hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aspin valve
An Aspin valve consists of a cone-shaped metal part fitted to the cylinder head in an internal combustion engine. Aspin valves were first patented by Frank Metcalf Aspin in 1939, although the idea was devised before this time.

The valve rotates to provide the opening and closing necessary for intake and exhaust. It is attached to the engine, vertical to the cylinder block, via a shaft at its top; this allows the valve to rotate horizontally above the cylinder and when it turns. The valve is hollow, and has a large cut-out opening in one side. This alternately allows gases into the combustion chamber, and out to the exhaust system by lining up holes in the valve shaft with the cylinder-head ports which allows the gases to pass.

Engine block
In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure that contains the cylinders and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as coolant passages and oil galleries.

The term "cylinder block" is often used interchangeably with "engine block". However, technically, the block of a modern engine (i.e., multiple cylinders integrated with another component) would be classified as a monobloc.
Art Klein
Arthur Hayes Klein (March 16, 1889 – June 6, 1955) was an American racing driver.

Klein was an aviator and an engineering officer during World War I, stationed in Issoudun, France. After retiring from racing, Klein later became the head of transportation for Warner Brothers studios, working there until his death.

Issoudun Aerodrome
Issoudun Aerodrome was a complex of military airfields in the vicinity of Issoudun, Centre, France.  They were used during World War I as part of the Third Air Instructional Center, American Expeditionary Forces for training United States airmen prior to being sent into combat on the Western Front.

It was at that time the largest air base in the world. Today the entire complex consists of agricultural fields, the military facility totally obscured with no trace of its wartime history.
Miroslav Stojanovski
Miroslav Stojanovski (Macedonian: Мирослав Стојановски; born 10 July 1959) is a Macedonian military officer who holds the rank of lieutenant general and was the longest-serving Chief of General Staff of the Army of the Republic of Macedonia (2005–2011).

In 2013 he was appointed as the Macedonian military attache to NATO and the EU.

Army of North Macedonia
The Army of the Republic of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Армија на Република Северна Македонија, APCM, romanized: Armija na Republika Severna Makedonija, ARSM) is the military of North Macedonia. The army is organized, prepared and trained to conduct armed struggle and combat and other actions to achieve its constitutional function of defending the independence and territorial integrity of North Macedonia. The army consists of the ground forces and the air force, which are further divided into branches and services. The army has a permanent composition and reserve forces. Since 2005, it is a fully professional defense force compatible with NATO standards.
On 27 March 2020, North Macedonia joined NATO as the 30th member.
Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970
The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970 (Act No. 26 of 1970; subsequently renamed the Black States Citizenship Act, 1970 and the National States Citizenship Act, 1970) was a denaturalization law passed during the apartheid era of South Africa that allocated various tribes/nations of black South Africans as citizens of their traditional black tribal "homelands," or Bantustans.

Denaturalization
Denaturalization is the loss of citizenship against the will of the person concerned. Denaturalization is often applied to ethnic minorities and political dissidents. Denaturalization can be a penalty for actions considered criminal by the state, often only for errors in the naturalization process such as fraud. Since the 9/11 attacks, the denaturalization of people accused of terrorism has increased. Because of the right to nationality, recognized by multiple international treaties including Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, denaturalization is often considered a human rights violation.
Steve Liburd
Steve Stuart Wayne Liburd (born 26 February 1985 in Basseterre, St Kitts) is a West Indian cricketer who played in the 2004 U-19 Cricket World Cup in Bangladesh. He plays first-class and List A cricket for the Leeward Islands.

Steve starred in the Stanford 20/20 as captain of St Kitts Tournament held in the Caribbean. In 2007 he was professional at Royton CC in the Central Lancashire League.

Basseterre
Basseterre (/bæsˈtɛər/; Saint Kitts Creole: Bastear) is the capital and largest city of Saint Kitts and Nevis with an estimated population of 14,000 in 2018. Geographically, the Basseterre port is located at 17°18′N 62°44′W﻿ / ﻿17.300°N 62.733°W﻿ / 17.300; -62.733, on the south-western coast of Saint Kitts Island, and it is one of the chief commercial depots of the Leeward Islands. The city lies within Saint George Basseterre Parish.

