hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chapter and Conventual Mass
As currently used, the terms Chapter Mass (for chapters of canons) and Conventual Mass (for most other houses of religious) refer to the Mass celebrated by and for a community of priests or for a community of priests and brothers or sisters.

Such Masses are normally concelebrated by most or all of the priests in a house in the case of a house of an order or other religious community that includes priests. The conventual Mass is therefore the daily "community Mass" for a local religious family – whether a convent, monastery or other house. It is normally linked with the Liturgy of the Hours, at which the community gathers to worship as a body: there are special norms in the rubrics for combining any one of the hours of the Divine Office with the celebration of Mass. The Mass and Office celebrated are those of the day, according to the rubrics and ordo of the order or house. The modern concept of the conventual Mass is laid out in the General Instruction of the Roman Missal.

Rogation days
Rogation days, also known as Rogationtide, are days of prayer and fasting in Western Christianity. They are observed with processions and the Litany of the Saints. The so-called major rogation is held on 25 April; the minor rogations are held on Monday to Wednesday preceding Ascension Thursday. In the Ambrosian Rite minor rogations were celebrated on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday after Ascension, preparing to celebrate Pentecost. The word rogation comes from the Latin verb rogare, meaning "to ask", which reflects the beseeching of God for the appeasement of his anger and for protection from calamities.

Rogation Sunday is celebrated on the 5th Sunday after Easter (also known as the 6th Sunday of Easter) in the Anglican tradition. This day is also known in the Lutheran tradition as Rogate Sunday.
Heart of Mine (The Oak Ridge Boys song)
"Heart of Mine" is a song written by Michael Foster, and recorded by The Oak Ridge Boys.  It was released in July 1980 as the second single from Together.  The song reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

The Oak Ridge Boys
The Oak Ridge Boys are an American vocal quartet. The group consists of Duane Allen (lead), William Lee Golden (baritone), Richard Sterban (bass), and Ben James, who replaced Joe Bonsall as tenor in December of 2023. Allen, Bonsall, Golden, and Sterban comprised the group's longest-lasting lineup, from 1973 until 2023, except for the period between 1987 and 1995 when Golden was replaced by Steve Sanders.

The act was founded in 1943 as Wally Fowler and the Georgia Clodhoppers, but were soon known as The Oak Ridge Quartet. They became popular in Southern gospel in the 1950s and their name was changed to Oak Ridge Boys in the 1960s. They moved from traditional southern gospel to contemporary gospel before going into popular music in the mid-1970s.

The Oak Ridge Boys finally broke through in the late 1970s, including their appearance on "Slip Slidin' Away" with Paul Simon, and reached their commercial peak in 1981 with their cover of "Elvira", a Top 5 hit on the Billboard Hot 100.
External capsule
The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. These fibers run between the most lateral (toward the side of the head) segment of the lentiform nucleus (more specifically the putamen) and the claustrum.

The white matter of the external capsule contains fibers known as corticocortical association fibers. These fibers are responsible for connecting the cerebral cortex to another cortical area. The capsule itself appears as a thin white sheet of white matter.

The external capsule is a route for cholinergic fibers from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex.

The putamen separates the external capsule from the internal capsule medially and the claustrum separates it from the extreme capsule laterally. But the external capsule eventually joins the internal capsule around the lentiform nucleus.

White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions.

White matter is named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin. Its white color in prepared specimens is due to its usual preservation in formaldehyde. It appears pinkish-white to the naked eye otherwise, because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with capillaries.
Shri Krishna Sharma
Pandit Shri Krishna Sharma was an Arya Samaj preacher who came to Fiji in 1926 from Rajkot, India. He was a gifted public speaker and singer of religious songs. He provided impetus to the Arya Samaj movement in Fiji. Under his influence Arya Samaj schools and temples were established in Fiji. He was responsible for the establishment of the Hindu Maha Sabha for the purpose of uniting all Hindus in Fiji. He advocated shuddhi (reconversion to Hinduism) and this caused conflict with Muslims and Christians in Fiji.

Sharma also started a monthly Hindi language newspaper called the Vedic Sandesh.

He returned to India in 1929 and the Government of Fiji refused permission for him to return to Fiji.

In 1956, he returned to Fiji to participate in the Golden Jubilee of the Arya Samaj in Fiji. He founded the D.A.V. College in Suva and an Arya temple in Nadi.

