hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graphs with few cliques
In graph theory, a class of graphs is said to have few cliques if every member of the class has a polynomial number of maximal cliques. Certain generally NP-hard computational problems are solvable in polynomial time on such classes of graphs, making graphs with few cliques of interest in computational graph theory, network analysis, and other branches of applied mathematics. Informally, a family of graphs has few cliques if the graphs do not have a large number of large clusters.

NP-hardness
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for  every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time, there is a polynomial-time reduction from L to H. That is, assuming a solution for H takes 1 unit time, H's solution can be used to solve L in polynomial time. As a consequence, finding a polynomial time algorithm to solve a single NP-hard problem would give polynomial time algorithms for all the problems in the complexity class NP. As it is suspected, but unproven, that P≠NP, it is unlikely that any polynomial-time algorithms for NP-hard problems exist.

A simple example of an NP-hard problem is the subset sum problem.

Informally, if H is NP-hard, then it is at least as difficult to solve as the problems in NP. However, the opposite direction is not true: some problems are undecidable, and therefore even more difficult to solve than all problems in NP, but they are provably not NP-hard (unless P=NP).
Kritsana Klanklin
Kritsana Klanklin (Thai: กฤษณะ กลั่นกลิ่น; born 26 February 1984) is a Thai professional footballer who plays for Kasetsart in Thai League 2.

He played for Krung Thai Bank in the 2008 AFC Champions League group stages.

2008 AFC Champions League
The 2008 AFC Champions League was the 27th AFC Champions League, the top-level Asian club football tournament, and the 6th under the current AFC Champions League title. It was the last AFC Champions League before the competition expanded to 32 teams.

Gamba Osaka defeated Adelaide United  5–0 on aggregate in the final to win their first AFC Champions League title. Both clubs qualified for the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup: Gamba Osaka as the AFC representative, and Adelaide United as the host nation's representative, since Japan's spot was reallocated due to Gamba Osaka's qualification as continental champion.

Urawa Red Diamonds were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the eventual winners Gamba Osaka in the semi-finals.
Joe Lynn (property master)
Joe Lynn was an American theatrical Property master who worked primarily on Broadway. He is best known for creating the properties on the original Broadway productions such as Death of a Salesman and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. He began his career in props in 1915.

Death of a Salesman
Death of a Salesman is a 1949 stage play written by the American playwright Arthur Miller. The play premiered on Broadway on February 10, 1949, running for 742 performances. It is a two-act tragedy set in late 1940s Brooklyn told through a montage of memories, dreams, and arguments of the protagonist Willy Loman, a travelling salesman who is despondent with his life and appears to be slipping into senility. The play addresses a variety of themes, such as the American Dream, the anatomy of truth, and infidelity. It won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Tony Award for Best Play. Since its premiere, the play has been revived on Broadway five times, winning three Tony Awards for Best Revival. It has been adapted for the cinema ten times. In 1999, New Yorker drama critic John Lahr said that with 11 million copies sold, it was "probably the most successful modern play ever published."
Mazda Stadium
Mazda Zoom-Zoom Stadium Hiroshima (MAZDA Zoom-Zoom スタジアム広島, Matsuda Zūmu-Zūmu Sutajiamu Hiroshima), also called New Hiroshima Municipal Stadium (広島市民球場, Shin-Hiroshima Shimin Kyūjō), is a baseball stadium in Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan. It is used primarily for baseball and is the home of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp of the Japanese Central League. The ballpark has a capacity of 32,000 people and opened on April 10, 2009. It replaced First Hiroshima Municipal Stadium and initially retained the old ballpark's official name. The stadium architecture is considered to be labeled as a retro-classic ballpark.

Central League
The Central League (セントラル・リーグ, Sentoraru Rīgu) or Ce League (セ・リーグ, Se Rīgu), also known as the JERA Central League (JERAセ・リーグ, JERA Se Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is one of the two professional baseball leagues that constitute Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan. The winner of the league championship plays against the winner of the Pacific League in the annual Japan Series. It currently consists of six teams from around the country. Unlike the Pacific League, designated hitters are not used during Central League home games. The Central League has voted to adopt the designated hitter beginning in 2027.
KFOX (AM)
KFOX (1650 kHz) is a Korean language AM radio station, licensed to Torrance, California and serving the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It shares a transmitter site with KWKW.

KFOX is one of three radio stations in the greater Los Angeles area broadcasting entirely in Korean, in addition to KMPC and KYPA.

