hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laienspiegel
The work commonly referred to as Laienspiegel is a book of law. It was published in Augsburg, in 1509. Its full title is ″Laijen Spiegel. von rechtmässigen ordnungen in Burgerlichen vnd peinlichen regimenten. mit allegation[en] vn[d] bewerungen auß geschribnen rechten vnnd gesatzen“.

This can be roughly translated as A layman's guide, of the correct order of civil and criminal regiments, with illustrations of written rights and laws. It was written by Ulrich Tengler, and published by Sebastian Brant. There was a second edition in 1511. The work was important enough to warrant 14 editions of its publication in the 16th century.

The work is divided in three parts. It contains private law, criminal law, and law of the public institutions. The publication is much like the Klagspiegel of 1436. Other similar works are the Malleus Maleficarum of the 15th century, and the Constitutio Criminalis Bambergensis.

Private law
Private law is the part of a legal system that governs interactions between individual persons. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population. In legal systems of the civil law tradition, it is that part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts (as it is called in the common law tradition), and the law of obligations (as it is called in the civil law tradition).
Turiy Peninsula
Turiy Peninsula (Russian: Турий полуостров) is a peninsula located in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, protruding from the Kandalaksha Coast in the southern part of the Kola Peninsula into the White Sea, with Sosnovaya Bay to the northwest and Karzh Bay to the east. The peninsula is 15 kilometers (9.3 mi), 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) wide and its highest point, the Letnyaya hill, reaches a height of 172 meters (564 ft) above sea level. There are multiple small lakes on the peninsula, with the biggest ones being Letnegorskoye and Golyshevo.

An open-air museum featuring a reconstructed Pomor fishing homestead, Tonya Tetrina, is located on the peninsula, about 30 kilometers (19 mi) away from the closest settlement Umba.

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
Capitán Bermúdez
Capitán Bermúdez is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, (north of Rosario, immediately north of Granadero Baigorria), on the western shore of the Paraná River. It had a population of about 29,000 inhabitants at the time of the 2010 census [INDEC]. In 1991, fragments of the Soviet Union's Salyut 7 space station showered the town after burning up on re-entry.

Provinces of Argentina
Argentina has 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which serves as the federal capital, as determined by Congress.

The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions and exist under a federal system.
Red Star/White Star: Tactical Combat in Europe in the 1970s
Red Star/White Star: Tactical Combat in Europe in the 1970s is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) at the height of the Cold War in 1972 that simulates hypothetical battles in West Germany between Warsaw Pact invaders and NATO defenders.

Simulations Publications, Inc.
Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) was an American publisher of board wargames and related magazines, particularly its flagship Strategy & Tactics, in the 1970s and early 1980s. It produced an enormous number of games and introduced innovative practices, changing the course of the wargaming hobby in its bid to take control of the hobby away from then-dominant Avalon Hill. SPI ran out of cash in early 1982 when TSR called in a loan secured by SPI's assets. TSR began selling SPI's inventory in 1982, but later acquired the company's trademarks and copyrights in 1983 and continued a form of the operation until 1987.
Vvedenka, Kharkiv Oblast
Vvedenka (Ukrainian: Введенка, Russian: Введенка) is a rural settlement in Chuhuiv Raion of Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the left bank of the Udy, a tributary of the Donets. Vvedenka belongs to Novopokrovka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,320 (2022 estimate).

Until 26 January 2024, Vvedenka was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Vvedenka became a rural settlement.

Chuhuiv Raion
Chuhuiv Raion (Ukrainian: Чугуївський район) is a raion (district) in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Chuhuiv. Population: 194,177 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Chuhuiv Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Pechenihy, Vovchansk, and Zmiiv Raions, as well as the city of Chuhuiv, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Chuhuiv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,362 (2020 est.).
Tall Tales Taste Like Sour Grapes
"Tall Tales Taste Like Sour Grapes" is a song by the American art rock band, Fair to Midland. It was originally the ninth track on their album Fables from a Mayfly: What I Tell You Three Times Is True, and was released as their second single in 2007. The song was first released on their independent sampler disc, Selections from Fables from a Mayfly.

Art rock
Art rock is a subgenre of rock music that aims to separate the genre from popular entertainment, with the term typically being applied as the middle ground between mainstream and experimental rock. Art rock primarily draws influences from the wider art world  and academia; which includes contemporary art, art music, avant-garde art, experimental music, avant-garde music, alongside classical music and jazz.

