hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stapleton Island
Stapleton Island is a small (4 ha) island on the northern Great Barrier Reef of Far North Queensland, Australia.  It lies about 40 km off Cape Melville on the east coast of the Cape York Peninsula.  It is important as a nesting site for boobies and terns.

Cape Melville
Cape Melville is a headland on the eastern coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. To its west lies Princess Charlotte Bay. It is part of the Cape Melville National Park. Cape Melville was named Stoney Cape in 1815 by Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys on the HM Kangaroo but later renamed by him as Cape Melville

Pipon Island is about six km north of the cape and Hales Island about two km east, both part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. King Island lies several kilometres to the north west of the cape.  The highest peak on the cape is Abbey Peak, which named in 1901 by Commander Munro. R.N.,  while aboard HMS Dart.

The cape consists of granite outcrops which formed 250 million years ago.
Collins Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Collins Township was a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in the northeast part of what is now Pittsburgh. It included most of the present city east of Lawrenceville, north of Penn Avenue, and south of the Allegheny River. It was formed in 1850 from a northern portion of Peebles Township and was named for Thomas Collins, a prominent lawyer. On June 30, 1868, Collins Township along with the borough of Lawrenceville and the townships of Pitt, Oakland, Liberty, and Peebles were incorporated into Pittsburgh. The former Collins Township became wards 18, 19, and 21 of the expanded city.

Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)
Lawrenceville is one of the largest neighborhood areas in Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located northeast of downtown, and like many of the city's riverfront neighborhoods, it has an industrial past.  The city officially divides Lawrenceville into three neighborhoods, Upper Lawrenceville, Central Lawrenceville, and Lower Lawrenceville, but these distinctions have little practical effect. Accordingly, Lawrenceville is almost universally treated as a single large neighborhood.

In 2019, the Lawrenceville Historic District, which encompasses the majority of the neighborhood, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
1971–72 Essex Senior Football League
The 1971–72 season was the first in the history of Essex Senior Football League, a football competition in England.

The league was formed by nine clubs.

Clubs joined from the Essex and Suffolk Border League:
Heybridge Swifts
Tiptree United
Witham Town

Clubs joined from the Herts Senior County League:
Saffron Walden Town
Stansted

Plus:
Basildon United, joined from the Greater London League
Billericay Town, joined from the Essex Olympian League
Pegasus Athletic
Southend United 'A'

Essex and Suffolk Border Football League
The Essex and Suffolk Border Football League is a football competition in England. The league has a total of four divisions headed by the Premier Division which sits at step 7 (or level 11) of the National League System. The top club may apply for promotion to Division One of the Eastern Counties League.

All member clubs compete in the Border League Knock-Out Cup. The league is affiliated to the Essex County FA and Suffolk County FA.
Jonathan Lowe (cricketer)
Jonathan Paul Lowe (born 13 November 1977) is an English former first-class cricketer and British Army officer.

Lowe was born at Pontefract in November 1977. He was educated at the Queen Elizabeth Grammar School in Wakefield, before going up to Girton College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he played first-class cricket for Cambridge University Cricket Club from 1998 to 2000, making eleven appearances. Playing as a medium pace bowler, he took 8 wickets at an expensive average of 81.75 runs per wicket; his best bowling figures were 2 for 42. After graduating from Cambridge, he attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He graduated in January 2002, entering into the Army Air Corps as a second lieutenant. He gained promotion to captain in June 2004, before being made a major in July 2009. A further promotion to lieutenant colonel followed in June 2017, with Lowe gaining his Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in October 2018.

Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)
The Army Air Corps (AAC) is the aviation arm of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army. Today, there are eight regiments (seven Regular Army and one Reserve) of the AAC, as well as two independent flights and two independent squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations around the world. Regiments and flights are located in the United Kingdom, Kenya, and Canada. Some AAC squadrons provide the air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team, through Joint Aviation Command.
Struga (river)
Struga is a river of Saxony, Germany in northern Upper Lusatia. It is a right tributary of the Spree, which it joins in Neustadt (Spree). It passes through the lignite mining region north of the Nochten opencast mine and is canalized for its whole length. Its basin is marked by past and present mining activities.

The river is a principal landmark of the Schleife region, although it is locally considered only a stream.

Lignite
Lignite (from Latin  lignum 'wood'), often called brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks.
Ostsiedlung in Pomerania
Beginning in the 12th century, on the initiative of monasteries, as well as the local nobility, German settlers began migrating to Pomerania in a process later termed the Ostsiedlung. The local nobles and rulers encouraged the settlement in order to strengthen and consolidate their position and to develop and intensify land use, while the settlers were attracted by the privileges that were granted to them.

