hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Hunter (microbiologist)
Paul Raymond Hunter is Professor in Medicine at the University of East Anglia. He was the first professor of health protection in the United Kingdom when he was appointed to the Norwich Medical School in 2001. He is a fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society of Biology, and of the Faculty of Public Health.

He holds an MB ChB and MD from the University of Manchester and an MBA from the Open University. He has an h-index of 89 according to Google Scholar.

Royal College of Pathologists
The Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) is a professional membership organisation.
Its main function is the overseeing of postgraduate training, and its Fellowship Examination (FRCPath) is recognised as the standard assessment of fitness to practise in this branch of medicine.
Wilfred Lievesley
Wilfred Lievesley (6 October 1902 – 21 February 1979) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Netherthorpe, Derbyshire. He played for Derby County, Manchester United, Exeter City, Wigan Borough and Cardiff City.

His cousin Leslie Lievesley was also a footballer; he was later first-team coach of Torino and was killed in the Superga air disaster in 1949.

Wigan Borough F.C.
Wigan Borough Football Club was an English football club from the town of Wigan, Lancashire. their forerunners were Wigan A.F.C., Wigan County, Wigan United and Wigan Town,  County and Town having folded.
SS Enid Victory
SS Enid Victory (MCV-712), was a type VC2-S-AP2 Victory ship built by Permanente Metals Corporation, Yard 2, of Richmond, California. The Maritime Administration cargo ship was named after Enid, Oklahoma. It was the 730th ship built at the Kaiser yards. Its keel was laid on 17 May 1945. The ship was christened on 27 June 1945, with Enid Mayor Luther A. Wells in attendance. The ship was in service during World War II, Korea War, and the Vietnam War.

Richmond Shipyards
The four Richmond Shipyards, in the city of Richmond, California, United States, were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards. In World War II, Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard, turning out as many as three ships in a single day. The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park, whose Rosie the Riveter memorial honors the shipyard workers. Shipyard #3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a California Historical Landmark # 1032.
Everybody Loves a Happy Ending / Call Me Mellow
"Everybody Loves a Happy Ending" / "Call Me Mellow" are songs by English pop rock band Tears for Fears, released as a double A-side single from their album Everybody Loves a Happy Ending (2004).

The single peaked at number 45 on the Italian Singles Chart.

Everybody Loves a Happy Ending
Everybody Loves a Happy Ending is the sixth studio album by English pop rock band Tears for Fears, released on 14 September 2004 in the United States and on 7 March 2005 in the United Kingdom and Europe.

The album marked Tears for Fears' comeback following a hiatus in the late 1990s, as well as the return of founding member Curt Smith. However, it performed modestly on the UK and US music charts compared to the band's previous records. The band focused primarily on touring in the years following Everybody Loves a Happy Ending's release, with a follow-up album not being completed until nearly eighteen years later.
Wrenn v. District of Columbia
Wrenn v. District of Columbia, 864 F.3d 650 (D.C. Cir. 2017), is a United States court case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that the "individual right to carry common firearms beyond the home for self defense—even in densely populated areas, even for those lacking special self-defense needs—falls within the core of the Second Amendment’s protections."

This decision struck down the District of Columbia's requirement that applicants for concealed carry permits demonstrate a "good reason," including a "special need for self-protection distinguishable from the general community as supported by evidence of specific threats or previous attacks that demonstrate a special danger to the applicant's life," for carrying a firearm in public.

Federal Reporter
The Federal Reporter (ISSN 1048-3888) is a case law reporter in the United States that is published by West Publishing and a part of the National Reporter System. It begins with cases decided in 1880; pre-1880 cases were later retroactively compiled by West Publishing into a separate reporter, Federal Cases. The fourth and current Federal Reporter series publishes decisions of the United States courts of appeals and the United States Court of Federal Claims; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though the Federal Reporter is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the United States that legal professionals, including judges, uniformly cite to the Federal Reporter for included decisions.  Approximately 30 new volumes are published each year.
Dušan Pašek
Dušan Pašek (1960 – 1998) was a Czechoslovak and Slovak professional ice hockey forward who played 48 games in the National Hockey League with the Minnesota North Stars. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1977 to 1993, was mainly spent with Slovan Bratislava in the Czechoslovak Extraliga. He won a silver medal at the 1984 Winter Olympics and represented Czechoslovakia at three Canada Cups. He also won a gold medal at the 1985 World Ice Hockey Championships.

