hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Top City
Top City (Chinese: 台中大遠百) is a shopping mall located in the 7th Redevelopment Zone of Xitun District, Taichung, Taiwan that opened on 22 December 2011. The mall is owned and operated by the Far Eastern Group. With a total floor area of 178,895 m2 (1,925,610 sq ft) and 14 floors above ground and 2 floors below ground, it is the largest shopping center in Taichung when it opened. Main core stores of the mall include Tissot, Hermes, Bvlgari, Gap, Nike and various other high end brands and themed restaurants. In March 2021, the second authorized Lego store in Taiwan opened in the mall.

Tissot
Tissot SA (French pronunciation: [ti'so]) is a Swiss luxury watch brand owned by the Swatch Group. The company was founded in Le Locle, Switzerland by Charles-Félicien Tissot and his son, Charles-Émile Tissot, in 1853.

Tissot is not associated with Mathey-Tissot, another Swiss watchmaking firm.
Oljga N. Dubovik
Oljga N. Dubovik (born 1935) is a botanist.  Dubovik's works are collection and description of spermatophytes in Russia and Ukraine. In 1993 she issued no. 201 until 250 of the exsiccata Herbarium florae Ukraine.

Seed plant
A seed plant or spermatophyte (from Ancient Greek  σπέρμα (spérma) 'seed' and  φυτόν (phutón) 'plant'; lit. 'seed plant'), also called a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds. It is a category of embryophyte (i.e. land plant) that includes most of the familiar land plants, including the flowering plants and the gymnosperms, but not ferns, mosses, or algae.

The term phanerogam or phanerogamae is derived from  Ancient Greek φανερός (phanerós), meaning "visible", in contrast to the term "cryptogam" or "cryptogamae" (from Ancient Greek  κρυπτός (kruptós) 'hidden', and γαμέω (gaméō), 'to marry'). These terms distinguish those plants with hidden sexual organs (cryptogamae) from those with visible ones (phanerogamae).
Soldiers: A History of Men in Battle
Soldiers: A History of Men in Battle is a 1985 BBC television documentary series about the history of warfare from antiquity to the Falklands War.  Each episode looks at warfare from the perspective of different participants: infantryman, artillerist, cavalryman, tanker, airman, guerrilla, surgeon, logistician and commander.   The series and a companion book were written by John Keegan and Richard Holmes, and the series was presented by Frederick Forsyth.

Richard Holmes (military historian)
Edward Richard Holmes, CBE, TD, VR, JP (29 March 1946 – 30 April 2011), known as Richard Holmes, was a British military historian. He was co-director of Cranfield University's Security and Resilience Group from 1989 to 2009 and became Professor of Military and Security Studies at Cranfield in 1995.
Hard candy
A hard candy (American English), or boiled sweet (British English), is a sugar candy prepared from one or more sugar-based syrups that is heated to a temperature of 160 °C (320 °F) to make candy.  Among the many hard candy varieties are stick candy such as the candy cane, lollipops, rock, aniseed twists, and bêtises de Cambrai.

Most hard candy is nearly 100% sugar by weight, with a tiny amount of other ingredients for color or flavor, and negligible water content in the final product. Recipes for hard candy may use syrups of sucrose, glucose, fructose or other sugars.  Sugar-free versions have also been created.

Syrup
In cooking, syrup (less commonly sirup; from Latin: sirupus, from earlier Arabic: شراب; sharāb, beverage, wine) is a thick, viscous, liquid condiment consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water. It typically contains a large amount of dissolved sugars but shows little tendency to deposit crystals. In its concentrated form, its consistency is similar to that of molasses. The viscosity arises from the multiple hydrogen bonds between the dissolved sugar, which has many hydroxyl (OH) groups.
William H. Burton House
William H. Burton House, also known as the National Memorial Day Museum, is a historic home located at Waterloo in Seneca County, New York.  It consists of a 2+1⁄2-story, three-bay offset front entrance main block with two rear wings.  The original 1830s Federal-style residence was modified to its present Italianate style in about 1870 and features a hipped roof and cupola.  In 1965, the building was purchased by the Waterloo Library and Historical Society to house collections and memorabilia related to the birth of Memorial Day in Waterloo in 1866.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Souvenir
A souvenir (French for 'a remembrance or memory'), memento, keepsake, or token of remembrance is an object a person acquires for the memories the owner associates with it. A souvenir can be any object that can be collected or purchased and transported home by the traveler as a memento of a visit. The object itself may have intrinsic value, or be a symbol of experience. Without the owner's input, the symbolic meaning is lost and cannot be articulated.
Joseph Proctor (academic)
Joseph Proctor (also Procter, died 1845) was an academic of the University of Cambridge in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Proctor was born in Stow, Lincolnshire, and educated at Leeds Grammar School. He was admitted St Catharine's Hall, Cambridge on 18 January 1779, graduating B.A. (3rd wrangler and 2nd Smith's Prize) 1783, M.A. 1786, B.D. 1799, and D.D. (per lit. reg.) 1801.

