hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Persian grammar
The grammar of the Persian language is similar to that of many other Indo-European languages. The language became a more analytic language around the time of Middle Persian, with fewer cases and discarding grammatical gender. The innovations remain in Modern Persian, which is one of the few Indo-European languages to lack grammatical gender, even in pronouns.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Karol Tarło
Karol Tarło (1639–1702) was voivode of the Lublin Voivodeship (voivodeship of the past Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, today Lublin Voivodeship but of the Third Polish Rzeczpospolita) in the years 1685–1689 as well as a Vice-Chancellor of the Crown in the years 1639-1702 and Grand Chancellor of the Crown in 1702.

His father was Peter Alexander Tarło, castellan of Lublin, and his mother was Jadwiga Lanckorońska (before 1674). His son was Adam Tarło Peter (d. 1719), Crown Stolnik (stolnik królewski),  voivode and starosta of Lubin and Janow. He had three daughters, Jagwiga Tarło, wife of castellan of Radom Jan Kazimierz Lanckoroński, Teresa Magdalena Tarło, and Dorota Tarło.

Starosta
Starosta /ˈstɑːrɒstə/ or starost (Cyrillic: старост/а, Latin: capitaneus, German: Starost, Hauptmann) is a community elder in some Slavic lands.

The Slavic root of "starost" translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages, it has designated an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In reference to a municipality, a starosta was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to a county sheriff or seneschal, and analogous to a gubernator. In Poland, a starosta administered a crown land district called starostwo.

In the early Middle Ages, a starosta could head a settled urban or rural community or other community, as in the case of a church starosta or an artel starosta. A starosta also functioned as a master of ceremonies.
Arkhale, Gulmi
Gulmi Arkhale  is a business center in Resunga Municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal. The district, with Tamghas as its headquarters, at the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 6196 people residing in arkhale 1165 individual households.

Gulmi District
28°4′N 83°15′E﻿ / ﻿28.067°N 83.250°E﻿ / 28.067; 83.250

Gulmi District (Nepali: गुल्मी जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Tamghas as its headquarters, covers an area of 1,149 km2 (444 sq mi), had a population of 296,654 in 2001, 280,160 in 2011 and 268,597 in 2016.
Harlan–Lincoln House
The Harlan–Lincoln House is a historic structure located on the Iowa Wesleyan College campus in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, United States.  It is now a museum that houses memorabilia from the families of Senator James Harlan and President Abraham Lincoln, who are associated with the house.

Mount Pleasant, Iowa
Mount Pleasant is a city in and the county seat of Henry County in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 9,274 in the 2020 census, an increase from 8,668 in the 2010 census. It was founded in 1835 by pioneer Presley Saunders.
Kappa, Illinois
Kappa is a village in Woodford County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Kappa had a population of 229. It is part of the Peoria, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Kappa sits on the north side of the Mackinaw River. Approximately five miles to the southeast is Lake Bloomington, while five miles to the southwest is Evergreen Lake.

Lake Bloomington
Lake Bloomington is located near Hudson, Illinois, United States. Lake Bloomington is a man-made lake, the original purpose of constructing the lake was to supply Bloomington-Normal with a reliable, primary source of water. Lake Bloomington is fed by Money Creek, whose water source is mostly field runoff from around the Towanda area. There was a need for this water supply, extensive research and construction resulted in the project costing more than the expected amount. The lake has 635 acres (257 ha) and 18.5 miles (29.8 km) of shoreline. The average depth of the lake is 14.5 feet (4.4 m).
Adrian Lux
Prinz Adrian Johannes Hynne, better known as Adrian Lux (born 1 May 1986), is a Swedish disc jockey and music producer. His biggest chart success is "Teenage Crime". Adrian Lux released his debut album on the 3rd of April, 2012. The self-titled album contains 12 tracks, including his previous singles "Teenage Crime", "Alive", "Fire" and "Burning", as well as a bonus track "Leave the World Behind". The album features several artists including Dante, Joakim Berg, And Then, Rebecca & Fiona, The Good Natured, and Lune.

