hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chattri, Brighton
The Chattri is a war memorial in the English city of Brighton and Hove. It is sited 500 feet (150 m) above the city on the South Downs above the suburb of Patcham, and is accessible only by bridleway. It stands on the site where 53 (37 Hindu and 16 Sikh) Indian soldiers who fought for the British Empire were cremated during the First World War. The structure has Grade II listed status, reflecting its architectural and historic importance. In 2017, as part of the 100th anniversary of World War I, the site of the Chattri was dedicated as a Fields in Trust Centenary Field because of its local heritage and significance.

Fields in Trust
Fields in Trust is a British charity set up in 1925 as the National Playing Fields Association (NPFA), by Brigadier-General Reginald Kentish and the Duke of York, later King George VI, who was the first president, which protects parks and green spaces and promotes the cause of accessible spaces for play, sports and recreation in British cities and towns.

As well as campaigning to protect playing fields and open space, Fields in Trust legally protects the King George's Fields, 471 public recreation grounds set up as a memorial to King George V.
3771 Alexejtolstoj
3771 Alexejtolstoj (provisional designation 1974 SB3) is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 September 1974, by Russian–Ukrainian astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after writer Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy.

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO, observatory code: 095) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of Bakhchysarai, on the Crimean peninsula. CrAO is often called simply by its location and campus name, Crimea–Nauchnij, still ranks among the worldwide most prolific discovery sites for minor planets.

CrAO has also been publishing the Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory since 1947, in English since 1977. The observatory facilities (IAU code 095) are located on territory of settlement of Nauchnyi since the mid-1950s; before that, they were further south, near Simeiz. The latter facilities still see some use, and are referred to as the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory–Simeiz (IAU code 094).
Eugenia de Montijo (Madrid Metro)
Eugenia de Montijo [ewˈxenja ðe monˈtixo] is a station on Line 5 of the Madrid Metro, named for the Calle de Eugenia de Montijo, which is named after Eugénie de Montijo (1826–1920), a Spanish noblewoman who was Empress of the French as wife of Napoléon III. It is located in fare Zone A.

Eugénie de Montijo
Eugénie de Montijo (French: [øʒeni də mɔ̃tiʁo]; born María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick; 5 May 1826 – 11 July 1920) was Empress of the French from her marriage to Napoleon III on 30 January 1853 until he was overthrown on 4 September 1870. From 28 July to 4 September 1870, she was the de facto head of state of France.

Born to prominent Spanish nobility, Eugénie was educated in France, Spain, and England. As Empress, she used her influence to champion "authoritarian and clerical policies"; her involvement in politics earned her much criticism from contemporaries. Napoléon and Eugénie had one child together, Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial (1856–1879). After the fall of the Empire, the three lived in exile in England; Eugénie outlived both her husband and son and spent the remainder of her life working to commemorate their memories and the memory of the Second French Empire.
Alexandra Secondary College
Alexandra Secondary College is a public coeducational school situated in Downey Street, Alexandra, Victoria.

Alexandra is a rural township 100 kilometres north-east of Melbourne. The school provides secondary education for students from a number of small townships/districts including Eildon, Taggerty, Thornton, Marysville, Narbethong, Buxton, Merton, Yarck and Molesworth. Many of these communities were affected by the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires in 2009. In line with demographic changes enrolment has fallen gradually to 300. It is anticipated that enrolments will stabilise at around 340.

Narbethong, Victoria
Narbethong is a town in central Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Maroondah Highway, 87 kilometres (54 mi) north east of the state capital, Melbourne. At the 2021 census, Narbethong had a population of 201.
William L. Driver
William Lloyd Driver (November 7, 1883 – November 29, 1941) was an American college football and college basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Washburn University from 1911 to 1912, at the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) from 1913 to 1914, at Texas Christian University (TCU) from 1920 to 1921, at the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture—now University of California, Davis—from 1923 to 1927, and at Loyola College of Los Angeles—now Loyola Marymount University—in 1929, compiling a career college football record of 58–45–7. Driver was also the head basketball coach at Texas A&M University, TCU, and Cal Aggies, tallying a career college basketball mark of 67–56.

Driver was born in Missouri in 1883. He died in California in 1941.

Washburn University
Washburn University (WU), formally Washburn University of Topeka, is a public university in Topeka, Kansas, United States. It offers undergraduate and graduate programs as well as professional programs in law and business. The university enrolls approximately 5,000 undergraduate students and 700 graduate students as of 2023. As of 2008, Washburn also took over overseeing the nearby Washburn Tech.
1888 North Canterbury earthquake
The 1888 North Canterbury earthquake occurred at 4:10 am on 1 September following a sequence of foreshocks that started the previous evening, and whose epicentre was in the North Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. The epicentre was approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Hanmer.

