hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhammad al-Nasir
Muhammad al-Nasir (Arabic: محمد الناصر, Muḥammad an-Nāṣir, c. 1182 – 1213) was the fourth Almohad Caliph from 1199 until his death. Contemporary Christians referred to him as Miramamolín. He took the regnal title of al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh.

On 25 January 1199, al-Nasir's father Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur died; al-Nasir was proclaimed the new Caliph that very day. Al-Nasir inherited from his father an empire that was showing signs of instability. Because of his father's victories against the Christians in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus), he was temporarily relieved from serious threats on that front and able to concentrate on combating and defeating Banu Ghaniya attempts to seize Ifriqiya (Tunisia). Needing, after this, to deal with problems elsewhere in the empire, he appointed Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as the governor of Ifriqiya, so unwittingly inaugurating the rule of the Hafsid dynasty there, which lasted until 1574.

Banu Ghaniya
The Banu Ghaniya were a Massufa Sanhaja Berber dynasty and a branch of the Almoravids. Their first leader, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf, a son of Ali ibn Yusuf al-Massufi and the Almoravid Princess Ghaniya, was appointed as governor of the Balearic Islands in 1126. Following the collapse of the Almoravid power at the hand of the Almohads in the 1140s, the Banu Ghaniya continued to govern the Balearic Islands as independent emirs until about 1203, with a brief interruption in the 1180s. Later leaders (Ali ibn Ishaq and Yahya) made a determined attempt to reconquer the Maghreb (and in particular Ifriqiya), taking Bougie, Constantine and Algiers, and conquering most of modern Tunisia from about 1180 onwards.

They were influential in the downfall of the Almohad Empire in Eastern Maghrib. In Tunisia, Ali ibn Ishaq adhered to the Abbasid Caliphate and was formally appointed by Al-Mustadi with the title of "heir of the Almoravids".
Havells
Havells India Limited is an Indian multinational electrical equipment company, based in Noida. The company manufactures home appliances, lighting for domestic, commercial and industrial applications, LED lighting, fans, modular switches and wiring accessories, water heaters, industrial and domestic circuit protection switchgear, industrial and domestic cables and wires, induction motors, and capacitors among others. Havells owns brands like Havells, Lloyd, Crabtree, Standard Electric, Reo and Promptec.

The company has 23 branches or representative offices with over 6,000 workers in over 50 countries. As of 2016, it has 11 manufacturing plants in India located at Haridwar, Baddi, Noida, Faridabad, Alwar, Neemrana, and Bengaluru.

Induction motor
An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor that produces torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor therefore needs no electrical connections to the rotor. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type.

Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used as industrial drives because they are self-starting, reliable, and economical. Single-phase induction motors are used extensively for smaller loads, such as garbage disposals and stationary power tools. Although traditionally used for constant-speed service, single- and three-phase induction motors are increasingly being installed in variable-speed applications using variable-frequency drives (VFD). VFD offers energy savings opportunities for induction motors in applications like fans, pumps, and compressors that have a variable load.
Yorktown Center
Yorktown Center is a shopping mall located in the village of Lombard, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, United States.  The mall features JCPenney and Von Maur anchors, as well as an 18-screen dine-in AMC Theatres on an outparcel.

Pad site
A pad site or outparcel is a freestanding parcel of commercial real estate located in the front of a larger shopping center or strip mall. Desirable because of their visibility to consumers, accessibility, and the ease of facilitating drive-thru service, pad sites are typically sought after by banks, casual dining, and fast food restaurants. Pad sites usually range between 2,000 and 75,000 square feet (190 and 6,970 m2). They can be ground leased by developers or purchased outright. The former offers a lower up-front cost, but the user is unable to use the land as collateral to finance building expenses because pad sites do not have their own legal address. The latter requires a larger capital investment, but provides the user an appreciable asset.
Motion to strike (United States Congress)
A motion to strike is an amendment which seeks to delete language from a bill proposed in either the House of Representatives or Senate of the United States Congress, or to delete language from an earlier amendment.

