hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique
Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique is a book written by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, which was first published in 1813 and later re-issued in 1819 with a new edition. This book contributed to the field of botany by introducing the use of the term taxonomy and a new classification system for grouping plants together. This book placed emphasis on the study of evolutionary relationships in grouping plants together, rather than on shared morphological characteristics.

Plant morphology
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants. Recent studies in molecular biology started to investigate the molecular processes involved in determining the conservation and diversification of plant morphologies. In these studies, transcriptome conservation patterns were found to mark crucial ontogenetic transitions during the plant life cycle which may result in evolutionary constraints limiting diversification.
La peste (TV series)
La peste (The Plague) is a Spanish historical drama television series created by Alberto Rodríguez and Rafael Cobos for Movistar+. It tells a crime story set in the 16th century Seville during an outbreak of the bubonic plague. The series premiered on 12 January 2018 on Movistar+'s VOD service and on #0. Before it first aired, on 30 September 2017, it was announced that it had been renewed for a second season, which premiered on 15 November 2019.

Movistar Plus+
Movistar Plus+ (formerly Movistar+) is the trade name of the subscription platform for digital television owned by Telefónica, which operates in Spain. The service is distributed via optical fiber and ADSL as well as with satellites such as Astra. The platform, which was officially launched on July 8, 2015, stems from the merger of Canal+, previously responsible for the satellite TV operations, and Telefónica's Movistar TV. It is the largest subscription television provider in Spain with 3.7 million customers and 45% of market share.
1985 The Winston
The 1985 The Winston, the inaugural running of the NASCAR All-Star Race, was a stock car racing competition that took place on May 25, 1985. Held at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina, the 70-lap race was the second exhibition race in the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series. Defending 1984 NASCAR Winston Cup Series Champion Terry Labonte of Hagan Racing was awarded the pole position while Darrell Waltrip of Junior Johnson & Associates won the race and US$200,000.

The race featured one two-tire pit stop between laps 30 and 40, and was held the day before the 1985 Coca-Cola World 600. Both Labonte and Harry Gant won a purse bonus of US$10,000 for leading the twentieth and fiftieth lap of the race.

Pit stop
In motorsports, a pit stop is a pause for refuelling, new tyres, repairs, mechanical adjustments, a driver change, as a penalty, or any combination of the above. These stops occur in an area called the pits, most commonly accessed via a pit lane which runs parallel to the start/finish straightaway of the track and is connected to it at each end. Along this lane is a row of garages (typically one per team or car) outside which the work is done in a pit box. Pit stop work is carried out by the pit crew of up to twenty mechanics, depending on the series regulations, while the driver often waits in the vehicle (except where a driver change is involved or in motorbike racing).

The term is also used generically to describe a short break in a journey.
Arcade Tri-County Airport
Arcade Tri-County Airport (FAA LID: D23) is a privately owned, public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) north of Arcade, a village in the Town of Arcade, Wyoming County, New York, United States.

Arcade, New York
Arcade is a town in Wyoming County, New York, United States. The population was 4,220 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Arcade has within its borders a village also called Arcade. Arcade is in the southwestern corner of Wyoming County.
Amala (mythology)
Amala is a mythological giant who supports the world in the mythology of the Tsimshian, Nass, Skidegate, Kaigani, Massett, and Tlingit Native Americans. He supports the Earth which he balances on a spinning pole. He receives an annual application of wild duck-oil to his muscles from a servant which brings relief to his muscles. The belief is that when all the ducks are hunted out, there will no longer be any duck-oil available in the world. At this point, Amala dies and the world topples off the pole and comes to an end.

Haida people
The Haida (English:  /ˈhaɪdə/, Haida: X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat) are an Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. They constitute one of 203 First Nations in British Columbia and 231 federally recognized tribes in Alaska.

Their traditional territory include Haida Gwaii, an archipelago off the coast of British Columbia, and the southern half of Prince of Wales Island, in Southeast Alaska. Their language is Haida, a linguistic isolate. The Haida are known for their craftsmanship, trading skills, and seamanship. They are known to have frequently carried out raids and to have practiced slavery.

In Canada, the Haida are represented by Council of the Haida Nation (CHN), in addition to the two village band governments, Old Massett Village Council and Skidegate Band Council. Federally recognized Haida tribes in the United States include the Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska and the Hydaburg Cooperative Association.
USS Worcester
USS Worcester has been the name of three ships in the United States Navy.

USS Worcester (1866) a bark-rigged screw steam sloop-of-war that was launched in 1866.

