hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damian Tambini
Damian Tambini is a senior lecturer at the London School of Economics, and an associate fellow at the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) and the Oxford Internet Institute. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and serves on the advisory Groups of the Oxford Media Convention and Polis. He also teaches for the TRIUM Global Executive MBA Program, an alliance of NYU Stern, the London School of Economics and HEC School of Management. Damian Tambini is on the Advisory Board of the Center for International Media Ethics.

Oxford Internet Institute
The Oxford Internet Institute (OII) is a multidisciplinary department at the Social Sciences Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. It focuses the study of social, economic, and political dimensions of digital technologies.
Roberto de' Rossi
Roberto de' Rossi was an early humanist in Florence, a follower of Coluccio Salutati and, as the first pupil of Manuel Chrysoloras, one of the first Florentines to read Greek. Roberto de' Rossi was a wealthy patrician who never married and avoided public office but devoted his life to books and his studies in his house and garden in the Oltr'Arno district of Florence. His translations of Aristotle and other classical Greek writers made them widely available to the Latin-reading public, but his modern claim to fame is as the tutor of Cosimo de' Medici, a role for which he was selected by Giovanni di Bicci. Roberto's friends Leonardo Bruni and Niccolo Niccoli were inherited by Cosimo and formed part of his circle.

Cosimo de' Medici
Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who became the de facto first ruler of Florence during the Italian Renaissance, establishing the Medici family as its effective leaders for generations. His power derived from his wealth as a banker and intermarriage with other rich and powerful families. He was a patron of arts, learning, and architecture. He spent over 600,000 gold florins (approx. $500 million inflation adjusted) on art and culture, including Donatello's David, the first freestanding nude male sculpture since antiquity.

Despite his influence, his power was not absolute; he was viewed by fellow Florentine politicians as first among equals rather than an autocrat. Florence's legislative councils resisted his proposals throughout his political career, even sending him into exile from 1433 to 1434.
Rob Teplitz
Robert F. Teplitz (born December 20, 1970) is an American lawyer and politician who served as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 15th district, based in the state capital of Harrisburg, from 2013 to 2016. He was the first Democrat to represent this district since 1941, and only the second Democrat to win the seat since 1875.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Idaho State Highway 13
State Highway 13 (SH-13) is a state highway located entirely within Idaho County in North Central Idaho. SH-13 is 26 miles (42 km) long and runs from U.S. Route 95 (US 95) in Grangeville to US-12 in Kooskia. In addition to those cities, SH-13 also serves the city of Stites and the community of Harpster. SH-13 has one special route, Business Loop 13 in Kooskia.

North Central Idaho
North Central Idaho is an area which spans the central part of the state of Idaho and borders Oregon, Montana, and Washington.  It is the southern half of the state's Panhandle region and is rich in agriculture and natural resources. Lewis and Clark traveled through this area on their journey to the Pacific Ocean in September 1805, crossing Lolo Pass and continuing westward in canoes on the Clearwater River. They returned the following spring on their way eastward.

The primary cities are Lewiston and Moscow, home of the University of Idaho; both are on the region's western edge, near the Washington border.
Räucherkerze
A Räucherkerze (German: [ˈʁɔʏçɐˌkɛʁtsə] ⓘ), Räucherkerzchen or Räucherkegel (lit. 'smoking candle'  or 'little smoking candle'  or 'smoking cone') is an incense cone burned at Christmas time in Germany and in the Czech Republic in order to create pleasant scents around the house.

Frankincense
Frankincense, also known as olibanum (/oʊˈlɪbənəm/), is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfume, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. The word is from Old French franc encens ('high-quality incense'). There are several species of Boswellia that produce  frankincense, including, but not limited to, Boswellia sacra (syn. B. bhaw-dajiana, syn. B. carteri), B. frereana, B. serrata (B. thurifera), and B. papyrifera. Resin from each is available in various grades which is affected by the time in which it is harvested. The resin is hand-sorted for quality.
Ukrainian orthography of 1904
The Ukrainian orthography of 1904 (Ukrainian: Український правопис 1904 року, romanized: Ukrainskyi pravopys 1904 roku) is the official Ukrainian orthography in Austria-Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century. The spelling was officially formalized in the publication "Ruthenian orthography with a dictionary" (Ruthenian: Руська правопись зі словарцем), which was prepared and approved by the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv. Not only Western Ukrainian linguists, but also, among others, such Dnieper scholars as Ahatanhel Krymskyi, Yevhen Tymchenko, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, and V. Doroshenko took part in the creation of this orthographic manual.

Ruthenian language
Ruthenian (see also other names) was a written language used from the 14th to the 18th centuries within the East Slavic-speaking regions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Literary Ruthenian is considered to be a historical precursor to the modern Belarusian and Ukrainian languages (occasionally also to Rusyn), although neither standard language directly continues the Ruthenian written tradition.

