hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
546th Bombardment Squadron
The 546th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last assigned to the 384th Bombardment Wing at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, where it was inactivated on 1 September 1964.

The squadron was first activated during World War II as a heavy bomber unit.  After training in the United States, it moved to England, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany.  It earned two Distinguished Unit Citations during combat over Europe.  It remained in Europe after V-E Day, and was inactivated in France in 1946.  The squadron was again active in the reserve from 1947 to 1949, but does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped.

The squadron was activated by Strategic Air Command at Little Rock in 1955, and served as part of SAC's strategic deterrent force until inactivating as SAC phased out the Boeing B-47 Stratojet.

Air National Guard
The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force of the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as the "air militia" of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It, along with the Army National Guard component of each state, district, commonwealth or territory, makes up the National Guard of each region as applicable. Additionally, the ANG and the United States Air Force Reserve constitute the two air reserve components of the USAF.

When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, when federalized by order of the president of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the U.S. Air Force. They are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the U.S. National Guard.
Wormegay
Wormegay is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is situated some 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) south of King's Lynn and 60 km (37 mi) west of Norwich.

It covers an area of 12.18 km2 (4.7 sq mi) and had a population of 339 in 141 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 359 at the 2011 census.

For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. Norfolk County Council is responsible for roads, some schools, and social services. For Westminster elections the parish forms part of the North West Norfolk constituency.

The place-name 'Wormegay' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, and means 'the island of Wyrm's people'.

The parish church is a Grade II* listed building. Just to the west of the village centre lies Wormegay Castle, a motte-and-bailey earthwork.

Norfolk County Council
Norfolk County Council is the upper-tier local authority for Norfolk, England. Below it there are seven second-tier district councils: Breckland, Broadland, Great Yarmouth, North Norfolk, Norwich, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, and South Norfolk.

The council has been under Conservative majority control since 2017. It is based at County Hall, Norwich.
Buller Rugby Football Union
The Buller Rugby Union (BRU) is a rugby union province based in the town of Westport, New Zealand. The Buller provincial boundary also includes other notable towns such as Reefton, Karamea, Granity, Charleston, Punakaiki and Murchison (Murchison RFC currently compete in the Tasman provincial Union competition).

Murchison, New Zealand
Murchison is a town in the Tasman Region of the South Island of New Zealand. It is near the western end of the "Four Rivers Plain", at the confluence of the Buller River and the Mātakitaki River. The other two rivers are the Mangles River, and the Matiri River.
It is a rural service town for the surrounding mixed farming district, approximately halfway between Westport and Nelson. Murchison was named after the Scottish geologist Roderick Murchison, one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society.
Marvin Kristynik
Marvin Christopher Kristynik  is an American former football player and coach who started as quarterback for the Texas Longhorns in the mid 1960s. He was the third-string quarterback on Texas' first national championship team in 1963, before becoming the starter the following two years. After graduating, he spent a decade as an assistant coach before leaving the profession as the offensive coordinator for the University of Texas at El Paso.

Texas Longhorns football
The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Their home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.

With over 950 wins, and an all-time win–loss percentage of .704, the Longhorns rank 5th and 7th on the all-time wins and win–loss records lists, respectively. Additionally, the program claims 4 national championships, 34 conference championships, 100 First Team All-Americans (63 consensus and 27 unanimous), and 2 Heisman Trophy winners.
Wolffia australiana
Wolffia australiana is a species of flowering plant in the subfamily Lemnaceae within the family Araceae.

Wolffia australiana is the smallest flowering plant and it has the fastest growing population due to cloning itself, which mostly uses asexual reproduction and rarely produces flowers except under stress or seasonal conditions. Wolffia australiana has an average lifespan of about 17 days, which produces 11 new fronds. It can change its cellular structure as a survival mechanism during different seasons.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Acorna's World
Acorna's World (2000) is a science fantasy novel by American writers Anne McCaffrey and Elizabeth Ann Scarborough. It is the fourth in the Acorna Universe series initiated by McCaffrey and Margaret Ball in Acorna: The Unicorn Girl (1997). World was preceded by Acorna's People and followed by Acorna's Search.

Elizabeth Ann Scarborough
Elizabeth Ann Scarborough (born March 23, 1947) is an American writer of science fiction and fantasy and Registered Nurse who lives in Port Townsend, Washington.  She has published over 40 novels, as well as collaborating with Anne McCaffrey on multiple series.
Richard Condon (impresario)
Richard Condon (born 1937 in Belfast– died 1991 in County Mayo), was an impresario and theatre manager.