Torrance, California
Torrance is a city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, neighboring Redondo Beach, Rolling Hills Estates, Palos Verdes Estates, and Lomita. The city is part of what is known as the South Bay region. Torrance has a moderate year-round climate with average rainfall of 12 inches (300 mm) per year. Torrance has one and a half miles (2.4 km) of beachfront abutting Santa Monica Bay and 30 parks. It is the birthplace of the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). The population was 147,067 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 139,576 in 2024.
Dattatreya Gopal Karve
Dattatreya Gopal Karve (Marathi: दत्तात्रेय गोपाळ कर्वे; 24 December 1898 – 28 December 1967) was an Indian economist and professor who contributed to the fields of economics, public administration and the cooperative movement in India. He was also the deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India from 1962 to 1964.

Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce
18°31′16″N 73°50′07″E﻿ / ﻿18.521222°N 73.835287°E﻿ / 18.521222; 73.835287

Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce is a college in Pune, Maharashtra, India. The college was established in 1943 by the Deccan Education Society. It is affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Dr. Deepak Powdel is the current principal of the college.
The Manta Rays of Time
The Manta Rays of Time is Bill Callahan's fourth EP released under his Smog moniker. It was released in Australia only on Spunk Records in 2000. "Real Live Dress" later appeared on the 2002 rarities compilation Accumulation: None, while the remaining two tracks on the EP are exclusive to this release. Real Live Dress features elements from Baby Got Back by Sir Mix-a-Lot. When questioned on the use of these elements Bill said he thinks the lines are "pure and true" and that he included them without irony as he admired their "clarity".

Bill Callahan (musician)
William Rahr Callahan (born June 3, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter, who has also recorded and performed under the band name Smog. Callahan began working in the lo-fi genre, with home-made tape-albums recorded on four-track tape recorders. Later he began releasing albums with the label Drag City, to which he remains signed today.
Ali Imam (writer)
Ali Imam (31 December 1950 – 21 November 2022) was a Bangladeshi children's writer and audio-visual organizer. He wrote many scientific stories, travel stories for children. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 2001 in juvenile literature.

Bangla Academy Literary Award
The Bangla Academy Literary Award (Bengali: বাংলা একাডেমি সাহিত্য পুরস্কার; Bangla Academy Shahitya Puroshkar) is given by the Bangla Academy of Bangladesh in recognition of creative genius in advancement and overall contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

It was introduced in 1960 and recognized six categories: poetry, novels, short stories, essays, children's literature and translation. Beginning in 1985, two more awards were introduced to recognize overall contributions to Bengali language and literature.

At present, the Bangla Academy award is given in three fields:

Poetry, novel, and short story

Research, essay, and science

Translation, drama, and juvenile literature
Area code 785
Area code 785 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan for most of the northern part of the U.S. state Kansas. It was created in a split of the numbering plan area 913 on July 20, 1997. The numbering plan area stretches from the Colorado state line on the west to the Missouri state line on the east, while excluding the Kansas side of the Kansas City metropolitan area, which retained 913. The largest city by population is Topeka, the state capital city.

Goodland, Kansas
Goodland is a city in and the county seat of Sherman County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 4,465.  It was named after Goodland, Indiana.  Goodland is home to Fort Hays Tech | Northwest (formerly Northwest Kansas Technical College).
Botswana national cricket team
The Botswana national cricket team is the men's team that represents Botswana in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 2005, after previously being an affiliate member since 2001 and an associate member in 2017. They are in Division Five of the World Cricket League and are ranked at joint 29th in the world by the ICC. They are the 5th-highest ranked non-Test team in the African region. The team's coach is former Kenyan ODI player Joseph Angara, who was appointed in July 2015.

International cricket
International cricket matches are played between the teams representing their nations, administrated by the International Cricket Council. The main forms are Test matches, ODI matches and T20I matches. An upcoming form, scheduled to commence in January 2026, is Test Twenty.

Most games are played as part of "tours" when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. World Cups featuring several countries at once, are organized by the ICC. The ICC is also responsible for cricket games played at multi-sport events such as Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, African Games, Asian Games, South Asian Games and Pacific Games.

In addition to ICC's administration, there are also five regional bodies, Asian Cricket Council, Africa Cricket Association, ICC Europe, ICC Americas and ICC East Asia-Pacific which aim to promote the sport of cricket in their respective continents.
Joy Springs Community
Joy Springs is a small Aboriginal community, located 30 km south east of Fitzroy Crossing in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Derby–West Kimberley.

Joy Springs was established in 1987, as part of the broader outstation movement. It is often referred to as Eight Mile as the Joy Springs community is located at the site of the existing windmill at 8 Mile Well, on Gogo Station.

Aboriginal communities in Western Australia
Aboriginal communities in Western Australia are communities for Aboriginal Australians within their ancestral country; the communities comprise families with continuous links to country that extend before the European settlement of Australia.

