hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surrey whiteware
Surrey whiteware, or Surrey white ware, is a type of lead-glazed pottery produced in England from the 13th to the 16th centuries. The white-fired sandy earthenware was produced largely from kilns in Surrey and along the Surrey-Hampshire border. Surrey whitewares were the most commonly used pottery in London during the late medieval period.  There are four classes of Surrey whiteware: Kingston-type, Coarse Border ware, Cheam whiteware and Tudor Green ware.

Cheam
Cheam (/ˈtʃiːm/) is a suburb of London, England, 11 miles (18 kilometres) southwest of Charing Cross. Cheam is in the London borough of Sutton and is divided into North Cheam, Cheam Village and South Cheam. Cheam Village contains the listed buildings Lumley Chapel and the 16th-century Whitehall. It is adjacent to two large parks, Nonsuch Park and Cheam Park. Nonsuch Park contains the listed Nonsuch Mansion. Parts of Cheam Park and Cheam Village are in a conservation area. Cheam is bordered by Worcester Park to the northwest, Morden to the northeast, Sutton to the east, Epsom, Ewell and Stoneleigh to the west and Banstead and Belmont to the south.
Paint-on-glass animation
Paint-on-glass animation is a technique for making animated films by manipulating slow-drying oil paints on sheets of glass. Gouache mixed with glycerine is sometimes used instead. The best-known practitioner of the technique is Russian animator Aleksandr Petrov; he has used it in seven films, all of which have won awards.

Gouache
Gouache (/ɡuˈɑːʃ, ɡwɑːʃ/; French: [ɡwaʃ]), body color, or opaque watercolor is a water-medium paint consisting of natural pigment, water, a binding agent (usually gum arabic or dextrin), and sometimes additional inert material. Gouache is designed to be opaque. Gouache has a long history, having been used for at least twelve centuries. It is used most consistently by commercial artists for posters, illustrations, comics, and other design work.

Gouache is similar to watercolor in that it can be rewetted and dried to a matte finish, and the paint can become infused into its paper support. It is similar to acrylic or oil paints in that it is normally used in an opaque painting style and it can form a superficial layer. Many manufacturers of watercolor paints also produce gouache, and the two can easily be used together.
Duck Lake (New York)
Duck Lake is located near Spring Lake, New York, United States. Fish species present in the lake are pickerel, largemouth bass, pumpkinseed sunfish, tiger muskie, northern pike, black bullhead, bluegill, black crappie, and yellow perch. There is public access with fee at Duck Lake Campground.

American pickerel
The American pickerel (Esox americanus) is a medium-sized species of North American freshwater predatory fish belonging to the pike family. The genus Esox is placed in the family Esocidae (in the order Esociformes).

Two subspecies are sometimes recognised:

Redfin pickerel, sometimes called the brook pickerel, E. americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789;

Grass pickerel, E. americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846.

Lesueur originally classified the grass pickerel as E. vermiculatus, but it is now considered a subspecies of E. americanus.

There is no widely accepted English common collective name for the two E. americanus subspecies; "American pickerel" is a translation of the French systematic name brochet d'Amérique.
2015 Baku residence building fire
The 2015 Baku residence building fire occurred on 19 May 2015 in a 16-level residence building located at Azadlig Avenue 200/36 in Binagadi raion of Baku, Azerbaijan. The official death toll from the fire was 15, of whom five were children; at least 63 people were injured. Most of the dead were killed by toxic smoke as the building caught fire. It took firefighters three hours to extinguish the fire.

Binagadi raion
Binagadi (Azerbaijani: Binəqədi rayonu or Şestoy; also Binagadi, Binoghad or Shestoy) is a raion in Baku, Azerbaijan. The rayon has a population of 240,800, of which 112,000 are in the municipality.  Binagadi district (former Kirov region) is located in Baku administrative area and is located 10.5 km from the city center, in the North-West of the Absheron Peninsula. Territory is 147,06 sq. M, administrative center is M. Rasulzadeh settlement.
Kelvin Edwards
Kelvin Mack Edwards (born July 19, 1964) is an American former professional football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the New Orleans Saints and Dallas Cowboys. He also was a member of the Dallas Texans of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Liberty Flames and was selected by the Saints in the fourth round of the 1986 NFL draft.

