hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massacre of Tamines
The massacre of Tamines were the summary executions and mass murder perpetrated by the German army against Belgian civilians in the town of Tamines in Namur, Belgium in the early period of the First World War.

Summary execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial. The term results from the legal concept of summary justice to punish a summary offense, as in the case of a drumhead court-martial, but the term usually denotes the summary execution of a sentence of death. Under international law, it is defined as a combatant's refusal to accept an opponent's lawful surrender and the combatant's provision of no quarter, by killing the surrendering opponents.

Summary executions have been practiced by governments and paramilitary organizations during both peacetime and war, and are usually associated with war crimes and political persecution.
Lancaster Gordon
Lancaster Gordon (born June 24, 1962) is an American former professional basketball player who was selected by the Los Angeles Clippers in the first round (8th pick overall) of the 1984 NBA draft. A 6'3" guard from the University of Louisville, Gordon was selected as the Most Valuable Player in the 1983 NCAA Mideast Regional, and went on to play four NBA seasons for the Clippers from 1984 to 1988. In his career, Gordon played in 201 games and scored a total of 1,125 points.  Gordon also played parts of three seasons in the Continental Basketball Association from 1988 to 1991.  He averaged 8.2 points per game in 39 games for the Pensacola Tornados, La Crosse Catbirds and Sioux Falls Skyforce. He won a CBA championship with the Catbirds in 1990.

Gordon is a member of the University of Louisville Athletics Hall of Fame.

Sioux Falls Skyforce
The Sioux Falls Skyforce are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and are affiliated with the Miami Heat. The team has played its home games in the Sanford Pentagon since the 2013–14 season. The Sioux Falls Skyforce are the longest-running minor-league basketball team in the United States.

The Skyforce began in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) in 1989, playing its home games at Sioux Falls Arena from then until the move to the Pentagon in 2013. It participated in four CBA championship finals, winning the championship trophy in 1996 (defeating the Fort Wayne Fury, four games to one) and 2005 (defeating the Rockford Lightning three games to one).
Bart Ladd
Charles Barton Ladd (born July 18, 1957) is an American former politician in the state of Georgia.

Ladd was born in the city of Boston, Massachusetts. He is an alumnus of Purdue University, receiving a degree in mechanical engineering. He served eight years as a C-130 aircraft commander. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1991 to 1999 and the Georgia State Senate from 1999 to 2003. He lost reelection to the State Senate in 2002. He ran for the State Senate again in 2004, but lost the Republican primary. He and his wife, Christina, have two daughters. He is a pilot for Delta Air Lines.

In 2011, Ladd and his family moved to Maine. In 2016, Ladd ran for the Maine Senate, challenging incumbent Senator Cathy Breen. However, he lost the general election.

Maine Senate
44°18′26″N 69°46′54″W﻿ / ﻿44.307138°N 69.781586°W﻿ / 44.307138; -69.781586

The Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. The Senate currently consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, though the Maine Constitution allows for "an odd number of Senators, not less than 31 nor more than 35". Unlike the lower House, the Senate does not set aside nonvoting seats for Native tribes.  Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine Senate usually have outside employment as well.

The Senate meets at the Maine State House in Augusta. Members are limited to four consecutive terms with each term being two years but may run again after a two-year wait.
Wet sub
A wet sub is a type of underwater vehicle, either a submarine or a submersible, that does not provide a dry environment for its occupants. It is also described as an underwater vehicle where occupants are exposed to ambient environment during operations. The watercraft is classified as medium-sized or small vessel. This type of submarine differs from other underwater personal transport devices by the fact that it has a hull around it and it is not a "bare bones" design.

Usually, scuba divers ride outside the device as one would ride a motorcycle or in a semi-enclosed opening like a kayak or bobsled, although it can be designed to fully enclose its occupant(s) to reduce drag. An enclosed vehicle may also provide a dry viewing chamber for the occupant(s). The sub is generally propelled by an electric motor and is battery powered. The depth and endurance is typically limited by the requirements of the divers, particularly water temperature and breathable air.

