hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilhelm von Gutmann
Wilhelm Isak Wolf Ritter von Gutmann (18 August 1826 – 17 May 1895) was an Austrian entrepreneur. He founded and led the largest coal company in Austria-Hungary, was nobilitated in 1878 and was President of the Vienna Israelite Community from 1891 to 1892.

Jewish Community of Vienna
The Jewish Community of Vienna (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien or IKG) is the body that represents Vienna's Orthodox Jewish community. Today, the IKG has around 10,000 members. Throughout history, it has represented almost all of Austria's Jews, whose numbers are sufficient to form communities in only a few other cities in Austria.
United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
U.S. Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies, often referred to colloquially as the CJS Subcommittee is one of twelve subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations.  It was formerly known as the Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judiciary during the 108th Congress (2003–2005), but responsibility for the State Department and the federal Judiciary are now handled by separate subcommittees. 
The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States House Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Commerce, the United States Department of Justice, and Science policy of the United States.

United States House Committee on Appropriations
The United States House Committee on Appropriations is a committee of the United States House of Representatives that is responsible for passing appropriation bills along with its Senate counterpart. The bills passed by the Appropriations Committee regulate expenditures of money by the government of the United States. As such, it is one of the most powerful committees, and its members are seen as influential.
Fech fech
Fech fech (Arabic: فش فش)  is a very fine powder caused by the erosion of clay-limestone terrain and it is most commonly found in deserts. It consists of a surface horizon of pulverized soil with low particle cohesion protected under a thin crust. Fech fech is derived from ancient lake muds or on certain argillaceous rocks and is one of the desert surfaces that produces dust. It is not determinable from the surface and can therefore pose a significant transportation hazard acting as a surprise "trap" as the ground collapses beneath a vehicle, miring it in a quicksand-like substance.

Fech-fech is classified into two types:

Fech-fech that developed during the Holocene, in lake mud or fluvio-lacustrine sediments.

Fech-fech that developed from shale.

Fech fech is common in the Qattara Depression in Egypt, making that portion of the Sahara Desert impassable by most vehicles.

Clay mineral
Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces.

Clay minerals form in the presence of water and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis involve them. They are important constituents of soils, and have been useful to humans since ancient times in agriculture and manufacturing.
Nouirate
Nouirate is a small town and rural commune in Sidi Kacem Province of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 22,639 people living in 3707 households.

Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra (Arabic: الرباط-سلا-القنيطرة, romanized: ar-ribāṭ salā al-qunayṭira) is one of twelve administrative regions of Morocco. It is situated in north-western Morocco and has a population of 5,132,639 (2024 census). The capital is Rabat.
Christopher A. Fuchs
Christopher Alan Fuchs (born in Cuero, Texas) is an American theoretical physicist whose work focuses on quantum information theory and the foundations of quantum mechanics. He is a professor of physics at the University of Massachusetts Boston. Fuchs is known for technical work in quantum information theory and for co-developing QBism, an interpretation of quantum mechanics that radically departs from conventional approaches. In QBism, individual agents' actions and experiences are the central concerns of the theory, not what the universe is doing without the agent.

Fuchs's current work includes research into symmetric informationally complete measurements (SIC-POVMs), which QBism uses to represent quantum states as probability distributions in a framework where the Born rule appears as a modification of the classical law of total probability.

He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

Law of total probability
In probability theory, the law (or formula) of total probability is a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional probabilities. It expresses the total probability of an outcome which can be realized via several distinct events, hence the name.
Ptilotus dissitiflorus
Ptilotus dissitiflorus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to northern Australia.

In 1864, Ferdinand von Mueller described Trichinium dissitiflorum in his Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from specimens he collected "near drier places near the Gulf of Carpentaria", but in 1882 he transferred it to Ptilotus as P. dissitiflorus in his Systematic Census of Australian Plants. The specific epithet (dissitiflorus) means "with well-spaced flowers.

Ptilotus dissitiflorus is found in the Gulf Fall and Uplands, Ord Victoria Plain and Sturt Plateau bioregions of the Northern Territory, and in Queensland.

Gulf Fall and Uplands
The Gulf Fall and Uplands, an interim Australian bioregion, is located in the Northern Territory and Queensland, comprising 11,847,909 hectares (29,276,820 acres).