Shuddhi (Hinduism)
Shuddhi (Sanskrit: शुद्धि śuddhi, Hindi: शुद्धि śuddhi, Punjabi: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ śuddh) is a Sanskrit word meaning purification or cleansing. In the context of modern Hinduism, it describes a Hindu religious movement started by Arya Samaj, initially aimed at re-converting former Hindus who departed the religion for Christianity or Islam, but later expanded to convert non-Hindus altogether. This term is also present in some medieval smritis, as well as in later Sikh literature, also in the context of re-conversion.
Lower Hack Lift
The Lower Hack Lift is a lift bridge carrying the New Jersey Transit Morristown Line across the Hackensack River at  mile 3.4, Jersey City, New Jersey.

The three-track lift span was built in 1927–28 by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad under the direction and design of John Alexander Low Waddell. The span was completed and opened October 2, 1928.

In addition to the Morristown and Gladstone lines, Montclair-Boonton Line service and North Jersey Coast Line service (via the Waterfront Connection) also use Lower Hack to access Hoboken Terminal.

According to US Coast Guard regulations, Lower Hack shall open upon signal with at least one hour notice to the bridge tender at Upper Hack Lift on the Main Line.

NJ Transit
New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit or NJTransit and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the U.S. state of New Jersey and portions of the states of New York and Pennsylvania. It operates buses, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to major commercial and employment centers both within the state and in its two adjacent major cities, New York City and Philadelphia. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 225,620,400.

Covering a service area of 5,325 square miles (13,790 km2), NJT is the largest statewide public transit system and the third-largest provider of bus, rail, and light rail transit by ridership in the United States.

NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in the state; in particular, buses to serve routes not served by the transit agency.
Dinos Dimopoulos
Dinos Dimopoulos (Greek: Ντίνος Δημόπουλος; 22 August 1921 – 28 February 2003) was a Greek actor, film director, screenwriter and theatre director. He directed more than 40 films between 1953 and 1993.

His 1959 film Astero was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1960 film Madalena was entered into the 1961 Cannes Film Festival. He wrote also some theatrical plays. He has won the best director award in Thessaloniki Film Festival for the film The Asphalt Fever.

9th Berlin International Film Festival
The 9th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 26 June to 7 July 1959. The festival welcomed the cinematic movement known as the French New Wave and screened the work of directors such as Jean-Luc Godard, Agnès Varda and François Truffaut.

The Golden Bear was awarded to Les Cousins directed by Claude Chabrol.
Three Mountains of Dewa
The Three Mountains of Dewa (出羽三山, Dewa Sanzan) refer to the three sacred mountains of Mount Haguro, Mount Gassan and Mount Yudono, which are clustered together in the ancient province of Dewa (modern-day Yamagata Prefecture). Holy to the Japanese Shinto religion and especially the mountain ascetic practice of Shugendo, Dewa Sanzan are a popular pilgrimage site visited by many, including famed haiku poet Matsuo Bashō.

The Haguro Five-story Pagoda is a recognised national treasure of Japan.

It has three subshrines

Mount Gassan with Gassan Shrine

Mount Haguro with Hagurosan Shrine

Mount Yudono with Yudonosan Shrine

Dewa Province
Dewa Province (出羽国, Dewa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [deꜜ.wa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka.  Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū (羽州).
Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott
Brigadier Claud Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott, DSO (13 July 1906 – 24 January 1971) was the first child and only son born to Lieutenant Colonel Lord Herbert Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott and Marie Josephine Edwards. He was a grandson of William Henry Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch & 8th Duke of Queensberry and Louisa Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry, and a paternal first cousin to Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester. He was a maternal first cousin once removed to Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, a paternal great-uncle to Sarah Ferguson, and a maternal second great-uncle to Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie of York.

Princess Eugenie
Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank (/ˈjuːʒəni/ YOO-zhə-nee; Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990), is a member of the British royal family. She is the younger daughter of Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor and Sarah Ferguson, and a niece of King Charles III. At birth, Eugenie was sixth in the line of succession to the British throne and is 12th as of 2026.

Eugenie was born at the Portland Hospital in London. She was educated at St George's School and Marlborough College before studying English Literature and History of Art at Newcastle University, graduating with a bachelor's degree. She joined the auction house Paddle8 before taking a directing position at the art gallery Hauser & Wirth. Eugenie also works privately with a number of charitable organisations, including the Anti-Slavery Collective and Anti-Slavery International.

In 2018, Eugenie married Jack Brooksbank, a British marketing executive. They have two sons named August and Ernest Brooksbank.
Equale
An equale or aequale (from Latin: voces aequales, equal voices or parts) is a musical idiom. It is a piece for equal voices or instruments. In the 18th century the equale became established as a generic term for short, chordal pieces for trombone choirs, usually quartets or trios. The instruments were not necessarily equal in pitch, but formed a closed consort.

