hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cyclospasm
Cyclospasm is the contraction or spasm of the ciliary muscle in the eye, in the accommodation of focus for near vision.  It can cause pseudomyopia.

Cyclospasm may also exert tensions on the trabecular meshwork, opening the pores and facilitating outflow of the aqueous humour into the canal of Schlemm. The increase in aqueous humour outflow is desirable for patients with glaucoma.

Pseudomyopia
Pseudomyopia (from ψεῦδο, "pseudo": false; and μυωπία "myopia": near sight) occurs when a spasm of the ciliary muscle prevents the eye from focusing in the distance, sometimes intermittently; this is different from myopia which is caused by the eye's shape or other basic anatomy. Pseudomyopia may be either organic, through stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, or functional in origin, through eye strain or fatigue of ocular systems. It is common in young adults who have active accommodation, and classically occurs after a change in visual requirements, such as students preparing for an exam, or a change in occupation.
Oleksandry Ekster (Kyiv Light Rail)
Oleksandry Ekster (Ukrainian: Олександри Екстер; from 2000 to 2008, Tsvietaievoi; from 2008 to 2023, Maryny Tsvietaievoi) is a station on the Livoberezhna Line of the Kyiv Light Rail system in Ukraine. It was opened on May 26, 2000, and reopened after a significant modernization of the line on October 26, 2012.

Oleksandry Ekster is located between the Myloslavska and Serzha Lyfaria stations. Initially named in honour of Marina Tsvetaeva, a Russian poet, but it was renamed in 2023 in honour of Aleksandra Ekster, painter and designer of the Ukrainian avant-garde.

At one point the Kyiv City authorities proposed connecting the station with a prospective station of the Kyiv Metro's Livoberezhna Line, although that entire project was scrapped in favor of expanding the existing light rail system.

Livoberezhna line (Kyiv Metro)
Livoberezhna line (Ukrainian: Лівобережна лінія, romanized: Livoberezhna liniia, lit. 'left bank line') was a proposed fifth metro line of the Kyiv Metro system, which was planned to serve the left bank neighborhoods of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. The line is typically colored sky blue on the maps.
Deflated Chime, Foals Slightly Flower Sibylline Responses
Deflated Chime, Foals Slightly Flower Sibylline Responses is a limited edition tour-only EP by Elephant Six indie rock band of Montreal.  The EP contains two previously released songs, "Disconnect the Dots" from Satanic Panic in the Attic and "Wraith Pinned to the Mist (And Other Games)" from The Sunlandic Twins, and two new songs, "Psychotic Feeling" and "Noir Blues to Tinnitus."

After the EP's release, "Noir Blues to Tinnitus" was included as the b-side to "Voltaic Crusher/Undrum to Muted Da" from Suicide Squeeze and also appears on the 2012 of Montreal compilation album Daughter of Cloud. The single was sold by the band on their tour in support of The Sunlandic Twins. It was given a rating of five by PopMatters.

Of Montreal
of Montreal is an American indie pop band from Athens, Georgia. It was founded by frontperson Kevin Barnes in 1996, named after a failed romance between Barnes and a woman "of Montreal". The band is identified as part of the Elephant 6 collective. Throughout its existence, of Montreal's musical style has evolved considerably and drawn inspiration from 1960s psychedelic pop acts.
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [tomˈmaːzo ˈpaːdoa ˈskjɔppa]; 23 July 1940 – 18 December 2010) was an Italian banker and economist who served as Italy's Minister of Economy and Finance from 2006 to 2008. He previously served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 1998 to 2005. Padoa-Schioppa is considered as a founding father of the European single currency. He was a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.

Minister of Economy and Finance (Italy)
The minister of economy and finance (Italian: ministro dell'economia e delle finanze) is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet who leads the Ministry of Economy and Finance since its creation in 2001 by the fusion of three former ministries, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Treasury and the Ministry of Budget.