In Christchurch, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of the epicentre, shaking lasted for 40 to 50 seconds. The magnitude of the earthquake is estimated to be in the range 7.0–7.3. Severe damage to farm buildings in the epicentral region was reported and the top 7.8 metres (26 ft) of the spire of ChristChurch Cathedral collapsed. It was the first earthquake observed to be associated with mainly horizontal fault displacement.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Tako Domain
Tako Domain (多胡藩, Tako-han) was a minor feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, located in Shimōsa Province (the northern portion of Chiba Prefecture Japan. It was centered on what is now part of the town of Tako in Katori District. It was ruled for most of its history by the Matsudaira (Hisamatsu) clan.

Matsudaira clan
The Matsudaira clan (松平氏, Matsudaira-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture).  During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of the Matsudaira clan, Matsudaira Motoyasu became a powerful regional daimyo under Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi and changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu. He subsequently seized power as the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan during the Edo period until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, many cadet branches of the clan retained the Matsudaira surname, and numerous new branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu. Some of those branches were also of daimyō status.

After the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the han system, the Tokugawa and Matsudaira clans became part of the new kazoku nobility.
Florizel and Perdita
Florizel and Perdita is an 1837 genre painting by the Anglo-American artist Charles Robert Leslie. It features a scene from William Shakespeare's Jacobean play The Winter's Tale. Drawn from Act IV, Scene 4 of the play, it depicts the princess Perdita in disguise with flowers alongside her secret lover Prince Florizel who is disguised as a shepherd. Seated on the right are his father King Polixenes and a Sicilian nobleman Camillo. On the left stands Dorcas, a real shepherdess .

Such depictions of popular literature were fashionable in the late Regency and early Victorian era. Leslie himself, born on London to American parents, produced a number of works based on Shakespeare and other celebrated authors. The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1837 at the National Gallery in London. Acquired by the art collector John Sheepshanks, he donated it to the newly-established Victoria and Albert Museum in 1857 as part of the Sheepshanks Gift.

Princess
Princess is a title used by a female member of a regnant monarch's family or by a female ruler of a principality. The male equivalent is a prince (from Latin princeps, meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a monarch. A crown princess can be the heir apparent to the throne or the spouse of the heir apparent.
Chris Maguire
Christopher Patrick Joseph Maguire (born 16 January 1989) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Scottish League One side Cove Rangers. He made two international appearances for Scotland in 2011.

Scottish League One
The Scottish League One, known as William Hill League One for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League One was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
1978 in Bangladesh
1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1978th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 978th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 78th  year of the 20th century, and the  9th   year of the 1970s decade.

The year 1978 was the 7th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the second year of the Government of Ziaur Rahman.

Nurul Momen
Nurul Momen (25 November 1908 – 16 February 1990) was a Bangladeshi playwright, educator, director, broadcast personality, orator, humorist, dramatist, academician, satirist, belletrist, essayist, columnist, translator and poet. He served as a faculty member in the capacities of professor and dean at the Faculty of Law in the University of Dhaka. He also served as a lawyer. He is called "Father of Bangladeshi theatre" and "Natyaguru" (or Natyo Guru or Natto Guru) of Bangladesh (The Grand Teacher of Drama and Theatre).  He was awarded the Bangla Academy Award in 1961. He was also honoured by the People's Republic of Bangladesh with the Ekushey Padak in 1978.
Permafrost (album)
Permafrost is the third solo album from German ambient music producer, Thomas Köner. Considered by many as his greatest work, he further develops the icy drone style of previous works, making its climax in the title track.  In 1996, the album was re-issued by Mille Plateaux along with his previous album, Teimo, on one disc.

Mille Plateaux (record label)
Mille Plateaux is a German record label founded in 1994 by Achim Szepanski in Frankfurt, as a sublabel of Force Inc. Music Works. Its releases in the fields of minimal techno, glitch music and other experimental electronic music have a lasting influence.
Mmabatho Stadium
Mmabatho Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Mafikeng, South Africa.  It is currently used mostly for football matches.  The stadium holds 59,000 people and was designed and built in 1981 by an Israeli construction firm.

The design of the stadium is almost identical to that of the Odi Stadium located in Mabopane.

Mabopane
Mabopane is a large residential township located about 22 km north-west of Pretoria, within the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa. The 2011 census counted roughly 110,972 residents, predominantly Setswana speakers.
Frog Hollow Road Bridge
The Frog Hollow Road Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge that carries Frog Hollow Road over a minor tributary of the South Branch Raritan River in Tewksbury Township of Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Built between 1860 and 1873, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 2002, for its significance in engineering and transportation. It was listed as part of the Historic Bridges of Tewksbury Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Multiple Property Submission (MPS).

