hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Santa Elena, Spain
Santa Elena is a municipality in the province of Jaén, in the community autonomous of Andalusia, Spain. It is where the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa took place in 1212. According to the 2024 census, the municipality has a population of 866 inhabitants.

Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (Arabic: معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The caliph al-Nasir (Miramamolín in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from all over the Almohad Caliphate.

Navas de Tolosa (also called Las Navas) is a town and hamlet in southern Spain, in the municipality of La Carolina, in the province of Jaén, in the eastern part of the Sierra Morena region, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with the province of Ciudad Real.
Poste Montagnais
51°53′30″N 65°43′45″W﻿ / ﻿51.89167°N 65.72917°W﻿ / 51.89167; -65.72917

Poste Montagnais (French pronunciation: [pɔst mɔ̃taɲɛ]) or Poste des Montagnais ([- de -]) is the site of Hydro-Québec's electrical substation Poste Montagnais (English: Montagnais Substation) in the Côte-Nord region, approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the border of Labrador. According to the Canadian Geographical Names Database, part of Natural Resources Canada, it is located in Lac-Jérôme, in the extreme western part of the Minganie Regional County Municipality but is in the Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality.

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
Forest of the Martyrs
Forest of the Martyrs (Hebrew: יער הקדושים, romanized: Ya'ar HaKdoshim) is a forest on the outskirts of West Jerusalem, Israel. It is on the western edge of the Jerusalem Forest near Beit Meir. It was planted as a memorial to those who died in the Holocaust and contains six million trees, symbolizing the six million Jews who perished at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators in World War II. In various parts of the forest, memorial stones and marble plaques bear the names of Jewish communities that were destroyed. Additional monuments commemorate the Righteous Among the Nations as well as the donors who contributed to the establishment of the project.

Annual memorial ceremonies are held at the site on Holocaust Remembrance Day.

Beit Meir
Beit Meir (Hebrew: בית מאיר, lit. 'House of Meir') is a religious moshav in central Israel. Located around nine miles from Jerusalem, just off the Highway 1, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 765.
MS Princess Danae
The MS Princess Danae was a cruise liner. The ship was designed by Harland & Wolff as a freighter in Belfast built and ran in 1954 as Port Melbourne, a fast cargo liner for Port Line's UK-Australia express service. She was planned to be rebuilt as a car ferry, the Therisos Express, but instead became the cruise ship Danae. In later years, she was named Starlight Express, Baltica, and then Princess Danae.

From 1994 until 2012, the ship was operated by Classic International Cruises as the Princess Danae. In late summer of 2012, the ship was detained in Dublin, Ireland for the non-payment of a fuel bill. Early in 2013, she was bought by the recently created Portuguese cruise company Portuscale Cruises and renamed Lisboa. She was scrapped at Aliağa on 24 July 2015.

Her sister ship was the Princess Daphne, built as Port Sydney.

Classic International Cruises
Classic International Cruises was a British-Australian owned shipping company operating five luxury cruise ships, most notably its flagship, the rebuilt ocean liner Athena. The company only operated cruise ships that are former ocean liners, the classic ships of their day (hence the company's name).
William Plomer (MP for Great Bedwyn)
William Plomer (fl. 1382–1390), of Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Great Bedwyn in May 1382, October 1382, October 1383, November 1384, 1385 and January 1390.

Great Bedwyn
Great Bedwyn is a village and civil parish in east Wiltshire, England. The village is on the River Dun about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Hungerford, 14 miles (23 km) southeast of Swindon and 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Marlborough.

The Kennet and Avon Canal and the Reading to Taunton line both follow the Dun and pass through the village. Bedwyn railway station is at Great Bedwyn and is the terminus of the rail commuter service via Reading and London Paddington.

The parish lies within the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It includes the hamlets of Crofton and St Katharines, together with Tottenham House and part of its estate, Tottenham Park.
East Brimfield Dam
The East Brimfield Dam is located on the Quinebaug River in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, approximately 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Worcester, Massachusetts.

Designed and constructed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, this dam substantially reduces flooding along the Quinebaug and Thames rivers. Construction of the project began in 1958 with completion in 1960 at a cost of $6,580,000.

The East Brimfield Reservoir, located in Sturbridge and Brimfield to its west, lies within the Quinebaug River Watershed and is part of the Thames River Basin. Access to the site is available from US Route 20.

