hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
So Disdained
So Disdained is the second published novel by British author, Nevil Shute (N.S. Norway). It was first published in 1928 by Cassell & Co., reissued in 1951 by William Heinemann, and issued in paperback by Pan Books in 1966. In the United States it was first published in 1928 by Houghton Mifflin in Boston, with the title The Mysterious Aviator.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Synnøve Anker Aurdal
Synnøve Anker Aurdal (8 December 1908 – 2 April 2000) was a Norwegian textile artist. Her awards include Jacob-prisen, Maihaugenprisen, the Prince Eugen Medal, Arts Council Norway Honorary Award, and the Order of St. Olav.

Textile arts
Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.

Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization. The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same, there are many functions for textiles. Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house/shelter. The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.  Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean. The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.  The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology: the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion.
Dave Vella
David A. Vella is a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 68th district since January 13, 2021. The 68th district covers parts of Cherry Valley, Loves Park, Machesney Park, Rockford, and Roscoe.

He was first elected to the state House after defeating Republican incumbent John Cabello in the 2020 Illinois House of Representatives election.

Cherry Valley, Illinois
Cherry Valley is a village of 8.72 square miles (22.6 km2) that lies primarily in Winnebago County, Illinois.  Approximately ten percent of the village is within Boone County. The village is within the Rockford, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area, and borders the southeast side of Rockford.  It is also within the Kishwaukee River valley. The population was 2,905 at the 2020 census, down from 3,162 as of the 2010 census.
2001 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 9 and 10 September 2001. The governing Labour Party lost seats and their vote share was the worst they had ever obtained in a post-war election. Although they still won a plurality of votes and seats, they were unable to form a government. Instead, a centre-right coalition of the Conservative Party, the Christian Democratic Party and Liberal Party was formed, led by Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik of the Christian Democratic Party, with confidence and supply support from the Progress Party.

Confidence and supply
In parliamentary democracies, especially those based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply is an arrangement under which a minority government (one which does not control a majority in the legislature) receives the support of one or more parties or independent MPs on confidence votes and the state budget ("supply"). On issues other than those outlined in the confidence and supply agreement, non-government partners to the agreement are not bound to support the government on any given piece of legislation.

A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement in which junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) are generally expected to hold the government whip on passing legislation and formally participate in the government, with members holding office in the cabinet and ministerial roles.
Meredith Weatherby
Oscar Meredith Weatherby  (February 25, 1915 – June 27, 1997) was an American publisher who was the founder of Weatherhill Publications. He spent a large part of his life in Japan and is known in particular for his English translations of literary works by Yukio Mishima.  Weatherby was also a long-term patron and romantic partner of the photographer Tamotsu Yato.

He also appeared in an acting role in the 1970 war movie Tora! Tora! Tora!, in which he played the part of the U.S. Ambassador to Japan, Joseph Grew.

A native of Waco, Texas, Weatherby died in La Jolla, California.

La Jolla
La Jolla (/lə ˈhɔɪə/ la HOY-uh, Latin American Spanish: [la ˈxoʝa]) is a hilly, seaside community planning area in San Diego, California, occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean.

La Jolla is located 12 miles (19 km) north of downtown San Diego and 45 miles (72 km) south of the Orange County line. The neighborhood's border borders Pacific Beach to the south and extends along the shoreline north to include Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve ending at Del Mar.

La Jolla is home to the University of California, San Diego, the Birch Aquarium, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Scripps Research, and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
Blaye-les-Mines
Blaye-les-Mines (French pronunciation: [blaj le min]; Occitan: Blaia) is a commune in the Tarn department and Occitanie region of southern France.

The settlement grew up around the home of Gabriel de Solages (1711–1799), who founded the Compagnie minière de Carmaux and a glassworks at his château at Blaye.

Tarn (department)
Tarn  (French: [taʁ(n)], Occitan: [taɾ]) is a department in the Occitania region in Southern France. Named after the river Tarn, it had a population of 389844 as of 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Albi; it has a single subprefecture, Castres. In French, the inhabitants of Tarn are known as Tarnais (masculine) and Tarnaises (feminine). Its INSEE and postcode number is 81.
Good Samaritan Hospital (Suffern)
Good Samaritan Hospital is a non-profit, 286-bed hospital in Suffern, New York. It provides emergency, medical, surgical, obstetrical, gynecological, and acute care services.

