hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Battle of the Books
"The Battle of the Books" is a short satire written by Jonathan Swift and published as part of the prolegomena to his A Tale of a Tub in 1704. It depicts a literal battle between books in the King's Library (housed in St James's Palace at the time of the writing), as ideas and authors struggle for supremacy. Because of the satire, "The Battle of the Books" has become a term for the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns. It is one of Swift's earliest well-known works.

Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet
Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet (25 April 1628 – 27 January 1699) was an English diplomat, politician and writer. An important diplomat, he was recalled in 1679, and for a brief period was a leading advisor to Charles II of England, with whom he then fell out. Temple subsequently retired to the countryside, and thereafter occupied himself with gardening and writing. He is best remembered today for two aspects of his life after retirement: a passage on the designs of Chinese gardens, written without ever having seen one, and for employing a young Jonathan Swift as his secretary. The first is sometimes given as an early indication of the English landscape garden style, praising irregularity in design.
Hon-Tsubata Station
Hon-Tsubata Station (本津幡駅, Hon-Tsubata-eki) is a railway station on the Nanao Line in the town of Tsubata, Kahoku District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Kahoku District, Ishikawa
Kahoku (河北郡, Kahoku-gun) is a district located in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 62,374 with a density of 476.79 persons per km2. The total area is 130.82 km2.
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 5
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 5 is the nineteenth studio album by American rapper E-40. The album was released on December 10, 2013, by Heavy on the Grind Entertainment. The album features guest appearances from 2 Chainz, Young Bari, Roach Gigz, Iamsu!, Kool John, Gucci Mane, Young Scooter, Z-Ro, Big K.R.I.T., Danny Brown, Schoolboy Q, B-Legit, Mike Marshall, Too Short, Work Dirty, Laroo T.H.H., Stressmatic and J. Banks.

Iamsu!
Sudan Ameer Williams (born November 16, 1989), better known by his stage name Iamsu! (stylized as IamSu! or IAMSU!), is an American rapper and record producer from Richmond, California. He is the co-founder and lead member of the hip-hop group HBK Gang, which was formed in 2008 and joined by fellow Bay Area artists including Kehlani and Sage the Gemini. He is best known for his guest appearances on Sage the Gemini's 2013 single "Gas Pedal" and LoveRance's 2011 single "Up!," both of which peaked within the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100. He signed with Alternative Distribution Alliance to release his debut studio album Sincerely Yours (2014), which moderately entered the Billboard 200 and received mixed reviews.
Ota traditional chiefs
Traditional Chiefs in Ota play a role in maintaining local cultures and traditions in Ota, Nigeria. Many also form the group of Kingmakers who select the traditional ruler, or Oba, of Ota: the Olota of Ota.

Chiefly positions are hereditary. When a traditional chief dies, his or her family lineage performs rites and then meets to determine the new chief. Once one or more candidates are chosen by the family, they are presented to a local group of kingmakers who make the final decision. These local Kingmakers include the Apena of Osugbo Ota, the Odogun of Ota, the Asalu of Ota, the Ojumo of Ota, and the Oloregan of Ota. The procedure for choosing new chiefs is governed by the Chiefs Law of 1957, Section 4(2) of the Customary Law.

All chiefly candidates must be male members of the appropriate ruling houses. Female candidates may be acceptable if there are no qualified male candidates. The Iyalode of Ota is the sole exception, as this title is always held by a woman.

Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents. Through heredity, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.
Robert Gasper
Robert Gasper (born October 1, 1958 in Humboldt, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian luge athlete who competed in doubles luge from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s.

Competing in three Winter Olympics (1988, 1992, 1994), Gasper earned his best finish of eighth (tied with Ukraine) in the men's Luge at the doubles event at Lillehammer, Norway in the 1994 Winter Olympics.

Gasper married Betty Smith in 1988 in Lloydminster, Alberta.  They live in Calgary,  Alberta.
He has one son.

Luge at the 1994 Winter Olympics – Doubles
The Doubles luge competition at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer was held on 18 February, at Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track. Prior to these Games, the International Luge Federation changed the doubles from a men's event to an open event, allowing men and women to race together. However, no women competed in this event during these Games.
History of education in Spain
The history of education in Spain is marked by political struggles and the progress of modern societies. It began in the late Middle Ages, very close to the clergy and the nobility, and during the Renaissance it passed into the domain of a thriving bourgeois class that led an incipient enlightenment in the so-called Age of Enlightenment. The Constitution of 1812 and the drive of the liberals originated the contemporary education.