Liberty Flames football
The Liberty Flames football  program represents Liberty University, a private Christian university located in Lynchburg, Virginia, in college football. The Flames compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of Conference USA. The program, which previously competed in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), announced it would start a transition to the top level of NCAA football in July 2017. The Flames became a provisional FBS member in 2018, and became a full FBS member with bowl eligibility in 2019. In 2020, Liberty entered the rankings in the AP Poll at 25 for the first time in program history.

In 2021, Liberty University announced the Flames would become full members of Conference USA effective for the 2023 football season.
Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani
Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani ('Story of a brave woman – Queen of Jhansi') is an Indian historical drama based on the life of Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi. The series was directed by Jitendra Srivastava and written by Rajesh Saksham, Ila Dutta Bedi, Malavika Asthana, Mairaj Zaidi and Virendra Singh Patyal. It premiered on 18 August 2009 on Zee TV with Ulka Gupta playing young Queen Lakshmi Bai. On 8 June 2010, the story moved on several years and Kratika Sengar portrayed the Queen from there on. The last episode aired on 19 June 2011, completing 480 episodes. This show replaced Maayka serial time slot.

Jhalkaribai
Jhalkaribai (22 November 1830 – 5 April 1858) was a woman soldier who played an important role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She served in the women's army of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi. She eventually rose to a position of a prominent advisor to the queen, Rani of Jhansi. At the height of the Siege of Jhansi, she disguised herself as the queen and fought on her behalf, on the front, allowing the queen to escape safely out of the fort.
Danielle Trussoni
Danielle Anne Trussoni is a New York Times, USA Today, and Sunday Times Top 10 bestselling novelist. She has been a Pulitzer Prize in Fiction jurist, and wrote the "Dark Matters" column for the New York Times Book Review for five years, from 2018-2023. She is a graduate of the Iowa Writers Workshop, where she was a Maytag Fellow. Her novels have been translated into 33 languages.

Her work includes six books: Falling Through the Earth (2006), Angelology (2010), Angelopolis (2012), The Fortress (2016), The Ancestor (2020), and The Puzzle Master (2023). The Puzzle Box is forthcoming in 2024. She is the recipient of the Michener-Copernicus Society of America award, the Dana Award in the novel, and The New York Times Top 10 Book of the Year for her first book. In addition to being published in The New York Times Book Review, she has also been published in The Guardian, The New York Times Magazine, and Tin House. Her writings have been widely anthologized.

The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.
Canton of Le Puy-en-Velay-2
The canton of Le Puy-en-Velay-2 is an administrative division of the Haute-Loire department, south-central France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Le Puy-en-Velay.

It consists of the following communes:

Aiguilhe

Chadrac

Chaspinhac

Le Monteil

Polignac

Le Puy-en-Velay (partly)

Aiguilhe
Aiguilhe (French pronunciation: [egɥij] ⓘ) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.

Aiguilhe is close to Le Puy-en-Velay, and famous for the Saint Michel chapel. Raymond of Aguilers was from here.
Agustín Maravall
Agustín Maravall Herrero (born in 1944 in Madrid) is a Spanish economist. He is known for his contributions to the analysis of statistics and econometrics, particularly in seasonal adjustment and the estimation of signals in economic time series. He created a methodology and several computer programs for such analysis that are used throughout the world by analysts, researchers, and data producers. Maravall retired in December 2014 from the Bank of Spain.

Journal of Econometrics
The Journal of Econometrics is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering econometrics. It was established in 1973. The editors-in-chief are Michael Jansson (University of California Berkeley) and Aureo de Paula (University College London). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 9.9.

