hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Noël Carroll
Noel Carroll (born December 25, 1947, in Far Rockaway, New York City) is an American philosopher and a leading figure in the contemporary philosophy of art. In 2016 in Leiter Reports: A Philosophy Blog, he was ranked sixth in a list of the Best Anglophone Philosophers of Art post-1945.

He also works in the philosophies of particular artforms, including literature, painting, theater, dance and, most notably, cinema and television where he is a prominent proponent of cognitive theories of the moving image. In addition, he has contributed to the theory of media, the philosophy of history, and the philosophy of the emotions. Carroll has worked as a journalist, and has written five documentaries. Since 2007, he has held the position of distinguished professor in the philosophy program at the CUNY Graduate Center.

Hofstra University
Hofstra University is a private research university in Hempstead, New York, United States. It originated in 1935 as an extension of New York University and became an independent college in 1939. Comprising ten schools, including the Zucker School of Medicine and the Maurice A. Deane School of Law, Hofstra has hosted a series of prominent presidential conferences and several United States presidential debates.
Live and Let Live (10cc album)
Live and Let Live is 10cc's first live album, released in the autumn of 1977. It was recorded at the Hammersmith Odeon in London between 18 and 20 June 1977 and the Manchester Apollo, Manchester between 16 and 17 July 1977.

The Wall Street Shuffle
"The Wall Street Shuffle" is a single by the British pop/rock band 10cc, released in 1974 on the UK Records label, from the band's 1974 album Sheet Music. It was the most successful single to be released from the album, reaching No. 10 on the UK chart.

The song features a classic rock riff and lyrics that deal with Wall Street and the economy. It features several topical cultural references.

Record World said that this "economic dance lesson [is] sure to break the clever British band top 40."
ISS year-long mission
The ISS year-long mission , also called the One-Year Mission, was an 11-month-long scientific research project aboard the International Space Station, which studied the health effects of long-term spaceflight.

As part of the mission, the NASA Twins Study was conducted. Astronaut Scott Kelly was selected for the mission with his identical twin, Mark Kelly, who stayed on Earth as a control. Scott spent 340 days in space for the experiment. The result demonstrated several long-lasting changes, including those related to alterations in DNA and cognition.

Control variable
A control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation. Control variables could strongly influence experimental results were they not held constant during the experiment in order to test the relative relationship of the dependent variable (DV) and independent variable (IV). The control variables themselves are not of primary interest to the experimenter.

"Good controls", also known as “confounders” or “deconfounders”, are variables which are theorized to be unaffected by the treatment and which are intended to eliminate omitted-variable bias. "Bad controls", on the other hand, are variables that could be affected by the treatment, might contribute to collider bias, and lead to erroneous results.
Calvarrasa de Abajo
Calvarrasa de Abajo is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 1,143 people. The municipality covers an area of 28 km2 (11 sq mi).

It lies 785 metres (2,575 ft) above sea level and the postal code is 37181.

Province of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish pronunciation: [salaˈmaŋka]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km2 and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Clotrimazole/betamethasone dipropionate
Clotrimazole/betamethasone dipropionate, sold under the brand name Lotrisone among others, is a topical medication used for the treatment of fungal infections of the feet, groin, and body in people 17 years of age and older. It is a combination of clotrimazole and betamethasone dipropionate. It is applied to the skin.

Common side effects include paresthesia, rash, edema, and secondary infections.

In 2023, it was the 241st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.<

Paresthesia
Paresthesia is a sensation of the skin that may feel like numbness (hypoesthesia), tingling, pricking, chilling, or burning. It can be temporary or chronic and has many possible underlying causes. Paresthesia is usually painless and can occur anywhere on the body, but does most commonly in the arms and legs.

The most familiar kind of paresthesia is the sensation known as pins and needles after having a limb "fall asleep" (obdormition). This is typically achieved by not moving the limb for a long period of time. Hitting the ulnar nerve (the "funny bone", actually a nerve) also induces paresthesias. A less common kind is formication, the sensation of insects crawling on or under the skin.
Sayyid Abdurrahman
Sayyid Abdurrahman (Lak: Жамалуттиннул арс АьблурахIман Гъази-Гъумучиял, Arabic: السيد عبد الرحمن ، ابن جمال الدين الحسيني الغازيجوموكي الداغستاني) was the son-in-law of Imam Shamil, a participant in the Caucasian War and the author of the chronicles of Dagestan in the 19th century during the time of the Caucasian Imamate.

