hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SNCF Connect
SNCF Connect, formerly OUI.sncf until January 25, 2022, is a subsidiary of SNCF selling passes and point-to-point tickets for rail travel around Europe. It has commercial links to major European rail operators including SNCF, Eurostar, Deutsche Bahn, and Thalys, and is made up of four independent companies in distinct geographical areas. In 2003, it was the largest French electronic commerce website in volume. One quarter of French SNCF tickets are sold by this website.

In 2013 it expanded throughout Europe with 14 websites in six languages under the Voyages-sncf.com brand, incorporating the former Rail Europe Limited, Rail Europe Continental and TGV Europe. In December 2017 it was rebranded Oui.sncf.

In January 2022, the president of SNCF Voyageurs, Christophe Fanichet announced the merger of the OUI.sncf sales platform and the SNCF Assistant, which provides information on the state of traffic, through the creation of a new site and a new mobile application: SNCF Connect.

Brive-la-Gaillarde
Brive-la-Gaillarde (French pronunciation: [bʁiv la ɡajaʁd] ⓘ; Limousin dialect of Occitan: Briva la Galharda), commonly known as simply Brive, is a commune of France. It is a sub-prefecture and the largest city of the Corrèze department. It has around 46,000 inhabitants, while the population of the agglomeration was 75,579 in 2019.

Although it is by far the biggest commune in Corrèze, the capital is Tulle. In French popular culture, the town is associated with a song by Georges Brassens.
2009 Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon – Doubles
Michaël Llodra and Andy Ram were the defending champions, but Ram chose to participate at the St. Petersburg Open instead. Llodra partnered up with Marc Gicquel, but they lost in the quarterfinals against Simone Bolelli and Ivan Ljubičić Julien Benneteau and Nicolas Mahut won in the final 6–4, 7–6(8–6) against Arnaud Clément and Sébastien Grosjean.

Arnaud Clément
Arnaud Clément (French pronunciation: [aʁno klemɑ̃]; born 17 December 1977) is a French former professional tennis player and Davis Cup captain. Clément reached the final of the 2001 Australian Open and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 10 in April 2001. He also had a career-high doubles ranking of No. 8. He won four ATP singles titles (Lyon 2000, Metz 2003, Marseille 2006, Washington 2006), and twelve doubles titles including 2007 Wimbledon, partnering Michaël Llodra, and two Masters titles.

He was the French Davis Cup captain from 2013 to 2015.
Obligate parasite
An obligate parasite or holoparasite is a parasitic organism that cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host. If an obligate parasite cannot obtain a host it will fail to reproduce. This is opposed to a facultative parasite, which can act as a parasite but does not rely on its host to continue its life-cycle. Obligate parasites have evolved a variety of parasitic strategies to exploit their hosts.

It is advantageous for the parasite to preserve the health of its host when this is compatible with its nutritional and reproductive requirements, except when the death of the host is necessary for transmission.

The Extended Phenotype
The Extended Phenotype is a 1982 book by the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, in which the author introduced a biological concept of the same name. The book's main idea is that phenotype should not be limited to biological processes such as protein biosynthesis or tissue growth, but extended to include all effects that a gene has on its environment, inside or outside the body of the individual organism.

Dawkins considers The Extended Phenotype to be a sequel to The Selfish Gene (1976) aimed at professional biologists, and as his principal contribution to evolutionary theory.
Florence Vanderbilt Twombly
Florence Adele Vanderbilt Twombly (née Vanderbilt; January 8, 1854 – April 11, 1952) was an American socialite and heiress. She was a member of the prominent Vanderbilt family. She and her husband Hamilton McKown Twombly built Florham, a gilded age estate in Madison, New Jersey.

In 1946, her relationship to her wealth was summarized by Collier's: "[Twombly] owns fifteen automobiles. She pays her chef $25,000 a year. Her butler has four footmen to assist him. Her New York mansion contains seventy rooms. At one of her country places she employs more than a hundred servants. And she does not crave publicity – she hates it!"

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
The Atlas Underground
The Atlas Underground is the fourth studio album by American rock musician Tom Morello and the first one released uniquely under his own name. The album was released on October 12, 2018, by Mom + Pop Music. The album features guest appearances from Knife Party, Bassnectar, Big Boi, Killer Mike, Portugal. The Man, Whethan, Vic Mensa, Marcus Mumford, Steve Aoki, Tim McIlrath, K.Flay, Pretty Lights, Carl Restivo, Gary Clark Jr., Nico Stadi, Leikeli47, GZA, RZA and Herobust.

Tim McIlrath
Timothy James McIlrath (born November 3, 1978) is an American rock musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, songwriter and co-founder of the punk rock band Rise Against. He is vegetarian and straight edge.
Freiherr von Blomberg family
The von Blomberg family refers to a German noble family, whose members held the title of Baron.

