hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Musta'in
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʾllāh (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد بن محمد; 836 – 17 October 866), better known by his regnal title al-Mustaʿīn (836 – 17 October 866) was the Abbasid caliph from 862 to 866, during the "Anarchy at Samarra". After the death of previous Caliph, al-Muntasir (who had not appointed any successors), the Turkic military leaders held a council to select his successor. They were not willing to have al-Mu'tazz or his brothers; so they elected Ahmad ibn Muhammad (أحمد بن محمد), a nephew of al-Mutawakkil, who took the regnal name al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʾllāh (المستعين بالله  "he who looks for help to God").

Arab and other troops based in Baghdad, displeased at the choice, attacked the assembly, broke open the prison, and plundered the armory. They were attacked by the Turkic and Berber soldiers, and after some fighting in which many died, succumbed.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Banu Onaral
Banu Onaral (June 15, 1949 – December 17, 2024) was a Turkish academic who was the H.H. Sun Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

In 1997, she founded Drexel University's School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems.

Drexel University
Drexel University is a private research university with its main campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Drexel's undergraduate school was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a financier and philanthropist. Founded as Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry, it was renamed Drexel Institute of Technology in 1936, before assuming its current name in 1970. As of 2020, more than 24,000 students were enrolled in over 70 undergraduate programs and more than 100 master's, doctoral, and professional programs at the university. Drexel's cooperative education program (co-op) is a unique aspect of the school's degree programs, offering students the opportunity to gain up to 18 months of paid, full-time work experience in a field relevant to their undergraduate major or graduate degree program prior to graduation.
1992–93 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1992–93 English football season, Brentford competed in the second tier of English football for the first time since 1953–54. After rising to mid-table by December 1992, just four wins from the final 24 matches relegated the Bees straight back to the Second Division. Brentford played in the Anglo-Italian Cup for the first and only time during the season and lost to Derby County in the semi-finals.

Football League First Division Manager of the Month
The Football League First Division Manager of the Month award was a monthly prize of recognition given to association football managers in the Football League First Division, the second tier of English football from 1992 to 2004. The award was announced in the first week of the following month. From the 2004–05 season onwards, following a rebranding exercise by The Football League, the second tier was known as the Football League Championship, thus the award became the Football League Championship Manager of the Month award.
Arzamas Society
The Arzamas Society (Russian: "Арзамас") was a literary society in Saint Petersburg in 1815-1818. The society received its name after a humorous work by a Russian statesman Dmitry Bludov called A Vision at the Inn at Arzamas, Published by the Society of Scholars ("Видение в арзамасском трактире, изданное обществом учёных людей"). Among the members of this society were Vasily Zhukovsky, Konstantin Batyushkov, Pyotr Vyazemsky, Vasily Pushkin and others. As supporters of the Karamzin reform, the society members argued against conservative ideas of the Lovers of the Russian Word Society and advocated the rapprochement of literary and conversational languages and new genres in poetry.

Konstantin Batyushkov
Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov (Russian: Константи́н Никола́евич Ба́тюшков, IPA: [kənstɐnʲˈtʲin nʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪdʑ ˈbatʲʊʂkəf] ⓘ; 29 May [O.S. 18 May] 1787 – 19 July [O.S. 7 July] 1855) was a Russian poet, essayist and translator of the Romantic era.  He also served in the diplomatic corps, spending an extended period in 1818 and 1819 as a secretary to the Russian diplomatic mission at Naples.
Batyushkov was also the leading expert on Italian animals in the 17th century.
Beese
Beese is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amelie Beese (1886–1925), German aviator

