hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chris Soteros
Christine Elaine Soteros is a Canadian applied mathematician. She is a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Saskatchewan and was the University's Site Director for the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences from 2015 to 2024. Her research involves the folding and packing behavior of DNA, proteins, and other string-like biomolecules, and the knot theory of random space curves.

Soteros graduated from the University of Windsor in 1980.
She completed her Ph.D. in chemical engineering at Princeton University in 1988. Her dissertation, Studies of Metal Hydride Phase Transitions Using the Cluster Variation Method, was supervised by Carol K. Hall. After postdoctoral research at the University of Toronto, working with Stuart Whittington and De Witt Sumners, she became a faculty member at the University of Saskatchewan in 1989.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Terpinen-4-ol
Terpinen-4-ol is an isomer of terpineol with the chemical formula C10H18O. A primary constituent of tea tree oil, it is obtained as an extract from the leaves, branches, and bark of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. Despite considerable basic and preliminary clinical research of terpinen-4-ol and tea tree oil, its biological properties and potential for clinical uses have not been established as of 2019. It may be a factor in the contact dermatitis of tea tree oil when used topically.

Terpinen-4-ol occurs in Juniperus communis and is thought to be the reason why this wood is highly resistant to rot.

Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as tea tree, is a species of tree or tall shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Endemic to Australia, it occurs in southeast Queensland and the north coast and adjacent ranges of New South Wales where it grows along streams and on swampy flats, and is often the dominant species where it occurs.
Satō Tsugunobu
Satō Tsugunobu (佐藤 継信; 1158–1185) was a Japanese warrior and the brother of Satō Tadanobu. Tsugunobu died in the Battle of Yashima, while protecting Minamoto Yoshitsune from an arrow shot by Taira no Noritsune by riding between Yoshitsune and Noritsune. Tsugunobu was buried in Mure, Kagawa, by Taira no Noritsune.

Tsugunobu and his brother Tadanobu "were 'given' to Yoshitsune by Fujiwara no Hidehira when Yoshitsune left Oshu to join Yoritomo".

Tsugunobu is mentioned in Hagakure,  the famous book on bushido, in the passage about martial valor.

Hagakure
Hagakure (Kyūjitai: 葉隱; Shinjitai: 葉隠; IPA: [haɡakɯɾe]; meaning Hidden by the Leaves or Hidden Leaves), or Hagakure Kikigaki (葉隠聞書), is a practical and spiritual guide for a warrior, drawn from a collection of commentaries by the clerk Yamamoto Tsunetomo, former retainer to Nabeshima Mitsushige (July 10, 1632 – July 2, 1700), the third ruler of what is now Saga Prefecture in Japan. Tashiro Tsuramoto compiled these commentaries from his conversations with Tsunetomo from 1709 to 1716; however, it was not published until many years afterwards. Hagakure is also known as The Book of the Samurai, Analects of Nabeshima or Hagakure Analects.
Eirini Kokkinaki
Eirini Kokkinaki (Greek: Ειρήνη Κοκκινάκη; born June 6, 1996, in Athens, Greece) is a female professional volleyball player from Greece, who is a member of the Greece women's national volleyball team. At club level, she played in Hellenic Volley League for Greek powerhouse Olympiacos Piraeus from July 2013 till May 2021. Then she traveled to England  and played for three years for Newcastle knights.
Her brother Menelaos Kokkinakis is a volleyball player too.

Greek Women's Volleyball Cup
The Greek women's Volleyball Cup began in the 1998–99 season and is organized by Hellenic Volleyball Federation (ΕΟΠΕ). So far, seven clubs have won the cup. Olympiacos is the most successful club in the competition with 10titles. Olympiacos are the current cup holders.
Taibah, Irbid
Taibah or Taybeh (Arabic: الطيبة; also Taiyibe and Al-Taiyiba) is a town located in the Aṭ-Ṭaībah district of the Irbid Governorate, in northern Jordan.

The 2020 census estimates its population to be 24,255 people.

