hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bikas Chakrabarti
Bikas Kanta Chakrabarti (born 14 December 1952 in Kolkata (erstwhile Calcutta) is an Indian physicist.  At present he is INSA Scientist (Physics)  at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics & visiting professor (Economics) at the Indian Statistical Institute,  Kolkata, India.

Sergio Boixo
Sergio Boixo has degrees in computer engineering, philosophy, mathematics, and master and PhD in physics, and is best known for his work on quantum computing. He is currently working as Director of Quantum Computing for Google's Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab, a team he joined in 2013, shortly after its foundation.

Boixo is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a corresponding academician of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Aïgue Longue
The Aïgue Longue (French pronunciation: [aiɡ lɔ̃ɡ]; or Aygue Longue) is a left tributary of the Luy de Béarn, at Mazerolles, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Southwest of France. It is 24.4 km (15.2 mi) long.

Mazerolles, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Mazerolles (French pronunciation: [mazʁɔl]; Occitan: Maseròlas) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. The locally-famous pastry pastis d'Amélie is produced here, at the Larquier bakery.
Local differential privacy
Local differential privacy (LDP) is a model of differential privacy with the added requirement that if an adversary has access to the personal responses of an individual in the database, that adversary will still be unable to learn much of the user's personal data. This is contrasted with global differential privacy, a model of differential privacy that incorporates a central aggregator with access to the raw data.

Local differential privacy (LDP) is an approach to mitigate the concern of data fusion and analysis techniques used to expose individuals to attacks and disclosures. LDP is a well-known privacy model for distributed architectures that aims to provide privacy guarantees for each user while collecting and analyzing data, protecting from privacy leaks for the client and server. LDP has been widely adopted to alleviate contemporary privacy concerns in the era of big data.

Data fusion
Data fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and useful information than that provided by any individual data source.

Data fusion processes are often categorized as low, intermediate, or high, depending on the processing stage at which fusion takes place. Low-level data fusion combines several sources of raw data to produce new raw data. The expectation is that fused data is more informative and synthetic than the original inputs.

For example, sensor fusion is also known as (multi-sensor) data fusion and is a subset of information fusion.

The concept of data fusion has origins in the evolved capacity of humans and animals to incorporate information from multiple senses to improve their ability to survive. For example, a combination of sight, touch, smell, and taste may indicate whether a substance is edible.
Robert Sher-Machherndl
Robert Sher-Machherndl is a Colorado-based choreographer and former principal dancer with the Dutch National Ballet and Bavarian State Ballet.  He is the founder and currently the artistic director of Lemon Sponge Cake Contemporary Ballet in Boulder, CO.

Sher-Machherndl was born in Vienna, Austria. and relocated to the United States on an O-1 nonimmigrant visa (granted for aliens who possess extraordinary ability in the arts or other fields).

Dutch National Ballet
The Dutch National Ballet (Dutch: Het Nationale Ballet) is the official and largest ballet company in the Netherlands. Its forerunners were Ballet Der Lage Landen, Ballet of the Nederlandse Opera, Amsterdam Ballet, and Netherlands Ballet (Nederlands Ballet). As of March 2025 the company is directed by Ted Brandsen.
NTT Medical Center Tokyo
35°37′52.52″N 139°43′32.75″E﻿ / ﻿35.6312556°N 139.7257639°E﻿ / 35.6312556; 139.7257639

NTT Medical Center Tokyo (NTT東日本関東病院) is a private hospital located in the Gotanda district of Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. It was founded as Kanto Teishin Hospital for employees of the NTT Public Corporation in 1952, and was opened to the general public in 1986. The present hospital building was renovated in 2000. It was accredited by the Joint Commission International in 2011.

Shinagawa
Shinagawa (品川区, Shinagawa-ku) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The ward refers to itself as Shinagawa City in English. It is home to ten embassies.

As of 1 April 2016, Shinagawa had an estimated population of 380,293 and a population density of 16,510 persons per km2. The total area is 22.84 km2.

Shinagawa is also commonly used to refer to the business district around Shinagawa Station, which is not in Shinagawa Ward. This Shinagawa is in the Takanawa and Konan neighborhoods of Minato Ward, directly north of Kita-Shinagawa.
Zibo Sports Center Stadium
The Zibo City Sports Centre Stadium(Chinese: 淄博市体育中心体育场; pinyin: Zibo Shi Tiyuzhongxin Tiyuchang), is a football stadium in Zibo, Shandong, China. It hosts football matches and hosted the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship. The stadium holds 45,000 spectators.

