hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bila Tserkva massacre
The Bila Tserkva massacre was the mass murder of Jews, committed by the Nazi German Einsatzgruppe with the aid of Ukrainian auxiliaries, in Bila Tserkva, Soviet Ukraine, on August 21–22, 1941. When the Jewish adult population of Bila Tserkva was killed, several functionaries complained that some 90 Jewish children were left behind in an abandoned building, and had to be executed separately. The soldiers reported the matter to four chaplains of the Heer, who passed along their protests to Field Marshal von Reichenau; it was the only time during World War II that Wehrmacht chaplains tried to prevent an Einsatzgruppen massacre, but Paul Blobel's verbal order was direct and decisive.

Nazism and the Wehrmacht
The relationship between the Wehrmacht (from 1935 to 1945 the regular combined armed forces of Nazi Germany) and the Nazi Party which ruled Germany has been the subject of an extensive historiographical debate.

After the Nazis came to power, they sought to control all aspects of civil society and the state, including the military. Historically, the German armed forces had operated with a great deal of autonomy, which was steadily eroded until they were under the direct control of the Nazis.

Following the war, many former Nazis denied and downplayed the extensive war crimes committed by the Wehrmacht and its complicity in the Holocaust. This is referred to as the myth of the clean Wehrmacht.
Lawrence Rabiner
Lawrence R. Rabiner (born 28 September 1943) is an American electrical engineer. He worked in the fields of digital signal processing and speech processing, in particular in digital signal processing for automatic speech recognition. He worked on systems for AT&T Corporation for speech recognition.

He is a Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Rutgers University.

AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corporation, an abbreviation of its former name, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, was an American telecommunications company that provided voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

During the Bell System's long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telecommunications company, the world's largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people and its revenue ranged between US$3 billion in 1950 ($42.6 billion in present-day terms) and $12 billion in 1966 ($120 billion in present-day terms).

In 2005, AT&T was acquired by "Baby Bell" and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion ($25.8 billion in present-day terms). SBC then changed its name to AT&T Inc., with AT&T Corporation continuing to exist as a long-distance calling subsidiary until its dissolution on May 1, 2024.
Underhill Flats, Vermont
Underhill Flats is an unincorporated village and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Underhill and Jericho, Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in northeastern Chittenden County, in the western part of the town of Underhill and the northern part of the town of Jericho. It sits in the valley of The Creek where it flows into the Browns River, which forms the southern border of the CDP. The Browns River is a west- and north-flowing tributary of the Lamoille River, in turn a tributary of Lake Champlain.

Vermont Route 15 passes through Underhill Flats, leading north 11 miles (18 km) to Cambridge and southwest 3 miles (5 km) to Jericho. Underhill Center is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the southeast via River Road, and Burlington, the state's largest city, is 17 miles (27 km) to the west-southwest.

Browns River (Vermont)
The Browns River is an approximately 20-mile (32 km) waterway in northern Vermont. It is a tributary of the Lamoille River.

The mouth of the river is in Fairfax (at 44°39′36″N 73°01′08″W﻿ / ﻿44.66000°N 73.01889°W﻿ / 44.66000; -73.01889﻿ (Browns River mouth)). 
The source of the river is on the western slopes of Mount Mansfield in Underhill (at 44°32′03″N 72°49′54″W﻿ / ﻿44.53417°N 72.83167°W﻿ / 44.53417; -72.83167﻿ (Browns River source)).

The river flows west from Mount Mansfield, through Underhill State Park to the town of Jericho. Continuing west, it enters the town of Essex and turns north near the village of Essex Center. It passes through the town of Westford and reaches its mouth in the southwestern corner of the town of Fairfax, where it empties into the Lamoille River.
Frankfurt-Sindlingen station
Frankfurt-Sindlingen station is a suburban station on the network of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn in the district of Sindlingen in the German city of Frankfurt. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

German railway station categories
The approximately 5,400 railway stations in Germany that are owned and operated by the Deutsche Bahn subsidiary DB InfraGO are divided into seven categories, denoting the service level available at the station.

This categorisation influences the amount of money railway companies need to pay to DB Station&Service for using the facilities at the stations.
Zeuthen strategy
The Zeuthen strategy in cognitive science is a negotiation strategy used by some artificial agents. Its purpose is to measure the willingness to risk conflict. An agent will be more willing to risk conflict if it does not have much to lose in case that the negotiation fails. In contrast, an agent is less willing to risk conflict when it has more to lose. The value of a deal is expressed in its utility. An agent has much to lose when the difference between the utility of its current proposal and the conflict deal is high.

