hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Blaiberg
Philip Blaiberg (24 May 1909 – 17 August 1969) was a South African dentist and the third person to receive a heart transplant. On 2 January 1968, in Cape Town, Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the third heart transplant in the world on the 59 year old Blaiberg (Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz performed the world's second heart transplant, on a baby in the US, three days after Dr. Barnard performed the first). Blaiberg survived the operation, and continued with his life for 19 months and 15 days before dying from heart complications on 17 August 1969. The success of Blaiberg's heart transplant furthered the progress made in regard to heart transplantation.

Heart transplantation
A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplant, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. As of 2018, the most common procedure is to take a functioning heart from a recently deceased organ donor (brain death is the most common) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own heart is either removed and replaced with the donor heart (orthotopic procedure) or, much less commonly, the recipient's diseased heart is left in place to support the donor heart (heterotopic, or "piggyback", transplant procedure).

Approximately 5,000 heart transplants are performed each year worldwide, more than half of which are in the US. Post-operative survival periods average 15 years. Heart transplantation is not considered to be a cure for heart disease; rather it is a life-saving treatment intended to improve the quality and duration of life for a recipient.
2023 Croatia Open Umag – Singles
Alexei Popyrin defeated Stan Wawrinka in the final, 6–7(5–7), 6–3, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Croatia Open Umag. It was his second ATP Tour singles title.

Jannik Sinner was the reigning champion, but chose not to defend his title.

Filip Misolic
Filip Misolic (Croatian: Filip Mišolić, pronounced [filip miʃolitɕ]; born 8 August 2001) is an Austrian tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 76 achieved on 9 February 2026. He is currently the No. 1 Austrian player.
Hadhramaut Mountains
The Hadhramaut Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال حَضْرَمَوْت, romanized: Jibāl Ḥaḍramawt), also known as the "Mahrat Mountains" (Arabic: جِبَال ٱلْمَهْرَة, romanized: Jibāl Al-Mahrah), are a mountain range in Yemen. They are contiguous with the Omani Dhofar Mountains to the northeast, and James Canton considered Aden in the southwest to be in the mountains' recesses.

Historically, the area was ruled by Qu'aiti and Kathiri sultanates. The tribal society (Hadramatis) grows wheat and millet, produces also dates, coconuts, and coffee. The area was also known for its frankincense.

Qu'aiti
Qu'aiti, officially the Qu'aiti State of Shihr and Mukalla, was a sultanate in the Hadhramaut region of South Arabia, in what is now Yemen. The Sultanate spanned the Indian Ocean coast up to the border of Mahra, encompassed the historic city of Shabwa, the central valleys and oasis settlements of Hadhramaut, and controlled the southern Empty Quarter. Its capital was Mukalla, and it was divided into six Banners (provinces), namely Mukalla, ash-Shihr, Shibam, Wadi Doan, the Western Province, and Hijr. Mukalla, ash-Shihr, and Shibam were the Sultanate's major cities.
Peter Utzschneider
Peter Utzschneider (born 6 March 1946) is a retired West German bobsledder who mostly competed as a brakeman together with Wolfgang Zimmerer. They competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Winter Olympics and won three medals, with one gold (two-man in 1972), and two bronzes (four-man in 1972 and 1976).

Utzschneider and Zimmerer won nine medals at the FIBT World Championships, with four golds (two-man: 1973, 1974; four-man: 1969, 1973), three silvers (two-man: 1970, four-man: 1970, 1975), and two bronzes (four-man: 1971, 1973). They also collected 10 medals at the European championships, including five golds: in two-man in 1968, 1972, and 1973, and in the four-man in 1970 and 1973.

