hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tully Sparks
Thomas Frank "Tully" Sparks (December 12, 1874 – July 15, 1937) was an American professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1897 to 1910. Sparks played for the Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, Milwaukee Brewers, New York Giants, and Boston Americans.  He was an alumnus of Beloit College.

In 1899, while with the Pirates, Sparks led the National League in relief innings pitched and ERA.

After retirement, Sparks worked a variety of careers, including cotton sales, real estate and ore salesman before making a career as an insurance executive. He settled in Anniston, Alabama in 1931 with a local insurance firm. On June 28, 1937, Sparks was diagnosed with heart disease, dying on July 15 at the age of 62. His body was interred at Edgemont Cemetery in Anniston.

Beloit College
Beloit College is a private liberal arts college in Beloit, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1846 when Wisconsin was still a territory, it is the state's oldest continuously operated college. It has an enrollment of roughly 1,000 undergraduate students.
Kirov, Kaluga Oblast
Kirov (Russian: Ки́ров) is a town and the administrative center of Kirovsky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Bolva River (Desna's tributary) 160 kilometers (99 mi) southwest of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 28,097 (2021 Census); 31,882 (2010 Census); 38,893 (2002 Census); 35,962 (1989 Soviet census). 29,000 (1970).

Kaluga Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: Калу́жская о́бласть, romanized: Kaluzhskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904.
1955 NAIA basketball tournament
The 1955 NAIA basketball tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 18th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format.

The 1955 tournament featured four of the all-time leading scorers, two single-game best tournament performances, and most free throws made in tournament history.

The championship game featured East Texas State (now Texas A&M-Commerce) and Southeastern Oklahoma State. East Texas State defeated SEOSU, 71–54. The other teams in the NAIA Semifinals were Western Illinois State and Arkansas Tech. The Leathernecks defeated the Wonder Boys for the third place title, 77–74.

Western Illinois Leathernecks men's basketball
The Western Illinois Leathernecks men's basketball team represents Western Illinois University of Macomb, Illinois, in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college basketball competition. As of the 2023–24 NCAA season, the Leathernecks compete in the Ohio Valley Conference.
First Term Sejm
The Sejm of the Republic of Poland of the First Term (Polish: Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej I kadencji was active from 25 November 1991 to 31 May 1993. It was formed following the 1991 Polish parliamentary election.

Christian National Union
The Christian National Union (Polish: Zjednoczenie Chrześcijańsko-Narodowe, ZChN) was a Christian-democratic and nationalist political party in Poland. Established on 15 September 1989, the party traced its tradition to the Solidarity movement (both the trade union and the Solidarity Citizens' Committee), as well as pre-World War II National Democracy and Polish Christian Democratic Party. The party adhered to the Christian right, advocating social conservatism. From its foundation until 1994, the party was led by Wiesław Chrzanowski, who was Marshal of the Sejm in 1991–1993.
Lorenzo D'Addario
Lieutenant General Lorenzo D’Addario (born 1964) is a member of the Italian Armed Forces, 23rd Commander of the Kosovo Force and at present Commander of NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Italy and of the new Allied Reaction Force (ARF).

Allied Reaction Force
The Allied Reaction Force (ARF) is a rapidly-deployable North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) intervention force of division strength within the framework of the new NATO Force Model (NFM). Set up following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the ARF replaced the NATO Response Force (NRF) and its Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF) in 2024.
Plinius (crater)
Plinius is a prominent lunar impact crater on the border between Mare Serenitatis to the north and Mare Tranquilitatis to the south. Its diameter is 41 km. The crater is named after the Roman natural scientist and author Pliny the Elder. To the south-southeast of Plinius is the crater Ross, and to the northeast is Dawes. Just to the north is a system of rilles named the Rimae Plinius and touching it is the Brackett crater which is more than a crater diameter north. At the northwest edge of the rille is the Promontorium Archerusia, a cape off the western rim that encloses the Mare Serenitatis.

Plinius is a crater of Eratosthenian age.

Promontorium Archerusia
16°48′N 21°54′E﻿ / ﻿16.8°N 21.9°E﻿ / 16.8; 21.9

Promontorium Archerusia (/ˌɑːrkəˈruːʒə/; Latin for "Cape Archerusia") is a headland on the near side of the Moon. It separates the lunar mares of Mare Serenitatis and Mare Tranquilitatis. Its coordinates are 16°48′N 21°54′E﻿ / ﻿16.8°N 21.9°E﻿ / 16.8; 21.9.

