hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Atlanta (1861)
Atlanta was a casemate ironclad that served in the Confederate and Union Navies during the American Civil War. She was converted from a British-built blockade runner named Fingal by the Confederacy after she made one run to Savannah, Georgia. After several failed attempts to attack Union blockaders, the ship was captured by two Union monitors in 1863 when she ran aground. Atlanta was floated off, repaired, and rearmed, serving in the Union Navy for the rest of the war. She spent most of her time deployed on the James River supporting Union forces there. The ship was decommissioned in 1865 and placed in reserve. Several years after the end of the war, Atlanta was sold to Haiti, but was lost at sea in December 1869 on her delivery voyage.

Casemate ironclad
The casemate ironclad was a type of iron or iron-armored gunboat briefly used in the American Civil War by both the Confederate States Navy and the Union Navy.  Unlike a monitor-type ironclad which carried its armament encased in a separate armored gun deck/turret, the casemate design exhibited a single (often sloped) structure, or armored citadel, on the main deck housing the entire gun battery. As the guns were carried on the top of the ship yet still fired through fixed gunports, the casemate ironclad is seen as an intermediate stage between the traditional broadside frigate and modern warships.  The guns were protected, but had limited maneuverability and range of fire.
Vickers Vampire
The Vickers F.B.26 Vampire was a British single-seat pusher biplane fighter built by Vickers during the First World War.

Four were built by Vickers at Bexleyheath, one of these was subsequently modified to become the F.B.26A.

Vickers
Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 1867, acquired more businesses, and began branching out into military hardware and shipbuilding.

In 1911, the company expanded into aircraft manufacture and opened a flying school. They expanded even further into electrical and railway manufacturing, and in 1928 acquired an interest in the Supermarine.

Beginning in the 1960s, various parts of the company were nationalised, and in 1999 the rest of the company was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc, which sold the defence arm to Alvis plc. The Vickers name lived on in Alvis Vickers, until the latter was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 to form BAE Systems Land Systems.
Ahn Gyu-back
Ahn Gyu-back (Korean: 안규백; born 29 April 1961) is a South Korean politician who has served as the minister of national defense since 2025. A member of the Democratic Party of Korea (DPK), he has been a member of the National Assembly for Dongdaemun, Seoul, since 2012, and previously served as a party list member from 2008 to 2012. Ahn is the first civilian defense minister in 64 years and the fifth civilian defense minister since 1948.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
David Vadim
David Vadim (Ukrainian: Девід Вадим; born March 28, 1972) is a Ukrainian-American actor who appeared in the movies Air Force One, Exit Wounds, G.I. Jane and Punisher: War Zone. He is a former boxing champion and has performed on stage off-Broadway, and on various tours throughout the country. He has recently worked on the TV shows Allegiance and Daredevil.

Exit Wounds
Exit Wounds is a 2001 American action comedy film directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, produced by Joel Silver, and starring Steven Seagal, DMX, Isaiah Washington, Anthony Anderson, Michael Jai White, Bill Duke, Tom Arnold and Jill Hennessy. Seagal plays Orin Boyd, a Detroit police detective notorious for pushing the limits of the law in his quest for justice. The screenplay is based on a novel of the same name by John Westermann.

This is the second of three films directed by Bartkowiak and produced by Silver that focus on martial arts-based action in an urban setting with a hip-hop soundtrack, following Romeo Must Die (2000) and preceding Cradle 2 the Grave (2003). The three films feature many of the same cast, key crew, and locations.

The film received mixed reviews from critics. It grossed $79.9 million worldwide against a budget of between $25 million and $33 million.
Ilija, Slovakia
Ilija (German: Sankt Egidien, rarely Ilia; Hungarian: Illés, until 1891 Illia) is a village and municipality in Banská Štiavnica District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.

In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1266 as Ecclesia Sancti Egidii. Until the 16th century, it belonged to the Sitno Castle, which together with its possessions belonged to the Balassa family as of 1548 and which passed to the Koháry family in 1629.

Banská Štiavnica District
Banská Štiavnica District (Slovak: okres Banská Štiavnica; Hungarian: Selmecbányai járás) is a district in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia. Until 1920, most of the present-day district belonged to the county of Kingdom of Hungary of Hont, apart from Močiar and Podhorie in the north (Tekov) and Kozelník in the east (Zvolen county).
Achilles Gray
Achilles Gray (7 January 1864 – 2 July 1954) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Wedderburn to American-born grazier Joshua Rogers Gray and Eliza Ferguson Donald. He worked on the family property, but also worked as a veterinary surgeon. Around 1884 he married Sarah Crisp, with whom he had four daughters and one son called Meleager Gray.

