hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stellar birthline
The stellar birthline is a predicted line on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram that relates the effective temperature and luminosity of  pre-main-sequence stars at the start of their contraction. Prior to this point, the objects are accreting protostars, and are so deeply embedded in the cloud of dust and gas from which they are forming that they radiate only in far infrared and millimeter wavelengths. Once stellar winds disperse this cloud, the star becomes visible as a pre-main-sequence object. The set of locations on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram where these newly visible stars reside is called the birthline, and is found above the main sequence.

The location of the stellar birthline depends in detail on the accretion rate and geometry, i.e. whether or not it is occurring through an accretion disk. This means that the birthline is not an infinitely thin curve, but has a finite thickness in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

Accretion disk
An accretion disk is a structure (often a circumstellar disk) formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body. The central body is most frequently a star. Friction, uneven irradiance, magnetohydrodynamic effects, and other forces induce instabilities causing orbiting material in the disk to spiral inward toward the central body. Gravitational and frictional forces compress and raise the temperature of the material, causing the emission of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency range of that radiation depends on the central object's mass. Accretion disks of young stars and protostars radiate in the infrared; those around neutron stars and black holes in the X-ray part of the spectrum. The study of oscillation modes in accretion disks is referred to as diskoseismology.
John D. Schneider
John D. Schneider (March 1, 1937 – March 2, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician.

He was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 1968, and served until 1970, when he ran for a seat on the Missouri State Senate. Schneider stepped down at the end of his term in 2002 and returned to his private law practice.

Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Schneider received his bachelor's and law degrees from Saint Louis University.
He was married to Mary Schneider, with whom he had four children. He died at his home in Warson Woods, Missouri on March 2, 2017, at the age of 80.

Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and one of the oldest Jesuit universities in the United States. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, SLU had an enrollment of 15,204 students. The student body included 8,502 undergraduate students and 6,702 graduate students that represent all 50 states and 96 countries.  The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

For more than 50 years, the university has maintained the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus in Spain. SLU's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
80th Street station (IND Fulton Street Line)
The 80th Street station (signed as the 80th Street–Hudson Street station) is a local station on the IND Fulton Street Line of the New York City Subway. Located on Liberty Avenue at 80th Street in Ozone Park, Queens, it is served by the A train at all times.

Rail directions
Rail directions are used to describe train directions on rail systems. The terms used may be derived from such sources as compass directions, altitude directions, or other directions. These directions are often specific to system, country, or region.
Nathan Hylden
Nathan Hylden (born 1978 in Fergus Falls, Minnesota) is a contemporary American abstract painter based in Los Angeles, California. He is known for creating abstract paintings exploring philosophical relationships between cause and effect, absence and presence, and emptiness and meaning; as well as for process-oriented artworks that investigate dualities of existence.

Hylden earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts from Minnesota State University in 2001 and Master of Fine Arts from Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles in 2006. He later studied with abstract painter Michael Krebber in Frankfurt, photographer  Christopher Williams, and multimedia artist Richard Hawkins in Los Angeles.

Michael Krebber
Michael Krebber (born 26 April 1954) is a contemporary German painter known for his conceptual approach to painting, often characterized by an emphasis on the medium's limitations, an engagement with art historical references, and a tendency toward minimal gestures. His work is deeply embedded in the discourse of painting's relevance and persistence in contemporary art. Krebber's practice frequently oscillates between production and refusal, challenging conventional artistic expectations.
One Got Fat
One Got Fat is a 1963 American short film about bicycle safety. It is written and directed by The Cowboys author Dale Jennings and narrated by F-Troop and Fractured Fairy Tales star Edward Everett Horton.

F Troop
F Troop is a satirical American television Western sitcom that ran from September 14, 1965 to April 6, 1967, with a total of 65 episodes, airing for two seasons on ABC. The show is about U.S. soldiers and American Indians in the Wild West during the 1860s. The first season of 34 episodes was broadcast in black-and-white and the second season was in color.

The series relied heavily on character-based humor, verbal and visual gags, slapstick, physical comedy, and burlesque comedy. The series played fast and loose with historical events and persons, and often parodied them for comical effect. Some indirect references were made to the culture of the 1960s, such as a "Playbrave Club", a parody of a Playboy Club and two rock and roll bands, one of which performs songs written in the 1960s.
Radio Silence (Talib Kweli album)
Radio Silence is the eighth solo studio album by American rapper Talib Kweli. It was released on November 17, 2017, through Javotti Media, marking his fifth album for the label. The album was produced by J. Rhodes, Abjo, J. LBS, Kaytranada, Lord Quest, Mr. Carmack, Oh No, Quincy Tones, Robert Glasper, Samuel Truth, and the Alchemist. It features guest appearances from Yummy Bingham, Amber Coffman, Anderson .Paak, Bilal, BJ the Chicago Kid, Datcha, Jay Electronica, Myka 9, Rick Ross, Robert Glasper, and Waka Flocka Flame.