Barbara Beese (born 1946), British activist

Baw Beese (c. 1790 – c. 1850), Potawatomi Indian chief

Darcus Beese (born 1969), British music executive

Lorena S. Beese, American biochemist

Lotte Stam-Beese (1903–1988), German architect and urban planner

Amelie Beese
Amelie Hedwig Boutard-Beese (13 September 1886 – 21 December 1925), also known as Melli Beese, was the first female German pilot, qualifying in 1911, as well as the first such aircraft engineer. Together with Lilly Steinschneider and Marie Marvingt, she is considered one of the first female pioneers of aviation. To get there, however, she had to overcome many obstacles and fight the male-dominated bastion.
Jacme Rovira
Jacme Rovira (Catalan: [ˈʒaɡmə ruˈβiɾə], Occitan: [ˈdʒaɡme ruˈβiɾa]; modern Catalan spelling: Jaume Rovira) was a Catalan poet who wrote in Occitan and competed within the Consistori del Gay Saber.

On 3 May 1386 Jacme participated in a partimen with Bernat de Palaol before the judges Ramon Galbarra and Germà de Gontaut. The dilemma before the poets was this: if a knight loves a lady who does not return his affection while another dame, of equal merit, loves him, but to her he is indifferent, whom should he serve? Bernat defended the claim of the second lady, while Jacme of the first. The judges found in favour of Jacme.

Jacme also wrote a seventy-two line piece beginning Qui vol al mon de fis pretz fama granda.

Old Occitan
Old Occitan (Modern Occitan: occitan ancian, Catalan: occità antic), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the 8th to the 14th centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term occitanus appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as "Romance" (Occitan: romans) or "Provençal" (Occitan: proensals) in medieval texts.
Jamnica
Jamnica can refer to:

Jamnica, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, a village in Poland

Jamnica, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, a village in Poland

Jamnica, Prevalje, a village near Prevalje, Slovenia

Jamnica (company), a water company from Croatia

Jamnica, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Jamnica [jamˈɲit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamionka Wielka, within Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 720.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs is an Indian government ministry primarily concerned with administration of the Companies Act 2013, the Companies Act 1956, the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.

It is responsible mainly for the regulation of Indian enterprises in the industrial and services sector. The ministry is mostly run by civil servants of the ICLS cadre. These officers are selected through the Civil Services Examination conducted by Union Public Service Commission. The highest post, Director General of Corporate Affairs (DGCoA), is fixed at Apex Scale for the ICLS. The current minister is Nirmala Sitaraman.

Civil Services Examination
The Civil Services Examination (CSE) is a standardised test in India conducted by the Union Public Service Commission(UPSC) for recruitment to higher civil services in the Government of India, such as the All India Services and Central Civil Services (Group A and a few Group B posts).

It is conducted in three phases: a preliminary examination consisting of two objective-type papers (Paper I consisting of General Studies and Paper II, referred to as the Civil Service Aptitude Test or CSAT), and a main examination consisting of nine papers of conventional (essay) type, in which two papers are qualifying and only marks of seven are counted; finally followed by a personality test (interview). A successful candidate sits for 32 hours of examination during the complete process spanning around one year.
Stanley Cohen (attorney)
Stanley Cohen (born 1950) is an American attorney and political activist. Born into an Orthodox Jewish family, he describes himself as "an advocate for many people the government would like to silence or put in jail."

He has represented members of Hamas and Hezbollah, as well as a relative of Osama Bin Laden, and detainees at Guantanamo Bay. In 2014 he pleaded guilty to tax charges and was sentenced to 18 months in prison, resulting in suspension of his law license.

Cohen said, in 2023, he has maintained contact with Hamas leaders on legal matters. He described Ismail Haniyeh as "warm, loving, and principled."

He has written a series of opinion pieces for Al Jazeera English.

Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; Arabic: الجزيرة, romanized: al-jazīrah, lit. 'the island', pronounced [æl (d)ʒæˈziːrɐ]), often known as Al Jazeera, is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar. Al Jazeera introduced an English-language division in 2006. It is the first global English-language news channel to be headquartered in the Middle East.