The bridge is a single-arch rubble stone bridge that carries a narrow rural road over Frog Hollow Brook, a minor tributary of the South Branch Raritan River. The brook joins the river at Califon. According to the nomination form, it is "characterized by extraordinarily rough construction".

Rubble masonry
Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses. It may form an outer surface of a wall, or fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar. Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt.
Osaka Municipal College of Design
Osaka Municipal College of Design (大阪市立デザイン教育研究所, Ōsaka Shiritsu Dezain Kyōiku Kenkyūsho) is a public art college run by the city of Osaka. It is called OMCD for short. OMCD was founded in 1988 as an institution of continuous vocational education and is a sister institution to the Osaka City Kogei High School.

Art school
An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on practice and related theory in the visual arts and design. This includes fine art – especially illustration, painting, contemporary art, sculpture, and graphic design.   They may be independent or operate within a larger institution, such as a university. Some may be associated with an art museum.

Art schools may be organized to offer elementary, secondary, post-secondary, undergraduate, or graduate programs, and can also offer a broad-based range of programs (such as the liberal arts and sciences). In the West there have been six major periods of art school curricula, and each one has had its own hand in developing modern institutions worldwide throughout all levels of education. Art schools also teach a variety of non-academic skills to many students.
Returnal (album)
Returnal is the fourth studio album by American electronic musician Daniel Lopatin under the alias Oneohtrix Point Never, released on June 22, 2010, by Editions Mego. It develops the synthesizer-based compositions of Lopatin's previous work, while also incorporating elements of noise music and his own processed vocals. The album received positive reviews from critics, and was named among the best albums of 2010 by several publications, including Fact, The Wire, and Tiny Mix Tapes.

Stephen O'Malley
Stephen O'Malley (sometimes referred to as SOMA; born July 15, 1974) is an American guitarist, producer, composer, and visual artist from Seattle, Washington, who has conceptualized and participated in numerous drone metal, doom metal, and experimental music bands, most notably Sunn O))).
Virtual Bart
Virtual Bart is a 1994 video game developed by Sculptured Software and published by Acclaim Entertainment for the Super NES and Sega Genesis. It is based on the American animated television series The Simpsons and features Bart Simpson and other Simpsons characters.

The official guide to the game (Virtual Bart Official Game Secrets, Prima Publishing, 1995; re-published by the author, 2019) was written by Steve Schwartz. Although originally slated to be a guide to all Simpsons games, it took over a year to obtain the necessary permissions, limiting its coverage to only Virtual Bart.

Prima Games
Prima Games is a website owned by Gamurs that covers video game news and tips. Founded in 1990, it was formerly a publishing company of print and digital strategy guides for video games. Random House acquired the company in 2001. In 2015, Prima Games merged with BradyGames, an imprint of DK, where it continued to operate under the Prima name. In 2019, DK announced that Prima Games would cease the production of strategy guides, later selling the company to Asteri Holdings the same year. Gamurs acquired Prima Games in 2022.
Alvo (river)
The Alvo is a river in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. The source of the river is located in the province of Potenza between Pietragalla and Vaglio Basilicata. It flows north near Pietragalla and curves eastward north of Cancellara and south of the Bradano. The river then flows southeast near Oppido Lucano, Tolve, and San Chirico Nuovo before curving northeast. It then crosses the border into the province of Matera and joins the Bradano west of Irsina.

Pietragalla
Pietragalla is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bordered by the comuni of Acerenza, Avigliano, Cancellara, Forenza, Potenza, Vaglio Basilicata.
Blowtorch
A blowtorch, also referred to as a blowlamp, is an ambient air fuel-burning tool used for applying flame and heat to various applications, usually in metalworking, but occasionally for foods like crème brûlée.

Flame
A flame (from Latin  flamma) is the visible, gaseous part of a fire. It is caused by a highly exothermic chemical reaction made in a thin zone. When flames are hot enough to have ionized gaseous components of sufficient density, they are then considered plasma.
Vegetarianism and wine
Vegetarian or vegan wines are wines created without the use of animal-based fining agents. Wine production often involves a fining (or "clarifying") process, in which fining agents are added to wine to remove proteins, yeast, and other suspended organic particles, and later filtered out. Fining agents can be either animal, carbon, or clay-based. Animal-based fining agents include gelatin, isinglass, egg white (albumen), and casein. The use of any animal-based agents preclude a wine from being vegan, while vegetarian wines can still use animal products that do not require slaughter, such as eggs and milk.

