hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Heinrich von Groth
Paul Heinrich Ritter von Groth (23 June 1843 – 2 December 1927) was a German mineralogist. His most important contribution to science was his systematic classification of minerals based on their chemical compositions and crystal structures.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Edith G Manners
Edith Gertrude Manners OBE, RGN, SCM (12 June 1899 – 3 September 1966) was matron of Glasgow Royal Infirmary from 1947-1960 during the change from it being a voluntary hospital to being part of the National Health Service in 1948.

Nuffield Trust
The Nuffield Trust, formerly the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, is a charitable trust with the mission of improving health care in the UK through evidence and analysis.

The Nuffield Trust is registered with the Charity Commission as charity number 209169, and is a company limited by guarantee registered in England with company number 00382452. The patron is Anne, Princess Royal. The Chief Executive of the Trust is Thea Stein, and the Chair of the Board is Martin Marshall.
Pulmonary sequestration
A pulmonary sequestration  is a medical condition wherein a piece of tissue that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood supply, as is the case in normally developing lung. This sequestered tissue is therefore not connected to the normal bronchial airway architecture, and fails to function in, and contribute to, respiration of the organism.

This condition is usually diagnosed in children and is generally thought to be congenital in nature. More and more, these lesions are diagnosed in utero by prenatal ultrasound.

Bronchus
A bronchus (/ˈbrɒŋkəs/ BRONG-kəs; pl.: bronchi, /ˈbrɒŋkaɪ/ BRONG-ky) is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The first or primary bronchi to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus. These are the widest bronchi, and enter the right lung, and the left lung at each hilum. The main bronchi branch into narrower secondary bronchi or lobar bronchi, and these branch into narrower tertiary bronchi or segmental bronchi. Further divisions of the segmental bronchi are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi.
The bronchi, when too narrow to be supported by cartilage, are known as bronchioles. No gas exchange takes place in the bronchi.
A Nightmare To Remember
A Nightmare To Remember is annual professional wrestling memorial event produced by the LN Promotions promotion with shows in 2011 and 2012, in memory of "The Nightmare" Ted Allen, a popular masked wrestler during the 1980s and an icon on the Georgia independent circuit, who died from a heart attack at his home in Cartersville, Georgia on August 19, 2010.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Kotla Sharaf
Kotla Sharaf is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from sub district headquarter, 38 kilometres (24 mi) from district headquarter and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Sri Hargobindpur
Sri Hargobindpur is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Situated on the banks of the Beas River
Sixth Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Hargobind Sahib ji established this city on the land bought by his father and fifth guru, Shri Guru Arjan Dev Sahib ji, the city is also the erstwhile capital of the Ramgarhia Misl.

The Gurudwara Dhamdama Sahib stands at the site of the battle of Hargobindpur fought between Sikh forces led by Guru Hargobind and Mughal forces in 1630.
End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.

End run
In gridiron football, an end run is a running play in which the player carrying the ball tries to avoid being tackled by running outside the end (or flank) of the offensive line. It is distinct from a dive, which is a run "up the middle", or an off-tackle run, which is a run through the inside gap created by the offensive tackle. Most option offenses are based on the end run.

Colloquially, and in a metaphorical sense it has come to mean an attempt to avoid a difficult situation by dodging it without confronting it directly, or to attempt to circumvent someone's authority by appealing to a different authority. For example, in Star Trek: The Next Generation, William Riker states: "You need to take it to the Captain, fine – through me. You do an end run around me again, I'll snap you back so hard you'll think you're a first-year cadet again."
Yeísmo
Yeísmo (Spanish pronunciation: [ɟʝeˈismo]; literally "Y-ism") is a distinctive feature of many dialects of the Spanish language, characterized by the loss of the traditional palatal lateral approximant phoneme /ʎ/ ⓘ (written ⟨ll⟩) and its merger into the phoneme /ʝ/ ⓘ (written ⟨y⟩). It is an example of delateralization.

In other words, ⟨ll⟩ and ⟨y⟩ represent the same sound [ʝ] ⓘ when yeísmo is present. The term yeísmo comes from one of the Spanish names for the letter ⟨y⟩ (ye). Over 90% of Spanish speakers exhibit this phonemic merger. Similar mergers exist in other languages, such as French, Italian, Hungarian, Catalan, Basque, Portuguese or Galician, with different social considerations.

Occasionally, the term lleísmo (pronounced [ʎeˈismo]) has been used to refer to the maintenance of the phonemic distinction between /ʝ/ and /ʎ/.