His music has been showcased and remixed by several prominent DJs such as Avicii, Style of Eye, Philgood, Ali Payami, Marcus Schössow and Axwell. Lux has himself done remixes for Lana Del Rey, Deborah Cox, Basement Jaxx, Salem Al Fakir and Oskar Linnros.

On January 21, 2014, Adrian Lux and Cash Cash released a collaboration called “Bullet” on SoundCloud as a free download.

Sarah Louise McIntosh
Sarah Louise McIntosh, formerly known as Sazzie, is an English synthpop solo act. Before going solo, McIntosh (born January 1991 in Highclere, Hampshire) was the keyboardist and lead singer/songwriter in the band The Good Natured with her brother Hamish McIntosh on bass and George Hinton (a university acquaintance) on drums. In between these projects, Sarah and her brother were known as Lovestarrs, and some Lovestarrs material has since been reissued under Sarah's name.
Waiting for Love (Avicii song)
"Waiting for Love" is a song by music producer Avicii with uncredited vocals by Cherry Ghost singer Simon Aldred. The track was released on 22 May 2015 as the lead single from Avicii's second studio album, Stories (2015). The lyrics were also co-written by Aldred.

Headhunterz
Willem Rebergen (born 12 September 1985), better known by his stage name Headhunterz, is a Dutch DJ and music producer. Rebergen is also a voice actor. He has done dubbing for several films and TV series. He started his career in 2005 working on hardstyle music.

Headhunterz has performed at Qlimax, Defqon.1, Q-Base, In Qontrol, Decibel, Hard Bass, Electric Daisy Carnival and Tomorrowland.

He released his work on Scantraxx through his own sub-label, Scantraxx Reloaded, but in 2013 he started his own record label, HARD with STYLE. He signed with the North American electronic dance label Ultra Music in 2013 and left his own label in 2015. Since June 2017, he officially returned to the hardstyle community at the closing ceremony of Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2017.

In 2018, Headhunterz and fellow DJ Wildstylez started a new hardstyle label called Art of Creation.
Andrew Kidd
Andrew Kidd Hon. FRSL, is a British publisher, who has served as the CEO of the Arvon Foundation since 2019. He co-founded the Folio Prize in 2014, and serves as its chair. In 2023, he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

By 2002, Kidd was serving as the editorial director of Penguin Books, and a publisher for Picador, before being promoted to head Macmillan Publishers by 2006. By 2008, he was appointed managing director of Aitken Alexander Associates. In 2014, Kidd left Aitken Alexander Associates, and co-founded the digital reading platform Alexi Books.

In 2015, the Evening Standard named Kidd on the Progress 1000, a list of London's most influential people. As of 2019, Kidd has published works by authors John Updike, Matthew Kneale, Deborah Eisenberg, Jonathan Safran Foer, Edward St Aubyn, Ann Duffy, Jim Crace, Bret Easton Ellis, Jackie Kay, Alan Hollinghurst, Cormac McCarthy, and John Banville.

Alan Hollinghurst
Sir Alan James Hollinghurst (born 26 May 1954) is an English novelist, poet, short story writer and translator. He won the 1989 Somerset Maugham Award and the 1994 James Tait Black Memorial Prize. In 2004, he won the Booker Prize for his novel The Line of Beauty. Hollinghurst is credited with having helped gay-themed fiction to break into the literary mainstream through his seven novels since 1988.
Azhagiya Asura
Azhagiya Asura (transl. Beautiful Demon) is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Nagu. The film stars Yogi, Regina Cassandra and Nanditha Jennifer, while Krishna, Krish, Sampath Raj, and Vaiyapuri play supporting roles. Featuring music composed by Brahma, the film was released on 22 December 2006. The film's title was taken from a song from Whistle (2003).

Nanditha Jennifer
Nanditha Jennifer is an Indian actress and choreographer who has appeared in the Tamil film industry. The actress won critical acclaim for her performance in Eera Nilam (2003) and later appeared in other Tamil and Telugu language films.
1982 US Open – Women's doubles
Kathy Jordan and Anne Smith were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Bettina Bunge and Claudia Kohde-Kilsch.

