hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
November 1974 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Friday, November 29, 1974, with an umbral magnitude of 1.2896. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 3.6 days before perigee (on December 3, 1974, at 6:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Umbra, penumbra and antumbra
The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after impinging on an opaque object of lesser size. In cases of equal or smaller impinging objects, only an umbra and penumbra are generated. Assuming no diffraction, for a collimated beam (such as a point source) of light, only the umbra is cast.

These phenomena are generally observed within solar systems, as the size of the stars within the system are larger than the orbiting satellites, hence these terms are most often used for the shadows cast by celestial bodies, though they are sometimes used to describe levels of darkness, such as in sunspots.
Liénard
Liénard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

François Liénard de la Mivoye (1782–1862), French-Mauritian naturalist

Édouard Liénard (1779–1848), French painter

Alfred-Marie Liénard (1869–1958), French physicist and engineer

Michel Joseph Napoléon Liénard (1810–1870), sculptor from France

Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu, French officer during the Seven Years' War

Yann Lienard (born 2003), French footballer

Liénard–Wiechert potential describes the electromagnetic effect of a moving electric charge

Liénard equation, type of differential equation, after the French physicist Alfred-Marie Liénard

Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu
Daniel Hyacinthe Liénard de Beaujeu (9 or 19 August 1711 – 9 July 1755) was a French officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War. He participated in the Battle of Grand Pre (1747). He also organized the force that attacked General Edward Braddock's army after it forded the Monongahela River. The event was later dubbed the Battle of the Monongahela. Beaujeu led his small force into the attack, where he was shot dead in the opening moments when the attack was launched on July 9, 1755. However, his adoption of Native American customs, such as wearing war paint and regalia, helped raise the morale and fighting tenacity of the warriors under his command.
801st Medical Air Evacuation Squadron
The 801st Medical Air Evacuation Squadron was a United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) unit that provided aeromedical evacuation and support services to front-line units in the Pacific Theater of World War II.  From the latter part of the Guadalcanal Campaign through Operation Cartwheel it was attached to Marine Aircraft Group 25 and the South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command (SCAT).

Operation Cartwheel
Operation Cartwheel (1943–1944) was a major military operation undertaken by the Allies in the Pacific theatre of World War II. The ultimate goal of Cartwheel was to neutralize the major Japanese base at Rabaul. The operation was directed by the Supreme Allied Commander in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA), General Douglas MacArthur, whose forces had advanced along the northeast coast of New Guinea and occupied nearby islands.  US forces from the South Pacific Area, under Admiral William Halsey, advanced through the Solomon Islands toward Bougainville.  Allied forces from Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and various Pacific Islands took part in the operation.
Mark Chelgren
Eric Mark Chelgren (born January 21, 1968) is an American politician who served in the Iowa Senate. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was elected to the Iowa Senate in 2010 and re-elected in 2014. He represented District 41.

He has drawn controversy for proposing legislation that would cap the percentage difference in political parties of professors and instructors that state universities can hire. He also drew controversy for his false claim of having a "business degree" from the "Forbco Management School," which was in fact a manager training course run by a company that operated Sizzler restaurants in southern California.

Chelgren announced in March 2018 that he would not be a candidate for reelection in 2018.

Riverside City College
Riverside City College (RCC) is a public community college in Riverside, California, United States. It is part of the Riverside Community College District, as well as the larger California Community Colleges System.
Chevalier-Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine from Chardonnay in the Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy. It is located within the commune of Puligny-Montrachet. Bâtard-Montrachet borders the Grand Cru vineyard Montrachet and the Puligny-Montrachet Premier Cru vineyard Le Cailleret in the east. In terms of the Côte d'Or hillside, Chevalier-Montrachet is located above Montrachet and is located highest of the five "Montrachet" vineyards. The AOC was created in 1937.

Cru (wine)
Cru is a wine term used to indicate a high-quality vineyard or group of vineyards. It is a French word which was originally used to refer to both a region and anything grown in it, but is now mostly used to refer to both a vineyard and its wines. The term is often used within classifications of French wine. By implication, a wine that displays (or is allowed to display) the name of its cru on its wine label is supposed to exhibit the typical characteristics of this vineyard or group of vineyards. The terms premier cru and grand cru designate levels of presumed quality that are variously defined in different wine regions.
Saleen, County Cork
Saleen (Irish: Sáilín) is a small village and census town in County Cork, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of Garranekinnefeake, in the Cork County Council municipal district of East Cork.  Saleen lies on the R630 regional road between Midleton and Whitegate.

Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a megalithic portal tomb in Saleen Creek near Rostellan, and ringfort sites in the neighbouring townlands of Scartlea Lower and Jamesbrook. The local church, the Church of the Mother of God, is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne and is dated to c. 1801. It is listed on Cork County Council's Record of Protected Structures.

At the start of the 2020 school year, Saleen's national (primary) school had an enrollment  of over 450 pupils. The village had a population of 445 as of the 2016 census, up from 374 as of the 2011 census.

2011 census of Ireland
The 2011 census of Ireland was held on Sunday, 10 April 2011. It was administered by the Central Statistics Office of Ireland and found the population to be 4,588,252 people. Before the census, the latest population estimate was published in September 2010 and calculated that the Irish population had been 4,470,700 in April 2010. The previous census took place five years earlier, on Sunday, 23 April 2006. The subsequent census took place five years later, on 24 April 2016.

The 2011 census was held during the same year as the 2011 United Kingdom census in which the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency administered a census of Northern Ireland, covering those areas of the island that are not part of the Republic of Ireland.
Buscema
Buscema is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Buscema (born 1952), Italian magistrate and academic

John Buscema (1927–2002), American comic book artist

Sal Buscema (1936–2026), American comics artist

Sal Buscema
Silvio Buscema (/bjuːˈsɛmə/ bew-SEM-ə; Italian: [ˈsilvjo buʃˈʃɛːma]; January 26, 1936 – January 24, 2026) was an American comics artist, primarily for Marvel Comics, where he had a ten-year run as artist of The Incredible Hulk and an eight-year run as artist of The Spectacular Spider-Man. He was the younger brother of comics artist John Buscema.
Sir William Ellys, 2nd Baronet
Sir William Ellys (1654–1727) of Wyham and Nocton, Lincolnshire was an English Whig politician who sat in the English House of Commons and British House of Commons for Grantham between 1679 and 1681 and between 1689 and 1713.

Grantham (UK Parliament constituency)
Grantham was a Parliamentary constituency in Lincolnshire, England.

The constituency was created in 1468 as a parliamentary borough which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until the union with Scotland, and then to the Parliament of Great Britain until the Act of Union 1800 established the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The parliamentary borough had its representation reduced to one MP in 1885, and was finally abolished in 1918, the name transferring to a new county division which elected one MP. The county constituency was abolished for the 1997 election, and the area formerly covered by this constituency is now mostly in Sleaford and North Hykeham. Grantham became part of the new constituency of Grantham and Stamford.

The 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies proposes to re-establish the seat in its revised proposal.
Scheme Requests for Implementation
Scheme Requests for Implementation (SRFI) is an effort to coordinate libraries and extensions of standard Scheme programming language, necessitated by Scheme's minimalist design, and particularly the lack of a standard library before Scheme R6RS.  Specific SRFI documents are supported by many scheme implementations.  This, in effect, makes SRFI an informal standards process.

Plug-in (computing)
In computing, a plug-in (also spelled plugin), add-in (also addin, add-on, or addon) or extension is a software component that extends the functionality of an existing software system without requiring the system to be re-built. A plug-in feature is one way that a system can be customizable.

Applications support plug-ins for a variety of reasons including:

Enable third-party developers to extend an application

Support easily adding new features

Reduce the size of an application by not loading unused features

Separate source code from an application because of incompatible software licenses
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833) was an Indian social reformer and writer who was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent. He has been dubbed the "Father of the Indian Renaissance." He was given the title of Raja by Mughal emperor Akbar II (r. 1806–1837).

His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration, education, and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage. Roy wrote Gaudiya Vyakaran, which was the first complete Bangla grammar written book.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Atmaprakash
Atmaprakash (lit. 'Self Revelation'  or 'Emergence') is the 1965 debut novel by Sunil Gangopadhyay, first published in the special Puja issue of Desh. It was largely based on the bohemian lifestyle Sunil led in the 1960s, and he cited Jack Kerouac's writing style as an inspiration.

Desh (magazine)
Desh (Bengali: দেশ) is a Bengali literary magazine featuring short stories, novels, commentary, criticism, poetry, essays, and book reviews. Launched on November 24, 1933, first as a weekly and later as a biweekly, it is one of India's oldest magazines.  Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the magazine published works of prominent Bengali writers including Rabindranath Tagore, Jibanananda Das, Sunil Gangopadhyay, Satyajit Ray, Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay, and Joy Goswami.

