hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bowling at the 2023 Pan American Games
Bowling competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile are scheduled to be held at the Bowling Centre located in La Florida between November 2 and 5, 2023.

Four medal events are scheduled to be contested, a singles and doubles events for each men and women.

La Florida, Chile
La Florida (Spanish pronunciation: [la floˈɾiða], Spanish for "the flowery") is an urban-suburban commune of Chile located in the South East of Santiago. It is a residential area and its inhabitants are mostly members of a new middle to upper-middle class. It ranks number 12 out of 346 among Chilean communes in terms of Human Development Index.
Meridian 4
Meridian 4 (Russian: Меридиан-4), also known as Meridian No.14L, is a Russian military communications satellite. It was launched atop a Soyuz-2-1a/Fregat rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in May 2011.

It is the fourth satellite to be launched as part of the Meridian system to replace the older Molniya series. It was constructed by ISS Reshetnev and is believed to be based on the Uragan-M satellite bus, which has also been used for GLONASS navigation satellites.

Meridian satellites are launched into highly elliptical Molniya orbits to provide communications coverage of the Northern Hemisphere for the Russian military.

Satellite bus
A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

Bus-derived satellites are less customized than specially-produced satellites, but have specific equipment added to meet customer requirements, for example with specialized sensors or transponders, in order to achieve a specific mission.

They are commonly used for geosynchronous satellites, particularly communications satellites, but are most commonly used in spacecraft which occupy low Earth orbit missions.
John Jackson (cricketer, born 1898)
John Alfred Stewart Jackson CBE (27 December 1898 – 13 March 1958) was a Chilean-British cricketer and school founder.

A right-handed batsman and right-arm leg spin bowler, he played seven times for the Chile national cricket team against Argentina between 1922 and 1938. Earlier in his career, he played county cricket for Somerset.

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.
Kota Ranger FC
Kota Ranger Football Club (Malay: Kelab Bola Sepak Kota Ranger; abbrev: KRFC), formerly Perkota, is a Bruneian football club, playing in the Brunei Super League. It was formed in 1978 and was successful in the late eighties and early nineties, winning the national championships twice. Kota Ranger directly translates to City Ranger in English.

Having won two national championship playoffs, a competition that pitted the four district champions against one another; in 1987 and 1993, Kota Ranger is regarded as one of the most successful clubs from that era. Kota Ranger FC, a dominant force in Brunei football in the 1980s and 1990s, and AM Gunners FC are two club names that may hint at some British influence on the local game.

Districts of Brunei
Districts (Malay: daerah) are the first-level administrative divisions of Brunei. The country is divided into four districts, namely Brunei–Muara, Belait, Tutong, and Temburong. Temburong is an exclave; it is physically separated from the three other districts by the Brunei Bay and the Malaysian state of Sarawak. Each district has a town as its administrative and economic centre, with the exception of Brunei–Muara, where the centre is Bandar Seri Begawan, a city and the country's capital.
USS Satterlee (DD-626)
USS Satterlee (DD-626) was a Gleaves-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She is the second Navy ship named for United States Coast Guard Captain Charles Satterlee.

Satterlee was laid down on 10 September 1941 by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp., Seattle, Washington and launched on 17 July 1942; sponsored by Miss Rebecca E. Satterlee, niece of Capt. Satterlee. The ship was commissioned on 1 July 1943.

Seattle–Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation
The Seattle–Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation (later renamed Todd Pacific Shipyards, Inc.) was an American shipbuilding company which built escort carriers, destroyers, cargo ships and auxiliaries for the United States Navy and merchant marine during World War II. It consisted of two yards, one in Seattle and one in Tacoma, along the Puget Sound of Washington. It was the largest producer of destroyers (45) on the West Coast and the largest producer of escort carriers of various classes (56) of any United States shipyard active during World War II.
Wiesenburg Castle
The Wiesenburg Castle (German: Burg Wiesenburg or Schloss Wiesenburg) is a castle located in the Wiesenburg district of Wildenfels, Germany, on a hill overlooking the eastern shore of the Mulde river. The castle protects the bridge across the Mulde to Schönau and Wildenfels.

