hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guohan Hu
Guohan Hu is an electrical engineer specializing in magnetic storage and spintronics, and especially in the use of spin-transfer torque in magnetoresistive RAM, a type of non-volatile random-access memory. She works for IBM Research at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center as a distinguished research staff member and manager of the MRAM Materials and Devices group.

Hu has a Ph.D. from Cornell University, completed in 2002. She was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2022, "for contributions to Spin-Transfer-Torque MRAM materials and devices". She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2023, "for pioneering advancements in the development of materials and devices for spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory, resulting in breakthroughs that have significantly enhanced the performance, scalability, and reliability of next-generation non-volatile memory technologies".

Spintronics
Spintronics (a portmanteau of spin transport electronics), also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. The field of spintronics concerns spin-charge coupling in metallic systems. The analogous effects in insulators fall into the field of multiferroics.

Spintronics fundamentally differs from traditional electronics in that, in addition to charge state, electron spins are used as a further degree of freedom, with implications in the efficiency of data storage and transfer. Spintronic systems are most often realised in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and Heusler alloys and are of particular interest in the field of quantum computing, such as atomtronics computation.
Rashida Ferrand
Rashida Abbas Ferrand is a Pakistani physician and epidemiologist who is a professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Her research considers adolescent health and the development of interventions to improve outcomes for people living with HIV. She was awarded the 2018 Chalmers Medal, and elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2024.

HIV-positive people
HIV-positive people, seropositive people or people who live with HIV are people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus which if untreated may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 38.4 million people were infected with HIV at the end of 2021. That same year, some 1.5 million people became newly infected, and 650,000 died of AIDS-related causes, including 98,000 children. More than two-thirds of new HIV infections are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Michael McLean (footballer)
Michael "Magic" McLean (born 3 March 1965) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Footscray Football Club, Brisbane Bears and Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Queensland Australian Football League
The Queensland Australian Football League (QAFL /ˈkwɒfəl/ KWOF-əl or "Q-A-F-L") is an Australian rules football competition organised by the AFL Queensland, contested by  clubs from South East Queensland.

Founded in 1903 it was previously known as the Queensland Football League (QFL), Queensland Australian National Football League (QANFL), Queensland Australian Football League (QAFL) and AFL Queensland State League (AFLQSL), the QAFL is the premier semi-professional competition in Queensland.

Since its inception, more than fifty teams have played in the premiership competition. The premier division currently features thirteen teams from as far north from Noosa on the Sunshine Coast, throughout the Brisbane Metropolitan Area and as far south as Palm Beach on the Gold Coast near the New South Wales border. The league's headquarters is located in Brisbane.
Opiumregie
The Opiumregie (incorrectly translated as the Opium Regime), also known in some official international documentation as the Opium Monopoly of the Dutch East Indies, was a colonial state government agency of market intervention responsible for the management, distribution, importation, and production of opium, and the enforcement of laws related to opium, in the Dutch East Indies. In simplest terms, as a monopoly, the Opiumregie made and sold opium, but also made sure that no one else could sell opium in the Dutch East Indies. The Opiumregie was one of three government monopolies the Dutch government of the Netherlands held in the Dutch East Indies at this time, the other two being in the areas of salt and pawnbrokerage.

Enforcement
Enforcement is the proper execution of the process of ensuring compliance with laws, regulations, rules, standards, and social norms.

Governments attempt to effectuate successful implementation of policies by enforcing laws and regulations.
Enactment refers to application of a law or regulation, or carrying out of an executive or judicial order.
2018 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The 2018 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 9, 2018, and concluded with the championship game on March 23, 2018.

The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the "Elite Eight" and "Final Four" respectively, and National Championship game at the Sanford Pentagon in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

The Central Missouri Jennies defeated the Ashland Eagles, 66–52, to win the championship and end Ashland's 73-game winning streak.

Central Missouri Jennies basketball
The Central Missouri Jennies basketball team represents the University of Central Missouri in Warrensburg, Missouri, in the NCAA Division II women's basketball competition. The team is currently coached by Dave Slifer. The Jennies compete in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA). The team plays its home games in the Multipurpose Building on campus.
Vhulaudzi Secondary School
Vhulaudzi Secondary School is a school in Vhulaudzi, Limpopo, South Africa (near Louis Trichardt) covering grades eight through twelve.
The school was found in 1975 and was first named Mutshedzi Secondary School, the school and the district agreed to change the school to Vhulaudzi Secondary School in 1982.

