hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Leonard's Hall
St Leonard's Hall is a mid-nineteenth century baronial style building within the Pollock Halls of Residence site of the University of Edinburgh.

The hall was designed by John Lessels, and built in 1869-1870 for Thomas Nelson Junior, of the Thomas Nelson family of publishers. It features pepper-pot turrets and a tower with corbelled-out bartizans and a cap-house which is said to be reminiscent of a Highland Croft House. The ceilings were painted by Thomas Bonnar (1800-1874).

Bartizan
A bartizan (an alteration of bratticing), also called a guerite, garita, or échauguette, or spelled bartisan, is an overhanging turret projecting from the walls of late-medieval and early-modern fortifications from the early 14th century up to the 18th century. Most frequently found at corners, they protected a warder and enabled him to see his surroundings. Bartizans are generally furnished with oillets or arrow slits. The turret was usually supported by stepped masonry corbels and could be round, polygonal or square.

Bartizans were incorporated into many notable examples of Scottish Baronial architecture. In the architecture of Aberdeen, the new Town House, built in 1868–74, incorporates bartizans in the West Tower.
Dolmar (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Dolmar is a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Schwarza. It was disbanded on 1 January 2012.It was succeeded shortly after

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Dolmar consisted of the following municipalities:

Christes

Dillstädt

Kühndorf

Rohr

Schwarza

Utendorf

50°37′01″N 10°31′01″E﻿ / ﻿50.617°N 10.517°E﻿ / 50.617; 10.517

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
Hauke
Hauke, pronounced [ˈhɔukə], is a fairly common Frisian masculine given name. According to onomatologist Rienk de Haan, this name developed from a reduced form of Germanic names starting with either Habuk- (meaning "hawk") or with Hug- (meaning "brain").

In the West Frisian language, masculine given names can usually be adapted to equivalent feminine given names. In the case of Hauke, this is accomplished by dropping the voiceless final syllable and adding a diminutive suffix in its place (in this case -je), resulting in Haukje. This is a reasonably common name in the Dutch province of Friesland, though often spelled Houkje, as Hauke is often spelled Houke there.

Onomastics
Onomastics (or onomatology in older texts) is the study of proper names, including their etymology, history, and use.

An alethonym ('true name') or an orthonym ('real name') is the proper name of the object in question, the object of onomastic study. Scholars studying onomastics are called onomasticians.

Onomastics has applications in data mining, with applications such as named-entity recognition, or recognition of the origin of names. It is a popular approach in historical research, where it can be used to identify ethnic minorities within populations and for the purpose of prosopography.
McDonald's Pakistan
McDonald's Pakistan is the Pakistani franchise of the international fast food chain, McDonald's, owned and operated by SIZA Foods. Its first restaurant was established in Lahore, followed by a second restaurant a week later in Karachi, in September 1998.

McDonald's Pakistan currently operates 83 outlets across 24 major cities nationwide, serving millions of customers. Its franchise locations include Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Multan, Hyderabad, Sargodha, Bahawalpur, Sialkot, Sukkur, Sheikhupura, Rahim Yar Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Gujrat, Sahiwal, Quetta and Jhelum. The largest number of outlets is in Lahore, followed by Karachi and Islamabad-Rawalpindi.

Rahim Yar Khan
Rahim Yar Khan (Urdu: رحیم یار خان, romanized: Rahīm Yār Khān; Urdu pronunciation: [ɾəɦiːm jɑːɾ xɑːn]) is a city in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 21st most populous city in Pakistan and is the capital of the Rahim Yar Khan District. The city's administration is divided into nine union councils. Originally named Noshehra, it was renamed to Rahim Yar Khan in honour of the son of Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV.
Mahasin mosque attack
The Hofuf attack occurred on 29 January 2016 during Friday prayers at Al-Ridha mosque in the Mahasin district of Al Hofuf, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. The attack left four people plus the attacker dead and 18 others injured. The attack consisted of a shooting and suicide bombing and was allegedly directed by ISIL.

The two attackers, Abdurrahman Abdullah Suleiman al-Tuwaijiri (22-year old Saudi citizen) and Talha Hisham Mohammed Abda (Egyptian national), attempted to detonate themselves during Friday prayers at the mosque. Whilst Abdurrahman successfully blew himself up, Talha failed and he was arrested after the attacks.

