hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Serres (1205)
The battle of Serres (Bulgarian: Битка при Сяр) took place in June 1205 in the town of Serres in contemporary Greece where the Bulgarian Empire seized control of the city from the Latin Empire.

In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, the Latin Empire struggled to assert control over the former Byzantine territories, facing resistance from the Greek population and the expansionist Bulgarian Tsar Kaloyan. In 1205, after capturing Emperor Baldwin I at Adrianople, Kaloyan turned his forces westward, defeating the Crusaders at Serres and punishing its defenders. The destruction of Serres and later Philippopolis, led the Greek towns to switch their allegiance to the Latin Empire, weakening the Bulgarian influence in the region.

Baldwin I, Latin Emperor
Baldwin I (Dutch: Boudewijn; French: Baudouin; July 1172 – c. 1205) was the first Emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople; Count of Flanders (as Baldwin IX) from 1194 to 1205 and Count of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI) from 1195 to 1205.  Baldwin was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Constantinople in 1204, the conquest of the Byzantine Empire, and the foundation of the Latin Empire. The following year he was defeated at the Battle of Adrianople by Kaloyan, the emperor of Bulgaria, and spent his last days as a prisoner.
Acacia dictyoneura
Acacia dictyoneura is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south coast of Western Australia. It is a cone-shaped shrub with erect, oval or elliptic phyllodes, spherical or oblong heads of yellow flowers and narrowly oblong pods.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Eating Disorder Inventory
The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to assess the presence of eating disorders, (a) anorexia nervosa both restricting and binge-eating/purging type; (b) bulimia nervosa; and (c) eating disorder not otherwise specified including binge eating disorder. The original questionnaire consisted of 64 questions, divided into eight subscales. It was created in 1984 by David M. Garner and others. There have been two subsequent revisions by Garner: the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3).

Other specified feeding or eating disorder
Other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) is a subclinical DSM-5 category that, along with unspecified feeding or eating disorder (UFED), replaces the category formerly called eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) in the DSM-IV-TR. It captures feeding disorders and eating disorders of clinical severity that do not meet diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), pica, or rumination disorder. OSFED includes five examples:

Atypical anorexia nervosa

Atypical bulimia nervosa of low frequency and/or limited duration

Binge eating disorder of low frequency and/or limited duration

Purging disorder

Night eating syndrome (NES)
Jagadevpur
Jagadevpur (from Jagad =world + deva = god + puri=city, meaning city of the lord of the world) can refer to:

Jagadevpur, Medak district, a village in Telangana, India

Jagadevpur, Pakistan, a place in Punjab, Pakistan

Jagdeo, Pakistan
Jagdeo, or Jagday, is a village in Samundri Tehsil in Faisalabad District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It has an altitude of 168 metres (551 ft). It is the part of union council no.120 of Tehsil Sammundri. It has a population of over 8,000.
Maria Pia Fanti
Maria Pia Fanti (born 21 February 1957) is an Italian control theorist known for her research on topics that include discrete event dynamic systems, Petri nets, consensus, fault detection and isolation, agile manufacturing, and road traffic control. She is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering at the Polytechnic University of Bari, where she heads the Laboratory for Control and Automation.

Discrete-event dynamic system
In control engineering, a discrete-event dynamic system (DEDS) is a discrete-state, event-driven system of which the state evolution depends entirely on the occurrence of asynchronous discrete events over time. Although similar to continuous-variable dynamic systems (CVDS), DEDS consists solely of discrete state spaces and event-driven state transition mechanisms.

Topics in DEDS include:

Automata theory

Supervisory control theory

Petri net theory

Discrete event system specification

Boolean differential calculus

Markov chain

Queueing theory

Discrete-event simulation

Concurrent estimation
Pleaman Forsey
Pleaman Forsey is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly in the 2019 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Exploits as a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador Progressive Conservative Party. He was re-elected in the 2021 provincial election. Forsey supported Tony Wakeham in the 2023 provincial PC party leadership race.

Forsey was re-elected in the 2025 Newfoundland and Labrador general election.

On October 29, 2025, Forsey was appointed to Minister of Forestry, Agriculture, and Lands, and Minister of Crown Lands.

Exploits (electoral district)
Exploits is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In central Newfoundland on the Bay of Exploits, it lies between the Trans-Canada Highway in the south and Notre Dame Bay in the north. Most of the population lives in the southern centres of Botwood and Bishop's Falls.

To the north, Exploits includes communities in Notre Dame Bay such as Cottrell's Cove, but most of the population lives in southern centres such as Botwood and Bishop's Falls. Communities include: Bishop's Falls, Bishop's Falls South, Botwood, Charles Brook, Cottrell's Cove, Fortune Harbour, Glovers Harbour, Leading Tickles West, Moore's Cove, Northern Arm, Peterview, Phillip's Head, Pleasantview, Point Leamington, Point of Bay, Ritter's Arm, and Wooddale.

