hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shoppers Food & Pharmacy
Shoppers Food & Pharmacy, also known as Shoppers Food Warehouse, is a chain of 22 American supermarkets located in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C., metropolitan areas. Shoppers has fresh produce, Swift Angus beef, Smithfield natural pork, all-natural chicken, Dietz & Watson delis, fresh seafood, steamed shrimp, as well as hot food bars.

Shoppers is thought to have innovated several now-common supermarket features, such as warehouse shelving (no longer utilized in its stores), open-bin bulk foods (also no longer found in the chain), large salad bars with hot prepared foods and specialized fans to keep produce fresh, and "warehouse-sized" packaged products.  Shoppers also was one of the first chains to sell all of its produce by the pound, rather than by the item, which is now common.  This prevented the "picked-over" selection of produce commonly found in conventional supermarkets several days after a produce delivery.

Dietz & Watson
Dietz & Watson, Inc. is an American family-owned and operated preparer of delicatessen foods, founded in 1939 and based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The company specializes in the production and distribution of deli meats, cheeses, and other specialty food products.
James Valcq
James Valcq (born 1963 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American musical theatre composer, lyricist, and librettist, as well as an actor and arts administrator. He contributed to various theatrical works.

First Stage Children's Theater
The First Stage Children's Theater is a professional American children's theater based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, founded in 1987. Its season consists of six "mainstage" shows, two shows for very young audiences, and two shows from its award-winning Young Company. First Stage also provides education for children and youth interested in theater.

One of the largest children's theaters in the nation, First Stage has large annual audiences and is the second biggest theater company in Milwaukee. The theater's main performance venue is the Todd Wehr Theater at the Marcus Center, with additional performance space and headquarters in the Milwaukee Youth Arts Center.
Cramér's theorem (large deviations)
Cramér's theorem is a fundamental result in the theory of large deviations, a subdiscipline of probability theory. It determines the rate function of a series of iid random variables.
A weak version of this result was first shown by Harald Cramér in 1938.

Harald Cramér
Harald Cramér (Swedish: [kraˈmeːr]; 25 September 1893 – 5 October 1985) was a Swedish mathematician, actuary, and statistician, specializing in mathematical statistics and probabilistic number theory. John Kingman described him as "one of the giants of statistical theory".
Niue–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty
The Niue–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty is a 1997 treaty that delimits the maritime boundary between Niue and American Samoa.

The treaty was signed in Wellington, New Zealand on 13 May 1997 by Niuean Premier Frank Lui and United States ambassador Josiah Beeman. In the treaty, the boundary is 279 nautical miles long, runs in a rough east–west direction, and is composed of 18 straight-line maritime segments defined by reference to 19 individual coordinate points.

The treaty was submitted to the United States Senate for ratification by U.S. President Bill Clinton on 23 June 1998.

The full name of the treaty is the Treaty between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Niue on the delimitation of a maritime boundary.

Ratification
Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.

The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty. The term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federal states such as the United States and Canada. The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies.
The Virgin in Prayer
The Virgin in Prayer is an oil painting by the Italian artist Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato, painted in c. 1640–1650, and currently displayed at the National Gallery. Its dimensions are 73 by 58 cm (29 by 23 in). The painting is a life-size depiction of the Virgin Mary praying in quiet devotion.

Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato
Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato (25 August 1609 – 8 August 1685), also known as Giovanni Battista Salvi, was an Italian Baroque painter, known for his archaizing commitment to Raphael's style. He is often referred to only by the name of his birthplace, Sassoferrato.
American Idol Season 6: Greatest Hits
American Idol: Greatest Hits was released on iTunes on June 12, 2007.   The album was finally released almost a month after the May finale.  The album contains 11 cover songs, by the finalists and Jordin Sparks' winning single.  The Collector's Edition contains 76 songs and includes cover songs by top 12 and, again, Jordin Sparks' winning single.  Neither collection of songs was released as an actual CD but both are available exclusively through the iTunes Store.

Chris Sligh
Charles Christopher Sligh (/ˈslaɪ/; born April 13, 1978) is an American singer, songwriter, producer and pastor who was a finalist on the sixth season of American Idol, finishing in tenth place. He has released 14 albums since 2001 as a solo artist, with his band Half Past Forever or with his former church's musical entity, Shoreline Music. He also starred in October Baby.
Stackin Chips
Stackin Chips is the debut studio album by American rap group 3X Krazy. It was released on April 8, 1997 through Noo Trybe Records. Production was handled by Tone Capone, One Drop Scott, Ali Malek, Ant Banks, Bosko, Lev Berlak, Mike Dean, N.O. Joe, and Spenc. It features guest appearances from Luniz, Harm, Mr. Spence, Christión, Cydal, E-40, Dru Down, Mike Marshall, Pleasure, Swoop G, and Seagram. The album made it to No. 136 on the Billboard 200, No. 28 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and No. 6 on the Top Heatseekers. One single, "Keep It on the Real," peaked at No. 19 on the Hot Rap Tracks, which was based on the 52nd Street's 1985 song, "Tell Me How It Feels."

