hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
In 2013, the Liberal Party of Canada held a leadership election to elect a new party leader. The election was triggered by Michael Ignatieff's announcement, on May 3, 2011, of his intention to resign as leader following the party's defeat in the 2011 federal election. On May 25, 2011, Bob Rae was appointed by Liberal caucus as interim leader. The party announced Justin Trudeau as its new leader on April 14, 2013, in Ottawa, Ontario.

Justin Trudeau would go on to become the 23rd prime minister of Canada in the 2015 Canadian federal election in which the Liberal Party won 184 seats, an increase of 150 seats from 34 seats in the 2011 election, the largest-ever numerical increase by a party in a Canadian election.

Scarborough—Guildwood (federal electoral district)
Scarborough—Guildwood is a former federal electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2025.

It was created in 2003 from parts of Scarborough East, Scarborough Southwest and Scarborough Centre.

This riding lost territory to Scarborough—Rouge Park and Scarborough Southwest, and gained territory from Scarborough Centre during the 2012 electoral redistribution.
Mukay Elebayev
Mukay Elebayev was a Kyrgyz poet and author born in Chong Tash village, Semirechye Oblast, Russian Turkestan in what is now the Tüp District of Issyk-Kul Region, Kyrgyzstan on 15 January 1906. Left orphaned at age 9, he fled to China in 1916 during the Urkun, returning in 1919.

His autobiographical novel, "The Long Road", was published in 1936. It describes his growing up, escape to China, and return. It is considered to be the first novel in the Kyrgyz language.

In 1943 he was drafted into the Soviet army  and killed during World War II in Russia in 1944.

Issyk-Kul Region
Issyk-Kul is one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Karakol. It is surrounded by Almaty Region, Kazakhstan to the north, Chüy Region to the west, Naryn Region to the southwest, and Xinjiang, China to the southeast. It takes its name from Lake Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high altitude lake. Its total area is 43,735 km2 (16,886 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 501,933 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Russian (8.0% in 2009) minority.
1980 Robinsons South Pacific Classic – Singles
The 1980 Robinsons South Pacific Classic – Singles was an event of the 1980 Robinsons South Pacific Classic tennis tournament and was played on outdoor grass courts at the Milton Courts in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, between 6 October and 12 October 1980. The draw comprised 32 players of which 16 were seeded. Phil Dent was the defending South Pacific Tennis Classic singles champion but lost in the final. First-seeded John McEnroe won the title by defeating second-seeded Dent in the final, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4.

South Pacific Tennis Classic
The South Pacific Tennis Classic, also known as the South Pacific Championships was a men's tennis tournament played in Melbourne, Australia in 1974 and 1975, and in Brisbane, Australia from 1976 through 1981.  The event was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and was played on outdoor grass courts from 1976.
Prarthanai
Prarthanai (/prɑːrθənaɪ/ transl. Prayer) is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language film directed and co-written by Kausikan. The film stars A. V. M. Rajan, Sowcar Janaki and Vennira Aadai Nirmala, with Srikanth and Sasikumar in supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1973.

Vennira Aadai Nirmala
Vennira Aadai Nirmala (born as A. B. Shanthi in Kumbakonam) is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. She was a prominent lead actress from 1960s and 70s. She is credited as Ushakumari in Malayalam film industry.
Lipni Dol
Lipni Dol (pronounced [ˈliːpni ˈdoːl] or [ˈliːpni ˈdoːu̯]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the valley of a left tributary of the Savinja River, southeast of the town of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Laško
The Municipality of Laško (pronounced [ˈlaːʃkɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Laško)  is a municipality in eastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Daf-5
Daf-5 is an ortholog of the mammalian protein Sno/Ski，which present in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans on the downstream of TGFβ signaling pathway. Without daf-7 signal, daf-5 combined with daf-3, co-SMAD for C. elegans, to form a heterodimer and started dauer development.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Aaron Hoffman
Aaron Hoffman (October 30, 1880, in St. Louis, Missouri – May 27, 1924) was an American writer and lyricist, whose work was in wide use among vaudeville comedians. He wrote material for numerous performers, including Lew Dockstader and Weber and Fields.

Hoffman also had success as a writer of Broadway plays and musical comedies. In the 1910s, he wrote scripts and scenarios for silent films such as Beloved Rogues (1916) and several films starring actress Olga Petrova. His play Two Blocks Away was adapted into the 1926 film The Cohens and Kellys, the first of the six-film Cohens and Kellys franchise.

