hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thayyil
Thayyil is an Indian family name and surname found predominantly in the State of Kerala, India, used by many communities including, Nambiars, Thiyyas, Muslims and Christians. The word in old Malayalam means Beautiful, Pretty, etc. The word "Thayyilale" is used to refer a beautiful girl in old Malayalam.

Ezhava
The Ezhavas, (Malayalam: [iːɻɐʋɐ]) also known as Thiyya or Tiyyar (Malayalam: [t̪ijːɐ]) in the Malabar region, and Chegavar/Chovar (Malayalam: [tʃeɡɐʋɐr, tʃoːʋɐr]) in the south, are a community with origins in the region of India presently known as Kerala, where in the 2010s they constituted about 23% of the population and were reported to be the largest Hindu community.

Ezhava dynasties such as the Mannanar existed in Kerala. The British also formed a separate regiment in the British Indian Army called the Thiyyar Regiment in Malabar, which was one of the oldest army regiments in India. The British deployed this unit in various military operations.

The Ezhavas are classified as an Other Backward Class by the Government of India under its system of positive discrimination.
2010–11 in French football
The 2010–11 season is the 78th season of competitive professional football in France. The league season began on 6 August 2010 for the Championnat National and Ligue 2 and on 7 August for Ligue 1 and the Championnat de France amateur. The season concluded on 26 May 2011 for Ligue 2, 27 May for the Championnat National, and 28 May for Ligue 1 and the Championnat de France amateur. The men's France national team began play on 11 August contesting a friendly match against Norway, while the women continued their quest for qualification to the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup by facing Iceland on 21 August.

2011 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup was the sixth FIFA Women's World Cup competition, the world championship for women's national football teams. It was held from 26 June to 17 July 2011 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in October 2007. Japan won the final against the United States on a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after extra time and became the first Asian team to win a senior FIFA World Cup.

The matches were played in nine stadiums in nine host cities around the country, with the final played at the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt. Sixteen teams were selected for participation via a worldwide qualification tournament that began in 2009. In the first round of the tournament finals, the teams competed in round-robin groups of four teams for points, with the top two teams in each group proceeding. These eight teams advanced to the knockout stage, where two rounds of play decided which teams would participate in the final.
Preparation Series
The Preparation Series was a South African rugby union tournament organised by SA Rugby. The tournament was used to be a number of preparation fixtures were announced by SA Rugby. It served as preparation for the 2021 British & Irish Lions tour to South Africa and South African teams entering the Pro14 Rainbow Cup, who had missed out on significant rugby game time due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 8 sides took part in the competition; the four joining the Pro14 Rainbow Cup (the Bulls, the Lions, the Sharks and the Stormers), along with the Cheetahs, Griquas and Pumas, who had taken part in Super Rugby Unlocked and the 2020–21 Currie Cup Premier Division, and the Eastern Province Elephants who had not played any competitive rugby since the 2019 Currie Cup First Division.

Although there was no trophy for this tournament, the Bulls ended up in top spot in Pool A and the Sharks topped in pool B.

Eastern Province Elephants
The Eastern Province Elephants (Afrikaans: Oostelike Provinsie Olifante), known as the Multisure Eastern Province Elephants for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. They are governed by the Eastern Province Rugby Union (EPRU or EP Rugby). The team represents the Western half of the Eastern Cape province, and they play their home games at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth.

In February 2018, the EPRU announced that the name of the team would revert to Eastern Province Elephants for the 2018 season.
Jyri Jaakkola
Jyri Antero Jaakkola (February 11, 1977 – April 27, 2010) was a Finnish human rights activist. He was on his way to San Juan Copala, a village of indigenous Trique people that has declared itself autonomous, as a human rights observer when he was shot dead by UBISORT, a paramilitary organization connected to Institutional Revolutionary Party. In the attack Alberta Cariño, an activist for the local organization CACTUS, was also shot dead and more than ten people were wounded.