Louis Trichardt
Louis Trichardt (formerly Tshirululuni and Trichardtsdorp, and Makhado from 2003 to 2014), informally shortened to LTT (/lʊɪstriː/), is a town in Limpopo, South Africa. It is at the foot of Hanglip, in the Soutpansberg mountain, and is the centre of the Makhado Local Municipality, which comprises 16,000 km2 with a population of 270,000 (2001). Louis Trichardt is located in a fertile region where litchis, bananas, mangoes and nuts are produced. The N1 national route runs through the town. Louis Trichardt is 437 kilometres from Johannesburg and 106 kilometres from the Zimbabwean border at Beitbridge. The town was the capital of the Rambulana Venda Kingdom until 1864. In the 21st century Louis Trichardt was known for a time as Makhado, but it was changed back to Louis Trichardt. Elim, Tshikota, and Madombidzha townships surround the town in all directions. Its common languages are Tshivenda, Xitsonga, Afrikaans and English.
Charles Paul de Kock
Charles Paul de Kock (May 21, 1793 in Passy, Paris – April 27, 1871 in Paris) was a French novelist. Although one of the most popular writers of his day in terms of book sales, he acquired a literary reputation for low-brow output in poor taste. In 2021 Brad Bigelow wrote: "Today, if we set aside over-priced print on demand reprints of his ancient editions, the works of Paul de Kock haven't seen a new English edition (or translation) in at least a century."

The Neglected Books Page
The Neglected Books Page is a book review website. The site features reviews of books that have been, according to the site, "neglected, overlooked, forgotten, or stranded by changing tides in critical or popular taste." The site was founded in 2006.
1999 Swisscom Challenge – Singles
Venus Williams defeated Martina Hingis in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 1999 European Indoor Championships.

Lindsay Davenport was the two-time reigning champion, but she did not compete this year.

Lindsay Davenport
Lindsay Ann Davenport Leach (born June 8, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 98 weeks (including as the year-end No. 1 four times), and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 32 weeks. Davenport won 55 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including three majors (the 1998 US Open, 1999 Wimbledon Championships, and 2000 Australian Open), the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and the 1999 Tour Finals. She also won 38 doubles titles, including three majors (the 1996 French Open, 1997 US Open, and the 1999 Wimbledon Championships) and three consecutive Tour Finals.

In 2005, TENNIS Magazine ranked Davenport as the 29th-greatest player (male or female) of the preceding 40 years. She amassed career-earnings of US$22,166,338; formerly first in the all-time rankings. Davenport was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2014.
The Pretenders (1698 play)
The Pretenders; Or, The Town Unmask'd is a 1698 comedy play by the English writer Thomas Dilke. It was first staged by Thomas Betterton's company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre with a cast that included John Thurmond as Lord Courtipell, Cave Underhill as  Sir Wealthy Plainder, Edward Kynaston as Sir Bellamour Blunt, John Bowman as Vainthroat, George Bright as Captain Bownceby, William Bowen as Nickycrack, Elizabeth Bowman as  Ophelia, Elinor Leigh as Sweetny, Abigail Lawson as Nibs and Elizabeth Willis as Doll.

Cave Underhill
Cave Underhill (1634–1710?) was an English actor in comedy roles.

Underhill entertained three generations of London theatre-goers. For over 40 years, as a member of the Duke's Company, Underhill played the first Gravedigger in Hamlet. He was also successful in playing Gregory in Romeo and Juliet, the clown in Twelfth Night, and Trinculo in The Tempest.
The Hot Shoe
The Hot Shoe is a 2004 documentary film which also reveals the history and development of card counting. Director David Layton interviewed current and former card counters, including members of the MIT Blackjack Team, casino employees and gambling authors, and combined it with behind-the-scenes footage of casino surveillance rooms and the MIT team preparing to hit the tables. Layton learned how to count cards and gambled with $5,000 of the film's budget as a "case study." The film reviews the mathematical aspects of card counting and key elements for winning blackjack.

Blackjack players interviewed for The Hot Shoe include:

Ian Andersen

Andy Bloch

Anthony Curtis

Peter Griffin

Tommy Hyland

Max Rubin

Ralph Stricker

Edward Thorp

Olaf Vancura

Stanford Wong

Peter A. Griffin
Peter A. Griffin (July 19, 1937 – October 18, 1998) was an American mathematician, author, and blackjack expert and is one of the original seven members of the Blackjack Hall of Fame. He authored The Theory of Blackjack, considered a classic analysis of the mathematics behind the game of casino 21.
Inconstant Star
Inconstant Star is a science fiction fix-up novel by American writer Poul Anderson. It is formed by the novellas Iron and Inconstant Star, first published in The Man-Kzin Wars (1988) and Man-Kzin Wars III (1990), respectively. The title is from the tumbling alien artifact that sends out radiation. Due to the tumbling effect, the output can only be seen briefly from a given point in space, looking like a star, but then disappearing as the artifact moves.

The title also references another Niven story, "Inconstant Moon", which is not part of the Known Space series. The novel is the story of Robert Saxtorph and his ship Rover, hired for peaceful missions, but which run into Kzinti at every turn.