Irbid Governorate
Irbid or Irbed (Arabic: إربد) is a governorate in Jordan, located north of Amman, the country's capital. The capital of the governorate is the city of Irbid. The governorate has the second largest population in Jordan after Amman Governorate, and the highest population density in the country.
NJ Transit bus fleet
As of 2025, the active fleet of NJ Transit Bus Operations consisted of approximately 2800 buses which it housed and maintained at eighteen NJ Transit bus garages. NJ Transit and companies leasing buses from the state agency use various models of buses between 25 feet (7.6 m) (minibuses) and 60 feet (18 m) in length (some of which are articulated) to provide local and commuter service within the state of New Jersey and adjacent parts of New York and Pennsylvania. NJ Transit introduced compressed natural gas (CNG) buses in 1999 (147 as 2024) and hybrid electric buses in 2007. As of the 2020s, NJ Transit began introducing clean diesel and battery electric buses to make the transition to build a lower or zero-emission fleet. The rosters below list current and past buses purchased or otherwise acquired by NJ Transit for heavy duty fixed-route service.

Battery electric bus
A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries. Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.

Battery electric buses offer the potential for zero-emissions, in addition to much quieter operation and better acceleration compared to traditional buses. They also eliminate infrastructure needed for a constant grid connection and allow routes to be modified without infrastructure changes, in contrast with a trolleybus. They typically recover braking energy to increase efficiency by a regenerative brake. With energy consumption of about 1.2 kW⋅h/km (4.3 MJ/km; 1.9 kW⋅h/mi), the cost of ownership is lower than diesel buses.

In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) found that total operating costs per mile of an electric bus fleet in the United States in some cases may be less expensive than a diesel bus fleet.
Hugh Possingham
Hugh Phillip Possingham, FAA (born 21 July 1962), is the former Queensland Chief Scientist and is best known for his work in conservation biology, applied ecology, and basic ecological theory including population ecology. He is also a professor of mathematics, Professor of Zoology and an ARC Laureate Fellow in the Department of Mathematics and the School of the Environment at The University of Queensland.

The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, United States. As of 2021, it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.

Founded in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has over one million members globally as of 2021 and has protected more than 119 million acres (48 million ha) of land in its history. As of 2014, it is the largest environmental non-profit organization by assets and revenue in the Americas.
Boeing XAT-15
The Boeing AT-15 was an American twin-engined bomber crew trainer designed and built by Boeing's Wichita Division. Only two prototypes, designated XAT-15, were built. Plans to build over 1,000 were cancelled on the United States' entry into the Second World War.

Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp
The Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp is an aircraft engine of the reciprocating type that was widely used in American aircraft from the 1920s onward. It was the Pratt & Whitney aircraft company's first engine, and the first of the famed Wasp series. It was a single-row, nine-cylinder, air-cooled, radial design, and displaced 1,344 cubic inches (22 L); bore and stroke were both 5.75 in (146 mm). A total of 34,966 engines were produced.

As well as numerous types of fixed-wing aircraft, it was used to power helicopters, the Agusta-Bell AB.102 and the Sikorsky H-19, and a class of airship, the K-class blimp.

In 2016, it received designation as a Historic Engineering Landmark from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Indiana ghostlore
Numerous narratives and folk beliefs make up the ghostlore of Indiana, a U.S. state in the Midwest, and there are many locations that are considered to be haunted by locals. Some of the hauntings are celebrated in festivals, and most have some history behind them.

Folk belief
In folkloristics, folk belief or folk-belief is a broad genre of folklore that is often expressed in narratives, customs, rituals, foodways, proverbs, and rhymes. It also includes a wide variety of behaviors, expressions, and beliefs. Examples of concepts included in this genre are magic, popular belief, folk religion, planting signs, hoodoo, conjuration, charms, rootwork, taboos, old wives' tales, omens, portents, the supernatural and folk medicine.

Folk belief and associated behaviors are strongly evidenced among all elements of society, regardless of education level or income. In turn, folk belief is found in an agricultural, suburban, and urban environments alike.
Firekeeper's Daughter
Firekeeper's Daughter is a young adult novel by Angeline Boulley, published March 16, 2021, by Henry Holt and Co. The book is a New York Times best seller and won the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Young Adult Novel in 2022. The sequel, Warrior Girl Unearthed, was published in 2023.

The book follows Daunis Fontaine, a half-native, half-white young adult who witnesses her friend's murder and becomes involved in an FBI investigation revolving around a new drug.

Boulley, who is Ojibwe, spent 10 years working on the novel as she researched "the intricacies of illegal drugs, to law enforcement, to hockey, to the ways of her own tribe, the Ojibwe people."

Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Young Adult Novel
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards (popularly called the Edgars), named after Edgar Allan Poe, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America. They remain the most prestigious awards in the entire mystery genre. The award for Best Young Adult Mystery was established in 1989 and recognizes works written for ages twelve to eighteen, and grades eight through twelve. Prior to the establishment of this award, the Mystery Writers of America awarded a special Edgar to Katherine Paterson for The Master Puppeteer in 1977.
Baluan
Baluan is a stratovolcano that is located on the Baluan Island, in the Admiralty Islands. The volcano is considered dormant, though warm springs are present on the island and in 1931 there were unconfirmed reports of an active submarine vent nearby.

Admiralty Islands
The Admiralty Islands are an archipelago group of 40 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the South Pacific Ocean. These are also sometimes known as the Manus Islands, after the largest island of the chain.

These rainforest-covered islands constitute Manus Province, the smallest and least-populous province of Papua New Guinea, in its Islands Region. The total area is 2,100 km2 (810 sq mi). The province had a population of 60,485 at the 2011 Census. Many of the smaller Admiralty Islands are atolls and uninhabited.
Fidget Cube
The Fidget Cube is a fidget toy designed by Matthew and Mark McLachlan, brothers and co-founders of the US design studio Antsy Labs. It has fidget tools on all sides: a toggle switch, gears, a rolling ball (marble), a joystick, a spinning disk, a worry stone, and five buttons.

Analog stick
An analog stick (analogue stick in British English), also known as a control stick, thumbstick or joystick, is an input method designed for video games that translates thumb movement into directional control. It consists of a protruding stick mounted on a pivot, with movement registered through continuous electrical signals rather than discrete switches, allowing for greater nuance than traditional digital inputs.

Unlike D-pads, which rely on fixed electrical contacts, analog sticks use potentiometers to measure their position across a full range of motion. Many models allow the stick to be pressed down like a button, allowing users to execute commands without removing their thumb from the stick. Since its introduction, the analog stick has largely replaced the D-pad as the primary directional input in modern game controllers.
Jewels 10th Ring
Jewels 10th Ring was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by MMA promotion Jewels. The event took place on October 10, 2010 (2010-10-10) at Shin-Kiba 1st Ring in Koto, Tokyo, Japan. It hosted the opening round of the second Rough Stone Grand Prix.

Shin-Kiba 1st Ring
Shin-Kiba 1st Ring is an arena in Tokyo, which holds 290 people. It was opened in 2001, its first event being a JDStar "Grapple Beauty" show, even though the inside of the building was not even close to being completed. It has quickly become a favorite of smaller promotions, for its cheap rental prices and the close proximity that it has to Shin-Kiba Station, and the train lines.

Japanese all women's professional wrestling promotion World Wonder Ring Stardom holds a lot of their events at the venue.
Donaldson-Bannister House and Cemetery
The Donaldson-Bannister House and Cemetery, near Dunwoody, Georgia, is a historic property that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The house has also been known as Chesnut House.

The listing included six contributing buildings, a contributing structure, and a contributing site, on 2.8 acres (1.1 ha).

The house was built c. 1870 for William J. Donaldson as a Plantation Plain-type building, and a rear ell was added in the 1880s. In 1935, the ell was changed considerably by owner Lois Patillo Bannister, who hired architect Francis Palmer Smith to implement changes consistent with then-popular 20th-century Colonial Revival style.

The house itself is considered significant as an "excellent example of the thorough application of Colonial Revival-style elements". The cemetery is also considered an "excellent example of a family cemetery" in rural agricultural landscape architecture.

Dunwoody, Georgia
Dunwoody is a city located in DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. As a northern suburb of Atlanta, Dunwoody is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. It was incorporated as a city on December 1, 2008, but its area establishment dates back to the early 1830s. As of 2020, the city had a population of 51,683.
David A. Nethercot
David Arthur Nethercot (born 26 April 1946) is a British structural engineer.

He was the Head of the Civil Engineering Department at Imperial College London until September 2011. He was president of the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) in 2003-04 and the 2009 recipient of their Gold Medal.

In June 2012 he became President of the City & Guilds College Association, the association for engineering alumni of Imperial College. 1 November 2013 he became President of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE).

International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering
The International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) is a non-profit organisation with mission to promote the exchange of knowledge and to advance the practice of structural engineering worldwide in the service of the profession and society, taking into consideration technical, economic, environmental, aesthetic and social aspects.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is the quaternary ammonium salt with the formula (CH3)2N(C10H21)2Cl.  The cation (CH3)2N(C10H21)+2 and chloride comprise this salt, which is a colorless solid.

