hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brownvale
Brownvale is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Peace No. 135. It is located on Highway 737 less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) off Highway 2, approximately 48 kilometres (30 mi) southwest of the Town of Peace River and 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Grimshaw. Duncan's First Nation reserve is less than 5 km (3.1 mi) to the south.

The community originated in the mid-1920s when the railway was extended from Berwyn to Whitelaw.  The hamlet was named after John Brown who came to the area in 1913.  In 1924 his homestead was chosen for the location of the community.

Northern Alberta
Northern Alberta is a geographic region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

An informally defined cultural region, the boundaries of Northern Alberta are not fixed. Under some schemes, the region encompasses everything north of the centre of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor, including most of the province's landmass as well as its capital, Edmonton. Other schemes place Edmonton and its surrounding farmland in Central Alberta, limiting Northern Alberta to the northern half of the province, where forestry, oil, and gas are the dominant industries.

Its primary industry is oil and gas, with large heavy oil reserves being exploited at the Athabasca oil sands and Wabasca area in the east of the region. Natural gas is extracted in Peace region and Chinchaga-Rainbow areas in the west, and forestry and logging are also developed in the boreal forests of this region. As of 2023, the region had a population of approximately 374,572.
Justin Hocking (ice hockey)
Justin Hocking (born January 9, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played one game in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Los Angeles Kings during the 1993–94 NHL season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1993 to 2002, was spent in the minor leagues.

Born in Stettler, Alberta, Hocking was selected in the second round (39th overall) in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft by the Los Angeles Kings.

Hocking also played in the International Hockey League, ECHL, American Hockey League  and later in the British Ice Hockey Superleague.

International Hockey League
The International Hockey League (IHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada that operated from 1945 to 2001. The IHL served as the National Hockey League (NHL)'s alternate farm system to the American Hockey League (AHL). After 56 years of operation, financial instability led to the league's demise. Six of the surviving seven teams merged into the AHL in 2001.
2015 UNOH 225
The 2015 UNOH 225 was the 10th stock car race of the 2015 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, and the 5th iteration of the event. The race was held on Thursday, July 9, 2015, in Sparta, Kentucky at Kentucky Speedway, a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) permanent tri-oval shaped racetrack. The race was decreased from 150 to 145 laps, due to the damage sustained from the catchfence after Ben Kennedy's terrifying crash. Matt Crafton, driving for ThorSport Racing, would take advantage of the lead on the eventual final restart, and won the race after leading when the red flag came out and ultimately ended the race. This was Crafton's ninth career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win, and his fourth of the season. Crafton and Erik Jones had dominated the majority of the race, leading 43 and 55 laps, respectively. To fill out the podium, Erik Jones, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports, and Ryan Blaney, driving for Brad Keselowski Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Kyle Busch Motorsports
Kyle Busch Motorsports (KBM) is an American professional dirt racing team that competes in dirt divisions across the United States. They formerly competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, NASCAR Xfinity Series, CARS Tour, ARCA/CRA Super Series, Southern Super Series, ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, and ARCA Menards Series West, and was also the parent company of Super Late Model chassis constructor Rowdy Manufacturing. Originally fielding Toyota Tundras since its inception, the team switched to Chevrolet Silverados beginning in 2023. The team last fielded two full-time Chevrolet Silverados: the No. 4 for Chase Purdy and the No. 51, which was driven each year by the team owner Kyle Busch along with Jack Wood and multiple Chevrolet drivers from other NASCAR series.
Pholiota flammans
Pholiota flammans, commonly known as the yellow pholiota, the flaming Pholiota, or the flame scalecap, is a basidiomycete agaric mushroom of the genus Pholiota. Its fruit body is golden-yellow in color throughout, while its cap and stem are covered in sharp scales. As it is a saprobic fungus, the fruit bodies typically appear in clusters on the stumps of dead coniferous trees. P. flammans is distributed throughout Europe, North America, and Asia in boreal and temperate regions. Its edibility has not been clarified.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
Split link
In the mathematical field of knot theory, a split link is a link that has a (topological) 2-sphere in its complement separating one or more link components from the others. A split link is said to be splittable, and a link that is not split is called a non-split link or not splittable.  Whether a link is split or non-split corresponds to whether the link complement is reducible or irreducible as a 3-manifold.

A link with an alternating diagram, i.e. an alternating link, will be non-split if and only if this diagram is connected.  This is a result of the work of William Menasco.  A split link has many connected, non-alternating link diagrams.

