hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chain Valley Bay
Chain Valley Bay is a suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area.

Chain Valley Bay has a shopping area containing a general store/liquor shop, take away shop and a hairdresser salon.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.
The Great Canadian Baking Show season 4
The fourth season of The Great Canadian Baking Show premiered on CBC Television on February 14, 2021. As with previous seasons, ten amateur bakers will compete over eight weeks of challenges, vying for the title. The season marked the debut of Ann Pornel and Alan Shane Lewis as hosts, who replaced Carolyn Taylor and Aurora Browne. Bruno Feldeisen and Kyla Kennaley returned for their fourth and second seasons respectively as judges.

Alan Shane Lewis
Alan Shane Lewis is a Canadian comedian, actor and television host, best known as the co-host with Ann Pornel of The Great Canadian Baking Show since season 4.

An alumnus of The Second City's Toronto company who appeared most notably in the 2019 revue If I Could #Throwback Time, he is a partner with Coko Galore, PHATT Al, Brandon Ash-Mohammed, Nkasi Ogbonnah, Ajahnis Charley, Aba Amuquandoh and Brandon Hackett in Untitled Black Sketch Project, Canada's first all-Black Canadian sketch comedy troupe.

He has also had acting roles in the television series Christian & Nat and the short film Duppy, and competed in episodes of Roast Battle Canada

Lewis and Pornel received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Host or Presenter in a Factual or Reality/Competition Series at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022 for The Great Canadian Baking Show.
Now (The Dubliners album)
Now is a studio album by The Dubliners released in 1975. Following the departure of both Ciarán Bourke and Ronnie Drew in 1974, singer/guitarist Jim McCann joined Barney McKenna, Luke Kelly and John Sheahan as a member of The Dubliners to record this album, which Sheahan himself produced. The slight shift in personnel produced a more mellow sound. Arguably, McCann's greatest contribution to the album is the ballad "Carrickfergus", which became one of his most popular and requested songs. It also features a wonderful rendition of the English ballad, "The Unquiet Grave", performed by Luke Kelly.

Jim McCann (musician)
James McCann (26 October 1944 – 5 March 2015) was an Irish entertainer and folk musician. Although a solo artist for most of his career, McCann was a member of the folk group The Dubliners from 1974 until 1979, then later appearing with them in their 2002 reunion and their 50th anniversary tour in 2012.
Ibrahim Eltayeb
Ibrahim Abdelrazzak Eltayeb (Arabic: ابراهيم عبد الرزاق الطيب) is a Sudanese mathematician and professor of applied mathematics at the University of Nizwa in Oman. He is a member of the African Academy of Sciences, the Royal Astronomical Society, The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
U. T. Khader
U. T. Khader Fareed is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the 17th Speaker of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly, since May 2023. He previously served as the Cabinet Minister for Health & Family Welfare, Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs and also for Urban Development and Housing in Government of Karnataka.

Khader is a fourth-term MLA representing the Mangalore constituency (previously known as the Ullal) of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly.

He is a member of the Indian National Congress and was the only Congress MLA to win from the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts in the 2018 State election.

He defeated Santosh Kumar Rai of BJP by a margin of 19,739 votes in the 2018 assembly election.

He defeated Sathish Kumpala of the BJP by a margin of 22,977 votes in the 2023 assembly election.

Udupi
Udupi (Kannada: [uɖupi]) also known as Odipu (Tulu: [oɖipu]) is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of Udupi district, and one of the fastest-growing cities in Karnataka. Udupi is one of the top tourist attractions in Karnataka and has various educational institutions. It is notable for the Krishna Temple and is also known as the temple city. It also lends its name to the popular Udupi cuisine, is also known as Parashurama Kshetra, and is famous for Kanakana kindi. Udupi district is located in western part of Karnataka.
Antonie Dixon
Antonie Dixon (1968 – 4 February 2009) was a convicted New Zealand thief and murderer. His most notorious crimes were committed in an 11-hour spree of violence in 2003 in which he completely or partially severed the hands or arms of two women with a Samurai sword, shot a man dead with a homemade sub-machine gun and kidnapped another man. Dixon acquired over 150 convictions, mostly for theft and burglary; he was imprisoned at least 14 times. His former girlfriend Simonne Butler said he used methamphetamine from at least 2001.