FIBT World Championships 1969
The FIBT World Championships 1969 took place in Lake Placid, New York, United States for the third time, hosting the event previously in 1949, and 1961. This also marked the first time both events were able to be competed since 1965.
Invasion from East to West in Cuba
The Invasion from East to West took place on the island of Cuba, and began on October 22, 1895, in Mangos de Baraguá, in the former province of Oriente. It was organized and directed by Antonio Maceo Grajales and Máximo Gómez. The Liberation Army, guided by the firmness of taking the fight against Spanish colonialism to all corners of Cuba, starred in one of the most relevant events in Cuban history. In the midst of the "Cuban War of Independence", inspired by José Martí, that campaign responded to the old desire of the insurgent generals Maceo and Gómez. These launched the strategy of limiting the liberation struggle to the eastern territory of the Island, but rather extending it throughout the entire Cuban territory to force Spain to fight simultaneously in the six provinces that the country had at that time, in order to weaken it on all fronts.

Antonio Maceo
Lt. General José Antonio de la Caridad Maceo y Grajales (June 14, 1845 – December 7, 1896) was a Cuban general and second-in-command of the Cuban Army of Independence.

Fellow Cubans gave Maceo the nickname "The Bronze Titan" (Spanish: el Titán de Bronce), nickname that he earned after being wounded several times in battle. Spaniards referred to Maceo as the "Greater Lion" (el León Mayor). Maceo was one of the most noteworthy guerrilla leaders in 19th century Latin America, comparable to José Antonio Páez of Venezuela in military acumen.
Caufield
Caufield is an Irish surname, a variation to the name Caulfield. Notable people with the surname include:

Cole Caufield (born 2001), American ice hockey player

Frank J. Caufield (1939–2019), American businessman

James Caufield, American photographer

Jay Caufield (born 1960), American ice hockey player

LaNeishea Caufield (born 1980), American basketball player

Frank J. Caufield
Frank J. Caufield (1939 – November, 2019) was a co-founder and named partner of the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, based in Menlo Park, California.

From 1973 to 1978, Caufield was a general partner and manager of Oak Grove Ventures, a venture capital firm in Menlo Park, California. He was a past president of both the Western Association of Venture Capitalists and the National Venture Capital Association.

Caufield served on the boards of Quantum Corporation, Caremark Inc., AOL Inc., Megabios, VeriFone Inc., Wyse Technology, Quickturn Corporation and Time Warner. He was a director of The U.S. Russia Investment Fund, Refugees International, was a board member of the Council on Foreign Relations, an advisor to the European venture capital fund HealthCap and served as chairman of the Child Abuse Prevention Society of San Francisco.

Caufield graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1962 and completed an MBA from the Harvard Business School in 1968.
Miracle in Milan
Miracle in Milan (Italian: Miracolo a Milano) is a 1951 Italian fantasy comedy film directed by Vittorio De Sica.  The screenplay was co-written by Cesare Zavattini and De Sica, based on Zavattini's 1943 novel Totò il Buono. Told as a neo-realist fable, the film depicts the lives of a poverty-stricken group in post-WWII Milan, Italy, led by Totò, a kind and cheerful orphan. The film stars Francesco Golisano as Totò, alongside an ensemble cast that includes Emma Gramatica, Paolo Stoppa, Guglielmo Barnabò, and Brunella Bovo.

In 2008, Miracle in Milan was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage's list of 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

Italian economic miracle
The Italian economic miracle or Italian economic boom (Italian: il miracolo economico italiano or il boom economico italiano) is the term used by historians, economists, and the mass media to designate the prolonged period of strong economic growth in Italy after World War II to the late 1960s, and in particular the years from 1958 to 1963. This phase of Italian history represented not only a cornerstone in the economic and social development of the country—which was transformed from a poor, mainly rural, nation into a global industrial power—but also a period of momentous change in Italian society and culture. As summed up by one historian, by the end of the 1970s, "social security coverage had been made comprehensive and relatively generous. The material standard of living had vastly improved for the great majority of the population."
Reena Pärnat
Reena Pärnat (born 1 December 1993 in Pärnu, Estonia) is an Estonian archer who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Pärnat scored 621 points from 720 in the preliminary ranking round of the women's individual event, which determined the seedings for the subsequent elimination rounds, placing 52nd of the 64 competitors. She was eliminated in the first round of the competition by Mexico's Alejandra Valencia.

