hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Iwamura Castle
The siege of Iwamura was a military event which occurred in 1572 in Japan, concurrent with Takeda Shingen's push into Tōtōmi Province and the Battle of Mikatagahara.

Akiyama Nobutomo, one of Shingen's "Twenty-Four Generals," set his eye on the great yamashiro (mountain castle) of Iwamura when Tōyama Kagetō, the commander of the castle's garrison, fell ill and died.

Akiyama negotiated the castle's surrender with Lady Otsuya, who was not only Tōyama's widow but also the aunt of Oda Nobunaga.  The heir to the castle was a four-year-old boy called Gobōmaru, the fifth son of Oda Nobunaga, who had been given to Tōyama to adopt and raise as his own.  Gobomaru was taken to the Takeda home in Kai province as a hostage. In accordance with the surrender treaty, Lady Otsuya married Akiyama.

This caused the Takeda-Oda relationship to decline and Nobunaga started a campaign against the Takeda clan.

Kai Province
Kai Province (甲斐国, Kai no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Yamanashi Prefecture.  Kai bordered on Sagami, Suruga, Shinano and Musashi Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Kōshū (甲州, [koꜜː.ɕɯː]). The origin of its name is uncertain. It lies in central Honshū, west of Tokyo, in a landlocked mountainous region that includes Mount Fuji along its border with modern Shizuoka Prefecture.
Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology
Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published quarterly by SPIE. It covers science, development, and practice of micro and nanofabrication processes and metrology. Established in 2002 under the name Journal of Microlithography, Microfabrication, and Microsystems, it was subsequently retitled to Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS in 2007. The journal title was changed to its current name in 2021.

The editor-in-chief of the journal is Harry Levinson (HJL Lithography).

Microlithography
Microlithography is a general name for any  manufacturing process that can create a minutely patterned thin film of protective materials over a substrate, such as a silicon wafer, in order to protect selected areas of it during subsequent etching, deposition, or implantation operations.
The term is normally used for processes that can reliably produce features of microscopic size, such as 10 micrometres or less. The term nanolithography may be used to designate processes that can produce nanoscale features, such as less than 100 nanometres.

Microlithography is a microfabrication process that is extensively used in the semiconductor industry and also manufacture microelectromechanical systems.
1910 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1910 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as an independent during the 1910 college football season. Led by first-year head coach John Neff, South Carolina compiled a record of 4–4.

1910 college football season
The 1910 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Pittsburgh as having been retrospectively selected national champions, by four "major selectors" in about 1927, 1947, 1980 and 2003. Harvard claims a national championship for the 1910 season. Auburn also claims a national title based on a selection in Richard Billingsley's unrevised original math system.
Royal Dutch Theatre (Ghent)
The Royal Dutch Theatre Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Schouwburg, or KNS, is a theater building in the Belgian city of Ghent.

The theater is located on the northern side of Sint-Baafsplein, which was created in 1897 by demolishing older buildings that obstructed the view of the Saint Bavo Cathedral.

Saint Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent
Saint Bavo's Cathedral, also known as Sint-Baafs Cathedral (Dutch: Sint Baafskathedraal), is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Ghent, Belgium. The 89-metre-tall (292 ft) Gothic building is the seat of the Diocese of Ghent and is named for Saint Bavo of Ghent. It contains the well-known Ghent Altarpiece, also called the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb.
Coyote Butte Limestone
The Coyote Butte Limestone (OR085) is a geologic formation in Oregon. It preserves fossils dating back to the Sakmarian to Kungurian stages of the Permian period, spanning an estimated 23 million years. The formation occurs in isolated buttes to the north; Triangulation Hill, and south; type locality and name giver Coyote Butte and Tuckers Butte, on either side of the Grindstone and Twelvemile Creeks in Crook County, Oregon.