Trio (music)
In music, a trio (from the Italian) is any of the following:

a composition for three performers or three musical parts

in larger works, the middle section of a ternary form (so named because of the 17th-century practice of scoring the contrasting second or middle dance appearing between two statements of a principal dance for three instruments)

an ensemble of three instruments or voices performing trio compositions.
Theophilus Feild
Theophilus Feild or Field (bap. 1575, Cripplegate – 1636) was successively bishop of Llandaff (1619–1627), of St Davids (1627–1635) and of Hereford (1635–1636). He was born in Germany.

The son of notable preacher John Feild and father of Architect David Feild, he entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge as a sizar but received his B.A. from Pembroke College in 1595/6. He owed his earlier promotion to the Duke of Buckingham. The noted antiquary Sir John Stradling received his poetic endorsements for his works.

In 1598 he was briefly master of the school that is now Colchester Royal Grammar School.

Sizar
At Trinity College Dublin and the University of Cambridge, a sizar /ˈsaɪzər/ is an undergraduate who receives some form of assistance such as meals, lower fees or lodging during their period of study, in some cases in return for doing a defined job.
Franz von Zedlitz und Leipe
Franz Freiherr von Zedlitz und Leipe (21 April 1876 – 29 March 1944) was a German Freiherr and sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He won the bronze medal in the team trap event. He also competed in the Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's trap competition and finished 4th.

Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team trap
The men's trap, team (originally called clay bird shooting, team competition) was a shooting sports event held as part of the shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1908. The competition was held from Saturday, 29 June 1912 to Monday, 1 July 1912.

Thirty-six sport shooters from six nations competed.
Mikkayla Sheridan
Mikkayla Sheridan (born 20 January 1995) is an Australian swimmer. She won gold in the women's 4 × 200 m freestyle event at the 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships. In the Autumn of 2019, she was member of the inaugural International Swimming League swimming for the New York Breakers, who competed in the Americas Division.

New York Breakers
NY Breakers is a professional swimming club and one of the original eight clubs of the global International Swimming League (ISL) based in New York City led by general manager, Tim Teeter and head coach, Martin Truijens. The ISL is owned by Konstantin Grigorishin and had its inaugural season in 2019. The original eight clubs were:  DC Trident, the New York Breakers, the LA Current, and the Cali Condors in the United States of America, and the Aqua Centurions, Energy Standard, the London Roar, and IRON in Europe. In 2020 ISL added the Toronto Titans (Canada) and a Tokyo team (Japan) for a total of ten teams.

During the inaugural season in 2019, NY Breakers ended 4th in Lewisville, Budapest and College Park, MD in the preliminary rounds and failed to advance to the finale in Las Vegas.
Institute of Design and Construction
Institute of Design and Construction (IDC), was a non-profit technical college located in Brooklyn, New York, that was founded in 1947 and closed in 2015. Its founder was  Vito P. Battista, a first generation Italian-American architect, civic leader and member of the New York State Assembly from 1969 to 1974.

IDC offered Associate degrees in Building Construction Technology and Architectural Design Technology as well as a variety of continuing and professional education courses. It was registered by the New York State Department of Education, but due to declining student enrollment and accreditation concerns by the New York State Board of Regents, IDC voluntarily ceased operations in July 2015.

Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
The Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York is responsible for the general supervision of all educational activities within New York State, presiding over the University of the State of New York and the New York State Education Department.
Frederick Kantor
Frederick Kantor (July 19, 1942 – May 15, 2020) was an American physicist and inventor. He is known for his early work on digital physics, originally coined by Kantor as information mechanics which described "previously thought dissimilar phenomena, such as the fine structure constant (on the
scale of the very small) and cosmological red shift (on the scale of the very large)".

Greg Bear cited Kantor's Information Mechanics as an inspiration for his 1990 novel Heads. A Reddit editor named delverofsecrets created an Internet hoax involving an apparently chance meeting of Kantor and hundreds of Reddit followers at 6½ Avenue in Manhattan on July 12, 2012; the crowd was eventually dispersed by the New York Police Department.

Fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.

It is a dimensionless quantity (dimensionless physical constant), independent of the system of units used, which is related to the strength of the coupling of an elementary charge e with the electromagnetic field, by the formula . Its numerical value is approximately 0.0072973525643 ≈ 137.035999177-1, with a relative uncertainty of 1.6×10−10.