Since the fining agent is filtered back out of the wine, the labelling of these additives is not required or regulated in most places. However, the use of animal-derived additives in wine production is a matter of ethical concern in vegetarianism and veganism.

Finings
Finings are substances that are usually added at or near the completion of the processing of making wine, beer, and various nonalcoholic juice beverages. They are used to remove compounds, either to improve clarity or adjust flavor or aroma. The removed compounds may be sulfides, proteins, polyphenols, benzenoids, or copper ions. Unless they form a stable sediment in the final container, the spent finings are usually discarded from the beverage along with the target compounds that they capture.

Substances used as finings include egg whites, blood, milk, isinglass, and Irish moss. These are still used by some producers, but more modern substances have also been introduced and are more widely used, including bentonite, gelatin, casein, carrageenan, alginate, diatomaceous earth, pectinase, pectolyase, PVPP, kieselsol (colloidal silica), copper sulfate, dried albumen (egg whites), hydrated yeast, and activated carbon.
Mmusi Kgafela
Mmusi Kgafela is a Motswana politician, lawyer, and educator. He has served as the Minister of Trade and Industry in Botswana, a position he is recorded as holding in the Parliamentary Hansard by February 2022. He previously represented the Mochudi West constituency in the National Assembly.

Mochudi
Mochudi is one of the larger villages in Botswana with a population of 50,321 people in 2022. It is situated in the Bakgatla tribal region, in Kgatleng District, about 37 km (23 mi) northeast of Gaborone. The village lies several kilometres from the main Gaborone–Francistown road (A1 road), and can be accessed through a short turn at Pilane. Mochudi was settled by the Tswana people in 1871. The main attraction in Mochudi is the Phuthadikobo Museum which is perched at the top of a hill and holds a rich history of Bakgatla tribe and Batswana in general.
Burial of Jesus
The burial of Jesus refers to the burial or entombment of the body of Jesus after his crucifixion before the eve of the sabbath. This event is described in the New Testament. According to the canonical gospel narratives, he was placed in a tomb by a councillor of the Sanhedrin named Joseph of Arimathea; according to Acts 13:28–29, he was laid in a tomb by "the council as a whole". In art, it is often called the Entombment of Christ.

Holy Saturday
Holy Saturday (Latin: Sabbatum Sanctum), also known as Great and Holy Saturday, Low Saturday, the Great Sabbath, Hallelujah Saturday, Saturday of the Glory, Easter Eve, Joyous Saturday, the Saturday of Light, Good Saturday, or Black Saturday, among other names, is the final day of Holy Week, between Good Friday and Easter Sunday, and when Christians prepare for the Christian feast of Easter.

The day commemorates the Harrowing of Hell while Jesus Christ's body lay in the tomb. Christians of the Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican denominations begin the celebration of the Easter Vigil service on Holy Saturday, which provides a transition to the season of Eastertide; in the Moravian Christian tradition, graves are decorated with flowers during the day of Holy Saturday and the celebration of the sunrise service starts before dawn on Easter Sunday. Congregations of the Reformed and Methodist denominations may hold either the Easter Vigil or an Easter Sunday sunrise service.
Grand Valley Provincial Park
Grand Valley Provincial Park is a provincial park located in the Assiniboine River Valley in Manitoba, Canada, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of Brandon. It is 26.19 hectares (0.1011 sq mi) in size. It was designated as a Provincial Park in 1961.

The park is located in the Stockton eco-district within the Aspen Parkland eco-region. This eco-region is part of the Prairies eco-zone.

Prairies Ecozone
The Prairies Ecozone is a Canadian terrestrial ecozone which spans the southern areas of the Prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. It is a productive agricultural area, and is commonly referred to as "Canada's breadbasket". Farmland covers about 94% of the land, and is the dominant domestic economic activity of the zone, as well as an important factor in Canadian foreign trade. Natural gas and oil are abundant in the area.  The corresponding Level II ecoregion of the US Environmental Protection Agency is the Great Plains Ecoregion.
Ferfer (woreda)
Ferfer (Somali: Feerfeer) is a woreda in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, named after its major town, Ferfer. Part of the Gode Zone, Ferfer is bordered on the west by Mustahil, on the north by the Korahe Zone, and on the east and south by the Provisional Administrative Line with Somalia. The Shebelle River flows through this woreda.

The average elevation in this woreda is 422 meters above sea level. As of 2008, Ferfer has 41 kilometers of asphalt road, 60 of all-weather gravel road, and 314 kilometers of community roads; about 21.2% of the total population has access to drinking water.

The October 2007 flooding by the Shebelle River displaced approximately 5,000 people in this woreda, and devastated kebeles that had not been affected in the worst flooding of 2006.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.