Basseterre is one of the oldest towns in the Eastern Caribbean.
Grypt
Grypt (stylized as GRYPT) is a multimedia horror-themed dark pop band from Los Angeles, California, best known for their hybridization of music with indie video games and interactive fiction. Described as "sound designers" and "interactive storytellers", they have released a "persistently disturbing" online choose your own adventure text game, horror audio dramas and, in collaboration with Duende Games, a "death simulator" music videogame (in contrast to a music video) entitled Tonight You Die, which was featured in Rock Paper Shotgun, Kill Screen, and selected as a PC Gamer free game of the week. They have also released music on labels Deathbomb Arc, Cleopatra Records, and Tundra Dubs.

Rock Paper Shotgun
Rock Paper Shotgun (also rendered as Rock, Paper, Shotgun) is a British video game journalism website. It was launched in 2007 to focus on PC games and was acquired by Gamer Network, a network of sites led by Eurogamer, in May 2017.
Gila Mountains (Graham County)
The Gila Mountains of Graham County are a mountain range in central-east Arizona. It borders the Gila River and Gila Valley on the valley's northeast in north-central Graham County; also the San Carlos Indian Reservation. The mountain range sits on the southern perimeter of the White Mountains and is located in the southeast area of Arizona's transition zone.

The Gila Mountains lie northwest of Safford, Arizona and the Santa Teresa Mountains lie to the southwest across the Gila Valley. The highest point of the Gila Mountains is Slaughter Mountain at 6,556 feet (1,998 m); the Fishhooks Wilderness is located on the northwest end of the mountain range.

The Safford copper mine is located on the southern flank of the range.

Graham County, Arizona
Graham County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,533, making it the third-least populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Safford.

Graham County composes the Safford, Arizona Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The county is home to several organizations including Eastern Arizona College and the Mount Graham International Observatory, which includes one of the world's largest and most powerful telescopes. Graham County is also home to the Arizona Salsa Trail and the annual Salsa Fest.

Graham County contains part of the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation.
US Navy airships during World War II
The United States Navy proposed to the U.S. Congress the development of a lighter-than-air station program for anti-submarine patrolling of the coast and harbors. This program proposed, in addition to the expansion at Naval Air Station and Lakehurst, the construction of new stations. The original contract was for steel hangars, 960 ft (290 m) long, 328 ft (100 m) wide and 190 ft (58 m) high, helium storage and service, barracks for 228 men, a power plant, landing mat, and a mobile mooring mast.

The Second Deficiency Appropriation Bill for 1941 passed in July 1941, changing the authorization to the construction of eight facilities to accommodate a total of 48 airships (as requested in 1940). Some of these new hangars were built at Lakehurst, Moffett, Weymouth and Weeksville; bases which already had metal hangars.

TC-class blimp
The TC-3 and the TC-7 were the two United States Army Air Corps non-rigid blimps used for parasite fighter trials conducted in 1923–24. A single Sperry Messenger biplane was equipped with a skyhook to engage the temporary trapeze mounted to the control carriage of the blimp itself. The first successful docking was achieved on December 15, 1924. Despite the completely successful results of the program, the Army chose not to develop the concept further. It was the Navy which began the better-known project in 1925 using rigid airships, the USS Los Angeles (ZR-3), the USS Macon (ZRS-5) and the USS Akron (ZRS-4).

Scott Field in St. Clair County, Illinois, had a US Army Lighter-than-Air Base from 1921–1937 for training, including J-class blimps. In 1937, the Army Air Corps ended its airship program and transferred all its LTA material to the Navy, only two blimps were used by the Navy: TC-13 and TC-14.
Cibitung–Cilincing Toll Road
Cibitung-Cilincing Toll Road is a 34-kilometre-long (21 mi) toll road which extends from Cibitung, West Java, to Cilincing, Jakarta in Indonesia. This is one of the toll roads which are part of the Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2. This toll road is expected to reduce the burden of freight and vehicle transportation on the Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road that crosses the Cawang area.

Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2
Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2 (Indonesian: Jalan Tol Lingkar Luar Jakarta 2) or JORR 2 is a controlled-access toll road circling the Greater Jakarta area, running roughly parallel with the Jakarta Outer Ring Road (JORR 1) in Indonesia. This toll road connects Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to Cilincing, crossing Tangerang, South Tangerang, Depok, Bekasi, Bekasi Regency. and North Jakarta. It is expected to be able to relieve the traffic of other toll roads in the Greater Jakarta area.

The length of this toll road is 110 kilometres (68 mi) which is divided into seven sections, being Cengkareng-Kunciran (14.9 km [9.3 mi]), Kunciran-Serpong (11.19 km [6.95 mi]), Serpong-Cinere (10.14 km [6.30 mi]), Cinere-Jagorawi-Cimanggis (14.64 km [9.10 mi]), Cimanggis-Cibitung (25.39 km [15.78 mi]), Cibitung-Cilincing (34 km [21 mi]), and access to Tanjung Priok (16.7 km [10.4 mi]).
Solotvyn
Solotvyn (Ukrainian: Солотвин, Polish: Sołotwina) is a rural settlement in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, 40 km from Ivano-Frankivsk. Solotvyn hosts the administration of Solotvyn settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its estimated population was 3,692 (2022 estimate).

Solotvyn is on the Bystrytsia Solotvynska, the left of the two long headstreams of the Bystrytsia River (a tributary of the Dniester), at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains. In the seventeenth century it was named Krasnopil.

Bystrytsia (Dniester)
The Bystrytsia (Ukrainian: Бистриця; Polish: Bystrzyca) is a river, a right tributary of the Dniester which flows through Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast.

Bystrytsia river is formed by confluence of Bystrytsia Solotvynska and Bystrytsia Nadvirnianska.
Brian Rupp
Brian Rupp (born September 20, 1971) is former baseball player and a coach for the Inland Empire 66ers in the Los Angeles Angels organization, he resides in Florissant, MO with his wife Stacie and son Andrew. His resume also boasts five playoff appearances, two trips to a league final and one championship.

Inland Empire 66ers
The Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Single-A affiliate of the Seattle Mariners. The 66ers are based in San Bernardino, California, and play at San Manuel Stadium.
Chigirin uezd
The Chigirin uezd (Russian: Чигиринский уезд, romanized: Chigirinskiy uyezd; Ukrainian: Чигиринський повіт, romanized: Chyhyryns'kyi povit) was one of the subdivisions of the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Chigirin (Chyhyryn).

Kiev Governorate
Kiev Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire (1796–1917), Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–18; 1918–1921), Ukrainian State (1918), and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1925; part of the Soviet Union since 1922). It included the territory of the right-bank Ukraine and was formed after a division of the Kiev Viceroyalty into Kiev and Little Russia Governorates in 1796. Its capital was in Kiev. By the early 20th century, it consisted of 12 uyezds, 12 cities, 111 miasteczkos and 7344 other settlements. In 1923, it was divided into several okrugs and on 6 June 1925 it was abolished by the Soviet administrative reforms.
Chakravyuha (1978 film)
Chakravyuha is a 1978 Bollywood thriller film directed by Basu Chatterjee with screenplay by Jainendra Jain. The film stars Rajesh Khanna in the lead role, supported by Neetu Singh, Vinod Mehra, Simple Kapadia, Pradeep Kumar, Om Shivpuri, Dina Pathak, Master Raju Shrestha, Yunuz Parvez, Pinchoo Kapoor and others. Upon release, the film became critically acclaimed. This film was co-produced by Rajesh Khanna with Yusuf Hassan.

