hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicolás Petro
Nicolás Fernando Petro Burgos (born June 21, 1986) is a Colombian politician and lawyer who served as a Departamental Deputy of Atlántico from 2020 to 2023. A member of the Petro family and the Humane Colombia Party, he is the eldest son of the 35th Colombian president, Gustavo Petro, and Katia Burgos.

After graduating with a law degree from the Pontifical Bolivarian University, Petro entered politics, obtaining the nomination for Governor of Atlántico in the 2024 election.

Humane Colombia
Humane Colombia (Spanish: Colombia Humana), formerly known as the Progressive Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Progresistas), is a Colombian left-wing political movement and party founded in 2011 and led by President Gustavo Petro. The youth wing of the party is known as Juventud Humana (Humane Youth).
Challenor (surname)
Challenor is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aimee Challenor (born 1997), British politician and transgender activist

Edward Challenor (1873–1935), British Army officer and cricketer

George Challenor (1888–1947), West Indian cricketer

Harold Challenor (1922–2008), police officer

Herschelle Sullivan Challenor (born 1938), foreign policy expert, international civil servant, university administrator, and activist

Jenna Challenor (born 1981), South African long-distance runner

Tracey Challenor, journalist, media consultant, news presenter, and reporter

Jenna Challenor
Jenna Leigh Challenor (born 6 July 1981) is a South African long-distance runner. She competed in the marathon event at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, UK, finishing 59th.

Her personal best times are 1:14:19 in the half marathon (2014); and 2:36:50 in the marathon (2020).
P with stroke
Ᵽ (minuscule: ᵽ) or "P with stroke" is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from P with the addition of a stroke, usually through the bowl but sometimes through the descender. It is used in some phonetic transcription systems, such as the Americanist phonetic notation, to represent a fricative [ɸ].

In 1987 ᵽ was adopted for writing the Tanimuca-Retuarã language, where it represents either a fricative or a stop depending on the dialect.

PotCoin uses a design of the P with stroke as a symbol of its digital cryptocurrency.

There is also a P with stroke through descender Ꝑ (minuscule: ꝑ) used in the medieval period as a scribal abbreviation for per, par-, por-.

Bar (diacritic)
A bar or stroke is a modification consisting of a line drawn through a grapheme. It may be used as a diacritic to derive new letters from old ones, or simply as an addition to make a grapheme more distinct from others. It can take the form of a vertical bar, slash, or crossbar.

A stroke is sometimes drawn through the numerals 7 (horizontal overbar) and 0 (overstruck foreslash), to make them more distinguishable from the number 1 and the letter O, respectively. (In some typefaces, one or other or both of these characters are designed in these styles; they are not produced by overstrike or by combining diacritic. The normal way in most of Europe to write the number seven is with a bar. )

In medieval English scribal abbreviations, a stroke or bar was used to indicate abbreviation. For example, the pound sign ⟨£⟩, is  (a  blackletter ⟨L⟩), with a cross bar.

For the specific usages of various letters with bars and strokes, see their individual articles.
John S. Penn
John Stanton Penn (November 19, 1926 - November 1, 2013) was an American politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from the 16th Legislative District from 1984 to 1994.

Born in Brooklyn and raised in Westfield, New Jersey. Penn attended the Wardlaw School (since renamed as the Wardlaw-Hartridge School) and Columbia College. He resided in Far Hills, New Jersey and lived in Bedminster, New Jersey at the time of his death.

Columbia College, Columbia University
Columbia College is the oldest undergraduate college of Columbia University, a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.

Columbia was established as a colonial college by royal charter under George II of Great Britain. It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution, and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by alumni Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.

Columbia College is distinctive for its comprehensive Core Curriculum and is among the most selective of American colleges, with an admission rate of 3.85% in 2024.
Battle of Selinus
The Battle of Selinus, which took place early in 409 BC, is the opening  battle of the so-called Second Sicilian War. The ten-day-long siege and battle was fought in Sicily between the Carthaginian forces under Hannibal Mago (a king of Carthage of the Magonid family, not the famous Hannibal of the Barcid family) and the Dorian Greeks of Selinus. The city of Selinus had defeated the Elymian city of Segesta in 415, an event that led to the Athenian invasion of Sicily in 415 and ended in the defeat of Athenian forces in 413. When Selinus again worsted Segesta in 411, Carthage, responding to the appeal of Segesta, had besieged and sacked Selinus after the Carthaginian offer of negotiations had been refused by the Greeks. This was the first step towards Hannibal's campaign to avenge the Carthaginian defeat at the first battle of Himera in 480. The city of Selinus was later rebuilt, but never regained her former status.

