hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Artale I d'Alagona
Artale I d'Alagona (1320 – 5 February 1389) was a Sicilian nobleman of the House of Alagona, Count of Mistretta and later of Paternò and  Agosta (now Augusta). A central figure in 14th-century Sicilian politics, he served as one of the “Four Vicars” who governed the kingdom during the minority of Queen Maria. Closely tied to the Aragonese dynasty yet pursuing his own “Italian” policy, he was the dominant power in eastern Sicily, ruling from his base at Catania.

Motta Sant'Anastasia
Motta Sant'Anastasia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmɔtta santanastaˈziːa]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Catania.
Netball at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Netball at the 2006 Commonwealth Games was the third netball tournament at the Commonwealth Games. Twelve teams, including the hosts Australia, featured in a series of matches played in March 2006 in Melbourne. The pool stage and classification matches were hosted at the State Netball Hockey Centre while the semi-finals, bronze and gold medal matches were hosted at the Melbourne Multi Purpose Venue. With a team captained by Adine Wilson and coached by Ruth Aitken, New Zealand won the gold medal for the first time with a 60–55 win over Australia. England finished the tournament in third place after defeating Jamaica 53–52 in the bronze medal match.

England national netball team
The England national netball team, also known as the Vitality Roses, represent England Netball in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Netball Quad Series, the Taini Jamison Trophy, the Fast5 Netball World Series and the European Netball Championship. They have also competed at the World Games. England made their Test debut in 1949. Their best result in a major tournament is a gold medal in the 2018 Commonwealth Games. As of 1 June 2025, England are ranked fourth in the World Netball Rankings.
Hepatocyte growth factor
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or scatter factor (SF) is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor. It is secreted by mesenchymal cells and targets and acts primarily upon epithelial cells and endothelial cells, but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells and T cells. It has been shown to have a major role in embryonic organ development, specifically in myogenesis, in adult organ regeneration, and in wound healing.

Haematopoiesis
Haematopoiesis (/hɪˌmætəpɔɪˈiːsɪs, ˌhiːmətoʊ-, ˌhɛmə-/; from Ancient Greek  αἷμα (haîma) 'blood' and  ποιεῖν (poieîn) 'to make'; also hematopoiesis in American English, sometimes h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. In a healthy adult human, roughly ten billion (1010) to a hundred billion (1011) new blood cells are produced per day, in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation.
Ivan Serebrennikov
Ivan Innokentyevich Serebrennikov (Russian: Ива́н Инноке́нтьевич Сере́бренников; 14 July 1882 – 19 June 1953) was a Russian statesman and Siberian regionalist. He served as Chairman of the Administrative Council of the Siberian Republic from 3 September to 3 November 1918 and Minister of Supply for the Russian State from 18 November to 27 December 1918.

Russian State (1918–1920)
The Russian State or East Russia or just Russia  was the White Army anti-Bolshevik Russian state proclaimed by the Act of the Ufa State Conference of September 23, 1918 (the Constitution of the Provisional All-Russian Government), "On the formation of the all-Russian supreme power" in the name of "restoring state unity and independence of Russia" affected by the revolutionary events of 1917, the October Revolution and the signing of the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany.
Buffalo Gas Light Company Works
Buffalo Gas Light Company Works is a historic gas works located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York.  After the main gas works structure was razed, the West Genesee Street facade was preserved and later incorporated into the headquarters of HealthNow New York.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Gasworks
A gasworks or gas house is fundamentally a scalable (by output quantity) flammable Gas Producer/generator whose size depends on the scale of the gas distribution system it supports.

Coal-based town gas production was generally displaced by petroleum-based gas and natural gas. However, Great Britain continued her use of coal-based town gas until the North Sea natural gas discoveries in the 1960s and 1970s. Many of these have been made redundant in the developed world by the use of natural gas, though they are still used for storage space.
Soybean meal
Soybean meal is used in food and animal feeds, principally as a protein supplement, but also as a source of metabolizable energy. Typically 1 bushel (i.e. 60 lbs. or 27.2 kg) of soybeans yields 48 lbs. (21.8 kg) of soybean meal. Most soybean meal is defatted, produced as a co-product of soybean oil extraction. Some, but not all, soybean meal contains ground soybean hulls. Soybean meal is  heat-treated during production, to denature the trypsin inhibitors of soybeans, which would otherwise interfere with protein digestion.

Bushel
A bushel (abbreviation: bsh. or bu.) is an imperial and US customary unit of volume, based upon an earlier measure of dry capacity. The old bushel was used mostly for agricultural products, such as wheat: in modern usage, the volume is nominal, with bushels denoting a mass defined differently for each commodity.