The first minister of economy and finance was Giulio Tremonti, of Forza Italia, while the current office holder is Giancarlo Giorgetti, who has been acting as minister since 22 October 2022.
Bechem
Bechem is a town and is the capital of the Tano South district of the Ahafo Region of Ghana, and Bechem is the district capital for the Tano South Constituency. Bechem is located close to the capital town of Bono, Sunyani. The town is known for the Bechem Presbyterian Secondary School. The school is a second-cycle institution. The town has one of the best teacher training colleges in the country, known as St Joseph College (JOSCO), and has Bechem School for the Deaf and Blind and Technical Institute for the Deaf. It has two villages known as Techimantia and Derma, which both stand tall when it comes to tomato production in the country.

It is the home of Bechem United Football Club, who currently play in the top division in Ghana.

Sunyani
Sunyani (/sʌˈŋjəˈeɪ/ ⓘ) is a city and the capital of the Sunyani Municipal District and the Bono Region of Ghana. The city is located about 105 miles (169 km) northwest of Kumasi and 300 miles (480 km) away from Accra. It is the sixth-largest city in the country as of the 2010 census, with a population of 75,366 people. Ethnic groups such as the Akan, Northerner, Ewe, and Ga-Adangbe resided in the city along with others. As of 2024, the mayor of the municipality was Hon. Ansu Kumi.

Sunyani's economy is largely agrarian, with the city being known for its ever-growing cocoa bean production. The city is home to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sunyani which is under Bishop Matthew Kwasi Gyamfi. Sunyani is also home to many educational institutions, such as the Sunyani Technical University and the University of Energy and Natural Resources.
Athos Bartolucci
Athos Bartolucci (Ferrara, 28 October 1902 – Framura, 1992) was an Italian Fascist politician and journalist, who served as federal secretary of the National Fascist Party in Dalmatia from 1934 to 1942 and as Civilian Commissioner for occupied Dalmatia during World War II.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Orange Bird
Orange Bird is a Disney character first created in 1969 and debuted in 1971 as a mascot for the Florida Citrus Commission, in exchange for them sponsoring the Enchanted Tiki Room attraction and Sunshine Tree Terrace at the Magic Kingdom theme park. Orange Bird is an animated anthropomorphic orange canary.

Florida Department of Citrus
The Florida Department of Citrus (FDOC) is an executive state agency for agriculture in Florida in charge of regulating, researching and marketing the state's citrus industry and citrus research. Its headquarters are in the Bob Crawford Agricultural Center in Bartow. Its Economic Research department is located at 2125 McCarty Hall in the University of Florida in Gainesville, and its Scientific Research department is in Lake Alfred.

FDOC is funded by an assessment paid by Florida's citrus industry. The industry employed over 45,000 people and delivers an economic impact to the state of $8.6 billion.

The FDOC is governed by the Florida Citrus Commission, a board of 9 people appointed by the Governor of Florida.
Small Jamuna River
The Small Jamuna River (Bengali: ছোট যমুনা নদী) is a river in North Bengal, Bangladesh. In 2007, it was observed that the river might merge with the Jamuna River. It passes through Joypurhat and Naogaon

North Bengal
North Bengal (Bengali: উত্তরবঙ্গ Uttôrboṅgo, Uttar Banga) is a cross-border cultural–geographic region consisting of the north-western areas of Bangladesh as well as the northern part of the West Bengal state of India. Bounded to the east by the Jamuna and in the south by the Ganges, it roughly consists of the Rajshahi and Rangpur Divisions of Bangladesh, as well as the Jalpaiguri and most of the Malda Division of the Indian state of West Bengal (excluding Murshidabad). Under a broader sense it can also include adjacent areas considered culturally or geographically part of Bengal, such as Mahananda River basin.

It is roughly coterminous with the historical region of Barind, which gives its name to the Barind Tract, located within this region.
Wok brush
A wok brush is a type of kitchenware that is used to clean a wok. It is made of a bundle of split bamboo stalks tied at the top. It is used with the wok still hot and with hot water or water added to a heated wok to clean without degreaser so the wok does not rust.