Naxos (Sicily)
Naxos or Naxus (Ancient Greek: Νάξος) was an ancient Greek city of Magna Graecia, presently situated in modern Giardini Naxos near Taormina on the east coast of Sicily.

Much of the site has never been built on and parts have been excavated in recent years.

Its remains are open to the public and an on-site museum contains many finds.
Alexander Raichev
Alexander Raichev (Bulgarian: Александър Райчев) (11 April 1922 – 28 October 2003) was a Bulgarian music educator and composer.

Raichev was born in Lom, Bulgaria, and studied with Pancho Vladigerov at the State Musical Academy in Sofia where he graduated in 1947. He then studied with Zoltán Kodály and Janos Ferencsik at the Budapest Conservatory from 1949-50. After completing his studies, he taught at the Bulgarian State Conservatory, serving as Rector from 1970 to 1978. Notable students include Rosica Petkova.

In 1969 Vasheto prisatvie (Your Presence) was the earliest Bulgarian radio opera to be broadcast.

Radio opera
Radio opera (German: Funkoper or Radiooper) is a genre of opera. It refers to operas which were specifically composed to be performed on the radio and is not to be confused with broadcasts of operas which were originally written for the stage. Radio operas were generally shorter than staged operas and some occupied less than fifteen minutes. Plots were usually more straightforward than those of stage operas.
Bengt Nölting
Bengt Nölting (1 May 1962 – 16 September 2009) was a German physicist and biophysicist who pioneered various methods in biophysics and engineering. Achievements include studying biological macromolecules, the development of self-evolving computer programs, and the development new energy technologies. From 1994–1997 Nölting was scientist at Cambridge University and the Cambridge Centre for Protein Engineering (UK) where he developed, together with Sir Alan R. Fersht, methods for the high resolution of protein folding.

Alan Fersht
Sir Alan Roy Fersht (born 21 April 1943) is a British chemist at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, and an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge. He was Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge from 2012 to 2018. He works at the interface of chemistry, molecular biology and biophysics on protein science, and is sometimes described as a founder of protein engineering.
Parmalat FC
Parmalat Fútbol Club was a Nicaraguan football team that played at the top level. It is based in Managua. They played several seasons in the Primera División de Nicaragua however in the 2004 season the club were folded after suffering from severe financial difficulties.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
Section 21 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section 21 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 21 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating to the composition of the Senate of Canada, the upper house of the federal Parliament of Canada. The section provides that the total number of senators is 105. Section 21 originally provided that the Senate would be composed of 72 senators, but that number has gradually increased as new provinces and territories joined Confederation.

The Constitution Act, 1867 is the constitutional statute which established Canada.  Originally named the British North America Act, 1867, the Act continues to be the foundational statute for the Constitution of Canada, although it has been amended many times since 1867.  It is now recognised as part of the supreme law of Canada.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Richard G. Thomas
Richard G. Thomas (April 2, 1930 – June 19, 2006) was an American test pilot, who flew the Tacit Blue, and several spin tests on the F-5F program, including the first flights on both aircraft for the Northrop Corporation.

Kansas Air National Guard
The Kansas Air National Guard (KS ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Kansas, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Kansas Army National Guard, an element of the Kansas National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Kansas Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Kansas through the office of the Adjutant General of Kansas unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.  The Kansas Air National Guard is headquartered in Topeka, and its commander is currently Brigadier General Bradley S. Link.
Mount Lapithas
Lapithas (Greek: Λαπίθας) is a mountain located in southern Elis in the western Peloponnese in Greece. The mountain is named after the legendary people, the Lapiths. In the west the mountain touches the Ionian Sea. It is 15 to 20 km long and 10 km wide and covers and area of 100 to 150 km². A large part of the mountain is covered with pine forests, but has suffered great damage in the forest fires of August 2007.

The Kaiafas Lake lies between the Lapithas and the Ionian Sea, northwest of the town Zacharo. The Greek National Road 76 (Megalopoli - Andritsaina - Krestena) passes northeast of the Lapithas, and the Greek National Road 9/E55 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kalamata) lies to the west.

Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Adriatic Sea to the north, and is bounded by Southern Italy, including Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania (and western Apulia, Italy) to the north, and the west coast of Greece, including the Peloponnese.

All major islands in the sea, which are located in the east of the sea, belong to Greece. They are collectively named the Ionian Islands, the main ones being Corfu, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Lefkada, and Ithaca.

