hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radioplayer
Radioplayer is a radio technology platform, owned by UK radio broadcasters and operated under licence in some other countries. It operates an internet radio web tuner, a set of mobile phone apps, an in-car adaptor, and a growing range of integrations with other connected devices and platforms.

Radioplayer is operated by UK Radioplayer Ltd which is a not-for-profit organisation owned by UK radio broadcasters. Initial shareholders were the BBC, Global Radio, GMG Radio, Absolute Radio and RadioCentre. After consolidation in the radio market, current shareholders are the BBC, Global Radio, Bauer Media Group and RadioCentre.

Bauer Media Group
Heinrich Bauer Publishing (German: Heinrich Bauer Verlag KG), trading as Bauer Media Group, is a German multimedia conglomerate headquartered in Hamburg. It operates worldwide and owns more than 600 magazines, over 400 digital products and 50 radio and TV stations, as well as print shops, postal, distribution and marketing services. It also operates out-of-home advertising across Europe, following its takeover of Clear Channel Europe in April 2025. Bauer has a workforce of approximately 11,000 in 17 countries.

Bauer Verlagsgruppe has been managed by five generations of the Bauer family. In November 2010, Heinz Heinrich's daughter Yvonne Bauer became CEO and 85% owner of the Bauer Media Group after joining the family business in 2005.

In February 2021, Bauer Media Group announced it was to acquire Ireland's Communicorp Group, subject to regulatory approval. The acquisition was completed on 1 June 2021.
Louise Archer (sociologist)
Louise Archer Ker OBE FBA FAcSS (born 1973, and known professionally as Louise Archer) is Karl Mannheim Professor of Sociology of Education at the University College London Institute of Education.

In October 2017 she was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, and a Fellow of the British Academy in 2023.

Archer had a founding role in the development of the Athena SWAN Charter, an equality charter mark framework and accreditation scheme for higher education and research institutions in the UK, established in 2005.

She is the daughter of the engineer Professor John Archer, former Vice-Chancellor and Principal of Heriot-Watt University from 1997 to 2006.

UCL Institute of Education
The UCL Institute of Education (IOE) is the faculty of education and society of University College London (UCL). It specialises in postgraduate study and research in the field of education and is one of UCL's 11 constituent faculties. Prior to merging with UCL in 2014, it was a constituent college of the University of London. The IOE is ranked first in the world for education in the QS World University Rankings, and has been so every year since 2014.

The IOE is the largest education research body in the United Kingdom, with over 700 research students in the doctoral school. It also has the largest portfolio of postgraduate programmes in education in the UK, with approximately 4,000 students taking Master's programmes, and a further 1,200 students on PGCE teacher-training courses. At any one time the IOE hosts over 100 research projects funded by Research Councils, government departments and other agencies.
Niourk
Niourk (published 1957) is a science fiction novel by the French writer Stefan Wul. It first appeared as one of the Fleuve Noir Anticipation collection published in France since 1951 which reflected the authors' attitudes towards the supposed post war rise of a "technocracy" in the country.

Fleuve Noir Anticipation
Fleuve Noir Anticipation was a science fiction collection by Fleuve Noir, a French publishing company owned now by Editis, which encompassed 2001 novels published from 1951 to 1997. Intended for a broad audience, Anticipation was originally conceived to publish books addressing the rumored increase of technocracy in the French Fourth Republic; but later emphasized space opera and topics of popular interest.

The books exerted great influence on French science fiction and started the career of several noted French writers including Stefan Wul, Kurt Steiner, Louis Thirion, Doris and Jean-Louis Le May, Richard Bessière, Jimmy Guieu and B. R. Bruss.
Paracotalpa
Paracotalpa is a genus of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. Their known range is west of the Rocky Mountains, from southern Washington state to California and Arizona. They are nicknamed "little bears" because the adults of the genus have a fuzzy or hairy appearance.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
António Livramento
António José Parreira do Livramento ComIH (28 February 1943 – 7 June 1999) was a Portuguese roller hockey player and coach. A forward, he is revered as one of the sport's greatest players, and by some as the greatest ever.

Portuguese Roller Hockey First Division
The Portuguese Roller Hockey First Division (Portuguese: Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão de Hóquei em Patins or simply 1ª Divisão; literally: Roller Hockey First Division National Championship) is the premier roller hockey league in Portugal. It was established in 1939 and Sporting CP were crowned as the first champions. Porto are the current champions and also the record winners, with 26 titles. The league is contested by 14 teams, with the top four teams qualifying for the following season's WSE Champions League and the fifth to eighth placed teams qualifying for the WSE Cup. The bottom three teams are relegated to the second-tier Portuguese Roller Hockey Second Division.
Harold Kottman
Harold William Kottman (August 22, 1922 – November 30, 2004) was an American professional basketball player and coach.

