hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eswatini at the Commonwealth Games
Eswatini (previously known as Swaziland) has competed in thirteen Commonwealth Games, with their first attendance being in 1970. They have won four medals, three in boxing and one in athletics. Their first medal was a bronze medal in the men's marathon, won by Richard Mabuza in 1974.

1974 British Commonwealth Games
The 1974 British Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1974 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Christchurch, New Zealand, from 24 January to 2 February 1974. The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games. The event was officially named "the friendly games".

There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials, according to the official history, and public attendance was excellent. The main venue was the QEII Park, purpose-built for this event, which included the athletics stadium, fully covered Olympic standard pool, diving pool, and practice pools.

The Games village was located at the University of Canterbury and had accommodation in the halls of residence and a dining hall for the competitors.

The theme song was "Join Together", sung by Steve Allen. The event was held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes.
Karl Groom
Karl Groom is a British guitarist and record producer. He is best known as a founding and the only constant member of the progressive metal band Threshold. His production and mixing credits are mainly with progressive and power metal bands.

Edenbridge (band)
Edenbridge is an Austrian symphonic metal led by songwriter Arne "Lanvall" Stockhammer and fronted by soprano singer Sabine Edelsbacher. Established in 1998, the band has released eleven studio albums so far.
2012 Trofeul Popeci
The 2012 Trofeul Popeci was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was part of the 2012 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Craiova, Romania between 11 and 17 June 2012. This 6th edition of the Popeci Trophy saw its prize money rise from US$25,000 to US$50,000+H.

Craiova
Craiova (/krəˈjoʊvə/, also US: /kraɪˈoʊvə, krɑːˈjɔːvɑː, krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/, Romanian: [kraˈjova] ⓘ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia.

It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.
Toboggan (horse)
Toboggan (1925 – 1944) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She showed very promising form as a juvenile in 1928 when she won three of her four races including the Dewhurst Stakes. In the following year she finished third in the 1000 Guineas and went on to win the Epsom Oaks, Coronation Stakes and Jockey Club Stakes. She had some success as a broodmare producing the top-class winner Bobsleigh and Hydroplane, the dam of Citation.

Coronation Stakes
The Coronation Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 7 furlong and 213 yards (1,603 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.
Élodie Gossuin
Élodie Gossuin-Lacherie (née Gossuin; born 15 December 1980) is a French beauty pageant titleholder, model, radio and television presenter, columnist and regional politician. She was elected Miss Picardy 2000, Miss France 2001 (she is the 72nd Miss France), and Miss Europe 2001.

She was the French voting spokesperson in the Eurovision Song Contest from 2016 to 2018 and again in 2022. She also co-hosted the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021 held in Paris.

Geneviève de Fontenay
Geneviève Suzanne Marie-Thérèse Mulmann (30 August 1932 – 1 August 2023), known professionally as Geneviève de Fontenay (French pronunciation: [ʒənvjɛv də fɔ̃tnɛ]), was a French businesswoman who served as the president of the Miss France Committee from 1981 until 2007. After leaving her position with Miss France, Fontenay created the beauty pageant Miss Prestige National in 2010, and served as its president until her retirement in 2016.
McMinnville and Manchester Railroad
The McMinnville and Manchester Railroad Company was chartered by an Act of the legislature of the State of Tennessee on February 4, 1850. Under this charter, the railroad company built a line of railroad from McMinnville, Tennessee. southwesterly through Manchester, Tennessee. to Tullahoma, Tennessee, where it connected with the railroad line of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad Company.

The McMinnville and Manchester company opened 34.2 miles (55.0 km) of 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge railroad between McMinnville and Tullahoma in November 1856. In the absence of any contract with the original owner that differed with the franchises granted by law, the railroad was entitled to a right-of-way extended 100 feet (30.5 m) on either side of the center of the railroad line.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Social Liberal Humanist Party
The Social Liberal Humanist Party (Romanian: Partidul Umanist Social Liberal, PUSL), formerly Humanist Power Party (Social-Liberal) (Romanian: Partidul Puterii Umaniste (social-liberal), PPU-SL) is a centrist political party in Romania. It was founded in 2015 by members of the Conservative Party (PC) who did not want to merge with the Liberal Reformist Party (PLR), led by Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu.

Nicolae Păun (politician)
Nicolae Păun (born  9 November 1964) is a Romani-Romanian politician. He is the president of the Party of the Roma, and has held the one reserved seat for Romani people in the Romanian Chamber of Deputies since 2000. Since 2000, he has also been the president of the Committee for Human Rights, Religious Affairs and National Minorities in the Chamber of Deputies.