Critics have defined art rock as a "rejection" of rock music intended solely for the purpose of popular entertainment or dancing. The term was closely associated with a specific period beginning in 1966–67, which became influential to the development of progressive rock.
Levice
Levice (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈleʋitse] ⓘ; Hungarian: Léva, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈleːvɒ]; German: Lewenz) is a town in western Slovakia. The town lies on the left bank of the lower Hron river. The Old Slavic name of the town was Leva, which means "the Left One".

The town is located in the north-eastern corner of the Danubian Lowland, 110 kilometres (68 miles) east of Bratislava, 40 kilometres (25 miles) south-east of Nitra, 32 kilometres (20 miles) south-west of Banská Štiavnica, 55 kilometres (34 miles) south-west of Zvolen and 25 kilometres (16 miles) from the border with Hungary.

It is the seat of the Levice District, which is the largest district in Slovakia at 1,551 square kilometres (599 square miles). The town's heraldic animal is lion (Slovak: lev), and the town's colours are green and yellow.

Levice District
Levice District (Slovak: okres Levice; Hungarian: Lévai járás) is a district in
the Nitra Region of western Slovakia. It is the largest of Slovakia's 79 districts. 
The west of the district was in the Hungarian county of Bars until 1918, while the east of the district was in Hont County: Farná in the south was in the county of Esztergom (Ostrihom).
François Mahé
François Mahé (September 2, 1930 – May 31, 2015) was a French professional road bicycle racer. He was professional from 1950 to 1965. Highlights from his career include one day in the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification in the 1953 Tour de France, a stage win in 1954 Tour de France as well as a stage win in Vuelta a España, Paris–Nice, Tour de Luxembourg and the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and coming second in the 1952 edition of the GP Ouest-France and the 1954 edition of Tour of Flanders.

Bretagne Classic
The Bretagne Classic, also called Bretagne Classic CIC, is an elite cycling classic held annually in late summer around the Breton village of Plouay in western France.

The race was originally named Grand-Prix de Plouay and, from 1989 to 2015, GP Ouest-France. It was included in the inaugural UCI ProTour in 2005 and in 2011 in its successor, the UCI World Tour. Since 2016 it is called Bretagne Classic Ouest-France.

Since 2002, a women's event, the Classic Lorient Agglomération is organized on Saturday, the day before the men's race. Supporting events have grown over the years and now include BMX races, track racing and a mass-participation ride, as part of a four–day festival in the last summer weekend in Brittany.
Ffrith Beach
Ffrith Beach, Prestatyn, Denbighshire, North Wales  is one of three sandy beaches along the Prestatyn coastline - Barkby Beach, Central Beach and Ffrith Beach. A promenade joins the three beaches, and, at around 4-miles in length, is used by walkers and cyclists. It has been incorporated into the National Cycle Network. The views along the promenade extend from the Snowdonian Mountains, the Great Orme of Llandudno and Anglesey in the west, through to The Wirral to the east, and Prestatyn Hillside to the south. On very clear days, it is possible to see the Isle of Man, the Cumbrian Mountains and Blackpool Tower, while the BHP Petroleum Douglas oil and gas platform in Liverpool Bay is usually visible.

National Cycle Network
The National Cycle Network (NCN) was established to encourage cycling and walking throughout the United Kingdom, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant.

However, Sustrans themselves only own around 2% of the paths on the network, the rest being made of existing public highways and rights of way, and permissive paths negotiated by Sustrans with private landowners.

In 2017, the Network was used for over 786 million cycling and walking trips, made by 4.4 million people.

In 2020, around a quarter of the NCN was scrapped on safety grounds, leaving 12,739 miles (20,501 km) of signed routes. These are made up of 5,220 miles (8,400 km) of traffic-free paths with the remaining 7,519 miles (12,101 km) on-road. It uses shared use paths, disused railways, minor roads, canal towpaths and traffic-calmed routes in towns and cities.
St Cedd's Church, Ilford
St Cedd's Church, Barkingside (also St Cedd's Church, Ilford and St Cedd's Church, Marston Road) is a Church of England parish church in the Barkingside district of Ilford in the London Borough of Redbridge, dedicated to Cedd, bishop of Essex, in which Ilford historically fell. In 1938 a temporary church was built and a conventional district set up using parts of the parishes of Holy Trinity, Barkingside and Holy Trinity, South Woodford.

Barkingside
Barkingside is an area in Ilford, in the London Borough of Redbridge. It includes the major road junction of Fullwell Cross, which also gives its name to the locality near that roundabout. The area is situated 10.6 miles (17km) north east of Charing Cross. Prior to 1965, it formed part of the borough of Ilford in the historic county of Essex.