When both agents use the monotonic concession protocol, the Zeuthen strategy leads them to agree upon a deal in the negotiation set. This set consists of all conflict free deals, which are individually rational and Pareto optimal, and the conflict deal, which maximizes the Nash product.

The strategy was introduced in 1930 by the Danish economist Frederik Zeuthen.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Bulingtar Rural Municipality
Bulingtar is a Rural municipality located within the Nawalpur District of the Gandaki Province of Nepal.
The rural municipality spans 147.68 square kilometres (57.02 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 19,122 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Bulingtar, Kotathar, Dadajheri Tadi, Arkhala, part of Jaubari and Bharatipur VDCs were merged to form Bulingtar Rural Municipality.
Bulingtar is divided into 6 wards, with Bulingtar VDC declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Gandaki Province
Gandaki Province (Nepali: गण्डकी  प्रदेश, romanized: Gaṇḍakī pradēśa ([ɡʌɳɖʌki]) Listenⓘ) is one of the seven federal provinces established by the current constitution of Nepal which was promulgated on 20 September 2015. Pokhara is the province's capital city. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region in Southwestern China to the north, Bagmati Province to the east, Karnali Province to the west, and Lumbini Province and Bihar in India to the south. The total area of the province is 21,504 km2 (8,303 sq mi), constituting 14.57% of Nepal's total area. According to the 2021 census, the population of the province was 2,479,745. The newly elected Provincial Assembly adopted Gandaki Province as the permanent name, replacing its initial name Province No. 4 on 27 April 2023. Surendra Raj Pandey is the present chief minister of Gandaki Province.
Earl Ashby
Earl Randolph Ashby Powbett (born May 16, 1921) is a Cuban former professional baseball catcher and outfielder in the Negro leagues. He played professionally from 1945 to 1950. Ashby played with the Cleveland Buckeyes, Birmingham Black Barons, Homestead Grays, New York Cubans and the Newark Eagles. He also played in the Provincial League in 1950 with the Drummondville Cubs and the St. Jean Braves.

In June 1955, Ashby Powbett was released from his contract due to "disciplinary reasons". In July, he was a material witness to a manslaughter case in Rochester, New York.

Birmingham Black Barons
The Birmingham Black Barons were a Negro league baseball team that played from 1920 until 1960, including 18 seasons recognized as Major League by Major League Baseball. They shared their home field of Rickwood Field in Birmingham, Alabama, with the white Birmingham Barons, usually drawing larger crowds and equal press.
Wenecja, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Wenecja (pronounced [vɛˈnɛt͡sja] ⓘ; Polish for "Venice") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Morąg, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Morąg, 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Ostróda, and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ostróda
Ostróda [ɔsˈtruda] (German: Osterode in Ostpreußenⓘ; Old Prussian: Austrāti) is a town in northern Poland, in the ethnocultural region of Masuria. It is the seat of the Ostróda County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and has approximately 33,191 inhabitants (2009).

Ostróda is the largest town in the western part of Masuria, and the second largest in all of Masuria after Ełk.
La Pobla de Mafumet
La Pobla de Mafumet (Old Catalan for 'Muhammad's settlement'; Catalan pronunciation: [lə ˈpobːlə ðə məfuˈmɛt]) is a small town in the comarca of the Tarragonès, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia Autonomous Community, Spain. It has a population of 4,115 (register office, 2024) .

Province of Tarragona
Tarragona (Spanish: [taraˈɣona]; Catalan: [tərəˈɣonə]) is a province of eastern Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. It is bordered by the provinces of Castellón, Teruel, Zaragoza, Lleida and Barcelona and by the Mediterranean Sea.

The province's population is 795,902 (2018), about one fifth of whom live in the capital, Tarragona. Some of the larger cities and towns in Tarragona province include Reus, Salou, El Vendrell, Tortosa, Valls, Amposta. This province has 183 municipalities. The province includes several World Heritage Sites and is a popular tourist destination. There are Roman Catholic cathedrals in Tarragona and Tortosa.
1990 Mercedes Cup
The 1990 Mercedes Cup,  was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held at the Tennis Club Weissenhof in Stuttgart, West Germany that was part of the Championship Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. It was the 13th edition of the tournament was held from 16 July until 22 July 1990. Tenth-seeded Goran Ivanišević won the singles title.

ATP International Series Gold
ATP International Series Gold (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP Championship Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally between 2000 and 2008 that were part of the ATP Tour. The tournaments were positioned below the ATP Masters Series, and above the ATP International Series in terms of prize money and ranking points available.

