hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Praveen Sethupathy
Praveen Sethupathy is an American geneticist, science author and journalist. He is a professor of physiological genomics and Chair of the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the Cornell University. He currently serves as one of the board directors at The BioLogos Foundation where he holds discussions on the relationship between science and religion.

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
Rocklin Unified School District
The Rocklin Unified School District is a California education district serving the Rocklin area.  It consists of twelve elementary schools, two middle schools, two high schools, and the Rocklin Alternative Education Center.

Rocklin Elementary is the oldest school in the district, although its location has changed a few times. Parker Whitney is the oldest school in the district that has maintained same location.  The newest school is Quarry Trail Elementary school in the Whitney Ranch area, which opened for students in August 2022.

Western Sierra Collegiate Academy
Western Sierra Collegiate Academy is a public charter school serving grades 7–12 in Rocklin, California a northeastern suburb located near Sacramento, California. It is part of the Rocklin Academy Family of Schools, which also includes two elementary schools and one TK-8 school located in Rocklin.
Ernest L. Ahrons
Ernest Leopold Ahrons (12 February 1866 – 30 March 1926) was a British engineer and author.  He is most noted for his magnum opus, The British Steam Railway Locomotive 1825–1925, published posthumously in book form, and for a series originally published in The Railway Magazine "Locomotive and train working in the latter part of the nineteenth century".

Masterpiece
A masterpiece, magnum opus (Latin for 'great work'), or chef-d'œuvre (French for 'master of work'; pl. chefs-d'œuvre; French: [ʃɛ.d‿œvʁ]) is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding creativity, skill, profundity, or workmanship.

Historically, a "masterpiece" was a work of a very high standard produced by an apprentice to obtain full membership, as a "master", of a craft guild or academy in various areas of the visual arts and crafts.
Mohammed Rageh
Mohammed Rageh (born 1 January 1998) is a Yemeni middle-distance runner who competes in the 1500 metres. He represented his country at the 2016 Summer Olympics, competing in the heats only.

As a young athlete, he won a steeplechase bronze at the 2013 Asian Youth Games and participated in the junior race at the 2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.

Steeplechase (athletics)
A steeplechase is an obstacle race in athletics which derives its name from the steeplechase in horse racing. The foremost version of the event is the 3000 metres steeplechase. The 2000 metres steeplechase is the next most common distance. In youth athletics, a distance of 1000 metres is occasionally used for steeplechase races.
Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus
Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus (1894 - April 21, 1951) was a Java-born, Dutch university teacher, entomologist, lepidopterist and botanical collector. In 1921-1922 he participated in the Royal Dutch Geographical and Treub Society expedition to the western  Maluku Islands. He gained his doctoral degree in 1930 at the University of Amsterdam and then returned to the island of Java. He mainly worked in Indonesia, then known as the Dutch East Indies, and specialised in the families Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae. In 1934 he collected in Sumatra. In 1938-1939 he participated in the Third Archbold Expedition to Dutch New Guinea. He died in Bandung, Java in 1951.

Lepidopterology
Lepidopterology (from Ancient Greek  λεπίδος (lepídos) 'scale'  πτερόν (pterón) 'wing' and  -λογία (-logia)) is a branch of entomology concerning the scientific study of moths and the two superfamilies of butterflies. Someone who studies in this field is a lepidopterist or, archaically, an aurelian.
Staton Correctional Facility
Staton Correctional Facility is an Alabama Department of Corrections state prison for men located in Elmore, Elmore County, Alabama.  The facility opened in June 1978 and was named for Thomas F. Staton, former chairman of the Board of Corrections for the state.  Staton, in a partnership with J. F. Ingram State Technical College, provides technical and vocational training for inmates in a variety of disciplines. In November of 2023, Daniel Williams was brutally tied up and tortured for days without the guards stepping in. Warden of the prison lied to the family about the cause being a drug overdose.

Elmore is the site of three Alabama state prisons:  Staton, Draper Correctional Facility which is immediately adjacent, and the Elmore Correctional Facility about a mile to the east.

J. F. Ingram State Technical College
J. F. Ingram State Technical College (ISTC) is a community college in Deatsville, Alabama.  As of the Fall 2010 semester, ISTC has an enrollment of 543 students, all of whom are incarcerated adults.   The college was founded in 1965 and was named for John Fred Ingram, director of Alabama's vocational education program from 1957 until 1969.
2025 Uzbekistan Super League
The 2025 Uzbekistan Super League (in Uzbek: Футбол бўйича 2025–йилги Ўзбекистон Суперлигаси; known as the Artel Uzbekistan Super League for sponsorship reasons) was the 34rd season of top-level football in Uzbekistan since its establishment in 1992.

Nasaf successfully defended their title from the 2024 campaign.

FC Nasaf
Football Club Nasaf (Uzbek: "Nasaf" futbol klubi), commonly referred to as Nasaf Qarshi, is a professional football club based in Qarshi (Qashqadaryo Region), Uzbekistan. Founded in 1986, the club competes in the Uzbekistan Super League.
William Thatcher
William Sutherland Thatcher, M.C. (Liverpool, 10 December 1888 – Cambridge, 12 December 1966) was Censor of Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge from 1924 to 1954.

Thatcher was educated at Farnworth Grammar School, Liverpool College and Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge. On graduation he went as a lecturer in economics to the University of Allahabad. During World War I he served as an officer with the 10th Baluch Regiment. In 1918 he returned to Cambridge as a Lecturer in Geography.

10th Baluch Regiment
The 10th Baluch or Baluch Regiment  was a regiment of the British Indian Army from 1922 to 1947. After independence, it was transferred to the Pakistan Army. In 1956, it was amalgamated with the 8th Punjab and Bahawalpur Regiments. During more than a hundred years of military service, the 10th Baluch Regiment acquired a distinguished record amongst the regiments of the British Indian Army. Its list of honours and awards includes four Victoria Crosses.
Stockings (surname)
Stockings is the surname of:

Craig Stockings (born 1974), Australian historian

David Stockings (1944–2013), English cricketer

Henry Stockings (1916–2015), English Second World War Royal Air Force officer and prisoner of war involved in the "Great Escape"

David Stockings
David Charles Stockings (22 July 1944 – 31 July 2013) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Norfolk. He was born in Cambridge.

Stockings, who made three appearances in the Minor Counties Championship for the team during the 1967 season, made his sole List A appearance in the 1968 Gillette Cup, against Cheshire. He scored three runs, and took one catch.
Fluoromethylidyne
Fluoromethylidyne is not a stable chemical species but a metastable radical containing one highly reactive carbon atom bound to one fluorine atom with the formula CF. The carbon atom has a lone-pair and a single unpaired (radical) electron in the ground state.

Ground-state fluoromethylidyne radicals can be produced by the ultraviolet photodissociation of dibromodifluoromethane at 248 nanometer wavelength.

It readily and irreversibly dimerises to difluoroacetylene, also known as difluoroethyne, perfluoroacetylene, or di- or perfluoroethylyne. Under certain conditions it can hexamerise to hexafluorobenzene.

Hexafluorobenzene
Hexafluorobenzene, HFB or perfluorobenzene is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula C6F6. In this derivative of benzene, all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. The technical uses of the compound are limited, although it has some specialized uses in the laboratory owing to distinctive spectroscopic properties.
2018 4 Hours of Monza
The 2018 4 Hours of Monza was an endurance motor race that took place at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza near Monza, Italy between 11 and 13 May 2018, and served as the second round of the 2018 European Le Mans Series.

The overall race victory was taken by the LMP2-class Oreca 07 of G-Drive Racing, with Andrea Pizzitola, Roman Rusinov and Jean-Éric Vergne winning one week after the same driver line-up took LMP2 class victory in the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps.

Roman Rusinov
Roman Aleksandrovich Rusinov (Russian: Рома́н Алекса́ндрович Ру́синов, IPA: [rɐˈman ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈrusʲɪnəv], born 21 October 1981 in Moscow) is a Russian auto racing driver who competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship with G-Drive Racing from the Championship's first season in 2012 until 2021 and the European Le Mans Series from 2018 until 2021. He has four titles in international endurance championships.

Rusinov is the first Russian driver to win an international race in Europe.
Alex Fiva
Alex Fiva (born 29 January 1986) is a Swiss freestyle skier who specializes in the ski cross discipline. He represented Switzerland in the 2022 and 2026 editions of the Winter Olympics, winning silver and bronze, respectively.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Grifo di Tancredi
Grifo di Tancredi (active 1271–1312) was an Italian painter who was likely born in Florence. Little biographical history is known for this painter, and one existing work, a triptych at the National Gallery of Scotland, has been attributed to him on the basis of inscriptions. He was active in Volterra by 1271, and later moved to Florence. He was previously cited as the Master of San Gaggio.

