hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gulashkird
Gulashkird also known as Faryjab or Paryjab or Valashgird was an important town in Kerman province of Iran during the Middle Ages as a station on the trade routes from the Persian Gulf and Persia to India and also into Central Asia.

Today the town lies at modern Faryjab, a small village north east of Bandar Abbas, south of Jiroft and 50 km north of Mantijan, near the town of Manujan and the Rudkhanah i Duzdi River.

Historically the town was a strongly fortified town with a castle known as Kftshah and was serviced by quanats that allowed the area to grow Indigo, oranges, date palms and Grain, It was mentioned by Arab geographers Mukaddasi and Yaqut al-Hamawi and Marco Polo.

The village has been suggested as a possible location for the lost city of Alexandria Carmania, founded by Alexander the Great months before he died in Babylon. Indeed, Greek pottery has been found in the area.

Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world
Medieval Islamic geography and cartography were the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century). Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography, and cartography and mathematical geography. Islamic geography reached its apex with Muhammad al-Idrisi in the 12th century.
Michael Giolbas
Michael Giolbas (born 26 June 1970) is a Danish former football midfielder, who is known for having won the Danish championship with F.C. Copenhagen in 1993.

Giolbas started his professional career with B 1903, moving to F.C. Copenhagen upon its founding in 1992. After an intermezzo with Herfølge BK, Giolbas moved to minnows BK Frem, where he was soon elected captain, in 1997.

Boldklubben 1903
Boldklubben 1903  or B 1903 is a football club founded on 2 June 1903, located in Copenhagen, Denmark. Seven times winner of the Danish championship (introduced 1913) in 1920, 1924, 1926, 1938, 1969, 1970 and 1976 and twice winner of the Danish Cup (introduced 1955) in 1979 and 1986. Best international result: Quarter final in the 1991–92 UEFA Cup after eliminating Aberdeen F.C., Bayern Munich (6–2 and 0–1) and Trabzonspor. In 1992 the club was merged with Kjøbenhavns Boldklub (KB) to form the current club F.C. Copenhagen to which Boldklubben 1903 transferred its license to play in the Danish league. As a note, F.C. Copenhagen won the Danish championship in its first season.
Huet de Navarre
Huet de Navarre was a French soldier who was briefly governor of the colony of Cayenne in what is now French Guiana in 1652. An 1888 biography has been shown to be largely fictitious, and little is known of his life.

Rivière de Cayenne
The Rivière de Cayenne (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ də kajɛn], "Cayenne River") is a river in French Guiana, formed by the Rivière des Cascades, Tonnegrande, and Montsinéry River.  It flows into the Atlantic Ocean near the city of Cayenne, forming an estuary about 2 km long. It is 43.7 km (27.2 mi) long, including its upper course Rivière des Cascades.

The river featured prominently in both the movie and the book Papillon by Henri Charrière.
Philip Hedrick
Philip W. Hedrick (born November 21, 1942) is an American emeritus professor at Arizona State University (ASU). From 1992 until his retirement, Hedrick was Ullman Professor of Conservation Biology at ASU.  Hedrick has published over 200 articles on the topics of population genetics and conservation biology. Among other organisms, he has published extensively on wolves and bighorn sheep.

Hedrick previously served as president of the American Society of Naturalists and the American Genetic Association, and in 1987 was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Noah Bowman
Noah Bowman (born May 8, 1992) is a Canadian freestyle skier. He won the silver medal in Men's Ski SuperPipe at Winter X Games XVI. In 2017, he won the bronze medal in Men's Ski SuperPipe at Winter X Games XXI. Through 2024, he has 13 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup podium finishes, 2 of which are victories. Other notable podiums include a bronze medal in Halfpipe at the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019 and a gold medal in Modified Super at the 2020 Winter Dew Tour at Copper Mountain, Colorado.

Bowman represented Canada in the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympic Games. On January 24, 2022, Bowman was named to Canada's 2022 Olympic team for his third Olympics appearance. Though he has not medaled, he has consistently performed at a high level, finishing in 5th, 5th, and 4th place, respectively.

FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup is an annual freestyle skiing competition arranged by the International Ski Federation since 1980. Currently six disciplines are included in world cup: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air. In the 1980s and 1990s there were also ski ballet and combined, which no longer exist.

Races are hosted primarily at ski resorts in North America, the Alps in Europe, with regular stops in Scandinavia, east Asia, but a few races have also been held in the Southern Hemisphere. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 22 countries around the world: Australia, Austria, Belarus, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,  New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United States. (note that all world cup races hosted at ski resort in Ukraine was still part of Soviet Union respectively.)
Sea wall (British politics)
The Sea wall is a term used by psephologists to refer to 108 constituencies along the UK coastline, generalising them as marginal. They formed before the July 2024 election a majority of Conservative pluralities, so seats, many or most marginal enough to be vulnerable to Labour according to opinion polls. As to the Red and Blue walls, the Sea wall overlaps both and was used in some coverage of the 2024 general election. From the 2019 general election to July 2024, Labour held 24 of these seats.

