hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Specifier (psychology)
Specifiers are extensions to a diagnosis to further clarify a disorder or illness. They allow for a more specific diagnosis. They are used extensively in the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) primarily in the diagnosis of mood disorders. Specifiers are not mutually exclusive and more than one specifier may be applied on a patient.

Mutual exclusivity
In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur at the same time. A clear example is the set of outcomes of a single coin toss, which can result in either heads or tails, but not both.

In the coin-tossing example, both outcomes are, in theory, collectively exhaustive, which means that at least one of the outcomes must happen, so these two possibilities together exhaust all the possibilities. However, not all mutually exclusive events are collectively exhaustive. For example, the outcomes 1 and 4 of a single roll of a six-sided die are mutually exclusive (both cannot happen at the same time) but not collectively exhaustive (there are other possible outcomes; 2,3,5,6).
Chiara Teocchi
Chiara Teocchi (born 8 December 1996) is an Italian racing cyclist, who competes in the cyclo-cross, cross-country mountain biking and gravel disciplines. She competed in the women's cross-country event at the 2024 Summer Olympics, placing 11th. She is also a two-time European under-23 cyclo-cross champion. In 2022, she won the bronze medal at the inaugural UCI Gravel World Championships.

European Mountain Bike Championships
The European Mountain Bike Championships (EMBCs) are an annual mountain bike racing championship in Europe. They have been held since 1989, and on an annual basis since 1991. There have been 28 editions as of 2017.
Vi Institute of Technology
Vi Institute of Technology (Tamil: வி தொழில்நுட்பக் கல்லூரி) is an engineering college in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India. The college is affiliated with Anna University, Chennai and has been approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

Anna University
Anna University is a public state university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The main campus is in Guindy. It was originally established on 4 September 1978 and is named after C. N. Annadurai, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
Bhalobasa Bhalobasa (2008 film)
Bhalobasa Bhalobasa (translation: Love Love) is a 2008 Bengali film by Rabi Kinagi. The film stars Hiran Chatterjee and Srabanti Chatterjee. This film is the remake of the Telugu film Bommarillu directed and co-written by Bhaskar, starring Siddharth, 
Genelia D'Souza and Prakash Raj. The film primarily revolves around a father and son relationship with the father's dote on his son, leaving a bitter taste with the latter.

After five-week running success prompted producer Ashok Dhanuka added one more song "Bol Raja Chai Kemon Rani" to the film after shooting it right after Kali Puja.

Kali Puja
Kali Puja (ISO: Kālī Pūjā), also known as Shyama Puja or Mahanisha Puja, is a festival originating from the Indian subcontinent, dedicated to the Hindu goddess Kali. It is celebrated on the new moon day (Dipannita Amavasya) of the Hindu calendar month of Ashwayuja (according to the amanta tradition) or Kartika (according to the purnimanta tradition). The festival is especially popular in the regions of Barasat, Naihati, Kolkata, Basirhat and Tamluk in West Bengal, Bhagalpur in Bihar's Anga, and other places like 
Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, and Tripura. Along with the neighbouring country of Bangladesh.
Air stagnation
Air stagnation is a meteorological condition that occurs when there is a lack of atmospheric movement, leading to the accumulation of pollutants and particles that can decline the air quality in a particular region. This condition typically correlates with air pollution and poor air quality due to the possible health risks it can cause to humans and the environment. Due to light winds and lack of precipitation, pollutants cannot be cleared from the air, either gaseous (such as ozone) or particulate (such as soot or dust).

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Eugenia Gertsyk
Eugenia Gertsyk (Russian: Евге́ния Казими́ровна Ге́рцык, 30 September 1878 O.S./12 October 1878 (N. S.)–20 January 1944) was a noted Russian translator and literary figure from the Silver Age. Since the demise of the USSR, she has become noted for her memoirs and extensive letter correspondence, which provides a unique glimpse into the interwar years of Russia's past.

Silver Age of Russian Poetry
Silver Age (Сере́бряный век) is a term traditionally applied by Russian philologists to the last decade of the 19th century and first two or three decades of the 20th century. It was an exceptionally creative period in the history of Russian poetry, on par with the Golden Age a century earlier. The term Silver Age was first suggested by philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev, but it only became customary to refer thus to this era in literature in the 1960s. In the Western world other terms, including Fin de siècle and Belle Époque, are somewhat more popular. In contrast to the Golden Age, female poets and writers influenced the movement considerably, and the Silver Age is considered to be the beginning of the formal academic and social acceptance of women writers into the Russian literary sphere.
Beacon Field Airport
Beacon Field Airport was an airport located in the Groveton area of Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, from the 1920s until its closure in 1959. One of the nation's earliest private airports, and particularly in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area, it received its name because it was the location of an airway beacon used to guide early airmail pilots. It later became a popular training site, complete with FBO, for pilots learning to fly after World War II on the G.I. Bill.