Lew Dockstader
Lew Dockstader (born George Alfred Clapp; August 7, 1856 – October 26, 1924) was an American singer, comedian, and vaudeville star, best known as a blackface minstrel show performer. Dockstader performed as a solo act and in his own popular minstrel troupe.
Cesar Gracie Jiu-Jitsu
Cesar Gracie Jiu-Jitsu is a mixed martial arts and Brazilian jiu-jitsu gym based in Pleasant Hill, California. The gym features professional fighters who have competed in many major promotions, such as the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), PRIDE Fighting Championships, DREAM, and Strikeforce.

Pleasant Hill, California
Pleasant Hill is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 34,613 at the 2020 census. It was incorporated in 1961. Pleasant Hill is the home of College Park High School, Diablo Valley College, the Pleasant Hill Library of the Contra Costa County Library system, and the Pleasant Hill Recreation & Park District.
Gerald Shirtcliff
Gerald Morton Shirtcliff (born 1945) is a New Zealand fraudster who posed as an engineer, working under a fake identity and qualifications. He received public attention following the collapse of the CTV Building, which caused 115 deaths, in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake as the subsequent investigation over his role as the building's construction manager in the 1980s led to revelations of his deception. He worked in Australia under the name Will Fisher, an identity Shirtcliff stole from a former colleague.

60 Minutes (Australian TV program)
60 Minutes is an Australian version of the American news magazine television show of the same title, airing on the Nine Network since 1979 on Sunday nights. A New Zealand version uses segments of the show. The program is one of five inducted into Australia's television Logie Hall of Fame.
Lok Satta Party
Lok Satta  is a classical liberal political party in India, founded by Nagabhairava Jaya Prakash Narayana, a former IAS officer and renowned activist from Andhra Pradesh. Since 1996, the Lok Satta Movement functioned as a non-governmental organisation, but on 2 October 2006, the movement was reorganised into a formal political party. The party intends to further the causes of the Lok Satta Movement, including a reduction in the size of the cabinet, promotion of the Right to Information Act, and disclosure of criminal records and assets by political candidates. Beginning with the 2009 elections the party has adopted a whistle as their official symbol. On 23 March 2016, the party founder president, Jayaprakash Narayan said that they will not take part in electoral politics for sometime.

Union Council of Ministers
The Union Council of Ministers is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which serves to aid and advise the President of India in execution of their functions. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and consists of the heads of each of the executive government ministries. Currently, the council is headed by Narendra Modi and consists of 71 fellow members. The council is answerable to the Lok Sabha.

A smaller executive body called the Union Cabinet is the supreme decision-making body in India; it is a subset of the Union Council of Ministers who hold important portfolios and ministries of the government.
Domè
Domè is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Zogbodomey. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 6,768.

Zou Department
Zou [zu] is one of the twelve departments of Benin, named for the Zou River which travels through the department before emptying into the Atlantic in the south of the country. The department of Zou was split in two in 1999, with the northern territory transferred to the newly created Collines Department. The capital of Zou is Abomey. Zou is subdivided into nine communes, each centred at one of the principal towns: Abomey, Agbangnizoun, Bohicon, Cové, Djidja, Ouinhi, Za-Kpota, Zangnanado and Zogbodomey.

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 851,580, with 407,030 males and 444,550 females. The proportion of women was 52.20%. The total rural population was 67.00%, while the urban population was 33.00%. The total labour force in the department was 275,249, of which 50.10% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 60.70% and the proportion of households with children attending school was 72.90%.
Dumont d'Urville Station
The Dumont d'Urville Station (French: Base antarctique Dumont-d'Urville) is a French scientific station in Antarctica on Île des Pétrels, archipelago of Pointe-Géologie in Adélie Land. It is named after explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville, whose expedition landed on Débarquement Rock in the Dumoulin Islands at the northeast end of the archipelago on January 21, 1840. It is operated by the "French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor", a joint operation of French public and para-public agencies. It is the administrative centre of Adélie Land.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Tommy Jones (defensive back)
Thomas Jones (born January 25, 1971) is an American former professional football defensive back who played six seasons in the Arena Football League with the Anaheim Piranhas and San Jose SaberCats. He played college football at California State University, Fresno. Jones was also a member of the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Amsterdam Admirals. He is from Lemoore, California.

Lemoore, California
Lemoore (/ləˈmɔːr/ lə-MOR; formerly La Tache and Lee Moore's) is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Lemoore is located 7.5 miles (12 km) west-southwest of Hanford, at an elevation of 230 feet (70 m). It is part of the Hanford-Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Code 25260). The population was 27,038 at the 2020 Census.