The journal covers work dealing with estimation and other methodological aspects of the application of statistical inference to economic data, as well as papers dealing with the application of econometric techniques to economics.

Unusually among journals the title of Fellow of Journal of Econometrics is offered to anyone publishing four or more articles in the Journal.
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus platanifolius, the maple-leaved mallow, is a species of flowering tree in the mallow family, Malvaceae, that is native to the India and Sri Lanka. In Sri Lankan texts, the plant is widely known by its synonym H. eriocarpus. The tree is about 8m tall. Leaves are cordate at base; hairy; trilobed. Flowers show axillary panicles where flowers show typical Hibiscus flower colors, pink with dark center. Fruit is a capsule.

Malva
Malva is a genus of herbaceous or woody, annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae.  It is one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. The genus is widespread throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Europe.

The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed. The flowers are from 0.5–5 cm diameter, with five pink, lilac, purple or white petals.
Gilbert S. Meem
Gilbert Simrall Meem (October 5, 1824 – June 10, 1908) was a Virginia farmer and politician who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, as well as became a brigadier general in the Virginia militia and served along with the Confederate States Army in northwestern Virginia and what became West Virginia during the American Civil War. Meem's men participated in Stonewall Jackson's attacks on the towns of Romney and Bath, later Berkeley Springs, now in West Virginia in early January 1862. After the brigade went into winter quarters in Martinsburg, now West Virginia, Meem resigned his commission on February 1, 1862, then served in the Shenandoah County, Virginia, local government during the war and in the Virginia Senate following the war, before moving to Seattle, Washington, and becoming its postmaster in the administration of President Grover Cleveland, where he became a prominent citizen before his death.

Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
De Rietschoof
De Rietschoof is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Zaltbommel, and lies about 13 km southeast of Gorinchem.

It was first mentioned in 1847 as Rietschoof, and means bundle of reed (phragmites australis) for thatching. The postal authorities have placed it under Aalst. In 1840, it was home to 100 people. Since 2015, the hamlet has place name signs.

Gorinchem
Gorinchem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣɔrkʏm] ⓘ or [ˈɣɔrkəm]), also spelled Gorkum, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 21.93 km2 (8.47 sq mi) of which 3.10 km2 (1.20 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 37,410 in 2021.

The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem.
Apollonius Cronus
Apollonius Cronus (Greek: Ἀπολλώνιος Κρόνος; fl. 4th century BCE) from Cyrene was a philosopher of the Megarian school.

Very little is known about him. He was the pupil of Eubulides, and was the teacher of Diodorus Cronus, as Strabo relates:

Apollonius Cronus, was from Cyrene, ... being the teacher of Diodorus the Dialectician, who also was given the appellation "Cronus," certain persons having transferred the epithet of the teacher to the pupil.

The epithet "Cronus" roughly translates as "old fogey".

Megarian school
The Megarian school of philosophy, which flourished in the 4th century BC, was founded by Euclides of Megara, one of the pupils of Socrates. Its ethical teachings were derived from Socrates, recognizing a single good, which was apparently combined with the Eleatic doctrine of Unity. Some of Euclides' successors developed logic to such an extent that they became a separate school, known as the Dialectical school. Their work on modal logic, logical conditionals, and propositional logic played an important role in the development of logic in antiquity.
Boo Boo (album)
Boo Boo is the fifth studio album by Toro y Moi, released on July 7, 2017 via Carpark. "Girl Like You" was the first single from the album and was released on June 9, 2017. Toro y Moi cites Travis Scott, Daft Punk, Kashif, Gigi Masin, Frank Ocean, and Oneohtrix Point Never as inspiration for the album. Toro y Moi said the album was written to help "cope with an identity crisis caused by his growing popularity".

