hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Young (agriculturist)
Arthur Young FRS (11 September 1741 – 12 April 1820) was an English agriculturist. Not himself successful as a farmer, he built on connections and activities as a publicist a substantial reputation as an expert on agricultural improvement. After the French Revolution of 1789, his views on its politics carried weight as an informed observer, and he became an important opponent of British reformers.

Young is considered a major English writer on agriculture and an early contributor to agricultural economics, although he is best known as a social and political observer. Also read widely were his Tour in Ireland (1780) and Travels in France (1792).

Agricultural economics
Agricultural economics is an applied field of economics concerned with the application of economic theory in optimizing the production and distribution of food and fiber products. 
Agricultural economics began as a branch of economics that specifically dealt with land usage. It focused on maximizing the crop yield while maintaining a good soil ecosystem.  Throughout the 20th century the discipline expanded and the current scope of the discipline is much broader.  Agricultural economics today includes a variety of applied areas, having considerable overlap with conventional economics. Agricultural economists have made substantial contributions to research in economics, econometrics, development economics, and environmental economics.  Agricultural economics influences food policy, agricultural policy, and environmental policy.
Birgitta Hoffmann
Birgitta Hoffmann (born 18 May 1969) is an archaeologist and adult education teacher. Her research covers the Roman military, especially the Roman frontiers and ancient glass and beads of the first millennium AD.

Limes (Roman Empire)
Limes (Latin; sg., pl.: limites) is a term used primarily for the Germanic border defence or delimiting system of ancient Rome marking the borders of the Roman Empire. The term has been extended in modern times to refer to the frontier defences in other parts of the empire, such as in the east and in Africa.
NHL 2K8
NHL 2K8 is an ice hockey video game made by 2K, and published on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 consoles. It features former Ottawa Senators centre Jason Spezza on its cover. Bob Cole and Harry Neale return from NHL 2K6 and NHL 2K7 to provide commentary.

New features in the game include an all-new faceoff system, an all-new ProStick system involving the right skill stick to deke, take faceoffs and puck handle, and an all-new system called Superstar Combo moves, which mimics real-life dekes and fakes by actual NHL players to use in the game with the push of a button. Also, the game included an all-new goaltending system, with all-new graphics and movement.

NHL 2K8 introduced the new Reebok Edge jerseys through the use of a code found on the 2K Sports website.

The soundtrack has 16 rock songs from various artists including Priestess, Comeback Kid, Stellastarr, and other rock bands.

Face-off
A face-off is the method used to begin and restart play after goals in some sports using sticks, primarily ice hockey, inline hockey, bandy, floorball, broomball, rinkball, and lacrosse.

During a face-off, two teams line up in opposition to each other, and the opposing players attempt to gain control of the puck or ball after it is dropped or otherwise placed between their sticks by an official.
Felicissimus and Agapitus
Felicissimus and Agapitus were two of the six deacons of Pope Sixtus II who were martyred with him on or about 6 August 258, Felicissimus and Agapitus on the same day as the Pope. The seventh deacon, Lawrence of Rome, was martyred on 10 August of the same year.

Felicissimus and Agapitus are venerated particularly at the Catacombs of Praetextatus on the Via Appia, where they were buried.

The Tridentine calendar commemorated Sixtus, Felicissimus, and Agapitus on the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, 6 August. They remained in that position in the General Roman Calendar until 1969, when, with the abolition of commemorations, the memorial of Pope Sixtus "and his companions" was moved to 7 August, the day immediately after that of their death.

General Roman Calendar
The General Roman Calendar (GRC) is the liturgical calendar in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. It indicates the dates of celebrations of saints and mysteries of Jesus according to Christianity wherever this liturgical rite is in use. Some celebrations are a fixed annual date, or occur on a particular day of the week, for example the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord in January and the Feast of Christ the King in November. Other dates relate to the date of Easter, such as the celebrations of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
Operation Khyber
Khyber was the code-name for a 2014–2017 military offensive conducted by Pakistan's military in the Khyber Agency in four phases; Khyber-1, Khyber-2, Khyber-3 and Khyber-4.

