total of 30 people died at Shinnston and at least 104 were killed in the state of West Virginia by this and two other intense tornadoes. The outbreak itself was and still remains the deadliest tornado outbreak ever to hit the state of West Virginia. The Shinnston tornado was and is the only tornado to produce violent damage in West Virginia.

Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; /fuˈdʒiːtə/), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale, named for the meteorologist Ted Fujita, was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
Velyka Krucha
Velyka Krucha is a village in Lubny Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Pyriatyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It was home to a military air base.

Until 18 July 2020, Velyka Krucha belonged to Pyriatyn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Poltava Oblast to four. The area of Pyriatyn Raion was merged into Lubny Raion.

Pyriatyn Raion
Pyriatyn Raion (Ukrainian: Пирятинський район) was a raion (district) in Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. The raion's administrative center was the city of Pyriatyn. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Lubny Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Poltava Oblast to four. The last estimate of the raion population was 30,195 (2020 est.).
William Thaw II
Lieutenant Colonel William Thaw II ((1893-08-12)12 August 1893 – (1934-04-22)22 April 1934) was an American combat aviator who served in World War I and became a flying ace. Credited with five confirmed and two unconfirmed aerial victories, he is believed to be the first American to engage in aerial combat in the war. He was the first to fly up the East River under all four bridges.

East River
The East River is a saltwater tidal estuary or strait in New York City. The waterway, which is not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long Island, with the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, from Manhattan Island, and from the Bronx on the North American mainland.

Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, the East River was once also known as the Sound River. The tidal strait changes its direction of flow regularly, and is subject to strong fluctuations in its current, which are accentuated by its narrowness and variety of depths. The waterway is navigable for its entire length of 16 miles (26 km), and was historically the center of maritime activities in the city.
Atlantic Coast Conference women's basketball Player of the Year
The Atlantic Coast Conference women's basketball Player of the Year is a basketball award given to the women's basketball player in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) voted as the most outstanding player. It has been presented since the 1983–84, by the Atlantic Coast Sports Media Association. The award was first given to Tresa Brown of North Carolina.

Three players have won the award three times: Alana Beard of Duke, Alyssa Thomas of Maryland, and Elizabeth Kitley of Virginia Tech.

Duke has the most winners with 8 all-time.

North Carolina Tar Heels women's basketball
The North Carolina Tar Heels women's basketball team represent the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I women's college basketball. They are led by head coach Courtney Banghart, who is in her sixth season.
Lucus Angitiae
Lucus Angitiae was an Italic and Roman town and sanctuary with temple of the goddess Angitia, the ruins of which are located in the comune of Luco dei Marsi in the Abruzzo region of Italy.

The original name of the site was linked to the word lux (light), from which lucus, or the clearing in the woods, is derived as a traditional name for an ancient sanctuary. Angitia was venerated by the Marsi who lived on the shores of Lake Fucino.

Italic peoples
The concept of Italic peoples is widely used in linguistics and historiography of ancient Italy. In a strict sense, commonly used in linguistics, it refers to the Osco-Umbrians and Latino-Faliscans, speakers of the Italic languages, a subgroup of the Indo-European language family.  In a broader sense, commonly used in historiography, all the ancient peoples of Italy are referred to as Italic peoples, including the non-Indo-European ones, as Rhaetians, Ligures and Etruscans. As the Latins achieved a dominant position among these tribes, by virtue of the expansion of the Roman civilization, the other Italic tribes adopted Latin language and culture as part of the process of Romanization.
Mike Hopkins (sound editor)
Michael Alexander Hopkins (12 August 1959 – 30 December 2012) was a New Zealand sound editor. Hopkins and American Ethan Van der Ryn shared two Academy Awards for best sound editing on the films The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers and King Kong. The pair were also nominated for their work on the 2007 film Transformers.

Hopkins died on 30 December 2012 after the raft he was in capsized in a flash flood on the Waiohine River, near his hometown of Greytown.

