hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Winson, Gloucestershire
Winson is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of the English county of Gloucestershire. The village lies next to the River Coln, 6 miles (9.7 km) north east of Cirencester. Winson has a parish meeting rather than a parish council.

The Church of England parish church of St Michael's dates to before the mid 12th century.

Winson Manor is a grade II* listed country house built in around 1740 for Richard Howse, Surgeon-General to the Army.

The village wheelwright was Walter Field until he retired in around 1960. He displayed his collection of coach and wagon building tools and farming implements in a private museum. When Field retired the business closed and some of his woodworking tools were purchased by the Museum of English Rural Life.

River Coln
The River Coln is a river in Gloucestershire, England.  It rises to the north of Brockhampton, a village to the east of Cheltenham, and flows in a south/south-easterly direction through the Cotswold Hills via Andoversford, Withington, Fossebridge, Bibury, Coln St Aldwyns, Quenington and Fairford. It joins the River Thames to the south-west of Lechlade, near to the confluence with the Thames and Severn Canal.

Midway between Withington and Fossbridge the river passes Chedworth Roman Villa.

Extensive gravel pits between Fairford and Lechlade, now redundant, have been flooded to form the eastern component of the Cotswold Water Park. They are fed and drained by the Coln.

The river is host to many species of freshwater fish including brown trout and grayling.
Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum-Nano Centre
Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum-Nano Centre (also known as Quantum Nano Centre, or simply QNC) is a research and development laboratory for quantum information science and nanotechnology at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The facilities are shared by the Waterloo Institute for Quantum Computing, the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology and the Nanotechnology Engineering program at the University of Waterloo.

Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.
Red Oldham
John Cyrus "Red" Oldham (July 15, 1893 – January 28, 1961) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played five years with the Detroit Tigers (1914–1915, 1920–1922) and two years with the Pittsburgh Pirates (1925–1926). He pitched the final inning of the 1925 World Series for the Pirates, striking out Goose Goslin to end the game and the series.

Adjusted ERA+
Adjusted ERA+, often simply abbreviated to ERA+ or ERA plus, is a pitching statistic in baseball. It adjusts a pitcher's earned run average (ERA) according to the pitcher's ballpark (in case the ballpark favors batters or pitchers) and the ERA of the pitcher's league.
Dorothy Rogers Tilly
Dorothy Eugenia Rogers Tilly (June 30, 1883 – March 16, 1970) was an American civil rights activist from the Progressive Era until her death. She was a noted activist in the Women's Missionary Society (WMS), Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, Southern Regional Council, Fulton-DeKalb Commission on Interracial Cooperation, and Fellowship of the Concerned (FOC). She was also appointed to the President's Committee on Civil Rights in 1946 by Harry S. Truman.

Tilly was a member of Phi Mu fraternity and also an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta.

Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
The Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL) was a women's organization founded by Jessie Daniel Ames in Atlanta, Georgia in November 1930, to lobby and campaign against the lynching of African Americans. The group was made up of middle and upper-class white women. While active, the group had "a presence in every county in the South" of the United States. It was loosely organized and only accepted white women as members because they "believed that only white women could influence other white women." Many of the women involved were also members of missionary societies. Along with the Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), the ASWPL had an important effect on popular opinion among whites relating to lynching.
Sheep River (Alberta)
The Sheep River is located in southwestern Alberta, Canada, and is part of the Bow River watershed.  The river begins in the mountain valleys of Elbow-Sheep Wildland Provincial Park, passes through Sheep River Provincial Park, and joins the Highwood River about 8 km east of Okotoks. The Sheep River provides drinking water for the towns of Diamond Valley, and Okotoks.

Diamond Valley, Alberta
Diamond Valley is a town in the Calgary Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada within Foothills County. It is at the intersection of Highway 22 (Cowboy Trail) and Highway 7. It was established through the amalgamation of the former towns of Black Diamond and Turner Valley on January 1, 2023.

Diamond Valley is home to several local businesses, including the Black Diamond Hotel and the Chuckwagon Cafe, which was featured on the television series You Gotta Eat Here!.
Hans Wagner (bobsleigh)
Hans Wagner is a West German bobsledder who competed in the late 1970s. He won the gold medal in the four-man event at the 1979 FIBT World Championships in Königssee.

Wagner also finished seventh in the four-man event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.
Bare-metal server
In computer networking, a bare-metal server or physical server is a computer server that is not a virtual machine, typically used by one consumer, or tenant, only. Each server offered for rental is a distinct physical piece of hardware that is a functional server on its own. They are not virtual servers running in multiple pieces of shared hardware.

