hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clodius
Clodius is an alternate form of the Roman nomen Claudius, a patrician gens that was traditionally regarded as Sabine in origin. The alternation of o and au is characteristic of the Sabine dialect. The feminine form is Clodia.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Siddhesh Wath
Siddhesh Wath (born 3 July 1997) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Vidarbha. He made his first-class debut for Vidarbha in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 29 November 2016. He made his Twenty20 debut for Vidarbha in the 2016–17 Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament on 30 January 2017. He made his List A debut for Vidarbha in the 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 6 March 2017.

2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy
The 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 24th edition of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, an annual List A cricket tournament in India. It was held between 25 February and 20 March 2017. Tamil Nadu won the tournament, beating Bengal by 37 runs in the final.
Sturge Island
Sturge Island is one of the three main islands in the uninhabited Balleny Islands group located in the Southern Ocean. It lies 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Buckle Island and 95 km (59 mi) north-east of Belousov Point on the Antarctic mainland. The island, in Oates Land, also forms part of the Ross Dependency, claimed by New Zealand.

Ross Dependency
The Ross Dependency is a region of Antarctica defined by a sector originating at the South Pole, passing along longitudes 160° east to 150° west, and terminating at latitude 60° south. It is claimed by New Zealand, a claim mutually accepted only by Australia, the UK, France and Norway, which are countries that also have territorial claims in Antarctica. Under the 1961 Antarctic Treaty, of which all territorial claimants are signatories, including New Zealand, all claims are held in abeyance.  Article IV states: "No acts or activities taking place while the present Treaty is in force shall constitute a basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica or create any rights of sovereignty in Antarctica".

The Dependency takes its name from Sir James Clark Ross, who discovered the Ross Sea and includes part of Victoria Land, and most of the Ross Ice Shelf. Ross, Balleny, Scott and Roosevelt Islands also form part of the Dependency.
Ein Afek Nature Reserve
The Ein Afek Nature Reserve (also En Afek, En Afeq, Ain Afek) is a nature reserve in the Acre Valley within the  Zvulun Valley, Israel. It covers the swamps and springs at the source of the Na'aman River, as well as the Tel Afek archaeological site. The origin of the name is the biblical city of Afek.

The nature reserve, declared in 1979, covers 366 dunams. An additional 300 dunams were declared in 1994.
The highlights of the park include the Crusader fortress and the natural water canals and lake, which draw their waters from the year-long flowing springs of Afek, which are the source of the Naaman river.

In 1996 it was recognized as a Ramsar site. It preserves the remnants of the vast swamps in the Acre Valley, drained and pumped out.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Félix Klein
Abbé Félix Klein (12 July 1862 in Château-Chinon (Ville) – December 1953 in Gargenville) was a French priest, theologian and author who taught at the Institut Catholique de Paris. In the United States, he is known as the author of the introduction of Comtesse de Ravilliax's French translation of Walter Elliott's Life of Father Hecker (1896), which started the Americanism controversy. Klein was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1952. Many of Klein's personal papers are kept in the University of Notre Dame Archives.

Walter Elliott (priest)
Walter Elliott (1842–1928) was an American Roman Catholic priest and missionary, who authored the controversial 1891 book Life of Father Hecker, a biography of the missionary Isaac Hecker, which sparked the Americanism controversy. Elliott was a graduate of Notre Dame, successful attorney, and Civil War veteran before joining the Paulists.
Digitonin
Digitonin is a steroidal saponin (saraponin) obtained from the foxglove plant Digitalis purpurea. Its aglycone is digitogenin, a spirostan steroid. It has been investigated as a detergent, as it effectively water-solubilizes lipids.  As such, it has several potential membrane-related applications in biochemistry, including solubilizing membrane proteins, precipitating cholesterol, and permeabilizing cell membranes.

Digitonin is sometimes confused with the cardiac drugs digoxin and digitoxin; all three can be extracted from the same source.

Commercial digitonin preparations can often contain other congeners including tigonin, gitonin, digalonin, and desglucodigitonin.