Om Shivpuri
Om Shivpuri (14 July 1938 – 15 October 1990) was an Indian theatre actor-director and character actor in Hindi films.

A National School of Drama, New Delhi alumnus, Shivpuri became the first chief of the National School of Drama Repertory Company (1964) and one of its actors. He later founded Dishantar, an important theatre group of its era in New Delhi.
Closer Economic Relations
The Australia–New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement, commonly known as Closer Economic Relations (CER), is a free trade agreement between Australia and New Zealand. It came into force on 1 January 1983, but the actual treaty was not signed until 28 March 1983 by the Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and Minister for Trade, Lionel Bowen and the New Zealand High Commissioner to Australia, Laurie Francis in Canberra, Australia. This was because Malcolm Fraser and Robert Muldoon hated each other personally to such an extent that they refused to ratify the agreement if the other was there.

Minister for Trade and Tourism
The Minister for Trade and Tourism is a portfolio in the Government of Australia, falling within the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). The position is currently held by Senator Don Farrell, sworn in as part of the Albanese ministry on 1 June 2022, following the Australian federal election in 2022. The minister is assisted by the Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, held by Matt Thistlethwaite, and the Assistant Minister for Tourism, held by Nita Green.
Emily Arlott
Emily Louise Arlott (born 23 February 1998) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Warwickshire and Birmingham Phoenix. She plays primarily as a right-arm medium-fast bowler. In June 2021, Arlott received her maiden call-up to the England women's cricket team, ahead of their home series against India.

Sunrisers (women's cricket)
Sunrisers were a women's cricket team that represented the London and East region, one of eight regional hubs in English domestic women's cricket. They played their home matches at various grounds, including the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. They were captained by Grace Scrivens and coached by Andy Tennant. The team were partnered with Middlesex, Essex, Northamptonshire, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, Norfolk, Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire, as well as Marylebone Cricket Club.

Sunrisers won their first trophy in 2024, winning the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy. At the end of the 2024 season, following reforms to the structure of women's domestic cricket, the team was effectively replaced by a professionalised Essex team.
Globe of the Great Southwest
The Globe of the Great Southwest is a theater in Odessa, Texas inspired by the Globe Theatre. As well, the complex has a replica of Anne Hathaway's cottage. Both buildings are located on the campus of Odessa College.

The Globe Theatre is a non-profit organization presenting classical and modern plays on an Elizabethan stage. It hosts community theater performances, monthly country-western shows called The Brand New Opree, and other community activities. The nearby Anne Hathaway Library, a replica of the cottage in which Shakespeare's wife lived, houses displays on the life and works of William Shakespeare. Full-time theatre activity began in the fall of 1968.

Globe Theatre
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 at Southwark, close to the south bank of the Thames, by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and stayed open until the  London theatre closures of 1642. As well as plays by Shakespeare, early works by Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker and John Fletcher were first performed here.

A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre.
2021 L'Open 35 de Saint-Malo
The 2021 L'Open 35 de Saint-Malo was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the twenty-sixth edition of the tournament and its first as part of the 2021 edition of the WTA 125K series. It took place in Saint-Malo, France between 3 and 9 May 2021.

Luisa Stefani
Luisa Veras Stefani (born 9 August 1997) is a professional tennis player from Brazil who specializes in doubles. Stefani is the first Brazilian woman to reach the WTA top 10 in the Open era. This milestone for Brazilian tennis was hit on 1 November 2021, when she reached a career-high ranking of world No. 9 in doubles. On 20 May 2019, she reached a singles ranking of No. 431. She had an ITF combined junior ranking of No. 10, on March 2015.

Stefani won the mixed-doubles competition at the 2023 Australian Open with Rafael Matos, becoming the first all Brazilian pair to win a major title. With that, Stefani also became the second Brazilian woman to win any major title—after Maria Bueno—and the first Brazilian woman ever to win a mixed doubles title at the Australian Open. She is also one of two Brazilians to win an Olympic medal for tennis, partnering Laura Pigossi at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics to win bronze in women's doubles.
Aljezur (parish)
Aljezur is a parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Aljezur in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,365, in an area of 166.76 km².