Submersible
A submersible is an underwater vehicle which needs to be transported and supported by a larger watercraft or platform. This distinguishes submersibles from submarines, which are self-supporting and capable of prolonged independent operation at sea.

There are many types of submersibles, including both human-occupied vehicles (HOVs) and uncrewed craft, variously known as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Submersibles have many uses including oceanography, underwater archaeology, ocean exploration, tourism, equipment maintenance and recovery and underwater videography.
Network equipment provider
Network equipment providers (NEPs) – sometimes called telecommunications equipment manufacturers (TEMs) –  sell products and services to communication service providers such as fixed or mobile operators as well as to enterprise customers. NEP technology allows for calls on mobile phones, Internet surfing, joining a conference calls, or watching video on demand through IPTV (internet protocol TV).  The history of the NEPs goes back to the mid-19th century when the first telegraph networks were set up. Some of these players still exist today.

Mobile network operator
A mobile network operator (MNO), also known as a mobile network provider, mobile network carrier, mobile , wireless service provider, wireless carrier, wireless operator, wireless telco, or cellular company, is a telecommunications provider of services that sells, delivers and maintains mobile telephony services to an end user.
North Wales, Pennsylvania
North Wales is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It is a suburb of Philadelphia and is one of the three historic population centers that make up the North Penn Valley, which is centered on the borough of Lansdale. It is approximately 27 miles (43 km) north of Center City Philadelphia. The population was 3,426 as of the 2020 census.

Like many small boroughs in Pennsylvania, North Wales' boundaries have not kept pace with population growth. In similar fashion, many businesses and residences with North Wales addresses are located in outlying townships that were never annexed by the borough, such as the Montgomery Mall in Montgomery Township. North Wales is in the North Penn School District.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Yoo Hyun-goo
Yoo Hyun-goo (Korean: 유현구 born 25 January 1983) is a South Korean former professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder. He previously played for Pohang Steelers, Bucheon SK, Jeju United, Gwangju Sangmu, Super Reds, Barito Putera, Kalteng Putra, and Semen Padang.

2018 East Kalimantan Governor Cup
2018 East Kalimantan Governor Cup or 2018 East Borneo Governor Cup (Indonesian: Piala Gubernur Kaltim 2018) was the second edition of East Kalimantan Governor Cup football championship, which was held by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) as pre-season tournament during 2018 Liga 1 season break. The tournament started on 23 February 2018 and ended on 4 March 2018. The broadcasting rights were granted solely to MNCTV.
University of Tartu
The University of Tartu (Estonian: Tartu Ülikool) is a public research university in Tartu, Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia, as well as the largest and oldest university in the country.

The university was founded in 1632 by Gustavus Adolphus, at the time the king of Sweden.

Currently, 15,573 students study at the university, of whom 1,435 are foreigners (9%). Most of the curriculum is instructed in Estonian. There are also 30 programmes taught in English: three at the undergraduate level and 27 at the master's level, including the Erasmus Mundus programme in Excellence in Analytical Chemistry.

The historical buildings of the university are included in the European Heritage Label list as "embodiment of the ideas of a university in the Age of Enlightenment". The university is a member of the Coimbra Group and the Utrecht Network.

The mascot of the university is a blue bird called Tiksu.

Erasmus Mundus
The European Union's Erasmus Mundus programme (named after Erasmus, the Renaissance scholar) aims to enhance quality in higher education through scholarships and academic co-operation between the EU and the rest of the world. The three main objectives of the programme are linked to the internationalisation of students, staff, curricula and research; ensure an influence on the development of practice in Special Education Needs and inclusive education; and to develop international collaborative networks, projects and research.

Erasmus Mundus comprises three actions:

Joint programmes

Partnerships

Attractiveness projects
Pityopsis microcephala
Pityopsis microcephala is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The species inhabits both the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains from southeastern North Carolina to the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, in Louisiana. It typically inhabits drier open habitats such as pine savannas, sandhills, and dry woodlands; but it can also be found in flatwoods (which are generally wetter and have a longer hydroperiod).

