hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culture of El Salvador
The culture of El Salvador is a Central American culture nation influenced by the clash of ancient Mesoamerica and medieval Iberian Peninsula. Salvadoran culture is influenced by Native American culture (Lenca people, Cacaopera people, Maya peoples, Pipil people) as well as Latin American culture (Latin America, Hispanic America, Ibero-America). Mestizo culture, Afro-Latin culture and the Catholic Church dominates the country. Although the Romance language, Castilian Spanish, is the official and dominant language spoken in El Salvador, Salvadoran Spanish which is part of Central American Spanish has influences of Native American languages of El Salvador such as Lencan languages, Cacaopera language, Mayan languages and Pipil language, which are still spoken in some regions of El Salvador.

Hispanic America
Hispanic America (Spanish: Hispanoamérica or América Hispana), historically known as Spanish America (Spanish: América Española) or Castilian America (Spanish: América Castellana), consists of the Spanish-speaking countries and territories of the Americas. In all of these countries, Spanish is the main language - sometimes sharing official status with one or more indigenous languages (such as Guaraní, Quechua, Aymara, or Mayan) or English (in Puerto Rico), and Latin Catholicism is the predominant religion.

Hispanic America is sometimes grouped together with Brazil under the term Ibero-America, meaning those countries in the Americas with cultural roots in the Iberian Peninsula. Hispanic America also contrasts with Latin America, which includes not only Hispanic America, but also Brazil (the former Portuguese America) and, by few definitions, the former French colonies in the Western Hemisphere (areas that are now in either the United States or Canada are usually excluded).
Death of Tina Watson
Tina Watson was a 26-year-old American woman from Helena, Alabama, who died while scuba diving in Queensland, Australia, on 22 October 2003. Tina had been on her honeymoon with her husband, Gabe Watson, who was initially charged by Queensland authorities with his wife's murder. Watson pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to a term of imprisonment.

Evidence presented at the trial included Watson's differing accounts of what had happened on that day, of the couple's diving experience (or lack thereof), and of Tina's life insurance. While Watson was serving his term in Australia, authorities in Alabama flagged an intention to charge him with murder at a later date. After his release, he was deported to Alabama on the condition that he would not be sentenced to death if found guilty of murder. Watson was then put on trial, but on 23 February 2012, Judge Tommy Nail dismissed the murder case due to lack of evidence.

Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people by a state from its sovereign territory. The actual definition changes depending on the place and context, and it also changes over time. A person who has been deported or is under sentence of deportation is called a deportee.
Dopastin
Dopastin is a chemical compound produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas No. BAC-125.  It was first isolated and characterized in 1972.  It is an inhibitor of the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase.

Dopastin can be prepared synthetically from L-valinol.

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), also known as dopamine β-monooxygenase, is an enzyme (EC 1.14.17.1) that in humans is encoded by the DBH gene. Dopamine β-hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine.

The three substrates of the enzyme are dopamine, vitamin C (ascorbate), and O2. The products are norepinephrine, dehydroascorbate, and H2O.

DBH is a 290-kDa copper-containing oxygenase consisting of four identical subunits, and its activity requires ascorbate as a cofactor.

It is the only enzyme involved in the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters that is membrane-bound, making norepinephrine the only known transmitter synthesized inside vesicles.  It is expressed in noradrenergic neurons of the central nervous system (i.e., locus coeruleus) and peripheral nervous systems (i.e., sympathetic ganglia), as well as in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.
Siege of Kaminogō Castle
The siege of Kaminogō Castle was a battle in 1562, during the Sengoku period (16th century) of Japan. Kaminogō Castle was an Imagawa clan outpost located in eastern Aichi Prefecture, in what is now the town of Gamagōri.

With the help of his ninja vassal Hattori Hanzō, Matsudaira Motoyasu (later known as Tokugawa Ieyasu) laid siege to and stormed the castle.  The Matsudaira force captured the castle from Udono Nagateru, a general of the Imagawa. Hanzō saves the daughters of Tokugawa Ieyasu from the Kaminogo castle with a small group of ninjas and also captures many high-ranking members of the Imagawa clan.

Motoyasu ordered Ishikawa Kazumasa as guardian of the Imagawa family, when Ieyasu managed to convince Imagawa Ujizane to release his family. Motoyasu obtained many useful hostages to use against the Imagawa, who were then in possession of his own family.

