hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melissococcus
Melissococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped lactic acid bacteria within the family Enterococcaceae. Melissococcus species were classified as Streptococcus until 1983 when Melissococcus was recognized as a distinct genus. Notable species include M. plutonius, which is a cause of European foulbrood (an infectious disease that primarily affects honeybees).

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
William E. Forsythe
William Elmer Forsythe (August 22, 1881 — June 30, 1969) was an American physicist and president of the Optical Society of America.

Forsythe received his bachelor's degree from Denison University and went on to obtain a Master's and PhD at the University of Wisconsin. He was awarded the honorary degree of doctor of science from Kenyon College in 1926. In 1924 he was appointed director of the NELA Research Laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II he was associated with the Office of Scientific Research and Development as well as the National Defense Research Committee. He was elected member emeritus and fellow of the Illuminating Engineering Society. He served as president of the Optical Society of America from 1926 to 1927.

He died on June 30, 1969.

Denison University
Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, United States. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. It was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of William S. Denison, a major early benefactor. The college enrolled 2,300 students in fall 2023. Students choose from 65 academic programs.

The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 26 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association.
Peter Hobbs (rugby union)
Peter Graham Hobbs (19 March 1911 – 27 May 1942) was an English international rugby union player.

Hobbs was the middle-born son of Army officer Reginald Hobbs. The eldest of his two brothers, Reginald Jr, also played rugby and was capped for England. He attended Wellington College, where he was a member of the first XV.

An Army major, Hobbs played his rugby in inter-services matches and for Richmond. He was unable to replicate his brother in playing for England, but earned Kent representative honours, and in 1936 toured Argentina as a member of British Lions, with the international against the Pumas amongst his five tour appearances in the back of the scrum.

Hobbs served as a Brigade Major in the Royal Horse Artillery, 7th Armoured Division, and was killed in action near Bir Hakeim, Libya, in 1942. His younger brother, William, died the following year while serving in Tunisia.

Reginald Hobbs
Major-General Reginald Geoffrey Stirling Hobbs, CB, DSO, OBE (8 August 1908 − 7 November 1977) was a British Army officer who served as Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst from 1954 to 1957.
Duncan Hamilton McAlister
Duncan Hamilton McAlister (January 18, 1872 – March 6, 1932) was a physician and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented King's and Albert in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1911 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Belleisle, New Brunswick, the son of Walter McAlister, of Scottish descent, and was educated at the Pictou Academy, Dalhousie University and McGill University. In 1898, he married Isabel Read. McAlister was an alderman for Sussex from 1902 to 1906. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1908. McAlister was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1911 and in the federal riding of Royal in 1921, 1925 and 1926. He died in Sussex at the age of 60.

King's and Albert
King's and Albert was a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1917.

This riding was created in 1903 from King's and Albert ridings. It consisted of the county of King's and the county of Albert.

It was abolished in 1914 when it was redistributed into Royal and St. John—Albert ridings.
Gunn and Hubbard Blocks
The Gunn and Hubbard Blocks are a pair of historic commercial-residential buildings at 463-477 State Street in the Old Hill section of Springfield, Massachusetts.  Located across the street from the Springfield Armory, they were built in the 1830s, and are two of the oldest commercial buildings in Springfield.  The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Old Hill, Springfield, Massachusetts
Old Hill is one of the seventeen neighborhoods of Springfield, Massachusetts. It is composed, almost entirely, of Victorian buildings overlooking Springfield's Metro Center.

At the start of the twenty-first century, the Old Hill neighborhood struggled to maintain its vitality. Drugs and traffic had become a problem. Despite that, Old Hill had neighborhood groups and committed residents, numerous religious organizations, supportive neighborhood businesses, and Springfield College, all of which banded together to revitalize the neighborhood. Currently, crime is down 50%, and many of Old Hill's "Painted Lady" Victorians are being restored.
Diva Hadamira Gastélum
Diva Hadamira Gastélum Bajo (born 30 July 1961) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

She has served in both chambers of Congress:
in the 2009 mid-terms she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Sinaloa's 4th district during the 61st Congress,
and in the 2012 general election she was elected to the Senate as a national-list senator, where she served during the 62nd and 63rd Congresses.

4th federal electoral district of Sinaloa
The 4th federal electoral district of Sinaloa (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 04 de Sinaloa) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of seven such districts in the state of Sinaloa.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Felicita Pompa Robles of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Allan Zullo
Allan Zullo (born November 23, 1947) is an American non-fiction writer. He is the author or co-author of more than 120 paperbacks for adults and younger readers on a broad range of subjects for general audiences.

