hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madhopur, Kapurthala
Madhopur  is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Madhopur. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, who is an elected representative.

Kapurthala
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in the Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. It is an immediate neighbour of Jalandhar city proper, and a part of the Jalandhar Metropolitan Region. The aesthetic mix of the city, with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. And for this reason, it has often been referred to as the “Paris of Punjab”. It is also known as the 'City of Palaces & Gardens'. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.
Layton Greene
Layton Greene (born December 4, 1998) is an American R&B singer from East St. Louis, Illinois. She is best known for her 2019 single "Leave Em Alone" (with Lil Baby featuring City Girls and PnB Rock), which peaked at number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Previously in January of that year, she signed with Georgia-based record label Quality Control Music as its first female R&B artist. Her debut extended play (EP), Tell Ya Story, was released on September 9, 2019.

City Girls
City Girls were an American hip-hop duo consisting of Yung Miami and JT, both of whom originate from Miami, Florida. The duo signed with Quality Control Music, an imprint of Motown and Capitol Records to release their debut mixtape, Period (2018). Two months later, they garnered mainstream attention following their guest performances on Drake's 2018 single, "In My Feelings", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100.

Their debut studio album, Girl Code (2018) saw positive critical reception and was supported by the singles "Twerk" (featuring Cardi B) and "Act Up"—both peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certifications by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Their second album, City on Lock (2020) was met with continued praise and moderate commercial response, while their third album, RAW (2023) trailed critically and commercially. Shortly after its release, the duo announced a hiatus to focus on their solo careers.
Marco Zipoli
Marco Zipoli (born 16 June 1990 in Genoa) is an Italian racing driver. He has competed in such series as the Italian Formula Three Championship and was runner-up in 2009.  He trialled for the Ferrari Formula One team in 2009.

2009 Italian Formula Three Championship
The 2009 Italian Formula Three Championship was the 45th Italian Formula Three Championship season. It began on May 9, 2009 in Adria and ended on October 18 in Monza. Italian driver Daniel Zampieri won the title at the last round in Monza. Zampieri also sealed the Rookie Cup title during the same race.
Won Woo-young
Won Woo-young (Korean: 원우영; Korean pronunciation: [wʌn.u.jʌŋ]; born 3 February 1982) is a South Korean sabre fencer. He won gold at the Olympics, World Championships, Asian Games and Asian Championships and is the first Asian fencer to win gold in the men's individual sabre event at the World Championships.

After retiring, he became a sports commentator for Seoul Broadcasting System and covered fencing events at various international tournaments. In November 2021, he was appointed coach of the men's sabre team.

Asian Fencing Championships
Asian Fencing Championships is the fencing zonal championship organized by the Asian Fencing Confederation for the Asia-Oceania zone. The first Asian Fencing Championships was held in 1973 in Tehran, however, fencing in the continent did not proceed actively enough. The tournament restarted in 1989 and it has been held annually since 2007. It awards points for the Fencing World Cup.
Cristián Rodríguez (baseball)
Cristián Leandro Rodríguez García (born 31 March 2002) is a Cuban professional baseball infielder for the Chunichi Dragons of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has previously played for Villa Clara in the Cuban National Series.

Cuban National Series
The Cuban National Series (Spanish: Serie Nacional de Béisbol, or SNB) is a domestic baseball competition in Cuba. Formed after the dissolution of the Cuban League in the wake of the Cuban Revolution, the National Series is a part of the Cuban baseball league system.

For most of its existence, the National Series has existed as the top-level winter league in Cuba. From 2022 to 2024, it operated as a summer league, with the top six National Series teams qualifying for the Cuban Elite League (LEB). Starting with the 2025–26 season, SNB will return to a winter league schedule, while still qualifying teams to the LEB.
Kharbalakh
Kharbalakh (Russian: Харбалах; Yakut: Харбалаах, Xarbalaax) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Sredne-Amginsky Rural Okrug of Tattinsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 46 kilometers (29 mi) from Ytyk-Kyuyol, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 1,081, of whom 534 were male and 547 female, down from 1,103 as recorded during the 2002 Census.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
1945 NCAA basketball tournament
The 1945 NCAA basketball tournament was an eight-team single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college basketball. The 7th annual edition of the tournament began on March 22, 1945, and ended with the championship game on March 27, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. A total of nine games were played, including a third place game in each region.

Oklahoma A&M, coached by Henry Iba, won the national title with a 49–45 victory in the final game over NYU, coached by Howard Cann. Bob Kurland of Oklahoma A&M was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.