Rosemary Casals and Wendy Turnbull, who lost the final of the preceding year, won this year's final 6–4, 6–4 against Barbara Potter and Sharon Walsh.

Barbara Potter
Barbara Potter (born October 22, 1961) is a former tennis player from the United States, who competed professionally on the WTA Tour between 1978 and 1989, winning six singles titles and 19 doubles titles. Her highest singles ranking was No. 7 in December 1982.
Les Achards
Les Achards (French pronunciation: [le.z‿aʃaʁ]) is a commune in the department of Vendée, western France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of La Mothe-Achard (the seat) and La Chapelle-Achard.

Vendée
Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃de] ⓘ) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon.
Mr. Joe White Avenue
Mr. Joe White Avenue is a boulevard in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, named for "Mr. Joe", a shoeshine man in Georgetown County, South Carolina, and later Myrtle Beach. Along with U.S. Route 501, Farrow Parkway, Harrelson Boulevard and 21st Avenue North, the upgraded road is one of five major entrances into Myrtle Beach.

Horry County, South Carolina
Horry County (/ˈɒriː/ OR-ree, silent "h" like its namesake Peter Horry) is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 351,029. It is the fourth-most populous county in South Carolina. The county seat is Conway. Horry County is the central county in the Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Pee Dee region of South Carolina, about 90 miles (140 km) north of Charleston, and about 130 miles (210 km) east of the state capital, Columbia.
Germany's Next Topmodel season 2
The second season of Germany's Next Topmodel aired on German television network ProSieben from 1 March 2007 to 31 May 2007.

The winner of the show was 20-year-old Barbara Meier from Amberg. Her prizes include:

A contract with IMG Models in Paris.

A contract with ProSiebenSat.1 Media

A cover and spread in the German edition of Cosmopolitan.

An advertising campaign for C&A worth €250,000.

An Opel Tigra Twin Top

The international destinations for this season were set in St. Moritz, Cape Town, Bangkok and Los Angeles.

Opel Tigra
The Opel Tigra name has been applied to two different cars engineered and produced by the German automaker Opel, both based on different iterations of the Corsa supermini, the first built in Spain, the second in France. The first Tigra was a small 2+2 coupé, produced from 1994 to 2000. The later compact hard topped convertible roadster model was introduced in May 2004.

The Tigra was sold in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Tigra, in Australia as the Holden Tigra, and in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico as the Chevrolet Tigra.
PrfA thermoregulator UTR
The PrfA thermoregulator UTR is an RNA thermometer found in the 5' UTR of the prfA gene. In Listeria monocytogenes, virulence genes are maximally expressed at 37 °C (human body temperature) but are almost silent at 30 °C. The genes are controlled by PrfA, a transcriptional activator whose expression is thermoregulated. It has been shown that the untranslated mRNA (UTR) preceding prfA, forms a secondary structure, which masks the ribosome binding region. It is thought that at 37 °C, the hairpin structure 'melts' and the SD sequence is unmasked.

Stem-loop
Stem-loops are nucleic acid secondary structural elements which form via intramolecular base pairing in single-stranded DNA or RNA. They are also referred to as hairpins or hairpin loops. A stem-loop occurs when two regions of the same nucleic acid strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence, base-pair to form a double helix that ends in a loop of unpaired nucleotides.

Stem-loops are most commonly found in RNA, and are a key building block of many RNA secondary structures. Stem-loops can direct RNA folding, protect structural stability for messenger RNA (mRNA), provide recognition sites for RNA binding proteins, and serve as a substrate for enzymatic reactions.
Murray Todd
Murray Todd is an Australian Paralympic athletics competitor.

He was from South Australia. At the 1976 Toronto Games, he competed in three athletics throwing events and won a silver medal in the Men's Shot Put 2. At the 1980 Arnhem Games, he competed in two athletics throwing events and won the gold medal in the Men's Shot Put 2.