Khyber Agency was among Pakistan's seven semi-autonomous tribal districts near the Afghan border, rife with insurgents and militants. Terrorist organisations including Al Qaeda and ISIS have had presence there. The plains of Bara held strategic significance for militant groups as they connect the agency to the outskirts of Peshawar. The key area also straddled the NATO supply line into Afghanistan. The region has been long fought over by a mix of militant organisations, including the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the Ansar ul Islam and Mangal Bagh's Lashkar-e-Islam.

NATO logistics during the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Logistics operations by NATO forces during the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) took place under the auspices of the International Security Assistance Force from 2001 to 2014, then under the Resolute Support Mission from 2015 until 2021.

Since Afghanistan is a landlocked country, supplies had to pass through other countries in order to reach it, or else be delivered by air. Air transport was prohibitively expensive so NATO forces tended to rely on ground routes for non-lethal equipment. This was principally accomplished either by shipping goods by sea to the Pakistani port of Karachi in the southern Sindh province, or by shipping them through Russia and the Central Asian states.
Herman T. Schneebeli Federal Building and Courthouse
The Herman T. Schneebeli Federal Building and United States Courthouse is a federal building and courthouse in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. It is one of four locations that are part of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. The Herman T. Schneebeli Federal Building and Courthouse was opened in 1977 and was named after United States Representative Herman T. Schneebeli.

In 2019 the courthouse was home to the Bill Courtright bribery, extortion and criminal conspiracy case.

Bill Courtright
William L. Courtright (born December 1, 1957) is an American politician and the former mayor of Scranton, Pennsylvania. He was elected on November 5, 2013, defeating Republican Jim Mulligan, 55%–45%. He was re-elected on November 7, 2017, again defeating Republican nominee, Jim Mulligan, 52%–48%. In October 2020 he was sentenced to 7 years imprisonment on corruption charges.
Wankendorf (Amt)
Wankendorf was an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Plön, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt was in Wankendorf. In January 2008, it was merged with the Amt Bokhorst to form the Amt Bokhorst-Wankendorf.

The Amt Wankendorf consisted of the following municipalities:

Belau

Ruhwinkel

Stolpe

Wankendorf

54°07′01″N 10°12′29″E﻿ / ﻿54.117°N 10.208°E﻿ / 54.117; 10.208

Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county.
Mona Fortier
Mona N. Fortier PC MP (born August 26, 1972) is a Canadian politician who previously served as the President of the Treasury Board from 2021 to 2023. A member of the Liberal Party, Fortier has represented the electoral district of Ottawa—Vanier since winning the 3 April 2017 by-election. She previously served as the associate minister of finance and minister of middle class prosperity. Prior to her election, Fortier worked as Chief Director of Communications and Market Development for La Cité Collégiale in Ottawa. She was also president of the Ottawa—Vanier Liberal riding association and was an advisor on the Alex Munter mayoral campaign in 2006.

Minister of Finance (Canada)
The minister of finance (French: ministre des Finances) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Finance and presenting the federal government's budget each year. It is one of the most important positions in the Cabinet.

François-Philippe Champagne is the 42nd and current finance minister, assuming the role March 14, 2025 as a member of the new 30th Canadian Ministry of Mark Carney.
1933–34 La Liga
1933–34 La Liga season started on November 5, 1933, and finished on March 4, 1934.

Athletic Bilbao reconquered the title three seasons after. Oviedo made its debut in La Liga and due to the expansion of the league to twelve teams, there were not any relegation at the end of the season.

Real Oviedo
Real Oviedo (Spanish: [reˈal oˈβjeðo]; Asturian: Real Uviéu [reˈal uˈβjew]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Oviedo, Asturias. Founded on 26 March 1926, the club plays in LaLiga, the highest level of the Spanish football league system. The club plays at the Estadio Carlos Tartiere, opened on 30 September 2000, and is the largest sports stadium in Asturias. In the all-time league table for the Spanish top division (La Liga), Real Oviedo ranks 18th, as it has played 38 seasons.