Dixon suffered horrendous abuse as a child, according to evidence given at his 2007 Appeal Court hearing. In prison he beat and attempted to gouge the eye of another inmate and pulled a weapon on his own lawyer. He took his own life in prison in 2009.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Jaret Anderson-Dolan
Jaret Lynn Anderson-Dolan (born September 12, 1999) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for the Manitoba Moose in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL). Anderson-Dolan was selected in the second round of the 2017 NHL entry draft, 41st overall, by the Los Angeles Kings.

Manitoba Moose
The Manitoba Moose are a professional ice hockey team based in Winnipeg. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team plays its home games at Canada Life Centre.

The franchise was founded in 1994 as the Minnesota Moose, then playing in the International Hockey League (IHL). The Moose played fifteen seasons—five in the IHL (1996–2001) and ten in the AHL (2001–2011)—during their first tenure in Winnipeg. This was followed by four seasons in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, (2011–2015) during which the team was known as the St. John's IceCaps. The team returned to Winnipeg prior to the 2015–16 season.
Shorsky National Park
Shorsky National Park (Russian: Шорский национальный парк) is a forested, mountainous area in southwestern Siberia, where the West Siberian Plain meets the South Siberian Mountains.  It is representative of areas with dark taiga tree cover (92% of the park is forested).   With an area of 1,614 square miles (4,180 km2), the park covers over a third of Tashtagolsky District at the southern end of Kemerovo Oblast, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the city of Kemerovo.   The area is the home of the Shors people, and has historically been associated with mining and logging industries before being established as a protected area in 1999.

South Siberian Mountains
The South Siberian Mountains (Russian: Южно-Сибирские горы, romanized: Yuzhno-Sibirskiye Gory) are one of the largest mountain systems in North Asia. The total area of the system of mountain ranges is more than 1.5 million km². The South Siberian Mountains are located in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of Russia, as well as partly in Mongolia. The territory of the mountain system is one of the Great Russian Regions.
Ombudsman (Tonga)
The Tongan Ombudsman is a constitutional officer in Tonga tasked with investigating maladministration. Established as the Commissioner for Public Relations Act in 2001, the office was renamed to Ombudsman in 2016, and given constitutional status in 2021.

The Ombudsman is appointed by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga with the consent of the Legislative Assembly for a term of 5 years. The current acting Ombudsman is ʻAlisi Afeaki Taumoepeau.

Maladministration
Maladministration is the actions of a government body which can be seen as causing an injustice. The law in the United Kingdom says Ombudsmen must investigate maladministration.

The definition of maladministration is wide and can include:

Delay

Incorrect action or failure to take any action

Failure to follow procedures or the law

Failure to provide information

Inadequate record-keeping

Failure to investigate

Failure to reply

Misleading or inaccurate statements

Inadequate liaison

Inadequate consultation

Broken promises
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrially inherited (transmitted from mother to offspring) degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons that leads to an acute or subacute loss of central vision; it predominantly affects adult males, and onset is more likely in younger adults. LHON is  transmitted only through the mother, as it is primarily due to mutations in the mitochondrial (not nuclear) genome, and only the egg contributes mitochondria to the embryo. Men cannot pass on the disease to their offspring. LHON is usually due to one of three pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations. These mutations are at nucleotide positions 11778 G to A, 3460 G to A and 14484 T to C, respectively in the ND4, ND1 and ND6 subunit genes of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation chain in mitochondria.

Point mutation
A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence of an organism's genome. Point mutations have a variety of effects on the downstream protein product—consequences that are moderately predictable based upon the specifics of the mutation. These consequences can range from no effect (e.g. synonymous mutations) to deleterious effects (e.g. frameshift mutations), with regard to protein production, composition, and function.
Church of Holy Trinity, Minories
Christianity portal

Holy Trinity, Minories, was a Church of England parish church outside the eastern boundaries of the City of London, but within the Liberties of the Tower of London and therefore in the East End of London. The liberty was incorporated in the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney in 1899, and today is within the City of London. Converted from the chapel of a nunnery, Holy Trinity was in use as a church from the 16th century until the end of the 19th century.  It survived as a parish hall until it was destroyed by bombing during World War II.

