hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hector C. Macpherson
Hector Carsewell Macpherson FRSE (16 October 1851 – 17 October 1924) was a prolific Scottish writer and journalist who published books, pamphlets and articles on history, biography, politics, religion, and other subjects.

Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier
Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier was a Scottish publishing company based in the national capital Edinburgh.

It produced many hundreds of books mainly on religious and biographical themes, especially during its heyday from about 1880 to 1910.  It is probably best remembered for its memorable ‘Famous Scots Series’ with their distinctive red and gilt covers. Forty-two of them were published from 1896 to 1905 and many have been reprinted recently by other publishers. The firm also published the works of Annie S. Swan, a very popular writer in her time. It existed in some form from 1807 to 1968. It was incorporated as ‘Oliphants Ltd’ in 1915 and taken over by the publishers, Marshall, Morgan & Scott in 1946. Oliphants Ltd was voluntarily liquidated without debt in 1968.
Jason X.-J. Yuan
Jason X.-J. Yuan (born 1963) is an American physician scientist whose research interests center on pulmonary vascular pathobiology and pulmonary hypertension. His current research is primarily focused on the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary vascular diseases and right heart failure.

American Thoracic Society
The American Thoracic Society (ATS) is a nonprofit organization focused on improving care for pulmonary diseases, critical illnesses and sleep-related breathing disorders. It was established in 1905 as the

American Sanatorium Association, and changed its name in 1938 to the American Trudeau Society. In 1960, it changed its name again to the American Thoracic Society.  Originally the medical section of the American Lung Association, the Society became independently incorporated in 2000 as a 501 (c) (3) organization.
Biocytin
Biocytin is a chemical compound that is an amide formed from the vitamin biotin and the amino acid L-lysine.  As an intermediate in the metabolism of biotin, biocytin occurs naturally in blood serum and urine.

The enzyme biotinidase cleaves biocytin and makes biotin available to be reused by other enzymes.  Because biocytin is the natural substrate of the enzyme biotinidase, biocytin can be used to measure the biotinidase activity and therefore diagnose biotinidase deficiency.

Biocytin is also used in scientific research as a histological stain for nerve cells.

Biotinidase deficiency
Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which biotin is not released from proteins in the diet during digestion or from normal protein turnover in the cell. This situation results in biotin deficiency.

Biotin is an important water-soluble nutrient that aids in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.  Biotin deficiency can result in behavioral disorders, lack of coordination, learning disabilities, and seizures. Biotin supplementation can alleviate and sometimes totally stop such symptoms.
MicroPatent
MicroPatent was a subsidiary of the Thomson Corporation (now Thomson Reuters). It was a commercial source for online patent and trademark information. The service offered a searchable collection of full text patent data, including patent documents from France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Patent Office and the World Intellectual Property Organization.

In 2004, hacker Myron Tereshchuk attempted to extort $17 million from MicroPatent by threatening to release confidential information and launch a DDOS attack. Tereschuk was arrested by the FBI in a raid which uncovered "components for hand grenades, the formula and items necessary for making Ricin, and literature about poisons" in his possession.

Thomson Reuters
Thomson Reuters Corporation (/ˈrɔɪtərz/ ⓘ ROY-tərz) is a Canadian multinational content-driven technology conglomerate. The company was founded in Toronto, Ontario, and maintains its headquarters in the city at 19 Duncan Street.

Thomson Reuters was created by the Thomson Corporation's purchase of the British company Reuters Group on 17 April 2008. It is majority-owned by the Woodbridge Company, a holding company for the Thomson family of Canada.
Isa Kaita
Isa Kaita C.O.N., C.B.E., LL.D (ABU), LL.D (BUK), DPA (Oxon) (January 1912 – November 1994) was a Nigerian politician. He went on to hold the chieftaincy titles of the Madawaki of Katsina and later, the Waziri of Katsina. Prior to joining politics, he was a distinguished broadcaster at the BBC.

In the 1950s and 1960s, he was a regional Minister for Works and Education in the Northern Region of Nigeria.

Northern Region, Nigeria
Northern Nigeria (or Arewancin Nijeriya) was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962, it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, which voted to become a province within Northern Nigeria.

In 1967, Northern Nigeria was divided into the North-Eastern State, North-Western State, Kano State, Kaduna State, Kwara State, and the Benue-Plateau State, each with its own Governor.
Cass Sculpture Foundation
The Cass Sculpture Foundation was a charitable commissioning body based in Goodwood, Sussex, England. The Foundation's 26-acre grounds were home to an ever-changing display of 80 monumental sculptures, all of which were available for sale with the proceeds going directly to artists. The Foundation was a self-sufficient body reliant on sales of commissioned sculptures and visitor entrance fees.

