hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monk of Salzburg
The Monk of Salzburg (German: Mönch von Salzburg) was a German composer of the late 14th century. He worked at the court of the Salzburg archbishop Pilgrim von Puchheim (1365–96); more than 100 Liederhandschriften (manuscripts) in Early New High German are attributed to him.

His name and monastic order is unknown; some of the introductions to the manuscript sources mention the names Herman, Johans, and Hanns and describe him as either Benedictine or Dominican. Despite this confusion, all the manuscripts that contain his works "agree that he was a learned monk who wrote sacred and secular songs". His compositions overcome the Minnesang traditions and even approach recent polyphonic settings.

Early New High German
Early New High German (ENHG) is a term for the period  in the history of the German language generally defined, following Wilhelm Scherer, as the period 1350 to 1650, developing from Middle High German and into New High German.

The term is the standard translation of the German Frühneuhochdeutsch (Frnhd., Fnhd.), introduced by Scherer. The term Early Modern High German is also occasionally used for this period (but the abbreviation EMHG is generally used for Early Middle High German).
Mick Betancourt
Mick Betancourt (born April 13, 1974) is an American screenwriter, producer, comedian, actor, and director who has written scripts for several television series on major networks, including Chicago Fire, The Mob Doctor, Chicago P.D., and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.

Betancourt was born in Chicago, to a Puerto rican father, and Irish mother. He graduated from Fenwick High School in 1992 and currently lives in Los Angeles. He sold his first television series to CBS at age 30 and has since written on Breakout Kings, The Black Donnellys, and Detroit 187.

He directed his first short film in 2008, No Place Like Home, which was well received at independent film festivals. Betancourt has performed as a comedian at the Chicago and Montreal Comedy Festivals, and has performed stand-up on channels such as NBC, HBO, TBS, and Comedy Central. He was featured in Studs Terkel's book Death-Will the Circle Be Unbroken.

Chicago Fire (TV series)
Chicago Fire is an American procedural drama series broadcast by NBC. The series was created by Derek Haas and Michael Brandt and the series is the first installment of the Chicago franchise. It stars Jesse Spencer, Taylor Kinney, Monica Raymund, Lauren German, Charlie Barnett, David Eigenberg, Teri Reeves, Eamonn Walker, Yuri Sardarov, Christian Stolte, Joe Miñoso, Kara Killmer, Dora Madison Burge, Steven R. McQueen, Miranda Rae Mayo, Annie Ilonzeh, Alberto Rosende, Daniel Kyri, Adriyan Rae, Hanako Greensmith, Jake Lockett, Jocelyn Hudon and Dermot Mulroney, it premiered on October 10, 2012. As of January 21, 2026, the series has aired 284 episodes. In April 2023, the series was renewed for a twelfth season, which premiered on January 17, 2024. In May 2025, the series was renewed for a fourteenth season which premiered on October 1, 2025.
Castellani people
The Castellani or 'Castelani' (Greek: Καστελλανοί, Kastellanoi) were an ancient Iberian or Pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula. They inhabited the bottom of the eastern Pyrenees in the northern Tarraconense.

The Castellani are one of the groups mentioned by Claudius Ptolemy in his Geographia, book 2, chapter 5. 
Their main settlements were:

Sebendunum (Σεβένδοννον), modern day Besalú

Beseda (Βέσηδα), Sant Joan de les Abadesses

Egosa (Ἐγῶσα)

Basi (Βάσι)

Sant Joan de les Abadesses
Sant Joan de les Abadesses (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaɲ ʒuˈan də ləz əβəˈðɛsəs]) is a town and municipality located in the south-east of the comarca of Ripollès, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
Pradeep
Pradeep is a Diya lamp, used in Puja (religious ceremonies) in Hinduism, Jainism, & Buddhism. It is related to the name Pradip.

Notable people with the name include:

Pradeep (Kannada actor)

Pradeep (Malayalam actor)

Kavi Pradeep

Vidya Pradeep

Pradeep Kumar (actor)

Pradeep Kumar (musician)

G. S. Pradeep

Pradeep Machiraju

Pradeep Rawat (actor)

Pradeep Sharma

Pradeep Pandey

Pradeep Shakthi

Pradeep Sarkar

Pradeep Sindhu

Pradeep E. Ragav

Pradeep Kumar Sinha

Pradeep Khosla

Pradeep John

Deepu Pradeep

Pradeep Mathur

Pappachen Pradeep

Badekkila Pradeep

Deepu Pradeep

Pradeep Chandran Nair

Pradeep (Malayalam actor)

Pradeep Kumar (politician)

Pradeep Yadav (Nepalese politician)

Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)

Pradeep Yadav (cricketer)

Prithvirajsing Roopun (Pradeep Roopun)

Pradeep Tamta

Pradeep Singh Sihag

Pradeep Shettar

Pradeep Jaiswal

Pradeep Palluruthy

Nuwan Pradeep

RJ Pradeep

Pradeep Bhandari

Badekkila Pradeep
Badekkila Pradeep is an Indian Television personality, best known for his Voice Overs in South India, especially the Kannada Television Industry. He is an actor, model, writer, lyricist and a podcaster, known for his Voice since 2005.

