hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Las Vegas Challenger – Doubles
William Blumberg and Max Schnur were the defending champions but only Blumberg chose to defend his title, partnering Ben Shelton. Blumberg lost in the semifinals to Constantin Frantzen and Reese Stalder.

Julian Cash and Henry Patten won the title after defeating Frantzen and Stalder 6–4, 7–6(7–1) in the final.

Constantin Frantzen
Constantin Frantzen (born 16 March 1998) is a German professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 35 achieved on 23 February 2026.

Frantzen has won one ATP Tour doubles title at the 2025 Chengdu Open, with Robin Haase.

He played college tennis at Baylor University.
Old and Young Drift
Old and Young Drift are geographic names given to the morainic landscapes that were formed in Central Europe; the Old Drift during the older ice ages and the Young Drift during the latest glaciations – the Weichselian in North Germany and the Würm in the Alps. Their landforms are quite different. Areas of Old Drift have been heavily flattened and transformed as a result of geomorphic processes such as denudation and erosion, whilst areas of Young Drift have largely retained their original shape. Whilst the majority of Old Drift moraines were formed during the Saale glaciation about 130,000 to 140,000 years ago, the Young Drift moraines in Central Europe are only about 15,000 to 20,000 years old. The terms Old and Young Drift are used for all elements of the glacial series even though the meltwater deposits and landforms are not strictly moraines.

Landform
A landform is a land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. They may be natural or may be anthropogenic (caused or influenced by human activity). Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Landforms include hills, mountains, canyons, and valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great oceanic basins.
Hakuba
Hakuba (白馬村, Hakuba-mura) is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of April 1, 2019, the village had an estimated population of 9,007 in 4267 households, and a population density of 48 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 189.36 square kilometres (73.11 sq mi). Hakuba is located in the eastern foothills of the Hida Mountains in the northern part of the Japanese Alps and is a popular ski resort. It is also the starting point for trekking Mount Shirouma and Mount Goryu, two of the One Hundred Mountains of Japan. The Hakuba Valley receives an average annual snow fall of 655 cm (258 inches). The 2024–25 winter season in Hakuba holds the record for the highest snowfall in a single winter, with a total accumulation of 782 cm. Hakuba is the central hub for 10 ski resorts with more than 200 runs. The village was the main event venue for 1998 Winter Olympics (Alpine, Ski Jump, Crosscountry).

Ōito Line
The Ōito Line (大糸線, Ōito-sen) is a railway line in Japan which connects Matsumoto Station in Nagano Prefecture with Itoigawa Station in Niigata Prefecture. There are two operators on the line: East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West). Minami-Otari is the boundary for the two companies. The section of the line operated by JR East, between Minami-Otari and Matsumoto, is electrified and trains are fairly regular along this section. The JR West section from Minami-Otari to Itoigawa, however, is not electrified and sees less use. Trains operate less frequently along this section.
Dorasan
Dorasan (Korean: 도라산) or Mount Dora is a 156-metre (512 ft) hill on the north bank of the Imjin River in northernmost Paju, South Korea. It lies very near the Korean Demilitarized Zone. The hill gives its name to several nearby landmarks, including Dorasan Station and the Mt. Dora Observatory, as well as to the local administrative unit Dorasan-ri.

Imjin River
The Imjin River (Korean: 임진강; South Korean spelling) or Rimjin (림진강; North Korean spelling) is the seventh-largest river in Korea. It flows from north to south, crossing the Demilitarized Zone and joining the Han River downstream of Seoul, near the Yellow Sea.

The river is not the namesake of the Imjin War (Japanese invasions in the late 16th century).
Dr. Sudoku
Dr. Sudoku is a 2006 sudoku puzzle video game developed and published by Success in Japan. The game was later published by Mastiff in North America and 505 Gamestreet in the United Kingdom. Upon release, the game received average reviews, with critics enjoying the puzzles, but considering the game lacked additional features and was less accessible than other methods to play the game.

Mastiff (company)
Mastiff LLC is an American video game publisher. Founded in 2002 with headquarters in San Francisco and Tokyo, the company has released titles in virtually every genre – including action, adventure, RPG, FPS, party, horror, and music. The executive staff includes Bill Swartz, Mika Hayashi, and Brian Bezdek.
Guard labor
Guard labor is wage labor and other activities that are said to maintain (hence "guard") a capitalist system. Things that are generally characterized as guard labor include: management, guards, military personnel, and prison officers. Samuel Bowles has expanded the notion of guard labor to include IT professionals whose duties include protecting corporate networks from costly misuse.  Guard labor is noteworthy in economics because it captures expenditures based on mistrust and does not produce future capital.

