hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wars of Augustus
The wars of Augustus are the military campaigns undertaken by the Roman government during the sole rule of the founder-emperor Augustus (30 BC – AD 14). This was a period of 45 years when almost every year saw major campaigning, in some cases on a scale comparable to the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), when Roman manpower resources were stretched to the limit. This period also saw expansion through diplomacy and annexation, without the direct use of military force. The result was a major expansion of the empire that Augustus inherited from the Roman Republic, although the attempted conquest of Germania ended in defeat despite the enormous deployment of resources involved. As a result of these campaigns, the Roman Empire assumed the borders it would hold, with a few modifications, for its entire history.

Qasr Ibrim
Qasr Ibrim (Arabic: قصر ابريم; Meroitic: Pedeme; Old Nubian: Silimi; Coptic: ⲡⲣⲓⲙ Prim; Latin: Primis) is an archaeological site in Lower Nubia, located in the modern country of Egypt. The site has a long history of occupation, ranging from as early as the eighth century BC to AD 1813, and was an economic, political, and religious center. Originally it was a major city perched on a cliff above the Nile, but the flooding of Lake Nasser after the construction of the Aswan High Dam – with the related International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia – transformed it into an island and flooded its outskirts. Qasr Ibrim is the only major archaeological site in Lower Nubia to have survived the Aswan Dam floods. Both prior to and after the floods, it has remained a major site for archaeological investigations.
Embryo Lake
Embryo Lake is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin, is within Woodland Caribou Provincial Park, and is the source of the Rostoul River.

There are three unnamed inflows at the northeast, northwest and west. The primary outflow, at the southwest and leading to Telescope Lake, is the Rostoul River, which flows via the Gammon River, the Bloodvein River, Lake Winnipeg, and the Nelson River to Hudson Bay.

Woodland Caribou Provincial Park
Woodland Caribou Provincial Park is a provincial park in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, west of the municipality of Red Lake. It borders Atikaki Provincial Park and Nopiming Provincial Park in eastern Manitoba, and is made up of Canadian Shield and boreal forest. Woodland Caribou Provincial Park is a wilderness park of 450,000 hectares (1,100,000 acres), and it became part of the Pimachiowin Aki UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018.

Access to the park is via float plane or canoe.  The park is noted as a wilderness canoe destination, with over 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) of waterways that weave a pattern between large interconnected lakes and rivers, including the Bloodvein River and the Gammon River.  Portages connect many of the common canoe routes.  The park has many archaeological sites containing many Ojibway pictographs.
Jameh Mosque of Semnan
The Jāmeh Mosque of Semnan (Persian: مسجد جامع سمنان, romanized: Masjed-e Jameh-e Semnan; Arabic: جامع سمنان) is a Shi'ite Friday mosque (jāmeh), located in the city of Semnan, in the province of Semnan, Iran. It is believed that this mosque was built in the 5th century AH (11th century CE) on the ruins of a fire temple. Subsequently, there have been many changes and developments to the mosque structure, with traces of the Seljuq and Timurid eras most notable.

Both the Seljuk style mosque and its minaret were added to the Iran National Heritage List on 6 January 1932, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Great Seljuk architecture
Great Seljuk architecture, or simply Seljuk architecture, refers to building activity that took place under the Great Seljuk Empire (11th–12th centuries). The developments of this period contributed significantly to the architecture of Iran, the architecture of Central Asia, and that of nearby regions. It introduced innovations such as the symmetrical four-iwan layout in mosques, advancements in dome construction, early use of muqarnas, and the first widespread creation of state-sponsored madrasas. Their buildings were generally constructed in brick, with decoration created using brickwork, tiles, and carved stucco.
Wenchi Municipal District
Wenchi Municipal District is one of the twelve districts in Bono Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as Wenchi District, until the western part of the district was split off to create Tain District on 12 November 2003 (effectively 17 February 2004); thus the remaining part has been retained as Wenchi District. It was later elevated to municipal district assembly status and has been renamed as Wenchi Municipal District on 29 February 2008. The municipality is located in the northeast part of Bono Region and has Wenchi as its capital town.

