hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kunma
Kunma (Chinese transcription of Dai: 昆马), known in Wa as Taoh Mie (lit. "source of the Mie River"; Mandarin: 格迈) and in Burmese as Hkun Mar (ခွန်းမား), is a town in the Wa Self-Administered Division, Shan State, Myanmar. It is de facto administered by Wa State.

The town has a diverse population of Bamar, Kokang, Panthay and Wa residents.

Bamar people
The Bamar people (Burmese: ဗမာလူမျိုး, ba. ma lu myui: IPA: [bə.mà lù mjó]; also known as Burmese people or Burmans) are a Sino-Tibetan-speaking ethnic group native to Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). With an estimated population of around 35 million people, they are the largest ethnic group in Myanmar, accounting for 68.78% of the country's total population. The geographic homeland of the Bamar is the Irrawaddy River basin. The Bamar speak the Burmese language which serves as the national language and lingua franca of Myanmar.
Émile Bertrand
Émile Bertrand (1844–1909) was a French mineralogist, in honour of whom bertrandite was named by Alexis Damour.  He also gave his name to the Bertrand lens or phase telescope.

He studied at the Ecole des Mines in Paris and was a co-founder of the Société française de minéralogie et de cristallographie. He wrote a book on the application of microscopy to mineralogical studies, "De l'Application du microscope à l'étude de la minéralogie" (1878); published a translation of Ernst Mach's work on the history of mechanics, "La mécanique: exposé historique et critique de son développement" (1904); and is credited with the design of a refractometer.

Refractometer
A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction (refractometry).  The index of refraction is calculated from the observed refraction angle using Snell's law. For mixtures, the index of refraction then allows  the concentration to be determined using mixing rules such as the Gladstone–Dale relation and Lorentz–Lorenz equation.
Olive Furnace
Olive Furnace, also known as Mount Olive Furnace, is a historic iron furnace site on State Route 93 at Township Road 239 (Olive Branch Rd.), north of Pedro, Ohio in Washington Township, Lawrence County, Ohio. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 12, 2007.  The Mt. Olive Furnace Park Corporation currently owns the site and is planning to proceed with the restoration of the buildings surrounding the old stack and arch.

Lawrence County, Ohio
Lawrence County is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,240. Its county seat is Ironton. The county was created in 1815 and later organized in 1817. It is named for James Lawrence, the naval officer famous for the line "do not give up the ship".
Lawrence County is part of the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area.
Yitzhak-Meir Levin
Yitzhak-Meir Levin (Hebrew: יצחק-מאיר לוין; 30 January 1893 – 7 August 1971) was a Haredi politician in Poland and Israel. One of 37 people to sign the Israeli declaration of independence, he served in several Israeli cabinets and was a longtime leader and Knesset minister for Agudat Yisrael and related parties.

Agudat Yisrael
Agudat Yisrael (Hebrew: אֲגוּדָּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, romanized: Agudath Israel, lit. 'Union of Israel'; Ashkenazi Hebrew: Agudas Yisroel) is a Haredi Jewish political party in Israel. It began as a political party representing Haredi Jews in Poland, originating in the Agudath Israel movement in Upper Silesia. It later became the party of many Haredim in Israel. It was the umbrella party for many, though not all, Haredi Jews in Israel until the 1980s, as it had been during the British Mandate of Palestine.

Since the 1980s it has become a predominantly Hasidic party, though it often combines with the Degel HaTorah non-Hasidic Ashkenazi Haredi party for elections and coalition-forming (although not with the Sephardi and Mizrahi Haredi party Shas). When so combined, they are known together as United Torah Judaism.
Madarihat
Madarihat (also referred to as Uttar Madarihat) is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Madarihat-Birpara CD block in the Alipurduar subdivision of the Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India. This town is situated on the outskirts of Jaldapara National Park, which is famous for being home of Indian rhinoceros. This is one of the main tourist spots in North Bengal, surrounded by tea gardens, forests, hills, and small rivers, and also having highly diverse population. Madarihat is also world famous for the local wooden furniture.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
This Is the Place for a Song
This Is the Place for a Song or This Is the Place for a Song: A Melbourne Celebration of World Music is a compilation album by various Australian artists, released in May 2005. It consists of 14 cover versions of Melbourne-associated tracks in different styles, with some in different languages. The album was organised by Paul Stewart and Gil Santos (from the Dili Allstars) and it was created to raise awareness of Melbourne's Immigration Museum and was sponsored by the Victorian Multicultural Commission with a grant of $10,000. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2005 it received a nomination for Best World Music Album.