Condon, affectionately known as Dick was made theatre manager of the Theatre Royal, Norwich in 1972. During his tenure, the genial Irishman transformed the theatre into one of the most popular in Europe.  On leaving the theatre after a funding dispute, he formed a partnership with the Pavilion Theatre, Cromer Pier and helped to produce the ever-popular Seaside Special.  In 1987, he was appointed general manager of the revived D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, helping to restart the company in 1988.

After his death the Eastern Daily Press wrote that he was among the "best known and assuredly best loved figures in Norfolk"

Eastern Daily Press
The Eastern Daily Press (EDP) is a regional newspaper covering Norfolk, northern parts of Suffolk and eastern Cambridgeshire, and is published daily in Norwich, UK. The paper also produces a sister edition, the Norwich Evening News.
Honey Brook, Pennsylvania
Honey Brook is a borough  in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of the borough was 1,895 at the 2020 census.  The borough is surrounded by Honey Brook Township, and both are referred to locally collectively as Honey Brook.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Radec, California
Radec is a small unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. Located roughly 15 miles east by southeast of the city of Temecula, the community of Radec (an anadrome of "Cedar") is located along Highway 79. Having bought land in the area in 1883, early settler Samuel Tripp set up a post office there.  As of 1893–94, a local directory listed the area as growing honey, hay and stock, but also as having "no commercial interest of any kind." A total of 14 people, mainly farmers and beekeepers, plus a laborer and Tripp, are listed in the directory. The County of Riverside owns a small, non-operational cemetery in Radec.

Beekeeper
A beekeeper is a person who keeps honey bees, a profession known as beekeeping. The term beekeeper refers to a person who keeps honey bees in beehives, boxes, or other receptacles. The beekeeper does not control the creatures. The beekeeper owns the hives or boxes and associated equipment. The bees are free to forage or leave (swarm) as they desire. Bees usually return to the beekeeper's hive as it presents a clean, dark, sheltered home.

Beekeepers are also called honey farmers, apiarists, or less commonly, apiculturists (both from the Latin apis, bee; cf. apiary).
Clarinet Concerto (Copland)
Aaron Copland's Clarinet Concerto (also referred to as the Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra or the Concerto for Clarinet, Strings, Harp and Piano) was written between 1947 and 1949, although a first version was available in 1948. The concerto was later choreographed by Jerome Robbins for ballet The Pied Piper (1951).

Jerome Robbins
Jerome Robbins (born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz; October 11, 1918 – July 29, 1998) was an American dancer, choreographer, film director, theatre director and producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television.

Among his numerous stage productions were On the Town, Peter Pan, High Button Shoes, The King and I, The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing, West Side Story, Gypsy, and Fiddler on the Roof. Robbins was a five-time Tony Award-winner and a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors. He received two Academy Awards, including the 1961 Academy Award for Best Director with Robert Wise for West Side Story and a special Academy Honorary Award for his choreographic achievements on film.

A documentary about Robbins's life and work, Something to Dance About, featuring excerpts from his journals, archival performance and rehearsal footage, and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues, premiered on PBS in 2009 and won both an Emmy and a Peabody Award the same year.
Derek Amell
Derek Amell (born September 16, 1968 in Port Colborne, Ontario) is a National Hockey League linesman, who wears uniform number 75. He was one of the selected linesman who officiated the 2009, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2020 Stanley Cup Finals. He was selected to work games in the ice hockey men's tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.

Port Colborne
Port Colborne is a city in Ontario, Canada that is located on Lake Erie, at the southern end of the Welland Canal, in the Niagara Region of Southern Ontario. The original settlement, known as Gravelly Bay, dates from 1832  and was renamed after Sir John Colborne, a British war hero and the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada at the time of the opening of the (new) southern terminus of the First Welland Canal in 1833. The city's population in 2021 was 20,033.
Press Enterprise (Pennsylvania)
The Press Enterprise is a daily newspaper published in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, United States. It is owned by the parent company Press Enterprise Inc. and run by the Eyerly family. The newspaper serves a wide area, including Columbia County and Montour County, along with sections of Northumberland and Luzerne counties. This includes the municipalities of Bloomsburg, Danville, Berwick, Benton, Millville, Catawissa and Elysburg. Its editor is Peter Kendron.

