hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blanche Wilkins Williams
Blanche Wilkins Williams (December 1, 1876 – March 24, 1936) was an American educator of deaf children. In 1893 she became the first African American woman to graduate from the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf. She was described by a prominent deaf newspaper as "the most accomplished deaf lady of her race in America".

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
Lisanne de Witte
Lisanne de Witte (pronounced [liˈsɑnə də ˈʋɪtə]; born 10 September 1992) is a Dutch track and field athlete who competes in sprinting. She specialises in the 400 metres, where she held the Dutch record with her personal best time of 50.77 seconds from 2018 to 2021.

De Witte represented the Netherlands at the 2016, 2020, and 2024 Summer Olympics. She won bronze medals in the 400 m at the 2018 European Championships and 2019 European Indoor Championships. She won a total of nine Dutch national titles in the 200 m, 400 m, and 800 m.

De Witte also won several international championship medals as part of Dutch women's 4 × 400 m relay teams, including gold medals at the 2023 World Championships and 2024 World Indoor Championships and a silver medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held over two rounds at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, France, on 9 and 10 August 2024. This was the fourteenth time that this event was contested at the Summer Olympics.

Sixteen teams qualified through the 2024 World Athletics Relays or by their ranking on the World Athletics top list. From round 1, eight teams advanced to the final the next day.

The final was won by the team of the United States in an area record of 3:15.27 minutes, followed by the team of the Netherlands in a national record of 3:19.50 min in second place and the team of Great Britain in a national record of 3:19.72 min in third place.
Heath Tarbert
Heath Price Tarbert (born July 15, 1976) is an American lawyer and former government official who served as the 14th Chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) from 2019 to 2021. He  previously served as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Markets and Development and as acting Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs. As of 2025, he is the president of Circle.

Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs
The Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs is a high-ranking position within the United States Department of the Treasury that reports to, advises, and assists the Secretary of the Treasury and the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury on international economic issues and is often referred to as the U.S. Treasury’s top economic diplomat.

The Under Secretary leads the development and implementation of policies in the areas of international finance, trade in financial services, investment, economic development, international debt. It also leads the development of policies on U.S. participation in the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the other multilateral development banks (including the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development). The Under Secretary also coordinates international economic policies with the G7 and G20.
Sentetsu Tehosa-class locomotive
The Tehosa-class (テホサ) locomotives were a class of steam tender locomotives of the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) with a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement. The "Teho" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were called "Ten Wheeler".

After the Liberation of Korea, of the 178 surviving locomotives of all Teho classes - including six previously owned by private railway companies - 106 went to the Korean National Railroad in the South, and 72 to the Korean State Railway in the North.

Tender (rail)
A tender is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing its fuel (wood, coal, oil or torrefied biomass) and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so their tenders are necessary to keep them running over long distances. A locomotive that pulls a tender is called either a tender locomotive or a tender engine. Locomotives that do not have tenders and carry all their fuel and water on board are called tank locomotives or tank engines.

A corridor tender is a locomotive tender with a passageway to one side, allowing crew changes on the fly.

A brake tender is a tender that is heavy and used (primarily) to provide greater braking efficiency.
Bernardo Racchetti
Bernardo Rachetti (1639–1702) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active as a painter of imaginary vedute.

He was born in Milan, the nephew and scholar of Giovanni Ghisolfi. He painted architectural views and perspectives (capricci) in the style of his instructor, for whose pictures Racchetti's are not infrequently mistaken. They usually represent seaports embellished with magnificent buildings.

Capriccio (art)
In painting, a capriccio (Italian pronunciation: [kaˈprittʃo], plural: capricci [kaˈprittʃi]; in older English works often anglicized as "caprice") is an architectural fantasy, placing together buildings, archaeological ruins and other architectural elements in fictional and often fantastical combinations. These paintings may also include staffage (figures). Capriccio falls under the more general term of landscape painting. This style of painting was introduced in the Renaissance and continued into the Baroque.

By the late 18th century the term had expanded to mean any image with an equivalent degree of fantasy, for example as used in the titles of print series by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and Goya, both of whom focus on figures rather than architecture.

The term is also used for other types of art with an element of fantasy (as capriccio in music).
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Most of these disorders involve excessive or deficient production of hormones such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, or sex steroids, and can alter development of primary or secondary sex characteristics in some affected infants, children, or adults. It is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in humans.