USS Worcester (PG-170) was renamed USS Gladwyne (PF-62) before it was laid down as a Tacoma-class frigate in 1943.

USS Worcester (CL-144) was the lead ship of the Worcester-class cruisers.

Tacoma-class frigate
The Tacoma class was a class of 96 patrol frigates which served in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War. Originally classified as gunboats (PG), they were reclassified as patrol frigates (PF) on 15 April 1943. The class is named for its lead ship, Tacoma, a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) S2-S2-AQ1 design, which in turn was named for the city of Tacoma, Washington. Twenty-one ships were transferred to the British Royal Navy, in which they were known as Colony-class frigates, and twenty-eight ships were transferred under Lend-Lease to the Soviet Navy, where they were designated as storozhevoi korabl ("escort ships"), during World War II. All Tacoma-class ships in US service during World War II were manned by United States Coast Guard crews. Tacoma-class ships were transferred to the United States Coast Guard and various navies post-World War II.
Marshall Heights Line
The Marshall Heights Line, designated Route U5 & U6, were daily bus routes operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Minnesota Avenue station of the Orange and Silver Lines of the Washington Metro and Marshall Heights via Lincoln Heights. Both lines operated every 20–30 minutes at all times. Trips took roughly 30 minutes for both routes.

Orange Line (Washington Metro)
The Orange Line is one of the six rapid transit lines of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 26 stations in Fairfax County and Arlington in Northern Virginia; Washington, D.C.; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The Orange Line runs from Vienna in Fairfax County to New Carrollton in Prince George's County. Half of the line's stations are shared with the Blue Line and all but three stations (Vienna, Dunn Loring, and West Falls Church) are shared with the Silver Line. Orange Line service began on November 20, 1978.

Trains run every 10 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 12 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 15 minutes daily after 9:30 pm.
Mikhail Kogan
Mikhail Borisovich Kogan (Russian: Михаил Борисович Коган; September 5, 1893 in Zhitomir, Russian Empire – November 26, 1951 in Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet medical doctor, and head of the therapy department of 2nd Moscow Medical Institute.  His patients included Samuel Marshak, Martiros Saryan, Dmitri Shostakovich, and Vyacheslav Molotov.

He was one of the doctors named in Joseph Stalin's fabricated Doctors' Plot in 1953, despite Kogan having already died by the time when the first article about the plot was published.  His brother, Boris Borisovich Kogan, also a doctor, was arrested and jailed as part of the Doctors' Plot campaign.

Russian National Research Medical University
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (formerly known as Russian State Medical University) is a medical university in Moscow, Russia founded in 1906. It is fully accredited and recognized by Russia's Ministry of Education and Science and is under the authority of the Ministry of Health and Social Development. It was named after Russian surgeon and pedagogue N.I. Pirogov (1810-1888). In 2024 US News & World Report ranked it #1,563 in the world.
Tomah Subdivision
The Tomah Subdivision or Tomah Sub is a railway line that runs about 103 miles (166 km) from La Crosse, WI in the west to Portage, WI in the east.

The line is operated by Canadian Pacific Kansas City through its subsidiary, the Soo Line Railroad. The line crosses the Mississippi River between La Crescent, MN and La Crosse. Junctions in La Crescent lead to the River Subdivision to the north and the Marquette Subdivision to the south. East of Portage, the rails continue as the Watertown Subdivision. Interstate 90 runs roughly parallel to the rail line.

Portage, Wisconsin
Portage is a city in Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,581 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Columbia County. It is part of the Madison metropolitan area.

Portage was named for the Fox–Wisconsin Waterway, a portage between the Fox River and the Wisconsin River, which was recognized by Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet during their discovery of a route to the Mississippi River in 1673. The city's slogan is "Where the North Begins."
Rosendo Salvado
Rosendo Salvado Rotea OSB (1 March 1814 – 29 December 1900) was a Spanish Benedictine monk, missionary, bishop, pianist, composer, author, founder and first abbot of the Territorial Abbey of New Norcia in Western Australia.  Salvado introduced the blue gum to Galicia, a species which displaced the native Spanish chestnut and oak.

