hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hanany–Witten transition
In theoretical physics the Hanany–Witten transition, also called the Hanany–Witten effect, refers to any process in a superstring theory in which two p-branes cross resulting in the creation or destruction of a third p-brane.  A special case of this process was first discovered by Amihay Hanany and Edward Witten in 1996.  All other known cases of Hanany–Witten transitions are related to the original case via combinations of S-dualities and T-dualities. This effect can be expanded to string theory, 2 strings cross together resulting in the creation or destruction of a third string.

Edward Witten
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Witten is a researcher in string theory, quantum gravity, supersymmetric quantum field theories, and other areas of mathematical physics. Witten's work has also significantly impacted pure mathematics. In 1990, he became the first physicist to be awarded a Fields Medal by the International Mathematical Union, for his mathematical insights in physics, such as his 1981 proof of the positive energy theorem in general relativity, and his interpretation of the Jones invariants of knots as Feynman integrals. He is considered the practical founder of M-theory.
Xingkang Bridge
The Xingkang Bridge or Luding Yaye Expressway Bridge as is a suspension bridge in Luding County, Sichuan, China that opened in 2018. The 285 m (935 ft) high deck is one of the highest in world. The bridge forms part of the G4218 Ya'an–Kargilik Expressway carrying traffic over the Dadu River. The bridge began construction in 2014 and opened in 2018. The main span of the bridge is 1,100 m (3,600 ft) making it one of the longest ever built.

The bridge is located just 2 kilometres upstream from the Luding Dam and crosses the reservoir formed by the dam. Although the bridge is 285 metres above the original river the bridge sits 235 metres above the reservoir. The bridge was constructed as part of the new expressway from Ya'an to Kangding massively reducing travel times in the area.

Ya'an
30°00′36″N 103°02′29″E﻿ / ﻿30.0100°N 103.0415°E﻿ / 30.0100; 103.0415

Ya'an (Chinese: 雅安; pinyin: Yǎ'ān; Wade–Giles: Ya-an) is a prefecture-level city in the western part of Sichuan province, China, located just below the Tibetan Plateau. The city is home to Sichuan Agricultural University, the only 211 Project university and the largest regional comprehensive university in Ya'an. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Ya'an has a population of 1,434,603.
The Vineyard (Bel Air, Maryland)
The Vineyard is a historic home and farm complex located at Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a cluster of buildings on a knoll in the center of a 310-acre (130 ha) working grain and livestock farm. The main house is a large stone structure, the oldest section of which comprises a two-story side stairhall / double parlor dwelling built about 1804. Two bays were added to the old house around 1870.  Historically significant outbuildings, include two structures (a dairy/smokehouse, and an ice house.

The Vineyard was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
Municipality of Trebnje
The Municipality of Trebnje (pronounced [ˈtɾeːbnjɛ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Trebnje) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The seat of the municipality is the town of Trebnje.

The municipality was established on 3 October 1994. It was increased in size on 6 August 1998, when the settlements of Kostanjevica and Ravne nad Šentrupertom were transferred to the municipality from the neighboring Municipality of Litija. It was then reduced in size on 13 June 2006 with the formation of the new municipalities of Mokronog-Trebelno and Šentrupert from the municipality's territory. On February 26, 2011, Trebnje was again reduced in size when the Municipality of Mirna was reestablished.

Ravne nad Šentrupertom
Ravne nad Šentrupertom (pronounced [ˈɾáːwnɛ nat ʃɛnˈtɾúːpɛɾtɔm, - ʃənˈ-]) is a small settlement in the hills north of Šentrupert in the Lower Carniola region of southeastern Slovenia. The entire Municipality of Šentrupert is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Enolase 2
Gamma-enolase, also known as enolase 2 (ENO2) or neuron specific enolase (NSE), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENO2 gene. Gamma-enolase is a phosphopyruvate hydratase.

Gamma-enolase is one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. A switch from alpha enolase to gamma enolase occurs in neural tissue during development in rats and primates.

Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue, also called neural tissue, is the main tissue component of the nervous system. The nervous system regulates and controls body functions and activity. It consists of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the branching peripheral nerves. It is composed of neurons, also known as nerve cells, which receive and transmit impulses to and from it, and neuroglia, also known as glial cells or glia, which assist the propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide nutrients to the neurons.

Nervous tissue is made up of different types of neurons, all of which have an axon. An axon is the long stem-like part of the cell that sends action potentials to the next cell. Bundles of axons make up the nerves in the PNS and tracts in the CNS.

Functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity.
Union Square, Boston
Union Square is a square in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts at the intersection of Cambridge Street and Brighton Avenue/North Beacon Street.  Union Square is serviced by the MBTA 57, 64, 66, 501, and 503 buses. There is also a station for the Blue Bikes bicycle sharing system in Union Square.

