hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allen Battle
Allen Zelmo Battle (born November 29, 1968) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals and Oakland Athletics. He was drafted by the Cardinals in the 10th round of the 1991 MLB draft. Battle played his first professional season with their Rookie league Johnson City Cardinals and Class A Savannah Cardinals in 1991, and his last with the Chicago Cubs' Rookie league AZL Cubs and Triple-A Iowa Cubs in 1999.

Arizona Complex League Cubs
The Arizona Complex League Cubs are a Rookie-level affiliate of the Chicago Cubs, competing in the Arizona Complex League of Minor League Baseball. The team plays it home games at Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and other countries.
Northern tinker frog
The northern tinker frog, northern timber frog, or tinkling frog  (Taudactylus rheophilus) is a species of frog in the family Myobatrachidae. It is endemic to humid mountainous areas of north-eastern Queensland in Australia. It lives among rocks and logs at small fast-flowing streams. Adults are nocturnal.

Myobatrachidae
Myobatrachidae, commonly known as Australian ground frogs or Australian water frogs, is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this family vary greatly in size, from species less than 1.5 cm (0.59 in) long, to the second-largest frog in Australia, the giant barred frog (Mixophyes iteratus), at 12 cm (4.7 in) in length. The entire family is either terrestrial or aquatic frogs, with no arboreal species.
Halls Mills Bridge (New York)
Halls Mills Bridge is a wooden covered bridge over the Neversink River. It is in the town of Neversink, in Sullivan County, New York, on Hunter Road. Construction began in 1906 and was completed in 1912, built by David Benton and James Knight.  It is a single span of town lattice truss design. The bridge was retired from vehicle use in 1963, and was accessible to pedestrians only. It is now posted as being closed to pedestrian traffic.

One of the dry stacked stone abutments was damaged heavily during Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee in August 2011.

It is one of 22 covered bridges in New York State.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Municipality of Podlehnik
The Municipality of Podlehnik (pronounced [pɔˈdleːxnik]; Slovene: Občina Podlehnik) is a municipality in Slovenia. It lies in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia and belongs to the Drava Statistical Region. The municipality borders on the municipalities of Videm and Žetale, and Croatia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Podlehnik. The municipality was established in 1999.

Municipality of Videm
The Municipality of Videm (pronounced [ˈʋiːdəm]) is a municipality in Slovenia. It includes part of the flatlands south of Ptuj and extends beyond the Dravinja River into the Haloze Hills to the south. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the settlement of Videm pri Ptuju. It borders Croatia.
Mohammad Daneshgar
Mohammad Daneshgar (Persian: محمد دانشگر سنجوانمره; born 20 January 1994) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a defender for 
Sepahan in the Persian Gulf Pro League. He is known for his aggressive and intense style of defending.

2012 AFC U-19 Championship
The 2012 AFC U-19 Championship is the 37th edition of the tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation. The AFC approved UAE as hosts of the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship on 23 November 2011. The top four teams will qualify directly to the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup hosted by Turkey.
Beraintsi
Beraintsi (Bulgarian: Бераинци, pronounced [bɛˈraint͡si]) is a small village in Tran Obshtina, Pernik Oblast. It is located in western Bulgaria, 82 km from the capital city of Sofia, 6 km from the town of Tran and 13 km from the border with Serbia. To the north is the Ruy Mountain, which rises 1,706 m above sea level. The village has a permanent population of 15 people, although during the summer period it increases to as many as 150 people. Beraintsi was first mentioned in 1447 as Braintsi. It stems from a family name itself derived from the personal name Beraya, a vocative form of Beray. The first school in the Znepole (approximately today's Tran municipality) was opened in 1778 by Trichko Gusin and existed for nearly a century.

Pernik Province
42°35′N 23°0′E﻿ / ﻿42.583°N 23.000°E﻿ / 42.583; 23.000

Pernik Province is a province in western Bulgaria, neighbouring Serbia. Its main city is Pernik, and other municipalities are Breznik, Kovachevtsi, Radomir, Tran, and Zemen.
Summer and Smoke
Summer and Smoke is a two-part, thirteen-scene play by Tennessee Williams, completed in 1948. He began working on the play in 1945 as Chart of Anatomy, derived from his short stories "Oriflamme" and "Yellow Bird", the latter still a work-in-progress. The phrase "summer and smoke" probably comes from the Hart Crane poem "Emblems of Conduct" in the 1926 collection White Buildings. After a disappointing Broadway run in 1948, the play was a hit Off-Broadway in 1952. Williams continued to revise Summer and Smoke in the 1950s, and in 1964 he rewrote the play as The Eccentricities of a Nightingale.

