hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Music of Ossetia
Ossetia is a region located on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The folk music of Ossetia (Ossetian: Ирыстоны музыкæ/Irystony musykæ) began to be collected and recorded in the late 19th and early 20th century.  After the Revolution of 1917, professional music appeared in Ossetia and in the following decades, a number of symphonies, ballets, operas and other institutions were formed.  There is an Ossetian State Philharmonic.  The first Ossetian opera was Kosta, by Christopher Pliev.

Greater Caucasus
The Greater Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains. It stretches for about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea: from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian.
Eukiefferiella brevicalcar
Eukiefferiella brevicalcar is a species of  non-biting midge in the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

It was first described as Dactylocladius brevicalcar in 1911 by Jean-Jacques Kieffer. Numerous synonyms are given in the Catalogue of Life record for this midge, but the sources for these synonymisations are not given.

This midge is found on all continents of the northern hemisphere (and in Korea).

Jean-Jacques Kieffer
Jean-Jacques Kieffer (1857 in Guinkirchen – 1925 in Bitche) was a French naturalist and entomologist who specialised in the study of parasitic insects. Educated as a priest, Kieffer taught natural science in Bitche, Lorraine while working on the description and classification of insects. His work and publications later became a predominant source of description  and classification for entomologists in the early 20th century, in particular with regard to parasitoid wasps, midges, and mosquitos.

He collaborated with the English entomologist Peter Cameron.

Kieffer received an honorary Doctor honoris causa degree from the University of Strasbourg in 1904.
Iringó Réti
Iringó Réti (born 1977 in Târgu Mureș, Romania) is a Romanian-Hungarian actress. She is most noted for her performance in Sophy Romvari's 2025 award-winning Canadian film Blue Heron, for which she received a Vancouver Film Critics Circle nomination for Best Female Actor in a Canadian Film at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2025.

Târgu Mureș
Târgu Mureș (/ˌtɜːrɡuː ˈmʊərɛʃ, ˌtɪər-/, Romanian: [ˈtɨrɡu ˈmureʃ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Marosvásárhely [ˈmɒroʃvaːʃaːrhɛj] ⓘ; German: Neumarkt am Mieresch also known as simply Neumarkt) is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 inhabitants as of the 2021 census. It lies on the Mureș River, the second-longest river in Romania (after the Danube).
Mey, Highland
Mey  is a remote village, located on the north coast of Scotland in Caithness, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Mey lies 6 miles (10 kilometres) west of John o' Groats and 1⁄2 mi (800 m) southeast of the Loch of Mey. The Castle of Mey lies 1 mi (1.6 km) northeast overlooking Mey Bay.  There is also a hotel run in the former coaching inn.

Loch of Mey
Loch of Mey is a loch near the north coast of Caithness, Scotland, and one of the most northern water features of mainland Britain. It lies just to the south of Skarfskerry, and southwest of Harrow. Described as a "shallow ephemeral loch fringed by fen", due to its importance in facilitating wintering populations of whooper swan and greylag goose from Greenland and Iceland, it has formed part of the Caithness Lochs Ramsar Site since February 1998. Ornithologists of the Scottish Ornithologists Club have established a footpath and memorial hide dedicated to James MacIntyre, which was renovated in August 2005. The Burn of Horsegrow flows into the loch on its southeastern side.
Ballynacross, Maghera civil parish
Ballynacross is a townland in the civil parish of Maghera, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies in the south of the parish on the north boundary of the civil parish of Termoneeny, and is bounded by the townlands of Cabragh, Carricknakielt, Derganagh, Gulladuff, and Slaghtybogy. It was apportioned to the Vintners company.

In 1926, the townland was part of Gulladuff district electoral division as part of Magherafelt Rural District. As part of Maghera civil parish, Ballynacross also lies within the historic barony of Loughinsholin.