Imagawa Ujizane
Imagawa Ujizane (今川 氏真; 1538 – January 27, 1615) was a Japanese daimyō who lived in the Sengoku period through the early Edo period. He was the tenth head of the Imagawa clan and was a son of Imagawa Yoshimoto and the father of Imagawa Norimochi and Shinagawa Takahisa.
Ira River
5°20′31″N 4°39′32″W﻿ / ﻿5.342°N 4.659°W﻿ / 5.342; -4.659

The Ira River is a river in Ivory Coast in West Africa. The river originates from springs in the Lacs District and flows southwestwards before emptying into the western end of the Ébrié Lagoon. The climate in this region alternates between moisture bearing winds from the Atlantic Ocean forming the West African monsoon and dry harmattan winds from the Sahara. These alternating wet and dry seasons causes great variations in the volume of water in rivers in this area.

Harmattan
The Harmattan is a season in West Africa that occurs between the end of November and the middle of March. It is characterized by a dry and dusty northeasterly trade wind, of the same name, which blows from the Sahara over West Africa into the Gulf of Guinea. The name is related to the word haramata in the Twi language. The temperature is cold usually at night but can be very hot in certain places during the day. Generally, temperature differences can depend on local circumstances.

The Harmattan blows during the dry season, which occurs during the months with the lowest sun. In this season, the subtropical ridge of high pressure stays over the central Sahara and the low-pressure Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) stays over the Gulf of Guinea. On its passage over the Sahara, the Harmattan picks up fine dust and sand particles (between 0.5 and 10 micrometres). It is also known as the "doctor wind", because of its invigorating dryness compared with oppressive humid tropical air.
Tolpis barbata
Tolpis barbata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name European umbrella milkwort. It is native to southern Europe, including the Mediterranean, namely in Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and the British territory of Gibraltar and it is known in many other places as an introduced species and a common weed, such as in California and New South Wales.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Bolero (1942 film)
Bolero (French: Boléro) is a 1942 French comedy film directed by Jean Boyer and starring Arletty, André Luguet and Jacques Dumesnil. It takes its name from the Bolero, a Latin American dance and the composer Maurice Ravel's piece of music inspired by the style of it.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Lucien Aguettand. It was made by Pathé at the company's Francoeur Studios. Future star Simone Signoret had a small, uncredited role in the film.

Boléro
Boléro is a 1928 work for large orchestra by French composer Maurice Ravel. It is one of Ravel's most famous compositions. It was also one of his last completed works before illness diminished his ability to write music.
Good Riddance / Ensign
Good Riddance / Ensign is a split EP by the hardcore punk bands Good Riddance and the Ensign, released in 1997 through Orphaned Records. Good Riddance's "What We Have" was one of seven songs that had been demoed for their second album A Comprehensive Guide to Moderne Rebellion but had been left off the record; they were recorded in a separate session from the album, with Andy Ernst at Art of Ears, and used on split EPs with Reliance, Ignite, Ill Repute, and Ensign over the following year. Their second track, "Salt", also appeared on their third album Ballads from the Revolution in 1998.

Reflecting on "What We Have", Good Riddance singer Russ Rankin remarked that "Lyrically it's like if you looked up 'generic hardcore  song' in the dictionary it would have this tune next to it. Plenty about friends and music and heart and all the things that made mid to late 1990s hardcore so fun but also so uninteresting."

Split album
A split album (or split) is a music album that includes tracks by two or more separate artists. Split albums differ from "various artists" compilation albums in that they generally include several tracks of each artist, or few artists with one or two tracks each, instead of multiple artists with only one or two tracks each. There are also singles and EPs of the same variety, which are often called "split singles" and "split EPs" respectively.
Heinrich Nidecker
Heinrich Albert Nidecker (24 September 1894 – 1982), also known as Henri Nidecker, was a Swiss librarian and philologist. Born in Alsace, he completed degrees at the University of Basel, earning a doctorate English philology in 1924. Nidecker spent most of his career as a librarian at the Basel University Library, where he developed a cataloguing system, and was responsible for the departments of English philology and philosophy. Nidecker was involved in the international auxiliary language movement, supporting Ido and later Interlingue; he authored several works in the latter. Nidecker also wrote on topics of social reform, and on the history of music in Switzerland.

Basel University Library
Basel University Library, officially the Public Library of the University of Basel (German: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel, abbreviated UB), is the central library of the University of Basel. It also serves as the Cantonal Public Library (German: Kantonsbibliothek) for the city of Basel. With over 3 million items in its collections, the library is one of the largest in Switzerland. Founded in 1471, it is also one of the oldest in Europe.

The local name for the library is Universitätsbibliothek (literally translated: University Library). It contains more than 3,000,000 documents, including 1,750 medieval manuscripts and numerous incunabula dating from the time of the Council of Basel (1431–87). The majority of library resources are freely available to the public and most of its books can be electronically accessed and ordered.
Poomala Chaal
Poomala Chaal  is a small village situated about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Chengannur in Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. Poomala Chaal is noted for its natural lotus lake and Malayil Palli (an ancient church founded by St. Gregorios of Parumala).

