hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qaṣr al-Badi'a
Qaṣr al-Badi'a (Arabic: قصر البديعة, romanized: Qaṣr al-Badiʿa) is a royal palace in the al-Badi'ah neighbourhood in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was erected outside the old town in the 1930s at the behest of King ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ibn Saud. The building stands on the bank of Wadi Hanifa. It served as a guesthouse for visiting dignitaries and as the king's summer residence. From 1954 the building served as a police station and school. More recently it has been restored with documentation carried out by Dārah, the King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives.

King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives
The King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (KAFRA) (Arabic: دارة الملك عبد العزيز), commonly known as the Darah, is a cultural institution in the Al Murabba neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It stands between the Murabba Palace compound and the National Museum and includes the King Abdulaziz Memorial Hall and the King Abdulaziz Private Library. The foundation was established in September 1972 through a royal decree by King Faisal, was later incorporated into the King Abdulaziz Historical Center in 1999.

Its primary role is the collections management and preservation of documents and archives pertaining to King Abdulaziz, the first monarch of Saudi Arabia, his successors and the national history in general.

The chairman of the foundation is Faisal bin Salman Al Saud who was appointed to the post on 12 December 2023.
Gesang der Verklärten
Gesang der Verklärten (Chant of the Transfigured), Op. 71, is a composition by Max Reger for a mixed five-part choir and orchestra, a late Romantic setting of a poem by Carl Busse. Reger composed the work in 1903. He dedicated it to "Meiner geliebten Frau Elsa" (My beloved wife Elsa). It was published in 1905 and first performed in Aachen on 18 January 1906 by the municipal choir and orchestra, conducted by Eberhard Schwickerath.

20th-century classical music
20th-century classical music is  Western art music that was written between 1901 and 2000, inclusive. Musical style diverged during the 20th century as it never had previously, so this century was without a dominant style. Modernism, impressionism, and post-romanticism can all be traced to the decades before the turn of the 20th century, but can be included because they evolved beyond the musical boundaries of the 19th-century styles that were part of the earlier common practice period. neoclassicism and expressionism came mostly after 1900. Minimalism started later in the century and can be seen as a change from the modern to postmodern era, although some date postmodernism from as early as about 1930. Aleatory, atonality, serialism, musique concrète, and electronic music were all developed during the century. Jazz and ethnic folk music became important influences on many composers during this century.
Homeland Security Advisory System
In the United States, the Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS) was a color-coded terrorism threat advisory scale created in March 2002 under the Bush administration in response to the September 11 attacks. The different levels triggered specific actions by federal agencies and state and local governments, and they affected the level of security at some airports and other public facilities.  It was often called the "terror alert level" by the U.S. media. The system was replaced on April 27, 2011, with a new system called the National Terrorism Advisory System.

Self-defence in international law
International law recognizes a right of self-defence according to the Chapter VII, Article 51 of the UN Charter, as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) affirmed in the Nicaragua Case on the use of force. Some commentators believe that the effect of Article 51 is only to preserve this right when an armed attack occurs, and that other acts of self-defence are banned by article 2(4). Another view is that Article 51 acknowledges the previously existing customary international law right and then proceeds to lay down procedures for the specific situation when an armed attack does occur. Under the latter interpretation, the legitimate use of self-defence in situations when an armed attack has not actually occurred is still permitted, as in the Caroline case noted below. Not every act of violence will constitute an armed attack. The ICJ has tried to clarify, in Nicaragua Case, what level of force is necessary to qualify as an armed attack.
Samuel Burke
Samuel Burke (born 1985/1986) is a business and technology correspondent who has anchored programs on both CNN International and CNN en Español. He is host of the CNN series "Suddenly Family - DNA Discoveries with Samuel Burke." He's also hosted the program iReport in English and the Cyber Café  daily on the Spanish-language morning program CafeCNN. Previously, he served as producer for war correspondent Christiane Amanpour. In 2014, he won an Outstanding Entertainment Program Emmy Award for his reports on the technology show CLIX. In 2016, he won the Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Morning Program for his role hosting Café CNN.