The name "bushel" is also used to translate similar units in other measurement systems.
Sweedie
Sweedie (also known as My Sweedie, The Swedish Maid}) is a fictional character portrayed by actor Wallace Beery in drag in a series of comedy films from 1914 to 1916. The series is notable as the means by which Beery, a particularly masculine actor (which is the series' joke), first made his name in the film industry.

Drag (entertainment)
Drag is a performance of exaggerated femininity, masculinity, or other forms of gender expression, usually for entertainment purposes. Drag usually involves cross-dressing. A drag queen is someone (usually male) who performs femininely and a drag king is someone (usually female) who performs masculinely. Performances often involve comedy, music, social satire, and at times political commentary. The term may be used as a noun as in the expression in drag or as an adjective as in drag show.
4th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
The 4th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade (Russian: 4-я отдельная гвардейская мотострелковая бригада, 4 омсбр; Military Unit Number 74347) is a military unit of the Russian Ground Forces. Until January 1, 2023, it was part of the Luhansk People's Militia. It is attached to the 3rd Guards Combined Arms Army.

Russian Ground Forces
The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопу́тные войска́ [СВ], romanized: Sukhopútnye Voyská [SV]), also known as the Russian Army in English, are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of the state borders and land-based combat operations.
The president of Russia is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces is appointed by the president of Russia. The Main Command of the Ground Forces is based in Moscow.
Supersymetriya
Supersymetriya (Ukrainian: Суперсиметрія) is a studio album by the Ukrainian alternative rock band Okean Elzy released in 2003.

Okean Elzy's frontman Svyatoslav Vakarchuk has a Ph.D. in the field of supersymmetry.

Sviatoslav Vakarchuk
Sviatoslav Ivanovych "Slava" Vakarchuk (Ukrainian: Святослав Іванович "Слава" Вакарчук; born 14 May 1975) is a Ukrainian musician, politician, public activist, and soldier. He is the lead vocalist of Okean Elzy, a rock band in Ukraine. Vakarchuk is a former People's Deputy of Ukraine, and the founder of the Voice (in May 2019).

Vakarchuk was active in supporting the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan, and is involved in many social and cultural projects. He is one of the most successful musicians in Ukraine and has a PhD degree in theoretical physics.

Vakarchuk is the son of Ivan Vakarchuk, a professor of physics at Lviv University and a former Ukrainian  Minister of Education and Science.
Jamaica–Mexico relations
The nations of Jamaica and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1966. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.

Kamina Johnson Smith
Kamina Elizabeth Johnson Smith is a Jamaican attorney-at-law and Senator. Johnson Smith is Jamaica's first female Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade. Since 2016, Johnson Smith has served concurrently as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade and Leader of Government Business in the Senate.
Moisés Esmeralda
Moises Esmeralda is a paralympic athlete from Spain competing mainly in category F11 long and triple jump events.

Moises was amongst the Spanish team that travelled to Atlanta for the 1996 Summer Paralympics where he competed in the triple jump and long jump.  Unfortunately he failed to registered a performance in the long jump before finishing second in the long jump to France's Stephane Bozzolo who won in a new Paralympic record.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
Jim Savage (shot putter)
James Leslie Herbert Savage MBE (1 July 1936 – 20 February 2023) was a New Zealand Paralympic athletics competitor.  He won bronze medals at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Paralympics in the shot put 3 event.

In the 1977 New Year Honours, Savage was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to paraplegics and sport.

Savage died on 20 February 2023, at the age of 86.

1972 Summer Paralympics
The 1972 Summer Paralympics (German: Paralympische Sommerspiele 1972), the fourth edition of the Paralympic Games, were held in Heidelberg, West Germany, from 2 to 11 August 1972. Organised under the guidance of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF), they were known as the 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games at the time. The games ended 15 days before the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, also in West Germany.
2015 Porsche Carrera Cup Germany
The 2015 Porsche Carrera Cup Deutschland season was the 30th German Porsche Carrera Cup season. It began on 3 May at Hockenheim and finished on 18 October at the same circuit, after eighteen races, with two races at each event. It was a support championship for the 2015 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters.

Hockenheim
Hockenheim (German: [ˈhɔkn̩haɪm] ⓘ) is a town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 20 km south of Mannheim and 10 km west of Walldorf. It is located in the Upper Rhine valley on the tourist theme routes "Baden Asparagus Route" (Badische Spargelstraße) and Bertha Benz Memorial Route. The town is widely known for its Hockenheimring, a motor racing course, which has hosted over 30 Formula One German Grand Prix races since 1970.

