hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1913 Northern Illinois State Normal football team
The 1913 Northern Illinois State Normal football team represented Northern Illinois State Normal College as an independent in the 1913 college football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach William Wirtz and played their home games at Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus. The team finished the season with a 3–3–3 record. Jesse Donyes was the team's captain.

1913 college football season
The 1913 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Auburn, Chicago, and Harvard as having been selected national champions. All three teams finished with undefeated records. Chicago and Harvard officially claim national championships for the 1913 season.

Chicago was also the champion of the Western Conference, Missouri was champion of the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA), and Colorado won the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference.
Pirin Folk Ensemble
The Pirin Folk Ensemble (Bulgarian: Фолклорен ансамбъл „Пирин“, Folkloren ansambal „Pirin“) (also Pirin Folk Song and Dances State Ensemble) is a Bulgarian performance group. It consists of a folk orchestra, a dance troupe, and a women's choir. The ensemble strives to preserve Bulgarian culture by performing traditional music and dance from throughout Bulgaria. It has performed over 6500 concerts in 50 countries, and produced numerous LPs, CDs, videos, and songbooks. National Geographic called Pirin "an organic synthesis of the regional folk choral and dance traditions of Bulgaria."

The Pirin Folk Ensemble, named after the Pirin Mountains, was founded in 1954 in Blagoevgrad, a town in southwestern Bulgaria. Professor Kiril Stefanov was the Pirin Folk Ensemble's chief art director and conductor for many years.

Dance troupe
A dance troupe or dance company is a group of dancers and associated personnel who work together to perform dances as a sport, spectacle or entertainment. There are many different types of dance companies, often working in different styles of dance. Some companies are formed from members of dance studios or from paid professionals. Dance company members can range from as young as two years old up to 18 years old. Dance troupes may be formed for competition purposes. Many dance companies are established within cities to be near theatres or other performing art venues. A dance troupe will likely have performance costumes, sets or props, and proper footwear. A dance studio will more than likely be the location where dance classes and or practices will take place.
Fatal Charm (1990 film)
Fatal Charm is a 1990 American direct-to-video thriller film directed by Fritz Kiersch under the pseudonym of Alan Smithee. The musical score was composed by James Donnellan. The film starring Christopher Atkins, Amanda Peterson, James Remar, Peggy Lipton, Andrew Robinson and Lar Park-Lincoln in the lead roles. In the United States, the film premiered February 22, 1992 on Showtime.

Alan Smithee
Alan Smithee (also Allen Smithee) is an official pseudonym used by film directors who wish to disown a project. Coined by the Directors Guild of America in 1968, it was used until 2000 when it was largely discontinued. It was the sole pseudonym used by DGA members who were, on paper, directors of a film but were dissatisfied with the final product and able to prove to a guild panel that they had not been able to exercise creative control over its filming process. The director was also required by guild rules not to discuss the circumstances leading to the move or even to acknowledge being the project's director. The Alan Smithee credit has also been adopted for direction credit disputes in television, music videos and other media.
Disputes between Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
Following the bifurcation of undivided Andhra Pradesh in 2014, Telangana and residual Andhra Pradesh continued to fight over  issues such as assets division, river water sharing and return of five villages near Bhadrachalam to Telangana. In 2024, a new beginning was made with the meeting between the newly elected chief ministers on 6 July 2024. The chief ministers decided to constitute  committees at the level of chief secretaries and ministers to speed up resolution.

Tmcft
The abbreviation tmcft (also written tmc ft, TMC, or tmc), representing a thousand million cubic feet (one billion = 1,000,000,000 = 109 cubic feet) is commonly used in India in reference to volume of water in a reservoir or river flow.
2004 French Open – Girls' doubles
Marta Fraga and Adriana González-Peñas were the defending champions, but did not compete in the Juniors that year.

Kateřina Böhmová and Michaëlla Krajicek won the title, defeating Irina Kotkina and Yaroslava Shvedova in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

Kateřina Böhmová (tennis player, born 1986)
Kateřina Böhmová (born 18 November 1986) is a Czech former professional tennis player. She is the daughter of Kateřina Böhmová-Skronská, Czechoslovak tennis player active in the 1980s. Through marriage she is also known as Kateřina Klapková.

Her career-high singles ranking is world No 107, which she achieved on 12 June 2006. Her biggest career highlight is winning the girls' doubles title at the 2004 French Open, partnering Michaëlla Krajicek.
Muroni
The Muroni (or Murony) is a vampire in Wallachian mythology.  It has the ability to transform into a variety of different animals.  Due to this characteristic, a Muroni attack could be very hard to identify and could often be thought of as an animal attack.  The only sign that a Muroni was there at all was an exceptional amount of blood loss.