The area consists of Vale da Telha, Arrifana, Espartal, Vales, and Picao de Baixo

Archaeological sites confirm man's presence in the area since prehistoric times, most notably for a period around 4,000 BC and during the Bronze Age. The name Aljezur comes from Aljuzur, the Arabic meaning of Islands. Overlooking the town is a ruin of a Moorish fortress. A visit on the hill and learning about the function and history of this historic monument can be combined with a visit to one of the local museums.

Arrifana (Aljezur)
Arrifana (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐʁiˈfɐnɐ]) is a small parish and fishing village in the Faro District's Aljezur Municipality in the Barlavento Algarvio region of Portugal. It is situated near the border between the Aljezur and Alentejo regions on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean and is within the Costa Vicentina park. Arrifana is located about 6 km from Aljezur.
Ocellularia krathingensis
Ocellularia krathingensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Thailand, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by lichenologists Natsurang Homchantara and Brian J. Coppins. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Khao Khitchakut National Park (Chanthaburi Province). The specific epithet krathingensis refers to the Namtok Krathing fall, which is close to the type locality.

The lichen has a pale greenish grey thallus with a rough to verruculose (warted) texture. Ocellularia krathingensis has been recorded from Eastern and southeastern Thailand at elevation ranges between 85 and 685 m (279 and 2,247 ft). It grows on trees and lianas.

Liana
A liana (/liˈænə/ lee-ANN-ə, also /-ɑːnə/ -⁠AH-nə) is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth—much like tree or shrub. It comes from standard French liane, itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning 'to sheave'.
East Layton, Utah
East Layton is a former city in Davis County, Utah, United States. Adjacent to Layton, it was incorporated in 1936 in order to secure funding for a community water system. East Layton remained a small, steadily growing residential town for decades, becoming a city in 1972. Rapid expansion during the 1970s led to a merger in 1981 with Layton, now Davis County's most populous city and one of the largest in Utah.

Davis County, Utah
Davis County is a county in northern Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 362,679, making it Utah's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Farmington, and its largest city by both population and area is Layton.

Davis County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem, UT Combined Statistical Area.
Richard Powell (civil servant)
Sir Richard Royle Powell, GCB, KBE, CMG (30 July 1909 – 30 March 2006) was an English civil servant. Educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, he spent a year as a research fellow at his college before entering the civil service in 1931 as an official in the Admiralty. During the Second World War, he spelt periods in Canada, the United States and Australia. In 1946, he was moved to the Ministry of Defence; with the exception of a period as deputy secretary at the Admiralty from 1948 to 1950, he remained there until 1959; from 1956 to 1959 he was Permanent Secretary and closely involved in the Suez Crisis. From 1960 to 1968, he was Permanent Secretary to the Board of Trade. He subsequently held a number of directorships in the City of London, including the chairmanships of Albright and Wilson, the Sandoz Group, Wilkinson Match and Alusuisse Ltd; he was president of the Institute for Fiscal Studies from 1970 to 1978.

Sandoz
Sandoz Group AG is a Swiss company that focuses on generic pharmaceuticals and biosimilars. Prior to October 2023, it was part of a division of Novartis that was established in 2003, when Novartis united all of its generics businesses under the name Sandoz. Before this, the company existed as an independent pharmaceutical manufacturer until 1996, when it was merged with Ciba-Geigy to form Novartis. Prior to the merger, it specialized in medicines used in organ transplants, such as Sandimmune, and various antipsychotics and migraine medicines. Its headquarters were in Holzkirchen, Germany and after the spin-off from Novartis, the headquarters moved to Basel, Switzerland, with most of global functions operating from Holzkirchen in Germany, Prague in Czechia, and Barcelona in Spain. Sandoz is the global leader in generic pharmaceuticals and biosimilars.