hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civil Air Transport
Civil Air Transport (CAT) (IATA: CT, ICAO: CAT, call sign: Mandarin) was a Nationalist Chinese airline, later owned by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), that supported the United States' covert operations throughout East and Southeast Asia. During the Cold War, missions consisted in assistance to "Free World" allies according to the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949.

Free World
The "Free World" is a propaganda term, primarily used during the Second World War and Cold War, to refer to the Allies, Western Bloc and aligned countries.

During the Second World War, the term was primarily used against fascist states. During the Cold War, the term referred more broadly to all liberal democracies collectively, as opposed to communist states. It has traditionally primarily been used to refer to the countries allied and aligned with the United States, the European Union, and NATO. The term "leader of the free world" has been used to imply a symbolic and moral leadership, and was mostly used during the Cold War in reference to the president of the United States.
Diamanto Koumbaki
Diamanto Koumbaki (Greek: Διαμάντω Κουμπάκη; 8 February 1926 –17 August 1944) was a Greek partisan. A strong supporter of Communism, Koubmbaki fought against the Axis powers during World War II. She was arrested, tortured, and executed by the German army in Nikaia, Attica in 1944. Following the war, a square in Nikaia was renamed in her honor.

German Army
The German Army (German: Heer, lit. 'army') is the land component of the armed forces of Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German Bundeswehr together with the Marine (German Navy) and the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). As of 2024, the German Army had a strength of 63,047 soldiers.
James C. Tessier
James Carter Tessier (1842 – 1900) was an English-born merchant and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's West in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1893 to 1894 and from 1897 to 1900 as a Liberal.

The son of Peter G. Tessier and Jane Carter, who was the daughter of Robert Carter, he was born in London and came to Newfoundland in 1853. He worked in the family fishery supply business before establishing a fish exporting business in partnership with Robert Thorburn. The business was forced to close following the 1894 Bank Crash. Tessier was unseated in 1894 after his election was appealed but was reelected in 1897.

He was married twice: first to Ann Jackman Langmead and then to Julia Ann Trotman.

Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland was an English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland.
Damasonium
Damasonium is a genus of six species of flowering plants in the family Alismataceae, commonly known as starfruit and by the older name thrumwort. The genus has a subcosmopolitan but very patchy distribution.

They are aquatic perennial herbaceous plants growing in shallow water or mud beside ponds. The leaves are all basal, floating, or aerial in plants on pond margins. The flowers are hermaphrodite, in one to many whorls, in umbels, racemes or panicles; they have six stamens, and six to nine carpels arranged in a whorl, connate at the base, each with two to many ventral ovules; The styles are terminal. The fruit is a whorl of follicles; the follicles are laterally compressed, radiating in stellate fashion, with a more or less elongated apical beak.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Mang Tomas
Mang Tomas (Filipino for "Mr. Tomas") is a condiment brand owned by NutriAsia. Its core product is lechon sauce. The brand was developed by Hernan and Ismael Reyes in the late 1980s after they purchased the lechon sauce recipe of Aling Pitang lechon shop located in Quiapo, Manila. The Reyeses named their sauce "Mang Tomas Sarsa", after a popular lechon shop located in La Loma, Manila. In 1991, the brand was acquired by Southeast Asia Food, Inc. (SAFI, now NutriAsia). The product is presently sold as "Mang Tomas All-Around Sarsa" in the Philippines and as "Mang Tomas All-Purpose Sauce" in export markets.

Unlike the traditional lechon sauce, Mang Tomas is made without ground liver. Liver was a listed ingredient in the internationally available Mang Tomas products until 2017 but has since been removed from the label.

As of 2022, all Mang Tomas variations reinclude pork liver as an ingredient.

Condiment
A condiment is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to enhance the flavor, to complement the dish, or to impart a specific flavor. Such specific flavors generally add sweetness or pungency, or sharp or piquant flavors. The seasonings and spices common in many different cuisine arise from global introductions of foreign trade. Condiments include those added to cooking to impart flavor, such as barbecue sauce and soy sauce; those added before serving, such as mayonnaise in a sandwich; and those added tableside to taste, such as ketchup with fast food. Condiments can also provide other health benefits to diets that lack micronutrients.
Thea Prandi
Thea Prandi (born Enrichetta Thea Prandi; 25 November 1925 – 8 June 1961) was an Italian actress and singer who was active in the 1940s and 1950s. She is known for her roles in Una famiglia impossibile (1940) and L'allegro fantasma (1941), and as the narrator in Neapolitans in Milan (1953).