Pašek was president of the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation when he died.

Slovak Ice Hockey Federation
The Slovak Ice Hockey Federation (Slovak: Slovenský zväz ľadového hokeja, SZĽH) is the governing body that oversees ice hockey in Slovakia.

Paul Loicq Award recipient Juraj Okoličány served as chairman and vice-president of the federation from 1990 to 2003.
Kodoku no Akatsuki
"Kodoku no Akatsuki" (孤独のあかつき; "The Solitude of Dawn") (also known by its French title "La Solitude de l'aube") is a song by Japanese musician Ringo Sheena. It was released as one of the A-sides of her 14th single, along with the song "Irohanihoheto", released on May 27, 2013. The release date was the 15th anniversary of the release of Sheena's debut single "Kōfukuron" in 1998.

Tokyo Jihen
Tokyo Jihen (東京事変, Tōkyō Jihen), also known as Tokyo Incidents, is a Japanese rock band formed by Ringo Sheena, after leaving her solo career. The band's debut single "Gunjō Biyori" was released in September 2004, and they ended activities in February 2012. The band sold 2.3 million albums, singles, and DVDs. The band reunited and released a new single on January 1, 2020.
Unraid
Unraid is a proprietary Linux-based operating system designed to run on home servers in order to operate as a network-attached storage (NAS) device, application server, media server and a virtualization host. Unraid is proprietary software developed and maintained by Lime Technology, Inc. Users of the software are encouraged to write and use plugins and Docker applications to extend the functionality of their systems.

Media server
A media server is a computer appliance or an application software that stores digital media (video, audio or images) and makes it available over a network.

Media servers range from servers that provide video on demand to smaller personal computers or NAS (Network Attached Storage) for the home.
Colville Browne
Colville Browne (born 14 May 1953) is a former Vincentian cricketer who represented the Windward Islands and Combined Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He played as a right-handed middle-order batsman.

Browne made his first-class debut for the Windwards in January 1972, aged 18, playing a friendly match against the Leeward Islands. He remained a regular in Windward Islands teams for almost a decade, playing his last match for the team in March 1981 (a limited-overs match against Barbados). During the 1977–78 season, Browne was called up to the Combined Islands for two Shell Shield matches. In the second of those, against Guyana, he scored 51 runs, his maiden first-class fifty. His only other half-century came in March 1979, when he made 60 runs out of a team total of 496 against the Leeward Islands. Despite playing exclusively as a batsman, Browne finished with a first-class batting average of only 16.64 (from 15 matches), and a List A average of 11.80 (from 12 matches).

Guyana national cricket team
The Guyana national cricket team is the representative first class cricket team of Guyana. The side does not take part in any international competitions, but rather in inter-regional competitions in the Caribbean, such as the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50), and the best players may be selected for the West Indies team, which plays international cricket and is the only team in the Americas with Test status. Guyana has participated in the South American Cricket Championship for some editions, but were represented by an overage "masters" team. The team competes under the franchise name Guyana Harpy Eagles.

Prominent cricketers who have played for Guyana include Devendra Bishoo, Basil Butcher, Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Colin Croft, Roy Fredericks, Lance Gibbs, Roger Harper, Carl Hooper, Leon Johnson, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Clive Lloyd, Veerasammy Permaul and Ramnaresh Sarwan.
Khúc Thừa Mỹ
Khúc Thừa Mỹ (chữ Hán: 曲承美; pinyin: Qū Chéngměi; governed: 918–923 or 918–930) was a self-declared jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân (modern northern Vietnam) during the later part of the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam, when China entered the chaotic Five Dynasties period. He succeeded his father Khúc Hạo and tried to maintain northern Vietnam's autonomy. His rule was officially recognized by the Later Liang, thus he came to conflict with Liu Yan, the ruler of Southern Han. The Southern Han invaded in 930, capturing the capital Đại La (present-day Hanoi) with no resistance, and Khúc Thừa Mỹ was taken to Canton, where he was placed under comfortable house arrest. Chinese rule in Vietnam was thereby reestablished.