The governments of Australia and Western Australia have supported and funded these communities in a number of ways for over 40 years; prior to that Indigenous people were non citizens with no rights, forced to work for sustenance on stations as European settlers divided up the areas, or relocated under various Government acts.
Elkhan Nuriyev
Elkhan Nuriyev (Azerbaijani: Elxan Eldar oğlu Nuriyev; born 15 May 1969, Baku, Azerbaijan) is an Azerbaijani political scientist and a recognized expert with a strong track record in Eurasian affairs, specializing in Russia, Eastern Europe, Caucasus, Central Asia, and Black Sea-Caspian region.

German Institute for International and Security Affairs
The German Institute for International and Security Affairs (German: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik; SWP) is a German think tank in international relations and security studies. A semi-official organization with close links to the federal government, it advises the Bundestag (the German parliament) and the federal government on foreign and security policy issues, and also advises decision-makers in international organisations relevant to Germany, above all the European Union, NATO and the United Nations. SWP is regarded as one of Europe's most influential think tanks in international relations. It is headquartered in Berlin and incorporated as a foundation.
George Reid (Victorian politician)
Sir George Oswald Reid, QC (22 July 1903 – 18 February 1993) was an Australian politician.

Reid was born in Hawthorn, Victoria, to railway officer George Watson Reid and Lillias Margaret Easton. He attended Camberwell Grammar School and Scotch College, Melbourne, and studied law at the University of Melbourne and in 1926 was admitted as a barrister and solicitor, practising at the bar until 1927 and as a solicitor thereafter. In 1947 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Box Hill. He was party whip from 1950 to 1952, when he was defeated. Returned in 1955, he became cabinet secretary and minister without portfolio. In 1956 he became Minister of Labour and Industry, moving to Fuel and Power in 1965, and to Immigration (until 1970) and Attorney-General in 1967. He was leader of the Assembly from 1971 to 1972. Reid retired in 1973, having taken silk in 1971 and been knighted in 1972. He died in 1993.

Hawthorn, Victoria
Hawthorn is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Hawthorn recorded a population of 22,322 at the 2021 census.
Hunter Baillie Memorial Presbyterian Church
The Hunter Baillie Memorial Presbyterian Church is a heritage–listed Presbyterian church, located in the inner western Sydney suburb of Annandale, New South Wales, Australia.

The church is an example of Gothic Revival architecture. It was designed by Cyril and Arthur Blacket and built from 1886 to 1889. It was listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate and was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Register of the National Estate
The Register of the National Estate was a heritage register that listed natural and cultural heritage places in Australia. Phasing out of the register began in 2003, when the Australian National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List were created and by 2007 the Register had been replaced by these and various state and territory heritage registers. Places listed on the Register remain in a non-statutory archive and are still able to be viewed via the National Heritage Database.
Chief of Defence (Norway)
The Chief of Defence (Forsvarssjefen) is the highest-ranking officer of the Norwegian Armed Forces, second only to the King of Norway. Even though he holds the same rank as the King of Norway, according to the Norwegian Constitution the King holds the highest command of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Home Guard.

The Chief of Defence is the top advisor to the Government regarding military issues. He is responsible for carrying out the mission the King or Minister of Defence gives to the Military. He is also Norway's representative to NATO's military committee.

The post was first established in 1940, and is currently held by General Eirik Kristoffersen.

Constitution of Norway
The Constitution of Norway (complete name: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway; Danish: Kongeriget Norges Grundlov; Norwegian Bokmål: Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov; Norwegian Nynorsk: Kongeriket Noregs Grunnlov) was adopted on 16 May and signed on 17 May 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll. The latter date is the National Day of Norway; it marks the establishment of the constitution.

It is the fourth oldest written single-document national constitution in Europe after the Constitution of Poland, the French constitution of 1791, and the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The document is also the second oldest working national constitution in the world, after the Constitution of the United States. In May 2014, the Storting passed the most substantial changes since 1814, particularly by including paragraphs on human rights.
The Holdovers (soundtrack)
The Holdovers (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2023 film of the same name directed by Alexander Payne. Featuring musical score composed by Mark Orton, the soundtrack featured 24 tracks—seven of them being from Orton's score and the remainder being songs from prominent artists Damien Jurado, Labi Siffre, Andy Williams and bands and vocal groups such as The Chambers Brothers, Shocking Blue, The Allman Brothers Band, Artie Shaw and His Orchestra, The Swingles, The Temptations, Tony Orlando and Dawn amongst several others. The soundtrack was released digitally by Back Lot Music on November 10, 2023, coinciding with the film's nationwide release, and physically the following week.