Immigration Museum, Melbourne
The Immigration Museum focuses on Melbourne and Victoria's immigration history.

First opened in 1998 as a division of Museums Victoria, Immigration Museum is located at the restored Customs House building on Flinders Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Sir George Elliot, 1st Baronet
Sir George Elliot, 1st Baronet, JP (18 March 1814 – 23 December 1893) was a mining engineer and self-made businessman from Gateshead in North East England. A colliery labourer who went on to own several coal mines, he later bought a wire rope manufacturing company which manufactured the first Transatlantic telegraph cable. He was also a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP).

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Elcesaites
The Elcesaites, Elkasaites, Elkesaites or Elchasaites were an ancient Jewish Christian sect in Lower Mesopotamia, then the province of Asoristan in the Sasanian Empire that was active between the early second century and the fifth century CE. The members of this sect, which originated in the Transjordan, performed frequent baptisms for purification and had a Gnostic orientation.: 123

The movement blended elements of Second Temple Judaism, early Jewish Christianity, Gnosticism, and apocalyptic mysticism, and it is primarily known through the writings of early Church Fathers such as Hippolytus of Rome, Origen, and Epiphanius of Salamis.

The name of the sect derives from the alleged founder, Elkhasaí (Koine Greek: Ἠλχασαΐ in Hippolytus), Elksai (Ἠλξαί in Epiphanius), or Elkesai (Ελκεσαΐ in Eusebius, and Theodoret).

Ritual purification
Ritual purification is a ritual prescribed by a religion through which a person is considered to be freed of uncleanliness, especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. Ritual uncleanliness is not identical with ordinary physical impurity, such as dirt stains; nevertheless, body fluids are generally considered ritually unclean.

Most of these rituals existed long before the germ theory of disease, and figure prominently from the earliest known religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Some writers connect the rituals to taboos.

Some have described a 'dimension of purity' that is universal in religions that seeks to move humans away from disgust (at one extreme), to uplift them towards purity and divinity (at the other extreme), away from uncleanliness to purity, and away from deviant to moral behavior (within one's cultural context).
Ron Dunlap (basketball)
Ron Dunlap (December 2, 1946 – October 28, 2019) was an American professional basketball player from Illinois.  Dunlap, a high school center from Farragut Academy, went on to play for the Illinois Fighting Illini for one year (1965–66). He was a member of the freshman squad during the 1964–65 season and played a key role on the 1965–66 varsity squad, additionally, he started the 1966–67 season with the team and was subsequently dismissed as part of the "slush fund" investigation.  Dunlap scored 161 career points with 169 rebounds while only playing 28 games for the Fighting Illini.

Farragut Career Academy
Farragut Career Academy High School is a public 4–year high school located in the Little Village neighborhood on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. As a career academy, Farragut emphasizes a curriculum that combines academic instruction with work-study experiences and vocational training. In addition to education-to-careers clusters, Farragut is also home to the General Patton JROTC program, which functions as a school-within-a-school. The school's service area includes North Lawndale and South Lawndale.
Singhkhor
Sihokhore  is a village development committee in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3902 people living in 646 individual households.

Lumbini Zone
Lumbini (Nepali: लुम्बिनी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. Within the zone is the city of Lumbini, widely believed to be the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism and renowned as a major Buddhist pilgrimage site. The zone's headquarters was Butwal.
WXMG (FM)
WXMG (95.5 MHz "Magic 95.5") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Lancaster, Ohio, and serving the Columbus metropolitan area.  It is owned by Urban One and broadcasts an urban adult contemporary radio format.  WXMG carries nationally syndicated shows from Rickey Smiley, D.L. Hughley and Al B. Sure!  The radio studios and offices are on East First Avenue in Columbus.

WXMG's effective radiated power (ERP) is 21,000 watts. The transmitter is on Stoney Hill Road SW in Delmont, Ohio, near U.S. Route 22.