He is popularly known for his voice on Bigg Boss Kannada. He has been the voice of Colors Kannada, TV9 Kannada, Namma Metro and hundreds of commercials, documentaries and other works.
Víctor Martín (violinist)
Víctor Martín (Elne, 24 September 1940 – Madrid, 21 September 2017) was a Spanish violinist. He studied in the Madrid Royal Conservatory, in the Geneva Conservatory and in the Cologne Superior Music School. In 1968 he moved to Canada to join the University of Toronto Faculty of Music, where he held a violin chair for a decade. In 1978 he returned to Spain to become the Spanish National Orchestra's new leader, a position he held until 2001. He also served as the leader-conductor of the Spanish Chamber Orchestra and a professor in Madrid Royal Conservatory, which associating with pianist Miguel Zanetti in chamber music.

He died on September 21, 2017. The Spanish National Orchestra's following concert on September 26, which coincidentally included Gabriel Fauré's Requiem, was dedicated to him as a memorial, with Frank Peter Zimmermann joining in his encore.

Elne
Elne (French pronunciation: [ɛln] ⓘ; Catalan: Elna [ˈɛlnə]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

It lies in the former province of Roussillon, of which it was the first capital, being later replaced by Perpignan. Its inhabitants are still called Illibériens in reference to the city's Iberian name, Illiberis, one that it shared with the Illiberis that became Granada, Spain.
V.I.P. Cup
The V.I.P. Cup is a retired trophy that was awarded to the minor premiers of each season in the Australian Ice Hockey League from 2004 to 2009; that is, the team that finishes first overall in the standings at the end of the regular season. The trophy is named for its sponsor, V.I.P. Home Services.

The last winners of the trophy are the Newcastle North Stars, who finished at the top of the standings in the 2009 AIHL season, but lost the grand final against the Adelaide Adrenaline. Since its inception in 2004, the V.I.P. Cup winner has never managed to claim the Goodall Cup in the corresponding playoff series.

The V.I.P. Cup was replaced for the 2010 season with the H Newman Reid Trophy, which was awarded to the Newcastle North Stars. The H Newman Reid Trophy ended up being backdated to 2008.

Minor premiership
A minor premiership is the title given to the team which finishes a sporting competition first in the league standings after the regular season but prior to commencement of the finals in several Australian sports leagues.
Charles B. Gentry
Charles Burt Gentry (1884–1955) was an American teacher-educator and two-time acting president of the University of Connecticut from September 1928 to July 1929 and again May–October 1935. Gentry also served as dean of the Division of Teacher Training (1921–1940), state supervisor of vocational agriculture (1921–1931), director of the Division of Instruction (1931–1939), and university dean, equivalent to provost (1939–1950).

The Neag School of Education is headquartered in the Charles B. Gentry Building, completed in 1960 and named in Gentry's honor in 1969. The building received a $10 million revamp in 2004, adding a 20,000-square-foot wing and becoming the first wireless building on campus.

Wireless network
A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes. Wireless networking allows homes, telecommunications networks, and business installations to avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Admin telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model network structure.

Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless sensor networks, satellite communication networks, and terrestrial microwave networks.
Richard Nguema
Richard Nguema Balboa (born 7 February 1988) is a professional basketball player who plays as a point guard and shooting guard. Born and raised in Spain to Equatorial Guinean parents, he represented Spain and Equatorial Guinea at youth and senior levels, respectively.

Equatorial Guinea men's national basketball team
The Equatorial Guinea national basketball team is the national basketball team from Equatorial Guinea. It has yet to appear at the FIBA World Championship or the FIBA Africa Championship.

The team was originally set to take part in the AfroBasket 2017 qualification.

