hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Watson (artist)
Robert Watson (28 February 1923 – 14 December 2004) was an American artist born in Martinez, California.  Watson provided the cover art for Ray Bradbury's The Martian Chronicles, second edition, printed in 1953.

Robert Watson was mostly self-taught artist. In the early 1940s he spent several years in New York City studying work at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He also studied with Frederick Taubes at the University of Wisconsin before relocating to Berkeley, California.

In 1947, he held his first exhibition at Gump's in San Francisco. The show was favorably reviewed by San Francisco Chronicle Art Critic Alfred Frankenstein. In 1953, he painted the cover art for the 1953 edition of Ray Bradbury's The Martian Chronicles.

On May 17, 1997, Watson had a 50-year retrospective show at the Weinstein Gallery in San Francisco, California.  Mayor Willie Brown proclaimed that day "Robert Watson Day".

Watson died at the age of 81 in Poway, California after a brief struggle with cancer.

Martinez, California
Martinez (Spanish: Martínez) is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, United States, in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait, the city's population was 37,287 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Californio ranchero Ygnacio Martínez, having been founded on his Rancho El Pinole. Martinez is known for its historic center and its waterfront.
Szarłaty
Szarłaty [ʂarˈwatɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sorkwity, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Sorkwity, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Mrągowo, and 41 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Mrągowo
Mrągowo [mrɔŋˈɡɔvɔ] (until 1947 Polish: Ządźbork [ˈʐɔɲd͡ʑbɔrk]; German: Sensburg [ˈzɛnsbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a resort town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship of northeastern Poland, with 20,399 inhabitants (2025). It is the capital of Mrągowo County and the seat (though not part of) the Gmina Mrągowo. The town is located in the ethnographic region of Masuria, within the Masurian Lake District, about 60 km (37 mi) east of Olsztyn.

It is situated on the shores of lakes Czos, Sutapie Małe, Sołtysko, Czarne, Juno and Piecuch.
Mountain Meadow Preserve
Mountain Meadow Preserve is a 180-acre (73 ha) open space preserve located in the Berkshires and Green Mountains of northwest Massachusetts and adjacent Vermont in the towns of Williamstown and Pownal. The property, acquired in 1998 by the  land conservation non-profit organization The Trustees of Reservations, includes highland meadows, wetlands, forested hills, and 4 miles (6.4 km) of trails.

Located on Mason Hill (a sub-peak of The Dome), the preserve is open to hiking, cross-country skiing, and similar passive pursuits. Views from the property include Mount Greylock and the Taconic Mountains to the west. Trailheads are located on Mason Road in Williamstown and White Oaks Road in Pownal.

Green Mountains
The Green Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Vermont and are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains. The range runs primarily south to north and extends approximately 250 miles (400 km) from the border with Massachusetts to the border with Quebec, Canada. The part of the same range that is in Massachusetts and Connecticut is known as the Berkshires or the Berkshire Hills (with the Connecticut portion, mostly in Litchfield County, locally called the Northwest Hills or Litchfield Hills) and the Quebec portion is called the Sutton Mountains, or Monts Sutton in French.

All mountains in Vermont are often referred to as the "Green Mountains". However, other ranges within Vermont, including the Taconic Mountains in southwestern Vermont and the Northeastern Highlands, are not geologically part of the Green Mountains.
Kosmos 2418
Kosmos 2418 (Russian: Космос 2418 meaning Cosmos 2418) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2005 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2417 and Kosmos 2419.

This satellite is a GLONASS-M satellite, also known as Uragan-M. It was assigned GLONASS-M №13L number by the manufacturer and 713 by the Ground Control.

Kosmos 2417 / 2418 / 2419 were launched from Site 81/24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 05:07 UTC on 25 December 2005. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the International Designator 2005-050B. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 28916.

It was the third orbital plane in orbital slot 24. It is no longer in the GLONASS constellation.

Proton-K
The Proton-K, also designated Proton 8K82K after its GRAU index or SL-12 after its model number, was a Russian, previously Soviet, carrier rocket derived from the earlier Proton. It was built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81/23, 81/24, 200/39 and 200/40 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

The maiden flight on 10 March 1967 carried a Soyuz 7K-L1 as part of the Zond program. During the so-called Moon Race these Proton/Soyuz/Zond flights consisted of several uncrewed test flights of Soyuz spacecraft to highly elliptical or circumlunar orbits with the unrealized aim of landing Soviet cosmonauts on the Moon.