The term is used for distinguishing between servers that can host multiple tenants and which use virtualisation and cloud hosting. Unlike bare-metal servers, cloud servers are shared between multiple tenants. Each bare-metal server may run any amount of work for a user, or have multiple simultaneous users, but they are dedicated entirely to the entity who is renting them.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
John Blake Powell
John Blake Powell, PC (Ire), KC (1870 – 13 September 1923) was an Irish solicitor, barrister and judge.

He was the eldest son of  John Powell of Ballytivan House, Sligo. In 1889, he married Catherine O'Sullivan Morris.

Originally qualifying as a solicitor, he was called to the Bar in 1894. From 1904 to 1914 he was Senior Crown Prosecutor for County Leitrim and from 1914 to 1918 held the same position in County Sligo. He took silk in 1905 and was elected a bencher in 1909. He was a delegate to the Irish Convention in 1917–1918. In 1918 he briefly served as Solicitor-General for Ireland.

In 1918 he was appointed a judge of the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice in Ireland, remaining in this post in the High Court of the Irish Free State until his death.

He was appointed to the Privy Council of Ireland in the 1920 Birthday Honours, allowing him to use the style "The Right Honourable".

High Court (Ireland)
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies.
The Phantom (1996 film)
The Phantom is a 1996 superhero film directed by Simon Wincer. Based on Lee Falk's comic strip The Phantom by King Features, the film stars Billy Zane as a seemingly immortal crimefighter and his battle against all forms of evil. The Phantom also stars Treat Williams, Kristy Swanson, Catherine Zeta-Jones, James Remar and Patrick McGoohan.

Principal photography began in October 1995 and concluded on February 13, 1996. The film was shot in California, Thailand and Australia.

The Phantom was released on June 7, 1996, and received mixed reviews from film critics. Despite financial failure in its theatrical release, the film has enjoyed success on VHS, DVD and Blu-ray, and has developed a cult following.

Superhero film
The superhero film is a film genre categorized by the presence of superhero characters, individuals with extraordinary abilities who are dedicated to fighting crime, saving the world, or helping the innocent. It is sometimes considered a sub-genre of the action film genre and has evolved into one of the most financially successful film genres worldwide. These films focus on superhuman abilities, advanced technology, mystical phenomena, or exceptional physical and mental skills that enable these heroes to fight for the common good or defeat a supervillain antagonist.

Superhero films typically include genre elements of romance, comedy, fantasy, and science fiction, with large instances of the superhero genre predominantly occupied and produced by American media franchises DC and Marvel, originally adaptations of their existing works of superhero comic books. Individual superhero films frequently contain a character's origin story.
Aulonemia haenkei
Aulonemia haenkei is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is a bamboo native to Ecuador and Peru.

The species was first described as Arthrostylidium haenkei by Franz Josef Ruprecht in 1839. In 1973 Floyd Alonzo McClure placed the species in genus Aulonemia as A. haenkei.

Floyd Alonzo McClure
Floyd Alonzo McClure (14 August 1897, Shelby County, Ohio – 15 April 1970, Bethesda, Maryland) was an American botanist and plant collector. He was one of the world's leading experts on bamboo and worked in China for 24 years.
The Spaniard (film)
The Spaniard is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by Raoul Walsh, written by Juanita Savage and James T. O'Donohoe, and starring Ricardo Cortez, Jetta Goudal, Noah Beery, Sr., Mathilde Brundage, Renzo De Gardi, and Emily Fitzroy. It was released on May 4, 1925, by Paramount Pictures.

Noah Beery
Noah Nicholas Beery (January 17, 1882 – April 1, 1946) was an American actor who appeared in films from 1913 until his death in 1946. He was the older brother of Academy Award-winning actor Wallace Beery as well as the father of character actor Noah Beery Jr. He was billed as either Noah Beery or Noah Beery Sr. depending upon the film.
Pick Everard
Pick Everard is a UK-based multi-disciplinary consultancy, operating primarily in the built environment. The company was founded in Leicester in 1866 as an engineering and architectural practice. It grew to become a national practice with over 700 employees and 13 UK offices including a head office in Leicester and offices in Glasgow, London, Cardiff and Manchester. It is a subsidiary of Artelia.