Bono Region
The Bono region is one of the 16 administrative regions of Ghana. It is as a result of the remainder of Brong-Ahafo region when Bono East region and Ahafo region were created. Sunyani, also known as the green city of Ghana, is the regional capital. Sunyani can pride itself as the cleanest capital city and a major conference destination.
Kota Kinabalu Monorail
The Kota Kinabalu Monorail is a proposed monorail line project since 2009 to be constructed in the Kota Kinabalu area by the Sabah state government. The proposals generated mixed reactions between mayor and politicians. As reported in the government website, the project was in the ground breaking process under the Kota Kinabalu development plan.

Groundbreaking
Groundbreaking, also known as cutting, sod-cutting, turning the first sod, turf-cutting, or a sod-turning ceremony, is a traditional ceremony in many cultures that celebrates the first day of construction for a building or other project. Such ceremonies are often attended by dignitaries such as politicians and businesspeople.

The shovel used during the groundbreaking is often a special ceremonial shovel, sometimes colored gold, meant to be saved for subsequent display and may be engraved. In other groundbreaking ceremonies, a bulldozer is used instead of a shovel to mark the first day of construction. In some groundbreaking ceremonies, the shovel and the bulldozer mark the first day of construction. In other places, this ceremony can be replaced by a "laying of the first stone" event.
Ronit Roy
Ronit Bose Roy (born 11 October 1965) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Hindi television and films and Bengali films. He gained immense popularity for playing Mihir Virani in the hugely successful soap opera Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi and Rishabh Bajaj in Kasautii Zindagii Kay. One of the highest paid television actors in India, he has earned numerous accolades including a Filmfare Award, five ITA Awards, and six Indian Telly Awards.

Anupama Chopra
Anupama Vinod Chopra (née Chandra) is an Indian author, journalist and film critic who served as the festival director of the MAMI Mumbai Film Festival from 2015 to 2023. She is also the founder and editor of the now-defunct digital platform Film Companion, which offered a curated look at cinema with an emphasis on Indian film. She has written several books on Indian cinema and has been a film critic for NDTV and India Today, as well as the Hindustan Times. She hosted a weekly film review show, The Front Row With Anupama Chopra, on Star World. She won the 2000 National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema for her first book Sholay: The Making of a Classic. Chopra joined the Indian outlet of The Hollywood Reporter as it was launched in 2024.
Shabden Park
Shabden Park is a  103-hectare (250-acre) nature reserve in Chipstead in Surrey. It is owned by Surrey County Council who manage the woodland areas, while the Surrey Wildlife Trust manage the grassland. The park is part of the Chipstead Downs Site of Special Scientific Interest.

This is a working farm which has wildflower meadows on chalk grassland together with areas of woodland.  It has a nationally scarce species of mining bee and other fauna include Roesel's bush-cricket and a variety of birds and butterflies.

There is access to footpaths through the farm only.

Andrenidae
The Andrenidae (commonly known as mining bees) are a large, nearly cosmopolitan family of solitary, ground-nesting bees. Most of the family's diversity is located in temperate or arid areas (warm temperate xeric). It includes some enormous genera (e.g., Andrena with over 1300 species, and Perdita with over 700). One of the subfamilies, Oxaeinae, is so different in appearance that they were typically accorded family status, but careful phylogenetic analysis reveals them to be an offshoot within the Andrenidae, very close to the Andreninae.
Nicolas Turquois
Nicolas Turquois (born 27 July 1972) is a French politician of the Democratic Movement (MoDem) who has been serving as a member of the French National Assembly since the 2017 elections, representing the department of Vienne.

A former farmer and deputy mayor of Ouzilly-Vignolles, Turquois resigned from his post in 2006 after a disagreement with the local president of the Loudun intermunicipal network, after which he joined the Union for French Democracy, which later became MoDem.

In March 2019, Turquois became a member of the French Commission on the Energy transition. Since 2020, he has been serving as his parliamentary group's co-rapporteur on the government's pension reform plans.

Democratic Movement (France)
The Democratic Movement (French: Mouvement démocrate, pronounced [muvmɑ̃ demɔkʁat]; MoDem [mɔdɛm]) is a centre to centre-right political party in France. MoDem was established by François Bayrou to succeed the Union for French Democracy (UDF) and contest the 2007 legislative election, after his strong showing in the 2007 presidential election. Initially named the Democratic Party (Parti démocrate), the party was renamed "Democratic Movement", because there was already a small Democratic Party in France.