Seagram (rapper)
Seagram Miller (April 13, 1970 – July 31, 1996) was an American rapper from Oakland, California, United States.

Seagram released two albums, The Dark Roads (1992) and Reality Check (1994). He was killed in a drive-by shooting on July 31, 1996, which remains unsolved. He is interred in Oakland. A posthumous album, Souls on Ice, was released in 1997.
August 1970 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Monday, August 17, 1970, with an umbral magnitude of 0.4080. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 4 hours before perigee (on August 17, 1970, at 7:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Phyllis W. McQuaid
Phyllis Winifred McQuaid (née Haas; March 6, 1928 – June 7, 2023) was an American politician in the state of Minnesota.

After raising eight children as a stay-at-home mother, McQuaid was elected in 1975 to the St. Louis Park School Board and in 1979 as mayor of St. Louis Park.

McQuaid served in the Minnesota Senate as an Independent Republican member, representing district 44 from 1983 to 1990, when she lost re-election to Ted Mondale. She died in Roseville, Minnesota, in 2023, at the age of 95.

Roseville, Minnesota
Roseville is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. It is one of two Twin Cities suburbs that border both Saint Paul and Minneapolis (Lauderdale is the other). The population was 36,254 at the 2020 census.
Bearded barbet
The bearded barbet (Pogonornis dubius) is an African barbet. Barbets are  birds with a worldwide tropical distribution, although New World and Old World barbets are placed in different families. The barbets get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills.

Lybiidae
Lybiidae is a family of birds also known as the African barbets. There are 44 species ranging from the type genus Lybius of forest interior to the tinkerbirds (Pogoniulus) of forest and scrubland. They are found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with the exception of the far south-west of South Africa.

The African terrestrial barbets, Trachyphoninae, range from the southern Sahara to South Africa. Members of one genus, Trachyphonus, are the most open-country species of barbets. The subfamily Lybiinae contains the African arboreal barbets. There are 37 species of Lybiinae in 8 genera.
Alan Ford and the TNT Group vs. Superciuk
Alan Ford and the TNT Group vs. Superciuk is an animated short film directed by Max Bunker featuring the members of the TNT Group from the comic Alan Ford. A first, considerably shorter edition was broadcast in 1981 on Rai Due as part of the programme Buonasera con... Supergulp!

Expanded to reach its current runtime, it has never been broadcast in full on television and was only distributed on VHS produced by Max Bunker Production (already the producer of Bunker's previous film: Delitti, amore e gelosia), as part of the DVD collection published by La Gazzetta dello Sport in 2010 dedicated to "Comics on TV" and was finally released on a standalone DVD produced by 1000VolteMeglio Publishing in 2013.

The film's graphic design was overseen by Paolo Piffarerio. The theme song, titled Alan Ford e il gruppo T.N.T., is sung by Francesco Zitelli.

Max Bunker
Max Bunker, pen name of Luciano Massimiliano Secchi (born 24 August 1939), is an Italian comic book writer, and publisher, best known as the co-author of Alan Ford.

Bunker's career started in 1960 when he co-founded, together with his brother-in-law Andrea Corno, a publishing house focused on the production of comics called Editoriale Corno. In 1962 Bunker wrote a Western-style comic book, Maschera Nera (Black Mask). He went on to create more comics series in collaboration with Magnus (Roberto Raviola) such as Kriminal and Satanik and Maxmagnus. Bunker and Magnus' arguably most successful creative endeavour is Alan Ford. Originally published in May 1969, the series ran for 75 issues. When Editoriale Corno closed in 1984, Bunker founded Max Bunker Press and continued to publish Alan Ford in collaboration with other artists such as Paolo Piffarerio.
Bollman
Bollman or Bollmann is a surname.