Pärnat later contested the 2015 Summer Universiade in Gwangju while enrolled at the University of Tartu. Her eighth-place finish in the women's individual event represented the highest ever position achieved by an Estonian archer at the Games. In 2018 she became the first Estonian to win a World Archery Federation-sanctioned tournament whose results contributed to the World Archery Rankings.

2015 Summer Universiade
The 2015 Summer Universiade (Korean: 2015년 하계 유니버시아드, romanized: Icheon sip-o nyeon Hagye Yunibeosiadeu), officially known as the XXVIII Summer Universiade (Korean: 제28회 하계 유니버시아드, romanized: Jeisippalhoe Hagye Yunibeosiadeu) and also known as Gwangju 2015 (Korean: 광주2015, romanized: Gwangju Icheon sip-o) was a multi-sport event for student and youth athletes sanctioned by the International University Sports Federation (FISU), held in the city of Gwangju, South Korea. It took place from July 3 to July 14, 2015.
Tuntable Creek, New South Wales
Tuntable Creek is a locality in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It sits within the City of Lismore local government area and is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of Lismore and nearby to The Channon village. In the 2021 census it had a population of 215 people.

The Traditional owners are the Widjabul and Wia-bal people of the Bundjalung Nation.

The Channon, New South Wales
The Channon is a village in the Northern Rivers area of New South Wales, Australia. It is about 18 kilometres northwest of Lismore and about 21 km from Nimbin, NSW.  It is part of the City of Lismore.

The traditional owners of this area are the Wiyabal people of the Bundjalung nation.

The name of the village, Channon, comes from a local Aboriginal term for the Burrawang palm, having been derived from the word dganon (from the Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages), which is a type of cycad that proliferates along the ridgelines in the area.
Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (SHSU-COM) is the medical school of Sam Houston State University in Conroe, Texas. Founded in 2019, the college confers the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. The campus consists of a five-story, 107,000 square-foot building on 7.3 acres. In 2024, SHSU-COM received full Accreditation with Exceptional Outcomes from the American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA). The college employs 20 full-time clinical faculty, 17 full-time biomedical science faculty, and 37 staff members.

In its 2023-2024 Rankings, the medical school was unranked in research and primary care in the  U.S. News & World Report of best medical schools.

Conroe, Texas
Conroe is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Texas, United States, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Houston. It is a principal city in the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area.

As of 2024, the population was 114,581. Since 2007, the city has increased in size (and population) by annexation, with the city territory expanding from 52.8 to 74.4 square miles. Some communities have attempted to fight such annexation. According to the Census Bureau, Conroe was the fastest-growing large city in the United States between July 1, 2015, and July 1, 2016.
Hecamede
In the Iliad, Hecamede (Ancient Greek: Ἑκαμήδη), daughter of Arsinoos, was captured from the isle of Tenedos and given as captive to King Nestor. In her most prolonged mention, she serves Pramnian wine, a medicinal drink, to Nestor and Machaon.

Machaon (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Machaon (/məˈkeɪ.ən/; Ancient Greek: Μαχάων, romanized: Macháōn) was a son of Asclepius; and the older brother of Podalirius. He and his brother led an army from Tricca in the Trojan War on the side of the Greeks.
Bergljot
Bergljot is a Norwegian feminine given name. Notable people with the surname include:

Bergljót Arnalds (born 1968), Icelandic actress, writer, television representative and producer

Bergljot Håkonsdatter (c. 990–c. 1055), Norwegian noble

Bergljot Hobæk Haff (1925–2016), Norwegian educator and novelist

Bergljot Sandvik-Johansen (1922–2020), Norwegian gymnast, figure skater, and sports official

Bergljot Larsson (1883–1968), Norwegian nurse, educator, editor and organizational leader

Bergljot Webster (born 1966), Norwegian judge

Bergljot Webster
Bergljot Cecilie Webster (born 16 February 1966) is a Norwegian judge.