CNN en Español
Cable News Network en Español (CNN en Español, stylized as CN͠N) is a Pan-American Spanish-language news channel, owned by CNN Worldwide, a news division for Warner Bros. Discovery. It was launched on pay television, on March 17, 1997.
FUNTORO
Funtoro is a Micro-Star International subsidiary that provides telematics and infotainment solutions for commercial vehicles and venues. It designs, develops and supplies fleet management services, a cloud management platform, digital advertisement solutions, infotainment products, stadium & arena products and hospitality products to commercial sectors, public transportation and automotive industries. An estimated 1,000,000+ terminals across 38+ countries run the system on commercial vehicles, railway, stadium and other venues. Its clients include Mercedes Benz, MAN, Scania and IRIZAR.

Commercial vehicle
A commercial vehicle is any type of motor vehicle used for transporting goods or paying passengers. Depending on laws and designations, a commercial vehicle can be any broad type of motor vehicle used commercially or for business purposes.
Harry Gaspar
Harry Lambert Gaspar (April 28, 1883 – May 14, 1940) was an American professional baseball player.  He was a right-handed pitcher over parts of four seasons (1909–1912) with the Cincinnati Reds.  For his career, he compiled a 46–48 record in 143 appearances, with a 2.69 earned run average and 228 strikeouts.

In 1909, pitching for the Waterloo Lulus of the Class D level Central Association, Gaspar helped the Lulus to the championship as he led the Central Association in wins with a 32–4 record and a league leading 2.17 ERA. Gaspar made his major league debut with the Cincinnati Reds in 1909, after his Central Association season.

During his major league career, Gaspar operated a photography business called Gaspar Studio in Le Mars, Iowa. Later, Gaspar later co-owned and managed the Gaspar-Anderson Bowling Alleys in Santa Ana, California, where he died in 1940.

Gaspar was born in Kingsley, Iowa, and later died in Orange, California at the age of 57.

Central Association
The Central Association was an American minor league baseball league.  The Central Association began play in 1908, evolving from the 1907 Iowa State League. The Central Association played continuously through 1917 before folding. The league reformed in 1947, operating as a Class C level league from 1947 to 1949, with major league affiliates for most teams.

Baseball Hall of Fame members Grover Cleveland Alexander (Galesburg), Jake Beckley (Hannibal), Burleigh Grimes (Ottumwa) and Sam Rice (Galesburg and Muscatine) are league alumni.
Open de France Dames
The Open de France Dames is a women's professional golf tournament in France on the Ladies European Tour. It has been played annually since 1987, with four exceptions: 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1998.

Since the 2011 edition, Lacoste has been the title sponsor of the event. Between 2012 and 2017 the tournament was held at Golf de Chantaco, near Saint-Jean-de-Luz in the Basque Country, which belongs to the Lacoste family. As Chantaco underwent construction works after the 2017 event, the tournament was moved to the Golf du Médoc Resort and later to Golf Barrière Deauville in Normandy.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
Criticism of religion
Criticism of religion is the criticism of the validity, concept, or ideas of religion. Historical records of criticism of religion go back to at least the 5th century BCE in ancient Greece, in Athens specifically, with Diagoras "the Atheist" of Melos. In ancient Rome, an early known example is Lucretius' De rerum natura from the 1st century BCE.

Every exclusive religion on Earth (as well as every exclusive world view) that promotes exclusive truth-claims necessarily denigrates the truth-claims of other religions. Thus, some criticisms of religion become criticisms of one or more aspects of a specific religious tradition. Critics of religion in general may view religion as any number of the following: outdated, harmful to the individual, harmful to society, an impediment to the progress of science or humanity, a source of immoral acts or customs, and a political tool for social control.

Immorality
Immorality is the violation of moral laws, norms or standards. It refers to an agent doing or thinking something they know or believe to be wrong. Immorality is normally applied to people or actions, or in a broader sense, it can be applied to groups or corporate bodies, and works of art.
Fever Records
Fever Records is a New York City record label of the 1980s, founded by promoter Sal Abbatiello.