Voiced palatal affricate
A voiced palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɟ͡ʝ⟩ and ⟨ɟ͜ʝ⟩. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨ɟʝ⟩.

This sound is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.

It occurs in languages such as Albanian and Skolt Sami, among others. The voiced palatal affricate is quite rare; it is mostly absent from Europe as a phoneme (it occurs as an allophone in most Spanish dialects), with the aforementioned Uralic languages and Albanian being exceptions. It usually occurs with its voiceless counterpart, the voiceless palatal affricate.
9th Division (German Empire)
The 9th Division (9. Division) was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed in Glogau (now Głogów, Poland) in November 1816 as a brigade, became the 10th Division on September 5, 1818, and was renumbered the 9th Division on February 28, 1820.  The division was subordinated in peacetime to the V Army Corps (V. Armeekorps).  The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.  The division was recruited primarily in the Province of Silesia, primarily in Lower Silesia.

Province of Silesia
The Province of Silesia (German: Provinz Schlesien; Polish: Prowincja Śląska; Silesian: Prowincyjŏ Ślōnskŏ) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1919. The Silesia region was part of the Prussian realm since 1742 and established as an official province in 1815, then became part of the German Empire in 1871. In 1919, as part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, Silesia was divided into the provinces of Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia. Silesia was reunified briefly from 1 April 1938 to 27 January 1941 as a province of Nazi Germany before being divided back into Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia.

Breslau (present-day Wrocław, Poland) was the provincial capital.
Lille Strandstræde 13–15
Lille Strandstræde 13–15 is a property situated at the corner of Lille Strandstræde and the small nameless square that is formed where the street joins Store Strandstræde on the south side of Sankt Annæ Plads in central Copenhagen, Denmark.

The corner property was from at least the 1750s to circa 1890 owned by distillers. Their distillery was located on the upper floors of a still existing warehouse in the courtyard. The ground floor of the warehouse was used as a cow stable. Part of the building fronting the street (first No. 13 and later No. 15) was also used by the distillery. No. 13 dates from 1852. No. 15 dates from 1758 but was refurbished in 1852. The entire complex was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1950. In front of the building is a small garden complex with a bronze cast of Otto Evens's 1859 statue Neapolitan Fisherman Teaches His Son to Play the Flute.

Store Strandstræde
Store Strandstræde (literally "Great Beach Alley") is a street in Copenhagen, Denmark. It extends diagonally from Kongens Nytorv, at the corner of Nyhavn and Bredgade, to Sankt Annæ Plads. Lille Strandstræde ("Small Beach Alley") joins the street shortly before reaching Sankt Annæ Plads.

Nordic Council is headquartered at No. 18 and operates an art gallery featuring Nordic art and artists at the ground floor.
Sidi Megdoul
Sidi Mogdoul was a Moroccan Wali and religious leader who lived in the 11th century.  He was buried in Essaouira.

Sidi Megdoul came from the noble Berber tribe of Regraga, and was credited with renewing the Ribat of Sidi Chiker. From his base in Essaouira, he fought the Berghwata confederacy and later allied with the Almoravids and participated in the propagation of their Da'wa.

The saint also gave his name to the nearby lighthouse, 17 meter high, named the Sidi Mogdoul lighthouse.

Regraga
Regraga (Arabic: ركراكة, romanized: Ragrāga; ⵔⴳⵔⴰⴳⴰ) is a historic Masmuda Berber tribal confederation and religious brotherhood (Tariqa) located in the Chiadma region of Morocco. Historically recognized as the "First Believers" of the Maghreb, the Regraga are famous for their annual 40-day pilgrimage, the Daour, which attracts millions of visitors and serves as a major socio-economic engine for the Essaouira Province.

Unlike typical Sufi orders founded by a single sheikh, the Regraga derive their authority from a collective group of ancestors known as the "Seven Saints" (Sebâatou Rijal), who are said to have converted to Islam directly from the Prophet Muhammad before the Arab conquest of North Africa.
Gleb Pisarevskiy
Gleb Olegovich Pisarevskiy (Russian: Глеб Олегович Писаревский; born 28 June 1976 in Arkhangelsk) is a Russian weightlifter and an honored Master of Sports who won the bronze medal in the 105 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics with a 190 kg snatch and a 225 kg clean and jerk. Pisarevskiy is widely regarded as one of the greatest weightlifting technicians of all time.

