hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flue
A flue is a pipe, or opening in a chimney for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, furnace, water heater, boiler, or generator to the outdoors. Historically the term flue meant the chimney itself.  In the United States, they are also known as vents for boilers and as breeching for water heaters and modern furnaces. They usually operate by buoyancy, also known as the stack effect, or the combustion products may be "induced" via a blower. As combustion products contain carbon monoxide and other dangerous compounds, proper "draft", and admission of replacement air is imperative. Building codes, and other standards, regulate their materials, design, and installation.

Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an exhaust plume.

It is a major component of motor vehicle emissions (and from stationary internal combustion engines), which can also include crankcase blow-by and evaporation of unused gasoline.

Air pollution from burning fossil fuels is estimated to kill over 5 million people each year. Motor vehicle emissions are a common source of air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation of smog in some large cities.
Friedhof
Friedhof is German for cemetery.  See:

List of cemeteries in Germany
List of cemeteries in Berlin
Städtischer Friedhof III
Weißensee Cemetery
Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde

Friedhof Fluntern, Fluntern Cemetery, Zürich, Switzerland

Friedhof von Ziegelskoppel, Kopli cemetery,  Kopli, Estonia

III. Städtischer Friedhof Stubenrauchstraße
Städtischer Friedhof III is a cemetery in the Friedenau district of the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg in Berlin, Germany. Buried here are  Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924), Marlene Dietrich (1901–1992) and Helmut Newton (1920–2004).
Amirizdwan Taj
Amirizdwan Taj Bin Tajuddin (born 30 March 1986), commonly known as Taj, is a Malaysian former professional footballer who plays as a centre back and capped by Malaysian national team.

Born in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Taj never seriously play football at his youth where he attended MRSM Gerik and later MRSM Kuala Terengganu. His football career began while completing his undergraduate studies at Universiti Teknologi MARA where he played for UiTM FC. During that time, Taj was commonly known by nickname Panjang which means tall in English, to describe his tall physic body compared to his other teammates. Taj was a late bloomer which was not from regular state President Cup or youth teams.

Armed Forces F.C.
Armed Forces Football Club, commonly known as Armed Forces, sometimes known as AFFC Kuala Lumpur, is a football section of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Its home ground is Mindef Stadium in Kampung Datuk Keramat , Kuala Lumpur. They currently play in the second division of the Malaysian football league system, the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League.
François Joseph Herrgott
François Joseph Herrgott (12 September 1814, Guebwiller – 4 March 1907, Nancy) was a French surgeon and obstetrician.

In 1839 he graduated from the University of Strasbourg, where he was a student of Louis Jacques Bégin (1793–1859) and Joseph-Alexis Stoltz (1803–1896). In 1841 he relocated to Belfort, where in 1849 he was appointed chief surgeon at the Hôpital de Belfort. In 1854 he obtained his agrégation at Strasbourg, later becoming chief physician of the Hôpital Civil in Strasbourg.

From 1872 he was associated with the Faculté de médecine at Nancy, where in 1879 he succeeded his former mentor, Joseph-Alexis Stoltz, as chair at the clinic of obstetrics. A few years later he was appointed director of the Maternité et de l'École départementale des sages-femmes.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
Frederico Mariath
Frederico Mariath (21 November 1794 – 2 July 1863) was a Portuguese-born Brazilian admiral in the Imperial Brazilian Navy who participated in the Cisplatine War and some of Brazil's internal conflicts of the early 19th century.

Mariath was born on 21 November 1794 in Lisbon and died on 2 July 1863.

Imperial Brazilian Navy
The Imperial Brazilian Navy (Brazilian Portuguese: Armada Nacional, commonly known as Armada Imperial) was the navy created at the time of the independence of the Empire of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It existed between 1822 and 1889 during the vacancy of the constitutional monarchy.

The Navy was formed almost entirely by ships, staff, organizations and doctrines proceeding from the transference of the Portuguese Royal Family in 1808. Some of its members were native-born Brazilians, who under Portugal had been forbidden to serve. Other members were Portuguese who adhered to the cause of separation and German and Irish mercenaries. Some establishments created by King John VI were used and incorporated.

Under the reign of Emperor Pedro II the Navy was greatly expanded to become the fifth most powerful navy in the world and the armed force more popular and loyal to the Brazilian monarchy.
Pryde
Pryde is an obsolete spelling of the English word pride now most frequently encountered as a surname.