Freedom of education
Freedom of education is the right for parents to have their children educated in accordance with their religious and other views, allowing groups to be able to educate children without being impeded by the nation state.

Freedom of education is a constitutional (legal) concept that has been included in the European Convention on Human Rights, Protocol 1, Article 2, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Article 13 and several national constitutions, e.g. the Belgian constitution (former article 17, now article 24) and the Dutch constitution (article 23).
Doonbeg
Doonbeg (Irish: An Dún Beag, meaning 'small fort') is a village in west County Clare, Ireland on the Atlantic coast. The surrounding natural environment has supported its development as a tourist resort. The area was officially classified as part of the West Clare Gaeltacht, an Irish-speaking community, until 1956.

Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.
Lomatium thompsonii
Lomatium thompsonii, commonly known as Thompson's desertparsley, is a perennial herb of the family Apiaceae endemic to Chelan and Kittitas County in Washington, United States. It grows in open, rocky slopes and pine forests. Flowers bloom May to June.

Chelan County, Washington
Chelan County (/ʃəˈlæn/, shə-LAN) is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 79,074. The county seat and largest city is Wenatchee. The county was created out of Okanogan and Kittitas Counties on March 13, 1899. It derives its name from a Chelan Indian word meaning "deep water," likely a reference to 55-mile (89 km)-long Lake Chelan, which reaches a maximum depth of 1,486 feet (453 m).

Chelan County is part of the Wenatchee, Washington, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
F. J. Turner High School
F. J. Turner High School is a high school located in the Town of Beloit in Rock County, Wisconsin, and is part of the Beloit Turner School District. The school was named after frontiersman Frederick Jackson Turner. It has 470 students in grades 9 through 12. The school's athletic teams compete in the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association. The mascot is the Turner Trojan.
Their rivals include the Clinton Cougars and the Jefferson Eagles.

Rock County, Wisconsin
Rock County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 163,687. Its county seat is Janesville. Rock County comprises the Janesville–Beloit metropolitan statistical area and is included in the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Solar equator
The solar equator is the latitude on Earth at which the Sun is observed directly overhead at midday. Due to the obliquity of Earth's axis, the solar equator varies during the year, from the Tropic of Capricorn on the December solstice to the Tropic of Cancer on the June solstice. On the day of either equinox, the Sun's position is at the zenith when viewed from the geographic equator. The Sun can never be observed directly overhead from outside of the tropics.

Tropic of Capricorn
The Tropic of Capricorn (or the Southern Tropic) is the circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point at the December (or southern) solstice. It is thus the southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead. It also reaches 90 degrees below the horizon at solar midnight on the June Solstice. Its northern counterpart is the Tropic of Cancer.

The Tropic of Capricorn is one of the five major circles of latitude marked on maps of Earth. Its latitude is currently 23°26′09.2″ (or 23.43589°) south of the Equator, but it is very gradually moving northward, currently at the rate of 0.47 arcseconds, or 15 metres, per year.
James Lynam Molloy
James Lynam Molloy (19 August 1837 – 4 February 1909) was an Irish composer, poet, and author. His songs were praised by his contemporaries; one said that he "will be remembered, or certainly his songs will, long after the 'superior' and so-called 'art-songs' of to-day are forgotten."

Henley-on-Thames
Henley-on-Thames (/ˌhɛnli-/ ⓘ HEN-lee) is a town and civil parish on the River Thames, in the South Oxfordshire district, in Oxfordshire, England, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Reading, 7 miles (11 km) west of Maidenhead, 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Oxford and 37 miles (60 km) west of London (by road), near the tripoint of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire. The population at the 2021 census was 12,186.
Dihmit South
Dihmit South is an Ancient Egyptian amethyst, gold, and possibly copper mine and fortified mining settlement dating to the Middle Kingdom. It is about 50 km south of Aswan. Dihmit South is a part of four Middle Kingdom mines discovered east of Lake Nasser in 2014. The settlement was found with pottery associated with the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, as well as hieroglyphic inscriptions, one of which is dated to year 31 of Senusret I.

Lake Nasser
Lake Nasser (Arabic: بحيرة ناصر Boħeiret Nāṣer, Egyptian Arabic: [boˈħeiɾet ˈnɑːseɾ]) is a large reservoir in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. It was created by the construction of the Aswan High Dam and is one of the largest man-made lakes in the world. Before its creation, the project faced opposition from Sudan as it would encroach on land in the northern part of the country, where many Nubian people lived who would have to be resettled. In the end Sudan's land near the area of Lake Nasser was mostly flooded by the lake.  The lake has become an important economic resource in Egypt, improving agriculture and touting robust fishing and tourism industries.