Vedeno
42°57′25″N 46°06′37″E﻿ / ﻿42.95694°N 46.11028°E﻿ / 42.95694; 46.11028

Vedeno (Russian: Ведено́; Chechen: Ведана, Vedana) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Vedensky District, Chechnya.
Faranak Miraftab
Faranak Miraftab is an Iranian-American urban scholar and is currently a professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
She is known for her works on urban planning and development. She is a winner of Davidoff Book Award and American Sociological Association's Global & Transnational Sociology section Book Award and a finalist in C. Wright Mills Book Award for her book Global Heartland: Displaced Labor, Transnational Lives and Local Placemaking.

American Sociological Association
The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology. Founded in December 1905 as the American Sociological Society at Johns Hopkins University by a group of fifty people, the first president of the association was Lester Frank Ward. Today, most of its members work in academia, while around 20 percent of them work in government, business, or non-profit organizations.

ASA publishes ten academic journals and magazines, along with four section journals, including the American Sociological Review and Contexts.

The ASA had 9,893 members in 2023, as an association of sociologists even larger than the International Sociological Association. It is composed of researchers, students, college/university faculty, high school faculty, and various practitioners The "American Sociological Association Annual Meeting" is an annual academic conference held by the association consisting of over 4,000 participants.
1999 World Horticultural Exposition
The 1999 World Horticultural Exposition (Chinese: 昆明世博会) was an A1 category international horticultural exposition recognised by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE). Organised under the auspices of the International Association of Horticultural Producers, the event was held in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The theme of the exposition was "Man and Nature, marching into the 21st century."

The event took place in the World Horti-Expo Garden. It lasted from April 30 to October 31, 1999, and attracted 9.5 million visitors.

Bureau International des Expositions
The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE; English: International Exhibitions Bureau) is an intergovernmental organization created to supervise international exhibitions (also known as expos, global expos or world expos) falling under the jurisdiction of the Convention Relating to International Exhibitions.
De Lesseps Lake
De Lesseps Lake is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The lake is part of the James Bay drainage basin.

The major inflow, at the southwest, and outflow, at the north, is the De Lesseps River, which flows to Miniss Lake and then via the Miniss River, Lake St. Joseph and the Albany River to James Bay.

De Lesseps Lake Airport is located on the eastern shore of the lake.

Albany River
The Albany River (Cree: ᑭᐢᑕᒍ·ᐊᐣ ᓯᐱ kistachowan sipi) is a river in Northern Ontario, Canada, which flows northeast from Lake St. Joseph in Northwestern Ontario and empties into James Bay. It is 982 kilometres (610 mi) long to the head of the Cat River (a tributary of Lake St. Joseph), tying it with the Severn River for the title of longest river entirely in Ontario. Major tributaries include the Kenogami River and Ogoki River.
Kayden Francis
Kayden Francis (born 17 February 2003) is a South African professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for South African Premier Division side Cape Town City. Born in Port Elizabeth, he joined the city's local top-flight side in 2019 where he became the club's youngest-ever player upon making his debut in November the following year.

South African Premiership
The South African Premiership, also known as the Betway Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and commonly referred to as the PSL after its governing body, is a professional soccer league in South Africa and the highest level of the South African soccer league system. It has been organised since 1996.

The 2024–25 season started on 14 September 2024, Mamelodi Sundowns successfully defended the title in 2025 which they've held continuously since the 2017–18 season.
Marni (brand)
Marni Group S.r.l., commonly known as Marni, is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1994 by Consuelo Castiglioni in Milan, Italy. Marni was acquired by Italian fashion group OTB in 2015. Since 2025, Meryll Rogge has been the brand's creative director.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.
Oscar Fritz Schuh
Oscar Fritz Schuh (15 January 1904 – 22 October 1984) was a German-Austrian opera director, theatre director and opera manager. He is known for directing Mozart operas at the Vienna State Opera and the Salzburg Festival in productions that toured internationally. They focused on the psychology of the characters.