The district was formerly represented by Liberal Premier Roger Grimes.
Pai (surname)
Pai is a surname from coastal Karnataka, Kerala and Goa in India. It is found among Hindus of the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community, especially of Madhwa Section following either Kashi Math or Gokarna Matha.

The name is also in use among some Konkani Catholics who trace their ancestry to the Goud Saraswat Brahmins of Karnataka, Kerala and Goa.

Kashi Math
Kashi Math is a matha (monastery) and a spiritual organisation followed by the Madhva section of Gaud Saraswat Brahmins, who are also referred as Madhwa Saraswat Brahmins or Vaishnava Saraswat Brahmins. It dates back to the 16th century. With its headquarters in Brahma Ghat, Varanasi. Kashi Math has followers all over the Konkan belt, prominently in Mumbai, Goa, Udupi, Mangalore, Kochi and other parts of Karnataka and Kerala.
Long Story Short (TV series)
Long Story Short is an American adult animated comedy-drama television series that was created by Raphael Bob-Waksberg and premiered on Netflix on August 22, 2025. Before its premiere, it was renewed for a second season, which is set to premiere in 2026.

Max Greenfield
Max Greenfield (born September 4, 1979) is an American actor and author. He appeared in recurring roles in Veronica Mars and Ugly Betty. He co-starred as Schmidt in the Fox sitcom New Girl, for which he received nominations at the Primetime Emmy Awards, the Golden Globe Awards, and the Critics' Choice Television Awards. Since 2018, Greenfield has portrayed Dave Johnson in the CBS sitcom The Neighborhood.

He voiced Roger in the Ice Age franchise, and numerous characters in the shows Bob's Burgers, Robot Chicken and BoJack Horseman. He has also written the children's books I Don't Want to Read This Book, I Don't Want to Read This Book Aloud, This Book is Not a Present and Good Night Thoughts.
Charles-Eugène Pouliot
Charles-Eugène Pouliot (19 December 1856 – 24 June 1897) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Témiscouata in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1890 to 1892 and Témiscouata in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1897 as a Liberal.

He was born in Rivière-du-Loup, Canada East, the son of Jean-Baptiste Pouliot and Sophronie Blais. Pouliot was educated at the Séminaire de Québec and went on to study law at the Université Laval. He was called to the Quebec bar in 1879 and set up practice in Rivière-du-Loup. Pouliot ran unsuccessfully for a federal seat in 1887. In the same year, he was married to Stella-Anita Bertrand. He was defeated by Napoléon Rioux when he ran for reelection to the Quebec assembly in 1892. He died in office in Fraserville at the age of 40.

His son Jean-François Pouliot served in the House of Commons and Canadian senate. His nephew Camille-Eugène Pouliot also served as a member of the Quebec assembly.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Dina Gilio-Whitaker
Dina Gilio-Whitaker is an American academic, journalist, and author, who studies Native Americans in the United States, decolonization, and environmental justice. She is a Colville Confederated Tribes direct descendant. In 2019, she published As Long as Grass Grows.

California State University, San Marcos
California State University San Marcos (CSUSM or Cal State San Marcos) is a public university in San Marcos, California, United States. It was founded in 1989 as the 21st campus in the California State University (CSU) system.

CSUSM offers 43 bachelor's degree programs, 24 master's degree programs, 8 credential programs, and 1 joint doctoral with the University of California, San Diego.

CSUSM is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and also Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The university had a total undergraduate enrollment of 15,431 students in fall 2024. In 2024, the university had 284 tenured faculty. The Cal State San Marcos Cougars compete in NCAA Division II as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association.
Attock Tehsil
Attock Tehsil (Punjabi and Urdu: تحصیل اٹک) is one of the six tehsils of Attock District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

The Indus River bounds it on the north-west, dividing it from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, while the Haro River flows through from east to west.

The north-west corner is occupied by the fertile Chach Valley. South of this lies a dry sandy plain, beyond which rises the Kala Chitta Range. The eastern half consists of the tract known as the Nala, which includes, along with a number of low hills and much broken country, a considerable area of fairly good level land, portions of which are irrigated from wells and by cuts from the Haro and other smaller streams.