Gray served on Korong Shire Council from 1901 to 1946, and was president five times (1908–1910, 1912–1913, 1925–1926, 1934–1935, 1940–1941). At a by-election in June 1914, he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Korong. He was re-elected at the state election in November 1914, but was defeated in 1917. He died in Inglewood in 1954.

Shire of Korong
The Shire of Korong was a local government area about 75 kilometres (47 mi) west-northwest of Bendigo, in western Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 238.5 square kilometres (92.1 sq mi), and existed from 1862 until 1995.
Southern emerald toucanet
The southern emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus albivitta) is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in montane regions of Colombia, Ecuador, western Venezuela, Peru and northern Bolivia.

Near passerine
Near passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) owing to morphological and ecological similarities; the group corresponds to some extent with the Anomalogonatae of Alfred Henry Garrod.
Redcliffe Gardens
Redcliffe Gardens is a primary road, the A3220 located in the Chelsea area of southwest central London, England (postcode SW10). It was a development dated from 1864 to 1878.

Redcliffe Gardens runs southeast through Redcliffe Square as part of a one-way traffic system centred on Earl's Court. To the east is The Boltons. It runs parallel to the Finborough Road taking traffic north through a junction with Lillie Road (left), and Old Brompton Road (right), where it continues into Warwick Road, Earl's Court. At its southeast end, Redcliffe Gardens meets Fulham Road, with Edith Grove directly ahead. To the southwest is Brompton Cemetery.

The street was previously home to Redcliffe School's prep school.

The man "who blew his mind out in a car" in The Beatles lyrics of "A Day in the Life" died in a car accident on 18 December 1966 in Redcliffe Gardens.

One-way traffic
One-way traffic (or uni-directional traffic) is traffic that moves in a single direction.  A one-way street is a street either facilitating only one-way traffic, or designed to direct vehicles to move in one direction.  One-way streets typically result in higher traffic flow as drivers may avoid encountering oncoming traffic or turns through oncoming traffic.  Residents may dislike one-way streets due to the circuitous route required to get to a specific destination, and the potential for higher speeds adversely affecting pedestrian safety.  Some studies even challenge the original motivation for one-way streets, in that the circuitous routes negate the claimed higher speeds.
Julie McElrath
Dr. Juliana McElrath (born January 9, 1951) is an American physician-scientist and HIV researcher. She serves as senior vice president and director of the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and is a professor at the University of Washington.

McElrath established an international human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine laboratory. Her research focuses on HIV vaccine development, investigating the relationship between HIV and the immune system, and has received support from the National Institutes of Health as well as the Gates Foundation.

HIV vaccine development
An HIV vaccine is a potential vaccine that could be either a preventive vaccine or a therapeutic vaccine, which means it would either protect individuals from being infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals. It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccination approach) or consist of preformed antibodies against HIV (passive vaccination approach).

Two active vaccine regimens, studied in the RV 144 and Imbokodo trials, showed they can prevent HIV in some individuals; however, the protection was in relatively few individuals, and was not long lasting. For these reasons, no HIV vaccines have been licensed for the market yet. A challenge in developing a vaccine is that the HIV virus generates mutations faster than any other virus.
Lobos Island (Rio Negro)
Lobos (Spanish: Isla de Lobos, pronounced [ˈizla ðe ˈloβos]) is a big island in Uruguay, at the confluence of Negro River (Spanish: Río Negro) and Uruguay River. Politically it belongs to Rio Negro department. Until the 19th century, the island was three separate islets, the largest of which was known as Vizcaíno.

Lobos and Vizcaino Island were the debarkation site of the first bovine herd in the Eastern margin of the Uruguay River. In 1611, Hernando Arias de Saavedra (Hernandarias) left heifers and bulls for breeding, and repeated the action in 1617. These herds rapidly propagated originating Uruguay present export quality rodeo. It also had an important role in the foundation of Villa Soriano, the first European settlement in Uruguay.

Río Negro Department
Río Negro Department (Spanish: Departamento de Río Negro, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo]) is a department of the northwestern region of Uruguay. It has an area of 9,282 km2 (3,584 sq mi) and a population of 57,334. Its capital is Fray Bentos. It borders Paysandú Department to the north, Tacuarembó Department to the east, Durazno Department to the southeast, Soriano Department to the south and has the Río Uruguay flowing at its west, separating it from Argentina.
Fuping County, Hebei
Fuping (Chinese: 阜平; pinyin: Fùpíng) is a county of west-central Hebei province, China, bordering Wutai County, Shanxi to the west. It is the westernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Baoding, and is 93 km (58 mi) north-northwest of Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital. As of 2021, it had a population of 190,540 residing in an area of 2,497 km2 (964 sq mi).

