hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bill Vakaafi Motufoou
Bill Vakaafi Motufoou is a Niuean politician and former Cabinet Minister.

Motufoou was the General Secretary for the Mutalau Village Council and Committee Member of the Niue Island Organic Farming Association (NIOFA) before entering politics.

He was first elected into the Niue Assembly as Assemblyman for the Village of Mutalau in the 1999 Niuean general election. He was re-elected at the 2002 election and appointed Minister of Works, Agriculture and Fisheries in the government of Young Vivian. In 2004 he was the Niuean delegate at the senior officers meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. He was re-elected in 2005 and reappointed to Cabinet. He was re-elected unopposed at the 2008 election, but not appointed to Toke Talagi's cabinet. He finally lost his seat on a coin toss to Maureen Melekitama at the 2017 election.

1999 Niuean general election
General elections were held in Niue on 19 March 1999 to determine the composition of the twenty member national Assembly.  Fourteen incumbents retained their seats, with Premier Frank Lui a notable exception. Following the election, the Niue People's Party was able to form a government, and its leader Sani Lakatani was elected premier, defeating O'Love Jacobsen 14–6.  Former Assembly member Tama Posimani was elected Speaker by an identical margin.
Martin Pall
Martin L. Pall is professor emeritus of biochemistry and basic medical sciences at Washington State University. He is a specialist in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, and the effects of low-intensity microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (MWV-EMF) on the human body. He believes that the expansion of 5G mobile phone networks and the use of wireless technology has negative consequences for human health.

Multiple chemical sensitivity
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is an unrecognized and controversial diagnosis characterized by chronic symptoms attributed to exposure to low levels of commonly used chemicals. Symptoms are typically vague and non-specific. They may include fatigue, headaches, nausea, and dizziness.

Recent imaging studies have shown that it is likely a neurological condition.

MCS is a chronic disease that requires ongoing management.  In the long term, about half of people with MCS get better and about half continue to be affected, sometimes severely.
Wipeout (British game show)
Wipeout is a British television quiz show for BBC One, based on the original American programme of the same name. First shown on 25 May 1994, it ran for nine series: the first four of which aired at primetime and were hosted by Paul Daniels; and the last five at daytime and hosted by Bob Monkhouse, with the final episode airing on 3 December 2002.

Wipeout (1988 game show)
Wipeout is an American game show. Contestants competed to eliminate correct answers to trivia questions from a game board without eliminating incorrect answers, known as "wipeout"s. It aired from September 12, 1988, to June 9, 1989, with Peter Tomarken as host. The series was produced by Dames-Fraser Productions, and was distributed in first-run syndication by Paramount Domestic Television.
James Ashton (politician)
James Ashton (8 May 1864 – 6 August 1939) was an Australian newspaperman, politician and businessman.  As a politician he represented electorates in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1894 to 1907 and later held a seat in the Legislative Council.  Ashton was Minister for Lands in the Carruthers government from 1904 to 1907.

From 1888 to 1892 Ashton was a joint-owner of The Riverine Grazier in Hay and sole proprietor of the Narrandera Argus in Narrandera from 1892 to 1896.  He entered politics as the member for the Hay electorate in July 1894.  After two terms he successfully contested the 1898 election for the Goulburn electorate, remaining the member until 1907.  He was appointed to the Legislative Council in 1907, where he served until 1934. Ashton was a respected businessman who was a director of a number of influential companies.

Double Bay
Double Bay is a harbourside eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 4 kilometres east of the Sydney central business district. It is the administrative centre of the local government area of the Municipality of Woollahra.

Double Bay takes its name from the bay of Sydney Harbour and refers to the two geographical formations between Point Piper and Darling Point, which are interrupted by a miniature point in between. The eastern part is also known as Blackburn Cove. It has some of the most expensive real-estate in Australia and is colloquially often referred to as "Double Pay", a term coined due to the high income of people living there, and the nature of the shopping area which features high-end fashion labels.
Mohammad Nadeem (Pakistani cricketer)
Mohammad Nadeem is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Islamabad in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 1 September 2018. He was the leading wicket-taker for Islamabad in the tournament, with twenty-five dismissals in six matches.

Islamabad cricket team
The Islamabad cricket team is a first-class cricket team based in Islamabad, Pakistan. Its home ground is the Diamond Club Ground in Sector F-8, Islamabad. Beginning with the 2024–25 season, it participates in Pakistan's first-class, List A and Twenty20 competitions. For Twenty20 and List A till 2015-16 season, cricket the team also participated as the Islamabad Leopards in the National T20 Cup and National One-day Championship.

Islamabad was scheduled to play its first two first-class matches in the 1986–87 season in the BCCP President's Cup, but it conceded the matches without playing. It eventually made its first-class debut in 1992–93 in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy, in which it has competed ever since, except for the 2002–03, 2003–04 and 2004–05 seasons.

As of mid-November 2013, Islamabad had played 163 matches, for 39 wins, 54 losses and 70 draws.
Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh
Nursing Studies is an academic unit within the School of Health in Social Science at University of Edinburgh. A teaching unit was established in 1956, the first to be part of a British university. The unit's initial focus was on education for nursing teachers and leaders. In 1960 it offered the first degree courses in nursing in the UK. It became a department of the university in 1965 and six years later gained a Chair of Nursing Studies, which was the first to be established in Europe. The unit also had a Nursing Research Unit, which opened in 1971 and ran for more than twenty years. The unit continues to offer nurse education at undergraduate, postgraduate and research levels.

Annie Altschul
Annie Therese Altschul, CBE, BA, MSc, RGN, RMN, RNT, FRCN (18 February 1919 – 24 December 2001) was Britain's first mental health nurse pioneer; a midwife, researcher, educator, author and a patient advocate, emeritus professor of nursing.
Isa Blagden
Isa or Isabella Jane Blagden (30 June 1816 or 1817 – 20 January 1873) was an English-language novelist, speaker, and poet born in the East Indies or India, who spent much of her life among the English community in Florence. She was notably friendly with the Browning, Bulwer-Lytton and Trollope families.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
Electrochemical dualism
Electrochemical dualism is an obsolete scientific theory in chemistry relevant between around 1800 and around 1830 and pioneered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius. The theory held that all molecules are salts composed of basic and acidic oxides. The compound potassium sulphate for example was viewed as a salt of K2O and SO3. Berzelius based his theory on investigations he conducted in collaboration with Wilhelm Hisinger on certain salts with the newly discovered voltaic pile. They observed that many compounds could be decomposed by an electric current in an acidic component at the positive pole and a basic component at the negative pole. The theory was ultimately challenged and made redundant by radical theory.

Potassium sulfate
Potassium sulfate (US) or potassium sulphate (UK), also called sulphate of potash (SOP), arcanite, or archaically potash of sulfur, is the inorganic compound with formula K2SO4, a white water-soluble solid. It is commonly used in fertilizers, providing both potassium and sulfur.
Brampton West (federal electoral district)
Brampton West (French: Brampton-Ouest) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Its population was 170,422 in 2006, making it the most populous riding in Canada.

The district includes the western part of the city of Brampton excluding the neighbourhood of Madoc.

The electoral district was created in 2003: 72.8% of the population of the riding came from Brampton West—Mississauga, and 27.2% from Brampton Centre. As a result of the 2012 electoral redistribution, this riding lost just over half of its territory, mostly to Brampton South, with portions going to Brampton North.

The Toronto Real Estate Board labels this section as "W24" in their studies.

People of Jamaican ethnic origin make up 13.0% of the riding's population, the highest such percentage in Canada.

2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution
The federal electoral redistribution of 2012 was a redistribution of electoral districts ("ridings") in Canada following the results of the 2011 Canadian census. As a result of amendments to the Constitution Act, 1867, the number of seats in the House of Commons of Canada increased from 308 to 338. The previous electoral redistribution was in 2003.

The redistribution was implemented by proclamation under the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act on October 5, 2013, and came into effect upon the dissolution of the 41st Canadian Parliament on August 2, 2015. The resulting electoral districts and boundaries were used in the 2015, 2019, and 2021 federal elections.

Federal electoral districts were redistributed in 2022, which came into effect upon the dissolution of the 44th Canadian Parliament on April 23, 2025.
A major
A major is a major scale based on A, with the pitches A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative minor is F-sharp minor and its parallel minor is A minor.

The A major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The A harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

In the treble, alto, and bass clefs, the G♯ in the key signature is placed higher than C♯. However, in the tenor clef, it would require a ledger line and so G♯ is placed lower than C♯.

Harmonic major scale
The harmonic major scale is major scale with a lowered sixth. It is a hybrid of the major and harmonic minor scales.

Harmonic major scales are commonly used in jazz and have corollaries in Indian ragas.
Leon Bramson
Leon Bramson (Russian: Лео́нтий Моисе́евич Бра́мсон; born 1869 in Kaunas, then Russian Empire, d. March 2, 1941 in Marseille, France), was a Jewish activist, member of the State Duma of the Russian Empire in 1906-1907, then a leader and organizer of the World ORT.

Attorney and member of the Central Committee of the League for the Attainment of Equal Rights for the Jewish People in Russia, he was elected to the 1906 First Duma elections after an electoral agreement made by the General Jewish Labour Bund with the Lithuanian Labourers' Party (Trudoviks).

He became head of the Russian ORT in 1908 and later of the World ORT when its headquarters moved to Berlin in 1920, and cofounded in 1922 the American ORT Federation with Aaron Syngalowski (1890–1956).

At least two schools still in activity in 2009 bear his name: the Bramson ORT College in New York City and the Lycée Professionnel Léon Bramson ORT in Marseille.

World ORT
ORT (Russian: Общество Ремесленного Труда, romanized: Obshchestvo Remeslenava Truda, lit. 'Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades'), also known as the Organisation for Rehabilitation through Training, is a global education network driven by Jewish values. It promotes education and training in communities worldwide. Its activities throughout its history have spanned more than 100 countries and five continents. It was founded in 1880 in Saint Petersburg to provide professional and vocational training for young Jews.
Henry Salwey
Henry Salwey (1794 – 10 March 1874) was a British Whig politician.

Salwey was first elected Whig MP for Ludlow in 1837, but lost the seat at the  next general election in 1841. Although he regained the seat in 1841, he again lost the next general election in 1852.

Ludlow (UK Parliament constituency)
Ludlow was a constituency in Shropshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was abolished. Subject to minor boundary changes, it was reformed as South Shropshire, first contested in the 2024 general election.
Turners Falls Airport
Turners Falls Airport (FAA LID: 0B5), also referred to as Turners Falls Municipal Airport, is a town owned, public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) north of the central business district of Montague, a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. It is owned by the Town of Montague. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Franklin County, Massachusetts
Franklin County is a nongovernmental county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 71,029, which made it the least populous county on the Massachusetts mainland, and the third least populous county in the state. Its traditional county seat and most populous city is Greenfield. Its largest town by area is New Salem. Franklin County comprises the Greenfield Town, MA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Springfield–Greenfield Town, MA Combined Statistical Area.
Geof Gleeson
Geoffrey Robert Gleeson (1927–1994) was a British judoka. 
Teacher: Trevor Leggett. He went to Japan 1952-55 where he and Charles Palmer were the first westerners to serve as a special research students at the Kodokan Judo Institute. He studied most martial arts: Judo, Kendo, Aikido, Bōjutsu, Jujitsu, Karate, and also studied Zen Buddhism. First kenshusei post World War II. Posthumously awarded 9th Dan.

He won two silver medals at the 1951 European Judo Championships in the 3rd dan and open classes.

He was captain of the first British team to win the European championships and was appointed national coach in 1960.

Kendo
Kendo (Japanese: 剣道, Hepburn: Kendō; lit. 'sword way'  or 'sword path'  or 'way of the sword') is a modern Japanese martial art, descended from kenjutsu (one of the old Japanese martial arts, swordsmanship), that uses bamboo swords (shinai) as well as protective armor (bōgu). It began as samurai warriors' customary swordsmanship exercises, and today, it is widely practiced within Japan and has spread to many other nations across the world.
Kidron, Israel
Kidron (Hebrew: קִדְרוֹן) is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Shephelah just east of Gedera, and near the Tel Nof Airbase, it falls under the jurisdiction of Brenner Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,626.

Shephelah
The Shephelah (Biblical Hebrew: הַשְּפֵלָה, romanized: hašŠəp̄ēlā, lit. 'the Lowlands') or Shfela (Modern Hebrew: הַשְּׁפֵלָה, romanized: haŠfelá), or the Judaean Foothills (Modern Hebrew: שְׁפֵלַת יְהוּדָה, romanized: Šfelát Yəhūdá), is a transitional region of soft-sloping rolling hills in south-central Israel stretching over 10–15 km (6.2–9.3 mi) between the Judaean Mountains and the Coastal Plain. The different use of the term "Judean Plain", as either defining just the Coastal Plain segment stretching along the Judaean Mountains, or also including, or only referring to, the Shfela, often creates grave confusion.

Today the Shfela is largely rural with many farms, but the cities of Ashdod, Ashkelon, Rehovot, Beit Shemesh, and Kiryat Gat roughly surround it.

The Bible assigned land in the Shfela to the tribes of Judah and Dan.
Rodrigues scops owl
The Rodrigues scops owl (Otus murivorus), also known as Rodrigues owl, Rodrigues lizard owl, Leguat's owl, or (somewhat misleadingly) Rodrigues little owl, is an extinct species of small owl. It lived on the Mascarene island of Rodrigues before going extinct. It is part of the three Mascarene owls, formerly classified in the genus Mascarenotus, although they are now classified in the genus Otus. Like many of the Mascarene land-birds, the genus was a distinct relative to South-East Asian taxa, in this case apparently being a descendant of the direct ancestor of the Oriental scops owl. This insular scops owl had evolved gigantism, becoming twice as large and four times heavier than its continental ancestor.

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
Via Gemina
Via Gemina was the Roman road linking Aquileia and Emona (the modern Ljubljana). It was built in 14 AD by the legio XIII Gemina. In spite of the name given by its constructors it was said it took its name, the "twin road", from the circumstance that it departed from Aquileia along with the Via Postumia.

The road went from Aquileia and followed the Vipava Valley between the mouth of the river Vipava into the Soča at Pons Sonti (Gradisca d'Isonzo) and the later town Vipava, through the Karst district to Nauportus and Emona (Ljubljana), forming a first itinerary of the Amber Road, which left the Roman territory at Carnuntum.

Nauportus had been plundered by the road builders in 14 AD, according to Tacitus.

Carnuntum
Carnuntum (from Ancient Greek  Καρνοῦς (Carnous) according to Ptolemy) was a Roman legionary fortress (Latin: castra legionis) and headquarters of the Pannonian fleet from 50 AD. After the 1st century, it was capital of the Pannonia Superior province. It also became a large city of approximately 50,000 inhabitants.

Its impressive remains are situated on the Danube in Lower Austria halfway between Vienna and Bratislava in the Carnuntum Archaeological Park extending over an area of 10 km2 near today's villages of Petronell-Carnuntum and Bad Deutsch-Altenburg.
1879 Haddington Burghs by-election
The 1879 Haddington Burghs by-election was fought on 25 February 1879.  The by-election was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, William Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale.  It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir David Wedderburn.

William Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale
William Montagu Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale, KT, DL (29 January 1826 – 25 November 1911), known before 1878 as Lord William Hay or Lord William Montagu Hay, was a Scottish landowner, peer and politician. He was born at Yester House, near Gifford, East Lothian, and served in British India as a member of the Bengal Civil Service and later as a Liberal Member of Parliament.

In 1878 he succeeded his brother as Marquess of Tweeddale and as owner of some 40,000 acres in Scotland. He went on to become Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and was appointed a Knight of the Thistle.
Plateau striped whiptail
The plateau striped whiptail (Aspidoscelis velox) is a species of teiid lizard found in Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico in the United States. It was introduced to Cove Palisades State Park the state of Oregon as early as the 1960s; it has since persisted, with its range expanding locally to the surrounding areas.

Teiidae
Teiidae is a family of lacertoidean lizards native to the Americas. Members of this family are generally known as whiptails or racerunners; however, tegus also belong to this family. Teiidae is sister to the Gymnopthalmidae, and both families comprise the Teiioidea. The Teiidae includes several parthenogenic species – a mode of clonal reproduction. Presently, the Teiidae consists of approximately 150 species in eighteen genera.
Garraunbaun
Garraunbaun is a mountain in County Laois, Ireland. Garraunbaun's summit is at an elevation of 406 metres (1,332 feet), making it the fifth highest point in Laois, the tenth-highest point in the Slieve Bloom Mountains and the 911th-highest summit in Ireland.

County Laois
County Laois (/liːʃ/ LEESH; Irish: Contae Laoise) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and in the province of Leinster. It was known as Queen's County from 1556 to 1922. The modern county takes its name from Loígis, a medieval kingdom. Historically, it has also been known as County Leix.

Laois County Council is the local authority for the county, and is based in Portlaoise.

At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 91,657, an increase of 56% since the 2002 census.
Teastas Mor
Teastas Mor was a certificate of gameness issued to a dog by the Irish Kennel Club.

Strict Irish Kennel Club rules governed the Teastas Mor (certificate of gameness).  It was considered that the discipline ensured contests between dog and badger were fair.  In the past, to become an Irish Kennel Club terrier champion, it was necessary for a terrier to be in possession of a Teastas Mor. Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier, Irish Terrier (a.k.a. Irish Red Terriers) and Kerry Blue Terrier (a.k.a. Irish Blue Terriers) were the principal breeds used.  These continued until the kennel ceased to license trials in 1968.

Gameness
Game or gameness is a trait most often attributed to fighting dogs, working terriers, and fighting cocks that are selectively bred, referring to their ability to persevere in a fight even when losing. Dogs that demonstrate this trait can also be described as "ready and willing", "full of fight", "spirited", or "plucky", and are able to resist mental and physical challenges in order to win a fight. Gameness contrasts with prey drive insofar as gameness refers to a dog's motivation to fight other dogs, and prey drive refers to a dog's motivation to hunt prey.

The factors that produce gameness are not well understood. Though the selective pressures involved in breeding dogs for dogfighting appear to be a significant component of gameness, dogfighters disagree about the importance of genetics to the trait. While dogs that exhibit a high degree of gameness are more prone to have offspring who are also game, the inheritance of the trait is not consistent.