The club's local rivals are Real Sporting Gijón on the sea coast to its north, with whom the club contests the Asturian derby.
Woodworth, Ohio
Woodworth is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Beaver Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,784 at the 2020 census. It lies along State Routes 7 and 626, bordering the communities of Boardman to the north and North Lima to the south. It is part of the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area.

Ohio State Route 7
State Route 7 (SR 7), formerly known as Inter-county Highway 7 until 1921 and State Highway 7 in 1922, is a north–south state highway in the southern and eastern portions of the U.S. state of Ohio.  At about 336 miles (541 km) in length, it is the longest state route in Ohio. Its southern terminus is an interchange with U.S. Route 52 (US 52) just west of Chesapeake.  Its northern terminus also serves as the eastern terminus of SR 531 in Conneaut.  The path of SR 7 stays within five miles (8.0 km) of the Ohio River (Ohio's border with West Virginia) for the southern portion, with the river being visible from much of the route.  The road also remains within 10 miles (16 km) of the Pennsylvania state line for the northern portion.
The highway is also parallel with West Virginia Route 2 for most of the route, seen from the Ohio River.
Icepick (band)
Icepick is an American metalcore band formed in 1996. It serves as a side project to Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed, Danny Diablo, and other musicians of the hardcore punk and hip hop scenes. Although founded in 1996, Icepick remained virtually stagnant until the song "Born to Crush You" appeared on UFC: Ultimate Beat Downs, Vol. 1 in August 2004. Former UFC heavyweight champion Andrei Arlovski frequently uses their song "Onward to Victory" as his entrance music for fights.

Icepick's debut album, Violent Epiphany, was released on April 18, 2006, under Jasta's record label, Stillborn Records. It features guest vocals by musicians including Ice-T, Roger Miret, Freddy Cricien, Al Barr, Paul Bearer of Sheer Terror, and Pete Morcey of 100 Demons. Wrote Allmusic, the album "is exactly what you'd expect from a Jasta-Ezec union -- spit-flying, angsty hollering and riffs that alternate between ragingly fast and grindingly slow."

Stillborn Records
Stillborn Records is an American-based independent record label, founded by Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed, and primarily operated by Jay Reason of the Distance. Stillborn Records has released a variety of bands, mainly focused in the genres of heavy metal and hardcore punk. Stillborn Records is based in West Haven, Connecticut.
Trainer (surname)
Trainer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Trainer (1927–1982), Australian rules footballer

David Trainer, American television director

David Trainer (1814-1890), American textile manufacturer

Douglas Trainer, former president of the National Union of Students of the United Kingdom

Harry Trainer (1872–?), Welsh international footballer

Jack Trainer, a character in the 2022 action-adventure comedy film The Lost City

James Trainer (1863–1915), Welsh association football player of the Victorian era

Joe Trainer (born 1968), American football coach and former player

John Trainer (born 1943), former Australian politician.

Marie Trainer (born 1940s), former mayor of Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada

Melissa Trainer (born 1978), American astrobiologist

Stephen Trainer, Scottish professional association footballer

Ted Trainer, an Australian academic, author, and an advocate

Todd Trainer, drummer for the band Shellac

Joe Trainer
Joe Trainer (born March 6, 1968) is an American former football coach and athletics administrator. He served as head football coach at Millersville University of Pennsylvania from 2005 to 2007 and the University of Rhode Island from 2009 to 2013, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 25–64. Trainer was the defensive coordinator for Villanova University from 2014 to 2018.

Trainer is a native of Roslyn, Pennsylvania. He joined Pope John Paul II High School in Royersford, Pennsylvania as their athletic director before stepping down in 2022. After being the athletic director for four years he stepped down to become a school counselor at La Salle College High School in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania.
Twenty Questions (Canadian game show)
Twenty Questions is a Canadian television game show, which aired on CTV in the 1961–62 television season. Produced by CJAY-TV in Winnipeg and hosted by Stewart MacPherson, the show was an adaptation of the earlier American game show Twenty Questions.

Panelists on the show included Rassy Ragland, the mother of Neil Young.

Twenty Questions was broadcast on Wednesday evenings, 19:30 in Toronto, beginning 4 October 1961. The program lasted only a single season on CTV. MacPherson, who had previously hosted a radio version of the show in Britain,  subsequently went on to host a British adaptation of Twenty Questions for Associated-Rediffusion.