Poul Anderson
Poul William Anderson (/ˈpoʊəl/ POH-əl; November 25, 1926 – July 31, 2001) was an American fantasy and science fiction author who was active from the 1940s until his death in 2001. Anderson also wrote historical novels. He won the Hugo Award seven times and the Nebula Award three times, and was nominated many more times for awards.
Henri-Chapelle
Henri-Chapelle (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi ʃapɛl]; Walloon: Hinri-Tchapele, Dutch: Hendrik-Kapelle, German: Heinrichskapelle, Limburgish: Kapäl) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Welkenraedt, located in the province of Liège,  Belgium.

It is located 17 kilometers south-west of the spa and border city of Aachen. Just 300 metres (1,000 ft) west of the town, near the water tower, is the highest point in the Herve plateau, at 354 metres (1,161 ft) above sea level.

Henri-Chapelle was its own municipality until January 1, 1977 when it was merged with Welkenraedt as part of the fusion of the Belgian municipalities. Its postal code is 4841.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Frontenac County, Quebec
Frontenac County was a county of Quebec, Canada. It existed between 1912 and the early 1980s. The territory it covered is today divided into the regional county municipalities of Le Granit in the administrative regions of the Estrie and Beauce-Sartigan in Chaudière-Appalaches. Its capital was the municipality of Lac-Mégantic.

The county was created in 1912 from parts of the counties of Compton and Beauce.

The county name comes from that of the governor of New France, Louis de Buade de Frontenac.

The county was formed in 19 townships. The townships in Compton County were Winslow, Whitton, Marston, Chesham and Clinton. The townships from Beauce County were Price, Lambton, Adstock, Aylmer, Forsyth, Woburn, Dorset, Gayhurst, Spalding, Ditchfield, Louise and Risborough as well as parts of Shenley and Marlow.

Le Granit Regional County Municipality
Le Granit (French pronunciation: [lə ɡʁanit], lit. 'The Granite') is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of eastern Quebec, Canada. Located directly south of Quebec City, it borders the region of Chaudière-Appalaches, as well as the US states of New Hampshire and Maine. It is named for its abundance of granite. Created in 1982, Le Granit's seat is Lac-Mégantic.
Mount Kichik Kirs
Mount Kichik Kirs (Azerbaijani: Kichik Kirs dağı — Mount Little Kirs) is one of the highest peaks in the Karabakh Range of the Lesser Caucasus in the south-east of the Shusha District of Azerbaijan at an altitude of 1,800 metres or 2,346 metres. The map displayed on the "Virtual Qarabağ" website shows the height of Kichik Kirs as 2346 metres.

Lesser Caucasus
The Lesser Caucasus or Lesser Caucasus Mountains, also called Caucasus Minor, is the second of the two main ranges of the Caucasus Mountains, of length about 600 km (370 mi). The western portion of the Lesser Caucasus overlaps and converges with east Turkey and northwest Iran. It runs parallel to the Greater Caucasus, at a distance averaging about 100 km (62 mi) south from the Likhi Range (Georgia), and limits east Turkey from the north and north-east. It is connected with the Pontic range and separated from it by the Kolkhida Lowland (Georgia) in the west and Kura-Aras Lowland (Azerbaijan) (by the Kura River) in the east.
Kerry–Mayo Gaelic football rivalry
The Kerry-Mayo rivalry is a Gaelic football rivalry between Irish county teams Kerry and Mayo, who first played each other in 1905. It is considered to be one of the biggest rivalries in Gaelic games. Kerry's home ground is Fitzgerald Stadium and Mayo's home ground is MacHale Park, however, all but one of their championship meetings have been held at neutral venues, usually Croke Park. The first championship meeting between the two counties to take place in either Kerry or Mayo was in 2019 when they played each other in Fitzgerald Stadium at the All-Ireland quarter-final group stage.

While Kerry have the highest number of Munster Senior Football Championship titles and Mayo are the standard bearers in Connacht, they have also enjoyed All-Ireland Senior Football Championship successes, having won 40 championship titles between them to date.

They have met 28 times with Kerry winning 19 times, Mayo winning 5 times, with 4 Draws

Fitzgerald Stadium
Fitzgerald Stadium (Irish: Staid a' Ghearaltaigh) is the principal GAA stadium in Killarney, Ireland, and is the home championship venue for the Kerry senior football team.

Named in honour of one of the first great players of the Gaelic Athletic Association, Dick Fitzgerald, Fitzgerald Stadium was officially opened on 31 May 1936 by Dr O'Brien, the then Bishop of Kerry, and J. M. Harty, Archbishop of Cashel.
Joe Gates
Joseph Daniel Gates (October 3, 1954 – March 28, 2010) was an American professional baseball player. He played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox.