Through a process that spanned three hundred years, in western Pomerania the local Slavic population was mostly assimilated, while in the eastern part, Slavic Kashubians and Slovincians held on to their ethnic culture and identity.

Usedom (town)
Usedom (German pronunciation: [ˈuːzədɔm] ⓘ) is a town on Usedom Island, in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, in north-eastern Germany, close to the border with Poland. It is the seat of the Amt  Usedom-Süd, to which 14 other communities also belong.

The whole island of Usedom was named after the town in medieval times.
Thomas Russell (fl. 1417–1433)
Thomas Russell (fl. 1417–1433) of Chichester, Sussex, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Chichester in 1417, for Midhurst in 1419, for Reigate in 1432 and for East Grinstead in 1433.

East Grinstead (UK Parliament constituency)
East Grinstead was a parliamentary constituency in the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. It first existed as a Parliamentary borough from 1307, returning two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons elected by the bloc vote system. The borough was disfranchised under the Reform Act 1832, but the name was revived at the 1885 election when the Redistribution of Seats Act created a new single-member county division of the same name.

Upon its abolition for the 1983 election, its territory was divided between Mid Sussex and Wealden.
Molecular electronic transition
In theoretical chemistry, molecular electronic transitions take place when electrons in a molecule are excited from one energy level to a higher energy level. The energy change associated with this transition provides information on the structure of the molecule and determines many of its properties, such as colour. The relationship between the energy involved in the electronic transition and the frequency of radiation is given by Planck's relation.

HOMO and LUMO
In chemistry, HOMO and LUMO are types of molecular orbitals. The acronyms stand for highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, respectively. HOMO and LUMO are sometimes collectively called the frontier orbitals, such as in the frontier molecular orbital theory.
Montserrat Secondary School
The Montserrat Secondary School, often referred to for short as MSS, is the only  secondary school which also has students younger than 16, on the island of Montserrat. The school's campus is in Salem on the western coast of the island. Prior to 2004 it was responsible for Montserrat's sixth form education (post-16); currently Montserrat Community College (MCC) offers Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations (CAPE) sixth-form classes.

Sixth form college
A sixth form college is an educational institution, where students aged 16 to 19 study typically for advanced post-school level qualifications such as A Levels, Business and Technology Education Council level 3 (BTEC), and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations and BTEC level 2 qualifications. In many countries this type of educational institute is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the phrase 'sixth form college' as the English name for a lycée (high school).
Employee retention
Employee retention is the ability of an organization to retain its employees and ensure sustainability. Employee retention can be represented by a simple statistic (for example, a retention rate of 80% usually indicates that an organization kept 80% of its employees in a given period). Employee retention is also the strategies employers use to try to retain the employees in their workforce.

In a business setting, the goal of employers is usually to decrease employee turnover, thereby decreasing training costs, recruitment costs and loss of talent and of organisational knowledge. Some employers seek "positive turnover" whereby they aim to maintain only those employees whom they consider to be high performers.

Recruitment
Recruitment is the overall process of identifying, sourcing, screening, shortlisting, interviewing, and hiring candidates for jobs (either permanent or temporary) within an organization. Recruitment also is the process involved in choosing people for unpaid roles. Managers, human resource generalists, and recruitment specialists may be tasked with carrying out recruitment, but in some cases, public-sector employment, commercial [recruitment agencies], or specialist search consultancies such as Executive search in the case of more senior roles, are used to undertake parts of the process. Internet-based recruitment is now widespread, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI).
Survilliers-Fosses station
The Survilliers-Fosses station is a French railway station on the Paris–Lille railway line, situated in the commune of Fosses close to Survilliers, in the Val-d'Oise department, in the Île-de-France region.

It is served by the RER D, and is the last stop within Île-de-France, with a separate tarification applying for stops to the North.

In the future, the station will also be served by trains towards Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV station using the new Roissy–Picardie Link, which started construction in 2024 and is planned to open in 2026. The new line will join the main line at Survilliers-Fosses station.

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Faget sign
In medicine, the Faget sign—sometimes called sphygmothermic dissociation—is the unusual pairing of fever with bradycardia (slow pulse). (Fever is usually accompanied by tachycardia (rapid pulse), an association known by the eponym "Liebermeister's rule".) The Faget sign is named after Louisiana physician Jean Charles Faget, who studied yellow fever in Louisiana.

