hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lach (name)
Lach (Polish pronunciation: pronounced [ˈlax]), Lyakh or Ljach is a surname. It was used by East Slavs to refer to Poles. Ethnic Poles in Nowy Sącz (south-eastern Poland) also used the name, referring to themselves as Lachy Sądeckie. According to Paweł Jasienica, it derives from the name of an ancient Polish tribe, the Lendians. Due to population resettlements of ethnic Poles after the Soviet annexation of eastern Polish territories (see Kresy), it is slightly more frequent in western Poland. Over 10,000 people have this surname in Poland.
In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Lach served as a short form of the personal name Ladislav. It is also a variant of Lah, a Slovene word for Vlachs.

Notable people with the name include:

Andrei Lyakh (born 1990), Russian footballer

Elmer Lach (1918–2015), Polish-Canadian ice hockey player

Günter Lach (1954–2021), German politicians

Juan Sebastian Lach (born 1970), Mexican composer

Polish Canadians
Polish Canadians (Polish: Polonia w Kanadzie) are citizens of Canada with Polish ancestry, and Poles who immigrated to Canada from abroad. At the 2016 Census, there were 1,106,585 Canadians who claimed full or partial Polish heritage.
Avalon (Marvel Comics)
Avalon, also known as Otherworld, is a fictional dimension appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is based on the mythical Avalon from Celtic and, more specifically, Irish and Welsh mythology.

Avalon first appeared in Fantastic Four #54 (September 1966) by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. Avalon's dimension was referred to as 'Otherworld' for the first time in Captain Britain #1 (October 1976) by Chris Claremont, Herb Trimpe, and Fred Kida.

Fantastic Four (comic book)
Fantastic Four is the name of several comic book titles featuring the team the Fantastic Four (created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby) and published by Marvel Comics, beginning with the original Fantastic Four comic book series which debuted in 1961.

As the first superhero team title produced by Marvel Comics, it formed a cornerstone of the company's 1960s rise from a small division of a publishing company to a pop culture conglomerate. The title would go on to showcase the talents of comics creators such as Roy Thomas, John Buscema, John Byrne, Steve Englehart, Walt Simonson, Tom DeFalco, Mark Waid, and Jonathan Hickman. The Fantastic Four is one of several Marvel titles originating in the Silver Age of Comic Books that was continuously published through 2015 before returning to monthly publication in 2018.
Alpha Bravo Charlie
Alpha Bravo Charlie (Urdu: الفا براوو چارلی) is an action and thriller Pakistani drama, produced by ISPR and directed by Pakistani drama and film director Shoaib Mansoor.

It is a sequel to the 1991 TV series Sunehray Din (Golden Days) with a somewhat different cast. The series ran on PTV from May till July 1998. The last shooting was completed at Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul, on 4 December 1997. The drama was produced by PTV Lahore center and Shoman Productions.

The events in the drama involve romance and comedy, while reflecting the Pakistan Army's operational involvement in the Bosnian War and Siachen conflict.

Pakistan Television Corporation
Pakistan Television Corporation (Urdu: پاکستان ٹیلی وژن نیٹ ورک; reporting name: PTV), also known as Pakistan Television, is the Pakistani public broadcaster based in Islamabad, Pakistan, which comprises a number of TV channels.

The PTV is operated and managed directly under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of federal Government of Pakistan since its founding on 26 November 1964 when a pilot television station was established at Lahore, Punjab.
Tor douronensis
Tor douronensis, also known as  Labeobarbus douronensis, is a species of ray-finned fish of the family Cyprinidae in the genus Tor. This Asian fresh water river carp can be discovered in southern Thailand, east to Vietnam and south to Indonesia. The species is known from the Chao Phraya and Mekong rivers.
This fish has been attributed to Valenciennes however, in his original notes, he claims that the fish he described  "formed part of the collection made in Java by Kuhl and Van Hesselt; they named it Dourr." Certainly, the type locality is Java, in Indonesia and the holotype is lodged at Bogor Zoology Museum.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Net acid excretion
In renal physiology, net acid excretion (NAE) is the net amount of acid excreted in the urine per unit time. Its value depends on urine flow rate, urine acid concentration, and the concentration of bicarbonate in the urine (the loss of bicarbonate, a buffering agent, is physiologically equivalent to a gain in acid). NAE is commonly expressed in units of milliliters per minute (ml/min) and is given by the following equation:

where

V is the volume of urine produced per unit time;

[NH4] is the urine concentration of ammonium;

[TA] is the urine concentration of titratable acid (e.g. phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid);

[HCO−3] is the urine concentration of bicarbonate.

Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.

The compound is an acid. Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4. Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively. Phosphoric acid forms esters, called organophosphates.

The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Anthony Lakes (ski area)
Anthony Lakes is a ski area in the northwest United States, located  in northeastern Oregon in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest west of North Powder. Near the cities of La Grande and Baker City, the resort has one triple chairlift and a vertical drop of 900 feet (274 m). Its summit elevation is 8,000 feet (2,438 m) above sea level and the terrain is mostly of an intermediate and expert level.

The resort also offers snowcat skiing on nearby peaks, and includes a boardercross course as well as a well maintained cross-country (Nordic) ski trails complete with its own Nordic center building. Several backcountry skiing opportunities exist in the nearby area, including Angell Basin.

The ski area resides in the Elkhorn Range of eastern Oregon's Blue Mountains (unrelated to the same named range in southwestern Montana).

La Grande, Oregon
La Grande (/ləˈɡrænd/) is a city in and the county seat of Union County, Oregon, United States. La Grande is Union County's largest city, with a population of 13,026 at the time of the  2020 U.S. Census. The La Grande  micropolitan population is 25,076. It is the 16th largest metro or  micropolitan area in Oregon.

La Grande is located on the western margin of the Grande Ronde Valley that is bounded by the Blue Mountains and Wallowa Mountains. These mountains and the Grande Ronde River offer abundance of natural resources and wildlife. Initially a logging and agriculture town, it has become a sports and recreation destination.

It is the hub for surrounding communities offering outdoor recreation, shopping centers and entertainment. La Grande is known for its theater and arts as the downtown area boasts Liberty Theater and the Elgin Opera House often has local showings. La Grande also is a college town with a student population of 2,825 at Eastern Oregon University.
Regions of Malawi
Malawi is divided into 3 regions which comprise a combined total of 28 districts. Regions have no administrative function; they serve merely to group districts.

The regions of Malawi are:

Northern

Population: 2,289,780 (2018 census)
Area: 26,931 km2 (10,398 sq mi)
Capital: Mzuzu

Central

Population: 7,523,340 (2018 census)
Area: 35,592 km2 (13,742 sq mi)
Capital: Lilongwe

Southern

Population: 7,750,629 (2018 census)
Area: 31,753 km2 (12,260 sq mi)
Capital: Blantyre

Blantyre
Blantyre is Malawi's centre of finance and commerce, and its second largest city, with a population of 800,264 as of 2018. It is sometimes referred to as the commercial and industrial capital of Malawi as opposed to the political capital, Lilongwe. It is the capital of the country's Southern Region as well as the Blantyre District.
Ravenna Bridge
The Ravenna Bridge is a 58-metre (190 ft) high and 225-metre (738 ft) long railway viaduct on the Höllental Railway line in the Black Forest, in Breitnau, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The bridge crosses the Ravenna Gorge that ends in the upper Höllental valley, and has a grade of 12 metres (39 ft). The origin of the name most likely comes from the French ravin for gorge.

Viaduct
A viaduct is a bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via meaning "road", and ducere meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an analogy with ancient Roman aqueducts. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length.
Emen, Bulgaria
Emen (Bulgarian: Емен [ˈɛmɛn]) is a village in Veliko Tarnovo Municipality, Veliko Tarnovo Province, Bulgaria, famous for the nearby caves and canyon. In recent years it has become a major tourist destination, receiving both domestic and foreign visitors. Emen's population is about 100 people, but it triples during the summer.

Veliko Tarnovo Municipality
Veliko Tarnovo Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Велико Търново) is a municipality (obshtina) in Veliko Tarnovo Province, Central-North Bulgaria, located mostly in the so-called Fore-Balkan area north of Stara planina mountain. It is named after its administrative centre - the old capital of the country, the city of Veliko Tarnovo which is also the main town of the province.