Proctor served as a fellow of St Catharine's 1783–1799, and as master 1799–1845. He was Rector of Steeple Gidding 1807–34, Walgrave 1810–17 and Conington 1824–34, and a prebendary of Norwich Cathedral. He served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1801, and was elected vice-chancellor again in 1826.

He died on 10 November 1845, at the age of 84.

All Saints Church, Conington
All Saints' Church is a redundant Church of England parish church in the village of Conington in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The church stands to the east of the village, between the A1 road and the East Coast Main Line.
Neolamprologus cunningtoni
Neolamprologus cunningtoni is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it prefers areas with sandy substrates in which it digs crater-shaped nests.  This carnivorous species takes fish as prey.  This species can reach a length of 29.1 centimetres (11.5 in) TL.  This species inclusion in this genus has been questioned based upon its lacking many of the characteristics of its congeners.  It can also be found in the aquarium trade. The specific name of this fish honours the British zoologist William Alfred Cunnington (1877-1958), who collected the type on an expedition to Lake Tanganyika.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Guramishvili (Tbilisi Metro)
The Guramishvili (Georgian: გურამიშვილი) is a station on the Akhmeteli–Varketili Line of the Tbilisi Metro. It opened on 16 November 1985.

The station was originally called TEMKA (Georgian: თემქა (თბილისის ელმავალმშენებელი ქარხანა)), an abbreviation for the Tbilisi Electric Locomotive Plant. In 1992 it was renamed after the 18th-century Georgian poet David Guramishvili. During the USSR, the purpose of the station was primarily to serve employees of the Tbilisi Electric Locomotive Plant and residents of the surrounding apartment complexes. After the Collapse of the USSR, the production output at TEMQA severely fell, which resulted in the commuter purpose at the station changing mostly to people commuting to and from the residential districts around the factory.

An active revitalization of the TEMQA district could change the way the station is used in the future, including the factory complex of which the station was originally built for.

Akhmeteli–Varketili Line
The Akhmeteli–Varketili Line (Georgian: ახმეტელი-ვარკეთილის ხაზი) (formerly known as Didube–Samgori and Gldani–Varketili line; and also alternatively written as Akhmeteli Theatre–Varketili line) is a line of the Tbilisi Metro, which was opened to the public on 11 January 1966 as a first stage of the metro system and currently cuts the city on north-south axis.  The line operates on approximately 19.6 kilometres of route and serves 16 stations.

The line is also colloquially known as the First Line, which is also used as a reference by metro station announcers.
Hydrostatic stress
In continuum mechanics, hydrostatic stress, also known as isotropic stress or volumetric stress, is a component of stress which contains uniaxial stresses, but not shear stresses. A specialized case of hydrostatic stress contains isotropic compressive stress, which changes only in volume, but not in shape. Pure hydrostatic stress can be experienced by a point in a fluid such as water. It is often used interchangeably with "mechanical pressure" and is also known as confining stress, particularly in the field of geomechanics.

Hydrostatic stress is equivalent to the average of the uniaxial stresses along three orthogonal axes, so it is one third of the first invariant of the stress tensor (i.e. the trace of the stress tensor):

For example in cartesian coordinates (x,y,z) the hydrostatic stress is simply:

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
Antonio Martino
Antonio Martino (22 December 1942 – 5 March 2022) was an Italian politician and economist who a deputy and minister during the early years of the Second Italian Republic. A founding member of Forza Italia (FI), he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1994 and Minister of Defence from 2001 to 2006. Martino was the son of a prominent Italian Liberal Party (PLI) who served as foreign minister in the 1950s. He followed his father's politics and joined the PLI in 1968.

After graduating in Jurisprudence, Martino moved to the United States and became a professor. He was also a prolific writer and author, and wrote for numerous publications. From 1994 to 2018, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. First elected with Forza Italia, he was a founding member of The People of Freedom (PdL), which was Forza Italia's successor in 2009, and was part of Forza Italia's refoundation in 2013.

University of Messina
The University of Messina (Italian: Università degli Studi di Messina; Latin: Studiorum Universitas Messanae), known colloquially as UniME, is a state university located in Messina, Sicily, Italy. Founded in 1548 by Pope Paul III, it was the world's first Jesuit college, and today it is counted among the oldest universities in Italy.

It is organized in 12 departments offering more than 80 Graduate and Undergraduate Degrees, over 20 Master's Degrees and 13 PhD Programmes. Among them, 7 are English-taught. The University counts more than 23.000 students distributed in the 4 campus facilities spread across the city.

