hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clinical study design
Clinical study design is the formulation of clinical trials and other experiments, as well as observational studies, in medical research involving human beings and involving clinical aspects, including  epidemiology . It is the design of experiments as applied to these fields. The goal of a clinical study is to assess the safety, efficacy, and / or the mechanism of action of an investigational medicinal product (IMP) or procedure, or new drug or device that is in development, but potentially not yet approved by a health authority (e.g. Food and Drug Administration). It can also be to investigate a drug, device or procedure that has already been approved but is still in need of further investigation, typically with respect to long-term effects or cost-effectiveness.

Some of the considerations here are shared under the more general topic of design of experiments but there can be others, in particular related to patient confidentiality and medical ethics.

Physician–patient privilege
Physician–patient privilege is a legal concept, related to medical confidentiality, that protects communications between a patient and their doctor from being used against the patient in court. It is a part of the rules of evidence in many common law jurisdictions. Almost every jurisdiction that recognizes physician–patient privilege not to testify in court, either by statute or through case law, limits the privilege to knowledge acquired during the course of providing medical services. In some jurisdictions, conversations between a patient and physician may be privileged in both criminal and civil courts.
Anna Marie Pyle
Anna Marie Pyle is an American academic who is a Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology and a Professor of Chemistry at Yale University.  and an Investigator for Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Pyle is the president of the RNA Society, the vice-chair of the Science and Technology Steering Committee at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and previously she served as chair of the Macromolecular Structure and Function A Study Section at the National Institutes of Health.

Brookhaven National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory located in Upton, New York, a hamlet of the Town of Brookhaven. It was formally established in 1947 at the site of Camp Upton, a former U.S. Army base on Long Island. Located approximately 60 miles east of New York City, it is managed by Stony Brook University and Battelle Memorial Institute.

Research at BNL includes nuclear and high energy physics, energy science and technology, environmental and bioscience, nanoscience, and national security. The 5,300-acre campus contains several large research facilities, including the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and National Synchrotron Light Source II. Seven Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work conducted at Brookhaven Lab.
Feli Ferraro
Feli Ferraro is an American singer, producer and songwriter, best known for contributing various songs to artists in the K-pop industry, as well as co-written songs "Players" (Coi Leray), "Undecided" (Chris Brown), "Waves" (Normani & 6lack), "Wild Ones" (Jessie Murph & Jelly Roll), "Unforgiven" (Le Sserafim & Nile Rodgers), and "Time" from DJ Black Coffee's Grammy-winning 2021 album Subconsciously. Ranked #16 on Genius crowd-sourced "Top Songwriters of 2022" list, the Los Angeles-based musician was also longlisted for the Grammy Award for Songwriter of the Year, Non-Classical in 2024.  Ferraro is signed to Kara DioGuardi's publishing company Arthouse Entertainment.

Wild Ones (Jessie Murph and Jelly Roll song)
"Wild Ones" is a song by American singers Jessie Murph and Jelly Roll, released on October 6, 2023 as the lead single from the former's debut studio album That Ain't No Man That's the Devil (2024). Produced by Jeff "Gitty" Gitelman, the song peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Andrea Zanoni
Andrea Zanoni (born 26 August 1965, Treviso) is an Italian politician from Veneto.

A long-time green and animal rights activist, Zanoni was an unsuccessful candidate of the Federation of the Greens (FdV) in the 2005 Venetian regional election. Having joined Italy of Values for the 2009 European Parliament election, he was elected to the European Parliament, where he switched to the Democratic Party (PD) in 2013. He was not re-elected in 2014.

In the 2015 Venetian regional election Zanoni was elected to the Regional Council of Veneto for the PD. Zanoni was re-elected for a second term as regional councillor in 2020.

In 2025 Zanoni left the PD and joined Green Europe, successor of the FdV.

2020 Venetian regional election
The 2020 Venetian regional election took place in Veneto on 20 and 21 September 2020.

Originally scheduled to take place on 31 May 2020, it was delayed due to the coronavirus pandemic in Italy and was part of a round of multiple regional elections in Italy (7 regions out of 20). Venetian voters elected their President and their Regional Council, composed of 51 members including the President.

Luca Zaia, the second-term incumbent president and leading member of the League, was re-elected by a record 76.8% of the vote, the highest tally for a regional President in Italy. The runner-up, Arturo Lorenzoni, backed mainly by the Democratic Party, won 15.7% of the vote.