Nicolae Păun is one of only two ethnic Romani members of parliament in Romania, the other one being Mădălin Voicu of the Social Democratic Party.
Politics of Wallonia
The politics of Wallonia concern the government of Wallonia, that is the southern Region of Belgium.

The capital is Namur, where are the seats of the Government of Wallonia, the Parliament of Wallonia and the Public Service of Wallonia.

Humanist Democratic Centre
Humanist Democratic Centre (French: Centre Démocrate Humaniste, CDH) was a Christian democratic and centrist French-speaking political party in Belgium. The party originated in the split in 1972 of the unitary Christian Social Party (PSC-CVP) which had been the country's governing party for much of the post-war period. It continued to be called the Christian Social Party (French: Parti Social Chrétien, PSC) until 2002 when it was renamed the Humanist Democratic Centre. It was refounded as Les Engagés in 2022.
Shinobi (1987 video game)
Shinobi (忍) is a 1987 hack and slash video game developed and published by Sega for arcades on the Sega System 16 board. The player controls ninja Joe Musashi, who must stop the Zeed terrorist organization from kidnapping students of his clan.

Shinobi was a commercial success in arcades. It topped the monthly Japanese table arcade charts in December 1987, and became a blockbuster hit in the United States, where it was the highest-grossing conversion kit of 1988 and one of the top five conversion kits of 1989. It was adapted by Sega to its Master System game console, followed by conversions to the Nintendo Entertainment System, PC Engine, and home computers. It was re-released as downloadable emulated versions of the original arcade game for the Wii and Xbox 360. The arcade game was released for the Nintendo Switch in January 2020 through the Sega Ages series. Shinobi's success inspired various sequels and spin-offs of the Shinobi series.

Ninja
A ninja (忍者; English: /ˈnɪndʒə/, Japanese: [ɲiꜜɲ.dʑa]), shinobi no mono (忍の者; Japanese: [ɕi.no.bʲi no mo.noꜜ]) or shinobi (忍び; Japanese: [ɕi.no.bʲi]) was a spy and infiltrator in pre-modern Japan. Antecedents may have existed as early as the 12th century. Current legends to the contrary, there is little evidence that they were assassins.

In the unrest of the Sengoku period, the jizamurai, peasant-warriors in Iga Province and the adjacent Kōka District, formed ikki – "revolts" or "leagues" – as a means of self-defense. They became known for their military activities in the nearby regions and sold their services as mercenaries and spies. Following the Tokugawa shogunate in the 17th century, the ninja faded into obscurity.
Opuntia inaequilateralis
Opuntia inaequilateralis, commonly known as the inequilateral prickly pear, is a species of prickly pear cactus in the family Cactaceae. It was described by Alwin Berger in 1905. The Latin name derived from the inequilateral shaped pads of the species, which are generally oblong. Its range spreads throughout parts of arid Peru, where it grows in the dry shrub-land zone, but is also seen in desert areas.

Alwin Berger
Alwin Berger (28 August 1871 – 20 April 1931) was a German botanist best known for his contribution to the nomenclature of succulent plants, particularly agaves and cacti.  Born in Germany he worked at the botanical gardens in Dresden and Frankfurt.  From 1897 to 1914, he was curator of the Giardini Botanici Hanbury, the botanical gardens of Sir Thomas Hanbury at La Mortola, near Ventimiglia in northwestern Italy, close to the border with France.  After working in Germany from 1914 to 1919, Berger studied in the United States for three years, before spending his final years as director of the department of botany of the natural history museum in Stuttgart

His main work, Die Agaven, published in 1915, described 274 species of agave, divided into 3 subgenera, Littaea, Euagave and Manfreda.  He also recognised a new genus of cactus, Roseocactus, in 1925.

The genera Bergerocactus (Cactaceae) and  Bergeranthus (Mesembryanthemaceae) are named in his honour.
2015 Sparkassen Giro
The 2015 Sparkassen Giro featured as the seventh round of the 2015 UCI Women's Road World Cup. It was held on 2 August 2015, in Bochum, Germany. Barbara Guarischi (Velocio–SRAM) won, beating Lucinda Brand (Rabo–Liv) and Emilie Moberg (Team Hitec Products).

Liv AlUla Jayco
Liv AlUla Jayco (UCI Code: LIV) is a women's professional cycling team based in Australia which competes in the UCI Women's World Tour and other elite women's events throughout the world.

