hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East Creek (New Jersey)
East Creek is a 4.8-mile-long (7.7 km) tributary of Delaware Bay in Cape May County, New Jersey in the United States.

It is probably named in contradistinction to West Creek, which lies to the west, although the name of that creek is ultimately derived from the Lenape "westeconk". It rises in Belleplain State Forest, and is dammed to form East Creek Pond, which covers its convergence with Savages Run. It flows through the tidal marshes on the east side of the Stipson Island peninsula, where it is joined by Willis Run. Just below, most of its flow is diverted by Roaring Ditch into Dennis Creek, leaving only a small channel to reach the bay.

Delaware languages
The Delaware languages, also known as the Lenape languages (Delaware: Lënapei èlixsuwakàn), are Munsee and Unami, two closely related languages of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian language family. Munsee and Unami were spoken aboriginally by the Lenape people in the vicinity of the modern New York City area in the United States, including western Long Island, Manhattan Island, Staten Island, as well as adjacent areas on the mainland: southeastern New York State, eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, and Delaware.
Atwell Mill Grove
Atwell Mill Grove is a giant sequoia grove in the east fork of the Kaweah watershed area in California. Can be accessed via the Mineral King Road which branches off California State Route 198 below the south entrance to Sequoia National Park.

The grove is located about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of the community of Silver City and 19 miles (31 km) from the junction of highway 198. The road into this section of the park is narrow and difficult. Atwell Mill Campground, on East Fork of the Kaweah River, is located in part of the grove that was logged before the trees were protected. Atwell Mill was at one time a lumber mill that processed logs from the grove.

California State Route 198
State Route 198 (SR 198) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from U.S. Route 101 (US 101) south of King City to Generals Highway in Sequoia National Park. It connects the California Central Coast to the mid–Central Valley through Hanford and Visalia, although the most developed portion is in the Central Valley itself. SR 198 intersects the major north–south routes in the Central Valley, including Interstate 5 (I-5), SR 33, and SR 99.

The highway that would become SR 198 was approved for construction in the 1910s through three bond issues, and was added to the state highway system in 1934. Parts of the highway were upgraded to freeway during the 1960s. Another portion was converted to an expressway in between Hanford and Visalia, and was completed in late 2012.
Poles in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Poles are one of 17 constitutionally recognized ethnic minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They arrived during the Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina and settled mostly in the north of Bosnia proper, bringing new technology and skilled manpower. Their destiny was tied closely to that of the Ukrainian minority, with whom they joined the Yugoslav Resistance after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. After the Second World War, Bosnian Poles faced difficulties with establishing their rights as a minority as well as persecution by local population and remaining fascist collaborators. This forced a vast majority to answer the Polish government's call for repatriation. There were around 30,000 Poles in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1930, while their number today is estimated to be less than a thousand, with communities in the major cities of Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Zenica and Mostar.

Bosnia (region)
Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna / Босна, pronounced [bɔ̂sna]) is the northern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, encompassing roughly 81% of the country; the other region, the southern part, is Herzegovina.

The two regions have formed a geopolitical entity since medieval times, and the name "Bosnia" commonly occurs in historical and geopolitical senses as generally referring to both regions (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The official use of the combined name started only in the late period of Ottoman rule.
Darren Balsley
Darren Balsley (born October 27, 1964) is an American baseball coach. He was the pitching coach of the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball from 2003 to 2019.

Balsley was a minor-league pitcher before he decided to go into coaching. He went to Mount Carmel High School in San Diego and attended Palomar College.  He had been in this role since May 17, 2003. Under his tutelage, the Padres pitching has greatly improved, with the team ERA going from 4.87 in 2003 to a Major-League best 3.70 in 2007 and again Major-League leading best 3.07 ERA in 2010. Many pitchers have gone on to have some of the best years of their careers under his coaching. These players include Heath Bell, Jake Peavy, Cla Meredith, Chris Young, Akinori Otsuka, and Kevin Cameron.

Cla Meredith
Olise Cla Meredith III (/ˈkleɪ/; born June 4, 1983), nicknamed "the Claw", is a former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox, San Diego Padres, and Baltimore Orioles.
William Yellowlees
William Yellowlees (1796 in Mellerstain – 1855 in London) was a Scottish painter. He came to Edinburgh in 1812, and studied there under William Shiels, the animal painter. He began practice as a portrait painter and soon became popular, winning the sobriquet of "the little Raeburn", partly by the small size, but more by the excellence of his work. He painted in Edinburgh for about fifteen years, and then moved to London, where he met with much success. Prince Albert was among his patrons. He contributed twenty portraits to the Royal Academy between 1829 and 1845. There is a portrait by him in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. This self-portrait was identified by a descendant of William Yellowlees, Scottish psychiatrist and musician Alexander John Yellowlees, in the 1970s whilst attending medical school in Edinburgh.