Regarding parties results, the League ran in this election presenting two lists: the official League list and a list named after Zaia. Combined, the two lists won 61.5% of the vote. The Democratic Party came second with 11.9% and Brothers of Italy came third with 9.6%.
2012 French F4 Championship
The 2012 French F4 Championship season was the twentieth season of the series for 1600cc Formula Renault machinery, and the second season to run under the guise of the French F4 Championship. The series began on 28 April at Circuit de Lédenon and ended on 28 October at Circuit Paul Ricard, after seven rounds and fourteen races.

Circuit de Lédenon
Circuit de Lédenon is a 3.151 km (1.958 mi) motor racing circuit located next to the town of Lédenon, Gard, France, about 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Nîmes. It hosts mostly National championships, such as FFSA GT Championship and French F4 Championship.
Cohors IV Tungrorum
The Cohors IV Tungrorum mill eq was an Auxiliary cohort of the Roman Army based in  Abusina during the second century. It had a strength of 1040 soldiers.

It was named for Civitas Tungrorum and by the rule of Antoninus Pius was stationed in Mauretania Tingitana where it is attested from an inscription of about 140 AD. The regiment having twice the soldiers of a standard quingenaria unit, and were mainly Raetians  from Tungri. There was also a veteran unit.

Inscription evidence tells us under Domitian the unit was also in Noricum and then later in Raetia, possibly at Faimingen.

Noricum
Noricum (/ˈnɒrɪkəm/) is the Latin name for the  kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the north, Raetia and Vindelici to the west, Pannonia to the east and south-east, and Italia (Venetia et Histria) to the south. The kingdom was founded around 400 BC, and had its capital at the royal residence at Virunum on the Magdalensberg.
Siwan, Raebareli
Siwan is a village in Shivgarh block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 3,437, in 665 households. It has one primary school and one small clinic.

The 1961 census recorded Siwan as comprising 15 hamlets, with a total population of 1,544 people (818 male and 726 female), in 291 households and 277 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 2,296 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Siwan as having a population of 2,027 people, in 412 households, and having an area of 926.33 hectares.

Raebareli district
Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

As of 2011, its population is 3,405,559, which makes it the 27th largest in the state. It is a predominantly rural district, with 91% of the population living in rural areas.
Caloptilia scutellariella
Caloptilia scutellariella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It has been recommended that this species be further studied as its placement within the genus Caloptilia is in need of clarification. It is known from Ontario, Canada, and Ohio and Michigan in the United States.

The number of generations depends on the food plant. Larvae feeding on Scutellaria ovata produce one generation per year, while larvae feeding on Scutellaria incana produce multiple continuous generations throughout the year.

The larvae feed on Scutellaria incana, Scutellaria galericulata, Scutellaria ovata and Scutellaria versicolor. They mine the leaves of their host plant. On S. ovata, the mine has the form of a white full-depth blotch mine.

Scutellaria galericulata
Scutellaria galericulata, the common skullcap, marsh skullcap or hooded skullcap, is a hardy perennial herb native to northern areas of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, Asia, and almost all of Canada. It is a member of the mint family. The form is upright and is usually 20-45 centimeters in height, sometimes reaching up to 80 cm. It is a wetland-loving species and grows along fens and shorelines. The blue flowers are 1 to 2 centimeters long. The flowers are in pairs and are all on the same side of the stem. The flowers do not appear at the top of the stem.

The plant is native to many parts of the world and, as such, is known by a variety of names. The Latin galericulata means "hooded", relating to the length of the flower's tube being much longer than the calyx. The variation epilobiifolia translates as leaves like willow-herb, and refers to the slightly serrated long thin leaves which look similar to those of the genus Epilobium.
Best Ever Food Review Show
Best Ever Food Review Show is a YouTube food and travel channel created by American filmmaker Will Sonbuchner (born August 22, 1984), alias Sonny Side. The production team is based in Vietnam and films episodes globally. In 2020, the channel won a Webby Award for "People's Voice: Viral Video of The Year" and the Webby Official Honoree for Food & Drink. As of December 2025, the channel has 11.9 million subscribers.

Travel
Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations. Travel can be done by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, ship or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip. Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements, as in the case of tourism.
Terneuzense Boys
Voetbalvereniging Terneuzense Boys (founded 1949) is an association football club in Terneuzen, Netherlands. Since 2019 Terneuzense Boys plays in the Eerste Klasse. Its home ground is Zuidersportpark and colors since foundation orange and black.

