hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Section Eleven of the Constitution of South Africa
Section Eleven of the Constitution of South Africa, part of the Bill of Rights, guarantees the right to life. This section has been interpreted to prohibit the death penalty, but not to prohibit abortion. It also has important implications for euthanasia, self-defence, the use of force by law enforcement, and the provision of life-saving healthcare.

Under the heading "Life", the section states, in full, "Everyone has the right to life." Unlike the right to life in many other human rights instruments, this section is unqualified; it does not make an exception for the death penalty, but neither does it explicitly state that the death penalty is forbidden.

Self-defense
Self-defense (self-defence) primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions.
Chris Boyce
Joseph Christopher Boyce (1943 – 29 June 1999) was a Scottish science fiction author and fan.

He worked in the Reference Library of the Glasgow Herald newspaper, and was there when he died suddenly. His fiction works include Catchworld, for which he was best known, and which jointly won the Sunday Times/Gollancz prize for best SF Novel.  He was a member of spaceflight groups including the British Interplanetary Society and he published articles and non-fiction books related to the subject. He was a regular attendee of fan meetings and was Guest of Honour at the science fiction convention "Invention" in 1983 in Glasgow.

He co-founded the publishing company Dog and Bone Press in 1990 with his wife, Angela, and Alasdair Gray.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
1928 Newfoundland general election
The 1928 Newfoundland general election was held on 29 October 1928 to elect members of the 27th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal Party led by Richard Squires defeated the Conservative Party led by Frederick C. Alderdice and formed the government with the support of Fishermen's Protective Union members. Legislation had been introduced so that persons named to the Executive Council were no longer required to run for reelection.

In April 1925, women over the age of 25 had been granted the right to vote; in the 1928 general election, 90 per cent of women eligible to vote cast a ballot. Helena Squires became the first woman elected to the Newfoundland assembly in a 1930 by-election.

Richard Squires
Sir Richard Anderson Squires KCMG (January 18, 1880 – March 26, 1940) was the Prime Minister of Newfoundland from 1919 to 1923 and from 1928 to 1932.

As prime minister, Squires attempted to reform Newfoundland's fishing industry, but failed at doing so. He also attempted to diversify Newfoundland's economy. However, his two tenures as prime minister were both marred by serious corruption. He lost the position in 1923 after an arrest for bribery. In 1932, he narrowly escaped a riot, which forced him from power, and temporarily ended democracy in Newfoundland.

While Squires retired after the riot, he continued to campaign against rule by the British Crown under the Commission of Government. He died in 1940, at the age of 60.
Kamala Girls' High School
Kamala Girls' High School is a reputed girls' school situated in Southern Avenue, Vivekananda Park, South Kolkata, West Bengal, India, affiliated to the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education for Madhyamik Pariksha (10th Board exams), and to the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education for Higher Secondary Examination (12th Board exams). The founder of the school is Mrs. Kamala Basu in 1932. It is a government-sponsored school, aided by West Bengal Government.

Higher Secondary Certificate
Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC), Higher Secondary School Certificate, Higher Secondary Education Certificate (HSEC) or Intermediate Examination is a secondary education qualification in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. It is equivalent to the final year of high school in the United States and A level in the United Kingdom.
Li Jifu
Li Jifu (李吉甫) (758 – November 18, 814), courtesy name Hongxian (弘憲), formally Duke Zhongyi of Zhao (趙忠懿公), was a Chinese cartographer, historian, and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong.

New Book of Tang
The New Book of Tang, generally translated as the "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the Song dynasty, led by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi.

It was originally simply called the Tangshu (唐書, Book of Tang) until the 18th century.
Rejected (horse)
Rejected (foaled 1950) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse whose wins included the Hollywood Gold Cup in track record time and Santa Anita Handicap, the two most important races in California open to older horses.

Bred and raced by Robert Kleberg's King Ranch, Rejected was trained by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Buddy Hirsch.