News writers include Senior Reporter Leon Bogdan and staffers Susan Schwartz, M.J. Mahon and Drew Mumich, as well as part-time staff. Photographers include Jimmy May and a stable of part-timers.

One popular feature of the paper is its "30 Seconds" section, which allows readers to call or e-mail short, anonymous messages to the paper. The messages are usually printed within a few days, sometimes with comments by the editor.

Millville, Pennsylvania
Millville is a borough in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2023 census it had a population of 984. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area.
Hidden algebra
Hidden algebra provides a formal semantics for use in the field of software engineering, especially for concurrent distributed object systems. It supports correctness proofs.

Hidden algebra was studied by Joseph Goguen. It handles features of large software-based systems, including concurrency, distribution, nondeterminism, and local states. It also handled object-oriented features like classes, subclasses (inheritance), attributes, and methods. Hidden algebra generalizes process algebra and transition system approaches.

Concurrency (computer science)
In computer science, concurrency refers to the ability of a system to execute multiple tasks through simultaneous execution or time-sharing (context switching), sharing resources and managing interactions. Concurrency improves responsiveness, throughput, and scalability in modern computing, including:

Operating systems and embedded systems

Distributed systems, parallel computing, and high-performance computing

Database systems, web applications, and cloud computing
Fennelly Commission
The Fennelly commission, formally the Commission of Investigation (Certain Matters relative to An Garda Síochána and other persons), was a commission of investigation established in April 2014 by the then government of Ireland to investigate several controversies involving the Garda Síochána. The sole member of the commission was Nial Fennelly, a retired justice of the Supreme Court. Fennelly identified three separate strands within the commission's terms of reference:

Garda phone recordings scandal: unauthorised recordings made since the 1980s of conversations to and from some Garda stations (other than 999 emergency telephone number calls, recorded as a matter of course).

Death of Sophie Toscan du Plantier: evidence from phone recordings at Bandon Garda station of misconduct in the investigation

Martin Callinan: circumstances of his retirement as Garda Commissioner in March 2014.

Supreme Court of Ireland
The Supreme Court of Ireland (Irish: Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in Ireland. It is a court of final appeal and exercises, in conjunction with the Court of Appeal and the High Court, judicial review over Acts of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Supreme Court also has appellate jurisdiction to ensure compliance with the Constitution of Ireland by governmental bodies and private citizens. It sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.
Sepia saya
Sepia saya is a species of cuttlefish known only from its type locality in the southwestern Indian Ocean. It lives at depths of 87 to 117 m.

Sepia saya grows to a mantle length of 90 mm.

The type specimen was collected near the Saya-de-Malha Bank in the Indian Ocean (10°30′S 61°10′E﻿ / ﻿10.500°S 61.167°E﻿ / -10.500; 61.167 to 10°32′S 61°11′E﻿ / ﻿10.533°S 61.183°E﻿ / -10.533; 61.183). It is deposited at the Zoological Museum in Moscow.

Saya de Malha Bank
The Saya de Malha Bank (also the Sahia de Malha Bank, modern Portuguese: saia de malha, English: mesh skirt) or Mesh Skirt Bank, is one of the largest submerged ocean banks in the world, a part of the vast undersea Mascarene Plateau.
Sudeste Rio-Grandense
Sudeste Rio-Grandense (Southeast of Rio Grande) is one of the seven Mesoregions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It consists of 25 municipalities, grouped in four Microregions:

Jaguarão

Litoral Lagunar

Pelotas

Serras de Sudeste

Microregions of Brazil
A microregion (Portuguese: Microrregião) was a legally defined area in Brazil consisting of a group of municipalities. They were abolished in 2017 and replaced by Intermediate and Immediate Geographic Regions. Microregions were grouped together into mesoregions. In theory, Brazilian law provided for member municipalities to cooperate on matters of common interest, but in practice, the divisions were used primarily for statistical purposes by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.
Phragmidium violaceum
Phragmidium violaceum is a plant pathogen native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. It primarily infects Rubus species.

It has been used in the biological control of invasive blackberry species in Chile, Australia, and New Zealand. In 2005, it was discovered growing on Himalayan blackberry plants in Oregon. This accidental introduction does not appear to be infecting native vegetation, so it offers hope for reducing the impact of invasive blackberries in the Pacific Northwest.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Rosedale Chimney Bank
Rosedale Chimney Bank or just Chimney Bank is a hill pass that carries a minor road between Rosedale Abbey and Hutton-le-Hole in the North York Moors National Park, North Yorkshire, England. The tarmacked highway shares the title of steepest road in England (the other is Hardknott Pass in Cumbria).