Terneuzen
Terneuzen (Dutch pronunciation: [tərˈnøːzə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the southwestern Netherlands, in the province of Zeeland, in the middle of Zeelandic Flanders. With almost 55,000 inhabitants, it is the most populous municipality of Zeeland.
August 2017 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Monday, August 7, 2017, with an umbral magnitude of 0.2477. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 5.2 days after apogee (on August 2, 2017, at 13:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
1991 NBA All-Star Game
The 1991 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game between players selected from the National Basketball Association's Western Conference and the Eastern Conference that was played on February 10, 1991, at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. This game was the 41st edition of the NBA All-Star Game and was played during the 1990–91 NBA season.

The All-Star Weekend began on Saturday, February 9, 1991, with the Stay In School Jam, Legends Classic, the Three-Point Shootout and the Slam Dunk Contest.

This was the first NBA All-Star Game broadcast by NBC after 17 years with CBS.

The All-Star Game returned to Charlotte in 2019, though it was played at the Spectrum Center in Uptown, and broadcast on TNT (the All-Star Game has never been broadcast on ABC or ESPN during the networks' current contract with the league, which began during the 2002–03 season).

NBA on CBS
NBA on CBS is an American television sports presentation show broadcast by CBS. It aired from October 20, 1973 to June 14, 1990. The branding is used for the presentation of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Rethymno Cretan Kings B.C.
Rethymno Cretan Kings B.C., or simply Cretan Kings (Greek: Ρέθυμνο Κρητικοί K.A.E.), is a Greek formerly  professional sports basketball club that was founded on the Greek island of Crete, in Rethymno, Greece, in 1986. The club is also commonly known as Rethymno B.C. (Ρέθυμνο K.A.E.).

The team was previously known as Rethymno Aegean B.C. (Ρέθυμνο Aegean K.A.E.), or Athlitikos Gymnastikos Omilos Rethymnou (Α.G.Ο.R.) (Αθλητικός Γυμναστικός Όμιλος Ρεθύμνου (Α.Γ.Ο.Ρ.). The team's parent athletic club was founded in 1965.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
Malaipet Sasiprapa
Malaipet (born as Mongkhon Wiwasuk on December 21, 1981) is a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter, kickboxer and former mixed martial artist. He is a former Rajadamnern Stadium Champion who currently resides in Fresno, California. In MMA, Malaipet has fought for EliteXC, King of the Cage and in kickboxing he has competed for K-1, SLAMM!! Events, Bellator Kickboxing and Thai & Kickbox SuperLeague. He has Three Kids, Surina, Mason, and Ariya Wiwasuk, who lives in Clovis, CA

Elite Xtreme Combat
Elite Xtreme Combat, also known as EliteXC, was a United States–based mixed martial arts (MMA) organization owned and operated by ProElite. It was founded as a partnership between Showtime Networks and ProElite and officially announced on December 14, 2006. It was headquartered in Los Angeles.

The partnership to form EliteXC was announced on November 13, 2006. The first major event occurred February 10, 2007, at the DeSoto Civic Center in Southaven, Mississippi. Fighters Frank Shamrock and Renzo Gracie fought in the main event. Also debuting on this card was Charles Bennett, K. J. Noons, Mike Pyle and Antônio Silva.

In early 2008, EliteXC had reached an agreement with CBS to broadcast EliteXC shows on prime time. The arrangement was that CBS would broadcast EliteXC specials every other month on Saturday nights. CBS aired only three events in 2008, on May 31, July 26, and October 4.
Néstor Morales
Néstor Javier Morales Corredor (born Nestor Javier Morales in 26 February 1963) is a Colombian news program host of Noticias Uno, he was in Viva FM of Caracol Radio, La W of W radio, newspaper El Nuevo Siglo, Todelar, in Noticias Caracol of Caracol TV and Telepaís of Canal Uno.

Caracol Radio
Caracol Radio (Cadena Radial Colombiana, "Colombian Radio Network") is one of the main radio networks in Colombia. Founded in Medellín in 1948 when La Voz de Antioquia station acquired the 50% of Emisoras Nuevo Mundo, based in Bogotá.

Julio Mario Santo Domingo was its main shareholder until 2003, when Spanish Grupo Prisa bought the Grupo Latino de Radio, whose 17% was Santo Domingo's.
Dong Mueang Aem
Dong Mueang Aem (Thai: ดงเมืองแอม) was a group of ancient settlements located in Dong Mueang Aem subdistrict, Khao Suan Kwang, Khon Kaen, northeastern Thailand, controlling trade route between the Songkhram River basin to the north and the Chi–Mun basins to the south. It was inhabited from the 6th – 18th centuries from the Dvaravati to the late Ayutthaya periods,: 265  and was once being sacked by Mahendravarman of Chenla during his expansion campaign to the Chi-Mun Valley. After being abandoned for a century, it was repopulated by Lao people in 1859.