MoDem secured an agreement with La République En Marche! (LRM) — later Renaissance (RE) — in the 2017 legislative election after Bayrou had endorsed the candidacy of Emmanuel Macron in February. The two parties have since been in alliance, as of late named Ensemble.

The party's founder and leader Bayrou served as Prime Minister of France from December 2024 to September 2025.
Charles R. Greco
Charles R. Greco (October 15, 1873 – February 22, 1963) was an American architect who worked in the Boston area during the first half of the 20th century. He was educated in the Cambridge public school system and studied architecture at the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard. Upon graduation he worked with the architectural firms of Wait & Cutter from 1893 to 1899, and Peabody & Stearns from 1900 to 1907, before starting his own practice.

Greco designed numerous religious buildings for both Roman Catholic and Jewish congregations in Massachusetts, Florida, and Ohio. He also provided the designs for many buildings for the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, including several fire stations. His work includes several public and religious schools.

Greco was a member of the Boston Society of Architects, American Institute of Architects, and the Knights of Columbus. Greco died February 22, 1963, in Trumbull, Connecticut.

Trumbull, Connecticut
Trumbull is a town located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, and borders on the cities of Bridgeport and Shelton, as well as the towns of Stratford, Fairfield, Easton and Monroe. The population was 36,827 during the 2020 census. The Trumbull area was the home of the Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation for thousands of years before the English settlement was made in 1639.

After independence, the successful American Yankees named the town after one of their own, Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785), a merchant, Patriot (American soldier) and statesman. Aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky lived in Trumbull during his active years, when he designed, built, and flew fixed-wing aircraft and put the helicopter into mass production for the first time.
Kluski, Wieluń County
Kluski [ˈkluski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pątnów, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south of Pątnów, 18 km (11 mi) south of Wieluń, and 97 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń County
Wieluń County (Polish: powiat wieluński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieluń, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 927.69 square kilometres (358.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,260, out of which the population of Wieluń is 24,347 and the rural population is 53,913.
Sectoral analysis
Sectoral analysis, also known as sectorial analysis, is a statistical analysis of the size, demographic, pricing, competitive, and other economic dimensions of a sector of the economy. The analysis can be done by industry or by customer designation. The method was further developed by Wynne Godley for use in macroeconomic analysis of national economies.

Analysis
Analysis (pl.: analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle, though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.

The word comes from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (analysis, "a breaking-up" or "an untying" from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening"). From it also comes the word's plural, analyses.

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to René Descartes (Discourse on the Method), and Galileo Galilei. It has also been ascribed to Isaac Newton, in the form of a practical method of physical discovery (which he did not name).

The converse of analysis is synthesis: putting the pieces back together again in a new or different whole.
1512 Oulu
1512 Oulu (provisional designation 1939 FE) is a dark Hildian asteroid, slow rotator and possibly the largest known tumbler orbiting in the outermost region of the asteroid belt. With a diameter of approximately 80 kilometers, it belongs to the fifty largest asteroids in the outer main-belt. The body was discovered on 18 March 1939, by Finnish astronomer Heikki Alikoski at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland and named for the Finnish town Oulu.

Iso-Heikkilä Observatory
Iso-Heikkilä Observatory (Finnish: Iso-Heikkilän tähtitorni, Swedish: Storheikkilä observatorium) is an amateur astronomical observatory used by a local amateur astronomical association, Turun Ursa ry in the Iso-Heikkilä district of Turku, Finland.

Referred to as Turku Observatory (062) by the Minor Planet Center, it was previously operated by the University of Turku from 1937 to 1972, and is the observatory where several Finnish discoverers of minor planets made their observations.
Christ Episcopal Church (Springfield, Missouri)
Christ Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church in Springfield, Greene County, Missouri.  The church nave was built in 1870, and is a board-and-batten Gothic Revival style structure with a stone chancel added in 1927–1928.  A two-story, Collegiate Gothic style stone parish hall was added in 1927.: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Greene County, Missouri
Greene County is located in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 298,915. making it the fourth most-populous county in Missouri and the most populous outside the Kansas City or Saint Louis metropolitan areas.