International Series Gold tournaments offered players cash prizes (purses from $755,000 to $1,426,250 as of 2008) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. See Association of Tennis Professionals#ATP rankings for more details.

Effective in 2009, this series of tournaments became the ATP Tour 500, incorporating many of the same tournaments. The "500" represents the number of ATP ranking points earned by the winner of each event in the series.
D.I.C.E. Award for Racing Game of the Year
The D.I.C.E. Award for Racing Game of the Year is an award presented annually by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences during the D.I.C.E. Awards. This recognizes "titles that allow the user to participate in a contest in which the objective is to convey an object through a course of virtual physical progress as quickly as possible. Racing games may involve competition against other user-controlled competitors or against system controlled competitors. Racing games must simulate vehicular motion". All active creative/technical, business, and affiliate members of the Academy are qualified to vote for this category. It was originally presented as Console Racing Game of the Year, with its first winner being Diddy Kong Racing, developed and published by Rare.

The award's most recent winner is Mario Kart World, developed by Nintendo EPD and published by Nintendo.

Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development
Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development Division, abbreviated Nintendo EPD, is the largest division within the Japanese video game company Nintendo. The division focuses on developing and producing video games, mobile apps, and other related entertainment software for the company. Nintendo EPD was established in September 2015 after merging their Entertainment Analysis & Development and Software Planning & Development divisions.
Magilligan GAC
Saint Aidan's GAC Magilligan (Irish: CLG Naomh Aodhán Ard Mhic Giollagain) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Magilligan, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The club is a member of Derry GAA and currently caters for Gaelic football.

Magilligan has won the Derry Junior Football Championship twice. Underage teams up to U-12's play in North Derry GAA league and championships, from U-14 upwards teams compete in All-Derry competitions.

Derry GAA
The Derry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Dhoire) or Derry GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland. It is responsible for Gaelic games in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland (the GAA refers to the county as Derry). The county board is also responsible for the Derry county teams.

Football is the most popular of the county board's Gaelic games. The county football team won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) in 1993; it was the fourth from the province of Ulster to do so, following Cavan, Donegal and Down. The county team has also won seven National League titles and nine Ulster Championship titles.

However, Derry is also regarded as a small dual county.

According to a 2015 TUD study by Shane Mangan, Derry had slightly more than over 9,100 players.
Bergströmodden
Bergströmodden is a headland in Orvin Land at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It is located north of the mountain Boydfjellet, at the mouth of Finn Malmgren Fjord, east of Alpini Island. The headland is named after Swedish politician Axel Bergström.

Orvin Land
Orvin Land is the land area of the northeastern part of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, east of Duvefjorden, including the lower part of Austfonna. The area is named after geologist Anders Kristian Orvin. Orvin Land is bordered by Prins Oscars Land to the east and Austfonna to the south.
Finsbury railway line
The Finsbury railway line is a defunct railway in north western Adelaide which was used mainly for industrial purposes in the 20th century. It ran through the suburbs of Woodville, Woodville North, Pennington and Ottoway, connecting the Outer Harbor line with the Dry Creek-Port Adelaide line. It serviced four stations; Actil, Woodville North, No. 18 Shed, and Finsbury Stores. It closed in 1979 and was dismantled in 1985.

Dry Creek-Port Adelaide railway line
The Dry Creek–Port Adelaide railway line is an eight-kilometre east–west freight railway line running through Adelaide's north-western suburbs. The line is managed by the Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) and is an important link between Port Adelaide, Pelican Point and the main interstate rail routes which link Adelaide with Melbourne, Perth, Darwin and Sydney. Prior to 1988, a limited local passenger service operated, stopping at five intermediate stations along the line. Since May 1988, the line has been freight-only.
Radekhiv
Radekhiv (Ukrainian: Радехів, IPA: [rɐˈdɛxiu̯] ⓘ; Polish: Radziechów, Yiddish: ראדעכעוו) is a city in Sheptytskyi Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Radekhiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 9,680 (2022 estimate).

Until 18 July 2020, Radekhiv was the administrative center of Radekhiv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Radekhiv Raion was merged into Chervonohrad Raion (modern Sheptytskyi Raion).

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Ron Cutler (bishop)
Christianity portal

Ronald Wayne "Ron" Cutler is a Canadian Anglican bishop. He became Bishop of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island in 2014 and was elected Metropolitan of Canada in 2017.

Cutler was born in Montreal and educated at McGill University.