Sobriquet
A sobriquet (/ˈsoʊ.brɪ.ˌkeɪ, ˌsoʊ.brɪ.ˈkeɪ/ SOH-brih-kay, -⁠KAY) is a descriptive nickname, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. A sobriquet is distinct from a pseudonym in that it is typically a familiar name used in place of a real name without the need for explanation; it may even become more familiar than the original name.

An example is Mohandas Gandhi, who is better known as Mahatma Gandhi ("mahatma" means "great soul" in Sanskrit).

The term sobriquet is equally applicable as a name for a person, group of people, historical event, or place. Well-known places often have sobriquets, such as New York City, often called the "Big Apple", or Rome, the "Eternal City", or Vienna, the "Golden Apple" or Paris the "City of Light".
Kreuz Herne
The Kreuz Herne (German: Kreuz Herne) is a combination interchange with two cloverleaf links in the German state North Rhine-Westphalia.

The motorway interchange forms the connection between the  A43 Kreuz Münstter-Süd-Kreuz Wuppertal-Nord and the A42 Kreuz Kamp-Lintfort-Kreuz Catrop Rauxel--Ost .

Bundesautobahn 42
Bundesautobahn 42 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 42, short form Autobahn 42, abbreviated as BAB 42 or A 42) is an autobahn in western Germany. It connects Kamp-Lintfort with Castrop-Rauxel, linking several large cities in the Ruhr area, such as Dortmund, Duisburg, the North of Essen and Gelsenkirchen. It is colloquially known as Emscherschnellweg, after the river Emscher, which it roughly follows. Construction went underway in the 1970s and 1980s.
Memory module
In computing, a memory module or RAM stick is a printed circuit board on which memory integrated circuits are mounted.

Memory modules permit easy installation and replacement in electronic systems, especially computers such as personal computers, workstations, and servers. The first memory modules were proprietary designs that were specific to a model of computer from a specific manufacturer. Later, memory modules were standardized by organizations such as JEDEC and could be used in any system designed to use them.

Distinguishing characteristics of computer memory modules include voltage, capacity, speed (i.e., bit rate), and form factor.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
James Steven Sadwith
James Steven Sadwith (born October 20, 1952) is an American producer, screenwriter, and Emmy Award-winning film director. His films have won or been nominated for over 30 Emmy and Golden Globe awards. He is best known for directing the television movie In Broad Daylight (1991), the TV series Cracker, the miniseries Sinatra (1992) and Elvis (2005), and the feature film Coming Through the Rye (2015).

In 2018, he became a film professor at the Savannah College of Art and Design.

In Broad Daylight (1991 film)
In Broad Daylight is a 1991 American made-for-television thriller drama film about the life of Ken McElroy, the town bully of Skidmore, Missouri who became known for his unsolved murder. McElroy was fictionalized as the character Len Rowan, portrayed by Brian Dennehy.  The film is based on Harry N. MacLean's nonfiction book of the same name.
Ó Fearghail
The Ó Fearghail are an Irish family of County Longford. The patronym means "descendant of Fearghail", whose name means "man of valour". Fearghail was a great-grandson of Angaile, who was a 10th-century King of Fortúatha. Angaile conquered Annaly, and he is the namesake of Annaly. His Ó Fearghail descendants were the Princes of Annaly for 6 centuries. The Ó Fearghail produced 7 Bishops of Ardagh. The name became Farrell, and Kevin Farrell became Cardinal Bishop of Dallas, Texas.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas
The Diocese of Dallas (Latin: Diœcesis Dallasensis) is a Catholic diocese in North Texas in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of San Antonio, founded in 1890. The mother church is the National Shrine Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Dallas. The bishop is Edward J. Burns.
2024 Torneo de Reservas (Peru)
The Torneo de Reservas was a football tournament in Peru. There are currently 18 clubs in the league. In addition, on the playing field there must be a minimum of five Under-19s (2005 category onwards), and a maximum of 6 Under-23s (2001 category), of which only two can be free category (over 23). Finally, a U-16 (2008 category onwards) will have to add 60 minutes per game.

