hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Minder
Thomas Minder (born 26 December 1960 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland) is a Swiss entrepreneur and politician. Minder was elected to the Swiss Council of States for the canton of Schaffhausen in 2011. He is an independent but sits with the Swiss People's Party.

He is known in Switzerland for having filed an initiative entitled "against rip-off salaries", created on 31 October 2006 and submitted on 26 February 2008, which proposed that the remuneration of executives in public Swiss companies be more tightly controlled by the shareholders. The initiative, one of the world's most restrictive on corporate governance, was accepted by 67.9% of the population and all the cantons on 3 March 2013.

He is the initiator of a Federal law to better protect the concept of "Swissness".

2011 Swiss federal election
Federal elections were  held in Switzerland on 23 October 2011. 
All of the Federal Assembly were to be elected: all 200 seats in the National Council and all 46 seats in the Council of States.

Voter turnout was 49.1%, compared to 48.9% in 2007.
Fenerbahçe Women Euroleague 2006–07
The EuroLeague Women is an international basketball club competition for elite clubs throughout Europe. The 2006-2007 season featured 18 competing teams from 10 countries. The draw for the groups was held on August 6, 2006, in Munich. The competition began on November 1, 2006.

Note that the competition is operated by FIBA Europe — unlike the men's Euroleague, which is run by the Euroleague Basketball (company).

Euroleague Basketball
Euroleague Basketball, run by Euroleague Commercial Assets (ECA), is a private company that runs and operates men's professional basketball club competitions in Europe, the first-tier EuroLeague, and the second-tier EuroCup. It has been organizing the EuroLeague competition since the 2000–01 season backed by ULEB. Euroleague also oversees the 
European national basketball league rankings since 2008, and the Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament. It is headquartered in Barcelona.
San Diego County Fair
The San Diego County Fair is an annual fair held in Del Mar, California. It is held every summer at the Del Mar Fairgrounds. Established in 1880, the fair is the longest running event in San Diego County.

Fair
A fair (archaic: faire or fayre) is a gathering of people for a variety of entertainment or commercial activities. Fairs are typically temporary with scheduled times lasting from an afternoon to several weeks. Fairs showcase a wide range of goods, products, and services, and often include competitions, exhibitions, and educational activities. Fairs can be thematic, focusing on specific industries or interests.
Sentence spacing in language and style guides
Sentence spacing guidance is provided in many language and style guides. The majority of style guides that use a Latin-derived alphabet as a language base now prescribe or recommend the use of a single space after the concluding punctuation of a sentence.

Latin-script alphabet
A Latin-script alphabet (Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet) is an alphabet that uses letters of the Latin script. The 21-letter archaic Latin alphabet and the 23-letter classical Latin alphabet belong to the oldest of this group. The 26-letter modern Latin alphabet is the newest of this group.
Sharlene Santana
Sharlene E. Santana is a Venezuelan–American biologist, currently serving as the Curator of Mammals at the Burke Museum of Natural History and as a professor of Evolutionary biology at the University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington. Her research primarily focuses on the order Chiroptera (bats), and her work often engages with a diverse range of biological disciplines, including evolution, systematics, biomechanics, behavioral studies, and ecology. Santana has worked to expand opportunities for underrepresented minorities in STEM fields and has relied on innovative applications of technology to increase the amount of high-quality scientific information that is available to the general public.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Sandy Nelson (footballer)
Philip Nelson, commonly known as Sandy Nelson, is a former Australian rules footballer who played 244 games with Sturt in the SANFL from 1966 to 1977.

Nelson, who went by his nickname of Sandy, played in no less than seven premiership teams during his time at Sturt. He played mainly as a centre half back and represented South Australia in 10 interstate matches, including carnivals in 1969 and 1972.

His son Ben would later have a long career with Sturt, captaining the team from 2004 until 2010, playing more than 200 games and being a part of the 2002 premiership team; he also had a brief AFL career at the Carlton and Adelaide Football Clubs.

In 2004, Nelson was inducted into the South Australian Football Hall of Fame.

Sturt Football Club
The Sturt Football Club, nicknamed The Double Blues, is a semi-professional Australian rules football club based in the suburb of Unley, South Australia, which plays in the South Australian National Football League.

