hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spin quantum number
In chemistry and quantum mechanics, the spin quantum number is a quantum number (designated s) that describes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of an electron or other particle. It has the same value for all particles of the same type, such as s = ⁠1/2⁠ for all electrons. It is an integer for all bosons, such as photons, and a half-odd-integer for all fermions, such as electrons and protons.

The component of the spin along a specified axis is given by the spin magnetic quantum number, conventionally written ms. The value of ms is the component of spin angular momentum, in units of the reduced Planck constant ħ, parallel to a given direction (conventionally labelled the z–axis). It can take values ranging from +s to −s in integer increments. For an electron, ms can be either ⁠++1/2⁠ or ⁠−+1/2⁠ .

Value (mathematics)
In mathematics, a mathematical value is a broad term that refers to any definite entity that can be manipulated with operators according to the well-defined rules of its mathematical system.

Certain values can correspond to the real world, although most values in mathematics generally exists purely as abstract objects with no connection to the real world.
John Keith Moffat
John 'Keith' Moffat (born 1943) is Louis Block Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and former Deputy Provost for Research at the University of Chicago. He currently heads BioCARS at Argonne National Laboratory, where he worked on the Advanced Photon Source. He is most noted for his contributions to Time resolved crystallography. He is a former Guggenheim Fellow and former Cornell University faculty member. He has a Ph.D. from King's College, Cambridge under the Nobel laureate Max Perutz at MRC-LMB and an undergraduate degree from the University of Edinburgh. He is married with an adopted son.

Max Perutz
Max Ferdinand Perutz OM CH CBE FRS (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin. He went on to win the Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1971 and the Copley Medal in 1979.  At Cambridge he founded and chaired (1962–79) The MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), fourteen of whose scientists have won Nobel Prizes.
American Academy of Achievement
The American Academy of Achievement (colloquially known as the Academy of Achievement) is a nonprofit corporation that recognizes some of high-achieving people in diverse fields and gives them the opportunity to meet one another. The academy also brings together the leaders with promising graduate students for mentorship. It hosts an International Achievement Summit, which ends with an awards ceremony, during which new members are inducted into the academy.

Nonprofit corporation
A nonprofit corporation is any legal entity which has been incorporated under the law of its jurisdiction for purposes other than making profits for its owners or shareholders. Depending on the laws of the jurisdiction, a nonprofit corporation may seek official recognition as such, and may be taxed differently from for-profit corporations, and treated differently in other ways.
B777-81
B-777-81 is an antidepressant drug candidate.

B777-81 works by reversing reserpine and tetrabenazine-induced ptosis in a similar manner to that of imipramine, but with a shorter duration of action. It also antagonizes reserpine-induced hypothermia but it is without effect on the decrease in locomotor activity or catalepsy following reserpine. In vitro, B777-81 inhibited 5-HT uptake in platelets, potentiated the effect of NA on isolated vas deferens and had less anticholinergic effect than imipramine in the isolated ileum.

Ileum
The ileum (/ˈɪliəm/) is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. Its main function is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.

The ileum follows the duodenum and jejunum and is separated from the cecum by the ileocecal valve (ICV). In humans, the ileum is about 2–4 m long, and the pH is usually between 7 and 8 (neutral or slightly basic).

Ileum is derived from the Greek word εἰλεός (eileós), referring to a medical condition known as ileus.
2016 Vuelta a Andalucía
The 62nd edition of the Vuelta a Andalucía, also known as the Ruta del Sol, was held in Andalusia, in southern Spain, from 17 to 21 February 2016. Spanish rider Alejandro Valverde won the event after winning the final mountain-top stage; his fourth overall victory in the Vuelta a Andalucía.

The Vuelta a Andalucía is a road cycling stage race, rated as a 2.1 event of the 2016 UCI Europe Tour. Chris Froome, the previous year's champion, did not to defend his title. The race was run over five stages. The first three stages were moderately hilly and won by sprinters; the fourth was an individual time trial; the fifth and final stage had a summit finish atop the climb of Peñas Blancas.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Tornik, Ljubovija
Tornik (Serbian Cyrillic: Торник) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Ljubovija municipality, in the Mačva District of Central Serbia. The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 168 in 2002.