Liberties of the Tower of London
The Liberties of the Tower, or the Tower Liberty, was a liberty in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, Central London, which includes both Tower Hill and the Tower of London. The area was defined sometime after 1200 to provide an open area around the Tower to ensure its defensibility. The liberty was an independent administrative unit from then until it was formally abolished on 25 June 1894. The district maintains a ceremonial existence, with its custom of beating the bounds being a particularly well known example of the tradition.
Pranas Čepėnas
Pranas Čepėnas (4 April 1899 in Veleikiai, Kovno Governorate – 3 December 1980 in Worcester, Massachusetts) was a Lithuanian historian, encyclopedist, journalist, and lexicographer. In 1926 Čepėnas earned a diploma in history from University of Lithuania. He worked as professor of history at Vilnius University. During World War II he emigrated to Germany and later to the U.S.

Zarasai District Municipality
Zarasai District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. It borders with Latvia and Belarus.

It has significant Russian minority population in Lithuania, with sixth of the population claiming Russian ethnicity.
1910 Central University football team
The 1910 Central University football team represented Central University—now known as Centre College—as an independent during the 1910 college football season. Led by second-year head coach M. B. Banks, the team went undefeated, beating Tennessee, Tulane, and Sewanee. The team claimed an SIAA title, since Vanderbilt did not play them.

1910 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1910 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the sport of American football during 1910 college football season. In Dan McGugin's 7th year as head coach, the Commodores as members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) compiled an 8–0–1 record (5–0 SIAA) and outscored their opponents 165 to 8, winning a conference championship.

The only blemish on Vanderbilt's record was a scoreless tie with defending national champion Yale, the first time Yale had been held scoreless at home, and the South's first great showing against an Eastern power. James Howell's computer rating system retroactively named Vanderbilt a national champion.

The team was led by lineman Will Metzger, and piloted in the backfield by  quarterback Ray Morrison.  Metzger was selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp, the third player from the South ever to receive such and honor.
Retrorsine
Retrorsine (RTS or RS) is a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid primarily found in plants of the genus Senecio. It was first isolated  from the plant Senecio retrorsus and named by the Canadian chemist Richard H.F. Manske in 1931. Known for its potent hepatotoxicity (one of the most potent liver toxin among pyrrolizidine alkaloids) and carcinogenicity, it is a significant plant toxin affecting livestock and humans through contaminated feed and herbal products.

In biomedical research, retrorsine is used to induce selective liver injury in animal models to study liver regeneration and liver transplantation, due to its ability to block the cell cycle of host hepatocytes without killing them immediately, such as the retrorsine/partial hepatectomy (RS/PH) model.

Liver injury
A liver injury, also known as liver laceration, is some form of trauma sustained to the liver. This can occur through either a blunt force such as a car accident, or a penetrating foreign object such as a knife. Liver injuries constitute 5% of all traumas, making it the most common abdominal injury. Generally nonoperative management and observation is all that is required for a full recovery.
Rasm Elabed, Idlib
Rasm Elabed, Idlib (Arabic: رسم العبد)  is a Syrian village located in Sinjar Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rasm Elabed, Idlib had a population of 414 in the 2004 census.

Maarat al-Numan District
Maarat al-Numan District (Arabic: مِنْطَقَة مَعَرَّةُ نُعْمَانِ, romanized: Manṭiqat Maʿarrat Nuʿmān) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Maarat al-Numan. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 371,829.
George L. Taylor
George L. Taylor (1842 – May 31, 1897) was a physician and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented King's County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1886 to 1892 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of George Taylor, a merchant. Taylor was educated in Saint John and at Sackville Academy. He studied medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City, receiving his M.D. in 1863. He served on the council for King's County and was warden in 1879.

Taylor died in Hampton on May 31, 1897.

Kings County, New Brunswick
Kings County  is located in southern New Brunswick, Canada. Its historical shire town is Hampton and it was named as an expression of loyalty to the British Crown. Both the Saint John and Kennebecasis rivers pass through the county.

Approximately half of the Kings County population of 71,184 (as of 2021) lives in suburbs of the nearby city of Saint John.
Sooriyanum Sooriyagandhiyum
Sooriyanum Sooriyagandhiyum (transl. Sun and the Sunflower) is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by A. L. Raja and the film was bankrolled by D. D. Cinema Studio. The film stars Appukutty, Rathi Umayal, Srihari, Santhana Bharathi, Lollu Sabha Seshu in the pivotal roles. The film had its theatrical release on 9 August 2024.