Despite limited success on the international stage, Pisarevskiy was renowned as an outstanding lifter in training. Alongside his Olympic bronze medal in 2004, Pisarevskiy is notable for his 255 kg clean during preparations for the Olympics, which remains the heaviest recorded clean by any non super-heavyweight lifter. Additionally, he is among the heavyweight lifters with the highest number of documented snatches over 200 kg.

Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (Russian: Архангельск, pronounced [ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over 40 kilometres (25 mi) along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703, when it was replaced by the newly founded Saint Petersburg.

A 1,133-kilometer-long (704 mi) railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl, and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and the smaller Vaskovo Airport. As of the 2021 Census, the city's population was 301,199.
Smallman
Smallman is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Basil Smallman (1921–2001), English music scholar

David Leslie Smallman, Governor of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha between 1995 and 1999

David Smallman (born 1953), Welsh footballer

Francis Smallman (1565–1633), English politician

Frank Smallman (1869–1941), English professional footballer

Jim Smallman, stand-up comedian, radio presenter, professional wrestling promoter, blogger and voice-over artist.

Mina Smallman (born 1956), English priest

Raymond Smallman (1929–2015), British metallurgist and academic

William Smallman (1615–1643), English politician

Francis Smallman
Francis Smallman (c. 1565 – 7 September 1633) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  in 1621 and 1626.

Smallman was the son of  Francis Smallman and his wife Elizabeth Hopton. He was a lawyer and acquired Kinnersley Castle, serving as High Sheriff of Herefordshire for 1614–15.

In 1621, Smallman was elected Member of Parliament for Leominster. He was elected MP for  Wenlock in 1626.

Smallman married firstly Elizabeth Craft widow of George Craft and daughter of  Stockmede, by whom he had children Francis, Jane, and Jone. He married secondly Susan Clarke, widow of John Clarke of London and daughter of Fabian of Essex by whom he had two children William and Alice.
Moczkowo
Moczkowo [mɔt͡ʂˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barlinek, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Barlinek, 22 km (14 mi) east of Myślibórz, and 64 km (40 mi) southeast of the regional capital Szczecin.

For its history, see History of Pomerania.

Barlinek
Barlinek [barˈlʲinɛk] (German: Berlinchen) is a town in Myślibórz County, in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Barlinek. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 13,491. It is situated on the shores of Barlinek Lake.
The Sims Medieval
The Sims Medieval is a life simulation game that was released in March 2011 by Electronic Arts for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X as part of The Sims series. Mobile versions were released on September 22, 2011 for iOS, Java (J2ME), and also for Windows Phone on March 26, 2013. It is not available on Mac OS Catalina or above. Set in medieval times, it allows the player to build a kingdom through quest-driven gameplay. During presentation at E3 2010, a pre-order exclusive Limited Edition was also available.

MacOS Catalina
macOS Catalina (version 10.15) is the sixteenth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS Mojave and was announced at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019 and released to the public on October 7, 2019. Catalina is the first version of macOS to support only 64-bit applications and the first to include Activation Lock. It is also the last version of macOS to have the major version number be 10.x; its successor, Big Sur, released on November 12, 2020, is version 11. In order to increase web compatibility, Safari, Chromium and Firefox have frozen the OS in the user agent running in subsequent releases of macOS at 10.15.7 Catalina.

The operating system is named after Santa Catalina Island, which is located off the coast of southern California.

macOS Catalina is the final version of macOS that supports the Unibody MacBook Pro, as its successor, macOS Big Sur, drops support for its mid-2012 and final model.
Juan Carlos Natale
Juan Carlos Natale López (born 26 January 1981) is a Mexican politician. A Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla graduate, 
in the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Puebla's 11th district during the 61st session of Congress (2009–2012)

LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXI Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 61st session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.
Chacraraju
Chacraraju or Chakraraju (possibly from Quechua chakra little farm; field, land sown with seed, rahu snow, ice, mountain with snow) is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca range in the Andes of Peru. The mountain has two distinctive peaks: Chacraraju Oeste (west summit; 6,108 metres (20,039 ft)) and Chacraraju Este (east summit; 6,001 metres (19,688 ft)). Chacraraju is located in Huaylas Province, Ancash; south and southeast of Pirámide and east of Lake Parón. The peak is accessible from the Pisco base camp at Cebollapampa.