Zullo has several notable books, including the Haunted Kids series. He also co-wrote with The Baseball Hall of Shame and Baseball Confidential Bruce Nash, and A Boomer's Guide to Grandparenting with his wife Kathryn.

In addition to writing books, Zullo created a comic strip, The Ghost Story Club, which was published in American newspapers from 1995–98.

Zullo was raised in Rockford, Illinois and attended Northern Illinois University, earning a degree in journalism in 1969.

Northern Illinois University
Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois, United States. It was founded as "Northern Illinois State Normal School" in 1895 by Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld, initially to provide the state with college-educated teachers. In addition to the main campus in DeKalb, it has satellite centers in Chicago, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon, Illinois.

The university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges and has a student body of approximately 16,000. NIU is one of seven public universities in Illinois that compete in NCAA Division I. The athletic teams are known as the Huskies and compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC).
Tomohiro Ito
Tomohiro Ito (伊藤 友広, Itō Tomohiro) (born 16 August 1982) is a Japanese sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.

He finished fourth in 4x400 m relay at the 2004 Olympic Games, together with teammates Yuki Yamaguchi, Jun Osakada and Mitsuhiro Sato.

His personal best time is 45.63 seconds, achieved in October 2003 in Fukuroi.

Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics
At the 2004 Summer Olympics, the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29, except for the marathons (run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium), the race walks (on the streets of Athens), and the shot put (held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium). A total of 46 events were contested, of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes.
Stylidium subg. Tolypangium
Tolypangium is a subgenus of the genus Stylidium that is characterized by ovoid to longish capsules. This subgenus was part of the earliest taxonomic division among the triggerplants (genus Stylidium). Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher first split the genus into two subgenera in 1838: Tolypangium with its ovoid capsules and Nitrangium with its linear capsules. Subsequent authors generally followed this classification, which is based almost entirely on the features of the capsule. Recent genetic analysis, combined with an exhaustive morphological comparison, has revealed that the classification defined by Johannes Mildbraed in 1908 is not the most accurate description of how the members of different subgenera and sections are related. As part of the Flora of Australia series, Juliet Wege will be reviewing and updating the taxonomy of the Stylidiaceae.

Johannes Mildbraed
Gottfried Wilhelm Johannes Mildbraed (19 December 1879 – 24 December 1954) was a German botanist who specialized in mosses, ferns, and various spermatophytes. He is well known for authoring the most current monograph and taxonomic treatment of the family Stylidiaceae in 1908 as part of the unfinished Das Pflanzenreich series. The genus Mildbraediodendron was named in honor of him.
Dwarf galaxy problem
The dwarf galaxy problem, also known as the missing satellites problem, arises from a mismatch between observed dwarf galaxy numbers and collisionless numerical cosmological simulations that predict the evolution of the distribution of matter in the universe. In simulations, dark matter clusters hierarchically, in ever increasing numbers of halo "blobs" as halos' components' sizes become smaller-and-smaller. However, although there seem to be enough observed normal-sized galaxies to match the simulated distribution of dark matter halos of comparable mass, the number of observed dwarf galaxies is orders of magnitude lower than expected from such simulation. Observations from 2024 suggest that this problem may be resolved for the Milky Way, but some simulations show that the problem of observing too few satellites still exists for other galaxies.

Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.
Counthill School
Counthill School formerly a high-achieving Grammar School, was a mixed gender secondary school for 11- to 16-year-olds in the Moorside area of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. The school had approximately 900 pupils on roll and its motto was Animo Atque Fide. Although sometimes mistakenly thought to be the highest secondary school above sea level in the country, the site sits between 280 and 285 metres, which is lower than others such as Buxton Community School at 320 metres.

Moorside, Greater Manchester
Moorside is a suburb of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England.

It is located in the north east of the township in a semi-rural locality bordering Saddleworth, contiguous with Sholver which lies to the west.

The area has many suburban houses and a few council houses. The centre of Moorside is at Ripponden Road where the Co-op and  local businesses are. The biggest church in Moorside is Saint Thomas'.
1990 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles
Stefan Edberg defeated Andre Agassi in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 7–6(7–1), 7–6(8–6) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1990 Indian Wells Masters.

Miloslav Mečíř was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Richey Reneberg.

Richey Reneberg
Richey Reneberg (born October 5, 1965) is an American former professional tennis player.

