hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Traceroute
In computing, traceroute and tracert are diagnostic command-line interface commands for displaying possible routes (paths) and transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

The command reports the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) along the route to a destination. The sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection. The command aborts if all (usually three) sent packets are lost more than twice.

Ping, however, only computes the final round-trip times from the destination point.

For Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), the tool sometimes has the name traceroute6 and tracert6.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Sinahemana Hekau
Sinahemana Hekau is a Niuean lawyer and politician. In 2004 she was the winner of Miss South Pacific.  She is the daughter of former MP Makamau Hekau.

Hekau trained as a lawyer at the University of the South Pacific. She later completed a master of Laws at Victoria University of Wellington. She worked as a lawyer for the Niuean government before entering private practice.

She was first elected to the Niue Assembly in the 2023 Niuean general election, coming third on the common roll. She was subsequently appointed Member Assisting the Minister to Premier Dalton Tagelagi.

Miss Pacific Islands
Miss Pacific Islands is a regional beauty pageant held in the Pacific Islands. It was known as the Miss South Pacific Pageant until its name change in 2014. The current reigning Miss Pacific Islands is Miss Fiji Ailava Samuels who was crowned on 14 February 2026 in Nadi, Fiji
Edward M. Zimmerman
Edward Moore Zimmerman, often given as E. M. Zimmerman, (January 9, 1859 – December 6, 1922) was an American bass, composer, choir conductor, organist, and music educator. A longtime resident of Philadelphia, he was active as a church and concert singer in that city from the 1880s into the early years of the 20th century. He also worked as a voice teacher in Philadelphia, and held posts as a choir conductor and organist at several churches in that city. He was also a vocal music instructor at the Methodist Conference Seminary (now The Pennington School). He is best remembered as a composer of hymns, and for co-writing the suffragist anthem "Votes for Women: Suffrage Rallying Song"  (1915) with his wife and frequent singing partner, the soprano Marie Kunkel Zimmerman.

Musical Fund Hall
The Musical Fund Hall is a landmark building of both architectural and historic significance located at 808 Locust Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The hall has hosted many notable speakers and events, including the first Republican National Convention from June 17 to 19, 1856.

In 1971, in recognition of the building's historical notability, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 30, 1974, but withdrawn on January 13, 1989.
Enez
Enez is a town in Edirne Province, in East Thrace, Turkey. The ancient name of the town was Ainos (Greek: Αίνος), Latinised as Aenus. It is the seat of Enez District. Its population is 4,301 (2022). The mayor is Özkan Günenç (CHP).

Enez consists of an old town centre, backing on to the Meriç/Evros river forming the border with neighbouring Greece; the harbour and Pırlanta Beach, 3 km southwest across the lagoon; and Altınkum Sahili (Golden Sands Beach), another 2 km south, which has been developed as a resort strip mainly catering for domestic tourists.

Despite Enez's proximity to the Greek border there is no crossing point by land here. To cross the border into Greece it is necessary to travel north to İpsala.

Rhodope (province)
Rhodope (Greek: Ῥοδόπη) was a late Roman and early Byzantine province, situated on the northern Aegean coast. A part of the Diocese of Thrace, it extended along the Rhodope Mountains range, covering parts of modern Western Thrace (in Greece) and south-western Bulgaria. The province was headed by a governor of the rank of praeses, with Trajanopolis as the provincial capital. According to the 6th-century Synecdemus, there were six further cities in the province, Maroneia, Maximianopolis, Nicopolis, Kereopyrgos (unknown location) and Topeiros (mod. Toxotai in Greece).

The province survived until the Slavic invasions of the 7th century, although as an ecclesiastic province, it continued in existence at least until the 12th century. The theme of Boleron covered most of the area in later Byzantine times.
Zrecze Chałupczańskie
Zrecze Chałupczańskie [ˈzrɛt͡ʂɛ xawupˈt͡ʂaɲskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chmielnik, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Chmielnik and 34 km (21 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Mahmoud al-Sarkhi
Sayyid Mahmoud al-Hasani al-Sarkhi  (Arabic: السيد محمود الحسني الصرخي; born 1964) is a prominent Iraqi  Shia Marja'. He was known for his opposition to US and Iranian interference in Iraq.