At the AfroBasket 2021 qualification, the team started out strong as it won its first four games. Yet, at the end the Equatoguineans did not qualify due to narrowly losing the direct comparison against Guinea by two points.
Jorma Taccone
Jorma Christopher Taccone (/ˈjɔːrmə təˈkoʊni/ YOR-mə tə-KOH-nee; born March 19, 1977) is an American writer, producer, director, comedian, actor, and musician. He is a member of the comedy music group The Lonely Island with his childhood friends Andy Samberg and Akiva Schaffer. In 2010, Taccone co-wrote and directed the SNL spinoff film MacGruber, which was his directorial debut. He directed his second feature alongside Schaffer, the musical comedy Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping, which he also co-wrote and co-starred in with Schaffer and Samberg.

The Diary of a Teenage Girl
The Diary of a Teenage Girl is a 2015 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Marielle Heller, based on the hybrid novel of the same name by Phoebe Gloeckner. It stars Bel Powley as a 15-year-old girl in 1970s San Francisco who becomes sexually active by starting a relationship with her mother's boyfriend. It also stars Kristen Wiig, Alexander Skarsgård, Christopher Meloni, Quinn Nagle, and Austin Lyon. It premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and had a limited release on August 7, 2015, by Sony Pictures Classics.
Dae Jang Geum Is Watching
Dae Jang Geum Is Watching (Korean: 대장금이 보고 있다) is a 2018 South Korean television series starring Shin Dong-wook, Kwon Yu-ri, Lee Yul-eum, Kim Hyun-joon and Lee Min-hyuk, a work that started with the idea of how Dae Jang Geum's descendants would live. It aired on MBC TV from October 11, 2018 to January 24, 2019, every Thursday at 23:10 (KST).

Janggeum
Janggeum (Korean: 장금; Hanja: 長今; fl. early 16th century) was reputedly the first female Royal Physician in Korean history. She was mentioned 10 times in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. It is known that King Jungjong was pleased with Jang-geum's medical knowledge and trusted her with taking care of the royal family. She was granted the use of Dae (Korean: 대; Hanja: 大; RR: Dae; MR: Tae) (which means "great" in Korean) before her first name.

Some sources attest to Janggeum as a real person and it is still a topic of debate among scholars.

Janggeum is considered an important person in Korean history, although there is little information about her.
Archie Bayes
Archibald William Clayton Bayes (25 April 1896 – 1980) was an English football goalkeeper. He was born in Bedford.

Bayes began his football career with Ilford who he joined after leaving the RAF. He left Ilford to join Torquay United while Torquay were still a non-league club. He remained at Plainmoor as Torquay progressed into the football league, but missed out on playing in Torquay's first ever game in the football league after an injury in training, Laurie Millsom taking his place.

He soon regained his place in the first team, making his league debut on 7 September 1927 in a 1–0 defeat at home to Millwall. He remained a regular until the end of that season, but played mainly as a reserve after the signing of former England international Harold Gough. Although he made the last of his 55 Football League appearances in 1930, he played for Torquay's reserves as late as 1938.

Plainmoor
Plainmoor is an association football stadium located in the Plainmoor suburb of Torquay, Devon, England. Since 1921, the stadium has been the home of Torquay United Football Club, who currently compete in the National League South, the sixth tier of English football. During the first half of the 2018-19 National League South season, the stadium also hosted Truro City games.
Kansas City Township, Adams County, North Dakota
Kansas City Township was a civil township in Adams County, North Dakota, United States. The 1960 census recorded a population of 75.

The township dissolved prior to the 1980 Census, when it was combined with Cedar Butte, Dakota, Jordan, and Spring Butte Townships to form the Census-designated East Adams Unorganized Territory. As of the 1990 Census, the combined area had a population of 146.

1960 United States census
The 1960 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 179,323,175, an increase of 19 percent over the 151,325,798 persons enumerated during the 1950 census. This was the first census in which all states recorded a population of over 200,000. This census's data determined the electoral votes for the 1964 and 1968 presidential elections. This was also the last census in which New York was the most populous state.

Detroit lost 220,000 residents in the 1950s, which remains the record for the largest loss of population between two censuses.
Old Stone House (Winnsboro, South Carolina)
Old Stone House is a historic home located near Winnsboro, Fairfield County, South Carolina.  It was built in 1784, and is a two-story, side-gable roofed, stone building, with a double-pile floor plan and stone end chimneys. The façade has a central door with a massive stone lintel flanked by single four-over-four windows with stone lintels.  It was built by Samuel Gladney (ca. 1740–1800) and in 1870 it was purchased by the Lebanon Presbyterian Church for use as a parsonage.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Winnsboro, South Carolina
Winnsboro is a town in Fairfield County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,550 at the 2010 census. The population was 3,215 at the 2020 census, a population decrease of approximately 9.5% for the same 10 year period. It is the county seat of Fairfield County. Winnsboro is part of the Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan Area as well as a suburb of Columbia.
Anastasescu National College
Anastasescu National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național Anastasescu) is a high school located at 9-11 Republicii Street, Roșiorii de Vede, Romania.

