hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lee Patterson (rugby league)
Lee Patterson is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. He played at club level for St. Helens, Chorley Lynx, Swinton Lions, York City Knights, and Rochdale Hornets, as a wing, or centre.

Somewhat confusingly, there was a professional rugby league player named Lee Paterson, who played during the same period.

Rochdale Hornets
The Rochdale Hornets are a professional rugby league club from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England, competing in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league. The Rochdale Hornets are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league clubs. Their main local rivals are Oldham, Salford Red Devils, Swinton Lions, Halifax and the Huddersfield Giants.
Kursk Front
The Kursk Front was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War.

It was set up on March 23, 1943, following a Stavka directive of March 19 by re-purposing the command cadre of Reserve Front to defend the westernmost sector of the Kursk Salient. It consisted of 38th Army, 60th Army, and 15th Air Army, with another field army to be assigned, probably either the 63rd or 66th. Col. Gen. M.A. Reiter was appointed to command, with Maj. Gen. I.Z. Susaikov as member of the military council and Lt. Gen. L.M. Sandalov as chief of staff.

The new Front was very short lived. Another Stavka directive on March 24 transformed Kursk Front into the new Oryol Front, to be established by March 27. At the same time, 60th Army was transferred to Central Front, and 38th to Voronezh Front. Finally, on March 28, Oryol Front was ordered to be renamed as the new Bryansk Front.

66th Army (Soviet Union)
The 66th Army (Russian: 66-я армия) was a field army of the Red Army. It was established in  August 1942 from the 8th Reserve Army. The 66th Army fought to break through to the Volga to the north of Stalingrad during September and October 1942. During Operation Uranus, the Soviet encirclement of German troops in Stalingrad, 66th Army troops linked up with those of the 62nd Army, forming the inner encirclement. Until February the army fought to destroy the pocket and then was held in reserve. In May 1943 it became the 5th Guards Army for its actions during the Battle of Stalingrad.
D2-like receptor
The D2-like receptors are a subfamily of dopamine receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter dopamine. The D2-like subfamily consists of three G-protein coupled receptors that are coupled to Gi/Go and mediate inhibitory neurotransmission, of which include D2, D3, and D4. For more information, please see the respective main articles of the individual subtypes.

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
Pothole Dome
Pothole Dome is a granite dome on the west side of Tuolumne Meadows, in Yosemite National Park located at Tioga Road mile marker 18. Near Pothole Dome is Marmot Dome. The summit of the dome is easily accessible by foot from a parking area on the Tioga Road at mile marker 18. The view from the summit includes most of Tuolumne Meadows and in the distance, Cathedral Peak. The dome gives evidence of many of the geologic processes at work in Yosemite during and after the last ice age.  In particular, the stranded, rounded boulders from a glacier that has long since retreated, and the water-eroded "potholes" provide evidence of two ways that water can interact with granite.

View from top of Pothole Dome

One of the potholes

Granite dome
Granite domes are domical hills composed of granite with bare rock exposed over most of the surface. Generally, domical features such as these are known as bornhardts. Bornhardts can form in any type of plutonic rock but are typically composed of granite and granitic gneiss. As granitic plutons cool kilometers below the Earth's surface, minerals in the rock crystallize under uniform confining pressure. Erosion brings the rock closer to Earth's surface and the pressure from above the rock decreases; as a result the rock fractures. These fractures are known as exfoliation joints, or sheet fractures, and form in onionlike patterns that are parallel to the land surface. These sheets of rock peel off the exposed surface and in certain conditions develop domical structures. Additional theories on the origin of granite domes involve scarp-retreat and tectonic uplift.
Daniel Franzese
Daniel Franzese (born May 9, 1978) is an American actor best known for his roles in the films Bully and Mean Girls. Franzese is the creator of several live comedy shows, including the 2011 rock opera Jersey Shoresical: A Frickin' Rock Opera! and his one-man stand-up performance I've Never Really Made the Kind of Money to Become a Mess in 2013.

After coming out as gay in 2014, Franzese became more active in the fight for civil and human rights in the LGBTQ community; and through his portrayal of the HIV-positive character Eddie in the second season of the HBO series Looking, and its subsequent series finale television film, Looking: The Movie, he has become a well known AIDS activist in the United States. In 2020, Franzese began hosting a weekly comedy and faith podcast, Yass, Jesus! with former Trinity Broadcasting Network host Azariah Southworth.

