hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phrase chunking
Phrase chunking is a phase of natural language processing that separates and segments a sentence into its subconstituents, such as noun, verb, and prepositional phrases, abbreviated as NP, VP, and PP, respectively. Typically, each subconstituent or chunk is denoted by brackets.

Noun phrase
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as complements of prepositions. One NP can be embedded inside another NP; for instance, some of his constituents has as a constituent the shorter NP his constituents.

In some theories of grammar, noun phrases with determiners are analyzed as having the determiner as the head of the phrase, see for instance Chomsky (1995) and Hudson (1990).
Marion Havighurst
Marion Havighurst (née Boyd, January 6, 1894 – February 24, 1974) was an American poet, novelist, and author of children's books. Her book Song of the Pines: A Story of Norwegian Lumbering in Wisconsin, co-written with her husband, Walter Havighurst, was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1950.

Song of the Pines
Song of the Pines: A Story of Norwegian Lumbering in Wisconsin is a 1949 children's historical novel written by Walter and Marion Havighurst and illustrated by Richard Floethe. The book was part of the "Land of the Free" series of children's books and highlights the contribution of Norwegian immigrants to the Wisconsin logging industry. The book focuses on 15-year-old orphan Nils, who emigrates to America in the 1850s. Nils is a trained knife sharpener who sets up a business making and selling cant hooks, a traditional logging tool. The novel became a Newbery Honor recipient in 1950.
Sundog Two-Seater
The Sundog Two-Seater is a Canadian powered parachute that was designed and produced by Sundog Powerchutes of Sparwood, British Columbia and later Pierceland, Saskatchewan. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The aircraft was introduced in 2002 and production ended when the company went out of business in 2014.

Rotax 582
The Rotax 582 is a 48 kW (64 hp) two-stroke, two-cylinder, rotary intake valve, oil-in-fuel or oil injection pump, liquid-cooled, gear reduction-drive aircraft engine manufactured by BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co. KG. It is for use in non-certified aircraft operating in day visual flight rules.

Production of the engine ended at the end of 2021.
Michael Diethelm
Michael Diethelm (born 24 January 1985) is a footballer from Switzerland. He played as a defender for SC Cham in the Swiss 1. Liga.

He previously played  for FC Luzern in the Swiss Super League and for FC Wohlen.

Diethelm is a former youth international and was in the Swiss U-17 squad that won the 2002 U-17 European Championships.

FC Wohlen
FC Wohlen is a Swiss football club based in the town Wohlen in Canton Aargau. They currently play in the 1. Liga Classic, the fourth tier of Swiss football.

The club was founded in May 1904 and holds the honour of being the oldest football club in Switzerland that is not in a city. From 1930 to 1932 the team played in the Swiss Super League, the highest league in Switzerland, but mostly it has played in the 2nd or 3rd tiers. The greatest success of their recent history was their promotion to the Challenge League in 2002. In the autumn of 2004 they moved into their new stadium, Stadion Niedermatten.

The most famous former player is Ciriaco Sforza.
Sabogal
Sabogal is a surname. The origin of the surname Sabogal is Hungarian. Sabogal is the union of two popular Hungarian surnames, Szabó which means tailor, and Gál which means Gaul. This surname has migrated to Italy and, from there, to America.
Notable people with the surname include:

Fernando Sabogal Viana (1941−2013), Colombian Roman Catholic bishop

Isabel Sabogal (born 1958), Polish-Peruvian author

Jessica Sabogal (born 1987), Colombian-American Painter and Muralist

José Sabogal (1888–1956), Peruvian painter

Monsignor Moisés Sabogal Romero, Bishop of Catacaos, Piura, Peru.

José Sabogal
José Arnaldo Sabogal Diéguez (March 19, 1888, in Cajabamba – December 15, 1956, in Lima) was a Peruvian painter, muralist, and educator. He was "the most renowned early supporter" and thus a leader in the artistic indigenist movement of his country. As Daniel Balderston, Mike Gonzalez, and Ana M. López assert, Sabogal "became Peru's militant indigenist and aesthetic nationalist, and led this movement for the next thirty years."
Assy, Beloretsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Assy (Russian: Ассы; Bashkir: Асы, Ası) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Assinsky Selsoviet, Beloretsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 818 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

Beloretsky District
Beloretsky District (Russian: Белоре́цкий райо́н; Bashkir: Белорет районы, Beloret rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast in the north, Uchalinsky District in the east, Abzelilovsky District in the southeast, Burzyansky District in the south, Ishimbaysky District in the southwest, and with Gafuriysky and Arkhangelsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 11,302.58 square kilometers (4,363.95 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Beloretsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 38,442.
Sunnybrook Park
Sunnybrook Park is a large public park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located north of Leaside and south of the Bridle Path areas of the city. The park is home to many bike trails, dog parks, and Sunnybrook Stables.

Leaside
Leaside (/'liːˌsaɪd/) is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located northeast of Downtown Toronto, in the vicinity of Eglinton Avenue East and Bayview Avenue. It is one of the most expensive and exclusive neighbourhoods in the city. The area takes its name from William Lea and the Lea family, who settled there in the early years of the 19th century. The area first developed as farmland along with Toronto through the 19th century. It was incorporated as a town in 1913. In 1967, it amalgamated with the township of East York to form the borough of East York. In 1998, it became part of the city of Toronto.
Neil Mackie
Neil Mackie CBE (born 1946) is a Scottish tenor. During his career as a singer, he was associated with the works of 20th-century composers, particularly Benjamin Britten, and  Peter Maxwell Davies. He created the title role in Davies's opera The Martyrdom of St Magnus and Sandy in his The Lighthouse and performed in the world premieres of Davies's Into the Labyrinth, cantata for tenor and chamber orchestra,  and The Jacobite Rising. He has also premiered vocal works by Elliott Carter (In Sleep, in Thunder), Hans Werner Henze (Three Auden Songs) and songs by Benjamin Britten.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
Judaization of Jerusalem
Judaization of Jerusalem (Arabic: تهويد القدس, romanized: tahwīd al-Quds;Hebrew: יהוד ירושלים, romanized: yehud Yerushalayim) is the view that Israel has sought to transform the physical and demographic landscape of Jerusalem to enhance its Jewish character at the expense of its Muslim and Christian ones. This also often involves the increasing Jewish presence in Jerusalem in the modern era, referring to the Jewish Old Yishuv becoming increasingly dominant since the Ottoman era; this process continued until Jews became the largest ethnoreligious group in Jerusalem since the mid-19th century and until the 1948 War when East Jerusalem became under Jordanian control.

Oren Yiftachel
Oren Yiftachel (Hebrew: אורן יפתחאל; born 1956) is an Israeli professor of political and legal geography, urban studies and urban planning at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, in Beersheba. He holds the Lynn and Lloyd Hurst Family Chair in Urban Studies.
Psathyrella maculata
Psathyrella maculata is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. Found most frequently in Europe, it was described as new to science by C.S. Parker and in 1972 given its current name by mycologist Alexander H. Smith.

Charles S. Parker
Charles Stewart Parker (1882–1950) was head of the Department of Botany at Howard University (1932 to 1948). He carried out the first systematic study of American species of the fungal genus Hypholoma and also collected over 2000 plant specimens, including several new species.
Saina (singer)
Ekaterina Arkadyevna Savvinova (Russian: Екатерина Аркадьевна Саввинова; born 17 July 1971), known professionally as Saina (Russian: Саина, Yakut: Саина), is a Yakut singer, songwriter and musician in the genre of ethnic music. Her stage name is derived from her real given name. Her song "Hello, Yakutsk!" became the unofficial anthem of Yakutsk.

Yakutsk
Yakutsk is the capital and largest city of Sakha, Russia, located about 450 km (280 mi) south of the Arctic Circle. Fueled by the mining industry, Yakutsk has become one of Russia's most rapidly growing regional cities, with a population of 355,443 at the 2021 census.

Yakutsk has an average annual temperature of −8.0 °C (17.6 °F), winter high temperatures consistently well below −20 °C (−4 °F), and a record low of −64.4 °C (−83.9 °F) has been recorded.

As a result, Yakutsk is the coldest major city in the world (although a number of smaller towns in that region are slightly colder). Yakutsk is also the largest city located in continuous permafrost; the only other large city is Norilsk, also in Siberia. Yakutsk is in the Central Yakutian Lowland and is a major port on the Lena River. It is served by the Yakutsk Airport as well as the smaller Magan Airport.
Euler (surname)
Euler is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), Swiss mathematician and physicist

Carl Euler (1834–1901), Swiss ornithologist

Hans Heinrich Euler (1901–1941), German physicist

Ingeborg Euler (1927-2005), German journalist and writer

Johann Euler (1734–1800), Swiss-Russian astronomer and mathematician

Ulf von Euler (1905–1983), Swedish physiologist, pharmacologist and Nobel laureate

Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1873–1964), Swedish biochemist and Nobel laureate

August Euler (1868–1957), German pioneer aviator

William Daum Euler (1875–1961), Canadian politician

Ulf von Euler
Ulf Svante von EulerForMemRS (7 February 1905 – 9 March 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters.
McNeir
McNeir is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clive Leo McNeir, British linguist and lexicographer

Forest McNeir (1875–1957), American sharpshooter and Olympian

Ronnie McNeir (born 1949), American singer and songwriter

William McNeir, member of Today (band)

Forest McNeir
Forest Waldemar "Seluya" McNeir (August 16, 1875 – May 9, 1957) was an American sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Washington, D.C., and died in Houston, Texas.