Everards
Everards is a regional brewery based in Leicester and founded in 1849 by William Everard and Thomas Hull. It produces cask ales and owns over 170 tenanted pubs, mainly around the Leicestershire area. Its chairman is fifth generation Richard Everard.
FC Kuban Krasnodar (2018)
PFC Kuban Krasnodar (Known as FC Urozhay from 2018 to 2020, Russian: Профессиональный футбольный клуб «Кубань») is a Russian football team based in Krasnodar. It was founded on 4 June 2018. It plays the third-tier Russian Second League (Division A).

The club is colloquially seen by some to be the successor to FC Kuban Krasnodar, which dissolved in 2018 before being restarted at a regional level, although it is legally not permitted to claim its heritage.

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
Nicholas Crispo, Lord of Syros
Nicholas Crispo, Patrizio Veneto (or Niccolò; 1392–1450), became Lord of Syros in 1420 and Regent of the Duchy of the Archipelago between 1447 and 1450. He was a son of Francesco I Crispo, tenth Duke of the Archipelago, and wife Fiorenza I Sanudo, Lady of Milos, and brother of Dukes Giacomo I, John II and William II.

Syros
Syros (Greek: Σύρος [ˈsiros]), also known as Siros or Syra, is a Greek island in the Cyclades, in the Aegean Sea. It is 78 nautical miles (144 km) south-east of Athens. The area of the island is 83.6 km2 (32 sq mi) and at the 2021 census it had 21,124 inhabitants.

The largest towns are Ermoupoli, Ano Syros, and Vari. Ermoupoli is the capital of the island, the Cyclades, and the South Aegean. It has always been a significant port town, and during the 19th century it was even more significant than Piraeus. Other villages are Galissas, Foinikas, Pagos, Manna, Kini, Azolimnos and Poseidonia.
Can Live Music (Live 1971–1977)
Can Live Music (Live 1971–1977) is a double live album by the band Can, released in 1999 and recorded in the UK and West Germany between 1972 and 1977 (despite the title referencing 1971). It was originally included in the now out-of-print Can box set, Can Box.

The album contains several free improvisations ("Jynx", "Fizz", "Colchester Finale" and "Kata Kong") that were titled for this release, and are not songs from any of Can's studio albums. The extended version of "Spoon" is from the same show appearing in the film Can Free Concert 1972 by Peter Przygodda, which was also included as part of Can Box.

In 2021, Mute Records released Live in Brighton 1975, which includes full versions of the tracks titled "Dizzy Dizzy" and "Vernal Equinox" on Can Live Music. Because these tracks are actually improvisations on the themes of those songs, they are titled numerically (as "Drei" and "Vier" respectively) as with the other tracks on Live in Brighton 1975.

Damo Suzuki
Kenji Suzuki (鈴木健次, Suzuki Kenji; 16 January 1950 – 9 February 2024), known as Damo Suzuki (ダモ鈴木), was a Japanese musician best known as the vocalist for the German Krautrock group Can between 1970 and 1973. Born in 1950 in Kobe, Japan, he moved to Europe in 1967 where he was spotted busking in Munich, West Germany, by Can bassist Holger Czukay and drummer Jaki Liebezeit. Can had just split with their vocalist Malcolm Mooney, and asked Suzuki to sing over tracks from their 1970 compilation album Soundtracks. Afterwards, he became their full time singer, appearing on the three influential albums Tago Mago (1971), Ege Bamyası (1972) and Future Days (1973).

After leaving Can in 1973, he abandoned music and became a Jehovah's Witness. Having left that organisation, he returned to music in the mid-1980s and began to tour widely. Over the following decades, Suzuki recorded a large number of albums under different aliases, which he later grouped as "Damo Suzuki's Network".
Massacre of Feodosia
The Massacre of Feodosia was a war crime by the Red Army against 160 wounded Wehrmacht POWs between December 29, 1941 and January 1, 1942. The massacre was notable for the relatively high number of victims and the "needless cruelty demonstrated" by the perpetrators, who froze victims into ice alive.

Feodosia
Feodosia (Ukrainian: Феодосія, Теодосія, Feodosiia, Teodosiia; Russian: Феодосия, tr. Feodosiya), also called in English Theodosia (from Greek: Θεοδοσία), is a city on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea. Feodosia serves as the administrative center of Feodosia Municipality, one of the regions into which Crimea is divided. During much of its history, the city was a significant settlement known as Caffa (Ligurian: Cafà) or Kaffa (Old Crimean Tatar/Ottoman Turkish: کفه‎; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe). According to the 2014 census, its population was 69,145.
Boccia at the 2015 Parapan American Games
Boccia competitions at the 2015 Parapan American Games in Toronto were held from August 8 to 11 at the Abilities Centre, in Whitby, Ontario. All Boccia competitions were mixed (men and women competed together equally).

