hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reema Omer
Reema Omer (Urdu: ریما عمر; born 3 June 1986) is a Pakistani lawyer, human rights professional and news analyst. She is currently working as a legal adviser for the International Commission of Jurists. She is a visiting faculty member at Lahore School of Law. She regularly writes her opinion on the legal landscape and human rights issues in Pakistan, and contributes her legal and political analysis in current affairs shows on different news channels.

Human rights in Pakistan
The situation of human rights in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں انسانی حقوق) is complex as a result of the country's diversity, large population, its status as a developing country and a sovereign Islamic democracy with a mixture of both Islamic Sharia law and Common law.
Implicit leadership theory
Implicit leadership theory (ILT) is a cognitive theory of leadership developed by Robert Lord and colleagues. It is based on the idea that individuals create cognitive representations of the world, and use these preconceived notions to interpret their surroundings and control their behaviors. ILT suggests that group members have implicit expectations and assumptions about the personal characteristics, traits, and qualities that are inherent in a leader. These assumptions, termed implicit leadership theories or leader prototypes, guide an individual's perceptions and responses to leaders. The term implicit is used because they are not outwardly stated and the term theory is used because it involves the generalization of past experiences to new experiences. ILTs allow individuals to identify leaders and aid them in responding appropriately to leaders in order to avoid conflict.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Lee Sang-hoon (tennis)
Lee Sang-hoon (Korean: 이상훈; born 20 September 1972) is a South Korean former professional tennis player.

Lee, a graduate of Konkuk University, spent his career competing mostly at satellite and Futures level. He featured in the qualifying draw for the 1995 Australian Open and was a quarter-finalist at the 1995 Seoul Challenger. In 1996 he made an ATP Tour main draw appearance at the Korea Open, where he fell in the first round to top seed Byron Black.

Seoul Open
The Seoul Open is a defunct Grand Prix and ATP Tour affiliated men's tennis tournament played from 1987 to 1996. It was held at the Seoul Olympic Park Tennis Center in Seoul in South Korea and played on outdoor hard courts.
Antonin Idrac
Jean-Antoine-Marie "Antonin" Idrac (1849–1884) was a French sculptor.

A pupil of Falguière, his works include:

Salammbô / Eve and the Serpent, based on the novel Salammbô

Cupid Stung

Mercury inventing the Caduceus, now in the Musée d'Orsay

Étienne Marcel, an equestrian statue in Paris.

His work has been cited as an influence on the sculpture of Lord Leighton.

Frederic Leighton
Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton, PRA (3 December 1830 – 25 January 1896), known as Sir Frederic Leighton between 1878 and 1896, was a British Victorian painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. His works depicted historical, biblical, and classical subject matter in an academic style. His paintings were enormously popular and expensive, during his lifetime, but fell out of critical favour for many decades in the early 20th century.

Leighton was the bearer of the shortest-lived peerage in history; after only one day, his hereditary peerage became extinct upon his death.
Small nucleolar RNA TBR4
Small nucleolar RNA TBR4 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in Trypanosoma brucei which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA TBR4 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family direct site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

TBR4 was one of seventeen snoRNAs identified in Trypanosoma brucei by immunoprecipitation with anti-fibrillarin antibodies. Together with TBR12, TBR6 and TBR2 it is a part of snoRNA gene cluster that is tandemly repeated. These 4 snoRNA genes are transcribed as a polycistronic RNA transcript.

Immunoprecipitation
Immunoprecipitation (IP) is the technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. This process can be used to isolate and concentrate a particular protein from a sample containing many thousands of different proteins.  Immunoprecipitation requires that the antibody be coupled to a solid substrate at some point in the procedure.
Horrie Miller (rugby league)
Horace Miller (1882–1967) was an Australian rugby league footballer in the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership. He played as a wing with the Eastern Suburbs club in 1908 and 1909, the first years of the new code.