Adrenal cortex
The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of the adrenal gland. It is divided into three separate zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Each zone is responsible for producing specific hormones. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis.
Cobalt(III) oxide
Cobalt(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula of Co2O3. Although only two oxides of cobalt are well characterized, CoO and Co3O4, procedures claiming to give Co2O3 have been described. The treatment of Co(II) salts such as cobalt(II) sulfate with an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (also known as bleach) gives a black solid:

2CoSO4  +  4NaOH + NaOCl  →   Co2O3 + 2Na2SO4 + NaCl

Some formulations of the catalyst hopcalite contain "Co2O3".

Some studies have been unable to synthesize the compound, and report that it is theoretically unstable.

It is soluble in cold diluted sulfuric acid and produces Co2[SO4]3, which is blue in aqueous solution.

Co2O3  +  3H2SO4  →  Co2[SO4]3  +  3H2O

Cobalt(III) ion is a strong 
oxidizer in acidic solution, its standard electrode potential is +1.84V in this situation.

Cobalt(II) sulfate
Cobalt(II) sulfate is any of the inorganic compounds with the formula CoSO4(H2O)x.  Usually cobalt sulfate refers to the hexa- or heptahydrates CoSO4.6H2O or CoSO4.7H2O, respectively. The heptahydrate is a red solid that is soluble in water and methanol. Since cobalt(II) has an odd number of electrons, its salts are paramagnetic.
Pierre Lambert de la Motte
Pierre Lambert de la Motte, MEP (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ lɑ̃bɛʁ də la mɔt]; 16 January 1624 – 15 June 1679) was a French bishop. He was a founding member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society and became a missionary in Asia.

Tonkin
Tonkin (Chinese: 東京), also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is an exonym referring to the area surrounding the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain of Đàng Ngoài, under the control of the Trịnh lords, encompassing both the Northern and Thanh–Nghệ regions, north of the Gianh River at the 17.7th parallel. From 1884 to early 1945, the term referred to the French protectorate of Tonkin, which comprised only the Northern region, approximately north of the 20th parallel.
Museum of Fine Arts station
Museum of Fine Arts station can refer to the following stations:

Museum of Fine Arts station (MBTA), a light rail stop in Boston, Massachusetts

Museum of Fine Arts railway station (Taiwan), a train station in Gushan, Kaohsiung

Museum of Fine Arts railway station (Taiwan)
Museum of Fine Arts railway station (Chinese: 美術館車站; pinyin: Měishùguǎn Chēzhàn) is a railway and light rail station located in Gushan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It is served by Taiwan Railway and the Circular light rail of the Kaohsiung Metro.
Taosheng Huang
Taosheng Huang is a physician-scientist with substantial academic achievements and professional experience in translational research, specifically, in human mitochondrial genetics. He is a full Professor and Director of the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory in the Division of Human Genetics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). Huang has published over 100 manuscripts in many impactful journals.

Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl (HO2), superoxide (O2−), the hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen(1O2).  ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O2, which is abundant.  ROS are important in many ways, both beneficial and otherwise.  ROS function as signals, that turn on and off biological functions.  They are intermediates in the redox behavior of O2, which is central to fuel cells.  ROS are central to the photodegradation of organic pollutants in the atmosphere.  Most often, however, ROS are discussed in a biological context, ranging from their effects on aging and their role in causing dangerous genetic mutations.
National Anticorruption Directorate
The National Anticorruption Directorate (Romanian: Direcția Națională Anticorupție (DNA)), formerly National Anticorruption Prosecution Office (Romanian: Parchetul Național Anticorupție), is the Romanian agency tasked with preventing, investigating and prosecuting corruption-related offenses (such as bribery, graft, patronage and embezzlement) that caused a material damage to the Romanian state. The institution deals with the fight against high corruption offences, which have caused damage greater than €200,000 or if the object of the crime is property or sums of money amounting to over €10,000.