These seats in England and Wales are noted, relative to the national average, for deprivation. They are personified by tourism-based economies, the cost of living crisis, and poor connectivity. Coastal residents bring home on average lower wages. The availability of affordable housing has also been an issue.

Before the 2024 general election, the think tank Onward called coastal areas “the forgotten battleground that could decide [this] election”.

Fabian Society
The Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/) is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.

As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has strongly influenced British politics. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.

Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of twenty socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.
The Oath (1921 British film)
The Oath is a 1921 British silent drama film directed by Fred Paul and starring Margot Drake and Lewis Gilbert. Part of a Grand Guignol series of films, it focuses on a promise made by a Priest in the eighteenth century to protect his brother's family.

Grand Guignol
The Théâtre du Grand-Guignol (French pronunciation: [lə teɑtʁ dy ɡʁɑ̃ ɡiɲɔl]) was a theater in the Pigalle district of Paris (7, cité Chaptal). From its opening in 1897 until its closing in 1962, it specialized in horror shows. Its name is often used as a general term for graphic, amoral horror entertainment, a genre popular from Elizabethan and Jacobean theater (for instance Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, and Webster's The Duchess of Malfi and The White Devil), to today's splatter films.
Alameddine crime network
The Alameddine crime network or Alameddine family is an Australian organised crime group that operates out of the Western Sydney suburb of Merrylands. The gang, led by Rafat Alameddine, is allegedly one of the biggest drug-trafficking organisations in Sydney, with New South Wales Police declaring the organisation to have reportedly earned around $1 million in weekly profit at its peak. Since October 2020, the Alameddines have grown to public notoriety in connection to an extended feud they became involved in with the Hamzy/Hamze crime family, the most dominant faction of the Brothers for Life organisation, within the Sydney gangland war of the early 2020s.

Condell Park
Condell Park is a suburb in Western Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The suburb is 21 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is a part of the City of Canterbury Bankstown local government area, and within the Inner South West area categorised by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The postcode of Condell Park is 2200, which is shared with Bankstown and Bankstown Aerodrome.
Prediction of volcanic activity
Prediction of volcanic activity, and volcanic eruption forecasting, is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption. Of particular importance is the prediction of hazardous eruptions that could lead to catastrophic loss of life, property, and disruption of human activities.

Risk and uncertainty are central to forecasting and prediction, which are not necessarily the same thing in the context of volcanoes, where opinions have often played a role, and the prediction in time (forecasting) for an individual volcano is different from predicting eruption characteristics for apparently similar volcanoes. Both forecasting and prediction have processes based on past and present data.

Galeras
Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century indigenous people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nariño, near the departmental capital Pasto. Its summit rises 4,276 metres (14,029 ft) above sea level. It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, with its first historical eruption being recorded on December 7, 1580. A 1993 eruption killed nine people, including six scientists who had descended into the volcano's crater to sample gases and take gravity measurements in an attempt to be able to predict future eruptions. It is currently the most active volcano in Colombia.
John Koontz
John Koontz (October 19, 1902 – March 21, 1995) was an American politician who served as the Secretary of State of Nevada from 1947 to 1973. He was the longest-serving politician to hold this office, winning 7 successive elections. During his tenure, he established state archives and preserved all the valuable records.

Koontz was born on October 19, 1906, in Goldfield, Nevada, to Louis Kossuth and Ada Mae Koontz. He worked as a miner, a cowpuncher, and a grocery store clerk. He entered politics in 1934 when he was elected county recorder of Esmeralda County.

From 1958 to 1959, Koontz served as president of the National Association of Secretaries of State. He worked as a campaign manager for Mary Gojack and Harry Reid.

In 1973, he resigned from the office.

Koontz died on March 21, 1995.

Recorder of deeds
Recorder of deeds or deeds registry is a government office tasked with maintaining public records and documents, especially records relating to real estate ownership that provide persons other than the owner of a property with real rights over that property.
How to Melt the Ice Queen's Heart
How to Melt the Ice Queen's Heart (Japanese: 氷の令嬢の溶かし方, Hepburn: Kōri no Reijō no Tokashi Kata) is a Japanese romantic comedy light novel series written by Kakeru Takamine and illustrated by Ichigo Kagawa. The series was published by Futabasha under the Monster Bunko label in Japanese language and Tentai Books in English language. The first volume was released on September 30, 2020, in Japanese and currently has 2 volumes. Tentai Books released the digital version of first volume on July 26, 2021, in English language. In early April, Futabasha decided to discontinue the light novel series after the second volume because it didn't sell well in Japan. A manga adaptation illustrated by Tokomichi was serialized on Futabasha's Gaugau Monster manga website from January 16, 2022, to July 14, 2023.