Described in IBRA5.1 as "undulating terrain with scattered low, steep hills on Proterozoic and Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks, often overlain by lateritised Tertiary material; skeletal soils and shallow sands; Darwin box (Eucalyptus tectifica) and variable-barked bloodwood (Corymbia erythrophloia) woodland to low open woodland with spinifex understorey."

The abbreviation for the bioregion is GFU.
Sofya Lansere
Sofya Yevgenyevna Lansere (Russian: Софья Евгеньевна Лансере, IPA: [ˈsofʲɪ̯ə ɫən⁽ʲ⁾sʲɪˈrɛ]; born 29 September 2000) is a Russian tennis player.
She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 200, achieved on 4 December 2023. On 14 August 2023, she peaked at No. 119 in the WTA doubles rankings.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
United States Interregional Soccer League
The United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) was a semi-professional men's outdoor soccer league that played six seasons from 1989 to 1994. It was the first outdoor league to be operated by the organization known today as the United Soccer League. Commencing play in 1989, it received Division 3 status from U.S. Soccer for its final season in 1994. It was split into the USISL Professional League and the amateur USISL Premier League in 1995. The Colorado Comets and Greensboro Dynamo were the most successful clubs in the league, winning two championships each.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Ophichthus hirritus
Ophichthus hirritus is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by John E. McCosker in 2010. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the Seychelles Islands, in the western Indian Ocean. It is known to dwell at a depth of 600 metres (2,000 ft). Males can reach a maximum total length of 52.8 centimetres (20.8 in), while females can reach a maximum TL of 53.4 centimetres (21.0 in).

The species epithet "hirritus" means "to snarl like a dog" in Latin, and refers to the eel's facial structure.

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
Sam Wyly
Samuel Evans Wyly (born October 4, 1934) is an American businessman. He first appeared on Forbes's list of richest Americans in 2000 with a net worth of $750 million, and he remained on that list throughout 2010 with a net worth of $1 billion. His initial wealth was acquired following the public offering of University Computing Company.

Wyly's recent wealth stems from ownership stakes from Sterling Software and Michael's, an American art supply store.  In 2010 following a series of investigations, Wyly was charged with federal tax fraud by the SEC and IRS. Following his settlement with federal authorities, he declared bankruptcy in 2014.

Offshore trust
An offshore trust is a conventional trust that is formed under the laws of an offshore jurisdiction.

Generally, offshore trusts are similar in nature and effect to their onshore counterparts; they involve a settlor transferring (or 'settling') assets (the 'trust property') on the trustees to manage for the benefit of a person, class or persons (the 'beneficiaries') or, occasionally, an abstract purpose. However, a number of offshore jurisdictions have modified their laws to make their jurisdictions more attractive to settlors forming offshore structures as trusts. Liechtenstein, a civil jurisdiction which is sometimes considered to be offshore, has artificially imported the trust concept from common law jurisdictions by statute.
Canton of Manosque-1
The canton of Manosque-1 (before March 2015: Manosque-Sud-Ouest) is an administrative division in southeastern France. It consists of the western part of the commune of Manosque and its western suburbs. It includes the following communes:

Manosque (partly)

Montfuron

Pierrevert

Pierrevert
Pierrevert (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁvɛʁ]; Occitan: Peiravèrd) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

It is at the centre of the Pierrevert wine appellation, that makes red, white and rosé. It includes some of the highest altitude vineyards in Provence. The area includes 800 hectares of vines, of which 450 are AOP, and 350 belong to the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence IGP. There are 7 producers (6 private estates and one co-operative).
Amanda Fahy
Amanda Fahy (born 20 April 1985) is a British actress who played Shannon Parks in the CBBC television series Grange Hill from 2001 to  2004.

She appeared in The Bill as Nikki McGrath in 2004 and a year later appeared in the Channel 4 drama Ahead of the Class.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
Henry Langley (cricketer)
Henry Fitzroy James Langley (8 December 1846 – 20 November 1884) was an English cricketer who played two first-class cricket matches during the 1866 Canterbury Cricket Week. In the first of the two matches, he appeared for I Zingari, a wandering amateur cricket club, playing as a specialist batsman, albeit low in the batting order. He scored four runs in the match, although he was not out without scoring in the second innings. In his following match, he batted as number eleven for the Marylebone Cricket Club, and made a duck in the first innings, before once again remaining not out without scoring in the second innings. He continued to play for I Zingari on a number of occasions between 1866 and 1878. He made his highest score for the club in an 1871 match against Huntingdonshire, when he remained 27 not out. He served in Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service. He died in Buenos Aires, Argentina on 20 November 1884.

