hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fitz
Fitz (pronounced "fits") was a patronymic indicator used in Anglo-Norman England to help distinguish individuals by identifying their immediate predecessors.  Meaning "son of", it would precede the father's forename, or less commonly a title held by the father. In rare cases, it formed part of a matronymic to associate the bearer with a more prominent mother.  Convention among modern historians is to represent the word as fitz, but in the original Norman French documentation, it appears as fiz, filz, or similar forms, deriving from the Old French noun filz, fiz (French fils), meaning "son of", and ultimately from Latin filius (son). Its use during the period of English surname adoption (following the Norman conquest) led to its incorporation into patronymic surnames, and at later periods this form was adopted by English kings for the surnames given some of their recognized illegitimate children, and by Irish families when anglicizing their Gaelic patronymic surnames.

Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester
Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester (died circa 21 October 1204) (Latinized to de Bellomonte ("from the beautiful mountain")) was an English nobleman, the last of the Beaumont earls of Leicester. He is sometimes known as Robert FitzPernel.
LA postcode area
The LA postcode area, also known as the Lancaster postcode area, is a group of 23 postcode districts in north-west England, within 17 post towns. These cover north Lancashire (including Lancaster, Morecambe and Carnforth) and southern Cumbria (including Barrow-in-Furness, Kendal, Ulverston, Windermere, Dalton-in-Furness, Milnthorpe, Sedbergh, Grange-over-Sands, Askam-in-Furness, Kirkby-in-Furness, Broughton-in-Furness, Coniston and Ambleside and Millom), and part of North Yorkshire.

Mail for the LA postcode area is processed at Preston Mail Centre, along with mail for the PR, BB and FY postcode areas.

Milnthorpe
Milnthorpe is a village, civil parish, and former market town in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It is 7 miles (11 km) south of Kendal. Historically in the county of Westmorland and on the A6, the village contains several old hostelries and hosts a market every Friday. The parish, which includes the village of Ackenthwaite, had a population of 2,199 according to the 2011 Census.
Australian Student Christian Movement
The Australian Student Christian Movement (ASCM) is a Progressive Christian student organization in Australia. Its main activities are focused on spirituality, issues of social, economic, and environmental justice, and building autonomous local communities on campuses across the country. It is part of the World Student Christian Federation.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
Odesa International Film Festival
The Odesa International Film Festival (Ukrainian: Оде́ський міжнаро́дний кінофестива́ль) is an annual film festival held in the middle of July in Odesa, Ukraine.

Since 2016 the festival program has consisted of three parts: the International competition, National competition and European Documentary competition. The National competition is divided into Features and Shorts.

Odesa Film Studio
The Odesa Film Studio (Ukrainian: Одеська кіностудія художніх фільмів, Russian: Одесская киностудия художественных фильмов) is a Ukrainian, formerly Soviet, film studio in Odesa. Founded in 1919, it was one of the first and oldest studios in the Russian Empire and later Soviet Union.

It is partially owned by the government and supervised by the State Property Fund of Ukraine and the Ministry of Culture. Together with Dovzhenko Film Studios, they are the only state-owned and major film producers in the country. The studio is located at 33 French Boulevard (33 Французский бульвар), in Odesa, Ukraine.
James Park-Johnson
James Charles Park-Johnson (born 14 September 1998) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Park-Johnson was born at Kendal in September 1998. He was educated at Sedbergh School, before going up to Anglia Ruskin University. While studying at Anglia Ruskin, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge MCCU in 2019, against Essex and Nottinghamshire. He scored 28 runs in his two matches, in addition to taking a single wicket, that of Essex's Ravi Bopara, with his right-arm medium pace bowling.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Black Diamond, Alberta
Black Diamond was a town in the Calgary Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada that is now within the Town of Diamond Valley. It is at the intersection of Highway 22 (Cowboy Trail) and Highway 7. Its first post office opened in 1907. Black Diamond was named because of coal deposits near the original town site. Little oil or gas remains.

It was a sister town to Turner Valley, and has a hospital, shops, hotels and residences, elementary school (K-6th grade), high school (7th-12th grade), hockey rink and a Boys and Girls Club.

Black Diamond is located in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies in the midst of some of Canada's best ranch country.

A 3 km (1.9 mi) trail next to the roadway between Black Diamond and Turner Valley is named the Friendship Trail.

Foothills
Foothills or piedmont are geographically defined as gradual increases in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area. They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills and the adjacent topographically higher mountains, hills, and uplands.  Frequently foothills consist of alluvial fans, coalesced alluvial fans, and dissected plateaus.
Daniel Dumitru
Daniel Dumitru is an American physiatrist and electromyographer. He is currently a professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation at University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