Legal observer
Legal observers are individuals, usually representatives of civilian human rights agencies, who attend public demonstrations, protests and other activities where there is a potential for conflict between the public or activists and the police, security guards, or other law enforcement personnel. The purpose of legal observers is to monitor, record, and report on any unlawful or improper behaviour. Legal or human rights observers act as an independent third party within a conflictual civil protest context, observing police behaviour in order to keep police accountable for their actions. Legal observers can write incident reports describing police violence and misbehaviour and compile reports after the event. The use of video and still cameras, incident reports and audio recorders is common.
Richie Ling
Richie Ling (October 18, 1867 – March 5, 1937) was an English singer and actor, whose career was mainly in the United States. He was originally an operatic tenor, became a stage actor, and later made some silent films. He was the original Gold Star member of Actors' Equity Association, having been the first performer to heed the callout for the 1919 Actors' Strike. Among many Broadway productions, his portrayal of Fabius Maximus for Robert E. Sherwood's historical satire The Road to Rome was his longest running role at 396 performances. He was on the stage for more than fifty years, and had just finished a Broadway show two weeks before his death.

Casino Theatre (New York City)
The Casino Theatre was a Broadway theatre located at 1404 Broadway and West 39th Street in New York City. Built in 1882, it was a leading presenter of mostly musicals and operettas until it closed in 1930.

The theatre was the first in New York to be lit entirely by electricity, popularized the chorus line and later introduced white audiences to African-American shows. It originally seated approximately 875 people, however the theatre was enlarged in 1894 and again in 1905, after a fire, when its capacity was enlarged to 1,300 seats. It hosted a number of long-running comic operas, operettas and musical comedies, including Erminie, Florodora, The Vagabond King and The Desert Song. It closed in 1930 and was demolished the same year.
Kfar Kidde
34°12′10″N 35°39′16″E﻿ / ﻿34.20278°N 35.65444°E﻿ / 34.20278; 35.65444
Kfar Kidde (Arabic: كفر كدّه) is a town in Northern Lebanon, roughly 51 km North of Beirut.  It is in the Byblos District of Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, located along the Mediterranean coast.

Byblos District
Byblos District (Arabic: قضاء جبيل; transliteration: Qadaa' Jbeil), also called the Jbeil District (Jbeil is Lebanese Arabic for "Byblos"; standard Arabic Jubail), is a district (qadaa) of the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. It is located to the northeast of Lebanon's capital Beirut. The capital is Byblos. The rivers of al-Madfoun and Nahr Ibrahim form the district's natural northern and southern borders respectively, with the Mediterranean Sea bordering it from the west and Mount Lebanon from the east, separating it from the adjacent district of Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley.
KTBS-TV
KTBS-TV (channel 3) is a television station in Shreveport, Louisiana, United States, serving as the ABC affiliate for the Ark-La-Tex region. The station is owned by the locally based KTBS, LLC (owned by the Wray Properties Trust, which is managed by Betty Wray Anderson, John D. Wray, and Edwin N. Wray, Jr.), alongside CW affiliate KPXJ (channel 21). The two stations share studios on East Kings Highway on the eastern side of Shreveport; KTBS-TV's transmitter is located near St. Johns Baptist Church Road (southeast of Mooringsport and Caddo Lake) in rural northern Caddo Parish. Currently, KTBS-TV is one of a handful of American television stations to have locally based ownership.

Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Caddo Parish (/ˈkædoʊ/; French: Paroisse de Caddo) is a parish located in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Louisiana. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the parish had a population of 237,848. The parish seat and largest city is Shreveport, which developed along the Red River.

The city of Shreveport is the economic and cultural center for the tri-state region of the Ark-La-Tex containing Caddo Parish. Caddo Parish is included in the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan statistical area.
Michael Clapham (industrialist)
Sir Michael John Sinclair Clapham KBE (17 January 1912 – 11 November 2002) was a prominent British Industrialist who served as president of the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) in the mid-1970s during a period of significant economic turmoil and as a senior executive of ICI throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. As CBI president he witnessed the fall of the administration of Edward Heath in the wake of the miners' strike, and the re-emergence of the Labour Party under Harold Wilson. He was directly involved, along with CBI director-general Campbell Adamson, in intense and volatile debate on voluntary pay restraint and price controls with Health and trade union leaders.

