hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open-pit coal mining in the United Kingdom
Open-pit coal mining in the United Kingdom ended in November 2023. Each open-pit coal mine usually lasted four or five years at extraction rates of up to a quarter-million tons a year. Until 2014, statistics on open-pit coal mining were compiled by the British Geological Survey from information provided by local planning authorities.

British Geological Survey
The British Geological Survey (BGS) is a partly publicly funded body which aims to advance geoscientific knowledge of the United Kingdom landmass and its continental shelf by means of systematic surveying, monitoring and research.

The BGS headquarters are in Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, England. Its other centres are located in Edinburgh, Wallingford, Cardiff and London. The current tagline of the BGS is: Understanding our Earth.
DXCM-AM
DXCM (1089 AM) is a radio station owned and operated by UM Broadcasting Network. The station’s studio is located at Ela Bldg., Quezon Blvd., Kidapawan, while the transmitter is located in Brgy. Manongol, Kidapawan.

It was originally broadcasting from Cotabato City until 2016, when it transferred to Kidapawan. By that time, it also established its FM relay station. From 2000 to June 14, 2020, the Radyo Ukay branding was used. On June 15, 2020, management decided to retire the branding as it has run its course. DXCM, along with its other AM stations, started carrying their perspective call letters in their brandings. The yellow highlighted in the "X" of their logos means to move forward.

UM Broadcasting Network
The University of Mindanao Broadcasting Network (UMBN) is a Philippine radio network majority-owned and controlled by the Torres family. It serves as the media arm of the University of Mindanao. Its headquarters are located at the UMBN Media Center, C. Bangoy St. cor. Palma Gil St., Poblacion, Davao City, while its national marketing offices are located in Makati. UMBN and its subsidiary Mt. Apo Broadcasting System run AM and FM stations in Mindanao, while its other subsidiary Ditan Communications runs the Visayas stations. It has three radio network brands, namely UMBN News & Public Affairs, Wild FM and Retro.
Pebbles, Volume 6 (1979 album)
Pebbles, Volume 6 is a compilation album among the LPs in the Pebbles series. Subtitled The Roots of Mod, Volume 6 is the only album in the Pebbles series that features primarily British music. The Pebbles, Volume 6 CD is not at all related to this LP; instead, the CD featuring the songs on this LP was released as English Freakbeat, Volume 6.

Young Love (1956 song)
"Young Love" is a popular song, written by Ric Cartey and Carole Joyner, and published in 1956. The original version was recorded by Ric Cartey with the Jiva-Tones on November 24, 1956. Joyner (later Carole Joyner Gourley) was a high school student when she co-wrote the song with Cartey, her boyfriend at the time. It was released in 1956 by Stars Records as catalog number 539 and one month later by RCA Records as catalog number 47-6751. Cartey's version never charted.

The song became a hit several times over the years with three near-simultaneous versions released by Sonny James, Tab Hunter, and the Crew-Cuts in 1957, and was later covered with hit versions by Lesley Gore in 1965 and Donny Osmond in 1973. The recordings by James, Hunter and Osmond were all number-one hits: James's on the country and radio airplay charts, Hunter's on the Billboard Hot 100 Hunters version spent 7 weeks at number 1 in the U.K , and Osmond's on the UK Singles Chart.
Mertensia bella
Mertensia bella is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common names beautiful bluebells and Oregon lungwort. It is native to the northwestern United States, where it grows in wet mountain habitat. It is a perennial herb producing a slender, erect stem and caudex unit up to half a meter tall. The rough-haired leaves are alternately arranged and borne on petioles. The inflorescence is an open array of clustered bright blue, bell-shaped flowers up to a centimeter wide at the lobed mouths.

Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, has two significantly different circumscriptions as of December 2025. In the narrower circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu stricto is one of 11 families placed in the order Boraginales and includes about 90–120 genera. This approach was developed by the Boraginales Working Group. In the older, broader circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu lato is the only family in the order Boraginales, and includes about 155 genera.
Michel Hayek
Michel Hayek (Arabic: ميشال حايك) is a Lebanese psychic and clairvoyant, who created a lot of controversies through his traditional yearly New Year's Eve's television predictions appearances, which started on the LBC, and later MTV. Some have called him Nostradamus of the Middle East.

MTV (Lebanon)
Murr Television, marketed and known as MTV Lebanon, is a Lebanese television station based in Naccache, Metn District. It was founded in 1991 by businessman Gabriel Murr (brother of Lebanese politician Michel Murr) as an independent channel emphasizing local programming while also broadcasting Arab and Western content. From its early stages, MTV states that it sought to represent the "complexity and richness" of Lebanese viewers’ identities, placing special focus on local programming while acquiring foreign formats under a self-regulatory code of ethics.
Beer Ajam
Beer Ajam (Arabic: بئر عجم, romanized: Biʾr ʿAjam, lit. 'Non-Arabs' Spring', also spelled Bir Ajam) is a Syrian Circassian village in the Quneitra Governorate in the Golan Heights. It has been inhabited for about 150 years. Its first houses were built in 1872. Nearby localities include Quneitra to the north, Naba al-Sakhr to the northeast, al-Harra to the east, Namer to the southeast and Bariqa to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Beer Ajam had a population of 353 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are Circassians from the Abadzekh and Kebertei tribes.