Howard Cann
Howard Goodsell Cann (October 11, 1895 – December 18, 1992) was an American sportsman best known as the long-time men's basketball coach at New York University. He was also an Olympic shot putter and a college basketball and football player.
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG or MNG, NTG when referred to colloquially as nitrosoguanidine) is a biochemical tool used experimentally as a carcinogen and mutagen. It acts by adding alkyl groups to the O6 of guanine and O4 of thymine, which can lead to transition mutations between GC and AT. These changes do not cause a heavy distortion in the double helix of DNA and thus are hard to detect by the DNA mismatch repair system.

In organic chemistry, MNNG is used as a source of diazomethane when reacted with aqueous potassium hydroxide.

MNNG is a probable human carcinogen listed as an IARC Group 2A carcinogen.

Thymine
Thymine (/ˈθaɪmiːn/) (symbol T or Thy) is one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase. In RNA, thymine is replaced by the nucleobase uracil.  Thymine was first isolated in 1893 by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann from calf thymus glands, hence its name.
West Maka Ska, Minneapolis
West Maka Ska, formerly known as West Calhoun, is a neighborhood in the U.S. city of Minneapolis. The neighborhood was generally rural with a couple grain silos along the railroad track heading into Downtown Minneapolis until about the 1910s. Although the railroad still runs through the neighborhood, the neighborhood is now mainly homes, apartment buildings, and strip malls.

West Maka Ska is the southwestern-most neighborhood of the Bde Maka Ska-Isles community in the western part of the city. It is in Ward 7, represented by council member Katie Cashman.

The neighborhood is bordered on the east by East Bde Maka Ska, the north by Cedar-Isles-Dean, the south by Linden Hills and the west by the city of St. Louis Park. Its boundaries are Lake Street to the north, Bde Maka Ska to the east, 36th Street to the south, and France Avenue to the west.

Lake Street (Minneapolis)
Lake Street is a major east-west thoroughfare between 29th and 31st streets in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. From its western end at the city's limits, Lake Street reaches the Chain of Lakes, passing over a small channel linking Bde Maka Ska and Lake of the Isles, and at its eastern end it reaches the Mississippi River. In May 2020, the Lake Street corridor suffered extensive damage during local unrest following the murder of George Floyd. In August of the same year, city officials designated East Lake Street as one of seven cultural districts to promote racial equity, preserve cultural identity, and promote economic growth.
Wildlife of Algeria
The wildlife of Algeria is composed of its flora and fauna. Mountains, chotts, wetlands, and grassy desert-like regions all support a wide range of wildlife. The most commonly seen animals include the wild boars, jackals, and gazelles, although it is not uncommon to spot fennecs and jerboas. Leopards and cheetahs are seldom seen.

A variety of bird species make the country an attraction for bird watchers. Barbary macaques are the sole native monkey.

Barbary macaque
The Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus)  is a macaque species native to the Atlas Mountains of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, along with a small introduced population in Gibraltar. It is the type species of the genus Macaca. From the Early Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene, until around 85-40,000 years ago, it was widely distributed in Europe. Today, the Barbary macaques in Gibraltar are the only Old World monkeys in Europe. About 300 individuals live on the Rock of Gibraltar. This population appears to be stable or increasing, while the North African population is declining.

The diet of the Barbary macaque consists primarily of plants and insects. Males play an atypical role in rearing young. Because of uncertain paternity, males are integral to raising all infants. Generally, both sexes and all ages contribute in alloparental care of the young. Males live to around 25 years old while females may live up to 30 years.
1886 Minnesota Secretary of State election
The 1886 Minnesota Secretary of State election was held on November 2, 1886, in order to elect the Secretary of State of Minnesota. Republican nominee and former secretary of state Hans Mattson defeated Democratic nominee Luther Jaeger and Prohibition nominee C.A. Bierce.

Minnesota Secretary of State
The secretary of state of Minnesota is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Twenty-two individuals have held the office of secretary of state since statehood. The incumbent is Steve Simon, a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.
Tubbs in N.Y.
Tubbs in N.Y. (issued as Tubby the Tenor in the US) is an album by British jazz saxophonist Tubby Hayes, recorded in October 1961 and released on Fontana Records in 1962. It was the first New York studio session to arise from Hayes's debut residency at the Half Note Club, made possible through a unique exchange of Hayes and Zoot Sims by the British and American musician unions. Though a prolific composer, none of Hayes's own compositions were selected for inclusion on the album. Instead those selected were either originals composed by session contributor, Clark Terry, or interpretations of jazz standards by Sonny Rollins and George Gershwin.