Several linguistic issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various endonymic (native) and exonymic (foreign) glottonyms (names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions on its relation to modern East Slavic languages, and its relation to Old East Slavic (the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' in the 10th through 13th centuries).
Jasonia (Pontus)
Jasonia or Iasonia (Ancient Greek: Ἰασονία), also Iasonia Akropolis (Ancient Greek: Ἰασονία ἀκρόπολις), was a Greek Acropolis on the Black Sea coast of ancient Pontus. It was located on Cape Jasonium.

The exact site of the place is unlocated. Pliny the Elder also talks about a river called Jason located near another river called Melantio, between the cities of Ambiso and Farnacia.

Acropolis
An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense. The term is typically used to refer to the Acropolis of Athens, yet nearly every Greek city had an acropolis of its own. Acropolises were used as religious centers and places of worship, forts, and places in which the royal and high-status resided. Acropolises became the nuclei of large cities of classical ancient times, and served as important centers of a community. Some well-known acropolises have become the centers of tourism in the present day, and they are a rich source of archaeological information of ancient Greece, especially, the Acropolis of Athens.
IKCO Tara
The IKCO Tara (Persian: تارا, code name: K132) is a compact (C-segment) sedan produced by Iranian carmaker Iran Khodro since 2021. The Tara is a derivative of the Peugeot 301 and is based on Iran Khodro's IKP1 platform, which is a modified version of the PSA PF1 platform. The platform is shared with the Peugeot 208, Peugeot 2008 and Citroën C-Elysée.

C-segment
The C-segment is the 3rd category of the European segments for passenger cars and is described as "medium cars". It is equivalent to the Euro NCAP "small family car" size class, and the compact car category in the United States.

In 2024, the C-segment had a European market share of 13.9%.
Kurdish culture
Kurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. The Kurdish culture is a legacy from ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society.

Kurds are an Iranian ethnic group who live in the northern Middle East, in a region that the Kurds call Greater Kurdistan. Greater Kurdistan lies along the Zagros Mountains and the Taurus Mountains, and today comprises northeastern Iraq, northwestern Iran, northeastern Syria, and southeastern Turkey.

Kurdish alphabets
Kurdish is most commonly written using either of two alphabets: the Latin-based Bedirxan or Hawar alphabet, introduced by Celadet Alî Bedirxan in 1932 and popularized through the Hawar magazine, and the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet. The Kurdistan Region has agreed upon a standard for Central Kurdish, implemented in Unicode for computation purposes.
The Hawar alphabet is primarily used in Syria and Turkey, while the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet is commonly used in Iraq and Iran. The Hawar alphabet is also used to some extent in Iraqi Kurdistan. Two additional alphabets, based on the Armenian and Cyrillic scripts, were once used by Kurds in the Soviet Union, most notably in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and Kurdistansky Uyezd. Southern Kurdish lacks a standard orthography, as of 2024.
Lahun Mathematical Papyri
The Lahun Mathematical Papyri (also known as the Kahun Mathematical Papyri) is an ancient Egyptian mathematical text. It forms part of the Kahun Papyri, which was discovered at El-Lahun (also known as Lahun, Kahun or Il-Lahun) by Flinders Petrie during excavations of a workers' town near the pyramid of the Twelfth Dynasty pharaoh Sesostris II. The Kahun Papyri are a collection of texts including administrative texts, medical texts, veterinarian texts and six fragments devoted to mathematics.

El Lahun
El Lahun (Arabic: اللاهون El Lāhūn, Coptic: ⲗⲉϩⲱⲛⲉ alt. Illahun, Lahun, or Kahun, (the latter being a neologism coined by archaeologist William Matthew Flinders Petrie) is a town and pyramid complex in Faiyum, Egypt founded by Senusret II. The Pyramid of Senusret II (Greek: Sesostris II) is located near the modern town, and is often called the Pyramid of Lahun. The site was occupied during the Middle Kingdom into the late Thirteenth Dynasty, and then again in the New Kingdom. The ancient name of the site was rꜣ-ḥn.t, literally, "Mouth (or Opening) of the Canal". It was known as Ptolemais Hormos (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῒς ὅρμος, romanized: port of Ptolemy) in Ptolemaic Egypt. There are multiple areas at El Lahun including the Pyramid of Senwosret II, cemeteries, the Valley temple, and the town of Kahun. It contains many artifacts of daily life like pottery from the Middle Kingdom and evidence of administrative procedures seen on papyri and seals.
Longwarry
Longwarry is a town in Victoria, Australia, 83 kilometres (52 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shires of Baw Baw and Cardinia local government areas. Longwarry recorded a population of 2,436 at the 2021 census.