Freiherr is a German title of nobility. Situated between a Ritter (Chevalier) and a Graf (Comte), its modern equivalent is Baron. Blomberg is a German city in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, with Detmold as its capital, founded between 1231 and 1255.

Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
Alan Mylne
Alan Moultrie Mylne (2 January 1886, Mumbai – 5 March 1944, Malvern) was Archdeacon of Matabeleland from 1928 until 1936.

The son of Louis Mylne, bishop, Alan was educated at Marlborough, Keble College, Oxford and Cuddesdon Theological College.

He was a Lay Reader at Cathcart, Eastern Cape. After ordination he served curacies at Rawmarsh, Lickey and Alvechurch. He was a chaplain to the forces during World War I. After the war he was the incumbent at St George's, Worcester from  1920 to 1928; of Bulawayo from 1928 to 1936; and then of St Cuthbert, Port Elizabeth from 1936 to 1939.

Rawmarsh
Rawmarsh (locally /ˈroʊmɪʃ/) is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, in South Yorkshire, England. Historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is 2 miles (3 km) north-northeast from Rotherham town centre and 3 miles (5 km) south-southwest of Swinton. The village also forms part of the Sheffield Urban Area. The Rawmarsh ward of Rotherham MBC had a population of 13,389 at the 2011 Census. Rawmarsh also contains other output areas from neighbouring wards giving it a population of 18,498 in 2011 and 18,535 in 2014.
Claudio Chiappucci
Claudio Chiappucci (born 28 February 1963 in Uboldo, Varese, Lombardy) is a retired Italian professional cyclist. He was on the podium three times in the Tour de France general classification: second in 1990, third in 1991 and second again in 1992.

Province of Varese
The province of Varese (Italian: provincia di Varese) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Varese, but the largest city is Busto Arsizio. The headquarters of AgustaWestland, the company merged into Leonardo since 2016 and the world's largest producer of helicopters, is based in Samarate, a comune (municipality) of the province. The province has 139 municipalities.

It has a population of 881,907 in an area of 1,198.11 square kilometres (462.59 sq mi), making it the 6th most densely populated province of Italy.
Houssaye
Armand Lebrun de La Houssaye (1768–1848), French general of the Napoleonic wars.

Arsène Houssaye (1815-1896), French novelist, poet and man of letters.

Henry Houssaye (1848-1911), a French historian and academician, son of Arsène.

Armand Lebrun de La Houssaye
Armand Lebrun de la Houssaye (French pronunciation: [aʁmɑ̃ ləbʁœ̃ də la usɛ]; 20 October 1768–19 June 1848) led a cavalry division during the First French Empire of Napoleon. He joined the army of the First French Republic in 1791 and fought at Kaiserslautern in 1793. He was appointed to lead a hussar regiment the following year. Promoted to general officer in 1804, he led a heavy cavalry brigade at Austerlitz, Eylau, and Heilsberg and a division at Friedland. Transferred to Spain, he commanded a dragoon division under Marshal Nicolas Soult at Corunna, Braga, First and Second Porto, and Arzobispo in 1809. In 1812 he led a cavalry division in the III Cavalry Corps during the French invasion of Russia where he was badly wounded at Borodino. While recovering in the hospital, he was captured by the Russians and held until the peace in 1814. Lahoussaye is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe on Column 6.
Season Salad
Season Salad (Persian: Salad-e fasl) is a 2005 film by the Iranian director Fereydoun Jeyrani. Jeyrani also wrote the script of the film which was lensed by Hossein Maleki. It starred Leila Hatami, Khosro Shakibai	and Mohamad Reza Sharifinia in the principal roles. Shakibai was awarded a Crystal Simorgh for his performance in the film

Khosrow Shakibai
Khosrow Shakibai (Persian: خسرو شکیبایی; March 27, 1944 – July 18, 2008) was an Iranian actor. He has received various accolades, including three Crystal Simorgh, a Hafez Award, two Iran Cinema Celebration Awards and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award.
39M Csaba
The 39M Csaba (t͡ʃɒbɒ) was a Hungarian armoured car used for liaison and reconnaissance. It was produced for the Royal Hungarian Army during World War II and used extensively on the Eastern Front fighting against the Soviet Union.