Gigi Masin
Gigi Masin (born October 24, 1955) is an Italian composer, ambient musician and producer from Venice. He is best known for his 1986 LP Wind and as a member of Gaussian Curve, a trio with Jonny Nash and Young Marco.

A member of Italy's underground electronic scene, Masin pressed Wind privately and only released it at a series of small concerts in 1986. Most of the remaining copies were destroyed when Masin's house was flooded. However, it became a cult item after being sampled by artists such as Björk and Nujabes, leading to a revival of interest in Masin's work. Music from Memory released the compilation Talk to the Sea in 2014, and the following year Masin reissued Wind on his own label The Bear on the Moon.

In the years since he released two albums (Clouds, in 2015 and The Distance, in 2017) with the newly formed trio Gaussian Curve, collaborated with Italian duo Tempelhof and released three solo albums and a number of singles and collaborative works.
Per Fuglum
Per Fuglum (7 January 1924 – 13 June 2008) was a Norwegian historian and professor.

He was born in Oslo.  In 1957 he received his doctorate.
Fuglum was assistant professor of history at the University of Oslo from 1961 to 1973, and professor of history at the University of Trondheimfrom 1973 to 1993.
Fuglum was co-editor of Historisk tidsskrift from 1965 to 1971.
Among his works are biographies of the Norwegian prime ministers Ole Richter (from 1964) and Gunnar Knudsen (from 1989). He has also written books on the history of temperance in Norway.

Per Fuglum private archive is kept at NTNU University Library.

Gunnar Knudsen
Gunnar Knudsen (19 September 1848 – 1 December 1928), born Aanon Gunerius Knudsen, was a Norwegian politician from the Liberal Party who served as the prime minister of Norway twice from 1908 to 1910 and from 1913 to 1920. He also inherited a shipping company, and founded the shipping company Borgestad ASA.
Freak Out: Extreme Freeride
FreakOut: Extreme Freeride is a sports video game developed by Swedish studio ColdWood Interactive and published by JoWooD Productions. The player controls one of six playable skiers from a third-person perspective using a combination of buttons to jump and perform tricks, and has to complete challenges to unlock new mountains and equipment.

FreakOut was announced on August 16, 2006, and released on PlayStation 2, Windows and PlayStation Portable in 2007, before being made available worldwide via TotalGaming.net on August 28, 2007, and via Steam on January 13, 2015. It received generally favorable reviews from critics.

Stardock
Stardock Corporation is an American software development company founded in 1991 and incorporated in 1993 as Stardock Systems. Stardock initially developed for the OS/2 platform, but transitioned to Microsoft Windows with the collapse of the OS/2 ecosystem between 1997 and 1998. The company is best known for software that allow a user to modify or extend a graphical user interface as well as PC games, particularly strategy games such as the Galactic Civilizations series.

Stardock created and maintains WinCustomize, a graphical user interface customization community, and developed the Impulse digital distribution system before its sale to GameStop and its 2014 discontinuation. It offers skins and themes for software that is part of their Object Desktop desktop suite. The company is headquartered in Plymouth, Michigan.
North Kenton
North Kenton is a suburban housing estate in the City of Newcastle upon Tyne, in Tyne and Wear, England, located north west of the city centre and to the east of Kingston Park.

North Kenton is a well known area in Newcastle, known to have a strong community spirit. Once a month, the local tenants and residents group known as North Kenton Tenants and Residents Association, work all year round to create events for the whole community. In August every year they plan the annual Family Fun Day with help funding from local business and Newcastle City Council.

In 2016 North Kenton Tenants and Residents Association launched their website

The area includes a refurbished park, and a sports centre.  Buses operate to West Denton, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne and the MetroCentre in Gateshead.

Primary education is provided at Mountfield School and St Cuthberts Primary School; Kenton School is the local high school.

MetroCentre
Metrocentre (previously styled as MetroCentre) is a shopping centre and entertainment complex in the Dunston area of Gateshead. It is located on the former site of Dunston Power Station, near to the River Tyne.