Flash flood
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm, or by meltwater from ice and snow. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam, as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by having a timescale of fewer than six hours between rainfall and the onset of flooding.

Flash floods are a significant hazard, causing more fatalities in the U.S. in an average year than lightning, tornadoes, or hurricanes. They can also deposit large quantities of sediments on floodplains and destroy vegetation cover not adapted to frequent flood conditions.
Bernt Evens
Bernt Evens (born 9 November 1978) is a Belgian retired professional footballer who played  for Cercle Brugge and Club Brugge, as a defender.

On 22 June 2013 he began at Cercle Brugge as account manager.

Cercle Brugge K.S.V.
Cercle Brugge Koninklijke Sportvereniging (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɛr(ə)klə ˈbrʏɣə ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈspɔrtfəˌreːnəɣɪŋ]) is a Belgian professional football club based in Bruges. They compete in the Belgian Pro League, the top flight of Belgian football. Their matricule number is 12. The club plays home games at the 29,042-seat Jan Breydel Stadium, which they share with fierce rivals Club Brugge. Cercle Brugge won their first national title in 1911, and won two more titles (in 1927 and 1930) before the Second World War. The side also won the Belgian Cup in 1927 and in 1985, and have represented Belgium in European tournaments on several occasions.
Zavos (surname)
Zavos is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Panayiotis Zavos (born 1944), Cypriot-American physiologist

Spiro Zavos (born 1937),  Australasian historian, philosopher, journalist, and writer

Panayiotis Zavos
Panayiotis Michael Zavos (Greek: Παναγιώτης Ζαβός), or Panos Zavos (Πάνος Ζαβός, pronounced [zaˈvos]), is a physiologist who was born in Cyprus and later emigrated to the United States. Zavos has been the subject of controversy for making unsubstantiated claims that he can clone human beings.
Blackspotted snake eel
The Blackspotted snake eel (Quassiremus ascensionis) is a species of eel in the family Ophichthidae. It was described by Théophile Rudolphe Studer in 1889. It is a rare tropical, marine eel which is known from the western and southern Atlantic Ocean, including Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Lesser Antilles, Brazil, and Ascension Island (from which its species epithet is derived). It is known to dwell at a depth of 12 meters, and inhabits sand and turtle grass; it forms burrows which leave its head exposed. Males can reach a maximum total length of 71 centimeters.

Thalassia testudinum
Thalassia testudinum, commonly known as turtlegrass, is a species of marine seagrass in the family Hydrocharitaceae. It forms meadows in shallow, sandy water in locations in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Turtle grass and other seagrasses form meadows which are important habitats and feeding grounds. The grass is eaten by turtles and herbivorous fish, supports many epiphytes, and provides habitat for juvenile fish and many invertebrate taxa.
Malta Railway
The Malta Railway (Italian: Ferrovia di Malta) was the only railway line ever on the island of Malta, and it consisted of a single railway line from Valletta to Mdina. It was a single-track line in metre gauge, operating from 1883 to 1931. The railway was known locally in Maltese as il-vapur tal-art (the land ship).

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
2021 Croatia Open Umag – Doubles
Robin Haase and Philipp Oswald were the reigning champions from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but chose not to defend their title.

Fernando Romboli and David Vega Hernández won the title, defeating Tomislav Brkić and Nikola Ćaćić in the final, 6–3, 7–5.

Philipp Oswald
Philipp Oswald (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːlɪp ˈʔɔsvalt]; born 23 January 1986) is an Austrian former professional tennis player who primarily played doubles events on the ATP Tour. On 7 December 2009, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 206, and his highest doubles ranking of No. 31 was reached on 21 June 2021. In 2021, he participated in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics partnering with Oliver Marach.