The album was preceded by four promotional audio releases: "Let It Roll", "She's My Hero", "Heads Up Eyes Open" featuring Rick Ross and Yummy Bingham, and "Traveling Light" featuring Anderson .Paak. "Heads Up Eyes Open" saw a video release prior to the album's release date while the video for "Traveling Light" was released on November 17.

Myka 9
Michael Lafayette Troy (born January 15, 1969), better known by his stage name Myka 9, is a rapper from Los Angeles, California. He is a member of Freestyle Fellowship, Haiku d'Etat and Magic Heart Genies. Known for years as Mikah Nine, he changed the spelling to Myka Nyne with the release of A Work in Progress in 2003. Since Magic Heart Genies' album Heartifact in 2008, he has been credited as Myka 9.
East Carrizo Creek
East Carrizo Creek rises in Las Animas County, Colorado north of Mt. Carrizo and east of Kim, Colorado, and flows generally southeast before turning south.  It joins with West Carrizo Creek at a point about 6 miles north of the Preston Monument to form North Carrizo Creek.  North Carrizo Creek then flows generally south-southeast into Oklahoma to join the Cimarron River northeast of Kenton, Oklahoma.

East Carrizo Creek flows through Carrizo Canyon, a small canyon located within the Comanche National Grassland that is dotted with juniper and cottonwood trees, and along which American Indian petroglyphs can be found.  The location includes a hiking trail and a picnic area.

Kim, Colorado
Kim is a Statutory Town in Las Animas County, Colorado, United States. The population was 63 at the time of the 2020 United States census.

The town was named after the novel Kim by Rudyard Kipling.

As of 2014, the town included a complete school system (grades K-12), a post office, and a general store.
Julieta Paredes
Julieta Paredes Carvajal (born c. 1967) is an Aymara Bolivian poet, singer-songwriter, writer, graffiti artist, anarchist and decolonial feminist activist. In 2003 she began Mujeres creando comunidad (women creating community) out of the activism of community feminism.

Decoloniality
Decoloniality (Spanish: decolonialidad) is a school of thought that aims to delink from Eurocentric knowledge hierarchies and ways of being in the world in order to enable other forms of existence on Earth. It critiques the perceived universality of Western knowledge and the superiority of Western culture, including the systems and institutions that reinforce such perceptions. Decolonial perspectives understand colonialism as the basis for the everyday function of capitalist modernity and of imperialism.: 168-174

Decoloniality emerged as part of a South America movement examining the role of the European colonization of the Americas in establishing Eurocentric modernity/coloniality — according to Aníbal Quijano (1928-2018), who defined the term and its reach.
Chucks Nwoko
Afraik Kaejtan "Chucks" Nwoko (born 21 November 1978) is a former professional footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a midfielder. Born in Nigeria, he represented the Malta national team. He is the under-19 coach for Maltese First Division side Balzan Youths.

Balzan F.C.
Balzan Football Club is a Maltese professional football club from the village of Balzan that competes in the Maltese Challenge League, the second tier of Maltese football. The club was founded as Balzan Youths in 1937 and played in the top division between 2010 and 2025. They were renamed Balzan FC in June 2012.

Balzan has qualified for the UEFA Europa League for five consecutive seasons (2015–16 to 2019–20). The club finished as runners-up in the Maltese Premier League in the 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons and were finalists of the 2015–16 Maltese FA Trophy, which they lost on penalties to Sliema Wanderers after a goalless draw in the regular time. In May 2019, the club finally won its first major honour, the 2018–19 Maltese FA Trophy, after defeating Valletta on penalties in the final.
1986 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1986 Tour of the Basque Country was the 26th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 7 April to 11 April 1986. The race started in Antzuola and finished in Andoain. The race was won by Sean Kelly of the Kas team.

Andoain
Andoain is a town in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the North of Spain. Nowadays it has a population of 14,637 inhabitants (2019), which has been quite stable since the 90s.

Andoain is located where the Oria River meets the Leitzaran river, next to the mountains Belkoain and Buruntza. Andoain is recognized by its green areas surrounding the rivers, which are dense forests, very suitable for hiking and biking (Leizaran Valley).
Chandrapura, Buxar, Bihar
Chandrapura is a census village in Buxar district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated near banks of the Ganga river Nanijor. Chandrapura is a village located in Brahmpur block. It has a total of 766 families residing in it and a population of 5259 people as per government records.