The hospital is home to a cardiovascular program, cancer treatment services, wound and hyperbaric institute and maternal/child services that includes a children's diagnostic center. Good Samaritan Hospital also provides social, psychiatric and substance abuse services and its certified home care agency supports residents of the Hudson Valley and beyond. Good Samaritan Hospital is a member of the Bon Secours Charity Health System, which also includes St. Anthony Community Hospital in Warwick, New York, and Bon Secours Community Hospital in Port Jervis, New York.

Bon Secours Charity Health System has subsequently become part of the WMCHealth. The hospital currently has a staff of more than 600 doctors and 2,000 employees. Its academic affiliate is the New York Medical College School of Medicine.

Joint Commission
The Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization that accredits more than 22,000 US health care organizations and programs. The international branch accredits medical services from around the world.

A majority of US state governments recognize Joint Commission accreditation as a condition of licensure for the receipt of Medicaid and Medicare reimbursements.

The Joint Commission is based in the Chicago suburb of Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois.
Congo women's national football team
The Congo women's national football team represents the Congo in international football.

Congo took part in the first African Championship in 1991, but withdrew before the tournament began. Congo did not compete at another championship until the 2004 tournament, where they beat Equatorial Guinea, but lost to Cameroon in qualification. During the qualification for the 2006 African Championship, they beat Togo over two legs, but did not turn up for the second qualifying round match against Ghana.

First in the 2008 Championship, Congo qualified by beating the Democratic Republic of Congo in the final qualifying round. Congo then went on to a group with Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon and Mali. They finished the group with three points after a win against Mali, and defeats to good Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon sides.

Despite good performances in 2008, they did not qualify for the 2010 African Championship. Therefore, they cannot qualify for the 2011 Germany World Cup.

2006 African Women's Championship
The 2006 African Women's Championship was the 7th edition of the biennial African women's association football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football. Originally scheduled to be held in Gabon in September, it took place in Nigeria for the 4th time from 28 October to 11 November 2006.

Gabon withdrew as hosts due to "organizational reasons", thus CAF gave this tournament edition's hosting rights to Nigeria in May 2006. Initially, this edition of the tournament was scheduled for September 2006, but it was moved to October due to weather considerations.

This edition of the tournament also doubled as the African qualification for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. Nigeria won its 5th consecutive title, beating Ghana 1–0 in the final, although both finalists were guaranteed qualification to that edition of the international tournament in China. South Africa's Portia Modise was named player of the championship.
Journal of Neurosurgery
The Journal of Neurosurgery (the JNS) is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of neurosurgery. It is published by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the editor-in-chief is James Rutka. It was established in 1944, with Louise Eisenhardt as founding editor. Originally published bimonthly, it switched to a monthly schedule in 1962. All content is freely available online after 12 months, until it is 10 years old. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 4.1.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
San Alberto District
San Alberto is a district of the Alto Paraná Department, Paraguay. The city of San Alberto is located in the district. According to the Paraguayan National Institute of Statistics, San Alberto had 11,692 inhabitants in 2023.

24°58′00″S 54°54′00″W﻿ / ﻿24.96667°S 54.9°W﻿ / -24.96667; -54.9

San Alberto, Paraguay
San Alberto is a city in the Alto Paraná department of Paraguay. It is one of the districts of Northern Alto Paraná and is located about 439 km. from the capital Asunción.

San Alberto has seen a rapid development and today is the main city in Northern Alto Paraná.

The city was founded by Alberto Fernández Valenzuela (1906-2005), a captain of the Paraguayan navy, who was president of the Empresa Colonizadora Industrial Mbaracayu S.A. (Industrial Colonizing Company Mbaracayu S.A.), initially was known as Gleba 6 and belonged to the district of Hernandarias.

The inhabitants are mostly of Brazilian origin.

Agriculture is the main source of economic income of the district.
Route 31 (MTA Maryland)
Route 31 is a bus route operated by the Maryland Transit Administration in Baltimore and its suburbs. The line currently runs from State Center Metro Station S east through downtown Baltimore to CCBC Dundalk. The main roads on which the line operates are MLK Boulevard, Pratt Street, Lombard Street, and Boston Street. The line serves the communities of Canton, Fells Point.