Barkingside is chiefly known for the children's charity Barnardo's, which was founded there in 1866, and still has its headquarters there. Some of the oldest buildings in Barkingside include the Barnardo's chapel, the Edwardian railway station (in 1948 transferred from LNER to London Underground's Central Line), and Holy Trinity Church, which dates from 1840. Barkingside is notable for its concentration of east London's Jewish population.
Solly Shoke
General Solly Zacharia Shoke, OMBG, SBS, MMS, OMS (born 15 August 1956) is a South African military commander. He joined uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the military wing of the African National Congress, in the 1970s, and served as a field commander fighting against the South African government in the 1980s. He transferred to the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) when MK was incorporated into it in 1994, and  served as Chief of the South African National Defence Force 2011 to 30 May 2021.

Order of Mapungubwe
The Order of Mapungubwe is a South African civilian honour awarded by the President of South Africa. It recognises South African citizens whose achievements have international impact and serve the interests of South Africa. It is South Africa's highest honour.

The order is named after the ancient civilisation of Mapungubwe, which was located in modern-day South Africa. It was instituted on 6 December 2002, and its first recipient (in the highest class) was former president Nelson Mandela.
1993 Wincanton Classic
The 1993 Wincanton Classic was the 5th edition of the Wincanton Classic cycle race (also known as Leeds International Classic and Rochester International Classic) and was held on 15 August. The race took place in and around Leeds. The race was won by Alberto Volpi of the Mecair–Ballan team.

Alberto Volpi
Alberto Volpi (born 9 December 1962) is an Italian former road bicycle racer. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

He formerly worked as a directeur sportif at Barloworld cycling team. Since 2024 he is the sport director and general manager of JCL Team Ukyo.
Ödåkra
Ödåkra (pronunciationⓘ) is a locality situated in Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 4,920 inhabitants in 2010. It is situated just north-east of Helsingborg and could be regarded as a suburb of that city. Ödåkra is known for its old distillery, which existed from 1897 to 1976 and gave the name to the spirit Ödåkra Taffel Aqvavit.

The locality is located about eight kilometres north of Helsingborg’s City Centre, and also about eight kilometres from Öresund. Immediately south of the town lies the shopping centre Väla centrum. Ödåkra is bisected by the West Coast Line (train stop on the Skåne Commuter Rail between Ängelholm and Malmö), and lies adjacent to the motorways E6/E20 and E4. The proximity of Helsingborg has made the town quite popular (about ten minutes by train), along with the large townhouse area Björka built near Väla centrum in Ödåkra in the 1980s. More housing is under development.

European route E20
European route E20 is a part of the United Nations International E-road network. It runs roughly west–east from Shannon Airport, Ireland to Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Its length is 1,880 km (1,170 mi) but it is not continuous; at three points, a sea crossing is required. Roll-on/roll-off ferries make the crossings between Dublin and Liverpool as well as between Stockholm and Tallinn. No publicly accessible ferries traverse the North Sea from Kingston-upon-Hull to Esbjerg (as of 2019), but a ferry for commercial drivers runs between Immingham and Esbjerg on most days.
L.A. Kauffman
L.A. Kauffman is a grassroots political organizer, activist, and journalist. She writes about the history and impact of various protest movements, including the civil rights movement, protests against the US invasion of Iraq, and the 2017 Women's March. She is the author of "How To Read A Protest: The Art of Organizing and Resistance," published by University of California Press in 2018, and "Direct Action: Protest and the Reinvention of American Radicalism," published by Verso Books in 2017. Her journalistic work has appeared various publications, including The Guardian, N+1, and Boston Review.

Verso Books
Verso Books (formerly New Left Books) is a publishing house based in London and New York City. Founded in 1970 by the staff of the New Left Review, it has Tariq Ali and Perry Anderson on its board of directors. According to its website, it is the largest independent, radical publishing house in the English-speaking world, publishing one hundred books a year. Harper's described it as "Anglo-America's preeminent radical press," and The Sunday Times called it "a rigorously intelligent publisher."
2014–15 Scottish Cup
The 2014–15 Scottish Cup was the 130th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in what was the fourth season of a five-year partnership.

The defending champions were St Johnstone, who defeated Dundee United in the 2014 final, but were eventually knocked out in the fifth round by Queen of the South.

Scottish League Two
The Scottish League Two, known as William Hill League Two for sponsorship reasons, is the fourth tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League Two was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.