Futabasha
Futabasha Publishers Ltd. (株式会社双葉社, Kabushiki Gaisha Futabasha) is a Japanese publishing company headquartered in Hikaishigokenchō, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. Futabasha is known for its seinen manga works, and its 1967 magazine Manga Action first conceived of the seinen manga category, decades before the other major companies tested the market.
Sentetsu Pashii-class locomotive
The Pashii class (パシイ) locomotives were a group of steam tender locomotives of the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) with 4-6-2 wheel arrangement. The "Pashi" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-2 wheel arrangement were called "Pacific".

In all, Sentetsu owned 144 locomotives of all Pashi classes, of which 141 survived the war; of these, 73 went to the Korean National Railroad in South Korea and 68 to the Korean State Railway in North Korea.

Chōsen Government Railway
The Chōsen Government Railway (朝鮮總督府鐵道, Chōsen sōtokufu tetsudō) (Korean: 조선총독부 철도; RR: Joseon Chongdokbu Cheoldo) was a state-owned railway company in Korea during Japanese rule. It was also colloquially known by the abbreviated name Sentetsu (鮮鐵). It was the operational division of the Railway Bureau of the Government-General of Chōsen (朝鮮總督府鐵道局, Chōsen sōtokufu tetsudōkyoku; Korean: 철도국; RR: Cheoldoguk), which managed and operated railways in Chōsen, as well as supervised privately owned railway companies.
Standesamt Dziembowo
Standesamt Dziembowo was a civil registration district (Standesamt) located in Kreis Kolmar, province of Posen of the German Empire (1871-1918) and administered the communities of:

Dzi = Dziembowo; Fri = Friedheim, Kr Wirsitz; Mor = Morzewo; Sch = Schneidemühl; Usc = Usch

This article is part of the project Wikipedia:WikiProject Prussian Standesamter. Please refer to the project page, before making changes.

Piła
Piła (Polish: [ˈpiwa] ⓘ; German: Schneidemühl) is a city in northwestern Poland and the capital of Piła County, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. Its population as of 2021 was 71,846, making it the third-largest city in the voivodeship after Poznań and Kalisz and the largest city in the northern part of Greater Poland.

Founded in the 14th century, Piła was a royal city of Poland, whose prosperity came from crafts and trade. The city is located on the Gwda river and is famous for its green areas, parks and dense forests nearby. It is an important road and railway hub, located at the intersection of two main lines: Poznań–Szczecin and Bydgoszcz–Krzyż Wielkopolski. Piła is the center of light industry, culture and education in northern Greater Poland, and is particularly known for motorcycle speedway racing.
Rokach (river)
Rokach (Ukrainian: Рокач, IPA: [roˈkɑtʃ]) is a river in Ukraine, a left tributary of the Irpin River. It is located in Bucha Raion of Kyiv Oblast. The river is 17 kilometres long, and has a drainage basin of 160 square kilometres. Rokach River begins in the forest to the north of Mykulychi. It flows through a dam near Myrotske, and due to this a pond is formed. The river continues flowing on the border of Bucha and Hostomel, and then through Hostomel. Rokach flows into Irpin River around 1 kilometre east of Hostomel.

pond near Myrotske

near Bucha

in Hostomel

Galium uliginosum near Rokach River

Galium uliginosum
Galium uliginosum or fen bedstraw is a plant species of the genus Galium. It is widespread across most of Europe as well as Morocco, Western Siberia, Turkey, Kazakhstan and Xinjiang. It is reportedly naturalized in New Zealand, Greenland and the Crozet Islands.

Galium uliginosum is a component of purple moor grass and rush pastures – a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK. It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe. It is found in the South West of England, especially in Devon.

Galium uliginosum is easily confused with marsh bedstraw, Galium palustre, but is distinguished from this species by having bristly edges on its leaves, and not turning black when it dries out. The leaves are arranged in whorls of 6 to 10 around the stem, which is a characteristic feature of the bedstraw genus Galium.
Lipara (fly)
Lipara is a genus of flies in the family Chloropidae. Among the Palearctic species, a specific community of bees and wasps make their nests in the galls of chloropid flies. Most frequently, they use the galls induced by Lipara lucens on common reed stems. Some of these aculeate hymenopteran species, such as the digger wasp Pemphredon fabricii (Crabronidae) or the solitary bee Hylaeus pectoralis (Colletidae) are specialized for nesting in galls induced by Lipara spp. more than a year ago.