He has studied in seminaries of Najaf, Iraq under Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
Madhu Purnima
Madhu Purnima (Sanskrit: मधुपुर्णिमा, romanized: Madhupurṇimā, lit. 'honey full-moon'), also known as Honey Full Moon Festival or Honey-offering Festival, is a Buddhist festival celebrated in Bangladesh by the Barua and Chakma people of Chittagong and by the Mon people of Thailand. It occurs on the day of the full moon in the Bangla month of Bhadro (August/September).

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
1954 Kukarkin
1954 Kukarkin (prov. designation: 1952 PH) is an asteroid and slow rotator on an eccentric orbit from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 15 August 1952, by Russian astronomer Pelageya Shajn at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid has a exceptionally long rotation period of 136.4 hours and measures approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) in diameter. It was named after astronomer Boris Kukarkin.

Simeiz Observatory
Simeiz Observatory (also spelled Simeis or Simeïs) was an astronomy research observatory until the mid-1950s. It is located on Mount Koshka, Crimea, by the town of Simeiz.

Part of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, it is currently used for laser based studies of the orbits of satellites.

The Minor Planet Center (MPC) credits Simeiz Observatory as the location where a total of 150 minor planets were discovered by astronomers Grigory Neujmin, Sergey Belyavsky, Vladimir Albitsky, Grigory Shajn, Nikolaj Ivanov, Pelageya Shajn, Praskov'ja Parchomenko, Alexander Deutsch and Evgenij Skvorcov.

As of 2017, the discovery of the minor planet 369010 Ira is directly credited to Simeiz Observatory by the MPC.
Aucoumea klaineana
Aucoumea klaineana (angouma, gaboon, or okoumé) is a tree in the family Burseraceae, native to equatorial west Africa in Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, and Río Muni. It is a large hardwood tree growing to 30–40 m (100–130 feet) tall, rarely larger, with a trunk 1.0–2.5 m (3.5–8 feet) diameter above the often large basal buttresses. The tree generally grows in small stands, with the roots of the trees intertwined with neighboring trees.  In Gabon, it is the primary timber species.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
Whonnock
Whonnock is a rural, naturally treed, and hilly community on the north side of the Fraser River in the eastern part of the City of Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada. It is approximately 56 kilometres east of Downtown Vancouver on the Lougheed Highway. Whonnock shares borders with three other Maple Ridge communities. To the west, the borders are 256th Street with Albion and upper Kanaka Creek with Webster's Corners. To the east, Whonnock Creek forms the border with Ruskin. To the north is the municipal border and to the south the Fraser River.

The name Whonnock is derived from a Halkomelem word for humpback salmon or pink salmon, the only kind of salmon to ascend Whonnock Creek. Whonnock Creek flows from the north, above Dewdney Trunk Road, south to the Fraser River passing Whonnock Lake or from Xwô:leqw / Wõ:leqw.

Pink salmon
Pink salmon or humpback salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) is a species of euryhaline ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the type species of the genus Oncorhynchus (Pacific salmon), and is the smallest and most abundant of the seven officially recognized species of salmon. The species' scientific name is based on the Russian common name for this species gorbúša (горбуша), which literally means humpie.
Bannu Museum
Bannu Museum is a museum located in Bannu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The museum was established by the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and inaugurated in 2011 by Sayed Aqil Shah, Minister for Sports, Tourism, Archaeology, and Youth Affairs.

The foundation stone of the museum was laid by the-then Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Akram Khan Durrani, in 2006.

Syed Aqil Shah
Syed Aqil Shah (born 13 February 1950), is a Pakistani politician, president of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Olympic Association, and the former president of Pakistan Wrestling Federation, provincial minister for sports, tourism and culture who represented Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from PK-4 (Swat-III) constituency. Aqil served twice as state minister after contesting assembly elections of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2008 and later the 2013 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election. Aqil has served twice as a member of Peshawar Cantonment, the senate, and provincial secretary for information.