Coastal plain
A coastal plain (also coastal plains, coastal lowland, coastal lowlands) is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast. A fall line commonly marks the border between a coastal plain and an upland area.
Alpha Kappa Rho
The Alpha Kappa Rho International Humanitarian Service Fraternity and Sorority (ακρ or AKRHO) is a fraternity established in the Philippines in 1973. The fraternity, comprising men and women from different universities, was originally established to promote loyalty, unity, and integrity in the fraternity amongst its members. It is registered as an International Humanitarian Service Fraternity and Sorority which encourages members to be involved in humanitarian projects and service worldwide. 
The fraternity is registered with the Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission as a non-profit and non-dividend corporation. AKRHO claims to have chapters worldwide.

Members of Alpha Kappa Rho have participated in a series of hazing events and inter-fraternity violence, documented since the early 2000s.

José Rizal University
José Rizal University (formerly José Rizal College or JRC), also referred to by its acronym JRU, is a private non-sectarian, non-stock coeducational basic and higher education institution located in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1919 by Don Vicente Fabella, the Philippines' first certified accountant. José Rizal University is one of the schools situated in the east side of Mandaluyong, the others being the Plaridel Campus of Arellano University and Don Bosco Technical College.
Nakada
Nakada (written: 中田) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akira Nakada (中田 章, 1886–1931), Japanese composer, father of Yoshinao

Asumi Nakada (中田 あすみ, born 1988), Japanese voice actress and child model

Ayu Nakada (仲田 歩夢, born 1993), Japanese footballer

Hiroki Nakada (中田 大貴, born 1992), Japanese footballer

Hiroshi Nakada (中田 宏, born 1964), Japanese politician

Juji Nakada (中田 重治, 1870–1939), co-founder of OMS International and first bishop of Japan Holiness Church

Kenji Nakada (仲田 建二, born 1973), former Japanese footballer

Kumi Nakada (中田 久美, born 1965),  Japanese volleyball player

Pedro Pablo Nakada Ludeña (born 1973), Peruvian serial killer

Yohei Nakada (中田 洋平, born 1983), former Japanese footballer

Yoshinao Nakada (中田 喜直, 1923–2000), Japanese composer

Nakada brothers, nine American siblings who enlisted during World War II

Ayu Nakada
Ayu Nakada (仲田 歩夢; born August 15, 1993) is a Japanese professional football player who currently plays as a midfielder for Japanese WE League club Omiya Ardija Ventus. She played for Japan at the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup and the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, winning silver at the former and bronze at the latter.
Annerose Baier
Annerose Baier, married surname: Wetzel, (9 September 1946 — 9 March 2022) was a German ice dancer who represented East Germany. With her skating partner, Eberhard Rüger, she became a three-time Blue Swords champion (1963, 1965, 1966), the 1968 Prize of Moscow News champion, and an eight-time East German national champion (1962, 1964–1970). They finished in the top ten at eight ISU Championships. Their best continental result, fourth, came at the 1970 European Championships in Leningrad, Soviet Union. They finished as high as sixth at the World Championships, in 1969 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States) and 1970 (Ljubljana, Yugoslavia).

Baier/Rüger started their career at SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt. In 1963, they began representing SC Karl-Marx-Stadt.

After retiring from competition, Baier coached skating in Karl-Marx-Stadt/Chemnitz.

SC Karl-Marx-Stadt
SC Karl-Marx-Stadt was a sports club located at Karl-Marx-Stadt in the German Democratic Republic.

Established in 1945, the sports club went through a variation of name changes until 1 July 1963, settling with SC Karl-Marx-Stadt, which lasted until its dissolution around the end of 1990.
2009 Boston Marathon
The 2009 Boston Marathon was the 113rd running of the annual marathon race in Boston, United States and was held on April 20. The elite men's race was won by Ethiopia's Deriba Merga in a time of 2:08:42 hours and the women's race was won by Ethiopia's Salina Kosgei in 2:32:16.

