hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Browns of York
W. P. Brown Limited, trading as Browns of York, is a British department store chain with stores in York, Helmsley, Beverley and Gainsborough. Browns have been trading since 1890 when the first store opened in York, and has been family run since its founding.

The York store is the largest and oldest of the four and is located in Davygate, while the Helmsley store is located in Market Place and opened in 1992. A third store in Beverley opened on 25 March 2010 and a fourth store opened in Gainsborough in Lincolnshire on 15 August 2012.

Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
Gainsborough (/ˈɡeɪnzbərə/) is a market town and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population was 20,842 at the 2011 census, and estimated at 23,243 in 2019. It lies on the east bank of the River Trent, 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Lincoln, 16 miles (26 km) south-west of Scunthorpe, 20 miles south-east of Doncaster and 39 miles (63 km) east of Sheffield. It is sometimes claimed to be England's furthest-inland port.
Port of Boston
The Port of Boston (AMS Seaport Code: 0401, UN/LOCODE: US BOS) is a major seaport located in Boston Harbor and adjacent to the City of Boston. It is the largest port in Massachusetts and one of the principal ports on the East Coast of the United States.

The Port of Boston was historically important for the growth of the City of Boston, and was originally located in what is now the downtown area of the city, called Long Wharf. Land reclamation and conversion to other uses means that the downtown area no longer handles commercial traffic, although there is still considerable ferry and leisure usage at Long Wharf. Today the principal cargo handling facilities are located in the Boston neighborhoods of Charlestown, East Boston, and South Boston, and in the neighboring city of Everett.  The Port of Boston has also been an entry point for many immigrants.

UN/LOCODE
UN/LOCODE, the United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations, is a geographic coding scheme developed and maintained by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). UN/LOCODE assigns codes to locations used in trade and transport with functions such as seaports, rail and road terminals, airports, Postal Exchange Office and border crossing points. The first issue in 1981 contained codes for 8,000 locations. The version from 2011 contained codes for about 82,000 locations.
Sol–gel process
In materials science, the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. The method is used for the fabrication of metal oxides, especially the oxides of silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti). The process involves conversion of monomers in solution into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precursor for an integrated network (or gel) of either discrete particles or network polymers. Typical precursors are metal alkoxides. Sol–gel process is used to produce ceramic nanoparticles.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
Bråsvellbreen
Bråsvellbreen (English: The Sudden Swell Glacier) is a glacier in Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. The glacier is a 45 kilometre long stream southwards from the ice dome Sørdomen of Austfonna, debouching into the sea on the south coast. In the late 1930s it was observed that the glacier had exhibited a recent huge surge, forming a ten kilometre long tongue into the sea.

This glacier, representing 13% of the total surface of Austfonna, is well known in the Arctic for its spectacular waterfalls and glacial streams.

Debouch
In hydrology, a debouch (or debouche) is a place where runoff from a small, confined space discharges into a larger, broader body of water. The word is derived from the French verb déboucher (French: [debuʃe]), which means "to unblock, to clear". The term also has a military usage.
Berr
Berr is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hans Berr (1890–1917), German First World War flying ace

Hélène Berr (1921–1945), Jewish and French woman

Henri Berr (1863–1954), French philosopher

Hans Berr
Oberleutnant Hans Berr (20 May 1890–6 April 1917) was a German professional soldier and World War I flying ace. At the start of the First World War, he served in a Jäger battalion until severely wounded; he then transferred to aviation duty. Once trained as a pilot, he helped pioneer the world's first dedicated fighter airplane, the Fokker Eindecker "flying gun". Flying one, Berr shot down two enemy airplanes in March 1916 as his contribution to the Fokker Scourge. Berr was then chosen to command one of the world's original fighter squadrons, Jagdstaffel 5. Leading his pilots by example, Berr scored eight more victories in a four-week span in October - November 1916 while his pilots began to compile their own victories. Hans Berr was awarded Germany's highest military honor, the Pour le Merite, on 4 December 1916. During a 6 April 1917 dogfight, Berr and his wingman mortally collided.
Christina Lane
Christina Lane is an American author and film scholar, best known for her research on women's representation in contemporary and classical Hollywood cinema. Her book Phantom Lady: Hollywood Producer Joan Harrison, the Forgotten Woman Behind Hitchcock won the 2021 Edgar Award for Best Critical/Biographical Work in 2021.
Lane is Professor of Film Studies in the Department of Cinematic Arts at the University of Miami, where she served as Department Chair from 2015 to 2021. From 2020 to 2022, she was president of the University Film and Video Association.