Type locality (geology)
A type locality, or a type area, in geology is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified. If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

The concept is similar to type site in archaeology.
Larkin Covered Bridge (North Tunbridge, Vermont)
The Larkin Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge, carrying Larkin Road across the First Branch White River in northern Tunbridge, Vermont.  Built in 1902, it is one of the last documented covered bridges to be built in Vermont during the historic period of bridge construction, and is one of five covered bridges in the town.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Municipality of Apače
The Municipality of Apače (pronounced [ˈáːpatʃɛ]; Slovene: Občina Apače) is a municipality in Slovenia. It lies in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia and belongs to the Mura Statistical Region. The municipality borders the municipalities of Šentilj, Sveta Ana, and Gornja Radgona. The Mura River is the border between Slovenia and Austria. The seat of the municipality is the town of Apače. The municipality was established in 2006 and split from the Municipality of Gornja Radgona on 1 January 2007. It borders Austria.

Municipality of Šentilj
The Municipality of Šentilj (pronounced [ʃɛnˈtiːl] or [ʃənˈtiːl]; Slovene: Občina Šentilj) is a municipality in Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Šentilj v Slovenskih Goricah. Šentilj became a municipality in 1994. It borders Austria.
Sisters of Providence (Ruillé-sur-Loir, France)
The Sisters of Providence of Ruillé-sur-Loir or the Sœurs de la Providence de Ruillé-sur-Loir, France, are a congregation of Roman Catholic Religious Sisters founded in 1806 by Jacques-Francois Dujarié.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Michael Stürzenberger
Michael Stürzenberger (born 28 September 1964) is a German counter-jihad activist, blogger and critic of Islam. He was the leader of the German Freedom Party from 2013 to 2016, and has been active for many years with his public speaking and protests against Islam with groups such as the Citizens' Movement Pax Europa and Pegida. He has been convicted of several criminal offences related to his political activism, including incitement to hatred. He is an active YouTuber and contributor to the blog Politically Incorrect, and was observed by the Bavarian Office for the Protection of the Constitution for "anti-constitutional extremism" from 2013 until 2022.

He was the primary target of an Islamist terrorist stabbing attack in Mannheim on 31 May 2024. He and five others were stabbed by the attacker, including a police officer who later died of their wounds. Stürzenberger survived.

Stabbing as a terrorist tactic
Stabbing attacks, which have been used as a tactic for thousands of years, became an increasingly common form of terrorism targeting random civilians in the 21st century, in particular during the 2010s and 2020s.
Touch of Soul
Touch of Soul is the only studio album by American contemporary R&B group Art n' Soul, released March 26, 1996 (1996-03-26) via Big Beat Records. The album was co-produced by Craig Kallman and Tony! Toni! Toné! drummer Timothy Christian Riley. It did not chart on the Billboard 200; however, it peaked at #36 on the R&B Albums chart and #27 on the Heatseekers chart.

Two singles were released from the album: "Ever Since You Went Away" and "All My Luv". "Ever Since You Went Away" was the group's only song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #72 in 1996.

Craig Kallman
Craig Kallman is an American entrepreneur and former DJ. He is currently the chairman and CEO of Atlantic Records. His career in music began in the 1980s as a DJ in Manhattan. He is the founder of the independent label Big Beat, which was established in 1986. Later, the label was purchased by Atlantic, where he has worked since 1991.  After the acquisition, Kallman subsequently became its CEO in 2005.

Kallman has a collection of more than 1.5 million records, 150,000 items of music memorabilia and 100,000 compact discs.
Dimethandrolone buciclate
Dimethandrolone buciclate (developmental code name CDB-4386A), or dimethandrolone bucyclate, also known as 7α,11β-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone 17β-buciclate, is a synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a derivative of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) which was developed by the Contraceptive Development Branch (CDB) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and has not been marketed at this time. It is an androgen ester – specifically, the C17β buciclate (4-butylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate) ester of dimethandrolone, (7α,11β-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone) – and acts as a prodrug of dimethandrolone in the body. Dimethandrolone buciclate is or was under investigation as a potential male contraceptive.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Dutch Reformed Church, Steynsburg
The Dutch Reformed Church in Steynsburg is one of the smaller congregations (180 members in 2012) of the Eastern Cape Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church. The congregation is bordered by the congregations of Burgersdorp, Molteno, Hofmeyr, Middelburg and Venterstad.

Steynsburg
Steynsburg is a small town in the Walter Sisulu Local Municipality of the Joe Gqabi District Municipality, Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Steynsburg is located on the intersection of the R56 and R390.