Ajam
ʿAjam (Arabic: عجم, lit. 'mute') is an Arabic word for a non-Arab, especially a Persian.: 26–27  It was historically used as a pejorative—figuratively ascribing muteness to those whose native language is not Arabic—during and after the Muslim conquest of Iran. Since the early Muslim conquests, it has been adopted in various non-Arabic languages, such as Turkish, Azerbaijani, Chechen, Kurdish, Malay, Sindhi, Urdu, Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Kashmiri, and Swahili. Today, the terms ʿAjam and ʿAjamī continue to be used to refer to anyone or anything Iranian, particularly in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf. Communities speaking the Persian language in the Arab world exist among the Iraqis, the Kuwaitis, and the Bahrainis, in addition to others. A number of Arabs with Iranian heritage may have the surname ʿAjamī (عجمي), which has the same meaning as the original word.
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaeidae, common name the pond snails, is  a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila.

Lymnaeidae is the only family within the superfamily Lymnaeoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Internal transcribed spacer
Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the spacer DNA situated between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes in the chromosome or the corresponding transcribed region in the polycistronic rRNA precursor transcript.
Sierreño
Sierreño or Sierreña, is a subgenre of regional Mexican music. It is derived from Norteño music and is based on melodic lines along with the composition of mainly guitar and sometimes accordion.

The genre is widely popular in Mexico and in Mexican-American communities in the United States. The genre experienced a rise in popularity among Generation Z. The repertoire of sierreño groups is different in tradition than that of norteño groups; it includes rancheras and corridos, also adaptations of ballads and almost all genres of Latin American music.

The instruments most widely used in sierreño music include the twelve-string guitar, acoustic guitar, and electric bass. Less common instruments include the button accordion, acoustic bass, tololoche, sousaphone, tenor horn, trombone, and alto saxophone.

Tenor horn
The tenor horn (British English; alto horn in American English, sometimes E♭ horn) is a brass instrument in the saxhorn family pitched in E♭ with three piston valves. It has a bore that is moderately conical, like the cornet and baritone, and normally uses a deep funnel-shaped mouthpiece. In Europe it is known as the Althorn and has rotary valves and an oval shape.

It is most commonly used to play inner harmonies and off-beats in British brass bands and Mexican banda music, reading transposing treble clef, whereas the horn dominates in concert bands and orchestras. In the late 20th century it began to be considered as a serious solo voice, and has amassed a repertoire of contemporary concertos and other solo works.
Damn Small Linux
Damn Small Linux (DSL) is a Linux distribution for the x86 family of personal computers. It is free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU GPL and other free and open-source licenses. DSL is designed to run graphical user interface applications on older PC hardware, but the exact specifications required differ significantly between the original version and the modern version.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
2026 VFL season
The 2026 VFL season is the upcoming 144th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), a second-tier Australian rules football competition played in the states of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania. The season is scheduled to begin on 20 March and conclude on 20 September.

2001 VFL season
The 2001 VFL season was the 120th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), a second-tier Australian rules football competition played in the states of Victoria and Tasmania. The season featured 16 clubs and ran from 7 April to 23 September, comprising a 20-match home-and-away season followed by a four-week finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

Box Hill won the top division premiership for the first time, defeating Werribee by 37 points in the 2001 VFL Grand Final. It was Box Hill's third overall senior VFA/VFL premiership, following second division premierships in 1984 and 1986.
Sverre Riisnæs
Sverre Parelius Riisnæs (6 November 1897 – 21 June 1988) was a Norwegian lawyer and public prosecutor. A member of Nasjonal Samling, he was Minister of Justice in the collaborationist government of Vidkun Quisling in occupied Norway during World War II, and a Standartenführer (Colonel) in the Schutzstaffel.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Yasshmita Jadishkumar
Yasshmita Jadishkumar, also known as Jadish Kumar Yasshmita, (born 28 July 2004 in Johor) is a Malaysian squash player. She reached a career high ranking of 69 in the world during February 2024.

She won the 2023 Victorian Open and the 2023 Shepparton International, and qualified for the 2023 World Squash Championships.

In April 2025, Jadishkumar won her 3rd PSA title after securing victory in the Yokohama Open during the 2024–25 PSA Squash Tour and won a 4th (the Swiss Open) during the 2025–26 PSA Squash Tour.