Lemoore is home to Naval Air Station Lemoore, a master jet base housing F-18 and F-35 squadrons assigned to the Pacific fleet.
Alexander Vakhnov
Alexander Evgenievich Vakhnov (Russian: Александр Евгеньевич Вахнов, born 16 February 1999) is a Russian competitive ice dancer. With his former skating partner, Sofia Polishchuk, he is the 2017 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist and 2017 JGP Australia champion.

NRW Trophy
The NRW Trophy (also known as the NRW Summer Trophy or the NRW Autumn Trophy) is an annual international figure skating competition organized by the Skating Union of North Rhine-Westphalia. Since 2007, it has been sanctioned by the Deutsche Eislauf Union and the International Skating Union. It is held every autumn at the Westfalenhallen in Dortmund, Germany. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition is held in two parts: The Ice Dance Trophy is held in early November, while the Figure Skating Trophy is held for singles and pair skating in late November or early December.
El Cobre, Cuba
El Cobre is a Cuban town and consejo popular ("people's council", i.e. hamlet) of the municipality of Santiago de Cuba, capital of the homonym province, with a population of about 7,000. Mainly known for a Basilica in honour of Our Lady of Charity, the patron saint of Cuba, it was until recently the site of a large copper mine worked by slaves, free coloured people, and for a while by miners from Cornwall.

Consejo popular
In Cuba, a consejo popular (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkonsexo populaɾ]; lit. 'popular council'  or 'people's council'; sometimes shortened to CP) is an electoral ward or political-administrative demarcation of the National Assembly of People's Power of Cuba.

They were created in 1988. 474 wards had been created as of 2023, with them changing frequently. They function as subdivisions, under municipalities.

Under the wards are districts. All wards have at least 5 districts, with urban areas having more and rural areas having less.

Most rural wards include 1 major town or village (usually with a population of 700-3,000 at least) with a few hamlets, while urban areas (usually municipal seat) are usually split into wards, named for the city with a I, II and sometimes III, and IV and so forth appended. Sometimes when only two wards are present in a city, they are split into "Norte" (or north) and "Sur" (or south).
Gayndah State School
Gayndah State School is a heritage-listed state school at 33 Meson Street, Gayndah, North Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1861 to 1862. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

North Burnett Region
The North Burnett Region is a local government area in Queensland, Australia in the northern catchment of the Burnett River. Established in 2008, it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$32  million.

In the 2021 census, the North Burnett Region had a population of 10,068 people.
Blk71
BLOCK71 Singapore, commonly known as "Blk71", is a factory building located in the Ayer Rajah Industrial Estate of one-north, Singapore. The Economist referred to BLOCK71 as the heart of Singapore's technology start-up ecosystem  and the world's most tightly packed entrepreneurial ecosystem. BLOCK71 has built up a strong innovation and entrepreneurship community, where entrepreneurs, investors, developers and mentors within the interactive digital media space are in close proximity to each other. BLOCK71 is home to more than 100 start-ups, venture capital firms and tech incubators.  It is also located near other technology hubs within Singapore, such as the Fusionopolis, Biopolis and National University of Singapore (NUS).

Biopolis
Biopolis is a research and development centre for biomedical sciences in Singapore. It is located at one-north in Buona Vista, and is close to the National University of Singapore, the Singapore Polytechnic, the Singapore Institute of Technology, the National University Hospital, the Singapore Science Park, Ministry of Education, ESSEC Business School, INSEAD Business School, and Fusionopolis. This campus is dedicated to providing space for biomedical research and development activities and promoting peer review and collaboration among the private and public scientific community.
1975 San Francisco mayoral election
The 1975 mayoral election was held to select the 37th mayor of San Francisco, and was held in two parts. In the November regular election, then-Speaker of the California State Assembly George Moscone placed first with conservative city supervisor John Barbagelata second and moderate supervisor Dianne Feinstein coming in third. Moscone and Barbagelata thus both advanced to the mandated runoff election in December where Moscone narrowly defeated the conservative supervisor by 4,400 votes, a margin of less than 1%.

For the rest of his life, Barbagelata maintained that the People's Temple religious cult, led by Jim Jones, committed election fraud by bussing in out-of-town church members to double and triple vote for Moscone under the registrations of dead voters.

Mayor of San Francisco
The mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government. The officeholder has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, the legislative branch. The mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms. Because of San Francisco's status as a consolidated city-county, the mayor also serves as the head of government of the county; both entities have been governed together by a combined set of governing bodies since 1856.

There have been 45 individuals who have served as mayor in San Francisco since 1850, when California became a state following the American Conquest of California. Prior to the conquest, Californios served as Mayor of San Francisco during the Spanish and Mexican eras since 1779.