The site, originally an antebellum estate called City View, is now the location of a shopping center.

Groveton, Virginia
Groveton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 14,598 at the 2010 census, down from 21,296 in 2000 due to a reduction in area. Located south of the city of Alexandria, it encompasses numerous neighborhoods including Groveton, Bucknell Manor, Stoneybrooke, and portions of Hollin Hills. Huntley Meadows Park, Fairfax County's largest park, is located in the southwest part of the CDP.
Castle Peak (Washington)
Castle Peak is a prominent 8,343-foot (2,543-metre) mountain summit located in the Hozameen Range of the North Cascades, on the shared border between Okanogan County and Whatcom County of Washington state. The mountain is situated one mile (1.6 km) south of the Canada–United States border, on the Cascade crest, in the Pasayten Wilderness, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher peak is Jack Mountain, 14.8 miles (23.8 km) to the south-southwest. Castle Peak is the second highest summit of the Hozameen Range following Jack Mountain. Castle Peak is the sixth-highest mountain in the Pasayten Wilderness. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains east into Castle Creek, a tributary of the Similkameen River, or west into tributaries of the Skagit River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises nearly 3,000 feet (914 meters) above Crow Creek in 0.75 mile (1.2 km).

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Kunakbayevo
Kunakbayevo (Russian: Кунакбаево; Bashkir: Ҡунаҡбай, Qunaqbay) is a rural locality (a village) in Yermolayevsky Selsoviet, Kuyurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 108 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Kuyurgazinsky District
Kuyurgazinsky District (Russian: Куюрга́зинский райо́н; Bashkir: Көйөргәҙе районы, Köyörgäźe rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders with Fyodorovsky and Meleuzovsky Districts in the north, Kugarchinsky District in the east, and with Orenburg Oblast in the east, south, and west. The area of the district is 2,235 square kilometers (863 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yermolayevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,125, with the population of Yermolayevo accounting for 25.5% of that number.
Beloeil train disaster
The Beloeil train disaster occurred on June 29, 1864, at the present-day town of Beloeil, Quebec. A passenger train fell through an open swing bridge into the Richelieu River after the crew failed to obey a stop signal. The widely accepted death toll is 99 people.
The disaster remains the worst railway accident in Canadian history.

Lévis
Lévis (French pronunciation: [levi] ⓘ) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada, located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City. A ferry links Old Quebec with Old Lévis, and two bridges, the Quebec Bridge and the Pierre-Laporte Bridge, connect western Lévis with Quebec City.

The population in 2021 was 149,683. Its current incarnation was founded on January 1, 2002, as the result of a merger among ten cities, including the older city of Lévis founded in 1861.

Lévis is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Lévis. Its geographical code is 25 as a census division, and 251 as an RCM-equivalent territory.
Marshall Roberts Collection
The Art Collection of Marshall Owen Roberts was a collection of sculptures, antiques and paintings owned by New York industrialist Marshall Owen Roberts. The collection, which featured many prominent American artists and works, including Emanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware, remained intact following his 1880 death until it was auctioned off in 1897.

Richard Caton Woodville
Richard Caton Woodville (30 April 1825 – 13 August 1855) was an American artist from Baltimore who spent his professional career in Europe, after studying in Düsseldorf under the direction of Karl Ferdinand Sohn.
He died of an overdose of morphine in London at the age of 30. He was the father of Richard Caton Woodville Jr., also a noted artist. In his short career he produced fewer than 20 paintings; but they were well known in their time through exhibition and prints and have remained prominent in the canon of American painters.
Ōhata
Ōhata, Ohata or Oohata (written: 大畑 or 大畠) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ayumu Ōhata (born 2001), Japanese footballer

Akihiro Ohata (大畠 章宏, born 1947), Japanese politician

Allan M. Ohata (1918–1977), United States Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient

Daisuke Ohata (大畑 大介, born 1975), Japanese rugby union player

Koichi Ohata (大畑 晃一, born 1962), Japanese anime mecha designer, storyboard artist and director

Mariana Ohata (born 1978), Brazilian triathlete

Masanobu Ohata (大畑 政修, born 1947), Japanese sport shooter

Misaki Ohata (大畠 美咲, born 1989), Japanese professional wrestler

Takahiro Ohata (大畑 孝広, born 1957), Japanese handball player

Takuya Ohata (大畑 拓也, born 1990), Japanese footballer

Koichi Ohata
Koichi Ohata (大畑 晃一, Ōhata Kōichi; born July 26, 1962) is a Japanese anime mecha designer, storyboard artist, and director. He worked on anime such as Cybernetics Guardian,  M.D. Geist, Genocyber, and Gunbuster.
Jeff Behrman
Jeff Behrman (born c. 1973) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Bucknell University, a position he has held since 2026. He was the head football coach for Union College from 2016 to 2022 and John Carroll University from 2023 to 2025. He also coached for Clarion, Glenville State, Blackburn, Trinity (CT), Hofstra, and Stony Brook. He played college football for John Carroll as a quarterback.