New South Wales Rugby League premiership
The New South Wales Rugby League premiership was the first rugby league football club competition established in Australia and contributor to today's National Rugby League. Run by the New South Wales Rugby League (initially named the New South Wales Rugby Football League) from 1908 until 1994, the premiership was the state's elite rugby league competition, parallel to Queensland's first-class league, the Brisbane Rugby League.

For most of the premiership's history it was contested by clubs from the state of New South Wales only, but later attempted to grow into a nationwide competition, eventually leading to the competition being played under the auspices of the Australian Rugby League in 1995.  Despite this name, the 1995 and 1996 Australian Rugby League Premierships competitions were still administered by the Board and staff of the New South Wales Rugby League.
Robert I, Count of Troyes
Robert I (died October 886), called Porte-carquois, was the Count of Troyes. He was a son of Odo I, Count of Troyes, and Wandilmodis.

Lay abbot of Saint-Loup, he was mentioned for the first time on 25 October 874, when he appeared in a charter of Charles the Bald ceding Chaource, in Tonnerre, to the abbey. He succeeded his brother Odo II between 876 and 880. He was killed in action against the Vikings to the east of Paris and was succeeded by his nephew Adalelm.

He was married to Gisela (died between 879 and 884), daughter of Louis the Stammerer and Ansgard. He left no children.

Lay abbot
Lay abbot (Latin: abbatocomes, abbas laicus, abbas miles, lit. '"abbot-count, lay abbot, abbot-soldier"') is a name used to designate a layman on whom a king or someone in authority bestowed an abbey as a reward for services rendered; he had charge of the estate belonging to it, and was entitled to part of the income. The custom existed principally in the Frankish Empire from the eighth century until the ecclesiastical reforms of the eleventh.
2024 World Rally-Raid Championship
The 2024 World Rally-Raid Championship was the third season of the annual competition for rally raid events sanctioned by both the FIA and FIM. The Amaury Sport Organization is in the third of a five-year contract to promote the championship.

A major overhaul of the class name terminology took place before the season, with the T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 categories being renamed to the Ultimate, Stock, Challenger, SSV, and Truck categories for 2024.

Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme
The International Motorcycling Federation (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) or (FIM) is the global governing/sanctioning body of motorcycle racing. It represents 123 national motorcycle federations that are divided into six continental unions.

There are ten motorcycle-racing disciplines that FIM covers, encompassing 62 international championships as well as 188 secondary championships of circuit racing, enduro, Speedway Racing, Trials, Off-Roading, Motorcross, Supercross, Sno-Cross, Sidecars, and E-Bikes. FIM is also involved in many non-racing activities that promote the sport, its safety, and support relevant public policy. The FIM is also the first international sporting federation to publish an Environmental Code, in 1994. In 2007, a Commission for Women in Motorcycling was created by the FIM in order to promote the use of powered two-wheelers and the motorcycle sport among women.
David Orme-Johnson
David W. Orme-Johnson (born January 17, 1941) is a former professor of psychology at Maharishi University of Management in Fairfield, Iowa. He is the author of over 100 papers investigating the effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique.

Fairfield, Iowa
Fairfield is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. It has a population of 9,416 people, according to the 2020 census.  Fairfield is known as an international center for Transcendental Meditation and is home of Maharishi International University.

It became the county seat in 1839 with 110 residents and grew to 650 by 1847. Its library was established in 1853, and it held its first fair in 1854. Early architecture in Fairfield includes work by George Franklin Barber and Barry Byrne.
Texas's 1st House of Representatives district
District 1 is a district in the Texas House of Representatives.  It was created in the 3rd legislature (1849–1851).

The district has been represented by Republican Gary VanDeaver since January 13, 2015, upon his initial election to the Texas House.

As a result of redistricting after the 2020 Federal census, from the 2022 elections the district encompasses all of Bowie, Cass, Lamar, Morris, and Red River Counties.  Major cities in the district include Atlanta, Douglasville, Linden, New Boston,  Paris, and Texarkana.