After being sponsored by Orica for five years, the team secured sponsorship from Mitchelton Wineries and Scott bicycles, and was known as Mitchelton–Scott, from 2018 to 2020.
Peter Dmytruk
Peter Dmytruk  (May 27, 1920  in Radisson, Saskatchewan – December 9, 1943 at Les Martres-de-Veyre, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne Province, Occupied France) was a Sergeant in the Royal Canadian Air Force who was killed fighting with the French Resistance during World War II.

Puy-de-Dôme
Puy-de-Dôme (French: [pɥi də dom] ⓘ; Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the centre of France. In 2021, it had a population of 662,285. Its prefecture is Clermont-Ferrand and subprefectures are Ambert, Issoire, Riom, and Thiers.

Named after the Puy de Dôme dormant volcano, its inhabitants were called Puydedomois in French until 2005. With effect from 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois; this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.
Ode to Boy
"Ode to Boy" is a song by English synth-pop duo Yazoo. Originally the B-side to their 1982 hit "The Other Side of Love", it was later included on their second and final studio album You and Me Both in 1983. Whereas Yazoo's version is a sparse atmospheric track with synths and percussion, vocalist Alison Moyet later recorded her own version of the song in an uptempo indie-rock style for her 1994 album Essex.

Vince Clarke
Vincent John Martin (born 3 July 1960), known professionally as Vince Clarke, is a British synth-pop musician and songwriter. Clarke has been the main composer and musician of the band Erasure since its inception in 1985, and was previously the main songwriter for several groups, including Depeche Mode, Yazoo, and the Assembly. In Erasure, he is known for his deadpan and low-key onstage demeanour, often remaining motionless over his keyboard, in sharp contrast to lead vocalist Andy Bell's animated and hyperactive frontman antics.

Erasure have recorded over 200 songs and have sold over 28 million albums worldwide. Clarke was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020 as a member of Depeche Mode.
Gerard J. Milburn
Gerard James Milburn (born 1958) is an Australian theoretical quantum physicist notable for his work on quantum feedback control, quantum measurements, quantum information, open quantum systems, and Linear optical quantum computing (aka the Knill, Laflamme and Milburn scheme).

In 2024 he became the first Quantum Fellow of the UK's National Quantum Computing Centre.

Linear optical quantum computing
Linear optical quantum computing or linear optics quantum computation (LOQC), also photonic quantum computing (PQC), is a paradigm of quantum computation, allowing (under certain conditions, described below) universal quantum computation. LOQC uses photons as information carriers, mainly uses linear optical elements, or optical instruments (including reciprocal mirrors and waveplates) to process quantum information, and uses photon detectors and quantum memories to detect and store quantum information.
PAN AM (cable system)
PAN-AM (Pan-American) is a submarine telecommunications cable system connecting the west coast of South America and the Caribbean, crossing the continent through Panama. It has a bandwidth of 5 Gbit/s.

It has landing points in:

Arica, Arica Province, Arica y Parinacota Region, Chile

Lurin, Lima Region, Peru

Punta Carnero, Guayas Province, Ecuador

Battery Pratt, Colón Province, Panama

Barranquilla, Atlántico Department, Colombia

Punto Fijo, Falcón State, Venezuela

Baby Beach, Aruba

St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
Ngāti Maru (Hauraki)
Ngāti Maru is a Māori iwi (tribe) of the Hauraki region of New Zealand. The stronghold of Ngāti Maru has been the Thames area. Ngāti Maru are descendants of Te Ngako, also known as Te Ngakohua, the son of Marutūāhu, after whom the tribe is named.

It is one of five tribes of the Marutūāhu confederation, the others being Ngāti Paoa, Ngāti Rongoū, Ngāti Tamaterā and Ngāti Whanaunga. The Marutūāhu tribes are descended from Marutūāhu, a son of Hotunui, who is said to have arrived in New Zealand on the Tainui canoe. The Marutūāhu tribes are therefore part of the Tainui group of tribes. The Marutūāhu confederation is also part of the Hauraki collective of tribes.

The tribal seat of Ngāti Maru is said to have been Kirikiri, just south-east of Thames.

