hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dining cryptographers problem
In cryptography, the dining cryptographers problem studies how to perform a secure multi-party computation of the boolean-XOR function. David Chaum first proposed this problem in the early 1980s and used it as an illustrative example to show that it was possible to send anonymous messages with unconditional sender and recipient untraceability. Anonymous communication networks based on this problem are often referred to as DC-nets (where DC stands for "dining cryptographers").

Despite the word dining, the dining cryptographers problem is unrelated to the dining philosophers problem.

Dining philosophers problem
In computer science, the dining philosophers problem is an example problem often used in concurrent algorithm design to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them.

It was originally formulated in 1965 by Edsger Dijkstra as a student exam exercise, presented in terms of computers competing for access to tape drive peripherals.
Soon after, Tony Hoare gave the problem its present form.
Partially ordered ring
In abstract algebra, a partially ordered ring is a ring (A, +, ·), together with a compatible partial order, that is, a partial order  on the underlying set A that is compatible with the ring operations in the sense that it satisfies:

and

for all . Various extensions of this definition exist that constrain the ring, the partial order, or both. For example, an Archimedean partially ordered ring is a partially ordered ring  where 's partially ordered additive group is Archimedean.

An ordered ring, also called a totally ordered ring, is a partially ordered ring  where  is additionally a total order.

An l-ring, or lattice-ordered ring, is a partially ordered ring  where  is additionally a lattice order.

Archimedean group
In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, an Archimedean group is a linearly ordered group for which the Archimedean property holds: every two positive group elements are bounded by integer multiples of each other. The set R of real numbers together with the operation of addition and the usual ordering relation between pairs of numbers is an Archimedean group. By a result of Otto Hölder, every Archimedean group is isomorphic to a subgroup of this group. The name "Archimedean" comes from Otto Stolz, who named the Archimedean property after its appearance in the works of Archimedes.
2006 Paradise Jam
The 2006 Paradise Jam was an early-season men's and women's college basketball tournament. The tournament, which began in 2000, was part of the 2006–07 NCAA Division I men's basketball season and 2006–07 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.  The tournament was played at the Sports and Fitness Center in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Alabama won the men's tournament, in the women's tournament The Championship in the Saint Thomas Division was cancelled due to a family tragedy involving an Arizona State players family member. and Marquette won the Saint John Division.

2006–07 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2006–07 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 7, 2006, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 2007 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament championship game on April 2, 2007, at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia. The Florida Gators successfully defended their national championship with an 84–75 victory over the Ohio State Buckeyes.
Infinity Purple
The Infinity Purple is an American powered parachute that was designed and produced by Infinity Power Chutes of Bronson, Michigan. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The Purple was in production in the early 2000s and, while now discontinued, it led to the later Infinity Commander light-sport aircraft model.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.
Mohammed Jabbateh
Mohammed Jabbateh (born September 1966), sometimes Jabateh, also known by his nom de guerre Jungle Jabbah, is a Liberian war criminal and former United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) and ULIMO-K commander who was convicted in the United States of lying to immigration authorities about his role in the First Liberian Civil War (1989-1997) when he sought asylum in the late 1990s. He was arrested in April 2016. On October 18, 2017, Jabbateh was tried and convicted in Philadelphia of two counts of fraud in immigration documents and two counts of perjury stemming from false statements he made when filing for asylum and permanent residence. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison the following April, the statutory maximum allowed. Jabbateh was the first person convicted of crimes stemming from war-related activities during the First Liberian Civil War. He lost his appeal in September 2020.

Right of asylum
The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (asylum from Ancient Greek  ἄσυλον (ásulon) 'sanctuary'), is a juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another entity which in medieval times could offer sanctuary. This right was recognized by the Ancient Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Hebrews, from whom it was adopted into Western tradition. René Descartes fled to the Netherlands, Voltaire to England, and Thomas Hobbes to France, because each state offered protection to persecuted foreigners. Contemporary right of asylum is founded on the non-binding Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Gladiator of Rome
Gladiator of Rome (Italian: Il gladiatore di Roma) is a 1962 Italian adventure film directed by Mario Costa.  Co-written by Gian Paolo Callegari and Giuseppe Mariani, it stars Gordon Scott.

The film is also known as Battles of the Gladiators in the United Kingdom.