The municipality embraces a territory of 883 km2 (341 sq mi) with a population of 88,724 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The area is a crossroads of two of the major transport corridors in Bulgaria - road E772 which connects the capital of Sofia with the port of Varna and road E85 which connects the city of Ruse on Danube river with Shipka pass. The Hemus motorway is planned to cross the municipality north of its main town.
Skookum WCT Cash Spiel
The Skookum WCT Cash Spiel was an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that took place at the Whitehorse Curling Club in Whitehorse, Yukon. The tournament was held in a round-robin format. The tournament, sponsored by Skookum Asphalt, ran from 2006 to 2010 and was a major event on the World Curling Tour. Curlers from Alberta dominated the event, with Albertan teams winning 4 of the 5 events.

Bonspiel
A bonspiel is a curling tournament, consisting of several games, often held on a weekend. Until the 20th century most bonspiels were held outdoors, on a frozen freshwater loch. Today almost all bonspiels are held indoors on specially prepared artificial ice.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is typically a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. Symptoms include shortness of breath, a dry cough, feeling tired, weight loss, and nail clubbing. Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and lung cancer.

Causes include environmental pollution, certain medications, connective tissue diseases, infections, and interstitial lung diseases. But in most cases the cause is unknown (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, medical imaging, lung biopsy, and lung function tests.

No cure exists and treatment options are limited. Treatment is directed toward improving symptoms and may include oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. Certain medications may slow the scarring. Lung transplantation may be an option. At least 5 million people are affected globally. Life expectancy is generally less than five years.

Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic. In clinical trials, the definition of respiratory failure usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing. Respiratory failure causes an altered state of consciousness due to ischemia in the brain.

The typical partial pressure reference values are oxygen Pa O2 more than 80 mmHg (11 kPa) and carbon dioxide Pa CO2 less than 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa).
Ancylosis partitella
Ancylosis partitella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Ragonot, in 1887. It is found in Malta, Russia, Kazakhstan, Algeria, Iran, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

The wingspan is about 15 mm.

Émile Louis Ragonot
Émile Louis Ragonot (12 October 1843 – 13 October 1895) was a French entomologist.  In 1885, he became president of the Société entomologique de France.

He named 301 new genera of butterflies and moths, mostly pyralid moths.

He is also the author of several books:

Diagnoses of North American Phycitidae and Galleriidae (1887) published in Paris

(in French) Nouveaux genres et espèces de Phycitidae & Galleriidae (1888)

(in French) Essai sur une classification des Pyralites (1891-1892)

(in French) Monographie des Phycitinae et des Galleriinae. pp. 1–602 In N.M. Romanoff. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères. Tome VIII. N.M. Romanoff, Saint-Petersbourg. xli + 602 pp. (1901)

Ragonot's collection can be found in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.
By the Blood
"By the Blood" is a song by American rock band Drowning Pool. It was released as the lead single from the band's sixth studio album Hellelujah. The song also featured during the World Series of Fighting 25 on November 20, 2015.

Hellelujah
Hellelujah is the sixth studio album by American rock band Drowning Pool. Produced by Jason Suecof, it was released on February 5, 2016, by eOne Music. "By the Blood", the first single from the album, was released on November 19, 2015, while the album artwork was revealed the following day. It is the second Drowning Pool album recorded with vocalist Jasen Moreno.

Three singles were released before the album's release: "By the Blood", "Snake Charmer" and "Hell to Pay".
1999 Samoa National League
The 1999 Samoa National League, or also known as the Upolo First Division, was the 11th edition of the Samoa National League, the top league of the Football Federation Samoa. Moata'a FC won their first title.

Football Federation Samoa
Football Federation Samoa is a member of the Oceania Football Confederation and is the national governing body for association football in Samoa. It was founded in 1968 and became a FIFA member in 1986. The Samoa national football team is a regular entrant into OFC competitions, including FIFA World Cup qualifying.
2010 Aspria Tennis Cup – Doubles
Yves Allegro and Daniele Bracciali are the defending champions but Allegro chose not to participate that year.
Bracciali partnered up with Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo, and they won in the final 6–4, 7–5 against James Cerretani and Jeff Coetzee.

Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo
Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo (Spanish pronunciation: [ruˈβen raˈmiɾeθ iˈðalɣo]; born 6 January 1978 in Alicante, Spain) is a former professional male tennis player from Spain. His career-high ATP singles ranking is world No. 50, achieved on 2 October 2006. His favourite surface is clay, where he has won numerous ATP Challenger Tour events, and has reached the final in three events of the ATP tour, all in 2007, finishing runner-up in all three finals.
Bob Lanier
Robert Jerry Lanier Jr. (September 10, 1948 – May 10, 2022) was an American professional basketball player. He played center for the Detroit Pistons and the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Lanier was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1992.