It is one of three types of amendments; the other two are motion to insert, and motion to strike and insert.

A motion to strike the last word is a pro forma amendment under the "five minute rule", formally proposing to remove the last word from the text under consideration, but in practical terms simply seeking an additional five minutes to speak.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
Mount Ramsay
Mount Ramsay (60°45′S 44°45′W﻿ / ﻿60.750°S 44.750°W﻿ / -60.750; -44.750) is a peak, 475 m, standing at the west side of Uruguay Cove on the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands. Charted by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, 1902–04, and named for Allan Ramsay, chief engineer of the expedition ship Scotia, who died on August 6, 1903, and was buried at the foot of the peak.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Ramsay". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Laurie Island
Laurie Island is the second largest of the South Orkney Islands. The island is claimed by both Argentina as part of Argentine Antarctica, and by the United Kingdom as part of the British Antarctic Territory. Under the Antarctic Treaty System all sovereignty claims are suspended, as the island lies south of the parallel 60°. Buchanan Point at the north-eastern end of the island, with Cape Whitson on its south coast, are Important Bird Areas.
Arthur Henderson
Arthur Henderson (13 September 1863 – 20 October 1935) was a British iron moulder and Labour politician. He was the first Labour cabinet minister, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1934 and, uniquely, served three separate terms as Leader of the Labour Party in three different decades, and was elected to parliament in five by-elections in different constituencies. He was popular among his colleagues, who called him "Uncle Arthur" in acknowledgement of his integrity, his devotion to the cause and his imperturbability. He was a transitional figure whose policies were, at first, close to those of the Liberal Party. The trades unions rejected his emphasis on arbitration and conciliation, and thwarted his goal of unifying the Labour Party and the trade unions.

Cabinet of the United Kingdom
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of the Government of the United Kingdom. A committee of the Privy Council, it is chaired by the prime minister as the monarch's most senior adviser, and its members include secretaries of state and senior ministers of state. Members of the Cabinet are appointed by the prime minister and are by convention chosen from members of the two houses of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The Ministerial Code says that the business of the Cabinet (and cabinet committees) is mainly questions of major issues of policy, questions of critical importance to the public and questions on which there is an unresolved argument between departments.

The work of the Cabinet is scrutinised by the Shadow Cabinet, made up of members of the Official Opposition.
HMS Amphitrite
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Amphitrite, or HMS Amfitrite, after Amphitrite, a sea goddess of Greek mythology:

HMS Amphitrite (1778) was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1778 and wrecked in 1794.

HMS Amphitrite was a 28-gun sixth rate launched in 1778 as HMS Pomona (1778).  She was renamed Amphitrite in 1795 and was broken up in 1811.

HMS Amphitrite (1799) was a 40-gun fifth rate captured from the Dutch in 1799.  She was renamed Imperieuse in 1801 and was broken up in 1805.

HMS Amfitrite (1804) was a 38-gun fifth rate captured by HMS Donegal from the Spanish in 1804. She was renamed Blanche in 1805 and was wrecked in 1807.

HMS Amphitrite (1816) was a fifth rate launched in 1816.  She was lent to contractors in 1862 and was broken up in 1875.

HMS Amphitrite (1898) was a Diadem-class armoured cruiser launched in 1898.  She was converted into a minelayer in 1917 and was sold in 1920.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Lars Horntveth
Lars Horntveth (born 10 March 1980) is a Norwegian musician (saxophones, clarinet, percussion and guitar), band leader, and composer. He was born in Tønsberg, the younger brother of tubaist Line Horntveth, but best known as a key member of the bands Jaga Jazzist and The National Bank, together with his brother, drummer Martin Horntveth.