The term was originally coined by Arjun Jayadev and Samuel Bowles and has since been used by economists such as Michael Perelman and Mark Thoma.

Samuel Bowles (economist)
Samuel Stebbins Bowles (/boʊlz/; born June 1, 1939), is an American economist and professor emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he continues to teach courses on microeconomics and the theory of institutions. His work is associated with the neo-Marxian (variably called post-Marxian) tradition of economic thought. However, his perspective on economics is eclectic and draws on various schools of thought, including what he and others refer to as post-Walrasian economics.
Goodman and Kruskal's gamma
In statistics, Goodman and Kruskal's gamma is a measure of rank correlation, i.e., the similarity of the orderings of the data when ranked by each of the quantities. It measures the strength of association of the cross tabulated data when both variables are measured at the ordinal level. It makes no adjustment for either table size or ties. Values range from −1 (100% negative association, or perfect inversion) to +1 (100% positive association, or perfect agreement). A value of zero indicates the absence of association.

This statistic (which is distinct from Goodman and Kruskal's lambda) is named after Leo Goodman and William Kruskal, who proposed it in a series of papers from 1954 to 1972.

Leo Goodman
Leo Aria Goodman (August 7, 1928 – December 22, 2020) was an American statistician. He was known particularly for developing statistical methods for the social sciences, including statistical methods for analyzing categorical data and data from statistical surveys.
Foulon
Foulon is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Celia Foulon (born 1979), French rower

Daam Foulon (born 1999), Belgian footballer

Emmanuel Foulon (1871–1945), Belgian archer

Gwenn Foulon (born 1998), French footballer

Joseph-Alfred Foulon (1823–1893), French cardinal

Jérôme Foulon (born 1971), French footballer

Maurice Foulon (1886–1968), French politician

Olivier Foulon (born 1976), Belgian artist

Roger Foulon (1923–2008), Belgian writer

Séverine Foulon (born 1973), French middle-distance runner

Roger Foulon
Roger Foulon (3 August 1923 – 23 February 2008) was a Belgian writer in French.

He was the author of more than 120 works. He was the president of the Association of Belgian Writers in the French Language, from 1973 to 1994.  From 1999 until his death he was a member of Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique. He was born and died in Thuin.
Kettle Moraine Conference
The Kettle Moraine Conference is a former high school athletic conference with its membership concentrated in Wisconsin's Kettle Moraine region.  It existed from 1928 to 1969 and all public school members were affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
1948 Bulgarian Cup final
The 1948 Bulgarian Cup final was the 8th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Lokomotiv Sofia and Slavia-Chengelov on 9 May 1948 at Yunak Stadium in Sofia. Lokomotiv won the final 1–0.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.
Para Hills, South Australia
Para Hills is a residential suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. There is a light aircraft airport close to its boundary, and numerous sporting facilities, abundant parks and schools and two medium-sized shopping centres. Most of the suburb is in the City of Salisbury while some is in the City of Tea Tree Gully.

City of Tea Tree Gully
The City of Tea Tree Gully is a local council in the Australian state of South Australia, in the outer north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The major business district in the city is at Modbury, where Westfield Tea Tree Plaza, Modbury Hospital, the Civic Centre and the library are located.

Howard, Lord Florey, Australian pathologist and co-discoverer of penicillin, was a resident of the City of Tea Tree Gully.
Italian Basketball Hall of Fame
The Italian Basketball Hall of Fame (Italian: Italia Basket Hall of Fame, IBHOF) is a hall of fame that honours individuals (or whole teams) that have contributed to the spread and improvement of Italian basketball, through their sporting contributions, their behaviour and their actions in support of the game in Italy.

The Italian Basketball Federation has inducted a class every year since 2007 (counting for the previous year) with an official ceremony that crowns athletes (male and female), coaches, referees or other figureheads who have contributed to Italian basketball, with a maximum of seven inductees per year (teams exempted). 
Those also in the Naismith Hall of Fame or the FIBA Hall of Fame are not limited in number, in addition, two individuals who are deceased at most can also be inducted in memoriam yearly.