Thames River (Connecticut)
The Thames River (/θeɪmz/ THAYMZ) is a short river and tidal estuary in the state of Connecticut. It flows south for 15 miles (24 km) through eastern Connecticut from the junction of the Yantic River and Shetucket River at Norwich, Connecticut, to New London and Groton, Connecticut, which flank its mouth at Long Island Sound. The Thames River watershed includes a number of smaller basins and the 80-mile (130 km) long Quinebaug River, which rises in southern Massachusetts and joins the Shetucket River about four miles northeast of Norwich.
Louis Duveau
Louis-Jean-Noël Duveau, a French painter, who was born at St. Malo in 1818, studied history and genre painting under Léon Cogniet in Paris, and afterwards visited Italy. He was successful in representing scenes of fisher-life in his native country. He died in Paris in 1867. In the Lille Museum is his Perseus and Andromeda, painted in 1865.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
Paul Farrer
Paul Myles Farrer (born 1973) is a British composer. He was born in 1973 in Worcester, England.

He has composed music for British game shows including The Weakest Link, The Chase, The Wheel, Millionaire Hot Seat, Dancing on Ice, Michael McIntyre’s Big Show, The John Bishop Show, Ninja Warrior, the short-lived 2008 revival of Gladiators, The Fortune Hotel, The Answer Run and Lucky 13 (hosted by Shaquille O'Neal and Gina Rodriguez). His music was heard in Domino in 2005. He also was the creator and composer of 1000 Heartbeats, as well as the music package for the annual 24 Hour Game Show Marathon livestream event since 2017.

Paul is a member of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. He was the 2003 recipient of the BMI Composer Award, won a Royal Television Society Award in 2023 for Post Production for Late Night Lycett and has been nominated on four further occasions.

The Ivors Academy
The Ivors Academy (formerly known as British Academy of Songwriters Composers and Authors – BASCA) is one of the largest professional associations for music writers in Europe. The academy works to protect and support and also campaigns the interests of songwriters, lyricists, and composers. It represents the music writers of all genres and has approximately 2,000 members.
K. Pudur
K. Pudur is a neighbourhood in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu state in the peninsular India.

It is located at about 158 m above the mean sea level with the geographical coordinates of 9°57′15″N 78°09′03″E﻿ / ﻿9.954300°N 78.150700°E﻿ / 9.954300; 78.150700 (i.e., 9°57'15.5"N, 78°09'02.5"E). Madurai, Sellur, Narimedu, Chinna Chokkikulam, B B Kulam, Simmakkal, Tallakulam, Goripalayam, Shenoy Nagar, Yanaikkal, Nelpettai, East Gate, Thathaneri, Koodal Nagar and Arappalayam are some of the important neighbourhoods of K. Pudur.

K. Pudur area falls under the Madurai North Assembly constituency. The winner of the election held in the year 2021 as the member of its assembly constituency is G. Thalapathi. Also, this area belongs to Madurai Lok Sabha constituency. S. Venkatesan won the 2019 elections, as the member of its Lok Sabha constituency.

G. Thalapathi
G. Thalapathi is an Indian Politician and was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) candidate from Sedapatti constituency in the 1996 election. And he contested the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election from the Madurai North  constituency as a DMK candidate.
Amanita cinereovelata
Amanita cinereovelata is a species of the fungal family Amanitaceae. It was the first generic report for Bangladesh, described as a new species to science in 2015. This species belongs to the subgenus Lepidella section Lepidella. It is only known from Bangladesh, and putatively ectomycorrhizal association with Shorea robusta.

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta, the sal tree, sāla, shala, sakhua, or sarai, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is native to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet and across the Himalayan regions.
Tell Majdaloun
Tell Majdaloun is an archaeological site 1.5 km northwest of the village of the same name and 10 km southwest of Baalbek in the Beqaa Mohafazat (Governorate). It dates at least to the Early Bronze Age.

Beqaa Governorate
Beqaa (Arabic: البقاع Al-Biqā') is a governorate in Lebanon and one of the eight districts of the country. It is located in the eastern part of Lebanon and borders with Syria. The capital of the district is the city of Zahlé.
2nd Mirchi Music Awards
The 2nd Mirchi Music Awards, presented by the Radio Mirchi, honoured the best of Hindi music from the year 2009. The ceremony was held on 10 February 2010 at the Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai. There were many performances, including those by KK, Sunidhi Chauhan, Rekha Bhardwaj, Himesh Reshammiya, Usha Uthup, Shahid Kapoor and Katrina Kaif. A non-film category award was included for the first time. Delhi-6 won a leading eight awards including Album of the Year and Song of the Year for "Masakali". The show was broadcast on 21 February 2010 on Sony TV.

Usha Uthup
Usha Iyer Uthup (born 8 November 1947) is an Indian singer known for her deep contralto voice and her versatility across genres and languages. A prominent figure in Indian music since the 1970s, she has received a Filmfare Award, and was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri in 2011 and the Padma Bhushan in 2024 for her contribution in the field of arts.
Vine Street (Philadelphia)
Vine Street is a major east-west street in Center City Philadelphia. It begins at the Delaware River and proceeds west to 20th Street, where it merges with the Benjamin Franklin Parkway.