After a review in 2020, the Foundation's Trustees decided to wind up the foundation and the park was closed. The Foundation's archive of drawings and maquettes was acquired by the Pallant House Gallery in Chichester.

Elisabeth Frink
Dame Elisabeth Jean Frink CH DBE RA (14 November 1930 – 18 April 1993) was an English sculptor and printmaker. Her Times obituary noted the three essential themes in her work as "the nature of Man; the 'horseness' of horses; and the divine in human form".
Marijn de Vries
Marijn de Vries (born 19 November 1978) is a Dutch journalist and former racing cyclist. De Vries took up bicycle racing in 2008 whilst working as a reporter for the Dutch TV programme Holland Sport. She subsequently attempted to turn professional as part of a radio documentary she made, leading to her joining Leontien van Moorsel's Leontien.nl team in 2010. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's team time trial in Florence.

On 30 August 2015, de Vries announced her retirement from professional cycling.

AA Drink–leontien.nl
AA Drink–leontien.nl was a cycling team based in the Netherlands. The title sponsors were AA Drink ('after activity drink'), a Dutch sports drinks brand owned by United Soft Drinks, and leontien.nl, a women's health and fitness website associated with former champion cyclist Leontien van Moorsel, whose husband Michael Zijlaard was the team manager.

In August 2012, Zijlaard informed the riders and staff that the team would disband at the end of the 2012 racing season, as AA Drink were not extending their sponsorship beyond 2012 and he and van Moorsel had decided not to seek a new sponsor.
Bushfield
Bushfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harlan J. Bushfield (1882–1948), American politician

Rory Bushfield (born 1983), Canadian professional skier, filmmaker, and reality show star

Vera C. Bushfield (1889–1976), American politician

Vera C. Bushfield
Vera Sarah Bushfield (née Cahalan; August 9, 1889 – April 16, 1976) was an American politician served as a U.S. senator from South Dakota in 1948, as well as the First Lady of South Dakota from 1939 to 1943. Bushfield's appointment also marked the first time one state had been represented by two female senators; Gladys Pyle served for two months in late 1938 and early 1939.
Ghapama
Ghapama (Armenian: ղափամա) is an Armenian stuffed pumpkin dish, usually served as a dessert. It is prepared by removing the inside of the pumpkin (known as դդում in Armenian, pronounced dt'um in Eastern Armenian and t't'um in Western Armenian) and stuffing it with cooked rice, butter, honey, dried fruits, nuts, and meat, to be baked. Dried fruits used in the dish include figs, apricots, prunes, and raisins, while the nuts include walnuts and almonds.

Historically, crops such as pumpkins, potatoes, peppers, and tomatoes, were brought to Armenia in the 19th century from the "New World". The crops were mixed with traditional Armenian dishes and were then "naturalized" to Armenian cuisine according to writers Irina Petrosian and David Underwood. Other than ghapama, other Armenian dishes that used the crops in include ajapsandali and tomato lavash.

Walnut
A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus Juglans (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, Juglans regia. They are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an involucre and thus not morphologically part of the carpel; this means it cannot be a drupe but is instead a drupe-like nut.

After full ripening, the shell is discarded, and the kernel is eaten. Nuts of the eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra) and butternuts (Juglans cinerea) are less commonly consumed.
Oreophrynella weiassipuensis
Oreophrynella weiassipuensis is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is only known from Wei-Assipu-tepui, a tepui on the border between Brazil and Guyana. The holotype was collected in 2000 by a speleological expedition to Wei-Assipu-tepui. No other specimens are known. It is possible that it is present in other localities, but most species of Oreophrynella are endemic to a single mountain.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Eiroforum
EIROforum (European Intergovernmental Research Organisation forum) is an organization made up of eight European intergovernmental scientific research organizations. The organization aims to identify mutual activities amongst its members to share resources in various fields. EIROforum is overseen through a biannual meeting between the organizations' corresponding Director Generals.

The eight EIROforum members are:

CERN – European Organization for Nuclear Research

EUROfusion

EMBL – European Molecular Biology Laboratory

ESA – European Space Agency

ESO – European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere

ESRF – European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

European XFEL – European XFEL Free-Electron Laser Facility

ILL – Institute Laue-Langevin

EUROfusion
EUROfusion is a consortium of national fusion research institutes located in the European Union, the UK, Switzerland and Ukraine. It was established in 2014 to succeed the European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA) as the umbrella organisation of Europe's fusion research laboratories. The consortium is currently funded by the Euratom Horizon 2020 programme.
Danielle Kettlewell
Danielle Merlyn Reedy (née Kettlewell) (born 17 November 1992) is an Australian synchronised swimmer. She competed in the team event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

She was training for the 2019 FINA World Aquatic Championships of which both her male counterpart, Ethan Calleja and herself have been selected as Australia's first Mixed Duet in the sport of Artistic swimming, formally known as Synchronised Swimming.