Rickey Smiley
Broderick Dornell "Rickey" Smiley (born August 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, actor, and radio personality known for his prank phone calls. The calls feature Smiley disguising his voice carrying a conversation with the recipient of the call.  He is the host of the nationally syndicated Rickey Smiley Morning Show based in Dallas from its flagship affiliate KZMJ "Majic 94.5". He starred in a sitcom, The Rickey Smiley Show, which aired on TV One. He is also a featured columnist on the Fox-produced tabloid nationally-syndicated TV show Dish Nation. In 2015, Smiley appears on Rickey Smiley For Real, a reality television series about his life.
Beef cattle
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk (production)). The meat of mature or almost mature cattle is mostly known as beef.
In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.  The production cycle of the animals starts at cow-calf operations; this operation is designed specifically to breed cows for their offspring. From here the calves are backgrounded for a feedlot. Animals grown specifically for the feedlot are known as feeder cattle, the goal of these animals is fattening. Animals not grown for a feedlot are typically female and are commonly known as replacement heifers.
While the principal use of beef cattle is meat production, other uses include leather, and beef by-products used in candy, shampoo, cosmetics, and insulin.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Threatened ecological community
Threatened ecological community is a term used in Australia for ecosystems that are in danger of being lost due to some threatening process. Federally, threatened ecological communities are identified and protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Some states also have legislation to cover these. In New South Wales, for example, ecosystems may be gazetted as threatened under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, and in Western Australia they may be protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950.

Wildlife Conservation Act 1950
The Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 is an act of the Western Australian Parliament that provides the statute relating to conservation and legal protection of flora and fauna. It was replaced by the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (WA) on 3 December 2016, and finally repealed as of 1 January 2019 when the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 and the Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2018 became current.

The Act was supplemented periodically by Notices, which are lists of species subject to protection under the Act, for example the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice 2008(2).  The lists are arranged in Schedules according to level of vulnerability. Schedule 1 is "Fauna that is rare or is likely to become extinct" or "Extant [flora] taxa"; Schedule 2 is "Fauna presumed to be extinct" or [Flora] "Taxa presumed to be extinct".
Körös-Maros National Park
Körös-Maros National Park is one of the 10 national parks in Hungary (area 501.34 km2), located in Békés county, in the Southern Great Plain. The park was created in 1997 for the protection of birds.

Körös-Maros National Park has a number of regions such as Kis-Sárrét swamp, Fáspuszta, Mágor-puszta or Kardoskúti Fehértó. It features a bustard reserve established in 1975. The major towns of the area are Szarvas and Dévaványa.

The great flocks of birds that can be seen during the autumn migration season at Lake Fehér near Kardoskút. The lake is used as a resting place and nesting site by tens of thousands of plovers, cranes and wild ducks. The reserve at Dévaványa is a refuge for the great bustard, the ostrich of the Hungarian puszta.

Békés County
Békés (Hungarian: Békés vármegye, pronounced [ˈbeːkeːʃ], Romanian: Județul Bichiș) is an administrative division (county or vármegye) in south-eastern Hungary, on the border with Romania. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Csongrád-Csanád, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, and Hajdú-Bihar. The capital of Békés county is Békéscsaba. The county is also part of the Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisa euroregion.
David Baazov
David Baazov (Georgian: დავით ბააზოვი; 1883–1947) was a Georgian-Jewish public and religious figure who spearheaded the Zionist movement in Georgia. His program was an amalgam of moderate orthodox religiosity, enlightenment, and Zionism. He was born in Tskhinvali, South Ossetia, Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire) into a family of rabbis. He was educated in Jewish philosophy and history at Slutsk and Vilnius where he became exposed to Zionist ideas.

Slutsk
Slutsk is a town in Minsk Region, in central Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slutsk District, and is located on the Sluch River 105 km (65 mi) south of the capital Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 59,450.
John Huh
John Chan-su Huh (/ˈhʌ/; Korean: 허찬수, romanized: Heo Chan-su; born May 21, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. His sole victory on the PGA Tour came at the 2012 Mayakoba Golf Classic.

Romanization of Korean
The romanization of Korean is the use of the Latin script to transcribe the Korean language.