Wutai County
Wutai County (Chinese: 五台县; pinyin: Wǔtái Xiàn) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xinzhou, in the northeast of Shanxi Province, China, bordering Hebei province to the east. It is named after Mount Wutai, which is located within its borders. It was the birthplace of Chinese Warlord and General Yan Xishan. The county spans an area of 2,865 square kilometers, and has a permanent population of 307,200 as of 2018.
Dolno Prahovo
Dolno Prahovo (Bulgarian: Долно Прахово) is a village in Ardino Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern-central Bulgaria.  It is located 189.762 kilometres (117.913 mi) from Sofia. It covers an area of 2.2223 square kilometres and as of 2007 had a population of 125 people.

Kardzhali Province
41°39′N 25°22′E﻿ / ﻿41.650°N 25.367°E﻿ / 41.650; 25.367

Kardzhali Province  (Bulgarian: Област Кърджали, romanized: Oblast Kărdžali) is a province of southern Bulgaria, neighbouring Greece with the Greek regional units of Xanthi, Rhodope, and Evros to the south and east. It is 3,209.1 km2 in area. Its main city is Kardzhali. It is Bulgaria's southernmost province.
Phoon Kok Kwang
Phoon Kok Kwang (Chinese: 方國光; pinyin: Fāng Guóguāng) is a Singaporean civil engineer, currently president of Singapore University of Technology and Design, formerly senior Vice Provost (Academic Affairs) at National University of Singapore and is the founding editor-in-chief of the Taylor & Francis journal Georisk. He is also a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers. He was also previously the Kwang-Hua Professor at Tongji University.

In 2017, Phoon received the Humboldt Prize.

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Les Belges dans l'Afrique Centrale
Les Belges dans l'Afrique Centrale. Voyages, aventures et découvertes d'après les documents et journaux d'explorateurs is a travel account composed of three volumes about the early years of the colonization of the Congo basin by Léopold II, which was published several times as both books and instalments between 1884 and 1893. The first volume was written by Adolphe Burdo (1849-1891) and subtitled De Zanzibar au Lac Tanganika. The second and third were written by Charles de Martrin-Donos (1857-1904) and subtitled Le Congo et ses affluents. The volumes were written to "popularize and glorify the civilizing African enterprise, and the Belgians who took part in it".

Adolphe Burdo
Adolphe Marie Louis Burdo (born 31 January 1849 in Liège; died, probably also in Liège, at an unknown date) was a Belgian officer, writer and traveller.

Adolphe Marie Louis Burdo was an officer in the Belgian Army. During the 1870s, he travelled in western Africa, making a journey from Dakar to the Niger and Benue rivers. By 1879, he was back in Belgium. In November of the same year, he received permission from King Leopold II during an to audience to go to Congo, and subsequently associated himself with the International African Association. He left Brussels in December the same year as a volunteer with the association, and spent almost two years in present-day Tanzania before returning to Belgium. He wrote several books about his travels in Africa, and together with Charles de Martrin–Donos he authored a three-volume work on Belgian exploration in Congo. He was a member of the Société Royale Belge de Géographie.
Mehmedović
Mehmedović is a Bosnian surname meaning "son of Mehmed". Notable people with the surname include:

Ersin Mehmedović (born 1981), Serbian footballer

Damir Mehmedovic (born 1997), Austrian footballer

Hatidža Mehmedović (1952–2018), Bosnian human rights activist

Majda Mehmedović (born 1990), Montenegrin handball player

Sasha Mehmedovic (born 1985), Canadian judoka

Zehrudin Mehmedović (born 1998), Serbian footballer

Mehmed
Mehmed or Mehmet is the most common Turkish form of the Arabic male name Muhammad (Arabic: محمد) (Muhammed and Muhammet are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. Originally the intermediary vowels in the Arabic Muhammad were completed with an e in adaptation to Turkish phonotactics, which spelled Mehemmed, Mehemed and the name lost the central e over time. Final devoicing of d to t is a regular process in Turkish. The prophet himself is referred to in Turkish using the archaic version, Muhammet. In Azerbaijani it is Məhəmməd.

