hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brilliant Black BN
Brilliant Black BN (also known as Brilliant Black PN, Brilliant Black A, Black PN, Food Black 1, Naphthol Black, C.I. Food Black 1, or C.I. 28440) is a synthetic black diazo dye. It is soluble in water. It usually comes as tetrasodium salt. It has the appearance of solid, fine powder or granules. Calcium and potassium salts are known as well.

When used as a food dye, its E number is E151. It is used in food decorations and coatings, desserts, sweets, ice cream, mustard, red fruit jams, soft drinks, flavored milk drinks, fish paste, lumpfish caviar and other foods.  Brilliant Black BN is used for staining animal by-products in category 2.

Brilliant Black BN is approved in the European Union.  It has been banned in the United States and Japan. Brilliant Black BN was banned in Norway until 2001 when it was unbanned due to trade relationships with other countries.

Fruit preserves
Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread.

There are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by the method of preparation, type of fruit used, and its place in a meal. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "vegetable fruits" such as tomato, squash or zucchini, are eaten alongside savory foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries.
Randolph E. Paul
Randolph Evernghim Paul (1890–1956) was a name partner of the international law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison and was a lawyer specializing in tax law. He is credited as "an architect of the modern tax system."

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
If You Leave Me, Can I Come Too?
"If You Leave Me, Can I Come Too?" is a song by Australian band Mental As Anything, released in May 1981 as the lead single from their third studio album Cats & Dogs. The song peaked at number 4 on the Kent Music Report.

At the 1981 Countdown Music Awards, the song won Best Australian Single.

Cats & Dogs (Mental As Anything album)
Cats & Dogs is the third studio album by Australian band Mental As Anything. It was released in September 1981, produced by Bruce Brown and Russell Dunlop, the album peaked at #3 on the Australian chart and #2 on the New Zealand Album charts.

At the 1981 Countdown Music Awards, the album was nominated for Best Australian Album.

Cats & Dogs was released in the USA and Europe as If You Leave Me, Can I Come Too?.

In October 2010, Cats & Dogs was listed in the top 50 in the book, 100 Best Australian Albums having previously been listed in similar polls in the music magazines Rolling Stone, Juice and The Edge.
Fort Beaufort
Fort Beaufort (Xhosa: iBhofolo), officially renamed KwaMaqoma in March 2023, is a town in the Amatole District of South Africa's Eastern Cape Province, and had a population of 25,668 in 2011. The town was established in 1837 and became a municipality in 1883. The town lies at the confluence of the Kat River and Brak River between the Keiskamma and Great Fish Rivers. KwaMaqoma serves as a mini-'dormitory' for academic staff and students of Fort Hare University, based in the nearby town of Alice, and is also close to Sulphur Springs.

It is also the birthplace of South African politician and anti-apartheid activist who is also the first Premier of the Eastern Cape Raymond Mhlaba and his former first wife Joyce Meke.

University of Fort Hare
The University of Fort Hare (Afrikaans: Universiteit van Fort Hare) is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

It was a key institution of higher education for Africans from 1916 to 1959 when it offered a Western-style academic education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating an African elite. Fort Hare alumni were part of many subsequent independence movements and governments of newly independent African countries.

In 1959, the university was subsumed by the apartheid system, but it is now part of South Africa's post-apartheid public higher education system. It is the alma mater of well-known people including Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, and others.
John Holmes (mercenary)
John Holmes was an Anglo-Indian mercenary in Sikh Empire. He served in the Sikh Army during the final years of Punjab's independence, and rose from a trumpeter to the rank of Colonel. He served with the Sikh Khalsa Army, during the First Anglo-Sikh War.

First Anglo-Sikh War
The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the British Empire from 1845 to 1846 around the Firozpur district of Punjab. It resulted in the defeat and partial subjugation of the Sikh Empire and cession of Jammu & Kashmir as a separate princely state under British suzerainty.
Particracy
Particracy, also known as partitocracy or partocracy, is a form of government in which the political parties are the primary basis of rule rather than citizens or individual politicians.

As argued by Italian political scientist Mauro Calise in 1994, the term is often derogatory, implying that parties have too much power—in a similar vein, in premodern times it was often argued that democracy was merely rule by the demos, or a poorly educated and easily misled mob. Efforts to turn particracy into a more precise scholarly concept so far appear partly successful.

