hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polenske value
The Polenske value (also known as the Polenske number) is a value determined when examining fat. It is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from fat through saponification. It is equal to the number of milliliters of 0.1 normal alkali solution necessary for the neutralization of the water-insoluble volatile fatty acids distilled and filtered from 5 grams of a given saponified fat. (The hydroxide solution used in such a titration is typically made from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide.)
It is measure of the steam volatile and water insoluble fatty acids, chiefly caprylic, capric and lauric acids, present in oil and fat. The value is named for the chemist who developed it, Eduard Polenske.

The Reichert value and Kirschner value are related numbers based on similar tests.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
Addy Engels
Addy Engels (born 16 June 1977 in Emmen, Drenthe) is a former Dutch professional road bicycle racer, who competed between 2000 and 2011. After retiring, Engels joined the Team Picnic PostNL team as a sports director. At the end of 2015 it was announced that he would make the switch to LottoNL–Jumbo.

Team Picnic–PostNL (men's team)
Team Picnic–PostNL (UCI team code: TPP) is a Dutch professional cycling team, competing at UCI WorldTeam level. The team is managed by Iwan Spekenbrink. The title sponsors of the team are online supermarket Picnic and the Dutch mail, parcel and e-commerce company PostNL.
Bidfood
BFS Group Limited, trading as Bidfood, is a foodservice wholesaler and distributor based in the United Kingdom.

The BFS Group Limited was a wholly owned subsidiary of Bidvest, an international services, trading and distribution company listed on the JSE Securities Exchange in South Africa. It is now a wholly owned subsidiary of BidCorp, also listed on the JSE. BidCorp, the Bid Corporation Limited, is the holding company of the Bidvest Group Limited.

JSE Limited
The JSE Limited (previously the JSE Securities Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, and commonly referred to as the JSE) is a stock exchange in South Africa, and the largest in Africa by market capitalization. It has been located in Sandton, Gauteng, since it moved from Johannesburg CBD in 2000.

As of January 2026, the JSE had a market capitalization of R24.22 trillion (roughly €1.27 trillion / £1.1 trillion / $1.48 trillion), and a total of 431 listed companies. In the same month, the FTSE/JSE All-Share Index (ALSI) hit 100,000 points - the highest since its foundation.

The JSE accounts for around 60% of Africa's total equity market value, with large, liquid, globally-integrated companies across numerous economic sectors. In terms of market cap, it is larger than the next nine ranking African stock exchanges combined.
Abuthahir Rizan
Abuthahir Rizan (born 24 December 1973) is a Sri Lankan former cricketer. He played in 80 first-class and 57 List A matches between 2000/01 and 2009/10. He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.

Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club (cricket)
The Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club is the governing body for cricket in the Sri Lankan Air Forces. Its representative team, Sri Lanka Air Force cricket team, competes in Sri Lanka's domestic competition, the Premier Trophy.
2016 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger – Doubles
Dean O'Brien and Ruan Roelofse were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Quentin Halys and Stefan Kozlov.

Matt Reid and John-Patrick Smith won the title after defeating Liam Broady and Guilherme Clezar 6–4, 6–2 in the final.

Ruan Roelofse
Ruan Roelofse (born 18 November 1989) is a professional South African tennis player.

Roelofse has a career high ATP singles ranking of 357 achieved on 27 February 2012 and he has a career high ATP Doubles ranking of 122 achieved on 18 April 2016. He has had more success playing doubles, winning 6 ATP Challenger doubles titles. Roelofse has also won 2 ITF singles titles and 39 ITF doubles titles.

Roelofse has represented South Africa at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 12–7.
Zizhuyuan Subdistrict
Zizhuyuan Subdistrict (Chinese: 紫竹院街道; pinyin: Zǐzhúyuàn Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Haidian District, Beijing. It borders Haidian Subdistrict to the north, Beixiaguan Subdistrict to the east, Balizhuang and Ganjiakou Subdistricts to the south, and Shuguang Subdistrict to the west. As of 2020, it had a total population of 129,367.

The subdistrict was formed in 1959 as Landianchang subdistrict, and received its current name in 1978 after the Purple Bamboo Park within the region.

Haidian, Beijing
Haidian (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.

It is 431 km2 (166 sq mi) in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020. According to the latest 2025 census data, the population of Haidian District is 3.122 million.
Gilleasbaig
Gilleasbaig is a masculine given name in the Scottish Gaelic language. The traditional form of the name is Gilleasbuig. Another form of the name is Gille Easbaig. The names mean "servant of the bishop", with the second word (Easbaig) deriving from the Latin episcopus (the final syllable and the second vowel suffering elision, the consonants becoming voiced, and the s being metathesised), which also gave rise to English bishop (the initial e and final us suffering elision, initial p becoming voiced, and c being palatalized in Old English).