Sweet chestnut
The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), also known as the Spanish chestnut or European chestnut, is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived deciduous tree, it produces an edible seed, the chestnut, which has been used in cooking since ancient times.
Khai Si
Khai Si (Thai: ไคสี) is a subdistrict (tambon) in Mueang Bueng Kan district, in Bueng Kan province, Isan (northeastern Thailand). As of 2022, it had a population of 5,466 people and has jurisdiction over ten villages. It lies on Highway 212 and the Mekong River and border with Laos, west of Bueng Kan and east of Ho Kham.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
The Black Tie Affair
The Black Tie Affair is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Maestro Fresh-Wes, released in 1991 on Attic/LMR Records. Singles from the album include "Nothin' at All" and "Conductin' Thangs", the latter which reached No. 1 on the RPM Cancon chart. The single was also nominated for Rap Recording of the Year at the 1992 Juno Awards. Most of the production was handled by Main Source member K-Cut.

Main Source
Main Source was a Canadian-American East Coast hip-hop group based in New York City/Toronto, composed of Toronto-born DJs and producers, K-Cut and Sir Scratch, as well as the New York City natives, DJ J.O.D and record producer Large Professor. Later, another Queens MC, Mikey D (Michael Deering), replaced Large Professor.
The Motorist Bride
The Motorist Bride (German: Die Motorbraut) is a 1925 German silent romance film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Hans Mierendorff, Lee Parry and Ernst Hofmann. The film is notable for the use of Lilian Harvey as a stunt double for Parry during the mountaineering scenes shot in Switzerland. Harvey quickly graduated to become the top star of Richard Eichberg's production company.

It premiered at the Marmorhaus in Berlin on 22 January 1925. The film's art direction is by Jacek Rotmil.

Marmorhaus
The Marmorhaus (English: Marble House) was a cinema that used to be located on the Kurfürstendamm in Berlin. Opened in 1913, it takes its name from a large marble façade. Designed by the architect Hugo Pál, the walls of the foyer and auditorium were decorated by the expressionist artist Cesar Klein.

During the silent era it was a common venue for premieres of new films. These included The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Johannes Goth, The Woman in Heaven, The Head of Janus, Genuine, Four Around a Woman, Wandering Souls,  and The Haunted Castle.

Owned by the giant UFA company for many years, it was later developed into a multiplex.

In 2001 the cinema closed, and the property was sold to the Spanish retailer Zara, which remodeled it as a store. It has since been converted to a MUJI store.
1879 Wimbledon Championship – Singles
John Hartley defeated Vere St. Leger Goold 6–2, 6–4, 6–2 in the all comers' final to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1879 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion Frank Hadow did not defend his title.

John Hartley (tennis)
Rev. John Thorneycroft Hartley (9 January 1849 – 21 August 1935) was a tennis player from England, and the only clergyman to win Wimbledon.

Hartley won the 1879 Gentlemen's Singles title against Irish champion, Vere St. Leger Goold in three sets on 15 July, retaining his title the following year, 1880, by defeating Herbert Lawford in the Challenge Round in four sets.

Hartley lost in 37 minutes in the 1881 Gentlemen's Singles final, to William Renshaw. This was the shortest final on record and it was reported that Hartley was suffering from an attack of 'English cholera'. Hartley did not compete in the 1882 championships and made a final return at the 1883 championships, losing in the second round to Herbert Wilberforce in four sets.

In 1926, at the Golden Jubilee championships, Hartley was presented with a silver medal by Queen Mary, as one of 34 surviving champions.
Lake Chrissie
Lake Chrissie (Afrikaans: Chrissiesmeer) is a lake in Msukaligwa Local Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa. It is a shallow and large lake, with a maximum depth of about 6 metres (20 ft), 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) long, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide. The lake is named after Christiana Pretorius, daughter of Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, the first president of the Boer Transvaal Republic. The lake is also informally known as "Matotoland" (meaning "land of frogs") and its Swazi name is "Kachibibi" (meaning "big lake"). The Sotho name is Seokodibeng, meaning the place of many waters.

A famous battle of the Second Boer War was fought by Lake Chrissie on 6 February 1901.

Msukaligwa Local Municipality
Msukaligwa Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Msukaligwa; Afrikaans: Msukaligwa Munisipaliteit) is a local municipality within the Gert Sibande District Municipality, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Ermelo is the seat of the municipality.
Jimmy Copley
James Frank Copley  (29 December 1953 – 13 May 2017) was an English rock drummer.

Copley was largely a session musician and worked with Jeff Beck, Graham Parker, Upp, Paul Young, Magnum, Roger Glover, Ian Gillan and Glenn Hughes of Deep Purple, Go West, Killing Joke, Tears for Fears, Seal, Tony Iommi and Paul Rodgers. He was the drummer with Manfred Mann's Earth Band from 2007.

He was a master of the open-handed drumming technique. This method dispenses with crossing the hands when playing the hi-hat and snare drum simultaneously, as opposed to the more traditional way of playing drums which features crossed hands as the basic playing position.