Les Wedman, television columnist for The Vancouver Sun, deemed the production to be a "dull, witless presentation of a parlor [sic] game".

Stewart MacPherson (broadcaster)
Stewart Myles MacPherson (29 October 1908 – 16 April 1995) was a Canadian radio and television broadcaster, who worked extensively in Britain between the 1930s and 1950s.  Initially a sports commentator, he later developed a role as a compère of radio quiz shows.
Foro panarium
Foro panarium is an extinct bird of disputed taxonomic status that lived during the early to mid-Eocene around the Ypresian-Lutetian boundary, some 48 million years ago.  F. panarium is known from fossils found in the Green River Formation of Wyoming.

The taxonomical relations of F. panarium remain unclear. It is sometimes placed in a distinct family Foratidae. It was considered possibly related to cuckoos, turacos and/or the puzzling hoatzin of the Amazon. A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Field & Hsiang (2018) indicated that F. panarium was a stem-turaco.

Its scientific name is a Latin / German / English pun in homage to ornithologist Pierce Brodkorb.

Amazon biome
The Amazon biome (Portuguese: Bioma Amazônia) contains the Amazon rainforest, an area of tropical rainforest, and other ecoregions that cover most of the Amazon basin and some adjacent areas to the north and east. The biome contains blackwater and whitewater flooded forest, lowland and montane terra firma forest, bamboo and palm forest, savanna, sandy heath and alpine tundra. Some areas of the biome are threatened by deforestation for timber and to make way for pasture or soybean plantations.
Henry Durant (bishop)
Christianity portal

Henry Bickersteth Durant (also spelt Durrant; 17 March 1871 – 16 January 1932) was the Bishop of Lahore from 1913 until his death.

Durant was born into a very eminent ecclesiastical family – his father was Secretary of the Church Missionary Society, his uncle was Edward Bickersteth, Bishop of Exeter, and his cousin was Edward Bickersteth, Bishop of South Tokyo. He was educated at Highgate School, and Pembroke College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1894, after a curacy at St Matthew's, East Stonehouse, he became a missionary in  India, eventually rising to be Principal of St John's College, Agra. before elevation to the episcopate

Stonehouse, Plymouth
East Stonehouse was one of three towns that were amalgamated into modern-day Plymouth, in the ceremonial county of Devon, England. West Stonehouse was a village that is within the current Mount Edgcumbe Country Park in Cornwall. It was destroyed by the French in 1350.
The terminology used in this article refers to the settlement of East Stonehouse which is on the Devon side of the mouth of the Tamar estuary, and will be referred to as Stonehouse.
Souravli
The souravli (Greek: σουραύλι; Cretan Greek: θιαμπόλι thiamboli, or φιαμπόλι fiamboli; Cypriot Greek: πιθκιαύλιν "pithkiavlin") is a Greek folk instrument, a type of a fipple flute made of reed or wood. It has a 2 octave ambitus.

A double flute is called a disavli (δισαύλι), one with no holes and the other one having holes to play the melody.

In Cyclades, the souravli is very widespread, especially in the Greek island of Naxos.

Cyclades
The Cyclades (/ˈsɪklədiːz/; Greek: Κυκλάδες, romanized: Kykládes, IPA: [ciˈkla.ðes]) are an island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago. The name (Κυκλάδες νήσοι, Kykládes nísoi, 'encircling islands') refers to the archipelago forming a circle around the sacred island of Delos. The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos; the most populated, however, is Syros.
Rahal (clan)
Rahal (Punjabi: ਰਾਹਲ) are clan found among the Punjabi Jatt. The progenitor of these families are believed to have been born in (Reh). This clan believes in Sikhism. The main villages are Mangewal (ਮਾਗੇਵਾਲ), Halotali, Malewal, Bhadalthuha, Raisal,kalshna, Sudhewal, Ghundar, Dargapur, Ghullumajra, Kachwi ਕੱਛਵੀ and Haibatpur, Nainowal Jattan,ਨੈਨੋਵਾਲ ਜੱਟਾਂ(Hoshiarpur), Dhugga, ਧੁੱਗਾ, Dada,ਦਾਦਾ (Hoshiarpur)which all are in the district Patiala, and  Nainowal Jattan[Hoshiarpur] villages surrounding Hoshiarpur and  Nabha in the Punjab. Some people from this clan have migrated to countries like Canada, London, USA, etc.