Kettlewell and her duet partner Calleja, became National champions in their mixed duet event, showcasing a free duet in Sydney at the 2019 Hancock Prospecting Artistic Swimming Australian National Championships. They also have recently competed at the 2019 FINA World Series - China Open in May, which was held at the Yung Ting Natatorium (Beijing). Kettlewell and Calleja placed 5th in the Free Mixed Duet event, securing the position of the first two Australians to compete in this event internationally.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.
Tealliocaris
Tealliocaris is an extinct genus of pygocephalomorphans that lived from the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous periods in Europe and North America. The genus was established in 1908 by Ben Peach, and many species have been assigned to it since, though some are now invalid or have been reassigned to other genera. Although it can be inferred that T. loudonensis was originally intended as the type species of Tealliocaris, this species is now deemed a junior synonym of T. woodwardi, first described as a species of Anthrapalaemon in 1877, and thus T. woodwardi is currently deemed the type species of the genus.

Serpukhovian
The Serpukhovian is in the ICS geologic timescale the uppermost stage or youngest age of the Mississippian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Serpukhovian age lasted from 330.3 Ma to 323.4 Ma. It is preceded by the Visean and is followed by the Bashkirian. The Serpukhovian correlates with the lower part of the Namurian Stage of European stratigraphy and the middle and upper parts of the Chesterian Stage of North American stratigraphy.
Taylor Wilson
Taylor Wilson (born May 7, 1994) is an American nuclear physicist and science advocate. Wilson achieved controlled nuclear fusion in 2008 when he was 14 years old. He has designed a compact radiation detector to enhance airport security. Wilson works to expand applications for nuclear medicine, and to design and develop modular power reactor technology.

Nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine (nuclear radiology) is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nuclear imaging is, in a sense, radiology done inside out, because it records radiation emitted from within the body rather than radiation that is transmitted through the body from external sources like X-ray generators. In addition, nuclear medicine scans differ from radiology, as the emphasis is not on imaging anatomy, but on the function. For this reason, it is called a physiological imaging modality. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans are the two most common imaging modalities in nuclear medicine.
Mint condition
Mint condition is an expression used to denote the quality of a pre-owned good as displaying virtually no imperfections and being in pristine condition relative to its original production state. Originally, the phrase related to the way collectors described the condition of coins. As the name given to a coin factory is a "mint", then mint condition is the condition a coin is in when it leaves the mint.

Coin grading
Coin grading is the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, one of the key factors in determining its collectible value. A coin's grade is generally determined by six criteria: strike, preservation, luster, color, attractiveness, and occasionally the country/state in which it was minted. Several grading systems have been developed. Certification services professionally grade coins for tiered fees. The grading scale ranges from 1-70.
Candies Final Carnival Plus One
Candies Final Carnival Plus One (キャンディーズ ファイナルカーニバル プラス・ワン, Kyandīzu Fainaru Kānibaru Purasu Wan) is the third and final live album by Japanese idol trio Candies. Recorded live at the last show of the trio's Thank You Carnival (ありがとうカーニバル, Arigatō Kānibaru) tour at Korakuen Stadium on April 4, 1978, the three-disc album was released through CBS Sony on May 21, 1978. The third disc consists of the trio's final studio recordings, including the singles "Wana" and "Hohoemi Gaeshi".

The album hit No. 1 on Oricon's weekly album chart.

Hohoemi Gaeshi
"Hohoemi Gaeshi" (微笑がえし; "Smiling Back") is the 18th single by Japanese music trio Candies. Written by Yoko Aki and Yūsuke Hoguchi, the single was released on February 25, 1978. The song contains certain lyrics of their previous singles "Haru Ichiban", "Un, Deux, Trois", and "Wana".

The song hit No. 1 on Oricon's singles chart and spent 22 weeks in that chart. It sold over 829,000 copies, becoming their only No. 1 single and highest-selling single.
Order of Merit (Jamaica)
The Order of Merit is part of the Jamaican honours system, and it is the fourth-highest honour awarded by the nation of Jamaica. The Order of Merit is conferred upon Jamaicans or distinguished citizens of other countries who have achieved distinction in the field of science, the arts, literature or any other endeavour. The award can be held by no more than 15 living persons. It is not given to more than two people in any one year.