In 1271, Grifo rented a workshop in Volterra together with Filippo di Jacopo. He appears to have worked on painting the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia in 1281. By 1295, he had moved to Florence, and enrolled in the painters’ guild sometime between 1297 and 1312. In 1303 he executed a now-lost painting in the Palazzo Vecchio, commemorating a political event of the day. Grifo is considered a follower of Giotto.

Triptych
A triptych (/ˈtrɪptɪk/ TRIP-tik) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works. The middle panel is typically the largest and flanked by two smaller related works, although there are triptychs of equal-sized panels. The form can also be used for pendant jewelry.

Beyond its usual meaning in the visual arts, the term is sometimes used as a title or descriptive term in other arts media such as music or the performing arts for works with three parts.
Taarbæk Church
Taarbæk Church (Danish: Taarbæk Kirke), formerly known as Skovkapellet, is a Church of Denmark parish church in Taarbæk, Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality, some 15 km north of central Copenhagen, Denmark. The church and adjacent cemetery are bordered by Jægersborg Dyrehave to the north and west and by the Coast Line to the east. The church was inaugurated in 1864 but Taarbæk Paris was not disjoined from that of Lyngby until 1907.

Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality
Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality (occasionally spelled Lyngby-Tårbæk, Danish: Lyngby-Taarbæk Kommune) is a municipality (Danish: kommune) in the Capital Region of Denmark near Copenhagen on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand (Danish: Sjælland). It is part of the Greater Copenhagen area. The municipality borders Rudersdal Municipality to the north, Furesø Municipality to the west and Gladsaxe and Gentofte Municipality to the south. It borders the Øresund to the east.

The municipality covers an area of 39 km2, and has a population of 58,713 (2025). Its mayor is Sofia Osmani, a member of the Conservative People's Party. The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Kongens Lyngby.

Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality was not merged with any other municipality in the municipal reform of 2007.
Bicurgium
Bicurgium  (Βικούργιον)  is a German town mentioned in Ptolemy's Geography (2, 11, 14) in the year 150. The place, which, according to Ptolemy lies in the interior of Germania, has not yet been positively identified. For example  Bickenriede near Mühlhausen on the Unstrut or the Celtic fortress of Steinsburg near Römhild has been suggested as the site of Bicurgium. An interdisciplinary research team led by Andreas Kleineberg, which re-examined the information provided by Ptolemy, located the place through mathematical calculations in the area of today's Jena in Thuringia.

Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Ancient Greek: Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις, Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, lit. "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire. Originally written by Claudius Ptolemy in Greek at Alexandria around 150 AD, the work was a revision of a now-lost atlas by Marinus of Tyre using additional Roman and Persian gazetteers and new principles.

Its translation into Arabic by al-Khwarismi in the 9th century was highly influential on the geographical knowledge and cartographic traditions of the Islamic world. Alongside the works of Islamic scholars—and the commentary containing revised and more accurate data by Alfraganus—Ptolemy's work was subsequently highly influential on Medieval and Renaissance Europe.
Lynch Maydon
Lieutenant-Commander Stephen Lynch Conway Maydon DSO DSC (15 December 1913 – 2 March 1971) was a British Navy officer and Conservative politician. He served in the Royal Navy and was later the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wells in Somerset from 1951 to 1970, during which he briefly served as a government minister.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Mesophleps oxycedrella
Mesophleps oxycedrella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Spain, Portugal, southern France, Italy and on Sicily the Canary Islands.

The wingspan is 6.5–14 mm. Adults emerge in early July.

The larvae feed on the fruit of Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus phoeniceus and Juniperus macrocarpus.

Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus, vernacularly called Cade, cade juniper, prickly juniper, prickly cedar, or sharp cedar, is a species of juniper, native across the Mediterranean region, growing on a variety of rocky sites from sea level. The specific epithet oxycedrus means "sharp cedar" and this species may have been the original cedar or cedrus of the ancient Greeks.
Grade II* listed buildings in Lincolnshire
The county of Lincolnshire is divided into nine districts. The districts of Lincolnshire are Lincoln, North Kesteven, South Kesteven, South Holland, Boston, East Lindsey, West Lindsey, North Lincolnshire, and North East Lincolnshire.

As there are 583 Grade II* listed buildings in the county they have been split into separate lists for each district.