New Boston, Texas
New Boston is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States. Boston was named for an early storekeeper in the settlement, W.J. Boston. The coming of the railroads led to the location of two more Bostons. A depot was built approximately 4 miles north of Boston and was named New Boston. The original Boston then became Old Boston. The courthouse was moved to Texarkana in the early 1880s, but a later election carried to move the courthouse back to the geographic center of the county. This location was between the Bostons. The Post Office Department named this location Boston, so Bowie County has claim to three Bostons: New Boston, Boston, and Old Boston. The population was 4,550 at the 2010 census, and 4,612 in 2020.
Card Football Premiere Edition
Card Football Premiere Edition is a poker-like strategy game developed in 2004 by brothers Paolo and Fabio Del Rio, former editors of Canadian Sports Collector. It employs what its developers call the D54 Game System, a patented modification of the 54-card deck. The game was designed by CSE Games, published by SportFX International and was named one of the Top 10 Best Card Games of 2006 by About.com.

An updated version of Card Football was slated to release in early 2009. Titled NCAA Football Hand-Off, the new licensed version of the game would include 20 top U.S. college teams.

People Inc.
People Inc. (formerly The Mining Company, About.com, Dotdash and Dotdash Meredith) is an American digital media company based in New York City. It publishes online articles and videos about various subjects across categories including health, home, food, finance, tech, beauty, lifestyle, travel, and education.
Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design
JSC V.V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (Russian: ОАО «Научно-исследовательский институт приборостроения имени В.В.Тихомирова», Russian: НИИП, NIIP) is a joint stock company, one of the Russian enterprises in the development of weaponry control systems for fighter planes and mobile medium range anti-aircraft SAM defence vehicles.

Control system
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The control systems are designed via control engineering process.

For continuously modulated control, a feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation.   The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the desired value or setpoint (SP), and applies the difference as a control signal to bring the process variable output of the plant to the same value as the setpoint.

For sequential and combinational logic, software logic, such as in a programmable logic controller, is used.
Dirk Boest Gips
Dirk Boest Gips (30 July 1864 – 11 November 1920) was a Dutch sport shooter who competed in the early 20th century in pistol shooting. He participated in Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won a bronze medal with the Dutch pistol team, scoring the most points for his team.

He was born in Dordrecht and died in The Hague.

For a long time his real name wasn't known. The official protocol listed him as van Haan and almost all the sources referenced him as Gerardus van Haan or Gerardus van Loon. For about 40 years, Dutch Olympic historian Anthony Bijkerk had searched the name of the 'missing shooter' (as he himself named van Haan) until in the January 2000 he published an article in the Journal of Olympic History with evidence that the 'missing shooter' was Dirk Boest Gips.

International Society of Olympic Historians
The International Society of Olympic Historians (ISOH) is a non-profit organization founded in 1991 with the purpose of promoting and studying the Olympic Movement and the Olympic Games. The majority of recent books on the Olympic Games have been written by ISOH members. The ISOH publishes the Journal of Olympic History (JOH, formerly Citius, Altius, Fortius) three times a year.
Antonio Martín Escudero
Antonio Martín Escudero (Belvís de Monroy, Cáceres, 17 January 1895 - Bellver de Cerdanya, Lleida, 27 April 1937), also known as El Cojo de Málaga (The cripple of Malaga), was an anarchist syndicalist and militiaman.

He was known as El Cojo de Málaga due to the limp caused by a bone disease in his right leg and in analogy with Joaquín José Vargas Soto, a flamenco singer also known as El Cojo de Málaga.