Buxar district
Buxar district is one of the 38 districts of Bihar, India. Located in the southwestern part of the state, it is a primarily agricultural district. The district headquarters is at the town of Buxar. Buxar district was carved out from Bhojpur district on 17 March 1991.Buxar district is in South western Bihar.
José Francisco Fuentes
José Francisco Fuentes Esperón (c. 1966 – September 6, 2009) was a Mexican politician. At the time of his death he was a candidate for the Tabasco state legislature with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who lived in the state capital Villahermosa. He was also a former rector of the Universidad Tecnológica de Tabasco.

On September 6, 2009, Fuentes was shot dead by home invaders at his home in the state capital, Villahermosa. His body, along with those of his wife and two sons, were found inside their home in Villahermosa by relatives.

Candidate
A candidate, or nominee, is a prospective recipient of an award or honor, or a person seeking or being considered for some kind of position. For example, one can be a candidate for membership in a group or election to an office, in which case a candidate selection occurs.

"Nomination" is part of the process of selecting a candidate for either election to an office by a political party, or the bestowing of an honor or award. This person is called a "nominee", though "nominee" is often used interchangeably with "candidate". A presumptive nominee is a person or organization whose nomination is considered inevitable or highly likely. The phenomenon of being a candidate in a race for either a party nomination or for electoral office is called "candidacy". The term "presumptive candidate" may be used to describe someone who is predicted to be a formal candidate.
Elbert B. Watson
Elbert B. Watson (1879-1963), commonly known as E.B. Watson, was an architect based in Norfolk, Nebraska.

Several of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places for their architecture.

He was born November 7, 1879, in Iowa City, Iowa. He studied at Iowa State University, in Ames, Iowa. He died February 19, 1963.

Works include:

Norfolk Municipal Airport Administration Building, Norfolk, Moderne style, NRHP-listed

Norfolk Municipal Auditorium (1939–40)

Koenigstein Block and Granada Theater (1927)

Three schools in the area of Norfolk

Athletic Park Band Shell in Plainview, Nebraska, NRHP-listed

Knox County Courthouse in Center, Nebraska, NRHP-listed

Rock County Courthouse in Bassett, Nebraska, NRHP-listed

The practice absorbed the business of Norfolk architect James C. Stitt.

Moderne architecture
Moderne architecture, also sometimes referred to as Style Moderne, Art Moderne, or simply Moderne, Jazz Age Moderne, jazz modern or Jazz Style, describes certain styles of architecture popular from 1925 through the 1940s. It is closely related to Art Deco.
Thomas J. Serafin
Thomas J. Serafin is an American lay Roman Catholic author and Christian relics advocate, collector and expert.

Serafin is the founder of the International Crusade for Holy Relics and Saints Alive, which was the first internet website on the propagating the cultus of relics. He is also President and CEO of the Apostolate for Holy Relics (AHR), a non-profit tax-exempt 501C3 organization. The AHR is the first officially sanctioned Catholic lay apostolate of its kind. He wrote Relics -The Forgotten Sacramental and contributed the article on relics to the Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions.

For his devotion to the proper veneration of relics and for his teaching of the faithful he was awarded the honor of being Knighted "Chevalier" in the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa, Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Michael of the Wing, and Officer in the Order of the Dragon of Annam.

Cult (religious practice)
Cult is the care (Latin: cultus) owed to deities or saints and their temples, shrines, or churches; cult is embodied in ritual and ceremony. Its presence or former presence is made concrete in temples, shrines and churches, and cult images, including votive offerings at votive sites.
Santa Maria Odigitria al Tritone
Santa Maria Odigitria al Tritone ("Saint Mary Hodegetria at the Via Tritone"), sometimes Santa Maria dei Siciliani ("Saint Mary of Sicilians") or Santa Maria in Costantinopoli ("Saint Mary in Constantinople"), is a Roman Catholic church in Rome, located at civico 82 on via del Tritone in the Colonna district.

Sicilians
Sicilians (Sicilian: Siciliani) are an Italian ethnographic group who are native to Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean, as well as the largest and most populous of the autonomous regions of Italy.
Rajputi poshak
A Rajputi poshak is a traditional full-body attire associated with Rajputs, specifically the Rajputs of Rajasthan, India. It is typically worn by Rajput women and includes four pieces, Ghagra, odhani, kaanchli and futai.