A 2008 study by Dr. Chaitali Dutta in the Kolkata metropolitan area found that Desh was more popular among female readers, while males favored Saptahik Bartaman.
Navy Island (Saint Andrews)
Navy Island (previously termed St. Andrews Island) is an undeveloped island in the St. Andrews Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada in the Bay of Fundy.

In 1777, Matthew Thornton, the nephew of US founding father Matthew Thornton, spent a winter "alone with his dog and gun", on Navy Island "after fellow Freemasons helped him escape the United States and flee to Canada.

A shoal extending from Navy Island was the site of a lighthouse.

There is a geodetic triangulation station on the island, 66 metres south of the ruins of a stone fence.

Approximately half the island is owned by the Nature Trust of New Brunswick.

Saint Andrews Parish, New Brunswick
Saint Andrews Parish is a geographic parish in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, located east of St. Stephen.

For governance purposes, the entire parish is part of the town of Saint Andrews, which is a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, it comprised the town of Saint Andrews, which included Navy Island, and the Chamcook local service district, which included Ministers Island and the mainland north of the town. The LSD assessed for fire, police, zoning, emergency measures and animal control services. The taxing authority was 513.00 Chamcook. Both the town and the LSD are members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC).

For census purposes, Statistics Canada divides the area into Saint Andrews, Parish, and Saint Andrews, Town.
Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
Antonio Arrúe Zarauz (1903–1976) was a Spanish politician and a Basque cultural activist. Politically he was a Carlist militant throughout all of his life; in the 1950s and 1960s Arrue informally led the Gipuzkoan branch of the party, and from 1957 to 1959 he held the official Traditionalist jefatura in the province. From 1967 to 1971 he served in the Cortes elected from the so-called tercio familiar. He contributed to Basque culture mostly as organizer and administrator, during the Francoist era engaged especially in Euskaltzaindia. His input as linguist or ethnographer is moderate, though he excelled as one of the best Basque-language orators of his time.

Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (8 April 1930 – 18 August 2010) was the head of the ducal House of Bourbon-Parma from 1977 until his death. Carlos Hugo was a Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain and sought to change the political direction of the Carlist movement through the Carlist Party, of which he was the official head during the fatal Montejurra incidents. His marriage to Princess Irene of the Netherlands in 1964 caused a constitutional crisis in the Netherlands.
Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling
The Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling (lit. 'New Bible Translation'; NBV) is an ecumenical Dutch-language Bible translation, published by the Dutch-Flemish Bible Society and the Catholic Bible Foundation in 2004. A revision of the NBV, the NBV21, was released in late 2021.

The NBV is a commonly used translation in the Dutch-speaking world. A diverse group of churches have used the NBV in their liturgy, such as the Protestant Church in the Netherlands and the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated). The Catholic Church regards the Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling positively, but did not include it in their lectionarium.

Geographical distribution of Dutch speakers
Dutch speakers, or Batavophones, are globally concentrated in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname. Dutch is also spoken in minority areas through Europe and in many immigrant communities in all over the world. Afrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch, but is regarded as a separate language and will not be analyzed in this article.
Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix
The Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix is a motorcycling event that is part of the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing season that takes place at Circuito de Jerez – Ángel Nieto outside Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia. In addition to this event, three other World Championship motorcycling events take place in Spain as of the 2025 season: the Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix, the Aragon motorcycle Grand Prix and the Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix, in the autonomous communities of Catalonia, Aragon and Valencia respectively.

Ducados (cigarette)
Ducados is a cigarette brand presently owned and produced by Altadis, a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco.  The name Ducados originates from the Spanish term for Ducats, a historical gold coin, which was incorporated into the initial packaging design.
Ferreri
Ferreri is an Italian occupational surname, the plural form of Ferraro, meaning blacksmith.

Emilio Ferreri (1894 – 1981), Italian admiral during World War II

Giusy Ferreri (born 1979), Italian singer-songwriter

Jean-Marc Ferreri (born 1962), French footballer of Italian origin

Juan Ferreri (born 1970), Uruguayan footballer

Marco Ferreri (1928–1997), Italian film director, screenwriter and actor

Walter Ferreri, Italian astronomer

Giusy Ferreri
Giuseppa Gaetana "Giusy" Ferreri (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒuːzi ferˈrɛːri]; born 17 April 1979) is an Italian singer and songwriter. In 2008, she took part in the first Italian edition of the talent show X Factor, coming in second place.