Bicycle-sharing system
A bicycle-sharing system, bike share program, public bicycle scheme, or public bike share (PBS) scheme, is a shared transport service where bicycles or electric bicycles are available for shared use by individuals at low cost.

The programmes themselves include both docking and dockless systems; docking systems allow users to rent a bike from a dock (i.e. a technology-enabled bicycle rack) and return at another node or dock within the system, while dockless systems offer a node-free system relying on smart technology. In either format, systems may incorporate smartphone web mapping to locate available bikes and docks.

With its antecedents in grassroots mid-1960s efforts, by 2022, bike share schemes were offered by approximately 3,000 cities worldwide, including Dubai, New York, Paris, Mexico City, Montreal and Barcelona.
Al-Maasara Engineering Industries
The Al-Maasara Engineering Industries Company (Egyptian Arabic: شركة المعصرة للصناعات الهندسية) or Military Factory 45 (Egyptian Arabic: مصنع 45 الحربي) is an Egyptian government joint-stock company, one of the companies of the National Authority for Military Production affiliated with the Ministry of Military Production. It was established in 1952 on an area of 97 acres in the al-Maasara area in Helwan, Cairo Governorate and was opened on 4 August 1954, in order to produce ammunition of various types for the benefit of the Egyptian Armed Forces, it is currently working in the field of producing meters for electricity, water, natural gas, chemicals for civil works, and light metal industries.

Cairo Governorate
Cairo (Arabic: محافظة القاهرة) is one of the 27 governorates of Egypt. It is formed of the city of Cairo, both the national capital of Egypt and the governorate's, in addition to six satellite cities: The New Capital - which became the official seat of national government in April 2024, New Cairo, El Shorouk, Badr, Capital Gardens, and 15th of May. These cities form almost half of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area by population.

Cairo is one of four city governorates in Egypt, and the governor of Cairo is also the head of the city. Nonetheless, the governate of Cairo and the city of Cairo are two semi-distinct levels of local government, and as with other governorates, the governor is appointed by the president.
James A. Lantz
James A. Lantz (September 15, 1921 – June 19, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Fairfield County, Ohio, Lantz served in the United States Army Air Forces as a pilot. He received his bachelor's degree from Denison University and his law degree from Moritz College of Law. Lantz then practiced law in Lancaster, Ohio. From 1953 to 1963, Lantz served as a Democrat in the Ohio House of Representatives and was speaker in 1959. Lantz  lost the Democratic primary election for Lieutenant Governor of Ohio. He returned to his law practice in Lancaster, Ohio, and was involved in the insurance business. Lantz died in Lancaster, Ohio.

Denison University
Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, United States. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. It was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of William S. Denison, a major early benefactor. The college enrolled 2,300 students in fall 2023. Students choose from 65 academic programs.

The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 26 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association.
2011–12 Division 1 Féminine
The 2011–12 Division 1 Féminine season was the 38th since its establishment. Lyon are the defending champions. The league schedule was announced on 31 March 2011 and the fixtures were determined on 10 June. The season began on 3 September 2011 and ended on 2 June 2012. The winter break was in effect from 11 December 2011 to 7 January 2012.

Le Mans FC
Le Mans Football Club (French pronunciation: [ləmɑ̃]; commonly referred to as Le Mans FC) is a French professional football club based in Le Mans. The club competes in Ligue 2 from 2025–26, the second tier of French football after promotion from Championnat National in 2024–25. The club was founded in 1985 as a result of a merger under the name Le Mans Union Club 72 (abbreviated as MUC 72). In 2010, Le Mans changed its name to Le Mans FC to coincide with the re-modeling of the club, which includes moving into a new stadium, the Stade Marie-Marvingt, which opened in January 2011. The stadium is based in the interior of the Circuit de la Sarthe, a famous circuit in the city.

The club were controversially relegated from 2019–20 Ligue 2 when the season was terminated early due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Jeffrey Daugherty
Jeffrey Joseph Daugherty (September 26, 1955 – November 7, 1988) was an American serial killer who committed at least five murders in both Pennsylvania and Florida. Between February and March 1976, Daugherty, who was accompanied by his girlfriend Bonnie Heath, robbed and killed four women and one man in both states, and he was arrested on March 12, 1976.