Mačva District
The Mačva District (Serbian: Мачвански округ, romanized: Mačvanski okrug, pronounced [mǎtʃʋanskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the western part of Serbia, in the geographical regions of Mačva, Podrinje, Posavina, and Pocerina. According to the 2022 census, it has a population of 265,377 inhabitants. The administrative center of the Mačva District is the city of Šabac.
Stimson Storm
The Stimson Storm is a three-wheeled motor vehicle designed by Barry Stimson, and offered for sale as a kit car. It was introduced into the UK in 2002 and continued in production until 2007, although only one was built during that time.

Kit car
A kit car is an automobile available as a set of parts that a manufacturer sells and the buyer then assembles into a functioning car. Usually, many of the major mechanical systems such as the engine and transmission are sourced from donor vehicles or purchased new from other vendors. Kits vary in completeness, consisting of as little as a book of plans, or as much as a complete set with all components to assemble into a fully operational vehicle such as those from Caterham.
Ruszów Szklarnia railway station
Ruszów Szklarnia lit. 'Ruszów Glassworks' (German: Glashütte Rauscha) is an abandoned railway station in the village of Ruszów, Zgorzelec County, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland.

The station has been abandoned since the 2006 closure of the Ruszów–Gozdnica railway.

Ruszów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Ruszów [ˈruʂuf] (Upper Sorbian: Ružow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Węgliniec, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Ruszów is within the historic Upper Lusatia, homeland of Lusatian Sorbs.

During World War II the Germans established and operated a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in the village, whose prisoners were Jews.

In the final stages of World War II, a temporary hospital of the Second Polish Army was located in the village.
Simon Carcagno
Simon Carcagno (born March 22, 1976) is an American rower who competed in lightweight rowing. He won a gold medal in the eights at the 2008 World Rowing Championships and placed third in the coxless pairs in 2003. He also won a silver medal in the coxless fours at the 2007 Pan American Games. He represented the United States as an alternate at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Lightweight rowing
Lightweight rowing (abbreviated Lwt or Lt) is a category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of competitors. According to the International Rowing Federation (FISA), this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people".

At the international level, for crew boats, the limits are:

Men: Crew average 70 kg (154.3 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb)

Women: Crew average 57 kg (125.7 lb) – no rower over 59 kg (130.1 lb)

For single sculls, the limits are 72.5 kg (159.8 lb) for men and 59 kg (130.1 lb) for women.
Park Bo-ram
Park Bo-ram (Korean: 박보람; March 1, 1994 – April 11, 2024) was a South Korean singer. She took part in Mnet's SuperStar K2 and finished in eighth place. Park made her debut with release digital single "Beautiful" featuring Zico on August 7, 2014. That year, she won Artist of the Year for August at the Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards and was nominated for Best New Artist at the Mnet Asian Music Awards, Golden Disc Awards, and Melon Music Awards. She died at age 30 from acute alcohol poisoning after collapsing at her friend's home.

Mnet (TV channel)
Music Network (acronym of the Mnet) is a South Korean pay television music channel owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division.

The CJ E&M Center Studio located in Sangam-dong, Mapo District, Seoul is the headquarters, broadcast and recording centre of many Mnet programs with a studio audience, namely the live weekly music show M Countdown. It is also the venue for live performances in survival shows such as Superstar K, Show Me The Money series, Produce 101 series, Comeback War series, Planet series and Street Dance series. Other shows are filmed in CJ E&M Studio in Ilsan and CJ E&M Contents World in Paju.
2 Samuel 9
2 Samuel 9 is the ninth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David's reign in Jerusalem. This is within a section comprising 2 Samuel 9–20 and continued to 1 Kings 1–2 which deal with the power struggles among David's sons to succeed David's throne until 'the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon' (1 Kings 2:46).

1 Kings 1
1 Kings 1 is the first chapter of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the reign of Solomon over the unified kingdom of Judah and Israel (1 Kings 1 to 11). The focus of this chapter is the reign of David and Solomon, the kings of Israel.
Malesherbia linearifolia
Malesherbia linearifolia (vernacular name blue star of cordillera) is a subshrub endemic to the Coquimbo, Valparaiso, Metropolitana, and O'Higgins regions of Chile. It was the first member of Malesherbia to be described, with the original description dating to 1797 by Cavanilles.