Đại La
Đại La (Chinese: 大羅城; pinyin: Dàluóchéng), means the Citadel of the Great Dike, or La Thành (羅城) was an ancient fortified city in present-day Hanoi during the third Chinese domination of the 7th and 8th centuries, and again in the 11th-century under Lý dynasty.

Đại La was constructed by jiedushi Gao Pian in 866. It was the seat of Songping County during the Tang dynasty, and was capital of the Tĩnh Hải quân. In 1010, Lý Công Uẩn decided to move his capital away from the cramped Hoa Lư (present-day Ninh Bình). Đại La was favored because of its central and convenient location, defensible terrain and relatively dry climate. According to the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, a Yellow Dragon appeared near Lý Công Uẩn's boat when he passed by Đại La. The sighting was considered as greatly auspicious by his ministers. Subsequently, the city was renamed Thăng Long ("rising dragon").
2016 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship
The 2016 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship was the 17th staging of the AVC Club Championships which was hosted by the Philippines. The tournament was held at the Alonte Sports Arena in Biñan, Laguna. It was  held from September 3 to September 11, 2016.

The tournament was organized by the Philippine Super Liga and the Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas, Inc. The tournament serves as the 2nd Asian tournament which was hosted by the LVPI following the Asian Under-23 Championships hosting in 2015.

Biñan
Biñan (Tagalog pronunciation: [biˈɲan] or traditionally [biˈɲaŋ]), officially the City of Biñan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Biñan), is a  component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 584,479 people, making it the most populous city in the province of Laguna.

Biñan has become both a suburban residential community of Metro Manila and a location for some of the Philippines' largest industrial estates and export processing zones. Prior to its cityhood in 2010, Biñan was the richest municipality in the Philippines with an annual gross income of ₱677 million (US$14.383 million) and net income of ₱250 million (US$5.308 million), as of 2007 by the Commission on Audit.
1866 Colony of British Columbia general election
The Legislative Council of British Columbia held its first election in 1866. BC was a colony formed by the union of the colony of Vancouver Island and the colony of British Columbia.

Nine members were elected:
Amor De Cosmos - Victoria
John Sebastian Helmcken Victoria
Joseph Despard Pemberton Victoria District
John Robson New Westminster
Robert Thompson Smith Columbia River and Kootenay
Joseph L. Southgate Nanaimo
Edward Stamp Lillooet
George Anthony Walkem Cariboo
Francis Jones Barnard Yale and Lytton

The Governor also appointed 14 members to the Legislative Council.

Joseph Despard Pemberton
Joseph Despard Pemberton (July 23, 1821 – November 11, 1893) was a surveyor for the Hudson's Bay Company, Surveyor General for the Colony of Vancouver Island, a pre-Confederation politician, a businessman and a farmer. He was born in 1821 in Dublin, Ireland and died in 1893 in Oak Bay, British Columbia.   Joseph Pemberton laid out Victoria's town site, southern Vancouver Island and townsites along the Fraser River. He married Teresa Jane Grautoff and they are the parents of Canadian painter Sophie Pemberton. The town of Pemberton was named after him.
LY-266,097
LY-266,097 is a synthetic β-carboline which acts as a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-HT2B receptor, with more than 100x selectivity over the related 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes. However, other sources have stated that LY-266,097 is actually a biased agonist of the receptor, selective for Gq signaling but not β-arrestin2. The drug has been used to study the role of the 5-HT2B receptor in modulating dopamine release in the brain, as well as its involvement in other processes such as allodynia.