White Buildings
White Buildings was the first collection (1926) of poetry by Hart Crane, an American modernist poet, critical to both lyrical and language poetic traditions.

The book features well-known pieces like "For the Marriage of Faustus and Helen," the "Voyages" series, and some of his most famous lyrics including "My Grandmother's Love Letters" and "Chaplinesque." Harold Bloom has argued that this collection alone, if perhaps taken with his later lyric, 'The Broken Tower,' could have secured Crane's reputation as one of the best American poets of the 20th century.
Mokohinau Islands Lighthouse
Mokohinau Islands Lighthouse is a lighthouse on Burgess Island, one of the Mokohinau Islands, which lie off the northeast coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It is owned and operated by Maritime New Zealand. The lighthouse sits at the entrance to the Hauraki Gulf as the landfall light for vessels approaching Auckland from the north and northeast.

The lighthouse was built in 1883 and first lit during June of that year. Its isolated position, approximately 50 km northeast of Cape Rodney makes it one of the most distant lighthouses from the mainland.

During World War II, the lighthouse was turned off as a German destroyer was suspected to be in the area laying mines. The lighthouse was not relit until 1947.

In 1980, the lighthouse was fully automated and the lighthouse keepers were withdrawn.  The lighthouse is now monitored remotely from Wellington. The white light flashes every 10 seconds and can be seen for 19 nautical miles (35 km).

Maritime New Zealand
Maritime New Zealand (New Zealand Maritime Safety Authority) is a Crown entity and also a state maritime safety authority responsible for protecting the maritime transport sequence and marine environment within New Zealand and maintaining safety and security.

They define their vision as: "a maritime environment with minimum deaths, accidents, incidents and pollution as part of an integrated and sustainable transport system".

Maritime New Zealand also provides guidance and advice about Seafarer Certifications.
Bosustow
Bosustow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Bosustow (1934–1997), Australian rules footballer

John Bosustow (1817–1880), American politician

Nick Bosustow (1940–2022), American film producer, son of Stephen

Peter Bosustow (1957–2025), Australian rules footballer, son of Bob

Stephen Bosustow (1911–1981), Canadian-born American film producer

Stephen Bosustow
Stephen Reginald Bosustow (November 6, 1911 in Victoria, British Columbia – July 4, 1981) was a Canadian-born American film producer from 1943 until his retirement in 1979. He was one of the founders of United Productions of America (UPA) and produced nearly 600 cartoon and live-action shorts. He is chiefly remembered for producing a string of Mr. Magoo and Gerald McBoing-Boing cartoons in the 1950s, three of which earned Academy Awards. He is the only film producer in history who received all the Oscar nominations in one category (1956), guaranteeing him the winning Oscar. Magoo's Puddle Jumper was the eventual winner.
Oscar H. Gandy Jr.
Oscar H. Gandy Jr., retired since 2006, is a scholar of the political economy of information who was the Herbert Schiller Professor of Communication studies at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania. His work spans many subjects, including privacy, race, information technology, media framing, media development, and educational subsidy.

Herbert Schiller
Herbert Irving Schiller (November 5, 1919 – January 29, 2000) was an American media critic, sociologist, military economist and author. He is known for having established the University of California, San Diego communications programme in 1970 and for having inspired the unsuccessful New World Information and Communication Order project at UNESCO during the later 1970s.
2023 Challenger de Tigre II – Doubles
Guido Andreozzi and Ignacio Carou were the defending champions but lost in the semifinals to Chung Yun-seong and Christian Langmo.

Daniel Dutra da Silva and Oleg Prihodko won the title after defeating Chung and Langmo 6–2, 6–2 in the final.

Chung Yun-seong
Chung Yun-seong (Korean: 정윤성; born 27 March 1998) is a South Korean tennis player.

Chung has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 233 achieved on 22 July 2019 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 129 achieved on 22 May 2023. Chung has won three doubles ATP Challenger titles as well as four ITF singles and five doubles titles.

On the junior tour, Chung had a career-high combined ranking of 3 achieved on 21 March 2016. Chung was a semifinalist at the 2016 Australian Open boys' singles event and the 2015 US Open boys' singles event where he fell to both eventual champions Oliver Anderson and Taylor Fritz, respectively. Chung was also a singles finalist at the Osaka Mayor's Cup in 2014.