Since the 2014–15 season, the bottom team has entered a play-off against the winner of a play-off between the winners of the Highland and Lowland Leagues for a place in the following season's competition.
Canton of Aubergenville
The canton of Aubergenville (French: Canton d'Aubergenville) is an administrative division of the Yvelines department, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Aubergenville.

It consists of the following communes:

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
Demographics of Toronto
The demographics of Toronto, Ontario, Canada make Toronto one of the most multicultural and multiracial cities in the world. In 2021, 57.0 percent of the residents of the metropolitan area belonged to a visible minority group, compared with 51.4 percent in 2016, and 13.6 percent in 1981. Toronto also has established ethnic neighbourhoods such as the multiple Chinatowns, Corso Italia, Little Italy, Little India, Greektown, Koreatown, Little Tokyo, Little Jamaica, Little Portugal, Little Malta, Roncesvalles (Polish), and Bloor West Village (Ukrainian), all of which celebrate the city's multiculturalism. Data from the suburban municipalities are also included for some metrics as most of these municipalities are part of the Toronto CMA (not to be confused with the Greater Toronto Area).

Little Jamaica
Little Jamaica, also known as Eglinton West, is an ethnic enclave in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located along Eglinton Avenue West, from Marlee Avenue to Keele Street, and is part of four neighbourhoods: Silverthorn, Briar Hill–Belgravia, Caledonia–Fairbank, and Oakwood–Vaughan. The commercial main street has been recognized to be of great cultural heritage significance to the city of Toronto, as a distinct ethnic and cultural hub for Afro-Caribbean immigrants for many decades.
Incidental Findings
A collection of essays by physician-writer Danielle Ofri, Incidental Findings: Lessons from my Patients in the Art of Medicine is the story of Ofri practicing medicine in small towns across America, then returning to teach and practice at Bellevue Hospital, America's oldest public hospital. It was published by Beacon Press. Ofri writes about dealing with patients speaking every language and of the challenge of training the next generation of doctors. She also writes about her experience being a patient.

The essay Living Will from Incidental Findings was selected by Susan Orlean for Best American Essays 2005.
The essay Common Ground from Incidental Findings was selected by Oliver Sacks for Best American Science Writing 2003 and given Honorable Mention by Anne Fadiman for Best American Essays 2004.

Ofri is a practicing internist at Bellevue Hospital and the editor-in-chief of the Bellevue Literary Review.  She is also the author of Singular Intimacies: Becoming a Doctor at Bellevue.

Susan Orlean
Susan Orlean (born October 31, 1955) is an American journalist, television writer, and bestselling author of The Orchid Thief and The Library Book. She has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1992, and has contributed articles to many magazines including Vogue, Rolling Stone, Esquire, and Outside. In 2021, Orlean joined the writing team of HBO comedy series How To with John Wilson.

Orlean's 1998 non-fiction book The Orchid Thief was adapted into the film Adaptation (2002). Meryl Streep received an Academy Award nomination for her performance as Orlean.
Synodontis filamentosus
Synodontis filamentosus, known as the longfin synodontis,  is a species of upside-down catfish that is native to the basins of the Nile, Volta and Niger Rivers as well as the Chad Basin.  It was first described by British-Belgian zoologist George Albert Boulenger in 1901, from specimens obtained near the mouth of Lake No, on the White Nile in Sudan.  The species name filamentosus comes from the elongated rays of the dorsal and caudal fins.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Value Alliance
Value Alliance was an airline alliance formed in May 2016. The alliance was the second commercial airline alliance that comprised low-cost carriers, after the U-FLY Alliance. It was the first pan-regional LCC alliance and comprised five, originally eight, Asia-Pacific airlines: Cebu Pacific, Cebgo, Jeju Air, Nok Air and Scoot.

Value Alliance was the fourth-largest airline alliance in terms of passengers, flights, destinations, combined fleet and members, ahead of U-FLY Alliance and Vanilla Alliance.

According to the Wayback Machine, the Value Alliance website ceased operating or taking fares sometime after May 19, 2023, with a message saying "This website is no longer supported. If you have questions regarding your booking or flight, please connect with the airline of your booking."

Vanilla Alliance
The Vanilla Alliance (French: Alliance Vanille) is an airline alliance formed in September 2015. The alliance is the fourth largest in the world as of 2025, trailing Oneworld, Star Alliance, and SkyTeam. All of the airlines within the alliance operate in the Indian Ocean region and are based in sovereign states that are members of the Indian Ocean Commission or French overseas territories in the Indian Ocean.