Dong Mueang Aem was a supra-regional center of the Dvaravati civilization, together with Si Thep, Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang, and others, but little known about its political structure.: 152  It could have previously been the center of an ancient kingdom.: 151–52  According to the Wat Sri Mueang Aem Inscription (K. 1120) discovered in the inner city, Dong Mueang Aem potentially could be linked to the formation of Chenla.: 78–79

Songkhram River
The Songkhram River (Thai: แม่น้ำสงคราม, RTGS: Maenam Songkhram, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.náːm sǒŋ.kʰrāːm]; Northeastern Thai: แม่น้ำสงคราม, pronounced [mɛ̄ː.nȁːm sǒŋ.kâːm]) is a tributary of the Mekong River. It originates in the hills between Nong Han District, Udon Thani Province and Sawang Daen Din District, Sakon Nakhon Province. It flows through Seka District (Nong Khai Province), Wanon Niwat (Sakon Nakhon Province), and Si Songkhram District and empties into the Mekong River in tambon Chai Buri, Tha Uthen District, Nakhon Phanom Province. It is 420 kilometres (260 mi) long.

The Songkhram is one of the more important but lesser known rivers in Thailand's northeast. It is the last Mekong tributary in Thailand free of developments blocking river flow. Fish can swim freely into the Songkhram River from the Mekong and use it as a spawning ground. This replenishes the fish stocks that are an indispensable food source for inhabitants of the Mekong region.
Gamba (surname)
Gamba is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Enrico Gamba (1831–1883), Italian painter

Ezio Gamba (1958), Italian-Russian judoka and judo coach

Fran Gamba, 18th century Slovenian politician

Francesco Gamba (1818–1887), Italian painter, mainly of seascapes

Giuseppe Gamba (1857–1929), Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and an Archbishop of Turin

Irene M. Gamba (born 1957), Argentine mathematician

Lucas Gamba (born 1987), Argentine footballer

Marina Gamba (1570–1612), mother of Galileo Galilei's illegitimate children

Matteo Gamba (born 1979), Italian rally driver

Paolo Ettore Gamba, Italian engineer

Piero Gamba (1936–2022), Italian orchestral conductor and pianist

Rumon Gamba (born 1972), English conductor

Sandro Gamba (born 1932), Italian basketball coach and player

Vincenzo Gamba (1606–1649), Italian musician, son of Galileo Galilei and Marina Gamba

Virginia Gamba (born 1954), Argentine diplomat

Virginia Gamba (UN official)
Virginia Gamba de Potgieter (born 1954) is an Argentinian diplomat who served as United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres' Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict from 2017 to 2025.
Mouzadar
The term Mouzadar refers to a person who takes tax of a mouza (revenue collection unit). Historically, they were influential hereditary aristocratic nobility figures in Assam's socio-political landscape during the feudal era during the Kamarupa Kingdom to the Ahom Dynasty; similar to small kings. These mighty landlords played essential roles in administration and governance, maintaining their significance until fall of the British colonial rule.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Eupithecia ericeata
Eupithecia ericeata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Jules Pierre Rambur in 1833. It is found in most of southern Europe and the Near East.

The wingspan is about 17–19 mm.

The larvae feed on Erica, Juniperus and Cytisus species.

Erica (plant)
Erica is a genus of roughly 857 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names heath and heather are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance. The genus Calluna was formerly included in Erica; it differs in having even smaller scale-leaves (less than 2–3 millimetres long), and the flower corolla consisting of separate petals. Erica is sometimes referred to as "winter (or spring) heather" to distinguish it from Calluna "summer (or autumn) heather".
Brâncovenesc art
Brâncovenesc art or Brâncovenesc style (Romanian pronunciation: [brɨŋkovenesk]; Romanian: artă brâncovenească or stil brâncovenesc), also known as the Wallachian Renaissance or the Romanian Renaissance, is an artistic style that evolved during the administration of Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Brâncoveanu was the domn and voivode of the Principality of Wallachia (between 1688 and 1714), an extremely wealthy aristocrat, and a builder of fine palaces and churches. Brâncovenesc art was mostly focused on architecture, but also manifested through painting and sculpture.

Hospodar
Gospodar or hospodar, also gospodin as a diminutive, is a term of Slavic origin, meaning "lord" or "master". The compound (Belarusian: гаспадар, Bulgarian: господар, Macedonian: господар, Serbo-Croatian: gospodar, господар, Ukrainian: господар) is a derivative of gospod / gospodin, transl. (L)ord / gentleman or Sir, or when spelled with a capital G (Gospod / Gospodin) it translates as Lord for God.