Rock opera
A rock opera is a collection of rock music songs, especially a concept album, with lyrics that relate to a common story. The use of various character roles within the song lyrics is a common storytelling device. The success of rock opera has inspired similar works in other musical styles, such as rap opera.

Unlike classical opera, rock operas are typically not scripted for theatrical production, like a classical oratorio, though some have been adapted as rock musicals.
Alexander Mantashev
Alexander Mantashev (Armenian: Ալեքսանդր Մանթաշյանց, Aleksandr Mantashiants; Russian: Александр Иванович Манташев, Aleksandr Ivanovich Mantashev; 3 March 1842 – 19 April 1911) was a prominent Russian oil magnate, industrialist, financier, and a philanthropist of Armenian origin. By the end of his life he had become one of the world's wealthiest individuals.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
Sofa Kings
Sofa Kings is the third extended play by Australian guitar-pop duo Royel Otis. It was announced in January 2023 alongside its second single, and released on 31 March 2023. Following its physical release in July 2023, the EP peaked at number 43 on the ARIA Albums Chart.

At the 2023 ARIA Music Awards, the EP earned the duo a nomination for Breakthrough Artist.

At the AIR Awards of 2024, the album was nominated for Best Independent Rock Album or EP.

Jangle pop
Jangle pop is a subgenre of pop rock and indie rock that emphasizes jangly guitars and 1960s-style pop melodies. The "jangly" guitar sound is characterized by its clean, shimmering and arpeggiated tone, often created using 12-string electric guitars. The term is usually applied to late 1970s/early 1980s bands emerging from the post-punk scene, often influenced by 1960s groups such as the Byrds. Notable acts include Big Star, R.E.M. and the Smiths.
Calvert Cliffs State Park
Calvert Cliffs State Park is a public recreation area in Lusby, Calvert County, Maryland, that protects a portion of the cliffs that extend for 24 miles along the eastern flank of the Calvert Peninsula on the west side of Chesapeake Bay from Chesapeake Beach southward to Drum Point. The state park is known for the abundance of mainly Middle Miocene sub-epoch fossils that can be found on the shoreline.

Chesapeake Beach, Maryland
Chesapeake Beach is a town in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. Its major attractions include the Chesapeake Beach Railway Station, the Chesapeake Beach Rail Trail, a water park, marinas, piers, and charter boat fishing. As of the 2020 census, Chesapeake Beach had a population of 6,356.
Aristonous of Pella
Aristonous of Pella (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστόνους), son of Peisaeus (Πεισαῖος), who was one of the somatophylakes bodyguards of Alexander the Great, distinguished himself greatly on one occasion in India. On the death of Alexander, he was one of the first to propose that the supreme power should be entrusted to Perdiccas. He was subsequently Olympias' general in the war with Cassander; and when Olympias was taken prisoner in 316 BC, he was put to death by order of Cassander.

Aristonous is described as of both Pellaean and Eordaean in origin, which would mean that he was from Eordaea but raised at the court in Pella. According to Plutarch, a certain somatophylax, Aristophanes, took away Alexander's sword when he was quarrelling with Cleitus the Black, but this reference seems to be confused with Aristonous.

Cassander
Cassander (/kəˈsændər/; Ancient Greek: Κάσσανδρος, romanized: Kássandros; c. 355 BC – 297 BC) was king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 305 BC until 297 BC, and de facto ruler of southern Greece from 317 BC until his death.

A son of Antipater and a contemporary of Alexander the Great, Cassander was one of the Diadochi who warred over Alexander's empire following the latter's death in 323 BC. Cassander later seized power by having Alexander's son and heir Alexander IV murdered. While governing Macedonia from 317 BC until 297 BC, Cassander focused on strengthening the northern borders and economic development, while founding or restoring several cities (including Thessalonica, Cassandreia, and Thebes); though his ruthlessness in dealing with political enemies influences assessments of his rule.
Harmonic morphism
In mathematics, a harmonic morphism is a (smooth) map  between Riemannian manifolds that pulls back real-valued harmonic functions on the codomain to harmonic functions on the domain. Harmonic morphisms form a special class of harmonic maps, namely those that are horizontally (weakly) conformal.