Rajput Woman in a  traditional rajput attire performing Ghoomar

Women performing Ghoomar in traditional attire

Lehenga
The lehenga, lehnga or langa (also known as a ghagra, chaniyo, Paro, paavada, or lacha) is a form of ankle-length skirt from the Indian subcontinent. Different patterns and styles of traditional embroidery are used to decorate lehenga. Gota patti embroidery is often used for festivals and weddings. The lehenga, also known as the ghagra, is a traditional Indian garment that became popular in the 16th century, mainly in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The lehenga became a favorite attire for Mughal women of all ages and classes due to its royal appeal and convenience. The lehenga is sometimes worn as the lower portion of a gagra choli or langa voni. Ghagra in Hindi (also ghagro in Konknni), was also used to refer to the half slip or petticoat, a skirt worn as an undergarment below the sari.
Poul Popiel
Poul Peter Popiel (born February 28, 1943) is a Danish-American former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) and World Hockey Association (WHA), and also served as a head coach in the minor leagues. Following a brief 12 games in the International Hockey League (IHL) with the Muskegon Mohawks, he retired and became the head coach. Popiel and Garry Peters were co-winners of the inaugural Ken McKenzie Trophy as Central Professional Hockey League rookies of the year in 1963-64. His younger brother Jan Popiel is also a former professional hockey player.

Popiel was the first Danish-born player in the National Hockey League. Popiel's family moved to Canada in 1951 when he was a child, and subsequently moved to the United States and he acquired American citizenship before making his NHL debut.

Central Hockey League (1963–1984)
The Central Professional Hockey League was a minor professional ice hockey league that operated in the United States from 1963 to 1984. Named the Central Hockey League for the 1968–69 season and forward, it was owned and operated by the National Hockey League and served as a successor to the Eastern Professional Hockey League, which had folded after the 1962–63 season.  Four of the CHL's initial franchises were, in fact, relocations of the previous year's EPHL teams, while the fifth came from the International Hockey League. Its founding president was Jack Adams, who served in the role until his death in 1968. The CHL's championship trophy was called the Adams Cup in his honor.
Whangaehu River
The Whangaehu River is a large river in the central North Island of New Zealand. Its headwaters are the crater lake of Mount Ruapehu on the central plateau, and it flows into the Tasman Sea eight kilometres southeast of Whanganui. Due to the high acidity of the water coming from the crater lake, water is not diverted from the headwaters for the Tongariro Power Scheme. Instead, it bypasses the Waihianoa Aqueduct via a ford.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development (Zimbabwe)
The Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development is a government ministry focused on education in Zimbabwe and is responsible for universities, polytechnics and colleges in Zimbabwe. The incumbent minister is Frederick Shava.

It oversees:

National Council for Higher Education

Universities and colleges in Zimbabwe

Former ministers include:

Amon Murwira 2 December 2017 – 15 October 2024

Jonathan Moyo 6 July 2015 – 27 November 2017

Oppah Muchinguri December 2014 – 6 July 2015

Olivia Muchena 10 September 2013 – 9 December 2014

Stan Mudenge 16 April 2005 – 4 October 2012

Herbert Murerwa 9 February 2004 – 16 April 2005

Olivia Muchena
Olivia Nyembezi Muchena (born 18 August 1946) is a Zimbabwean politician and the former Minister of Higher Education in the Cabinet of Zimbabwe. She has also served as the Minister of Science and Technology Development and as the Minister of Women's Affairs.
WGNM
WGNM (channel 45) is a religious television station in Macon, Georgia, United States, owned and operated by the Christian Television Network (CTN). The station's studios are located on Steven Drive in northwestern Macon, and its transmitter is located on GA 87/US 23/US 129 ALT (Golden Isles Highway), along the Twiggs–Bibb county line.

Bibb County, Georgia
Bibb County is located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 157,346. Bibb County is geographically located in the Central Georgia (Middle Georgia) region, and is the largest county in the Macon metropolitan area (metropolitan statistical area).

Bibb County has a consolidated city-county government following a merger of the county with its county seat and largest city, Macon, in 2014. They were later joined in this consolidated government in 2015 by the county's only other municipality, Payne City.
Southern Ndebele people
Southern Ndebele people, also known in English by their endonym AmaNdebele, are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa who speak Southern Ndebele language (isiNdebele).

The group is separate from the Northern Ndebele who broke away from the Zulu  during Shaka's time. The Southern Ndebele people mainly inhabit the South African provinces of Mpumalanga, Gauteng and Limpopo in the middle-northeast of the South Africa.
In academia this ethnic group is referred to as the Southern Ndebele to differentiate it from their relatives, the Northern Ndebele people, of the historical Matabeleland of Zimbabwe and the adjoining northernmost South African provinces of Limpopo and North West.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
Zvi Nir
Tzvika Nir (Hebrew: צביקה ניר; born 14 August 1946) is an Israeli writer, poet, lawyer and former politician. He briefly served as a member of the Knesset in 1996 and is currently chairman of the Hebrew Writers Association in Israel.

1992 Israeli legislative election
Elections for the 13th Knesset were held in Israel on 23 June 1992. The election resulted in the formation of a Labor government, led by Yitzhak Rabin, helped by the failure of several small right wing parties to pass the electoral threshold. Voter turnout was 77%.