A 6'8" center from Culver-Stockton College, Kottman played one season (1946–47) in the Basketball Association of America as a member of the Boston Celtics. He averaged 3.1 points in 53 games.

After his retirement from playing in 1948, Kottman returned to his home state of Missouri and coached the basketball team at Glasgow High School. He worked as a teacher in Centralia and Center, and became the superintendent of schools in Hale.

Centralia, Missouri
Centralia is a city in Boone County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,541 at the 2020 census, with an estimated population of 4,244 in 2018. A very small portion of the city lies in Audrain County.

The Boone County portion of Centralia (which forms the majority of the city) is part of the Columbia Metropolitan Statistical Area, while a small part in Audrain County is part of the Mexico Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Hohenthal
The Hohenthal family is a noted German noble family hailing from Könnern, Saxony-Anhalt. There were two lines of the family, an elder and a younger one. Members of the elder line family held the title of Imperial Count, awarded to them on 7 August 1790 by Frederick Augustus I of Saxony, as the Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire. They went extinct in 1860, while the younger, baronial branch survived until today. Hohenthal is also a German surname, meaning high valley.

Könnern
Könnern (German pronunciation: [ˈkœnɐn] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the river Saale, approx. 15 km south of Bernburg, and 25 km northwest of Halle (Saale).
Sikhism in Fiji
Unlike the majority of Fiji's Indian population, who are descendants of Indian indentured labourers brought to Fiji between 1879 and 1916, most of the Sikhs came to Fiji as free immigrants. Most Sikhs established themselves as farmers. Sikhs also came to Fiji as policemen, teachers and preachers. In recent years large numbers of Sikhs have emigrated from Fiji, especially to the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Sikhs in Fiji are generally referred to as Punjabis. Total population of sikhs in Fiji is around 3600. Discourse on the experiences and histories of Fijian Sikhs tends to subsume them under discourse framed in terms of other South Asian groups.: 151

Indenture
An indenture is a legal contract that reflects an agreement between two parties. Although the term is most familiarly used to refer to a labor contract between an employer and a laborer with an indentured servant status, historically indentures were used for a variety of contracts, including transfers and rents of land and even peace agreements between rulers.
Stay Down Here Where You Belong
"Stay Down Here Where You Belong" is a pacifist novelty song written by Irving Berlin in 1914, presumably in opposition to the Great War. The lyrics describe a conversation between the devil and his son, the devil exhorting him to "stay down here where you belong" because people on Earth do not know right from wrong.

Victor Records paired Burr's recording of the song with his rendition of "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier".

Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer, incorporated in 1901. Victor was an independent enterprise until 1929 when it merged with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and became the  RCA Victor Division of the Radio Corporation of America.

Established in Camden, New Jersey, Victor was the largest and most prestigious firm of its kind in the world, best known for its use of the iconic "His Master's Voice" trademark, the design,  production and marketing of the popular "Victrola" line of phonographs and the company's extensive catalog of operatic and classical music recordings by world famous artists on the prestigious Red Seal label. After Victor merged with RCA in 1929, the company maintained its eminence as America's foremost producer of records and phonographs until the 1960s.
Otto Bayer
Otto Bayer (4 November 1902 – 1 August 1982) was a German industrial chemist at IG Farben who was head of the research group that in 1937 discovered the polyaddition for the synthesis of polyurethanes out of poly-isocyanate and polyol.

Bayer was not related to the founding family of Bayer Corp. Today polyurethanes are ubiquitous throughout modern life. He was a member of the board of directors and of the supervisory board of Bayer, and was also vice chairman of the supervisory board of Cassella in the 1950s.

Bayer was the 1975 recipient of the Charles Goodyear Medal. He was the 1974 recipient of the Carl-Dietrich-Harries-Medal for commendable scientific achievements.

Isocyanate
In organic chemistry, isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates.  An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. Diisocyanates are manufactured for the production of polyurethanes, a class of polymers.

Isocyanates should not be confused with cyanate esters and isocyanides, very different families of compounds.  The cyanate (cyanate ester) functional group (R−O−C≡N) is arranged differently from the isocyanate group (R−N=C=O). Isocyanides have the connectivity R−N≡C, lacking the oxygen of the cyanate groups.
Pyramids of Meroë
The Pyramids of Meroë are a large number of Nubian pyramids, encompassing three cemeteries near the ancient city of Meroë. The Meroë pyramids date to the later stage of the Kingdom of Kush (3rd century BCE–4th century CE) and were burial places for Kushite monarchs, other members of the royal family, and important officials and dignitaries.

