hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yaroslavna of Halych
Yaroslavna of Halych, was a Hungarian queen consort, married to King Stephen III of Hungary. She was a daughter of Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl of Halych. The marriage took place in 1167 and repudiated in 1168.

Yaroslav Osmomysl
Yaroslav Osmomysl (Old East Slavic: Осмомыслъ Ярославъ, Osmomyslŭ Jaroslavŭ; Ukrainian: Ярослав Володимирович Осмомисл, Yaroslav Volodymyrovych Osmomysl) (c. 1135 – 1 October 1187) was a knyaz of Halych (now in western Ukraine). He is best-known for appearing in The Tale of Igor's Campaign. His sobriquet, meaning "Eight-Minded" in Old East Slavic, was granted to him in recognition of his wisdom. Some scholars even assert that Yaroslav was fluent in eight foreign languages. Also a great reformer.
Access to medicines
Access to medicines refers to the reasonable ability for people to get needed medicines required to achieve health. Such access is deemed to be part of the right to health as supported by international law since 1946.

The World Health Organization states that essential medicines should be available, of good quality, and accessible. Reasonable access to medicines can be in conflict with intellectual property and free markets. In the developing world people may not get treatment for conditions like HIV/AIDS.

Cepheid (company)
Cepheid is an American molecular diagnostics company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of Danaher Corporation. Its systems automate traditional nucleic acid tests (tests for specific sequences of DNA or RNA). The tests can be used to identify and analyze pathogens and genetic disorders. Cepheid sells clinical tests for healthcare-associated infections, infectious diseases, sexual health, oncology and genetics.

The cartridges used in Cepheid's testing machines are single-use and must be bought from the manufacturer. The company has been accused of profiteering, particularly in developing countries, by pricing the cartridges at many times the cost of production, and engaging in price discrimination.
Argoncilhe
Argoncilhe (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐɾɣõˈsiʎɨ]) is a Portuguese civil parish in the municipality (concelho) of Santa Maria da Feira. The population in 2011 was 8,420, in an area of 8.21 km2. It is located near the city of Porto.

Santa Maria da Feira
Santa Maria da Feira (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃tɐ mɐˈɾi.ɐ ðɐ ˈfɐjɾɐ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in Aveiro District in Portugal, 23 km from central Porto. The population in 2011 was 139,309, in an area of 215.88 km².
1909 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1909 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 22nd All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1909 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at the Cork Athletic Grounds, Cork, on 12 December 1909 between Kilkenny, represented by a club side from Mooncoin, and Tipperary, represented by club side Thurles. The Munster champions lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 4–6 to 0–12.

This was Tipperary's first defeat in an All-Ireland final.

Thurles Sarsfields GAA
Thurles Sarsfields is a Tipperary GAA club which is located in County Tipperary, Ireland. Both hurling and Gaelic football are played in the "Mid-Tipperary" divisional competitions. The club is centred in the town of Thurles at Semple Stadium. The club was founded in 1881 and is the most honoured club in the county, with 36 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship titles. Thurles Sarsfields are affiliated with the town's juvenile club Dúrlas Óg.
Dovzhenko
Dovzhenko (Ukrainian: Довженко) is a Ukrainian surname derived from the adjective довгий ("long").

The surname is used by the following people:

Alexander Dovzhenko (1894–1956), Soviet-Ukrainian film director

Alexander Dovzhenko (1918–1995), Soviet-Ukrainian psychiatrist

Grigoriy Dovzhenko (1899–1980), Ukrainian muralist

Olexandr Dovzhenko, Ukrainian poker player

Sergei Dovzhenko (born 1972), Ukrainian serial killer

Tetiana Dovzhenko (born 2002), Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast

Alexander Dovzhenko
Alexander Petrovich Dovzhenko, also Oleksandr Petrovych Dovzhenko (Russian: Александр Петрович Довженко, Ukrainian: Олександр Петрович Довженко; September 10 [O.S. August 29] 1894 – November 25, 1956), was a Soviet film director and screenwriter of Ukrainian origin. He is often cited as one of the most important early Soviet filmmakers, alongside Sergei Eisenstein, Dziga Vertov, and Vsevolod Pudovkin, as well as being a pioneer of Soviet montage theory.
Sombrero Playhouse
The Sombrero Playhouse was a regional theatre in Phoenix, Arizona. It was built in March 1949, the first legitimate professional theater in Phoenix, though the city did have a long tradition of Little Theater. Major Broadway and Hollywood stars of the time performed on stage at the Sombrero, including Katharine Cornell, Helen Hayes, Kirk Douglas, Milton Berle, Billie Burke, Burgess Meredith, Walter Pidgeon, Tom Drake, Vincent Price, and Mary Astor. Despite its limited capacity, it was one of the most widely-known regional theaters in the Western United States during the 1950s and early 1960s. It presented recent Broadway hits (sometimes while they were still playing there), revivals, and on several occasions original productions that then went on national tour.