There are ferry routes between Patras and Igoumenitsa, Greece, and Brindisi and Ancona, Italy, that cross the east and north of the Ionian Sea, and from Piraeus westward. Calypso Deep, the deepest point in the Mediterranean at 5,109 m (16,762 ft), is in the Ionian Sea, at 36°34′N 21°8′E﻿ / ﻿36.567°N 21.133°E﻿ / 36.567; 21.133. The sea is one of the most seismically active areas in the world.
Priyanka Joshi
Priyanka Joshi is a biochemist who is a research fellow at University of California, Berkeley, where she studies calorie restriction and its effect upon lifespan.  Previously, she was an Everitt Butterfield research fellow at Downing College, Cambridge, where she worked at the university's Centre for Misfolding Diseases studying the metabolic precursors which influence the aggregation of proteins such as amyloid beta, which are thought to cause Alzheimer's disease. In 2018, she was listed in the Forbes "30 under 30" list of innovators in science and healthcare and the Vogue 25 list of influential women in Britain.

Calorie restriction
Calorie restriction (CR, also known as caloric restriction or energy restriction) is a dietary regimen that reduces the energy intake from foods and beverages without incurring malnutrition. The possible effect of calorie restriction on body weight management, longevity, and aging-associated diseases has been an active area of research.
Urkhnishcha
Urkhnishcha (Russian: Урхнища; Dargwa: Урхьниша) is a rural locality (a selo) in Urarinsky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 290 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Dargwa language
Dargwa (дарган мез, dargan mez) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. This article discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin.
Luigi Falco
Luigi Falco (21 March 1951 – 3 February 2013) was an Italian politician and doctor.

He was member of the Christian Democratic Centre Party. He has served as Mayor of Caserta from 1997 to 2005. He was elected mayor of Caserta to the administrative of 1997. He was again candidate for mayor for Popolari UDEUR. He was re-elected for a second term in the 2002 elections. He fell out of office as mayor in December 2005.

Union of Democrats for Europe
The Union of Democrats for Europe (Italian: Unione Democratici per l'Europa, UDEUR), also known as UDEUR Populars (Popolari UDEUR), was a minor centrist, Christian-democratic political party in Italy.

Led by Clemente Mastella, minister of Labour in Berlusconi I Cabinet (1994–1995), minister of Justice in Prodi II Cabinet (2006–2008) and current mayor of Benevento (since 2016), the party has been at times very strong in Southern Italy, but almost irrelevant in Northern Italy. After a decline in terms of popularity in 2007–2008, the party resisted only in Campania, Mastella's heartland, and few other regions. The party was briefly revived in the run-up of the 2018 general election.
Ring of sets
In mathematics, there are two different notions of a ring of sets, both referring to certain families of sets.

In order theory, a nonempty family of sets  is called a ring (of sets) if it is closed under union and intersection.  That is, the following two statements are true for all sets  and ,

implies  and

implies

In measure theory, a nonempty family of sets  is called a ring (of sets) if it is closed under union and relative complement (set-theoretic difference). That is, the following two statements are true for all sets  and ,

implies  and

implies

This implies that a ring in the measure-theoretic sense always contains the empty set. Furthermore, for all sets A and B,

which shows that a family of sets closed under relative complement is also closed under intersection, so that a ring in the measure-theoretic sense is also a ring in the order-theoretic sense.

Order theory
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that".
Litwack
Litwack is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Georgia Litwack (1922–2020), American photographer and photojournalist

Harry Litwack (1907–1999), American basketball coach

Leon Litwack (1929–2021), American historian

Katherine Litwack (born 1986), birth name of Kat Dennings, American actress

Kat Dennings
Katherine Victoria Litwack (born June 13, 1986), known professionally as Kat Dennings, is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Max Black in the CBS sitcom 2 Broke Girls (2011–2017) and as Darcy Lewis in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) superhero films and television franchise beginning with Thor (2011).

Since making her acting debut in 2000, Dennings has appeared in films including The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Big Momma's House 2 (2006), Charlie Bartlett (2007), The House Bunny (2008), Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist (2008), Shorts (2009), Defendor (2009), and Suburban Gothic (2014).
Kogi, Kogi State
Kogi is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria bounded by Niger State and the Niger River in the west, the Federal Capital Territory in the north, Nasarawa State in the east and the Benue River to its confluence with the Niger in the south. Its headquarters are in the town of Koton Karfe (or Koton Karifi) on the A2 highway.

It has an area of 1,498 km2 and a population of 115,900 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 260.

Koton Karfe
Koton Karfe (Egbura igu) is the headquarters of Kogi Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria and is located on latitude 8.1046°N and longitude 6.7976°E and in the Northern part of the Nigeria between Lokoja and Abuja.
Koton Karfe is predominantly inhabited by the Egbura Kotos even though other tribes (Ebiras, Yorubas, Igbos, Bassas, Nupes etc.) can be found in small proportions all over the community. The community's traditional government is overseen by the Ohimegye (saluted Agaba Idu!) and is assisted in governance by his chiefs, prominent men from all over the kingdom.
A democratically elected chairman heads the Local Government's Area Council.
Monselice railway station
Monselice railway station (Italian: Stazione di Monselice) is a railway station serving the town of Monselice, in the Veneto region, northeastern Italy.