It has one primary school, Longwarry Primary School.

Longwarry is bypassed by the Princes Freeway.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Rosemary Foot (academic)
Rosemary June Foot, FBA (born 4 June 1948) is a British international relations scholar and political scientist. She is a Professor of International Relations and the John Swire Senior research Fellow in International Relations, St. Antony's College, Oxford. Her research interests are in the fields of security studies and human rights, with special reference to the Asia-Pacific. She has been a Fellow of the British Academy since 1996.

Her works include the books Order and Justice in International Relations (co-edited), and Rights Beyond Borders: The Global Community and the Struggle over Human Rights in China.

St Antony's College, Oxford
St Antony's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1950 as the result of the gift of French merchant Sir Antonin Besse of Aden, St Antony's specialises in international relations, economics, politics, and area studies relative to Europe, Russia, former Soviet states, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, Japan, China, and South and South East Asia.

The college is located in North Oxford, with Woodstock Road to the west, Bevington Road to the south and Winchester Road to the east. St Antony's had a financial endowment of £55.1 million as of 2021. Formerly a men's college, it has been co-educational since 1962.
Ninja miner
Ninja miner (Mongolian: Нинжа уурхайчин), or simply Ninja (Mongolian: Нинжа), is a nickname for a person who digs small unauthorized mines or pans dirt for gold in Mongolia. The miners are so named because the bowls they use for panning, when carried on their backs, are said to resemble the shells of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Although the term initially referred only to gold miners, it has also been used derogatorily to describe any kind of informal, illegal small-scale miners in Mongolia.

The popular use of the term in Mongolia declined in the late 2010s, as the number of illegal small-scale miners decreased and informal mining operations largely regularized through the issuance of licenses by the Government of Mongolia.

Selenge Province
Selenge (Mongolian: Сэлэнгэ) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia, located in the north of the country, directly bordering Russia. It lies in the broad, fertile river basins of the Selenge and Orkhon rivers, which are among Mongolia's most important waterways. The name is derived from the Selenge river. The capital is Sükhbaatar.

The province of Darkhan-Uul, and its capital Darkhan, is an enclave inside Selenge.
Key checksum value
In cryptography, a Key Checksum Value (KCV) is the checksum of a cryptographic key. It is used to validate the integrity of the key or compare keys without knowing their actual values. The KCV is computed by encrypting a block of bytes, each with value '00' or '01', with the cryptographic key and retaining the first 6 hexadecimal characters of the encrypted result. It is used in key management in different ciphering devices, such as SIM-cards or Hardware Security Modules (HSM).

In the GlobalPlatform technical specifications the KCV is defined for DES/3DES and AES keys as follows:

For a DES key, the key check value is computed by encrypting 8 bytes, each with value '00', with the key to be checked and retaining the 3 highest-order bytes of the encrypted result. For a AES key, the key check value is computed by encrypting 16 bytes, each with value '01', with the key to be checked and retaining the 3 highest-order bytes of the encrypted result.

The same definition is used by the GSMA.

Message authentication code
In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity-checking a message. In other words, it is used to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its integrity). The MAC value allows verifiers (who also possess a secret key) to detect any changes to the message content.
Hosa Theerpu
Hosa Theerpu (pronunciationⓘ transl. Novel Judgement) is a 1983 Indian Kannada-language directed by Shankar Nag, and is a remake of the Hindi-language film Dushmun (1972). It stars Ambareesh as Raja, a reckless truck driver who runs over a farmer, and is sentenced to two years of supporting the deceased's family as punishment for his crime. Jayanthi, Jayamala, Musuri Krishnamurthy, Dheerendra Gopal and Sadashiva Brahmavar feature in supporting roles.

Sadashiva Brahmavar
Sadashiva Brahmavar (1928–2018), known as Brahmavar, was an Indian actor who appeared in Kannada films. He is best known for his supporting roles in such movies including Guri (1986), Samyuktha (1988) and Sri Manjunatha (2001).
Martin Jetpack
The Martin Jetpack was a single-person aircraft under development. Despite its name, it did not use a jet pack as such, but ducted fans for lift. Martin Aircraft Company of New Zealand (not related to Glenn L. Martin Company, the US company also known as Martin Aircraft) developed it, and unveiled it at the Experimental Aircraft Association's 2008 AirVenture in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, US. The US Federal Aviation Administration classified it as an experimental ultralight airplane.

It used a petrol engine with two ducted fans to provide lift. It was specified to have a maximum speed of 40 km/h (25 mph), a flight ceiling of 2,500 ft (760 m), a range of 15–20 km (9.5–12.5 mi), and endurance of about 28 minutes of flight. Empty weight was 200 kg (440 lb). Martin Aircraft initially planned to target first responders as customers. In 2019, the company closed.