Chloropidae
The Chloropidae are a family of flies commonly known as frit flies or grass flies. About 2000 described species are in over 160 genera distributed worldwide. These are usually very small flies, yellow or black and appearing shiny due to the virtual absence of any hairs. The majority of the larvae are phytophagous, mainly on grasses, and can be major pests of cereals. However, parasitic and predatory species are known. A few species are kleptoparasites. Some species in the genera Hippelates and Siphunculina (S. funicola being quite well known in Asia) are called eye gnats or eye flies for their habit of being attracted to eyes. They feed on lachrymal secretions and other body fluids of various animals, including humans, and are of medical significance.

There are scant records of chloropids from amber deposits, mostly from the Eocene and Oligocene periods although some material may suggest the family dates back to the Cretaceous or earlier.
Bhimappa Gadad
Bhimappa Gundappa Gadad is an RTI (Right To Information) activist and a small agriculturist who hails from Mudalgi town of Mudalagi taluk in Belgaum district. He has been a whistleblower in many cases such as uncovering the amount of money spent on Prime minister Narendra Modi's foreign visits and also he exposed the arrears owed by politicians to government due to their over stay at government Bungalow as well as he was instrumental in making Karnataka Government admit that Yellur, Belgaum belongs to Karnataka.

He contested 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election from Janata Dal (Secular) from Arabhavi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) and was defeated against Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Balachandra Jarkiholi with a margin of 47,328 votes.

Janata Dal (Secular)
The Janata Dal (Secular) (transl. People's Party (Secular); abbr. JD(S)) is an Indian political party recognised as a state party in the Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Arunachal Pradesh. It was founded by the former prime minister of India H. D. Deve Gowda in July 1999 as a breakaway faction from the Janata Dal.
Ramzan Khadzhiev
Ramzan Khadzhiev (russ: Хаджиев Рамзан: November 14, 1955 – August 11, 1996) was chief of the Northern Caucasus bureau of Russian Public Television (ORT). Khadzhiev was the 19th journalist to die in the 20-month-old Chechen war.

On August 11, 1996, Khadzhiev was killed while attempting to leave Grozny, the embattled capital of Chechnya, by car with his wife and young son. He was shot in the head after being cleared through a Russian military checkpoint. ORT reported that Chechen rebels targeted Khadzhiev, an ethnic Chechen, because he supported the Moscow-installed government. However, a passenger in their car told Russia's NTV television that they instead came under fire from the Russian armored vehicles.

Later, his colleagues had confirmed that he was shot in the head twice by Russian federal soldiers. No investigation has been launched, and ORT has not pursued any public inquiry.

NTV (Russia)
NTV (Cyrillic: НТВ) is a Russian free-to-air television channel that was launched as a subsidiary of Vladimir Gusinsky's company Media-Most. Since 14 April 2001 Gazprom Media controls the network. NTV has no official meaning according to Igor Malashenko, the author of the name and co-founder of the company, but in the 1990s unofficial transcripts of the acronym include "New" (Novoje), "Independent" (Nezavisimoje), "Non-governmental" (Negosudarstvennoje), "Our" (Nashe).
Royal Fleet Auxiliary Service Medal
The Royal Fleet Auxiliary Service Medal is a long service medal presented to the officers, petty officers, and rates of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) who complete 20 years of service.  While the RFA services the fleet of the Royal Navy around the world, RFA crews are civilians and thus not eligible for Royal Navy long service awards and decorations.  In 2001, a Royal Warrant was promulgated establishing the medal to recognize the long and efficient service the RFA personnel.  The first awards were presented in 2003 with some 400 RFA personnel eligible for award.

Naval rating
In military terminology, a rate or rating (also known as bluejacket in the United States) is a junior enlisted sailor in a navy who is below the military rank of warrant officer. Depending on the country and navy that uses it, the exact term and the range of ranks that it refers to may vary.
Otia (given name)
Otia (Georgian: ოტია) is a masculine Georgian given name. Notable people with this name include:

Otia Dadiani (fl. 1728 – died 1757), a Georgian ruling prince

Otia Ioseliani (1930 – 2011), a Georgian novelist and dramatist

Otia Ioseliani
Otia Ioseliani (Georgian: ოტია იოსელიანი) (June 16, 1930 – July 14, 2011) was a Georgian prose writer and dramatist, whose plays have been successfully staged in Georgia as well as in other countries of the former Soviet Union and East Germany.
Gulch Island (Western Australia)
34°01′31″S 123°14′50″E﻿ / ﻿34.02528°S 123.24722°E﻿ / -34.02528; 123.24722
Gulch Island is located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.

The island is approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in length and rises to a height of about 20 metres (66 ft). It is situated about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) off-shore from the beaches west of Cape Arid. Composed of granite, the island is part of the group of islands, islets, and rocks that make up the Recherche Archipelago.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.