After 20 seasons of presenting plays, the Sombrero "went dark" after the 1968 season, became an art film house in 1976, before being sold and demolished in 1982.

Milton Berle
Milton Berle (born Mendel Berlinger; Yiddish: ‏מענדעל בערלינגער; July 12, 1908 – March 27, 2002) was an American actor and comedian. His career as an entertainer spanned over eight decades, first in silent films and on stage as a child actor, then in radio, movies and television. As the host of NBC's Texaco Star Theatre (1948–1953), he was the first major American television star and was known to millions of viewers as "Uncle Miltie" and "Mr. Television" during the first Golden Age of Television. He was honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in both radio and TV.
David Martin (South Carolina politician)
David Martin  is an American politician. He is a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 26th District, serving since 2024. The District includes Fort Mill between I-77 and Lancaster County. Martin is a member of the Republican party.

Fort Mill, South Carolina
Fort Mill, also known as Fort Mill Township, is a town in York County, South Carolina, United States. It is a suburb of Charlotte, North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population of the town was 24,521. Some businesses and residents in the Indian Land community of neighboring Lancaster County share a Fort Mill mailing address, but the official town boundary extends only within York County.
Hounviguè
Houinviguè is an arrondissement in the Ouémé department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Bonou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 3688.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
Garima Arora
Garima Arora is an Indian master chef, judge hotelier, restaurateur and business woman. She earned her first Michelin star in 2018 for her restaurant Gaa, in Bangkok, becoming the first Indian woman to do so. In 2023, Gaa received its second Michelin star, making it only the second Indian restaurant globally to hold two-Michelin stars and Arora the first female Indian chef to run a two-Michelin star restaurant.

Hotel manager
A hotel manager, hotelier, or lodging manager is a person who manages the operation of a hotel, motel, resort, or other lodging-related establishment. Management of a hotel operation includes, but is not limited to: management of hotel staff, business management, upkeep and sanitary standards of hotel facilities, guest satisfaction and customer service, marketing management, sales management, revenue management, financial accounting, purchasing, and other functions. The title "hotel manager" or "hotelier" often refers to the hotel's general manager who serves as a hotel's head executive, though their duties and responsibilities vary depending on the hotel's size, purpose, and expectations from ownership. The hotel's general manager is often supported by subordinate department managers that are responsible for individual departments and key functions of the hotel operations.
Remedies (Dr. John album)
Remedies is the third album released by New Orleans R&B artist Dr. John. The photography is by Stephen C. LaVere, taken in 1969 at the Whisky a Go Go.

In a 2010 interview with Uncut, Dr. John explained the "bad trip" environment which led to the epic closing track "Angola Anthem":

"My managers put me in a psych ward. These guys were very bad people – I had gotten busted on a deal, and they got me bonded out of jail, and so when they did I could have got a parole violation. All of this stuff was so unconnected to music that it’s hard to relate it. A friend of mine had just come out of doing 40-something years in Angola [the infamous Louisiana State Penitentiary], he was just someone special in my heart – called Tangleye. And Tangleye says, 'I’m gonna sell you this song. Got it in Angola, but ain’t nobody ever cut this song…' Even now guys I know getting out of Angola know this song. It’s still a horrible place to be."

Whisky a Go Go
The Whisky a Go Go (informally nicknamed The Whisky) is a historic nightclub in West Hollywood, California, United States. It is located at 8901 Sunset Boulevard on the Sunset Strip, corner North Clark Street, opposite North San Vicente Boulevard, northwest corner. The club played a central role in the Los Angeles music scene from the 1960s through the 1990s.
October 1967 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, October 18, 1967, with an umbral magnitude of 1.1426. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring only about 22 hours before apogee (on October 19, 1967, at 8:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This lunar eclipse was the second of a tetrad, with four total lunar eclipses in series, the others being on April 24, 1967; April 13, 1968; and October 6, 1968.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.
GR 36
The GR 36 is a long-distance walking route of the Grande Randonnée network in France. The route connects Ouistreham, on the Normandy coast of the English Channel, with Bourg-Madame, on the Pyrenees border with Spain.

Along the way, the route passes through:

Ouistreham

Caen

Le Mans

Saumur

Thouars

Parthenay

Niort

Angoulême

Périgueux

Cahors

Albi

Carcassonne

Bourg-Madame

Niort
Niort (French pronunciation: [njɔʁ] ⓘ; Poitevin: Niàu; Occitan: Niòrt; Latin: Novioritum) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres.

The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the urban area.
Farouk Kamoun
Farouk Kamoun (born October 20, 1946)  is a Tunisian computer scientist and professor of computer science at the National School of Computer Sciences (ENSI) of Manouba University, Tunisia. He contributed in the late 1970s to significant research in the field of computer networking in relation with the first ARPANET network. He is also one of the pioneers of the development of the Internet in Tunisia in the early 1990s.