In 14 NBA seasons, Lanier played in eight NBA All-Star Games and was named Most Valuable Player of the 1974 game. His accomplishments came despite a long history with knee injuries. He had his No. 16 jersey retired by both the Pistons and the Bucks and his No. 31 jersey retired by St. Bonaventure University, for whom he played college basketball. After retiring from playing he was an assistant coach for the Golden State Warriors, and briefly served as their interim head coach. He went on to work as an NBA Cares Global Ambassador.

Jacksonville Dolphins men's basketball
The Jacksonville Dolphins men's basketball team represents Jacksonville University in the sport of basketball. The Dolphins compete in NCAA Division I's ASUN Conference (ASUN), having joined in 1998. Home games are played in the historic Swisher Gymnasium on the campus of Jacksonville University.

While the Jacksonville University's men's basketball team first took the court in 1948, the program did not join Division 1 until 1966. Early highlights included the program's first postseason appearance in the 1970 NCAA tournament and were the national runners-up in 1970 led by future Hall of Fame and ABA/NBA Star Artis Gilmore. They have appeared in five NCAA tournaments, most recently in 1986.
Einkorn
Einkorn  (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer to either a wild species of wheat (Triticum) or a domesticated form of wheat. The wild form is T. boeoticum (syn. T. m. subsp. boeoticum), and the domesticated form is T. monococcum (syn. T. m. subsp. monococcum). Einkorn is a diploid species (2n = 14 chromosomes) of hulled wheat, with tough glumes (husks) that tightly enclose the grains. The cultivated form is similar to the wild, except that the ear stays intact when ripe and the seeds are larger. The domestic form is known as petit épeautre in French, Einkorn in German, "einkorn" or "littlespelt" in English, piccolo farro in Italian and escanda menor in Spanish. The name refers to the fact that each spikelet contains only one grain. Einkorn was one of the first forms of wheat to be cultivated.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
2015 Sham Shui Po District Council election
The 2015 Sham Shui Po District Council election was held on 22 November 2015 to elect all 23 members to the Sham Shui Po District Council.

Veteran legislator Frederick Fung Kin-kee of the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) lost his seat in Lai Kok to Chan Wing-yan of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) and the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU).

Sham Shui Po District Council
The Sham Shui Po District Council (noted as SSP) is the district council for the Sham Shui Po District in Hong Kong. It is one of 18 such councils. The Sham Shui Po District Council currently consists of 20 members, of which the district is divided into two constituencies, electing a total of 4 members, 8 district committee members, and 8 appointed members. The last election was held on 10 December 2023.
Richard Benger
Richard Benger was an English 16th-century university vice-chancellor.

Benger was a Doctor of Decretals and a Fellow of New College, Oxford. In 1520, Benger was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.

Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb docēre [dɔˈkeːrɛ] 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris.

Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world. Contracted "Dr" or "Dr.", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a doctorate (commonly a PhD). In past usage, the term could be applied to any learned person.  In many parts of the world today it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether they hold a doctoral-level degree.
Georgia Midland Railroad
The Georgia Midland Railroad (reporting mark GMR) was a shortline railroad that operated several lines in Georgia that it acquired in 2004 from the initial operations of Ogeechee Railway. In 2009 the Georgia Midland was purchased by Pioneer RailCorp from Atlantic Western Transportation Company, the holding company for the Heart of Georgia Railroad. Pioneer renamed the railroad as the Georgia Southern Railway. Hauling an average of 5000 carloads per year of aggregate sand, stone, farm products and wood, the Georgia Midland Railroad connected with the Norfolk Southern Railway.

Initially the Georgia Midland operated three branch lines, all within Georgia, connecting Roberta through Fort Valley to Perry, Dover through Statesboro to Metter, and Ardmore to Sylvania. Subsequently the Ardmore-Sylvania line was returned to Ogeechee Railroad, which now operates it.

In 2006 the Georgia Midland was named Short Line Railroad of the Year by railroad industry trade journal Railway Age.

Dover, Georgia
Dover is an unincorporated community in Screven County, Georgia, United States. The community is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 301, Georgia State Route 17, and Georgia State Route 73, 11.7 miles (18.8 km) south-southwest of Sylvania. Dover has a post office with ZIP code 30424.