I Zingari
I Zingari (from dialectalized Italian i zingari, meaning "the Gypsies"; corresponding to standard Italian gli zingari) are English and Australian amateur cricket clubs, founded in 1845 and 1888 respectively. It is the oldest and perhaps the most famous of the 'wandering' cricket clubs (without a home ground), and is well known for its historically aristocratic membership and its colours of black, red and gold, symbolising the motto "Out of darkness, through fire, into light".
Orfeo toolbox
In computer science, Orfeo Toolbox (OTB) is a software library for processing images from Earth observation satellites.

OTB was initiated by the French space agency (CNES) in 2006. The software is released under a free licence; a number of contributors outside CNES are taking part in development and integrating into other projects.

The library was originally targeted at high resolution images acquired by the Orfeo constellation: Pléiades and Cosmo-Skymed, but it also handles other sensors.

Satellite constellation
A satellite constellation is a group of artificial satellites working together as a system. Unlike a single satellite, a constellation can provide permanent global or near-global coverage, such that at any time everywhere on Earth at least one satellite is visible. Satellites are typically placed in sets of complementary orbital planes and connect to globally distributed ground stations. They may also use inter-satellite communication.
Niš Football Subassociation
The Niš Football Subassociation, known as NLP, (Serbo-Croato-Slovenian: Niški loptački podsavez / Нишки лоптачки подсавез - НЛП) was one of the regional football governing bodies under the tutorial of the Football Association of Yugoslavia.  It was formed on 8 March 1931 having been part of the Belgrade Football Subassociation until then.

It included the clubs from the municipalities of Niš, Kruševac, Zaječar, Negotin, Bor, Knjaževac, and Leskovac which was part of the Skoplje Football Subassociation.  The Subassociation counts 35 clubs in 1937, and 52 in 1940.

The presidents of the Niš Football Subassociation were Bogoljub Petrović (1931 - 1933), Vasa Bukva (1933 - 1934), Agor Agorić (1934 - 1936), Vlada Zamfirović (1936 - 1940) and Đura Spasić (1940 - 1941).

Bor, Serbia
Bor (Serbian Cyrillic: Бор; Romanian: Bor) is a city and the administrative center of the Bor District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area has a population of 40,845 inhabitants.

Bor has one of the largest copper mines in Europe. It has been a mining center since 1904, when a French company began operations there. With 810 residential buildings, it presents the highest ration of urban area to number of citizens in the country, and is one of top-five cities in Serbia by number of buildings.
Rosedale (Middletown, Delaware)
Rosedale is a historic home located near Middletown, New Castle County, Delaware.  It was built about 1801, and consists of a two-story, brick rectangular main block with a two-story rear ell. Also attached is a three-bay, one-story wing constructed of a wood siding and two wings added to the rear (south) between 1960 and 1965. It has a center hall plan.  It has a slate-covered gable roof, interior end chimneys, and a front entrance with fanlight.  Also on the property are a contributing hay barn, barn, and mash furnace.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Fanlight
A fanlight is a form of lunette window (transom window), often semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to a transom. The bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner of a sunburst. It is also called a sunburst light. In federation housing it is also called a toplight or top light.
Birmingham Press Club
Birmingham Press Club is a press club based in the English city of Birmingham. Established in 1865, just six years after Concordia Press Club in Vienna, became the second oldest organisation of its type in the world. The club hosts a number of prestigious events, including the annual Midlands Media Awards. Members include print journalists from newspapers and magazines, as well as those from radio and television from around the Midlands, while several prominent figures have been inducted as honorary members, including journalists Ludovic Kennedy and Michael Parkinson, as well as Earl Spencer, the brother of Diana, Princess of Wales, and former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

In April 2012 local broadcaster Ed James was named as the new Chairman of Birmingham Press Club. He succeeded John Lamb, the press and PR manager for Birmingham Chamber of Commerce who had held the position since 2005.

Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer
Charles Edward Maurice Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer (born 20 May 1964), styled Viscount Althorp between 1975 and 1992, is a British peer, author, journalist, and broadcaster. He is the younger brother of Diana, Princess of Wales, and the maternal uncle of William, Prince of Wales, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex.
David Borger
David Lawrence Borger (born 7 September 1969) is an Australian former politician. He represented the seat of Granville for the Labor Party in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 2007 until 2011. Borger was Minister for Roads, Housing and Minister for Western Sydney in the Rees and Keneally Labor Governments. Borger was appointed the inaugural Western Sydney Director of the Sydney Business Chamber in September 2012. The position has since evolved to become executive director of Business Western Sydney and, as of 2024, Borger continues to hold the role.

Business Sydney
Business Sydney is an advocacy group for businesses in Sydney. It is a division of Business NSW, the peak body for business in NSW.

Business Sydney's primary role is advocating, influencing and delivering policies and outcomes to drive economic growth. The organisation aims to advance Sydney as a global, competitive and liveable city.

Business Sydney is headed by its Executive Director, Paul Nicolaou. Nicolaou took up his current post as Executive Director in 2021. In 2025, The Daily Telegraph named Paul Nicolaou the 88th most powerful person in Sydney.
Central Scottish
Central Scottish Omnibuses Ltd was a bus operating subsidiary of the Scottish Transport Group formed in June 1985 from Central SMT, and operated until July 1989 when it was merged with Kelvin Scottish to form Kelvin Central Buses.

Motherwell
Motherwell (Scots: Mitherwall, Scottish Gaelic: Tobar na Màthar) is a town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, around 12 miles (19 km) south east of Glasgow. It has a population of around 32,120. Historically in the parish of Dalziel and part of Lanarkshire, Motherwell is the headquarters for North Lanarkshire Council. Geographically the River Clyde separates Motherwell from Hamilton to the west whereas the South Calder Water separates Motherwell from Carfin to the north-east and New Stevenston and Bellshill towards the north.

Motherwell is also geographically attached to Wishaw and the two towns form a large urban area in North Lanarkshire, with both towns having similar populations and strong community ties.
Aeronautical Development Establishment
Aeronautical Development Establishment is a laboratory of India's Defence Research and Development Organisation. Located in Bangalore, its primary function is research and development in the field of military aviation.

Recent successful projects include Lakshya (an aerial target), Nishant (a reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle), Ghatak, Nirbhay (a subsonic cruise missile), flight simulators (for LCA, Ajit, Kiran, and Mig-21) and avionics packages for Tejas-LCA (display and FCC). It earlier worked on Sparrow (mini-uav) and Ulka (aerial target).

Shri Y Dilip, Outstanding Scientist is Director of Aeronautical Development Establishment since 1 January 2022.

DO-178C
DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification is the primary document by which the certification authorities such as FAA, EASA and Transport Canada approve all commercial software-based aerospace systems. The document is published by RTCA, Incorporated, in a joint effort with EUROCAE and replaces DO-178B. The new document is called DO-178C/ED-12C and was completed in November 2011 and approved by the RTCA in December 2011. It became available for sale and use in January 2012.

Except for FAR 33/JAR E, the Federal Aviation Regulations do not directly reference software airworthiness. On 21 Jul 2017, the FAA approved AC 20-115D, designating DO-178C a recognized "acceptable means, but not the only means, for showing compliance with the applicable FAR airworthiness regulations for the software aspects of airborne systems and equipment certification."
The Dream Merchant Vol. 2
The Dream Merchant Vol. 2 is the second compilation album from producer 9th Wonder, formerly of Little Brother. It was released on October 9, 2007 through Sixhole Records. The album has guest appearances by his former group, Little Brother, his fellow Justus League members, Sean Price, Big Dho, L.E.G.A.C.Y., Chaundon, Skyzoo, Keisha Shontelle, Big Treal, The A.L.L.I.E.S., Jozeemo, Tyler Woods, Joe Scudda, Buckshot, Sean Boog, D.O.X., O-Dash, Buddy Klein & Median, also outside performers (including some who 9th worked with) including Torae, Mos Def, Memphis Bleek, Jean Grae, Royce Da 5'9, Vandalyzm, Naledge (½ of Kidz in the Hall), Saigon, Camp Lo, Ness, Strange Fruit Project & Natural Born Spittas. The album also marks the debut of then-unknown MC, Rapsody.

Camp Lo
Camp Lo is an American hip hop duo, formed in 1995, which hails from The Bronx, New York. The duo consists of rappers Sonny Cheeba (Salahadeen Wilds) and Geechi Suede (Saladine Wallace). The duo is perhaps best known for their 1997 hit "Luchini AKA This Is It".