He is past president of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine (since renamed to the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine), from which he won the Distinguished Researcher Award in 2000. He is also past president of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electric potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement. Needle EMG is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique commonly used by neurologists. Surface EMG is a non-medical procedure used to assess muscle activation by several professionals, including physiotherapists, kinesiologists and biomedical engineers. In computer science, EMG is also used as middleware in gesture recognition towards allowing the input of physical action to a computer as a form of human-computer interaction.
Claude Chappuis
Claude Paul Chappuis, born on 30 September 1924 in Lille, Nord (France) and deceased on 13 June 2021 in Bois-Guillaume, Seine-Maritime (France), was a French physician-radiologist, ornithologist, and bioacoustician.  He is best known for recording and cataloguing birdsongs from around the world.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Culture gap
A culture gap is any systematic difference between two cultures which hinders mutual understanding or relations.  Such differences include the values, behavior, education, and customs of the respective cultures. 
As international communications, travel, and trade have expanded, some of the communication and cultural divisions have lessened. Books on how to handle and be aware of cultural differences seek to prepare business people and travelers. Immigrants and migrant laborers need to learn the ways of a new culture. Tourists can also be confronted with variants in protocols for tipping, body language, personal space, dress codes, and other cultural issues. Language instructors try to teach cultural differences as well.

Convention (norm)
A convention  influences a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, social norms, or other criteria, often taking the form of a custom.

In physical sciences, numerical values (such as constants, quantities, or scales of measurement) are called conventional if they do not represent a measured property of nature, but originate in a convention, for example an average of many measurements, agreed between the scientists working with these values.
Job Castillo
Job Castillo Galindo (born 1 November 1992) is a Mexican badminton player. He won the men's doubles title at the 2022 Pan Am Championships partnering Luis Montoya. He also claimed two bronze medals at the Pan American Games, in 2015 with Lino Muñoz, and in 2023 with Montoya.

Castillo was part of Mexican winning team at the 2018 and 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games. In his junior career, he competed at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore.

Badminton at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's doubles
The men's doubles badminton event at the 2015 Pan American Games will be held from July 11–16 at the Atos Markham Pan Am Centre in Toronto. The defending Pan American Games champions are Howard Bach and Tony Gunawan of the United States.

The athletes will be drawn into an elimination stage draw. Once a team lost a match, it will be not longer able to compete. Each match will be contested as the best of three games.
William Morrow and Company
William Morrow and Company is an American publishing company founded by William Morrow in 1926. The company was acquired by Scott Foresman in 1967, sold to Hearst Corporation in 1981, and sold to News Corporation (now News Corp) in 1999. The company is now an imprint of HarperCollins.

William Morrow has published many fiction and non-fiction authors, including Ray Bradbury, Michael Chabon, Beverly Cleary, Neil Gaiman, Erle Stanley Gardner, B. H. Liddell Hart, Elmore Leonard, Steven Levitt, Steven Pinker, Judith Rossner, and Neal Stephenson.

Francis Thayer Hobson was president and later chairman of the board of William Morrow and Company.

Erle Stanley Gardner
Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, 1889 – March 11, 1970) was an American author and lawyer, best known for the Perry Mason series of legal detective stories.  Gardner also wrote numerous other novels and shorter pieces as well as a series of nonfiction books, mostly narrations of his travels through Baja California and other regions in Mexico.

The best-selling American author of the 20th century at the time of his death, Gardner also published under numerous pseudonyms, including A. A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray,  Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, and once as the Perry Mason character Della Street ("The Case of the Suspect Sweethearts"). Three stories were published anonymously: "A Fair Trial", "Part Music and Part Tears", and "You Can't Run Away from Yourself", also known as "The Jazz Baby".
Vitreolina
Vitreolina is a genus of very small parasitic sea snails,  marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in  the Eulimidae family.

This genus was first described by Monterosato in 1884. He proposed it as a section in the family Eulimidae for some of the Mediterranean species. It contains the small vitreous species without internal varices, 
with curved spire and slightly obtuse apex.

Apex (mollusc)
In anatomy, an apex (adjectival form: apical) is part of the shell of a mollusk. The apex is the pointed tip (the oldest part) of the shell of a gastropod, scaphopod, or cephalopod.

The apex is used in end-blown conches.
The Cat from Outer Space
The Cat from Outer Space is a 1978 American science fiction comedy film directed by Norman Tokar (his final film before his death the following year) starring Ken Berry, Sandy Duncan, Harry Morgan, Ronnie Schell, Roddy McDowall and McLean Stevenson.

Produced by Walt Disney Productions, it was shot at the studio's Golden Oak Ranch and Santa Clarita, California. It paired Harry Morgan with McLean Stevenson whom Morgan had replaced on M*A*S*H three years prior.

Ronnie Schell
Ronald Ralph Schell (born December 23, 1931) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He appeared on the May 28, 1959, episode of the TV quiz show You Bet Your Life, hosted by Groucho Marx. Schell demonstrated a comic barrage of beatnik jive talk. As a stand-up comedian, he first developed his act at the hungry i nightclub in San Francisco, California, and is heard (presumably as the opening act) introducing the Kingston Trio at the start of the group's 1962 College Concert album. Schell is probably best known for his 1960s television role as Duke Slater in Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.
Tacoma Defiance
The Tacoma Defiance, formerly Seattle Sounders FC 2, are an American professional soccer team based in the Puget Sound region in Tukwila, Washington, United States. The team competes in MLS Next Pro, a league in the third tier of the United States soccer league system, as the reserve team of Seattle Sounders FC. Formerly, 20 percent of the club was fan-owned through the non-profit Sounders Community Trust.

