hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turuzi
Turuzi was an  ancient city situated in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. Its exact location is now lost to history, but it was somewhere in northern Tunisia.

The town was the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric. At the Council of Carthage, Habetdeum a Donatist leader spoke of the Bishopric at Turuzi saying "we do have a bishop there, one Cattus", to which the Catholic Bishop Serotinus retorted "sure he is there, and he is totally useless." The bishopric survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, held by Bishop Mark Steven Rivituso, an Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Louis; he was ordained on May 2, 2017.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
The Water-Babies
The Water-Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby is a children's novel by Charles Kingsley. Written in 1862–1863 as a serial for Macmillan's Magazine, it was first published in its entirety in 1863. It was written as part satire in support of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. The book was extremely popular in the United Kingdom and was a mainstay of British children's literature for many decades.  The book was selected by Julia Eccleshare as one of the 1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up (2009).

Macmillan's Magazine
Macmillan's Magazine was a monthly British magazine published 1859 to 1907 by Alexander Macmillan.

The magazine was a literary periodical that published fiction and non-fiction works primarily by British authors. Thomas Hughes convinced Macmillan to found the magazine, and its first editor was David Masson.

In 1868, David Masson resigned as editor of the magazine and left London to become Professor of English Literature at the University of Edinburgh. Alexander Macmillan appointed George Grove, who remained in this post for 15 years, becoming also a general literary adviser to the publisher.

In the magazine's first decade of publication, Frederick Denison Maurice was a prolific contributor.
Guy Goma BBC interview
On 8 May 2006, Congolese-French Guy Goma (born 1969) was mistakenly interviewed on live television in place of technology journalist Guy Kewney. BBC News 24 presenter Karen Bowerman was scheduled to interview Kewney about the Apple Corps v Apple Computer legal dispute. Goma, who was a business studies graduate from Brazzaville in the Republic of the Congo, came to the BBC to be interviewed for a job as a data cleanser. The incident became one of the  BBC's most widely reported bloopers.

Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.
Oak station (CTA)
Oak was a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's North Side Main Line, which is now part of the Brown Line. The station was located at 319 W. Oak Street in the Near North Side neighborhood of Chicago. Oak was situated south of Division, which closed at the same time as Oak, and north of Chicago. Oak opened in 1906 and closed on August 1, 1949, along with 22 other stations as part of a CTA service revision.

Brown Line (CTA)
The Brown Line of the Chicago "L" system, is an 11.4-mile (18.3 km) route with 27 stations between Chicago's Albany Park neighborhood and downtown Chicago. It runs completely above ground and is almost entirely grade-separated. It is the third-busiest 'L' route, with an average of 35,176 passengers boarding each weekday in 2024.

Before CTA lines were color-coded in 1993, the Brown Line was known as the Ravenswood Route; specifically, the that runs from Belmont to Kimball is called the Ravenswood branch. Accordingly, the Kimball-Belmont shuttle service was called the Ravenswood Shuttle.
Stan Gustafson
Stan Gustafson (born May 7, 1942) is an American lawyer and politician from the state of Iowa. A Republican, he served in the Iowa House of Representatives.

In August, 2005, Gustafson was recalled in a special election from the Los Osos Community Sewer District [CISD] due to a controversy over developing a new sewer system.  After the recall of three members of the board (Stan Gustafson, President; Gordon Hensley, Member; Richard Le Gros, Member), the city of Los Osos defaulted on low interest loans from a state revolving fund and filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection in federal court.

On January 7, 2014, Gustafson won a special election to succeed Julian Garrett in the Iowa House for the 25th district.

Gustafson was born in Washington, D.C. He served as a lieutenant colonel in the United States Marine Corps.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Eaglehawk Neck
Eaglehawk Neck, officially Teralina / Eaglehawk Neck, is a narrow isthmus that connects the Tasman Peninsula with the Forestier Peninsula and hence to the rest of Tasmania, Australia.

It is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of the town of Nubeena in the local government area of Tasman in the South-east region of Tasmania. At the 2016 census, the locality had a population of 385.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Steven Kilston
Steven D. Kilston (born 1944) is an American astronomer.

Kilston received a B.A. from Harvard University in 1965 and a Ph.D. from UCLA in 1973. He was Carl Sagan's first undergraduate research student at Harvard, co-authoring "A Search for Life on Earth at Kilometer Resolution". Kilston worked for the Hughes Aircraft Company, the Lockheed Corporation, and Ball Aerospace. He was the principal designer of the Ikonos satellite.