2010 AFC U-19 Championship
The 2010 AFC U-19 Championship was the 36th edition of the tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation.

Qualification for the tournament started in October 2009 with the finals tournament being hosted in October 2010.

The AFC recommended China as the host for the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship Finals, which was subject to approval on 9 February 2010 and confirmed the hosting right's and finals venue of Zibo on 18 February 2010. The top four teams qualified for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Sanzeno
Sanzeno (Italian: [sanˈdzeːno], Nones: Sanzén) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 948 and an area of 8.0 square kilometres (3.1 mi2).

Municipalities of Trentino
This is a list of the 166 municipalities (comuni/gemeinden) of the autonomous province of Trentino in the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. Some municipalities have a second official language such as German (Cimbrian and Mócheno) and Ladin. Most German names of municipalities however are historical apart from the previously mentioned communities. The Ladin variety of the Fassa Valley is currently the only officially recognized one, in contrast to the varieties of Non and Sole Valley).
Nostromo
Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard (1904) is a novel by Joseph Conrad, set in the fictitious South American republic of "Costaguana". First serialized in monthly installments of T.P.'s Weekly, in 1998 it was ranked 47th on the Modern Library 100 Best Novels in 20th-century English. It is often considered Conrad's best work of long fiction, and F. Scott Fitzgerald famously said, "I'd rather have written Nostromo than any other novel."

T. P. O'Connor
Thomas Power O'Connor, PC (5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929), known as T. P. O'Connor and occasionally as Tay Pay (mimicking the Irish pronunciation of the initials T. P.), was an Irish nationalist politician and journalist who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years.
James Beck Swanston
James Beck Swanston (17 September 1878 – 8 July 1957) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Yeovil, Ontario and became a farmer and surgeon.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Maple Creek riding in the 1930 general election after unsuccessful campaigns there in 1925 and 1926. Swanston was defeated in the 1935 federal election by Charles Evans of the Liberal party.

1930 Canadian federal election
The 1930 Canadian federal election was held on July 28, 1930, to elect members  of the House of Commons of the 17th Parliament of Canada. Richard Bedford Bennett's Conservative Party won a majority government, defeating the Liberal Party led by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. 3,922,481 votes were cast in this election.
Les Onze Mille Verges
Les Onze Mille Verges ou les Amours d'un hospodar is a pornographic novel by French author Guillaume Apollinaire, published in 1907 over his initials "G.A.". The title contains a play on the Catholic veneration of the "Eleven thousand Virgins" (French: les onze mille vierges), the martyred companions of Saint Ursula, replacing the word vierge (virgin) with verge (rod) due to a slip of the tongue by the protagonist and as an omen of his fate. The use of the word verge may also be considered as a pun, for it is used as a vulgarism for the male member. Hospodar is a Slavic honorific.

It was translated into English by Alexander Trocchi (using the pseudonym "Oscar Mole") as The Debauched Hospodar (1953); by Nina Rootes as Les onze mille verges: or, The Amorous Adventures of Prince Mony Vibescu (1976); and later by Alexis Lykiard as The Eleven Thousand Rods (2008).

Saint Ursula
Ursula (Latin for 'little she-bear') was a Romano-British virgin and martyr possibly of royal origin. She is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion. Her feast day in the pre-1970 General Roman Calendar and in some regional calendars of the ordinary form of the Roman Rite is 21 October.
Flattop Island (Nunavut)
Flattop Island is one of several uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located within western Hudson Bay, 26.1 km (16.2 mi) from the community of Whale Cove.

Other islands in the vicinity include Airartuuq Island, Bibby Island, Imiligaarjuk Island, Imilijjuaq Island, Irik Island, Ivuniraarjuq Island, Kayak Island, and Walrus Island.

Whale Cove, Nunavut
Whale Cove (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ in Inuktitut syllabics) (Tikirarjuaq, meaning "long point"), is a hamlet in the Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada, on the western shore of Hudson Bay. It is located 74 km (46 mi) south southwest of Rankin Inlet and 145 km (90 mi) northeast of Arviat.

The community is named for the many beluga whales which congregate off the coast. Many of the inhabitants hunt these whales every fall and use their by-products for their oil and food. Whale Cove, initially settled by three distinct Inuit groups (one inland and two coastal), is a relatively traditional community: 95% Inuit, who wear fur, hunt, fish, eat raw meat and fish. Several bowhead whales may appear in the area as well. Whale Cove is on the polar bear migration route.