Magherafelt
Magherafelt (/ˌmæhərəˈfɛlt, ˌmækə-/ MA-hə-rə-FELT, MAK-ə-; from Irish Machaire Fíolta, meaning 'plain of Fíolta', pronounced [ˈmˠaxəɾʲə ˈfʲiːl̪ˠt̪ˠə]) is a town and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 9,071 at the 2021 census. It is the biggest town in the south of the county and is the social, economic and political hub of the area. It is part of Mid-Ulster District.
Maria Cristina Fumagalli
Maria Cristina Fumagalli is a British-based literary scholar whose work focuses on the literatures, cultures, and visual arts of the Caribbean and its diasporas. Her research adopts an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, with an emphasis on visual culture and transnational perspectives. She is a professor in the Department of Literature, Film, and Theatre Studies at the University of Essex and a Fellow of the British Academy.

Visual culture
Visual culture is the aspect of culture expressed in visual images. Many academic fields study this subject, including cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, media studies, Deaf Studies, and anthropology.

The field of visual culture studies in the United States corresponds or parallels the Bildwissenschaft ("image studies") in Germany. Both fields are not entirely new, as they can be considered reformulations of issues of photography and film theory that had been raised from the 1920s and 1930s by authors like Béla Balázs, László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin.
Steve Grossman (saxophonist)
Steven Mark Grossman (January 18, 1951 – August 13, 2020) was an American jazz fusion and hard bop saxophonist.

Grossman was Wayne Shorter's replacement in Miles Davis's jazz-fusion band. He played with Chick Corea on the album "The Sun" in 1970, then, from 1971 to 1973, he was in Elvin Jones's band.

In the late 1970s, he was part of the Stone Alliance trio with percussionist Don Alias and bassist Gene Perla. The group released four albums during this period, including one featuring Brazilian trumpeter Márcio Montarroyos. The albums also feature an array of other musicians. They went on to release three live reunion albums during the 2000s.

Márcio Montarroyos
Márcio Montarroyos (8 July 1948 – 12 December 2007) was a Brazilian jazz trumpet player.

Starting his studies with classical piano, he later went to trumpet and jazz. In the 1970s, he traveled to the US to study at the Berklee School of Music. In 1988, Swiss television invited Montarroyos to produce two one-hour concerts together with German guitar player Sigi Schwab, bassist Marc Egan, percussionist Freddie Santiago and drummer Guillermo Marchena. In 1992, German TV network ZDF invited him, together with Sigi Schwab, to play a live concert. In the same year both artists played at the Munich Studio 2000+2 .

He played with artists including Stevie Wonder, Sérgio Mendes, Sarah Vaughan, Hermeto Pascoal, Nancy Wilson, Egberto Gismonti, Carlos Santana, Milton Nascimento, Ella Fitzgerald, Tom Jobim and Ney Matogrosso.

Montarroyos died on 12 December 2007 of lung cancer.
The Valley: Persian Style
The Valley: Persian Style is an American reality television series that premiered on January 8, 2026, on Bravo. Developed as a spin-off of both Shahs of Sunset and The Valley, the series follows a group of Persian friends who have opted for suburban life in the San Fernando Valley after living in Beverly Hills.

Bravo (American TV network)
Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Media Group division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. Since the 2000s, it has focused heavily on reality series targeted at 25-54 year-old women and the LGBTQ community at large. Its former sister channels are Nickelodeon and IFC, which are currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation and AMC Networks, respectively. As of November 2023, Bravo is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2013 peak of 95 million households.
Sengann mac Dela
Sengann (modern spelling: Seangann), son of Dela, of the Fir Bolg, was a legendary High King of Ireland, succeeding his brothers Gann and Genann. His wife was Anust.

When the Fir Bolg invaded Ireland the five sons of Dela divided the island amongst themselves. Sengann landed with Gann at Inber Dubglaise and the pair divided Munster between them, Sengann taking the south and Gann the north of the province.

After death of Gann and Genann of plague, Sengann ruled Ireland for five years, before he was killed by Fiacha Cennfinnán, his brother Rudraige's grandson.

Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.
2019 U.S. Open Cup qualification
The 2019 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup tournament proper will feature teams from all five tiers of the men's American soccer pyramid.

Qualification for the 2019 tournament includes local qualifying matches contested by 94 amateur teams scheduled to take place in 2018.  One team also qualified by winning the 2018 National Amateur Cup, and other clubs playing in national leagues that are not fully professional qualify based on their results in 2018 league play. Clubs playing in fully professional leagues may enter the tournament proper and bypass the qualification process.