The school opened in November 1919 as a co-educational gymnasium. Beginning in 1925, the current building was financed by the brothers Niculache and Ionel Anastasescu, as well as by a fee the students paid. Erected between 1928 and 1931, it was inaugurated in January 1932. The school was subsequently called after the Anastasescu brothers. The name was dropped during the communist regime, but revived in 1990, after the Romanian Revolution. In 2000, the school was declared a national college.

The school building is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.

Ministry of Culture (Romania)
The Ministry of Culture of Romania (Romanian: Ministerul Culturii) is one of the ministries of the Government of Romania. The current position holder is András István Demeter from the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ).

The Romanian National Institute of Historical Monuments, part of this ministry, maintains the list of historical monuments in Romania. The list, created in 2004–2005, contains historical monuments entered in the National Cultural Heritage of Romania.
In loco parentis
The term in loco parentis, Latin for "in the place of a parent", refers to the legal responsibility of a person or organization to take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent.

Originally derived from English common law, the doctrine is applied in two separate areas of the law. First, it grants educational institutions such as colleges and schools discretion to act in the best interests of their students, although not allowing what would be considered violations of the students' civil liberties. Second, this doctrine may allow a non-biological parent to exercise the legal rights and responsibilities of a biological parent if they have held themselves out as the parent.

The in loco parentis doctrine is distinct from the doctrine of parens patriae, the psychological parent doctrine, and adoption.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
Saryshevo, Meleuzovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Saryshevo (Russian: Сарышево; Bashkir: Һарыш, Harış) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Saryshevsky Selsoviet, Meleuzovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 406 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Meleuzovsky District
Meleuzovsky District (Russian: Мелеу́зовский райо́н; Bashkir: Мәләүез районы, Mäläwez rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders with Sterlitamaksky and Ishimbaysky Districts in the north, Burzyansky District in the east, Kugarchinsky and Kuyurgazinsky Districts in the south, Fyodorovsky District in the west, and with Sterlibashevsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,234 square kilometers (1,249 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Meleuz (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,159.
Dhaurkauli
Ghurkauli is a town and market center in Hariyon Municipality in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. The formerly village development committee was transformed into municipality merging the existing village development committees i.e. Atrouli, Sasapur, Ghurkauli and Hariyon on May 18, 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7336 people living in 1253 individual households.

Sarlahi District
Sarlahi (Nepali: सर्लाही Listenⓘ) is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. Being one of eight districts of Madhesh Province, it is an Outer Terai district, which borders Rautahat district to the west, Mahottari district to the east, Sindhuli district to the north, and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. The district, with Malangwa as its headquarter, covers an area of 1,259 km2 (486 sq mi) and has a population of 862,470 in 2021.
Scutage
Scutage was a medieval English tax levied on holders of a knight's fee under the feudal land tenure of knight-service. Under feudalism the king, through his vassals, provided land to knights for their support. The knights owed the king military service in return. The knights were allowed to "buy out" of the military service by paying scutage (a term derived from Latin scutum, "shield").

As time passed the kings began to impose a scutage on holders of knight's fees, whether or not the holder was actually a knight.

Scutum
The scutum (Classical Latin: [ˈskuːt̪ʊ̃]; pl.:scuta) was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, most notably by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC.

The Romans adopted it when they switched from the military formation of the hoplite phalanx of the Greeks to the formation with maniples (Latin: manipuli). In the former, the soldiers carried a round shield, which the Romans called a clipeus. In the latter, they used the scutum, which was larger. Originally, it was oblong and convex, but by the first century BC, it had developed into the rectangular, semi-cylindrical shield that is popularly associated with the scutum in modern times. This was not the only kind the Romans used; Roman shields were of varying types depending on the role of the soldier who carried it. Oval, circular and rectangular shapes were used throughout Roman history.
Bidens molokaiensis
Bidens molokaiensis, the Molokaʻi beggarticks, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It belongs to the genus Bidens, collectively called kokoʻolau or koʻokoʻolau in the Hawaiian language. It is found only on Molokaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands.

It inhabits low shrublands and rocky shores. It is threatened by habitat loss due to the spread of invasive weeds, overgrazing, and brushfires.

Overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature reserves. It can also be caused by immobile, travel restricted populations of native or non-native wild animals.

Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion. Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread of invasive species of non-native plants and of weeds. Degrading land, emissions from animal agriculture and reducing the biomass in a ecosystem contribute directly to climate change between grazing events.