Daugherty was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Pennsylvania courts for the two homicides committed within the jurisdiction, and while he was also given life imprisonment for two of the three murders committed in Florida, Daugherty was sentenced to death during his third murder trial in Florida for the 1976 death of Lavonne Sailer. Daugherty was executed by the electric chair on November 7, 1988, at the Florida State Prison. Heath herself was jailed for lesser charges pertaining to the murders.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It began in 1684 as the Provincial Court, and casual references to it as the "Supreme Court" of Pennsylvania were made official in 1722 upon its reorganization as an entity separate from the control of the colonial governor. It is the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania maintains a discretionary docket, meaning that the Court may choose which cases it accepts, with the exception of mandatory death penalty appeals, and certain appeals from the original jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Court. This discretion allows the Court to wield powerful influence on the formation and interpretation of Pennsylvania law.
1936 Boston Red Sox season
The 1936 Boston Red Sox season was the 36th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished sixth in the American League (AL) with a record of 74 wins and 80 losses, 28+1⁄2 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1936 World Series.

1936 World Series
The 1936 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1936 season. The 33rd edition of the World Series, it matched the New York Yankees against the New York Giants, with the Yankees winning in six games to earn their fifth championship.

The Yankees played their first World Series without Babe Ruth and their first with Joe DiMaggio, Ruth having been released by the Yankees after the 1934 season. He retired in 1935 as a member of the Boston Braves.
De Bokkedoorns
De Bokkedoorns is a restaurant located in Overveen in the Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin stars in the period 1978–1990. It is awarded two stars since 1991, up to present.

In 2013, GaultMillau awarded them 17.0 points (out of 20).

Head chef is Menno Post. He took over the kitchen on 1 January 2013.

In 1991, his predecessor Lucas Rive, head chef since 1990, became the youngest (29 years old) head chef in The Netherlands ever to be awarded two Michelin stars. In 1983, Koos Zijlstra was head chef.

De Bokkedoorns is member of Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
Taub
Taub is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abraham H. Taub (1911–1999), American mathematician and physicist

Ari Taub (wrestler) (born 1971), Canadian wrestler

Ben Taub (1889–1982), American philanthropist and medical benefactor

Daniel Taub (born 1962), Israeli diplomat

David Rosenmann-Taub (born 1927), Chilean poet, musician, and artist

Edward Taub (born 1931), American behavioral neuroscientist

Gadi Taub (born 1965), Israeli historian, author, screenwriter, and political commentator

Gypsy Taub (born 1969), Russian American activist

Henry Taub (1927–2011), American businessman and philanthropist

Leandro Taub (born 1983), Argentine actor and author

Richard Taub (1937–2020), American sociologist

Robert Taub (born 1955), American concert pianist

Gadi Taub
Gadi Taub (Hebrew: גדי טאוב; born April 19, 1965, in Jerusalem) is an Israeli right-wing pundit and political commentator. He is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Public Policy and the Department of Communications at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Taub is also an internationally recognized voice in the discourse on Zionism.
Zawiya Thaalibia (Issers)
The Zawiya Thaalibia (Arabic: الزاوية الثعالبية) or the Sidi Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi Zawiya (Arabic: زاوية سيدي عبد الرحمان الثعالبي) is a zawiya in the commune of the Issers in Algeria. The name "Thaalibia" relates to Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi.

Zawiya (institution)
A zawiya or zaouia (Arabic: زاوية, romanized: zāwiyah, lit. 'corner'; Turkish: zaviye; also spelled zawiyah or zawiyya) is a building and institution associated with Sufis in the Islamic world. It can serve a variety of functions such a place of worship, school, monastery and/or mausoleum. In some regions the term is interchangeable with the term khanqah, which serves a similar purpose. In the Maghreb, the term is often used for a place where the founder of a Sufi order or a local saint or holy man (e.g. a wali) lived and was buried. In the Maghreb the word can also be used to refer to the wider tariqa (Sufi order or brotherhood) and its membership.
2014 Tennessee Titans season
The 2014 season was the Tennessee Titans' 45th in the National Football League (NFL), their 55th overall and their 18th in the state of Tennessee. It was also their first season under head coach Ken Whisenhunt, as well as the first full season since the death of longtime owner Bud Adams, who died during the 2013 season. The Titans finished the season with 10 consecutive losses to finish with a 2–14 record, not only tying the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for the league's worst record, but also the Titans' worst season since 1994, when the franchise was known as the Houston Oilers.

2013 Tennessee Titans season
The 2013 season was the Tennessee Titans' 44th in the National Football League (NFL), their 54th overall, their 17th in the state of Tennessee, and their third and final season under head coach Mike Munchak. It was also their final season under the ownership of founder Bud Adams, who died on October 21. The Titans slightly improved on their 6–10 record from 2012 but missed the playoffs for a fifth consecutive season.
Mahasantisukha Buddha Sasana Center
Mahāsantisukha Buddha Sasana Center (Burmese: မဟာသန္တိသုခ ဗုဒ္ဓသာသနာပြုကျောင်းတော်ကြီး) is a Theravada Buddhist monastery located in Natchaung Ward, Tamwe Township, Yangon, Myanmar. The monastery was inaugurated on 17 December 1999, and was spearheaded under the leadership of Pannavamsa, and was sponsored with the support of the Burmese government.