1976 Summer Paralympics
The 1976 Summer Paralympics (French: Jeux paralympiques d'été de 1976), branded as Torontolympiad – 1976 Olympiad for the Physically Disabled, was the fifth Paralympic Games to be held. They were hosted by Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from 3 to 11 August 1976, marking the first time a Paralympics was held in the Americas and in Canada. The games began two days after the close of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Green River Knob
Green River Knob is the tallest point in the Knobs region of Kentucky, United States, with an elevation of 1,789 feet. It is also the highest point in Kentucky outside the Eastern Coalfield. It is located at the border of Casey and Pulaski Counties. Green River Knob can be seen from a long distance, with Pilot Knob in Powell County and Indian Fort Mountain near Berea, Kentucky providing the best views.

Powell County, Kentucky
Powell County is a county located in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,129. Its county seat is Stanton. The county was formed January 7, 1852, by Kentucky Governor Lazarus W. Powell from parts of Clark, Estill, and Montgomery counties. It is no longer a dry county as of 2018. Powell County is home to Natural Bridge State Resort Park and the Red River Gorge Geologic Area, two of Kentucky's most important natural areas and ecotourism destinations, as well as the Pilot Knob State Nature Preserve.
Reduced derivative
In mathematics, the reduced derivative is a generalization of the notion of derivative that is well-suited to the study of functions of bounded variation.  Although functions of bounded variation have derivatives in the sense of Radon measures, it is desirable to have a derivative that takes values in the same space as the functions themselves.  Although the precise definition of the reduced derivative is quite involved, its key properties are quite easy to remember:

it is a multiple of the usual derivative wherever it exists;

at jump points, it is a multiple of the jump vector.

The notion of reduced derivative appears to have been introduced by Alexander Mielke and Florian Theil in 2004.

Alexander Mielke
Alexander Mielke (born 14 September 1958.) is a German mathematician working in the areas of nonlinear partial differential equations and applied analysis. He is a professor of applied analysis at the Humboldt University of Berlin and heads the research group on partial differential equations at the Weierstrass Institute
Bączkowski and Others v. Poland
Bączkowski and Others v. Poland was a European Court of Human Rights case which ruled unanimously that the banning of an LGBT pride parade in Warsaw, locally known as the Parada Równości (equality parade), in 2005 was in violation of Articles 11, 13 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights
Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights contains a prohibition on discrimination, specifically in the enjoyment of other rights set forth in the Convention. The Article states the following:

The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in [the] Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
John Kumleben
John Michael Kumleben (26 May 1933 – 21 June 2014) was a South African cricketer who played first-class cricket for Oxford University and Orange Free State between 1956 and 1961.

John Kumleben attended Michaelhouse and the University of Cape Town before going on to University College, Oxford, where he studied law. He won a hockey blue at Oxford, but although he played several matches for the university cricket team he did not win a cricket blue. His highest score was 100, made out of a team total of 196, after Oxford followed on against Yorkshire in 1957; he and Christopher Melville added 76 in 50 minutes for the last wicket but were unable to avert an innings defeat.

Kumleben became a solicitor after he returned to South Africa in 1957. He played regularly for Orange Free State for four seasons, with a highest score of 51 against Eastern Province in 1959–60, again after a follow-on, this time successfully averting an innings defeat, but not a nine-wicket loss.

Free State cricket team
Free State (formerly Orange Free State) is the first-class cricket team representing the province of Free State (known as Orange Free State until 1995) in South Africa. For the purposes of the SuperSport Series, Free State merged with Griqualand West and formed the Eagles cricket team franchise. The team was called Orange Free State from January 1904 to April 1995; it has been part of the Eagles from October 2004.
Jessica Cruz
Jessica Cruz, one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Geoff Johns and Ethan Van Sciver, she is a member of the Green Lantern Corps and Justice League, as well as the first female human Green Lantern. Her first full appearance takes place in Justice League (vol. 2) #31 (August 2014), which is also her first cover appearance. Cruz currently operates out of Portland, Oregon.