Spanish political scientist Antonio García-Trevijano described particracy in 2010 as a form of government where representation and separation of powers are nullified by the way the political party system is organized, turning democracy into an "oligarchy of parties" where voters have little to no actual control over them.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Melville, Johannesburg
Melville is a bohemian suburb of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. It is the location of many restaurants and taverns, which are mostly frequented by students from the nearby University of Johannesburg, located in Auckland Park, and the University of the Witwatersrand, located in Braamfontein. It is one of the city's most popular tourist destinations. The suburb is to the west of the Johannesburg CBD. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Japanese submarine I-159
I-159, originally I-59, was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaidai-class cruiser submarine of the KD3B sub-class in commission from 1930 to 1945. During World War II, she made two war patrols in the Indian Ocean, took part in the Battle of Midway, and served as a training submarine before ending the war as a kaiten suicide attack torpedo carrier. She surrendered at the end of the war and was scuttled in 1946.

Cruiser submarine
A cruiser submarine was a very large submarine designed to remain at sea for extended periods in areas distant from base facilities. Their role was analogous to surface cruisers; 'cruising' distant waters, commerce raiding, and otherwise operating independently. When operating in a fleet, cruisers and cruiser submarines were expected to scout for and screen the battle fleet. Cruiser submarines were successful for a brief period of World War I, but were less successful than smaller submarines during World War II. Large submarines remained vulnerable to damage from defensively equipped merchant ships (DEMS), were slow to dive if found by aircraft, offered a large sonar echo surface, and were less able to defensively maneuver during depth charge attacks.
Kid D
Dean Robertson (Ga: Nii Kutey OkaiKoi; born 28 May 1989), better known by his stage name Kid D, is a Ghanaian-British grime music producer, rapper/MC and DJ from Forest Hill, Lewisham, London, recognised among the pioneers of the rhythm & grime style of music.

Robertson is credited as a producer on various charting albums including Wiley's The Ascent (2013), Snakes & Ladders (2014) and Godfather (2017), Ghetts' Ghetto Gospel: The New Testament (2018), 67's The Glorious Twelfth (2017) and Devlin's The Outcast (2019). He has worked frequently with Wiley and Ghetts, and other notable collaborators have included Skepta and Hardy Caprio.

Ga language
Ga is a Kwa language spoken in Ghana, in and around the capital Accra, by the Ga people. There are also some speakers in Togo, Benin and western Nigeria. It has a phonemic distinction between three vowel lengths.
Houlgate battery
The Houlgate battery (also called the Battery de Tournebride) was a World War II German artillery battery constructed close to the French village of Houlgate in the Calvados department in the Lower Normandy region. Built into the top of a 300 ft (91 m) cliff, the bunker complex was created to protect the western bank of the mouth of the River Seine and was 10 mi (16 km) east of the Normandy landing beach Sword which it shelled. The former fire control post has been turned into an orientation table. The battery is 8 km west of the Mont Canisy battery.

Lower Normandy
Lower Normandy (French: Basse-Normandie, IPA: [bɑs nɔʁmɑ̃di, bas -] ⓘ; Norman: Basse-Normaundie) is a former administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, Lower and Upper Normandy merged becoming one region called Normandy.
Tarradale Castle
Tarradale Castle was a castle that was located near Muir of Ord, Scotland, most likely northwest of Tarradale House. King Robert the Bruce captured and destroyed the castle in 1308.

In 2017, the University of Aberdeen undertook an extensive survey and trench evaluation of the site. Evidence of medieval settlement, including ceramics and worked metals were discovered. The earthworks of the castle have been flattened and ploughed out.

Muir of Ord
Muir of Ord (Scottish Gaelic: Am Blàr Dubh) is a village in Easter Ross, in the Highland council area of Scotland. It is situated near the western end of the Black Isle, about 9 miles (14 km) west of the city of Inverness and 5+1⁄2 miles (9 km) south of Dingwall. The village had a population of 
2,840 in 2020 and sits 35 metres (115 ft) above sea level. The Scottish geologist Sir Roderick Murchison was born in the village in 1792.