Members and Honorary Members of the order are entitled to wear the insignia of the order as a decoration and to be styled "The Honourable". In addition, they can append the post-nominal letters OM to their names, or OM (Hon.) in the case of Honorary Members. The order's motto is "He that does the truth comes into the light."

The Order of Merit was originally one that was awarded to foreign heads of state, but this function was taken over by the Order of Excellence in 2003.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Jamaica
The Jamaican honours system has developed as a unique entity since the passage of the National Honours and Awards Act by the Parliament of Jamaica in 1969 (Act No. 21 of 1969). The system is modelled largely on the British honours system, which was formerly conferred on Jamaicans.

The Governor-General of Jamaica serves as the Chancellor of the orders. Membership is conferred by the Governor-General upon the advice of the Prime Minister of Jamaica.

Most Jamaican honours allow recipients to place post-nominal letters after their names, and some honours include pre-nominal styles.
Eliason
Eliason is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Eliason, British diamond merchant

Don Eliason (1918–2003), American basketball and football player

Edwin Eliason (born 1938), American archer

Frank Eliason (born 1972), American corporate executive and author

Ian Eliason (1945–2019), New Zealand rugby union player

Joyce Eliason (1934–2022), American television writer and producer

Oscar C. Eliason (1902–1985), Swedish American clergyman

Roy Eliason (1926–2019), Australian rules footballer

Steve Eliason, American politician

Don Eliason
Donald Carlton Eliason (July 24, 1918 – August 18, 2003) was an American basketball and football player. He played one season in the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and two seasons in the National Football League (NFL).
Biscubio
The Biscubio is a river in the Umbria and Marche regions of Italy. Its source is in the province of Perugia near the border with the province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano mountains. The river flows northeast into Pesaro e Urbino south of Mercatello sul Metauro. It then flows east through the mountains near Apecchio and the exclave called Monte Ruperto belonging to Città di Castello until it joins the Candigliano near Piobbico.

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
Transocean John Shaw
Transocean John Shaw was a semi-submersible drilling rig designed by Friede & Goldman as a self-propelled modified & enhanced pacesetter, built and delivered in 1982 by Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Ltd. in Japan.

The Panama-convenience flagged vessel was designed and outfitted to operate in harsh environments. The rig was capable of operations at water depths up to 1,800 ft (550 m) and drilling down to approximately 25,000 ft (7,600 m) using an 18.77 in (47.7 cm), 10,000 PSI  blowout preventer (BOP), and a 21 in (53 cm) outside diameter (OD) marine riser.

The rig was named after John S. Shaw, former chairman of Birmingham, Alabama-based Sonat Inc. Sonat spun off its offshore division as Sonat Offshore in 1993, and it changed its name to Transocean in 1996. In January 2016, it was decided to scrap the rig, and after a period berthed at Invergordon, Scotland, it departed, under tow, for Aliaga, Turkey on 19 April 2016.

Drilling riser
A drilling riser is a conduit that provides a temporary extension of a subsea oil well to a surface drilling facility. Drilling risers are categorised into two types: marine drilling risers used with subsea blowout preventer (BOP) and generally used by floating drilling vessels; and tie-back drilling risers used with a surface BOP and generally deployed from fixed platforms or very stable floating platforms like a spar or tension leg platform (TLP).
2016 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup
The 2016 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup was the fourth season following on from the demise of the SRO Group's FIA GT1 World Championship (an auto racing series for grand tourer cars), the third with the designation of Blancpain Sprint Series or Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup. After developing their partnership, Blancpain and the SRO decided that 2016 would see both the Sprint and Endurance Series further integrated into the Blancpain GT Series, putting the emphasis on the prestigious overall drivers' and manufacturers' titles causing the Sprint Series name to change from Blancpain Sprint Series to Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
2004 UK Championship
The 2004 UK Championship (officially the 2004 Travis Perkins UK Championship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 15 and 28 November 2004 at the Barbican Centre in York, England.

During the qualification Jamie Burnett compiled a 148 break, the only break exceeding 147 in professional competition.

Matthew Stevens was the defending champion, but lost his first round match to Barry Pinches.

Stephen Maguire won his first UK Championship, beating David Gray 10–1 in the final. During the tournament Gray compiled his first maximum break, the 50th ever made in professional play.

York Barbican
York Barbican is an indoor entertainment venue located in York, England. Named after the nearby barbican attached to Walmgate Bar, the venue hosts a busy calendar of live music, comedy and sports, as well as business events and conferences. It has a 1,500 seating capacity and a 1,900 standing capacity.

York Barbican is the host venue for the second biggest-ranking snooker tournament, the UK Championship, and has done so from 2001 to 2006, and then from 2011 onwards.

The centre is located on the southern end of York city centre, opposite the city walls.