Hockenheim is one of the six largest towns in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district; since 1999 the number of inhabitants exceeded the 20,000 threshold, thus the town received the status of a regional central town (Große Kreisstadt) in 2001. It is twinned with the French town of Commercy, the German town of Hohenstein-Ernstthal in Saxony and the American town of Mooresville, North Carolina.
Waimea County
Waimea County was one of the counties of New Zealand on the South Island.

During the period 1853 to 1876, the area that would become Waimea County was administered as part of Nelson Province. With the Abolition of Provinces Act 1876, Waimea County was created, taking over administration of its area in January 1877. The county council's administrative headquarters was located in Richmond.

Waimea County existed until the 1989 local government reforms, when the Tasman District was formed through the amalgamation of the Waimea County, Golden Bay County, Murchison County and Richmond Borough administrative areas.

1989 New Zealand local government reforms
The 1989 New Zealand local government reform was the most significant reform of local government in New Zealand in over a century. Some 850 local bodies were amalgamated into 86 local authorities, on regional and territorial levels. The new authorities were established on 1 November, following the election of members on 14 October 1989.
Jean Walton
Jean Brosius Walton (March 6, 1914 – July 5, 2006) was an American academic administrator and women's studies scholar. She spent the bulk of her career at Pomona College in Claremont, California.

Born to a Pennsylvania Quaker family, Walton grew up at George School and studied mathematics at Swarthmore College, Brown University and the University of Pennsylvania. She joined Pomona College in 1949 as the Dean of Women, and was promoted to dean of students in 1969 and vice president for student affairs in 1976, three years before her formal retirement. During her tenure, she advocated for women's education, engaged with student protests against the Vietnam War, oversaw reform of residential life policies to eliminate parietal rules, and co-founded the Claremont Colleges' Intercollegiate Women's Studies Program. She earned widespread recognition for her work and was praised by colleagues for her independent and dignified personality.

Academic administration
Academic administration is a branch of university or college employees responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the institution and separate from the faculty or academics, although some personnel may have joint responsibilities. Some type of separate administrative structure exists at almost all academic institutions. Fewer institutions are governed by employees who are also involved in academic or scholarly work. Many senior administrators are academics who have advanced degrees and no longer teach or conduct research.
Wendover Woods
Wendover Woods is an area of woodland on the north edge of the Chiltern Hills in England. Named after the nearby town of Wendover, the woods are part of the Public Forest Estate and are managed by Forestry England.

Covering 325 ha (800 acres), the woods are a mixture of coniferous and broad-leaved trees. There are several signed walks for recreation, as well as bridleways, picnic and barbecue areas and a children's playground. A Go Ape treetop adventure course opened in 2008.

There are views of the countryside in the Aylesbury Vale to the north, and a stone monument marking the highest point of the Chilterns which lies within the woods on Haddington Hill.

The Aston Hill Mountain Bike Area is at the edge of the woods.

Broad-leaved tree
A broad-leaved, broad-leaf, or broadleaf tree is any tree within the diverse botanical group of angiosperms that has flat leaves and produces seeds inside of fruits. It is one of two general types of trees, the other being a conifer, a tree with needle-like or scale-like leaves and seeds borne in woody cones. Broad-leaved trees are sometimes known as hardwoods.

Most deciduous trees are broad-leaved, but some are coniferous, like larches.
Kemberg (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Kemberg was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("administrative community") in the district of Wittenberg, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was Kemberg. It was disbanded on 1 January 2010.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft of Kemberg consisted of the following municipalities (population in 2005 in brackets):

Dabrun (686)

Eutzsch (658)

Kemberg * (4,784)

Rackith (682)

Radis (1,354)

Rotta (892)

Schleesen (537)

Selbitz (410)

Uthausen (212)

Wartenburg (824)

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
Holy Terror (album)
Holy Terror is an album by rap/spoken word pioneers the Last Poets, released in 1995. The album was financed and released by P-Vine Records in Japan and then released by Rykodisc Records in the United States and the United Kingdom later that same year, with a rerelease in 2004 by Innerhythmic. The U.S. and UK releases contain a bonus track titled "Black and Strong (Homesick)."

Bill Laswell
William Otis Laswell (born February 12, 1955) is an American bass guitarist, record producer, and record label owner. He has been involved in thousands of recordings with many collaborators from all over the world. His music draws from funk, world music, jazz, dub, and ambient styles.