Clapham who was a classical scholar and a master printer by trade, also invented an isotope diffusion barrier whilst working on silk screen printing techniques during World War II which led to him being seconded to the Tube Alloys Project pursuing the development of the atom bomb.

Confederation of British Industry
The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) is a British business interest group, which says it represents 190,000 businesses.  The CBI has been described by the Financial Times as "Britain's biggest business lobby group". Incorporated by royal charter, its mission is to promote the conditions in which businesses of all sizes and sectors in the UK can compete and prosper for the benefit of all. In 2023, the association was shaken by numerous accusations of sexual misconduct in the organisation.
Fastnet Rock (horse)
Fastnet Rock (22 September 2001 – 8 September 2025) was an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse stallion.

Sired by Danehill to dam Piccadilly Circus, he started his racing career in 2004. Though he did not win any races as a two-year-old, he ran third in the Group One AJC Sires Produce Stakes. He found great success after turning three years old. After being unplaced in the Caulfield Guineas, he proved himself as one of the top Australian sprinters by winning the Group 1 Lightning Stakes and Oakleigh Plate in February 2005.

Trainer Paul Perry wished Fastnet Rock to repeat the successful English campaign by Choisir, who was trained by Perry, in 2003. After he ran second in the T J Smith Stakes in March 2005, Fastnet Rock was sent to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Group 1 Golden Jubilee Stakes and July Cup. He suffered from travel sickness and was unable to run in any race in the UK and was retired to stud. Fastnet Rock was euthanised on 8 September 2025, aged 23.

TJ Smith Stakes
The TJ Smith Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race at Weight for Age run over a distance of 1200 metres at Randwick Racecourse, Sydney, Australia in the autumn during the ATC Championships series.  Total prize money is A$3,000,000.
Giorgio DeLuca
Giorgio DeLuca is a founder of the gourmet grocery store Dean & DeLuca ("a landmark for culinary adventurers") with his partner Joel Dean. Before that, DeLuca owned a cheese shop on Prince Street in New York City which he opened in 1973, after a brief career teaching history in the city's public school system.

DeLuca was the owner of the restaurant Giorgione on Spring Street in SoHo, now closed.

Spring Street (Manhattan)
Spring Street is a street in Lower Manhattan, New York City, which runs west–east through the neighborhoods of Hudson Square, SoHo, and Nolita. It runs parallel to and between Dominick, Broome, and Kenmare Streets (to the south), and Vandam and Prince Streets (to the north). Address numbers ascend as Spring Street travels westward from the Bowery to West Street along the Hudson River.

As it passes through the center of SoHo, Spring Street is known for its artists' lofts, restaurants, and trendy and high-end boutiques, as well as its collection of cast-iron buildings.
Colin Murray Turbayne
Colin Murray Turbayne (7 February 1916 – 16 May 2006) was an Australian philosopher and scholar of George Berkeley. He spent most of his thirty-five-year academic career at the University of Rochester and authored The Myth of Metaphor in which he explores the use and abuse of metaphors and conceptual metaphors in language.

Materialism
In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Physicalism extends materialism by including forms of physicality beyond ordinary matter (e.g. spacetime, energy, forces, exotic matter), and some use the terms interchangeably.

Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism.
VP-148
VP-148 was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Bombing Squadron 148 (VB-148) on 16 August 1943, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 148 (VPB-148) on 1 October 1944, redesignated Patrol Squadron 148 (VP-148) on 15 May 1946 and disestablished on 14 June 1946.

Naval Air Station Alameda
Naval Air Station Alameda (NAS Alameda) was a United States Navy Naval Air Station mostly in Alameda, California, with a slight portion of it within San Francisco proper, on San Francisco Bay.