Al Jazeera is known for its in-depth and frontline reporting particularly in conflict zones such as the Arab Spring, the Gaza–Israel conflict and others. Al Jazeera's coverage of the Arab Spring won the network numerous awards, including the Peabody Award. It positions itself as an alternative media platform to the dominance of Western media outlets like CNN and BBC, focusing on narrative reporting where subjects present their own stories.
Northland (Columbus, Ohio)
Northland is a residential and commercial area in northeast Columbus, Ohio. The area is served by the Northland Community Council, which oversees land east of Worthington, roughly north of Morse Road, south of I-270, and west of New Albany, including the neighborhood Forest Park and the independent village of Minerva Park.

The area has one of the largest populations of new American citizens in Columbus, including thousands of refugees from Nepal, Somalia, and Bhutan.

Northland Mall
Northland Mall was a shopping mall located on the north side of Columbus, Ohio, at the intersection of Morse Road and Karl Road. It opened in 1964 as an open-air shopping center. Northland was the first of the four directionally-named shopping hubs in Columbus, along with Eastland, Westland, and Southland (a small strip center, now closed). Though popular through the 1990s, three new shopping centers were completed in the late 1990s and early 2000s that took businesses and shoppers away from Northland. It closed in 2002 and was demolished in 2004. The site has subsequently been redeveloped as Northland Village, a multi-use complex containing government offices, retail stores and the Franklin County Dog Shelter and Adoption Center.
Johannes Govertus de Man
Johannes Govertus de Man (2 May 1850 in Middelburg – 9 January 1930 in Middelburg), was a Dutch biologist. He was assistant curator at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie (Dutch for national natural history museum) in Leiden, where he specialised in free-living nematodes and decapod crustaceans, although he also wrote papers on flatworms, sipunculids and, in his dissertation only, vertebrates. His change away from vertebrates disappointed the director of the museum, and de Man left his job there after eleven years. For the rest of his life, de Man worked at his parents' house in Middelburg and later at a house near the shore at Yerseke in the Oosterschelde estuary, relying on his family's private income.

Eastern Scheldt
The Eastern Scheldt (Dutch: Oosterschelde) is a former estuary in the province of Zeeland, Netherlands, between Schouwen-Duiveland and Tholen on the north and Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland on the south. It also features the largest national park in the Netherlands, founded in 2002.
Pteris vittata
Pteris vittata, the Chinese brake, Chinese ladder brake, or simply ladder brake, is a fern species in the Pteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is indigenous to Asia, southern Europe, tropical Africa, and Australia. The type specimen was collected in China by Pehr Osbeck.

Pehr Osbeck
Pehr Osbeck (1723 – 23 December 1805) was a Swedish explorer, naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus. He was born in the parish of Hålanda on Västergötland and studied at Uppsala with Carolus Linnaeus.
Wells Island
Wells Island is a bar island in Tyler County, West Virginia on the Ohio River. In 1891, the Board on Geographic Names officially decided upon Wells Island as the island's name. It lies to the southwest of Sistersville. Wells Island is protected as part of the Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge.

Tyler County, West Virginia
Tyler County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,313. Its county seat is Middlebourne. The county was founded in 1814 and is named after John Tyler, Sr., father of President John Tyler.
2020 NRL Women's Grand Final
The 2020 NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2020 National Rugby League Women's season in Australia. It was contested between the Brisbane Broncos and the Sydney Roosters on 25 October at Accor Stadium in Sydney.

The match was followed by the National Rugby League grand final. Unlike 2019 and 2022 onwards, there was no NRL State Championship match in 2020 due to the NSW Cup competition being suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The match was broadcast live throughout Australia by the Nine Network.

Zahara Temara
Zahara Temara (born 4 July 1997) is an Australian rugby league footballer who plays as a halfback for the Canberra Raiders Women in the NRL Women's Premiership and the Burleigh Bears in the QRL Women's Premiership.