It was retired from service in favour of the modernised Proton-M, making its 310th and final launch on 30 March 2012.
Graham Thurgood
Graham Thurgood (Chinese: 杜冠明; pinyin: Dù Guānmíng) is an American retired professor of linguistics at California State University, Chico.

Thurgood graduated with a Ph.D. in linguistics from University of California, Berkeley, where he studied under James Matisoff.

Thurgood's areas of specialization include tonogenesis, historical linguistics, language contact, and second language acquisition. Thurgood has reconstructed Chamic (Austronesian), the Hlai languages (Kra-Dai and Kam-Sui), and parts of Tibeto-Burman (Sino-Tibetan).

Thurgood's tone work includes the reconstruction of tone in Chamic, internal reconstruction of tone in Jiamao, and a substantial article on tonogenesis in general.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.
Georgina Cook
Georgina Cook is a British photographer, artist and writer based in South London.

Cook is from Streatham, London. She is known primarily for her music work but also for her use of gritty urban street elements as the subtext to what she documents.

She is behind Drumz Of The South; a blog relating to London's underground music cultures, grime and dubstep. In 2005, she was interviewed for a BBC Radio 1 video documentary on dubstep in Brixton.

Cook contributes her photographs to music and arts publications such as XLR8R, The Wire, Time Out, BBC Radio 1, The Daily Telegraph, The Society for Curious Thought, Qvest Edition and The Village Voice. Her images have been used for CD and vinyl releases including Dubstep Allstars Vol. 2 mixed by DJ Youngsta (Tempa), Burial's Untrue (Hyperdub) and Steppas' Delight (Soul Jazz Records).

Streatham
Streatham (/ˈstrɛt.əm/ STRET-əm) is a district in south London in England that lies five miles (eight kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It falls mostly within the London Borough of Lambeth, with some parts extending westward into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth.

Streatham formed part of Surrey before becoming part of the County of London in 1889, and then of Greater London in 1965.

The London Plan identifies the area as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Markku Takala
Markku Takala (born May 2, 1972) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey centre.

Takala played in the SM-liiga for Kiekko-Espoo and Lukko. He also played in the British Ice Hockey Superleague for the Newcastle Cobras and the Elite Ice Hockey League for the Basingstoke Bison as well as in Norway for the Sparta Warriors and Furuset Ishockey.

Basingstoke Bison
The Basingstoke Bison are an English Ice Hockey club from Basingstoke. They currently compete in the  NIHL National League and have previously been members of the Ice Hockey Superleague and its successor the Elite Ice Hockey League.
Kirk Callwood
Kirk Callwood (born November 15, 1973) was the Commissioner of the Virgin Islands Department of Finance from June 2019 to October 2020. He currently serves as the Associate Managing Director for the Virgin Islands Economic Development Authority.

Callwood was appointed Commissioner of Finance by Virgin Islands Governor Albert Bryan Jr., with the advice and consent of the Virgin Islands Senate. He resigned in October 2020, after he granted unauthorized stipends to some of his staff, out of his department's budget.

Legislature of the Virgin Islands
The Legislature of the United States Virgin Islands is the territorial legislature of the United States Virgin Islands. The legislative branch of the unincorporated U.S. territory is unicameral, with a single house consisting of 15 senators, elected to two-year terms without term limits. The legislature meets in Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas.
Christian, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg
Christian, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg (12 August 1688 at Dillenburg Castle – 28 August 1739 in Straßebersbach, now part of Dietzhölztal) was the last ruler (i.e. Fürst) of Nassau-Dillenburg from the line that had started in 1606 with George, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg.

County of Nassau
The County of Nassau was a German state within the Holy Roman Empire from the period of the formal recognition of the countly title in 1159 (though "de facto" sovereignty began in 1125) until the declaration of the Duchy of Nassau in 1806 with the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine. Through succession, it had many counts ruling parts of it, mostly or completely independent of one another. After many of these counts were promoted to princely status, the County was promoted and thus was known as a Princely County or as the Principality of Nassau.
Filipino TV
Filipino TV (FTV) is a Canadian exempt Category B Tagalog language specialty channel and is owned by Ethnic Channels Group (ECG). It broadcasts news and public affairs from the Philippines and locally produce Canadian content on a daily basis.

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Wedding ring cushion
A wedding ring cushion or ring bearer pillow is a small pillow on which the wedding rings are carried in a traditional Western white wedding.  They are frequently carried by a junior member of the bridal party known as the ringbearer frequently a younger male relative or friend.