Strictly speaking, "Lake Nasser" refers only to the much larger portion of the lake that is in Egyptian territory (83% of the total), with the Sudanese preferring to call their smaller body of water Lake Nubia (Egyptian Arabic: بحيرة النوبية Boħēret Nubeya, [boˈħeːɾet nʊˈbejjæ]).
Chyorny Mys
Chyorny Mys (Russian: Чёрный Мыс) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Chyorny Mys, Khabarovsk Krai, a selo in Komsomolsky District of Khabarovsk Krai

Chyorny Mys, Kolyvansky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a village in Kolyvansky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Chyorny Mys, Ubinsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Ubinsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Komsomolsky District, Khabarovsk Krai
Komsomolsky District (Russian: Комсомо́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the krai. The area of the district is 25,167 square kilometers (9,717 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  29,072 (2010 Census); 31,563 (2002 Census); 33,649 (1989 Soviet census).
Chebyshev–Markov–Stieltjes inequalities
In mathematical analysis, the Chebyshev–Markov–Stieltjes inequalities are inequalities related to the problem of moments that were formulated in the 1880s by Pafnuty Chebyshev and proved independently by Andrey Markov and (somewhat later) by Thomas Jan Stieltjes. Informally, they provide sharp bounds on a measure from above and from below in terms of its first moments.

Moment problem
In mathematics, a moment problem arises as the result of trying to invert the mapping that takes a measure  to the sequence of moments

More generally, one may consider

for an arbitrary sequence of functions .
DoubleTap derringer
The DoubleTap derringer is a hammerless, double-action, double-barreled, large caliber derringer designed for personal protection and sold by DoubleTap Defense, LLC. It features stainless steel ported barrels and an aluminum frame that holds two extra rounds in the grip. The name comes from the double tap shooting technique in which two rounds are quickly fired before engaging the next target. Heizer Defense, the original manufacturer, has stated that the gun was inspired by the FP-45 Liberator pistol, which was designed for use in France by the resistance against the Germans during World War II.

Hammerless
A hammerless firearm is a firearm that lacks an exposed hammer or hammer spur. Although it may not literally lack a hammer, it lacks an external hammer that the user can manipulate directly. One of the disadvantages of an exposed hammer spur is the tendency for it to get caught on items such as clothing; covering (shrouding or bobbing) the hammer by removing the hammer spur reduces this from occurring.
Adhesive category
In mathematics, an adhesive category is a category where pushouts of monomorphisms exist and work more or less as they do in the category of sets.  An example of an adhesive category is the category of directed multigraphs, or quivers, and the theory of adhesive categories is important in the theory of graph rewriting.

More precisely, an adhesive category is one where any of the following equivalent conditions hold:

C has all pullbacks, it has pushouts along monomorphisms, and pushout squares of monomorphisms are also pullback squares and are stable under pullback.

C has all pullbacks, it has pushouts along monomorphisms, and the latter are also (bicategorical) pushouts in the bicategory of spans in C.

If C is small, we may equivalently say that C has all pullbacks, has pushouts along monomorphisms, and admits a full embedding into a Grothendieck topos preserving pullbacks and preserving pushouts of monomorphisms.

Span (category theory)
In category theory, a span, roof or correspondence  is a generalization of the notion of relation between two objects of a category. When the category has all pullbacks (and satisfies a small number of other conditions), spans can be considered as morphisms in a category of fractions.

The notion of a span is due to Nobuo Yoneda  (1954) and Jean Bénabou (1967).
NHN Corporation
NHN Corp. is a South Korean IT company that started its business as a game company called Hangame in 1999.

Currently, its main businesses can be categorized as cloud, fin-tech (cross-border e-commerce, payment), entertainment (game, webtoons, music) and advertisement.

Financial technology
Financial technology (abbreviated as fintech) refers to the application of innovative technologies to products and services in the financial industry. This broad term encompasses a wide array of technological advances in financial services, including mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications such as cryptocurrencies. Financial technology companies include both startups and established technology and financial firms that aim to improve, complement, or replace traditional financial services.
Gwen Zamora
Rafaela Gwenah Zamora Likson-Semerád (born August 10, 1990), known professionally as Gwen Zamora, is a Filipina-French actress, model and former dancer in the Philippines. She was previously under GMA Network for six years until switching management to Viva Artists Agency and she now does freelance projects with both ABS-CBN and GMA Network.