The Chambers Brothers
The Chambers Brothers are an American psychedelic soul band, best known for their eleven-minute 1968 psychedelic soul hit "Time Has Come Today". The group was part of the wave of new music that integrated American blues and gospel traditions with modern psychedelic and rock elements. Their music has been kept alive through frequent use in film soundtracks. There were four brothers, though other musicians were also in the group.
Earnscliffe Woolen-Paragon Worsted Company Mill Complex
The Earnscliffe Woolen-Paragon Worsted Company Mill Complex (M&F Worsted; Artcraft Braid; Cathedral Art Metal Co.) is a historic mill at 25 and 39 Manton Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island.  It consists of a grouping of eleven industrial buildings on 4.4 acres (1.8 ha) in the Olneyville neighborhood of Providence, on the banks of the Woonasquatucket River.  The buildings were built between 1898 and about 1939.  Building 1, the oldest building, began in 1898 as a two-story rectangular brick structure with a three-story tower and a monitor roof, but was expanded over the years, obscuring both the tower and the monitor.  The complex was begun by the Earnscliff Woolen Company, which failed in 1909.  The Paragon Worsted Company purchased the property, and operated on the premises until 1960, when the company closed the mill.

The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Olneyville, Providence, Rhode Island
Olneyville is a neighborhood in Providence, Rhode Island bordered by Atwells Avenue to the north, U.S. Route 6 to the south and Rhode Island Route 10 to the east. The Woonasquatucket River runs through the southern portion of the neighborhood. The area is roughly triangular.

Olneyville Square is a major traffic intersection in Olneyville, defined by the intersection of Westminster Street, Broadway, Hartford Ave, Plainfield Street, and Manton Avenue.
Luis Quiñonez (politician)
Luis Rodolfo Quiñonez is a Guatemalan-born American patriot Vietnam War veteran and business executive. He serves as the chief executive officer of IQ Management Services, a mental health defense contractor. In December 2016, he was interviewed by president-elect Donald Trump for the position of United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

In December 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Quiñonez as a commissioner of the American Battle Monuments Commission, where he served until 2021.

United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs
The United States secretary of veterans affairs is the head of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the department concerned with veterans' benefits, health care, and national veterans' memorials and cemeteries. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet and second to last at seventeenth in the line of succession to the presidency (the position was last until the addition of the United States Department of Homeland Security in 2006). Until the appointment of David Shulkin in 2017, all appointees and acting appointees to the post were United States military veterans, but that is not a requirement to fill the position.

When the post of secretary is vacant, the deputy secretary or any other person designated by the president serves as acting secretary until the president nominates and the United States Senate confirms a new secretary.
Goshta District
34°21′22″N 70°46′20″E﻿ / ﻿34.35611°N 70.77222°E﻿ / 34.35611; 70.77222

Goshta District is located in the northeast of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan and borders Durand Line between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The district's population is Pashtun and was estimated at 160,000 in 2002, of whom 30,000 were children under 12. The district is within the heartland of the Mohmand tribe of Pashtuns. The district centre is the village of Goshta, on the Kabul River.

Kabul River
The Kabul River (Pashto: د کابل سیند, romanized: Də Kābəl Sind; Dari: دریای کابل, romanized: Daryā-yi Kābul), anciently known as the Kubha (Sanskrit: कुभा, romanized: Kubhā) and Cophen (Ancient Greek: Κωφήν, romanized: Kōphḗn; /ˈkoʊfeɪn/), is a 700-kilometre-long (430 mi) river that emerges in the Sanglakh Range of the Hindu Kush mountains in the northeastern part of Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan. It is separated from the watershed of the Helmand River by the Unai Pass. The Kabul River empties into the Indus River near Attock, Pakistan. It is the main river in eastern Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Barhadashi Rural Municipality
Bahradashi (Nepali: बाह्रदशी गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of seven rural municipality located in Jhapa District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 15 municipalities in Jhapa in which 8 are urban and 7 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Jhapa has an area of 88.44 square kilometres (34.15 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 33653 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Rajgadh, Chakchaki and Dangibari which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 7 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Chakchaki.

Constitution of Nepal
The Constitution of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको संविधान) is the present governing Constitution of Nepal.
Nepal is governed according to the Constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007. The constitution of Nepal is divided into 35 parts, 308 Articles and 9 Schedules.

The Constitution was drafted by the Second Constituent Assembly following the failure of the First Constituent Assembly to produce a constitution in its mandated period after the earthquake in April 2015.  The constitution was endorsed by 90% of the total legislators. Out of 598 Constituent Assembly members, 538 voted in favour of the constitution while 60 people voted against it, including a few Terai-based political parties which refrained from the voting process.

Its institutions were put in place in 2010 and 2018 through a series of direct and indirect elections in all governing levels.