While the Muroni was often thought to be a vampire, it can also be considered a shapeshifter as it would take on the appearance of animals.  The Muroni is one of many vampire legends which was believed to be a blood-sucking ghost in reality, only taking on the form of other beings to make feeding easier.

Shapeshifting
In mythology, folklore and speculative fiction, shapeshifting is the ability to physically transform oneself through unnatural means. The idea of shapeshifting is found in the oldest forms of totemism and shamanism, as well as the oldest existent literature and epic poems such as the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad. The concept remains a common literary device in modern fantasy, children's literature and popular culture. Examples of shape-shifters include changelings, jinns, kitsune, vampires, and werewolves, along with deities such as Loki and Vertumnus.
History of gay men in the United States
This article addresses the history of gay men in the United States. Unless otherwise noted, the members of same-sex male couples discussed here are not known to be gay (rather than, for example, bisexual), but they are mentioned as part of discussing the practice of male homosexuality—that is, same-sex male sexual and romantic behavior.

Oscar Wilde Bookshop
The Oscar Wilde Bookshop was a bookstore located in New York City's Greenwich Village neighborhood that focused on LGBTQ works. It was founded by Craig Rodwell on November 24, 1967, as the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop. Initially located at 291 Mercer Street, it moved in 1973 to 15 Christopher Street, opposite Gay Street.

The bookstore closed on March 29, 2009, citing the Great Recession and challenges from online bookstores.

In 2006, the bookshop received the Michele Karlsberg Leadership Award from the Publishing Triangle.
Bible translations into Azerbaijani
The earliest known example of a Bible translation into Ajem-Turkic (also known as Middle Azeri) was made in the 17th century. A copy of it is being stored in the Uppsala University, Sweden.

The first modern Azerbaijani translation by Mirza Farrukh and Feliks Zaręba was the Gospel of Matthew, published in 1842 in London by Basel Missionary Society. The complete New Testament was fully translated and published in 1878 in London and the Old Testament in 1891.

In 1982, the Institute for Bible Translation in Stockholm, Sweden released a new modern Azerbaijani language translation of the New Testament made by Mirza Khazar, which is currently used in Azerbaijan. Mirza Khazar's translation being reprinted five times in subsequent years.  The most recent New Testament edition, the sixth, is of 1998, while the Old Testament's one is of 2004. Mirza Khazar's translation of The Old Testament was completed in 1984, but not printed.

Elam published an Iranian (Southern) Azeri translation in 2013.

Institute for Bible Translation
The Institute for Bible Translation (IBT) was founded in Stockholm, Sweden in 1973 by the Bosnian-Croatian poet Borislav Arapović, its main task being to publish Bibles for "non-Slavic peoples in Slavic countries," not just Bible translations into the languages of Russia but also Central Asian languages.

Eighty-five million people in non-Slavic ethnic groups living in the former Soviet Union—now CIS, including Russia—represent a tremendous diversity of languages (at least 130 different languages) and religions (Islam, Buddhism and shamanism). The Institute for Bible Translation is also a part of the Forum of Bible Agencies International.
Bliss-Leavitt Mark 2 torpedo
The Bliss-Leavitt Mark 2 torpedo was a Bliss-Leavitt torpedo adopted by the United States Navy for use in an anti-surface ship role after the E. W. Bliss Company of Brooklyn, New York, which had been building Whitehead torpedoes for the US Navy, began designing and manufacturing their own torpedoes in 1904. It was the first American-built torpedo to feature counter-rotating turbines, each driving a propeller. This design eliminated the unbalanced torque that contributed to the tendency of its predecessor (the Bliss-Leavitt Mark 1 torpedo) to roll.

Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.
MSOL
MSOL may stand for:

Master of Science in Organizational Leadership, a business degree

Microsoft Online Services

Monadic second-order logic, a form of logic in which one can quantify over sets

Msol or solar mass, also written as , a unit of mass used in astronomy

MSOL1 and MSOL2, codes for two Dungeons & Dragons modules

Monadic second-order logic
In mathematical logic, monadic second-order logic (MSO) is the fragment of second-order logic where the second-order quantification is limited to quantification over sets. It is particularly important in the logic of graphs, because of Courcelle's theorem, which provides algorithms for evaluating monadic second-order formulas over graphs of bounded treewidth. It is also of fundamental importance in automata theory, where the Büchi–Elgot–Trakhtenbrot theorem gives a logical characterization of the regular languages.

Second-order logic allows quantification over predicates.  However, MSO is the fragment in which second-order quantification is limited to monadic predicates (predicates having a single argument).  This is often described as quantification over "sets" because monadic predicates are equivalent in expressive power to sets (the set of elements for which the predicate is true).