He was ordained in 1981 and served at Twillingate, Smith's Sound, Sydney Mines, Baddeck and Lower Sackville. He became a suffragan bishop in 2008 and was elected as the Diocesan on 22 November 2013. He was installed as the Bishop of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island on 5 May 2014. In 2017, he was elected Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada, which encompasses southern and eastern Quebec, the Maritimes, and Newfoundland and Labrador.

On January 9, 2020, Cutler announced his retirement from both positions effective July 31.

Twillingate
Twillingate is a town of 2,121 people located on the Twillingate Islands ("Toulinquet") in Notre Dame Bay, off the north eastern shore of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The town is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Lewisporte and Gander.

Incorporated on September 30, 1965, the town of Twillingate also incorporates smaller former localities such as Back Harbour, Bayview, Durrell, Gillard's Cove, Jenkins Cove, Manuel's Cove, and Wild Cove. The Twillingate Islands provide an excellent sheltered harbour and easy access to the rich fishing grounds nearby. Twillingate Island is connected to mainland Newfoundland via the Walter B. Elliott causeway as part of Route 340. The town is also one of the oldest ports on the island. It was a historic fishing community, but due to the collapse of the cod fishing industry, its economy now relies more on tourism.
Al Tekyna
Al Tekyna (التكينة) is a village located on the Blue Nile, in Sennar, Sudan, where the Nile borders on the southern and western side of the forest, in the north the village bordered by big agricultural land, this land honored by  the people in the village the lands are cultivated in the autumn season, and most of the villagers depend in their food on the corn and millet produces by this land, which have now been turned into farms and are within the villages of Local and Wa Al Abbas east of Sennar, Al-Tekina village is characterized by its strategic location and is the first village after the bridge connecting Sennar city, followed by the Banat village, Abogaili then Al-Arkikiin village.

Terina (ancient city)
Terina (Ancient Greek: Τερίνα and Τέρινα) was an ancient city located on the Piano di Tirena hill in Nocera Terinese about 20 km (12 mi) from Lamezia Terme in Calabria. The site of the city was allegedly found in 1922 by the archaeologist Paolo Orsi near the modern village of Sant'Eufemia Vetere. A systematic archaeological investigation was made from 1997  and coins, inscriptions and other artefacts retrieved from the site can be seen in the Museo Archeologico Lametino in Lamezia Terme.

The site is surrounded by two rivers, Savuto and Grande and matches the description by Strabo written around 20 AD.
Rudgeway
Rudgeway is a village in South Gloucestershire in south west England, located between Alveston and Almondsbury on the A38 trunk road. It lies west of Earthcott, Latteridge, Iron Acton and Yate on the B4059 road.

Yate
Yate is a town and civil parish in South Gloucestershire, England. It lies just to the southwest of the Cotswold Hills and is 12 miles (19 kilometres) northeast of Bristol and 12 miles (19 kilometres) from Bath.

Developing from a small village into a town from the 1950s onwards, the 2021 UK census listed Yate's parish population as 23,703. The market town of Chipping Sodbury (population 5,045) is contiguous with Yate to the east. In addition, a large southern section of the built-up area spills over into the parish of Dodington (population 8,206), and as a result, the total population of Yate's urban area is estimated at 35,000.
David Williams (priest, born 1862)
David Williams  (1862–1936) was the Archdeacon of Cardigan from 1928 until his death.

Williams was educated at Llandysul Grammar School and Durham University; and ordained in 1890. He was a theology exhibitioner at Hatfield Hall. After curacies in Stella and Swansea he held incumbencies in Clydach and Llangyfelach.
He died on 24 March 1936.

Stella, Gateshead
Stella is a community in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the south bank of the Tyne, about 5 miles (8 km) west of central Newcastle upon Tyne, between Blaydon (to the south-east) and Ryton (to the west). The area includes the Stella Park housing estate, built on the grounds of a mansion of the same name.
2017–18 Central Michigan Chippewas men's basketball team
The 2017–18 Central Michigan Chippewas men's basketball team represented Central Michigan University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Chippewas, led by sixth-year head coach Keno Davis, played their home games at McGuirk Arena as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 21–14, 7–11 in MAC play to finish in fifth place in the West Division. They defeated Bowling Green in the first round of the MAC tournament before losing in the quarterfinals to Buffalo. They were invited to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they defeated Fort Wayne and Wofford to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Liberty.

2017–18 Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball team
The 2017–18 Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball team represented Bowling Green State University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Falcons, led by third-year head coach Michael Huger, played their home games at the Stroh Center as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference.