hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Keith Stewart Thomson
Keith Stewart Thomson (born 1938; B.SC. Birmingham, AM, Ph.D. Harvard) was from 2003 to 2012 a senior research fellow of the American Philosophical Society and is, starting in 2012, the Executive Officer of the American Philosophical Society and is an emeritus professor of natural history at the University of Oxford. He was appointed director of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History in July 1998. In 1987 he was appointed president of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. He had earlier been a dean at Yale University and director of Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History.
He is the author of several books and essays that deal with paleontology, the history of science and evolution.

Oxford University Museum of Natural History
The Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) is a museum displaying many of the University of Oxford's natural history specimens, located on Parks Road in Oxford, England. It also contains a lecture theatre which is used by the university's chemistry, zoology and mathematics departments. The museum provides the only public access into the adjoining Pitt Rivers Museum.
Hud Jackson
William "Hud" Jackson (born December 14, 1967) is an American college football coach, athletic director, and former baseball coach. He is the athletic director for the University of Arkansas at Monticello, a position he has held since 2021. He previously was the offensive coordinator for Central Arkansas and he was the head football coach for Arkansas–Monticello from 2011 to 2025. He previously coached baseball and football for Rayne High School, Oberlin High School, and Central Catholic High School. He also was the athletic director for Oberlin High School and Central Catholic High School. He played college football and college baseball for McNeese State as a quarterback and pitcher.

University of Arkansas at Monticello
The University of Arkansas at Monticello (UAM) is a public university in Monticello, Arkansas, United States, with Colleges of Technology in Crossett and McGehee. UAM is part of the University of Arkansas System and offers master's degrees, baccalaureate degrees, and associate degrees. The city is in the Arkansas Timberlands, and UAM is home to the state's only School of Forest Resources.

The university is governed by the University of Arkansas Board of Trustees, which also oversees the operation of universities and other post-secondary educational institutions in Batesville, DeQueen, Fayetteville, Fort Smith, Helena, Hope, Little Rock, Morrilton, and Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

UAM offers in-state tuition rates not only to Arkansas residents but also to regional residents of Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Tennessee.
2010 Zanzibari general election
General elections were held in Zanzibar on 31 October 2010 alongside the 2010 Tanzanian general elections. Amani Abeid Karume the president of Zanzibar stepped down after completing 2 terms in office. The presidential elections were won by Ali Mohamed Shein of Chama Cha Mapinduzi. Zanzibar elections have always been highly contested and also subject to post election violence.

To defuse the tensions a Unity government to be formed after the election was proposed, which was put into place after the 2010 Zanzibari government of national unity referendum was overwhelmingly accepted by the population.

Amani Abeid Karume
Amani Abeid Karume (born 1 November 1948) is a Tanzanian politician, the former president of Zanzibar. He held the office from 8 November 2000 to 3 November 2010. He is the son of Zanzibar's first president, Abeid Karume, and a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). Currently, he is the Chancellor of Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST).
John Drew (trader)
John Alexander Drew was a prominent American trader in the Mackinac area in the early 19th century; it is now considered within the boundaries of Michigan. He also was a politician, serving in the Michigan House of Representatives for the 1841 session.

Michilimackinac
Michilimackinac (/ˌmɪʃələˈmækənɔː/ MISH-ə-lə-MAK-ə-naw) is derived from an Ottawa-Ojibwe name for present-day Mackinac Island and the region around the Straits of Mackinac between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Early settlers of North America applied the term to the entire region along Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. Today it is considered to be mostly within the boundaries of Michigan. Michilimackinac was the original name for Mackinac Island and Mackinac County.
Across the Equator
Across the Equator (Japanese: 赤道越えて, Hepburn: Sekidō Koete) is a 1936 Japanese propaganda documentary film directed by Eiji Tsuburaya in his directorial debut. Produced and distributed by Nikkatsu, it was shot by Tsuburaya from February to August 1935, whom traveled across the Pacific on the cruiser Asama.

Nikkatsu
Nikkatsu Corporation (日活株式会社, Nikkatsu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese film studio located in Bunkyō. The name Nikkatsu amalgamates the words Nippon Katsudō Shashin, literally "Japan Motion Pictures".

Shareholders are Nippon Television Holdings (35%) and SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation (28.4%).
Maximilian Schwedler
Maximilian Schwedler (March 31, 1853 – January 16, 1940) was a German flutist, flute maker and music editor and historian. He was  influential as Germany's last major advocate for the conical-bore flute, for which he made many improvements. In 1898 he received a patent for the Reformflöte "System Schwedler-Kruspe" (Modell 1898), also known as the Reform flute.

Bore (wind instruments)
In music, the bore of a wind instrument (including woodwind and brass) is its interior chamber.  This defines a flow path through which air travels, which is set into vibration to produce sounds.  The shape of the bore has a strong influence on the instrument's timbre.
Dorjee Sun
Dorjee Sun (born 1977) is a social entrepreneur based in Singapore. His work for Carbon Conservation was the subject of the international feature documentary The Burning Season in 2008.  He is chief executive officer of Bioeconomy as well as co-founder and Senior Advisor to the AirCarbon Exchange (ACX). He formerly was director of Who Gives, Carbon Agro, and Carbon Conservation as well as advisor and early investor in other startups.

African Rainforest Conservancy
The African Rainforest Conservancy (ARC) works to conserve and restore African rainforests, particularly focusing on the Eastern Arc mountains of Tanzania located about 200 kilometres (120 mi) southeast of Mount Kilimanjaro.  These lush mountains are among the oldest and most biodiverse in the world.  The forests themselves are in jeopardy from local logging, used mostly in the surrounding villages for fuel. In addition, poaching activities endanger several rare species.  ARC works to protect these mountains by training the community to be caretakers of the forest, developing the many sustainable business opportunities that exist in the region.  Concurrently large scale train planting projects work both to reforest denuded native trees and create timber plantations in non-rainforest areas that can be managed sustainably for generations to come.
Super Oki
The Super Oki (スーパーおき) is a limited express train service in Japan operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) since July 2001. It runs from Tottori via Yonago to Shin-Yamaguchi. The Super Oki is one of the furthest-travelling limited express trains in Japan, covering the 380 km from Shin-Yamaguchi to Tottori in just over five hours.

Limited express
In public transport, a limited express is a special express train or bus service that makes fewer stops (hence “limited”) than local, limited-stop, and regular express services along the same corridor. Limited expresses are typically the most direct service on a line, serving only major destinations such as central and interchange stations, making them the fastest option for inter-city travelers.
Cave of Bacinete
The Cave of Bacinete (Spanish: Cueva de Bacinete) is a cave located in Los Alcornocales Natural Park, Los Barrios, province of Andalusia, south Spain. It contains examples of prehistoric rock art and was declared Property of cultural interest in 1985.

Bien de Interés Cultural
Bien de Interés Cultural (Basque: Kultura Intereseko Ondasun, Catalan: Bé d'Interès Cultural, Valencian: Bé d'Interés Cultural, Galician: Ben de Interese Cultural) is a category of the heritage register in Spain. The term is also used in Colombia and other Spanish-speaking countries.

The term literally means a "good of cultural interest" ("goods" in the economic sense). It includes not only material heritage (cultural property), like monuments or movable works of art, but also intangible cultural heritage, such as the Silbo Gomero language.

Some bienes enjoy international protection as World Heritage Sites or Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Walter Gale House
The Walter H. Gale House, located in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and constructed in 1893. The house was commissioned by Walter H. Gale of a prominent Oak Park family and is the first home Wright designed after leaving the firm of Adler & Sullivan (run by engineer Dankmar Adler and architect, Louis Sullivan). The Gale House was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on August 17, 1973.

Louis Sullivan
Louis Henry Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924) was an American architect, and has been called a "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism". He was an influential architect of the Chicago School, a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School. Along with Wright and Henry Hobson Richardson, Sullivan is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture." The phrase "form follows function" is attributed to him; it encapsulated earlier theories of architecture and he applied them to the modern age of the skyscraper. In 1944, Sullivan was the second architect to posthumously receive the AIA Gold Medal.
Tōin Kinkata
Tōin Kinkata (洞院公賢) (1291 – 1360) was a member of the Court during the late Kamakura period and early Nanboku-chō period in Japanese history. As a writer, Kinkata was the author of the diary Entairyaku (園太暦), where he reviewed the events of the imperial court in 1311 and between 1344 and 1360.

Kintaka was also the author of the Gyorogushō (魚魯愚鈔), a courtly technical document and co-authored the chronicle Kōdaireki (皇代暦), which summarizes in five volumes the imperial events from mythological times to contemporary times and posthumously extended to the reign of Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado by Kanroji Chikanaga.

Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado (後土御門天皇, Go-Tsuchimikado-tennō; July 3, 1442 – October 21, 1500) was the 103rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1464 through 1500.

This 15th-century sovereign was named after the 12th-century Emperor Tsuchimikado and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Tsuchimikado", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Tsuchimikado, the second," or as "Emperor Tsuchimikado II."
Warsaw Babice Airport
Warsaw-Babice (IATA: QPB, ICAO: EPBC) is an airport in Warsaw, located in the residential district of Bemowo, near the border with the district of Bielany. It is also unofficially known as Bemowo.

The airport is administered by the Centre for Logistics "Warsaw-Babice" (Centrum Usług Logistycznych "Lotnisko Warszawa-Babice") and organisations based there include: the Warsaw Aero Club (Aeroklub Warszawski) and Polish Air Rescue (Lotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe).

It has been used for various events and celebrity arrivals including Michael Jackson (1996), Madonna (2009), AC/DC (2010), and the Sonisphere Festival (2010, 2011, 2012).

Bielany
Bielany (Polish pronunciation: [bjɛˈlanɨ] ⓘ) is a district in Warsaw located in the north-western part of the city.

Initially a part of Żoliborz, Bielany has been an independent district since 1994. Bielany borders Żoliborz to the south-east, and Bemowo to the south-west. Its north-eastern border is the Vistula River, and the northern-western border is also the limits of the city of Warsaw.

The name Bielany, which in Polish is plural, derives from the white habits of the Camaldolese monks who have an ancient priory there. It is also known for the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, which was established 1929 when it was known as the Central Institute for Physical Education (C.I.W.F.), as well as the newly built Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University.
Birte Høeg Brask
Birte Høeg Brask nicknamed Trille (1918–1997) was a Danish resistance fighter and physician. During the German occupation of Denmark in World War II, she became a member of the Danish resistance. As a communist, after Germany attacked the Soviet Union in 1941, together with her husband Kjartan Munck, she contributed to the first clandestine publications in Denmark. She went on to collaborate with the writer and resistance fighter Børge Houmann, working as a courier, organizing illegal meetings and contributing to the resistance papers Land og Folk and Ugens Nyt. Continuing her studies after the war, she became a specialist at the children's psychiatric hospital in Aarhus. From 1970 until her retirement in 1988, she held the position of chief consultant. Høeg Brask is remembered in particular for her ground-breaking contributions to autism.

Land og Folk
Land og Folk (Danish: [ˈlænˀ ʌ ˈfʌlˀk]; Danish: Land and People) was a communist newspaper published from 1919 to 1990. It became the main organ of the Communist Party of Denmark (DKP) from 1920 and boomed in circulation during World War II, growing from 12,000 copies in 1940 to 120,000 copies in 1945. The paper was printed in Copenhagen, but distributed countrywide. It ran the Land og Folk Festival, which gathered around 100,000 visitors annually.
Timo Benitz
Timo Benitz (born 24 December 1991 in Engen) is a German middle-distance runner competing primarily in the 1500 metres. He took a surprise victory in the 800 metres at the 2014 European Team Championships in Braunschweig where in front of home crowd he beat among others Adam Kszczot and Pierre-Ambroise Bosse. In 2017 he competed at the World Championships reaching the semifinals and later won the gold medal at the 2017 Summer Universiade.

2017 World Championships in Athletics
The 2017 IAAF World Championships, the sixteenth edition of the IAAF World Championships, were held from 4 to 13 August at London Stadium in London, United Kingdom. London was officially awarded the championships on 11 November 2011.
Trillium discolor
Trillium discolor, the mottled wakerobin, pale yellow trillium, or small yellow toadshade, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to areas of the Savannah River drainage system of Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina such as Steven's Creek Heritage Preserve and Lake Keowee. It is found along moist stream banks in upland woods, on acidic to basic soils.

Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family Liliaceae, in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of lilies, while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family Trilliaceae. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APG system), places the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. Circumscribed in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera.

Familiar members of the family include the genera Paris and Trillium.
Mrs Balbir Singh
Balwant Kaur, better known by her married name Mrs Balbir Singh (1912 – 1994), was an Indian chef, cookery teacher and cookbook author. Her formal cooking and homemaking classes began in New Delhi in 1955, and her award-winning Mrs Balbir Singh’s Indian Cookery book, was first published in London in 1961 to much acclaim.

Singh was a pioneer in teaching and writing about the art of cookery in India. Chef Simon Majumdar, a judge on the Food Network, has called her the Julia Child of India.

Simon Majumdar
Simon Majumdar (born April 7, 1964) is a British-born food and travel author, and food television personality. He has appeared on many Food Network shows and is based in Los Angeles and London. He also judges on shows such as Iron Chef.
Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz flux equation
The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz flux equation (or GHK flux equation or GHK current density equation) describes the ionic flux across a cell membrane as a function of the transmembrane potential and the concentrations of the ion inside and outside of the cell.  Since both the voltage and the concentration gradients influence the movement of ions, this process is a simplified version of electrodiffusion. Electrodiffusion is most accurately defined by the Nernst–Planck equation and the GHK flux equation is a solution to the Nernst–Planck equation with the assumptions listed below.

Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. It equals the interior potential minus the exterior potential. This is the energy (i.e. work) per charge which is required to move a (very small) positive charge at constant velocity across the cell membrane from the exterior to the interior. (If the charge is allowed to change velocity, the change of kinetic energy and production of radiation must be taken into account.)

Typical values of membrane potential, normally given in units of millivolts and denoted as mV, range from −80 mV to −40 mV. For such typical negative membrane potentials, positive work is required to move a positive charge from the interior to the exterior. However, thermal kinetic energy allows ions to overcome the potential difference. For a selectively permeable membrane, this permits a net flow against the gradient.
2015 Anning Open – Men's doubles
Alex Bolt and Andrew Whittington were the defending champions, but Bolt decided not to participate this year. Whittington played alongside Karunuday Singh and lost in the final.

Bai Yan and Wu Di won the title, defeating Whittington and Singh in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Alex Bolt
Alex Bolt (born 5 January 1993) is an Australian professional tennis player. He plays mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour. His career-high rankings by the ATP are world No. 125 in singles and world No. 81 in doubles. Highlights of his career include quarterfinal appearances at the 2014 Australian Open men's doubles and at the 2017 Australian Open with Andrew Whittington and Bradley Mousley respectively.
Nuria Martí Gutiérrez
Nuria Martí Gutiérrez is currently a senior research associate at the Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU). She received her bachelors in biological sciences from the University of Valencia with a specialty in reproductive science. She received her master's degree in clinical biology and reproduction from the University of Alicante and her PhD from the University of Valencia for her work studying mitochondrial replacement using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) under the direction of Shoukhrat Mitalipov. While working with Mitalipov, she helped to pioneer the technique to reprogram embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from somatic cells using SCNT.

Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), sometimes called mitochondrial donation, is the replacement of mitochondria in one or more cells to prevent or ameliorate disease. MRT originated as a special form of in vitro fertilisation in which some or all of the future baby's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) comes from a third party. This technique is used in cases when mothers carry genes for mitochondrial diseases. The therapy is approved for use in the United Kingdom and Australia. Eight babies have been born using MRT in the UK as of July 2025.  A second application is to use autologous mitochondria to replace mitochondria in damaged tissue to restore the tissue to a functional state. This has been used in clinical research in the United States to treat cardiac-compromised newborns.
Czech Texans
Czech Texans (Czech: Texaňané), often informally called Czexans, are residents of the state of Texas who are of Czech ancestry. Large scale Czech immigration to Texas began after the Revolutions of 1848 changed the political climate in Central Europe, and after a brief interruption during the U.S. Civil War, continued until the First World War. Concentrated in Central Texas, Czech Texans have preserved their identity through the Czexan style of music, the Painted Churches of Texas, regular Czech dances and festivals, bakeries specializing in Czech pastries, and Czech and Czexan fusion cuisine.

As of the 2020 United States census, there are 193,058 Czech-Americans living in Texas, the largest number of any state.

Kolach (cake)
A kolach, from the Czech and Slovak koláč (plural koláče, diminutive koláčky, meaning "cake/pie"), is a type of sweet pastry that holds a portion of fruit surrounded by puffy yeast dough. Common filling flavors include tvaroh, fruit jam, poppy seeds, or povidla (prune jam). In the United States, the word kolache is sometimes used as the singular rather than as the plural, and the letter "s" is often added to the end of the word kolache to form "kolaches", which is a double plural.
Jamia Binoria
Jamia Binoria Aalamia (Arabic: الجامعۃ البنوریۃ العالمیۃ) is an Islamic University in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

It is regarded as one of the most modern madrassas.

Noman Naeem is the chancellor of the seminary.

Islamic university
The term "Islamic university" (Arabic: الجامعة الإسلامية, Jami'ah Islamiyah), sometimes called madrasah jāmiʿah (Arabic: مدرسة جامعة), can be used to describe educational institutions that are based on Islamic system of education as well as institutions that focus on teaching Islam as a main curriculum. The word "madrasah" can refer to an Islamic educational institution of any level, while the word jāmiʿah simply means "university."

However, there are various institutions which include "Islamic University" in their name while being not necessarily geared towards the teaching of Islam (much like how a Catholic university generally does not teach Catholicism).
Pac-12 Conference Baseball Player of the Year
The Pac-12 Conference Player of the Year is a baseball award given to the Pac-12 Conference's most outstanding player. From 1978 to 1998, an award was given to the most outstanding player in both the North and South divisions, with both pitchers and position players eligible. After the 1999 season, the divisions were eliminated and the Pac-12 Conference Baseball Pitcher of the Year award was created to honor the most outstanding pitcher.

Position player
In baseball, a position player is a player who on defense plays as an infielder, outfielder, or catcher. A pitcher is generally not considered a position player. A designated hitter, who bats but does not play any defensive position, is also not considered a position player.

Position players are eligible to pitch, and a manager will use a position player as a relief pitcher on some occasions. This typically happens if a game is a blowout, if no other pitchers are available, or if the game has gone well into extra innings.