Monadic second-order logic is expressively equivalent to plural logic.
Steve Lukert
Steve Lukert (December 10, 1947) is a former Democratic member of the Kansas House of Representatives, who represented the 62nd district.  He served from January 3, 2006 - 2011.  Lukert ran for re-election in 2010, but lost to Republican Randy Garber.

Lukert retired from teaching after 32 years, and has been a farmer for 40 years.  He and wife Linda have five children and 10 grandchildren.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the U.S. state of Mississippi; one from each of the state's four congressional districts. Primaries were scheduled for March 10, 2020.

Mississippi's congressional districts
Mississippi is currently divided into four congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2020 census, the number of Mississippi's seats remained unchanged.
2022 Bratislava Open – Doubles
Denys Molchanov and Aleksandr Nedovyesov were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Sriram Balaji and Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan won the title after defeating Vladyslav Manafov and Oleg Prihodko 7–6(8–6), 6–4 in the final.

Vladyslav Manafov
Vladyslav Serhiyovych Manafov (Ukrainian: Владислав Сергійович Манафов; born 22 April 1993 in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian inactive tennis player. Manafov has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 327 achieved on 20 February 2017. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 93 achieved on 7 August 2023.
Sansom & Company
Sansom & Company are art publishers based in Bristol, England. The company specialises in modern British art, and particularly the painters and sculptors of the Cornish art colonies at Newlyn, Lamorna and St Ives. The company has published books on artists related to those colonies such as Lamorna Birch, Elizabeth Forbes, T.C. Gotch, Harold Harvey, Charles Simpson, Tom Early, Bryan Pearce and Alfred Wallis.

The firm was founded in 1995 by John Sansom, who had earlier founded the Redcliffe Press, a company that publishes books about Bristol, and Art Dictionaries Ltd.

Elizabeth Forbes (artist)
Elizabeth Adela Forbes (née Armstrong; 29 December 1859 – 16 March 1912) was a Canadian painter who was primarily active in the UK. She often featured children in her paintings and School Is Out (painted in Newlyn) is one of her most popular works. She was friends with the artists James Abbott McNeill Whistler and Walter Sickert, both of whom influenced her work. Her etchings in particular are said to show the influence of Whistler.

After studying and working in continental Europe, Forbes settled in Newlyn, England, where she raised her son and established a school with her husband, Stanhope Forbes. She had her works exhibited in notable shows and won medals for her works. Her paintings are in collections of museums in Canada, United States and England.
Lis Howell
Lis Howell is director of broadcasting at City, University of London, running the broadcasting and television journalism programmes, and also deputy head of the journalism department. She is a journalist who went on to become a senior executive in British television and also writes murder-mystery novels.

Department of Journalism, City University
The Department of Journalism at City, University of London, is a journalism school in London.  It is regarded as one of the best universities in the United Kingdom for the study of journalism. as well as the nation's largest centre for journalism education.  It was described by Michael Hann of The Guardian, along with Cardiff School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies, as the "Oxbridge of journalism".

The British newspaper The Independent praised its "legendary status within the media", primarily due to its practical approach to journalism and its "unparalleled access to media facilities".

The department is situated in the university's Grade II listed College Building, which dates from 1894.
Isaac ben Moses
Isaac ben Moses can refer to:

Isaac ben Moses Abulafia

Isaac ben Moses Arama

Isaac ben Moses Eli

Isaac ben Moses ha-Levi or Profiat Duran (c. 1350 – 1415), physician and philosopher

Isaac ben Moses of Vienna (c. 1200–70), Viennese rabbi

Isaac ben Moses Solomon Blaser

Yitzchak Blazer
Yitzchak Blazer (Hebrew: יצחק בלאזר) ‎(1837–1907) was an early important leader of the Musar movement.

He is also sometimes referred to as Rabbi Itzele Peterburger due to his position as Chief Rabbi of St. Petersburg at a time when it was the capital of Russia. he married the mother of the Lomza Rav, Rabbi Moshe Shatskesz when his father was niftar becoming the stepfather of Rabbi Moshe Shatzkes.
Pusey Hall (ship)
At least two vessels have been named Pusey Hall (or Pusy Hall), for Pusey Hall Great House, Clarendon Parish, Jamaica:

Pusey Hall (1784 ship), of 200 tons (bm), was launched at Lancaster in 1784 as a West Indiaman. Pusey Hall, R.Simpson, master, was driven ashore at Cape Lookout, North Carolina in 1790. She was on a voyage from Jamaica to Virginia. A source on shipwrecks in the Americas misidentified her as American.

Pusey Hall (1808 ship) was launched at Lancaster in 1808 as a West Indiaman. Between 1830 and 1837 she made two voyages as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. She returned to trade and was wrecked at Patagonia in 1846 while engaged in the guano trade.