Notable people with the name include:

Bob Pryde (1913–98), Scottish soccer player

David Pryde (footballer) (1913–87), Scottish soccer player

David Johnstone Pryde (1890–1959), Scottish Labour politician

Duncan Pryde (1937–97), Canadian hunter, trapper, lexicographer and politician

James Pryde (1866–1941), Scottish artist working mainly in graphics

Josephine Pryde (born 1967), English artist

Mabel Pryde (1871–1918), Scots-born English artist

Peggy Pryde (1867–1943), British music hall performer

Susy Pryde (born 1973), New Zealand cyclist

David Pryde (politician)
David Johnstone Pryde (3 March 1890 – 2 August 1959) was a Scottish politician.

The youngest son of Matthew James John Maitland Pryde, of Gorebridge, Midlothian, he was educated at Lasswade Secondary School and at the Scottish Labour College.

He worked as a colliery clerk and as a miners' trade union official.  From 1927 until 1932, he was president of the West Lothian Mineworkers Union, and from 1923 until 1933, he served on the national executive of the National Union of Scottish Mineworkers. He was elected to Bonnyrigg and Lasswade Town Council in 1938, and twice served as election agent to Joseph Westwood.

He was the unsuccessful Labour candidate for Peebles and South Midlothian in 1935, but was elected for that seat in 1945. Following the boundary changes, he sat for the short-lived seat of Midlothian and Peebles from 1950 until 1955, and then for Midlothian from 1955 until his death in August 1959. The seat remained vacant until the general election in October 1959.
1977–78 Division 1 season (Swedish ice hockey)
1977–78 was the third season that Division 1 operated as the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden, below the top-flight Elitserien (now the Swedish Hockey League).

Division 1 was divided into four starting groups, based on geography.  The top four teams in the group would continue to the playoffs to determine which clubs would participate in the qualifier for promotion to Elitserien. The bottom one/two teams in each group were relegated to Division 2 for the 1978–79 season.

Ice hockey in Sweden
Ice hockey in Sweden has a history going back to at least 1912 and is one of the country's most popular sports. The sport was first organized in the country by the Swedish Football Association (SvFF), which was a member of the IIHF in 1912.  The ice hockey department of the SvFF eventually split off to become the Swedish Ice Hockey Association (SIHA) which today is still responsible for organizing Sweden's domestic leagues and its participation in tournaments internationally.  The highest tier of men's ice hockey in Sweden, the SHL, brought in 1,974,388 spectators in the 2013–14 season, the highest overall attendance in Swedish sports. The SHL's average of 5,983 spectators per match is bested only by Allsvenskan, the country's top flight of association football.

The first recorded official ice hockey game on Swedish soil was played at Stockholm Stadium on 30 January 1921 when IFK Uppsala defeated Berliner SC, 4–1.
Thomas Jones (minister)
Thomas Jones (17 July 1819 – 24 June 1882) was a Welsh Independent minister, known as "the Welsh Poet-Preacher". As a popular preacher he has been compared with William Williams of Wern (1781–1840). His reputation was made, however, by his sermons in English at Bedford Chapel in north London, in a less popular style.

William Williams of Wern
William Williams of Wern (18 November 1781 (baptised) – 17 March 1840) was an Independent minister in Wales, and the promoter of the "General Union" movement of 1834. He was one of three "giants of the Welsh pulpit", along with John Elias and Christmas Evans.

Williams was born in Llanfachreth, Merionethshire. He became a member of the Old Chapel, Llanuwchllyn, at an early age, and became a student at the Wrexham Academy in 1803. He was ordained in 1808. In 1814 he attended a meeting of the London Missionary Society in Swansea, and proceeded to foster its aims in north Wales.

In 1834, he began the "General Union" movement, in order to help pay off the debts arising from the building of chapels.
Patrick & Eugene
Patrick & Eugene are an English musical duo, made up of Patrick Dawes (who found fame playing percussion for Groove Armada) and Eugene Bezodis (bass player for The Trudy). They are best known for their songs, "The Birds and the Bees", which was featured in two commercials; one for Volkswagen and another for Gordon's Gin, as well as appearing in YouTube classic "The to-do list", and "Don't Stop", which featured in a commercial for The Laughing Cow cheese. The title track to their 2009 album Altogether Now (Birds Bees Flowers Trees) can be heard during the closing credits of two American series, both Showtime's Weeds and ABC's Grey's Anatomy. Their music has also been used for the Coen Brothers' Burn After Reading and the trailer the 2007 film Mr. Bean's Holiday.