The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 when extending the Bohr model of the atom.  quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887.

Why the constant should have this value is not understood, but there are a number of ways to measure its value.
Bob Roop
Robert Michael Roop  (born July 22, 1942) is an American retired amateur wrestler and professional wrestler whose career spanned high school, college, the United States Army, amateur and professional wrestling. He was an American heavyweight Greco-Roman wrestler at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
René Gloor
René Gloor (born 3 November 1956) is a retired Swiss long jumper.

He finished ninth at the 1982 European Indoor Championships, and ninth at the 1983 European Indoor Championships. He also competed at the 1982 European Championships, the 1983 World Championships, and the 1984 Olympic Games without reaching the final. Gloor also competed in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1982 European Championships without reaching the final.

Gloor became Swiss 100 metres champion once, 200 metres champion three times and long jump champion in 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1989. He also became indoor long jump champion in 1983, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1991. His personal best jump was 8.07 metres, achieved in May 1982 in Zofingen. He also had 10.43 seconds in the 100 metres, 20.84 seconds in the 200 metres and 46.55 seconds in the 400 metres.

He became a teacher in Switzerland at Cugy.

Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump
The men's long jump was an event at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, United States. There were 31 participating athletes from 25 nations, with two qualifying groups, and the final held on August 6, 1984. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 30 cm by Carl Lewis of the United States, the nation's 17th gold medal in the event. It was Lewis's second gold of the Games as he tried (successfully) to match Jesse Owens's 1936 quadruple (100 metres, 200 metres, 4 × 100 metres relay, and long jump). It was also the first of Lewis's four consecutive gold medals in the long jump and would prove to be his greatest winning margin for the Olympic long jump. Gary Honey gave Australia its first men's long jump medal since 1948; Giovanni Evangelisti won Italy's first-ever medal in the event.
Bulk Barn
Bulk Barn Foods Limited is a Canadian retail chain specializing in bulk foods. Founded by Carl Ofield in September 1982, it is the largest bulk foods retailer in Canada. Its stores sell common to somewhat specialty foods, such as those that are vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO, and other common dietary restrictions.

Bulk Barn cannot be considered zero waste due to its heavy use of plastic in both prepackaged and bulk items, however, the store encourages customers to use its Reusable Container Program to reduce waste.

Bulk foods
Bulk foods are food items offered in large quantities, which can be purchased in large, bulk lots or transferred from a bulk container into a smaller container for purchase. Bulk foods may be priced less compared to packaged foods because they are typically packaged in large generic bulk containers and packaging for grocery outlets, which utilizes lesser natural resources. Additionally, less packaging is congruent with the environmental conservation of natural resources and sustainability. One study found a 96% reduction in packaging used for bulk foods compared to packaged foods.
Thomas L. Marble
Thomas L. Marble (December 24, 1876 – October 23, 1952) was a justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1925 to 1946, serving as chief justice from 1943 to 1946.

Marble was born in Auburn, Maine, and attended Edward Little High School. He received an undergraduate degree from Bowdoin College, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and founder and editor of The Quill, and a law degree from Harvard Law School. While in law school, he was the principal of Gorham High School. After law school, he practiced law in Berlin, New Hampshire. In 1917, he was appointed to the New Hampshire Superior Court.

In 1926, Marble was president of the New Hampshire Bar Association.

He died in Concord, New Hampshire.

Auburn, Maine
Auburn is a city in south-central Maine, within the United States. Settled in the foothills of the Western Lakes and Mountains region of the state, the city serves as the county seat of Androscoggin County. The population was 24,061 at the 2020 census. Auburn and its sister city Lewiston are known locally as the Twin Cities or Lewiston–Auburn (L–A).
Savage Mill Trail
The Savage Mill Trail is a 0.8-mile (1.3 km) rail trail that winds along the Little Patuxent River in Savage, Maryland.  The trail was formerly part of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's rail corridor through central Maryland, but the Howard County Recreation and Parks Department acquired the land in 1978.

Rail trail
A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed; in addition, rails with trails share the rail corridor with active railways, light rail or with disused track. As shared-use paths, rail trails are primarily for non-motorised traffic including pedestrians, bicycles, horseback riders, skaters and cross-country skiers, although snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles may be allowed. The characteristics of abandoned railways lend themselves to rail trails and account for their popularity; these include gentle grades, well-engineered rights of way and structures (bridges and tunnels), and passage through historical areas. Many rail trails are long-distance trails, while some shorter rail trails are known as greenways or linear parks.