NAS Alameda had two runways: 13–31 measuring 8,000 ft × 200 ft (2,438 m × 61 m) and 07-25 measuring 7,200 ft × 200 ft (2,195 m × 61 m). Two helicopter pads and a control tower were also part of the facilities.
John Skinner (archaeologist)
The Rev. John Skinner (1772–1839) was a parish vicar and amateur antiquarian and archaeologist operating mainly in the area of Bath and the villages of northern Somerset in the early nineteenth century.

The Reverend
The Reverend (abbreviated as The Revd, The Rev'd or The Rev) is an honorific style given to certain (primarily Western) Christian clergy and ministers. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries and church traditions. The Reverend is correctly called a style, but is sometimes referred to as a title, form of address, or title of respect.
Eastern religions
The Eastern religions are the religions which originated in East, South and Southeast Asia and thus have dissimilarities with Western and African religions. Eastern religions include:

Taoic religions or East Asian religions such as Confucianism, Taoism, Tengrism, Korean shamanism, Chinese folk religion, and Shinto

Dharmic religions or Indian religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism

Southeast Asian religions such as Kejawen and Vietnamese folk religion

The East-West religious distinction (just like the East-West culture distinction, and the implications that arise from it) is broad and not precise. Furthermore, geographical distinctions have less meaning in the current context of global transculturation.

While many Western observers attempt to distinguish between Eastern philosophies and religions, this is a distinction that does not exist in some Eastern traditions.

Kejawèn
Kejawèn (Javanese: ꦏꦗꦮꦺꦤ꧀, romanized: Kajawèn) or Javanism, also known as Kebatinan, Agama Jawa lit. 'Javanese Religion', and Kepercayaan lit. 'Belief', is a Javanese cultural tradition, consisting of an amalgam of animistic, Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic aspects. It is rooted in Javanese history and religiosity, syncretizing aspects of different religions and traditions.
Hosts (novel)
Hosts is a 2001 thriller novel by F. Paul Wilson.

Written by F. Paul Wilson, Hosts is a thriller novel in the Repairman Jack series, and follows All the Rage.  In it, protagonist Jack investigates the cult that his sister's lover—Jeannette—has joined: the Unity.  Jeannette had received a tainted experimental viral vector treatment for a brain tumor; the virus gained sentience, is the driving factor behind the cult, and attempting to spread itself worldwide.  Further plots involve Jack's sister's coming out and Jack avoiding a journalist and any ensuing publicity.

Hosts (ISBN 978-0-312-87866-5) was published by Forge on October 12, 2001.

Publishers Weekly anticipated Wilson's fans to enjoy the novel and the further humanization of Jack.

Sentience
Sentience is the ability to experience feelings and sensations. It may not necessarily imply higher cognitive functions such as awareness, reasoning, or complex thought processes. Some theorists define sentience exclusively as the capacity for valenced (positive or negative) mental experiences, such as pain and pleasure.

Sentience is an important concept in ethics, as the ability to experience happiness or suffering often forms a basis for determining which entities deserve moral consideration, particularly in utilitarianism.

The word "sentience" has been used to translate a variety of concepts in Asian religions. In science fiction, "sentience" is sometimes used interchangeably with "sapience", "self-awareness", or "consciousness".
Francisco Laso
José Francisco Domingo Laso de la Vega y de los Ríos (8 May 1823, Tacna - 14 May 1869, San Mateo District) was a Peruvian painter and politician. During his lifetime he was mostly known for his portraits, but is now better known for creating works that were precursors to indigenismo in art.

San Mateo District, Huarochirí
San Mateo District is one of thirty-two districts of the Huarochirí Province, located in the Department of Lima in Peru. It was one of eleven districts that formed the Huarochirí Province after it was created by decree on August 4, 1821, during the Protectorate of San Martín.
Upanāha
Upanāha (Sanskrit; Tibetan phonetic: khön du dzinpa) is a Buddhist term translated as "resentment" or "enmity". It is defined as clinging to an intention to cause harm, and withholding forgiveness.  It is one of the twenty subsidiary unwholesome mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings.