Deriba Merga
Deriba Merga Ejigu (Amharic: ደርባ መርጋ አጅጉ; born 26 October 1980) is an Ethiopian professional long-distance runner. He mainly competes in the marathon. He finished fourth in that event at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and went on to win the Boston Marathon the following year. His personal best for the distance is 2:06:38 hours.

He also competes in half marathon races and his time of 59:14 minutes in 2008 was the fastest that year. He won the 2006 Paris Half Marathon and took the gold medal at the 2007 All-Africa Games a year later.
Nina Serrano
Nina Serrano (born 1934) is an American poet, writer, storyteller, and independent media producer who lives in Vallejo, California. She is the author of Heart Songs: The Collected Poems of Nina Serrano (1980) and Pass it on!: How to start your own senior storytelling program in the schools (Stagebridge). Her poems are widely anthologized, including the literary anthology, Under the Fifth Sun: Latino Writers from California (Heyday Books), and three anthologies of peace poems edited by Mary Rudge from Estuary Press. She has also translated two chapbooks from Peruvian poet Adrian Arias. She currently leads storytelling workshops at senior centers and elementary schools through Stagebridge.org. She is the former director of the San Francisco Poetry in the Schools program and the Bay Area's Storytellers in the Schools program. A Latina activist for social justice, women's rights, and the arts.

Heyday Books
Heyday is an independent nonprofit publisher based in Berkeley, California.

Heyday was founded by Malcolm Margolin in 1974 when he wrote, typeset, designed, and distributed The East Bay Out, a guide to the natural history of the hills and bay shore in and round Berkeley and Oakland, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. Heyday publishes around twenty books a year, as well as the quarterly magazine News from Native California.

In 2004, they merged with their nonprofit wing, the Clapperstick Institute, and became a full-fledged 501(c)(3) nonprofit enterprise. In 2016, Margolin retired from Heyday, and Steve Wasserman, previously editor-in-chief of the Los Angeles Times Book Review and an editor-at-large at Yale University Press, became Margolin's successor as publisher and executive director. Since 2020, the company has been co-led by Wasserman, publisher, and longtime staff member Gayle Wattawa, now general manager.
ACG School Jakarta
ACG School Jakarta is an independent co-educational international school in South Jakarta, Indonesia. The school was established in 2004, and is a school for children from 3 to 17 years of age. Currently it has 300 students from 35 different nationalities and is part of the family of ACG Schools based in New Zealand.

The school is currently owned and operated by Inspired Education Group, an international provider of for-profit schools.

Inspired Education Group
Inspired Education Group is a co-educational, non-denominational, international provider of for-profit private schools. It was founded in 2013 by Lebanese-British businessman Nadim Nsouli and is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. The group offers education for children aged 1 to 18 years and currently serves approximately 95,000 students worldwide across 125 schools in 30 countries.
2018–19 League 2 (Iran)
The 2018–19 Iran Football's 2nd Division season was the 18th under 2nd Division since its establishment (current format) in 2001. The season featured 21 teams from the 2nd Division 2017–18, three new teams relegated from the 2017–18 Azadegan League: Saba Qom, Rah Ahan Tehran and Iranjavan Boushehr, and four new teams promoted from the 3rd Division 2017–18: Chooka Talesh, Shahrdari Kamyaran, Esteghlal Ramshir, Jahad Nasr Sirjan.

Saba Qom F.C.
Saba Qom Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال صبای قم, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Sâbay-e Qom) was an Iranian football team based in Qom, Iran. The club was dissolved in 2018. The team is a former part of Saba Battery Club, owned by Saba Battery Co., and was moved to Qom in 2007, although they were formerly registered as a team from Tehran playing at Shahid Derakhshan Stadium of Robat Karim.

