hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dao Prefecture
Daozhou or Dao Prefecture (道州) was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Dao County, Hunan, China. In the Yuan dynasty it was known as Daozhou Route (道州路) and in the Ming dynasty (briefly) as Daozhou Prefecture (道州府). It existed (intermittently) from 634 to 1913.

Zhou (administrative division)
Zhou (Chinese: 州; pinyin: zhōu; lit. 'land') were historical administrative and political divisions of China. Formally established during the Han dynasty, zhou existed continuously for over 2000 years until the 1912 establishment of the Republic of China. Zhou were also once used in Korea (주, ju), Vietnam (Vietnamese: châu) and Japan (Hepburn: shū).
Uromyces euphorbiae
Uromyces euphorbiae is a fungal species (in the Pucciniaceae family and Pucciniales order) and a plant pathogen infecting poinsettias.

It was originally found on the leaves of Euphorbia hypericifolia in New York, USA.

The fungus can be found on various species of Acalypha, Chamaesyce, and also other Euphorbia species (Euphorbiaceae) worldwide.

It is found on other Euphorbia species, such as Euphorbia hirta, and Euphorbia cheiradenia Boiss. & Hohen.

It is known by the rust pustules which are delimited by a necrotic band which has a reddish-brown border.

Uromyces euphorbiae can be distinguished from other Uromyces fungal species found on various Euphorbia species (in Turkey) by comparing its macrocyclic life cycle, dark brown teleutospores and also the big warts located on the teleutospores wall.

Euphorbia hypericifolia
Euphorbia hypericifolia (commonly known as graceful spurge, golden spurge, and chickenweed) is a species of perennial herb in the genus Euphorbia native to tropical Americas. It normally grows up to 2 feet (0.6 m) in height, and contains milky sap which can cause skin and eye irritation.
Shaoang Liu
Shaoang Liu (Chinese: 刘少昂; pinyin: Liú Shào'áng; Mandarin pronunciation: [ljǒʊ ʂâʊ ǎŋ]; born 13 March 1998) is a Hungarian-born Olympic gold medalist short track speed skater. He is the younger brother of teammate Shaolin Sándor Liu, and has won two golds and two bronzes representing Hungary at the Winter Olympics in 2018 and 2022 in short track speed skating. The gold medals were the first-ever team gold, and the first ever individual gold at the Winter Olympics for Hungary.  Since 2023, Liu has represented China.

Hungary at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Hungary competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022.

Hungary's team consisted of 14 athletes (8 men and six women) competing in five sports. Márton Kékesi and Zita Tóth were the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile cross-country skier Adam Konya was the flagbearer during the closing ceremony.
Household chemicals
Household chemicals are non-food chemicals that are commonly found and used in and around the average household. They are a type of consumer goods, designed particularly to assist cleaning, house and yard maintenance, cooking, pest control and general hygiene purposes, often stored in the kitchen or garage.

Food additives generally do not fall under this category, unless they have a use other than for human consumption. Additives in general (e.g. stabilizers and coloring found in washing powder and dishwasher detergents) make the classification of household chemicals more complex, especially in terms of health - some of these chemicals are irritants or potent allergens - and ecological effects.

Together with non-compostable household waste, the chemicals found in private household commodities pose a serious ecological problem. In addition to having slightly adverse up to seriously toxic effects when swallowed, chemical agents around may contain flammable or corrosive substances.

Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'
Arize
The Arize (French pronunciation: [aʁiz]; Occitan: Arisa) is a river of France, a right tributary of the Garonne.  It arises at 1,355 metres (4,446 ft) in the massif of Arize, in the Pyrenees, in the department of Ariège. The Arize is 83.8 km (52.1 mi) long and flows into the Garonne at Carbonne.

In its first four or five kilometres (2.5 or 3.1 mi) it is called the Péguère.  It formed the grotto of Le Mas-d'Azil.

Ariège (department)
Ariège (French pronunciation: [aʁjɛʒ] ⓘ; Occitan: Arièja [aɾiˈɛdʒɔ]) is a department in southwestern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It is named after the river Ariège and its capital is Foix. Ariège is known for its rural landscape, with a population of 153,287 as of 2019. Its INSEE and postal code is 09. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ariègeois or Ariègeoises.
Deephaven, Minnesota
Deephaven is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,899 as of the 2020 census. Situated roughly 13 miles (21 km) west of Minneapolis, it is a western suburb of the Twin Cities.

Deephaven, located along the eastern shore of Lake Minnetonka, is the birthplace of the lake racing scow sailboat. In addition, The Cottagewood General Store is a local landmark that has been serving tourists and locals since 1895.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
C-QUAM
C-QUAM (Compatible QUadrature Amplitude Modulation) is the method of AM stereo broadcasting used in Canada, the United States and most other countries. It was invented in 1977 by Norman Parker, Francis Hilbert, and Yoshio Sakaie, and published in an IEEE journal.