Boccia
Boccia (/ˈbɒtʃə/ BOTCH-ə) is a precision ball sport, similar to bocce, and related to bowls and pétanque. The name "boccia" is derived from the Latin word for "boss" – bottia. The sport is contested at local, national and international levels by athletes with severe physical disabilities.  It was originally designed to be played by people with cerebral palsy but now includes athletes with other severe disabilities affecting motor skills.  In 1984, it became a Paralympic sport and as of 2020, 75 boccia national organizations have joined one or more of the international organizations. Boccia is governed by the Boccia International Sports Federation (BISFed) and is one of two Paralympic sports (along with goalball) that have no counterpart in the Olympic program, although it is a Paralympic variant of bocce (boules).
Hay Island (New Brunswick)
Hay Island is an undeveloped island in the Grand Manan Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada in the Bay of Fundy.

It has spruce and fir trees, and is connected to Kent Island by a 300 metre intertidal zone that surfaces at low tide.

In 1991, Hay and Sheep Island were still owned by Owen and Jack Ingalls. Bowdoin College purchased the islands in 2004.

Grand Manan Parish, New Brunswick
Grand Manan is a geographic parish in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, comprising one village and part of a rural district; the rural district portion was formerly a local service district (LSD); both of which are members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC). The parish includes Grand Manan Island and numerous lesser islands, only one of which has permanent year-round inhabitants.

Confusion is sometimes caused by other uses of the name: epenthesis of Grand Manan Island to Grand Manan; the village of Grand Manan; the census subdivision of Grand Manan Parish, which includes only White Head Island; and the assumption of an LSD with the name of Grand Manan, which never existed.
Henry Twombly
Henry Bancroft "Deac" Twombly (November 10, 1862 – February 28, 1955) was an American college football player and lawyer. He is known for inventing quarterback signals. He played quarterback for the Yale Bulldogs football team of Yale University from 1881 to 1883. He helped lead Yale to a 21–0–1 record over three seasons. All three of those Yale teams were later recognized as national champions. Walter Camp played in the same backfield on the 1881 Yale Bulldogs football team.

Twombly graduated from Yale in 1884 and from Harvard Law School in 1886. During this legal career, Twombly was a senior partner of Putney, Twombly, Hall & Skidmore located at the City Investing Building in Manhattan. He participated the incorporation of General Electric and the Otis Elevator Company. Twombly died on February 28, 1955, at his home in Summit, New Jersey. At the time of his death, he was last living man who played football at Yale with Camp.

Otis Worldwide
Otis Worldwide Corporation (branded as the Otis Elevator Company, its former legal name) styled as OTIS   is an American company that develops, manufactures and markets 
elevators, escalators, moving walkways, and related equipment.

Based in Farmington, Connecticut, U.S., Otis is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transportation systems, principally focusing on elevators, escalators, and moving walkways. The company pioneered the development of the "safety elevator", invented by Elisha Otis in 1852, which used a special mechanism that locked the elevator car in place against hoisting rope failure.

The Otis Elevator Company was acquired by United Technologies in 1976, and was spun off as an independent company 44 years later in April 2020 as Otis Worldwide Corporation.

Its slogan is "Made to move you".
Degenerate Art auction
In 1939 the Gallery Fischer in Lucerne organized an auction of "degenerate" art confiscated by the Nazis. The auction took place on 30 June 1939 in the Grand Hotel National. The auction received considerable international interest, but many of the bidders who were expected to attend were absent because they were worried the proceeds would be used by the Nazi regime.

Lovis Corinth
Lovis Corinth (21 July 1858 – 17 July 1925) was a German artist and writer whose mature work as a painter and printmaker realized a synthesis of impressionism and expressionism.

Corinth studied in Paris and Munich, joined the Berlin Secession group, later succeeding Max Liebermann as the group's president. His early work was naturalistic in approach. Corinth was initially antagonistic towards the expressionist movement, but after a stroke in 1911 his style loosened and took on many expressionistic qualities. His use of color became more vibrant, and he created portraits and landscapes of extraordinary vitality and power. Corinth's subject matter also included nudes and biblical scenes.