hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shadow Cabinet of Simon Bridges
The Shadow Cabinet of Simon Bridges was the official Opposition in the 52nd New Zealand Parliament between 11 March 2018 and 22 May 2020. It comprised all members of the New Zealand National Party, which was the largest party not a member of the Government.

Simon Bridges was elected Leader of the National Party and Leader of the Opposition on 27 February 2020 and announced his first shadow cabinet two weeks later. The portfolio allocations were amended six times during the term as a number of National members of Parliament either resigned or announced their intention not to contest the 2020 general election.

Following Bridges' defeat by Todd Muller in the May 2020 National Party leadership election and the formation of Muller's shadow Cabinet, the Bridges shadow Cabinet ceased to exist.

Official Opposition (New Zealand)
The Official Opposition (formally His Majesty's Loyal Opposition) in New Zealand is usually the largest political party or coalition that is not a member of the ruling government—it does not provide ministers. This is usually the second-largest party in the House of Representatives, although in certain unusual circumstances it may be the largest party (due to a larger government bloc), or even a third or fourth party.

The Official Opposition forms a shadow cabinet headed by the leader of the Opposition and comprising senior MPs with the same portfolio interests as the government's ministers. Unlike in the United Kingdom, where members of the shadow cabinet are called "shadow ministers," the members of New Zealand's shadow cabinet are called "opposition spokespeople."
Van Emden
van Emden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anicka van Emden (born 1986), Dutch judoka

Helmut Fritz van Emden, entomologist

Jos van Emden (born 1985), Dutch cyclist

Richard van Emden (born 1965), English writer

Maarten van Emden (1937 – 2023), Dutch-Canadian computer scientist

Anicka van Emden
Anicka van Emden (born 10 December 1986) is a Dutch retired judoka who won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro (shared with Yarden Gerbi). She also won bronze medals at the 2011 and 2013 World Judo Championships.

Since 2007, van Emden works 16 hours a week as a radio diagnostic technician at the Haaglanden Medical Centre in The Hague.
Tacnode
In classical algebraic geometry, a tacnode (also called a point of osculation or double cusp) is a kind of singular point of a curve. It is defined as a point where two (or more) osculating circles to the curve at that point are tangent. This means that two branches of the curve have ordinary tangency at the double point.

The canonical example is

A tacnode of an arbitrary curve may then be defined from this example, as a point of self-tangency locally diffeomorphic to the point at the origin of this curve. Another example of a tacnode is given by the links curve shown in the figure, with equation

Local property
In mathematics, a mathematical object is said to satisfy a property locally, if the property is satisfied on some limited, immediate portions of the object (e.g., on some sufficiently small or arbitrarily small neighborhoods of points).
Sampson v. Channell
Sampson v. Channell, 110 F.2d 754 (1st Cir. 1940), was a United States Court of Appeals decision interpreting the application of the Erie doctrine (derived from Erie v. Tompkins) where diversity jurisdiction is invoked in a choice of law situation, where a court in one state may be called upon to apply the laws of another state.

The Appellate court concluded that the federal district court must act as if it were a state court of the state in question, so long as the application of the state's substantive law might change the outcome of the case. This led to the anomaly that the federal courts must treat certain things (such as burdens of proof and statutes of limitations) as substantive law, even if the state treats these same things as merely procedural, as a justification for using their own law instead of the law of another state.