Wildenfels
Wildenfels (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪldn̩ˌfɛls] ⓘ) is a municipality in Germany, Landkreis Zwickau in Saxony. It is situated 9 km southeast of Zwickau.

The construction of Wildenfels castle was begun before 1200 by the lords of Wildenfels. Between 1440 and 1706 it was a fief with Imperial immediacy. In 1602 it passed to the House of Solms which established the branch of Solms-Wildenfels. The counts of Solms-Wildenfels resided there until communist expropriation in 1945. Presently the castle is used for weddings and other events, partially for housing, the courtyards are accessible.
Alvin Roth (basketball)
Alvin "Fats" Roth (November 2, 1929 – June 19, 2003) was an American professional basketball player known for his playing days at the City College of New York (CCNY) between 1949–50 and 1950–51. Roth was a contributing member of the only basketball team in NCAA history to win both the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) and NCAA Tournament in the same season. Roth was one of four sophomore starters on the CCNY squad that defeated Bradley in both championship games.

Bradley Braves men's basketball
The Bradley Braves men's basketball team represents Bradley University, located in Peoria, Illinois, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference. The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena.

Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA tournaments, including two Final Fours and national championship games in 1950 and 1954. They last appeared in the NCAA tournament in 2019 (they qualified for the 2020 tournament which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006. The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 23 times with an all-time NIT record of 27–20 and have won four NIT championships (1957, 1960, 1964, and 1982), second only to St. John's in appearances (30) and titles (5). Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 tournament in 2016, the program was invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament.
Surfing in Brazil
Surfing was first introduced in  Brazil in the 1970s.

The sport is predominantly participated by the middle class of the country.

Rio Pro is one of the major professional surfing events in Brazil.

Brazil has emerged as a major power in sport surfing, which has been labeled the Brazilian Storm. Gabriel Medina was the first Brazilian to win a World Surfing Championship.

Rodrigo Koxa broke the world record for the largest wave at 80 ft (24.3 meters).

World Surfing Games
The ISA World Surfing Games, formerly known as the ISA World Surfing Championships, are organized by world governing body of surfing, the International Surfing Association (ISA), which is recognized by the International Olympic Committee.
Sar Boneh
Sar Boneh (Persian: سربنه) is a village in Miankuh Rural District, Miankuh District, Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 143, in 31 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Vermilacinia paleoderma
Vermilacinia paleoderma is a pale yellow-green fruticose lichen that occurs commonly along the fog zone of the  Pacific Coast of Northern Vizcaíno Desert region of Baja Californica and occasionally in the Chaparral Islands of California.

Salazinic acid
Salazinic acid is a depsidone with a lactone ring. It is found in some lichens, and is especially prevalent in Parmotrema and Bulbothrix, where its presence or absence is often used to help classify species in those genera.
1990 Copper Bowl
The 1990 Copper Bowl featured the Wyoming Cowboys and the California Golden Bears.

After a scoreless first quarter, Cal quarterback Mike Pawlawski threw a 25-yard touchdown pass to Brian Treggs giving Cal a 7–0 lead. A 26-yard Wyoming field goal cut the margin to 7–3 at halftime. In the third quarter, Cal added a 46-yard field goal to take a 10–3 lead. In the fourth quarter, Eric Zomalt scored on a 4-yard touchdown run increasing Cal's lead to 17–3. Wyoming scored on an 11-yard Daffer run, and attempted a 2-point conversion that failed, to make the score 17–9. They later scored on a 70-yard punt return, but the 2-point conversion attempt again failed, leaving the final score 17–15.

Brian Treggs
Brian Allen Treggs (born June 11, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver who played one season with the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the California Golden Bears.
Rostroconchia
The Rostroconchia is a class of extinct molluscs dating from the early Cambrian to the Late Permian. They were initially thought to be bivalves, but were later given their own class.  They have a single shell in their larval stage, and the adult typically has a single, pseudo-bivalved shell enclosing the mantle and muscular foot. The anterior part of the shell probably pointed downward and had a gap from which the foot could probably emerge. Rostroconchs probably lived a sedentary semi-infaunal lifestyle. There were probably more than 1,000 species of members of this class.