Groove Armada
Groove Armada are an English electronic music duo, composed of Andy Cato and Tom Findlay. They achieved chart success with their singles "At the River", "I See You Baby" and "Superstylin'". The duo have released nine studio albums, four of which have charted in the UK Albums Chart top 50.
Unna-Königsborn station
Unna-Königsborn station is located in the city of Unna in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is at the end of the remaining section of the line from Dortmund. Line S 4 trains of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn reverse here on their way to and from Unna station. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station.

The station is served by S 4 services between Unna and Dortmund-Lütgendortmund station via Dortmund Stadthaus and Dortmund-Dorstfeld at 30-minute intervals (15-minute intervals in the peak between Dortmund-Lütgendortmund and Unna-Königsborn).

It is also served by bus route C43 at 60-minute intervals during the day and R53 at 20- or 40-minute intervals, both operated by Verkehrsgesellschaft Kreis Unna.

Welver–Sterkrade railway
The Welver–Sterkrade railway is a former through railway line from the Westphalian town of Welver to Sterkrade in the western Ruhr region in Germany, which is now broken into four disconnected sections. Because its route ran along the Emscher river it was known as the Westphalian Emscher Valley Railway.

The sections from Unna-Königsborn to the former Dortmund South station and from Dortmund-Dorstfeld to Dortmund-Mengede is now an entirely two-track electrified railway and is served by the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn (lines S 2 and S 4). There are two sections, each of only a few kilometres, in Gelsenkirchen and in Bottrop and Oberhausen, which have traditionally been used exclusively for freight.
Steve McGarrett
Steven Jack McGarrett is a fictional character who is the protagonist of CBS' Hawaii Five-O created by Leonard Freeman. McGarrett is a former United States Navy officer and the leader of a special state police task force, which is called Five-O. McGarrett was portrayed by actor Jack Lord in the original show from 1968 to 1980, and later by Alex O'Loughlin in the series' remake from 2010 to 2020. Throughout the show, McGarrett is partner to Detective Danny "Danno" Williams.

Office of Naval Intelligence
The Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) is the military intelligence agency of the United States Navy. Established in 1882 primarily to advance the Navy's modernization efforts, it is the oldest member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and serves as the Federal Government's premier source of maritime intelligence.

Since the First World War, ONI's mission has broadened to include real-time reporting on the developments and activities of foreign navies; protecting maritime resources and interests; monitoring and countering transnational maritime threats; providing technical, operational, and tactical support to the U.S. Navy and its partners; and surveying the global maritime environment. ONI employs over 3,000 military and civilian personnel worldwide and is headquartered at the National Maritime Intelligence Center in Suitland, Maryland.
Bucharest–Giurgiu Motorway
The Bucharest–Giurgiu Motorway (Romanian: Autostrada București–Giurgiu), labelled A5, is a proposed motorway in the southern part of Romania, located in the historical region of Muntenia and running along the Pan-European Corridor IX. Estimated to be 51 km (32 mi) long, it will upon completion connect the capital city of Bucharest to Giurgiu, where the motorway will likely connect to Bulgaria's Veliko Tarnovo–Ruse motorway (A7), which further connects to the Hemus motorway (A2), thus serving as a motorway connection between Bucharest and Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Mate coquimbano
Mate coquimbano is a mate cup style produced in 19th century in the area near the port of Coquimbo in northern Chile. The Mate coquimbano is typically made of low grade silver alloy with sparse geometric or vegetal motiff decoration made of copper or bronze. The silver used originated in the mining district of Chañarcillo, where a silver rush took place in the 1830s and 1840s. Being cheaper than mate cups of purer silver and gold Mate coquimbano cups were common among the populace.

Contrary to many contemporary mate cups in Chile that had until then followed European fashionable styles such as Baroque and Neoclassicism the Mate coquimbano had evident mestizo influences. Over time, aspects of the Mate coquimbano style diffused into the neighboring Andean region of Argentina.

Cultural diffusion
In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as conceptualized by Leo Frobenius in his 1897/98 publication "Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis",
is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, art,
religions, technologies, languages—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another.
It is distinct from the diffusion of innovations within a specific culture. Examples of cultural diffusion include the spread of the war chariot and of iron smelting in ancient times, and the use of automobiles and Western business suits in the 20th century.
1997 elections in India
Elections in the Republic of India in 1997 included, the 1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, elections to seats in the Rajya Sabha and the elections to the posts of President and vice president.