3-manifold
In mathematics, a 3-manifold is a topological space that locally looks like a three-dimensional Euclidean space. A 3-manifold can be thought of as a possible shape of the universe. Just as a sphere looks like a plane (a tangent plane) to a small and close enough observer, all 3-manifolds look like our universe to a small enough observer. This is made more precise in the definition below.
Black Mesa (Apache-Navajo Counties, Arizona)
Black Mesa (also called Big Mountain) is an upland mountainous mesa of Arizona, north-trending in Navajo County, west and southeast-trending in Apache County. In Navajo it is called Dziłíjiin ('Black Mountain') and during Mexican rule of Arizona it was called Mesa de las Vacas (Spanish for 'mesa of the cows').  It derives its dark appearance from its pinyon-juniper and mixed conifer woodlands.

Apache County, Arizona
Apache County is a county in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. Shaped in a long rectangle running north to south, as of the 2020 census, its population was 66,021. The county seat is St. Johns.

Most of the county is occupied by part of the federally recognized Navajo Nation and the Fort Apache Indian Reservation.
Colaspis brunnea
Colaspis brunnea, the grape colaspis, is a species of leaf beetle from North America. It mainly occurs in the eastern United States. It is a pest of crop such as corn and soybeans, but damage by it has not been documented as economically significant. It is univoltine, and overwinters in the soil as larvae.

The adults are brown-colored (brunnea is Latin for brown) and are around 5 mm in length. The elytra have a series of parallel rows of "puncture" marks. The larvae are scarabaeiform grub with white-grey bodies and orange head capsules, and are between 5 and 6.5 mm long at the 10th instar.

Voltinism
Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations that an organism has each year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, in which silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism.

The following adjectives describe organisms:

Univoltine (monovoltine) – having one brood or generation per year

Bivoltine (divoltine) – having two broods or generations per year

Trivoltine – having three broods or generations per year

Multivoltine (polyvoltine) – having more than two broods or generations per year

Semivoltine – with two meanings:

being less than univoltine; having a brood or generation less often than once per year
having a generation time that lasts more than one year.
Esporte Clube Pelotas
Esporte Clube Pelotas, more commonly referred to as Pelotas, is a professional football club based in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Founded in 1908, it plays in the Campeonato Gaúcho A2, the state of Rio Grande do Sul's second tier of premier state league, holding home games at Estádio Boca do Lobo, with a 23,336-seat capacity.

The club competed several times in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B and in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, and won the Campeonato Gaúcho in 1930. Esporte Clube Pelotas women's football team competed in the 2008 Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino.

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
Motion (legal)
In United States law, a motion is a procedural device to bring a limited, contested issue before a court for decision. It is a request to the judge (or judges) to make a decision about the case. Motions may be made at any point in administrative, criminal or civil proceedings, although that right is regulated by court rules which vary from place to place. The party requesting the motion is the moving party or movant. The party opposing the motion is the nonmoving party or nonmovant.

Criminal procedure
Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail or incarcerated, and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Criminal procedure can be either in form of inquisitorial or adversarial criminal procedure.
Md. Enamur Rahaman
Md. Enamur Rahman (born 8 March 1957) is a Bangladesh Awami League politician. He served as the State Minister for Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief during 2019–2024 and the Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Dhaka-19 constituency during 2014–2024.

Dhaka-19
Dhaka-19 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh. Since 13th February, 2026, this constituency is represented by Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate Dewan Md Salauddin
UnixODBC
Free and open-source software portal

unixODBC is an open-source project that implements the Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) API. The code is provided under the GNU GPL/LGPL and can be built and used on many different operating systems, including most versions of Unix, Linux, Mac OS X, IBM OS/2 and Microsoft's Interix.

The goals of the project include:

Provide developers with the tools to port Microsoft Windows ODBC applications to other platforms with the minimum of code changes.

Maintain the project as a vendor neutral interface database SDK

Provide people who write ODBC drivers the tools to port their drivers to non Windows platforms

Provide the user with a set of GUI and command line tools for managing their database access

Maintain links with both the free software community and commercial database vendors, to ensure interoperability

Interix
Interix was an optional, POSIX-conformant Unix subsystem for Windows NT operating systems. Interix was a component of Windows Services for UNIX, and a superset of the Microsoft POSIX subsystem. Like the POSIX subsystem, Interix was an environment subsystem for the NT kernel. It included numerous open source utility software programs and libraries. Interix was originally developed and sold as OpenNT until purchased by Microsoft in 1999.

