hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Federico Luisetti
Federico Luisetti is an Italian philosopher, he is associate professor of Italian culture and society at the University of St. Gallen. From 2005 to 2017, he taught Italian studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where he was the chair of the Department of Romance Studies from 2014 to 2017. He is the author of books and essays on philosophy, literature, visual studies, the Avant-gardes, and political thought. He has also worked on decolonial thought and anthropology.

University of St. Gallen
The University of St. Gallen (HSG) (German: Universität St. Gallen) is a public research university located in St. Gallen, Switzerland, that specialises in business administration, economics, law, international affairs, and computer science. It was established in 1898. It consistently ranks as one of the best business schools in Europe. In 2022, it had 9,590 students, of which 3,757 were master's students and 584 were doctoral students.

Although it is one of Switzerland's smallest universities, HSG has Switzerland's largest faculty for business administration. It has produced more billionaires in Europe than any other European university. It is a member of the CEMS and APSIA and is EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA accredited (triple crown accreditation). Its campus is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The university is owned by the canton of St. Gallen.
The House of Blue Leaves
The House of Blue Leaves is a play by American playwright John Guare which premiered Off-Broadway in 1971, and was revived in 1986, both Off-Broadway and on Broadway, and was again revived on Broadway in 2011. The play won the Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best American Play and the Obie Award for Best American Play in 1971. The play is set in 1965, when Pope Paul VI visited New York City.

Tony Award for Best Play
The Tony Award for Best Play (formally, an Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre) is an annual award given to the best new (non-musical) play on Broadway, as determined by Tony Award voters. There was no award in the Tonys' first year. The award goes to the authors and the producers of the play. Plays that have appeared in previous Broadway productions are instead eligible for Best Revival of a Play.
Wanbao, Loudi
Wanbao Town (simplified Chinese: 万宝镇; traditional Chinese: 萬寶鎮; pinyin: Wànbǎo Zhèn) is a rural town in Louxing District of Loudi City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.  As of the 2015 census it had a population of 4,4500 and an area of 81.05 square kilometres (31.29 sq mi).

Loudi
27°41′59″N 111°59′40″E﻿ / ﻿27.6998°N 111.9944°E﻿ / 27.6998; 111.9944

Loudi (Chinese: 娄底; pinyin: Lóudǐ) is a prefecture-level city located in central Hunan province, China. It is situated about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of the provincial capital of Changsha and is considered to be a small- to medium-sized city within the province. According to the 2010 Census, the population of Loudi is of 3,785,627 inhabitants in an area of 8,117 km2 (3,134 sq mi).The geographical coordinates are 111°56′—112°03′ east longitude and 27°41′—27°47′ north latitude. With superior geographical location and convenient transportation, it has been the main strategic hinterland of Hunan Province and a key point connecting north and south and east and west since ancient times.In 2007, the city was named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.
Anselmians RUFC
Anselmians RUFC is an English rugby union club based in Eastham, near Birkenhead, Merseyside. The club was founded in 1947 as Old Anselmians by a group of former pupils of St. Anselm's College. The first XV team play in Regional 1 North West, playing in tier 5 for the first time following promotion as champions of Regional 2 North West.

Eastham, Merseyside
Eastham is a village and an electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in Merseyside, England. Historically (until 1974), it was part of Cheshire. It is situated on the Wirral Peninsula, to the south of Bromborough and to the east of Willaston.

At the 2001 census, it had a population of 12,250, although the total ward population for the village stood at 13,637 In 2011, the villages population was not measured separately but a review was carried out for the ward. The total population had risen to 13,882.
Marguerite de Navarre
Marguerite de Navarre (French: Marguerite d'Angoulême, Marguerite d'Alençon; 11 April 1492 – 21 December 1549), also known as Marguerite of Angoulême and Margaret of Navarre, was a princess of France, Duchess of Alençon and Berry, and Queen of Navarre by her second marriage to King Henry II of Navarre. Her brother became King of France, as Francis I, and the two siblings were responsible for the celebrated intellectual and cultural court and salons of their day in France.  Marguerite is the ancestress of the Bourbon kings of France, being the mother of Jeanne d'Albret, whose son, Henry of Navarre, succeeded as Henry IV of France, the first Bourbon king. As an author and a patron of humanists and reformers, she was an outstanding figure of the French Renaissance. Samuel Putnam called her "The First Modern Woman".