Tunisians
Tunisians (Arabic: تونسيون, romanized: Tūnisiyyūn) are the citizens and nationals of Tunisia in North Africa, who speak Tunisian Arabic and share a common Tunisian culture and identity. In addition to the approximately 12 million residents in Tunisia, a Tunisian diaspora has been established with modern migration, particularly in Western Europe, namely France, Italy and Germany. The vast majority of Tunisians are Arabs who adhere to Sunni Islam.
MUTYH
MUTYH (mutY DNA glycosylase) is a human gene that encodes a DNA glycosylase, MUTYH glycosylase. It is involved in oxidative DNA damage repair and is part of the base excision repair pathway. The enzyme excises adenine bases from the DNA backbone at sites where adenine is inappropriately paired with guanine, cytosine, or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, a common form of oxidative DNA damage.

The protein is localized to the nucleus and mitochondria. Mutations in this gene result in heritable predisposition to colon and stomach cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Cytosine
Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine.  In Watson–Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.
Spaghettieis
Spaghettieis (German pronunciation: [ʃpaˈɡɛtiˌaɪs]), or spaghetti ice cream, is an Italo-German ice cream dish made to resemble a plate of spaghetti. In the dish, vanilla ice cream is extruded through a modified Spätzle press or potato ricer, giving it the appearance of spaghetti. It is then placed over whipped cream and topped with strawberry sauce (to simulate tomato sauce) and either coconut flakes, grated almonds, or white chocolate shavings to represent the parmesan cheese. Besides the usual dish with strawberry sauce, one may also find variations like ice cream with dark chocolate and nuts, simulating spaghetti carbonara instead of spaghetti bolognese. A few American variations on the recipe also exist that utilize small pieces of brownies to make the spaghettieis resemble spaghetti and meatballs.

Strawberry sauce
Strawberry sauce is a culinary sauce and coulis prepared using strawberries as the main ingredient. It is typically used as a dessert sauce, although it can also be used on savory dishes. Simple versions can be prepared using blended, macerated, or crushed strawberries and sugar, along with some cornstarch as a thickener. This simple mixture can be cooked to marry the ingredient flavors and to enable the cornstarch to thicken if used. Lemon juice is also sometimes used as an ingredient. Fresh or frozen strawberries can be used in its preparation.

Strawberry syrup is a type of strawberry sauce. It is a mass-produced food product that is packed into plastic containers and bottles and provided to consumers, businesses, and food manufacturers. The syrup is used in the manufacturing of strawberry sodas.
Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i
Tahir ibn Mohammad ibn Ibrahim (Bokhari) or Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i was a Persian physician in the 10th century. He was the disciple of Rhazes.
Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari cited him in his book Hidayat al-Muta`allemin Fi al-Tibb as "Master":

What I'm saying here is from my master Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i whose name is Tahir and he was disciple of Al-razi

Hidayat al-Mutaʽallemin fi al-Ṭibb
Hidayat al-Mutaʽallemin fi al-Ṭibb (Arabic: هداية المتعلمين في الطب; lit. A Guide to Medical Learners) is a medical guide written in Persian. The author is Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari (also spelled Al-Akhawayni Bukhari, ?-983 AD).

It was one of the first Iranian Islamic medical textbooks. The book contains articles about the elements, temperaments, humors, hygiene, anatomy, physiology, pathology, signs and symptoms of diseases and  treatment of many diseases.

Akhawayni Bukhari  was the first  physician  in  Iran and Near East that  provided  a  practical classification  for mental disorders. The description of Akhawayni from clinical signs and  symptoms  of patients that suffer from melancholia  is attractive in history of  psychology.

Several libraries and cultural institutes have copies of the book, including the Bodleian Library in England, the library at Fatih, Istanbul, and the Malek National Library and Museum in Tehran.
David Tinling-Widdrington
Lieutenant-General Sir David Latimer Tinling-Widdrington KCH (1758 – 30 July 1839) was a senior officer in the British Army. His surname was originally Tinling, but he adopted Tinling-Widdrington on marrying his wife Sarah Teasdale in 1784, who was a co-heiress to the estates of her uncles John and Nathaniel Widdrington. However, in 1809 he was granted permission to have his children styled as simply Widdrington.

He joined the Army in 1777, serving at Gibraltar, in the West Indies, Flanders and at Menorca; he commanded a battalion of the 17th Foot. He finished his active service in Gibraltar.
He was promoted Lieutenant General 27 May 1825.
He was awarded KCH and in 1833 and knighted.
He died on 30 July 1839 in his son's house in Bexley, Kent and was buried in the graveyard at St Mary's Church, Bexley. His eldest son was Major George John Widdrington who died of wounds received at the Battle of Vitoria in 1813, in northern Spain, aged 26.