Pusey Hall (1808 ship)
Pusey Hall was launched at Lancaster in 1808 as a West Indiaman. Between 1830 and 1837 she made two voyages as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. She returned to trade and was wrecked at Patagonia in 1846 while engaged in the guano trade.
Southeast Minnesota
Southeast Minnesota comprises the corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota south of the Twin Cities metropolitan area extending east, and part of the multi-state area known as the Driftless Area. Rochester is the largest city in the area; other major cities include Winona, Owatonna, Faribault, Northfield, Austin, and Red Wing.

Many places in Southeast Minnesota, like Lanesboro, have become popular tourist destinations. The scenic Mississippi Valley to the Whitewater River and Root River in the Driftless Area (one of the few parts of the state not eroded by glaciers in the last ice age) are among the most visited locations.

Owatonna, Minnesota
Owatonna (/ˌoʊwəˈtɒnə/) is a city in and the county seat of Steele County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 26,420 at the 2020 census. Owatonna is home to the Steele County Fairgrounds, which hosts the Steele County Free Fair in August. Interstate 35 and U.S. Highways 14 and 218 are three of the main routes in the city.
Shivaram Singh Basnyat
Shivaram Singh Basnyat (Nepali: शिवराम सिंह बस्न्यात) was the military commander of Gorkha. After the conquest of Naldum area by the Gorkhalis, he along with Commander Bir Bhadra Thapa conquered Sanga, Panauti, Sankhu and adjacent areas. They received fierce resistance from the Kantipur Kingdom at Sangachok. He died in the defensive battle of Sanga Chowk during Unification of Nepal on 1803 B.S.

Panauti
Panauti (Nepali: पनौती) is a municipality in Kavrepalanchok District in Bagmati Province of Nepal 32 km southeast of the capital, Kathmandu. A medieval architectural complex there was nominated by the Nepalese government as a UNESCO tentative site in 1996.
Ndjili River
The Ndjili River (French: Rivière Ndjili) is a river that flows from the south through the capital city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it joins the Congo River. It separates the districts of Tshangu and Mont Amba.
The river gives its name to the Ndjili commune and to the Ndjili International Airport.

Tshangu District
Tshangu is an area of the capital city of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, comprising five of the city-province's twenty-four administrative divisions—the communes of Kimbanseke, Maluku, Masina, Ndjili and Nsele.  It is one of the four so-called districts of Kinshasa. These were the administrative divisions of Kinshasa during much of the Mobutu years (1965-1997) and around which a number of government systems and services are still organized.  For instance, Tshangu makes up an eighteen-member National Assembly constituency designated as Kinshasa IV.  However, these districts are not part of Congo's territorial organization.
Carulla (surname)
Carulla is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Domingo Carulla (1903–1939), Spanish footballer

Juan Carulla (1888–1968), Argentine physician and politician

Mario Carulla (born 1971), Peruvian badminton player

Montserrat Carulla (1930–2020), Spanish actress

Ramón Alberto Carulla Trujillo (born 1936), Cuban artist

Mario Carulla
Mario Carulla Schultz (born October 26, 1971) is a retired male badminton player from Peru, who won the bronze medal in the men's singles competition and another bronze medal in mixed with Adrienn Kocsis at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Canada. Also a bronze medal in men's singles at the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata, Argentina. He represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.
Suratissa
Suratissa (Sinhala:සූරතිස්ස) was an early monarch of Sri Lanka in the Kingdom of Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura from 247 BC to 237 BC. He was a son of Mutasiva and a brother of Devanampiya Tissa, Uttiya, Mahasiva, Asela and Mahanaga. Suratissa was defeated and killed in battle by two South Indian Tamil invaders Sena and Guttika who usurped the Sinhalese throne and held power over Anuradhapura. This marked the first historically recorded instance of Tamil rule in Sri Lanka. Sinhala rule was re-established in 215 BC by Suratissa's younger brother Asela.

Mahanaga, Prince of Ruhuna
Mahanaga was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the Kingdom of Ruhuna in the southern region of the island. He is the founder of the Ruhuna. The Kingdom of Ruhuna was in some periods a client state loyal to the King of Anuradhapura and in some periods a country independent of it.
Harris Salleh
Tan Sri Dato' Seri Harris bin Mohd Salleh (born 4 November 1930) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th Chief Minister of Sabah from June 1976 to April 1985. During his tenure, he ceded the island of Labuan, which used to be part of the state of Sabah, to the federal Government, making it the second federal territory of Malaysia. He was also the founding President of the Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA).

Malay styles and titles
The Malay language has a complex system of styles, titles and honorifics which are used extensively in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore.

Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, few provinces in the Philippines and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent.

In Malaysia, all non-hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man.