Halotali
Halotali is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 146 kilometres (91 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).
2015 BB&T Atlanta Open – Doubles
Vasek Pospisil and Jack Sock were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Colin Fleming and Gilles Müller.
Bob and Mike Bryan won the title, defeating Fleming and Müller in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–2), [10–4].

Vasek Pospisil
Vasek Pospisil (/ˈvæʃɪk ˈpɒspɪsɪl/ VASH-ik POS-pih-sil; Czech: Vašek Pospíšil, pronounced [ˈvaʃɛk ˈpospiːʃɪl]; born June 23, 1990) is a Canadian former professional tennis player. Pospisil has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 25, and No. 4 in doubles. Along with partner Jack Sock, he won the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and the 2015 Indian Wells Masters men's doubles titles. He also reached the quarterfinals in singles at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships.
Dufferin Island
Dufferin Island is an island on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, on the south side of Seaforth Channel just northwest of Bella Bella. It was named in 1876 by Captain Chatfield and the officers of HMS Amethyst after Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.

Dufferin Island is part of a volcanic area called the Milbanke Sound Group which includes several monogenetic cinder cones. Holocene basaltic lava flows from Dufferin Island overlie adjacent beach deposits.

HMS Amethyst (1873)
HMS Amethyst was the lead ship of the Amethyst-class corvettes built for the Royal Navy in the early 1870s. She participated in the Third Anglo-Ashanti War in 1873 before serving as the senior officer's ship for the South American side of the South Atlantic. The ship was transferred to the Pacific Station in 1875 and fought in the Battle of Pacocha against the rebellious Peruvian ironclad warship Huáscar two years later. This made her the only British wooden sailing ship ever to fight an armoured opponent. After a lengthy refit, Amethyst again served as the senior officer's ship on the South American station from 1882 to 1885. She was sold for scrap two years later.
Amt Peitz
Amt Peitz is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Spree-Neiße, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Peitz.

The Amt Peitz consists of the following municipalities:

Drachhausen

Drehnow

Heinersbrück

Jänschwalde

Peitz

Tauer

Teichland

Turnow-Preilack

Jänschwalde
Jänschwalde (Sorbian: Janšojce) is a municipality in the district of Spree-Neiße in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated in the region of Lower Lusatia. The nearest town is Peitz; Cottbus is 25 km away.
Colestown Cemetery, Cherry Hill Township
Colestown Cemetery is in Cherry Hill Township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States, and is located at the intersection of Church Road and Kings Highway. The Gatehouse to the cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

The area now known as Cherry Hill was originally settled by the Lenni-Lenape Native Americans who coexisted peacefully with the first settlers from England, namely Quaker followers of William Penn who arrived in the late 17th century. The first settlement was a small cluster of homes named Colestown, in the perimeters of what is now the Colestown Cemetery.

New Jersey's 1st congressional district
New Jersey's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The district, which includes Camden and South Jersey suburbs, has been represented by Democrat Donald Norcross since November 2014. It is among the most reliably Democratic districts in New Jersey, as it is mainly made up of Democratic-dominated Camden County.
Robert C. Fuller
Robert C. Fuller (born 1952) is the Caterpillar Professor of Religious Studies at Bradley University. Specializing in religion and psychology, and contemporary religion in America, Fuller is the author of 13 books, including Mesmerism and the American Cure of Souls (1982); Spiritual, But Not Religious: Understanding Unchurched America (2001); and The Body of Faith: A Biological History of Religion in America (2013).

Bradley University
Bradley University is a private university in Peoria, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1897, Bradley University enrolls 5,200 students who are pursuing degrees in more than 100 undergraduate programs and more than 30 graduate programs in five colleges. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and 22 specialized and professional accreditors.