Bucknell University
Bucknell University is a private liberal-arts college in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1846 as the University at Lewisburg, it now consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, the Freeman College of Management, and the College of Engineering. It offers 65 majors and 70 minors in the sciences and humanities. Located just south of Lewisburg, the 445-acre (1.80 km2) campus rises above the West Branch of the Susquehanna River.

Approximately 3,900 undergraduate students and 50 graduate students attend Bucknell. It is a member of the Patriot League in NCAA Division I athletics. Its athletic teams are the Bucknell Bison and its mascot is Bucky the Bison.
Al Massrieen
Al Massrieen (Arabic: المصريين, lit. 'Egyptians') was an Egyptian pop band active during the 1970s and 1980s. Their work, mainly released on cassette tapes, was compiled by the German record label Jakarta Records/Habibi Funk on the album Modern Music (2017).

The band's founder, Hany Shenoda, was reportedly advised by writer Naguib Mahfouz to give his production a modern sound. Al Massrieen drew its influences from disco, psychedelic rock, and jazz, ranging from the disco of the song "Sah", to the psychedelic rock of "Horreya", and to jazz pop in songs like "Edba Men Gedeed". Despite its versatility, the band remained unknown outside of Egypt, likely due to the fact that their releases were never recorded on vinyl.

Cassette (format)
A cassette is a small plastic unit containing a length of magnetic tape on two reels. The design was created to replicate the way a reel-to-reel machine works with tape moving from one reel to another while being read by a tape head. The design was first made for audio formats but then expanded into video and data storage.

As of 2025, although the cassette format is no longer used for video or data storage, it is still used as an audio format with many consumers still purchasing new album releases on cassette.
Happy Times Will Come Soon
Happy Times Will Come Soon (Italian: I tempi felici verranno presto) is a 2016 Italian drama film directed by Alessandro Comodin. It was screened in the Critics' Week section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.

2016 Cannes Film Festival
The 69th Cannes Film Festival took place from 11 to 22 May 2016. Australian filmmaker George Miller was the president of the jury for the main competition. British filmmaker Ken Loach won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for a second time with the drama film I, Daniel Blake. At a press conference, Loach said that he was "quietly stunned" to win.

The official poster pays homage to Jean-Luc Godard's Contempt (1963), featuring a still of Michel Piccoli ascending the Casa Malaparte. French actor Laurent Lafitte was the host for the opening and closing ceremonies.

The festival opened with Café Society by Woody Allen.
Grix
Grix is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Francis Le Grix White (1819–1887), British vicar and geologist

Scott Grix (born 1984), Irish rugby league footballer

Simon Grix (born 1985), Irish rugby league footballer

Simon Grix
Simon Grix (born 28 September 1985) is a professional rugby league coach who is an assistant coach for Hull F.C. in the Super League and a former professional rugby league footballer.

He is a former Ireland international rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward for Halifax in the Championship and was the team's manager from May 2019 to Oct 2023. He served as Hull FC's interim coach in the 2024 Super League season.
TCDD E14000
TCDD E14000 were electric multiple units produced by TÜVASAŞ under license from Alstom for the Turkish State Railways.
75 units entered service in 1979, operating on the Haydarpaşa–Gebze and Sirkeci–Halkalı suburban lines in Istanbul.

The trains were also used between 1979 and 2010 on the Sincan–Kayaş suburban line in Ankara (today known as Başkentray).

The units were withdrawn from service in 2013, when the old suburban lines were closed for renewal under the Marmaray project, as they had become heavily worn in their final years.

Of the series, units E14010 and E14025 were overhauled in 2019 and are currently used as regional trains between Eskişehir and Kütahya.

Marmaray
Marmaray (pronounced [ˈmaɾmaɾaj] ⓘ) is a 76.6-kilometre-long (47.6 mi) commuter rail line located in Istanbul, Turkey. The line runs from Halkalı, on the European side, to Gebze, on the Asian side, along the north shore of the Sea of Marmara. Mostly using the right-of-way of two existing commuter rail lines, the Marmaray line linked the two lines via a tunnel under the Bosporus strait, becoming the first standard gauge rail connection between Europe and Asia (all prior connections ran through Russia and used the incompatible Russian broad gauge). The two existing sections of the line were rebuilt and expanded from two tracks to three tracks, to allow for higher capacity with intercity and freight rail. The name Marmaray is a portmanteau of the words Marmara and Ray, which is Turkish for rail.
Gabriel Sabourin
Gabriel Sabourin is a Canadian actor and screenwriter from Quebec. He is most noted for the 2017 film It's the Heart That Dies Last (C'est le cœur qui meurt en dernier), for which he received Canadian Screen Award nominations for Best Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards.