Prandi sang on EIAR radio broadcasts as a member of the "Trio Primavera" with Isa Bellini and Wilma Mangini. After retiring from showbusiness, she worked as an administrator of the Teatro San Ferdinando in Naples.

Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche
Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche (EIAR, "Italian Body for Radio Broadcasting") was the public service broadcaster in Fascist Italy and the only entity permitted to broadcast by the government.
Atlantic Beach Bridge
The Atlantic Beach Bridge is a 1,173-foot (358 m) long toll drawbridge across the west end of the Reynonds Channel, connecting NY 878 in Lawrence with Park Street in Atlantic Beach, in Nassau County, New York, United States.

The bridge also provides direct access to the Rockaway Peninsula, via Seagirt Boulevard.

Toll bridge
A toll bridge is a bridge where a monetary charge (or toll) is required to pass over. Generally the private or public owner, builder and maintainer of the bridge uses the toll to recoup their investment, in much the same way as a toll road.
Beneteau First Class 8
The First Class 8 (FC8) is a One-Design keelboat designed in 1982 by Group Finot and Jacques Fouroux to be constructed at Beneteau's shipyard.

It is one of Europe's most competitive sailing classes, with more than 1,000 units sold between 1982 and 1994.

Strongest fleets are located in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Germany, Norway and Portugal.

It is a long boat compared with its competitors such as the J/24 from America. It has straight lines for a boat of that age and has no reference to IOR hull shapes with huge beam, flared bows, and pinched sterns. The boat's lines lend themselves to a dinghy style planing hull, as opposed to digging a hole in the ocean which was a characteristic of the mid period IOR boats. The FC8 has a lot of wetted surface area which makes it slow in light air.

J/24
The J/24 is a one-design racing keelboat and the first J/Boats product. It achieved global success, with more than 5,200 built, though it is now out of production. It is recognised by World Sailing and supports active competitive fleets and championships worldwide, including the J/24 World Championship.

The first J/24 was built in 1976 by then amateur designer Rodney Johnstone. At a time when sailing was dominated by the International Offshore Rule, the boat was designed to compete under a variety of handicaps, including the MORC. It was immediately successful in racing. Rodney partnered with his brother Bob (then a marketing vice-president at AMF) to form J/Boats. Tillotson-Pearson put the boat into production. With a low price, astute marketing, and heavy promotion, 1,200 were sold in the first two years.

Since then it has been produced by a number of licensed builders, all tightly controlled by the class association and J-Boats.
Where Did They Go (song)
"Where Did They Go" is a song written by Gloria Sklerov and Harry Lloyd. It was first recorded by American singer Peggy Lee, and later covered by the British singer Sandie Shaw, and the group, Blue Mink (two members of which together produced the Sandie Shaw version). In 1981, Diana Dors released a version in the UK on single, claiming at the time the song had been written specifically for her.

Sandie Shaw
Sandra Ann Goodrich MBE (born 26 February 1947), better known by her stage name Sandie Shaw, is a retired English pop singer. One of the most successful British female singers of the 1960s, she had three UK number one singles with "(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me" (1964), "Long Live Love" (1965) and "Puppet on a String" (1967). With the latter, she became the first British entry to win the Eurovision Song Contest. She was seen as epitomising the Swinging Sixties and was often described as "the barefoot pop princess of the 1960s". She returned to the UK Top 40, for the first time in 15 years, with her 1984 cover of the Smiths song "Hand in Glove". Shaw retired from the music industry in 2013.
Yazdan-Friy Shapur
Yazdan-Friy Shapur or Yazdan-Friy-Shabuhr (Middle Persian: yazdān-friy-šābuhr, New Persian: یزدان‌فرای شاپور) was a 4th-century Sasanian queen (banbishn) and the wife of the Sasanian king (shah) Shapur III (r. 383–388). She has been immortalized by an onyx seal of remarkable quality, where she is shown wearing the horns of a ram. The seal is now in the Cabinet des Médailles, France.

New Persian
New Persian (Persian: فارسی نو, romanized: fārsī-ye now), also known as Modern Persian (فارسی نوین), is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings. It is conventionally divided into three stages: Early New Persian (8th/9th centuries), Classical Persian (10th–18th centuries), and Contemporary Persian (19th century to present).