In 1966, he discovered the Comet Kilston at Lick Observatory.

In 1983, Kilston published a paper in Nature with Leon Knopoff, suggesting that earthquakes were linked to an "alignment of the sun and moon on opposite sides of the Earth that tugged the opposite sides of faults in opposing directions". They successfully predicted the 1987 Superstition Hills earthquakes.

Kilston has envisioned a "Plausible Path to the Stars", in which a spaceship carrying a million inhabitants could reach the few dozen nearest stars in 10,000 years' time.

1987 Superstition Hills earthquakes
The 1987 Superstition Hills earthquake affected the Imperial Valley of California and Baja California on November 24, nearly 12 hours after a Mw 6.0 foreshock, called the Elmore Ranch earthquake. The mainshock, measuring Mw 6.5, struck at 17:54 PST, along the Superstition Hills segment of the San Jacinto Fault Zone. The earthquake generated a 27 km (17 mi) surface rupture with additional postseismic slip continuing for a year.

The earthquake caused damage amounting to US$3 million. Damage was considerable in Mexicali, where two people died and 50 were injured. Another 44 people were injured in the Imperial Valley. Buildings in El Centro, Imperial, and Westmorland sustained collapsed chimneys, ruptured pipes, and shattered windows. The rebuilt Imperial County services building, which replaced an originally five-story structure, remained structurally intact. Damage to canal infrastructure cost over US$600 thousand.
Diamond Frontier
Diamond Frontier is a 1940 American adventure film directed by Harold D. Schuster and starring Victor McLaglen, John Loder and Anne Nagel. It was based on the story A Modern Monte Cristo by Stanley Rubin and Edmund L. Hartmann. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jack Otterson.

Jack Otterson
John (Jack) Edward Otterson (August 25, 1905 – December 22, 1991) was an American art director. He was nominated for eight Academy Awards in the category Best Art Direction. He worked on 300 films between the years of 1934 and 1953.
Tim Allsop & Stewart Williams
Tim Allsop and Stewart Williams are a British writing and directing duo.

They met in 2005 working for Elisabeth Murdoch’s production company Shine Limited. Their first joint work was a Comedy Lab for Channel 4 starring Alex Zane which they wrote, produced, and directed. Since then they have written for a variety of comedy and entertainment shows for the BBC, ITV and Channel 4, as well directing music videos and commercials – most recently for the Guitar Hero brand.  In 2007 they began working on a pilot for Plus One in the Comedy Showcase strand for Channel 4 which they made with production company Kudos.

They have also written episodes for The Amazing World of Gumball and recently and written episodes for Space Chickens in Space, as well as developed the bible for Disney EMEA for the show as well.

Tim Allsop is currently a producer on Who Is America and Stewart Williams recently wrote an episode of Famalam.

Comedy Showcase
Comedy Showcase is a series of one-off comedy specials featuring some of Britain's fledgling comedy talent. Its format is reminiscent of the much earlier television series Playhouse. The format was replaced in 2012 by 4Funnies.
James Johnston (rugby union)
James Johnston (born 6 March 1986) is a New Zealand rugby union player of Samoan descent who currently plays for Ampthill RUFC (2023-2024) and has represented Samoa. He has played club rugby for Wasps, Harlequins and Saracens in the then Aviva Premiership. He plays at tighthead prop. He has represented Samoa. Johnston lived in Surbiton whilst playing for Harlequins, before making the move to St Albans upon signing for Saracens in 2013.
He started for Harlequins in their 2011–12 Premiership final victory over Leicester Tigers.

On 15 June 2015, James signs for Premiership rivals Wasps for the upcoming 2015–16 season. He left Wasps and announced his signing for Premiership rivals Worcester Warriors.

Johnson left Worcester as he moved to France to join Top 14 side Brive ahead of the 2017–18 season. On 11 June 2020, Johnston signed for Rouen in the French second division Pro D2 from the 2020–21 season.

He signed for Ampthill RUFC for the 2023-24 season from Stade Nicois (Nice Rugby).

Pro D2
The Pro D2 is the second tier of rugby union club competition division in France. It is operated by Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR) which also runs the division directly above, the first division Top 14. Pro D2 was introduced in 2000. It is the world's best-supported second-tier rugby union league.
Waldhausen (b Schorndorf) station
Waldhausen (b Schorndorf) station is a railway stop in the municipality of Lorch, located in the Ostalbkreis district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The station lies on the Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt–Nördlingen railway. The train services are operated by Go-Ahead Baden-Württemberg.