He attended Southern Methodist University, where he was a three-time All-American and reached the 1986 National Collegiate Athletic Association finals.

He was the ATP Newcomer of the Year when he turned professional in 1987.

He and his partner Jim Grabb were ranked world No. 1 in doubles and won the 1992 US Open doubles title. His career-high singles ranking in the ATP Tour was world  No. 20. He won a second doubles Grand Slam title with Jared Palmer, at the 1995 Australian Open.

The right-hander represented the United States at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta where he was defeated as the 11th seed in the first round by India's Leander Paes. He also played on the American Davis Cup team.
Line perfect graph
In graph theory, a line perfect graph is a graph whose line graph is a perfect graph. Equivalently, these are the graphs in which every odd-length simple cycle is a triangle.

A graph is line perfect if and only if each of its biconnected components is a bipartite graph, the complete graph K4, or a triangular book K1,1,n. Because these three types of biconnected component are all perfect graphs themselves, every line perfect graph is itself perfect. By similar reasoning, every line perfect graph is a parity graph, a Meyniel graph, and a perfectly orderable graph.

Line perfect graphs generalize the bipartite graphs, and share with them the properties that the maximum matching and minimum vertex cover have the same size, and that the chromatic index equals the maximum degree.

Complete graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete graph is a simple undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a unique edge.  A complete digraph is a directed graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a pair of unique edges (one in each direction).

Graph theory itself is typically dated as beginning with Leonhard Euler's 1736 work on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg. However, drawings of complete graphs, with their vertices placed on the points of a regular polygon, had already appeared in the 13th century, in the work of Ramon Llull. Such a drawing is sometimes referred to as a mystic rose.
Ziyodakhon Isakova
Ziyodakhon Isakova (Uzbek: Зиёдахон Исоқова, romanized: Ziyodaxon Isoqova; born 14 February 1998) is an Uzbekistani parataekwondo practitioner. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the –49 kg category, having qualified via World Ranking. Isakova also won the silver medal at the 2022 Asian Para Games in the 47 kg event. She competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in the –52 kg category, winning silver.

Taekwondo at the 2022 Asian Para Games
Taekwondo made its debut as an Asian Para Games sport during the 2022 version of the games, held in Hangzhou, China. 77 fighters from 17 nations took part in the competition, fighting in ten weight categories. Competitors qualified under the K44 designation, which includes athletes with unilateral arm amputation or similar imparemnet, or loss of toes affecting the ability to lift the heel.

Before the tournament, Uzbekistan, Iran and Mongolia were favourites to win medals. By the end of the tournament, Iran had won the most medals, followed by China and Uzbekistan, with Mongolia coming fourth. Nepal’s Palesha Goverdhan claimed her country’s first ever international medal in Taekwondo, winning a bronze medal in the women’s 57kg class.
La Complainte de l'heure de pointe
"La complainte de l'heure de pointe (À vélo dans Paris)" is a song by Joe Dassin from his 1972 album Joe.

The song was based on the song "La Di Li La Di Lo" written by Chris Juwens and Leon Deane and originally released by Jeremias. It was adapted into French by Richelle Dassin et Claude Lemesle.

Released in 1973 as a single, in France it was number one on the singles sales chart for one week from February 12 to 18, 1973.

Joe Dassin
Joseph Ira Dassin (November 5, 1938 – August 20, 1980) was an American singer-songwriter. He sang in multiple languages but found his greatest successes in France and the French-speaking world. In total, he sold nearly 25 million records worldwide.
Tatarsk, Novosibirsk Oblast
Tatarsk (Russian: Тата́рск; Siberian Tatar: Татарка, Tatarka) is a town in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, located 457 kilometers (284 mi) west of Novosibirsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 24,217 (2010 Census); 26,051 (2002 Census); 30,355 (1989 Soviet census); 31,000 (1974).

Siberian Tatar language
Siberian Tatar (Себертатарца, Sebertatartsa) is a Turkic language spoken by about 140,000 people in Western Siberia, Russia, primarily in the oblasts of Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo Oblasts, but also in Sverdlovsk Oblast. According to Marcel Erdal, due to its particular characteristics, Siberian Tatar can be considered as a bridge between Kipchak and Siberian Turkic languages.
USS English
27°06′N 127°38′E﻿ / ﻿27.1°N 127.63°E﻿ / 27.1; 127.63

USS English (DD-696) was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer. She was named for Rear Admiral Robert Henry English, a submariner who commanded the light cruiser Helena and had been awarded the Navy Cross and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. English died in the crash of Pan Am Flight 1104 on 21 January 1943.