Faget sign is often seen in:

Yellow fever

Typhoid fever

Brain abscess

Tularaemia

Brucellosis

Colorado tick fever

Some pneumonias - Legionella pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumonia

Drug fever (e.g. beta-blockers, known as the Beta-Faget sign)

Of note, the Faget sign in bacterial infections is consistently associated with bacteria that have an intracellular life cycle.

Pulse
In medicine, pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery in response to the cardiac cycle (heartbeat). The pulse may be felt (palpated) in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery or ulnar artery), at the groin (femoral artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery), and on foot (dorsalis pedis artery). The pulse is most commonly measured at the wrist or neck for adults and at the brachial artery (inner upper arm between the shoulder and elbow) for infants and very young children. A sphygmograph is an instrument for measuring the pulse.
Mill Stream
Mill Stream may be:

Castle Mill Stream, Oxford, England

Clewer Mill Stream, Windsor, England

Pevensey Mill Stream, East Sussex, England, source of Sackville Sewer

Mill Stream Nature Reserve, Suffolk, England

The Mill Stream, an 1814 landscape painting by John Constable

The Mill Stream
The Mill Stream is an 1814 landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. It features a view of the mill stream by Willy Lott's Cottage in Flatford in Suffolk and the ferry across it. Constable later used a similar view for one of his best-known works The Hay Wain in 1821.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1814 at Somerset House in London. Today the work is in the collection of Christchurch Mansion overseen by the Colchester and Ipswich Museums Service. The Tate Britain in London has an oil sketch painted in preparation for the painting.
Little Doe River
The Little Doe River is a river located in Carter County, Tennessee. It forms from the confluence of Simerly Creek and Tiger Creek near the community of Tiger Valley, and runs in a northerly direction alongside U.S. Route 19E until its termination into Doe River just south of the town of Hampton, Tennessee.

Carter County, Tennessee
Carter County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 56,356. Its county seat is Elizabethton. The county is named in honor of Landon Carter (1760–1800), an early settler active in the "Lost State of Franklin" 1784-1788 secession from the State of North Carolina. Carter County is part of the Johnson City, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area, located in northeastern Tennessee.
Kuzma (surname)
Kuzma is a Slavic-language surname derived form the given name Kuzma, Cosmas. Notable people with this surname include:

Csaba Kuzma (born 1954), Hungarian boxer

Eddie Kuzma (1911–1996), American auto racing builder

George Kuzma (1925-2008), American Catholic bishop

Kamil Kuzma (born 1988), Slovak footballer

Kim Kuzma, Canadian musician

Kyle Kuzma (born 1995), American basketball player

Marek Kuzma (born 1988), Slovak footballer

Nora Kuzma, birth name  of  Traci Lords, American actress

Stanislovas Kuzma (1947-2012), Lithuanian sculptor

George Kuzma
George Martin Kuzma (July 24, 1925 – December 7, 2008) was an American bishop of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church.

At the age of 29, Kuzma was ordained as a priest. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of Passaic in New Jersey on November 11, 1986. He was later appointed Bishop of Van Nuys in California on October 23, 1990. He retired from the post on December 5, 2000. He was succeeded by Bishop William Skurla.

Kuzma died on December 7, 2008, and is buried in Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
Parish of Blessed Jerzy Popiełuszko (Ełganów)
The Parish of Blessed Jerzy Popiełuszko, Priest and Martyr in Ełganowo is a Roman Catholic parish located in the village of Ełganowo, on Szkolna Street in the municipality of Trąbki Wielkie. It is part of the Trąbki Wielkie deanery in the Archdiocese of Gdańsk.

Archdiocese of Gdańsk
The Archdiocese of Gdańsk (Latin: Gedanen(sis)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Poland. The diocese's episcopal see is Gdańsk.

According to the church statistics Sunday mass attendance was 38.1% in 2013 making it lower than the Polish average of weekly mass attendance (39.1%).

Its Archcathedral Basilica of The Holy Trinity, Blessed Virgin Mary and St Bernard in Gdańsk is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.
Yasny, Orenburg Oblast
Yasny (Russian: Я́сный) is a town in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located 502 kilometers (312 mi) southeast of Orenburg, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  17,363 (2010 Census); 18,545 (2002 Census); 26,587 (1989 Soviet census).