An early bearer of the name was the founder of Clan Campbell. An Anglicised form of the name is Gillespie; the name is also Anglicised as Archibald, which is etymologically unrelated, but was carried by the early Campbell Earls of Argyll, often in the form Archibald Gillespie Campbell.

Duke of Argyll
Duke of Argyll (Scottish Gaelic: Diùc Earraghàidheil) is a title created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1701 and in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1892. The earls, marquesses, and dukes of Argyll were for several centuries among the most powerful noble families in Scotland.  As such, they played a major role in Scottish history throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The Duke of Argyll also holds the hereditary titles of chief of Clan Campbell and Master of the Household of Scotland.

Since 2001, Torquhil Campbell has been Duke of Argyll and is the thirteenth man to hold the title.
This Is Just a Modern Rock Song
This Is Just a Modern Rock Song is Belle & Sebastian's fourth EP, released in 1998 on Jeepster Records. The front cover features Alan Horne, founder of Postcard Records. It is the only Belle & Sebastian release never to be issued in North America, although all four tracks from the EP were later collected on the Push Barman to Open Old Wounds compilation. A chart ruling was put into place shortly before the EP was released stating singles or EPs must contain no more than three tracks and last no longer than 20 minutes in total to be eligible for the UK singles sales chart, and thus – with its four tracks and carefully crafted total running time – This Is Just a Modern Rock Song failed to chart.

"Slow Graffiti" was written for the soundtrack of the film The Acid House based on the Irvine Welsh novel of the same name.

Irvine Welsh
Irvine Welsh (born 27 September 1958) is a Scottish novelist, short story writer, screenwriter and filmmaker. His novels and short stories, which almost always take place in his native Scotland, are known for their gritty depictions of working class life and its intricacies; particularly drug addiction, social alienation, lack of opportunity and boredom, amongst others.

He is best known for his 1993 debut novel Trainspotting, which was adapted into a film of the same name; both were highly acclaimed and have become cult classics in their respective mediums. The novel was ranked 7th in a 2016 public poll of the best Scottish novels of all time, while its film adaptation was named the best Scottish film of all time in an equivalent 2004 poll.

In addition to his novels, Welsh has also written plays, screenplays, and directed several short films. As of 2025, his written works have sold 6 million copies worldwide.
John McHugh
John McHugh is the name of:

John M. McHugh (born 1948), former U.S. representative from New York and Secretary of the Army

John McHugh (footballer, born 1909) (1909–1966), Scottish football goalkeeper who played in the 1920s and 1930s for a number of British clubs

John McHugh (footballer, born 1943), Scottish football player from the 1960s and 1970s, former Clyde player

John McHugh (Medal of Honor), American Indian Wars soldier and Medal of Honor recipient, see 5th Infantry Regiment

John McHugh (Ohio politician) (1930–2015), mayor of Toledo, Ohio

John McHugh (Irish politician), MP in the Northern Ireland Parliament for Fermanagh and Tyrone

John McHugh (tenor) (1912–2002), tenor from Wolverhampton, England

John D McHugh (born 1973), Irish photojournalist and filmmaker

John McHugh Sr. (1924–2019), American World War II veteran

John McHugh (footballer, born 1909)
John McHugh (13 August 1909 – 9 October 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. McGregor was playing for Burnbank Athletic before signing for Dundee United in 1928 following Bill Paterson's transfer to Arsenal. He made his United debut in February 1928, sharing goalkeeping duties with Alex Johnstone during the 1927–28 season. He became the second choice keeper for the 1928–29 season and helped the side to promotion, winning the Scottish Second Division championship, although he also spent time on loan at Montrose. During the First Division campaign that followed, McHugh became first choice again and attracted interest from Portsmouth, signing for the club in November 1930 for a fee of £400. McHugh went on to play for Watford and had a loan spell with Southend United during his time at Vicarage Road.
Just Another Day...
"Just Another Day..." is a single released from Queen Latifah's 1993 third studio album Black Reign. The song was written by Queen Latifah and Apache. The CD single version features New Jack Swing remixes by Teddy Riley and Lil' Chris Smith of Blackstreet.

"Just Another Day..." peaked at no. 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 during the week of April 2, 1994, and remained on the chart for 11 weeks.

The song recounts a seemingly average day in Latifah's neighborhood, which she refers to as the "hood". While Latifah's neighborhood may be dangerous, with stray bullets and the presence of police, Latifah is proud of where she is from and asserts that her neighborhood will be ok regardless of the what happens. The first line of the first verse ("well it's a beautiful day in the neighborhood, a beautiful day in the neighborhood") is a play on the children's television show song, "Won't You Be My Neighbor?" from Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.