Membrane protein
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending on their location.  Integral membrane proteins are a permanent part of a cell membrane and can either penetrate the membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of a membrane (integral monotopic). Peripheral membrane proteins are transiently associated with the cell membrane.

Membrane proteins are common, and medically important—about a third of all human proteins are membrane proteins, and these are targets for more than half of all drugs.  Nonetheless, compared to other classes of proteins, determining membrane protein structures remains a challenge in large part due to the difficulty in establishing experimental conditions that can preserve the correct (native) conformation of the protein in isolation from its native environment.
Agön
Agön is an island in the Bothnian Sea approximately 30 kilometers southeast of Hudiksvall in Hälsingland. It is donated to the city of Hudiksvall.

On Agön there is a timber chapel, Agö chapel, which dates from 1660. The island used to have an important fishing village in Agö harbor on the south side of the island, Agö hamn. The Agö lighthouse at the far end of the east was staffed until 1973.

Agön and the islands to the west of the island, Drakön and Kråkön, belong to Hudiksvall's district and are part of the Agön-Kråkön nature reserve. The whole of the archipelago is mostly covered with mixed coniferous forest, and is home to moose, hares, and grouse.

Hudiksvall
Hudiksvall (Swedish pronunciation: [hɵdɪksˈvalː]) is a city and the seat of Hudiksvall Municipality, in Hälsingland, Gävleborg County, Sweden with 16,792 inhabitants as of 2024. Hudiksvall is also known as Glada Hudik (English: Happy Hudik), a term that originated in the 19th century as word spread of its friendly hospitality and its lively social life. The city is located along the E4, on the east coast of Sweden deep inside the bay Hudiksvallsfjärden, about 80 km south of Sundsvall and about 130 km north of Gävle. Hudiksvall is one of Sweden's 80 largest urban area and also the largest urban area in Hälsingland. Around Hudiksvall within the municipality lay the communities of Delsbo, Iggesund, Enånger,  Njutånger, Näsviken and Sörforsa.
AWStats
AWStats (Advanced Web Statistics) is an open source Web analytics reporting tool, suitable for analyzing data from Internet services such as web, streaming media, mail, and FTP servers. AWStats parses and analyzes server log files, producing HTML reports. Data is visually presented within reports by tables and bar graphs. Static reports can be created through a command line interface, and on-demand reporting is supported through a Web browser CGI program.

AWStats supports most major web server log file formats including Apache (NCSA combined/XLF/ELF log format or Common Log Format (CLF)), WebStar, IIS (W3C log format), and many other common web server log formats.

Development was moved from SourceForge to GitHub in 2014.

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of technical standards for the World Wide Web. As of May 2025, W3C has 350 members. The organization has been led by CEO Seth Dobbs since October 2023. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
My Neighbor
"My Neighbor" ("Der Nachbar", literally "The Neighbor") is a short story by Franz Kafka. It was written in 1917 and published in 1931 in Berlin by Max Brod and Hans-Joachim Schoeps. The first English translation by Willa and Edwin Muir was published by Martin Secker in London in 1933. It appeared in The Great Wall of China. Stories and Reflections (New York City: Schocken Books, 1946).

The main character of the story is a young merchant who initially pretends to be self-assured but finds himself threatened by his new neighbor and possible competitor, Harras.

Martin Secker
Martin Secker (6 April 1882 – 6 April 1978), born Percy Martin Secker Klingender, was a London publisher who was responsible for producing the work of a distinguished group of literary authors, including D. H. Lawrence, Thomas Mann, Norman Douglas, Henry James, Compton Mackenzie, and George Orwell. He began publishing just before the First World War.
Secker lived at Bridgefoot House, Iver, Buckinghamshire.

In 1935, Secker's original firm merged to form the new company of Secker & Warburg.
Daniel Go
Daniel Go (born March 23, 1966) is a Filipino architect of Chinese descent. Go founded Daniel C. Go Architecture Design, and ADGO Architecture and Design Inc., and is its principal architect. His buildings include the CCF Center in Pasig, and BTTC Centre – the first LEED certified building in San Juan in the Philippines – aside from other residential and commercial establishment projects. He and his wife also manage a printing and packaging business among other business endeavors. In 2006 he became a Fellow at the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP), and became a registered APEC Architect in 2008 and a registered ASEAN Architect in 2015.