He also served as president of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) Olympic Association, and later he was appointed as vice-president of the National Olympic Committee of Pakistan. As a president of Pakistan Wrestling Federation (PWF), he represented the country at multi-sport events held at domestic and international level, including the Seoul Olympics.
Jefferson (footballer, born 1983)
Jefferson de Oliveira Galvão, simply known as Jefferson (born 2 January 1983), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Having begun his career at Cruzeiro and spent time on loan at Botafogo, Jefferson then spent four seasons in the Turkish Süper Lig in service of Trabzonspor and Konyaspor before returning to Botafogo. He is one of the eight footballers with the most appearances Botafogo club history, with 459 between the years of 2003 to 2005 and 2009 to 2018.

A former world champion at under-20 level, Jefferson made his senior debut for Brazil in 2011 and was named in their squads for two Copa América tournaments, the 2014 FIFA World Cup and their victory at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.

Superclásico de las Américas
The Superclassic of the Americas (Portuguese: Superclássico das Américas, Spanish: Superclásico de las Américas), was an annual friendly football match between the national teams of Argentina and Brazil.

Established in 2011 and organized by CONMEBOL, the Superclásico de las Américas is a successor of the Roca Cup, a similar competition held from 1914 to 1976.
Peter Gruber (footballer)
Peter Gruber (born 7 September 1952) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender.

Gruber spent four seasons in the Bundesliga with FC Bayern Munich.  In 1980, he moved to the United States and signed with the Dallas Tornado of the North American Soccer League. After two outdoor and one indoor season with the Tornado, he moved to the Tampa Bay Rowdies for one season before finishing his NASL career with the Chicago Sting. In March 1986, he was awarded $22,580 in workers' compensation for a 1983 knee injury he received during an indoor game with the Sting.

Dallas Tornado
The Dallas Tornado was a soccer team based in Dallas, Texas that played in the North American Soccer League (NASL) from 1968 to 1981.

The club's home fields were Cotton Bowl (1967–1968), P.C. Cobb Stadium (1969), Franklin Field (1970–1971), Texas Stadium (1972–1975, 1980–1981) and Ownby Stadium on the SMU campus (1976–1979). The club played Indoor soccer at Reunion Arena for one season (1980–81), and hosted the two-day 1975 Regionals at Fair Park Coliseum.
2008 Ivorian New Forces unrest
Three serious incidents of unrest in the New Forces, a former rebel group in Côte d'Ivoire, occurred in mid-2008. These incidents occurred in the midst of a disarmament process, according to which a portion of the New Forces fighters were to be integrated into the army, while the majority were to be given work on projects. The disarmament process was to be followed by a presidential election and a parliamentary election.

2011 Ivorian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Ivory Coast on 11 December 2011, after the presidential elections in late 2010. They followed a peace agreement between the government and the New Forces (former rebels) that was signed in March 2007. The Rally of the Republicans, the party of President Alassane Ouattara, won just under half the seats in the National Assembly.
Good Girl (Jill Johnson album)
Good Girl is a 2002 studio album by Swedish pop and country singer Jill Johnson. It peaked at number 37 on the Swedish Albums Chart. The album was recorded in Nashville, Tennessee in the United States.

Jill Johnson
Jill Anna Maria Johnson (born 24 May 1973) is a Swedish country and pop singer, songwriter and TV-host. She performed in the Melodifestivalen 1998 contest, winning with the song "Kärleken är" ("Love Is"), and represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 with that song, which finished 10th with 53 points. In 2003 she entered Melodifestivalen for the second time with "Crazy in Love", which finished fourth in the final. She also hosted the final of Melodifestivalen 2005. Johnson is today one of the most successful artists in Sweden, with several Gold and Platinum records and since 2014 has hosted her own Swedish TV-show from Nashville, Jills veranda.
Summer Olympic coins
The first Olympic coin can be traced back to 480 BC. The modern Olympics did not see its first commemoratives until 1951. The original concept of Olympic coins was that the Greeks believed that coins brought the general public closer to the Olympic games. The premise was that those who could not attend the games could at least have a tangible souvenir of the event.