The current mayor is Democrat Daniel Lurie.
Sloley (surname)
Sloley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Sloley (born 1991), British disappearance victim

Charlie Sloley (1906–1996), Australian rules footballer

Herbert Sloley (1855–1937), British colonial policeman and administrator.

Richard Sloley (1891–1946), British footballer

Disappearance of Alex Sloley
Alexander Sloley (born 4 August 1991) was a British boy who disappeared without a trace on 2 August 2008 in Edmonton, north London, England, when he was 16. No evidence of his fate has been found, and his current whereabouts remain unknown.
Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide
The Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide (CPG) is a center affiliated with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. It was started in 2013 and grew out of the work of the Committee on Conscience. Their consultants include Jay Ulfelder, former director of the Political Instability Task Force.

Political Instability Task Force
The Political Instability Task Force (PITF), formerly known as State Failure Task Force, is a U.S. government-sponsored research project to build a database on major domestic political conflicts leading to state failures. The study analyzed factors to denote the effectiveness of public institutions, population well-being, and found that partial democracies with low involvement in international trade and with high infant mortality are most prone to revolutions.
César Landa
César Rodrigo Landa Arroyo (born 15 June 1958) is a Peruvian professor and politician. He served as Minister of Foreign Relations of Peru intermittently from February to December 2022 under the presidency of Pedro Castillo. He also served as president of the Constitutional Court of Peru between 2006 and 2008, and vice minister of Justice in 2004.

Constitutional Court of Peru
The Peruvian Constitutional Court or Constitutional Tribunal is an independent constitutional agency of Peru that was established in the 1993 Constitution of Peru that was created during the government of Alberto Fujimori. The court's members are nominated by the Congress of Peru; these nominations sometimes lack transparency and are based on political favors that nominees can provide to legislators. Since May 2022, the Constitutional Court has been used to provide institutional strength to Fujimorists in Congress, according to IDL-Reporteros.

The court's historical headquarters are located in the city of Arequipa but its national operative headquarters are located in the capital city of Lima. The Constitutional Court is the highest organ of constitutional control and interpretation in the country. It is an autonomous and independent organ that is only bound by the Peruvian Constitution and its Organic Law – Law N° 28301.
Chilapa de Álvarez
Chilapa de Álvarez, informally known as Chilapa, is a town located in the municipality of Chilapa de Álvarez in the Mexican state of Guerrero. The town is located approximately 54 kilometers east of the state capital Chilpancingo.

Chilapa is noted for its large Saturday tianguis, or Aztec market, and its crafts. Local culinary specialities of Chilapa include pozole, chalupas, pan de chilapa bread, and homemade mezcal. The municipal cathedral has a mechanical figurine of Juan Diego, who appears at a window in the cathedral spire and drops rose petals onto the plaza below.

Every August 15, a festival called Tigrada is held on the streets of Chilapa. It is linked to Mesoamerican mythology and is supposed to call on the Aztec god Tepēyōllōtl to bring rainfall and productive land.

Tepēyōllōtl
In Aztec mythology, Tepēyōllōtl (Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈtepeːˈjoːlːoːt͡ɬ]; "heart of the mountains"; also Tepeyollotli) was the god of darkened caves, earthquakes, echoes and jaguars. He is the god of the Eighth Hour of the Night, and is depicted as a jaguar leaping towards the Sun. In the calendar, Tepeyollotl rules over both the third day, Calli (house), and the third trecena, 1-Mazatl (deer).

The word is derived as a compound of the Nahuatl words tepētl ("mountain"), and yōllōtl ("heart" or "interior"). Tepeyollotl is usually depicted as cross-eyed holding the typical white staff with green feathers. Sometimes Tezcatlipoca wore Tepeyollotl for an animal skin or disguise to trick other gods into not knowing who he was.
Susannah Buckler
Susannah Buckler, also known as Mrs. Matthews, was a convicted thief and prostitute from Dublin, Ireland. who was involved in a bloody convict mutiny aboard the brigantine Baltimore bound for Annapolis, Maryland. She is notorious for her escape from authorities in Nova Scotia following the mutiny.

Brigantine
A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square-rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast). The main mast is the second and taller of the two masts.

Older usages are looser; in addition to the rigorous definition above (attested from 1695), the Oxford English Dictionary includes two c. 1525 definitions: "a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing, swifter and more easily manœuvred than larger ships" and "(loosely) various kinds of foreign sailing and rowing vessels, as the galleon, galliot, etc."

Modern American definitions include vessels without any square sail(s) on the main mast.