She was born in Oslo, and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1992. She worked in the Office of the Attorney General of Norway from 1993 to 2000, from 1999 with access to Supreme Court cases. She then worked as a lawyer in the Nordisk Defence Club from 2000 to 2004, and in the law firms Sørlie Wilhelmsen and Hjort between 2004 and 2009. She became a Supreme Court Justice in 2009. In 2014 she will have a one-year absence of leave.

She is married, has two daughters and resides at Billingstad.
Guanidine
Guanidine is the compound with the formula HNC(NH2)2. It is a colourless solid that dissolves in polar solvents. It is a strong base that is used in the production of plastics and explosives. It is found in urine predominantly in patients experiencing renal failure. A guanidine moiety also appears in larger organic molecules, including on the side chain of arginine.

Moiety (chemistry)
In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/ MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them. Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.

A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.

The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.
Rudy Habibie
Rudy Habibie: Habibie & Ainun 2 (stylized in the poster as {rudy habibie} (Habibie & Ainun 2)) is a 2016 Indonesian biographical historical drama film directed by Hanung Bramantyo. It is a prequel of Habibie & Ainun. The film stars Reza Rahadian, Chelsea Islan, Boris Bokir, Ernest Prakasa, Pandji Pragiwaksono, Rey Bong and Bastian Bintang Simbolon.

Hanung Bramantyo
Setiawan Hanung Bramantyo (born 1 October 1975) is an Indonesian director known for his films ranging from teen romances to religious dramas.

After becoming interested in theatre as a child, Bramantyo made his directorial debut with the 1998 short film Tlutur. He made his feature-length debut in 2004, with Brownies. After making several commercial films, he directed the 2008 religious romance Ayat-Ayat Cinta, which was a critical and commercial success. Since then he has directed several more films with religious themes, as well as two sports-related ones.

Bramantyo's works have been noted as covering a variety of genres and political ideologies, with most of his early works being teen romances while his more recent works have been religious dramas. He has also seen controversy for his portrayal of Islam. However, his films have received numerous awards, including two Citra Awards for Best Director at the Indonesian Film Festival.
Sayuri Shimizu
Sayuri Shimizu (清水 小百合, Shimizu Sayuri; born January 14, 1989 in Hamamatsu) is a Japanese short-track speed-skater.

Shimizu competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for the Japan. In the 1000 metres she was fourth in her heat, failing to advance, and placing 25th overall. As a member of the Japanese 3000 metre relay team, she finished third in the heat, and then second in the B Final, ending up 5th overall.

As of September 2014, Shimizu's best performance at the World Championships came in 2013, when she won a bronze medal as a member of the Japanese 3000m relay team. Her best individual finish was 18th, in the 2013 500m.

As of September 2014, Shimizu has eight ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup podium finishes, as part of the relay team, with the best a pair of silver medals. Her top World Cup ranking is 12th, in the 500 metres in 2012–13.

Hamamatsu
Hamamatsu (浜松市, Hamamatsu-shi) is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. In September 2023, the city had an estimated population of 780,128 in 340,591 households, making it the prefecture's largest city, with a population density of 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi) over the total urban area of 1,558.06 km2 (601.57 sq mi). The city ranked first in the happiness index of Japan's government-designated cities, published by the Japan Research Institute, in both 2018 and 2022.
Neoconocephalus retusus
Neoconocephalus retusus, the round-tipped conehead, is a species of katydid or bush cricket in the family Tettigoniidae. It is found in the eastern United States and southern Canada.

Adult round-tipped coneheads range from 37 to 52 mm in length, and are commonly found in wet grassy and weedy areas during August, September, and October.

Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

Many species are nocturnal in habit, having strident mating calls and may exhibit mimicry or camouflage, commonly with shapes and colours similar to leaves.
Brandon McGowan
Brandon McGowan (born September 16, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football for the Maine Black Bears.