Alençon
Alençon (UK: /æˈlɒ̃sɒ̃/, US: /ˌælɒ̃ˈsoʊn/, French: [alɑ̃sɔ̃] ⓘ; Norman: Alençoun) is a commune in Normandy, France, and the capital of the Orne department. It is situated between Paris and Rennes (about 173 kilometres (107 mi) west of Paris) and a little over 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Le Mans. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alençon (around 56,000 people in 2018, of which around 26.000 lived in Alençon).
Doug Reid (cricketer)
Douglas James Reid (17 October 1928 – 18 December 2025) was a New Zealand cricketer who played seven matches of first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1953 to 1957.

Reid was born in Christchurch and educated at Christchurch Boys' High School. He became a quantity surveyor.

A left-arm opening bowler, Reid's best first-class figures were 4 for 58 against Otago in the 1953–54 Plunket Shield.

Reid and his wife Toni Reid (the daughter of the All Black Read Masters) both represented Canterbury in cricket in the 1950s. They married in Merivale, Christchurch, in February 1954.

On the death of Bill Crump on 10 July 2022, Reid became the oldest living New Zealand first-class cricketer. He died aged 97 in December 2025.

Merivale, Christchurch
Merivale is a suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand, north of the city centre. Like all suburbs in Christchurch, it has no defined boundaries and is a general area, but for the purposes of statistical analysis only, Statistics New Zealand defines it as being Heaton Street to the north, Papanui Road to the east, Harper and Bealey Avenues to the south and Rossall Street to the west, although Real Estate advertising often will claim residences outside this area, especially St Albans to the east of Papanui Road, as being Merivale due to the perceived desirability of the area. The area directly west of Rossall Street, which is called Holmwood by Statistics New Zealand, is sometimes considered part of Merivale.

The area is predominantly residential.
Dungarpur state
Dungarpur State was a kingdom and later princely state during the British Raj. Its capital was the city of Dungarpur in the southernmost area of present-day Rajasthan State in India. In 1901 the total population of Dungarpur State was 100,103, while that of the town was 6,094.

Dungarpur is the seat of elder branch of Sisodiyas of Udaipur, while the younger branch is the seat of the Maharana of Mewar.

Bhil
Bhil or Bheel are various indigenous groups inhabiting western India, including parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and are also found in distant places such as Bengal and Tripura. Though they now speak the Bhili language, an Indo-Aryan language, the  aboriginal language that the Bhil originally spoke is lost. Bhils are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages.

Bhils are listed as tribal people in the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan—all in the western Deccan regions and central India—as well as in Bengal and Tripura in far-eastern India, on the border with Bangladesh. Many Bhils speak the dominant language of the region they reside in, such as Marathi, Gujarati or Bengali.
Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital
Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital (Turkish: Divriği Ulu Cami ve Darüşşifası) was built in 1228–1229 by the local dynasty of the Mengujekids in the small Anatolian town of Divriği, now in Sivas Province, Turkey. The complex is in the upper town, below the citadel. The exquisite stone carvings and eclectic architecture of the complex places it among the most important works of architecture in Anatolia and led to its inclusion on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1985.

Sivas Province
Sivas Province (Turkish: Sivas ili) is a province of Turkey. It is located in the eastern part of the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Its area is 28,164 km2 (the second largest province after Konya), and its population is 634,924 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Yozgat to the west, Kayseri to the southwest, Kahramanmaraş to the south, Malatya to the southeast, Erzincan to the east, Giresun to the northeast, and Ordu to the north. Its capital is Sivas.

Most of Sivas Province has the typical continental climate of the Central Anatolian Region, in which summer months are hot and dry, while winter months are cold and snowy. However, the northern part of the province shows some features of the oceanic/humid subtropical Black Sea climate, while the eastern portion has influences of the Eastern Anatolian highland climate. This province is noted for its thermal springs.
The Wonder of You (Nelson Riddle album)
The Wonder of You was an album of instrumentals performed by Nelson Riddle and his orchestra, released on June 21, 2000, by Direct Source. The recording is a compilation of songs previously released on the 1982 album titled “The Look of Love”, with the exception of “Guantanamera,” which was included in the 1987 album titled “Games That Lovers Play.”

Nelson Riddle
Nelson Smock Riddle Jr. (June 1, 1921 – October 6, 1985) was an American arranger, composer, bandleader and orchestrator whose career stretched from the late 1940s to the mid-1980s. He worked with many vocalists at Capitol Records, including Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Nat King Cole, Judy Garland, Dean Martin, Peggy Lee, Johnny Mathis, Rosemary Clooney and Keely Smith. He scored and arranged music for many films and television shows, earning an Academy Award and three Grammy Awards. He found commercial and critical success with a new generation in the 1980s, in a trio of platinum albums with Linda Ronstadt.
Line search
In optimization, line search is a basic iterative approach to find a local minimum  of an objective function . It first finds a descent direction along which the objective function  will be reduced, and then computes a step size that determines how far  should move along that direction. The descent direction can be computed by various methods, such as gradient descent or quasi-Newton method. The step size can be determined either exactly or inexactly.