The label was marketed and distributed by Sutra Records until the latter went under, which precipitated a distribution deal with Russell Simmons's RAL division of Def Jam Recordings.

Fever Records is best known for the recording artists The Cover Girls, Lissette Melendez and Lil Suzy. The releases distributed by Sutra are now controlled by Warlock Records/Traffic Entertainment group.

Lisette Melendez
Lisette Melendez (born August 20, 1967) is an American freestyle/Latin pop/dance-pop singer. She is best known for her Top 40 hit "Together Forever", which reached No. 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1991, and its follow-up "A Day In My Life (Without You)", which peaked at No. 49.
Ariodant
Ariodant is an opéra comique (drame mêlé de musique) in three acts by the French composer Étienne Méhul first performed at the Théâtre Favart in Paris on 11 October 1799. The libretto, by François-Benoît Hoffman is based on the same episode in Ariosto's Orlando Furioso that also inspired Handel's opera Ariodante. The work had a profound influence on the development of Romantic opera, particularly in Germany.

Ludovico Ariosto
Ludovico Ariosto (UK: /æriˈɒstoʊ/, US: /ɑːriˈ-/; Italian: [ludoˈviːko aˈrjɔsto, - ariˈɔsto]; 8 September 1474 – 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic Orlando Furioso (1516). The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato, describes the adventures of Charlemagne, Orlando, and the Franks as they battle against the Saracens with diversions into many sideplots. The poem is transformed into a satire of the chivalric tradition. Ariosto composed the poem in the ottava rima rhyme scheme and introduced narrative commentary throughout the work.

Ariosto also coined the term "humanism" (in Italian, umanesimo) for choosing to focus upon the strengths and potential of humanity, rather than only upon its role as subordinate to God. This led to Renaissance humanism.
Taiwan Journal
Taiwan Journal (Chinese: 台灣紀事報; pinyin: Táiwān Jìshìbào) is an English-language weekly newspaper published by the Government Information Office of the Republic of China (Taiwan). The newspaper, with both print and online editions, is published every Friday, 51 issues per year (no publication during the Lunar New Year week), with National Day and occasional special editions.

The weekly ceased publication May 22, 2009, and was relaunched June 1, 2009, as Taiwan Today, an English-language news portal.

Instead of weekly postings, the new site includes daily updates of 12 political, economic, social and cultural news stories Monday through Friday ("In the News"); photos of the day ("Snapshots"); as well as weekly opinion pieces and features offering analyses and reports on current affairs ("Opinion" and "Features").

Lunar New Year in Taiwan
Lunar New Year (Chinese: 臺灣農曆新年; pinyin: Táiwān Nónglì Xīnnián; lit. 'Taiwanese Agricultural Calendar New Year') is a traditional festival and national holiday in Taiwan commemorating the first day of the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar.
Robert H. Birch
Robert H. "Three-Fingered" Birch, born Robert Henry Birch (c. 1827 – c. 1866), was a 19th-century American adventurer, criminal, soldier, lawman, postmaster, and prospector. He was a member of the infamous "Banditti of the Prairie" in his youth, whose involvement in the torture-murder of Colonel George Davenport in 1845 led to his turning state's evidence against his co-conspirators. Birch was also the discoverer of the Pinos Altos gold mine with Jacob Snively and James W. Hicks. During the American Civil War, he served in the American Southwest with the Confederate forces of the Arizona Rangers and 2nd Texas Cavalry.

Turn state's evidence
A criminal turns state's evidence by admitting guilt and testifying as a witness for the state against their associate(s) or accomplice(s), often in exchange for leniency in sentencing or immunity from prosecution. The testimony of a witness who testifies against co-conspirator(s) may be important evidence.