Metrocentre opened in stages, with the first phase opening on 28 April 1986, and the official opening being held on 14 October that year. It has 210 shops, 63 restaurants, an Odeon cinema, a Clip n’ Climb, a bowling alley, a Namco Funscape, The Escapologist and Treetop Golf, occupying over 2,000,000 sq ft (190,000 m2) of retail floor space, making it one of the largest shopping centres in the UK. Additional retail space can be found in the adjoining Metro Retail Park and MetrOasis.
Gadiv Petrochemical Industries
Gadiv Petrochemical Industries Ltd. גדיב תעשיות פטרוכימיה בע"מ, is an Israeli petrochemical company, part of Bazan Group owned by Israel Corporation Ltd. Gadiv offices are located in Haifa, Israel. The company manufactures and markets over 500 thousand tons of petrochemical products each year including aromatics, aliphatic solvents and intermediates for the chemical, pharmaceutical, plastic and food industries. Gadiv is wholly owned by Oil Refineries Ltd.

Israel Corporation
Israel Corporation  (Hebrew: החברה לישראל) (also Israel Corp) is Israel's largest holding company. It was founded in 1968 by the Government of the State of Israel.

50% of its manufacturing activities and 70% of its consolidated revenues  derive from global operations. Its core holdings are fertilizers and specialty chemicals, energy, shipping and transportation. Israel Corp is a constituent of the TA-35 Index of leading shares of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Two of its major holdings, Israel Chemicals and Oil Refineries Ltd are also constituents of the TA-35 Index.
Irinel Ionescu
Irinel Ioan Ionescu (born 25 December 1978) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a centre back mainly for Politehnica Iași, but also for teams such as Metalul Plopeni, CSM Focșani or Cetatea Suceava, among others.

After retirement, Ionescu started a career as a football manager and worked for Știința Miroslava and Flacăra Erbiceni.

Iași County
Iași County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjaʃʲ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași. It is the most populous county in Romania, after the Municipality of Bucharest (which has the same administrative level as that of a county).
Bonjour Stradivarius
The Bonjour Stradivari cello was made by famous luthier Antonio Stradivari 1692. The instrument is named after the amateur 19th-century Parisian cellist Abel Bonjour.

On the death of Bonjour sometime after 1885 the cello passed via Fridolin Hamma of Stuttgart to Dr. Hans Kühne of Cologne, who loaned the cello to the Stradivari Bicentennial exhibition in Cremona in 1937.
Other owners include The Habisreutinger Foundation of St. Gallen, Switzerland, soloist Robert Cohen (who played it between 1984 and 1993) and Martin Lovett of the Amadeus Quartet.
The present owner acquired it in the fall of 1999 and it is currently on loan to The Canada Council for the Arts Instrument Bank, which then loans this instrument for 3 years to the winner of its national competition. After being loaned to Korean-Canadian cellist Soo Bae for 3 years, it was awarded in September 2009 to Canadian cellist Rachel Mercer, in 2012 to Arnold Choi of Calgary, in 2015 to Cameron Crozman, and in 2018 to Bryan Cheng.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
Pa Ham
Pa Ham is a commune (xã) and village of Điện Biên Province, northwestern Vietnam.

The Standing Committee of the National Assembly promulgated Resolution No. 1661/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the rearrangement of commune-level administrative units of Điện Biên Province in 2025 (the Resolution takes effect from 16 June 2025). Accordingly, the entire natural area and population of Hừa Ngài Commune and Pa Ham Commune are rearranged to form a new commune named Pa Ham Commune.

Điện Biên province
Điện Biên is a province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is bordered by Lai Châu to the northeast, Sơn La to the southeast, Pu'er City, Yunnan, China, to the northwest, and Phongsaly province in Laos to the west. The province covers an area of about 9,540 km2 (3,683 mi2) and as of 2024 it had a population of 656,700 people.