Chhachh
Chhachh or Chach is an alluvial plain located in the northern Punjab, Pakistan. Triangular in shape, Chhachh is bounded by the left bank of Indus to the northwest, Gandghar range to the east and the highlands along the Grand Trunk Road to the south, covering an area of some 200 sq mi (520 km2). Administratively a part of Hazro Tehsil of Attock District, Chhachh is reputed to be the most fertile in Punjab.
Portrait of Louis Philippe I (Winterhalter)
Portrait of Louis Philippe I is an 1841 portrait painting by the German artist Franz Xaver Winterhalter depicting the French monarch Louis Philippe I. Winterhalter was rapidly emerging as one of the most fashionable portrait painters in Europe and had numerous royal sitters that year alone.

His painting of Louis Philippe was a celebration of the king's role in the restoration and reopening of the Palace of Versailles as a Museum of French History. He is shown in the uniform of a major general with the Galerie des Batailles behind him. His hand rests on the architectural plans for the gallery and nearby is a statuette of Joan of Arc created by his daughter Princess Marie. Today the painting is in collection of Versailles having been acquired in 1975. It recreates the pose from an earlier portrait by Winterhalter with a different background.

Princess Marie of Orléans (1813–1839)
Princess Marie of Orléans (12 April 1813 – 6 January 1839) was a French princess, artist, and, by her marriage, duchess of Württemberg (1837). Before her marriage, she was styled Mademoiselle de Valois.
E. W. Hobson
Ernest William Hobson FRS (27 October 1856 – 19 April 1933) was an English mathematician, now remembered mostly for his books, some of which broke new ground in their coverage in English of topics from mathematical analysis. He was Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Cambridge from 1910 to 1931.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
ICOCA
ICOCA (Japanese: イコカ, romanized: Ikoka) is a rechargeable contactless smart card used on the JR West rail network in Japan. The card was launched on November 1, 2003, for usage on the Urban Network, which encompasses the major cities of Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe (Keihanshin). It is now usable on many other networks nationwide. The ICOCA area has gradually been expanded, and now includes the San'yo region through the Okayama and Hiroshima urban areas, and some lines in northern Shikoku, San'in and Hokuriku regions as of 2024.

ICOCA is an abbreviation of "IC Operating Card" and is also a play on the phrase "Iko ka" (行こか), an informal, Kansai dialect invitation meaning "Shall we go?"

The mascot for ICOCA is a blue platypus named Ico the Platypus (カモノハシのイコちゃん, Kamonohashi no Iko-chan). Platypus characters for the children's ICOCA also exist and are named Icota (イコ太, Ikota) and Icomi (イコ美, Ikomi).

Okayama
Okayama (岡山市, Okayama-shi; Japanese: [okaꜜjama]) is the capital city of Okayama Prefecture in the Chūgoku region of Japan. The Okayama metropolitan area, centered around the city, has the largest urban employment zone in the Chugoku region of western Japan. The city was founded on June 1, 1889. As of February 2023, the city has an estimated population of 700,940 and a population density of 890 people per km2. The total area is 789.95 square kilometres (305.00 square miles).

The city is the site of Kōraku-en, known as one of the top three traditional gardens in Japan, and Okayama Castle, which is ranked among the best 100 Japanese castles. The city is famous as the setting of the Japanese fable Momotarō. Okayama joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Hotan–Ruoqiang railway
The Hotan–Ruoqiang (Qakilik) railway or Heruo Railway (Chinese: 和若铁路) is a 825.5 km long railway line connecting the cities of Hotan and Ruoqiang in southern Xinjiang, China that opened on 16 June 2022 with a design speed of 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph). It serves over 10 million people with 20 new stations. Heruo Railway is part of the Taklimakan Desert railway loop, together with sections of the Southern Xinjiang railway, Kashgar–Hotan railway, and Golmud–Korla railway.

Hotan
Hotan is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in Northwestern China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become an administrative area in its own right in August 1984. It is the seat of Hotan Prefecture.

With a population of 408,900 (2018 census), Hotan is situated in the Tarim Basin some 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) southwest of the regional capital, Ürümqi. It lies just north of the Kunlun Mountains, which are crossed by the Sanju, Hindutash and Ilchi passes. The town, located southeast of Yarkant County and populated almost exclusively by Uyghurs, is a minor agricultural center. An important station on the southern branch of the historic Silk Road, Hotan has always depended on two strong rivers, the Karakash River and the White Jade River, to provide the water needed to survive on the southwestern edge of the vast Taklamakan Desert. The White Jade River still provides water and irrigation for the town and oasis.
Trinity Church, Langzhong
Trinity Church, also referred to as Protestant Episcopal Church, is a Protestant church situated on Langjiaguai Street in the county-level city of Langzhong, Nanchong, Sichuan Province. Founded in 1893, the building is the city's oldest surviving Anglican church, formerly belonging to the East Szechwan Diocese of the Church in China. It has been subjected to the control of the state-sanctioned Three-Self Patriotic Church since 1954.