5-HT2C receptor
The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Like all 5-HT2 receptors, it is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is coupled to Gq/G11 and mediates excitatory neurotransmission. HTR2C denotes the human gene encoding for the receptor, that in humans is located on the X chromosome. As males have one copy of the gene and females have one of the two copies of the gene repressed, polymorphisms at this receptor can affect the two sexes to differing extent.
Kap Stewart Group
The Kap Stewart Group is a geological group in eastern Greenland of Late Triassic (Rhaetian) to Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) age. It consists of a 155-600 m thick sequence of interbedded mudstones and fluvio-deltiac sandstones deposited in a "large wave and storm-dominated lake".

Sinemurian
In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.5 ±0.3 Ma and 192.9 ±0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is followed by the Pliensbachian.

In Europe the Sinemurian age, together with the Hettangian age, saw the deposition of the lower Lias, in Great Britain known as the Blue Lias.
Kaare Sundby
Kaare Sundby (1 January 1905 – 9 February 1945) was a Norwegian engineer who was executed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany.

He was born in Modum as the son of veterinarian Theodor Sundby and his wife Gullaug, née Bjertnes. Sundby married and had one child, and the family had settled in Vestre Aker.

Sundby had taken an education in engineering. When Norway was invaded by Germany in 1940, he became involved in the subsequent fighting. He later involved himself in the Norwegian resistance movement, both in Milorg, as a courier and intelligence gatherer. When the Nazi police leader Karl Marthinsen was assassinated by the Norwegian resistance on 8 February 1945, Sundby was arrested together with thirty-three others, including Carl Ferdinand Gjerdrum, Haakon Sæthre and Jon Vislie, as a reprisal. Sundby was executed on Akershus Fortress on 9 February, his body lowered in the Oslofjord.

Reprisal
A reprisal is a limited and deliberate violation of international law to punish another sovereign state that has already broken them. Since the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (AP 1), reprisals in the laws of war are extremely limited, as they commonly breach the rights of non-combatants.
Evil Genes
Evil Genes is a book by Barbara Oakley, a systems engineer, about the neurological and social factors contributing to chronic antisocial behavior. The text was published on October 31, 2008, by Prometheus Books.

The book has earned both praise and criticism for its treatment of what Oakley considers gaps in psychological research surrounding "successfully sinister" individuals—those who show subclinical symptoms of personality disorders, and who are often found in positions of authority in politics, religion, business, and academia.

Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic (or clinically silent) is an adjective categorising the medical conditions (i.e., injuries or diseases) that patients carry but without experiencing their symptoms, despite an explicit diagnosis (e.g., a positive medical test).

Pre-symptomatic is the adjective categorising the time periods during which the medical conditions are asymptomatic.

Subclinical and paucisymptomatic are other adjectives categorising either the asymptomatic infections (i.e., subclinical infections), or the psychosomatic illnesses and mental disorders expressing a subset of symptoms but not the entire set an explicit medical diagnosis requires.
Ted Wilborn
Thaddeaus Inglehart Wilborn (born December 16, 1958) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder. He played during two seasons at the major league level for the Toronto Blue Jays and New York Yankees, having been selected by the Yankees in the fourth round of the 1976 amateur draft. Wilborn played his first professional season with their Class A (Short Season) Oneonta Yankees in 1976, was traded to Toronto, then returned to the Yankees. Wilborn was traded to the San Francisco Giants in 1982, but was then sent down to the minor leagues. He split his last season (1987) between two Baltimore Orioles' minor league teams: the Class A (Advanced) Miami Marlins and the Triple-A Rochester Red Wings.

Fort Myers Mighty Mussels
The Fort Myers Mighty Mussels are a Minor League Baseball team of the Florida State League and the Single-A affiliate of the Minnesota Twins. They are located in Fort Myers, Florida, and play their home games at the Lee County Sports Complex at Hammond Stadium, which has a capacity of 9,300 and opened in 1991. The park is also used as the Minnesota Twins' spring training facility.