Approximately 3 dozen genera and an even greater number of species have been described. Generally, rostroconchs are small, less than two centimeters in length, but larger forms, found in United States Devonian limestones, can grow to a length of 15 cm.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked)
In enzymology, an alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) (EC 1.14.14.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

RCHO + reduced FMN + O2  RCOOH + FMN + H2O + hnu

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are RCHO, reduced FMN, and O2, whereas its 4 products are RCOOH, FMN, H2O, and hn.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is alkanal, reduced-FMN:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, luminescing). Other names in common use include bacterial luciferase, aldehyde monooxygenase, luciferase, and Vibrio fischeri luciferase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
God morgon (Uno & Irma song)
"God morgon" is a song written by Uno Svenningsson and Staffan Hellstrand, and performed by Uno Svenningsson and Irma Schultz Keller at Melodifestivalen 2007. The song participated in the semifinal in the town of Jönköping on 3 February 2007, from where it reached Andra chansen. Once there the song failed to reach the final inside the Stockholm Globe Arena. The song's lyrics describes morning arriving in a town. On 5 March 2007, the single for the song was released, peaking at number 18 on the Swedish Singles Chart.

The song entered Svensktoppen on 15 April 2007, reaching the 7th position. The upcoming week, it had fallen to the 9th position, before getting knocked out the upcoming week.

During Melodifestivalen 2012 the song was one of the "Tredje chansen" numbers.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Dorothy Mueller
Dorothy Mueller (December 25, 1925 – June 2, 1985) was a pitcher who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League between the 1947 and 1953 seasons. Listed at 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) and 160 pounds (73 kg), she batted and threw right-handed. She was nicknamed Dottie or Sportie by her close friends and teammates.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Fish Outta Water
Fish Outta Water is the first solo studio album by Chali 2na, a front member of Jurassic 5. It was released on Decon in 2009. It features guest appearances from Talib Kweli, Anthony Hamilton, Beenie Man, Elzhi, and the Marley brothers Damian and Stephen. It peaked at number 44 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart.

Elzhi
Jason Powers (born May 12, 1978), better known by his stage name Elzhi (stylized as eLZhi), is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. He is a former member of Slum Village and now records as a solo artist. In his youth, he made numerous visits to the Hip-Hop shop in Detroit, taking advantage of open-mic nights hosted by fellow Detroit rapper Proof.
Paul Di Filippo
Paul Di Filippo (born October 29, 1954) is an American science fiction writer.

He is a regular reviewer for print magazines Asimov's Science Fiction, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Science Fiction Eye, The New York Review of Science Fiction, Interzone and Nova Express, as well as online at Science Fiction Weekly. He is a member of the Turkey City Writer's Workshop.

Antonio Urias writes that Di Filippo's writing has a "tradition of the bizarre and the weird".

His novella A Year in the Linear City was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novella.

Since 2013 Di Filippo has written regular book reviews for  Locus Magazine Locus Magazine.

Interzone (magazine)
Interzone is a British fantasy and science fiction magazine. Published since 1982, Interzone is the eighth-longest-running English language science fiction magazine in history, and the longest-running British science fiction (SF) magazine. Stories published in Interzone have been finalists for the Hugo Awards and have won a Nebula Award and numerous British Science Fiction Awards.
Seven hills of Moscow
The Seven hills of Moscow (Russian: Семь холмо́в Москвы́) is a historic name of several elevated sections of terrain, on top of which Moscow was built.

The legend of Seven Hills (as an analogy between Moscow and Rome) has been known since the 16th century, when they began to actively develop the hilly terrain dissected by numerous rivers and ravines. Usually, the term Seven Hills refers to the Borovitsky Hill (a.k.a. Kremlin Hill), the so-called Three Mountains (the districts of Presnya and Vagankovo), Tver Hill a.k.a. Strastnaya Gorka (today's Pushkin Square), Sretensky Hill a.k.a. Sukharevsky Hill (today's Sukharevskaya Square), Tagansky Hill a.k.a. Shvivaya Gorka (over the Yauza River), Vvedenskiye Mountains a.k.a. Lefortovo Hill (in Lefortovo), and Vorobyovy Hills.