Malesherbia linearifolia is phenotypically very similar to sister species M. paniculata; both grow from a rhizome, have cymose inflorescences, and their flowers are range from light blue to deep purple. They differ in their leaves, M. paniculata has pinnate leaves while M. linearifolia has narrow leaves. They also differ in range.

Malesherbia linearifolia is pollinated by Lasia aenea, Centris chilensis, and Centris cineraria.

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region (Spanish: Región Metropolitana de Santiago) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

With an area of 15,403.2 km2 (5,947 sq mi) and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region. It is also the most developed subdivision in all of South America with a very high HDI of 0.908.
Something Good – Negro Kiss
Something Good – Negro Kiss is an American short silent film made in 1898 that depicts a couple kissing and holding hands. It is believed to be the earliest depiction of on-screen kissing involving African Americans, and is noted for departing from the prevalent stereotypical presentation of racist caricatures in American popular culture at the time it was made. The film was a lost film until its rediscovery in 2017, and was added to the American National Film Registry in 2018.

Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.
2020 Australian Open – Boys' singles
Harold Mayot won the boys' singles tennis title at the 2020 Australian Open, defeating Arthur Cazaux in the final, 6–4, 6–1.

Lorenzo Musetti was the defending champion, but chose not to participate. He received a wildcard into the men's singles qualifying competition, where he lost to Tallon Griekspoor in the third round.

Benito Sanchez Martinez
Benito Sanchez Martinez (born 30 April 2002) is a German tennis player.

Sanchez Martinez has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 839 achieved on 25 August 2025, and a best doubles ranking of No. 408 attained on 25 August 2025.

Sanchez Martinez has won one ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2025 Schwaben Open.

Sanchez Martinez plays college tennis at Mississippi State.
Techno City Kolkata
Techno City is a locality situated at Panchpota in Garia, close to Kolkata, India. It is located near the Garia railway station, New Garia railway station and Kavi Subhash metro station.
It is named after the Techno India Group who have set up two schools and an engineering college (Netaji Subhash Engineering College) here.

Garia railway station
Garia railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway station on the Main line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It serves the local area of Garia in Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal.
1st Battalion, 120th Field Artillery Regiment
The 1st Battalion, 120th Field Artillery Regiment, also known as the "Red Fox" Battalion came into being on 22 September 1917 at Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas, as part of the 57th Field Artillery Brigade, better known as the Iron Brigade. The 120th Field Artillery Regiment previously had been the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry. The history of the 1st Wisconsin Volunteer Cavalry Regiment goes back the American Civil War days.

Today, the 1–120th FAB (1-120th Field Artillery Battalion) is part of the 32nd IBCT (32nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team) and is headquartered in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, and has five corresponding batteries: Alpha Battery is located in Marshfield, Wisconsin; Bravo Battery is located in Stevens Point, Wisconsin; Charlie Battery, located in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin; Delta Battery, located in Berlin, Wisconsin; and Headquarters Battery which is located in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin.

Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Stevens Point is a city in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. Its population was 25,666 at the 2020 census. It forms the core of the Stevens Point micropolitan statistical area, which had a population of 70,377 in 2020.

Stevens Point was incorporated in 1858. The city is home to the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point and a campus of Mid-State Technical College.
Franz Limmer
Franz Limmer (2 October 1808 – 19 January 1857) was an Austrian composer, conductor and musical performer.

He was born in Matzleinsdorf, a suburb of Vienna, and died in Temeswar, the present-day Timișoara in the Banat district of Romania which was then part of Hungary, which in turn was a part of the Habsburg empire.

Banat
Banat (UK: /ˈbænɪt, ˈbɑːn-/ BAN-it, BAHN-, US: /bəˈnɑːt, bɑː-/ bə-NAHT, bah-; Romanian: Banat; Hungarian: Bánság; Serbian: Банат, romanized: Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian or Carpathian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Mureș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except for a small part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád-Csanád County).

