hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg
Leo Dietrich Franz Reichsfreiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg (2 March 1886 – 27 January 1974) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II, noted for his pioneering stance and expertise in the field of armoured warfare.
He commanded the 5th Panzer Army (formalised as Panzer Group West) during the Invasion of Normandy, and later served as  Inspector General of Armoured Troops. After the war he was involved in the development of the newly built German Army (Bundeswehr).

Inspector general
An inspector general is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is "inspectors general".

In some countries, inspector general is also a formal rank or title in civil, police, or military services, where it refers to a senior officer rather than an investigative position. The duties and authority of the role vary by country and organization.
Interaction Design Institute Ivrea
Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (also known as Interaction Ivrea or IDII) was a private educational institution offering a two-year graduate program in the field of Interaction Design, operating in the town of Ivrea in Northern Italy between 2001 and 2006.

The institute was based in the former Olivetti Study and Research Centre, sometimes referred to as Casa Blu, designed by Eduardo Vittorio in 1955 and restored by Sottsass Associati.

TIM Group
TIM S.p.A. (formerly Telecom Italia S.p.A.) is an Italian telecommunications company with headquarters in Rome, Milan, and Naples (with the Telecom Italia Tower), which provides fixed, public and mobile telephony, and DSL data services.

It is the largest Italian telecommunications services provider in revenues and subscribers. It was founded in 1994 by the merger of several state-owned telecommunications companies, the most prominent of which was SIP, the former state monopoly telephone operator in Italy.

The company's stock is traded in the Borsa Italiana. The Italian State has exercised the "Golden Power" on TIM since 2017, which allows the government to take a number of actions when the strategic interests of the country are concerned.

It has also a subsidiary in Brazil, known as TIM Brasil, with 72.6 million customers. The brand covers over 114 million customers worldwide.

As April 2024, Net sales are distributed geographically as follows: Italy (72.9%) and Brazil (27.1%).
Mykola Kravchenko
Mykola Serhiyovych Kravchenko (Ukrainian: Микола Сергійович Кравченко; 20 May 1983 – 14 March 2022) was a Ukrainian public and political figure, historian, chief ideologue of the far-right Azov Battalion and one of the founders of the Ukrainian ultranationalist organization Patriot of Ukraine. He also served as the deputy leader of the far-right National Corps party.  As a historian he researched the history of modern Ukrainian nationalist movement from the late 1980s - present.

A veteran of the Russo-Ukrainian War, he was killed by Russian Armed Forces in the Battle of Kyiv on 14 March 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Ukrainian nationalism
Ukrainian nationalism (Ukrainian: Український націоналізм, romanized: Ukrainskyi natsionalizm, pronounced [ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɪj nɐts⁽ʲ⁾ionɐˈl⁽ʲ⁾izm]) is the promotion of the unity of Ukrainians as a people and the promotion of the identity of Ukraine as a nation state. The origins of modern Ukrainian nationalism emerge during the Cossack uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky in the mid-17th century. Ukrainian nationalism draws upon a single national identity of culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history.
Khushal Singh Singhpuria
Khushal Singh was the second chief of Singhpuria Misl from 1753 to 1795, extending its territory on both sides of the Sutlej River. His 'acquired' lands included Jalandhar, Nurpur, Bahrampur, Patti and Bharatgarh. Jalandhar doab and adjoining areas yielded an annual income of three lakh rupees.

Lakh
A lakh (/læk, lɑːk/; abbreviated L; sometimes written lac) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105).  In the Indian 2, 2, 3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India, 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000.

It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English.
Juno Ludovisi
The Juno Ludovisi (also called Hera Ludovisi) is a colossal Roman marble head of the 1st century CE from an acrolithic statue of an idealized and youthful Antonia Minor as the goddess Juno.  Added to the Ludovisi collection formed by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, it is now in the Palazzo Altemps, Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome.

Casts of it are in the Museum of Classical Archaeology, Cambridge, England; Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, USA; the Goethehaus in Weimar, Germany; George Mason University, Johnson Center, Fairfax, USA; the University of Helsinki, Department of Art History, Finland; and the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia.

Bryn Mawr College
Bryn Mawr College (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR, Welsh: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a private women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges, a group of historically women's colleges in the United States. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students. It was one of the first women's colleges in the United States to offer graduate education through a PhD.
Misuse of Drugs Act (Singapore)
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1973 is a statute of the Parliament of Singapore that enables authorities to prosecute offenders for crimes involving illegal drugs. The law is designed specifically to grant the Government of Singapore, through its agencies such as the Central Narcotics Bureau, enforcement powers to combat offences such as the trafficking, importation or exportation, possession, and consumption of controlled drugs.

Triazolam
Triazolam, sold under the brand name Halcion among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepine (BZD) derivatives. It possesses pharmacological properties similar to those of other benzodiazepines, but it is generally only used as a sedative to treat severe insomnia. In addition to the hypnotic properties, triazolam's amnesic, anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties are pronounced as well.

Triazolam was initially patented in 1970 and went on sale in the United States in 1982. In 2017, it was the 289th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.
Turner Carroll Gallery
Turner Carroll Gallery is a fine art gallery on Canyon Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico, established in 1991 and owned and operated by Michael Carroll and Tonya Turner Carroll. The couple's cumulative experience includes Sotheby's London, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Israel Museum, and art studies in Russia and Italy.

The gallery represents contemporary art from diverse areas of the world. To date, the gallery has featured exhibitions and artists from Romania, Ireland, France, Russia, Mexico, Korea, China, and Japa.

The gallery has featured artists who have works in the Whitney Museum of American Art, The Museum of Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Berkeley Art Museum, the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, the Russian State Museum, and the Dallas Museum of Art.

Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive
The Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAMPFA, formerly abbreviated as BAM/PFA) are a combined art museum, repertory movie theater, and film archive associated with the University of California, Berkeley. Jules Rodrigues Widholm is the current Executive Director since August 2020. She succeeds Lawrence Rinder who served from 2008 to 2020. The museum is a member of the North American Reciprocal Museums program.
John Fryatt
John James Fryatt (7 July 1927 – 7 January 2011) was an English actor and opera singer best known for his performance in comic character roles.

Fryatt began his career with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in 1952 in Gilbert and Sullivan roles, then Sadler's Wells Opera in 1959, becoming popular in tenor character roles in Offenbach operettas.  His international opera career continued from the 1960s to the 1990s, becoming known in the roles of Don Basilio in The Marriage of Figaro and Sellem in The Rake's Progress, among many others.  He also played a role in the West End as Roscoe in the 1987 production of Follies.

Geraint Evans
Sir Geraint Llewellyn Evans CBE (16 February 1922 – 19 September 1992) was a Welsh bass-baritone noted for operatic roles including Figaro in Le nozze di Figaro, Papageno in Die Zauberflöte, and the title role in Wozzeck. Evans was especially acclaimed for his performances in the title role of Verdi's Falstaff. He sang more than 70 different roles in a career that lasted from his first appearance at Covent Garden in 1948 to his farewell there in 1984.
Osmanabad district
Osmanabad district (pronunciation: [usmaːnabaːd̪]) (Transliteration: Usmanabad Jil'hā), officially known as Dharashiv district, is an administrative district in the Marathwada region in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The district headquarter is located at Osmanabad. The District of Osmanabad derives its name from the last ruler of Hyderabad, the 7th Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, of which the region was a part till 1947. This region was earlier part of The Hyderabad State until Independence.This primarily rural district occupies an area of 7,569 km2 (2,922 sq mi) of which 241.4 km2 (93.2 sq mi) is urban and has a population of 1,657,576 of which 16.96% were urban (as of 2011).

Hyderabad State (1948–1956)
Hyderabad State was a state in the Dominion and later Republic of India, formed after the accession of the State of Hyderabad into the Union on 17 September 1948. It existed from 1948 to 1956. Hyderabad State comprised present day Telangana, Marathwada, and Hyderabad-Karnataka.

Following the States Reorganisation Act, which implemented a linguistic reorganisation of states, the Hyderabad state was dissolved. Its different regions were merged with Andhra State, Mysore State and Bombay State respectively.
Crawford Logan
Crawford Logan is a British actor best known for his work in radio. In 2006 he became the latest actor to play the eponymous hero Paul Temple in a revival of the long-running mystery series on BBC radio. In 2009 he narrated the BBC Radio 4 Book of the Week, Newton and the Counterfeiter by Thomas Levenson.

On television, he has appeared in Doctor Who as Deedrix in the Tom Baker story Meglos and Secret Army. He is also a member of the band The Martians.  Logan played D.I. Donaghue in the crime drama P Division: Code Four One on BBC Radio 4 in the 1994 and 1995 series.

Thomas Levenson
Thomas Levenson is an American academic, science writer and documentary film-maker. As of 2012, he is Professor of Science Writing and director of the graduate program in science writing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has written six books: Ice Time: Climate, Science and Life on Earth; Measure for Measure: A Musical History of Science; Einstein in Berlin; The Hunt for Vulcan: And How Albert Einstein Destroyed a Planet, Discovered Relativity, and Deciphered the Universe (shortlisted for the Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize 2016); Newton and the Counterfeiter and Money for Nothing: The Scientists, Fraudsters, and Corrupt Politicians Who Reinvented Money, Panicked a Nation, and Made the World Rich.

He also writes articles and reviews for newspapers and magazines.
Tari Khan
Abdul Sattar Khan, popularly known as Ustad Tari Khan, and Abdul Sattar Tari is a Pakistani tabla player and vocalist.

Tari Khan belongs to the tabla playing gharana called the Punjab gharana and is the student of Ustad Miyan Shaukat Hussain.

Hans Raj Hans
Hans Raj Hans (born 9 April 1962) is an Indian singer and politician. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a recipient of the civilian honour of Padma Shri. He sings Punjabi folk and Sufi music as well as in movies and has also released his own 'Punjabi-pop' albums. He has worked alongside other artists, such as Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan in the movie Kachche Dhaage.
Isiphetho - Destiny
Isiphetho - Destiny is a South African television drama series created by Mandla N and Mpumelelo Nhlapho. It is an e.tv original series produced by BlackBrain Pictures, and stars Mbalenhle Mavimbela, Upile uThixo Bongco, Tsholo Maseko, Kope Makgae, Gugu Gumede, Linda Sokhulu, Mjosty Mbhele, Thulani Mtsweni, Peter Mashigo, Nokwazi Dlamini, Chrispen Nyathi, Simangele Mhlongo and Sibusiso Sithole.

Mandla N
Mandla Ngcongwane (born 9 April 1980) publicly known as Mandla N is a South African award-winning filmmaker, television and film producer, actor and musician. He is the founder and creative director of production company Black Brain Pictures. Over more than two decades, he has produced, directed and acted in some of the country's most popular television dramas, comedies and films, while also contributing to South African music production and soundtracks.
Gashui
Gashui (Persian: گشويي, also Romanized as Gashū’ī; also known as Kashoo’i and Kashū’ī) is a village in Hayat Davud Rural District, in the Central District of Ganaveh County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 159, in 30 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
David Hoenigman
David Hoenigman (born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio) is an author of experimental literature and avant-garde literature. He has lived in Tokyo, Japan since 1998.

Hoenigman is a visiting assistant professor at Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus where he teaches courses on Indie Rock, Heavy Metal, Subcultures, and Creative Writing. He founded the SFC Record Club, a space for vinyl record enthusiasts to gather on the Keio campus, in 2022.

Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus
Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus (慶應義塾大学湘南藤沢キャンパス, Keio Gijuku Daigaku Shonan-Fujisawa kanpasu), also known as “Keio SFC” is a research-oriented campus of Keio University located in the city of Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The campus currently offers three undergraduate courses and two postgraduate courses, and incorporates one high school and several research institutes. The campus was designed by Fumihiko Maki, a Pritzker Prize laureate.
Marokopa
Marokopa is a rural community in Waitomo District and Waikato region of New Zealand. It is located close to the coast between Awakino and Kawhia Harbour. The meshblock includes the coastal township of Marokopa, at the mouth of the Marokopa River, and the south side of the small village of Awamarino, about 10 km (6.2 mi) upstream.

The area was settled by forestry workers in the 19th century. It has been predominantly a farming locale since the early 20th century. In 1911 a large dairy factory was built, which mainly made butter which was shipped to Auckland. The Awamarino factory was enlarged in 1932, but closed in 1937. A telephone link to Te Kūiti was completed in 1914 and a service car ran on Tuesdays and Fridays from 1920. The town also had a post office, a flaxmill and a school (1908-1982). The nearest school is now Piripiri, 20 km (12 mi) upstream. There is a campground.

Kawhia Harbour
Kawhia Harbour (Māori: Kāwhia) is one of three large natural inlets in the Tasman Sea coast of the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located to the south of Raglan Harbour, Ruapuke and Aotea Harbour, 40 kilometres southwest of Hamilton. Kawhia is part of the Ōtorohanga District and is in the King Country. It has a high-tide area of 68 km2 (26 sq mi) and a low-tide area of 18 km2 (6.9 sq mi). Te Motu Island is located in the harbour.

The settlement of Kawhia is located on the northern coast of the inlet, and was an important port in early colonial New Zealand. The area of Kawhia comprises 16 to 20 hectares (40 to 50 acres) and is the town block that was owned by the New Zealand Government. The government bought it from the Europeans in 1880 "not from the original Māori owners, but from a European who claimed ownership in payment of money owed by another European".
Annals of Fontenelle
The Annals of Fontenelle (Annales Fontanellenses, Chronicon Fontanellense) or Chronicle of Saint-Wandrille (Chronicon sancti Wandregesili) is a short history compiled at the Abbey of Saint-Wandrille between 840 and 856. It is in annalistic form and its primarily concerns are local.

The Annales are an important source for the raid of the Viking chiefs Sidroc and Bjørn in 856–58, and also for King Charles the Bald's war with Nominoe, the duke of Brittany. Ferdinand Lot found the Annales to be generally unreliable with dates and dated their composition to after 872.

A French translation of the Annales was published by Jean Laporte in the Mélanges de la Société d'Histoire de Normandie in 1951. An English translation by Christian Cooijmans was published as a special volume of Apardjón Journal for Scandinavian Studies in 2022.

Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald (French: Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) was a king of West Francia (843–77), king of Italy (875–77) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–77). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded, by the Treaty of Verdun (843), in acquiring the western third of the empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith.
Diploma mills in the United States
Diploma mills in the United States (also known as a degree mill) are organizations that award academic degrees and diplomas with substandard or no academic study and without academic approval by officially recognized educational accrediting bodies or qualified government agencies. The purchaser can then claim to hold an academic degree, and the organization is motivated by making a profit. These degrees are often awarded based on vaguely construed life experience. Some organizations claim accreditation by non-recognized/unapproved accrediting bodies set up for the purposes of providing a veneer of authenticity.

Various schemes have been implemented to curb the proliferation of diploma mills, and a number of states have passed bills that make it illegal for an organization to confer degrees without accreditation.

In recent years unaccredited for-profit higher education institutions have specialized in enrolling foreign students and have been called sham schools.

Diploma
A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.

The diploma (as a document certifying a qualification) may also be called a testamur, Latin for "we testify" or "certify" (testari), so called from the word with which the certificate begins; this is commonly used in Australia to refer to the document certifying the award of a degree. Alternatively, this document can simply be referred to as a degree certificate or graduation certificate, or as a parchment. The certificate that a Nobel laureate receives is also called a diploma.

The term diploma is also used in some historical contexts, to refer to documents signed by a monarch affirming a grant or tenure of specified land and its conditions (see Anglo-Saxon charters and diplomatics).
Vintersaga
Vintersaga is a 1984 song written by Ted Ström, recorded by himself. The song has also been recorded by Monica Törnell, Jerry Williams, and Andreas Johnson.

The lyrics mentions how different places, people and ways of communication around Sweden handle a nationwide snowstorm, from Mommas krog in Kiruna in the northern parts to farms in Österlen in the south. Several other Ted Ström songs deal mainly with geographical names, transport and weather-related events.

Österlen
Österlen (Swedish pronunciation: [œstɛˈɭeːn])) is a region in the southeast of the Swedish province of Scania (Skåne). Historically, the region was shared between the counties of Kristianstad and Malmöhus for a small part in the southwest, until Skåne County was created in 1997. Österlen includes the municipalities of Simrishamn and Tomelilla and a rural part of Ystad.

The towns of Simrishamn and Tomelilla are of very similar sizes, but the Simrishamn municipal population is somewhat larger. Österlen has approximately in between 35,000 and 40,000 permanent inhabitants but plenty of seasonal vacation homes means that the population soars during summer months.

The area is a tourist destination known for its natural environment, historic buildings, fishing hamlets, small towns and farmland.
Biljana Kovačević-Vučo
Biljana Kovačević-Vučo (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Биљана Ковачевић-Вучо; May 21, 1952 – April 20, 2010) was a Serbian human rights and anti-war activist. She was President of the Lawyer's Committee for Human Rights (YUCOM) from 1997 until her death in 2010. A lifelong antifascist, antinationalist and progressive, she was also a member of the Advisory Board of the left-wing magazine Novi Plamen

Novi Plamen
Novi Plamen (transl. "The New Flame") was a left-wing journal for political, social and cultural issues primarily aimed at intellectual audiences in the former Yugoslavia and the related diaspora. It was a leading publication of its kind in the region, covering the entire post-Yugoslav space. It was published by the Demokratska misao (English: Democratic Thought) publishing company based in Zagreb and largely sold at kiosks. Its editors-in-chief were Mladen Jakopović (pseudonym Daniel Jakopovich), Ivica Mladenović and Professor Goran Marković.

The name of the journal is an allusion to the distinguished left-wing magazine Plamen which was published in 1919 and edited by Miroslav Krleža and August Cesarec. It also alludes to Karl Kraus' Die Fackel ("The Torch").
Interurban Bridge
The Interurban Bridge, also known as the Ohio Electric Railroad Bridge. is a historic interurban railway reinforced concrete multiple arch bridge built in 1908 to span the Maumee River joining Lucas and Wood counties near Waterville, Ohio. The span was once the world's largest earth-filled reinforced concrete bridge. One of the bridge's supports rests on the Roche de Boeuf, a historic Indian council rock, which was partially destroyed by the bridge's construction. The bridge, which is no longer in use, is a popular subject for photographers and painters, who view it from Farnsworth Metropark.

Wood County, Ohio
Wood County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 132,248. Its county seat is Bowling Green. The county was named for Captain Eleazer D. Wood, the engineer for General William Henry Harrison's army, who built Fort Meigs during the War of 1812. Wood County is part of the Toledo, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its diagonal northwest border is formed by the Maumee River, which has its mouth at Maumee Bay on Lake Erie.