Pannavamsa
U Paññāvaṃsa (Burmese: ဦးပညာဝံသ; Pyinnyawuntha), commonly known as the Penang Sayadaw and officially titled Bhaddantapaññāvaṃsa) was a prominent Burmese Buddhist monk, known for his missionary work, particularly in Sri Lanka and Malaysia. He was first selected to perform missionary work on Coco Islands on behalf of the Burmese government. He was the chief abbot of the Dhammikarama Burmese Temple in Penang, Malaysia, where he resides. He was also abbot over the Burmese Buddhist Temple in Singapore.
Tomas Chlubna
Tomas Chlubna (born November 6, 1972) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player.

Chlubna played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Dukla Jihlava, HC Vítkovice, HC Železárny Třinec, HC Karlovy Vary and HC Znojemští Orli. He also played in the SM-liiga for JYP Jyväskylä and Tappara, the Russian Superleague for Metallurg Magnitogorsk and Severstal Cherepovets and the Slovak Extraliga for HC Slovan Bratislava.

HC Vítkovice Ridera
HC Vítkovice Ridera is a professional ice hockey team based in Vítkovice, the Moravian-part of Ostrava, in the Czech Republic, competing in the Czech Extraliga. It plays at Ostravar Aréna.

The club was founded in 1928 after the merger of SK Moravská Slavia and SK Slovan Ostrava. Vítkovice were the champions of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League in the 1951–52 and 1980–81 seasons.

Its biggest rivals are HC Oceláři Třinec and HC Sparta Prague.
Volcano Man
Volcano Man is a 2022 Australian documentary film directed by James Crawley. It was written by James Crawley, Tim Russell and Steven Sander, and produced by Tim Russell and Rhian Skirving. It tells the story of James' father Richard Crawley, an eccentric photographer and documentarian.

The film premiered at the Melbourne International Film Festival on August 5, 2022, screening around Australia in 2022 through Palace Cinemas and released in Australia and New Zealand via Madman Films and DocPlay. It received critical acclaims from critics and audience. It received several awards including clinching the third in the Melbourne International Film Festival Audience Award in 2022, and the AWGIE Awards for the Best Writing in a Documentary Feature in 2023.

Madman Entertainment
Madman Entertainment Pty. Ltd., also known as Madman Films, stylised as MADMAN, is an Australian film and television production, distribution, entertainment, and rights management company. Headquartered in East Melbourne, Victoria, the company specialises in feature films, documentaries, and television series, across theatrical and home entertainment formats in both Australia and the United States.
Richard Giragosian
Richard Giragosian (Armenian: Ռիչարդ Կիրակոսյան) is an Armenian American academic, affiliated with CIA and NATO. He serves as both a contributing analyst for Al Jazeera and the Asia Times. Giragosian has served as a consultant for the Asian Development Bank, the European Union Delegation to Armenia, the French Ministry of Defence, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the United States Department of State. In addition, he has written for the European Council on Foreign Relations, Le Monde, the Moscow Times, and the Turkish Policy Quarterly.

European Council on Foreign Relations
The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) is a pan-European think tank with offices in seven European capitals and in the United States. Launched in October 2007, it conducts research on European foreign and security policy. ECFR has offices in Berlin, London, Madrid, Paris, Rome, Warsaw, Washington, and Sofia.

ECFR was founded in 2007 by Mark Leonard together with a council of fifty founding members, chaired by Martti Ahtisaari, Joschka Fischer, and Mabel van Oranje, with initial funding from George Soros's Open Society Foundations, the Communitas Foundation, Sigrid Rausing, Unicredit, and Fundación Para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE). ECFR's council is currently chaired by Carl Bildt, Lykke Friis and Norbert Röttgen.
Hossein Mozaffar
Hossein Mozaffar (Persian: حسین مظفر) is an Iranian principlist politician who was Minister of Education under President Mohammad Khatami and represented Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr in the Parliament of Iran twice. He is currently a member of the Expediency Discernment Council.

He is considered an ally of Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and close to Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran. Mozaffar was Ghalibaf's campaign manager in 2013 presidential election.

2013 Iranian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Iran on 14 June 2013. Hassan Rouhani was elected in the first round with over 50% of the vote. Tehran mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf finished second with 17% of the vote. Voter turnout was 73%.

The Guardian Council screened 680 registered candidates, approving eight to run in the election; Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, Ali Akbar Velayati, Saeed Jalili, Mohsen Rezaee, Mohammad Gharazi, Hassan Rouhani and Mohammad Reza Aref. Haddad-Adel and Aref later withdrew from the race in the days leading up to the election. Incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was not able to run for re-election as he was limited to two terms or 8 years in office under the Iranian constitution.