Using circuitry developed by Motorola, C-QUAM uses quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to encode the stereo separation signal. This extra signal is then stripped down in such a way that it is compatible with the envelope detector of older receivers, hence the name C-QUAM for Compatible. A 25 Hz pilot tone is added to trigger receivers; unlike its counterpart in FM radio, this carrier is not necessary for the reconstruction of the original audio sources.

Pilot signal
In telecommunications, a pilot signal is a signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for supervisory, control, equalization, continuity, synchronization, or reference purposes.
Zhao Wuxu
Zhao Wuxu (Chinese: 趙毋卹), also known by his posthumous name as the Viscount Xiang of Zhao (趙襄子), was a leader of the Zhao clan in the Jin state. During his tenure as clan leader of Zhao, he entered into an alliance with the Han (韓) and Wei (魏) clans, and annihilated the Zhi (知) clan in the Battle of Jinyang.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Ceratolobus
Ceratolobus was a dioecious genus of flowering plants in the palm family found in Southeast Asia, commonly called rotan. Its species are now included within the genus Calamus. They were only differentiated from Calamus and close relatives like Korthalsia by leaf sheath appendages or inflorescence variations.  The Greek genus name combines "horn" and "capsule".

Korthalsia
Korthalsia is a clustering genus of flowering plant in the palm family Arecaceae spread throughout Southeast Asia. It is a highly specialized rattan with some species known to have an intimate relationship with ants, hence the common name ant rattan.  High-climbing and armed with spines, the genus is named for the Dutch botanist Pieter Willem Korthals who first collected them in Indonesia.
FC Botoșani in European football
Fotbal Club Botoșani is a Romanian professional football club based in Botoșani, Botoșani County, northeastern Romania. The club has only participated in two seasons of the UEFA Europa League thus far, more specifically in 2015–16 and then once more rather recently in 2020–21 UEFA Europa League. During both seasons it failed to qualify to the group stage and only played until the second qualifying round.

Botoșani County
Botoșani County (Romanian pronunciation: [botoˈʃanʲ] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia (encompassing a few villages in neighbouring Suceava County from Bukovina to the west as well), with the county seat at Botoșani.
Mayasabha (TV series)
Mayasabha: Rise of the Titans is an Indian Telugu-language political drama television series created by Deva Katta, who co-directed the series and co-wrote its screenplay with Kiran Jay Kumar. The series is produced by Vijay Krishna Lingamaneni and Sree Harsha under the banner of Hitmen & Proodos Productions LLP. It stars Aadhi Pinisetty and Chaitanya Rao in the lead roles, co-starring Sai Kumar, Divya Dutta, and Nassar.

It premiered on SonyLIV on 7 August 2025. The story is fictionalized retelling of the events based on the politics of Andhra Pradesh that took place between the 1970s and 1995.

Chaitanya Rao Madadi
Chaitanya Rao Madadi (born 13 July 1989) is an Indian actor who works in Telugu cinema. He made his debut with Bhandook (2015) and then appeared in films such as Valentines Night, Annapurna Photo Studio and Keedaa Cola.
George Falcke
Georg Falcke (2 March 1891 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA – 1 February 1979 in Copenhagen, Denmark) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Danish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event.

Professionally, he was a traveling salesman.

He is the great-grandfather of the Danish speedskater Cathrine Grage.

Cathrine Grage
Cathrine Grage (born 13 October 1976) is a Danish speedskater, inline skater and cyclist. As of January 2012, Grage has set a total of 61 successive national records, and holds all of the Danish women's records in speed skating, at all distances. In addition, she holds various national samalogue records, though not all of these have been ratified by the Danish skating association.
Ramazan Kuramagomedov
Ramazan Ramazanovich Kuramagomedov (Russian: Рамазан Рамазанович Курамагомедов; born August 23, 1996) is a Russian former mixed martial artist, who last competed in the Welterweight division of the Professional Fighters League (PFL), where he was the inaugural PFL Welterweight World Champion. He formerly competed in the Welterweight division of Bellator MMA, where he was the last Bellator Welterweight Champion. He has previously fought for major MMA promotions like ACA, PFL, UAE Warriors, CFFC & Eagle FC. As of February 12, 2026, he is #6 in the PFL men's pound-for-pound rankings.

Absolute Championship Akhmat
Absolute Championship Akhmat (ACA), formerly known as Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB), is a Russian mixed martial arts, kickboxing, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu organization and one of the leading promotions in Europe. To date, most events have been hosted in Grozny, Chechnya. ACA has also held events in other Russian cities, as well as in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Puerto Rico Highway 179
Puerto Rico Highway 179 (PR-179) is a rural road that travels from Guayama to Cayey in Puerto Rico. It goes through Patillas but with no major junctions. This road extends from PR-15 north of downtown Guayama and ends at PR-184 in Farallón.