Local Inuit regularly travel by snowmobile in the winter or by boat in summer months between the hamlet of Rankin Inlet and Whale Cove, a distance of 100 km (62 mi). The terrain is Arctic tundra, this consists mostly of rocks, mosses and lichens.
Mossia
Mossia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It only contains one known species, Mossia intervallaris.

Its native range is Lesotho and South Africa and it is found in the provinces of the Cape Provinces, Free State and the Northern Provinces. It is listed as least concern on the Red List of South African Plants.

The genus name of Mossia is in honour of Charles Edward Moss (1870–1930), an English-born South African botanist, the youngest son of a nonconformist minister, and is noted for being the editor of the first two parts of The Cambridge British Flora published in 1914 and 1920. The Latin specific epithet of intervallaris refers to unusually long internodes (portion of a stem between two nodes). Both the genus and species were first described and published in Gard. Chron., series 3, Vol.87 on page 71 in 1930.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Crop milk
Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds in some species that is regurgitated to young birds. It is found among all pigeons and doves, where it is also referred to as pigeon milk. Crop milk is also secreted from the crop of flamingos and male emperor penguins, suggesting independent evolution of this trait. Unlike in mammals where typically only females produce milk, crop milk is produced by both males and females in pigeons and flamingos; and in penguins, only by the male.

Lactation in birds is controlled by prolactin, which is the same hormone that causes lactation in mammals. Crop milk is a holocrine secretion non-sex specific in response to brooding unlike in mammals where milk is an apocrine secretion. Crop milk contains both fat and protein, as with mammalian milk, but unlike mammalian milk, it contains no carbohydrates.

Holocrine
Holocrine (from Ancient Greek ὅλος; hólos, “whole, entire” + κρῑ́νω; krī́nō, “to separate”) is a term used to classify the mode of secretion in exocrine glands in the study of histology. Holocrine secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen.

Holocrine gland  secretion is the most damaging (to the cell itself and not to the host which begot the cell) type of secretion, with merocrine secretion being the least damaging and apocrine secretion falling in between.

Examples of holocrine glands include the sebaceous glands of the skin and the meibomian glands of the eyelid. The sebaceous gland is an example of a holocrine gland because its product of secretion (sebum) is released with remnants of dead cells.
Nieder-Olm
Nieder-Olm (German pronunciation: [ˈniːdɐ ʔɔlm], lit. 'Lower Olm', in contrast to "Upper Olm") is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Until 5 November 2006 it was an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – but it was raised to town the next day. It is still the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Nieder-Olm, and functions as a middle centre in the region.

Central place theory
Central place theory is an urban geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and range of market services in a commercial system or human settlements in a residential system. It was introduced in 1933 to explain the spatial distribution of cities across the landscape. The theory was first analyzed by German geographer Walter Christaller, who asserted that settlements simply functioned as 'central places' providing economic services to surrounding areas. Christaller explained that a large number of small settlements will be situated relatively close to one another for efficiency, and because people don't want to travel far for everyday needs, like getting bread from a bakery. But people would travel further for more expensive and infrequent purchases or specialized goods and services which would be located in larger settlements that are farther apart.
Lean CFP driven
Lean CFP (Complex Flow Production) Driven is a new approach which takes into account not only the widely implemented Lean manufacturing, but combines the principles of Lean with the Operating Curve, an approach based on the theoretical approach of  queuing theory developed in academia in the 1970s. The goal of Lean CFP Driven is to eliminate waste in order to achieve higher quality, increase productivity and at the same time understand the relationship between utilization, lead time and variability in order to maximize performance within the semiconductor industry.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it. While the matter of James's exclusion was not decided in Parliament during Charles's reign, it would come to a head only three years after James took the throne, when he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Finally, the Act of Settlement 1701 decided definitively that Roman Catholics were to be excluded from the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, later the British throne.

Heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir apparent, whose claim on the position cannot be displaced in this manner.
Seantavius Jones
Seantavius Jones (born August 9, 1992) is an American professional football wide receiver. He was signed by the New Orleans Saints as an undrafted free agent in 2014. He played college football for the Valdosta State Blazers. Jones has been a member of teams in six different football leagues: NFL, AAF, XFL, ELF, CFL and LFA.

Valdosta State Blazers football
The Valdosta State Blazers football program represents Valdosta State University in American football. The Blazers are a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) in NCAA Division II. Valdosta State University has had a football team since 1982. The Blazers play in Bazemore–Hyder Stadium in Valdosta, Georgia, which has a capacity of 11,249. The stadium is also the home of the historical Valdosta High School Wildcats. The Blazers have won a total of four Division II National Championship titles (2004, 2007, 2012 and 2018).
Barbel steed
The barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) is a species of small freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Gobionidae, the gudgeons. It is found throughout the Amur basin in eastern Asia to northern Vietnam, Japan and islands of Hainan and Taiwan.