The Abhidharma-samuccaya states:

What is resentment? It is not letting go of an obsession which develops through association with the anger which underlies it. Its function is to be the basis of non-endurance.

Alan Wallace described upanāha as "a lingering holding of anger (Sanskrit: krodha)".

Abhidharma-samuccaya
The Abhidharma-samuccaya (Sanskrit; Wylie: mngon pa kun btus; English: "Compendium of Abhidharma") is a Buddhist text composed by Asaṅga. The Abhidharma-samuccaya is a systematic account of Abhidharma. According to J. W. de Jong it is also "one of the most important texts of the Yogācāra school." According to Frauwallner, this text is based on the Abhidharma of the Mahīśāsaka tradition.

The text exists in Chinese, Tibetan and a reconstructed Sanskrit version. Its Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Canon) number is 1605. In the Tibetan Tengyur, it is number 4049 in the Derge Tengyur and 5550 in the Peking Kangyur.

According to Traleg Rinpoche, the Abhidharma-samuccaya is one of Asanga's most essential texts and also one of the most psychologically oriented. It provides a framework, as well as a general pattern, as to how a practitioner is to follow the path, develop oneself and finally attain Buddhahood. It presents the path according to the Yogācāra school of Mahayana Buddhism.
Musa Abdul-Aleem
Musa Abdul-Aleem (born May 2, 1988) is an American basketball player who played for AS Salé of the Nationale 1. After two years at Georgia Perimeter College, two years at South Florida and one year at Troy, Abdul-Aleem entered the 2015 NBA draft but was not selected in the draft's two rounds.

Troy Trojans men's basketball
The Troy Trojans men's basketball program is the intercollegiate men's basketball of Troy University.  The program is classified in NCAA Division I and the team competes in the Sun Belt Conference. The team currently plays their home games in Trojan Arena, which was built in 2012 and replaced the old arena known as Sartain Hall. Troy has appeared three times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 2025.
Malwa Agency
Malwa Agency was an administrative section of British India's Central India Agency. The headquarters of the political agent was at Neemuch (Nimach). The other chief towns of the region were : Ratlam and Jaora.

Ratlam
Ratlam (Hindi: IPA: [ɾət̪.laːm]),ⓘis a city in the northwestern part of the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh state of India. The city of Ratlam lies 480 metres (1,570 ft) above sea level. It is the administrative headquarters of Ratlam district, which was created in 1947 after the independence of India. It is located 294 kilometres west of the state capital Bhopal.

In 2024 Indian general election, Anita Nagar Singh Chouhan of Bharatiya Janata Party was elected as the Member of Parliament from Ratlam.

Ratlam railway division is one of the six railway divisions under Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. Whose headquarters is in Ratlam city. This is an important railway junction of the state.
Andrea Boquete
Andrea Boquete (born 24 September 1990) is an Argentine basketball player for Obras Basket and the Argentina women's national basketball team. She is playing (season 22-23) for Universitario Baxi Ferrol in the Spanish Challenge League.

She defended Argentina at the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup.

2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup
The 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup, the 18th edition of FIBA's premier international tournament for women's national basketball teams, was held in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain from 22 to 30 September 2018. This was the first edition to use the name of FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup. After the last edition in 2014, FIBA changed the name of the competition from the FIBA World Championship for Women, in order to align its name with that of the corresponding men's competition.

The United States were the two-time defending champions. This tournament saw the World Cup debut of Belgium, Latvia and Puerto Rico.

The US Team won the final against Australia, to win their third straight and tenth overall title.
Culpability
In criminal law, culpability, or being culpable, is a measure of the degree to which an agent, such as a person, can be held morally or legally responsible for action and inaction. It has been noted that the word culpability "ordinarily has normative force, for in nonlegal English, a person is culpable only if he is justly to blame for his conduct". The guilt principle requires that in order to convict a person it is necessary to ascertain his voluntary or reckless behaviour, Strict Liability being prohibited.

Legal liability
In law, liable means  "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.