Hollywood Gold Cup Stakes
The Hollywood Gold Cup Stakes is a Grade II American thoroughbred horse race for horses age three and older over a distance of 1+1⁄4 miles on the dirt held at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California in May.  The race currently offers a purse of $200,000.
Ashim Ahluwalia
Ashim Ahluwalia (born 1972 in Mumbai, India) is a film director and screenwriter. He made his directorial debut with the feature-length documentary John & Jane (2005), which had a world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival and a European premiere at the Berlin International Film Festival, and won him the 2005 National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director. This was followed by his first narrative feature film Miss Lovely, premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. which won him India's National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature film), and Best Production Design at the 61st National Film Awards.

Working outside the mainstream Bollywood film system, Ashim Ahluwalia is part of a new generation of Indian directors.
His unconventional films blur the lines between documentary and fiction. His short films have shown at the Tate Modern, the Centre Pompidou and at the Venice Architecture Biennale.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
History of the Green Party of the United States
The Green Party of the United States originated in 1984 when 62 people from the U.S. gathered in St. Paul, Minnesota and founded the first national Green organization - the Committees of Correspondence. The Green Party of the U.S. has gone through several evolutions, from debating theory and praxis in the 1980s, to starting state parties in the 1990s, to the founding of a national political party (recognized by the Federal Elections Commission) in the 2000s.

Winona LaDuke
Winona LaDuke (born August 18, 1959) is an American environmentalist, writer, and industrial hemp grower, known for her work on tribal land claims and preservation, as well as sustainable development.

In 1996 and 2000, she ran for vice president of the United States as the nominee of the Green Party of the United States, on a ticket headed by Ralph Nader. Until 2023 she was the executive director and a co-founder (along with the Indigo Girls) of Honor the Earth, a Native environmental advocacy organization that played an active role in the Dakota Access Pipeline protests.

In 2016, she received an electoral vote for vice president. In doing so, she became the first Green Party member to receive an electoral vote.
The Jackson Family Honors
The Jackson Family Honors is a 1994 Jackson family reunion television special, starring Michael Jackson, tribute honorees Elizabeth Taylor and Berry Gordy, and celebrity guests performers.  It was billed as a humanitarian event to raise money for charities. The musical benefit was filmed on February 19, 1994 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas.  It was broadcast on February 22, 1994 on NBC.

Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).
Jan Breman
Johannes Cornelis "Jan" Breman (born 24 July 1936, in Amsterdam) is a Dutch sociologist and an emeritus professor of the University of Amsterdam. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate at Institute of Social Studies (ISS) on 29 October 2009. His inaugural lecture was entitled: The Great Transformation in a Globalized Perspective.

He is a Fellow of the International Institute for Asian Studies.

In 1988 Breman became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was elected a member of Academia Europaea in 1989.

He has been known for the concept "footloose labour" in India. Footloose labour consists of those proletariats who are pushed out of agriculture labour market, hence depend on casual labour. They have to engage in multiple occupations to sustain themselves. Due to rural inequality they have to do seasonal migration to well off states such as Punjab and Haryana. This class of free wage labourers, especially after mid-1990s, are called "footloose labour".

Academia Europaea
The Academia Europaea is a pan-European Academy of humanities, letters, law, and sciences.
The Academia was founded in 1988 as a functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of European interests in national research agencies.
Fareed Ahmad (cricketer)
Fareed Ahmad (born 10 August 1994) is an Afghan cricketer. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut against the United Arab Emirates on 2 December 2014. He competed at the 2014 Asian Games. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Afghanistan against the United Arab Emirates on 14 December 2016.

In September 2018, he was named in Kabul's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament. In September 2021, he was named as one of two travelling reserves in Afghanistan's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.

In May 2024, he was named in Afghanistan’s squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.

2018 Afghanistan Premier League
The 2018 Afghanistan Premier League (also known as APL 2018 or Gulbahar APL T20 2018 for sponsorship reasons) was the inaugural and only edition of the Afghanistan Premier League, a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Afghanistan Cricket Board (ACB). The tournament took place from 5 to 21 October 2018 at the Sharjah Cricket Stadium in the United Arab Emirates.

Balkh Legends defeated Kabul Zwanan by 4 wickets in the final to become the inaugural champions. Rashid Khan was named the Player of the Tournament.
Einar Vaardal-Lunde
Einar Vaardal-Lunde (1915–2003) was a Norwegian architect.