Interix versions 5.2 and 6.0 were respective components of Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Vista Enterprise, Windows Vista Ultimate, and Windows Server 2008 as Subsystem for Unix-based Applications (SUA). Version 6.1 was included in Windows 7 (Enterprise and Ultimate editions) but disabled by default, and in Windows Server 2008 R2 (all editions).
It was available as a deprecated separate download for Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, and is not available at all on Windows 10.
Mevlana University
Mevlana University (Turkish: Mevlana Üniversitesi) was a private (foundation) university located in Selçuklu, a metropolitan district of Konya, Turkey.

The university was founded in 2009 and takes its name from Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî. In July 2016, 196 faculty members, 3,784 undergraduate, 349 master, and 36 Ph.D. students were actively continuing their education at the university. On 23 July 2016, in the course of the 2016 Turkish purges, the university was closed by the Turkish government due to its alleged ties with the Gülen movement. Scholars at Risk has expressed concern at these mass closures, saying that they have a chilling effect on academic freedom, undermine democratic society, and may represent a grave threat to higher education in Turkey.

On 2 August 2016, Mevlana University's rights were transferred to Selçuk University. Students from the Faculty of Education were transferred to Necmettin Erbakan University. All other students were transferred to Selçuk University.

Selçuk University
Selçuk University (Turkish: Selçuk Üniversitesi) is a state-owned higher educational institution which was founded 1975 in Konya, Turkey. It is one of the largest universities in Turkey with a student body of 63,000 of which 2,200 are foreign students from 105 countries.

As of 2023, the university is ranked 20th by  Times Higher Education, 22nd by METU URAP and 16th by EduRank within Turkey.
Gata Cattana
Ana Isabel García Llorente (11 May 1991 – 2 March 2017), known as Gata Cattana and Ana Sforza, was a Spanish rapper, poet and feminist.

In her career she managed to combine hip hop and electronic music with various themes and styles such as feminism and politics. Her lyrics referenced to Andalusian culture, to the mythological topoi of the ancient age – especially Greek, Roman and ancient Egyptian literature – as well as poetry, philosophy and mass culture; her recurring themes included introspection, dialectical materialism, political andalusism, anti-globalization, existentialism and socialist feminism.

She died in the wake of an anaphylactic shock in 2017.

A documentary film about her life and work, Eterna, premiered in 2022.

Literary topos
In classical Greek rhetoric, topos, pl. topoi, (from Ancient Greek: τόπος "place", elliptical for Ancient Greek: τόπος κοινός tópos koinós, 'common place'), in Latin locus (from locus communis), refers  to a method for developing arguments (see topoi in classical rhetoric).
Phil's BBQ
Phil's BBQ is a barbeque restaurant that was founded by Phil Pace. Their first location opened in 1998 in the Mission Hills neighborhood of San Diego, California. They have since expanded and now have four restaurant locations, with additional outlets in San Diego International Airport and Petco Park. The restaurants have received positive reception both in terms of their reviews as well as their success. It was featured on the shows Adam Richman's Best Sandwich in America and Man v. Food. Phil's BBQ was the second most commonly reviewed business in the United States on Yelp for 2013.

San Diego International Airport
San Diego International Airport (IATA: SAN, ICAO: KSAN, FAA LID: SAN) is the primary international airport serving San Diego and its surrounding metropolitan area, in the U.S. state of California. The airport is located three miles (4.8 km; 2.6 nmi) northwest of downtown San Diego. It is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States and has a relatively small footprint, covering 663 acres (268 ha; 1.036 sq mi) of land. The airport is a hub for Alaska Airlines.

The airport is owned and operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority. It operates in controlled airspace served by Southern California TRACON. The airport's landing approach is close to the skyscrapers of downtown San Diego, and can sometimes prove difficult to pilots due to the relatively short usable landing area, steep descent angle over the crest of Bankers Hill, and shifting wind currents just before landing.
Ahlamu
The Ahlamu, or Aḫlamū, were a group or designation of Semitic semi-nomads. Their habitat was west of the Euphrates between the mouth of the Khabur and Palmyra.

They were first mentioned in sources of Rîm-Anum, a king of Uruk, ca. 1800 BC, and then in texts from Mari, and finally in the 14th century BC in Egyptian sources in one of the Amarna letters in the days of Akhenaten in which it is affirmed that the Ahlamu had advanced to the Euphrates.