World Squash Championships
The World Squash Championships are squash events, which since the early 1990s have been held annually for both men and women organised by the Professional Squash Association. The men's event was first held in 1976 in London, England and the women's was inaugurated in 1976 in Brisbane, Australia.
Well of Souls
The Well of Souls (Hebrew: בור הרוחות, romanized: Bor ha-Rukhot, Arabic: بئر الأرواح, romanized: Biʾr al-Arwaḥ; sometimes translated Pit of Souls, Cave of Spirits, or Well of Spirits) is a partly natural, partly man-made cave located inside the Foundation Stone ("Noble Rock" in Islam) under the Dome of the Rock shrine on the Temple Mount (Haram al-Sharif) in Jerusalem. During the Crusader period, it was known to Christians as the "Holy of Holies", referring to the inner sanctum of the former Jewish Temple, which, according to modern scholarship, was probably located on top of the Foundation Stone.

The name "Well of Souls" derives from a medieval Islamic legend that at this place the spirits of the dead can be heard awaiting Judgment Day, although this is not a mainstream view in Sunni Islam. The name has also been applied to a depression in the floor of this cave and a hypothetical chamber that may exist beneath it.

Ibn al-Faqih
Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadani (Persian: احمد بن محمد ابن فقيه همدانی) (fl. 902) was a 10th-century Persian historian and geographer, famous for his Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan ("Concise Book of Lands") written in Arabic.

In the 1870s the Dutch orientalist Michael Jan de Goeje edited a selection of geography works of Arab geographers in an eight-volume series titled Bibliotheca geographorum Arabicorum published by Lugduni-Batavae (Leiden) Brill publishers.  Al-Hamadhānī's Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan was published in volume 5 of this series.

In 1967 second editions were printed by Dar Sadir (Beirut) and E.J. Brill (Lugduni Batavorum).
Muhammad Nari
Muhammad Nari is a town and union council in Charsadda District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. It is located at 34°14'4N 71°50'20E and has an altitude of 318 metres (1046 feet).

It is the location of the discovery of an important piece of Gandharan Buddhist art, the Muhammad Nari Stele. It is among the finest examples of this variety of Stele, and is significant, as described by French historian Alfred Foucher for its purportedly novel showing of an iconic physical Buddha as compared to earlier aniconic depictions. This view has come into controversy in recent years, being described as potentially colonialist, ascribing the accomplishments of an Asian artistic tradition to Greek influence through Alexander the Great.

Alfred Charles Auguste Foucher
Alfred Charles Auguste Foucher (1865–1952), was a French scholar, who argued that the Buddha image has Greek origins. He has been called the "father of Gandhara studies", and is a much-cited scholar on ancient Buddhism in northwest Indian subcontinent and the Hindu Kush region.
Yeatman
Yeatman (/jeɪtmən/ YATE-man) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Yeatman (1839–1901), American baseball player

Eric Morgan Yeatman, English engineer

Hoyt Yeatman (born 1955), visual effects artist

Huyshe Yeatman-Biggs (1845–1922), influential Anglican clergyman

James E. Yeatman (1818–1901), American banker and philanthropist

John Pym Yeatman (1830–1910), barrister and influential proponent of British Israelism

Pope Yeatman (1861–1953), American mining engineer

R. J. Yeatman (1897–1968), British humorist

Rex Yeatman (1919–1995), English cricketer

Timothy J. Yeatman (born 1958), American oncologist

Thomas Yeatman (1787–1833), American industrialist and banker

Will Yeatman (born 1988), American football tight end

Eric Morgan Yeatman
Eric Morgan Yeatman FREng  FIET FIMMM is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at Imperial College London in London, UK.  He is an expert in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and was the co-founder and Director of Microsaic Systems.
Cold Sweat (1970 film)
Cold Sweat is a 1970 action thriller film starring Charles Bronson and directed by Terence Young. A French-Italian international co-production, it is based on the 1959 novel Ride the Nightmare by Richard Matheson. It was filmed in and around Beaulieu-sur-Mer.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
Tommy Smith (DJ)
Tommy Smith (born November 4, 1954), formerly known as “The Outlaw” and “TC Starr”, was a radio DJ in Little Rock, Arkansas. Tommy is most known for his first long-running morning show "The Rock ‘N’ Roll Breakfast" with co-host Big Dave at Magic 105 (105.1 FM), as well as his second long-running morning show "The Show With No Name" with co-host David Bazzel on KABZ 103.7 The Buzz. Smith is a 1972 graduate of Little Rock Central High School, and a veteran of the U.S. Army. Smith announced late in 2021 that he had developed the neuro-immune disorder myasthenia gravis. His final show was December 31 of that year. Fans still refer to Smith as "Outlaw”, and he is considered a legend in central Arkansas radio. Smith has been married for many years to his wife Karen.