Promontorium Archerusia was named by Johannes Hevelius and is a misspelling of Acherusia, a cape on the Black Sea near Heraclea in ancient Bithynia (now Karadeniz Ereğli in Turkey).
Broadway Limited
The Broadway Limited was a passenger train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) between New York City and Chicago from 1912 to 1995. It was the Pennsylvania's premier train, competing directly with the New York Central Railroad's 20th Century Limited. The Broadway Limited continued operating after the formation of Penn Central (PC) in February 1968, one of the few long-distance trains to do so. PC conveyed the train to Amtrak in 1971, who operated it until 1995. The train's name referred not to Broadway in Manhattan, but rather to the "broad way" of PRR's four-track right-of-way along the majority of its route.

Penn Central Transportation Company
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), each of which were united by large-scale service into the New York metropolitan area and to a lesser extent New England and Chicago.

Barely two years after its formation, the new company failed, representing the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at the time. Penn Central's railroad assets were subsequently nationalized into Conrail along with those of other bankrupt northeastern railroads; its real estate and insurance holdings successfully reorganized into American Premier Underwriters.
Bones (instrument)
The bones, also known as rhythm bones, are a folk instrument that, in their original form, consists of a pair of animal bones, but may also be played on pieces of wood or similar material. Sections of large rib bones and lower leg bones are the most commonly used bones, although wooden sticks shaped like true bones are now more often used. Metal spoons may be used instead, as is common in the United States, known as "playing the spoons". The technique probably arrived in the U.S. via Irish and other European immigrants, and has a history stretching back to ancient China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
They have contributed to many music genres, including 19th century minstrel shows, traditional Irish and Scottish music, the blues, bluegrass, zydeco, French-Canadian music, and music from Cape Breton in Nova Scotia. The clacking of the loose rib bones produces a much sharper sound than the zydeco washboard or frottoir, which mimics rattling a bone up and down a fixed ribcage.

Folk instrument
A folk instrument is a traditional musical instrument that has remained largely restricted to traditional folk music, and is not usually used in the classical music or other elite and formal musical genres of the culture concerned, though related instruments may be.

It can be made from wood, metal or other material; all the major families of instruments are represented. The instruments can be percussion instruments, or different types of flutes or trumpets, or string instruments that are plucked, hammered or use a form of  bow.

Some instruments are referred to as folk instruments because they commonly appear in folk music, even though they are also used in other types of music; for example, the classical violin and the folk fiddle are usually identical.
St John the Baptist's Church, Yarburgh
St John the Baptist's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Yarburgh, Lincolnshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The village lies away from main roads, some 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Louth.

Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust is a registered charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk in England. The charity cares for over 350 churches of architectural, cultural and historic significance, which have been transferred into its care by the Church of England.

The Trust works to prevent any deterioration in the condition of the buildings in its care, and to ensure they are in use as community assets. Local communities are encouraged to use them for activities and events, and the buildings provide an educational resource, allowing children and young people to study history, architecture and other subjects.

Most of the churches saved from closure are Grade I or Grade II* listed. Many are open to visitors as heritage sites, and nearly 2 million people visit the Trust's churches each year. The majority of the churches remain consecrated, though they are not used for regular worship.
Christophe de Menil
Marie-Christophe de Menil (February 5, 1933 – August 5, 2025) was an American heiress, debutante, costume designer and philanthropist. An heiress to the Schlumberger fortune, de Menil also followed in her parents' footsteps to become an art collector. Additionally, for two decades, she was the costume designer for the theater director Robert Wilson. De Menil promoted numerous artists, architects, and designers, including John Cage, Frank Gehry, Willem de Kooning, and Twyla Tharp.

Twyla Tharp
Twyla Tharp (/ˈtwaɪlə ˈθɑːrp/; born July 1, 1941) is an American dancer, choreographer, and author who lives and works in New York City. In 1965 she formed the company Twyla Tharp Dance, which merged with American Ballet Theatre in 1988. She regrouped the company in 1991. Her work often uses classical, jazz, and contemporary pop music.

From 1971 to 1988, Twyla Tharp Dance toured extensively around the world, performing original works. In 1973 Tharp choreographed Deuce Coupe to the music of The Beach Boys for the Joffrey Ballet. Deuce Coupe is considered the first "crossover ballet", a mix of ballet and modern dance. Later she choreographed Push Comes to Shove (1976), which featured Mikhail Baryshnikov and is now thought to be the best example of crossover ballet.

On May 24, 2018, Tharp was awarded an honorary Doctor of Arts degree by Harvard University.
Cape Race Lighthouse
Cape Race Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located at Cape Race on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada. The light's characteristic is a single white flash every 7.5 seconds; additionally, a foghorn may sound a signal of two blasts every 60 seconds. It is located on one of Canada's busiest shipping lanes. The lighthouse is also a tourist attraction.