The region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II. Today, Banat is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians, but small populations of other ethnic groups also live in the region. Nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.
Anita Alvarado
Anita Ester Alvarado Muñoz (Santiago de Chile, 25 December 1972), better known as "The Chilean Geisha", she is known for her ex-husband's involvement in one of the largest financial frauds carried out in Japan, where she worked as a prostitute. On her return to Chile, she pursued a career in show business, as an actress and singer, and being a frequent guest on reality television programmes.

Show business
Show business, sometimes shortened to show biz or showbiz (since c. 1945), is a vernacular term for all aspects of the entertainment industry. From the business side (including managers, agents, producers, and distributors), the term applies to the creative element (including artists, performers, writers, musicians, and technicians) and was in common usage throughout the 20th century, though the first known use in print dates from 1850. At that time and for several decades, it typically included the initial definite article the. By the latter part of the century, it had acquired a slightly arcane quality associated with the era of variety, but the term was still in active use. In modern entertainment industry, it is also associated with the fashion industry (creating trend and fashion) and acquiring intellectual property rights from the invested research in the entertainment business.
1990 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1990 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was played after the conclusion of the 1989–1990 regular season at Redbird Arena on the campus of Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois.

The Illinois State Redbirds defeated the Southern Illinois Salukis in the championship game, 81-78, and as a result won their 2nd MVC Tournament title and earned an automatic bid to the 1990 NCAA tournament.

It was also the final MVC tournament played on a campus site, before moving the entire event to St. Louis the following season.

Illinois State University
Illinois State University (ISU) is a public research university in Normal, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1857 as Illinois State Normal University and is the oldest public university in Illinois. It operates additional facilities in its twin city, Bloomington, and in Springfield.

The university emphasizes teaching and is recognized as one of the top ten largest producers of teachers in the US according to the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The university's athletic teams are members of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Missouri Valley Football Conference and are known as the "Redbirds," in reference to the state bird, the cardinal.
Camaricus formosus
Camaricus formosus is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. It was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1887 and is the type species of the genus Camaricus.

The species is widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia.

Tamerlan Thorell
Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell (3 May 1830 – 22 December 1901) was a Swedish arachnologist.

Thorell studied spiders with Giacomo Doria at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genoa. He corresponded with other arachnologists, such as Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, Eugène Simon and Thomas Workman.

He described more than 1,000 spider species during his time from the 1850s to 1900.

Thorell wrote: On European Spiders (1869) and Synonym of European Spiders (1870-73).
! (Cláudia Pascoal album)
! (pronounced "blah") is the debut studio album by Portuguese singer Cláudia Pascoal. It was released in Portugal on 27 March 2020 by Universal Music Portugal. The album peaked at number six on the Portuguese Albums Chart.

Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa
The Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa (AFP; English: Portuguese Phonographic Association) is the recording industry association of the major labels in Portugal. Created in 1989, it succeeded GPPFV (Portuguese group of producers of phonograms and videograms) and UNEVA (Union of audio and video editors).

The AFP is the Portuguese group of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). The AFP gathers the main record publishers that operate in the Portuguese market and its affiliates represent more than 95% of the market.

In January 1994, AFP suspended the Portuguese singles chart but continued to publish the Portuguese albums chart. The singles chart was not resumed until July 2000.
Frederic Schindler
Frederic Schindler (born 1980) is a French-Argentinean music supervisor who has worked on over 1000 commercials and several films, most notably Aaron Brookner and Jim Jarmusch documentary Uncle Howard, Emir Kusturica feature On The Milky Road., Berlinale Golden Bear winner Alcarrás and the Prada L'Homme et la Femme worldwide campaign featuring a bespoke cover by Perfume Genius of the iconic Pop Ballad Can't Help Falling in Love. He won a Music Week Sync Award in 2017 for Best Online Advert and was awarded Music Supervisor of the Year in 2025 by the Association of Independent Music (AIM)

Alcarràs (film)
Alcarràs is a 2022 Spanish-Italian drama film directed by Carla Simón. It is set and shot in Alcarràs, Catalonia, featuring a non-professional cast of Catalan-speaking actors. The plot is a family drama about the disappearance of traditional peach-harvesting activities.

The film had its world premiere at the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival on 15 February 2022, where it won the Golden Bear, the festival's top prize, becoming the first Catalan-language film to do so. The film was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 95th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.