Over the centuries the University of Messina has been a centre of attraction for esteemed scholars and historical figures, such as Giovanni Pascoli, Marcello Malpighi, Gaetano Salvemini and Vittorio Emanuele Orlando.
Lyman Bridge
The Lyman Bridge crosses the Connecticut River to connect West Lebanon, New Hampshire, to White River Junction, Vermont. It is named for Elias Lyman, who built the original bridge at this location. The current bridge was opened on Saturday, October 28, 2017.

The Lyman Bridge carries U.S. Route 4 and a pedestrian walkway on both sides.

U.S. Route 4
U.S. Route 4 (US 4) is a 253-mile-long (407 km) United States Numbered Highway that runs from East Greenbush, New York, in the west to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the east, traversing Vermont.

In New York, US 4 is signed north–south to reflect its alignment in the state. In Vermont and New Hampshire, the route is signed east–west, the conventional direction for even-numbered U.S. Routes.
Australian cricket team in New Zealand in 1877–78
The Australian cricket team toured New Zealand in January and February 1878, before their 1878 tour of England. It was the first overseas tour by a representative Australian team.

The Australians played seven matches against provincial teams, six of which fielded 22 players (the other team, Canterbury, fielded 15) with the aim of providing more evenly-matched contests. As the matches were not 11-a-side they are not considered to have been first-class.

The team had assembled in November 1877, playing matches against teams in four Australian colonies.

Colony of New Zealand
The Colony of New Zealand was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1841 to 1907. British authority was vested in a governor. The colony had three successive capitals: Okiato (or Old Russell) in 1841; Auckland from 1841 to 1865; and Wellington from 1865. Following the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, the colony became a Crown colony with its first elected parliament in 1853. Responsible self-government was established in 1856 with the governor required to act on the advice of his ministers. In 1907, the colony became the Dominion of New Zealand.
Southern Railway (Austria)
The Southern Railway (German: Südbahn) is a railway in Austria that runs from Vienna to Graz and the border with Slovenia at Spielfeld via Semmering and Bruck an der Mur. Along with the Spielfeld-Straß–Trieste railway (lying largely in Slovenia), it forms part of the Austrian Southern Railway that connected Vienna with Trieste, the main seaport of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, via Ljubljana. A main obstacle in its construction was getting over the Semmering Pass over the Northern Limestone Alps. The twin-track, electrified section that runs through the current territory of Austria is owned and operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and is one of the major lines in the country.

Tarvisio
Tarvisio (German and Friulian: Tarvis; Slovene: Trbiž) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional Decentralization Entity of Udine, in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy.

The comune of Tarvisio includes the following frazioni (fractional parishes):

Names in: Italian (German, Slovene, Friulian):

Camporosso (Saifnitz, Žabnice, Cjamparos)

Cave del Predil (Raibl, Rabelj, Rabil/Predil)

Coccau (Goggau, Kokova, Cocau)

Fusine in Valromana (Weißenfels/Weissenfels, Fužine/Bela Peč, Fusinis)

Monte Lussari (Luschariberg, Svete Višarje, Mont Sante di Lussari)

Muda (Mauth, Muta, Mude)

Plezzut (Flitschl, Flíčl, Pleçùt)

Poscolle (Hinterschloss, Zágradec, Puscuèl)

Rutte (Greuth, Trbiške rute, Rute)

Sant'Antonio (Sankt Anton, Sveti Anton, Sant Antòni)

Riofreddo (Kaltwasser, Mrzla Voda)

Neighboring towns are: Chiusaforte and Malborghetto Valbruna in Italy, Arnoldstein and Hohenthurn in Austria, Kranjska Gora and Bovec in Slovenia.
West Coast vs. Wessex
West Coast vs. Wessex is a split album by the American punk rock band NOFX and the British folk punk artist Frank Turner. The split was released on July 31, 2020, by Fat Wreck Chords and it features covers of each other's songs, five by NOFX and five by Frank Turner.

Fat Mike
Michael John Burkett (born January 16, 1967), known professionally as Fat Mike, is an American musician and producer. He was the bassist and lead vocalist for the punk rock band NOFX and the cofounder and bassist of the punk rock supergroup cover band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes. Burkett started out with his first band False Alarm in 1982. He and NOFX rhythm guitarist Eric Melvin were the only band members who remained constant in the band's lineup throughout its existence. Burkett is the owner and founder of Fat Wreck Chords.

Fat Mike plays bass with a guitar pick.
Great Paxton
Great Paxton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. It is in Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. The village lies 2.6 miles (4.2 km) north of St Neots in the Great Ouse river valley.

The population was 1,007 in the 2011 census. Despite its name, Great Paxton's population is much smaller than the neighbouring parish of Little Paxton.