Semitic people
Semitic people or Semites is a term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group associated with people of the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, including Akkadians (Assyrians and Babylonians), Arabs, Arameans, Canaanites (Ammonites, Edomites, Israelites, Moabites, Phoenicians, and Philistines) and Habesha peoples. The terminology is now largely unused outside the grouping "Semitic languages" in linguistics. First used in the 1770s by members of the Göttingen school of history, this biblical terminology for race was derived from Shem (שֵׁם), one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis, together with the parallel terms Hamites and Japhetites.

In archaeology, the term is sometimes used informally as "a kind of shorthand" for ancient Semitic-speaking peoples. Identification of pro-Caucasian racism has either partially or completely devalued the use of the term as a racial category, with the caveat that an inverse assessment would still be considered scientifically obsolete.
Murse World
Murse World is an American company headquartered in New Jersey that sells scrubs and accessories such as stethoscopes for use by male nurses and other medical professionals.  Murse World is an online store that resells merchandise directly to consumers via its own website.

Reseller
A reseller is a company or individual (merchant) that purchases goods or services with the intention of selling them  for profit rather than consuming or using them.   Resale can be seen in everyday life from yard sales to selling used cars.

Reselling creates a circulation of products, which extends the lifespan of products and reduces the amount of waste in landfills; a used clothing purchased over a new one saves an average about 1 kg of waste, 22 kg of CO2, and 3,040 liters of water.
In 2023 the apparel resale market in the US reached approximately $193.7 billion.
Charun-Oweer
Charun-Oweer is an isolated village 10 kilometers to the North of Charun in the Mastuj Tehsil of District Chitral District in Pakistan.

The village takes its name from Oweer Valley.  It lies at about 7,500 feet (2,300 m) above sea level. Charun-Oweer is bordered by River Mastuj and Jeenal-Kouch to the north, Booni River to the northeast.

An ancient rock engraving of Buddhist scriptures including Brahmi text exists in Charun Village of upper Chitral.

Chitral District
Chitral District (Khowar: ݯھیترارو ضلع; Urdu: ضلع چترال) was a district in the Malakand Division of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from 14 August 1947 to 2018. It was the northernmost and the largest district of the province, covering an area of 14,850 km2, before the district was split in two forming the new districts of Upper Chitral and Lower Chitral.

It shared district borders with Swat and Dir to the south, a provincial border with Gilgit-Baltistan to the east and the Durand Line as international border with Afghanistan to the north and west. Afghanistan's narrow strip of Wakhan Corridor separated Chitral from Tajikistan in the north.
San Bernardino Valley College
San Bernardino Valley College is a public community college in San Bernardino, California. It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The college has an enrollment of 17,044 students and covers 82 acres (33 ha). Valley College is also a part of the San Bernardino Community College District which includes Crafton Hills College located in nearby Yucaipa and the Professional Development Center in San Bernardino.

Yucaipa, California
Yucaipa (Serrano: Yukaipa't) is a city located 10 miles (16 km) east of San Bernardino, in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 54,542 at the 2020 census, up from 51,367 at the 2010 census. Yucaipa has the distinction of being the longtime home to a large population of Serrano Native Americans.
Lim Tae-hoon
Lim Tae-hoon (Korean: 임태훈; born 9 October 1975 in Yeongju, South Korea) is a human rights defender and was a lecturer of Kangwon University. He has been committed to women, youth, sexual minority issues along with rights of conscientious objection, soldiers, riot police and so on. He was the first head of Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea from 1998 to 2002.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Henschel P.87
The Henschel P.87 was a proposed single-engine Schnellbomber design put forth by German aircraft manufacturer Henschel for the Luftwaffe during WWII. It was to utilize the then rarely used tail-first canard arrangement, swept wings, and two vertical fins mounted on the wingtips.

Daimler-Benz DB 605
The Daimler-Benz DB 605 is a German aircraft engine built during World War II. Developed from the DB 601, the DB 605 was used from 1942 to 1945 in the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, and the Bf 110 and Me 210C heavy fighters.

The DB 610, a pair of DB 605s geared to turn a single output shaft that replaced the similar DB 606, was used in the A-3 and all A-5 variants of Germany's only operational heavy bomber, the Heinkel He 177A.

License-built versions of the DB 605 were used in the Macchi C.205, Fiat G.55, Reggiane 2005 and some other Italian aircraft. It was also used in the Swedish SAAB B 18B and initially in the pusher-design SAAB J 21. Approximately 42,400 DB 605s of all kinds were built.