She topped the Italian Singles Chart 5 times, with the singles "Non ti scordar mai di me", "Novembre", diamond certified collaboration  "Roma-Bangkok" with Baby K, "Amore e capoeira" and "Jambo", both with Takagi & Ketra. She spent a total of 48 weeks at number one in the country, beating the previous record owned by Madonna (38 weeks).

Ferreri has sold over 2.8 million copies worldwide to-date.

She has collaborated with many notable Italian singers, including Ornella Vanoni, Claudio Baglioni, Ron, Tiziano Ferro, J-Ax, Ermal Meta and Giuliano Sangiorgi.
Plemberk
Plemberk (pronounced [ˈpleːmbɛɾk]) is a settlement in the foothills of the Gorjanci range in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Žumberak Mountains
The Žumberak Mountains (Croatian: Žumberačka gora, Slovene: Gorjanci, historic German name: Uskokengebirge) is a range of hills and mountains in northwestern Croatia and southeastern Slovenia, extending from the southwest to the northeast between the Krka and the Kupa.

It covers an area of 430 km2 (170 sq mi). The geographically unified massif consists of two parts, separated by the Bregana and Žumberak rivers (Croatian: Žumberačka rijeka). The northeastern part is the Samobor Hills (Croatian: Samoborsko gorje) with the foothills. The central and western part is named Žumberak Hills (Croatian: Žumberačko gorje, Žumberak). Its northwesternmost part, named Gorjanci, lies in Slovenia. The highest peak of the range is Sveta Gera (Trdina Peak) on the border between Croatia and Slovenia, with an elevation of 1,178 m (3,865 ft). Since 1999, an area of the range in Croatia has been protected as the Žumberak–Samobor Hills Nature Park.
Explorer 6
Explorer 6, or S-2, was a NASA satellite, launched on 7 August 1959, at 14:24:20 GMT. It was a small, spherical satellite designed to study trapped radiation of various energies, galactic cosmic rays, geomagnetism, radio propagation in the upper atmosphere, and the flux of micrometeorites. It also tested a scanning device designed for photographing the Earth's cloud cover. On 14 August 1959, Explorer 6 took the first photos of Earth from a satellite.

Flux
Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance. Flux is a concept in applied mathematics and vector calculus which has many applications in physics.  For transport phenomena, flux is a vector quantity, describing the magnitude and direction of the flow of a substance or property. In vector calculus, flux is a scalar quantity, defined as the surface integral of the perpendicular component of a vector field over a surface.
Ridgeland High School
Ridgeland High School is the name of many secondary schools in the United States, among them:

Ridgeland-Hardeeville High School, in Ridgeland, South Carolina

Ridgeland High School (Mississippi), in Ridgeland, Mississippi

Ridgeland High School (Georgia), in Rossville, Georgia

Ridgeland-Hardeeville High School
Ridgeland-Hardeeville High School or RHHS is a public high school within the Jasper County School District, located in Ridgeland, South Carolina. The high school serves students in all of Jasper County and takes its name after the two major communities in the county, Ridgeland and Hardeeville.

The school was formed in 2012 following the consolidation of Hardeeville High School and Ridgeland High School as part of the JCSD's overall reorganization of schools.  RHHS utilizes the facilities of the former Ridgeland High School, whereas Hardeeville-Ridgeland Middle School utilizes the facilities of the former Hardeeville High School.
Mount Mikuni (Gifu)
Mount Mikuni (三国山, Mikuni-yama) is the name of three mountains in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. One of the mountains is on the border of Gifu and Aichi prefectures. Another mountain is on the border of Gifu and Nagano prefectures. The third mountain is located on the border of all three prefectures. All three mountains are included in this article.

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.
Superbus (transport)
The Superbus was a project lasting from 2006 to 2020 to create a prototype high speed electric coach-like limo car capable of carrying 23 passengers at speeds of up to 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) on specially designed segregated highway lanes. The Superbus project, which had been led by Dutch astronaut professor Wubbo Ockels of the Delft University of Technology until his death in 2014 envisaged a comfortable, demand-dependent door-to-door transportation rivaling the car and the train. The project, which encompassed infrastructure, logistics, safety, reliability and economic viability, in addition to the design of the vehicle itself, received funding of €10 million, largely provided by the Dutch State.

Cabinet of the Netherlands
The cabinet of the Netherlands (Dutch: Nederlands kabinet) is the main executive body of the Netherlands. The current cabinet of the Netherlands is the Jetten cabinet, which has been in office since 23 February 2026. It is headed by Prime Minister Rob Jetten.