He and Orlando Luz lost to Yishai Oliel of Israel and Patrik Rikl of the Czech Republic in the final of the 2016 French Open boys' doubles, 6–3, 6–4.
Jiwchar Ganor
Jiwchar Ganor (Hebrew: יבחר גנאור) is a professor in the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and currently serves as Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences.

Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant.

The liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the supernate or supernatant.
United States Public Service Academy
The United States Public Service Academy  (S. 960 and H.R. 1671) is a proposed institution of higher education. The Academy would be a federally subsidized four-year college modeled on the United States military service academies devoted to public service.
It was envisioned in 2006 and introduced into congress in 2007 and again in the next congress but did not pass.

United States service academies
The United States service academies, also known as United States military academies, are federal academies for the undergraduate education and training of commissioned officers for the United States Armed Forces.

There are five U.S. service academies:

The United States Military Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York, founded in 1802

The United States Naval Academy (USNA) adjacent to Annapolis, Maryland, founded in 1845

The United States Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) in New London, Connecticut, founded in 1876

The United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) in Kings Point, New York, founded in 1943

The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) near Colorado Springs, Colorado, founded in 1954
Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin
Henri-Jean Guillaume "Henri" Martin (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi ʒɑ̃ ɡijom maʁtɛ̃]; 5 August 1860 – 12 November 1943) was a French painter. Elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1917, he has been described as a prolific master whose work has touches of melancholy, dreaminess and mystery.

Martin is known for his early 1920s work on the walls of the Salle de l'Assemblée générale, where the members of the Conseil d'État meet in the Palais-Royal in Paris. Other notable institutions that have featured his Post-Impressionist paintings in their halls through public procurement include the Élysée Palace, Sorbonne, Hôtel de Ville de Paris, Palais de Justice de Paris and Capitole de Toulouse. The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux and Musée des Augustins also have sizeable public collections.

Conseil d'État
In France, the Conseil d'État ([kɔ̃sɛj deta]; Council of State) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme administrative court (one of the two branches of the French judiciary system).  Established in 1799 by Napoleon as a successor to the King's Council (Conseil du Roi), it is located in the Palais-Royal in Paris and is primarily made up of top-level legal officers. The Vice President of the Council of State ranks as the ninth most important civil servant in France.

Members of the Council of State are part of a Grand Corps of the French State (Grand corps de l'État). The Council of State mainly recruits from among the top-ranking students graduating from the École nationale d'administration.
Upper Cox Brook Covered Bridge
The Upper Cox Brook Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that crosses Cox Brook on Cox Brook Road in Northfield, Vermont.  It is one of five surviving 19th-century covered bridges in the town, and one of three on the same road.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Northfield, Vermont
Northfield is a town in Washington County, Vermont, United States. The town lies in a valley within the Green Mountains and has been home to Norwich University since 1866. It contains the village of Northfield, where over half of the population lives. The town's total population was 5,918 at the 2020 census.
JCMsuite
JCMsuite is a finite element analysis software package for the simulation and analysis of electromagnetic waves, elasticity and heat conduction. It also allows a mutual coupling between its optical, heat conduction and continuum mechanics solvers. The software is mainly applied for the analysis and optimization of nanooptical and microoptical systems. 
Its applications in research and development projects include
dimensional metrology systems,
photolithographic systems,
photonic crystal fibers,
VCSELs,
Quantum-Dot emitters,
light trapping in solar cells, 
and
plasmonic systems.
The design tasks can be embedded into the high-level scripting languages MATLAB and Python, enabling a scripting of design setups in order to define parameter dependent problems or to run parameter scans.

Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light. It is a  branch of optics, optical engineering, electrical engineering, and nanotechnology. It often involves dielectric structures such as nanoantennas, or metallic components, which can transport and focus light via surface plasmon polaritons.

The term "nano-optics", just like the term "optics", usually refers to situations involving ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light (free-space wavelengths from 300 to 1200 nanometers).
Madot Mabokela
Kgetho Malesela Emmanuel 'Madot' Mabokela (born (1996-07-15)15 July 1996) is a South African rugby union player for the Bulls in Super Rugby, the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup and the Blue Bulls XV in the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is prop.

He made his Currie Cup debut for the Blue Bulls in August 2019, coming on as a replacement in their match against the Golden Lions in Round Five of the 2019 season.