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
2024 Open Quimper Bretagne – Doubles
Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul were the defending champions but withdrew before their first round match.

Manuel Guinard and Arthur Rinderknech won the title after defeating Anirudh Chandrasekar and Vijay Sundar Prashanth 7–6(7–4), 6–3 in the final.

Sadio Doumbia
Sadio Doumbia (born 12 September 1990) is a French professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 23 achieved on 15 September 2025. Doumbia has won five ATP Tour titles with compatriot Fabien Reboul and 18 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles, 17 of them with Reboul. He also has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 250 achieved on 7 November 2016.
Milan Triennial XII
The Milan Triennial XII was the Triennial in Milan sanctioned by the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE) on the 5 May 1959.
Its theme was House and School. 
It was held at the Palazzo dell'Arte and ran from 
16 July 1960 to 4 November 1960.

Antti Nurmesniemi and Birger Kaipiainen both won Grand Prix. Ilmari Tapiovaara and Kyllikki Salmenhaara won gold, and Bertel Gardberg a silver medal.

Bureau International des Expositions
The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE; English: International Exhibitions Bureau) is an intergovernmental organization created to supervise international exhibitions (also known as expos, global expos or world expos) falling under the jurisdiction of the Convention Relating to International Exhibitions.
An Inquiry into the Good
An Inquiry into the Good, also known as A Study of Good (Japanese: 善の研究), is the first book by the Japanese philosopher Nishida Kitarō, published in 1911.

As he explains in the Preface to the work, Parts II and III were composed first, followed by Parts I and IV. Part I is an explication of the nature of what he calls ‘pure experience’ which lies at the basis of his thought. Part II is the expression of his philosophical thought and is the core part of this book. Then, with the foundation being thus laid, Nishida launches into a discussion of the good in Part III. He appended Part IV out of his belief that the end of philosophy is religion. The reason that he entitled this work An Inquiry into the Good, despite half of it being devoted to the discussion of technical points in philosophy, is because he thought that, ultimately, the central focus of this work is the great questions of human life and existence.

National Diet Library
The National Diet Library (NDL) (国立国会図書館, Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan) is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the National Diet of Japan (国会, Kokkai) in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to the United States Library of Congress.

The National Diet Library (NDL) consists of two main facilities in Tokyo and Kyoto, and several other branch libraries throughout Japan.
Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola
Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola, commonly known as sand bittercress, is a flowering plant that is usually regarded as a variety in the family Brassicaceae native to North America. Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola was initially described as a distinct species, but is now commonly treated as a variety. However, recent nuclear DNA data suggests a sister relationship between the American and Eurasian plants (though cpDNA data found the two taxa to be intermingled).

Plastid DNA
Plastid DNA (ptDNA), also known as chloroplast DNA (cpDNA or ctDNA) in photosynthetic organisms, is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms, as well as some reduced plastids, such as apicoplasts. Chloroplasts, like other types of plastid, contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleus. The existence of chloroplast DNA was identified biochemically in 1959, and confirmed by electron microscopy in 1962. The discoveries that the chloroplast contains ribosomes and performs protein synthesis revealed that the chloroplast is genetically semi-autonomous. The first complete chloroplast genome sequences were published in 1986, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) by Sugiura and colleagues and Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort) by Ozeki et al. Since then, tens of thousands of chloroplast genomes from various species have been sequenced.
Pelican Point, South Australia
Pelican Point is a coastal town in South Australia that surrounds a headland on the continental coastline. It  consists mostly of holiday shacks. The north side of the point faces Bungaloo Bay. The point was previously known as Pointe des Cordonniers. The current boundaries were created on 31 October 1996 including both the Bungaloo Bay and Pelican Point shack areas.