Choice of law
Choice of law is a procedural stage in the litigation of a case involving the conflict of laws when it is necessary to reconcile the differences between the laws of different legal jurisdictions, such as sovereign states, federated states (as in the US), or provinces. The outcome of this process is potentially to require the courts of one jurisdiction to apply the law of a different jurisdiction in lawsuits arising from, say, family law, tort, or contract. The law which is applied is sometimes referred to as the "proper law." Dépeçage is an issue within choice of law.
Rupjyoti Kurmi
Rupjyoti Kurmi (born 24 July 1977) is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party.  In May 2021, he was elected as a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly from Mariani (constituency). He defeated Ramani Tanti of Bharatiya Janata Party by 2,446 votes in 2021 Assam Assembly election. In June 2021, he was expelled from Indian National Congress due to disagreement of promotion of the youngster in the party and for his anti-party activities. He joined Bharatiya Janata Party in the presence of Chief Minister of Assam Himanta Biswa Sarma. He is the son of former cabinet minister, Rupam Kurmi. He sparked a controversy in April 2023, asking to demolish Taj Mahal and Qutub Minar to build Hindu temples on their sites.

Anti-incumbency
Anti-incumbency is sentiment in favor of voting out incumbent politicians, for the specific reason of being incumbent politicians. It is sometimes referred to as a "throw the bums out" sentiment. Periods of anti-incumbent sentiment are typically characterized by wave elections. This sentiment can also lead to support for term limits.

In a two-party system, anti-incumbent voters have only one party to vote for, when voting against the incumbent; in a multi-party system, public mood, i.e., the tendency of opinions held by voters over a set of related policy issues, can determine which parties receive the anti-incumbent vote.
Service-oriented infrastructure
Service Oriented Infrastructure or SOI provides a system for describing information technology (IT) infrastructure as a service. The underlying principles go back to, among others, Mainframe and LDAP technologies; SOI provides a framework or mindset for making business benefits measurable.

IT infrastructure
Information technology infrastructure is defined broadly as a set of information technology (IT) components that are the foundation of an IT service; typically physical components (computer and networking hardware and facilities), but also various software and network components.

According to the ITIL Foundation Course Glossary, IT Infrastructure can also be termed as “All of the hardware, software, networks, facilities, etc., that are required to develop, test, deliver, monitor, control or support IT services."
Salnave Philippe-Auguste
Salnave Philippe-Auguste (1908 - 1989) was a Haitian painter, lawyer, and magistrate known for his jungle scenes.

Philippe-Auguste's work was included in the travelling exhibition, "Haitian Art,"
organized by the Brooklyn Museum in 1978, which traveled to the Milwaukee Art Center (now the Milwaukee Art Museum), and the New Orleans Museum of Art. It was also included posthumously in 2020 in New York in “Saving Grace: A Celebration of Haitian Art” and covered in the New York Times. Philippe-Auguste was also the subject of a 2002 Danish documentary Drømmere (Dreamers).

Haitians
Haitians (Haitian Creole: Ayisyen, French: Haïtiens) are the citizens and nationals of Haiti. The Haitian people have their origins in West and Central Africa with the most spoken language being Haitian Creole. The larger Haitian diaspora includes individuals that trace ancestry to Haiti and self-identify as Haitian but are not necessarily Haitian by citizenship. The United States and the Dominican Republic have the largest Haitian populations in the world after Haiti.

An ethnonational group, Haitians generally comprise the modern descendants of self-liberated Africans in the Caribbean territory historically referred to as Saint-Domingue. This includes the mulatto minority who denote corresponding European ancestry, notably from French settlers.
Dewey Lusk
Dewey Lusk (born October 7, 1962) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Bluefield University, a position he has held since 2017. He was the head football coach for the University of Virginia's College at Wise from 2011 to 2015. He also coached for Gardner–Webb, Abingdon High School, Emory & Henry, and Webber International.

Webber International Warriors
The Webber International Warriors are the athletic teams that represent Webber International University (WIU), located in Babson Park, Florida, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Sun Conference (formerly known as the Florida Sun Conference (FSC) until after the 2007–08 school year) for most of its sports since the 1990–91 academic year.