Hofuf
Al-Hofuf   (Arabic: ٱلْهُفُوف al-Hufūf, also spelled Hofuf or Hufuf, also known as "Al-Hasa", "Al-Ahsa" or "Al-Hassa") is the major urban city in the Al-Ahsa Governorate in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, with a population of  729,606 (as of 2022). It is known for being one of the largest date producing areas in the world, and for its old markets and palaces.
Aquae Arnemetiae
53°15′32″N 1°54′54″W﻿ / ﻿53.259°N 1.915°W﻿ / 53.259; -1.915

Aquae Arnemetiae was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. The settlement was based around its natural warm springs. The Roman occupation ran from around 75 AD to 410 AD. Today it is the town of Buxton, Derbyshire in England.

Aquae Arnemetiae means 'Waters of Arnemetia'. Arnemetia was the Romano-British goddess of the sacred grove (the name Arnemetia was derived from the Celtic for beside the sacred grove). The town was recorded as Aquis Arnemeza in the Ravenna Cosmography's list of all known places in the world in about 700 AD. The entry is between places with which the town had road connections: Nauione (Navio Roman fort at Brough), Zerdotalia (Ardotalia, later called Melandra fort, near Glossop) and Mantio (Manchester).

Romano-British culture
The Romano-British culture arose in Britain under the Roman Empire following the Roman conquest in AD 43 and the creation of the province of Britannia. It arose as a fusion of the imported Roman culture with that of the indigenous Britons, a people of Celtic language and custom.

Scholars such as Christopher Snyder believe that during the 5th and 6th centuries – approximately from 410 when the Roman legions withdrew, to 597 when St Augustine of Canterbury arrived – southern Britain preserved an active sub-Roman culture that survived the attacks from the Anglo-Saxons and even used a vernacular Latin when writing.
Editorial URSS
Editorial URSS is a Russian scientific literature publishing house (textbooks, monographs, journals, proceedings of Russian institutes and universities, etc.).  Since 1995, Editorial URSS has issued more than 9000 items in Russian, Spanish, and English.

About 200 books have been issued by Editorial URSS in collaboration with Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russian Foundation of Humanities and the Open Society Foundations.  These books on science and nature (physics, mathematics, chemistry), biology, ecology, medicine, synergetics, social sciences (economics, politics, history, psychology, sociology, philology, languages, etc.) are aimed to the general public.

Books published by URSS around 2005-2007 were sometimes published under the imprint "KomKniga".

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Fernand Herrmann
Fernand Herrmann (21 February 1886 – April 1925) was a French silent film actor.

He starred in some 26 films between 1914 and 1925.

He appeared in films such as the Louis Feuillade-directed Les Vampires serial that ran in installments from 1915 to 1916, and Barabbas in 1920.

Louis Feuillade
Louis Feuillade (French: [lwi fœjad]; 19 February 1873 – 25 February 1925) was a French filmmaker of the silent era. Between 1906 and 1924, he directed over 630 films. He is primarily known for the crime serials Fantômas, Les Vampires and Judex made between 1913 and 1916, which he produced and directed while he was the artistic director of the Gaumont company.
Leighton Baines
Leighton John Baines (born 11 December 1984) is an English professional football coach and former player who played as a left-back. He is the assistant manager of Premier League club Everton.

Baines started his career with Wigan Athletic, and was part of the team that won the Second Division in the 2002–03 season and was a runner-up in the 2004–05 Championship and the 2006 League Cup final. He joined Everton in 2007, helping them reach the 2009 FA Cup final. He played for England at under-21 and senior levels. Baines was included in the England squads at UEFA Euro 2012 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

He retired from playing in July 2020, going on to integrate into coaching. Baines occupied a dual role at Everton, serving as the manager of their under-18 team and as a professional development coach for the club's Academy. He contributed to a brief spell as interim manager in 2025, before being promoted to the first-team coaching staff.

2009 FA Cup final
The 2009 FA Cup final was the 128th final of the world's oldest domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. The final was played at Wembley Stadium in London on 30 May 2009 and marked the third time that the final has been staged at the stadium since it was rebuilt. The match was contested by Chelsea, who beat Arsenal 2–1 in their semi-final, and Everton who beat Manchester United 4–2 on penalties after a 0–0 draw after extra time. After Louis Saha opened the scoring after just 25 seconds, which is the second fastest ever goal in an FA Cup Final, Didier Drogba equalised in the 21st minute before Frank Lampard scored the winner with 19 minutes left to play to give Chelsea their fifth FA Cup success.
Barton Appler Bean
Barton Appler Bean (May 21, 1860, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania – June 16, 1947, in Chemung, New York) was an American ichthyologist.

He was the brother of the ichthyologist Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916). He obtained a job at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington in 1881, where he worked for his brother. Barton became assistant in 1886 and assistant curator of the Division of Fishes in 1890. He retained this position until his retirement in 1932. Barton Bean also worked for the United States Fish Commission as an investigator. He died after falling from a bridge.

United States Fish Commission
The United States Fish Commission, formally known as the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, was an agency of the United States government created in 1871 to investigate, promote, and preserve the fisheries of the United States. In 1903, it was reorganized as the United States Bureau of Fisheries, sometimes referred to as the United States Fisheries Service, which operated until 1940. In 1940, the Bureau of Fisheries was abolished when its personnel and facilities became part of the newly created Fish and Wildlife Service, under the United States Department of the Interior.
Lick a Shot
"Lick a Shot" is a UK exclusive single by American hip hop group Cypress Hill, released in 1994 by Ruffhouse and Columbia Records. The song originally appeared on the group's second album, Black Sunday (1993) and reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart. It was written by group members Louis Freese and Lawrence Muggerud and produced by the latter. "Lick a Shot" was interpolated at the end of the Korn song "Blind".

Ruffhouse Records
Ruffhouse Records is an American record label founded in 1989 by Chris Schwartz and Joe Nicolo as a joint venture with Columbia Records. In 1999, Schwartz and Nicolo closed the label, and Schwartz and Kevon Glickman continued with RuffNation Records. Ruffhouse's artist roster at the time of its original closing included The Fugees, Cypress Hill, Kris Kross, Wyclef Jean, Lauryn Hill, and Leela James.

The label was relaunched on July 12, 2012, through EMI, with Beanie Sigel as the first artist to be out through its relaunch with the release of his album This Time (2012).
1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo
The 1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the fifth edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1951 edition were retained with no additions. Ferdinand Kübler won his second edition, having previously won in 1950. Italy won the nations championship.

Ferdinand Kübler
Ferdinand Kübler (pronounced [ˈfɛrdinand ˈkyːblər]; 24 July 1919 – 29 December 2016) was a Swiss cyclist with 71 professional victories, including the 1950 Tour de France and the 1951 World Road Race Championship.
Henderson House (Dumfries, Virginia)
The Henderson House is a historic U.S. home located in Dumfries, Virginia. Alexander Henderson built this home in the late 18th century near the Old Post Road (King's Highway). Alexander Henderson was the father of Archibald Henderson, fifth Commandant of the Marine Corps. During the American Revolutionary War, the Hendersons entertained many important officers and men in this house. During the American Civil War, both the Confederate and the Union armies used the house as a hospital depending on which occupied the area. A cannonball struck the house during the American Civil War and remained lodged in the west wall for about 100 years until a souvenir hunter stole it in the 1960s.

Military hospital
A military hospital is a hospital owned or operated by a military. They are often reserved for the use of military personnel and their dependents, but in some countries are made available to civilians as well. They may or may not be located on a military base; many are not.

In the United Kingdom and Germany, British military hospitals have been closed; military personnel are usually treated in a special wing of a designated civilian hospital, in the UK, these are referred to as a Ministry of Defence Hospital Unit. Service personnel injured in combat operations are normally treated at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine.
1938 South Atlantic League season
The 1938 South Atlantic League was a Class B baseball season played between April 26 and September 5. Eight teams played a 144-game schedule, with the top four teams qualifying for the playoffs.

The Macon Peaches won the South Atlantic League championship, defeating the Savannah Indians in the final round of the playoffs.

Columbia Senators
The Columbia Senators was the first name of an American minor league baseball franchise representing Columbia, South Carolina, in the original South Atlantic League. Currently, Columbia is home of the Columbia Fireflies in the South Atlantic League.
Allium zebdanense
Allium zebdanense is a Middle Eastern species of wild onion found in Israel, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Caucasus and Jordan. It is a bulb-forming perennial with an umbel of cream-colored flowers.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Jim Trifunov
James Trifunov (July 18, 1903 – June 27, 1993) was a Canadian freestyle wrestler who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics, the 1928 Summer Olympics and 1932 Summer Olympics. His parents Mr. and Mrs. Rade Trifunov came from Jarkovac, Austria-Hungary, now Serbia, to Canada in March 1902 and settled in Truax, Saskatchewan, where James was born the following year.