Copley was a long-term Tama Drums endorser. He used Superstar, Granstar, Artstar II and Starclassic drums throughout the years. Another long time association was with Zildjian Cymbals. He also used Vic Firth drumsticks.

Vic Firth
Everett Joseph "Vic" Firth (June 2, 1930 – July 26, 2015) was an American musician and the founder of Vic Firth Company (formerly Vic Firth, Inc.), a company that makes percussion sticks and mallets. He was also known for his association with the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Saint-Christophe-sur-le-Nais
Saint-Christophe-sur-le-Nais (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ kʁistɔf syʁ lə nɛ]) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. It is situated on the border of the department of Sarthe, 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Tours.

Sarthe
Sarthe (French pronunciation: [saʁt] ⓘ) is a department of the French region of Pays de la Loire, and the province of Maine, situated in the Grand-Ouest of the country. It is named after the river Sarthe, which flows from east of Le Mans to just north of Angers. It had a population of 566,412 in 2019.
On Snow
On Snow (German: Vom Schnee) is a 2003 long poem by the German writer Durs Grünbein. It has the subtitle or Descartes in Germany (oder Descartes in Deutschland). It focuses on the life of the French philosopher René Descartes. Andreas Nentwich of Die Zeit described it as "a baroque picture arc of war, violence, vanity and a lot of snow".

Die Zeit
Die Zeit (German pronunciation: [diː ˈtsaɪt], lit. 'The Time') is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles.
Baïse
The Baïse (pronounced [baiːz] ⓘ; Occitan: Baïsa) is a 188-kilometre (117 mi) long river in south-western France, left tributary of the Garonne. Its source is in the foothills of the Pyrenees, near Lannemezan. It flows north through the following départements and towns:

Hautes-Pyrénées: Lannemezan, Trie-sur-Baïse

Gers: Mirande, Castéra-Verduzan, Valence-sur-Baïse, Condom

Lot-et-Garonne: Nérac, Lavardac

It flows into the Garonne near Aiguillon.

Lot-et-Garonne
Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [lɔt e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ, Occitan: Òlt e Garona) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the rivers Lot and Garonne, it had a population of 331,271 in 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Agen.
2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres
The women's 100 metres at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Beijing National Stadium on 23 and 24 August. Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce entered the competition as the defending champion and the world leading athlete that season with a time of 10.74 seconds.

Beijing National Stadium
The National Stadium (国家体育场, Guójiā Tǐyùchǎng), a.k.a. the Bird's Nest (鸟巢), is a stadium at Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China. The National Stadium, covering an area of 204,000 square meters with an 80,000 person capacity (91,000 with temporary seating), broke ground in December 2003, officially started construction in March 2004, and was completed in June 2008.

The National Stadium is owned and operated by a partnership company between Beijing Municipal State-owned Assets Management Co Ltd (58%) and CITIC Group (42%).

The stadium was designed for the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. It was also used during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
Šluknov
Šluknov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʃluknof]; German: Schluckenau) is a town in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,600 inhabitants. It lies on the border with Germany and it is the northernmost town of the country. The town centre with the castle and area of Křížový vrch are well preserved and are protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
2015 Philippine Super Liga Grand Prix
The 2015 Philippine Super Liga Grand Prix was the sixth indoor volleyball conference of the Philippine Super Liga, the third and final conference of the 2015 season, and the seventh conference overall. The conference began on October 10, 2015, at the Alonte Sports Arena, in Biñan, Laguna.

Stav Jacobi, FIVB Executive Council member and chief organizer of the FIVB World Women's Club Volleyball Championship, was the guest of honor for the opening ceremony, while Prajaya Chaiyakam, the deputy managing director of SMMTV, Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC)'s official TV partner, and his cameraman went to Cuneta Astrodome to witness Game 1 of the PSL Finals.

The tournament champion, the Foton Tornadoes, will represent the country in the 2016 AVC Women's Club Championship.

Biñan
Biñan (Tagalog pronunciation: [biˈɲan] or traditionally [biˈɲaŋ]), officially the City of Biñan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Biñan), is a  component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 584,479 people, making it the most populous city in the province of Laguna.

Biñan has become both a suburban residential community of Metro Manila and a location for some of the Philippines' largest industrial estates and export processing zones. Prior to its cityhood in 2010, Biñan was the richest municipality in the Philippines with an annual gross income of ₱677 million (US$14.383 million) and net income of ₱250 million (US$5.308 million), as of 2007 by the Commission on Audit.