hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lalburha
Lalburha (English: Lalbura, 1843–1933) was a Lushai chief in the Eastern Lushai Hills and ruled the settlement of Champhai. Lalburha is recognised for being the third son of Vanhnuailiana and the target of the Lushai Expedition in 1871. His anti-British diplomacy led to his participation in the Lushai Rising following British annexation of the Lushai Hills.

British rule in the Lushai Hills
British rule in the Lushai Hills, spanning from the late 1889 to the 1947, commenced with the Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889–90 leading to the formal establishment of the two administrative districts (North Lushai Hills, South Lushai Hills) in 1889 and continued through the integration of the regions into the province of Assam with both districts being merged as the Lushai Hills until India gained independence in 1947.

After the Chin–Lushai Expedition of 1889–90, South Lushai Hills was occupied in 1889, and the following year, it was formally annexed, becoming part of Bengal Presidency. North Lushai Hills was also occupied in 1889 and became part of British Assam. In 1889, the two districts merged and continued to be part of British Assam. In 1912, it was put into British India's Assam Province.
Intraosseous eruption
Intraosseous eruption is a stage of tooth eruption that directly precedes the baby tooth emerging from the gums. This stage involves the formation of root of a tooth which allows the tooth to erupt from the bone. It precedes the supraosseous eruption phase which consists of infragingival eruption and supragingival eruption. Both the intraosseous eruption and supraosseous eruption are part of an eruption phase called prefunctional eruption.

Dental anatomy
Dental anatomy is a field of anatomy dedicated to the study of human tooth structures. The development, appearance, and classification of teeth fall within its purview. (The function of teeth as they contact one another falls elsewhere, under dental occlusion.) Tooth formation begins before birth, and the teeth's eventual morphology is dictated during this time. Dental anatomy is also a taxonomical science: it is concerned with the naming of teeth and the structures of which they are made, this information serving a practical purpose in dental treatment.

Usually, there are 20 primary ("baby") teeth and 32 permanent teeth, the last four being third molars or "wisdom teeth", each of which may or may not grow in. Among primary teeth, 10 usually are found in the maxilla (upper jaw) and the other 10 in the mandible (lower jaw). Among permanent teeth, 16 are found in the maxilla and the other 16 in the mandible. Each tooth has specific distinguishing features.
Razavi (surname)
Razavi (Persian: رضوی, romanized: Razavi) is a Persian surname from the Arabic adjective رضوي (ALA-LC: Raḍawī) meaning "of Rida" or "Reza" (Persian: رضا) in Persian. The Urdu version of this name is Rizvi.

Razavi is the surname of:

Abbas Razavi (born 1944), retired Iranian footballer

Behzad Razavi (contemporary), Iranian-American professor

Shahra Razavi (contemporary), Iranian-born academic

Reza Razavi (contemporary), professor

Mansour Razavi (contemporary), Iranian engineer and politician

Melika Razavi (born 1989) Iranian-South African beauty queen, magician and professional poker player

Atefeh Razavi (born 1969), Iranian actress and make-up artist

Sam Razavi (born 1980), English professional poker player and actor

Bita Razavi (born 1983), contemporary artist

Ahmad Razavi (1906–1971), Iranian engineer and politician

Noureddin Razavi Sarvestani (1935–2000), Iranian vocalist

Nicole Razavi (born 1965), German politician

Shahra Razavi
Shahra Razavi (Shahrashoub Razavi) is an Iranian-born academic and senior United Nations official specialising in gender and social development.  A graduate of the London School of Economics and Oxford University, Razavi is currently Director of the Social Protection Department of the International Labour Organisation in Geneva, Switzerland.
Gulzar Alam
Gulzar Alam (Pashto: ګلزار عالم) is a Pashto singer from Pakistan. He is a famous Pashto folk and Ghazal singer, musician, and composer with fan base from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and around the world. He completed his bachelor’s degree in fine-arts from the University of Peshawar. He also started learning music from renowned and leading musicians and singers (Sultani Ustaz, Ghulam Ali Ustaz and Mehdi Hassan Ustaz) of the time in 1980 and professionally started his singing career in 1982 by making a debut in Pakistan Television Centre Peshawar.

Gulzar Alam is the first Pashto singer who used his music and singing to challenge the status quo. Gulzar Alam is a pioneer of Pashto revolutionary music. He released around 1,100–1,200 music albums in his professional career as a singer.

University of Peshawar
The University of Peshawar (Pashto: د پېښور پوهنتون; Hindko: پشور یونیورسٹی; Urdu: جامعۂ پشاور; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The university is one of the oldest universities in the province, and is ranked as one of the highest rated universities in the country.
Noel Leary
Noel Leary (born 3 September 1949) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the early 1970s.

Leary, originally from Ulverstone, failed to make much of an impact at Melbourne, despite winning the reserves' best and fairest award in 1973. He did however became a prominent player in the Tasmanian Football League, firstly at Sandy Bay and then at Clarence. He captain-coached Clarence to premierships in 1979 and 1981.

He was one of the inaugural inductees into the Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame when it was launched in 2005.

Ulverstone Football Club
The Ulverstone Football Club, nicknamed the Robins, is an Australian rules football club based in Ulverstone, Tasmania, Australia. The club fields three teams in the North West Football League and also fields two junior teams in the AFL Tasmania North West Competition.
Lone Star, Missouri
Lone Star is an unincorporated community in northeast Gentry County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is on Missouri Route Y. Siloam Springs is two miles to the north and  Martinsville in adjacent Harrison County is approximately five miles to the east.

Harrison County, Missouri
Harrison County is a county located in the northwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,157. Its county seat is Bethany. The county was organized February 14, 1845, and named for U.S. Representative Albert G. Harrison of Missouri.
Krya Iteon
Krya Iteon (Greek: Κρύα Ιτεών, meaning: "The cold (area or waters) of Ities") is a neighbourhood in the southern part of the city of Patras next to the Glafkos river.

After 1922 and the Greco-Turkish War (also known as the Asia Minor Disaster), refugees arrived in large numbers and lived in the Fourth Refugee Settlement.  In the area features the area of Vasilopoulou (Βασιλόπουλου), Anastasopoulou (Αναστασόπουλου), Memou (Μέμου) and Stavropoulou (Σταυρόπουλου) in which the names comes from the owners of every area.

Glafkos (river)
The Glafkos (Greek: Γλαύκος, romanized: Gláfkos; Latin: Glaucus) is a small river in the city of Patras, Greece. It flows into the Gulf of Patras (Ionian Sea) in Patras south of the city centre. It is 26.3 km (16.3 mi) long.

A hydroelectric power plant was built on this river in 1927. Currently, it is open to the public as a museum.

Its source is in the southern part of the mountain Panachaiko, near the village Vetaiika. It flows along the villages Moira and Neo Souli, and through the southern part of the city of Patras.
Reflective subcategory
In mathematics, a full subcategory A of a category B is said to be reflective in B when the inclusion functor from A to B has a left adjoint.: 91  This adjoint is sometimes called a reflector, or localization. Dually, A is said to be coreflective in B when the inclusion functor has a right adjoint.

Informally, a reflector acts as a kind of completion operation. It adds in any "missing" pieces of the structure in such a way that reflecting it again has no further effect.

Complete metric space
In mathematical analysis, a metric space M is called complete (or a Cauchy space) if every Cauchy sequence of points in M has a limit that is also in M.

Intuitively, a space is complete if there are no "points missing" from it (inside or at the boundary). For instance, the set of rational numbers is not complete, because e.g.  is "missing" from it, even though one can construct a Cauchy sequence of rational numbers that converges to it (see further examples below). It is always possible to "fill all the holes", leading to the completion of a given space, as explained below.
Serafina and the Splintered Heart
Serafina and the Splintered Heart is an American historical fiction, fantasy novel written by Robert Beatty and published in 2017. It is the third novel in the Serafina Series and follows Serafina and the Twisted Staff. Serafina, Chief Rat Catcher and protector of the Biltmore Estate, encounters a strange and unnatural force which threatens Biltmore with wicked storms and violent floods. While fiercely fighting a battle that seems impossible, Serafina also faces questions about the value of true friendship and the power of forgiveness.

Serafina and the Splintered Heart was published on July 4, 2017 by Disney Hyperion. The release of the third book put the Serafina Series on the New York Times Best Selling Children's Series list. Serafina and the Splintered Heart is preceded by Serafina and the Black Cloak and Serafina and the Twisted Staff. A fourth book in the series, titled Serafina and the Seven Stars was published in Summer 2019.

Biltmore Estate
Biltmore Estate is a historic house museum and tourist attraction in Asheville, North Carolina. The main residence is the Biltmore House (or Biltmore Mansion), a Châteauesque-style mansion built for George Washington Vanderbilt II between 1889 and 1895. It is the largest privately owned house in the United States at 178,926 sq ft (16,622.8 m2) of floor space and 135,280 sq ft (12,568 m2) of living area. It is still owned by George Vanderbilt's descendants and remains one of the most prominent examples of Gilded Age mansions.
Orange cuttlefish
Orange cuttlefish or bittern cuttlefish is the most common English name used for the cuttlefish dish in Hong Kong daa laang (打冷) shop style Teochew cuisine.

It is often confused with siu mei, but it is not siu mei, because it is not roasted. The dish is most commonly found in South-East Asia, Southern China, Hong Kong and overseas Chinatowns.

Northern and southern China
Northern China (Chinese: 中国北方 or 中国北部; lit. 'China's North') and southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
Provinces of the Russian Empire
Provinces (Russian: Провинция) were administrative divisions of the Russian Empire that existed between 1719 and 1775.

They were the next level of division after governorates. They were established as administrative units on 29 May 1719 with an edict (ukaz) of Peter the Great.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Shuruq Al-Hwsawi
Shuruq Mohammed Zakrya Al-Hwsawi (Arabic: شروق محمد زكريا الهوساوي; born 25 November 1994) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Saudi Women's Premier League club Al Hilal and the Saudi Arabia national team.

Al Hilal SFC (women)
Al Hilal Saudi Women Football Club, commonly known as Al Hilal Ladies (Arabic: سيدات الهلال), is a Saudi professional women's football club based in the capital Riyadh. The club is currently playing in the top division of Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Women's Premier League. The club won the first women's football competition, the Kingdom Women's Community Football League in 2020.
Moses Gate
Moses Gate is a small district of Farnworth, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. Historically in Lancashire, it lies 2.6 miles (4.2 km) southeast of Bolton town centre and 10.8 miles (17.4 km) northwest of the city of Manchester.

Metropolitan Borough of Bolton
The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton (/ˈboʊltən/ ⓘ BOHL-tən) is a metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, named after its largest town, Bolton, but covering a larger area which includes Blackrod, Farnworth, Horwich, Kearsley, 
Westhoughton, and part of the West Pennine Moors. It had a population of 310,085 in 2024, making it the third-most populous district in Greater Manchester.

What is now the borough was created in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972; the area was formerly part of Lancashire. It was formed from seven urban districts from the administrative county of Lancashire, the southern part of an eighth urban district, and the county borough of Bolton. The metropolitan districts of Bury, Salford and Wigan lie to the east, south and west respectively; and the unitary authority of Blackburn with Darwen and the non-metropolitan district of Chorley in Lancashire to the north and north-west.
Triovasalos
Triovasalos is a village and a community in the island of Milos, Cyclades, Greece. According to the 2021 Greek census it had 1,379 residents. Triovasalos is adjacent to the neighboring Pera Triovasalos and the two villages together occupy two neighboring cliffs.

The main sights of the village are two churches: one of Saint Spyridon, dated to the start of the 19th century, and one of Saint George, dated to 1849.

Cyclades
The Cyclades (/ˈsɪklədiːz/; Greek: Κυκλάδες, romanized: Kykládes, IPA: [ciˈkla.ðes]) are an island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago. The name (Κυκλάδες νήσοι, Kykládes nísoi, 'encircling islands') refers to the archipelago forming a circle around the sacred island of Delos. The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos; the most populated, however, is Syros.
Iskandar (name)
Iskandar, Iskander, Skandar, Skander, Askandar, Askander, Eskandar, Eskender, Eskinder, Iskinder, Sikandar, Sikander, Skandier, Scandar, Scander or İskender (Arabic: إسكندر; Amharic: እስክንድር eskinder; Persian: اسکندر Eskandar or سکندر Skandar), is a variant of the given name Alexander in cultures such as Iran (Persia), Arabia and others throughout the Middle East, North East Africa, South Asia, Caucasus, Volga region and Central Asia. In Egypt, its bearers are mostly of Christian (Coptic) descent. Originally referring to Alexander the Great, it was transmitted through works such as the Iskandarnameh and the Sirr al-Asrar, and became a popular name for rulers in the medieval period.

The Arabic version may also add the definite-article prefix al-, giving al-ʾiskandar (Arabic: الاسكندر,الإِسْكَنْدَر).
al-Iskandarīyah ("of Alexander") is the Arabic name of the Egyptian city of Alexandria.

Article (grammar)
In grammar, an article is any of a small set of words or affixes (such as a, an, and the in English) used with nouns to limit or give definiteness to the application. The category of articles constitutes a part of speech.

Articles combine with nouns to form noun phrases, and typically specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun phrase. In English, the and a (rendered as an when followed by a vowel sound) are the definite and indefinite articles respectively. Articles in many other languages also carry additional grammatical information such as gender, number, and case. Articles are part of a broader category called determiners, which also include demonstratives, possessive determiners, and quantifiers. In linguistic interlinear glossing, articles are abbreviated as ART.
Nizhny Dzhalgan
Nizhny Dzhalgan (Russian: Нижний Джалган; Azerbaijani: Ашағы-Ҹалған, Aşağı-Calğan) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khazarsky Selsoviet, Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,841 as of 2010. There are 44 streets.

Derbentsky District
Derbentsky District (Russian: Дербе́нтский райо́н; Lezgian: Дербент район; Azerbaijani: Дәрбәнд раjонy, romanized: Dərbənd rayonu) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 822.72 square kilometers (317.65 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Derbent (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 99,054.
2006 Wyoming elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 7, 2006. All of the state's executive officers—the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction—were up for election.

Rita Meyer
Rita C. Meyer (born 1951) is an American politician who served as Wyoming State Auditor from 2007 to 2011. Instead of seeking a second term as auditor in 2010, Meyer ran unsuccessfully as a candidate in the 2010 Wyoming gubernatorial election. She lost by approximately 700 votes, garnering 29,605 votes to fellow Republican Matt Mead's 30,308 in the primary election held on August 17, 2010.
Salvador Trane Modesto
Salvador Trane Modesto (March 10, 1930 – October 11, 2015) was a Roman Catholic bishop.

Ordained to the priesthood in 1958, Modesto was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dumaguete, Philippines in 1978. In 1987, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of San Carlos retiring in 2005.

Diocese of San Carlos (Negros Occidental)
The Diocese of San Carlos (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Caroli Borromeo) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. The diocese was split off from the Diocese of Bacolod together with the Diocese of Kabankalan in 1987 and is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Jaro in Iloilo City. The seat of the cathedral is the San Carlos Borromeo Cathedral in San Carlos City, Negros Occidental.
Stolpersteine in Mikulov, Slavkov u Brna and Znojmo
The Stolpersteine in Mikulov, Slavkov u Brna and Znojmo lists the Stolpersteine in three towns of the South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj). Stolpersteine is the German name for stumbling blocks collocated all over Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They remember the fate of the Nazi victims being murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide.

Generally, the stumbling blocks are posed in front of the building where the victims had their last self chosen residence. The name of the Stolpersteine in Czech is: Kameny zmizelých, stones of the disappeared.

The lists are sortable; the basic order follows the alphabet according to the last name of the victim.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Ricochet Chollima
Ricochet Chollima (also known as APT 37, Reaper, and ScarCruft) is a North Korean state backed hacker group that is believed to have been created sometime before 2016 (probably around 2012) and is typically involved in operations against financial institutions to generate assets for North Korea, but also conducts attacks on the industrial sector in other countries. CrowdStrike has stated that the group mainly attacks a variety of South Korean organizations and individuals, including academics, journalists, and North Korean defectors. But also stated the group has also engaged in attacks against Japan, Vietnam, Hong Kong, the Middle East, Russia, and the United States. FireEye has called the group "the overlooked North Korean threat actor."

Trellix
Trellix (formerly FireEye and McAfee Enterprise) is a privately held cybersecurity company that was founded in 2022. It provides hardware, software, and services to investigate cybersecurity attacks, protect against malicious software, and analyze IT security risks.

In June 2021, FireEye sold its name and products business to Symphony Technology Group (STG) for $1.2bn. STG acquired McAfee Enterprise in an all-cash transaction for US$4.0 billion in July 2021. STG combined FireEye with McAfee's enterprise business to launch Trellix, an extended detection and response (XDR) company. McAfee Enterprise's security service edge (SSE) business operated as a separate company known as Skyhigh Security.
Amarin TV
Amarin TV, fully known as Amarin TV 34 HD (Thai: อมรินทร์ทีวี เอชดี ช่อง 34), is a Thai digital terrestrial television channel operated by Amarin Television Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Amarin Corporation PCL, which is an affiliate of the TCC Group. The channel offers a variety of content such as news, entertainment, lifestyle, food and variety programs. It was also one of the broadcasting companies that was granted a license to operate on digital television by the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission in December 2013.

Officially launched on 12 December 2012, the channel initially carried the name of "Amarin Activ TV" on 1 January 2013 but ceased operations on 31 January 2014. It was later relaunched under its current name on 25 May 2014.

Rajadamnern Stadium
Rajadamnern Stadium (Thai: สนามมวยราชดำเนิน, RTGS: Sanam Muai Ratchadamnoen, IPA: [sànǎːm mūaj râːtt͡ɕʰàdāmnɤ̄ːn]) is a sporting arena in Bangkok, Thailand. Along with Lumpinee Boxing Stadium, Rajadamnern is one of the two main stadiums for modern Muay Thai. It hosts fights everyday from Monday to Sunday. The stadium has its own ranking system and championship titles up to middleweight (160 lbs).
Menstrual stigma
Menstrual stigma, also known as period stigma, refers to the negative social and cultural perceptions, beliefs, taboos, and practices surrounding menstruation and those who menstruate. It encompasses the perception of menstruation as impure or shameful, often resulting in secrecy, emotional distress, and even discrimination. The manifestation of menstrual stigma varies across cultures and may have profound effects on mental health, social participation, school attendance, workplace involvement, healthcare access, and opportunities. The stigma impacts people across age, socioeconomic class, and gender, including transgender and nonbinary individuals. Strategies aimed at addressing menstrual stigma typically involve education, awareness, and equity initiatives.

Menstruation and mental health
Menstruation and mental health are closely connected, as hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle influence mood, cognition, and emotional well-being. Many individuals experience mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and depression in the days leading up to menstruation, a cluster of symptoms commonly referred to as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). In more severe cases, individuals may develop premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a condition characterized by intense mood disturbances, cognitive impairments, and somatic symptoms that follow a cyclical pattern. Additionally, menstruation can exacerbate preexisting mental health conditions. The interplay between hormonal changes, neurochemical activity, and psychological health has been a growing focus of scientific research and public discourse.