Orenburg Oblast
Orenburg Oblast (also Orenburzhye) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe, with some land in the southern and eastern portions of the oblast falling within Asia. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast in honor of Valery Chkalov. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast had a population of 1,862,767, down from 2,033,072 in the 2010 Census.
Kiggaluk
Kiggaluk was a former Inuit reserved land, with geographic code 99875, adjacent to the southeast corner of the Cree village of Chisasibi, within the Baie-James municipality (south of the 55th parallel and outside the territory of the Kativik Regional Government).

It was mentioned as being part of the Ungava electoral district in the 2001 electoral map (but not in the 2011 electoral map) and as being part of the Abitibi judicial district.  It is shown in some possibly outdated maps.

However, it is not listed in the Répertoire des municipalités of the Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire, nor was it listed in the Canada 2011 Census or the previous two censuses in 2006 and 2001.

The Commission de toponymie du Québec has no reference for the place name of "Kiggaluk" (or "Kigaluk").

There is a "Kigaluk [sic] Landholding Corporation of Chisasibi (Inuit)" among the landholding corporations for the various Inuit communities.

Chisasibi
Chisasibi (Cree: ᒋᓵᓰᐲ, romanized: Cisâsîpî; meaning Great River) is a village and  Cree reserved land (TC) on the eastern shore of James Bay, in Eeyou Istchee, an equivalent territory (ET) in Nord-du-Québec, Canada. It is situated on the south shore of La Grande River (the Grand River), less than 10 km (6.2 mi) from the river's mouth. Chisasibi is one of nine Cree villages in the region, and is a member of the Grand Council of the Crees of Quebec.

The territory surrounding Chisasibi is part of the municipality Eeyou Istchee James Bay, of which parts are jointly managed by the municipalities of the Jamésie TE and the Cree Regional Authority of the Eeyou Istchee TE.

The land area of the town is 491.63 km2 (189.82 sq mi) and the area of the associated Chisasibi Cree village municipality is 825.11 km2 (318.58 sq mi).
Boycotts of Chinese products
There have been campaigns advocating for a boycott of products made in China. Commonly cited reasons for boycotting China include the alleged low quality of products, human rights issues, territorial conflicts involving China, support for separatist movements within China, and objection to more specific matters relating to China, including the government's mismanagement of the COVID-19 pandemic.

There have been calls for a boycott of goods made in China in countries such as India, the Philippines, and Vietnam, as well as separatist movements in China itself. A full boycott of products made in China is considered to be difficult to achieve, as the country manufactures a large number of goods that are widely sold and used across the world, and also holds stakes in various non-Chinese companies.

Territorial disputes of China
The People's Republic of China (PRC) is currently engaged in a number of territorial disputes. A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more political entities.  Many of these disputes are almost identical to those that the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei, also known as Taiwan, has with other countries. Therefore, many of the subsequent resolved disputes made by the PRC after 1949 with other governments may not be recognized by the ROC.
Slurry transport
Slurry transport uses several methods: hydraulic conveying; conventional lean slurry conveying; and high concentration slurry disposal (HCSD).  The latter, HCSD, is a relatively modern approach, which is used to transfer high throughputs of fine fly ash over long distances (>10 km or 6.2 mi) using high pressure diaphragm pumps with velocities of around 2 m/s. Ash disposal is simple as the ash solidifies easily and the system does not produce the waste water or leachate problems which can often be associated with ash lagoons.

Leachate
A leachate is any liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts soluble or suspended solids, or any other component of the material through which it has passed.

Leachate is a widely used term in the environmental sciences where it has the specific meaning of a liquid that has dissolved or entrained environmentally harmful substances that may then enter the environment. It is most commonly used in the context of land-filling of decomposable or industrial waste.

In the narrow environmental context leachate is therefore any liquid material that drains from land or stockpiled material and contains significantly elevated concentrations of undesirable material derived from the material that it has passed through.
South Hams (UK Parliament constituency)
South Hams was a county constituency based on the South Hams district of Devon.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created for the 1983 general election, and abolished for the 1997 general election. The constituency covered a vast part of the English Riviera on the south Devon coast.

Torbay
Torbay /tɔːrˈbeɪ/ is a unitary authority with a borough status in the ceremonial county of Devon, England. It is governed by Torbay Council, based in the town of Torquay, and also includes the towns of Paignton and Brixham. In 2021 it had a population of 139,324. The borough consists of 24.27 sq mi (62.9 km2) of land around the east-facing Tor Bay, part of Lyme Bay on the English Channel.  A popular tourist destination, Torbay's sandy beaches, mild climate and recreational and leisure attractions have given rise to its nickname of the English Riviera. The neighbouring districts are South Hams and Teignbridge.