hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shubert (surname)
Shubert is a Yiddish spelling of the German surname Schubert. Notable people with the surname include:

The Shubert family, prominent in American theatre, notably:
Lee Shubert (1871–1953)
Sam S. Shubert (1878–1905)
Jacob J. Shubert (1879–1963)

Atika Shubert (born 1970), American journalist based in Spain

Fern Shubert (born 1947), American politician in North Carolina

Frank Shubert (1841–1920), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient

Jimmy Shubert, American stand-up comedian

Shubert family
The Shubert family, of brothers Lee, Sam, and Jacob, was a central force in the establishment and expansion of both  the legitimate theatre and vaudeville in the United States in the first half of the 20th century. By 1924, the Shubert Organization they founded controlled 75 percent of all American theatres, producing 25 percent of all plays, triggering the creation of Actor's Equity as a performing arts labor union in backlash.  The organization's dominance resulted in a mid-1950s Supreme Court antitrust ruling forcing the brothers to partially divest their empire.

As of 2024, the Shubert Organization owns 17 Broadway theaters in New York City's Theater District, still the hub of the theatre industry in America, as well as off-Broadway venues and theatres in Boston and Philadelphia.
Noli
Noli (Italian: [ˈnɔːli]; Ligurian: Nöi [ˈnɔːi]) is a coast comune of Liguria, Italy, in the Province of Savona, it is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Genoa by rail, about 4 metres (13 ft) above sea-level.  The origin of the name may come from Neapolis, meaning "new city" in Greek.

It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). From 1192 to 1797 Noli was one of the maritime republics, the Republic of Noli.

Province of Savona
The province of Savona (Italian: provincia di Savona; Ligurian: provinsa de Sann-a) is a province in the Liguria region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Savona. The province has a total population of 279,754.
Donald Howard Menzel
Donald Howard Menzel (April 11, 1901 – December 14, 1976) was one of the first theoretical astronomers and astrophysicists in the United States. He discovered the physical properties of the solar chromosphere, the chemistry of stars, the atmosphere of Mars, and the nature of gaseous nebulae.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
Letters from the Lost
Letters from the Lost: A Memoir of Discovery is a non-fiction memoir, written by Canadian writer Helen Waldstein Wilkes, first published in December 2009 by Athabasca University Press. In the book, the author chronicles her discoveries after reading a box of letters she had never before seen. Her Jewish parents had fled Czechoslovakia in April 1939 to seek haven in Canada. Once in place, they corresponded with family and friends, encouraging them to escape the mounting peril that Hitler had envisioned as the Final Solution. Wilkes would learn that shortly after her parents migration, the ability to flee had been curtailed; and that each letter, compounded the historical anguish the writers were forced to endure.

Sanctuary
A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine, protected by ecclesiastical immunity. By the use of such places as a haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety. This secondary use can be categorized into human sanctuary, a safe place for people, such as a political sanctuary; and non-human sanctuary, such as an animal or plant sanctuary.
British Columbia Highway 97
Highway 97 is a major highway in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is the longest continuously numbered route in the province, running 2,081 kilometres (1,293 miles) and is the only route that runs the entire north–south length of British Columbia, linking the Canada–United States border near Osoyoos in the south with the British Columbia–Yukon boundary in the north at Watson Lake, Yukon.

The highway connects several major cities in BC Interior, including Kelowna, Kamloops, Prince George, and Dawson Creek. Within and near these cities, Highway 97 varies from a two-lane highway to a freeway with as many as six lanes. Some remote sections also remain unpaved and gravelled. The route takes its number from U.S. Route 97, with which it connects at the international border. The highway was initially designated '97' in 1953.

Gravel road
A gravel road is a type of unpaved road surfaced with gravel that has been brought to the site from a quarry or stream bed. Gravel roads are common in less-developed nations, and also in the rural areas of developed nations such as Canada and the United States. In New Zealand, and other Commonwealth countries, they may be known as metal roads. They may be referred to as "dirt roads" in common speech, but that term is used more for unimproved roads with no surface material added. If well constructed and maintained, a gravel road is an all-weather road.
Benjamin Gregory (cricketer)
Benjamin Gregory (1863–1951) was an English cricketer active from 1895 to 1902 who played for Nottinghamshire. Gregory appeared in five first-class matches, bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, England on 6 October 1863 and died Kilton, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, England on 27 January 1951. Gregory scored nine runs, once he reached the four score, and took 9 wickets.

Eastwood, Nottinghamshire
Eastwood is a town and civil parish in the Broxtowe district of Nottinghamshire, England, 9 miles (14 km) northwest of Nottingham. Mentioned in Domesday Book, it expanded rapidly during the Industrial Revolution. The Midland Railway was formed here and it is the birthplace of D. H. Lawrence.
Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins
Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins is a Canadian philosopher who holds a Canada Research Chair and is Professor of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia. She is also a professor at the Northern Institute of Philosophy, University of Aberdeen. Her primary research areas are epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of logic, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mathematics. She is one of the principal editors of the journal Thought.