Its county seat and most-populous city is Springfield. The county was organized in 1833 and is named after American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene. Greene County is included in the Springfield metropolitan area. It is in the area of the Ozark Mountains and foothills.
Tom Webster (politician)
Thomas Stephen Webster, (born 5 July 1950) is a property valuer and former Labor Party local councillor and member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing the electorate of Wakehurst from 1978 to 1984.

Electoral district of Wakehurst
The Electoral district of Wakehurst is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It covers a significant part of Sydney's Northern Beaches as well as parts of the Forest District. Created in 1962, it has been won by the Liberal Party at all but three elections over the last half-century.
Lock and Dam No. 6
Lock and Dam No. 6 is a lock and dam located near Trempealeau, Wisconsin on the Upper Mississippi River near river mile 714.1. It was constructed and placed in operation in June 1936. The last major rehabilitation was from 1989 to 1999. The dam consists of 893 feet (272.2 m) long concrete structure with five roller gates and 10 tainter gates. Its earth embankment is 2,600 feet (792.5 m)long and the concrete overflow spillway is 1,000 feet (304.8 m) long. The lock is 110 feet (33.5 m) wide by 600 feet (182.9 m) long. The lock and dam are owned and operated by the St. Paul District of the United States Army Corps of Engineers-Mississippi Valley Division.

Tainter gate
The Tainter gate is a type of radial arm floodgate used in dams and canal locks to control water flow. It is named for its inventor, the Wisconsin structural engineer Jeremiah Burnham Tainter.

Tainter, an employee of the lumber firm Knapp, Stout and Co., invented the gate in 1886 for use on the company's dam that forms Lake Menomin in the United States.
James Richard Strong
James Richard Strong (January 10, 1921 - 1998) was an American Republican politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives.  He later served in the Missouri Senate in the 1980s.  He was born in Marshfield, Missouri, and was educated at Jefferson City public schools, the United States Naval Training Center, and other United States Navy schools in San Diego, California, and San Pedro, California.  On September 20, 1947, he married Frances Sue Quinn in Jefferson City, Missouri.  He was aboard the USS Phoenix during the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Missouri Senate
The Missouri Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the lower chamber being the Missouri House of Representatives. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 181,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years. The Senate chooses a President Pro Tempore to serve in the absence of the lieutenant governor or when he shall have to exercise the office of governor of Missouri if there is a vacancy in that office due to death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacitation.

Members of the Missouri General Assembly are prohibited from serving more than eight years in either the state house of representatives or state senate, or a total of sixteen years, due to statutory term limits.
Žatec (Jihlava District)
Žatec is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Žatec lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Jihlava and 126 km (78 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
La Romaine, Haute-Saône
La Romaine (French pronunciation: [la ʁɔmɛn], lit. 'The Romaine') is a commune in the Haute-Saône department of eastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Le Pont-de-Planches, Greucourt and Vezet.

Romaine (Saône)
The Romaine (French pronunciation: [ʁɔmɛn] ⓘ) is a 25.4 km long river in Haute-Saône in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, eastern France. It rises in Fondremand and flows generally west to join the Saône at Vellexon-Queutrey-et-Vaudey.
Sinoascus
Sinoascus paillatus is an extinct species of stem-group ctenophore, known from the Maotianshan shales of Yunnan, China. It is dated to Cambrian Stage 3 and belongs to late Early Cambrian strata.

Fossil specimens are poorly preserved, providing little details, if any at all, about the anatomy of the comb rows.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
2-Bromoanisole
2-Bromoanisole is an organobromide with the formula BrC6H4OCH3.  A colorless liquid, it is one of three isomers of bromoanisole, the others being 3-bromoanisole and 4-bromoanisole. It is a standard coupling partner in metal catalyzed coupling reactions.  These reactions include Heck reactions, Buchwald-Hartwig coupling, Suzuki couplings, and Ullmann condensations.  The corresponding Grignard reagent readily forms.  It is a precursor to o-anisaldehyde.

Heck reaction
The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki–Heck reaction) is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst  to form a substituted alkene. It is named after Tsutomu Mizoroki and Richard F. Heck. Heck was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which he shared with Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki, for the discovery and development of this reaction. This reaction was the first example of a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction that followed a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle, the same catalytic cycle that is seen in other Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The Heck reaction is a way to substitute alkenes.