Iteration
Iteration means repeating a process to generate a (possibly unbounded) sequence of outcomes. Each repetition of the process is a single iteration, and the outcome of each iteration is the starting point of the next iteration.

In mathematics and computer science, iteration (along with the related technique of recursion) is a standard element of algorithms.
Bucheon
Bucheon (Korean: 부천; Korean pronunciation: [pu.tɕʰʌn]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Bucheon is located 25 kilometers (16 mi) away from Seoul, of which it is a satellite city. It is located between Incheon and Seoul.

Bucheon is the second most densely populated city in South Korea after Seoul, and as a result, administrative districts were abolished in July 2016 in favor of providing greater public service in community centers.

Major manufacturing operations are located in the northern areas of the city, while the areas in the south where Seoul Subway Line 7 and Seoul Subway Line 1 pass are dense commercial and residential areas.

Jinjo Crew
Jinjo Crew (Korean: 진조 크루; Hanja: 𨳌𤍒), is a South Korean b-boy crew formed in 2001. Jin (오를 진 𨳌) and Jo (불사를 조 𤍒) means 'Rising Fire (불살라 오르다) '.
Jinjo Crew is famous for winning the world's top 5 major tournaments, including UK B-Boy Championships (2012), Freestyle Session (2011), Battle Of The Year (2010, 2018, 2021), R-16 Korea (2010, 2011, 2012), Red Bull BC One (2008).
Sauber (automobile)
Sauber was a short-lived automobile brand created for the Austrian market. The marque offered a selection of rebranded American vehicles from the major U.S. Big Three. The Sauber initiative is generally understood to have been introduced in 1993 or 1994.

Saturn S-Series
The Saturn S-Series is a family of compact cars from the Saturn automobile company of General Motors. With this car, Saturn pioneered their brand-wide "no-haggle" sales technique.

Its automobile platform, the Z-body, developed in-house at Saturn and sharing little with other General Motors platforms, used a spaceframe design. Pioneered on the Pontiac Fiero during the 1980s, the spaceframe used non-load-carrying plastic side panels. These polymer panels were dent-resistant, something that remained Saturn's unique selling proposition until a few years before the brand was discontinued.

The S-Series was marketed in three generations from the fall of 1990 for the 1991 model year through the end of the 2002 model year. The model changes took place for the 1997 and 2000 model years.
Tunku Abdul Rahman Foundation
The Tunku Abdul Rahman Foundation (Malay: Yayasan Tunku Abdul Rahman) is a statutory body incorporated by an Act of Parliament in 1966. The primary aim of the foundation is to recognise and encourage the development of youths who show excellence in both academic and extra-curricular pursuits through the provision of scholarships for higher education.

Statutory body
A statutory body or statutory authority is a body set up by law (statute) that is authorised to implement certain legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state, sometimes by being empowered or delegated to set rules (for example regulations or statutory instruments) in their field. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries like Australia, Canada, India and New Zealand. They are also found in Hong Kong, Israel and elsewhere. Statutory authorities may also be statutory corporations, if created as a body corporate.
Sound follower
A sound follower, also referred to as separate magnetic, sepmag, magnetic film recorder, or mag dubber, is a device for the recording and playback of film sound that is recorded on magnetic film. This device is locked or synchronized with the motion picture film containing the picture. It operates like an analog reel-to-reel audio tape recording, but using film, not magnetic tape. The unit can be switched from manual control to sync control, where it will follow the film with picture.

Synchronization
Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. For example, the conductor of an orchestra keeps the orchestra synchronized or in time. Systems that operate with all parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync—and those that are not are asynchronous.

Today, time synchronization can occur between systems around the world through satellite navigation signals and other time and frequency transfer techniques.
Newington Butts
Newington Butts is a former hamlet, now an area of the London Borough of Southwark, London, England, that gives its name to a segment of the A3 road running south-west from the Elephant and Castle junction. The road continues as Kennington Park Road leading to Kennington; a fork right is Kennington Lane, leading to Vauxhall Bridge. Michael Faraday was born in Newington Butts in 1791.

It is believed to take its name from an archery butts, or practice field. The area gave its name to an Elizabethan theatre which saw the earliest recorded performances of some Shakespearean plays.

London Borough of Southwark
The London Borough of Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/ ⓘ SUDH-ərk) in South London forms part of Inner London and is connected by bridges across the River Thames to the City of London and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas were amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963. All districts of the area are within the London postal district. It is governed by Southwark London Borough Council.