Royal Hungarian Army
The Royal Hungarian Army (Hungarian: Magyar Királyi Honvédség, German: Königlich Ungarische Armee) was the name given to the land forces of the Kingdom of Hungary in the period from 1922 to 1945. Its name was inherited from the Royal Hungarian Honvéd which went under the same Hungarian title of Magyar Királyi Honvédség from 1867 to 1918. Initially restricted by the Treaty of Trianon to 35,000 men, the army was steadily upgraded during the 1930s and fought on the side of the Axis powers during World War II.
Rosopsida
Rosopsida (Batsch, 1788) is a botanical name for a group of flowering plants recognized at the rank of class. The name is derived from that of the included family Rosaceae. As used in the Reveal system it is a subset of the dicots, a paraphyletic group recognized at various ranks in other systems, and includes:

subclass Caryophyllidae
subclass Hamamelididae
subclass Dilleniidae
subclass Rosidae
subclass Cornidae
subclass Lamiidae
subclass Asteridae

Reveal's use of the group corresponds largely to Cronquist's class Magnoliopsida (but minus subclass Magnoliidae) and to the eudicots of the APG II system minus Ranunculales and some other early-branching groups.

The name has not been used in most of the more influential recent classification systems, such as the Cronquist system, the Thorne system, the Takhtajan system or the APG II system.

August Batsch
August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (28 October 1761 – 29 September 1802) was a German naturalist. He was a recognised authority on mushrooms, and also described new species of ferns, bryophytes, and seed plants.
Adversarial information retrieval
Adversarial information retrieval (adversarial IR) is a topic in information retrieval related to strategies for working with a data source where some portion of it has been manipulated maliciously.  Tasks can include gathering, indexing, filtering, retrieving and ranking information from such a data source. Adversarial IR includes the study of methods to detect, isolate, and defeat such manipulation.

On the Web, the predominant form of such manipulation is search engine spamming (also known as spamdexing), which involves employing various techniques to disrupt the activity of web search engines, usually for financial gain. Examples of spamdexing are link-bombing, comment or referrer spam, spam blogs (splogs), malicious tagging.  Reverse engineering of ranking algorithms, click fraud, and web content filtering may also be considered forms of adversarial data manipulation.

Ranking (information retrieval)
Ranking of query is one of the fundamental problems in information retrieval (IR), the scientific/engineering discipline behind search engines. Given a query q and a collection D of documents that match the query, the problem is to rank, that is, sort, the documents in D according to some criterion so that the "best" results appear early in the result list displayed to the user. Ranking in terms of information retrieval is an important concept in computer science and is used in many different applications such as search engine queries and recommender systems. A majority of search engines use ranking algorithms to provide users with accurate and relevant results.
Sleepovers (novel)
Sleepovers is a 2001 children's novel by the English writer Jacqueline Wilson, illustrated by Nick Sharratt. It follows Daisy and her classmates Amy, Bella, Chloe and Emily as they each have sleepovers for their birthdays. In the novel, Daisy struggles with Chloe being mean to her and the fear that Chloe will judge her disabled older sister, Lily. Wilson enjoyed writing the novel and believed that its popularity was due to its themes of friendship and sleepovers. The novel was received positively and has been regarded as one of Wilson's most popular works. Wilson published a sequel, The Best Sleepover in the World, in 2023. A third novel in the series, The Seaside Sleepover, was released in 2025.

Nick Sharratt
Nick Sharratt (born 9 August 1962) is a British author and illustrator of children's books, whose work is split between illustrating for writers, most notably Jacqueline Wilson from 1991 to 2021, and Jeremy Strong, but also Giles Andreae, Julia Donaldson and Michael Rosen. He was chosen to be the official illustrator for World Book Day 2006, and has illustrated around 250 books, including over 50 books by Wilson, among them The Lottie Project, Little Darlings and The Story of Tracy Beaker which was the most borrowed library book in the UK for the first decade of the 21st century. The books on which Sharratt and Wilson have collaborated have sold more than 40 million copies in the UK and sales of picture books illustrated by Sharratt exceed 10 million.
Metro Transit (St. Louis)
Metro Transit is the main public transit operator in the Greater St. Louis region, which spans the states of Missouri and Illinois in the Midwestern United States. Its services include bus, light rail, streetcar, microtransit, and paratransit.

Metro Transit's service area includes the city of St. Louis and St. Louis County in Missouri and St. Clair County, Illinois. The agency is an enterprise of the Bi-State Development Agency, an interstate compact established in 1949. In 2024, the system had an annual ridership of 20,426,900, or about 64,600 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2025.

Mascoutah, Illinois
Mascoutah is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. The population was 8,754 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis. The city was named for the Mascoutens, a tribe of Algonquian-speaking Native Americans.
Lampetra ayresii
Lampetra ayresii is a species of lamprey in the family Petromyzontidae. It is also called the river lamprey or western river lamprey. It is found in the eastern Pacific, specifically from Tee Harbor, Juneau in Alaska to the Sacramento–San Joaquin drainage in California, USA. 
It can survive in both marine surface waters and freshwater lakes, rivers, and creeks. In freshwater, it is found typically in the lower portions of large river systems. 
It is a predatory fish and feeds on fishes in the size range of 10–30 cm. It feeds by attaching to prey using its round, sucker-like mouth. Adult western river lampreys typically grow to about 21 cm (8.3 in) total length (TL), but can reach 31 cm (12 in) TL.