Battle of Vitoria
At the Battle of Vitoria (21 June 1813), a British, Portuguese and Spanish army under the Marquess of Wellington broke the French army under King Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan near Vitoria in Spain, eventually leading to victory in the Peninsular War.
Inktomi (crater)
Inktomi, informally nicknamed the Splat, is a prominent rayed impact crater 47.2 kilometres (29.3 mi) in diameter located in the southern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Rhea. The crater is named for the Lakota spider-god Iktomi and is located at 14.1 S, 112.1 W. Inktomi is thought to be the youngest major surface feature on Rhea, with estimates ranging from 8 to 280 million years.

Iktomi
In Lakota mythology, Iktómi is a spider-trickster spirit, and a culture hero for the Lakota people. Alternate names for Iktómi include Ikto, Ictinike, Ksa , Inktomi, Unktome, and Unktomi. These names are due to the differences in languages between different indigenous nations, as this spider deity was known throughout many of North America's tribes.

His appearance is that of a spider, but he can take any shape, including that of a human. When he is a human he is said to wear red, yellow and white paint, with black rings around his eyes.
DVONN
DVONN is a two-player strategy board game in which the objective is to accumulate pieces in stacks.  It was released in 2001 by Kris Burm as the fourth game in the GIPF Project. DVONN won the 2002 International Gamers Award and the Games magazine Game of the Year Award in 2003.

Games World of Puzzles
Games World of Puzzles is an American games and puzzle magazine. Originally the merger of two other puzzle magazines spun off from its parent publication Games magazine in the early 1990s, Games World of Puzzles was reunited with Games in October 2014.

The entire magazine interior is now newsprint (as opposed to the part-glossy/part-newsprint format of the original Games) and the puzzles and articles that originally sandwiched the "Pencilwise" section are now themselves sandwiched by the main puzzle pages, replacing the "feature puzzle" section (they are still full-color, unlike the two-color "Pencilwise" sections.) The recombined title assumed the same 9-issue-per-year publication schedule as the original Games.
Winchester Short Magnum
Winchester Short Magnum, or WSM, refers to a family of rebated bottlenecked centerfire short magnum cartridges developed in the early 2000s by the U.S. Repeating Arms Company, the maker of Winchester rifles and one of the oldest firearms manufacturers in the United States. All of the WSM cartridges are inspired on the .404 Jeffery non-belted magnum cartridge which is shortened to fit a short rifle action (such as a .308 Winchester).

It was developed by Rick Jamison in 1997-1998 as shown in the 2003 lawsuit Jamison vs. Olin Corporation-Winchester division.  Jamison was given 7 patents on the cartridge design. U.S. Repeating Arms Company used the same concept and the same base case in creating its even shorter Winchester Super Short Magnum cartridges, three of which were introduced in 2003 and 2004.

.308 Winchester
The .308 Winchester is a smokeless powder rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge widely used for hunting, target shooting, police, military, and personal protection applications globally. It is similar, but not identical, to the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.
Macif
MACIF (Mutuelle assurance des commerçants et industriels de France et des cadres et des salariés de l'industrie et du commerce) is a French mutual insurance company. It was founded in 1960 in Niort.

It is a member of Euresa, an international "business club" of mutual and cooperative insurance groups.

Niort
Niort (French pronunciation: [njɔʁ] ⓘ; Poitevin: Niàu; Occitan: Niòrt; Latin: Novioritum) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres.

The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the urban area.
Secondary crater
Secondary craters are impact craters formed by the ejecta that was thrown out of a larger crater. They sometimes form radial crater chains. In addition, secondary craters are often seen as clusters or rays surrounding primary craters. The study of secondary craters exploded around the mid-twentieth century when researchers studying surface craters to predict the age of planetary bodies realized that secondary craters contaminated the crater statistics of a body's crater count.

Ejecta
Ejecta (Latin for 'things thrown out'; sing. ejectum) are particles ejected from an area. In volcanology, in particular, the term refers to particles including pyroclastic materials (tephra) that came out of a volcanic explosion and magma eruption volcanic vent, or crater, has traveled through the air or water, and fell back to the ground surface or ocean floor.
Ryes War Cemetery
Ryes War Cemetery is a Second World War cemetery of Commonwealth soldiers located close to the commune of Bazenville, 8 km (5.0 mi) east of Bayeux, Normandy, France. The graveyard contains 653 Commonwealth war graves, one Polish and 335 German war graves. The cemetery is maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Bazenville
Bazenville (French pronunciation: [bazɑ̃vil] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France.

Bazenville Airfield was a former World War II Advanced Landing Ground, mostly located outside the commune of Bazenville 1.8 km to the north-east.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Bazenvillais or Bazenvillaises.