Founded in 1901 by the Sturt Cricket Club, the club initially struggled to make the finals, however, in 1915 they won their first Premiership. After several decades of substantial finals appearances and a few premiership wins, Sturt entered a period of success, winning seven premierships from 1966 to 1976 under coach Jack Oatey.

Sturt has a total of 16 premierships, sixteen Magarey Medallists and two Night Premierships.

Sturt wear Oxford and Cambridge Blue reflecting the street names on which their home ground is based. Sturt play their home games at the 15,000 capacity Unley Oval and their club song is named It's a grand old flag.
Rangayana
12°18′41″N 76°38′16″E﻿ / ﻿12.311378280338962°N 76.63773880712374°E﻿ / 12.311378280338962; 76.63773880712374

Rangayana (Kannada: ರಂಗಾಯಣ) is a theatre institute which operates from Mysore, Karnataka, India. It works as an autonomous cultural institute. The organization consists of a professional repertory company, a theatre-training institute and a documentation and research centre. Rangayana offers courses in stage craft, preparation and presentation of plays in Kannada. It also conducts programs for promotion of Kannada theatre. Rangayana hosts a theatre festival in Mysore every year. Rangayana is the only government sponsored repertory theatre in the country. It is also undertaking a project to introduce theatre to kids and has created a children's repertory in association with the International Theatre Institute and Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.

Repertory theatre
A repertory theatre, also called repertory, rep, true rep or stock, which are also called producing theatres, is a theatre in which a resident company presents works from a specified repertoire, usually in alternation or rotation.
Lewis Macleod (footballer)
Lewis Kenneth Macleod (born 16 June 1994) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He came to prominence with Rangers in Scotland and was a product of the club's academy. He later played in England for Brentford, Wigan Athletic and Plymouth Argyle. Macleod represented Scotland from under-16 to under-21 level.

Scottish League One
The Scottish League One, known as William Hill League One for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League One was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Sevier
Sevier also refer to:

Sevier, Utah, an unincorporated community in southwestern Sevier County, Utah

Sevier County, Tennessee

Sevier County, Utah

Sevier County, Arkansas

Sevier River, an endorheic system in Utah

Sevier orogeny, mountain-building event in western North America 160 to 50 million years ago

Sevier (surname)

Sevier orogeny
The Sevier orogeny was a mountain-building event that affected western North America from northern Canada to the north to Mexico to the south.

The Sevier orogeny was the result of convergent boundary tectonic activity, and deformation occurred from approximately 160 million years (Ma) ago to around 50 Ma. This orogeny was caused by the subduction of the oceanic Farallon Plate underneath the continental North American Plate. Crustal thickening that led to mountain building was caused by a combination of compressive forces and conductive heating initiated by subduction, which led to deformation. The Sevier River area of central Utah is the namesake of this event.
Victorian Railways wooden bogie passenger carriages
This page outlines the history and evolution of Victorian Railways (Australia) bogie passenger carriages, constructed with steel underframes and timber bodies up to 59 ft 9 in (18.21 m) long, as well as a few other carriages from the era.

A total of 640 locomotive-hauled, wooden-bodied, bogie carriages were constructed between 1874 and 1903, mostly to variants of the basic design. All carriages were designed to fit within the Victorian Railways' loading gauge, and to run on rails spaced 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) apart. All were fitted with buffers or, later, buffing plates, and all couplings were of the screw type.

In March 1903, the Victorian government announced that a Canadian, Thomas Tait, had been appointed as the new Chairman of Commissioners of the Victorian Railways. He immediately set out to introduce a new type of passenger carriage, inspired by the latest trends overseas. They would later be designated E type carriages, with the first being put into service in late 1906.

Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). However, the railways also operated up to five 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.
Chicago Riot
The Chicago Riot was an indoor soccer team that played in the Major Indoor Soccer League. They were based in Villa Park, Illinois, near Chicago, and they played their home games at the Odeum Expo Center.