She is an Australian and Queensland representative, who also played for the Queensland Reds in the Super W.
Ron Loewinsohn
Ronald William Loewinsohn (December 15, 1937 – October 14, 2014) was an American poet and novelist who was associated with the poetry of the San Francisco Renaissance since his inclusion in Donald Allen's 1960 poetry anthology, The New American Poetry 1945–1960. He was Professor Emeritus of English at the University of California, Berkeley.

San Francisco Renaissance
The term San Francisco Renaissance is used as a global designation for a range of poetic activity centered on San Francisco, which brought it to prominence as a hub of the American poetry avant-garde in the 1950s. However, others (e.g., Alan Watts, Ralph J. Gleason) felt this renaissance was a broader phenomenon and should be seen as also encompassing the visual and performing arts, philosophy, cross-cultural interests (particularly those that involved Asian cultures), and new social sensibilities.
The Scarlet Letter (1995 film)
The Scarlet Letter is a 1995 American romantic historical drama film directed by Roland Joffé, based on the 1850 novel of the same name by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The film stars Demi Moore, Gary Oldman, and Robert Duvall, and was produced by Roland Joffé and Andrew G. Vajna.

The Scarlet Letter was released in the United States on October 13, 1995, by Buena Vista Pictures.

Campbell River, British Columbia
Campbell River is a city in the Sayward Land District of British Columbia, Canada, on the east coast of Vancouver Island at the south end of Discovery Passage, which lies along the 50th parallel north along the important Inside Passage shipping route. Campbell River has a population (2021 census) of 35,138 and has long been touted as the "salmon capital of the world." Campbell River and Region are near the communities of Quadra and the Discovery Islands, Sayward, Oyster River, Gold River, Tahsis and Zeballos.

Campbell River is served by the coast-spanning Island Highway, the nearby but now defunct Island Rail Corridor, and Campbell River Airport.
Emil and the Detectives (1935 film)
Emil and the Detectives is a 1935 British family adventure film directed by Milton Rosmer and starring John Williams, George Hayes and Mary Glynne.

It is a remake of the 1931 German film Emil and the Detectives with the main setting moved from Berlin to London. Otherwise it follows the original very closely, largely using Billy Wilder's screenplay, the music by Allan Gray, even recreating many of the same camera shots. It was made at Shepperton Studios.

Milton Rosmer
Milton Rosmer (4 November 1881 – 7 December 1971) was a British actor, film director and screenwriter. He made his screen debut in The Mystery of a Hansom Cab (1915) and continued to act in theatre, film and television until 1956. In 1926 he directed his first film The Woman Juror and went on to direct another 16 films between 1926 and 1938.

He began his acting career as a stage actor and appeared as Francis Tresham in "The Breed of the Treshams" (1903) opposite John Martin-Harvey.

Milton Rosmer died in Chesham, Buckinghamshire in 1971.
Messiah (EP)
Messiah is the fifth EP by English industrial metal band Godflesh. The EP was originally recorded and mixed during 1994, and was released independently to members of the band's fan club on 5 December 2000 along with four remixes, which were created in 1995. After Justin Broadrick disbanded Godflesh, he reissued the material through Relapse Records on 1 April 2003.

Fan club
A fan club is an organized group of fans, generally of a celebrity. Most fan clubs are run by fans who devote considerable time and resources to support them. There are also "official" fan clubs that are run by someone associated with the person or organization the club is centered on. This is the case for many musicians, sports teams, etc.

People in a fan club usually have either a T-shirt or a pin to indicate which fan club they are a part of. All fan clubs have unique paraphernalia that are given or sold to fans to use as an indication. Barbz, who support Nicki Minaj, Hollanders, who support Tom Holland, Carats, who support Seventeen, and Swifties who support Taylor Swift are examples of a fan club.
Gila River Golf Classic
The Gila River Golf Classic was a golf tournament on the Nationwide Tour from 2001 to 2005. It was played at the Wild Horse Pass Resort's Whirlwind Golf Club on the Gila River Indian Community near Chandler, Arizona. The first two years it was played on the Devil's Claw course then shifted to the Cattail course for the final three years.