People with the surname Bollman include:

Charles Harvey Bollman (1868–1889), American naturalist

Eric Bollman (1769–1821), German physician

Harry Bollman (1902–1984), Australian rules footballer

Jim Bollman (born 1954), American college football coach

Nicole Bollman, South African politician

Ryan Bollman (born 1972),  American film and television actor

Wendel Bollman (1814–1884), American civil engineer

People with the surname Bollmann include:

Albert Bollmann (1889–1959), German footballer

Ernst Bollmann (1899–1974), German politician

Gerd Bollmann (1947–2017), German politician

Gereon Bollmann (born 1953), German politician

Hannelore Bollmann (1925–2023), German film actress

Hendrik Bollmann (born 1982), German politician

Horst Bollmann (1925–2014), German film and television actor

Markus Bollmann (born 1981), German footballer

Jim Bollman
Jim Bollman (born December 1, 1954) is a retired American college football coach and former player. He is the former offensive line coach at Michigan State University,  Prior to that he was the offensive line coach at Boston College from January 2012-February 27, 2013.  Previously, Bollman served as the offensive coordinator and offensive line coach at Ohio State University from 2001 to 2011.
Echo Lake (Montana)
Echo Lake is a small lake in the Flathead Valley in the U.S. state of Montana. It is located five miles from Bigfork and 25 miles from Kalispell. The lake is filled with groundwater and a small amount of mountain runoff from Echo Creek, making it one of the warmest lakes in the Flathead Valley. The lake is next to the Swan Range and the Jewel Basin hiking area. Echo Lake also is connected to two smaller lakes, Abbot Lake and Peterson Lake, by a canal.

Echo Lake is popular among motorboaters because of its warm water. It is very common to see boats and personal watercraft in the summer. The lake is also popular among anglers due to its many coves and large numbers of fish, such as perch, pumpkinseed, largemouth bass, and northern pike.

Much of the lake is surrounded by private lakefront property, including residences.

Perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from Greek: πέρκη, romanized: perke, meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

Many species of freshwater game fish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater-dwelling red drum (which belongs to a different order Acanthuriformes) is often referred to as a "red perch", though by definition perch are freshwater species. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae.

The earliest fossil remains of Perca are known from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine.
Compound of five cubes
The compound of five cubes is one of the five regular polyhedral compounds. It was first described by Edmund Hess in 1876.

Its vertices are those of a regular dodecahedron. Its edges form pentagrams, which are the stellations of the pentagonal faces of the dodecahedron.

It is one of the stellations of the rhombic triacontahedron. Its dual is the compound of five octahedra. It has icosahedral symmetry (Ih).

The compound of five cubes can also be known as a rhombihedron.

Pentagram
A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha, pentangle, or star pentagon) is a regular five-pointed star polygon, formed from the diagonal line segments of a convex (or simple, or non-self-intersecting) regular pentagon. Drawing a circle around the five points creates a similar symbol referred to as the pentacle, which is used widely by Wiccans and in paganism, or as a sign of life and connections.

The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon), from πέντε (pente), "five" + γραμμή (grammē), "line".
The word pentagram refers to just the star and the word pentacle refers to the star within a circle, although there is some overlap in usage. The word pentalpha is a 17th-century revival of a post-classical Greek name of the shape.
Alpha (video game)
Alpha is an adventure game developed and published by Square, released for the PC-8801, PC-9801, FM-7, and Sharp X1 systems in 1986. Alpha uses a text parser to interpret the player's instructions and displays the results on screen.

Sharp X1
The X1 (エックスワン, Ekkusuwan), sometimes called the Sharp X1 or CZ-800C, is a series of home computers released by Sharp Corporation from 1982 to 1987. It is based on a Zilog Z80 CPU.

The RGB display monitor for the X1 had a television tuner, and a computer screen could be superimposed on TV. All the TV functions could be controlled from a computer program. The character font was completely programmable (PCG) with 4-bit color, and was effectively used in many games. The entirety of the VRAM memory was mapped on to the I/O area, so it was controlled without bank switching. These features made the X1 very powerful for game software.
Frederiksgade
Frederiksgade is a street in the Frederiksstaden neighbourhood of central Copenhagen.  It runs east from Store Kongensgade to Toldbodgade on the waterfront, passing the Marble Church, Bredgade and Amaliegade on the way. At the Marble Church the street splits and curves around both sides of the church before rejoining on its other side.

Frederik's Church
Frederik's Church (Danish: Frederiks Kirke), popularly known as The Marble Church (Marmorkirken) for its rococo architecture, is an Evangelical Lutheran church in Copenhagen, Denmark. The church forms the focal point of the Frederiksstaden district; it is located due west of Amalienborg Palace.
Lost Girl (Once Upon a Time)
"Lost Girl" is the second episode of the third season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, and the show's 46th episode overall. It was first broadcast on October 6, 2013. This episode features the core characters continuing to search for Henry (Jared S. Gilmore).