Northbound sign for PR-179 in Guamaní, Guayama

Guayama, Puerto Rico
Guayama (Spanish: [ɡwaˈʝama], locally [waˈʝama]), officially the Autonomous Municipality of Guayama (Spanish: Municipio Autónomo de Guayama), is a city and municipality on the Caribbean coast of Puerto Rico. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the city had a population of 36,614. It is the center of the Guayama metropolitan area with a population of 68,442 in 2020.
Smilevo
Smilevo (Macedonian: Смилево) is a village in North Macedonia, municipality of Demir Hisar.

It is famous for the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie uprising which started in the village in the morning of August 2, 1903 (see Battle of Smilevo). The decision for the uprising was taken during the Smilevo congress of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) from May 2 to May 7, 1903.

The village is the native place of Dame Gruev, one of the founders and most prominent leaders of IMRO.

Demir Hisar Municipality
Demir Hisar (Macedonian: Демир Хисар [dɛˈmir‿xisar] ⓘ) is a municipality in the southwestern part of North Macedonia. Demir Hisar, which means "iron fortress" in Turkish, is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is located. The Demir Hisar Municipality is part of the Pelagonia Statistical Region.
Dragomir Čumić
Dragomir "Drago" Čumić (Serbian Cyrillic: Драгомир "Драго" Чумић; 8 May 1937 in Sirač near Daruvar, Kingdom of Yugoslavia – 10 November 2013 in Belgrade, Serbia) was a Serbian actor. His credits includes roles in the TV series Bolji život and The Collector, which is said to be the first Serbian science fiction television series.

Daruvar
Daruvar is a spa town and municipality in Slavonia, northeastern Croatia, with a population of 8,567. The area including the surrounding villages (Daruvarski Vinogradi, Doljani, Donji Daruvar, Gornji Daruvar, Lipovac Majur, Ljudevit Selo, Markovac, and Vrbovac) had a population of 11,633 in 2011.

It is located in the foothills of Papuk mountain and along the Toplica River. The main political and cultural centre of the Czech national minority in Croatia, Daruvar has a winemaking tradition reportedly dating back more than 2,000 years.
Meir Balaban
Meir Balaban or Majer Samuel Bałaban (3 March [O.S. 20 February] 1877, 18 Adar [5]637 – 26 December 1942, Tevet [5]702) was a historian of Polish and Galician Jews, and the founder of Polish Jewish historiography.

Galician Jews
Galician Jews or Galitzianers (Yiddish: גאַליציאַנער, romanized: Galitsianer) are members of the subgroup of Ashkenazi Jews originating and developed in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and Bukovina from contemporary western Ukraine (Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil Oblasts) and from south-eastern Poland (Subcarpathian and Lesser Poland). Galicia proper, which was inhabited by Ruthenians, Poles and Jews, became a royal province within Austria-Hungary after the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. Galician Jews primarily spoke Yiddish.
The Naked Woman
The Naked Woman: A Study of the Female Body is a book by zoologist Desmond Morris first published in 2004.

The book describes the female body from an evolutionary point of view. It is divided in several chapters, each dedicated to a part of the body, from hair to foot. For each, Morris explains the structure and function of the part, discusses its evolution, the social importance throughout human history, and the artificial modifications and decorations employed by different cultures.

After a chapter on evolution, the succeeding 22 chapters are concerned with, respectively: hair, brow, ears, eyes, nose, cheeks, lips, mouth, neck, shoulders, arms, hands, breasts, waist, hips, belly, back, pubic hair, genitals, buttocks, legs, and feet.

Cheek
The cheeks (Latin: buccae) constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear. Buccal means relating to the cheek. In humans, the region is innervated by the buccal nerve. The area between the inside of the cheek and the teeth and gums is called the vestibule or buccal pouch or buccal cavity and forms part of the mouth. In other animals, the cheeks may also be referred to as "jowls".
Stars of Eger (1923 film)
Stars of Eger (Hungarian: Egri csillagok) is a 1923 Hungarian silent historical film directed by Pál Fejös and starring Mara Jankovszky, Zoltán Makláry and Ili K. Takács. It is an adaptation of the 1899 novel Eclipse of the Crescent Moon by Géza Gárdonyi. A second film adaptation was made in 1968. The film's sets were designed by the art director István Básthy.

Géza Gárdonyi
Géza Gárdonyi, born Géza Ziegler (3 August 1863 – 30 October 1922) was a Hungarian writer and journalist. Although he wrote a range of works, he had his greatest success as a historical novelist, particularly with Eclipse of the Crescent Moon and Slave of the Huns.
Come-along
A come-along, also known as a power puller, is a hand-operated winch with a ratchet used to pull objects. The drum is wrapped with wire rope. A similar tool that uses a nylon strap is used to straighten trees, as it straightens gradually over time, therefore not splitting the trunk.