The pass has an average gradient of 13%, with a maximum gradient of 1 in 3 (about 33%) and climbs 568 feet (173 m) on its 0.81-mile (1.3 km) route. It is colloquially known by cyclists as The Chain Breaker.

In 1987 it was used as the venue for the National Hill Climb Championship.

It takes its name from a 100-foot (30 m) high chimney which was built to support an ironstone mine which was in that area. The mine closed in 1929, but its chimney remained until it was demolished on 28 July 1972.

North York Moors
The North York Moors is an upland area and national park in North Yorkshire, England. It contains one of the largest expanses of heather moorland in the United Kingdom.

The area was designated a national park in 1952, through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The park covers an area of 554 sq mi (1,430 km2), and had a population of 22,935 at the 2021 census. It is administered by the North York Moors National Park Authority, which is based in Helmsley.
Rickshawala
Rickshawala (transl. The Rickshaw Man) is a 1973 Indian Hindi-language film starring Randhir Kapoor, Neetu Singh and Mala Sinha and directed by K. Shankar and Produced by R M Veerappan under his noted Sathya Movies banner. It was Neetu Singh's first film in lead role. It was remake of the 1971 Tamil film Rickshawkaran.

K. Shankar
Kannan Shankar (17 March 1926 - 5 March 2006) was an Indian film editor, screenwriter and director. He directed more than 80 films in South Indian languages including Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada as well as in Hindi.
Liechtensteinklamm
Liechtensteinklamm (Liechtenstein Gorge) is a gorge with walls up to 300m high, located near St Johann im Pongau in the Austrian Alps, 50 km south of Salzburg. It is around 4 km long and is named after Johann II of Liechtenstein who had the walkways installed in 1875.

The gorge is around 4 km in length of which 1 km is accessible during summer months by means of wooden walkways. It has a depth of up to 300m and in some places is only a few meters wide. At the end of the gorge is a waterfall. It receives around 100,000 visitors a year.

The waters of the Großarler Ache, a mountain stream, formed the gorge over thousands of years. In 1875 work began by members of the Pongau Alpine Club to make the gorge accessible, but was not completed due to a lack of funds. Prince Johann II of Liechtenstein, who ran a hunting lodge in the nearby Großarl, donated 600 guilders for an expansion of the work. At the completion of work in 1876 the gorge was renamed to honour the donation from the Prince.

Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein
Johann II (Johann Maria Franz Placidus; 5 October 1840 – 11 February 1929), nicknamed the Good (German: Der Gute), was Prince of Liechtenstein from 12 November 1858 until his death in 1929.

His reign of 70 years and 91 days is the third-longest of any sovereign monarch in European history, after those of King Louis XIV and Queen Elizabeth II respectively, and fourth-longest overall for which exact dates are known (after King Louis, Queen Elizabeth, and King Bhumibol Adulyadej respectively).
Tull en 't Waal
Tull en 't Waal is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. Until 1962, it was a separate municipality, but now it is a part of the municipality of Houten. Originally, there were two villages:  't Waal, at the site of the present village; and Tull, more to the south. It also has a ferry connection to the town of Culemborg. It is located close to the Lek River.

Culemborg
Culemborg (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkyləmbɔr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a municipality and a city in the centre of the Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. The city had a population of 29,386 on 1 January 2022 and is situated just south of the Lek river. Direct train lines run from the railway station towards the cities of Utrecht and Den Bosch, via the near railway bridge.
William Hodgson (Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge)
William Hodgson (died 16 October 1847) was an English clergyman and academic, who served as Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge from 1838 until his death.

The son of a Cumberland farmer, Hodgson entered Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1819, and graduated B.A. (11th wrangler) 1823, M.A. 1826, B.D. 1833, D.D. 1838.

Ordained deacon in 1824 and priest in 1825, he was appointed a Fellow of Peterhouse in 1825, a Tutor, and Master of Peterhouse in 1838. He served as vice-chancellor in 1838–39 and 1843–44.

In the church, Hodgson was Vicar of Cherry Hinton (1836–38) and Rector of Glaston (1838–47).

On 19 July 1838 he married Charlotte Tarleton.

He died on 16 October 1847 in the Master's Lodge at Peterhouse, and was buried in the college chapel.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.