He is the son of actor Marcel Sabourin, and a graduate of the National Theatre School of Canada.

National Theatre School of Canada
The National Theatre School of Canada (NTS, French: École nationale de théâtre du Canada) is a private institution of professional theatre studies in Montreal, Quebec. Established in 1960, the NTS receives its principal funding from grants awarded by the Government of Canada and cultural ministries in each province, with added financial support from private and corporate donors. It offers training to actors, directors, playwrights, set and costume designers and production specialists to work in the professional theatre industry.
Arber Xhekaj
Arber Xhekaj (Albanian: Arbër Xhekaj, pronounced /dʒækaɪ/, jak-EYE, born January 30, 2001) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for  the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). Originally undrafted by teams in the NHL, he signed as an unrestricted free agent with Montreal in October 2021.

Restricted free agent
A restricted free agent (RFA) is a type of free agent in some sports leagues, such as the National Football League (NFL), National Hockey League (NHL), and National Basketball Association (NBA).  Such players have special restrictions on the terms under which they can retain or change employment status with their athletic club teams.

RFA status is often tied to receiving a qualifying offer (i.e., an offer for a new contract with a certain minimum salary) from their most recent team. Qualifying offers are also used in Major League Baseball, but do not restrict free agency; extending such an offer merely ensures that the team will get a compensatory draft pick if the player signs with another team.
Margaret Evans (1846)
The Margaret Evans was a full rigged packet ship laid down by Westervelt & MacKay. She was a regular fixture of the mid-19th century transatlantic packet trade, sailing passengers and cargo to New York from London, Liverpool and other British ports under the command of American Captain Edward Greenfield Tinker. She ferried scores of immigrants to North America, including the future wife of American businessman Warren L. Wheaton and members of the Putnam family. Her notoriety led to her memorialization in literature, visual art and song, and she is the subject of a well-known sea shanty, "Eliza Lee," which has been recorded by English folk singer Johnny Collins and Canadian folk-punk band The Dreadnoughts.

Transatlantic crossing
Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America.  Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and lasting transatlantic trade route was established in 1566 with the Spanish West Indies fleets, following the voyages of Christopher Columbus.
IEI
IEI may mean:

Idiopathic environmental intolerance, also known as multiple chemical sensitivity

Inborn errors of immunity, genetic mutations that cause an increased susceptibility to disease

Intensive English Institute, at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Institut d'échanges interculturels

Institute for Emerging Issues

Institution of Engineers (India)

Institution of Engineers of Ireland

Intuitive Ethical Introvert, in socionics theory

Iran Electronics Industries

Institution of Engineers (India)
The Institution of Engineers (India), the IEI, is a national organization for engineers in India. It is the world's largest multi-disciplinary engineering professional society. It has more than one million members in 15 engineering disciplines. The institution was established in 1920 in Kolkata, West Bengal, and was incorporated by royal charter in 1935. It is currently headquartered at 8 Gokhale Road, Kolkata.
Mkrtchyan
Mkrtchyan or Mkrtchian (Armenian: Մկրտչյան, pronounced [məkəɾtˈtʃʰjɑn]) is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aghvan Mkrtchyan (born 1981), Armenian football defender

Armen Mkrtchyan (born 1973), Armenian wrestler

Arthur Mkrtchyan (born 1973), retired Armenian football defender

Artur Mkrtchyan (1959–1992), the First Chairman of Supreme Council of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

Karlen Mkrtchyan (born 1988), Armenian football midfielder

Levon Mkrtchyan (born 1953), Armenian director known for documentaries

Lilit Mkrtchian (born 1982), Armenian grandmaster and four-time Armenian Women's champion

Lilit Mkrtchyan (shooter)

Frunzik (Mher) Mkrtchyan (1930–1993), Soviet Armenian actor, named a People's Artist of the Soviet Union in 1984

Samvel Mkrtchyan (1959–2014), Armenian translator, editor and writer

Susanna Mkrtchyan (born 1949), Armenian professor and founder of Wikimedia Armenia

Lilit Mkrtchian
Lilit Mkrtchian or Lilit Mkrtchyan (Armenian: Լիլիթ Մկրտչյան; born 9 August 1982) is an Armenian chess player. She holds the titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM), which FIDE awarded her in 2003 and 1998 respectively. Mkrtchian is a four-time Armenian women's chess champion.