Its football team formerly competed in the Mid-South Conference (MSC) until after the 2021 fall season. They are also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the South Region of the Division I level.
Neu-Isenburg
Neu-Isenburg (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈʔiːzn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ, lit. 'New Isenburg') is a town in Germany, located in the Offenbach district of Hesse. It is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area and has a population of 38,204 (2020). The town is known nowadays mainly for its regionally used shopping centre, the Isenburg-Zentrum (IZ), the Hugenottenhalle, the Hotel Kempinski Frankfurt, the Autokino Gravenbruch (the oldest drive-in cinema in Europe), the Sportpark, the Waldschwimmbad (swimming pool) and its location near Frankfurt Airport.

Offenbach am Main
Offenbach am Main (German pronunciation: [ˈɔfn̩bax ʔam ˈmaɪn] ⓘ, lit. 'Offenbach on the Main') is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the left bank of the river Main. It borders Frankfurt and is part of the Frankfurt urban area and the larger Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. It has a population of 138,335 (December 2018).

In the 20th century, the city's economy was built on machine-building, leather-making, typography and design, and the automobile and pharmaceutical industries.
Baghdad Batteries (Orbsessions Volume III)
Baghdad Batteries (Orbsessions Volume III) is the ninth studio album by ambient techno group the Orb, released in September 2009. The album sees Alex Paterson again working with Thomas Fehlmann, and it serves as a continuation of the style the two explored earlier on Okie Dokie It's the Orb on Kompakt.

Ambient techno
Ambient techno is a subgenre of techno that incorporates the atmospheric textures of ambient music with the rhythmic elements and production of techno. It was pioneered by 1990s electronic artists such as Aphex Twin, Carl Craig, The Orb, The Future Sound of London, the Black Dog, Pete Namlook and Biosphere.
Benjamin F. Roberts
Benjamin Franklin Roberts (September 4, 1815 – September 6, 1881) was an African-American printer, writer, activist and abolitionist in Boston, Massachusetts, whose famous case on behalf of his daughter, Sarah Roberts v. Boston, resulted in a verdict that laid the foundation for "separate but equal", but was also cited in the landmark 1954 case Brown vs. Board of Education. Despite losing his case seeking access to schools near his home for his 5-year-old daughter at the Massachusetts Supreme Court, he was successful in 1855 bringing the issue to the state legislature.

Robert Benjamin Lewis
Robert Benjamin Lewis (1802 - February 1858) was an African and Native American author, best known for writing Light and Truth. He also was an entrepreneur, successfully marketing hair oil and other commodities, and also held three United States patents.
Lisa Staiano-Coico
Lisa Frances Staiano-Coico (born February 26, 1956) is an American microbiologist. She served as the 12th president of the City College of the City University of New York from 2010 to 2016.

A graduate of Brooklyn College 1976, Coico became the first City University of New York alumna appointed to head the City College of New York. Coico resigned on October 7, 2016, amidst federal and state investigations into her finances.

James Milliken (academic administrator)
James Bennett Milliken (born 1957) is an American academic administrator and former lawyer, currently serving as the 22nd president of the University of California system since August 2025.

Milliken served as the 12th chancellor of the University of Texas system from September 2018 to May 2025, as the 7th chancellor of the City University of New York system from June 2014 to May 2018, as the 6th president of the University of Nebraska system from 2004 to 2014, and as senior vice president at the University of North Carolina system from 1998 to 2004. Before his academic administration career, Milliken practiced law in New York City from 1983 to 1988.
1985–86 County Championship
The 1985–86 County Championship was the 44th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off  to gain promotion to Divizia C.

Liga IV
Liga IV is the fourth level of the Romanian football league system and is run in all 41 counties and in the Municipality of Bucharest. It was known as the Regional Championship, County Championship, Divizia C – County Phase and Divizia D. Its name was changed into Liga IV before the start of the 2006–07 season.
SS Hobbs Victory
SS Hobbs Victory was a cargo Victory ship built for World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. Hobbs Victory, was launched on January 9, 1945 by Permanente Metals Corporation, Richmond, California and completed on January 9, 1945. She was built in just 87 days. She was operated by the Sudden & Christenson for the United States Maritime Commission.