The three cemeteries collectively encompass over a thousand graves, out of which at least 147 were pyramids. The majority of the pyramids (at least 82) are from the southern cemetery and were not burials of royals.

On 8 September 2020, the pyramids were threatened for the first time by floods.

Amanikhatashan
Amanikhatashan was a queen regnant of the Kingdom of Kush, probably ruling in the middle 2nd century CE. Amanikhatashan is known only from her tomb in Meroë, designated as Beg. N 18.

The objects found in Amanikhatashan's tomb place her as reigning at some point in the first or second centuries CE. The artwork in the tomb is stylistically close to the artwork in the tomb Beg. N 16, which suggests that Amanikhatashan reigned close to the ruler buried in that tomb. Beg. N 16 may have belonged to King Amanikhareqerem and dates to the end of the 1st century CE. Assuming a mid-2nd century CE reign, Amanikhatashan is conventionally (speculatively) placed as the successor of Amanitenmemide and the predecessor of Tarekeniwal.
2001 NIRSA National Soccer Championship
The 2001 NIRSA national soccer championship was the 8th NIRSA National Soccer Championships, the annual national championships for United States-based, collegiate club soccer teams organized by NIRSA. It took place at The University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama from Thursday, November 15 to Saturday, November 17, 2001.

National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association
The National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) is an organization which regulates various sports through the collegiate systems across the United States and Canada. NIRSA serves students who play at the university varsity or club level in athletic sports, but do not participate in the NCAA, NAIA, USports or other sports affiliates.

In addition to providing resources for Campus Recreation Programs through conferences, workshops and symposiums, NIRSA is the host of the National Championship Series events, which offers regional and national extramural tournaments in the sports of flag football, basketball, soccer and tennis.
Victor Vorobyov
Victor Vorobyov (Russian: Ви́ктор Ви́кторович Воробьёв; born 19 June 1989) is a Russian lawyer, politician, and human rights defender, who is the head of parliamentary opposition at the Komi Republic State Council since 2021. He was born in Syktyvkar, Komi Republic.

In 2022, after Vorobyov's public statement against the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian Ministry of Justice has included him on the "foreign agents" list. Thus Vorobyov became the first MP to be included on that list.

Ministry of Justice (Russia)
The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министе́рство юсти́ции Росси́йской Федера́ции, Миню́ст Росси́и) is a ministry of the Government of Russia responsible for the legal system and penal system.

The Ministry of Justice is the federal authority for operating Russia's courts and correctional services with enforcement by two subordinate executive federal agencies: the Federal Bailiffs Service (FSSP) and the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN). The Ministry of Justice is headquartered at Zhitnaya Street 14 in Yakimanka District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

The Ministry of Justice was founded in 1991 by renaming of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian SFSR following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but claims succession from the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire founded in 1802.

Konstantin Chuychenko has been the Minister of Justice since 21 January 2020.
M. Mokammel Haq
Mohammad Mokammel Haq is a retired secretary and former chairperson of the Underprivileged Children's Educational Programme. He is the former chairman of the Board of Investment with the rank and status of a government minister. He is the chairperson of Kabi Mozammel Haque Foundation. He is an independent director of Mutual Trust Bank Limited.

Haq is a former director general of the Export Promotion Bureau.

Underprivileged Children's Educational Programme
Underprivileged Children's Educational Programme (Bengali: আন্ডারপ্রিভিলেজড চিলড্রেনস এডুকেশনাল প্রোগ্রাম) is a Bangladeshi non-profit organization based in Dhaka that works with children. It provides vocational training in Bangladesh. Parveen Mahmud, chairman of MIDAS Financing Limited, is the chairman of Underprivileged Children's Educational Programme.
Puerto Rico Highway 103
Puerto Rico Highway 103 (PR-103) is a rural road that extends from PR-114 near Hormigueros to PR-101 in Cabo Rojo. Previously ran through downtown Hormigueros, from PR-2 and PR-309 intersection between Guanajibo and Hormigueros barrios to PR-2 and PR-319 junction in downtown area.

Hormigueros, Hormigueros, Puerto Rico
Hormigueros is a barrio in the municipality of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2020 was 3,998.  There is also a barrio called Hormigueros barrio-pueblo, with the administrative center and seat of this municipality.
Eddie Logan
Eddie Logan (May 2, 1910 – January 31, 2009) was a well-known personality at the Santa Anita Park racetrack, where he had been a shoeshine attendant since its opening day on December 25, 1934.  He claimed to have been a Negro league baseball player for the Homestead Grays and the Kansas City Monarchs, though no evidence has yet been found to substantiate the claim.