Gregorios of Parumala
Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala (15 June 1848 – 2 November 1902), also known as Parumala Thirumeni, was a Metropolitan of the Malankara Church. Parumala Thirumeni became the first person of Indian origin to be canonised as saint. In 1947, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church declared Mar Gregorios as a saint, making him the first saint from India canonized by that Church. On the 20th of October, 1987, His Holiness Ignatius Zakka I, the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, solemnly proclaimed the canonization of St. Gregorios of Parumala, thereby confirming his sanctity and establishing his veneration throughout the Syriac Orthodox Church.
A View of the Woods
"A View of the Woods" is a short story by Flannery O'Connor. It was originally published in 1957 in Partisan Review and republished in 1965 in her posthumous short story collection Everything That Rises Must Converge. In the story, a vindictive landowner torments his daughter's family by repeatedly selling the pastureland that his son-in-law's cattle need to survive. In the process, he ruins his relationship with his favorite granddaughter.

The story reflects O'Connor's devout Catholic faith. "A View of the Woods" questions the moral authority of modernism and progress, pointing out that progress is not always ethical and can be used to rationalize materialism and cruelty. The story suggests that progress must be guided by Christian moral principles.

Materialism
In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Physicalism extends materialism by including forms of physicality beyond ordinary matter (e.g. spacetime, energy, forces, exotic matter), and some use the terms interchangeably.

Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism.
Rossville, Missouri
Rossville is an unincorporated community in eastern Butler County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is located on Missouri Route 51 between Batesville to the south and Fisk to the north. It is approximately 7.5 miles east of Poplar Bluff.

The community was named after Mrs. Ross, an early citizen. It is situated at an elevation of 322 feet (98 m).

During Shelby's Raid in 1863, Joseph O. Shelby sent a detachment of scouts to Clarksville, Dardanelle, and Ozark in Arkansas to spot Federal troops.

Ozark, Arkansas
Ozark is a city in Franklin County, Arkansas, United States and one of the county's two seats of government. The community is located along the Arkansas River in the Arkansas River Valley on the southern edge of the Ozark Mountains. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 3,542.

Incorporated in 1850, Ozark is adjacent to much of Arkansas wine country, and contains a bridge to cross the Arkansas River for travelers heading to points south. The city is also located on Arkansas Highway 23, nicknamed the Pig Trail Scenic Byway, known for its steep drops, sharp curves and scenic mountain views.

The name Aux Arcs, later simplified to "Ozark", was given to this bend of the river by the French explorers when they were mapping out this land.
Paiste
Paiste (English pronunciation: /ˈpaɪsti/ PY-stee, Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpɑiste]) is a Swiss musical instrument manufacturing company. It is the world's third largest manufacturer of cymbals, gongs, and metal percussion. Paiste is an Estonian and Finnish word that means "shine".

Apart from cymbals and gongs, Paiste has also manufactured other percussion instruments, including crotal bells, finger cymbals, and cowbells, which were later discontinued.

Cowbell
A cowbell (or cow bell) is a bell worn around the neck of free-roaming livestock so herders can keep track of an animal via the sound of the bell when the animal is grazing out of view in hilly landscapes or vast plains. Although they are typically referred to as "cow bells" due to their extensive use with cattle, the bells are used on a wide variety of animals.
Gilla na nAingel Ó Caiside
Gilla na nAingel Ó Caiside, Gaelic-Irish physician, died 1335.

Ó Caiside was one of the earliest recorded members of a brehon family who became hereditary physicians for the Kings of Fer Manach. The Annals of the Four Masters, sub anno 1335, record of him:

Gilla-na-n-Angel O'Cassidy, Chief Physician of Fermanagh, died.

One of his recorded descendants was Tadhg Ó Caiside, who died 1450.

Kings of Fermanagh
Throughout the 11th and 12th centuries the Kings of Fermanagh (Fhear Manach or Fear Manach in Irish) O'hEignigh, O'Maolruanaidh and O'Dubhdara were drawn from the Kingdom of Airghialla, Other names include Oirghiall, Oriel, Airgéill and Uriel. The oldest and more correct form is Airghialla denoting both the territory and the inhabitants of the territory. This is stated in the early genealogies to go back to one of the Three Collas. The Ó hEignigh and Maolruanaidh septs were noted as kings of Fermanagh until becoming tributary to the Maguires (Meicc h-Uidir) around 1202.
Pompallier House
Pompallier House is a nineteenth-century building located in Russell, New Zealand which once served as the headquarters to the French Catholic mission to the Western Pacific.  It is named after Jean Baptiste Pompallier, the first vicar apostolic to visit New Zealand, who founded a number of missions in the North Island.
Pompallier House is owned and managed by Heritage New Zealand, who open it to the public.  It is New Zealand's oldest Roman Catholic building, oldest rammed earth building, and oldest industrial building.