Maine Black Bears football
The Maine Black Bears football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Maine located in the U.S. state of Maine. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference. Maine's first football team was fielded in 1892. The team plays its home games at the 8,419 seat Alfond Stadium in Orono, Maine.
Jean-Philippe Fleurian
Jean-Philippe Fleurian (French: [ʒɑ̃ filip flœʁjɑ̃]; born 11 September 1965) is a former tennis player from France, who turned professional in 1985. In his career, he won one doubles title (1996, Marseille). The right-hander reached his highest ranking on the ATP Tour on 30 April 1990, when he became world No. 37. He now is retired and has two daughters.

Fleurian is today a member of the 'Champions for Peace' club, a group of 70 famous elite athletes committed to serving peace in the world through sport, created by Peace and Sport, a Monaco-based international organization.

Peace and Sport
Peace and Sport (also known as "L’Organisation pour la Paix par le Sport") is a sports organization based in Monaco under the patronage of Prince Albert II of Monaco.

Ivorian footballer Didier Drogba became the organization's Vice President after retiring from professional football in late 2018.

Argentine footballer Lionel Messi is a recipient of Peace and Sport's Champions for Peace Award.
Florin Șerban
Florin Șerban (Romanian pronunciation: [floˈrin ʃerˈban]; born 21 January 1975 in Reșița) is a Romanian film director whose film If I Want to Whistle, I Whistle won the Jury Grand Prix and the Alfred Bauer Prize at the 2010 Berlin Film festival. The film was also selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards but it did not make the final shortlist.

His second movie, Box (2015) premiered at the Karlovy Vary Film Festival and won the FIPRESCI Award. It was also presented at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2015 and at other 10 national and international festivals.

His third film - Love 1. Dog (2018) opens The Trilogy of Love, three films about three ways of loving. It won the Cineuropa Prize and Art Cinema Prize at 2018 Sarajevo International Film Festival.

His fourth movie is Love 2. America (2020), the second part of The Trilogy of Love.

Alfred Bauer Prize
The Alfred Bauer Prize was an annual film award, presented by the Berlin International Film Festival, as part of its Silver Bear series of awards, to a film that "opens new perspectives on cinematic art". The prize was suspended in 2020 after it was revealed that the founding director of the festival Alfred Bauer had been an active high-ranking Nazi closely involved in a propaganda organisation set up by Joseph Goebbels. The award was presented by the international jury under the title “The Silver Bear – 70th Berlinale”, for that year edition of the festival.
John de Rait
John de Rait [Raith, Rathe, Rate, Rathet] was a 14th-century Scottish cleric. The name "Rait" probably links him to the village of Rait in Gowrie, although the name "Rath" – Gaelic for a type of enclosed settlement – is common to many settlements in Scotland. Rait, at some unknown university, attained a Master's Degree in his youth; he was Archdeacon of Aberdeen between 1342 and 1350, and Precentor of Elgin Cathedral between 1349 and 1350. He resigned both positions in 1350 because in that year he became Bishop of Aberdeen. He held this position for five years, dying sometime before 9 June 1355 and was buried in the choir of Aberdeen Cathedral.

Rait
Rait (/reɪt/; Scottish Gaelic: Ráth) is a small village in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies 2+1⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) northwest of Errol, in the Gowrie area west of Dundee,  on a minor road crossing the Sidlaw Hills through the Glen of Rait. The village is mainly residential with stone cottages, some modern developments and also features some single storey thatched cottages dating back to the 1700s or early 1800s which form a fermtoun. The former parish church, now ruined, was built in the Middle Ages, and abandoned in the 17th century when the parish of Rait was merged with Kilspindie. The remains of a prehistoric promontory fort lie to the east of the village.  The 16th-century Fingask Castle is located to the north of the village, on the south-facing slopes of the Sidlaw Hills.