The purse in 2005 was US$450,000, with $81,000 going to the winner.

Chandler, Arizona
Chandler is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, and a suburb in the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the fourth-most populous city in Arizona, after Phoenix, Tucson, and Mesa. Chandler is considered to be a part of the East Valley.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Chandler was 275,987, up from 236,123 at the 2010 census. Chandler is a commercial and tech hub for corporations like Intel, Northrop Grumman, Wells Fargo, PayPal and Boeing.
Gaviella
Gaviella is an alleged North American Paleogene gaviiform which the holotype (and only known specimen) consists of the proximal end of a left carpometacarpus from Wyoming, United States. However, Shufeldt mentioned the location and the age of the fossil was not recorded by J.B. Hatcher and his team who collected it. Shufeldt originally classified this taxon as a species of the living genus Gavia being half the size of the common loon (Gavia immer) due to some similarity of the carpometacarpus of the aforementioned extant species. In 1940 Wetmore argued the specimen is distinctive enough to, not only belong to its own genus which named Gaviella, but also felt they belong to their own subfamily Gaviellinae. This lead him to believe the specimen originated from the White River Formation.

Alexander Wetmore
Frank Alexander Wetmore (June 18, 1886 – December 7, 1978) was an American ornithologist and avian paleontologist.  He was the sixth Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He was also an elected member of both the American Philosophical Society and the United States National Academy of Sciences.
Bagdad mine
The Bagdad Mine is a large copper mine located in Arizona, in the southwestern part of the United States. Bagdad represents one of the largest copper reserves in the United States and in the world, having estimated reserves of 873.6 million tonnes of ore grading 0.36% copper. It is located in Yavapai County, Arizona, just west of the company town of Bagdad. It is currently owned by Freeport-McMoRan. Copper is produced from chalcopyrite and molybdenum from molybdenite. Copper oxides include chrysocolla, malachite and azurite. The mine's concentrator has a capacity of 75,000 metric tons per day using stockpile leaching, with pressure leaching for molybdenum.

Copper was first mined at the site in 1882. The town of Bagdad, Arizona was built as a company town to house mine workers.

Copper production at Bagdad was 177 million pounds in 2016 and 173 million pounds in 2017, when nearly 900 people were employed there.

Azurite
Azurite or Azure spar: 14  is a soft, deep-blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. During the early 19th century, it was also known as chessylite, after the type locality at Chessy near Lyon, France. The mineral, a basic carbonate with the chemical formula Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, has been known since ancient times, and was mentioned in Pliny the Elder's Natural History under the Greek name kuanos (κυανός: "deep blue," root of English cyan) and the Latin name caeruleum. Copper (Cu2+) gives it its deep blue color.
Langmusi
Langmusi Town (Chinese: 郎木寺镇; pinyin: Lángmùsìzhèn; Tibetan: སྟག་ཚང་ལྷ་མོ་, ZYPY: Taktsang Lhamo) is a small alpine town on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, nestled in a valley shared between Gansu and Sichuan provinces in China and straddled by two large monastery complexes.  Administratively, the town is part of Luqu County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu, although a small portion of the town in the south is actually located in Zoigê County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan.  The town is commonly visited by tourists making the overland trip between Sichuan and Gansu.  Inhabitants of the town are primarily Tibetan.

Tibetan pinyin
The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Standard Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin or ZWPY (Chinese: 藏文拼音; pinyin: Zàngwén Pīnyīn), is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. It is based on the pronunciation used by China National Radio's Tibetan Radio, which is based on the Lhasa dialect. It has been used within China and international cartographic products as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script since 1982.

Tibetan pinyin is a phonetic transcription, and as such its spelling is tied to actual pronunciation (although tone is not marked). Wylie on the other hand is a transliteration system, where mechanical conversion to and from Tibetan and Latin script is possible. Within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with a v replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.