Emergency Shipbuilding Program
The Emergency Shipbuilding Program (late 1940 – September 1945) was a United States government effort to quickly build simple cargo ships to carry troops and materiel to allies and foreign theatres during World War II. Run by the U.S. Maritime Commission, the program built almost 6,000 ships.
Lehmkuhl
Lehmkuhl (from lehm = clay + kule = pit) is a North German occupational or habitational surname, it refers to a person working or living at a clay pit. The Americanized version of the name is "Lemcool". Notable people with the surname include:

Joakim Lehmkuhl (1895–1984), Norwegian engineer, industrialist and politician

Kristofer Lehmkuhl (1855–1949), Norwegian politician, father of Joakim
Statsraad Lehmkuhl, a three-masted barque named after him

Reichen Lehmkuhl (born 1973), American reality show winner, male model

Wiebke Lehmkuhl (born 1983), German opera singer

Reichen Lehmkuhl
Reichen Lehmkuhl, (born Richard Allen Lehmkuhl; December 26, 1973) is an American lawyer, businessman, reality show winner, former model, and former occasional actor. A former United States Air Force officer with the rank of captain, he is best known for winning season four of the reality game show The Amazing Race with his then-partner Chip Arndt, and for his much publicized 2006 relationship with pop singer Lance Bass.
Sam Farrow
Sam Farrow is a British long-distance swimmer. In September 2024, she claimed a new world record for a British female swimmer after swimming the length of Lake Geneva – a distance of 45.2 miles (78.2km) – in 22 hours and 48 minutes.

Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva is a deep lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône. Sixty percent (345.31 km2 or 133.32 sq mi) of the lake belongs to Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Valais) and forty percent (234.71 km2 or 90.62 sq mi) to France (the department of Haute-Savoie).
Diocese of Central Solomons
The Diocese of Central Solomons is one of the ten current dioceses of the Anglican Church of Melanesia.

The diocese was inaugurated on 4 May 1997, erected from part of the Diocese of Central Melanesia. The cathedral was and remains Christ the King Cathedral, Tulagi. The Central Solomons diocese was divided on 23 June 2013, in order to erect the new Diocese of Guadalcanal by decision of the Anglican Church of Melanesia General Synod; Rennell and Bellona moved to the new diocese while the Nggela and Savo remained. Following that division, the population covered by the Diocese of Central Solomons was around to 17,700.

Bellona Island
Bellona Island (indigenous name Mungiki) is an island within Rennell and Bellona Province, in Solomon Islands. Its length is about 10 km (6.2 mi) and its average width 2.5 km (1.6 mi). Its area is about 17 km2 (6.6 sq mi). It is almost entirely surrounded by 30–70 m (100–230 ft) high cliffs, consisting primarily of raised coral limestone.
Rafah, Egypt
Rafah (Arabic: رفح, IPA: [ˈɾɑfɑħ]) was a city in North Sinai and Egypt's eastern border with the Gaza Strip, Palestine. It was the capital of Rafah center in North Sinai Governorate, and is situated on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Egypt.

Rafah is the site of the Rafah Border Crossing, the sole crossing point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. The Egyptian government announced in early 2015 that it would raze the entire city and build a new settlement for its residents, in order to expand a security buffer between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. The Egyptian military began bulldozing sections of Rafah in late 2014. By 2021, the Egyptian military had demolished at least 7,460 buildings in Rafah.

Politics of Egypt
The politics of Egypt takes place within the framework of a republican semi-presidential system of government. The current political system was established following the 2013 Egyptian military coup d'état, and the takeover of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In the current system, the President is elected for a six-year term. Furthermore, the President has the power to dissolve Parliament through Article 137.
The Parliament of Egypt is the oldest legislative chamber in Africa and the Middle East. The House of Representatives has the ability to impeach the President through Article 161. With 2020 elections to the new Senate, the chamber became bicameral.
Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank
The Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB) is a National Resource established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1986 to bank and distribute at cost hybridomas and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) they produce to the basic science community worldwide. It is housed in the Department of Biology at the University of Iowa.