Salzburg Festival
The Salzburg Festival (German: Salzburger Festspiele) is a prominent festival of music and drama established in 1920. It is held each summer, for five weeks starting in late July, in Salzburg, Austria, the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart's operas are a focus of the festival; one highlight is the annual performance of Hofmannsthal's play Jedermann (Everyman).

Since 1967, an annual Salzburg Easter Festival has also been held, organized by a separate organization.
Marcílio Dias, Porto Alegre
Marcílio Dias is a neighbourhood (bairro) in the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. It was created by Law 2022 from December 7, 1959, but had its limits modified by Law 6218 from October 17, 1988, which originated the Farrapos and Humaitá neighbourhoods.

It was named after Marcílio Dias (1838-1865), a sailor man and war hero during the Paraguayan War.

Territorially, Marcílio Dias is a narrow and long strip on the bank of Guaíba Lake, being bounded by the Centro Histórico (Historic Centre) and the Farrapos, Navegantes, São Geraldo and Floresta neighbourhoods.

The Port of Porto Alegre is located here, as well as the Guaíba Bridge and the Secretaria de Segurança Pública (Public Security Bureau).

In 2000, there were 598 people living in Marcílio Dias.

26°08′S 50°23′W﻿ / ﻿26.133°S 50.383°W﻿ / -26.133; -50.383

Guaíba (water body)
Guaíba (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡwaˈibɐ]) is a major water body in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. It is commonly referred to either as a "river" (Portuguese: Rio Guaíba) or as a "lake" (Lago Guaíba). The Jacuí River, the Sinos River, the Gravataí River and the Caí River empty into Guaíba from the north, which in its turn empties into the Lagoa dos Patos, the largest lagoon in South America further down south. The body of water covers 496 square kilometres (192 sq mi) in total.

Both Porto Alegre, the capital and most populous city of Rio Grande do Sul, and Viamão lie on its eastern shore. The cities of Guaíba, Eldorado do Sul and Barra do Ribeiro lie opposite to Porto Alegre, on the western shore. Guaíba is navigable, and is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through Lagoa dos Patos and its outlet channel, located further south, near the city of Rio Grande. A major flood occurred in 2024.
Daniel Green (politician)
Daniel Green (born May 29, 1955) is a Canadian politician, environmentalist and scientific communicator. Since 2000, he has been a consultant for Sierra Club of Canada, Société pour vaincre la pollution (SVP), Coalition Eau Secours, the Rivers Foundation, Nature Québec and Parks Canada.

In 2014, Elizabeth May appointed him deputy leader of the Green Party of Canada. He served as deputy leader alongside Jo-Ann Roberts until November 2019, when Roberts became the interim leader of the party.

Rivers Foundation (Canada)
The Rivers Foundation (Canada) (French: Fondation Rivières) is a Quebec-based environmental organization created on November 26, 2002, "to preserve the rivers threatened by electric dam projects, pollution, privatisation and various economic interests." The Rivers Foundation purposes to raise public awareness on this subject in order for Quebecers to manage their rivers and protect these water reservoirs.

Its administrative office is located in Montreal, Quebec. One of its founders and its co-president is actor Roy Dupuis.
Not a Photograph: The Mission of Burma Story
Not a Photograph: The Mission of Burma Story is a 2006 documentary about the band Mission of Burma and their 2002 "Inexplicable" tour, which saw the band reunite after a 19-year hiatus. The film premiered at the Independent Film Festival Boston on April 22, 2006.

The documentary features interviews with Sonic Youth’s Thurston Moore and Lee Ranaldo, Moby (who covered the song "That's When I Reach for My Revolver" for his album Animal Rights) Minutemen's Mike Watt, and Cheap Trick's Robin Zander. Rehearsal and concert footage of their 2002 tour are included in the film.