Chacraraju is considered the steepest and the most difficult-to-climb six-thousander in the Andes. A French expedition led by Lionel Terray first climbed the mountain on 31 July 1956 (Chakrarahu Oeste) and on 5 August 1962 (Chakrarahu Este) using what have since become the normal routes (northeast face and northeast ridge). Greg Mortimer was badly injured during a later attempt to climb the mountain.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Ricoh 2A03
The Ricoh 2A03 or RP2A03 (NTSC version) / Ricoh 2A07 or RP2A07 (PAL version) is an 8-bit microprocessor manufactured by Ricoh for the Nintendo Entertainment System video game console. It was also used as a sound chip and secondary CPU by Nintendo's arcade games Punch-Out!! and Donkey Kong 3.

Donkey Kong 3
Donkey Kong 3 is a 1983 shoot 'em up video game developed and published by Nintendo for arcades. It is the third installment in the Donkey Kong series, following 1982's Donkey Kong Jr. It was ported to the Family Computer in 1984, then in North America for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1986. The gameplay departs from previous Donkey Kong games, and it stars an exterminator named Stanley instead of Mario. The game was a modest financial success in Japan, but its commercial failure in the United States was later cited by commentators as contributing to a period of reduced activity for the series until the release of Donkey Kong (1994) and Donkey Kong Country.

It was re-released on the Wii Virtual Console in North America on July 14, 2008, and in Europe on January 9, 2009. It was re-released on Nintendo Switch through the Nintendo Classics service.
Claude-Jean Allouez
Claude Jean Allouez, SJ (June 6, 1622 – August 28, 1689) was a Jesuit missionary and French explorer of North America. He established a number of missions among the indigenous people living near Lake Superior.

Archdiocese of Quebec
The Archdiocese of Québec (Latin: Archidiœcesis Quebecensis; French: Archidiocèse de Québec) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Quebec, Canada. It is the oldest episcopal see in the New World north of Mexico and the primatial see of Canada. The Archdiocese of Quebec is also the metropolitan see of an ecclesiastical province with the suffragan dioceses of Chicoutimi, Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière and Trois-Rivières. The archdiocese's cathedral is Notre-Dame de Québec in Quebec City.
Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO
The Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO is a graduate business school located near Skolkovo, Moscow Oblast, nearby to Moscow, Russia. The school, founded in 2006, is a joint project between Russian and international business leaders.

SKOLKOVO Business School is funded solely by its commercial activities and private investment.

One of the first SKOLKOVO International Advisory Board members was Lee Kuan Yew, the Minister Mentor of the Republic of Singapore.

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Business School
The School of Business and Management is the business school of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), today considered one of the world's leading business schools in Asia.

Established in 1991 in Hong Kong, it offers undergraduate degrees, full-time MBA, EMBA in partnership with Kellogg School of Management, MSc, PhD, and Executive Education programs. HKUST Business School is also one of the first Asian business schools accredited by both the US-based Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International) and the European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS).

The Business School is well recognized for focusing on new technologies, thanks to a large variety of study tracks and proximity with Nanshan, Shenzhen.

It has six academic departments: Accounting, Economics, Finance, Marketing, Management, and Information System, Business Statistics, and Operations Management (ISOM).
2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout
On Monday, 28 April 2025, at 12:33 CEST (11:33 WEST; 10:33 UTC), a major power blackout occurred across the Iberian Peninsula affecting mainland Portugal and peninsular Spain, where electric power was interrupted for about ten hours in most of the Peninsula and longer in some areas. The power cut caused severe difficulties in telecommunications, transportation systems, and essential sectors such as emergency services. At least seven people in Spain and one in Portugal may have died due to outage-related circumstances like candle fires or generator exhaust fumes. 
The total disconnected load was 31 GW.

Minor power cuts lasting seconds or minutes occurred in adjacent regions of Andorra and parts of southwestern France. Reports indicated problems with the European synchronous electricity grid. Traffic lights in many places stopped working, and metro lines had to be evacuated.

Continental Portugal
Continental Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal continental, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣal kõtinẽˈtal]) or mainland Portugal comprises the bulk of the Portuguese Republic, namely that part on the Iberian Peninsula and so in continental Europe, having approximately 95% of the total population and 96.6% of the country's land. Mainland Portugal is therefore commonly called by residents of the Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira the continent (Portuguese: o continente) in all respects including minor elements of combined governance from Lisbon, the country's capital. Before 1975, when the Portuguese territory also stretched to several now-independent states in Africa, the designation metropole (Portuguese: metrópole) was also used.