Half Note Club
40°43′32.5″N 74°0′28″W﻿ / ﻿40.725694°N 74.00778°W﻿ / 40.725694; -74.00778

The Half Note was a jazz club in New York City, New York that flourished in two Manhattan locations – from 1957 to 1972 in SoHo (then known as the Village) at 289 Hudson Street at Spring Street and from 1972 to 1974 in Midtown at 149 West 54th Street, one block west of the Museum of Modern Art.
Sven Berge
Sven Erik Berge (born Svensson, 1 October 1919 in Ljusdal, Hälsingland, Sweden; died 6 August 2004 in Malmö) was a Swedish gymnasium-graduate in mechanical engineering, most known for his time at the Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration's Ordnance Department (later the Defence Materiel Administration), where he led the construction of the Stridsvagn 74 and Stridsvagn 103, but also as a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences since the early 1960s.

Hälsingland
Hälsingland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhɛ̌lːsɪŋland] ⓘ), sometimes referred to by the Latin name Helsingia, is a historical province or landskap in central Sweden. It borders Gästrikland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Medelpad and the Gulf of Bothnia. It is part of the land of Norrland.

Princess Madeleine is currently the duchess of Hälsingland, along with Gästrikland.
Stelvio (ski course)
Stelvio is a World Cup downhill piste in northern Italy was built and opened in 1985. It is located on Vallecetta mountain in Bormio and debuted at the World Championships in 1985.

Stelvio is widely considered one of the, if not the, most difficult and technical downhill courses in the world, with an average incline of 30.9%, steeper than Streif at Kitzbühel. It hosted two World Championships (1985, 2005), and three World Cup finals (1995, 2000, 2008).

This course is currently hosting all five men's alpine ski events (both speed, technical and team combined) at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan–Cortina d'Ampezzo.

Course named after Stelvio Pass, was designed by late Italian architect from Bormio, Oreste Peccedi.

Dominik Paris has seven World Cup downhill wins, a record for a single discipline on one course.

1994–95 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 29th World Cup season began in November 1994 in Park City, USA (December 1994 in Tignes, France for men), and concluded in March 1995 at the World Cup finals in Bormio, Italy.  The overall champions were Alberto Tomba of Italy (his first) and Vreni Schneider of Switzerland (her third).

A break in the schedule was for the 1995 World Championships at Sierra Nevada in southern Spain.  However, due to the lack of snow, these championships were postponed until 1996.
Plače
Plače (pronounced [ˈplaːtʃɛ]) is a small settlement in the Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Ajdovščina in the Littoral region of Slovenia. Together with the neighbouring villages of Male Žablje and Vipavski Križ it forms the local community of Vipavski Križ.

Vipava Valley
The Vipava Valley (pronounced [ʋiˈpaːʋa]; Slovene: Vipavska dolina, German: Wippachtal, Italian: Valle del Vipacco) is a valley in the Slovenian Littoral, roughly between the village of Podnanos to the east and the border with Italy to the west. The main towns are Ajdovščina and Vipava.
Mangaluru City Bus routes
Unlike most of the cities in Karnataka, Mangaluru city bus routes are dominated by private buses. 
Dilraj Alva, former president of Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators’ Association, a body of Mangaluru city bus owners, said that the city now had 325 buses. The Canara Bus Owners’ Association (comprising Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts) operated service buses and inter-district buses. There are 1,500 such buses now, he said.

State Bank, Kankanadi, KSRTC bus stand, Surathkal are important bus stations in the city.

Please note- The present bus route no is along with the Destination not to be confused with Bus route no table

Statebank, Mangalore
Statebank, Mangalore is a locality in Mangalore which is also the heart of Mangalore.

The 1907 Mangalore town map shows "Madras Bank" at the same location as StateBank, while the bus stand seems to be erstwhile Basel Mission shops.

In simple words State Bank is what Majestic area is to Bangalore. Mangalore's city bus station is also situated in State Bank. Almost all the city buses in Mangalore have State Bank as the destination location, which is why it is common for one to see "State Bank"  written in bus route display of most of the private and KSRTC buses.

This place would have inherited this name as the main branch of State Bank of India of Mangalore region is located at Old Port Road.
Kyōnin-ji
The Kyōnin-ji, situated in Kamogawa, Chiba Prefecture, was founded on 5 March 1281 and is one of the most important historic temples of Nichiren-shū.