The town lies 64 kilometres (40 mi) south-west of Burgersdorp and 48 kilometres (30 mi) north of Hofmeyr. It developed around the Reformed Church established in 1872 and has been administered by a village management board since 1874. Steynsburg is named after Douwe Gerbrandt Steyn, grandfather of President Paul Kruger.

Steynsburg has a well-established Provincial hospital.
Kamonyama Park
Kamonyama Park (Japanese: 掃部山公園) is a park in Nishi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Located on a hill overlooking Minato Mirai 21, a statue of Naosuke Li, who played key role in the opening of Yokohama Port in 1859, stands in the park. the park is also a popular destination for cherry blossoms during spring.

Statue
A statue is a free-standing sculpture in which the realistic, full-length figures of persons or animals are carved or cast in a durable material such as wood, metal or stone. Typical statues are life-sized or close to life-size. A sculpture that represents persons or animals in full figure, but that is small enough to lift and carry is a statuette or figurine, whilst those that are more than twice life-size are regarded as colossal statues.

Statues have been produced in many cultures from prehistory to the present; the oldest-known statue dating to about 30,000 years ago. Statues represent many different people and animals, real and mythical. Many statues are placed in public places as public art. The world's tallest statue, Statue of Unity, is 182 metres (597 ft) tall and is located near the Narmada dam in Gujarat, India.
Ecstasy (Lou Reed album)
Ecstasy is the eighteenth solo studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released on April 4, 2000, by Reprise Records. A concept album about Reed's personal experiences with marriage and relationships, it is his final rock album that is not a collaboration.

The cover photography is by Stefan Sagmeister, who instructed Reed to masturbate behind a curtain to express the feeling of unashamed ecstasy. The songs "Future Farmers of America" and "Turning Time Around" on the album are adapted from Reed’s collaboration with Robert Wilson, Time Rocker.

Julian Schnabel
Julian Schnabel (born October 26, 1951) is an American painter and filmmaker. In the 1980s, he received international attention for his "plate paintings"—with broken ceramic plates set onto large-scale paintings. Since the 1990s, he has been a proponent of independent arthouse cinema. Schnabel directed Before Night Falls, which became Javier Bardem's breakthrough Academy Award-nominated role, and The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, which was nominated for four Academy Awards. For the latter, he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, and also received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Director and the César Award for Best Director.
Dennis Hackin
Dennis Hackin is an American screenwriter, producer and author best known for such films as Bronco Billy, Wanda Nevada, No Holds Barred and South of Heaven, West of Hell.

Hackin has also written such projects as Weekend War for television.

No Holds Barred (1989 film)
No Holds Barred is a 1989 American action film produced by Michael Rachmil, directed by Thomas J. Wright, written by Dennis Hackin and starring professional wrestler Hulk Hogan (who is billed as executive producer alongside Vince McMahon). It is owned by WWE under a "Shane Distribution Company" copyright and was released by New Line Cinema on June 2, 1989. Released seven years after his appearance in Rocky III, it was Hogan's first starring role.
Faithful Execution of the Law Act of 2014
The Faithful Execution of the Law Act of 2014 (H.R. 3973) was an unsuccessful  bill that would have directed the United States Department of Justice to report to the United States Congress whenever any federal agency refrains from enforcing laws or regulations for any reason. In the report, the government would have to explain why it had decided not to enforce that law.

The bill was introduced in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Congressional Budget Office
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides budget and economic information to Congress. It is headquartered at the Ford House Office Building in Washington, DC. Inspired by California's Legislative Analyst's Office that manages the state budget in a strictly nonpartisan fashion, the CBO was created as a nonpartisan agency by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.

Whereas politicians on both sides of the aisle have criticized the CBO when its estimates have been politically inconvenient, economists and other academics overwhelmingly reject that the CBO is partisan or that it fails to produce credible forecasts. There is a consensus among economists that "adjusting for legal restrictions on what the CBO can assume about future legislation and events, the CBO has historically issued credible forecasts of the effects of both Democratic and Republican legislative proposals."
Carney Park
Carney Park is a United States military recreational facility located in Pozzuoli, Italy.

The 96-acre (39-ha) site is one of the largest facility of the United States in Italy, located at the foot of Monte Corvara, the northern part of the Gauro volcano, occupies the caldera of Campiglione, in the Phlegrean Fields.