EAA AirVenture Oshkosh
EAA AirVenture Oshkosh (formerly the EAA Annual Convention and Fly-In), or just Oshkosh, is an annual air show and gathering of aviation enthusiasts held each summer at the Wittman Regional Airport and adjacent Pioneer Airport in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States. The southern part of the show grounds, as well as "Camp Scholler", are located in the town of Nekimi and a base for seaplanes is located on Lake Winnebago in the town of Black Wolf.

The airshow is arranged by the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA), an international general aviation organization based in Oshkosh, and is the largest of its kind in the world. The show lasts a week, usually beginning on the Monday of the last full week in July. During the gathering, the airport's control tower, frequency 118.5, is the busiest in the world.
Zgornje Poljčane
Zgornje Poljčane (pronounced [ˈzɡoːɾnjɛ pɔlˈtʃaːnɛ], formerly Poljčane, German: Pöltschach) is a settlement in the Municipality of Poljčane in northeastern Slovenia. It lies at the foothills of Mount Boč on the right bank of the Dravinja River. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Poljčane
The Municipality of Poljčane (pronounced [pɔlˈtʃaːnɛ]; Slovene: Občina Poljčane) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Poljčane. Poljčane became a municipality in 2006.
No. 84 Group RAF
No. 84 Group RAF was a group of the Royal Air Force Second Tactical Air Force which was operational during the Second World War

It was formed at Cowley Barracks, Oxford on 15 July 1943. By 24 July 1944 a Rear Headquarters had been formed at Cowley.

On 5 June 1944 it consisted of:

Hawker Typhoon fighter-bombers
No. 123 Wing RAF at RAF Thorney Island
No. 136 Wing RAF at RAF Thorney Island
No. 146 Wing RAF at RAF Needs Oar Point

North American Mustangs
No. 133 (Polish) Wing RAF at RAF Coolham

Supermarine Spitfire fighters
No. 131 Wing RAF at RAF Chailey
No. 132 Wing RAF at RAF Bognor
No. 134 Wing RAF at RAF Appledram
No. 135 Wing RAF at RAF Selsey
No. 145 Wing RAF at RAF Merston

Its last Air Officer Commanding was Air Vice Marshal Percy Maitland. By January 1948 Maitland was taking over command of No. 22 Group RAF.

RAF Needs Oar Point
Royal Air Force Needs Oar Point or more simply RAF Needs Oar Point is a former Royal Air Force advanced landing ground located near Lymington in Hampshire, England.  Constructed in 1943 it was used from April 1944 as a base for Hawker Typhoon fighter-bomber squadrons of No. 146 Wing of the 2nd Tactical Air Force supporting the Normandy landings. All four operational squadrons moved to RAF Hurn for two weeks before moving on to France by July 1944 and the airfield was returned to agricultural use in 1945.
Rentech
Rentech, Inc. (stands for Renewable Energy Technology) was a Los Angeles, California–based company that owned and operated wood fiber processing and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing businesses. It provided wood chipping and wood pellet services through a subsidiary Fulghum Fibres, Inc. and sold nitrogen fertilizer through Rentech Nitrogen Partners, L.P. In addition, Rentech owned the intellectual property for a number of energy technologies, such as Rentech–SilvaGas Gasification Process and Fischer–Tropsch process based Rentech Process.

Commerce City, Colorado
Commerce City is a home rule city located in Adams County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 62,418 at the 2020 United States census, a 35.95% increase since the 2010 United States census. Commerce City is the 18th most populous municipality in Colorado. Commerce City is located north of Denver and is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.

Commerce City is known for being the home of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge with its only entrance located in the city.  Dick's Sporting Goods Park, a premier soccer stadium facility in Commerce City, hosts the Colorado Rapids of Major League Soccer.
John Westin
John Westin (born 19 May 1992) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey forward. He was selected in the seventh round, 207th overall, by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft.

After suffering a broken arm during the 2010 pre-season, Westin made his Elitserien debut for Modo Hockey on 19 February 2011 against Djurgården. His older brother Jens also plays professionally and was formerly a teammate at Modo and Timrå IK.

2010 NHL entry draft
The 2010 NHL entry draft was the 48th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 25–26, 2010, at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, the home arena of the Los Angeles Kings. This was the first time Los Angeles hosted the NHL entry draft. An unofficial record of eleven American-trained players were selected in the first round, starting with Jack Campbell and ending with Brock Nelson. The record was set in the 2006 and 2007 drafts, where ten U.S.-trained players were selected in the first round.

As of 2025 there are 38 active NHL players from this draft.