Tee Harbor, Juneau
Tee Harbor (also known as The Harbor) refers to two adjacent populated places in the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska.  The area had a population of 32 in 1950.  It is located 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Fairhaven and 17 miles (27 km) northwest of the main city of Juneau.

Business in the area began with a saltery in 1901 and a cannery in 1911; the cannery burnt down in 1912, according to a 1957 publication by R. N. DeArmond.

The name was published in Polk's Gazetteer in 1916.
Cesano (RM)
Cesano is the 52nd zona of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials Z. LII. It takes its name from the small medieval village of Cesano di Roma, on the Via Cassia, which is located within the Municipio XV, 27 km from Rome proper.

Zones of Rome
The zones of Rome (Italian: zone di Roma) are toponymic subdivisions within the area of the Ager Romanus, belonging to the Municipalities of Rome and Fiumicino, Italy.

They constitute the fourth and final level of toponymy subdivisions of the Municipality of Rome and cover, considering only the areas within its competence, a surface of approximately 1,028 km2 (397 sq mi). The total resident population is 979,446 inhabitants.
Earwig (film)
Earwig is a 2021 neo-noir body horror drama film co-written and directed by Lucile Hadžihalilović, based on the eponymous novel by Brian Catling. It is a co-production of Britain, Belgium and France.

The film premiered in the Platform Prize program at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
Juhani Siljo
Juhani Siljo (3 May 1888 – 6 May 1918) was a Finnish poet and translator.

Siljo was born as Johan Alarik Sjögren in Oulu. He completed the Oulun Lyseon Lukio upper secondary school in 1907, and started studies in the University of Helsinki at the same year, but never graduated, instead he focused on writing. He wrote poems, essays and translated authors like Novalis, Friedrich Schiller, Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche and Charles Baudelaire.

Siljo also worked as an editor in the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat and the periodical Valvoja. From 1915 to 1916 he worked as a library assistant in Jyväskylä.

Siljo was on the side of the White Guards in the Finnish Civil War. He was wounded and captured by the Red Guards in a battle in Orivesi. He died in a military hospital in Tampere after the Battle of Tampere had ended in the victory of the Whites.

Charles Baudelaire
Charles-Pierre Baudelaire (UK: /ˈboʊdəlɛər/; US: /ˌboʊd(ə)ˈlɛər/; French: [ʃaʁl(ə) bodlɛʁ] ⓘ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics, and are based on observations of real life.

His most famous work, a book of lyric poetry titled Les Fleurs du mal (The Flowers of Evil), expresses the changing nature of beauty in the rapidly industrialising Paris caused by Haussmann's renovation of Paris during the mid-19th century. Baudelaire's original style of prose-poetry influenced a generation of poets including Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé. He coined the term modernity (modernité) to designate the fleeting experience of life in an urban metropolis, and the responsibility of artistic expression to capture that experience. Marshall Berman has credited Baudelaire as being the first Modernist.
Bronze Cross of Zimbabwe
The Bronze Cross of Zimbabwe is a gallantry decoration that was instituted in 1981 to replace the Bronze Cross of Rhodesia.

It forms part of the Zimbabwean honours system. Recipients of the Bronze Cross of Zimbabwe are entitled to the use of the post-nominal letters BCZ after their name. The ribbon is purple.

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
Pavlovsky (surname)
Pavlovsky (Павловский, also spelled as Pavlovskiy) is a Russian-language surname. The Ukrainian-language variant is Павловський, Pavlovskiy. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Pavlovsky (1936–1977), Soviet Olympic fencer

Andrew Pavlovsky, Russian artist

Yevgeny Pavlovsky (1884–1965), Soviet zoologist

Gleb Pavlovsky, Russian political scientist

Isaac Yakovlevich Pavlovsky (1853–1924), Russian revolutionary

Mykhailo Pavlovskiy (1942–2004), Ukrainian scientist and politician

Volodymyr Pavlovskiy, Ukrainian rower

Yevgeny Pavlovsky
Yevgeny Nikanorovich Pavlovsky (Russian: Евге́ний Никано́рович Павло́вский; 5 March 1884, Biryuch – 27 May 1965, Leningrad) was a Soviet zoologist, entomologist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1939), the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1944), honorary member of the Tajik Academy of Sciences (1951), and a lieutenant general of the Red Army Medical Service in World War II.