In local coordinates,  on  and  on , the harmonicity of  is expressed by the non-linear system

where  and  are the Christoffel symbols on  and , respectively.  The horizontal conformality is given by

where the conformal factor  is a continuous function called the dilation. Harmonic morphisms are therefore solutions to non-linear over-determined systems of partial differential equations, determined by the geometric data of the manifolds involved.  For this reason, they  are difficult to find and have no general existence theory, not even locally.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Ensoniq ES-5506 OTTO
The Ensoniq ES-5506 "OTTO" is a chip used in implementations of sample-based synthesis. Musical instruments and IBM PC compatible sound cards were the most popular applications.

OTTO is capable of altering the pitch and timbre of a digital recording and is capable of operating with up to 32 channels at once. Each channel can have several parameters altered, such as pitch, volume, waveform, and filtering. The chip is a VLSI device designed to be manufactured on a 1.5 micrometre double-metal CMOS process. It consists of approximately 80,000 transistors. It was part of the fourth generation of Ensoniq audio technology.

Very-large-scale integration
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining millions or billions of MOS transistors onto a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when MOS integrated circuit (metal oxide semiconductor) chips were developed and then widely adopted, enabling complex semiconductor and telecommunications technologies. Microprocessors and memory chips are VLSI devices.

Before the introduction of VLSI technology, most ICs had a limited set of functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI enables IC designers to add all of these into one chip.
At sign
The at sign (@) is a typographical symbol used as an accounting and invoice abbreviation meaning "at a rate of" (e.g. 7 widgets @ £2 per widget = £14), and now seen more widely in email addresses and social media platform handles. In English, it is normally read aloud as "at", and is also commonly called the at symbol, commercial at (commat), or address sign. Most languages have their own name for the symbol.

Although not included on the keyboard layout of the earliest commercially successful typewriters, it was on at least one 1889 model and the very successful Underwood models from the "Underwood No. 5" in 1900 onward. It started to be used in email addresses in the 1970s, and is now routinely included on most types of computer keyboards.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
Oxycerites
Oxycerites is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod belonging to the haploceratoid family, Oppeliidae, that lived during the Middle Jurassic.

Shells of Oxycerites are involute, compressed and generally smooth with a sharply rounded venter on the outer rim, deeply impressed dorsum on the inner rim, and a small umbilicus.  
The living chamber takes up slightly more than half a whorl. Oxycerites grew to a diameter of at least 17.5 cm, about 7 inches.

Oppelia and Oecotraustes are similar and closely related forms. Oppelia is smoother, Oecotraustes more strongly ribbed

Haploceratoidea
Haploceratoidea, formerly Haplocerataceae, is an extinct superfamily of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Ammonitida that unites three families, Strigoceratidae, Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae, listed below.

Haploceratoidea begins with all three families in the lower Middle Jurassic, Bajocian.  Strigoceratidae is limited to the Bajocian but Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae extend through the remaining Jurassic, well into the Cretaceous; the Oppeliidae into the middle Albian, the Haplocertidae only into the Valanginian.
Stephen Dent
Stephen Dent (born September 30, 1966) is an American audio engineer and managing director at Daddy's House Recording Studio in New York.  He is a Grammy award nominee (1999) and worked on the platinum album Bad Boys II.

Bad Boys II (soundtrack)
Bad Boys II: The Soundtrack is the soundtrack to Michael Bay's 2003 action-comedy film Bad Boys II. It was released on July 15, 2003 through Bad Boy Records and Universal Records. The album peaked at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 324,000 units in the first week, becoming one of few soundtracks to reach the position. On August 21, 2003, the Recording Industry Association of America certified the album platinum with over one million units shipped.

The first single, Jay-Z's "La-La-La", is the sequel of "Excuse Me Miss" from his album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse. The second single, "Shake Ya Tailfeather", by Nelly, P. Diddy and Murphy Lee, reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and it won Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards.
Gaston Roudès
Gaston Roudès (born 24 March 1878, Béziers, Hérault, France; d. 5 November 1958, Villejuif, Val-de-Marne, France) was a French actor, movie director and screenwriter best known for his silent movies of the 1920s and early 1930s. He directed more than 60 movies between 1911 and 1939.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) (JVM (P)) (transl. 'Jharkhand Development Front (Democratic)') was a state political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand which was founded by former Union Minister and the first Chief Minister of Jharkhand, Babulal Marandi.