Amateur sports
Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training. In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job. The majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.

Sporting amateurism was a zealously guarded ideal in the 19th century, especially among the upper classes, but faced steady erosion throughout the 20th century with the continuing growth of pro sports and monetisation of amateur and collegiate sports, and is now strictly held as an ideal by fewer and fewer organisations governing sports, even as they maintain the word "amateur" in their titles.
Bauxite and Northern Railway
The Bauxite & Northern Railway (reporting mark BXN) is a Class III railroad operating in the United States state of Arkansas.  BXN operates over 3 miles (4.8 km) of track in Bauxite, Arkansas.  Traffic consists of largely of alumina, and the railroad hauls 4,059 carloads per year.  In 2005, the railroad was purchased by holding company RailAmerica. In December 2012, Genesee & Wyoming acquired the railroad in its acquisition of RailAmerica. As of 2023, Bauxite & Northern Railway interchanges with Union Pacific in Bauxite, Arkansas and can hold up to 286,000 pounds of supplies.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Olfactory foramina
The olfactory foramina, also known as the cribriform foramina (cribr- is "a sieve" in Greek), is the grouping of holes located on the cribriform plate. The cribriform plate forms the roof of the nasal cavity, and the olfactory foramina are in the two depressions lateral to the median blade of the cribriform plate called the crista galli. There is a pair of olfactory bulbs of the brain that rest in these two depressions. These holes that make up the olfactory foramina allow passage for about 20 bundles of nerve fibers that make up the olfactory nerve, also known as Cranial Nerve I (CNI), from the nasal cavity to meet with the olfactory bulbs. Therefore, the olfactory foramina are necessary for the human sense of smell. These foramina vary in size and number with age.

Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste.

In humans, it occurs when an odor binds to a receptor within the nasal cavity, transmitting a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input will start to interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.

There are many different things which can interfere with a normal sense of smell, including damage to the nose or smell receptors, anosmia, upper respiratory infections, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
Nikil Dutt
Nikil Dutt is a Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at University of California, Irvine, United States. Professor Dutt's research interests are in embedded systems, electronic design automation, computer architecture, optimizing compilers, system specification techniques, distributed systems, and formal methods.

Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.
Byeong Chun Lee
Byeong Chun Lee (Korean: 이병천; born January 5, 1965), also spelled Lee Byeong-chun, is the veterinary professor at Seoul National University responsible for the ₩300 million KRW (about US$240,000) "Toppy" dog cloning program in 2007. Yi is a former aide to Hwang Woo-suk, a pioneer in the field with the "Snuppy" clone, who fell from grace after his stem cell research turned out to have been fabricated. Yi has been described as "one of the world's best-known dog cloning experts."

Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: 서울대학교; lit. 'Seoul University') is a public research university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946 by the merger of ten institutions in the Seoul area, it is one of the SKY universities and a part of the Flagship Korean National Universities.

The university's main campus is located in Gwanak, and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 16,000 undergraduate and 16,000 graduate students.
Ivanhoe Lake
Ivanhoe Lake is a 25-kilometre (16 mi) long, narrow lake in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Ivanhoe River in the James Bay drainage basin and is located 8 kilometres (5 mi) southwest of Foleyet on Ontario Highway 101. The lake is substantially encompassed by Ivanhoe Lake Provincial Park, except for some private cottages at the northeast end of the lake. The lake is known as Pishkanogami in the Anishinaabe language, and was once the site of Pishkanogami Post, a Hudson's Bay Company trading post. It was renamed Ivanhoe Lake in 1960.

Unorganized North Sudbury District
Unorganized North Sudbury District is an unorganized area in the Canadian province of Ontario, comprising all portions of the Sudbury District which are not organized into incorporated municipalities. Despite its name, there is no longer an accompanying "South Part", as that subdivision has been dissolved in 1999 and incorporated into municipalities, and Statistics Canada has not renamed the North Part.