Major Indoor Soccer League (2008–2014)
The Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL), originally known as the National Indoor Soccer League, was a professional indoor soccer league which began play in 2008. It was the third league to be known as the Major Indoor Soccer League after the MISL I and MISL II. The MISL name is arguably the most recognizable name in indoor soccer due to its history dating back to 1978. The league name and assets are currently owned by the United Soccer Leagues. The departure of six teams which joined the Professional Arena Soccer League (now the Major Arena Soccer League) after the 2013–14 season effectively ended the MISL.
Live Close By, Visit Often
Live Close By, Visit Often is The Fifth studio album by American country singer–songwriter K. T. Oslin. It was released on March 6, 2001, via BNA Records and contained 12 tracks. The album was co-produced by Oslin and Raul Malo. The project was Oslin's first in five years and second to be issued on the BNA label. It included a mix of new material and cover songs. Its title track was a charting single, as well as its cover of "Come on-a My House." Live Close By, Visit Often would reach a charting position following its release and receive reviews from music publications as well.

Orlando Sentinel
The Orlando Sentinel is the primary newspaper of Orlando, Florida, and the Central Florida region, in the United States. It was founded in 1876 and is currently owned by Tribune Publishing Company.

The Orlando Sentinel is owned by parent company, Tribune Publishing. Tribune Publishing was acquired in May 2021 by a hedge fund, Alden Global Capital, which operates its media properties through Digital First Media.

The newspaper's website utilizes geo-blocking, making it inaccessible from European countries.
Ugu
Ugu is a town and a nagar panchayat in Unnao district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. First officially classified as a town for the 1981 census, Ugu is an old town with medieval ruins that hosts a biweekly market and an annual mela. It is located on the main Unnao-Hardoi road, a bit northwest of Safipur. Some of the main items manufactured here are shoes, slippers, furniture, and lipstick cover. As of 2011, the population is 6,318, in 1,044 households.

Over 90% of Ugu's population lives in slum conditions. There are 10 slum areas in Ugu: Khetu, Manjhkhod North, Manjhkhod South, Newada East, Newada Middle, Newada West, Pakaria Chandi, Shuklana, Sonika, and Tarkhala. These range from 89 to 99 households and have between 1 and 5 tap water access points. The number of flush toilets installed in people's homes ranges from 4 to 65. All 10 areas are serviced by open sewers.

Unnao district
Unnao district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in central India. The city of Unnao is the district headquarters. The district is part of Lucknow Division.

As of the 2011 census, Unnao district has a population of 3,108,367, making it the 31st-most populous district in Uttar Pradesh. It is a predominantly rural district, with over 80% of the population living in rural areas.
Imfura
Imfura, is a 2017 Rwandan documentary short film directed by Samuel Ishimwe and co-produced by Daniel Schweizer and Jean Perret for Haute École d'Art et de Design (HEAD) and Imitana Productions. The film stars Moses Mwizerwa in lead role along with Kijyana Yves and Nyirababikira Hadidja in supportive roles.

The film received positive reviews and won several awards in international film festivals. It became the first Rwandan production to be included in the competition of Berlinale Shorts. The short won the Silver Bear Jury Price at Berlin International Film Festival.

Silver Bear Grand Jury Prize
The Silver Bear Grand Jury Prize (also Jury Grand Prix, Grand Prize of the Jury) is an award given by the jury at the Berlin International Film Festival to one of the feature films in competition. It is the runner-up to the Golden Bear prize and is considered the second most prestigious prize at the festival.
Shutter (photography)
In photography, a shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period, exposing photographic film or a photosensitive digital sensor to light in order to capture a permanent image of a scene. A shutter can also be used to allow pulses of light to pass outwards, as seen in a movie projector or a signal lamp. A shutter of variable speed is used to control exposure time of the film. The shutter is constructed so that it automatically closes after a certain required time interval. The speed of the shutter is controlled either automatically by the camera based on the overall settings of the camera, manually through digital settings, or manually by a ring outside the camera on which various timings are marked.

Cardinal point (optics)
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points. For simple cases where the medium on both sides of an optical system is air or vacuum, four cardinal points are sufficient: the two focal points and either the principal points or the nodal points. The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately determined with simple calculations.
Ella Spira
Ella Spira MBE is a Grammy-nominated composer, visual artist and an award-winning theatre producer based in London, England. Spira co-founded the production company Sisters Grimm alongside ex Royal Ballet ballerina Pietra De Mello-Pittman in 2009. Spira writes and composes music for ballet and film, and works as an arranger making dance remixes for popular UK artists, but her main focus remains Sisters Grimm productions. She was born in Gloucester, and was mentored by film composer David Arnold. As a painter, Spira captured landscapes in situ of countries like China, Indonesia, Lapland, France, Albania, UAE, Brazil, Russia, the UK, and Portugal. Her artworks promote respect and appreciation for nature and raise awareness of environmental issues.