His only extra base hit was a triple on May 13, 1979, against the Kansas City Royals. He had come on as a pinch hitter for Don Kessinger and stayed in the game and played second base. The pitcher for the Royals was Eduardo Rodriguez. The hit drove in Greg Pryor in the bottom of the 9th. The final score of the game was Royals 14, White Sox 5.

After his major league career, he entered the coaching ranks. He was the bench coach of the Gary SouthShore RailCats of the Northern League at the time of his death at age 55.

Gary SouthShore RailCats
The Gary SouthShore RailCats are a professional baseball team based in Gary, Indiana, in the United States. The RailCats are members of the American Association of Professional Baseball, an official Partner League of Major League Baseball. The RailCats started as a member of the Northern League in 2002, operating as a travel team for a season before moving in to U.S. Steel Yard in 2003, where they have played since. In 2011, the team became a member of the modern American Association.

During their time in the Northern League, the RailCats were the only team to ever reach the championship series five years in a row (2005–2009). The RailCats won Northern League championships in 2005 and 2007, and the American Association championship in 2013.
2004 Italian Open – Men's doubles
Mahesh Bhupathi and Max Mirnyi defeated defending champions Wayne Arthurs and Paul Hanley 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 in the final. It was the 34th title for Bhupathi and the 20th title for Mirnyi in their respective careers.

Paul Hanley (tennis)
Paul Jason Hanley (born 12 November 1977) is a retired professional male tennis player from Australia, specialising in doubles and owning 26 ATP titles in this discipline.

He made the 2005 Wimbledon and 2011 Australian Open finals in mixed doubles, playing with Tatiana Perebiynis and Chan Yung-jan respectively, falling short on both occasions.  His best results came alongside Wayne Arthurs and Kevin Ullyett, with whom Hanley formed long-term doubles partnerships. Hanley has an 8–4 win–loss record on the Australian Davis Cup Team.  The Australian's highest doubles ranking was World Number 5.  His parents, Jay and Judy, co-own a tennis centre, which is one of the main reasons why Hanley pursued a career in the sport.
Thomas Shardelow
Thomas Frederick Shardelow (11 November 1931 – 3 July 2019) was a South African cyclist. He competed at the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics. At the 1952 Olympics, he won silver medals in the 4,000 metres team pursuit and 2,000 metres tandem events.

Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's tandem
These are the official results of the Men's 2.000m Tandem Race at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, held from July 28 to July 31, 1952. There were fourteen couples participating in this competition.
Dandi Daley Mackall
Dandi Daley Mackall is an American author with around 500 of her works published for adults and children. Some of her works are the Winnie the Horse Gentler series and the Flipside Stories, The Silence of Murder, and With Love, Wherever You Are, a novel based on the stories and letters of her parents, Army doctor and Army nurse in World War II, as well as many others. She collaborated with Sigmund Brouwer and Melody Carlson to take part in creating the Degrees of Guilt series and then with Jeff Nesbit and Melody Carlson in the Degrees of Betrayal series. Other animal series include Backyard Horses, Starlight Animal Rescue, Bob the Horse, and I Can Read series.

Sigmund Brouwer
Sigmund Brouwer (born 1959) is a Canadian author of children's, young adult, and adult books. He has over 100 titles and four million books in print.

Brouwer's novel, Dead Man's Switch, won the Arthur Ellis Award in 2015 for Canada's best young adult mystery of the year. His adult novel, Thief of Glory, was Book of the Year for the Christy Awards and a winner of the Alberta Readers Choice Awards. The Last Disciple, co-authored by Hank Hanegraaf, was featured in Time magazine. His book Shock Wave won the 2025 Arthur Ellis Award.
Melaka Monorail
The Melaka Monorail was a monorail system in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia with 3 stations – Tun Ali, Hang Tuah and Hang Jebat.  Troubled since its inception in 2010, with services suspended between 2013 and 2017, the monorail has not been operational since the COVID-19 Malaysian movement control order in 2020.

Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.
Kholm Gate
The Kholm Gate (Russian: Холмские ворота, Belarusian: Холмская брама) is a gate of the citadel of Brest Fortress in Brest, Belarus. Originally built in the 19th century during Russian rule, as one of the four fortified gatehouses, leading into the Citadel of the Russian Brest Fortress. The exterior facade, facing the southern branch of the Mukhavets River, was designed in a classical style decorated with turrets and a medallion. The Kholm Gate was named after the town of Chełm, which was directly connected to the gate by a road, with Kholm being the East Slavic version of the town's name. In June 1941, Brest Fortress was the site of heavy fighting during the Defense of Brest Fortress, early into the German invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II. Kholm Gate's facade was badly damaged, but survived relatively intact compared to the rest of the fortress and is one of the two surviving gates, along with the Terespol Gate.

Turret (architecture)
In architecture, a turret is a small circular tower, usually notably smaller than the main structure, that projects outwards from a wall or corner of that structure. Turret also refers to the small towers built atop larger tower structures.