To maintain the layer built up on the surface of the wok over time, the bamboo filaments must be strong enough to eliminate any remains stuck to the wok itself, and at the same time, soft enough that no damage is made to the surface of the wok.

Kitchenware
For a record label, see Kitchenware Records

Kitchenware refers to the tools, utensils, appliances, dishes, and cookware used in food preparation and the serving of food. Kitchenware can also be used to hold or store food before or after preparation.
National Stadium (Ireland)
The National Stadium (Irish: An Staid Náisiúnta) (often referred to as the National Boxing Stadium or the National Sporting Arena) in Dublin, Ireland, is a purpose-built boxing stadium built and operated by the Irish Athletic Boxing Association. Major General W. R. E. Murphy, Deputy Commissioner of the Garda Síochána (police) proposed building the stadium in early 1935 and started fundraising with his wife Mary Agnes Murphy. Together they raised about 1/3 of the campaign.  Built in 1939, the venue hosts over 55 days of boxing and a number of other events each year.

W. R. E. Murphy
William Richard English-Murphy, DSO, MC known as W.R.E. Murphy (26 January 1890 – 5 March 1975) was an Irish soldier and policeman. He served as an officer with the British Army in World War I and later in the National Army. In the Civil War, he was second in overall command of the National Army from January to May 1923. He was the first Irish Commissioner of the Dublin Metropolitan Police and the last Commissioner of the force before its merger with the Garda Síochána in 1925. Thereafter he was the Deputy Commissioner of the Gardaí until his retirement in 1955.
1936 United States Senate election in New Hampshire
The 1936 United States Senate election in New Hampshire took place on November 3, 1936. Incumbent Republican Senator Henry W. Keyes did not run for re-election.

Governor of New Hampshire Styles Bridges won the open election to succeed him, defeating former Senator George H. Moses in the Republican primary and Democratic U.S. Representative William N. Rogers in the general election. Bridges would win four more elections to the seat; this election was the closest of his career.

Primary elections were held on September 15, 1936.

Henry W. Keyes
Henry Wilder Keyes (/ˈkaɪz/; May 23, 1863 – June 19, 1938) was an American Republican politician from Haverhill, New Hampshire.  He served as the 56th governor of New Hampshire from 1917 to 1919 and as a United States senator.
France–Suriname relations
Diplomatic relations between France and Suriname were established on 25 August 1976. Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana share a common border of 520 kilometres (320 mi). Suriname operates an embassy in Paris, a consulate in Cayenne, and an honorary consulate in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. France operates an embassy in Paramaribo, a consulate in Georgetown, Guyana, and an honorary consulate in Albina.

Cayenne
Cayenne (/keɪˈɛn/; French pronunciation: [kajɛn] ⓘ; Guianese Creole French: Kayenn) is the prefecture and capital city of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.  The city stands on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne River on the Atlantic coast.  The city's motto is "fert aurum industria", which means "work brings wealth". Cayenne is the largest Francophone city of the South American continent.

In the 2023 census, there were 153,884 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Cayenne (as defined by INSEE), 62,675 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Cayenne proper.
Electrical Audio
Electrical Audio is a recording facility founded in Chicago, Illinois by musician and recording engineer Steve Albini in 1997. Hundreds of independent music projects have been recorded there. Unlike most producers, Albini refused to take any royalties from musicians who record at the studio.

Founded during an era of increasing popularity for digital recording, Electrical Audio was unusual for using only analog recording technology, including mixing consoles, tape recorders and many outboard sound effects. The rooms are also designed to offer natural reverberation rather than adding the quality in post-production.

In a 2007 post on the studio's message board, the studio's technician Greg Norman revealed that the studio had acquired a Pro Tools rig for computer-aided recording and editing, saying it had become "as important to have as a piano". Norman also went on to write that Albini, who disliked digital recording, "won't be recording with [Pro Tools]. So don't ask him about it."

Analog recording
Analog recording is a category of techniques used for the recording of analog signals. This enables later playback of the recorded analog audio.

Analog audio recording began with mechanical systems such as the phonautograph and phonograph. Later, electronic techniques such as wire and tape recording were developed.