DDAC is an antiseptic/disinfectant.  Like related quat salts, it disrupts lipid bilayers.  The bacteriostatic (prevent growth) or bactericidal (kill microorganism) activity of DDAC depends on its concentration and the growth phase of the microbial population. It is a broad spectrum biocidal against bacteria and fungi and can be used as disinfectant cleaner for linen, recommended for use in hospitals, hotels and industries. It is also used in gynaecology, surgery, ophthalmology, pediatrics, OT, and for the sterilization of surgical instruments, endoscopes and surface disinfection.

Sterilization (microbiology)
Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. Sterilization is distinct from disinfection, sanitization, and pasteurization, in that those methods reduce rather than eliminate all forms of life and biological agents present. After sterilization, fluid or an object is referred to as being sterile or aseptic.
Vierzy tunnel disaster
The Vierzy tunnel disaster was a deadly train collision that occurred on June 16, 1972 in Vierzy, in the Aisne department of France on the line from La Plaine to Hirson.

Two trains traveling in opposite directions entered the Vierzy tunnel, about 40 km (25 mi) south of Laon, and struck debris from a partial collapse of the tunnel's vault, which had occurred a few minutes earlier. 
The investigation determined that the collapse had been caused by defects linked to the destruction of the tunnel during the Franco-Prussian war and the First and Second World Wars, made worse by the poor nature of the soil. The disaster killed 108 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in France since 1933 and the third deadliest rail accident in French history.

Aisne
Aisne (/eɪn/ ayn, US also /ɛn/ en; French: [ɛːn] ⓘ; Picard: Ainne) is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It is named after the river Aisne. In 2020, it had a population of 529,374.
I Follow Rivers
"I Follow Rivers" is a song by Swedish recording artist Lykke Li from her second studio album, Wounded Rhymes (2011). Produced by Björn Yttling of Peter Bjorn and John, it was released on 21 January 2011 as the album's second single. The track premiered exclusively on SPIN.com on 10 January 2011.

Belgian DJ/producer the Magician remixed and reworked "I Follow Rivers" in 2011, peaking at number one in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Romania, number two in Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, and the Netherlands, and number four in France. The remix was deemed "'90s house".
Belgian band Triggerfinger covered "I Follow Rivers" in 2012, peaking at number one in Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands.

NPO 3FM
NPO 3FM is a Dutch rhythmic CHR radio station controlled by public broadcaster NPO. The vast majority of the songs played on-air are rock, alternative, indie and pop, though dance and Mega Top 30 tracks may also air at times.
Telephone User Part
Telephone User Part (TUP) provides conventional PSTN telephony services across the Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) network. TUP was the first layer 4 protocol defined by the standards bodies and as such did not provision for ISDN services. It has now largely been replaced by ISUP. However, it can still be found in operational use in some parts of the world (e.g., China).

TUP is defined in ITU-T Recommendations Q.721-725. These define the international telephone call control signalling functions for use over SS7.

Various national variants of TUP have evolved, some of which provide varying degrees of support for ISDN. E.g. French SSUTR2 and Chinese TUP (Specification GF001-9001).

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
Gonçalo Sampaio
Gonçalo António da Silva Ferreira Sampaio (29 March 1865 in São Gens de Calvos – 28 July 1937 in Porto) was a Portuguese botanist.

He studied mathematics at the University of Coimbra and chemistry, mineralogy and botany at the Polytechnic Academy of Porto. From 1890 he served as an assistant naturalist at the Polytechnic Academy. From 1912 to 1935 he was a professor of botany at the faculty of sciences of the University of Porto. In 1923 Sampaio issued the exsiccata Lichenes de Portugal.

As a taxonomist he described around 50 new species of vascular plants, five new species of desmids and about 70 new taxa of lichens that included the genus Carlosia (family Caliciaceae). The mycological genus Sampaioa (Gonz. Frag., 1923; syn. Mycoglaena) commemorates his name.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Fran Goldthorp
Francesca Goldthorp (born 11 January 2003) is an England international dual-code rugby league footballer who plays for the North Queensland Cowboys in the NRL Women's Premiership  primarily as a fullback or wing. Previously she played for Loughborough Lightning in the Premiership Women's Rugby primarily as a fullback. Leeds Rhinos in the RFL Women's Super League where she predominantly played at centre or wing.

Goldthorp was a student at Loughborough University where she also played rugby union for Loughborough Lightning in the Premier 15s, as well as for England under-20s.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.