New jack swing
New jack swing, new jack, or swingbeat is a fusion genre of the rhythms and production techniques of hip hop and dance-pop, and the urban contemporary sound of R&B. Spearheaded by producers Teddy Riley, Bernard Belle, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, and Dallas Austin, new jack swing was most popular from the late 1980s to early 1990s.

New jack swing can be defined as "pop music usually performed by black musicians that combines elements of jazz, funk, rap, and rhythm and blues." New jack swing producers created synthesized tunes and sampled beats, using digital synthesizers (such as the Yamaha DX7 and Roland D50), drum machines (such as the Roland TR-808 and LinnDrum, and frequently the Roland R-8) and samplers (such as the SP-1200 and Akai samplers), to lay an "insistent beat under light melody lines and clearly enunciated vocals." The TR-808 in particular was sampled to create distinctive, syncopated, swung rhythms, with its snare sound being especially prominent.
J. Irwin Miller
Joseph Irwin Miller (May 26, 1909 – August 16, 2004) was an American industrialist, patron of modern architecture, and lay leader in the Christian ecumenical movement and civil rights. He was instrumental in the rise of the Cummins Corporation and in giving his home town (Columbus, Indiana) international stature with its modern architecture buildings.

National Council of Churches
The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA, usually identified as the National Council of Churches (NCC), is the largest ecumenical body in the United States. NCC is an ecumenical partnership of 38 Christian faith groups in the United States. Its member communions include mainline Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, African-American, evangelical, and historic peace churches. Together, it encompasses more than 100,000 local congregations and 40 million adherents. It began as the Federal Council of Churches in 1908, and expanded through merger with several other ecumenical organizations to become the National Council of Churches in 1950. Its Interim President and General Secretary is Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie.
Imam Muda Asyraf
Muhammad Asyraf Mohd Ridzuan (born 12 February 1984) is the first winner of the imam search program among the young generation, namely Imam Muda. Initially, he attended school at SRK Sri Aman Kampung Melayu Penang from 1991 to 1996. Then he went to Maahad al-Mashoor al-Islami in Sungai Batu Teluk Kumbar Penang from 1997 to 1999, namely form 1-form 3. Then he went to Maahad Tahfiz al-Quran wal-Qiraat, Repek, Pasir Mas, Kelantan from 2000 to 2001. And changed course to take SPM at Maahad Tarbiyyah Islamiyyah (MATRI), Beseri, Perlis in 2001–2002. Continued his studies to the Diploma Level of Qiraat at Maahad Tahfiz Penang in 2003–2006. Then a bachelor's degree and then a master's degree in Shariah Specializing in Fiqh and Usul at the University of Malaya. Previously, he served as an Imam at the Petaling Village Mosque Kuala Lumpur.

Pasir Mas (town)
Pasir Mas ( Jawi: ڤاسير مس, Chinese: 巴西馬, Kelantanese: Pasey Mah) is a town in Pasir Mas District, in north-western Kelantan, Malaysia.

Pasir Mas is Kelantan's second largest city by population (230,424 in 2020 census).
Jacksons Creek biik wurrdha Regional Parklands
The Jacksons Creek biik wurrdha Regional Parklands (also known as biik wurrdha Regional Parklands) is a park system and series of nature reserves located in the northern outer area of Melbourne near Sunbury, in Victoria, Australia.

The parklands include over 1000 hectares connecting 26 kilometres of creek line from Sunbury to Diggers Rest and is being created for the protection of cultural values, environmental conservation, and recreation.

Jacksons Creek and its tributaries flow across the traditional lands of the Wurundjeri Woi-wurrung people and is known as ‘biik wurrdha’. meaning ‘land of many’ in Woi-wurrung language.

The Jacksons Creek bilk wurrdha Regional Parklands Plan was released in 2022 that sets out the management of the parklands. 30% of the parklands is currently in public ownership with the remaining 70% expected to be transferred by 2042.

Woiwurrung–Taungurung language
Woiwurrung, Taungurung  and Boonwurrung are Aboriginal languages of the Kulin nation of Central Victoria. Woiwurrung was spoken by the Woiwurrung and related peoples in the Yarra River basin, Taungurung by the Taungurung people north of the Great Dividing Range in the Goulburn River Valley around Mansfield, Benalla and Heathcote, and Boonwurrung by the six clans which comprised the Boonwurrung people along the coast from the Werribee River, across the Mornington Peninsula, Western Port Bay to Wilsons Promontory. They are often portrayed as distinct languages, but they were mutually intelligible. Ngurai-illamwurrung (Ngurraiillam) may have been a clan name, a dialect, or a closely related language.
Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminus
Sarai Kale Khan Interstate Bus Terminus (Sarai Kale Khan ISBT), is one of the three Inter State Bus Terminals in Sarai Kale Khan, Delhi. It operates short and long-haul bus services between Delhi and the neighbouring states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.