High Court of Cassation and Justice
The High Court of Cassation and Justice (Romanian: Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție) is Romania's supreme court. It is the equivalent of France's Cour de Cassation and serves a similar function to other courts of cassation around the world.
Air raids on Hong Kong
The United States Army Air Forces and United States Navy conducted numerous air raids against Japanese-occupied Hong Kong and shipping near the city during World War II. The Royal Australian Air Force took part in efforts to lay naval mines in the Hong Kong area. These attacks began in 1942. In 1945 it was incorporated into the larger South China Sea raid. British Pacific Fleet aircraft also attacked Japanese suicide boats at Hong Kong as part of the reoccupation of the colony in late August 1945.

Motor launch (naval)
A motor launch (ML) is a small military vessel in Royal Navy service. It was designed for harbour defence and submarine chasing. Similar vessels were used by the Royal Air Force for armed high-speed air-sea rescue. Some vessels for water police service are also known as motor launches.
Motor launches were slower than motor torpedo boats and motor gun boats
Swimming at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The Women's 4x200 Freestyle Relay event at the 11th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam on 28 July 2005 in Montreal, Canada

At the start of the event, the existing World (WR) and Championships (CR) records were:

WR: 7:53.42 swum by USA on 18 August 2004 in Athens, Greece

CR: 7:55.70 swum by USA on 24 July 2003 in Barcelona, Spain

Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics
The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi. It featured 32 events (16 male, 16 female), a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations, and the program's changes instituted in the previous Games, including notably the three-phase format (heats, semifinals, and final) for all short-distance races (200 metres and under).

Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28, earning twelve golds, nine silver, and seven bronze. Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000, but produced a total of 15 more medals (seven golds, five silver, and three bronze) to its historical hardware in swimming. Meanwhile, Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima. A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition.
Cilliers
Cilliers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cecile Cilliers (1933–2018), Afrikaans writer

Charl Cilliers (writer) (born 1941), South African author and poet

Ina Cilliers (born 1969), South African politician

Jana Cilliers (born 1950), South African actress

Ockert Cilliers (born 1981), South African hurdler

Pat Cilliers (born 1987), South African rugby union footballer

Paul Cilliers (Friedrich Paul Cilliers, 1956–2011), South African philosopher

Raymond Cilliers (born 1981), South African Christian recording artist

Sarel Cilliers (Charl Arnoldus Cilliers, 1801–1871), Voortrekker leader and a preacher

Victoria Cilliers, British skydiver who survived a murder attempt on her in 2015

Vlok Cilliers (born 1968), South African rugby union player

Paul Cilliers
Friedrich Paul Cilliers (25 December 1956 – 31 July 2011) was a South-African philosopher, complexity researcher, and Professor in Complexity and Philosophy at Stellenbosch University. He was known for his contributions in the field of complex systems.
Empire State Bastard
Empire State Bastard are a British metal duo formed of Mike Vennart (of Cardiacs and formerly of Oceansize) and Simon Neil of Biffy Clyro.

To date, the duo has released one album, Rivers of Heresy, which was released on 1 September 2023, and debuted at number 46 on the UK Albums (OCC).

Oceansize
Oceansize were an English rock band from Manchester, formed in 1998. The band consisted of Mike Vennart (vocals, guitar), Steve Durose (guitar, backing vocals), Richard "Gambler" Ingram (guitar, keyboards), Mark Heron (drums) and Jon Ellis (bass guitar) for the majority of its career, with Steve Hodson replacing Ellis on bass guitar in 2006.

The band released four studio albums, in addition to a number of EPs and singles, displaying a wide array of influences from several genres including post-rock, math rock, psychedelic rock, and space rock. Following a twelve-year career, Oceansize announced their split in February 2011, with the members moving on to different projects.
Aachen Open Air Pop Festival
The Aachen Open Air Pop Festival was a rock festival held at Hauptstadion in Aachen, West Germany, on 10–12 July 1970. The "Soersfestival", as it is commonly called, was the initiative of three local students: Golo Goldschmitt, Walter Reiff, and Karl-August Hohmann in particular. As there were many hippies and freaks to be expected from all over Europe, the organisers had to tackle considerable difficulties and hostilities to crack on with the idea. Between 30,000 and 40,000 visitors attended. The festival was well-organised, the weather was fine and no real problems occurred in spite of a massive and intimidating cop presence. Coca-Cola was the main investor, along with some local entrepreneurs. Tickets cost DM 15,- , or DM 40,- for three days. Artists who ultimately declined invitations, included  Ginger Baker's Air Force, Canned Heat, Donovan, Fat Mattress, John Lennon & the Plastic Ono Band, John Mayall, Rhinoceros, The Rolling Stones and Soft Machine.