On 11 November 1264, following an invite by Kudō Yoshitaka Lord of Amatsu, Nichiren came under attack by Nembutsu adherents while on his way to the Lord’s residence. Kyōninbō Nichigyō and Kudō Yoshitaka who rushed to his aid were killed in the event while two other of Nichiren's companions were injured. Legend has it that Nichiren's prayer beads protected him from serious injuries. In remembrance of those events Nichiryū, son of the killed Kudō Yoshitaka and a disciple of Nichiren, founded the temple in 1281.

Next to buildings like the Soshidō (founders hall) and the Hondō (great hall) an 800-year-old cedar tree are regarded as the temple's main landmarks. According to legend the goddess Kishimojin appeared to Nichiren in the old cedar tree.

Kamogawa, Chiba
Kamogawa (鴨川市, Kamogawa-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of  31,722 in 14,558 households and a population density of 170 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 191.14 square kilometers (73.80 sq mi).

The name of the city consists of two kanji characters: the first, kamo (鴨), meaning "duck", and the second, kawa (川), meaning "river".
Modality (semiotics)
In semiotics, a modality is a particular way in which information is to be encoded for presentation to humans, i.e. to the type of sign and to the status of reality ascribed to or claimed by a sign, text, or genre. It is more closely associated with the semiotics of Charles Peirce (1839–1914) than Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) because meaning is conceived as an effect of a set of signs. In the Peircean model, a reference is made to an object when the sign (or representamen) is interpreted recursively by another sign (which becomes its interpretant), a conception of meaning that does in fact imply a classification of sign types.

Meaning (semiotics)
In semiotics, the study of sign processes (semiosis), the meaning of a sign is its place in a sign relation, in other words, the set of roles that the sign occupies within a given sign relation.

This statement holds whether sign is taken to mean a sign type or a sign token.  Defined in these global terms, the meaning of a sign is not in general analyzable with full exactness into completely localized terms, but aspects of its meaning can be given approximate analyses, and special cases of sign relations frequently admit of more local analyses.
Order of Saint Louis
The Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (French: ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis) is a dynastic order of chivalry founded 5 April  1693 by King Louis XIV, named after Saint Louis (King Louis IX of France). It was intended as a reward for exceptional officers, notable as the first decoration that could be granted to non-nobles. By the authorities of the French Republic, it is considered a predecessor of the Legion of Honour, with which it shares the red ribbon (though the Legion of Honour is awarded to military personnel and civilians alike).

Although officially abolished by the government authorities of the July Revolution in 1830 following the French Revolution, its activities carried on as a dynastic order of the formerly sovereign royal family. As such, it is still recognised by the International Commission on Orders of Chivalry.

Ribbon
A ribbon or riband is a thin band of material, typically cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal, used primarily as decorative binding and tying. Cloth ribbons are made of natural materials such as silk, cotton, and jute and of synthetic materials, such as polyester, nylon, and polypropylene. Ribbon is used for useful, ornamental, and symbolic purposes. Cultures around the world use ribbon in their hair, around the body, and as ornament on non-human animals, buildings, and packaging. Some popular fabrics used to make ribbons are satin, organza, sheer, silk, velvet, and grosgrain.
I'm a Celebrity...South Africa
I'm a Celebrity...South Africa is an ITV reality television series, with the premise being an all star edition of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! featuring campmates from previous series that has aired since 24 April 2023. As in the regular version, the programme is presented Ant & Dec, however is pre-recorded instead of live. The first series aired between 24 April and 12 May 2023.

All-star
An all-star team is a group of people all having a high level of performance in their field.  Originating in sports, it has since drifted into vernacular and has been borrowed heavily by the entertainment industry.
Helvetism
Helvetisms (Neo-Latin Helvetia "Switzerland" and -ism) are features distinctive of the varieties of language spoken in Switzerland, most notably in Swiss Standard German, where they distinguish it from Standard German. The most frequent Helvetisms in German occur in vocabulary and pronunciation, but there are also some distinctive features in syntax and orthography. The French and Italian spoken in Switzerland have similar terms, which are also known as Helvetisms. Current French dictionaries, such as the Petit Larousse, include several hundred helvetisms.

The term Helvetism has also been used in broader cultural and historical contexts, particularly in reference to Swiss literary and intellectual currents from the 18th century onward. In this sense, it has denoted expressions of national identity and unity across linguistic and regional boundaries, often linked to movements emphasizing Swiss values, independence, and supracantonal solidarity.

Neue Zürcher Zeitung
The Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ; "New Newspaper of Zurich") is a German-language daily newspaper, published by NZZ Mediengruppe in Zurich, Switzerland. It was founded in 1780. The Neue Zürcher Zeitung is considered a right-leaning German-Swiss newspaper of record.