Saba won the 2005 edition of the Hazfi Cup and the 2005 edition of the Iranian Super Cup.
Brian Stafford (Gaelic footballer)
Brian Stafford is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. He played for the Meath county team in the 1980s and early 1990s under the management of Sean Boylan. For Meath he usually played at full forward. He played club football for Kilmainhamwood. During his playing career he won two Senior All Ireland  medals (1987 & 1988) as well as five Leinster Senior Medals and three National League Medals. He won three All Star awards also. In 1987 he was chosen as the Texaco Footballer of the Year. When playing for Meath he was part of a full forward line of Colm O'Rourke, himself and Bernard Flynn.

Stafford is his county's top scorer in National Football League history, finishing his career with 13–334 (373) in that competition.

Seán Boylan
Seán Boylan (born 12 December 1949) is an Irish former Gaelic football manager from Dunboyne, County Meath. He retired from his position as manager of the senior Meath county team on the evening of 31 August 2005 after twenty-three years in charge. This was an inter-county managerial record with one team that was only surpassed in Gaelic games by Brian Cody in 2022, his 24th and last season as manager of the Kilkenny senior hurling team.

During his time with Meath, he managed the team to: the Centenary Cup; eight Leinster Senior Football Championship titles; four All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles (1987, 1988, 1996, 1999); three National Football League titles.

He also managed the Meath county hurling team, whom he also played with for 21 years. He managed Ireland in the 2006 and 2008 International Rules Series.

On 6 August 2020, a documentary called Seán, directed by Alan Bradley, aired on RTÉ about Boylan's life on and off the pitch.
Visa requirements for British Overseas Territories citizens
A British Overseas Territories citizen holds British nationality by virtue of a connection with a British Overseas Territory.

British Overseas Territories citizens (BOTCs) enjoy visa-free entry to a number of countries and territories. However, in some cases, foreign authorities only grant them a visa-free entry if they present a passport with an endorsement stating their right of abode in the United Kingdom.

Visa requirements for other classes of British nationals such as British citizens, British Nationals (Overseas), British Overseas citizens, British Protected Persons or British Subjects are different.

British protected person
A British protected person (BPP) is a member of a class of British nationality associated with former protectorates, protected states, and territorial mandates and trusts under British control. Individuals with this nationality are British nationals, but are neither British nor Commonwealth citizens. Nationals of this class are subject to immigration controls when entering the United Kingdom and do not have the automatic right of abode there or any other country.

This nationality was created to accommodate residents of areas that were under British protection or administration but were not British possessions (as colonies were) or Dominions of the Crown. As of 2025, about 1,100 British protected persons hold valid British passports with this status and enjoy consular protection when travelling abroad. However, individuals who only hold BPP nationality are effectively stateless as they are not guaranteed the right to enter the country by which they are protected.
Olive Jean Dunn
Olive Jean Dunn (1 September 1915 – 12 January 2008) was an American mathematician and statistician, and professor of biostatistics at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). She described methods for computing confidence intervals and also codified the Bonferroni correction's application to confidence intervals. She authored the textbook Basic Statistics: A Primer for the Biomedical Sciences in 1977.

Biostatistics
Biostatistics (sometimes referred to as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in the biological sciences, with a focus on clinical medicine and public health applications. 
The field encompasses the design of experiments, the collection and analysis of experimental and observational data, and the interpretation of the results.
It is closely related to medical statistics.
Looney Tunes (video game)
Looney Tunes is a platform video game developed and published by Sunsoft released for Game Boy in 1992. The game was re-released for Game Boy Color seven years later.

It features Daffy Duck, Tweety, Porky Pig, Taz, Speedy Gonzales, Road Runner and Bugs Bunny as playable characters. Other Looney Tunes characters include Elmer Fudd, Marvin the Martian, Wile E. Coyote and Sylvester.

Tweety
Tweety is a cartoon character, a yellow canary bird in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated cartoons. His characteristics are based on Red Skelton's famous "Junior the Mean Widdle Kid". He appeared in 46 cartoons during the golden age, made between 1942 and 1964.