In 1920, McNeir won the gold medal as member of the American team in the team clay pigeons competition.
Doraemon: Nobita's Great Adventure in the South Seas
Doraemon: Nobita's Great Adventure in the South Seas (ドラえもん のび太の南海大冒険, Doraemon Nobita no Nankai Daibōuken) is a science fiction adventure film which premiered on March 7, 1998 in Japan, based on the 18th volume of the same name of the Doraemon Long Stories series. It won Best Animation Film at the 1998 Mainichi Film Awards and was also nominated for best animation film in the Japanese Media Arts Festival. In late 2014, Disney XD in Southeast Asia produced and aired an English dub version of this movie. It is the first Doraemon movie released after Fujiko F. Fujio's death. It's the 19th Doraemon film. It is partly based on the 1980 chapter "South Seas Adventure".

Mainichi Film Awards
The Mainichi Film Awards (毎日映画コンクール, Mainichi Eiga Konkūru)
are a series of annual film awards, sponsored by Mainichi Shimbun (毎日新聞), one of the largest newspaper companies in Japan, since 1946. It is the first film festival in Japan.
Scott Brownlee
Scott Alexander Brownlee (born 19 March 1969) is a New Zealand rower.

Brownlee was born in 1969 in Christchurch, New Zealand. His father is the rower Mark Brownlee and his cousin is the politician Gerry Brownlee.

He represented New Zealand at the 1992, 1996, and 2000 Summer Olympics in the coxless four. He is listed as New Zealand Olympian athlete number 600 by the New Zealand Olympic Committee. Brownlee is currently the CEO of Schick Civil Construction Ltd.

New Zealand at the 1992 Summer Olympics
New Zealand competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. The New Zealand Olympic Committee was represented by 134 athletes and 70 officials. 134 competitors, 92 men and 42 women, took part in 87 events in 17 sports. Ralph Roberts was the team's Chef de Mission.
Passaic, Rutherford and Carlstadt Electric Railway
The Passaic, Rutherford and Carlstadt Electric Railway was a trolley line incorporated in 1889 and consolidated into the Paterson, Passaic and Rutherford Electric Railway in 1893.

It served the Rutherford station on the Erie Railroad-controlled Paterson and Hudson River Railroad (today's Bergen County Line and the Carlstadt station on the Erie-controlled Hackensack and New York Railroad (today's Pascack Valley Line, although the station has been removed), using Paterson Plank Road for most of its length.

List of New Jersey street railroads

Paterson Plank Road
Paterson Plank Road is a road that runs through Passaic, Bergen and Hudson Counties in northeastern New Jersey. The route, originally laid in the colonial era, connects the city of Paterson and the Hudson River waterfront. It has largely been superseded by Route 3, but in the many towns it passes it has remained an important local thoroughfare, and in some cases been renamed.
Kazuki Akane
Kazuki Akane (赤根 和樹, Akane Kazuki; born March 24, 1962, in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture) is a Japanese animation director. Until the early 2000s, he was a staff member of the anime studio Sunrise, where he collaborated with Shoji Kawamori to direct his most famous work, The Vision of Escaflowne. Since that time, he worked extensively with Satelight (and occasionally again with Kawamori, who is the studio's executive director) before going freelance once more to direct the Birdy the Mighty TV series, among other projects.

Satelight
Satelight, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社サテライト, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sateraito) is a Japanese animation studio. Aside from several stand-alone projects, the studio is well known for producing the Aquarion and Symphogear franchises, as well as later installments of the Macross franchise. The company's Representative Director is Michiaki Satō. The noted anime director and creator Shōji Kawamori is a special adviser at the studio. The name Satelight consists of S for Sapporo, A for Animate, T for Technology, and E for Entertainment.
José Hugo Garaycoa Hawkins
José Hugo Garaycoa Hawkins (2 June 1930 – 27 March 2018) was a Roman Catholic bishop.

Garaycoa Hawkins was born in Peru and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961. He served as titular bishop of Horæa and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima, Peru, from 1982 to 1991. He then served as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tacna y Moquegua, Peru, from 1991 to 2006.

Archdiocese of Lima
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima (Latin: Archidioecesis Limana) is part of the Catholic Church in Peru which enjoys full communion with the Holy See. The Archdiocese was founded as the Diocese of Lima on 14 May 1541. The diocese was raised to the level of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Paul III on 12 February 1546.  One of its archbishops was the saint Torribio Mogrovejo.