Dari is a name given to the New Persian language since the 10th century, widely used in Arabic (see Istakhri, al-Maqdisi and ibn Hawqal) and Persian texts. Since 1964, Dari has been the official name in Afghanistan for the Persian spoken there.
Stara Kuźnica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Stara Kuźnica (Polish pronunciation: [ˈstara kuʑˈɲit͡sa]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Końskie, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) east of Końskie and 38 km (24 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie
Końskie [ˈkɔɲskʲɛ] ⓘ (Yiddish: Kinsk, קינצק / קינסק) is a town in south-central Poland, with 20,328 inhabitants (2008), situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, Końskie belongs to the province of Lesser Poland, and since its foundation, until 1795 (see Partitions of Poland), it was part of Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Orehova Vas, Hoče–Slivnica
Orehova Vas (pronounced [ɔˈɾeːxɔʋa ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Orehova vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Hoče–Slivnica in northeastern Slovenia. It lies on the edge of the flatlands on the right bank of the Drava River south of Maribor. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

A chapel-shrine in the village dates to the early 20th century.

The terminal building and much of the runway of Maribor Edvard Rusjan Airport is located at Orehova Vas.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Richard Boyle (rowing)
Richard Frederick Robert Pochin Boyle (11 October 1888 – 6 February 1953) was a British coxswain who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Boyle was educated at Cambridge University and coxed the Cambridge boat in the Boat Race in 1907 and 1908. The Cambridge crew made up a boat in the eights which won the bronze medal rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

In the First World War, Boyle was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry on 14 September 1914. He was promoted to temporary lieutenant on 9 December 1914, temporary captain on 23 July 1915, substantive lieutenant on 14 July 1916 and substantive captain on 24 June 1917. He was wounded and relinquished his commission on 8 May 1919 due to ill health.

Boyle married Marion Elisa Hill Wallace, daughter of Major-General Hill Wallace, on 12 February 1918.

Rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, four rowing events were contested, all for men only. Races were held at Henley-on-Thames. The competitions were held from 28 to 31 July. There was one fewer event in 1908 than 1904, after the double sculls was dropped from the programme. Hungary and Norway competed in rowing for the first time, along with six other nations.
Baron Criminel
Baron Criminel (also spelled Baron Kriminel) is a powerful spirit or loa in the Haitian Vodou religion. He is envisioned as the first murderer who has been condemned to death, and is invoked to pronounce swift judgment. Baron Criminel is syncretized with Saint Martin de Porres, perhaps because his feast day is November 3, the day after Fête Guede or Fête Ghede (Haitian Creole: Fèt Gede). His colors are black, purple, white and deep blood red.

Martin de Porres
Martín de Porras Velázquez OP (9 December 1579 – 3 November 1639) was a Peruvian lay brother of the Dominican Order who was beatified in 1837 by Pope Gregory XVI and canonized in 1962 by Pope John XXIII. He is the patron saint of Black people, mixed-race people, barbers, innkeepers, public health workers, all those seeking racial harmony, and animals.

He was noted for his work on behalf of the poor, establishing an orphanage and a children's hospital. He maintained an austere lifestyle, which included fasting and abstaining from meat. Among the many miracles attributed to him were those of levitation, bilocation, miraculous knowledge, instantaneous cures, and an ability to communicate with animals.
Muscari gussonei
Muscari gussonei is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is a bulbous geophyte native to southern Italy and Sicily.

In 1992 it was designated as a 'priority species' under Annex II of the Habitats Directive in the European Union, which means areas in which it occurs can be declared Special Areas of Conservation, if these areas belong to one of the number of habitats listed in Annex I of the directive.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Growing Up X
Growing Up X: A Memoir by the Daughter of Malcolm X is a 2002 book by Ilyasah Shabazz, the third daughter of Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz. Shabazz wrote the book with Kim McLarin.

In Growing Up X, Shabazz writes about what it was like to grow up in the shadow of her father, a human rights activist who was assassinated when she was two years old. She also writes about her mother and sisters, and her early life growing up, along with her personal memories and feelings about Malcolm X. Shabazz has commented that she was nervous about releasing the book, because she did not want to ruin people's expectations of her, but has received unexpectedly great praise for her writing.

Kim McLarin
Kim McLarin (born 1964) is an American novelist, best known for Growing Up X: A Memoir by the Daughter of Malcolm X, co-authored with Ilyasah Shabazz, and Jump at the Sun. Her works include contemporary novels, short stories and non-fiction.
Henry Ford II High School
Henry Ford II High School is a public high school located in the Metropolitan Detroit region in the city of Sterling Heights, Michigan, United States.  It is a part of Utica Community Schools.