Foghorn
A foghorn or fog signal is a device that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards such as rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. When visual navigation aids such as lighthouses are obscured, foghorns provide an audible warning of rock outcrops, shoals, headlands, or other dangers to shipping.
Millie's Daughter
Millie's Daughter is a 1947 American drama film directed by Sidney Salkow, from a screenplay by Edward Huebsch, based on the novel of the same name by Donald Henderson Clarke. The film stars Gladys George, Gay Nelson, and Paul Campbell, and was released on March 20, 1947.

Paul Campbell (American actor)
Paul Campbell (February 27, 1923 – March 17, 1999), was an American film actor. He appeared in over 30 films between 1947 and 1959.

Campbell was best known for his work at Columbia Pictures, where he usually portrayed tall, handsome leading men of the western genre. Modern viewers will recognize him as Clarence Cassidy, the cowardly cowboy in The Three Stooges film Merry Mavericks.

Campbell died on March 17, 1999, in New York City.
Bobby Isaac
Robert Vance Isaac (August 1, 1932 – August 14, 1977) was an American stock car racing driver. Isaac made his first NASCAR appearance in 1961, and quickly forged a reputation of one of the toughest competitors of the 1960s and 1970s. He was most famously associated with driving Nord Krauskopf's red No. 71 K&K Insurance Dodge Charger. Isaac was NASCAR's Grand National Series champion in 1970. Isaac abruptly retired from full-time top-level competition in 1973 and died of a heart attack during a late model race at Hickory Motor Speedway in 1977. For his achievements, Isaac was named as one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers and inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame.

NASCAR Grand National Series
The name NASCAR Grand National Series refers to former names of the following NASCAR series:

National-level stock car series:
NASCAR Cup Series (the top NASCAR series, known as NASCAR Grand National Series between 1950 and 1970, then the NASCAR Winston Cup Grand National Series between 1971 and 1986)
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (the second highest NASCAR series, known as NASCAR Busch Grand National Series between 1986 and 2003)

Regional-level stock car series (termed as Grand National Division by NASCAR):
ARCA Menards Series East (known as NASCAR Busch Grand National North Series between 1987 and 1993; later formally known as NASCAR Grand National Division East Series)
ARCA Menards Series West (known as NASCAR Busch Grand National West in 1970; later formally known as NASCAR Grand National Division West Series)
NASCAR Grand National East Series (held in 1972 and 1973)
2020 United States Senate election in New Mexico
The 2020 United States Senate election in New Mexico was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of New Mexico, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

On March 25, 2019, incumbent Democratic Senator Tom Udall announced that he would retire. Udall was the only Democratic senator who did not run for reelection in 2020. Democratic U.S. Representative Ben Ray Luján defeated Mark Ronchetti by a 6.1% margin. Luján underperformed Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden by 4.6%, who won the concurrent presidential election in the state against President Donald Trump by 10.8%.
Ben Ray Luján was the first Hispanic to have won a Senate seat in New Mexico since Joseph Montoya in 1970.

2018 New Mexico elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of New Mexico on November 6, 2018. All of New Mexico's executive officers were up for election, as well as a United States Senate seat, and all of New Mexico's three seats in the United States House of Representatives.
Economies of density
In microeconomics, economies of density are cost savings resulting from spatial proximity of suppliers or providers. Typically higher population densities allow synergies in service provision leading to lower unit costs. If large economies of density exist there is an incentive for firms to concentrate and agglomerate.

Typical examples are found in logistic systems where the distribution or collection of goods is needed, such as solid waste management. Delivering, for instance, mail in an area with many postboxes results in overall cost savings and thus lower delivery costs.

Different network infrastructures such as electricity or gas networks show as well economies of density.

Economies of density are not to be confused with economies of scale where unit costs are not linked to spatial properties.

Unit cost
The unit cost is the price incurred by a company to produce, store and sell one unit of a particular product. Unit costs include all fixed costs and all variable costs involved in production. Cost unit is a form of measurement of volume of production or service.
Pettend
Pettend (Croatian: Petan) is a village in Szigetvári district of Baranya County, Hungary. As of 2012 it had a population of 149.

Pettend lies to the south of the confluence of the Szigetvár and Kistamási rivers.

Baranya County
Baranya (Hungarian: Baranya vármegye, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ ˈvaːrmɛɟɛ]; German: Branau; Croatian: Baranjska županija) is a county (vármegye) in southern Hungary. It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region and the historical Baranya region, which was a county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary dating back to the 11th century. Its current status as one of the 19 counties of Hungary was established in 1950 as part of wider Soviet administrative territorial reform following World War II. Its county seat and largest city is Pécs.