Peter Pan (Robbie Kay) presents Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) with a map of Henry's (Jared S. Gilmore) location, though it can only be successfully used if Emma embraces her true identity. Meanwhile, Mr. Gold (Robert Carlyle) gets some startling advice; and back in fairy-tale land, the Evil Queen (Lana Parrilla) has a tempting offer for Snow White (Ginnifer Goodwin).

The episode—written by Andrew Chambliss and Kalinda Vazquez—received mixed reviews from critics, and was watched by 8.00 million people, achieving a 2.6/7 rating in 18–49 adult viewers.

Robert Carlyle
Robert Carlyle OBE (born 14 April 1961) is a Scottish actor. His film work includes: Trainspotting (1996), The Full Monty (1997), Ravenous and The World Is Not Enough (both 1999), There's Only One Jimmy Grimble (2000), The Beach (2000), The 51st State (2001), Eragon (2006), 28 Weeks Later (2007) and The Legend of Barney Thomson (2015). He has starred in television series such as Hamish Macbeth (1995–1998), Stargate Universe (2009–2011), Once Upon a Time (2011–2018) and COBRA (2020–2023).

He won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for The Full Monty and a Gemini Award for Stargate Universe, and was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work in the miniseries Human Trafficking (2005).

Carlyle also earned plaudits for playing King James I in Gunpowder, Treason & Plot, a BBC miniseries.
Gangneung Yoo clan
Gangneung Yoo clan (Korean: 강릉 유씨; Hanja: 江陵 劉氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their bon-gwan was in Gangneung. According to the research held in 2000, the number of Gangneung Yoo clan was 178913. Their founder was Yoo Jeon who came from the Northern Song dynasty. According to their family tree, Yoo Jeon was an Emperor Gaozu of Han's 41st descendant. Yoo Jeon worked as minister of defense (兵部尚書, Bingbu Shangshu) in the Northern Song dynasty during Emperor Shenzong of Song's reign. However, he was ousted by Wang Anshi because he was a member of old policies party. As a result, he fled Goryeo. Their clans contain Geochang Yoo clan and Baecheon Yoo clan who call themselves one of the descendants of Yoo Jeon.

Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi ([wǎŋ ánʂɨ̌]; Chinese: 王安石; December 8, 1021 – May 21, 1086), courtesy name Jiefu (Chinese: 介甫), was a Chinese economist, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty. He served as chancellor and attempted major and controversial socioeconomic reforms known as the New Policies. These reforms constituted the core concepts of the Song-dynasty Reformists, in contrast to their rivals, the Conservatives, led by the Chancellor Sima Guang.

Wang Anshi's ideas are usually analyzed in terms of the influence the Rites of Zhou or Legalism had on him. His economic reforms included increased currency circulation, breaking up of private monopolies, and early forms of government regulation and social welfare. His military reforms expanded the use of local militias, and his government reforms expanded the education system and attempted to suppress nepotism in government. Although successful for a while, he eventually fell out of favor with the emperor.
William A. Baker
William Avery Baker (born in New Britain, Connecticut on 21 October 1911 – died 9 September 1981) was a distinguished naval architect of replica historic ships and a maritime historian, who was curator of the Francis Russell Hart Nautical Museum at Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1963–1981.

New Britain, Connecticut
New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located approximately 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Hartford. The city is part of the Capitol Planning Region. According to the 2020 Census, the population of the city is 74,135.

Among the southernmost of the communities encompassed within the Hartford-Springfield Knowledge Corridor metropolitan region, New Britain is home to Central Connecticut State University and Charter Oak State College. The city was noted for its industry during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and notable sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places include Walnut Hill Park, developed by the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and Downtown New Britain.

The city's official nickname is the "Hardware City" because of its history as a manufacturing center and as the headquarters of Stanley Black & Decker. Because of its large Polish population, the city is often playfully referred to as "New Britski".
Non-public property
In Canada, non-public property (NPP) (French: Biens non publics; BNP) is created by the National Defence Act (NDA) and includes all money and property received for or administered by or through NPP organizations, and all money and property contributed to or by Canadian Forces members for their collective benefit and welfare. The chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) has overall responsibility under the NDA for NPP. The CEO of the Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services (CFMWS) organization reports to the chief of military personnel (CMP) for the administration of NPP. The chain of command for NPP is the CDS through the CMP and the CFPFSS to officers in command of bases, wings and units.

Effectively, this means that all property held in trust by the Canadian military, though covered by what may be deemed as "public" funds, is "non-public property", and is under the full administrations and protections of the CMP.

Command hierarchy
A command hierarchy or chain of command is a group of people who carry out orders based on others' authority within the group. Certain aspects of a command hierarchy tend to be similar, including rank, unity of command, and strict accountability. Command hierarchies are used in the military and other organizations. Systemic biases may arise in homogenous groups of command.