The name Mehmet also often appears in derived compound names. The name is also prevalent in former Ottoman territories, particularly among Balkan Muslims in Albania, Bosnia and Kosovo. The name is also commonly used in Turkish culture in the form of Mehmetçik, meaning little Mehmet, for unranked soldiers.
1992 Australian Capital Territory electoral system referendum
The 1992 Australian Capital Territory electoral system referendum was a referendum held on 15 February 1992, asking voters in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) to choose their electoral system. The referendum took place alongside the 1992 ACT election.

Voters were asked to choose between the proportional Hare–Clark system (a form of single transferable voting) or Alternative Voting (single-member electorates using ranked voting). The winning option would replace the list PR system using d'Hondt, which had been introduced at the 1989 election).

By a comfortable margin, voters chose Hare–Clark, which came into effect at the 1995 ACT election. A second referendum, also held in 1995, saw voters support entrenching the principles of Hare–Clark.

1989 Australian Capital Territory election
The 1989 Australian Capital Territory election was held on 4 March 1989 to elect the 1st Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. This was the first direct election by voters in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) for their power legislative body.

The Labor Party, led by Rosemary Follett, and the Liberal Party, led by Trevor Kaine, were the main challengers. Candidates were elected to fill seats using modified d'Hondt electoral system for a multi-member single (at-large) constituency.

The result was a hung parliament. However, Labor, with the largest representation in the 17-member unicameral Assembly, formed Government with the support of various non-aligned minor parties. Follett was elected the first Chief Minister at the first sitting of the first Assembly on 11 May 1989.
1969 Cup of the Alps
1969 Coppa delle Alpi shows the results of the 1969 tournament that was held in Switzerland in the preseason 1969/70. The Coppa delle Alpi (translated as Cup of the Alps) was a football tournament, first organized by the Italian national league to start the season 1960/61 and then they aided by the Swiss League after 1962. This competition ran from 1960 until 1987.

Most of the games in the 1969 competition were played in Switzerland, three were played in Hof, one in Rüsselsheim. The teams taking part were Lausanne Sports, Zürich, Basel and Biel-Bienne. From Belgium K.S.V. Waregem were qualified and from Italy were Bologna, Hellas Verona, Sampdoria and Napoli. Qualified from Germany were Alemannia Aachen, Eintracht Frankfurt  and Bayern Hof.  Two teams from each country were divided into each of the two groups. Teams did not play compatriots; Waregem did not play Eintracht.

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
Sexuality in older age
Sexuality in older age concerns the sexual drive, sexual activity, interests, orientation, intimacy, self-esteem, behaviors, and overall sexuality of people in middle age and old age, and the social perceptions concerning sexuality in older age. Older people engage in a variety of sexual acts from time to time for a variety of reasons. Desire for intimacy does not disappear with age, yet there are many restrictions placed on the elderly preventing sexual expressions and discouraging the fulfillment of sexual needs. Sexuality in older age is often considered a taboo, yet it is considered to be quite a healthy practice; however, this stigma can affect how older individuals experience their sexuality. While the human body has some limits on the maximum age for reproduction, sexual activity can be performed or experienced well into the later years of life.

Middle age
Middle age  (or middle adulthood) is the age range of the years halfway between young adulthood and old age. The exact range is subject to public debate, but the term is commonly used to denote the age range from 45 to 60 years.
Penzberg
Penzberg (German pronunciation: [ˈpɛntsˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Benschberg) is a city (although some see it as a town) in the Weilheim-Schongau district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located about 50 km south of Munich, and had a population of around 17,000 in 2020. A historic coal mining town, Penzberg today is known for its pharmaceutical industries.

Central Bavarian
Central or Middle Bavarian form a subgroup of Bavarian dialects in large parts of Austria and the Free State of Bavaria along the Danube river, on the northern side of the Eastern Alps. They are spoken in the 'Old Bavarian' regions of Upper Bavaria (with Munich), Lower Bavaria and in the adjacent parts of the Upper Palatinate region around Regensburg, in Upper and Lower Austria, in Vienna (see Viennese German), in the state of Salzburg, as well as in the northern and eastern parts of Styria and Burgenland. Before 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans, it was also spoken in Hungary and southern Bohemia and Moravia.
It also influenced Austrian German.
River of the dead
River of the dead may indicate:

Imjin River, nicknamed river of the dead because large numbers of dead North Koreans have floated down it

a location in The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild

River of the Dead (Barbara Nadel), a novel by Barbara Nadel

Barbara Nadel
Barbara Nadel is an English crime and historical fiction author and former healthcare professional. She is best known for her Inspector İkmen series of novels set in Istanbul, Turkey, and her Francis Hancock series set in the East End of London. She has also written the Hakim and Arnold and the Ten Bells Street series, the latter under the pen name Mary Collins.