Freak
A freak is a person who is physically deformed or transformed due to an extraordinary medical condition or body modification. This definition was first attested with this meaning in the 1880s as a shorter form of the phrase "freak of nature", itself a broader term meaning "whimsy or caprice of nature", attributed at least as far back as 1847. The term's original neutral connotation became entirely negative during the 20th century; therefore, freak with its literal meaning of "abnormally developed individual" is viewed purely as a pejorative today. However, the term is also recently used playfully to refer to an enthusiast or obsessive person, as in a fitness freak or control freak.
2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2002 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 29 August 2001 and 31 August 2002.  It was the second Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, following its change of name from the NatWest Trophy.  The tournament was won by Yorkshire who defeated Somerset by 6 wickets in the final at Lord's.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
1954–55 Scottish Inter-District Championship
The 1954–55 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a  rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.

This season saw the second formal Scottish Inter-District Championship.

The district sides selected were Glasgow District, Edinburgh District, North and Midlands and South.

South won the competition with a maximum three wins.

Glasgow HSFP
Glasgow HSFP are a former rugby union team that played their home games at Glasgow, Scotland.

The team was founded in 1884 by former pupils of the High School of Glasgow. The team no longer exists.

In 1982 it merged with the Kelvinside Academicals - the rugby team of another school; the Kelvinside Academy - to form a rugby club called Glasgow High Kelvinside.

In 1997, Glasgow High Kelvinside merged with Glasgow Academicals to form Glasgow Hawks. Both GHK and Academicals survived the merger as spin-offs from the Hawks.

Originally, West of Scotland Football Club (known often as 'West') was also invited into the merger, but declined and continue to play at their club in Milngavie.
Cockaigne (In London Town)
Cockaigne (In London Town), Op. 40, also known as the Cockaigne Overture, is a concert overture for full orchestra written by the English composer Edward Elgar in 1900–1901. It was his first purely orchestral work after his Enigma Variations had propelled him to national celebrity and it was an immediate success and has been much performed in concert and on record ever since.

Overture
Overture (from French ouverture, lit. "opening") is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the symphonic poem. These were "at first undoubtedly intended to be played at the head of a programme".

The idea of an instrumental opening to opera existed during the 17th century. Peri's Euridice opens with a brief instrumental ritornello, and Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (1607) opens with a toccata, in this case a fanfare for muted trumpets. More important was the prologue, consisting of sung dialogue between allegorical characters which introduced the overarching themes of the stories depicted.
Shaneka Gordon
Shaneka Jodian Gordon (born 28 May 1986) is a Jamaican footballer who plays as a midfielder for Icelandic club ÍBV. She was a member of the Jamaica women's national team. In 2015, she received an Icelandic citizenship. After missing the 2016 and 2017 seasons due to injury she signed with ÍR for the 2018 season.

ÍBV (women's football)
The ÍBV women's football team is the women's football department of the ÍBV-íþróttafélag (English: ÍBV sports club) multi-sport club. It is based in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, and currently plays in the Besta deild kvenna, the top-tier women's football league in Iceland. The team plays its home games at the Hásteinsvöllur. ÍBV has won the Icelandic Cup twice, in 2004 and 2017.
Breakover angle
Breakover angle or rampover angle is the maximum possible supplementary angle (usually expressed in degrees) that a vehicle, with at least one forward wheel and one rear wheel, can drive over without the apex of that angle touching any point of the vehicle other than the wheels. This definition is contingent upon the wheels being in continuous contact with the supporting surface(s). Breakover angle differs from ground clearance, which is the shortest distance between the ground and lowest point on the vehicle.

Apex (geometry)
In geometry, an apex (pl.: apices) is the vertex which is in some sense the "highest" of the figure to which it belongs. The term is typically used to refer to the vertex opposite from some "base". The word is derived from the Latin for 'summit, peak, tip, top, extreme end'. The term apex may be used in different contexts:

In an isosceles triangle, the apex is the vertex where the two sides of equal length meet, opposite the unequal third side.

In a pyramid or cone, the apex is the vertex at the "top" (opposite the base). In a pyramid, the vertex is the point that is part of all the lateral faces, or where all the lateral edges meet.