Helen Pickett
Helen Pickett is an American choreographer for stage and film, and has been described as “one of the few prominent women in ballet today”. She earned her Masters of Fine Arts in Dance from Hollins University in 2011.
Tiraumea River (Manawatū-Whanganui)
The northern Tiraumea River is a river of the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. The river rises in the rough hill country of the Tararua District, just south of the settlement of Tiraumea. A tributary, Tiraumea Stream, drains the southern end of the Puketoi Range. The river flows west then north to reach the Manawatū River immediately above the highway and Rail bridges, 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Woodville.

Manawatū–Whanganui
Manawatū-Whanganui ([manawaˈtʉː ˈˀwaŋanʉi]; spelled Manawatu-Wanganui prior to 2019) is a region in the lower half of the North Island of New Zealand, whose main population centres are the cities of Palmerston North and Whanganui. It is administered by the Manawatū-Whanganui Regional Council, which operates under the name Horizons Regional Council. The region covers over 22,000 square kilometres (13,670.166 mi), making it the sixth largest region by area in the country and is home to 261,100 residents.
Soletrader Peek A Boo
Ch. Soletrader Peek A Boo (born 29 October 2009), also known as Jilly, was a Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen show dog owned by Sara Robertson and Wendy Doherty and handled by Gavin Robertson, who won Best in Show at Crufts in 2013. Jilly's owners decided to retire her following her Crufts win. She died 11-years-old in February 2021.

Championship (dog)
Championships are awarded to dogs who have passed through a process of selection at dog shows. Traditionally, a championship was received at a  conformation show, but championships are now offered for dogs who have attained a high degree of perfection in other dog sports as well.
Ahmed Mu'azu
Ahmed Tijani Mu'azu, OON, (born 6 September 1957), is a former acting chairman of Independent National Electoral Commission. He replaced Mahmood Yakubu on 9 November 2020 after his first tenure expired.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Thaumogenesis
Thaumogenesis is the seventh full-length album by drone doom band Nadja, it was released in January 2007 by aRCHIVE recordings. It consists of only one long instrumental track lasting over 60 minutes, and the album was limited to 600 copies.

The album was rereleased in March 2008, with slightly different artwork. This issue of the album is limited to 500 copies only.

The title is from the American TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, then later in Angel,  "The Price". Thaumogenesis means to inadvertently create a being as a byproduct of casting a spell.

The Price (Angel)
"The Price" is the 19th episode of the third season of the American television series Angel, originally broadcast on the WB network.  In this episode, the Hyperion Hotel is infested with silicone slug-like parasites that dry up their human hosts. When Fred becomes infected, Gunn turns to the angry and reclusive Wesley for help. Angel is stunned when his lost infant son reappears, now an adolescent boy calling himself the Destroyer.
Crowell House (Durham, North Carolina)
Crowell House is a historic home located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina.   It was built in 1891 by local contractor T.S. Christian, and is a two-story, Shingle Style dwelling.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is located in the Trinity Historic District.

Shingle style architecture
The shingle style is an American architectural style made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style in Queen Anne architecture. In the shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed the 1876 celebration of the Centennial. The plain, shingled surfaces of colonial buildings were adopted, and their massing emulated.

Aside from being a style of design, the style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.
Cologne Classical Ensemble
The Cologne Classical Ensemble (in German: Kölner Klassik Ensemble) was formed by graduates of the Hochschule für Musik Köln in 2003. With over 30 concerts per year it has become a renowned ensemble for classical music. Founder and Artistic Director of the ensemble is Tobias Kassung. The basic formation of the Cologne Classical Ensemble consists of three violins, viola, cello, double-bass, guitar and piano. Especially their recording of classical arrangements of music by Ástor Piazzolla for Sony Classical became popular.

Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln
The Cologne University of Music (German: Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln) is a public university of music and dance located in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Established in 1850 as the Conservatorium der Musik in Coeln, it is one of the largest music academies in Europe, with approximately 1,400 students and over 100 professors.