Thought: A Journal of Philosophy
Thought: A Journal of Philosophy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Philosophy Documentation Center in cooperation with the Thought Trust.  The journal covers logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, epistemology, philosophy of language, and metaphysics.  The editors-in-chief are Crispin Wright (Universities of Stirling and New York), John Divers (University of Leeds), and Kathrin Glüer-Pagin (Stockholm University). From 2012 to 2021 this journal was published by Wiley-Blackwell.
Command substitution
In computing, command substitution is a facility that allows a command to be run and its output to be pasted back on the command line as arguments to another command.  Command substitution first appeared in the Bourne shell, introduced with Version 7 Unix in 1979, and has remained a characteristic of all later Unix shells. The feature has since been adopted in other programming languages as well, including Perl, PHP, Ruby and Microsoft's Powershell under Windows.  It also appears in Microsoft's CMD.EXE in the FOR command and the ( ) command.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
United States House Committee on Commerce and Manufactures
The United States House Committee on Commerce and Manufactures was a standing committee of the U.S. House from 1795 until 1819, when the two initially related subjects were split into the Committee on Commerce and the Committee on Manufactures.  Its related committee in the U.S. Senate was the Senate Committee on Commerce and Manufactures, which was established in 1816, and similarly split in 1825.

The committee's commercial aspects, issues and jurisdiction follow through the Committee on Commerce from 1819 to 1892, the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce from 1892 to 1968.  With the relatively recent addition of issues and jurisdiction related to energy, commerce is now within the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

United States Senate Committee on Commerce and Manufactures
The United States Senate Committee on Commerce and Manufactures was one of the original standing committees created in the Senate in 1816, but it only lasted nine years, when it was split into the Committee on Commerce and the Committee on Manufactures.  It functions are now under the jurisdiction of the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation.
Theras
Theras (Ancient Greek: Θήρας) was a regent of Sparta, a son of Autesion and the brother of Aristodemos' wife Argeia, a Cadmid of Theban descent. He served as regent for his nephews Eurysthenes and Procles.

The island of Thera (now Santorini) was named for Theras who, with fellow Spartans, colonized the island.

Eurysthenes
Eurysthenes (Greek: Εὐρυσθένης, "widely ruling") was king of Sparta and one of the Heracleidae in Greek mythology. He was a son of Aristodemus and Argia, daughter of Autesion. He had a twin brother, Procles. Together they received the land of Lacedaemon after Cresphontes, Temenus and Aristodemus defeated Tisamenus, the last Achaean king of the Peloponnesus. Eurysthenes married Lathria, daughter of Thersander, King of Kleonae, sister of his sister-in-law Anaxandra, and was the father of his successor, Agis I, founder of the Agiad dynasty of the Kings of Sparta.

The title of archēgetēs, "founding magistrate," was explicitly denied to Eurysthenes and Procles by the later Spartan government on the grounds that they were not founders of a state, but were maintained in their offices by parties of foreigners. Instead the honor was granted to their son and grandson, for which reason the two lines were called the Agiads and the Eurypontids.
Mandu (food)
Mandu (Korean: 만두), or mandoo, are dumplings in Korean cuisine. Mandu can be steamed, boiled, pan-fried, or deep-fried. The styles also vary across regions in the Korean Peninsula. Mandu were long part of Korean royal court cuisine, but are now found in supermarkets, restaurants, and snack places such as pojangmacha and bunsikjip throughout South Korea.

Bunsik
In Korean cuisine, bunsik (Korean: 분식) are inexpensive  dishes available at bunsikjeom (분식점) or bunsikjip (분식집) snack restaurants. Bunsik literally means "food made from flour," referring to dishes such as ramyeon (라면; noodle soup) and bread, but modern bunsik restaurants serve other dishes in large portions at low prices, such as gimbap, tteokbokki, rabokki (tteokbokki with ramyeon), sundae, eomuk, and twigim. One bunsikjip chain is called "Gimbap Cheonguk".
1922–23 in Belgian football
The 1922–23 season was the 23rd season of competitive football in Belgium. Union Saint-Gilloise won their 8th Division I title. At the end of the season, SC Anderlechtois and Uccle Sport were relegated to the Promotion, while RFC Liégeois and RC de Gand were promoted.The format of the Promotion was changed for the following season, with two Divisions of 14 clubs each and the winners of each Division promoting to Division I.