1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1997 was held in Indian state of Punjab in 1997, to elect 117 members to the 11th Punjab Legislative Assembly. Shiromani Akali Dal had majority of the seats in the 11th Punjab Assembly that was constituted after this election. Parkash Singh Badal was elected as the chief minister.
Dichnya
Dichnya (Russian: Дичня) is the name of rural localities and rivers in Russia:

Dichnya, Kursk Oblast, a selo and the administrative center of Dichnyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast

Dichnya, Oryol Oblast, a selo in Turovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Verkhovsky District, Oryol Oblast

Dichnya (a tributary of the Seym), a river,  a tributary of the Seym River in Kursk Oblast

Dichnya (a tributary of the Pshevka), a river, a tributary of the Pshevka River in Oryol Oblast

Dichnya, Kursk Oblast
Dichnya (Russian: Дичня) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Dichnyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  2,370 (2010 Census); 2,250 (2002 Census);
Herman R. Beckelheimer
Herman Roy Beckelheimer (December 25, 1886 – January 21, 1971) was an American football and basketball coach. He played college football at the University of Charleston (then known as Morris Harvey College) in Charleston, West Virginia from 1910 to 1913 before playing for the Vanderbilt Commodores football team in 1914 and 1915. Beckelheimer served as the head football coach at Morris Harvey in 1917 and from 1921 to 1923. He was also the head football coach at Bethany College in Bethany, West Virginia in 1919 and at Florida Southern College in 1920.

Florida Southern College
Florida Southern College (Florida Southern, Southern or FSC) is a private college in Lakeland, Florida, United States. In 2019, the student population at FSC consisted of 3,073 students along with 130 full-time faculty members. It offers undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate programs. The institution is home to the world's largest single-site collection of Frank Lloyd Wright architecture.
Military Keynesianism
Military Keynesianism is an economic policy based on the position that government should raise military spending to boost economic growth. It is a fiscal stimulus policy as advocated by John Maynard Keynes. But where Keynes advocated increasing public spending on socially useful items (infrastructure in particular), additional public spending is allocated to the arms industry, the area of defense being that over which the executive exercises greater discretionary power. This type of economy is linked to the interdependence between welfare and warfare states, in which the latter feeds the former, in a potentially unlimited spiral. The term is often used pejoratively to refer to politicians who apparently reject Keynesian economics, but use Keynesian arguments in support of excessive military spending.

Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

Most factors of economic policy can be divided into either fiscal policy, which deals with government actions regarding taxation and spending, or monetary policy, which deals with central banking actions regarding the money supply and interest rates.

Such policies are often influenced by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as political beliefs and the consequent policies of parties.
Qamar Hussain
Qamar Hussain Choudhary (born 1948) is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir. He was the MLA from Rajouri Assembly constituency in Rajouri district. He won the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election representing the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party. He was nominated again to contest the Thanamandi Assembly constituency which was a newly created seat, reserved for Scheduled Tribe community in the 2024 election by JKPDP but lost to Independent candidate Muzaffar Iqbal Khan and finishing 3rd, behind Independent and BJP candidates.

2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
The 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in five phases from 25 November – 20 December 2014. Voters elected 87 members to the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. The results were declared on 23 December 2014. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs were used in 3 assembly seats out of 87 in Jammu Kashmir elections. Following the election, the Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party (PDP) formed a coalition government with the BJP and their leader, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed became the state's Chief minister. BJP leader Nirmal Kumar Singh became the deputy chief minister.

This was the last assembly election before the territory's special status was revoked and Ladakh separated as union territory in 2019.
Zuzana Seve
Zuzana Seve née Franck (died after 1797) was an actress . She is known as a member of the founding pioneer generation of the first Czech language theater in Prague, the Vlastenské Theatre.

Her background is not known. She was first married to the actor, dramatist and ballet master František Xaver Seve (1754-1791) and secondly in 1792 to the actor Matěj Majober, and became the mother of Karl, Maria Anna, Antonia and Ferdinand, who all became actors.

She made her debut at the Estates Theatre in 1785, and was engaged as one of the first actresses at the foundation of the Vlastenské Theatre the following year. She was often given heroine roles and later mother parts, and was also known to perform singing parts. She was praised by critics for her good costume and her Czech songs. She and her spouse retired from the stage in 1797, but she stayed in the theatre as instructor.

Estates Theatre
The Estates Theatre (in Czech: Stavovské divadlo) is a historic theatre in Prague, Czech Republic. The Estates Theatre was annexed to the National Theatre in 1948 and currently draws on three artistic ensembles, opera, ballet, and drama, which perform at the Estates Theatre, the National Theatre, and the Kolowrat Theatre (separate building, Kolowrat Palace).