In September 2022, the village came to media attention when a local fish and chip shop owner uploaded a Facebook video celebrating the death of Queen Elizabeth II with a bottle of champagne. The owner was then chased away from the village by angry locals who vandalized the chip shop with eggs and tomato ketchup.
Monopteros (fish)
Monopteros is an extinct genus of marine bonytongue fish known from the Eocene. It contains a single species, M. gigas, known from the Early Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy. Its genus name, Monopteros meaning "one wing", comes from its large, elongated pectoral fins. The species name, gigas, refers to its relatively large size at 448 millimetres (1.470 ft) in length.

It is thought to be a member of the extinct subfamily Phareodontinae, or at least closely related to it. Some earlier authorities erroneously placed it as a species of the late-surviving crossognathiform Platinx, which it co-occurred with.

Crossognathiformes
Crossognathiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Eocene. Its phylogenetic placement is disputed; some authors have recovered it as part of the teleost stem group, while others place it in a basal position within crown group Teleostei. Other placements have found it to be polyphyletic, with Varasichthyidae being stem-group teleosts whereas the other, "true" crossognathiforms are crown-group teleosts within Teleocephala.

The oldest definitive crossognathiforms are known from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of Chile. They diversified afterwards and became a dominant group of marine fish throughout much of the Cretaceous. The last surviving member was the pachyrhizodontid Platinx from the Eocene.
June 2031 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Thursday, June 5, 2031, with an umbral magnitude of −0.8185. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 20.5 hours before perigee (on June 6, 2031, at 8:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Sean Parry
Sean Jonathan Pryce Parry (born 1 June 1987) is a Hong Kong cricketer. Parry is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

While studying for his degree at Durham University, Parry made a single first-class appearance for Durham UCCE against Lancashire in 2006. He scored 36 runs in the university's first-innings, before being dismissed by Gary Keedy, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 30 runs by Simon Marshall.

Durham University Centre of Cricketing Excellence
Durham University Centre of Cricketing Excellence (Durham UCCE), known as Durham MCC University (Durham MCCU) from 2010 to 2020, is a cricket coaching centre based at Durham University in Durham, County Durham, England, and the name under which the Durham University Cricket Club (DUCC) first team plays.
City Point Historic District
City Point Historic District is a national historic district located at Hopewell, Virginia. The district encompasses 85 contributing buildings and 3 contributing sites at the tip of a peninsula at the confluence of the Appomattox River and James River.  The district primarily includes one- and two-story, wood-frame single-family dwellings dated to the 19th century.  Notable buildings include St. John's Episcopal Church (1840), Civil War Catholic Chapel (1865), the Cocke House (c. 1840, 1916), Miami Lodge (1912), Cook House (c. 1858), St. John's Rectory (c. 1848), and Christopher Proctor House (c. 1800).  Located in the district and separately listed is Appomattox Manor.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Appomattox River
The Appomattox River is a tributary of the James River, approximately 157 miles (253 km) long, in central and eastern Virginia, named for the Appomattocs Indian tribe who lived along its lower banks in the 17th century. It drains a cotton and tobacco-growing region of the Piedmont and coastal plain southwest of Richmond.
MYCRO-1
The MYCRO-1 was a microcomputer manufactured and sold by Mycron of Oslo, Norway, in 1974. Built around the Intel 8080 CPU, it was one of the first commercial single-board computer after the Intel SDK-80. One is currently displayed at the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology.

When introduced, it was sold for approximately $6.000

MYCRO-1 is a microcomputer system based on the microprocessor Intel 8080. Some models have a Zilog Z80 CPU. Since the Z80 is backward compatible with the 8080, this was probably a cost reduction measure. The MYCRO-1 system was designed by MYCRON Data Industri as an entry In the market place for higher powered microcomputer systems.

A typical basic configuration of the system:

DIM-1001 CPU

DIM-1013 16K-byte dynamic RAM

DIM-1090 Chassis with motherboard

DIM-1091 Power supply with switch panel

Mycron
Mycron was a pioneer manufacturer of microcomputers, located in Oslo, Norway.

Originally named Norsk Data Industri, the company was founded in 1975 by Lars Monrad Krohn, who was also one of the founding fathers of Norsk Data. Among the employees are Arne Maus (1986–89) and Gisle Hannemyr.
The company was renamed MySoft in 1999.
Ernst Freiherr von Althaus
Oberleutnant Ernst Freiherr von Althaus (19 March 1890  – 29 November 1946) was a German flying ace in World War I, credited with nine confirmed aerial victories, as well as eight unconfirmed ones. He was one of the original Fokker Eindekker pilots who became known collectively as the Fokker Scourge.