The suffragan dioceses are: Callao, Carabayllo, Chosica, Huacho, Ica, Lurín, and (Territorial Prelature) Yauyos.   From 1999 to 2019 the Archbishop of Lima was Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, made Cardinal in 2001. The Archbishop's Palace of Lima is the headquarters of the archdiocese.
Chrysojasminum odoratissimum
Chrysojasminum odoratissimum, the fragrant jasmine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae. It is native to Madeira and the Canary Islands. A scrambling evergreen climber reaching 2.5 m (8 ft), under its synonym Jasminum odoratissimum it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as a wall shrub.

Oleaceae
Oleaceae (/ˌoʊliˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), also known as the olive family or sometimes the lilac family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales. It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct. The extant genera include Cartrema, which was resurrected in 2012. The number of species in the Oleaceae is variously estimated in a wide range around 700. The flowers are often numerous and highly odoriferous. The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, ranging from the subarctic to the southernmost parts of Africa, Australia, and South America. Notable members include olive, ash, jasmine, and several popular ornamental plants including privet, forsythia, fringetrees, and lilac.
Guide bar
Guide bars, or guiding bars are rubber-tyred metro systems that incorporate 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge track. They have angle irons as  outside of the two roll ways.

The Busan Subway Line 4 lacks a rail track, and has I-beams installed as guide bars.

The flanges are vertical. The Sapporo Municipal Subway, that lacks a rail track as well, has no guide bars. It has a central guide rail instead. Guide bars are also used to provide guidance for guided buses.

Structural steel
Structural steel is steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section. Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries.

Structural steel shapes, such as I-beams, have high second moments of area, so can support a high load without excessive sagging.
Golo, Vodice
Golo (pronounced [ˈɡɔːlɔ], German: Golu) is a former settlement in the Municipality of Vodice in central Slovenia. It is now part of the village of Selo pri Vodicah. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Vodice
The Municipality of Vodice (pronounced [ʋɔˈdiːtsɛ]; Slovene: Občina Vodice) is a municipality in the traditional region of Upper Carniola in north-central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Vodice. Vodice became a municipality in 1994.
Simone LeAmon
Simone LeAmon is an Australian designer, artist, curator and educator. LeAmon is the Chief Executive Officer of the Design Institute of Australia. From 2015–25, LeAmon was the inaugural Hugh D.T Williamson Curator of Contemporary Design and Architecture at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. LeAmon is also an Adjunct Professor in Design and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne.

Design Institute of Australia
The Design Institute of Australia (DIA) is an Australian organisation that represents designers in Australia. The DIA acts as a professional body representing all disciplines of design, and undertakes work such as the promotion of ethical standards for the design industry, as well as promoting co-operation between individual designers.
The Great Eastern (radio show)
The Great Eastern was a radio comedy show on CBC Radio One.  It ran from 1994 to 1999.

Billed as "Newfoundland's Cultural Magazine", The Great Eastern was an hour-long summer replacement show on CBC Radio One for the first two seasons, and then became a half-hour regular show for the next three seasons. Purportedly a culture, arts and entertainment show on the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland (BCN), The Great Eastern was in fact a satirical and parodic comedy which developed an extensive fictional universe of characters and Newfoundland institutions.

CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet, and through mobile apps. CBC Radio One is simulcast across Canada on Bell Satellite TV satellite channels 956 and 953, and Shaw Direct satellite channel 870.
A modified version of Radio One, with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming, is available on Sirius XM channel 169. It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart, Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

In 2010, Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week. It was the largest radio network in Canada.
Allinge Church
Allinge Church (Danish: Allinge Kirke) is the parish church of Allinge-Sandvig on the Danish island of Bornholm. It stands at the centre of Allinge on a hill some 11 metres above sealevel. Initially just a small granite longhouse from the around the 14th century, in 1892 it was completely rebuilt in the Neogothic style.

Allinge-Sandvig
Allinge-Sandvig is a small town on the northern coast of the Baltic island of Bornholm, Denmark. Its population is 1,446 (1 January 2025). It was part of the former municipality Allinge-Gudhjem. Sandvig is the northernmost part of the town.
Old Rogaum and His Theresa
"Old Rogaum and His Theresa" is a short story written by Theodore Dreiser. It was originally published in Reedy's Mirror on December 12, 1901 under the title of "Butcher Rogaum's Door." It subsequently appeared in the 1918 volume Free and Other Stories. With this short story, Dreiser begins to move from allegory to realism dealing with issues including sexual behavior, city life, immigrant struggles, and the conflicts between children and their parents.

Reedy's Mirror
Reedy's Mirror was a literary journal in St. Louis, Missouri in the fin de siècle era. It billed itself "The Mid-West Weekly".

Contributors included Edna St. Vincent Millay, Robert Frost, Carl Sandburg, Ezra Pound, Vachel Lindsay, Harris Merton Lyon, Sara Teasdale, Albert Bloch and Theodore Dreiser.

Edgar Lee Masters first published parts of his Spoon River Anthology in Reedy's Mirror over the course of 1914.