In West Philadelphia, it begins again near the intersection of 52nd Street and Haverford Avenue and ends just past 66th Street in Cobbs Creek Park. Vine Street is non-continuous between 5th and 7th Streets because of the Vine Street Expressway and the approach to Benjamin Franklin Bridge, which connects Center City Philadelphia with Camden, New Jersey.

It was part of Philadelphia's original street plan, laid out by William Penn and Thomas Holme in 1682, and remained the northern border of the City of Philadelphia until 1854.

It forms the northern border of Franklin Square and Logan Circle. Parkway Central Library, the main branch of the Free Library of Philadelphia system, and the now-vacant Family Court Building both have their main entrances on Vine Street.

Benjamin Franklin Bridge
The Benjamin Franklin Bridge, originally named the Delaware River Bridge and known locally as the Ben Franklin Bridge, is a suspension bridge across the Delaware River connecting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Camden, New Jersey. Owned and operated by the Delaware River Port Authority, it is one of four primary vehicular bridges between Philadelphia and southern New Jersey, along with the Betsy Ross, Walt Whitman, and Tacony-Palmyra bridges. It carries Interstate 676/U.S. Route 30, pedestrians/cyclists, and the PATCO Speedline.

The bridge was dedicated as part of the 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition, celebrating the 150th anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. From 1926 to 1929, it had the longest single span of any suspension bridge in the world.
ATCOR
All Taxes Come Out of Rent (ATCOR) is a central theory to the heterodox Georgist school of political economy.
Predecessor theories to ATCOR were developed by John Locke, the physiocrats, Adam Smith, and H. Bronson Cowan. In 1998, Mason Gaffney formalized the acronym and theory, describing ATCOR as follows:

The meaning and relevance of ATCOR is that when we lower other taxes, the revenue base is not lost, but shifted to land rents and values, which can then yield more taxes.: 1

Gaffney argued that ATCOR necessarily follows from the inelastic supply of land, the elastic supply of labor and capital, and observations of other forms of taxation. ATCOR has been shown to work in a few US cities, including Cleveland, San Francisco, and New York City.

ATCOR is complementary to the Henry George theorem (HGT), popularized by Joseph Stiglitz—as well as Excess Burden Comes Out of Rent (EBCOR), also introduced by Mason Gaffney.

Heterodox economics
Heterodox economics is a broad, relative term referring to schools of economic thought which are not commonly perceived as belonging to mainstream economics. There is no absolute definition of what constitutes heterodox economic thought, as it is defined in contrast to the most prominent, influential or popular schools of thought in a given time and place.

Groups typically classed as heterodox in current discourse include the Austrian, ecological, Marxist-historical, post-Keynesian, and modern monetary approaches.

Four frames of analysis have been highlighted for their importance to heterodox thought: history, natural systems, uncertainty, and power.

Economist Frederic S. Lee, in 2007 believed 5 to 10 percent of the American economists were heterodox, from both left and right-wing schools.
Ukiyaz
Ukiyaz (Russian: Укияз; Bashkir: Уҡыяҙ, Uqıyaź) is a rural locality (a village) in Dyurtyulinsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Sharansky District
Sharansky District (Russian: Шара́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Шаран районы, Şaran rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Bakalinsky District in the northwest and north, Chekmagushevsky District in the northeast, Buzdyaksky District in the southeast, Tuymazinsky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,384 square kilometers (534 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Sharan. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 22,514, with the population of Sharan accounting for 26.3% of that number.
Mshatta
Mshatta, also known as Qasr al-Mushatta (Arabic: قصر المشتى, romanized: Qasr al-Mshatta, lit. 'Winter Palace'), is the ruin of an Umayyad winter palace, probably commissioned by Caliph Al-Walid II during his brief reign (743-744). The ruins are located approximately 30 km south of Amman, Jordan, north of Queen Alia International Airport, and are part of a string of castles, palaces and caravanserais known collectively in Jordan and the wider Southern Levant region as the Desert Castles (qasr, pl. qusur). Though much of the ruins can still be found in situ, the most striking feature of the palace, its facade, has been removed and is on display at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. The complex was never completed.

Pergamon Museum
The Pergamon Museum (German: Pergamonmuseum; pronounced [ˈpɛʁ.ɡa.mɔn.muˌzeː.ʊm] ⓘ) is a listed building on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin, Germany. It was built from 1910 to 1930 by order of Emperor Wilhelm II and according to plans by Alfred Messel and Ludwig Hoffmann in Stripped Classicism style.  As part of the Museum Island complex, the Pergamon Museum was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 because of its architecture and testimony to the evolution of museums as architectural and social phenomena.

Prior to its closing in 2023, the Pergamon Museum was home to the Antikensammlung, including the famous Pergamon Altar, the Vorderasiatisches Museum and the Museum für Islamische Kunst.