Analog recording methods store analog signals directly in or on the media. The signal may be stored as a physical texture on a phonograph record, or a fluctuation in the field strength of a magnetic recording. Analog transmission methods use analog signals to distribute audio content. These are in contrast to digital audio where an analog signal is sampled and quantized to produce a digital signal which is represented, stored and transmitted as discrete numbers.
White Youth
White Youth is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Norman Dawn and starring Edith Roberts, Alfred Hollingsworth, Thomas Jefferson, Arnold Gray, and Hattie Peters. The film was released by Universal Film Manufacturing Company in December 1920.

Norman Dawn
Norman O. Dawn (25 May 1884 – 2 February 1975) was an early American film director. He made several improvements on the matte shot to apply it to motion picture, and was the first director to use rear projection in film production.
Luehdorfia japonica
The Japanese luehdorfia (Luehdorfia japonica) is a species of butterfly in the subfamily Parnassiinae of Papilionidae. It is found only in Japan. It was discovered by Yasushi Nawa in Japan's Gifu Prefecture in 1883. It is also known as the Gifu butterfly (岐阜蝶 or ギフチョウ, Gifu Chō)

Luehdorfia japonica is univoltine with adult emergence in early spring. The larval host plants are wild gingers species of the genus Asarum. Female butterflies lay eggs in clusters on the fresh growth of the host plant, and the hatched larvae feed on the leaf in groups during the early instar stages.

Japanese entomologists have intensively studied the phylogeography, population dynamics and other aspects of the biology of Luehdorfia japonica including the role of the sphragis. This is a post-copulatory plug, attached to the abdomen of the female after copulation preventing her from mating again. It is found in other Parnassinae and some Acraeini.

Mating plug
A mating plug, also known as a copulation plug, vaginal plug, sperm plug, or sphragis (Latin, from Ancient Greek: σφραγίς sphragis, "a seal"), is a gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species. It is deposited by a male into a female genital tract, such as the vagina, and later hardens into a plug or glues the tract together. While females can expel the plugs afterwards, the male's sperm still gets a time advantage in getting to the egg, which is often the deciding factor in fertilization.

The mating plug plays an important role in sperm competition and may serve as an alternative and more advantageous strategy to active mate guarding. In some species, such a passive mate-guarding strategy may reduce selection on large male size. Such a strategy may be advantageous because it would allow a male to increase reproductive success by spending more time pursuing new female mates rather than active mate guarding.
John Oliver Hobbes
Pearl Mary Teresa Richards (November 3, 1867 – August 13, 1906) was an Anglo-American novelist and dramatist who wrote under the pen-name of John Oliver Hobbes. Though her work fell out of print in the twentieth century, her first book Some Emotions and a Moral was a sensation in its day, selling eighty thousand copies in only a few weeks.

George Moore (novelist)
George Augustus Moore (24 February 1852 – 21 January 1933) was an Irish novelist, short-story writer, poet, art critic, memoirist and dramatist. Moore came from a landed family of Catholics who lived at Moore Hall in Carra, County Mayo. He originally wanted to be a painter, and studied art in Paris during the 1870s. There, he befriended many of the leading French artists and writers of the day.

As a naturalistic writer, he was amongst the first English-language authors to absorb the lessons of the French realists, and was particularly influenced by the works of Émile Zola. His writings influenced James Joyce, according to the literary critic and biographer Richard Ellmann, and, although Moore's work is sometimes seen as outside the mainstream of both Irish and British literature, he is as often regarded as the first great modern Irish novelist.
Tailfeathers
Tailfeathers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers (born 1986), Canadian actor and filmmaker

Esther Tailfeathers (born 1960 or 1961), Canadian physician

Gerald Tailfeathers (1925–1975), Canadian painter

Esther Tailfeathers
Esther Tailfeathers (born 1960/1961) is a Canadian physician.