Grazilda
Grazilda is a Philippine television drama fantasy romance series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is a loose adaptation on Drizella, the stepsister of Cinderella. Directed by Dominic Zapata, it stars Glaiza de Castro in the title role. It premiered on September 13, 2010 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on January 7, 2011 with a total of 85 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.
2020 PGA Championship field
This page lists the criteria used to determine the field for the 2020 PGA Championship, the first of the men's major golf championships in 2020, and the players who qualified via them. Some criteria were amended after the tournament was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vijay Singh
Vijay Singh CF (Fiji Hindi: विजय सिंह pronounced [ˈʋɪdʒəj sɪ̃ɦ]; born 22 February 1963) is a Fijian professional golfer. In 1982, Singh turned professional and played on the local Asia Golf Circuit. However, his early career met with controversy, as he was accused of numerous rules violations, and he was banned from the AGC. Singh turned to Africa and Europe where he had much success on the respective tours, the Safari Circuit and European Tour, winning several times on each. In 1993, he won the PGA Tour's Buick Classic, earning him tour membership and ultimately Rookie of the Years honors. In 1998, he won his first major championship, the PGA Championship, and two years later the Masters. In 2004, Singh had one of the best seasons in the history of golf, winning nine times including the PGA Championship, overtaking Tiger Woods as the #1 golfer in the world.
Signum University
Signum University is a non-profit, online graduate school based in New Hampshire, granting the degree of Master of Arts in Language and Literature. Its founder and president is Corey Olsen.

Signum's master's degree program has four areas of concentration: Classic Literature, Tolkien Studies, Germanic Philology, and Imaginative Literature. Instruction is done entirely via the Internet, with a combination of the use of webinars, live and pre-recorded lectures, Google Classroom, and Google Groups.

Signum is one of the few universities to offer multiple courses in Tolkien Studies. In addition to founder Corey Olsen, the university also draws from other notable Tolkien scholars such as Tom Shippey, Verlyn Flieger, Douglas A. Anderson, John Garth, Michael D. C. Drout, and Dimitra Fimi.  The Germanic philology program is also robust and growing.

Google Classroom
Google Classroom is a free blended learning platform developed by Google for educational institutions that aims to simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments. The primary purpose of Google Classroom is to streamline the process of sharing files between teachers and students. As of 2021, there are approximately 150 million users of Google Classroom.

Google Classroom uses a variety of proprietary user applications (Google Applications for Education) with the goal of managing student and teacher communication. Students can be invited to join a class through a private code or be imported automatically from a school domain. Each class creates a separate folder in the respective user's Google Drive, where the student can submit work to be graded by a teacher. Teachers can monitor each student's progress by reviewing the revision history of a document, and, after being graded, teachers can return work along with comments and grades.
Chapali Bhadrakali
Chapali Bhadrakali is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Budanilkantha Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 10,827 and had 2,574 households in it.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
Double (association football)
The Double, in association football, is the achievement of winning a country's top tier division and its primary domestic cup competition in the same season. The lists in this article examine this definition of a double, while derivative sections examine much less frequent, continental instances. The Double can also mean beating a team both home and away in the same league season, a feat often noted as doing the double over a particular opponent.

The first club to achieve a double was Preston North End in 1889, winning the FA Cup and The Football League in the inaugural season of the league.

The team that holds the record for the most doubles is Linfield of Northern Ireland, with a total of 25.

South Africa and Trinidad and Tobago are the two countries with the most Double-winning clubs, with 13 clubs each.

Yugoslav Cup
The Yugoslav Cup (Croatian: Pokal Jugoslavije; Serbian: Куп Југославије, romanized: Kup Jugoslavije; Slovene: Pokal Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Куп на Југославија, romanized: Kup na Jugoslavija), officially known between 1923 and 1940 as the King Alexander Cup (Serbian: Куп краља Александра; Croatian: Kup kralja Aleksandra, and between 1947 and 1991 as the Marshal Tito Cup (Serbian: Куп маршала Тита; Croatian: Kup maršala Tita; Slovene: Pokal maršala Tita; Macedonian: Куп на маршал Тито, romanized: Kup na maršal Tito), was one of two major football competitions in Yugoslavia, the other one being the Yugoslav League Championship. The Yugoslav Cup took place after the league championships when every competitive league in Yugoslavia had finished, in order to determine which teams are ranked as their corresponding seeds. The Marshal Tito Cup trophy was based on a design by Branko Šotra.