In July 2024, Oswald retired from professional tennis and made his final appearance at the 2024 Generali Open Kitzbühel.
Zamarada eucharis
Zamarada eucharis is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782, from Sierra Leone (not Brazil as mentioned in the original description). It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone

Dru Drury
Dru Drury (4 February 1725 – 15 January 1804) was a British collector of natural history specimens and an entomologist. He received specimens collected from across the world through a network of ship's officers and collectors including Henry Smeathman. His collections were utilized by many entomologists of his time to describe and name new species and he is best known for his book Illustrations of Natural History which includes the names and descriptions of many insects, published in parts from 1770 to 1782 with most of the copperplate engravings done by Moses Harris.
Sudra (headdress)
The sudra (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סודרא‎, romanized: suḏārā; Hebrew: סוּדָר, romanized: suḏār) is a rectangular piece of cloth that has been worn as a headdress, scarf, or neckerchief in ancient Jewish tradition. Over time, it held many different functions and is today sometimes understood to be of great cultural and/or religious significance to Jews.

It is mentioned in various ancient and medieval Jewish and Christian religious texts in Aramaic and Koine Greek, written in or around the Near East. Among them are the New Testament, the Targum Neofiti, the Peshitta, the Babylonian Talmud (this text makes numerous mentions of the sudra and is an important source for the role it played in Jewish life at the time), and the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (also known as the Jerusalem Targum, Targum Yerushalmi, or Targum Jonathan) is an Aramaic translation and interpretation (targum) of the Torah (Pentateuch) traditionally thought to have originated from the land of Israel, although more recently a provenance in 12th-century Italy has been proposed.

As a targum, it is not just a translation but incorporates aggadic material collected from various sources as late as the Midrash Rabbah as well as earlier material from the Talmud. So it is a combination of a commentary and a translation. It is also a composite text, involving the Old Judean Targum, Targum Onkelos, and a diverse array of other material.

It is not to be confused with "Targum Jonathan".
1965 Bondi state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bondi on 6 November 1965 because Abe Landa (Labor) resigned to accept the position of Agent-General for New South Wales in London. This position was usually a sinecure for retiring members of the ruling party but Premier Robert Askin offered it to Landa to force his resignation from parliament and cause a by-election with the hope of increasing his government's small majority. Landa's acceptance of the position resulted in his expulsion from the Labor Party.

Agent-General for New South Wales
The Agent-General for New South Wales is the representative of the State of New South Wales in the United Kingdom who is responsible for the promotion of New South Wales' trade and economic interests in the United Kingdom, Europe and Israel. The holder is a state government public servant, as part of the Investment NSW agency, and also concurrently serves as New South Wales' Senior Trade and Investment Commissioner for Europe and Israel.

The first agent-general was appointed in 1864 as a representative of the Colony of New South Wales, and apart from a short period between 1932 and 1934, the role existed until its abolition in 1993. The position was revived in 2021, and was held until June 2023 by former Investment NSW CEO Stephen Cartwright.
Ruboxistaurin
Ruboxistaurin (proposed brand name Arxxant) is an investigational drug for diabetic retinopathy being investigated by Eli Lilly and Company.  It is a member of the bisindolylmaleimide family.

In February 2006, Lilly submitted a New Drug Application for ruboxistaurin, and on August 18, 2006, Lilly received an approvable letter from the US FDA for ruboxistaurin, with a request for an additional clinical trial, which would take 5 years to complete.  Lilly has not made any further request for approval and ruboxistaurin is not approved by the FDA for any medical use.

Approvable letter
Approvable letters, and the related non-approvable letters (alternately not-approvable letters), were notifications sent out by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to drug manufacturers alerting them to the approval prospects of their drugs under development. The letters were intended to let manufacturers know how much work is needed on their applications. Non-approval letters were rejections of a drug's application. Approvable and non-approvable letters were covered under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 314.110.

In 2018, the FDA replaced approvable letters with Complete Response Letters (CRL) to notify applicants when additional information is required before approval.