As part of the Sarai Kale Khan multi-model transport hub located on the Inner Ring Road, the Sarai Kale Khan ISBT facilitates the transfer between the Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminal, Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station, Sarai Kale Khan Nizamuddin metro station, Sarai Kale Khan RRTS Interchange for the Delhi NCR's regional semi-highspeed rail, and the Sarai Kale Khan HSR interchange on the Delhi–Kolkata high-speed rail corridor and Delhi–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor.

Delhi–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor
Delhi–Ahmedabad High Speed Rail Corridor (Delhi–Ahmedabad HSR) is a proposed high-speed rail line connecting India's capital Delhi with the city of Ahmedabad. When completed, it will be India's second high-speed rail line. It is also said to be an extension of Mumbai–Ahmedabad HSR corridor.

After Lidar surveys were completed in September 2020, the detailed projects report (DPR) was being prepared. On completion of this line, when combined with the Mumbai–Ahmedabad line, two of the most important cities in India will be linked via high-speed rail. This is estimated to cut travel time between the cities from fifteen hours to under five hours.
Spring Valley, Saskatchewan
Spring Valley is a hamlet in Terrell Rural Municipality No. 101 in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located at the end of highway 715, and approximately 62 km south of the city of Moose Jaw.

Spring Valley is located in a landform called the Dirt Hills, which were formed about 10,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. The Dirt Hills, combined with the nearby Cactus Hills, are shaped like an amphitheatre and in the centre of that amphitheatre during the last ice age was a glacial sub-lobe, also known as a glacial tongue, named Spring Valley ice tongue. It was named after the community of Spring Valley.

Moose Jaw
Moose Jaw is the fourth largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lying on the Moose Jaw River in the south-central part of the province, it is situated on the Trans-Canada Highway, 177 km (110 mi) east of Swift Current and 77 km (48 mi) west of Regina. Residents of Moose Jaw are known as Moose Javians. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Moose Jaw No. 161.

Moose Jaw is an industrial centre and a critical railway junction for the area's agricultural produce. CFB Moose Jaw, located a few kilometres south of the city, is a NATO flight training school and is home to the Snowbirds, Canada's military aerobatic air show flight demonstration team. Moose Jaw also has a casino and geothermal spa.
Davey Street Congregational Church
The Davey Street Congregational Church is a former Congregational church located at 47 Davey Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Established in 1857 and closed in 1973, it played a significant role in Hobart's religious and community life.

Davey Street
Davey Street is a major one way street passing through the outskirts of the Hobart central business district in Tasmania, Australia. Davey street is named after Thomas Davey, the first Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The street forms a one-way couplet with nearby Macquarie Street connecting traffic from the Southern Outlet in the south with traffic from the Tasman Highway to the east and the Brooker Highway to the north of the city. With annual average daily traffic of 37,200 in 2007, it is one of the busier streets in Hobart.

Davey Street is featured as a property in the Australian version of Monopoly.
Pristimantis gaigei
Pristimantis gaigei, also known as the Fort Randolph robber frog or Gaige's rain frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in the Atlantic drainage lowlands from extreme south-eastern Costa Rica to eastern Panama and to central Colombia; it is widely distributed in Colombia west of the Cordillera Oriental. Its natural habitat is primary humid lowland forest, but it also occurs in secondary forest. It is a nocturnal species found under surface debris and in leaf-litter.

Pristimantis gaigei is named after Helen Beulah Thompson Gaige, an American herpetologist.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Glenfine
Glenfine is an historic homestead located at 150 Glenfine Road, Werneth, 41.7km south-west of Ballarat, in the Golden Plains Shire, Victoria, Australia. Adjacent to the gothic-style homestead are the remains of the Glenfine South gold mine, and the site of the former mining township of Hollybush. Constructed in 1873 for pastoralist William Thomas Rowe and designed by architect H. R. Caselli, the homestead is a substantial two-storey rendered bluestone residence featuring a slate roof, cast-iron verandahs, and a glazed conservatory. The precinct is historically significant for its association with Victorian pastoral development, gold mining in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the creation of a private township to accommodate mine workers.

Homestead (building)
A homestead is an isolated dwelling, especially a farmhouse, and adjacent outbuildings, typically on a large agricultural holding such as a ranch or station.

In North America the word "homestead" historically referred to land claimed by a settler or squatter under the Homestead Acts (United States) or the Dominion Lands Act (Canada). In Old English, the term was used to mean a human settlement, and in Southern Africa the term is used for a cluster of several houses normally occupied by a single extended family.

In Australia, it refers to the owner's house and the associated outbuildings of a pastoral property, known as a station. Some large and historic homesteads, especially those that resemble a mansion with large tracts of farmland, are often called "estates", and can be analogous to the English country house, châteaux, or a schloss, but are much younger and modest compared to their European counterparts. Examples include Booloominbah and Iandra Castle.