Council Tax
Council Tax is a local taxation system used in England, Scotland and Wales. It is a tax on domestic property, which was introduced in 1993 by the Local Government Finance Act 1992, replacing the short-lived Community Charge (also known as "poll tax"), which in turn had replaced the domestic rates. Each property is assigned one of eight bands in England and Scotland (A to H), or nine bands in Wales (A to I), based on property value, and the tax is set as a fixed amount for each band. The higher the band, the higher the tax. Some property is exempt from the tax, and some people are exempt from the tax, while some get a discount.

In 2011, the average annual levy on a property in England was £1,196 (equivalent to £1,841 in 2023). In 2014–15, the tax raised enough money to cover 24.3% of council expenditure.

Council Tax is difficult to avoid or evade and therefore has one of the highest collection rates of any tax, with in-year collection rates of 97.0% in 2014–15.
The Durgas
The Durgas is a rock band founded in 2004 around the three brothers Benjii, Christopher, and Patrick Simmersbach, with influences of reggae and African and Eastern European folk elements over strains of Americana, folk and roots music and blues, without losing touch with the musicians' roots in punk and indie rock.

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.
Ancistrus damasceni
Ancistrus damasceni is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the upper Parnaíba River basin in Brazil. The species reaches 6.5 cm (2.6 inches) SL.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Hummingbird cake
Hummingbird cake is a banana-pineapple spice cake originating in Jamaica and a popular dessert in the southern United States since the 1970s. Ingredients include flour, sugar, salt, vegetable oil, ripe banana, pineapple, cinnamon, pecans, vanilla extract, eggs, and leavening agent. It is often served with cream cheese frosting.

Pineapple
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae.

The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centuries. The introduction of the pineapple plant to Europe in the 17th century made it a significant cultural icon of luxury. Since the 1820s, pineapple has been commercially grown in greenhouses and many tropical plantations. The fruit, particularly its juice, has diverse uses in cuisines and desserts.

Pineapples grow as a small shrub; the individual flowers of the unpollinated plant fuse to form a multiple fruit. The plant normally propagates from the offset produced at the top of the fruit or from a side shoot, and typically matures within a year.
Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.

Umbri
The Umbri were an ancient people, considered an Italic people, attested during the Iron Age in inner central Italy, approximately between the middle Tiber river and the central Apennines. A region called Umbria still exists and is now occupied by Italian speakers. It is somewhat smaller than the ancient Umbria. Most ancient Umbrian cities were settled in the 9th-4th centuries BCE on easily defensible hilltops. Umbria was bordered by the Tiber and Nar rivers and included the Apennine slopes on the Adriatic. The ancient Umbrian language belongs to the Osco-Umbrian branch of the Italic languages, an Indo-European subfamily that also includes the Latino-Faliscan languages.
Tom Thomson (judoka)
Tom Thomson (born May 7, 1947) is a Canadian judoka, coach, and head instructor at the Brantford Judo Club in Brantford, Ontario, who has been the head coach of the Canadian Paralympic Judo team since the 2000 Paralympic Games in Sydney. In 2006 Thomson won the Petro-Canada Coaching Excellence Award for his work in the promotion and development of Visually Impaired Judo in Canada, and in 2010 he was recognized with a Special Contribution award at an Elite Coaching Symposium for Ontario in Toronto.

Thomson, who has been practising Judo for 34 years, established the Brantford Judo Club in 1984 and remained a competitor himself until 1992, when he shifted his focus to coaching. The fact that the W. Ross Macdonald School for the Blind is located in Brantford has provided him with the opportunity to work with many visually impaired students.

Para judo
Para judo (Paralympic judo) is an adaptation of the Japanese martial art of judo for visually impaired competitors. The rules of the sport are only slightly different from regular judo competitions. It has been part of the Summer Paralympics program since 1988 for men and 2004 for women.
Maria Hill, Daughter of the Regiment
Maria Hill (c. 1791 – 11 September 1881), a contemporary of Laura Secord, was a Canadian heroine of several battles in the Anglo-American War of 1812 including the Battle of Queenston Heights, the Battle of Lundy's Lane and the Battle of Chippawa. She was a surgeon's assistant, while her husband fought in the war.  After the war, she became an early settler to Ottawa, Ontario and attended to the Governor General of Canada, Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond when he died in her village of Richmond, Upper Canada.

Battle of Chippawa
The Battle of Chippawa (sometimes spelled Chippewa) was a War of 1812 battle fought on July 5, 1814, in which the United States Army defeated British forces during the American invasion of Upper Canada along the Niagara River. This battle and the subsequent Battle of Lundy's Lane demonstrated that trained American troops could hold their own against British regulars. The battlefield is preserved as a National Historic Site of Canada.