Come-alongs are not rated for overhead lifting, but a similar-looking device called a ratchet lever hoist is used this way.

The original tool of this type was developed by Abraham Maasdam of Deep Creek, Colorado, about 1919, and later commercialized by his son, Felber Maasdam, about 1946.  It has been copied by many manufacturers in recent decades. A similar heavy-duty unit with a combination chain and cable became available in 1935 that was used by railroads, but lacked the success of the cable-only type units.

A similar tool to a come-along is a cable puller, which does not have a drum and ratchet but directly grips the cable, allowing unlimited lengths of wire rope to be used.

Hoist (device)
A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope or chain wraps.  It may be manually operated, electrically or pneumatically driven and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting medium. The most familiar form is an elevator, the car of which is raised and lowered by a hoist mechanism.  Most hoists couple to their loads using a lifting hook.
Medog horned toad
The Medog horned toad (Xenophrys medogensis), or Medog spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It was described as a subspecies of Omei horned toad (Megophrys omeimontis) based on specimens collected from Mêdog County, Tibet (China); it is still only known from its type locality. It probably has a wider distribution that may reach India. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.

Mêdog County
Mêdog (Tibetan: མེ་ཏོག་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 墨脱县), formerly known as Pemako (Tibetan: པདྨ་བཀོད་, Wylie: pad ma bkod, THL: Pémakö, ZWPY: Bämagö lit. "Lotus Array"), is a county of Nyingchi in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Pemako is considered famous because it is the Nyingma master Dudjom Rinpoche's birthplace, and it is a prophesied refuge for Tibetan Buddhists by Padmasambhava.
Charles Fairchild
Charles Grandison Fairchild (1843–1933) was an American educator.

Fairchild was born in Birmingham, Michigan, the son of Edward Henry Fairchild.

After serving in the Union cavalry during the Civil War, Fairchild graduated from Oberlin College (AB, 1866).  After further theological studies at Oberlin, Fairchild was ordained in the Congregational Church.

In the early 1870s, He toured Europe as manager for the original Jubilee singers of Fisk University.

Fairchild was a gifted fundraiser for colleges.  From 1873 to 1881, Fairchild taught physics and served as a fundraiser for Berea College in Berea, Kentucky.  During that time his father was president of Berea. From 1881 to 1893, he taught chemistry and physics and served as a fundraiser for Oberlin where his uncle James was president.

In 1893, he became president of Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida.  He served for two years.
From 1904 to 1918, Fairchild worked for the Board of Education of New York, NY.

Berea, Kentucky
Berea (/bəˈriːə/ bə-REE-ə) is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, in the United States. The city is best known for its art festivals, historic restaurants and buildings, and as the home to Berea College, a private liberal arts college. The population was 15,539 at the 2020 census. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Kentucky, having increased by 27.4% since 2000. Berea is a principal city of the Richmond−Berea Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Madison and Rockcastle counties. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1890.
Sitka Tribe of Alaska
The Sitka Tribe of Alaska is the federally recognized tribal government for more than 4,000 federally recognized Native people, mostly Alaska Natives from Southeast Alaska, living in or near Sitka in the U.S. state of Alaska. Most Sitka Tribe citizens of are Tlingit, Haida or Tsimshian heritage.

Haida people
The Haida (English:  /ˈhaɪdə/, Haida: X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat) are an Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. They constitute one of 203 First Nations in British Columbia and 231 federally recognized tribes in Alaska.

Their traditional territory include Haida Gwaii, an archipelago off the coast of British Columbia, and the southern half of Prince of Wales Island, in Southeast Alaska. Their language is Haida, a linguistic isolate. The Haida are known for their craftsmanship, trading skills, and seamanship. They are known to have frequently carried out raids and to have practiced slavery.

In Canada, the Haida are represented by Council of the Haida Nation (CHN), in addition to the two village band governments, Old Massett Village Council and Skidegate Band Council. Federally recognized Haida tribes in the United States include the Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska and the Hydaburg Cooperative Association.
Harz – Brunswick Land – Eastphalia National Geopark
The Harz – Brunswick Land – Eastphalia National Geopark (German: Nationaler Geopark Harz – Braunschweiger Land – Ostfalen) in central Germany extends from the Flechtingen Hills in the north to the gypsum karst region on the southern edge of the Harz and from east to west over the entire width of the mountain range on the territory of the three federal states of Lower Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt.

It includes nature parks and other natural protected areas which are the reason why the Harz mountains, the Elm and the Drömling are destinations for tourists seeking to be close to nature.

Flechtingen Hills
The Flechtingen Hills (German: Flechtinger Höhenzug) are a wooded, hilly upland area up to 179 m high in the northwestern part of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, named after the town of Flechtingen.