Raised on teetotal tribal lands, where she observed her father's struggles with alcohol, she became the medical lead at Alberta Health Services' Indigenous Wellness Core, where she developed Indigenous Health Commitments: Roadmap to Wellness. She married Bjarne Store-Jakobsen, with whom she had a daughter and son, Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers, and Piinaakoyim Tailfeathers.
Mari, Punjab
Mari (Urdu: ماڑی ) is a village and union council of Mianwali District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is also known as "Old Mari Indus".

Mari is situated 2 kilometers from Mari Indus town on the bank of the Indus River. It is located at 32°57'32N 71°35'7E at an altitude of 234 m (770 ft). This village is famous for its historic ruins of Hindu civilization.

Mianwali District
The Mianwali District (Punjabi: ضِلع مِيانوالى) is a district located in the Sargodha Division of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Mianwali District remained part of Rawalpindi Division until 1963, when Mianwali District became part of Sargodha Division. According to 2023 Pakistani census, population of Mianwali District is 1.79 million.

It has borders with the Talagang, Attock, Kohat, Karak, Lakki Marwat, Dera Ismail Khan, Bhakkar, and Khushab districts.
Allium atroviolaceum
Allium atroviolaceum is a species of flowering plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. it is commonly called the broadleaf wild leek, and is native to Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, southern European Russia and the Caucasus, but widely cultivated in other regions as a food source and for its ornamental value. The species is sparingly naturalized in parts of the United States (Illinois, Kentucky, Virginia, and North and South Carolina) and also in southeastern Europe (Italy, Greece, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine and the Balkans).

Allium atroviolaceum is a perennial herb producing a large round bulb. Scape is up to 100 cm long. Leaves are broadly linear. Umbel is spherical with many purple or red-violet flowers crowded together.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Wu Zaochi
Wu Zaochi (Chinese: 伍藻池; born 1903) was a Chinese politician.

Born in 1903, a native of Taishan, Guangdong, Wu was educated in the United States, where he earned a doctorate in political science from Johns Hopkins University. Wu returned to China to accept a position as professor at the Koumin University of Kwangtun In 1946, Wu was elected to the Constituent National Assembly of the Republic of China, as a representative of the China Democratic Socialist Party. He took office as a member of the Legislative Yuan in March 1947. In later life, Wu moved to the United States.

China Democratic Socialist Party
The China Democratic Socialist Party (CDSP; Chinese: 中國民主社會黨; pinyin: Zhōngguó mínzhǔ shèhuìdǎng) was a Chinese political party founded in Shanghai on 14 August 1946. It was formed through the merger of the former Chinese State Socialist Party (Chinese: 中國國家社會黨) and the Democratic Constitutionalist Party (Chinese: 民主憲政黨). The inaugural leader of the party was Carsun Chang. Along with the Kuomintang, the Young China Party and China Democratic League, it was one of the longest active political parties in both Nationalist China and in post-civil war rump Republic of China in Taiwan.
Thayige Thakka Maga (2018 film)
Thayige Thakka Maga (Like Mother Like Son) is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed and produced by Shashank under Shashank Cinemas. It stars Ajay Rao, Ashika Ranganath and Sumalatha in the lead roles. The film marks 25th film for Ajai Rao and the first production venture for Shashank. Although the film borrows the title from the 1978 hit of the same name, the film reportedly does not relate to the earlier film.

Thayige Thakka Maga was released on 16 November 2018.

Thayige Thakka Maga
Thayige Thakka Maga (pronunciationⓘ transl. Like Mother Like Son) is a 1978 Indian Kannada-language sports action film directed by V. Somashekhar and produced by Parvathamma Rajkumar. It is based on the story written by Anjaneya Pushpanand.

The film starred Rajkumar as a boxer along with Savitri, Padmapriya and Sowcar Janaki. Veteran Tamil-Telugu actress Savitri plays one of the title role of Thayi (Mother) in this film. The screenplay, dialogues and lyrics are written by Chi. Udaya Shankar. The movie saw a theatrical run of 25 weeks.

The film was remade in Telugu as Puli Bidda (1981) and in Hindi as Main Intequam Loonga (1982) starring Dharmendra.