Tainui
Tainui is a tribal waka confederation of New Zealand Māori iwi. The Tainui confederation comprises four principal related Māori iwi of the central North Island of New Zealand: Hauraki, Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Raukawa and Waikato.
There are other Tainui iwi whose tribal areas lay outside the traditional Tainui boundaries – Ngāi Tai in the Auckland area, Ngāti Raukawa ki Te Tonga and Ngāti Toa in the Horowhenua, Kāpiti region, and Ngāti Rārua and Ngāti Koata in the northern South Island.
Old Buildings on the Darro, Granada
Old Buildings on the Darro, Granada is an 1834 oil painting by the British artist David Roberts. A cityscape it features a view on the River Darro in Granada in the old Moorish medieval section of the city.

Roberts had visited Spain the previous year and spent three weeks in Granada. The work was displayed at the British Institution's annual exhibition in London in 1835 where it was described by the critic of The Athenaeum as "an exquisite thing". It was donated to the nation in 1857 by the art collector John Sheepshanks and is today in the Victoria and Albert Museum, in South Kensington.

The Athenaeum (British magazine)
The Athenæum was a British literary magazine published in London, England, from 1828 to 1921. It absorbed The Literary Chronicle and Weekly Review (1819–1828) and was published as The Athenæum and Literary Chronicle for the first few volumes. In 1921 it merged with The Nation to form The Nation and the Athenaeum.
A Preface to Paradise Lost
A Preface to Paradise Lost is one of C. S. Lewis's most famous scholarly works. The book had its genesis in Lewis's Ballard Matthews Lectures, which he delivered at the University College of North Wales in 1941. It discusses the epic poem Paradise Lost, by John Milton.

Lewis's work responds to Denis Saurat's work Milton: Man and Thinker, which had celebrated "Milton the man, as well as the centrality of the 'personal' (Milton's heresies), to an understanding of the epic". Lewis disagrees with this point of view:

Lewis dismisses what he calls Milton's "private thoughts," "idiosyncratic and accidental as they are," as well as the "heresies" that "reduce themselves to something very small". Lewis's Paradise Lost rather is defined as "Augustinian and Hierarchical," and also, as he writes with a slight nudge and a wink, "Catholic" (although he does immediately acknowledge that he's using the term, in its ordinary sense, to mean "universal," not "Roman Catholic").

Helen Gardner (critic)
Dame Helen Louise Gardner, DBE, FBA (13 February 1908 – 4 June 1986) was an English literary critic and academic. Gardner began her teaching career at the University of Birmingham, and from 1966 to 1975 was a Merton Professor of English Literature at the University of Oxford, the first woman to have that position. She was best known for her work on the poets John Donne and T. S. Eliot, but also published on John Milton and William Shakespeare. She published over a dozen books, and received multiple honours.

Her critical stance was traditional and focused on history and biography; it involved the work's historical context, the personal habits of the author, and the relationship of the text to the time period. One of her beliefs was that a literary critic's job is to assist other people in reading for themselves.
Penobscot
The Penobscot (Abenaki: Pαnawάhpskewi) are an Indigenous people in North America from the Northeastern Woodlands region. They are organized as a federally recognized tribe in Maine.

The Penobscot Nation, formerly known as the Penobscot Tribe of Maine, is the federally recognized tribe of Penobscot in the United States. They are part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, along with the Abenaki, Passamaquoddy, Wolastoqiyik, and Miꞌkmaq nations, all of whom historically spoke Algonquian languages. The Penobscots' main settlement is now the Penobscot Indian Island Reservation, located within the state of Maine along the Penobscot River.

Tribe (Native American)
In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe, or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning.

A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty, a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States.
Sharada Mandir School
Sharada Mandir School is a private co-educational school in Miramar, Panaji, Goa, India, serving students from nursery to higher secondary level. It was established in 1966 and affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations.

The school follows the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) up till Std.10 and is now affiliated with the Indian School Certificate for Std. 12. In the late 2000s, the school was acquired by the industrialist Dattaraj V. Salgaocar (son of Vasudev Salgaocar), who now heads the Board of Trustees as well as the Managing Committee along with his wife Dipti (daughter of Dhirubhai Ambani) and their daughter Isheta (sister-in-law of Nirav Modi).

The school has a wide range of equipment and facilities, ranging from playgrounds, sand pits and yoga rooms to auditoriums and special-education centres.

Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) is an academic qualification awarded by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, a private, non-governmental board of education in India. The CISCE conducts these examinations to assess students' performance in a course of general education, offered through the medium of English, and aligned with the recommendations of the New Education Policy 2020. The board facilitates these examinations for affiliated schools across various states and union territories, ensuring standardized evaluation and representation.