USS English saw combat in World War II and the Korean War and later participated in the Cuban Missile Crisis during the Cold War. She was transferred to the Republic of China Navy in 1970 and renamed Huei Yang, serving until she was decommissioned in 1999. She was sunk as a target in 2003.

Pan Am Flight V-1104
Pan Am Flight V-1104, trip no. 62100, was a Martin M-130 flying boat nicknamed the Philippine Clipper that crashed on the morning of January 21, 1943, in Northern California. The aircraft was operated by Pan American Airways, and was carrying ten US Navy personnel from Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to San Francisco, California. The aircraft crashed in poor weather into mountainous terrain about 7 mi (11 km) southwest of Ukiah, California.
1948 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1948 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 22nd series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 15 February 1948 and 17 March 1948 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.

Connacht entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Munster at the semi-final stage.

On 17 March 1948, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 5-05 to 3-05 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 16th Railway Cup title overall and their first Railway Cup title since 1946. The attendance of 37,103 set a new record for the Railway Cup finals.

Leinster's Jackie Cahill (3-00) and Munster's Christy Ring (1-06) were the Railway Cup top scorers.

Leinster GAA
The Leinster Council is  a provincial council of the Gaelic Athletic Association sports of hurling, Gaelic football, camogie, rounders and handball in the province of Leinster.

As of 2008, there were 834 clubs affiliated to the county boards of the Leinster Council.
Satch Plays Fats
Satch Plays Fats: A Tribute to the Immortal Fats Waller by Louis Armstrong and His All-Stars is an album by the American musician Louis Armstrong, released in 1955. It was intended to be part of a series of "Plays" albums, before money issues ended the idea. Along with Louis Armstrong Plays W.C. Handy, the album marked a popular comeback for Armstrong's music. The album peaked at No. 10 on Billboard's Popular Albums chart.

Ain't Misbehavin' (song)
"Ain't Misbehavin'" is a 1929 stride jazz/early swing song. Andy Razaf wrote the lyrics to a score by Thomas "Fats" Waller and Harry Brooks for the Broadway musical comedy play Connie's Hot Chocolates. It was published by Mills Music.

As a work from 1929 with its copyright renewed, it entered the American public domain on January 1, 2025.
Coleophora linosyridella
Coleophora linosyridella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Germany to the Pyrenees and Italy and from Great Britain to Romania.

The wingspan is 11.5-13.5 mm. Adults are on wing from late June to August in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Aster linosyris, Aster sedifolius and Aster tripolium. Mining occurs up to April.

Galatella linosyris
Galatella linosyris (also called goldilocks aster, and often known by the synonyms Aster linosyris and Crinitaria linosyris) is a species of perennial plant from family Asteraceae found in Eastern, Central and Southern Europe. It can also be found in Great Britain, the southern part of Scandinavia and in Asia Minor. The flowers are yellow coloured. The species have stems up to 10–50 centimetres (3.9–19.7 in), with leaves that are lanceolate. The plant does not have ray flowers, only disk florets. It blooms from July to September. The fruits are achenes. The species is under protection in the Czech Republic.
Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1922–1925
This is a list of the members of the Australian House of Representatives in the ninth Australian Parliament, which was elected at the 1922 election on 16 December 1922. The incumbent Nationalist Party of Australia led by Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes lost its majority. However the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Matthew Charlton did not take office as the Nationalists sought a coalition with the Country Party led by Earle Page, however the Country Party made Hughes's resignation the price for joining. Hughes was replaced by Stanley Bruce.

Matthew Charlton
Matthew Charlton (15 March 1866 – 8 December 1948) was an Australian politician who served as leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and Leader of the Opposition from 1922 to 1928. He led the party to defeat at the 1922 and 1925 federal elections.

Charlton was born in Linton, Victoria, but as a child moved to Lambton, New South Wales. He left school at a young age to work in the coal mines, initially as a hurrier. Charlton became prominent in the trade union movement, and in 1903 was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Labor Party. He switched to federal parliament in 1910. Charlton was an anti-conscriptionist, and remained with Labor after the party split of 1916. He was elected party leader in early 1922, following the death of Frank Tudor. He increased Labor's vote at the 1922 election but suffered a backwards slide in 1925. He resigned as leader in early 1928, succeeded by James Scullin, and left politics later that year.