Additionally, the eight qualifiers for the 2024 Torneo de Promoción y Reserva's quarterfinals will directly access 2025 Liga 3.

Torneo de Promoción y Reservas (Peru)
The Torneo de Promoción y Reservas was a youth football league in Peru for the Peruvian football teams in the Liga 1. The league made its debut in 2010.

The league covers has certain rules involving under age players and benefits for the senior teams. Each team must have at least three players that are at the most 19 years old. The rest of the team can be made up of players that are at the most 21 years old; however, each team has the option to have up to three players that are over the age of 21. The winning reserve team awards their senior club 2 points while the runners-up awards its senior team 1 point.
Inge Verbruggen
Inge Verbruggen is a Belgian freediver athlete.

She broke several times Belgian National records in four different freediving disciplines. Inge has the rare ability to dive "handsfree", which means that she doesn't need her hands to equalize her ears.

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
John McDougall (Quebec politician)
John McDougall (July 25, 1805 – February 25, 1870) was a businessman and political figure in Canada East.

He was born in Coldstream, Scotland in 1805 and settled at Trois-Rivières around 1833. He owned a general store there and served as mayor from 1855 to 1857. He was president of the Three Rivers Gas Company. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Drummond in 1851; he ran unsuccessfully in Trois-Rivières in 1858. McDougall served as a director for the North Shore Railway. In 1862 and 1863, he purchased ironworks at Saint-Maurice and L'Islet.

He died in Vieilles-Forges near Trois-Rivières in 1870.

His sons became partners in his various businesses. His son William was a member of the Canadian House of Commons.

The former ironworks at Saint-Maurice, Les Forges du Saint-Maurice, has been designated a National Historic Site of Canada.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Karshi Abuja
Karshi is a town in Nigeria. It is located in the Federal Capital Territory, a satellite town situated in Abuja Municipal Area Council. Its geographical coordinates are 8° 49' 40" North, 7° 33' 0" East and its original name (with diacritics) is Karshi. Karshi is about 38 km to Federal capital city of Abuja and 41 km from Karshi to Apo.

The predominant tribe in this town are the Gwandara who constitute about 85% of the total population. In the 1980s with the creation of Abuja as the Federal Capital Territory  some Gwandaras left to create what is known today as New Karshi in Nasarawa State with a first class Emir, Muhammadu Bako III (PhD). Other monitory tribes in Karshi are Gade, Gbagyi, Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo, Idoma and Tiv. The predominant occupations of the major inhabitants are farming, hunting and blacksmithing. Islam is the major religion of the people in Karshi central area while few minority tribes dispersed around the area practice Christianity.

Tiv people
Tiv (or Tiiv) are a Bantu ethnic group. They constitute approximately 2.4% of Nigeria's total population, and number over 5 million individuals throughout Nigeria and Cameroon. The Tiv language is spoken by over 5 million people in Nigeria, with a few speakers in Cameroon. Most of the language's Nigerian speakers are found in Benue, Taraba, Nasarawa, Plateau and Cross River states. The language is a branch of Benue–Congo and ultimately of the Niger–Congo phylum. In pre-colonial times, the Fulani ethnic group referred to the Tiv as "Munchi" (also sometimes written Munshi e.g. Duggan, E. de C. 1932), a term not accepted by the Tiv people.
Bungulla disrupta
Bungulla disrupta is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2018 by Australian arachnologists Michael Rix, Robert Raven and Mark Harvey. The specific epithet disrupta comes from the Latin for "broken up" or "separated", with reference to its highly fragmented distribution in the aftermath of land clearing.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Mató
Mató (Catalan pronunciation: [məˈto]) is a fresh cheese of Catalonia made from sheep' or goats' milk, with no salt added.

It is usually served with honey, as a traditional and emblematic Catalan dessert known as mel i mató.

Goat milk
Goat milk is the milk of domestic goats. Goats produce about 2% of the world's total annual milk supply. Some goats are bred specifically for milk. Goat milk naturally has small, well-emulsified fat globules, which means the cream remains in suspension for a longer period of time than cow's milk; therefore, it does not need to be homogenized. Eventually, the cream rises to the top over a period of a few days. If the milk is to be used to make cheese, homogenization is not recommended, as this changes the structure of the milk, affecting the culture's ability to coagulate the milk as well as the final quality and yield of cheese.