The part of the South Bank within the borough is home to London Bridge terminus station and the attractions of The Shard, Tate Modern, Shakespeare's Globe and Borough Market that are the largest of the venues in Southwark to draw domestic and international tourism. Dulwich is home to the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Imperial War Museum is in Elephant and Castle. Major districts include Bermondsey, Rotherhithe, Peckham, Camberwell, and Dulwich.
Guy Arseneault
Guy H. Arseneault (born 11 May 1952 in Dalhousie, New Brunswick) is a Canadian politician who has served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick since 2018. He was previously a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1997. He was a teacher by career.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
La Puebla de Híjar
La Puebla de Híjar is a town and municipality in the Bajo Martín comarca, Teruel province, Aragón, Spain. It has a population of 1,046, an area of 61 km² and is located near N-232 road.

This town was the starting point of an abandoned railway line known as "Ferrocarril del Val de Zafán", to Alcañiz, Tortosa and eventually Sant Carles de la Ràpita. Construction work began in 1891, but the last stretch between Tortosa and Sant Carles de la Ràpita was never completed before the line was abandoned.

Province of Teruel
Teruel (Catalan: Terol; [təˈɾɔl]) is a province of Aragon, in the northeast of Spain. The capital is Teruel.

It is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Castellón, Valencia (including its exclave, Rincón de Ademuz), Cuenca, Guadalajara, and Zaragoza. The area of the province is 14,809 km². Its population is 134,572 (2018), of whom about a quarter live in the capital, and its population density is 9.36/km². It contains 236 municipalities, of which more than half are villages of under 200 people. Teruel is the second-least populated province of Spain, and also the second-lowest in population density, in both counts after the province of Soria.

The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although Catalan is spoken in a northeastern area bordering Catalonia.
Farrukh Dustov
Farrukh Dustov (born 22 May 1986) is a retired Uzbek tennis player and tennis coach, playing on the ITF Futures Tour and ATP Challenger Tour. In February 2015, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 98.

He was coached by Manuel Gasbarri, Boris Agostini, Petr Lebed and Diego Rosellini.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
Mount Silverheels
Mount Silverheels is a high and prominent mountain summit in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,829-foot (4,215 m) thirteener is located in Pike National Forest, 4.9 miles (7.9 km) northeast (bearing 41°) of the Town of Alma in Park County, Colorado, United States.

Mount Silverheels is just east of two fourteeners: Mount Bross and Mount Lincoln.

Fourteener
In the mountaineering parlance of the Western United States, a fourteener (also spelled 14er) is a mountain peak with an elevation of at least 14,000 ft (4267 m). The 96 fourteeners in the United States are all west of the Mississippi River. Colorado has 53 fourteeners, the most of any single state. Alaska has 29, the second most of any single state. Many peak baggers try to climb all fourteeners in the contiguous United States, or in one particular state, or in another region.
Green Frog Hybrid Buses
Green Frog Zero Emissions Transport Corp., also known as Green Frog Transport Corp. or simply Green Frog, is an intercity bus company in the Philippines that introduced the first hybrid buses in the country.

Ayala Avenue
Ayala Avenue is a major thoroughfare in Makati, the Philippines. It is one of the busiest roads in Metro Manila, crossing through the heart of the Makati Central Business District. Because of the many businesses along the avenue, Ayala Avenue is nicknamed the "Wall Street of the Philippines" and dubbed in the 1970s and 1980s as the "Madison Avenue of the Philippines".
Carl Friedrich Bruch
Carl Friedrich Bruch (March 11, 1789 – December 21, 1857) was a German ornithologist. He was the younger brother of bryologist Philipp Bruch (1781–1847).

Bruch was born in Zweibrücken. Up until 1855, he worked as a notary in Mainz. He was the author of numerous articles in the journals Isis and Journal für Ornithologie. He was a catalyst towards the establishment of the Rheinische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (1834).

In 1828, he proposed a system of trinomial nomenclature for species, in contrast to the binomial system of Carl Linnaeus. The following are a list of ornithological species described by Bruch:

Dalmatian pelican, (Pelecanus crispus), 1832

Hartlaub's gull, (Chroicocephalus hartlaubii), 1853

Red-legged kittiwake, (Rissa brevirostris), 1853

Sooty gull (Ichthyaetus hemprichii), 1853.

Bryology
Bryology (from Greek bryon, a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts). Bryologists are botanists who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. The field is often studied along with lichenology due to the similar appearance and ecological niche of the two organisms, even though bryophytes and lichens are not classified in the same kingdom.
Coux-et-Bigaroque
Coux-et-Bigaroque (French pronunciation: [kuks e bigaʁɔk]; Occitan: Lo Cos e Bigaròca) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Coux-et-Bigaroque-Mouzens.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.