EuroBasket
EuroBasket, also commonly called the European Basketball Championship, is the main international basketball competition for the senior men's national teams of primarily European countries. It is held every four years and organised by FIBA Europe, the European zone of FIBA, the International Basketball Federation.

The competition was first held in 1935. The former Soviet Union holds the record for most gold medals with 14. The tournament is generally held in August or September, in the offseason of major club competitions. The current champion is Germany, who won the 2025 title.
Agios Dimitrios, Elis
Agios Dimitrios (Greek: Άγιος Δημήτριος meaning Saint Demetrius) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Amaliada, northern Elis, Peloponnese, Greece. It is situated on the left bank of the river Pineios, 3 km (1.9 mi) west of the Pineios reservoir. It is 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Kentro, 3 km (1.9 mi) northeast of Archaia Ilida (ancient Elis), 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Andravida and 12 km (7.5 mi) northeast of Amaliada. The community Agios Dimitrios includes the village Kolokythas.

Demetrius of Thessaloniki
Saint Demetrius (or Demetrios) of Thessalonica (Greek: Ἅγιος Δημήτριος τῆς Θεσσαλονίκης, Hágios Dēmḗtrios tēs Thessaloníkēs), also known as the Holy Great-Martyr Demetrius the Myroblyte (meaning 'the Myrrh-Gusher' or 'Myrrh-Streamer'; 3rd century – 306), was a Greek Christian martyr of the early 4th century AD.

During the Middle Ages, he came to be revered as one of the most important Orthodox military saints, often paired with Saint George of Lydda.

In the Roman Catholic Church he is most commonly called Demetrius of Sirmium and his memorial is 9 April in the 2004 Roman Martyrology and 8 October in the martyrology of the Extraordinary Form. It is debated whether Demetrius of Thessalonica and Demetrius of Sirmium are the same person.
Fajsz
Fajsz (Hungarian: [ˈfɒjs]), also Falicsi ([ˈfɒlit͡ʃi]), was Grand Prince of the Hungarians from about 950 to around 955. All information on him comes from De administrando imperio, a book written by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. No other contemporary source or later Hungarian chronicle preserved his name, suggesting that he did not take an active role in the politics of the Hungarian tribes' confederation.

De Administrando Imperio
De Administrando Imperio (lit. 'On imperial administration'; Greek: Πρὸς τὸν ἴδιον υἱὸν Ῥωμανόν, lit. 'to my son Romanos') is a Greek-language work written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII. It is a domestic and foreign policy manual for the use of Constantine's son and successor, the Emperor Romanos II. It is a prominent example of Byzantine encyclopaedism.
Turok (surname)
Turok is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Turok (1927–2019), South African anti-apartheid activist

Marta Turok (born 1952), Mexican anthropologist

Mary Turok, South African politician

Neil Turok (born 1958), South African physicist

Ben Turok
Benjamin Turok (26 June 1927 – 9 December 2019) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, politician, and economics professor. He represented the African National Congress in the post-apartheid National Assembly from 1994 to 2014.
Bogumir Doležal
Bogumir (Bogomir) Doležal (1889–1959) was a Croatian sportsman and sports journalist. He was a football player, professional bicycle racer, swimmer, sport statistician, handball player and trainer. He also served as a president and secretary of the football club HNK Hajduk Split.

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
Cello Concerto (Schumann)
The Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 129, by Robert Schumann was completed in a period of only two weeks, between 10 October and 24 October 1850, shortly after Schumann became the music director at Düsseldorf.

The concerto was never played in Schumann's lifetime. It was premiered on 23 April 1860, four years after his death, in Oldenburg, with Ludwig Ebert as soloist.

The length of a typical performance is about 25 minutes.

Oldenburg (city)
Oldenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Ollnborg) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.  The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) (Oldenburg in Oldenburg) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein.

During the French annexation (1811–1813) in the wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is at the rivers Hunte and Haaren, in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. According to Germany's 2022 census, the city's population is 176.068 in 2024. Oldenburg is part of the Northwest Metropolitan Region, which is home to approximately 2.8 million people.

The city is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg. Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg.
Huy
Huy (French: [ɥi] ⓘ or [wi] ⓘ; Dutch: Hoei [ɦui] ⓘ; Walloon: Hu) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium. Huy lies along the river Meuse, at the mouth of the small river Hoyoux. It is in the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia, home to the Walloon population.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ben-Ahin, Huy, Neuville-sous-Huy, and Tihange.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Ronald Cranford
Ronald Eugene Cranford (1941 – May 31, 2006) was a neurologist and expert on comas and unconsciousness. He is best known for his work with families on public cases involving persons in a persistent vegetative state.  He and three other doctors were responsible for introducing the "do not resuscitate" order.  He worked with the families of such notable cases as the Karen Ann Quinlan case, Paul Brophy, Nancy Cruzan case and Terri Schiavo case.