The majority owner is Kaufy Baseball, LLC, a privately held company managed by John Martin, who purchased a controlling interest in the club from Andrew Kaufmann of Zawyer Sports & Entertainment in January 2022.
Ladhar Bheinn
Ladhar Bheinn is the highest mountain in the Knoydart region of the Highlands of Scotland. It is the most westerly Munro on the Scottish mainland.

The mountain may be climbed from Barrisdale to the northeast or Inverie to the south. From Barrisdale the mountain may be climbed as part of circuit of Coire Dhorrcaill; this route involves a certain amount of scrambling, particularly on the section immediately north of the subsidiary summit of Stob a' Chearcaill.

Scrambling
In mountaineering, scrambling is ascending steep terrain using one's hands to assist in holds and balance. It can be described as being between hiking and rock climbing. "A scramble" is a related term, denoting terrain that could be ascended in this way.

Sure-footedness and a head for heights are essential. Canyoning and stream climbing both involve scrambling.
São Marcos da Serra
São Marcos da Serra, also known simply as São Marcos, is a village and the seat of the homonymous civil parish in the municipality of Silves, in Algarve region, Portugal. The population of the entire civil parish in 2011 was 1,352, in an area of 166.07 km2.

The village gives its name to the São Marcos-Quarteira Fault, a geological fault with a length of more than 40 km, which extends from São Marcos da Serra in the direction of Paderne to the coast, in the Quarteira area, extending further to the submerged area, on the continental shelf.

Ourique
Ourique (locally [o(w)ˈɾi.kɨ] ⓘ), officially the Town of Ourique (Portuguese: Vila de Ourique), is a city in the District of Beja in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,389, in an area of 663.31 km2.

This town is traditionally considered the site of the famous Battle of Ourique in 1139, which saw the forces of Portuguese Prince Afonso Henriques defeat a Muslim Almoravid force. The present Mayor is Marcelo Guerreiro, elected by the Socialist Party, who became the youngest Mayor in Portugal, aged 25, in 2015. The municipal holiday is September 8.
Borgu Emirate
The Borgu Emirate is a Nigerian traditional state with its capital in New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria. The Emirate was formed in 1954 when the Bussa and Kaiama emirates were merged. These emirates, with Illa, were formerly part of the Borgu state, which was partitioned between the French colony of Benin and the British protectorate of Nigeria in 1898.

Bussa, Nigeria
Bussa, also known as Boussa in older texts, was one of the main cities and kingdoms of the Borgu federation in northern Nigeria. It was the farthest navigable point on the Niger River from the coast, just above the rapids. The town site is now covered by Lake Kainji, which was created in 1968 with the construction of the Lake Kainji dam. The town was re-located to what is now called New Bussa.
Avi Wortzman
Avraham "Avi" Wortzman (Hebrew: אבי וורצמן; born 29 October 1970) is an Israeli politician and a former member of the Knesset for the Jewish Home. He also served as Deputy Minister of Education between 2013 and 2015.

Ministry of Education (Israel)
The Ministry of Education (Hebrew: מִשְׂרָד הַחִנּוּךְ, translit. Misrad HaHinukh; Arabic: وزارة التربية والتعليم) is the branch of the Israeli government charged with overseeing public education institutions in Israel. The department is headed by the Minister of Education, who is a member of the cabinet. The ministry has previously included culture and sport, although this is now covered by the Ministry of Culture and Sport.
Optimization problem
In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete:

An optimization problem with discrete variables is known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such as an integer, permutation or graph must be found from a countable set.

A problem with continuous variables is known as a continuous optimization, in which an optimal value from a continuous function must be found. They can include constrained problems and multimodal problems.

Continuous optimization
Continuous optimization is a branch of optimization in applied mathematics.

As opposed to discrete optimization, the variables used in the objective function are required to be continuous variables—that is, to be chosen from a set of real values between which there are no gaps (values from intervals of the real line). Because of this continuity assumption, continuous optimization allows the use of calculus techniques.