RFC Liège
Royal Football Club de Liège (more commonly known as RFC Liège) is a professional football club based in Liège, capital of Liège Province, Belgium. The team currently play in  Challenger Pro League, the second tier in Belgian football. Its matricule is 4, meaning that it was the fourth club to register with the country's national federation (founded 1895), and the club was the first Belgian champion in history (5 Championships & 1 Cup). The 'philosophy' of the club is based on integration of local young players and on popular and faithful support. The club was also known for being 'homeless' between 1995 and 2015, but is now playing on its own ground in the Rocourt area of Liège.

In 1990, FC Liège precipitated a ground-breaking ruling for European football, when its refusal to release Jean-Marc Bosman after his contract ran out led to the Bosman ruling, a European Court of Justice decision that caused major changes to the structure of European football.
Kasongan
Kasongan (abbreviated: KSN) is the regency seat of Katingan Regency and also one of the towns in Central Kalimantan. This town is at a distance of 80 km west-northwest of Palangka Raya city, the capital of Central Kalimantan Province. This town also consists of 2 sub-districts i.e. the sub-district of Old Kasongan and New Kasongan. The population of this town is approximately 18,572 people as of 2021.

Regency seat
A regency seat (Indonesian: Ibu kota kabupaten) is a capital or seat of government of a regency in Indonesia. It is roughly equivalent of county seat in the United States or county town in the United Kingdom. Legally, regency seats are not administrative subdivisions of Indonesia and have no official boundaries. A regency seat may occupy an entire district (such as Sigli in Pidie Regency, Ngawi (town) in Ngawi Regency), a part of district (such as Sarilamak in Harau district, Lima Puluh Kota Regency), or several districts (such as Ungaran, which consists of West Ungaran district and East Ungaran district in  Semarang Regency).

The regent offices in most Indonesian regencies usually have Traditional design representing a Region, although dome in a roof sometimes can be added in some Indonesian regent offices, resembling a U.S. state capitol or a county courthouse.
Willkommen im Beerdigungscafé
Willkommen im Beerdigungscafé (German for "welcome to the funeral café") is the first studio album by German metalcore band Callejon. It was released on 7 July 2006 thorough record label My Favourite toy. The CD version was issued in a standard jewel case package with white CD tray and a sixteen-page booklet.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Halmyris
Halmyris (Ancient Greek: Ἁλμυρίς)  was a Roman and Byzantine fort, settlement and naval port, located 2.5 km east of the village of Murighiol at the mouth of the Danube Delta in Romania. Its name in Roman times was probably Almyridensium.

Halmyris occupied a key location in antiquity at the end of the Roman Moesian Limes frontier defensive system and is included in no less than eight important Greek and Latin sources, including the Itinerarium Antonini and Notitia Dignitatum.

Halmyris served as a depot for supplies, colonisation and cultural exchange in the region for 1,100 years from the Iron Age to the Byzantine period.

Danube Delta
The Danube Delta is the second largest river delta in Europe, after the Volga Delta, and is the best preserved on the continent. Occurring where the Danube River empties into the Black Sea, most of the Danube Delta lies in Romania (Tulcea County), with a small part located in Ukraine (Odesa Oblast). Its approximate surface area is 4,152 square kilometres (1,603 square miles), of which 3,446 km2 (1,331 sq mi) is in Romania. With the lagoons of Razim–Sinoe (1,015 km2 or 392 sq mi with 865 km2 or 334 sq mi water surface), located south of the main delta, the total area of the Danube Delta is 5,165 km2 (1,994 sq mi). The Razim–Sinoe lagoon complex is geologically and ecologically related to the delta proper; the combined territory is listed as a World Heritage Site.
Camilo Ayala
Camilo Andrés Ayala Quintero (born 23 June 1986) is a Colombian football manager and former footballer, who mostly played as a defensive midfielder but could also play as a winger. He is the current manager of Alianza.

2025 Liga DIMAYOR
The 2025 Liga DIMAYOR (officially known as the 2025 Liga BetPlay Dimayor season for sponsorship purposes) was the 78th season of the top-flight of the Colombian football league. The season began on 24 January and ended on 16 December 2025.

Two tournaments (Apertura and Finalización) were played in the season, each one of them being an independent championship. The Apertura tournament was won by Santa Fe, who claimed their tenth league title after defeating Independiente Medellín 2–1 on aggregate in the finals, whilst Junior were the champions in the Finalización tournament, winning their eleventh league title after defeating Deportes Tolima 4–0 on aggregate in the finals. Atlético Nacional entered the season as defending champions, having won the 2024 Finalización tournament.
Karl Scheel
Karl Friedrich Franz Christian Scheel (10 March 1866 in Rostock – 8 November 1936 in Berlin) was a German physicist. He was a senior executive officer and head of Department IIIb at the Reich Physical and Technical Institute. Additionally, he served as editor of the journal Fortschritte der Physik, the semi-monthly bibliographic section of the journal Physikalische Berichte, the Verhandlungen of the German Physical Society, and the society’s journal Zeitschrift für Physik. From 1926 to 1935, he was editor of the Handbuch der Physik. An endowment by Scheel and his wife Melida funds the annual awarding of the Karl Scheel Prize by the Physical Society in Berlin.