Arverio
Arverio Deutschland GmbH, with brand name Arverio, before July 2024 under the name Go-Ahead Verkehrsgesellschaft Deutschland GmbH, is a railway operator in Germany. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Austrian state-owned rail operator ÖBB, and was part of the United Kingdom-based Go-Ahead Group up till its sale to ÖBB was completed on 1 February 2024.

Go-Ahead secured its first contract in the German rail market in November 2015 to operate several regional rail lines in the vicinity of Stuttgart; it took over services from the incumbent operator Deutsche Bahn (DB) on 9 June 2019. Multiple other contracts to operate other passenger services, such as in Munich and Lindau, have been awarded in the following years. Go-Ahead Deutschland has procured a mixed fleet of Stadler FLIRT electric multiple units (EMUs) and Siemens-built double-decker EMUs to operate these services.
Robert Byrne (chess player)
Robert Eugene Byrne (April 20, 1928 – April 12, 2013) was an American chess player and chess author who held the FIDE title of Grandmaster (GM). He won the U.S. Championship in 1972, and was a World Chess Championship Candidate in 1974. Byrne represented the United States nine times in Chess Olympiads from 1952 to 1976 and won seven medals. He was the chess columnist from 1972 to 2006 for The New York Times, which ran his final column (a recounting of his 1952 victory over David Bronstein) on November 12, 2006. Byrne worked as a university professor for many years, before becoming a chess professional in the early 1970s.

Interzonal chess tournaments
Interzonal chess tournaments were tournaments organized by the World Chess Federation FIDE from the 1950s to the 1990s.  They were a stage in the triennial World Chess Championship cycle and were held after the Zonal tournaments, and before the Candidates Tournament. Since 2005, the Chess World Cup has filled a similar role.
David Endt
David Endt (born 12 February 1954) is a Dutch sports journalist, author and columnist. From 1997 to June 2013 he was the team manager of Ajax before Technical Director Edwin van der Sar expressed that his services would no longer be required within the club.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta
The Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta (Pali) or Anātmalakṣaṇa Sūtra (Sanskrit), is traditionally recorded as the second discourse delivered by Gautama Buddha. The title translates to the "Not-Self Characteristic Discourse", but is also known as the Pañcavaggiya Sutta (Pali) or Pañcavargīya Sūtra (Skt.), meaning the "Group of Five" Discourse.

Duḥkha
Duḥkha (/ˈduːkə/; Sanskrit: दुःख, Pali: dukkha) "suffering", "pain", "unease", or "unsatisfactoriness", is an important concept in Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism. Its meaning is context-dependent: it may refer more specifically to the "unsatisfactoriness" or "unease" of craving for and grasping after transient 'things' (i.e. sensory objects, including thoughts), or expecting pleasure from them while ignorant of this transientness. In Buddhism, dukkha is part of the first of the Four Noble Truths and one of the three marks of existence. The term also appears in scriptures of Hinduism, such as the Upanishads, in discussions of moksha (spiritual liberation).

While the term dukkha has often been derived from the prefix du- ("bad" or "difficult") and the root kha ("empty", "hole"), meaning a badly fitting axle-hole of a cart or chariot giving "a very bumpy ride", it may actually be derived from duḥ-stha, a "dis-/ bad- + stand-", that is, "standing badly, unsteady", "unstable".
Alnwick
Alnwick (/ˈænɪk/ ⓘ AN-ik) is a market town in Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town. The population at the 2021 Census was 8,430.

The town is 32 miles (51 km) south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Scottish border, 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea at Alnmouth and 34 miles (55 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne; it is sited on the south bank of the River Aln.

The town dates to about AD 600 and thrived as an agricultural centre. Alnwick Castle was the home of the most powerful medieval northern baronial family, the Earls of Northumberland. It was a staging post on the Great North Road between Edinburgh and London.

Earl of Northumberland
The title of Earl of Northumberland has been created several times in the Peerage of England and of Great Britain, succeeding the title Earl of Northumbria. Its most famous holders are the House of Percy (alias Perci), who were the most powerful noble family in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages. The heirs of the Percys, via a female line, were ultimately made Duke of Northumberland in 1766, and continue to hold the earldom as a subsidiary title.
Winchelsea Cutting
Winchelsea Cutting is a 0.15-hectare (0.37-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the southern outskirts of Winchelsea in East Sussex. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This site exposes the top two metres of the Ashdown Sand Formation and the bottom four metres of the Wadhurst Clay Formation, dating to the Wealden Group of the Lower Cretaceous around 140 million years ago.