Animal Rights (album)
Animal Rights is the fourth album by the American musician Moby, released on September 23, 1996. The album was a temporary style shift from the electronica music that Moby had previously released to an alternative rock sound influenced by the hardcore punk music that he had enjoyed as a teenager. The album was released to mediocre critical reviews and commercial performance.
Mylord Carthago
Mylord Carthago (Mylord Carthago*HN until 2014) is a gray Selle Français stallion and show jumping champion. Descended from Almé Z and sired by the Holsteiner stallion Carthago Z, his potential was recognized early on. At the age of seven, he was entrusted to French rider Pénélope Leprevost, who trained him. The pair went on to win European and World show jumping runner-up titles in 2010 and 2012. Mylord was also one of France's last national stallions and the threat of his sale from France in 2014 led to negative reactions from the show jumping public and political figures. Diagnosed with cervical osteoarthritis, Mylord was retired from jumping in 2014 to be a full-time breeding stallion.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Hochstein (Eifel)
The Hochstein (also called the Kalberg or Kahler Berg and, formerly, the Forstberg) is a volcanic cone, 563 m above sea level (NHN), in the Eifel near Obermendig in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate and county of Mayen-Koblenz.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Poway High School
Poway High School is a four-year high school in Poway, California, United States. Established in 1961, its approximately 2,101 students are from Poway and the community of Rancho Bernardo. It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

Western Association of Schools and Colleges
The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC (/wɒsk/ WOSK)) provided accreditation of public and private universities, colleges, secondary and elementary schools in California and Hawaii, the territories of Guam, American Samoa and Northern Marianas Islands, in addition to the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, the Pacific Rim, Peru, Czech Republic, Armenia, and East Asia.

Until 2012, WASC was a single organization with three units. In 2012, it separated into three organizations that share the WASC acronym:

The Accrediting Commission for Schools (ACS WASC)

The Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC)

The Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC)
Logan County
Logan County is the name of ten current counties and one former county in the United States:

Logan County, Arkansas

Logan County, Colorado

Logan County, Idaho (1889–1895)

Logan County, Illinois

Logan County, Kansas

Logan County, Kentucky

Logan County, Nebraska

Logan County, North Dakota

Logan County, Ohio

Logan County, Oklahoma

Logan County, West Virginia

Logan County, West Virginia
Logan County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,567. Its county seat is Logan.  Logan County comprises the Logan, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV–OH–KY Combined Statistical Area.
Ludwigomyces
Ludwigomyces is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ludwigomyces parasiticus.

The genus name of Ludwigomyces is in honour of Alfred Ludwig (1879-1964), who was a German botanist (Mycology), teacher (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) in Forbach (city in Lothringen).

The genus was circumscribed by Wilhelm Kirschstein in Ann. Mycol. vol.37 on page 139 in 1939.

Wilhelm Kirschstein
Wilhelm Kirschstein (2 October 1863 - 1946 in Groß Behnitz bei Nauen) was a German schoolteacher and mycologist.

During his career, he taught classes in Rathenow and Berlin-Pankow. As a taxonomist, he described the mycological families Niessliaceae and Mytilinidiaceae as well as naming numerous fungi genera and species.

The mycological genera Kirschsteinia Syd., 1906 Kirschsteiniella Petr., 1923 and Kirschsteiniothelia D.Hawksw. (1985) are all named in his honor.
West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics
The West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, or WCCFL (pronounced /ˈwɪkfəl/) is an annual linguistics conference, usually held in the spring, at a university in western North America. Research presented there can focus on any aspect of natural language analysis, including, but not limited to, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and discourse structure. Along with NELS, it is one of two major U.S. regional conferences that focus on general linguistics, with an emphasis, in recent years, on syntactic topics.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Château de la Bonnetière
The Château de la Bonnetière is a former castle and now a château situated in the commune of La Chaussée in the Vienne department of France. Its dovecote dates from the 14th century and could accommodate around 1,300 pigeons.

Dovecote
A dovecote or dovecot /ˈdʌvkɒt/, doocot (Scots) or columbarium is a structure intended to house pigeons or doves. Dovecotes may be free-standing structures in a variety of shapes, or built into the end of a house or barn. They generally contain pigeonholes for the birds to nest. Pigeons and doves were an important food source historically in the Middle East and Europe and were kept for their eggs and dung.
Cross-country skiing at the 1968 Winter Olympics – Men's 15 kilometre
The men's 15 kilometre cross-country skiing competition at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France, was held on Saturday 10 February at Autrans.

Each skier started at half a minute intervals, skiing the entire 15 kilometre course. Gjermund Eggen of Norway was the 1966 World champion and Eero Mäntyranta of Finland was the defending Olympic champion from the 1964 Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria.

Autrans
Autrans (French pronunciation: [otʁɑ̃]) is a former commune in the Isère department in the Rhône-Alpes region of south-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors.

At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, it hosted the biathlon, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and the ski jumping normal hill events.

The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.