Gobionidae
Gobionidae is a monophyletic family of Eurasian cyprinoid fishes. This is a species rich clade which, as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae was divided into five tribes: Gobionini, Pseudogobionini, Hemibarbini, Coreiini, and Sarcocheilichthyini. These subdivisions are not recognised by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.

To adapt to different masticatory operations, members of the Gobioninae developed various types of pharyngeal bones and teeth; some have intermediate pharyngeal bones with rows of diverse teeth (conical,  compressed, and coarsely compressed), others have broad pharyngeal bones with a single row of molar teeth. Some Gobioninae have narrow pharyngeal bones with a row of extremely compressed teeth.
Grassy Meadows, West Virginia
Grassy Meadows is an unincorporated community in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. Grassy Meadows is 7 miles (11 km) east-southeast of Meadow Bridge. Grassy Meadows had a post office, which opened on June 15, 1858, and closed on June 25, 2011.

The community most likely derives its name in part from the nearby Meadow River.

Greenbrier County, West Virginia
Greenbrier County (/ˈɡriːnbraɪ.ər/) is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,977. Its county seat is Lewisburg. The county was formed in 1778 from Botetourt and Montgomery Counties in Virginia.
Nirdesh Silwal
Nirdesh Silwal (Nepali:  निर्देश सिलवाल) is a Nepalese politician, academic (Gold Medalist), and political scientist. He is currently a doctoral candidate in International Relations at the South Asian University (SAU) in New Delhi. Silwal previously served as the General Secretary (Mahamantri) of the Bibeksheel Nepali Dal, a prominent alternative political force in Nepal, from October 2019 to November 2020. He served as a Central Committee Member(CCM) of the Ujyalo Nepal Party. He has been active in Nepal's alternative politics since around 2012-2013 through the Bibeksheel movement led by Ujwal Thapa. He is now a CCM in RaSwaPa.

Tribhuvan University
Tribhuvan University (TU; Nepali: त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय) is a public university located in Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. Established in 1959, TU is the oldest and the largest university in Nepal. It offers 1,000 undergraduate and 500 postgraduate programs across a wide range of disciplines. Additionally, the institution has 62 constituent campuses and over 1,080 affiliated colleges across the country.
Dziecinów, Otwock County
Dziecinów (Polish: [d͡ʑɛˈt͡ɕinuf]) is a village in Otwock County, Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory. The village covers an area of 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi). It has approximately 704 inhabitants (2007). In the village is Voivodship Road 801, Voivodship Road 799 and Voivodship Road 805 and the sports club Wisła Dziecinów. It lies near the Vistula river. From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Siedlce Voivodeship.

Otwock County
Otwock County (Polish: powiat otwocki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Otwock, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The county also contains the towns of Józefów, lying 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Otwock, and Karczew, 4 km (2 mi) south of Otwock.

The county covers an area of 615.09 square kilometres (237.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 124,241, out of which the population of Otwock is 44,827, that of Józefów is 20,698, that of Karczew is 9,856, and the rural population is 48,860.
Tamara Chikunova
Tamara Ivanovna Chikunova, nee Petrova, Тамара Ивановна Чикунова (1948 – 31 March 2021) was an Uzbek human rights defender, campaigner against the death penalty and torture, and the founder of "Mothers Against Death Sentence and Torture."

Born in Tashkent, Chikunova began her campaigning after her son Dmitry was arrested in 1999 and executed in July 2000 and she worked against the death penalty, which Uzbekistan abolished in 2008. She won the Colombe d'Oro and the 2005 Nuremberg International Human Rights Award.

Finally the state of Uzbekistan adopted United Nations civil rights pact and abolished the death penalty.

Chikunova later moved to Italy, from where she campaigned across Europe, particularly against the continuing use of the death penalty in Belarus, the only European state that still conducts executions.

She died on 31 March 2021 in the Italian town of Novara, where she lived in a Sant'Egidio community.

Nuremberg International Human Rights Award
The Nuremberg International Human Rights Award (German: Internationaler Nürnberger Menschenrechtspreis) is a biennial German award founded on September 17, 1995. The date chosen is significant; 60 years earlier, the Nuremberg Race Laws were adopted. Also, on September 17, 1939, Poland was invaded by the Soviet Union, soon after the German invasion that marked the beginning of World War II. Furthermore, the award was introduced 50 years after the end of the Second World War.