Großenhain
Großenhain (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁoːsn̩ˌhaɪn] ⓘ; also written as Grossenhain; Upper Sorbian: Wulki Hojn, pronounced [ˈwulkʲi ˈhɔjn]) is a Große Kreisstadt (German for major district town) in the district of Meissen, Saxony, Germany. It was originally known as Hayne. The current name simply means "big Hayne".
Luiz Manella
Luiz Fernando Manella Pereira (born February 1, 1995, in Londrina, Brazil) is a Brazilian former competitive figure skater. He competed in the free skate at three ISU Championships – 2012 Four Continents in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States; 2012 Junior Worlds in Minsk, Belarus; and 2013 Junior Worlds in Milan, Italy, being the second male figure skater to ever represent Brazil at an ISU competition. He was awarded the best figure skater in Brazil prize by the Brazilian Olympic Committee in 2011. In 2015, he was chosen the Brazilian embassador for the 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games by the Brazilian Olympic Committee.

2016 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2016 Winter Youth Olympics (Norwegian: Olympiske vinterleker for ungdom 2016; Nynorsk: Olympiske vinterleikane for ungdom 2016), officially known as the II Winter Youth Olympic Games, took place in and around Lillehammer, Norway, from 12 to 21 February 2016. They were the fourth Youth Olympic Games and the second winter edition. Lillehammer was awarded the games on 7 December 2011 as the only candidate. The games reused venues from the 1994 Winter Olympics; this made Lillehammer the first city to host both regular and Youth Olympics. In addition to Lillehammer Municipality, Olympic events were staged at venues in Hamar Municipality, Gjøvik Municipality and Øyer Municipality.
Ekeland's variational principle
In mathematical analysis, Ekeland's variational principle, discovered by Ivar Ekeland, is a theorem that asserts that there exist nearly optimal solutions to some optimization problems.

Ekeland's principle can be used when the lower level set of a minimization problems is not compact, so that the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem cannot be applied. The principle relies on the completeness of the metric space.

The principle has been shown to be equivalent to completeness of metric spaces.
In proof theory, it is equivalent to Π11CA0 over RCA0, i.e. relatively strong.

It also leads to a quick proof of the Caristi fixed point theorem.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Sillajata
Sillajata (possibly from Quechua silla gravel, qhata slope, "gravel slope") is a 5,037-metre-high (16,526 ft) mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, Nuñoa District. It lies south of Jonorana and southeast of Salla Huancane.

Nuñoa District
Nuñuwa District is one of nine districts of the Melgar Province in Peru. The town of Nuñoa has become a destination for tourists as they start the climb to Machu Picchu.  The growth of this local tourist industry has been stimulating changes in society, as the anthropologist Morgan Hoke has shown in a study of the impact of tourist eateries, especially pizzerias, on dairy and cheese production and on consequently on women's participation in the Nuñoa economy.
Ray Sawyer
Ray Sawyer (February 1, 1937 – December 31, 2018) was an American percussionist and vocalist known for his work with the 1970s rock band Dr. Hook. Though primarily a backing vocalist and occasional percussionist on congas or maracas, he sang lead on their hit song "The Cover of Rolling Stone" and was a recognizable presence in the band owing to the eyepatch and cowboy hat he wore. He was also the uncle of Wild Fire vocalist Zack Sawyer.

Eyepatch
An eyepatch is a small patch that is worn in front of one eye. It may be a cloth patch attached around the head by an elastic band or by a string, an adhesive bandage, or a plastic device which is clipped to a pair of glasses. It is often worn by people to cover a lost, infected, or injured eye, but it also has a therapeutic use in children for the treatment of amblyopia. Eyepatches used to block light while sleeping are referred to as a sleep mask.

An eyepad or eye pad is a soft medical dressing that can be applied over an eye to protect it. It is not necessarily the same as an eyepatch.
Romário Baró
Romário Manuel Silva Baró (born 25 January 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ekstraklasa club Radomiak Radom. Born in Guinea-Bissau, Baró represented Portugal internationally at youth level.

Radomiak Radom
Radomiak Spółka Akcyjna (Radomiak S.A.), commonly known as Radomiak Radom, is a Polish football club based in Radom, Poland. The club was founded in 1910 and competes in Ekstraklasa, the top level of Polish football. They play their home matches at the Stadion im. Braci Czachorów.