The bus route is the successor to the 11 Canton, 20 CCBC Dundalk,

State Center station
State Center station (formerly State Center/Cultural Center station) is an underground Baltimore Metro SubwayLink station in Baltimore, Maryland. It is a transit hub offering connections to the Baltimore Light RailLink system, the tenth most northern and western station on the line, the first one in the area viewed by many as "downtown Baltimore," and is within a 2 block walk of the Cultural Center station on the Light RailLink system, via Preston Street, and many area landmarks.

The stations elevator and escalator entrance is located on the corner of West Preston Street and North Eutaw Street which is directly adjacent to the Maryland States Office Complex, hence the name "State Center." It is within the boundaries of the Madison Park neighborhood and is also very close to the adjacent neighborhoods of Bolton Hill, Mid-Town Belvedere, Mount Vernon, and Seton Hill.
John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington
John Arthur Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington, KStJ, QPM, DL, FRSA (born 21 October 1942) is a former Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (head of the Metropolitan Police Service), having served from 2000 until 2005. From 1991 to 1996, he was Chief Constable of Northumbria Police before being appointed one of HM Inspectors of Constabulary in September 1996. He was then appointed Deputy Commissioner of the Met in 1998 until his promotion to Commissioner in 2000. He was a writer for the News of the World, for £7,000 an article, until his resignation as the hacking scandal progressed.

He sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher.

Crossbencher
A crossbencher is a minor party or independent member of some legislatures, such as the Parliament of Australia. In the British House of Lords the term refers to members of the parliamentary group of non-political peers. They take their name from the crossbenches, between and perpendicular to the government and opposition benches, where crossbenchers sit in the chamber.
Pekiti-Tirsia Kali
Pekiti-Tirsia Kali is a style specific to Filipino martial arts. Pekiti-Tirsia Kali was founded in 1897 and is the system of the Tortal family. The sole heir and guardian of this system is Leo Gaje. Pekiti-Tirsia is strictly a combat-oriented system, as opposed to a sport-focused fighting style. It is a fighting system that focuses on edged, impact, and improvised weapons. PTK has been adopted as one of the preferred combative training programs by several elite military and law enforcement units around the world. It is considered a highly lethal method of self-defense.

Dan Inosanto
Dan Inosanto (born July 24, 1936) is an American martial arts instructor and actor. Inosanto holds instructor or black belt level ranks in several martial arts. He has studied traditional Karate, Judo, Jujutsu, Kung Fu, Shooto, Muay Thai, Tai Chi, Arnis, and Jeet Kune Do. He was one of three people who were appointed to teach at one of the three Jun Fan Gung Fu institutes under Bruce Lee, the other two being Taky Kimura and James Yimm Lee. After Bruce Lee's death, Inosanto became the principal spokesperson and historian for Jeet Kune Do.

Inosanto is credited for training martial arts to a number of Hollywood actors including Bruce Lee, Chuck Norris and others. He has had minor roles in a number of films, including Lee's uncompleted last film Game of Death (1972), and Steven Seagal's Out for Justice (1991).
Border cells (Drosophila)
The border cells are a cluster of 6–8 cells that migrate in the ovariole of the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster, during the process of oogenesis. A fly ovary consists of a string of ovarioles or egg chambers arranged in an increasing order of maturity. Each egg chamber contains 16 central germline, nurse cells surrounded by a monolayer epithelium of nearly 1000 follicle cells. At stage 8 of oogenesis, these cells initiate invading the neighbouring nurse cells, and reach the oocyte boundary by Stage 10.

Ovarian follicle
An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries. It secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle. In humans, women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles at the time of puberty, each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. These eggs are developed once every menstrual cycle with around 300-400 being ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime.
Leucania zeae
Leucania zeae is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North Africa, southern Europe, Turkey, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, central Asia and western China.

Adults are on wing from March to November. There are multiple generation per year.

Recorded food plants include Arundo donax, Zea mays and other Gramineae species including cereals in Europe. It is occasionally considered a minor pest.

Arundo donax
Arundo donax is a tall perennial cane. It is one of several so-called reed species. It has several common names including giant cane, elephant grass, carrizo, arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado river reed, wild cane, and giant reed. Arundo and donax are respectively the old Latin and Greek names for reed.