The site is at the side of the A259 road.

Wadhurst Clay Formation
The Wadhurst Clay Formation is a geological unit which forms part of the Wealden Group and the middle part of the now unofficial Hastings Beds. These geological units make up the core of the geology of the High Weald in the English counties of West Sussex, East Sussex and Kent.

The other component formations of the Hastings Beds are the underlying Ashdown Formation and the overlying Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation. The Hastings Beds in turn form part of the Wealden Group which underlies much of southeast England. The sediments of the Weald, including the Wadhurst Clay Formation, were deposited during the Early Cretaceous Period, which lasted for approximately 40 million years from 140 to 100 million years ago. The Wadhurst Clay is of Early to Late Valanginian age. The Formation takes its name from the market town of Wadhurst in East Sussex.
Bay Building (Vancouver)
The Bay Building is a six-storey building on the corner of Granville Street and Georgia Street in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was the flagship store of the Hudson's Bay department store chain until the company's closure in June 2025. The cream terra cotta building with Corinthian columns was built in 1914, 1926, and 1927. The last additions were made in 1949. The current store was built on the site of another HBC store from 1893.

Downtown Vancouver
Downtown Vancouver is the central business district and the city centre neighbourhood of Vancouver, Canada, on the northwestern shore of the Burrard Peninsula in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. It occupies most of the north shore of the False Creek inlet, which cuts into the Burrard Peninsula creating the Downtown Peninsula, where the West End neighbourhood and Stanley Park are also located.

Along with West End, Stanley Park and the nearby Downtown Eastside, Downtown makes up Central Vancouver, one of the city's three main areas (the others being East Side and West Side).

With a disproportionately high amount of residential towers for a central business district in a geographically constrained area, Downtown Vancouver is one of the densest areas in the country.
Angel Perkins
Angel Perkins (born 5 October 1984) is an American former hurdler and sprinter specializing in the 400 metres and the 2008 World Athletics Indoor Championships bronze medalist in the 4 × 400 m relay. As a prep, she won gold medals at the 2001 World U18 Championships in the 200 m and medley relay, and was described as among the best high school sprinters ever in the 100 m and 200 m and world-class on the 400 m. While competing for the Baylor Bears track and field team, she went on to win medals at both the Pan American junior and senior athletics championships before earning World Indoor bronze in 2008.

Gahr High School
Richard Gahr High School, often simply known as Gahr High School, is a public, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math) magnet high school in Cerritos, California, serving grades 9-12. Gahr High is one of three comprehensive high schools in the ABC Unified School District.

The school is a two-time (2007, 2021) California Distinguished School. It is opposite to Artesia Cemetery.
Arthur Hill Gilbert
Arthur Hill Gilbert (June 10, 1893 – April 1970) was an American Impressionist painter, notable as one of the practitioners of the California-style. Today, he is remembered for his large, colorful canvases depicting meadows and groves of trees along the state's famed 17 Mile Drive. Gilbert was part of the group of American impressionist artists who lived and painted in the artists' colony scene in California at Carmel and Laguna Beach during the 1920s and 1930s.

Bonhams & Butterfields
Bonhams and Butterfield was a large American auction house, founded in 1865 by William Butterfield in San Francisco.

It was purchased in 1999 from Bernard Osher by online auctioneer eBay for $260 million.

In 2002, it was acquired from eBay by British auctioneer Bonhams and operated under the name Bonhams & Butterfields for about ten years. It now just goes by Bonhams.
Agonopterix rosaciliella
Agonopterix rosaciliella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by August Busck in 1904. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alaska and western Saskatchewan through Washington to California and Arizona.

The wingspan is 20–26 mm. The forewings are ochreous-white overlaid with reddish and suffused with reddish fuscous, and irrorated with sparse blackish scales. The basal portion of the forewings is light and contains a fuscous spot and is followed by a deep reddish-fuscous shade. There is a series distinct fuscous spots on the costa and termen, the former alternated with small whitish-ochreous spots. There are also four white discal spots, edged with black. The hindwings are light fuscous.

The larvae feed on Angelica arguta, Angelica hendersonii, Conioselinum chinense, Ligusticum apiifolium, Oenanthe sarmentosa, Osmorhiza chilensis, Osmorhiza occidentalis and Echinopanax horridum.

August Busck
Augustus Busck (February 18, 1870 in Randers, Denmark – March 7, 1944) was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology, stationed in the U.S. National Museum. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.