Pelican Point is located within the federal Division of Barker, the state electoral district of Mount Gambier and the local government area of the District Council of Grant.

Division of Barker
The Division of Barker is an Australian electoral division in the south-east of South Australia. The division was established on 2 October 1903, when South Australia's original single multi-member division was split into seven single-member divisions.  It is named for Captain Collet Barker, a British military officer and early explorer, prior to the British Settlement of South Australia, of the southern Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and the region at the mouth of the Murray River near the Coorong where he died in 1831 whilst on active duty after successfully solo swimming the channel of water and went compass in hand over a sandhill.
Johan Georg Raeder
Johan Georg Raeder (March 20, 1889, Oslo – 1959) was a Norwegian ophthalmologist known for his studies on glaucoma. The Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome, a lesion of the middle cranial fossa, and incomplete variation of Horner's syndrome, was named after him.

Horner's syndrome
Horner's syndrome, also known as oculosympathetic paresis, is a combination of symptoms that arises when a group of nerves known as the sympathetic trunk is damaged. The signs and symptoms occur on the same side (ipsilateral) as it is a lesion of the sympathetic trunk. It is characterized by miosis (a constricted pupil), partial ptosis (a weak, droopy eyelid), apparent anhidrosis (decreased sweating), with apparent enophthalmos (inset eyeball).

The nerves of the sympathetic trunk arise from the spinal cord in the chest, and from there ascend to the neck and face. The nerves are part of the sympathetic nervous system, a division of the autonomic (or involuntary) nervous system. Once the syndrome has been recognized, medical imaging and response to particular eye drops may be required to identify the location of the problem and the underlying cause.
Colombia women's national rugby sevens team
The Colombia women's national rugby sevens team participates at several international tournaments. Colombia qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Their biggest achievement is the bronze medal won at the Lima 2019 Pan American Games.

Colombia placed second at the 2019 Sudamérica Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Peru, earning them a place at the final qualification tournament. They were knocked out of the Qualifier semi-finals at the 2020 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament by France. Colombia qualified for their first Sevens World Cup after finishing as runners-up at the 2021 Sudamérica Rugby Women's Sevens. The 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens will be held in South Africa.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.
Alex Shabunya
Alex Shabunya (Belarusian: Аляксей Алегавіч Шабуня, Russian: Алексей Олегович Шабуня ; born 4 October 1977 in Navapolatsk, Belarus) is a Belarusian professional bodybuilder.

Before taking up bodybuilding Alex Shabunya was doing skiing, boxing and wrestling.

In 1995, Alex Shabunya started gym training. His first trainer was Sergei Muchenko.

In 1997, Alex Shabunya took part in a number of WABBA tournaments. In 1998, Shabunya made his IFBB debut. Shabunya is a seven-time Mr Belarus.

In 2005 Shabunya became a member of the IronWorld Club. He moved to the capital Minsk and began to train on his own. He won the 2005 Eastern Europe title, the 2005 Iron Man Grand Prix and the 2005 Iron World tournament.

Belarusians
Belarusians (Belarusian: беларусы, romanized: biełarusy [bʲeɫaˈrusɨ]) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy.
Crown princes in pre-Islamic Iran
The position of a crown prince in pre-Islamic Iran was affirmed in the Median and early Achaemenid eras, when sovereignty was becoming standardized, due to the influence of Mesopotamian, Urartian, and Elamite practices.

It was during this period that the Avestan word vīsō puθra ("son of the clan") was adopted to denote “crown prince.” The word became visa-puthra in Old Persian.

By the early Achaemenid period, a king preparing to participate in a military expedition, was required to appoint his heir, in case the king would die. Usually the appointment of an heir was based on his ancestry, physical quality, and leadership features.

Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). Old Persian is close to both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit, and all three languages are highly inflected.

Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BCE to 300 BCE). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran,  Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt, with the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription (dated to 522 BCE).