The club was established in 2014 as Seattle Sounders FC 2 (S2) and originally played at Starfire Sports in Tukwila. The team moved to Tacoma's Cheney Stadium in 2018 and was rebranded as the Defiance the following season. The club operates out of the Sounders headquarters and training facility at Longacres in Renton, Washington.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Khubz al-ʾAbbas
Khubz al-ʾAbbas (Arabic: خبز العباس, lit. 'bread of Abbas,') is a type of flatbread originating in southern Iraq. It is commonly offered as an act of charity during religious ceremonies, and various occasions of celebration or mourning. Its namesake is a reference to Abbas ibn Ali, also known by the kunya Abu al-Fadl (Arabic: أَبو الْفَضْل, lit. 'father of virtue'). The khubz is baked similarly to common bread, but is often served with added vegetables such as celery, parsley, mint, basil leaves, or garden cress. It may also be prepared with meat, cheese, vegetables, and onion.

The name gained popularity on social media through a viral Iraqi video in September 2024, featuring the hosa refrain, "Don't go too far, we'll bake you like khubz al-'Abbas." The phrase refers to the slap of the palm, a key part of the bread’s preparation method.

Refrain
A refrain (from Vulgar Latin: refringere, "to repeat", through Old French: refraindre) is the line or lines that are repeated in poetry or in music—the "chorus" of a song. Poetic fixed forms that feature refrains include the villanelle, the virelay, and the sestina.

In popular music, the refrain or chorus may contrast with the verse melodically, rhythmically, and harmonically; it may assume a higher level of dynamics and activity, often with added instrumentation. Chorus form, or strophic form, is a sectional and/or additive way of structuring a piece of music based on the repetition of one formal section or block played.
2003 Rugby World Cup warm-up matches
Throughout August 2003, various teams prepared for the Rugby World Cup in Australia with a short series of test matches, and involving the Six Nations sides. In addition, Fiji toured New Zealand and South America and Samoa played two matches with provincial teams of New Zealand. Argentina and South Africa played other, not international, Tests.

The tests replaced the Autumn international series in November, which does not take place in World Cup years. There were two tournaments involving teams that were preparing for the World Cup.

The 2003 Tri Nations, with Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

The Pan American championship with Argentina, Canada, United States, Uruguay

There were also a tour of Fiji in New Zealand and South America

Note: this article does not include international results not involving at least one side who had qualified for the 2003 World Cup

Gordon McIlwham
Gordon McIlwham (born 13 November 1969) is a retired Scottish rugby union player for the amateur Glasgow Hawks, the professional teams Glasgow Rugby (now Glasgow Warriors), Bordeaux-Begles and Munster. He played as a Prop. He also played for Scotland at an international level.
Stephen Fry (rugby union)
Stephen Perry Fry (14 July 1924 – 29 June 2002) was a South African rugby union player, most often playing as a flanker. Fry played rugby for his home town of Somerset West and provincial rugby for Western Province. He won 13 caps for the South African national team (the Springboks), and captained the country in four matches against the British Lions.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
2nd Ohio General Assembly
The Second Ohio General Assembly was the second meeting of the Ohio state legislature, composed of the Ohio State Senate and the Ohio House of Representatives.  It convened in Chillicothe, Ohio, on December 5, 1803, and adjourned February 17, 1804. This General Assembly coincided with the second year of Edward Tiffin's first term as Ohio Governor.

Ohio Senate
The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly, the lower house being the Ohio House of Representatives. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session, and is currently Rob McColley.

Currently, the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats, with the Republicans controlling two more seats than the 22 required for a supermajority vote. Senators are limited to two consecutive terms. Each senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans, and each Senate district encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives districts.
Roccati
Roccati is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cristina Roccati (1732–1797), Italian physicist and poet

Francesco Roccati (1908–1969), Italian long-distance runner

Marco Roccati (born 1975), Italian footballer

Cristina Roccati
Cristina Roccati (24 October 1732 in Rovigo – 16 March 1797 in Rovigo) was an Italian physicist and poet who earned a degree at the University of Bologna (1751). This was the third academic qualification ever bestowed on a woman by an Italian university.
Holy Mountains National Nature Park
The Holy Mountains National Nature Park (Ukrainian: Національний природний парк «Святі Гори», romanized: Sv'ati Hory) is located along the chalk cliffs and river terraces of the Donets River in Eastern Ukraine. The national park's boundaries are a patchwork of forested areas stretching along the banks of the Donets. The Holy Mountains of Ukraine contain many archaeological, natural, historical, and recreational sites, including the Sviatohirsk Lavra monastery. The park is located in the administrative districts of Sloviansk (11,957 ha), Lyman (27,665 ha) and Bakhmut; all are in the north of Donetsk Oblast.

Sloviansk Raion
Sloviansk Raion (Ukrainian: Слов'янський район) was a raion of  Donetsk Oblast, located in southeastern Ukraine. The administrative center of the district was the city of Sloviansk, which was separately incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Donetsk Oblast to eight, of which only five were controlled by the government. The last estimate of the raion population was 45,917 (2020 est.).