The Science of Nature
The Science of Nature, formerly Naturwissenschaften, is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media covering all aspects of the natural sciences relating to questions of biological significance. It was founded in 1913 and intended as a German-language equivalent of the English-language journal Nature, at a time when German was still a dominant language of the natural sciences. The journal is now published in English.
Palmer Creek (Big Creek tributary)
Palmer Creek is a stream in Iron County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Big Creek.

The stream headwaters arise on the south flank of Taum Sauk Mountain at  and an elevation of approximately 1220 feet. The stream flows generally east for approximately two miles to its confluence with Big River south of Royal Gorge and adjacent to Missouri routes 72 and 21. The confluence is at  and an elevation of 942 feet.

Palmer Creek the name Parmer is a corruption of Parmer, the surname of a pioneer citizen.

Royal Gorge (Missouri)
Royal Gorge is a gap in Iron County in the U.S. state of Missouri. The gap is at a point where Minor Creek cuts through a ridge in Ketcherside Mountain. Routes 72 and 21 pass through the gap southwest of Ironton.

Royal Gorge most likely takes its name from the gorge of the same name in Colorado.
Fred Eychaner
Fred Eychaner (born 1944) is an American businessman and philanthropist.

Eychaner is the chairman of Newsweb Corporation.  He was included in Chicago magazine's 2014 list of the 100 most powerful Chicagoans. In 2005, the Chicago Tribune estimated his wealth at $500 million. In 2015, he was inducted into the Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame.

Eychaner is a major donor to Democratic campaigns, gay rights advocacy groups, and arts organizations.

Eychaner is gay and is married to Danny Leung.

Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame
41°56′58″N 87°38′57″W﻿ / ﻿41.9494°N 87.6491°W﻿ / 41.9494; -87.6491

The Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame (formerly Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame) is an institution founded in 1991 to honor persons and entities who have made significant contributions to the quality of life or well-being of the LGBT community in Chicago. It is the first city-sponsored hall of fame dedicated to LGBT people, organizations and community in the United States.
Jiří Vrdlovec
Jiří Vrdlovec (born 29 June 1956) is a Czechoslovak sprint canoer and marathon canoeist who competed in the early to mid-1980s. He won six medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (C-1 10000 m: 1983, 1985), one silver (C-1 10000 m: 1982, and three bronzes (C-1 1000 m: 1981, 1983; C-2 10000 m: 1981).

Vrdlovec also competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow where he finished fifth in both the C-2 500 m and C-2 1000 m events.

1981 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1981 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Nottingham, Great Britain.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the sixteenth championships in canoe sprint.
Narvacan
Narvacan, officially the Municipality of Narvacan (Ilocano: Ili ti Narvacan; Filipino: Bayan ng Narvacan), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 46,265 people.

Poblacion
Poblacion (from Spanish población, meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It may consist of a single barangay or multiple barangays. Colloquially, the poblacion area is also referred to as the bayan (see also other definitions of bayan), plaza, or centro.
2011 McMurry War Hawks football team
The 2011 McMurry War Hawks football team represented McMurry University during the 2011 NCAA Division III football season as a member of the American Southwest Conference (ASC). Led by third-year head coach Hal Mumme, the War Hawks played their home games at Wilford Moore Stadium in Abilene, Texas. The War Hawks finished the regular season going 7–1 in ASC play to finish second in the conference. The team received an at-large bid for the NCAA Division III playoffs, making the Division III playoffs for the first time in program history. In the first round, McMurry defeated no. 15 Trinity (TX) before falling to conference foe Mary Hardin–Baylor in the second round.

This was the first year the program competed as the War Hawks. In October 2006, the university announced that its athletic programs would compete without any names after the board of regents voted to drop the old nickname of Indians.

2011 NCAA Division III football season
The 2011 NCAA Division III football season, part of the college football season organized by the NCAA at the Division III level in the United States, began in August 2011, and concluded with the NCAA Division III Football Championship, also known as the Stagg Bowl, in December 2011 at Salem Football Stadium in Salem, Virginia. The Wisconsin–Whitewater Warhawks won their fourth, and third consecutive, Division III championship by defeating the Mount Union Purple Raiders, 13−10. This was the seventh of seven straight championship games between Mount Union (3 wins) and Wisconsin–Whitewater (4 wins).

The Gagliardi Trophy, given to the most outstanding player in Division III football, was awarded to Michael Zweifel, wide receiver from Dubuque.