According to a 2008 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime document, persons who turn state's evidence "are known by a variety of names, including cooperating witnesses, crown witnesses, snitches, witness collaborators, justice collaborators, state witnesses, 'supergrasses', macarons and pentiti (Italian for 'those who have repented')."
2019 Arizona Lottery 100
The 2019 Arizona Lottery 100 was the fourteenth and final stock car race of the 2019 NASCAR K&N Pro Series West season. The race was held on Saturday, November 9, 2019, in Avondale, Arizona, at Phoenix Raceway, a 1 mile (1.6 km) paved racetrack. The race 108 laps to complete due to a Green–white–checker finish. At race's end, Ty Gibbs took the victory in his first career NASCAR K&N Pro Series West start. To fill out the podium, Sam Mayer of GMS Racing and Derek Kraus of Bill McAnally Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Green–white–checkered finish
In North American auto racing, a green–white–checker finish (GWC) is a racing restart procedure in which the race is restarted from a caution period with 2 laps remaining. When the race distance is extended to accommodate such a finish, it is also sometimes known as an overtime finish. The name alludes to three racing flags:

Green flag: shown to start or restart the race

White flag: shown at the start of the last lap

Checkered flag: shown at the finish of the race

The prescribed number of final laps is usually two. If a caution flag is shown within the specified number of laps of the scheduled finish, then the number of remaining laps will not be decremented until the green flag is shown again. The exact provisions vary between organizations. For some years after 2007, NASCAR on Fox referred to the extra laps after the scheduled number as Overdrive, an allusion to the term overtime used in many other sports. NASCAR officially adopted the term "NASCAR Overtime" in 2016.
2025 COSAFA Women's Championship
The 2025 COSAFA Women's Championship, officially known as the 2025 Hollywoodbets COSAFA Women's Championship for sponsorship purposes, is the thirteenth edition of the COSAFA Women's Championship, the annual international women's association football championship was contested by the women's national teams of Southern Africa. Initially set to be held in the fall of 2025, the tournament was pushed to early 2026 due to the host's unavailability. South Africa will host the tournament for the eighth straight edition from 18 February to 1 March 2026.

Zambia were the defending champions, having won their second title after beating South Africa 4–3 on penalties following a scoreless draw.

Zambia women's national football team
The Zambia women's national association football team represents Zambia in association football, participating in qualifying tournaments for the FIFA Women's World Cup and other African-based competitions. Nicknamed Copper Queens. It made its debut in the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, becoming the first landlocked nation in Africa to qualify for a senior World Cup in either men's or women's soccer.
Franchere, Alberta
Franchere (sometimes Franchère) is an unincorporated community in central Alberta in the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87, located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of Highway 28A, 59 kilometres (37 mi) west of Cold Lake.

The hamlet shares its name with nearby Franchere Bay, the northwest arm of nearby Moose Lake. Both are named for Gabriel Franchère, who visited the area in 1814 on his journey from Fort Astoria to Montreal.

54°16′04″N 111°01′55″W﻿ / ﻿54.26778°N 111.03194°W﻿ / 54.26778; -111.03194﻿ (Franchere)

Gabriel Franchère
Gabriel Franchère ( 3 November 1786 – 12 April 1863) was a French Canadian author and explorer of the Pacific Northwest.

Franchère was born in Montreal to Gabriel Franchère (4 March 1752 – 16 May 1832) and Marie-Félicité Morin (20 August 1760 – 28 September 1807). He later joined the Pacific Fur Company as a merchant apprentice, arriving at Fort Astoria on the Tonquin. After Astoria was sold to the North West Company, Franchère returned to Montreal overland in 1814. He was employed for a time by John Jacob Astor in Montreal. He wrote Narrative of a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America, which was published in 1819. This work was translated into English and edited in 1851, and later re-released as part of the General Series of the Champlain Society in 1969. The untranslated version was one of Washington Irving's sources for his book Astoria.

The mountain Franchère Peak in the Canadian Rockies was named in his honor in 1917.
It's About Time (Jonas Brothers album)
It's About Time is the debut studio album from the Jonas Brothers. It was released on August 8, 2006, through Columbia Records. The album was released through Columbia's Daylight Records imprint. A DualDisc of this version of the album was also released. The DualDisc version contains the complete 3-part video for the album's lead single "Mandy".