Third Vajpayee ministry
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was sworn in as Prime Minister of India for third time on 13 October 1999. Here is the list of ministers in the Third Vajpayee Ministry. During its tenure, this ministry became the largest Union Council of Ministers in India's history, comprising around 88 ministers to managing the broad-based National Democratic Alliance including over two dozen coalition partners.

The cabinet's size was later prompted the 91st Constitutional Amendment in 2003, which capped the number of ministers at 15% of the Lok Sabha strength.
Michael Biehn filmography
Michael Biehn is an American actor, primarily known for his military roles in science fiction films, directed by James Cameron, as: Sgt. Kyle Reese in The Terminator (1984) and its sequel Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991; although he only appeared in Director's cut on Terminator 2), Cpl. Dwayne Hicks in Aliens (1986), and Lt. Coffey in The Abyss (1989). His other films include The Fan (1981), Navy SEALs (1990), Tombstone (1993), The Rock (1996), Megiddo: The Omega Code 2 (2001), and Planet Terror (2007). On television, he has appeared in Hill Street Blues (1984) and Adventure Inc. (2002–2003). Biehn received a Best Actor Saturn Award nomination for Aliens, and received The Life Career Award at the 2011 ceremony.

Navy SEALs (film)
Navy SEALs is a 1990 American military action film, directed by Lewis Teague, written by Chuck Pfarrer and Gary Goldman, and produced by Brenda Feigen and Bernard Williams with consultant William Bradley. The film stars Charlie Sheen, Michael Biehn, Joanne Whalley-Kilmer, Rick Rossovich, Cyril O'Reilly, Bill Paxton, and Dennis Haysbert.
Calhoun County Courthouse (Illinois)
The Calhoun County Courthouse is a government building in Hardin, the county seat of Calhoun County, Illinois, United States.  Built in 1848 and expanded in the 20th century, it remains in use as the county's courthouse.

Calhoun County, Illinois
Calhoun County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,437, making it Illinois’ third-least populous county. Its county seat and biggest community is Hardin, with a population of 801. Its smallest incorporated community is Hamburg, with a population of 99. Calhoun County is at the tip of the peninsula formed by the courses of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers above their confluence and is almost completely surrounded by water. Calhoun County is sparsely populated; it has just five municipalities, all of them villages.

Calhoun County is part of the Metro-East portion of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bodlondeb Woods
Boldondeb Woods is a woodland local nature reserve in Conwy, Wales. Located on the western shore of the Conwy estuary, the woodland is a mix of coniferous and deciduous trees. The woodland covers an area of 7.6 hectares (19 acres) and a number of footpaths run through it.

53°17′10″N 3°49′59″W﻿ / ﻿53.286°N 3.833°W﻿ / 53.286; -3.833

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Li Liping
Li Liping (Chinese: 李丽萍; pinyin: Lǐ Lì píng) (born (1982-07-03)3 July 1982) is a Chinese female former Paralympic sitting volleyball player. She was a part of the China women's national sitting volleyball team.

She competed at the  2004 Summer Paralympics,2008 Summer Paralympics, 2012 Summer Paralympics winning the gold medal, and the 2016 Paralympic Games, winning the silver medal.
On club level she played for Shanghai in 2012.

Sitting volleyball at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Sitting volleyball at the 2016 Summer Paralympics was held from 9 to 18 September at the Riocentro Pavilion 6 in Rio de Janeiro. Two team events were held, one for men and one for women.

In the men's sitting event, Bosnia and Herzegovina were the defending champions. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Iran were the finalists in 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012, with Iran winning in 2000 and 2008 and Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2004 and 2012.

The Rio Games was the fourth time the women's sitting volleyball event was contested. China were the defending champions, having defeated the United States for gold in 2012. Ukraine won bronze in 2012, their first ever medal in the event.

This was the fourth Summer Paralympic Games without standing volleyball events, which had been included from the introduction of volleyball in 1976 (when sitting volleyball was a demonstration event) through 2000.