In 2007, research into the vast Persepolis Administrative Archives at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago unearthed Old Persian tablets, which suggest Old Persian was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display.
Megalara
Megalara garuda, colloquially referred to as the king of wasps or Garuda wasp, is a large wasp and the only species in the genus Megalara, family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. The wasp is only known from the Mekongga Mountains in the southeastern part of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It was described in 2012 by Lynn Kimsey, director of the Bohart Museum of Entomology and professor of entomology at the University of California, Davis, and Michael Ohl, curator and head of entomology at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Rosichon Ubaidillah from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences also contributed the discovery.

In March 2012, the full species description was published. The species is named after the Garuda bird, the National Symbol of Indonesia. This species of wasp has never been observed alive or in flight.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Emma Spitz
Emma Spitz (born 10 April 2000) is an Austrian professional golfer and Ladies European Tour player. She was runner-up at the 2024 Amundi German Masters. In 2018, she became the first Austrian to win The R&A's Girls Amateur Championship.

2021 Arnold Palmer Cup
The 2021 Arnold Palmer Cup was a team golf competition held from June 11–13, 2021 at  Rich Harvest Farms, Sugar Grove, Illinois. It was the 25th time the event had been contested and the fourth under the new format in which women golfers played in addition to men, and the United States played an international team. The United States team won the match 33–27.
William J. Wainwright
William J. Wainwright (1935-2020) was an American philosopher and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
Wainwright served as Editor of Faith and Philosophy for five years and was president of both the Society for Philosophy of Religion and the Society of Christian Philosophers.

Society for Philosophy of Religion
The Society for Philosophy of Religion (SPR) is an American learned society founded in 1938 and is a forum for the interchange of ideas in the philosophy of religion. 
It holds meetings annually and sponsors the International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, published by Springer. 
The society was formerly known as The Southern Society for Philosophy of Religion and dropped the word 'Southern' from its title in 1971.
Hala Ayala
Hala Sophia Ayala (born April 23, 1973) is an American politician who served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates for the 51st district from 2018 to 2022. She was the Democratic nominee in the 2021 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election, losing to Republican nominee Winsome Earle-Sears. Ayala was also a candidate for Virginia State Senate in the 33rd district, losing the Democratic primary to Jennifer Carroll Foy on June 20, 2023.

Virginia's 51st House of Delegates district
Virginia's 51st House of Delegates district, in Campbell County, Virginia, Bedford County, Virginia, and Pittsylvania County, Virginia, elects one of the 100 members of the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature.

The 51st district has been represented by Republican Eric Zehr since 2024.
Sahaj Path (book)
Sahaj Path (Bengali: সহজ পাঠ) is a well-known Bengali primer, written by Rabindranath Tagore. In two of its editions, this book describes the basics of Bengali language and literature. The first edition (প্রথম ভাগ) has the preliminary ideas of Bengali alphabet, simple words and their structures, pronunciation; while the second edition (দ্বিতীয় ভাগ) includes usage of words in a sentences, paragraphs, short stories and teaches structure of rhymes to improve comprehension.

These books, illustrated in linocuts by famous Indian artist Nandalal Bose, are foundational textbooks designed to teach Bengali language and literature to young learners. It was used as a classic educational text in primary schools for decades.

Nandalal Bose
Nandalal Bose (3 December 1882 – 16 April 1966) was one of the pioneers of modern Indian art and a key figure of Contextual Modernism.

A pupil of Abanindranath Tagore, Bose was known for his "Indian style" of painting. He became the principal of Kala Bhavan, Santiniketan in 1921. He was influenced by the Tagore family and the murals of Ajanta; his classic works include paintings of scenes from Indian mythologies, women, and village life.

Today, many critics consider his paintings among India's most important modern paintings. In 1976, the Archaeological Survey of India, Department of Culture, Govt. of India declared his works among the "nine artists" whose work, "not being antiquities", were to be henceforth considered "to be art treasures, having regard to their artistic and aesthetic value".

He was given the work of illustrating the Constitution of India.