Gordon Scott
Gordon Scott (born Gordon Merrill Werschkul; August 3, 1926 – April 30, 2007) was an American film and television actor known for his portrayal of the fictional character Tarzan in five films (and one compilation of three made-as-a-pilot television episodes) of the Tarzan film series from 1955 to 1960. Gordon Scott was the 11th Tarzan, starting with Tarzan’s Hidden Jungle (1955). He was "discovered" poolside, and offered "a seven-year contract, a loin cloth, and a new last name."
Ortegal
Ortegal is a comarca in the north of the Galician Province of A Coruña, Spain. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Cantabrian Sea to the north, the Province of Lugo to the east, the comarca of O Eume to the south, and comarca of Ferrol to the west. It covers an area of 394.3 km2, which accounts for 1.33% of all the land area in Galicia. The overall population of this region was 13,916 at the 2011 census; the latest official 2022 census was 11,466.

Cantabrian Sea
The Cantabrian Sea is the term used mostly in Spain to describe the coastal sea of the Atlantic Ocean that borders the northern coast of Spain and the southwest side of the Atlantic coast of France, included in the Bay of Biscay. It extends from Cabo Ortegal in the province of A Coruña, to the mouth of the river Adour, near the city of Bayonne on the coast of the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in French Basque Country. The Cantabrian Sea contains the Avilés Canyons System.

The sea borders 800 km (500 mi) of coastline shared by the Spanish provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Asturias, Cantabria, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, and the French area of Labourd.
Copa Príncipe de Asturias ACB
The Copa Príncipe de Asturias ACB (ACB Prince of Asturias Cup) was a basketball tournament played with teams of Liga ACB between 1986 and 1991. The 1985 tournament was called Copa Asociación (Association Cup) or Torneo de la ACB (ACB Tournament). Since the next season to its end, it was called Copa Príncipe de Asturias.

Joventut Badalona
Club Joventut Badalona, S.A.D. (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈklub ʒuβənˈtud bəðəˈlonə]) is a Spanish professional basketball club based in Badalona, Catalonia, Spain, playing in the Liga ACB and the EuroCup. Known to their fans as La Penya (in English, The Club), it is one of only two teams that have never been relegated from the top division of the Spanish League. The only other is Real Madrid. In 1994, Joventut Badalona became champion of the FIBA European League (today known as the EuroLeague), the first Catalan basketball club to accomplish such a grandiose achievement and the first Spanish team to do so in the modern era Final Four format.

Well-known players have included the Margall brothers (with Josep Maria Margall), Zoran Slavnić, Jordi Villacampa, Rafael Jofresa, Corny Thompson, Mike Smith, Reggie Johnson, Harold Pressley, Tanoka Beard, Andre Turner, Raül López, Rudy Fernández, Ricky Rubio, Pau Ribas, Demond Mallet, Nicolás Laprovittola, Joel Parra, Andrés Feliz and Ante Tomic.
Tobias Zilliacus
Tobias Zilliacus (born 30 September 1971) is a Swedish-speaking Finnish actor. He is best known of his role in the 2012 Swedish crime film The Hypnotist. In 2015, Zilliacus appeared in British TV series Fortitude.

Fortitude (TV series)
Fortitude is a British horror psychological thriller television series created and written by Simon Donald. A 12-episode season was commissioned by Sky Atlantic in 2013, and started airing on 29 January 2015. The series is set in the fictional Arctic Norwegian settlement of Fortitude. On 9 April 2015, Sky Atlantic recommissioned the show for a second season consisting of 10 episodes, which premiered on 26 January 2017. The third and final season premiered on 6 December 2018 and concluded on 27 December, consisting of 4 episodes.
Borówno, Chełmno County
Borówno [bɔˈruvnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chełmno, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is located on the right bank of the Vistula river, in the Chełmno Land in the historic region of Pomerania.

Chełmno County
Chełmno County (Polish: powiat chełmiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Chełmno, which lies 40 km (25 mi) north of Toruń and 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz.

The county covers an area of 527.62 square kilometres (203.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 52,018, out of which the population of Chełmno is 19,605 and the rural population is 32,413.

The county includes the protected area called Chełmno Landscape Park, which stretches along the right bank of the Vistula river.
Frank Mancuso Sr.
Frank G. Mancuso Sr. (born July 25, 1933) is an American former film studio executive. Mancuso was the chairman and CEO of Paramount Pictures between 1984 and 1991, and  Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer between 1993 and 1999, when he retired.

Studio executive
A studio executive is an employee of a film studio or a corporation doing business in the entertainment industry.

A studio executive may be a chief executive officer (CEO), a chief financial officer (CFO), or a chief operating officer (COO), or be employed to serve in a variety of vice presidential capacities, such as senior vice president of corporate relations.

A studio executive may oversee production or may serve in a role identical to a corporation that is not involved in the entertainment industry.

Studio executive is commonly used to describe someone who takes responsibility for all interests, financial or otherwise, between the film studio and the production company of a film.
Give a Monkey a Brain and He'll Swear He's the Center of the Universe
Give a Monkey a Brain and He'll Swear He's the Center of the Universe is the fourth studio album by American rock band Fishbone. It was the last album to feature all six original members, as guitarist Kendall Jones left the band a few months after the album's release, and keyboardist/trombonist Chris Dowd would leave the next year.