Norwegian Society of Composers and Lyricists
NOPA, the Norwegian Society of Composers and Lyricists is a society for creators of music and song lyrics in Norway. The object of the society is to promote Norwegian creative music, musical works and lyrics and other texts in musical works, strengthen professional cooperation, create meeting places and work for the members’ artistic and financial interests

It was created in 1937 as Norske populærautorer. The name has later been changed to NOPA – Norsk forening for komponister og tekstforfattere. It is a daughter organization of TONO, and a sister of the Norwegian Society of Composers. Chief administrative officer is Tine Tangestuen, while the board of directors consists of Ole Henrik Antonsen (Chair), Kate Havnevik (Vice chair), Samsaya Sampda Sharma (Vice chair), Thea Hjelmeland, Torgny Amdam, Anne Judith Stokke Wik, Kjetil Bjerkestrand.
NOPA is currently one of the 36 organizations of composers and songwriters represented by the European Composer and Songwriter Alliance.
Joe Winter
Joe Winter is a British poet, literary critic and translator of poetry. A recent long poem is At the Tate Modern. His translations of the Bengali poets Rabindranath Tagore and Jibanananda Das are published by Carcanet Press, and his versions in modern English of the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf and the Middle English poem Pearl are with Sussex Academic Press. SAP has also published Two Loves I Have: a new reading of Shakespeare’s Sonnets and Hide Fox, and All After: What lies concealed in Shakespeare's 'Hamlet'?

Carcanet Press
Carcanet Press is a publisher, primarily of poetry, based in the United Kingdom. Originally a student magazine devised by undergraduates collaborating between Oxford and Cambridge, it was refounded in 1969 by Michael Schmidt.

In 2000 it was named the Sunday Times millennium Small Publisher of the Year.
Nick Giles
Nick Giles is the Managing Director of Ordnance Survey Leisure Limited, part of Ordnance Survey, Great Britain's Mapping authority. He was previously Head of Sales and Marketing for RAC, and has also held roles in LV= (Liverpool Victoria), RSA Insurance Group and Mail Marketing International.

A regular representative of Ordnance Survey in the media, he has appeared in a number of interviews about the design of new map symbols by the public, discussing the launch of a new app, a national photography competition, revised paper maps with digital downloads, Open Data and a map trade-in scheme.

In 2018 he was also appointed to the board of the Outdoor Industries Association (OIA)., then appointed as Chair in 2022.

In 2022, he was awarded an OBE as part of the New Years' Crown Honours Lists for services to the health of the nation.

RSA Insurance Group
RSA Insurance Group Limited (trading as RSA, formerly RSA Insurance Group plc and Royal and Sun Alliance) is a British multinational general insurance company headquartered in London, England. RSA has major operations in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Scandinavia and Canada. It provides insurance products and services in more than 100 countries through a network of local partners. It has 9 million customers. RSA was formed by the merger of Sun Alliance and Royal Insurance in 1996.

RSA was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Danish insurer Tryg and Canada's Intact Financial Corporation in May 2021. The transaction closed on 1 June 2021.
Astrological botany
Astrological botany is based on the notion that if plants or seeds are to be used for medicinal purposes then their planting and collection must be carried out with regard to the positions of the planets and other heavenly bodies, which are at the heart of the disease process. For instance, herbs intended to be used on male patients should be gathered when the Sun and Moon are in one of the male signs of the zodiac such as Sagittarius or Aquarius, whereas those for the treatment of females should be gathered under a female sign such as Virgo. Astrological botany was often used in conjunction with the doctrine of signatures, which held that the physical form of a plant reflected its medicinal use.

In the words of Agnes Arber, England became "badly infected" with astrological botany during the 17th century, when its most "notorious" practitioner was Nicholas Culpeper.