Vaardal-Lunde was educated at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, graduating in 1940. After World War II, he participated in the rebuilding efforts and reconstruction in Finnmark until 1948. In 1948, he began his own architectural firm in partnership with Torgeir Alvsaker. In 1970, he opened his own architectural firm called E. Vaardal-Lunde. He designed a number of public buildings (hotels, churches, hospitals, and others), mostly in Western Norway.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
Kurkure
Kurkure is an Indian brand of spiced crunchy puffcorn snacks made up of rice, lentil and corn. It is owned by PepsiCo through its subsidiary Frito-Lay. It was launched in India in 1999 and nine years later, it was launched in Pakistan in 2008. The snack is manufactured in India and in Pakistan, and has limited availability in certain international markets such as Canada and the United Kingdom.
The word Kurkure means "crunchy" in Hindi and Urdu languages.

In India, it is manufactured in Sangrur, Pune, Howrah, Sonipat, Ranga Reddy, Vaishali and Kamrup and in Pakistan, it is manufactured in Gulberg, Lahore.

Sangrur district
Sangrur district is in the state of Punjab in northern India. Sangrur city is the district headquarters. It is one of the five districts in Patiala Division in the Indian state of Punjab. Neighbouring districts are Malerkotla (north), Barnala (west), Patiala (east), Mansa (southwest) and Fatehabad (Haryana) and Jind (Haryana) (south).

Sangrur consists of the cities of Dhuri, Lehragaga,  Sangrur, and Sunam. Other cities are Bhawanigarh, Dirba, Khanauri, Longowal, Cheema and Moonak. There are 7 sub-divisions, being Sangrur, Dhuri, Sunam, Lehragaga, Moonak, Bhawanigarh and Dirba. Till 2006, Barnala was also a part of Sangrur district, but now it is a separate district. In 2021, a new district Malerkotla district, consisting of Malerkotla and Ahmedgarh subdivisions and the Amargarh sub-tehsil, was formed out of Sangrur district.
Copper(II) phosphate
Copper(II) phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu3(PO4)2. It can be regarded as the cupric salt of phosphoric acid. Anhydrous copper(II) phosphate and a trihydrate are blue solids.

Anhydrous
A substance is anhydrous if it contains no water. Many processes in chemistry can be impeded by the presence of water; therefore, it is important that water-free reagents and techniques are used. In practice, however, it is very difficult to achieve perfect dryness; anhydrous compounds gradually absorb water from the atmosphere so they must be stored carefully.

Substances that contain water or its constituent elements are called hydrates.
FC Süderelbe
FC Süderelbe (full name: Fußballclub Süderelbe von 1949 e.V.) is a football club based in the Hamburg district of Neugraben-Fischbek, Harburg. The club's first team currently plays in the Oberliga Hamburg, the fifth tier of German football.

Kreisliga
The Kreisliga (English: District League), along with the Kreisoberliga (English: District Premier League) and the Kreisklasse (English: District Class), are the lowest set of divisions in the German football league system, set at step 8 and below.
2011 Tongatapu 9 by-election
A by-election was held in the Tongatapu 9 constituency of Tonga on 15 September 2011. It was triggered by the death of the incumbent, the first time MP Kaveinga Faʻanunu, who died of head and neck cancer on 24 July. Under the first past the post system, Faʻanunu had won the newly established single-member seat for the Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands in the November 2010 general election, with 34% of the vote, and a majority of 494 votes (18.5%), appearing to make it a relatively safe seat for the party (which was a junior partner in Lord Tuʻivakano's government).

Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands
The Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands (Tongan: Paati Temokalati ʻa e ʻOtu Motu ʻAngaʻofa, PTOA), also referred to as the Democrats, is a political party in Tonga. The party's leader at its foundation was ʻAkilisi Pohiva.

The party was launched in September 2010, and included several sitting People's Representatives who were part of the Human Rights and Democracy Movement. Its objectives upon foundation included government transparency and economic reform. The PTOA failed to win any seats at the 2025 general election, marking the first time the party was left without parliamentary representation.