Arundo donax grows in damp soils, either fresh or moderately saline, and is native to the Greater Middle East. It has been widely planted and naturalised in the mild temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of both hemispheres, especially in the Mediterranean, California, the western Pacific and the Caribbean and is considered invasive in North America and Oceania. It forms dense stands on disturbed sites, sand dunes, in wetlands and riparian habitats.
Khelo India Youth Games
Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) are the annual national level multidisciplinary grassroot games in India held in January or February for two categories, namely under-17 years school students and under-21 college students. Every year best 1,000 kids will be given an annual scholarship of ₹5 lakh (US$5,900) for 8 years to prepare them for the international sporting events.

The Training of Trainers Programme was held in December 2018–January 2019 in the first phase. A total of 160 young athletes were trained in 4 batches of 40 each in the December to January period. It will continue semi-annually or quarterly to include all the interested teachers, principals, vice-principals and physical education trainers.

Lakh
A lakh (/læk, lɑːk/; abbreviated L; sometimes written lac) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105).  In the Indian 2, 2, 3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India, 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000.

It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English.
Angela Barry
Angela Barry (née Richards) is a Bermudian writer and educator. She spent more than 20 years living abroad – in England, France, The Gambia, Senegal and Seychelles – before returning to Bermuda, where she has primarily worked as a lecturer since the 1990s. Her creative writing reflects her connections with the African diaspora, and as a PhD student at Lancaster University she worked on cross-cultural projects. She was married to Senegalese Abdoulaye Barry and they have two sons, Ibou and Douds, although eventually divorcing.

Michener Center for Writers
The Michener Center for Writers is a Masters of Fine Arts program in fiction, poetry, playwriting, and screenwriting at the University of Texas at Austin. Bret Anthony Johnston is the current director of the program. Previously, James Magnuson ran the program for more than 20 years. UT Resident English Department faculty include Elizabeth McCracken, Edward Carey, Roger Reeves, and Michener Center faculty include Amy Hempel, Joanna Klink and rotating guest faculty.

The program was founded in the early 1990s through an endowment from James A. Michener and Mari Sabusawa Michener. It was originally called the Texas Center for Writers, but changed its name to honor Mr. Michener after his death in 1997.
Franklin Engine Company
The Franklin Engine Company was an American manufacturer of aircraft engines. Its designs were used primarily in the civilian market, both in fixed wing and helicopter designs. It was briefly directed towards automobile engines as part of the Tucker Car Corporation, returning to aviation when that company failed. The company was later purchased by the Government of Poland.

Temco T-35 Buckaroo
The Temco T-35 Buckaroo (company designation TE-1) was designed in the late 1940s as an extremely low-cost trainer for commercial and military markets. Temco's failure to secure a United States Air Force order for the Buckaroo forced it to turn to non-U.S. governments to keep the production lines going, yet only a few export orders materialized.
Absheron Economic Region
The Absheron Economic Region is located in the eastern part of the Republic of Azerbaijan and comprises Baku and Sumgait cities and the Absheron and Khizi districts. The eastern part of the economic region is located on the shores of the Caspian Sea, which has positive effects on the economy of the region. It borders Shaki-Zaqatala economic region to the north, Mountainous Shirvan to the west and Aran to the south.

Absheron Economic Region covers an area of 3,290 square kilometers, constituting approximately 3.9% of the territory of Azerbaijan (excluding the city of Baku), and there are approximately 568,000 people as of the beginning of January 2018 (also excluding Baku). The population density was 103 people per square km of land area.

Absheron District
40°27′26″N 49°44′18″E﻿ / ﻿40.457182°N 49.738348°E﻿ / 40.457182; 49.738348

Absheron District (Azerbaijani: Abşeron rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the east of the country, it belongs to the Absheron-Khizi Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khizi, Gobustan, Baku, Hajigabul, Salyan, and the city of Sumgait. Its capital and largest city is Khyrdalan. As of 2024, the district had a population of 432,816. Although the district shares the same name as the Absheron Peninsula, the area covered by the district is not conterminous, being further west and mostly inland.
Louis Dolivet
Louis Dolivet, born as Ludovici Udeanu (March 26, 1908 – August 1989) was an émigré writer, editor of Free World, film producer, and alleged Soviet spy born in Austria-Hungary, who later obtained French citizenship. From 1942 to 1949, he was married to Academy Award and Tony Award-winning actress Beatrice Whitney Straight, of the prominent American Whitney family.

Émigré
An émigré (French: [emigʁe]) is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social exile or self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French verb émigrer meaning "to emigrate".