Aquarius (astrology)
Aquarius (♒︎; Greek: Ὑδροχόος, romanized: Hydrokhóos, Latin for "water-bearer") is the eleventh astrological sign in the zodiac, originating from the constellation Aquarius. Under the tropical zodiac, the Sun is in the Aquarius sign between about January 20 and February 19. Aquarius is one of the three air signs, alongside Gemini and Libra. The ruling planets of Aquarius are Saturn (in traditional astrology alongside Capricorn), and Uranus (in modern astrology). It is the fixed air sign. The opposite sign of Aquarius is Leo.
Kanamori–McAloon theorem
In mathematical logic, the Kanamori–McAloon theorem, due to Kanamori & McAloon (1987), gives an example of an incompleteness in Peano arithmetic, similar to that of the Paris–Harrington theorem. They showed that a certain finitistic theorem in Ramsey theory is not provable in Peano arithmetic (PA).

Ramsey theory
Ramsey theory, named after the British mathematician and philosopher Frank P. Ramsey, is a branch of the mathematical field of combinatorics that focuses on the appearance of order in a substructure given a structure of a known size. Problems in Ramsey theory typically ask a question of the form: "how big must some structure be to guarantee that a particular property holds?"
Qeshlaq-e Damirchluy-e Qarah Qeshlaq-e Hajj Majid
Qeshlaq-e Damirchluy-e Qarah Qeshlaq-e Hajj Majid (Persian: قشلاق دميرچلوي قره قشلاق حاج مجيد) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Jonubi Rural District of Qeshlaq Dasht District in Bileh Savar County, Ardabil province, Iran.

Ardabil province
Ardabil province (Persian: استان اردبیل) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ardabil. The province is in the northwest of the country, in Region 3, bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Gilan. Spanning an area of 18,011 km2, and established in 1993, Ardabil was carved out of the eastern part of East Azerbaijan province.
Harry Braham
Henry Nathaniel Braham (13 September 1850 – 21 September 1923) was a British music hall comic vocalist and actor. He toured with vaudeville impresario Tony Pastor in the 1870s and was a leading low comedian with American actor-manager William H. Crane for five years acting the part of Baron Ling Ching the Chinese Ambassador in Crane's most celebrated play, The Senator. He acted on Broadway in the light opera Sergeant Kitty with Virginia Earle, and then in silent film where he played Cameron's faithful servant (uncredited) in DW Griffith's controversial epic The Birth of a Nation.

Tony Pastor
Antonio Pastor (May 28, 1837 – August 26, 1908) was an American impresario, variety performer and theatre owner who became one of the founding forces behind American vaudeville in the mid-to-late-nineteenth century. He was sometimes referred to as the "Dean of Vaudeville". The strongest elements of his entertainments were an almost-jingoistic brand of United States patriotism and a strong commitment to attracting a "mixed-gender" audience, the latter being something revolutionary in the male-oriented variety halls of the mid-century. Although he was a performer and producer, Pastor is best known for "cleaning up" bawdy variety acts and presenting a clean and family-friendly genre called vaudeville.

A collection of his papers is maintained at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas in Austin, and in the archives of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
Gabriel (amplifiers)
Gabriel was an American manufacturer of boutique guitar amplifiers. Founded by former Romanian, now American citizen Gabriel Bucataru in 2005, the company produced expensive, hand-built, all-tube amplifiers that have earned praise from professional reviewers--Vintage Guitar hailed the "impeccable built quality" and the "high end/high quality vibe" of the Voxer 33, and Guitar Player called the Voxer 18 "ultra-rich" and "with more versatility than many vintage amps can muster."In 2014 they announced that they have stopped all production.

Gabriel's Sound Garage Logo

Founder/Owner Gabriel Bucataru at work in the Sound Garage

Guitar Player
Guitar Player was an American magazine for guitarists, founded in 1967 in San Jose, California. It contained articles, interviews, reviews and lessons covering artists, genres and products. The magazine was last edited by Christopher Scapelliti. The print magazine ceased publication in 2024; the December issue was the magazine's last.
GestiFute
Gestão de Carreiras de Profissionais Desportivos, S.A., known as GestiFute, is a Portuguese company providing agent services for footballers. Unlike other football associations, Portugal allowed other parties to own part of the economic rights of the players, in order to receive part of the transfer fees. Its major stakeholder is Silva International Investments, currently headed by Riccardo Silva.