In October 2023, the museum was completely closed for visitors, and is expected to remain mostly closed for 14 to 20 years – until 2037 to 2043 – for the execution of comprehensive renovation works. Its North Wing is expected to reopen in 2027.
Cova da Beira wine
Cova da Beira is a Portuguese wine region centered on the Cova da Beira region between the Dão and Vinho Verde DOCs in the wider Beiras VR wine region. Cova da Beira was initially a separate Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) region (and was the largest IPR in Portugal in terms of land planted with vines), but in 2005, it became one of three subregions of the Beira Interior DOC, which has the higher Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) status. Its name may still be indicated together with that of Beira Interior, as Beira Interior-Cova da Beira.

Cova da Beira produces a broad range of wines similar to those found in the Beiras wine region but is primarily known for its light bodied red wines.

Portuguese wine
Portuguese wine was mostly introduced by the Romans and other ancient Mediterranean peoples who traded with local coastal populations, mainly in the South. In pre-Roman Gallaecia-Lusitania times, the native peoples only drank beer and were unfamiliar with wine production. Portugal started to export its wines to Rome during the Roman Empire. Modern exports developed with trade to England after the Methuen Treaty in 1703. From this commerce a wide variety of wines started to be grown in Portugal. In 1758, one of the first wine-producing regions of the world, the Região Demarcada do Douro was created under the orientation of Marquis of Pombal, in the Douro Valley. Portugal has two wine-producing regions protected by UNESCO as World Heritage: the Douro Valley Wine Region (Douro Vinhateiro) and Pico Island Wine Region (Ilha do Pico Vinhateira). Portugal has a big variety of local kinds, producing a very wide variety of different wines with distinctive personality.
2014 Canada Open Grand Prix
The 2014 Canada Open Grand Prix was the seventh grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in UBC Thunderbird Arena, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada June 30 until July 5, 2014 and had a total purse of $50,000.

Chloe Magee
Chloe Noelle Magee (born 29 November 1988) is an Irish professional badminton player. She represented her country at the Olympic Games for three consecutive times in 2008 Beijing, 2012 London, and 2016 Rio de Janeiro. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, she became the first Irish woman to win a badminton match at the Olympics. She has been described as "the poster girl for Irish badminton". Together with her brother Sam Magee, she clinched a bronze medal at the 2017 European Championships, claiming Ireland's first medal at the European Badminton Championship. The duo also captured the bronze medals at the 2015 and 2019 European Games.
Hamamura
Hamamura (written: 浜村) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hideo Hamamura (浜村 秀雄, 1928–2000), Japanese marathon runner

Hirokazu Hamamura (浜村 弘一, born 1961), Japanese businessman

Jun Hamamura (浜村 純, 1906–1995), Japanese actor

Michiko Hamamura (浜村 美智子, born 1938), Japanese singer and actress

Natsumi Hamamura (浜村 夏美, born 1984), Japanese tennis player

Susumu Hamamura (濱村 進, born 1975), Japanese politician

Hideo Hamamura
Hideo Hamamura (濱村 秀雄, Hamamura Hideo; 20 July 1928 – 7 May 2000) was a Japanese marathon runner.

He won the Boston Marathon in 1955 in a time of 2:18.22 which was a course record. He was 16th in the 1956 Olympic Games marathon in Melbourne.

After retiring from competitive racing, he became an athletics coach.

He died on 7 May 2000 from a malignant tumour.
Toto of Nepi
Toto (died 29 July 768) was the self-styled duke of Nepi, the leading magnate of Etruria, who staged a coup d'état in Rome in 767. He became Duke of Rome for a year until his death. The principal sources documenting his takeover are the vita of Pope Stephen III in the Liber Pontificalis and a surviving deposition of the primicerius Christopher from 769, preserved in a ninth-century manuscript of Verona, the Depositio Christophori.

Etruria
Etruria (/ɪˈtrʊəriə/ ih-TROOR-ee-ə) was a region of Central Italy delimited by the rivers Arno and Tiber, an area that covered what is now most of Tuscany, northern Lazio, and north-western Umbria. It was inhabited by the Etruscans, an ancient civilization that flourished in the area from around the 8th century BC until they were assimilated into the Roman Republic in the 4th century BC.
3C 135
3C 135 is a Fanaroff-Riley class 2 radio galaxy and a Seyfert 2 galaxy located in the constellation of Orion. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.127 and it was first discovered as an astronomical radio source by A.S. Bennett conducting the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources in 1962, before optically identified in 1966 with its counterpart.

Astronomical radio source
An astronomical radio source is an object in outer space that emits strong radio waves. Radio emission comes from a wide variety of sources. Such objects are among the most extreme and energetic physical processes in the universe.