San Juan, Metro Manila
San Juan, officially the City of San Juan (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Juan), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 134,312 people. It is located in Metro Manila's approximate geographical center, and is the country's smallest city by land area.

The city is known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such as the Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other locations include Greenhills and Santolan Town Plaza, making the city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique, and bargain retail.
Peter Paddleford
Peter Paddleford (1785–1859) was a covered bridge builder who designed a new wooden bridge truss, one he never patented. The design was used widely throughout New Hampshire, Maine, and Eastern Vermont during much of the 19th century. Paddleford was also a millwright.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
St. Francis Street Methodist Church
St. Francis Street Methodist Church, officially St. Francis Street United Methodist Church, is a historic former United Methodist Church building in Mobile, Alabama, United States.  The current structure was built in 1896 by the architectural firm of Watkins and Johnson. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 5, 1984.

Holland Nimmons McTyeire (1824–1889) met his wife Amelia Townsend (1827–1891) in this church. He later founded Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee thanks to his wife's cousin, Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt (1839–1885), who convinced her second husband, Cornelius Vanderbilt, the richest man in the United States at the time, to donate US$1 million for its creation.

The church closed in 1993, and in 2015 was renovated for use as a concert and events venue known as The Steeple.

Holland Nimmons McTyeire
Holland Nimmons McTyeire (July 28, 1824 – February 15, 1889) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, elected in 1866. He was a co-founder of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He was a supporter of slavery in the United States.
Lisa Seminara
Lisa Seminara is American politician from the state of Connecticut. She was the senator for the 8th Senate District from 2023 to 2025 and is a member of the Republican Party. She was elected in November 2022, and was defeated for re-election in November 2024 by Paul Honig.

Seminara is a social worker by profession.

Prior to her election to the state Senate, she was a member of the Avon School Board.

Connecticut's 8th State Senate district
Connecticut's 8th State Senate district elects one member of the Connecticut State Senate. Its current senator is Democrat Paul Honig, who was first elected in 2024. The district contains the towns of Norfolk, Hartland, Canton, Simsbury, New Hartford, Avon, Barkhamsted, Colebrook and parts of Granby, Harwinton and Torrington.
CBX5 (gene)
Chromobox protein homolog 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX5 gene. It is a highly conserved, non-histone protein part of the heterochromatin family. The protein itself is more commonly called (in humans) HP1α. Heterochromatin protein-1 (HP1) has an N-terminal domain that acts on methylated lysines residues leading to epigenetic repression. The C-terminal of this protein has a chromo shadow-domain (CSD) that is responsible for homodimerizing, as well as interacting with a variety of chromatin-associated, non-histone proteins.

Dimerization
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds.  The resulting bonds can be either strong or weak. Many symmetrical chemical species are described as dimers, even when the monomer is unknown or highly unstable.

The term homodimer is used when the two subunits are identical (e.g. A–A) and heterodimer when they are not (e.g. A–B). The reverse of dimerization is often called dissociation. When two oppositely-charged ions associate into dimers, they are referred to as Bjerrum pairs, after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum.
Wanda Barfield
Wanda D. Barfield is an American pediatrician who is the Director of the Division of Reproductive Health in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. She is Assistant Surgeon General in the United States Public Health Service. Barfield works to improve healthcare provided to women and infants. She was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2025.

Pediatrics (journal)
Pediatrics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics. In the inaugural January 1948 issue, the journal's first editor-in-chief, Hugh McCulloch, articulated the journal's vision: "The content of the journal is... intended to encompass the needs of the whole child in his physiologic, mental, emotional, and social structure. The single word, Pediatrics, has been chosen to indicate this catholic intent." According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 8.0.
Guanyinyan Dam
The Guanyinyan Dam (Chinese: 观音岩水电站, lit. Guanyin Rock Dam) is a gravity dam on the Jinsha River 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Panzhihua on the border of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in China. The purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and flood control. Construction on the dam started in 2008 and the river was diverted by 2010. The first generator was operational on 20 December 2014 and the fourth on 14 December 2015. The entire power station should be operational by 2016. When complete, the dam will support a 3,000 MW power station consisting of five 600 MW Francis turbine generators.