The company was founded by Jorge Mendes in 1996.

Simão Sabrosa
Simão Pedro da Fonseca Sabrosa  OIH (born 31 October 1979), known mononymously as Simão (Portuguese pronunciation: [siˈmɐ̃w]), is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played mainly as a left winger, with dribbling and set piece skills as primary attributes.

Having played in his country for two of the three biggest teams in the nation, Benfica and Sporting, he also spent several years of his professional career in Spain, notably with Atlético Madrid. He won the 2004–05 national championship with the first club and the 2010 Europa League with the third, amongst other accolades; he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 225 games and 87 goals over nine seasons, adding 219 La Liga matches and 26 goals in service of Barcelona, Atlético and Espanyol.

Over a 12-year span, Simão represented Portugal in two World Cups and as many European Championships, helping it finish second at Euro 2004 and reach the semi-finals of the 2006 World Cup.
South Park controversies
South Park is an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone. Its frequent depiction of taboo subject matter, unusual (especially sophomoric) humor and portrayal of religion for comic effect has generated controversy, ire from critics, and debate throughout the world over the course of its 28 seasons. Stone and Parker, who also write the show, use it frequently to lampoon a wide range of topics and both sides of contentious issues.

Parker and Stone usually reply to such controversies by regarding themselves as "equal opportunity offenders". They reject the notion of political correctness, and state that no particular topic or group of people will be exempt from mockery and satire, out of fairness to any person or group of people who have been ridiculed before.

British Board of Film Classification
The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) is a non-governmental organisation founded by the British film industry in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films exhibited at cinemas and video works (such as television programmes, trailers, adverts, public information/campaigning films, menus, bonus content, etc.) released on physical media within the United Kingdom. It has a statutory requirement to classify all video works released on VHS, DVD, Blu-ray (including 3D and 4K UHD formats), and, to a lesser extent, some video games under the Video Recordings Act 1984. The BBFC was also the designated regulator for the UK age-verification scheme, which was abandoned before being implemented.
Wei Zhigu
Wei Zhigu (Chinese: 魏知古; 647–715), posthumous name Duke Zhong of Liang (梁忠公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zhou dynasty. He served as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and Emperor Xuanzong.

Wu Zhou
Zhou, known in historiography as the Wu Zhou (Chinese: 武周) and Southern Zhou (Chinese: 南周), was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty that existed between 690 and 705. The dynasty consisted of the reign of one empress regnant, Wu Zhao (Wu Zetian), who usurped the throne of her son, the Emperor Ruizong of Tang, in 690. The dynasty lasted until another one of Wu Zhao's sons, the Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, was restored to the throne in the Shenlong Coup in 705, marking the restoration of the Tang dynasty. Historians generally regard the Wu Zhou as an interregnum of the Tang dynasty.

Wu named her dynasty after the ancient Zhou dynasty, from whom she believed herself to be descended.
Compass Inn
Compass Inn is a historic inn, tavern, and stagecoach stop located in Laughlintown, Ligonier Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. It is a 2 1/2-storey, five bay log and stone building in a vernacular Georgian style. The original section was built in 1799, and it is three bays wide. The two bay stone section was added in the 1820s. A clapboarded frame section was added in 1862. It was restored in 1970, and operated as a local history museum. The property includes a rebuilt barn and blacksmith shop.

Compass Inn was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1995. It is notable for representing the history of highway inns, travel, and commerce in southwestern Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1862.

Portions of the film The Pale Blue Eye were shot at Compass Inn in 2021.

Tavern
A tavern is a type of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food such as different types of roast meats and cheese, and (mostly historically) where travelers would receive lodging. An inn is a tavern that has a licence to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin taberna whose original meaning was a shed, workshop, stall, or pub.

Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. In England, inns started to be referred to as public houses or pubs and the term became standard for all drinking houses.