Dairy goats in their prime (generally around the third or fourth lactation cycle) average—2.7 to 3.6 kg (6 to 8 lb)—(or 2.8 to 3.8 L (3 to 4 U.S. qt))—of milk production daily—roughly during a ten-month lactation. Goats produce more after freshening and gradually drop production toward the end of their lactation. The milk generally averages 3.5% butterfat.
Vodyanoye, Kursk Oblast
Vodyanoye (Russian: Водяное) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Vinnikovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  64 (2010 census); 72 (2002 census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Madonna dell'Acqua
Madonna dell'Acqua is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of San Giuliano Terme, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 1,531.

Madonna dell'Acqua is about 2 km from Pisa and 9 km from San Giuliano Terme.

San Giuliano Terme
San Giuliano Terme is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Florence and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) northeast of Pisa.
Manchester Arndale
Manchester Arndale is a large shopping centre in Manchester, England.  It was constructed in phases between 1972 and 1979, at a cost of £100 million. Manchester Arndale is the largest of the chain of Arndale Centres built across the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. It was redeveloped after the 1996 Manchester bombing.

The centre has a retail floorspace of just under 1,400,000 sq ft (130,000 m2) (not including Selfridges and Marks and Spencer department stores to which it is connected via a link bridge), making it Europe's third largest city-centre shopping mall. It is one of the largest shopping centres in the UK, with 41 million visitors annually, ahead of the Trafford Centre, which attracts 35 million.

Food court
A food court (in Asia-Pacific also called food hall or hawker centre) is generally an indoor plaza or common area within a facility that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining.

Food courts may be found in shopping malls, airports, and parks. In various regions (such as Asia, the Americas, and Africa), a food court may be a standalone development. In some places of learning such as high schools and universities, food courts have also come to replace or complement traditional cafeterias.
Jürgen W. Heike
Jürgen W. Heike (9 March 1949 – 15 March 2022) was a German politician. A member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, he served in the Landtag of Bavaria from 1994 to 2018. He died in Neustadt bei Coburg on 15 March 2022, at the age of 73.

Neustadt bei Coburg
Neustadt bei Coburg (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏʃtat baɪ ˈkoːbʊʁk] ⓘ, lit. 'New Town near Coburg'; officially Neustadt b. Coburg) is a town in the district of Coburg in northern Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 15 km northeast of Coburg, as its name indicates.
Alagebrium
Alagebrium (formerly known as ALT-711, dimethyl-3-N-phenacylthiazolium chloride) was a drug candidate developed by Alteon, Inc.   It was the first drug candidate to be clinically tested for the purpose of breaking the crosslinks caused by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), thereby reversing one of the main mechanisms of aging. Through this effect Alagebrium is designed to reverse the stiffening of blood vessel walls that contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as well as many other forms of degradation associated with protein crosslinking. Alagebrium has proven effective in reducing systolic blood pressure and providing therapeutic benefit for patients with diastolic heart failure.

Diastole
Diastole (/daɪˈæstəli/ dy-AST-ə-lee) is the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are refilling with blood. The contrasting phase is systole when the heart chambers are contracting. Atrial diastole is the relaxing of the atria, and ventricular diastole the relaxing of the ventricles.

The term originates from the Greek word διαστολή (diastolē), meaning "dilation", from διά (diá, "apart") + στέλλειν (stéllein, "to send").
George Cumming (politician)
George Cumming (20 November 1752  – 1 May 1834) was a Scottish politician. He sat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom for two periods between 1803 and 1826.

A brother of Sir Alexander Cumming-Gordon, he served with the British East India Company before becoming a financial speculator in London.

He was elected at a by-election in 1803 as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Inverness Burghs,
succeeding his brother in the family-controlled seat.
He stood down at the 1806 general election in favour of a relative, Francis Grant. However, control of the seat slipped from his family, and he was defeated when he stood again in 1807.

After an agreement between the rival factions, he was re-elected in 1818 and 1820, and held the seat until 1826.

1826 United Kingdom general election
The 1826 United Kingdom general election was the 7th general election after the Acts of Union 1800, held on 7 June 1826 to 12 July 1826, to elect members of the House of Commons, the lower house of Parliament. It saw the Tories under the Earl of Liverpool win a landslide victory over the Whigs. In Ireland, liberal Protestant candidates favouring Catholic emancipation, backed by the Catholic Association, achieved significant gains.

The seventh United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 2 June 1826. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 25 July 1826, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired. As of 2024, the Earl of Liverpool remains the most recent prime minister to have won four successive elections.