As of 2025, it has a population of 351,158. Of the 19 counties of Hungary (excluding Budapest), it is ranked 10th, both in terms of geographic area and population.
Gather (knitting)
In knitting, a gather draws stitches closer together within a row of knitting.  Common methods include:

In binding, a yarn loop is passed over 2 or more stitches in the same row (usually adjacent to the binding loop); also known as a pullover stitch.

In clustering, the yarn is wound laterally around a set of stitches in the same row, possibly several times; also known as a wrap stitch.

Smocking is a sewing or embroidery technique in which the tiny pleats are drawn together with thread or yarn.  Before the development of elastic, smocking was used to provide a stretchable, flexible panel of fabric.

Smocking
Smocking is an embroidery technique used to gather fabric so that it can stretch. Before elastic, smocking was commonly used in cuffs, bodices, and necklines in garments where buttons were undesirable. Smocking developed in England and has been practised since the Middle Ages and is unusual among embroidery methods in that it was often worn by labourers. Other major embroidery styles are purely decorative and represented status symbols. Smocking was practical for garments to be both form fitting and flexible, hence its name derives from smock — an agricultural labourer's work shirt. Smocking was used most extensively in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Shasta Daylight
The Shasta Daylight was a Southern Pacific Railroad passenger train between Oakland Pier in Oakland, California, and Portland, Oregon. It started on July 10, 1949, and was SP's third "Daylight" streamliner; it had a fast 15-hour-30-minute schedule in either direction for the 713-mile (1,147 km) trip through some of the most beautiful mountain scenery of any train in North America. The Shasta Daylight replaced heavyweight trains on the same route that had taken nearly a day and night to complete the run. The Shasta Daylight was the first diesel powered Daylight and the only Daylight to run beyond California. The scenic route of the Shasta Daylight passed its namesake Mount Shasta in daylight hours.

Streamliner
A streamliner is a vehicle incorporating streamlining in a shape providing reduced air resistance. The term is applied to high-speed railway trainsets of the 1930s to 1950s, and to their successor "bullet trains". Less commonly, the term is applied to fully faired upright and recumbent bicycles. As part of the Streamline Moderne trend, the term was applied to passenger cars, trucks, and other types of light-, medium-, or heavy-duty vehicles, but now vehicle streamlining is so prevalent that it is not an outstanding characteristic. In land speed racing, it is a term applied to the long, slender, custom-built, high-speed vehicles with enclosed wheels.
Punoševac
Punoševac (Serbian Cyrillic: Пунoшeвaц) is a Serbian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dušan Punoševac (born 1991), Serbian footballer

Bratislav Punoševac (born 1987), Serbian footballer

Bratislav Punoševac
Bratislav Punoševac (Serbian Cyrillic: Братислав Пуношевац; born 9 July 1987) is a Serbian retired footballer.

In his home country, Punoševac played for Serbian SuperLiga clubs Napredak Kruševac, Radnički Niš and Borac Čačak. He also spent several years abroad in Romania, Japan, Hungary, Moldova and Kazakhstan, respectively.
Diplazontinae
Diplazontinae is a subfamily of Ichneumonidae.

They are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Syrphidae. Oviposition is into the egg or larva and emergence is from the puparium. Although they are distributed worldwide most species are in the Holarctic region where there are 19 genera.

Diplazontines have 3-toothed mandibles and the first abdominal tergite is  box-like.

Holarctic realm
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers most of North America), and Alfred Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region (which covers  North Africa, and all of Eurasia except for  Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the southern Arabian Peninsula).

These  regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems and the animal and plant communities that depend on them extend across a number of continents and cover large portions of the Holarctic realm. This continuity is the result of those regions’ shared glacial history.
The History of Caves
The History of Caves is a soundtrack by American folk musician Josh Tillman and was released under his own name via Sub Pop. The album is an LP release only and is a "Black Friday exclusive", limited to 2,000 copies. It was recorded as a score for the identically titled short film of his wife, Emma Elizabeth Tillman. Except for the a capella track "Titles Theme For Boy Voices" the album is wholly instrumental. It is the first album released under the name "Josh Tillman".

Asked by Rolling Stone how he came to compose the soundtrack for the film, Tillman answered: "[Emma] just kind of rolled over in bed and asked me to. It's pretty simple. I don't have any real aspirations to score films or anything, but it was an instance where I understood her ... I'm trying to avoid using the word "vision" ... I understood the way in which she wanted to communicate her story."

Record Store Day
Record Store Day is a semi-annual event established in 2008 to "celebrate the culture of the independently owned record store". Held on one Saturday (typically the third) every April and every Black Friday in November, the day brings together fans, artists, and thousands of independent record stores around the world. A number of records are pressed specifically for Record Store Day, with a list of releases for each country, and are only distributed to shops participating in the event.

The event originated in the United States and has expanded internationally, with official organizers in the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Europe, Japan, and Australia.