John Gurdon
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon  FRS (2 October 1933 – 7 October 2025) was a British developmental biologist, best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation and cloning.

Awarded the Lasker Award in 2009, in 2012, he and Shinya Yamanaka were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells.
Tiziano Tagliani
Tiziano Tagliani (born 10 March 1959 in Ferrara) is an Italian politician.

He is a member of the Democratic Party and he was elected Mayor of Ferrara on 23 June 2009. Tagliani was re-elected for a second term on 28 May 2014.

He served as President of the Province of Ferrara from 2014 to 2018.

Tagliani is married to Paola Cristofori, daughter of former minister Nino Cristofori.

Province of Ferrara
The province of Ferrara (Italian: provincia di Ferrara; Emilian: pruvîncia ad Fràra) is a province in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. Its capital is the city of Ferrara. As of May 2023, it has a population of 338,143 inhabitants over an area of 2,635.12 square kilometres (1,017.43 sq mi). The province contains 23 comuni (sg.: comune), listed in the list of comuni of the province of Ferrara. Its provincial president is Gianni Michele Padovani.
Irving Cleghorn
Irving Moffat Cleghorn (August 22, 1863 – November 14, 1929) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada.  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1929, as a member of the Manitoba Liberal Party.

Born in Moffat, Scotland, Cleghorn came to Canada with his family at the age of four. They settled in Wingham, Ontario. He studied medicine at the Manitoba Medical College and set up practice in Belmont, Manitoba in 1891, moving to Baldur the following year.  Cleghorn also operated a pharmacy in Baldur from 1903 until 1929. He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1927 provincial election, defeating Progressive incumbent Charles Cannon by 84 votes.

The election was won by the Progressive Party.  Cleghorn served on the opposition benches for the next two years and died at home in Baldur while still a member of the legislature.

Rural Municipality of Prairie Lakes
The Rural Municipality of Prairie Lakes is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The Rural Municipality of Prairies lakes surrounds most of the north end of Pelican Lake. There are several other lakes in the RM such as Grass Lake, Overend Lake, Bone Lake, Lorne Lake, Louise Lake, Lloyds Lake, Noble Lake and many more that are all much smaller than Pelican Lake.
Superluminal motion
In astronomy, superluminal motion is the apparently faster-than-light motion seen in some radio galaxies, BL Lac objects, quasars, blazars and recently also in some galactic sources called microquasars. Bursts of energy moving out along the relativistic jets emitted from these objects can have a proper motion that appears to have speed greater than the speed of light. All of these sources are thought to contain a black hole, responsible for the ejection of mass at high velocities. Light echoes can also produce apparent superluminal motion.

3C 273
3C 273 is a quasar located at the center of a giant elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. It was the first quasar ever to be identified and is the visually brightest quasar in the sky as seen from the Earth, with an apparent visual magnitude of 12.9. The derived distance to this object is 749 megaparsecs (2.4 billion light-years). The mass of its central supermassive black hole is approximately 900 million times the mass of the Sun.
Csaba Giczy
Csaba Giczy (born 5 August 1945) is a Hungarian canoe sprinter who competed from the late 1960s to the late 1970s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won two medals at Mexico City in 1968 with a silver in the K-2 1000 m and a bronze in the K-4 1000 m events.

Giczy also won eight medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with three golds (K-1 4 x 500 m: 1971, K-4 1000 m: 1973, K-4 10000 m: 1973), three silvers (K-4 10000 m: 1971, 1974, 1977), and two bronzes (K-4 1000 m: 1970, 1974).

1970 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1970 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark for the second time after hosting the event in 1950. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. Beginning at these championships, the event would be held on an annual basis in non-Summer Olympic years, a tradition that continues as of 2026.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the eighth championships in canoe sprint.