It is Fishbone's heaviest album, with the band focusing on heavy metal without any trace of their trademark horn section until the fourth song, the ska-infused "Unyielding Conditioning".  Saxophonist Branford Marsalis makes an appearance on the manic "Drunk Skitzo", and the ending of "Swim" includes excerpts of a Damon Wayans stand-up routine about his experience at a Fishbone concert.

Shortly after the release of the album, the band toured as part of the third annual Lollapalooza festival, before being dropped by Sony Records the following year.

The title is a quotation from the discordian religious text Principia Discordia.

Damon Wayans
Damon Kyle Wayans Sr. (/ˈdeɪmən ˈweɪ.ənz/ DAY-mən WAY-ənz; born September 4, 1960) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, and writer. A member of the Wayans family of entertainers, Damon performed as a comedian and actor throughout the 1980s, including a brief stint on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live. He later joined his family on Fox's sketch comedy show In Living Color (1990–1992), and wrote and performed on his own animated series Waynehead (1996–1997) and live-action series Damon (1998). Since then, he has starred in a number of films and television shows, some of which he has co-produced or co-written, including Mo' Money, The Last Boy Scout, Major Payne, Bulletproof, and the sitcoms My Wife and Kids and Poppa's House, the latter featuring his son Damon Wayans Jr. From 2016 to 2019, he starred as Roger Murtaugh in the Fox television series Lethal Weapon.
2026 Hobart International – Doubles
Katarzyna Piter and Janice Tjen defeated Magali Kempen and Anna Sisková in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2026 Hobart International.

Jiang Xinyu and Wu Fang-hsien were the defending champions, but chose to compete with different partners. Jiang partnered Chan Hao-ching, but lost in the first round to Nadiia Kichenok and Makoto Ninomiya. Wu partnered Eri Hozumi , but lost in the semifinals to Piter and Tjen.

Janice Tjen
Janice Tjen (born 6 May 2002) is an Indonesian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 36 and a doubles ranking of No. 52, both achieved on 23 February 2026. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Indonesia.

Tjen has won one WTA Tour title in singles and three in doubles. At the 2025 Chennai Open, she became the first Indonesian woman to lift a Main Tour singles trophy since Angelique Widjaja.

In the Billie Jean King Cup, she has a win-loss record of 2–2.
Eucalyptus aspersa
Eucalyptus aspersa is a mallee, sometimes a tree that is endemic to the South West region of Western Australia. It usually has rough bark on its stems and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Bériaboukro
Bériaboukro is a village in south-central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Kokumbo, Toumodi Department, Bélier Region, Lacs District. The village sits on the east side of the river that forms the border with Gôh-Djiboua District.

Bériaboukro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Bélier Region
Bélier Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. The region's population in the 2021 census was 415,593. The seat of the region is in Toumodi.

Prior to 2017, the seat of the region was in Yamoussoukro, outside the region, and the prefect of Yamoussoukro was acting as region prefect of Bélier.

Bélier is currently divided into four departments: Didiévi, Djékanou, Tiébissou, and Toumodi.
Love for Guala
Love for Guala is the debut studio album by American rapper Flipp Dinero. It was released through We the Best Music Group/Cinematic Music Group/Epic Records on November 22, 2019, and is the follow-up to his 2017 extended play The Guala Way. It features guest appearances from Jay Critch, Kodak Black, Lil Baby and Rich the Kid. Its lead single "Leave Me Alone" peaked at 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.

We the Best Music Group
We the Best Music Group is an American record label founded by DJ Khaled in 2008. Named after one of Khaled's catchphrases, it has operated as an imprint of Def Jam Recordings since 2023. Previously, the label operated an imprint of Island Def Jam's division Def Jam South (2008–2011), Universal Republic's division Cash Money Records (2011–2015), and Sony Music's division Epic Records (2016–2022). Artists who have signed to We the Best include Khaled himself, Ace Hood, Mavado, Steph Lecor, Kent Jones, Flipp Dinero, and Vado among others.
Gourdon, Lot
Gourdon (French pronunciation: [ɡuʁdɔ̃]; Occitan: Gordon) is a commune and subprefecture of the Lot department in the Occitania region in Southwestern France. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 4,206.

The small town, not far from Rocamadour, is situated close to the Dordogne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Gourdon has a rich prehistoric past, that can still be seen today through a high concentration of prehistoric sites. It is the capital of the Bouriane, the natural region part of the Quercy, which extends up to the river Dordogne and neighbours the Périgord.