Grade II* listed buildings in Lincoln

Grade II* listed buildings in North Kesteven

Grade II* listed buildings in South Kesteven

Grade II* listed buildings in South Holland

Grade II* listed buildings in Boston (borough)

Grade II* listed buildings in East Lindsey

Grade II* listed buildings in West Lindsey

Grade II* listed buildings in North Lincolnshire

Grade II* listed buildings in North East Lincolnshire

West Lindsey
West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Gainsborough, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Caistor and Market Rasen, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The east of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Lindsey, North Kesteven, Lincoln, Newark and Sherwood and Bassetlaw.
Agyen Kokobo
Agyen Kokobo (fl. c. 1480 – c. 1500) was a southern Akan migrant leader in what is now Ghana. He is believed to have been the earliest leader and founder of the Akwamu kingdom, which he led from around 1480 to around 1500, possibly later. While serving as the Akwamu Chief, Agyen Kokobo ruled the state with his mother as the queen mother. Even today, rulers of the Akwamu kingdom still claim to be descendants of Agyen Kokobo; in the 1960s, one man claimed to be his 28th descendant.

Queen mother of Africa
Queen mother (also Queenmother) is a term used to describe certain female traditional rulers in African cultures. Though there is no general description of a "queen mother", as their roles have varied by society, political context, and culture, they generally play an important role in local government and "wield social power and influence."

They are thus an important part of social, political, and cultural institutions across the African continent: the Akan, for example, recognize them as important local political actors and often trace inheritance through them in a matrilineal fashion; whereas in Uganda, the term may be used to describe women who ruled outright. The amount of power queen mothers currently hold has been diminished since pre-colonial times, though the 21st century has seen their influence grow in certain contexts. Many are members of the African Queens and Women Cultural Leaders Network, a voluntary organization.
Heawood number
In mathematics, the Heawood number of a surface is an upper bound for the number of colors that suffice to color any graph embedded in the surface.

In 1890 Heawood proved for all surfaces except the sphere that no more than

colors are needed to color any graph embedded in a surface of Euler characteristic , or genus  for an orientable surface. 
The number  became known as the Heawood number in 1976.

Franklin proved that the chromatic number of a graph embedded in the Klein bottle can be as large as , but never exceeds .  Later it was proved in the works of Gerhard Ringel, J. W. T. Youngs, and other contributors that the complete graph with  vertices can be embedded in the surface  unless  is the Klein bottle. This established that Heawood's bound could not be improved.

For example, the complete graph on  vertices can be embedded in the torus as follows:

The case of the sphere is the four-color conjecture, which was settled by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken in 1976.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Guido (bishop of Turin)
Guido of Turin (died 1046) was an Italian bishop. He was bishop of Turin from 1037 until his death in 1046.

According to a forged diploma, Emperor Conrad II supposedly awarded the bishopric of Maurienne to the bishop of Turin during the first year of Guido's episcopate.

Guido had a special care for the monastery of Santa Maria in Cavour, which his predecessor, Bishop Landulf of Turin, had founded. In 1041 Guido confirmed Landulf's donations to Cavour, and also intervened to ensure that Adelaide of Turin ceded property to the monastery. Then, in 1044, Guido donated the church of San Secondo, located near the Dora Riparia river, to Abbot Alberic of Cavour.

Adelaide of Susa
Adelaide of Susa (also Adelheid, Adelais, or Adeline; c. 1014/1020 – 19 December 1091) was the countess of part of the March of Ivrea and the Marchioness of Turin in Northwestern Italy from 1034 to her death. She was the last of the Arduinici. She is sometimes compared to her second cousin and close contemporary, Matilda of Tuscany.
2007 Star Mazda Championship
The 2007 Star Mazda Championship was the ninth season of the Star Mazda Championship, an open wheel auto racing series that competes using spec chassis and engines. The season featured 12 races over 12 weekends, with only road courses and street circuits featuring on the schedule. The overall season champion was Dane Cameron, while Dan Tomlin, III and Steve Hickham won the Expert and Masters classes respectively.

Cameron finished on the podium in eight of the twelve races and finished well ahead of second-place finisher, Australian James Davison who won once at Mosport. Canadian Lorenzo Mandarino won twice and finished eights in points as he finished outside the top-ten seven times. Canadian Marco Di Leo won the season opener at Sebring International Raceway but it would be his only win of the season. His brother Daniel finished second in that race. Ron White won back-to-back races in the rounds at Road America
and Circuit Trois-Rivières and finished third in points.

Road America
Road America is a motorsport road course near Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin on Wisconsin Highway 67. It has hosted races since the 1950s and currently hosts races in the IndyCar Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, Sports Car Club of America GT World Challenge America and Trans-Am Series and the MotoAmerica Superbike Championship.