According to music critic Chris Brazier, "Laswell's pet concept is 'collision music' which involves bringing together musicians from wildly divergent but complementary spheres and seeing what comes out." Although his bands may be credited under the same name and often feature the same roster of musicians, the styles and themes explored on different albums can vary dramatically. Material began as a noisy dance music band, but later albums concentrated on hip hop, jazz, or spoken word readings by William S. Burroughs. Most versions of the band Praxis have included guitarist Buckethead, but they have explored different permutations on albums.
Von Richter reaction
The von Richter reaction, also named von Richter rearrangement, is a name reaction in the organic chemistry. It is named after Victor von Richter, who discovered this reaction in year 1871. It is the reaction of aromatic nitro compounds with  potassium cyanide in aqueous ethanol to give the product of cine substitution (ring substitution resulting in the entering group positioned adjacent to the previous location of the leaving group) by a carboxyl group.  Although it is not generally synthetically useful due to the low chemical yield and formation of numerous side products, its mechanism was of considerable interest, eluding chemists for almost 100 years before the currently accepted one was proposed.

Nitro compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, C−H bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution.  Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid.
Antônio Moreira César
Antônio Moreira César (9 July 1850 – 4 March 1897) was a Brazilian military officer and governor. He fought on the side of the government forces in the Naval Revolts, the Federalist Revolution and the War of Canudos, and served as the governor of Santa Catarina state in 1894, where he ordered numerous summary executions and extrajudicial killings, particularly the Baron of Batovi, a decorated war hero of the Paraguayan War.

Moreira César was killed in action fighting against the rebels of Antônio Conselheiro during the War of Canudos.

Antônio Conselheiro
Antônio Conselheiro, in English "Anthony the Counselor", real name Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel (13 March 1830 – 22 September 1897), was a Brazilian religious leader, preacher and founder of the village of Canudos, the scene of the War of Canudos (1896–1897), a civil rebellion against the central government which was brutally stamped out with the loss of more than 25,000 lives.
WDCC (FM)
WDCC (90.5 FM) is a college radio station broadcasting a rhythmic contemporary hit radio format. Licensed to Sanford, North Carolina, United States, the station serves the Sanford area. The station is owned by Central Carolina Community College.

Central Carolina Community College
Central Carolina Community College (CCCC) is a public community college with campuses in Chatham, Harnett and Lee counties. Established in 1961, CCCC is part of the North Carolina Community College System and offers a diverse range of academic and career and technical programs to meet the educational needs of its communities.
Ligaya Fernando-Amilbangsa
Ligaya Fernando-Amilbangsa (born October 9, 1942) is a Filipino dancer and academic known for her studies and promotion of the pangalay dance tradition of the southern Philippines and is a recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award.

She was nominated by former senator Miriam Defensor Santiago to be included in the list of National Living Treasures or Gawad Manlilika ng Bayan (GAMABA), the highest honor bestowed on individuals who have contributed immensely on indigenous culture and arts.

Ramon Magsaysay Award
The Ramon Magsaysay Award (Filipino: Gawad Ramon Magsaysay) is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society. The prize was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government. It is often called the "Nobel Prize of Asia".
Everything's Trash
Everything's Trash is an American comedy television series that premiered on July 13, 2022 on Freeform. It was created by Phoebe Robinson. In November 2022, the series was canceled after one season. The series was removed from Hulu and Disney+ simultaneously on May 26, 2023.

Jordan Carlos
Jordan Carlos (born February 2, 1978) is an American stand-up comedian who played a recurring character on The Colbert Report and was a co-host on the Nickelodeon kids' show Me TV. He also appeared as a panelist and reporter on The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore.
Common assault
Common assault is an offence in English law. It is committed by a person who causes another person to apprehend the immediate use of unlawful violence by the defendant. In England and Wales, the penalty and mode of trial for this offence is provided by section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988.

Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.
Asparagus beetle
Crioceris, or asparagus beetle, is a genus belonging to the family Chrysomelidae of beetles. The name is Neo-Latin from Greek κριός, ram and κέρας, horn.
 Not all species in the genus Crioceris feed on asparagus (e.g., C. nigropicta). Some studies have found low genetic diversity among groups of isolated Chrysomelidae, and use Wolbachia species as a genetic marker.

Wolbachia
Wolbachia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria infecting many species of arthropods and filarial nematodes. The relationship between Wolbachia and its hosts ranges from parasitism through benign symbiosis up to obligate mutualism. It is one of the most common parasitic microbes of arthropods, and is possibly the most widespread reproductive parasite bacterium in the biosphere. Its interactions with hosts are complex and highly diverse across the various species in which it is found. Some host species cannot reproduce, or even survive, absent internal Wolbachia colonies. One study concluded that more than 16% of neotropical insect species carry bacteria of this genus, and as many as 25 to 70% of all insect species are estimated to be potential hosts.