There are multiple romanization systems in common use. The two most prominent systems are McCune–Reischauer (MR) and Revised Romanization (RR). MR is almost universally used in Western academic Korean studies, and a variant of it has been the official system of North Korea since 1992. RR is the official system of South Korea and has been in use since 2000.

The earliest romanization systems for Korean emerged around the mid-19th century. Due to a number of factors, including the properties of the Korean language and alphabet, as well as social and geopolitical issues, a single settled standard did not emerge. By 1934, there were 27 extant romanization systems, and by 1997, there were over 40.
Antonionian (album)
Antonionian is the debut studio album by American multi-instrumentalist Jordan Dalrymple under the Antonionian moniker. It was released on Anticon in 2011. Music videos were created for "Into the Night" and "The Ride".

Anticon
Anticon (often styled as anticon.) was an independent record label/collective based in Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 1998 by seven musicians and manager Baillie Parker. It was collectively owned among six musicians, co-founder Parker, and manager Shaun Koplow. The original musicians signed to Anticon were once referred to as the Anticon collective. Following the death of one of its founding members in 2018, the label dissolved.
Substantive Patent Law Treaty
The Substantive Patent Law Treaty (SPLT) is a proposed international patent law treaty aimed at harmonizing substantive points of patent law. In contrast with the Patent Law Treaty (PLT), signed in 2000 and now in force, which only relates to formalities, the SPLT aims at going far beyond formalities to harmonize substantive requirements such as novelty, inventive step and non-obviousness, industrial applicability and utility, as well as sufficient disclosure, unity of invention, or claim drafting and interpretation.

Delegations did not reach agreement as to the modalities and scope of the future work of the committee. As a result, the negotiations were put on hold in 2006.

Inventive step and non-obviousness
The inventive step and non-obviousness reflect a general patentability requirement present in most patent laws, according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive—i.e., non-obvious—in order to be patented. In other words, "[the] nonobviousness principle asks whether the invention is an adequate distance beyond or above the state of the art".

The expression "inventive step" is used in European Patent Convention and in Patent Cooperation Treaty, while the expression "non-obviousness" is predominantly used in United States patent law. The expression "inventiveness" is sometimes used as well. Although the basic principle is roughly the same, the assessment of the inventive step and non-obviousness varies from one country to another. For instance, the practice of the European Patent Office (EPO) differs from the practice in the United Kingdom.
Angelo Mozilo
Angelo Robert Mozilo (December 16, 1938 – July 16, 2023) was an American mortgage industry banker who was co-founder, chairman of the board, and chief executive officer of mortgage giant Countrywide Financial until July 1, 2008. Mozilo retired shortly after the sale to Bank of America for a total of $4.1 billion in stock. The company's status as a major lender of subprime mortgages made it a central player in a subsequent mortgage crisis which collapsed the industry, bursting a housing bubble which had accumulated throughout the 2000s, and contributing heavily to the Great Recession. Mozilo later paid over $67 million in fines to settle a series of federal charges related to his conduct at the company.

Inside Job (2010 film)
Inside Job is a 2010 American documentary film, directed by Charles Ferguson, about the 2008 financial crisis. Ferguson, who began researching in 2008, said the film is about "the systemic corruption of the United States by the financial services industry and the consequences of that systemic corruption", amongst them conflicts of interest of academic research, which led to improved disclosure standards by the American Economic Association. In five parts, the film explores how changes in the policy environment and banking practices led to the 2008 financial crisis.

The film was acclaimed by film critics, who praised its pacing, research, and exposition of complex material. It was screened at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival in May 2010 and, on February 27, 2011, won Best Documentary Feature at the 83rd Academy Awards.
Terry Sejnowski
Terrence Joseph Sejnowski (US: /ˌseɪˈnɒvskɪ/; born 13 August 1947) is the Francis Crick Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies where he directs the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory and is the director of the Crick-Jacobs center for theoretical and computational biology. He has performed research in neural networks and computational neuroscience.

Sejnowski is also Professor of Biological Sciences and adjunct professor in the departments of neurosciences, psychology, cognitive science, computer science and engineering at the University of California, San Diego, where he is co-director of the Institute for Neural Computation. In 2025, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

With Barbara Oakley, he co-created and taught Learning How To Learn: Powerful mental tools to help you master tough subjects, the world's most popular online course, available on Coursera.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."