In 1951 the government of Finland authorized the striking of the first modern Olympic coin, a 500 Markkaa. At first the coins circulated as currency in the issuing country and the mintages were high. The coins were a memento of the 1951 Games, and a coin that numismatists could collect. With the exception of Canada's Lucky Loonie program and its 2007 25-cent pieces to commemorate the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games, it is rare that Olympic coins are minted for circulation. Traditionally, Olympic coins are numismatic coins.

Public
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere.

The concept of a public has also been defined in political science, psychology, marketing, and advertising.  In public relations and communication science, it is one of the more ambiguous concepts in the field.

Although it has definitions in the theory of the field that have been formulated from the early 20th century onward, in more recent years it has suffered from being blurred, as a result of conflation of the idea of a public with the notions of audience, market segment, community, constituency, and stakeholder.
Boris Kuzmin
Boris Petrovich Kuzmin (Russian: Борис Петрович Кузьмин, 11 February 1941 – 30 November 2001) was a Soviet rower who had his best achievements in the coxed fours, partnering with Vladimir Yevseyev, Anatoly Tkachuk, Anatoly Luzgin and Vitaly Kurdchenko. In this event, they won two European titles and a silver medal at the 1966 World Rowing Championships; they finished in fifth place at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

1966 World Rowing Championships
The 1966 World Rowing Championships was the second time that world championships in rowing were held. The regatta was held from 8 to 11 September at Lake Bled in Bled, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. There were 613 rowers from 32 countries who competed  in the seven Olympic boat classes. Marketing and advertising for the event were handled by Cesar Lüthi.

The Australian Rowing History website has the following commentary: "The superbly organized regatta was held on the magnificent lake at Bled: a fitting setting for the second world championships." Prior to the 4th World Rowing Championships in 1974, only men competed.
Kizz Daniel
Daniel Oluwatobiloba Anidugbe (listenⓘ; born 1 May 1994), professionally known as Kizz Daniel (formerly Kiss Daniel), is a Nigerian singer and songwriter. He rose to fame in 2014 with his breakout single, "Woju". He signed a record deal with G-Worldwide Entertainment in 2013, but left the label following a publicized contract dispute and court case. He founded his own record label, Flyboy I.N.C, in November 2017. On 3 February 2023, he was announced by Audiomack alongside Snazzy the Optimist, Asake and 1ucid as the top trending and most streamed artistes.

Audiomack
Audiomack (stylized in all lowercase) is a music streaming and audio discovery platform that allows artists to upload music and fans to stream and download songs. It is especially popular among emerging artists, offering a space to share their music. The platform supports genres such as hip-hop, R&B, Afrobeats, and Latin music, with a focus on providing a free, user-friendly streaming experience. Audiomack is available as a web-based service and as an app on macOS, Android devices and Windows.
Rob Allan
Rob Allan (1945 – October 2021) was a New Zealand poet. He won the PEN (NZSA) Best First Book of Poetry award in 1992 for his book Karitane Postcards, and has received multiple grants from Creative New Zealand to support his writing. He has been published in several anthologies including An Anthology of New Zealand Poetry in English (Oxford University Press, 1997), and has published widely in literary magazines.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Usuthu, KwaZulu-Natal
Usuthu or oSuthu is a main place in Nongoma Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, with 2001 and 2011 Census number: 53004000.

Usuthu was founded in 1898 as a homestead by Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (Dinizulu) son of King Cetshwayo.  He chose the name in homage to his father's followers who were called uSuthu.  At the time he was employed by the British as an advisor, although he was widely regarded by the Zulu people as their king.

Nongoma Local Municipality
Nongoma Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wakwaNongoma) is a local municipality within the northeastern part of the Zululand District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.  It is Zululand's second largest municipality in terms of population and the second largest in terms of area. It shares its name with the town of Nongoma, which serves as the seat of the municipality.

Nongoma is predominantly a rural municipality. It encompasses 363 settlements, only of which Nongoma has some urban characteristics. 98.34% of the population lives in rural areas. The level of education is low, as only 33% of the population has completed primary education and only 5.3% has an education up to Grade 12.