Besides the aforementioned hills, they sometimes include Krutitsy, Krasniy Hill (over the Yauza River), and Naprudniy Hill a.k.a. Sushchevsky (between the rivers Neglinnaya and Naprudnaya).

Lefortovo District
Lefortovo District (Russian: райо́н Лефо́ртово, IPA: [lʲɪˈfortəvə] ⓘ) is a district of South-Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia.  Its area is 9.15 square kilometres (3.53 sq mi). Population: 91,176 (2010 Census); 87,560 (2002 Census).
Royal Commission on Metropolitan Railway Termini
The Royal Commission to Investigate the Various Projects for Establishing Railway Termini Within or in the Immediate Vicinity of the Metropolis (usually referred to as the Royal Commission on Metropolitan Railway Termini) was a royal commission established in 1846 with a remit to review and report on railway termini in London.

The commission recommended that lines north of the River Thames should be prevented from entering the central area. The absence of rail connections contributed to the creation of the Metropolitan Railway, the first part of the London Underground.

West London Railway
The West London Railway was conceived to link the London and Birmingham Railway and the Great Western Railway with the Kensington Basin of the Kensington Canal, enabling access to and from London docks for the carriage of goods. It opened in 1844 but was not commercially successful.

In 1863 the canal was closed and the railway extended southwards on its alignment as the West London Extension Railway, crossing the River Thames on a new bridge and connecting with the London Brighton and South Coast Railway and the London and South Western Railway south of the Thames. Local and long-distance passenger traffic was carried, and goods traffic exchanging between the connected railways. Passenger traffic declined after 1940, but the line remained open for sporadic freight services. In recent years regular local passenger services have revived the traffic on the line.
Wulu (Emperor De)
Wulu was a chieftain of the Wanyan tribe, the most dominant among the Jurchen tribes which later founded the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). He was the eldest son of Hanpu, who is regarded as the ancestor of the Wanyan clan. Wulu was given the posthumous name Emperor De (德皇帝) by his descendant, Emperor Xizong.

Emperor Xizong of Jin
Emperor Xizong of Jin (28 February 1119 – 9 January 1150), personal name Hela, sinicised name Wanyan Dan, was the third emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He reigned for about 15 years from 1135 to 1150. During his reign, the Jin dynasty launched several military campaigns against the Han-led Southern Song dynasty in southern China.
Portfolio Committee on Basic Education
The Portfolio Committee on Basic Education is a portfolio committee of the National Assembly of South Africa. It oversees the Department of Basic Education and related agencies, including Umalusi and the South African Council of Educators.

The committee was established in 2009 when the Ministry of Basic Education was established. Before then, its predecessor, the Portfolio Committee on Education, oversaw the Minister of Education, who was responsible for higher education as well as basic education.

Matriculation in South Africa
In South Africa, matriculation (or matric) is the final year of high school and the qualification received on graduating from high school, and the minimum university entrance requirements. The first formal examination was conducted in South Africa under the University of the Cape of Good Hope in 1858.

In general usage, the school-leaving exams, which are government-administered, are known as the "matric exams"; by extension, students in the final year of high school (grade 12) are known as "matriculants" or, more commonly, "matrics". Once the Matric year has been passed, students are said to have "matriculated".
The Mind (card game)
The Mind is a card game designed by Wolfgang Warsch and published in 2018 by Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag (NSV). Players attempt to play hands of numbered cards in correct ascending order without communicating.

Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag
Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag (NSV) is a German playing card manufacturer and board game publisher based in Nuremberg. It was founded in 1989 after outsourcing from the publishing house of F.X. Schmid and builds on the "Heinrich Schwarz Playing Card Factory, Nuremberg" (Spielkartenfabrik Heinrich Schwarz Nürnberg)  founded in 1948. The company produces playing cards and dice games and, especially in recent years, increasingly proprietary games from various game authors.