The mission and printery is open to the public seven days a week. Access to the building is by guided tour only, with guided tours running four times a day. Garden visit tickets are available to view the Victorian and Edwardian gardens and the hillside parkland walk with views out over the bay. There is also a French Coffee House on site which is open seven days a week.

Rammed earth
Rammed earth, also called pisé, is a technique for constructing foundations, floors, and walls using compacted natural raw materials such as earth, chalk, lime, or gravel. It is an ancient method that has been revived recently as a sustainable building method.

Pisé also refers to a material for sculptures, usually small and made in molds. It has been especially used in Central Asia and Tibetan art, and sometimes in China.

Edifices formed of rammed earth are found worldwide, in a range of environments including temperate, wet, semiarid desert, montane, and tropical regions. The availability of suitable soil and a building design appropriate for local climatic conditions are two factors that make its use favorable.
Muromegalovirus
Muromegalovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. Rodents serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: infected peritoneal macrophages, dendritic cells (DC) and hepatocytes, inducing significant pathology in both the spleen and the liver. Murid viruses Murid betaherpesvirus 1 (MuHV-1) and Murid betaherpesvirus 2 (MuHV-2), previously defined as mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV), belong to this genus.

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
Sioux Narrows Bridge
The Sioux Narrows Bridge is a bridge on Highway 71 at Sioux Narrows, Ontario, which spans the Sioux Narrows strait between Regina Bay and Whitefish Bay on Lake of the Woods.

Built in 1936 as an all-wooden truss bridge made of Douglas fir timber treated with creosote, it was at 210 feet (64 m) the longest single-span wooden bridge in North America. The bridge overlooks the site of an 18th-century battle in which the local Anishnaabe and Cree nations defeated an invading force of Sioux.

Due to its unique construction, the bridge was designated a heritage site under the Ontario Heritage Act.

Ontario Heritage Act
The Ontario Heritage Act, (the Act) first enacted on March 5, 1975,  allows municipalities and the provincial government to designate individual properties and districts in the Canadian Province of Ontario, as being of cultural heritage value or interest.
Caborn principles
The Cabourn principles are a list of instances when the relevant British Secretary of State, currently the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, may choose to use his power to call in a planning application for his determination, taking it out of the hands of a local planning authority.

The Cabourn principles are named after Richard Caborn, a Planning Minister who first established them in reply to a parliamentary question in June 1999.

There is no legal obligation on the Secretary of State to use his call-in powers, and the use of them is rare.

Question time
A question time in a parliament occurs when members of the parliament ask questions of government ministers (including the prime minister), which they are obliged to answer. It usually occurs daily while parliament is sitting, though it can be cancelled in exceptional circumstances. Question time originated in the Westminster system of the United Kingdom, and occurs in other countries, mostly Commonwealth countries, who use the system.

In practice, the questions asked in question time are often pre-arranged by the organisers of each party, although the questions are usually without notice. Questions from government backbenchers are either intended to allow the Minister to discuss the virtues of government policy, or to attack the opposition.
WNTP
WNTP (990 kHz) is a commercial radio station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. WNTP is owned by the Salem Media Group and broadcasts a conservative talk radio format. Most of the programming comes from the co-owned Salem Radio Network including nationally syndicated hosts Mike Gallagher, Hugh Hewitt, Dennis Prager, Sebastian Gorka, Charlie Kirk, Brandon Tatum and Eric Metaxas. A local weekday wake-up show is hosted by Chris Stigall.

By day, WNTP is powered at 50,000 watts, the maximum for U.S. commercial AM stations. To protect other stations at night, WNTP reduces power to 10,000 watts at sunset. It uses a directional antenna with a four-tower array. The station's studios and transmitter facilities are shared with co-owned WFIL on Ridge Pike in Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania.

Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania
Lafayette Hill is an unincorporated community, which is situated primarily within Whitemarsh Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. A small part of this community is also located in Springfield Township.

Located just west of Philadelphia's Chestnut Hill neighborhood, and south of Plymouth Meeting, Lafayette Hill, which has also been known, historically, as "Barren Hill," draws its name from the French General Marquis de Lafayette, who encamped there with his soldiers during the American Revolution.