Panzhihua
Panzhihua (Chinese: 攀枝花; pinyin: Pānzhīhuā), formerly Dukou (渡口), is a prefecture-level city located in the far south of Sichuan province, China, at the confluence of the Jinsha and Yalong Rivers. It has an administrative area of 7,423.42 square kilometres (2,866.20 sq mi), and a population at the 2020 census of 1,212,203. 806,395 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts.

Its economy relies almost entirely on its giant mine, one of the country's largest. The economy in Panzhihua is mainly centered on natural resource development and heavy-industry. The city grew into a major city for steel production during the Third Front construction.: 184  The urban center was built on top of mountainous terrains. In 2005, Panzhihua won the "China Excellent Tourist City" title, in 2008 it won the "National Health City" and the "China Vanadium, Titanium" titles.
Tennis at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles
China's Li Ting and Sun Tiantian defeated Spain's Conchita Martínez and Virginia Ruano Pascual in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the gold medal in Women's Doubles tennis at the 2004 Summer Olympics. In the bronze medal match, Argentina's Paola Suárez and Patricia Tarabini defeated Japan's Shinobu Asagoe and Ai Sugiyama, 6–3, 6–3.

The tournament was held at the Olympic Tennis Centre in Athens, Greece. 64 competitors (32 teams) from 22 countries participated.

Serena Williams and Venus Williams were the reigning gold medalists, but Serena chose not to participate. Venus partnered with Chanda Rubin for the United States, but the pair lost in the first round to future winners Li and Sun.

Argentina at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Argentina competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. This was the nation's twenty-first appearance at the Olympic Games, except for three different editions. Argentina did not attend the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its support for the United States-led boycott. The sailor Carlos Espínola was the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. 152 competitors, 106 men and 46 women, took part in 86 events in 22 sports.

The total medal count of six, marked the best performance by Argentina since the 1948 Summer Olympics, earning their first gold medals since the 1952 Summer Olympics and their best position in the medal table up to that point, at 35th place overall.
Eric C. Williams
Eric Cyril Williams (1918–2010) was a British science fiction author active in the 1960s and 1970s, and then again in the last decade of his life. Williams was active in science fiction fandom in the 1930s, contributing the fanzines such as The Satellite. He worked as a bookseller prior to becoming an author.

Science fiction fandom
Science fiction fandom or SF fandom is a community or fandom of people interested in science fiction in contact with one another based upon that interest. SF fandom has a life of its own, but not much in the way of formal organization (although formal clubs such as the Futurians (1937–1945) and the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society (1934–present) are recognized examples of organized fandom).

Most often called simply "fandom" within the community, it can be viewed as a distinct subculture, with its own literature and jargon; marriages and other relationships among fans are common, as are multi-generational fan families.
Manly Corner, Alberta
Manly Corner is a locality where the Yellowhead Highway (Highway 16) intersects Highway 43 in Parkland County, Alberta. It is named after the nearby former locality of Manly, located northeast of the junction. An Alberta Heritage marker describes this Highway as leading to Dawson Creek, British Columbia, where the Alaska Highway begins, and signifies where the CANAMEX Corridor transitions from Highway 16 to Highway 43.

Manly Corner is located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Edmonton.

Alberta Highway 16
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 16, commonly referred to as Highway 16, is a major east–west highway in central Alberta, Canada, connecting Jasper with Lloydminster via Edmonton. It forms a portion of the Yellowhead Highway, a major interprovincial route of the Trans-Canada Highway system that stretches from Masset, British Columbia, on Graham Island, to the main Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) west of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, near Winnipeg. Highway 16 spans approximately 634 kilometres (394 mi) from Alberta's border with British Columbia in the west to its border with Saskatchewan in the east. As of 2010, all but less than 96 kilometres (60 mi) of the route was divided, with a minimum of two lanes in each direction. It is designated a core route in Canada's National Highway System.