Unconsciousness
Unconsciousness is a state in which a living individual exhibits a complete, or near-complete, inability to maintain an awareness of self and environment or to respond to any human or environmental stimulus. Unconsciousness may occur as the result of traumatic brain injury, brain hypoxia (inadequate oxygen, possibly due to a brain infarction or cardiac arrest), severe intoxication with drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system (e.g., alcohol and other hypnotic or sedative drugs), severe fatigue, pain, anaesthesia, and other causes.

Loss of consciousness should not be confused with the notion of the psychoanalytic unconscious, cognitive processes that take place outside awareness (e.g., implicit cognition), and with altered states of consciousness such as sleep, delirium, hypnosis, and other altered states in which the person responds to stimuli, including trance and psychedelic experiences.
21 Lessons for the 21st Century
21 Lessons for the 21st Century is a book written by Israeli author Yuval Noah Harari and published in August 2018 by Spiegel & Grau in the US and by Jonathan Cape in the UK.  It is dedicated to the author's husband, Itzik.

The book consists of five parts, each containing four or five essays. The book focuses on present-day issues and societal questions.

Spiegel & Grau
Spiegel & Grau is an independent publisher based in New York. Led by Celina (Cindy) Spiegel and Julie Grau, Spiegel & Grau publishes upmarket and literary fiction, reported nonfiction, memoir, and prescriptive nonfiction.
Tarzan and the Forbidden City
Tarzan and the Forbidden City is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the twentieth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan.
Previous to its publication in book form, it was serialized during 1938 in Argosy magazine under the title The Red Star of Tarzan.

Tarzan (book series)
Tarzan is a series of 24 adventure novels written by Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875–1950) and published between 1912 and 1966, followed by several novels either co-written by Burroughs, or officially authorized by his estate. There are also two works written by Burroughs especially for children that are not considered part of the main series.

The series is considered a classic of literature and is the author's best-known work. The titular Tarzan has been called one of the best-known literary characters in the world. Tarzan has been adapted many times, complete or in part, for radio, television, stage, and cinema—it has been adapted for film more times than any book.

As of 2026, the first thirteen books, through Tarzan at the Earth's Core, are in the public domain worldwide. The later works are still under copyright in the United States.
The Joker (Steve Miller Band song)
"The Joker" is a song by American rock band Steve Miller Band from their eighth studio album, The Joker (1973). Released as a single in October 1973, the song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 in early 1974 and reached the top 20 in Australia, Canada, and the Netherlands.

More than 16 years later, in September 1990, "The Joker" reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks after being used in "Great Deal", a television advertisement for clothing company Levi's, and caused controversy for keeping Deee-Lite's "Groove Is in the Heart" off the number-one spot. This reissue of "The Joker" also topped the Irish Singles Chart, the New Zealand Singles Chart, the Dutch Nationale Top 100, and the Dutch Top 40.

The Joker (album)
The Joker is a combination live and studio album by Steve Miller Band. The album was recorded at Capitol Studios in 15 days and released by Capitol Records in October 1973.The album marked a period of significant change for the group as the band abandoned their psychedelic-oriented music for a more melodic, smooth rock/blues sound. It was also their first solid commercial success due to the strong radio-play of the title track. The album reached No. 2 on the Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart and has been certified Platinum in the United States. It reached No. 1 on the Cash Box Albums Charts on January 8, 1974.
Miliband of Brothers
Miliband of Brothers is a 2010 British satirical docu-drama directed by Richard Curson Smith and following the lives and careers of British politicians David Miliband and younger brother Ed, who at the time were both contesting the 2010 Labour leadership contest. Written by David Quantick, the programme was first shown on More4. It was produced by the same production team as the similar 2009 documentary When Boris Met Dave.

Richard Curson Smith
Richard Curson Smith is a British television director and producer. He has BAFTA, Emmy, RTS, Grierson, Real Screen, Broadcast, CSA and Prix Italia awards and nominations.

He heads his own production company, Absinthe Film Entertainment and is married to the British television producer and author Franny Moyle and has three children.