Province of Cáceres
The province of Cáceres (Spanish: provincia de Cáceres; Portuguese: província de Cáceres; Extremaduran: provincia de Caçris; Fala: provincia de Cáciris) is a province of western Spain, and makes up the northern half of the autonomous community of Extremadura. Its capital is the city of Cáceres. Other cities in the province include Plasencia, Coria, Navalmoral de la Mata, and Trujillo, the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro González. As of 2024, the province had 388,652 inhabitants, of whom a quarter lived in the capital. The Tagus river runs through the province.
Rau'shee Warren
Rau'shee Warren (/ˈraʊʃiː/; born February 13, 1987) is an American professional boxer who held the WBA (Undisputed), and IBO bantamweight titles from 2016 to 2017. As an amateur he won a gold medal at the 2007 World Championships, as well as bronze at the 2005 and 2011 World Championships, all in the flyweight division.

2011 AIBA World Boxing Championships
The 2011 AIBA World Boxing Championships was held at the Heydar Aliyev Sports and Exhibition Complex in Baku, Azerbaijan from September 22 to October 10, 2011.

The competition ran under the supervision of the world's governing body for amateur boxing, the AIBA, and followed on from the biggest World Championships in AIBA history which was held in Milan, Italy in 2009.

This world championship served as a qualifier for the 2012 Summer Olympics. 685 boxers participated from 127 countries.

The preliminary rounds started on September 26 with the finals being held on October 10.
Lionel Kopelowitz
Jacob Lionel Garstein Kopelowitz JP MBE (9 December 1926 – 27 July 2019) was a British Jewish community leader and former President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews.

Kopelowitz was born in Newcastle upon Tyne but grew up in nearby Durham. He was educated at Clifton College before studying at the Trinity College at the University of Cambridge while training as a doctor at University College Hospital. He served in the Royal Air Force (1952–1953) before becoming a GP.

He was President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and President of the National Council for Soviet Jewry from 1985–1991, while also pursuing an individual career as a GP and a key member of the British Medical Association.

He died on 27 July 2019 in London.

British Medical Association
The British Medical Association (BMA) is a registered trade union and professional body for doctors in the United Kingdom. It does not regulate or certify doctors, a responsibility which lies with the General Medical Council. The BMA has a range of representative and scientific committees and is recognised by National Health Service (NHS) employers alongside the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association as one of two national contract negotiators for doctors.

The BMA's stated aim is "to promote the medical and allied sciences, and to maintain the honour and interests of the medical profession".
Sigsbee Park
Sigsbee Park, also known as Dredgers Key, is an island about half a mile (800 m) north of Key West island in the lower Florida Keys; administratively it is within the City of Key West, Florida, United States.

It is connected to the island of Key West by Sigsbee Road. The island and causeway are part of the Key West Naval Air Station. It is primarily used for Navy housing. It includes a Navy Exchange; commissary; elementary school; Morale, Welfare and Recreation; youth center; child development center; recreation center; RV park; and the Sunset Lounge bar & grill.

Defense Commissary Agency
The Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA), headquartered at Fort Lee, Virginia, is an agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) that operates nearly 240 commissaries worldwide. American military commissaries sell groceries and household goods to active-duty, Guard, Reserve, and retired members of all eight uniformed services of the United States and eligible members of their families at cost plus surcharge, saving authorized patrons thousands of dollars compared to civilian supermarkets. DeCA has an annual cost of around $1.4 billion.
Battle Hill
Battle Hill may mean:

Places

Battle Hill (Brooklyn), New York City

Battle Hill Farm Forest Park, New Zealand

Battle Hill, Georgia, now the Westview neighborhood of Atlanta

Battle Hill, White Plains, New York

Battle Hill Township, McPherson County, Kansas

Gitwangak Battle Hill National Historic Site in Canada

Battle Hill, an area of North Tyneside in England

Events

Battle of Battle Hill, New Zealand

Westview, Atlanta
Westview is a historic intown neighborhood located in southwest Atlanta, Georgia. It is named for the Westview Cemetery that borders the neighborhood to the northwest. The neighborhood is made up of a mixture of architectural styles including Arts & Crafts bungalows, Four-Squares, Tudors, Minimal Traditional houses, and Ranch style houses.
Burayr ibn Khudayr al-Hamdani
Burayr ibn Khuḍayr al-Hamdānī (Arabic: بُرَيْر بن خُضَيْر ٱلْهَمْدَانِيّ) was descended from Bani Mashriq, a branch of Banu Hamdan, who were originally from Yemen. He was a Qāriʾ and used to teach Quran in Masjid al-Kufa. He was also one of the Tabi'un and a companion of Ali as well. When Burayr heard of Husayn ibn Ali's migration from Medina to Karbala, he left Kufa to join Husayn's army.

Great Mosque of Kufa
The Great Mosque of Kufa (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلْكُوفَة ٱلْمُعَظَّم/ٱلْأَعْظَم, romanized: Masjid al-Muʿaẓẓam/al-ʾAʿaẓam), or Masjid al-Kufa, is a Shi'ite mosque and shrine, located in Kufa, in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq. Completed in 670 CE, it is one of the earliest surviving mosques in the world. The mosque was home to Ali ibn Abi Talib, the 4th Rashidun caliph; and contains the shrine of Muslim ibn Aqeel, his companion Hani ibn Urwa, and the revolutionary, Al-Mukhtar. The mosque has been significantly rebuilt and restored multiple times in its history.
Kharp
Kharp (Russian: Харп; Nenets: Харп, lit. 'aurora') is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in the Priuralsky District of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, on the bank of the Sob River near the Polar Urals. Population: 6,413 (2010 Census); 7,278 (2002 Census); 5,381 (1989 Soviet census).

Polar Urals
The Polar Urals (Russian: Полярный Урал, romanized: Polyarn'y Ural) are a mountain range in the western part of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the northeastern part of Komi, Russian Federation. The border between Europe and Asia runs along the main ridge of the Polar Urals. The Salekhard–Igarka Railway stretch of the Northern Railway runs along the valley of the Sob in the mountains.
Walter Chiles
Walter Chiles (died 1653) was an English merchant who emigrated to the  Colony of Virginia where in addition to his business interests, he became a prominent planter, military officer and politician who at times represented Charles City County and James City County in the House of Burgesses, as well as briefly served on the Virginia Governor's Council and as Speaker of the House of Burgesses until removed by Governor WIlliam Berkeley because of a conflict of interest in ongoing litigation.

Virginia Governor's Council
The Governor's Council, also known as the Privy Council and Council of State, was the upper house of the legislature of the Colony of Virginia (the House of Burgesses being the other house). It also served as an advisory body to the royal governor and as the highest judicial body in the colony. Beginning in the 1630s, its 12 members were appointed by the British sovereign. After Virginia declared its independence from Great Britain in 1776, members were appointed by the General Assembly, and most of their powers were redistributed to the newly formed Senate of Virginia and the state's judiciary. The Council was formally abolished after delegates to the 1850 Virginia constitutional convention voted to enact what became known as the "Reform Constitution," which vested many of its remaining functions in the popularly elected offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Attorney General.
Health facility
A health facility is, in general, any location where healthcare is provided. Health facilities range from small clinics and doctor's offices to urgent care centers and large hospitals with elaborate emergency rooms and trauma centers. The number and quality of health facilities in a country or region is one common measure of that area's prosperity and quality of life. In many countries, health facilities are regulated to some extent by law; licensing by a regulatory agency is often required before a facility may open for business. Health facilities may be owned and operated by for-profit businesses, non-profit organizations, governments, and, in some cases, individuals, with proportions varying by country. See also the recent review paper,

Health law
Health law is a field of law that encompasses federal, state, and local law, rules, regulations and other jurisprudence among providers, payers and vendors to the health care industry and its patients, and delivery of health care services, with an emphasis on operations, regulatory and transactional issues.