The subdivision consists of three non-contiguous areas, totalling 35,377.17 square kilometres (13,659.20 sq mi), or about 92% of the district. It had a population of 2,902 in the 2021 Canadian census.
Luís M. A. Bettencourt
Luís M. A. Bettencourt is a physicist, urban and complex systems researcher, author and academic. He is a Professor of Ecology and Evolution and the College at the University of Chicago as well as an Associate Faculty of the Department of Sociology and External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute.

Bettencourt's research focuses on the theory and modeling of complex systems, particularly the structure and growth of cities, integrating interdisciplinary concepts, mathematical modeling, and new technologies to foster sustainable development. He has published journal articles and a book entitled Introduction to Urban Science: Evidence and Theory of Cities as Complex Systems.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Electric Lake
Electric Lake is a large reservoir on Huntington Creek high on the east slope of the Wasatch Plateau in Utah. The reservoir was created in 1974 by the construction of an earth-fill dam. The shoreline is primarily owned by Utah Power and Light (UP&L) and the Huntington-Cleveland Irrigation Company. Access is limited but the northern end of the reservoir is adjacent to the national forest and access is unrestricted at that point.

Wasatch Range
The Wasatch Range (/ˈwɑːsætʃ/ WAH-satch) or Wasatch Mountains is a mountain range in the western United States that runs about 160 miles (260 km) from the Utah–Idaho border south to central Utah. It is the western edge of the greater Rocky Mountains, and the eastern edge of the Great Basin region. The northern extension of the Wasatch Range, the Bear River Mountains, extends just into Idaho, constituting all of the Wasatch Range in that state.

In the language of the native Ute people, wasatch means "mountain pass" or "low pass over high range." According to William Bright, the mountains were named for a Shoshoni leader who was named with the Shoshoni term wasattsi, meaning "blue heron". In 1926, Cecil Alter quoted Henry Gannett from 1902, who said that the word meant "land of many waters," then posited, "the word is a common one among the Shoshones, and is given to a berry basket" carried by women.
Újlipótváros
Újlipótváros ("New Leopold Town") is a neighborhood in the 13th district of Budapest, Hungary. It is located north to Lipótváros ("Leopold Town") neighbourhood of the 5th District, with the Szent István Boulevard (Szent István körút) separating it from its southern neighbor, Lipótváros. It lies east of the river Danube, west of Terézváros, and south of Vizafogó. Unlike most other neighborhoods in the 13th district, Újlipótváros is considered part of the Budapest city center.

Grand Boulevard (Budapest)
Nagykörút, also Grand Boulevard or Great Boulevard (also called "Big Ring Road", "Grand Ring Road", "Great Ring Road"), is one of the most central and busiest parts of Budapest, a major thoroughfare built by 1896, Hungary's Millennium. It forms a semicircle connecting two bridges of the Danube, Margaret Bridge on the north and Petőfi Bridge on the south. Usually the part inside and around this semicircle is counted as the city centre of Budapest (see Belváros).
White River Junction station
White River Junction station is a passenger train station in White River Junction, Vermont, served by Amtrak's Vermonter. It is also used by the Green Mountain Railroad for passenger excursion trains to Thetford and the Montshire Museum of Science in Norwich, Vermont. Originally, it was built in 1937 as a union station that served the Boston and Maine Railroad and Central Vermont Railway. On display adjacent to the station is a sheltered display of Boston and Maine Railroad #494, a historic steam locomotive. The station's historic building is a contributing property in the White River Junction Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Dartmouth College is five miles to the north in Hanover, New Hampshire.

In earlier decades more trains stopped in the station. The Boston & Maine's Ambassador Boston–Montreal train stopped there, as did the Connecticut Yankee in its years as a longer distance international train from New York City to Quebec City.

Thetford, Vermont
Thetford is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States in the Connecticut River Valley. The population was 2,775 at the 2020 census. Villages within the town include East Thetford, North Thetford, Thetford Hill, Thetford Center, Rices Mills, Union Village, and Post Mills. The town office is in Thetford Center.

Thetford is home to Thetford Academy, Vermont's oldest secondary school. Girl Scouts of the Green and White Mountains, formerly Swift Water Girl Scout Council, also has a summer residential camp here called Camp Farnsworth. Camp Farnsworth originally started under private ownership by Chelebe and Madama Farnsworth in 1909 when it was called Camp Hanoum.