Truax, Saskatchewan
Truax is an unincorporated community in the Rural Municipality of Elmsthorpe No. 100, Saskatchewan, Canada. It held village status prior to December 30, 1970. Truax is located 80 km (50 mi) southwest of Regina and approximately 75 km (47 mi) southeast of Moose Jaw.
Harry Dornbrand
Harry Dornbrand (November 10, 1922 – May 8, 2022) was an American aerospace engineer, and a leading figure in the development of satellite technologies during the early space race era. He served as Vice President, then President of Fairchild Industries Space and Electronics division, Vice President of Fairchild Industries (the parent corporation), and President of American Satellite Corporation, a Fairchild subsidiary. The technologies and projects he developed and managed for Fairchild and NASA in the 1960s and 1970s were critical for the advancement of satellite technology worldwide and pioneered new applications like geosynchronous satellite television broadcasting and orbital scientific experimentation. He was a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. In 1974 he was awarded the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal for his success managing the ATS-6 satellite program.

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering. The AIAA is the U.S. representative on the International Astronautical Federation and the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. In 2015, it had more than 30,000 members among aerospace professionals worldwide (a majority are American or live in the United States).
Cedar Lake (St. Croix County, Wisconsin)
Cedar Lake is a lake located in St. Croix County and Polk County, Wisconsin, 3.5 miles west of Star Prairie. Cedar Lake is best known for its Muskellunge (Muskie) fishing. The lake is 1,120 acres (450 ha) in area and has a maximum depth of 32 ft (9.8 m). Fish commonly found in this lake include Northern Pike, Large Mouth Bass, Panfish, and small mouth bass. According to a 2016 Cedar Fisheries report published by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Cedar Lake is stocked with approximately 1000 musky fingerlings on a biennial basis. It is a “Trend Lake” and is surveyed on a four-year rotation.

St. Croix County, Wisconsin
St. Croix County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 93,536. Its county seat is Hudson. The county was created in 1840 (then in the Wisconsin Territory) and organized in 1849. St. Croix County is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Between 2000 and 2010, it was Wisconsin's fastest-growing county. Its growth has continued since 2010 in part due to people moving out of the central Minneapolis-St. Paul counties and into St. Croix County.
2006 Minnesota Senate election
The 2006 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 7, 2006, to elect members to the Senate of the 85th and 86th Minnesota Legislatures. A primary election was held in several districts on September 12, 2006.

The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) won a majority of seats, remaining the majority party, followed by the Republican Party of Minnesota. The new Legislature convened on January 3, 2007.

85th Minnesota Legislature
The eighty-fifth Minnesota Legislature first convened on January 3, 2007. The 67 members of the Minnesota Senate and the 134 members of the Minnesota House of Representatives were all elected during the General Election on November 7, 2006.
Kathrin Hölzl
Kathrin Hölzl (born 18 July 1984) is a retired World Cup alpine ski racer from Germany.  Born in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, she was the gold medalist in the giant slalom at the 2009 World Championships.

Hölzl made her World Cup debut in December 2001 in Val d'Isère, France. Following her world championship in February 2009, she scored her first World Cup victory in a giant slalom at Aspen in November, followed by another win in December at Lienz. She made two additional podiums and won the World Cup giant slalom title for the 2010 season. In October 2013 Hölzl announced her retirement from the sport after struggling with injuries and illness for several years, having last competed in a World Cup race in December 2011.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
Thami Ntuli
Arthur Thamsanqa Ntuli (born 11 November 1973) is a South African politician who serves as the premier of KwaZulu-Natal since 2024. He is the Provincial Chairperson of the Inkatha Freedom Party. He was the mayor of the Nkandla Local Municipality from 2021 to 2024, and the mayor of the King Cetshwayo District Municipality from 2012 to 2021.

National Freedom Party
The National Freedom Party (NFP) is a South African political party. It was launched on 25 January 2011 by Zanele kaMagwaza-Msibi, former chairperson of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), along with other former IFP members. Similar to the IFP, the party's main base is in KwaZulu-Natal.
Evergreen Theatre
Evergreen Theatre was a touring educational, environmental, and science-based theatre company for young audiences from kindergarten to Grade six in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It was a non-profit charitable organization and was operated by the Evergreen Theatre Society.

Evergreen produced musical theatre touring shows and artist-in-residency programs for schools, as well as workshops, presentations, and activities for conferences and organizations nationwide. Evergreen's environmental science-themed shows were performed at elementary schools, with opportunities for students to be in the shows.

The company also provided accessible and affordable community spaces for art, theatre, and dance. Over eighty arts and community organizations used the spaces for rehearsals, workshops, and performances.

Artist-in-residence
Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that provide artists with space and resources to support their artistic practice. Contemporary artist residencies are becoming increasingly thematic, with artists working together with their host in pursuit of a specific outcome related to a particular theme.