Protestantism in Sichuan
The Protestant mission began in the southwestern Chinese province of Sichuan in 1877, when premises were rented by the China Inland Mission in Chungking. However, compared with Catholicism, which had been spread throughout the province for over two centuries at the time, it grew rather slowly, it was not until the late 1980s that Protestantism experienced rapid growth. The two largest denominations in the province before 1950 were Anglicanism and Methodism.
Janq'u Jaqhi (Ingavi)
Janq'u Jaqhi (Aymara janq'u white, jaqhi precipice, cliff, "white cliff", also spelled Jankho Jakke) is a 4,254-metre-high (13,957 ft) mountain in the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Desaguadero Municipality. Janq'u Jaqhi lies south of Wiñaymarka Lake, the southern branch of Lake Titicaca.

Ingavi Province
Ingavi is a province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. This is where the Battle of Ingavi occurred on November 18, 1841, and where the World Heritage Site of Tiwanaku is situated.

During the presidency of Eliodoro Villazón the province was founded on December 16, 1909, with Viacha as its capital.
Sakız, Sincik
Sakız (Kurdish: Seqiz) is a village in the Sincik District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 301 in 2021.

The hamlets of Gündoğan, Güvercinler and Ocakbaşı are attached to Sakız.

Reşwan
Reşwan, (Kurdish: ڕەشوان, Reşwan; Turkish: Rişvan) also known as Reşiyan,  is a Kurdish tribe, native to the western frontier of Kurdistan,  mostly populating Adıyaman, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş and Malatya provinces in Turkey and also present in Konya and Ankara provinces, Raqqa in Syria, and they live in Gilan, Khorasan province Qazvin Province citisies in Iran. Members of the tribe mostly adhere to the Hanafi school of Islam but some are Alevi.
All At Sea (horse)
All At Sea (3 May 1989 – 2007) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a racing career which lasted from October 1991 until September 1992 she recorded five wins and three second places from nine starts. After easily winning her only race as a juvenile she won her first three starts in the following spring including the Pretty Polly Stakes and the Musidora Stakes. She went on to run second in the Epsom Oaks, Nassau Stakes and International Stakes before recording her biggest success in the Prix du Moulin. She was retired from racing after finishing fourth in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes. As a broodmare she produced several minor winners but no top-class performers.

Pretty Polly Stakes (Great Britain)
The Pretty Polly Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres) on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket in late April or early May.
Savallà del Comtat
Savallà del Comtat (Catalan pronunciation: [səβəˈʎa ðəl kumˈtat]) is a municipality and village in the comarca of Conca de Barberà in the province of Tarragona in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 50 (register office, 2024) .

Conca de Barberà
Conca de Barberà (Eastern Catalan: [ˈkoŋkə ðə βəɾβəˈɾa], Spanish: Cuenca de Barberá) is a comarca (county) in the region of Camp de Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. Its total area is 650.24 km2 (251.1 mi2), and its capital is Montblanc.

At its creation in 1936, it contained 23 municipalities, but in 1990, several of these were amalgamated; Rojals was combined with Montblanc, and Montbrió de la Marca was amalgamated with Sarral. Also in 1990, Vallfogona de Riucorb was moved from the Segarra comarca. This resulted in the current total of 22 municipalities.
John L. Volk
John Latham Volk (October 15, 1901 – February 20, 1984) was an Austrian-born American architect who designed public buildings and private residences in and around Palm Beach, Florida from the 1920s until his death in 1984. Although there is no particular style exclusively associated with Volk, he worked with many styles from Mediterranean Revival to Modern. Volk was among a group of architects considered the “Big Five,” along with Marion Sims Wyeth, Addison Mizner, Maurice Fatio, and Howard Major, who defined Palm Beach style in the early twentieth century.

Everglades Club
The Everglades Club is a social club in Palm Beach, Florida. When its construction began in July 1918, it was to be called the Touchstone Convalescent Club, and it was intended to be a hospital for the wounded of World War I. When the war ended a few months later, and it changed into a private club.
Dros
Dros is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Charles du Dros (fl.1544), French governor of Mondovì

Cristian Dros (born 1998), Moldovan footballer

Gerald Dros (born 1973), South African cricketer

Imme Dros (born 1936), Dutch writer of children's literature

Mence Dros-Canters (1900–1934), Dutch female hockey, badminton and tennis player

Abby Dros (born 1707), American national hero.

Cristian Dros
Cristian Dros (born 15 April 1998) is a Moldovan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Kategoria Superiore club Vllaznia Shkodër and the Moldova national team.

In his career Dros also played for Zaria Bălți and ASU Politehnica Timișoara.