Logan died early on the morning of January 31, 2009 at his home in Monrovia, California, aged 98, having suffered a stroke on January 3.

Santa Anita honored him with the Eddie Logan Stakes that ran first in 2006.

Homestead Grays
The Homestead Grays (also known as Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays) were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.

The team was formed in 1912 by Cumberland Posey, and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in Homestead, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the Monongahela River to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the Pittsburgh Pirates' home Forbes Field and the Pittsburgh Crawfords' home Greenlee Field.

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands. As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.
Patrol (board game)
Patrol, subtitled "Man to Man Combat in the 20th Century", is a skirmish-level board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1974 as a sequel to Sniper!, which had been released the previous year. Whereas Sniper! was set in urban environments during the Second World War, Patrol is set in a non-urban environment, in various conflicts ranging from 1914 to 1970.

The Wargamer (magazine)
The Wargamer was a magazine devoted to the hobby of board wargaming. Originally published as a British bimonthly magazine by UK Wargamers in 1977, it was subsequently published by World Wide Wargames, which then moved to the United States. The magazine ceased publication in 1990.
Bakwa-Kalonji
Bakwa-Kalonji is a town with an estimated population of 58,092 located in Kasai province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is located 19 kilometers (12 mi)  east of Ilebo on the RN20 road to Mweka.  The elevation of the town is estimated to be 462 meters above sea level.

Kasaï Province
Kasaï is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning.  Kasaï and Kasaï-Central provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Kasaï-Occidental province.  Kasaï was formed from the Kasaï district and the independently administered city of Tshikapa which became the capital of the new province.

There are 5 administrative territories within the province, which include:

Dekese

Ilebo

Kamonia (Tshikapa)

Luebo

Mweka
2 Mics & the Truth
2 Mics & the Truth is the fifth live album by American rock band Violent Femmes. The album was released on July 7, 2017, by Add It Up Productions and PIAS Recordings. It was recorded at various radio stations and Paste Magazine. It was released on CD, 2-LP and digital download/streaming with differing track listings on each format.

PIAS Recordings
PIAS Recordings (also known as Play It Again Sam) is a British-Belgian record label founded in 1982 by Kenny Gates and Michel Lambot, In September 2024, the company was acquired by Universal Music Group. Play It Again Sam expanded along with other European independent labels in the early 1980s. Play It Again Sam's prominent early artists were electronic-rock acts like Front 242, Meat Beat Manifesto and The Young Gods. They later added artists such as The Sound, Soulwax/2ManyDJ's, Sigur Rós and Mogwai.
HMS Medway (1928)
HMS Medway (Pennant F25) was the first purpose-built submarine depot ship constructed for the Royal Navy. She was built by Vickers-Armstrongs at Barrow-in-Furness during the late 1920s. The ship served on the China Station before the Second World War and was transferred to Egypt in early 1940. Ordered to evacuate Alexandria in the face of the German advance after the Battle of Gazala in May 1942, Medway sailed for Lebanon at the end of June, escorted by a light cruiser and seven destroyers. Her strong escort could not protect her; on 30 June a German submarine torpedoed and sank her.

Vickers-Armstrongs
Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in 1927. The majority of the company was nationalised in the 1960s and 1970s, with the remainder being divested as Vickers plc in 1977.

It featured among Britain's most prominent armaments firms.
Rasm al-Ward
Rasm al-Ward (Arabic: رسم الورد)  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rasm Elward had a population of 483 in the 2004 census.

Hama District
Hama District (Arabic: منطقة حماة Ḥamā) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the time of the 2023 Census, it had a population of 1,054,000 Its administrative centre is the city of Hama. It is now controlled by the Syrian transitional government
Thomas Mormann
Thomas Mormann (born 1951) is Professor of Philosophy at the University of the Basque Country in Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.  He obtained his PhD in Mathematics from the University of Dortmund (1978).  He obtained his Habilitation from the University of Munich.  He works in the philosophy of science, formal ontology, structuralism, Carnap studies, and neo-Kantianism.

Formal ontology
In philosophy, the term formal ontology is used to refer to an ontology defined by axioms in a formal language with the goal to provide an unbiased (domain- and application-independent) view on reality, which can help the modeler of domain- or application-specific ontologies to avoid possibly erroneous ontological assumptions encountered in modeling large-scale ontologies.

By maintaining an independent view on reality, a formal (upper level) ontology gains the following properties:

indefinite expandability:
the ontology remains consistent with increasing content.

content and context independence:
any kind of 'concept' can find its place.

accommodate different levels of granularity.