Jessica Cruz has appeared in various media outside comics, including television and films. Myrna Velasco, Cristina Milizia, Dascha Polanco, Jeannie Tirado, and Diane Guerrero have voiced the character in animation

Ethan Van Sciver
Ethan Daniel Van Sciver (/vænˈskaɪvər/; born September 3, 1974) is an American comics artist. He has done interior and cover art for a number of superhero titles, primarily for DC Comics, including Green Lantern and The Flash: Rebirth, as well as New X-Men for Marvel Comics.

In the late 2010s, his "ComicArtistPro Secrets" channel on YouTube focused on right-wing social commentary, through which he became a central figure in Comicsgate.
Vattapara accident zone
Vattapara Hairpin Turn  also known as (Vattapara accident zone) is a road and place along the Indian National Highway 66 near Valanchery, Malappuram District, Kerala, India, that is known for a high number of accidents. Over a five-year period there were 300 accidents, 200 injuries, and 30 deaths.

Puthanathani
Puthanathani is a town in Malappuram district in the state of Kerala, India.. The town lies on the National Highway 66 (India), between Kottakkal and Valanchery. Roads to Vailathur (and hence Tirur) and Thirunavaya also can be seen in Puthanathani.
Yuka Kharisma
Yuka Kharisma is an Indonesian singer-songwriter based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

She was a semi-finalist of the fifth season of Indonesian Idol. In 2016, she won the Best New Female Artist Award of the 15th Anugerah Planet Muzik. In year 2018, Yuka Kharisma launched her first album called YUKA #1 and it is world premiered on her Concert on April 28 along with Bunga Citra Lestari (BCL) and Anuar Zain at Plenary Hall KLCC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

In 2021, Yuka made a comeback with a new song called Melihatmu Bahagia, which is composed and song writing by herself.

She will become supporting actress in her filmography debut, The Experts directed by Andre Chiew and Nazim Shah.

Kuala Lumpur City Centre
Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC) is a multipurpose development area in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Located in the heart of Malaysia, KLCC refers to the area within and surrounding the KLCC Park but the term has also been widely used by buildings nearby to the vicinity.

Designed to be a city within a city, the 100-acre site hosts the tallest twin buildings in the world, the fourth tallest hotel in the world, a shopping mall, office buildings and several hotels. A public park and a mosque have also been built in the area and are open to everyone. Areas within KLCC is cooled via district cooling located on the property. The whole precinct was developed by KLCC Property Holdings Berhad (KLCCP) of the KLCC Group of Companies, a property investment arm of Petronas.
Lord Edmund Howard
Lord Edmund Howard (c. 1478 – 19 March 1539) was the third son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, and his first wife, Elizabeth Tilney.  His sister, Elizabeth, was the mother of Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn, and he was the father of the king's fifth wife, Katherine Howard.  His first cousin, Margery Wentworth, was the mother of Henry's third wife, Jane Seymour.

Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour (/ˈsiːmɔːr/; c. 1508 – 24 October 1537) was Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year. She became queen following the execution of Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, who was accused by Henry of adultery after failing to produce a male heir. Jane, however, died of postnatal complications less than two weeks after the birth of her only child, the future King Edward VI. She was the only wife of Henry VIII to receive a queen's funeral, and Henry was later buried alongside her remains in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
The Tree (2001 film)
The Tree is a 2001 Singaporean supernatural-mystery drama film directed by Daisy Chan, starring Zoe Tay, Francis Ng, Phyllis Quek, Tse Kwan Ho and Deng Mao Hui. Produced by Mediacorp Raintree Pictures, the film was shot entirely in Singapore over 28 days with a production budget of S$1.1 million. It was released in Singapore cinemas on 26 April 2001.

Raintree Pictures
Mediacorp Raintree Pictures (simplified Chinese: 星霖电影; traditional Chinese: 星霖電影; pinyin: Xīnglín Diànyǐng) was a film production company based in Singapore. The company, a division of Mediacorp Group, was established on 1 August 1998. It financed The Truth About Jane and Sam, produced by Hong Kong's Film Unlimited and directed by Derek Yee. This film garnered a Best New Performer nomination at the 19th Hong Kong Film Awards for its lead actress, Fann Wong from Singapore.

The company closed down in 2012.