It is named after Four Star Admiral Robert B. Carney who served as Chief of Naval Operations during the Eisenhower administration.

It was established on May 21, 1966 under the guidance of the MWR as a recreational structure, to support a series of needs of the U.S. military community present in Italy such as sports facilities and cultural activities as well as for other purely recreational activities.

Pozzuoli
Pozzuoli (Italian: [potˈtswɔːli]; Neapolitan: Pozzule [pətˈtsuːlə]; Latin: Puteoli) is a city and comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is the main city of the Phlegrean Peninsula.
Wacław Wąsowicz
Wacław Wąsowicz (25 August 1891 – 6 October 1942) was a Polish painter and printmaker.

Wacław Wasowicz studied art with Wojciech Gerson (1909–1910), afterwards he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw (1911–1914), where he was taught by Ignacy Pieńkowski. He had also studied at the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, where he was a student of Jacek Malczewski (1914). He had made his artwork using trompe-l'œil, printmaking, watercolour, he painted on fabric, and on ceramic.

His wife Janina Raabe-Wąsowiczowa was a social worker, and a member of the Konrad Żegota Committee.

Portrait of Lady with Tulips  (1921)

Portrait of Wife  (1928)

Textile arts
Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.

Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization. The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same, there are many functions for textiles. Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house/shelter. The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.  Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean. The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.  The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology: the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion.
Caloptilia flavella
Caloptilia flavella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada (Nova Scotia and Québec) and the United States (Connecticut, Maine and Vermont).

The larvae feed on Myrica caroliniensis, Myrica cerifera and Myrica gale. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Myrica caroliniensis
Myrica caroliniensis is a shrub or small tree native to the coast and coastal plains of southeastern North America. Its common names include bayberry, southern bayberry, pocosin bayberry, and evergreen bayberry. It sees uses in the garden and for candlemaking, as well as a medicinal plant.
2016 West Virginia elections
West Virginia held elections on November 8, 2016. Elections for the United States House, as well as for several statewide offices including the governorship were held. These elections were held concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election and other elections nationwide. Primary elections were held on May 10, 2016.

Earl Ray Tomblin
Earl Ray Tomblin (born March 15, 1952) is an American politician who served as the 35th governor of West Virginia from 2011 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served in the West Virginia Senate from 1980 to 2011 and as president of the West Virginia Senate from 1995 to 2011. Tomblin became acting governor in November 2010 following Joe Manchin's election to the U.S. Senate. He won a special election in October 2011 to fill the unexpired term ending on January 14, 2013, and was elected to a full term as governor in November 2012.
Albert Rothenberg
Albert Rothenberg (born June 2, 1930) is an American psychiatrist who has carried out long term research on the creative process in literature, art, science and psychotherapy. As Principal Investigator of the research project Studies in the Creative Process, Rothenberg has focused on the creative processes of consensually recognized and defined creators. These have included Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology; Pulitzer Prize and other literary prize winners; and consensually designated young literary and artistic creators.

He has also practiced clinical psychiatry and been administrator and therapist at the Yale Psychiatric Institute, New Haven, Connecticut; John Dempsey Hospital in Farmington, Connecticut; the Austen Riggs Center in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, as well as undertakinging private psychiatric outpatient practice in Chatham, New York.

Chatham, New York
Chatham /ˈtʃætəm/ is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 4,104 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 4,128 in 2010.

The town has a village also called Chatham on its southern town line. The town is at the northern border of Columbia County.
Taconnaz station
Taconnaz station (French: Gare de Taconnaz) is a railway station in the commune of Les Houches, in the French department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine line of SNCF.

Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway
The Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway (French: Ligne de Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet à Vallorcine), also known as the Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine Line, is a single-track 36.5 km (22.7 mi) long metre gauge railway in France connecting the SNCF's Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet station with Vallorcine station and the border with Switzerland (Le Châtelard) through Chamonix. Opened in stages between 1901 and 1908 by the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM), it is part of the main SNCF network as far as Vallorcine. To Le Châtelard (3 km or 1.86 mi) is run by the Swiss company Transports de Martigny et Régions (TMR), which also operates the Martigny–Châtelard Railway.