Rugby Challenge (South Africa)
The Rugby Challenge – known as the SuperSport Rugby Challenge for sponsorship reasons – was the secondary domestic rugby union competition in South Africa from 2017 to 2019. The competition was organised by the South African Rugby Union and featured all fourteen South African provincial unions plus Namibian side the Welwitschias and the Zimbabwe Academy. The inaugural season of the competition was in 2017, and was intended as the long-term successor of the Vodacom Cup competition.

The competition was played at roughly the same time as Super Rugby each season, and featured a combination of Super Rugby players returning from injury, reserve players attempting to maintain their fitness levels and younger players trying to break through to the Super Rugby or Currie Cup sides. It therefore served as an important developmental competition for South African rugby.
Majikat
Majikat is a CD and DVD live album by British singer-songwriter Cat Stevens. It was recorded during the US leg of Stevens' Earth Tour 1976, but was not released until 2004, by which time the artist was known as Yusuf Islam.

Peace Train
"Peace Train" is a 1971 song by Cat Stevens, taken from his album Teaser and the Firecat. The song climbed to No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart during the week of November 6, 1971, becoming Stevens' first US Top 10 hit. The song also spent three weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart. It is also featured on The Very Best of Cat Stevens compilation album. He re-recorded the song for the charity War Child in 2003.

Record World called it a "beautiful follow-up to 'Moonshadow' and 'Wild World' [sic]" and praised the "delightful production."

In the album version, the instrumental ending features a string section which drops out leaving the solo acoustic guitar playing of Cat Stevens, before the song's fade.
Wettenhausen Abbey
Wettenhausen Abbey (German: Kloster Wettenhausen, Reichsabtei Wettenhausen) was an Imperial Abbey of Augustinian Canons until its secularization in 1802–1803. Being one of the 40-odd self-ruling Imperial Abbeys of the Holy Roman Empire, Wettenhaussen Abbey was a virtually independent state. Its abbot had seat and voice in the Imperial Diet, where he sat on the Bench of the Prelates of Swabia. At the time of secularization, the Abbey's territory covered 56 square kilometers and it had about 5,400 subjects.

It is now a Dominican convent. The abbey is in Wettenhausen in the municipality of Kammeltal in Bavaria.

Princely abbeys and imperial abbeys of the Holy Roman Empire
Princely abbeys (German: Fürstabtei, Fürststift) and Imperial abbeys (German: Reichsabtei, Reichskloster, Reichsstift, Reichsgotthaus) were religious establishments within the Holy Roman Empire which enjoyed the status of imperial immediacy (Reichsunmittelbarkeit) and therefore were answerable directly to the Emperor. The possession of imperial immediacy came with a unique form of territorial authority known as Landeshoheit, which carried with it nearly all the attributes of sovereignty.
Jayakwadi Dam
Jayakwadi Dam is an earthen dam located on Godavari river at the site of Jayakwadi village in Paithan taluka of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India. It is a multipurpose project.  The water is mainly used to irrigate agricultural land in the drought-prone Marathwada region of the state. It also provides water for drinking and industrial usage to nearby towns and villages and to the municipalities and industrial areas of Sambhajinagar and Jalna districts. The surrounding area of the dam has a garden and a bird sanctuary.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
THG Fluently
THG Fluently, formerly Language Connect, is a translation and language localisation service provided by THG Ingenuity. It provides a range of language services, including translation, interpreting, localisation, voice-overs, transcription, and multilingual search engine optimization.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
Battle of Siddim
The Battle of the Vale of Siddim, also often called the War of Nine Kings or the Slaughter of Chedorlaomer, is an event reported in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Genesis, which occurred in the days of Abram and Lot. The Vale of Siddim was the battleground for the cities of the Jordan River plain revolting against Mesopotamian rule.

Whether this event occurred in history has been disputed by scholars. According to Ronald Hendel, "The current consensus is that there is little or no historical memory of pre-Israelite events in Genesis."  Regardless, it is the first occasion the Bible records following Noah's Flood where man's blood is spilled by his fellow man.

Stephanie Dalley
Stephanie Mary Dalley FSA (née Page; March 1943) is a British Assyriologist and scholar of the Ancient Near East. Prior to her retirement, she was a teaching Fellow at the Oriental Institute, Oxford. She is known for her publications of cuneiform texts and her investigation into the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and her proposal that it was situated in Nineveh, and constructed during Sennacherib's rule.