Tommy currently hosts a weekly podcast with Big Dave and longtime sidekick, Danny-Joe Crofford. The Rock ‘N’ Roll Breakfast Uncensored Podcast can be heard on Spotify.

KABZ
KABZ (103.7 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station in Little Rock, Arkansas. The station is owned by Signal Media and the broadcast license is held by Signal Media of Arkansas, Inc. KABZ airs a sports radio format, known as "103.7 The Buzz." The station's studios are located on Cottondale Lane, just west of downtown along the south shore of the Arkansas River (David D. Terry Lake). The transmitter is located on Shinall Mountain, near the Chenal Valley neighborhood of Little Rock.

On weekdays, KABZ airs local sports shows from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. Nights and weekends, the station carries the ESPN Radio Network. KATV, Little Rock's ABC Network affiliate, supplies news and weather updates. Some KABZ local sports shows are also heard on other Arkansas sports radio stations.
Wais Barmak
Wais Ahmad Barmak (born 1972) is an Afghan politician who served as the Minister of Interior. Prior to that, he served as Minister for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Affairs of Afghanistan and as Minister of Rural Rehabilitation and Development.

Cabinet of Afghanistan
The Cabinet of Afghanistan (also known as the Council of Ministers) is the executive body of the government of the country, responsible for day-to-day governance and the implementation of policy set by the Leadership. In its modern form it has existed since the beginning of the reign of Emir Amanullah Khan in 1919.

The cabinet is headed by the prime minister—who serves as the nation's head of government—and his deputies, and consists of the heads and deputy heads of the government ministries.
Superiority complex
A superiority complex is a defense mechanism that develops over time to help a person cope with feelings of inferiority. The term was coined by Alfred Adler (1870–1937) in the early 1900s, as part of his school of individual psychology.

Individuals with a superiority complex typically come across as supercilious, haughty, and disdainful toward others. They may treat others in an imperious, overbearing, and even aggressive manner.

In everyday usage, the term is often used to refer to an overly high opinion of oneself.

Defence mechanism
In psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that  protect the self from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings related to internal conflicts and external stressors. We automatically use defences to protect ourselves from threats and affects to maintain psychological balance and homeostasis. Defenses are automatic responses to external stressors or internal conflicts.

Healthy people have a fully developed sense of "object constancy", knowing that bad and good can exist at the same time in the same person. A defense mechanism can become pathological when its persistent use leads to maladaptive behaviour such that the physical or mental health of the individual is adversely affected. Among the purposes of defense mechanisms is to protect the mind/self/ego from anxiety or to provide a refuge from a situation with which one cannot cope at that moment.
Sandy Creek (Mississippi)
Sandy Creek is a right-bank tributary of the Homochitto River in Adams County, Mississippi, United States. Sandy Creek was one of the first places where white settlers and their black slaves set up farming in the colonial-era Natchez District. The Sandy Creek Wildlife Management Area, part of the Homochitto National Forest, is believed to host a population of Louisiana black bear.

Homochitto National Forest
Homochitto National Forest is a U.S. National Forest in southwestern Mississippi comprising 191,839 acres (776.34 km2).  In the mid-1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) began reforestation of the area and developing a system of roadways and recreational areas.
Tournament of Champions 2011
The Men's J. P. Morgan Tournament of Champions 2011 is the men's edition of the 2011 Tournament of Champions, which is a PSA World Series event Gold (Prize money: $115,000). The event took place at the Grand Central Terminal in New York City in the United States from 21 January to 27 January. Ramy Ashour won his second Tournament of Champions trophy, beating Nick Matthew in the final.

Ramy Ashour
Ramy Mohamed Ashour (Arabic: رَامِي مُحَمَّد عَاشُور; born September 30, 1987, in Cairo, Egypt), is a retired professional squash player from Egypt. Widely considered as one of the greatest squash players of all time, having won three World titles in 2008, 2012 and 2014. He became the youngest player to reach number one in the world since the 1980s, as well as the first ever two-time World Junior Squash Champion.
Pedois amaurophanes
Pedois amaurophanes is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1947. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.

The wingspan is about 22 mm. The costal edge of the forewings, towards the base, is tinged with pink. The ground colour is whitish sprinkled with fuscous, which tends to form streaks on the veins. The hindwings are whitish grey.

Alfred Jefferis Turner
Alfred Jefferis Turner (3 October 1861 in Canton – 29 December 1947 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) was a pediatrician and amateur entomologist. He was the son of missionary Frederick Storrs-Turner. He introduced the use of diphtheria antitoxin to Australia in 1895, and resided in Dauphin Terrace, Highgate Hill, Brisbane.

The Jefferis Turner Centre for mothercraft was opened in 1952 as part of the Queensland Government's Maternal and Child Welfare program. In 1986, its role was changed to provide short-term respite care for intellectually disabled children. It is located in the heritage building Fairy Knoll in Ipswich.