The "Friendly Islands" are a name originally given to Tonga by Captain James Cook.
Denis Healy (Irish politician)
Denis Healy was an Irish politician.  He was a Fianna Fáil member of the Seanad Éireann from 1934 to 1936, and 1938 to 1948. He was elected to the Free State Seanad in 1934 for 9 years and served until it was abolished in 1936. He was elected to the 3rd Seanad in 1938 on the Administrative Panel and was re-elected at the 1943 and 1944 elections.

Administrative Panel
The Administrative Panel is one of five vocational panels which together elect 43 of the 60 members of Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The Administrative Panel elects seven senators.
2011 IPP Trophy – Doubles
Gero Kretschmer and Alex Satschko were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Igor Andreev and Evgeny Donskoy won the title, defeating James Cerretani and Adil Shamasdin 7–6(7–1), 7–6(7–2) in the final.

Evgeny Donskoy
Evgeny Evgenyevich Donskoy (Russian: Евге́ний Евге́ньевич Донско́й, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj dɐnˈskoj]; born 9 May 1990) is a Russian former professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 65, achieved on 8 July 2013 and a doubles ranking of No. 161, achieved on 5 November 2012.
Ferd Wirtz
Ferdinand Wirtz (26 November 1885 – 18 April 1947) was a Luxembourgish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Luxembourg City. In 1912, he was a member of the Luxembourgish team, which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.

Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team, free system
The men's team competition with a free system was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was one of three team gymnastics events.  The others were a team competition in the Swedish system and a standard team competition.

It was the first appearance of the event, which would only be held again at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The official name was Team Competition III – with free choice of movements and apparatus. For every nation one team was allowed to participate. One team had to consist of not less than 16 nor more than 40 members. The entry was closed on June 6, 1912. As all other gymnastics competitions the event took place in the Olympiastadion.

The competition was held on Wednesday July 10, 1912, in the time from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. and from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Henri Colans
Henri Achille Colans (5 July 1915 – 24 June 1998) was a Belgian weightlifter. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics. Colans died in Boussu on 24 June 1998, at the age of 82.

Boussu
Boussu (French pronunciation: [busy]; Picard: Boussu-dlé-Mont) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

As of January 1, 2006, Boussu had a population of 20,058. The total area is 20.01 km2, which gives a population density of 1,002 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Boussu and Hornu.
Mary Elizabeth Parker
Mary Elizabeth Parker (b. Schenectady, New York) is an American poet. She is best known for her collection, The Sex Girl (Urthona Press), which won the Urthona Poetry Prize in 1999. Her poetry has been widely anthologized in such journals as Gettysburg Review, New Letters, Arts & Letters, Greensboro Review, Madison Review and Confrontation. Her poetry and essays have previously been nominated for the Pushcart Prize.

Parker is also the founder of the Dana Awards in fiction and poetry.

She holds an MFA in creative writing and a Ph.D. in literature from the University of North Carolina, Greensboro.

Pushcart Prize
The Pushcart Prize is an American literary prize published by Pushcart Press that honors the best "poetry, short fiction, essays or literary whatnot" published in the small presses over the previous year. Magazine and small book press editors are invited to submit up to six works they have featured. Since 1976, anthologies of selected works have been published on an annual basis. These initiatives are supported and staffed entirely by dedicated volunteers.
Any Given Sunday (soundtrack)
Any Given Sunday is the soundtrack to the 1999 film. It was released on January 4, 2000, through Atlantic Records and consisted of a blend of hip-hop, heavy metal, alternative rock, and R&B. The album found success on the Billboard charts, making it to No. 28 on the Billboard 200 and No. 11 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and featured the single "Shut 'Em Down", which peaked at No. 31 on the Hot Rap Singles.

Any Given Sunday, Vol. 2 picks up where the original soundtrack left off. Once again, actor Jamie Foxx closes the album out with the theme song, but cuts from Richard Hall, Zapp & Roger, and Ozomatli are also featured. Ex-Band guitarist Robbie Robertson leads with five tracks, including "Bended Knee", "Ghost Dance", "Amazing Grace", and "Out of the Blue".

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.