Appukutty
Sivabalan, better known as Appukutty, is an Indian actor and comedian, who mainly appears in Tamil films. He became recognized following his performance in Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu. His role as Azhagarsami in Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai was praised by film critics and fetched him the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Tutovo, Kursk Oblast
Tutovo (Russian: Тутово) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Polyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  45 (2010 Census); 64 (2002 Census);

Kursky District, Kursk Oblast
Kursky District (Russian: Ку́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,657.29 square kilometers (639.88 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 54,521 (2021 Census); 54,778 (2010 Census);  56,494 (2002 Census); 56,701 (1989 Soviet census).
Kalaw Township
Kalaw Township (Burmese: ကလောမြို့နယ်) is the capital township of Kalaw District in southwestern Shan State, eastern Myanmar. The principal town is Kalaw. This township contains Kalaw, Aungban and Heho.

Townships of Myanmar
Townships (Burmese: မြို့နယ်, Mrui.nay; IPA: [mjo̰nɛ̀]) are the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar. They are the sub-divisions of the districts of Myanmar. According to the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU), as of December 2015, there are 330 townships in Myanmar.

Townships are the basic administrative unit of local governance and are the only type of administrative division that cover all of Myanmar. A township is administered by a township administrator, a civil servant appointed through the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA). The minister of home affairs is to be appointed by the military according to the 2008 constitution. Townships are supervised by districts.
Frank White (hurler)
Frank White (1913–1984) was an Irish hurler who played as a centre-back for the Westmeath and Dublin senior teams.

Born in Raharney, County Westmeath, White first arrived on the inter-county scene when he first linked up with the Westmeath junior team. He made his senior debut in the 1937 championship before later joining the Dublin senior team. During his career he won three Leinster medals. White was an All-Ireland runner-up on three occasions.

White also represented the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, winning one Railway Cup medal. At club level he won two championship medals with Young Irelands after beginning his career with Raharney.

His retirement came following a defeat by Cork in the 1944 All-Ireland final.

1944 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1944 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 57th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1944 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 3 September 1944, between Cork and Dublin. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 2–13 to 1–2.

This was Cork's fourth All-Ireland title in succession.
Billo (film)
Billo (Punjabi: ਬਿੱਲੋ, Urdu: بلو) is a 1951 Punjabi, Pakistani film directed by Amjad Hussain and starring Darpan, M. Ismail, Nizam Din and Najma.

Ghulam Ahmed Chishti composed the music. Actor Darpan made his debut in this film as well.

Ghulam Ahmed Chishti
Ghulam Ahmed Chishti (Punjabi, Urdu: غُلام احمد چِشتی), (often abbreviated to G.A. Chishti) (Punjabi, Urdu: جی اے چِشتی), 
(17 August 1905 – 25 December 1994) was a Pakistani music composer, attributed as being one of the founders of Indian and Pakistani film music. He is also sometimes referred to as Baba Chishti.

Working with filmi music, Chishti excelled at Punjabi compositions and was 'apt at weaving the design of influences around Punjabi music'. With almost 5,000 tunes to his credit, he composed scores for 140 – 150 films and was the first musician to reach the '100 films' threshold in newly independent Pakistan after 1947. Being a poet, he had written lyrics for 12 of the most popular Pakistani film songs besides writing hundreds of other film songs during his career.
Sumihiro's theorem
In algebraic geometry, Sumihiro's theorem, introduced by (Sumihiro 1974), states that a normal algebraic variety with an action of a torus can be covered by torus-invariant affine open subsets.

The "normality" in the hypothesis cannot be relaxed. The hypothesis that the group acting on the variety is a torus can also not be relaxed.

Maximal torus
In the mathematical theory of compact Lie groups a special role is played by torus subgroups, in particular by the maximal torus subgroups.

A torus in a compact Lie group G is a compact, connected, abelian Lie subgroup of G (and therefore isomorphic to the standard torus Tn). A maximal torus is one which is maximal among such subgroups. That is, T is a maximal torus if for any torus T′ containing T we have T = T′. Every torus is contained in a maximal torus simply by dimensional considerations. A noncompact Lie group need not have any nontrivial tori (e.g. Rn).

The dimension of a maximal torus in G is called the rank of G. The rank is well-defined since all maximal tori turn out to be conjugate. For semisimple groups the rank is equal to the number of nodes in the associated Dynkin diagram.