Dordogne (river)
The Dordogne (French pronunciation: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha) is a river in south-central and southwest France. It is 483.1 km (300.2 mi) long. The Dordogne and its watershed were designated Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO on 11 July 2012.
NRA Gun Club
NRA Gun Club (Gun Club in Italy) is described as a nonviolent first-person target shooting game by Crave Entertainment in North America and 505 Games only in Italy. Although not released in the UK, a few PAL UK units have been found in circulation in some 505 European markets (A German release was planned, but cancelled for unknown reasons). The game allows gamers to enter the shooting range and shoot at paper targets, watermelons and sporting clays. The game contains over 100 licensed and recreated firearms. It was endorsed by the National Rifle Association of America, bearing their logo on the cover art.

Crave Entertainment
Crave Entertainment (aka Crave Games) was an American video game publisher founded in 1997 by Nima Taghavi. Its headquarters was in Newport Beach, California. It was acquired by Handleman Company in 2005 in a deal valued up to $95 million but was then sold to Fillpoint LLC in early 2009 for only $8.1 million due to Handleman's bankruptcy and pending liquidation. During its lifetime it published games for Dreamcast, Wii, Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo 64, GameCube, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, Xbox, and Xbox 360. Crave mainly focused on budget titles, and imported games such as Tokyo Xtreme Racer series.
1999 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's singles
The 1999 Japan Open Tennis Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan that was part of the International Series Gold of the 1999 ATP Tour. The tournament was held from April 12 through April 18, 1999.

ATP International Series Gold
ATP International Series Gold (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP Championship Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally between 2000 and 2008 that were part of the ATP Tour. The tournaments were positioned below the ATP Masters Series, and above the ATP International Series in terms of prize money and ranking points available.

International Series Gold tournaments offered players cash prizes (purses from $755,000 to $1,426,250 as of 2008) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. See Association of Tennis Professionals#ATP rankings for more details.

Effective in 2009, this series of tournaments became the ATP Tour 500, incorporating many of the same tournaments. The "500" represents the number of ATP ranking points earned by the winner of each event in the series.
Irish Jewish Museum
The Irish Jewish Museum (Irish: Músaem Giúdach na hÉireann) is a small museum located in the once highly Jewish populated area of Portobello, around the South Circular Road, Dublin, dedicated to the history of the Irish Jewish community.

The museum was opened in June 1985 by Chaim Herzog who was then president of Israel and was born in Ireland. The museum is in a former Synagogue built in 1917 in two adjoining terraced houses on Walworth Road, off the South Circular Road. The surrounding area, Portobello, was previously a Jewish area, however the large scale emigration that affected Ireland in the 1950s had a particularly strong effect on the Jewish population; during this period there was a migration to the suburbs and Dublin's main synagogue shifted to Terenure. The synagogue is preserved, there are artifacts on display, and the museum houses genealogical records.

South Circular Road, Dublin
The South Circular Road (Irish: An Cuarbhóthar Theas), designated as the R811 regional road, is a road in Dublin, Ireland. One of the longest in the city, it runs from Islandbridge in the west, through Rialto and Dolphin's Barn to Portobello, near the centre. It runs mainly through residential areas and is used by numerous bus routes. It is the southside equivalent of the North Circular Road.
Michael Harris, 9th Baron Harris
Rear Admiral Michael George Temple Harris, 9th Baron Harris (born 5 July 1941), is a British peer and former Royal Navy officer who was the captain of HMS Cardiff during the Falklands War. He was promoted lieutenant on 1 May 1963, and lieutenant commander on 1 May 1971, and retired on 3 April 1992.

He has lived with his wife, Katrina, in a Grade-II-listed house in Whitchurch, Hampshire, since 1992.

Harris became the 9th Baron Harris upon the death of his fourth cousin, Anthony Harris, 8th Baron Harris, in March 2023. The heir presumptive to the barony is his brother, John Harris (born 1944).

Heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir apparent, whose claim on the position cannot be displaced in this manner.
James Macartney (anatomist)
James Macartney (born 8 March 1770 in Armagh, died 6 March 1843 in Dublin) was an Irish anatomist. He began life as an Irish volunteer in 1780, and was afterwards educated at the endowed classical school at Armagh, and then at a private school. He was associated for a time with the Sheares brothers and Lord Edward Fitzgerald, the United Irishmen but, being dissatisfied with their programme, he cut himself adrift and began to study medicine.

Armagh
Armagh (/ɑːrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH; Irish: Ard Mhacha, IPA: [ˌaːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈwaxə], "Macha's height") is a city and the county town of County Armagh, in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland – the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (Eamhain Mhacha) was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture.

Statistically classed as a medium-sized town by NISRA, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012. It had a population of 16,310 people in the 2021 Census.