In 2004 Ford was recognized as a Michigan Blue Ribbon Exemplary School.

Utica Community Schools
Utica Community Schools (UCS) is a public school district located in Macomb County, Michigan in the Metropolitan Detroit area. UCS serves the city of Utica, the majority of Shelby Township, the northern portion of Sterling Heights, and parts of Ray, Washington, and Macomb townships. UCS is the second-largest school district in the state of Michigan.
Museum of the History of Medicine, Paris
The Museum of the History of Medicine (French: Musée d'histoire de la médecine [myze distwaʁ də la medsin]) is a medical museum in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is located at 12 rue de l'École de Médecine, on the second floor of the historic École de Médecine building, nowadays part of Paris Cité University.

Since 1971, the headquarters of Paris Cité University (formerly Paris Descartes University) have been located in the former premises of the Medical School founded in 1803, and situated in the buildings of the Academy of Surgery.

The Museum of the History of Medicine is housed on the second floor of the building, in a room built in 1905.

Its collections, the oldest in Europe, were put together by the dean Lafaye in the 18th century, then a considerable collection of pieces covering the different branches of operating art until the end of the 19th century was added. One can also discover several rare medical and surgical bags as well as physiology tools.

Medical museum
A medical museum is an institution that stores and exhibits objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest that have a link to medicine or health. Displays often include models, instruments, books and manuscripts, as well as medical images and the technologies used to capture them (such as X-ray machines). Some museums reflect specialized medical areas, such as dentistry, nursing, this history of specific hospitals, and historic pharmacies.

Professional organisations of medical museums include the Medical Museums Association, who publish The Watermark (the quarterly publication of the Archivists and Librarians in the History of the Health Sciences), and The London Museums of Health & Medicine.
Saint Pierre, Mauritius
Saint Pierre is a village in the district of Moka in Mauritius. It is considered to be found in the heart of Mauritius.The climatic conditions is cold and ideal especially during summer with cold breeze.

The village has significantly changed over the years with a new shopping centre, namely Kendra, gyms, driving more traffic to the village. With a growing population, Saint-Pierre is gradually starting to look like a town. The bus station is situated within walking distance to the market, the Kendra shopping centre, the mosque, but a bit further from the local primary and secondary schools, which will require travellers to stop further or to get on another connecting bus.

Saint Pierre has three banks, a market, numerous shops, a primary and a secondary school, a church, a mosque, two petrol stations, a couple of gyms a big shopping centre and much more.

Moka District
Moka (Mauritian Creole pronunciation: [moka]) is a district of Mauritius, situated in the central plateau of the island. The district has an area of 230.5 km2. The population was estimated to be 83,664 at the end of 2019.
2018 Open de Limoges – Doubles
Valeria Savinykh and Maryna Zanevska were the defending champions, but neither player chose to participate.

Veronika Kudermetova and Galina Voskoboeva won the title, defeating Timea Bacsinszky and Vera Zvonareva in the final 7–5, 6–4.

Galina Voskoboeva
Galina Olegovna Voskoboeva (Russian: Галина Олеговна Воскобоева; born 18 December 1984) is a Russian-born Kazakhstani tennis player. She reached career-high rankings of world No. 42 in singles and No. 26 in doubles. She won five doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour. She also won three singles titles (in Mont-de-Marsan in 2003, Cuneo in 2006, and Casablanca in 2011) and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Cooper T72
The Cooper T72 is an open-wheel Formula Three race car, developed and built by British manufacturer Cooper in 1964. It was designed by engineers Eddie Stait and Neil Johanssen. It was powered by a 998 cc (60.9 cu in) BMC four-cylinder engine, developing 88 hp (66 kW) @ 7,750 rpm, which had a 12.5:1 compression ratio. The radiator and oil cooler were integrated into one unit, and the oil tank was positioned between the foot pedals and the radiator. It was constructed as a semi-stressed skin. It contested the 1964 British Formula Three season, where it completely dominated, winning 9 out of the 10 races that season, with both Jackie Stewart and John Taylor. Stewart eventually won the championship, winning 8 of those races. It also competed in a number of Formula Libre events. Only 18 cars were built.

Compression ratio
The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine.

A fundamental specification for such engines, it can be measured in two different ways. The simpler way is the static compression ratio:
in a reciprocating engine, this is the ratio of the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to that volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke. The dynamic compression ratio is a more advanced calculation which also takes into account gases entering and exiting the cylinder during the compression phase.