The station opened in 1866 and lies on the Padua–Bologna and Mantova–Monselice railway lines.

Padua–Bologna railway
The Padua–Bologna railway is an important railway line in Italy that joins the city of Padua to Bologna, passing through Rovigo and Ferrara. The infrastructure is managed by RFI, which classifies it as a primary line.
Marumaru Atua
Marumaru Atua ("under the protection of God") is a reconstruction of a vaka moana, a double-hulled Polynesian voyaging canoe. It was built in 2009 by the Okeanos Foundation for the Sea. In 2014, it was gifted to the Cook Islands Voyaging Society. It is used to teach polynesian navigation.

The vaka is recognised as a cultural treasure and is commemorated on the Cook Islands $5 coin.

Culture of Polynesia
The culture of Polynesia involves the culture of the indigenous peoples of Polynesia who share common traits in language, customs and society. The development of Polynesian culture is typically divided into four different historical eras:

Exploration and settlement (c. 1800 BC – c. AD 700)

Development in isolation (c. 700–1595)

European encounter and colonization until World War II (1595–1946)

Post-World War II period
2024 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup
The 2024 Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup was the fourteenth season of the GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup since its inception in 2011 as the Blancpain Endurance Series. The season began on 7 April at Circuit Paul Ricard and ended on 30 November at Jeddah Corniche Circuit.

2011 Blancpain Endurance Series
The 2011 Blancpain Endurance Series season was the inaugural season of the Blancpain Endurance Series, the sports car racing series developed by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation and the Royal Automobile Club of Belgium (RACB) with approval from the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).

The season commenced on 17 April at Monza and concluded on 9 October at Silverstone.
2004 Advance Auto Parts 500
The 2004 Advance Auto Parts 500 was the eighth stock car race of the 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series. It was held on April 18, 2004, at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia before a crowd of 91,000. The 500-lap race was won by Rusty Wallace of Penske-Jasper Racing after starting 17th; it was Wallace's 55th and final career victory. Bobby Labonte finished 2nd and Dale Earnhardt Jr. came in 3rd.

Team Penske
Team Penske (formerly known as Penske Racing) is an American professional auto racing organization that competes in the IndyCar Series, NASCAR Cup Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, and the FIA World Endurance Championship. The team made its competitive debut at the 1966 24 Hours of Daytona and has since participated in a wide range of professional motorsport disciplines, including Formula One, Can-Am, Trans-Am, and Australia's Supercars Championship. Over the course of its history, Team Penske has amassed more than 500 race victories and secured over 40 championships across various categories of auto racing. The team operates as a division of Penske Corporation and is owned and chaired by Roger Penske.
I, E.T.
"I, E.T." is the second episode from the first season of the television series Farscape, written by Sally Lapiduss and directed by Pino Amenta.  This episode originally aired following "Thank God It's Friday, Again", episode #6.

Sally Lapiduss
Sally Lapiduss (born c. 1956) is an American television producer and writer.

Her credits include Charles in Charge, Family Matters, Mad About You, Ellen, The Nanny, Caroline in the City, Farscape, Titus, The Tracy Morgan Show and Hannah Montana. She was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards for her work on the latter series, as a part of the producing and writing team.

She is the sister of fellow producer and writer Maxine Lapiduss. Both sisters are openly lesbian. In the first few years of her career she worked with Pamela Eells O'Connell until 1995.

Lapiduss is a 1974 graduate of Taylor Allderdice High School in Pittsburgh and worked at the Pittsburgh Public Theater in the late 1970s when she was "discovered" by Katharine Hepburn when she arrived in town to see a production of the Seagull, Lapiduss became Hepburn's assistant.
Due note
Due note is an album by Italian singer Mina, issued in 1961.

The song "Piano" is the original version of "Softly, as I Leave You", translated in English by Hal Shaper in 1961. The English version of the song has been covered by many international artists, such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Elvis Presley, Shirley Bassey, Shirley Horn and Michael Bublé.

Leon René's song, "Gloria", has been covered by Mina a second time, in its original version, in her 1987's album Rane supreme.

Softly, as I Leave You (song)
"Softly, as I Leave You" is a popular Italian song, originally titled Piano, composed by Tony De Vita with Italian lyrics by Giorgio Calabrese, and English lyrics by Hal Shaper. Notable English versions were recorded by Frank Sinatra and Matt Monro