During the process, the ringbearer carries the rings on the pillow down the aisle to the officiant.

Wedding ring cushions are generally small, ornate pillows that reflect the wedding's colors or white silk pillows.  In less traditional Western weddings they can be whimsical or thematic containers that reflect the couple's personal tastes, or re-use fabrics with sentimental significance, such as a wedding or baptismal gown. The pillow itself may be passed along to other family members for their weddings.

Page boy (wedding attendant)
A page boy is a young male attendant at a wedding or a cotillion (a social dance). They are, in effect, the young male equivalents of bridesmaids, taking part in the bridal party and assisting with tasks during the ceremony. Traditionally, page boys carry the bride's train, especially if she is wearing a dress with a long train. Because of the difficulty of managing a train, page boys are generally no younger than seven, with older boys preferred for more complicated duties.

Page boys often include young relatives or friends' children in the wedding party. In a formal wedding, the ring bearer is a page boy who carries the wedding rings, often symbolically on a wedding ring cushion. The real rings are typically kept by the best man for safekeeping. If the real rings are used, they are usually tacked on with thread to prevent loss.

Pages are often seen at British royal weddings, such as the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2011.
Ngol
Ngol, or Dance de Gaulle, was a syncretic messianic sect that emerged in northern Moyen-Congo around 1950. The cult organized itself copying the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the mission churches. The name ngol was derived from Charles de Gaulle and the Kikongo word 'ngolo' (meaning 'power').

In a few months it had spread across Moyen-Congo and to southern Gabon. The ngol movement gathered many Bakongo youth, in revolt against tribal elders. The leaders of the movement were jailed or exiled for engaging in violence, and the movement soon ebbed out. Moreover, the use of the name of de Gaulle caused confusion as he was identified with the French authorities.

Kongo language
Kongo or Kikongo is one of the Bantu languages spoken by the Kongo people living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Angola. It is a tonal language. The vast majority of present-day speakers live in Africa. There are roughly seven million native speakers of Kongo in the above-named countries. An estimated five million more speakers use it as a second language.

Historically, it was spoken by many of those Africans who for centuries were taken captive, transported across the Atlantic,  and sold as slaves in the Americas. For this reason, creolized forms of the language are found in ritual speech of Afro-American religions, especially in Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Suriname. It is also one of the sources of the Gullah language, which formed in the Low Country and Sea Islands of the United States Southeast, and a major source of the Palenquero language of Colombia.
Stadtwerkstatt
The Stadtwerkstatt is an open event and project house in Linz. Founded in 1979 by young activists, it is the city's oldest autonomous cultural center. In addition to several music events each week, other cultural and artistic events are also held regularly. Three different associations operate in the Stadtwerkstatt building: the Friedhofstr 6 association (vulgo Stadtwerkstatt) with its Cafe Strom, art projects and events departments, as well as the non-commercial radio station Radio FRO and the net art and culture initiative servus.at.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
Pabung Syam
Pabung Syam is a 2021 Manipuri documentary film directed by Haobam Paban Kumar. It is produced by Films Division of India. The film was selected in the non-feature section of the Indian Panorama at the 52nd International Film Festival of India 2021. It won the Best Biographical Film award at the 68th National Film Awards.

Pabung Syam got selection at the 17th Mumbai International Film Festival for Documentary, Short Fiction and Animation films (MIFF) 2022. The film was also screened at the 8th International Film Festival of Shimla 2022 and at the Sangai Film Festival 2022, which was organised as a part of the Manipur Sangai Festival.

68th National Film Awards
The 68th National Film Awards ceremony was an event during which the Directorate of Film Festivals presented its annual National Film Awards to honour the best films of 2020 in Indian cinema. The awards ceremony was originally slated to be held on 3 May 2021 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The winners were declared on 22 July 2022, and the awards were presented on 30 September 2022.
Chair of the BBC
The Chair of the BBC, referred to as Chairman when the incumbent is male and Chairwoman when female, is the head of the BBC Board, responsible for maintaining the independence of the BBC and overseeing the functioning of the BBC to fulfil its mission. The chair leads the process for appointing the Director-General and can dismiss the Director-General. The chair of the BBC also acts as the corporation's most senior representative to Parliament and the government, including the devolved administrations.

The chair is formally appointed by the King-in-Council, on the advice of the Secretary of State for a four-year term. The current chairman, Dr Samir Shah, succeeded chairwoman Dame Elan Closs Stephens on 4 March 2024.

Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
The secretary of state for culture, media and sport, also referred to as the culture secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for strategy and policy across the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. The office has been dubbed "Minister of Fun".
Fancy Bermudez
Fancy Bermudez Chavez (born 27 May 2002) is a Canadian rugby union player. She competed for the Canadian sevens team at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens, and made her international debut for the fifteens team in 2023. She won a silver medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

South Africa women's national rugby union team
The South Africa women's national rugby union team represents South Africa in women's international rugby union and is governed by the South African Rugby Union. They have appeared in five World Cups since their debut in the 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup.
Henry Paull
Henry Paull (1824–1898) was a British Conservative Party politician, and barrister.

The son of Archibald Paull of Devonshire Place, Paull entered Middle Temple in 1845, and was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of Middlesex in 1859.

With Liberal-Conservative principles, Paull was elected Conservative MP for St Ives at the 1857 general election and held the seat until 1868 when he stood down.

Devonshire Place
Devonshire Place is a street in the City of Westminster, that runs from Marylebone Road in the north to Devonshire Street in the south. A number of literary and society figures have lived in the street. At the north of the street is The London Clinic, one of England's largest private hospitals.
Rasskazovo (inhabited locality)
Rasskazovo (Russian: Рассказово) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Rasskazovo, a town in Tambov Oblast

Rural localities

Rasskazovo, Republic of Mordovia, a settlement in Semileysky Selsoviet of Kochkurovsky District in the Republic of Mordovia; 53°57′N 45°22′E﻿ / ﻿53.950°N 45.367°E﻿ / 53.950; 45.367

Rasskazovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Karasuksky District of Novosibirsk Oblast; 53°40′N 77°55′E﻿ / ﻿53.667°N 77.917°E﻿ / 53.667; 77.917

Rasskazovo, Primorsky Krai, a selo in Khankaysky District of Primorsky Krai

Rasskazovo, Tver Oblast, a village in Kholmetskoye Rural Settlement of Oleninsky District in Tver Oblast

Mordovia
Mordovia (/mɔːrˈdoʊvɪə/ mor-DOH-vee-ə), officially the Republic of Mordovia, is a republic of Russia, situated in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Saransk. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the republic was 834,755. Ethnic Russians (53.1%) and Mordvins (39.8%) account for the majority of the population.
Eden Castle
Eden Castle is a castle near Banff in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

The castle was built in the latter half of the 16th century by the Meldrum family with renovation and additional building carried out by George Leslie from 1676.  From 1712, the castle was owned by William Duff, the Earl of Fife.  Although largely ruined today, it formed a z-plan towerhouse with two towers at diagonally opposite corners of the main block.

The site has been designated a scheduled monument.

Earl of Fife
The Earl of Fife or Mormaer of Fife was the ruler of the province of Fife in medieval Scotland, which encompassed the modern counties of Fife and Kinross.  Due to their royal ancestry, the earls of Fife were the highest ranking nobles in the realm, and had the right to crown the king of Scots.

Held by the MacDuff family until it passed by resignation to the Stewarts, the earldom ended on the forfeiture and execution of Murdoch Stewart in 1425. The earldom  was revived in 1759 with the style of Earl Fife for William Duff, a descendant of the MacDuffs. His great-great-grandson, the 6th Earl Fife, was made Earl of Fife in 1885 and Duke of Fife in 1889.
William Mathews (cricketer)
William Mathews (born 23 March 1793 at Crondall, Hampshire; died 20 August 1858 at Woodbridge, Suffolk) was an English professional cricketer who played from 1821 to 1830. He was mainly associated with Surrey and made 31 known appearances.

Mathews took part in the Gentlemen v Players matches between 1824 and 1830, usually representing the Players, but in 1825, he was a given man for the Gentlemen. He played for England in the 1827 roundarm trial matches and was one of the signatories to the petition after the second game that called upon the authorities to ban roundarm.

Glossary of cricket terms
This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket).

Cricket is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game.
Maquinna
Maquinna (also transliterated Muquinna, Macuina, Maquilla from m̓ukʷina in Nuu-chah-nulth) was the chief of the Nuu-chah-nulth people of Nootka Sound, during the heyday of the maritime fur trade in the 1780s and 1790s on the Pacific Northwest Coast. The name means "possessor of pebbles". His people are today known as the Mowachaht and reside today with their kin, the Muchalaht, at Gold River, British Columbia, Canada.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.