After Columbia Records dropped the group from their roster list, they signed with Hollywood. Hollywood received the rights to distribute the single "Year 3000" which was also released on the group's first Hollywood Records album. The album also managed to sell 123,000 copies in the US.

In August 2012, the Jonas Brothers announced the vinyl re-release of the album exclusively in the 2012 gift for premium members of Team Jonas along with a digital download with each vinyl album.

Hollywood Records
Hollywood Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group which focuses on pop, rock, alternative, hip hop and country genres, also specializing in recordings for a more mature audience not suitable for the flagship Walt Disney Records label.

Founded in December 1989, its current roster includes Sofia Carson, Tini, Kevin Jonas, Area21, Queen, Little Image, Almost Monday, Joywave, Andy Grammer, Adrian Lyles, Freya Skye, and Kenzie. The label also releases soundtrack albums and digital releases from Marvel Studios, 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, ABC, National Geographic, Hulu, 20th Television, Freeform, FX Productions, and ESPN since their acquisitions by The Walt Disney Company.
Peter Murdoch (politician)
Peter Murdoch (16 October 1865 – 24 October 1948) was an Australian politician. Born in Hobart, he was a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1922, when he was elected as a Nationalist member for Franklin. He left the Nationalist Party to become an independent in 1925 and was re-elected at that year's election, but he was defeated at the 1928 state election. After unsuccessfully contesting the 1929 by-election for the federal seat of Franklin, he retired from politics. Murdoch died in Hobart in 1948.

Nationalist Party (Australia)
The Nationalist Party, also known as the National Party, was an Australian political party. It was formed in February 1917 from a merger between the Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the latter formed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes and his supporters after the 1916 Labor Party split over World War I conscription. The Nationalist Party was established as a 'united' non-Labor opposition that had remained a political trend once the Labor party established itself in federal politics. The party  was in government (from 1923 in coalition with the Country Party) until electoral defeat in 1929. From that time it was the main opposition to the Labor Party until it merged with pro-Joseph Lyons Labor defectors to form the United Australia Party (UAP) in 1931. The party is a direct ancestor of the Liberal Party of Australia, the main centre-right party in Australia.
Betsako
Betsako is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Mahajanga II, which is a part of Boeny. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 7,000 in a 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority (94%) of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is tomatoes, while other important products are mangoes, cassava and sweet potatoes.  Services provide employment for 1% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 5% of the population.

Boeny
Boeny is a region in northwestern Madagascar. It borders Sofia Region to the northeast, Betsiboka to the south and Melaky to the southwest. The capital of the region is Mahajanga, and the population was 931,171 in 2018. The area of Boeny is 31,046 km2 (11,987 sq mi).
Neuve-Chapelle Indian Memorial
The Neuve-Chapelle Indian Memorial is a World War I memorial in France, located on the outskirts of the commune of Neuve-Chapelle, in the département of Pas-de-Calais. The memorial commemorates some 4,742 Indian soldiers (including Nepal) with no known grave, who fell in battle while fighting for the British Indian Army in the First World War. The location of the memorial was chosen because of the participation by Indian troops at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle.

Indian Army during World War I
The Indian Army, also called the British Indian Army, was involved in World War I as part of the British Empire. More than one million Indian troops served overseas, of whom more than 60,000 died during the war.

In World War I the Indian Army fought against the German Empire on the Western Front. At the First Battle of Ypres, Khudadad Khan became the first Indian to be awarded a Victoria Cross. Indian divisions were also sent to Egypt, Gallipoli, German East Africa and nearly 700,000 served in Mesopotamia against the Ottoman Empire. While some divisions were sent overseas others had to remain in India guarding the North West Frontier and on internal security and training duties.

Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from 1942 asserted that the British "couldn't have come through both World War I and II if they hadn't had the Indian Army."