hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fred Gage
Fred "Rusty" Gage (born October 8, 1950) is an American geneticist known for his discovery of stem cells in the adult human brain. Gage is a former president (2018–2023) of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he holds the Vi and John Adler Chair for Research on Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease and works in the Laboratory of Genetics.

Gage concentrates on the adult central nervous system and the unexpected plasticity and adaptability that remains throughout the life of all mammals. His work may lead to methods of replacing brain tissue lost to stroke or Alzheimer's disease and repairing spinal cords damaged by trauma.

International Society for Stem Cell Research
The International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) is an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Evanston, Illinois, United States. The organization's mission is to promote excellence in stem cell science and applications to human health.
Immanuel Ness
Immanuel Ness (born June 17, 1958) is an American political scientist who teaches at City University of New York's Brooklyn College. His academic focus is on workers' organization, migration, mobilization and politics. He is also a labour activist.

Ness is known for his contributions regarding worker's movements and party formation in the Global South, and has worked with leading activists in India, Southern Africa, East and Southeast Asia. In 1990, he founded the New York Unemployed Committee. He is author and editor of numerous articles and academic and popular books on labour, worker insurgencies and trade unions. Most notably, he worked with Mexican workers, unions, and community organizations in New York City to establish a code of conduct for migrant laborers in 2001 who were paid below minimum wage.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
SAE International
SAE International is a global professional association and standards organization based in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States.  Formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers, the organization adopted its current name in 2006 to reflect both its international membership and the increased scope of its activities beyond automotive engineering and the automotive industry to include aerospace and other transport industries, as well as commercial vehicles including autonomous vehicles such as self-driving cars, trucks, surface vessels, drones, and related technologies.

SAE International has over 138,000 global members. Membership is granted to individuals, rather than companies. Aside from its standardization efforts, SAE International also devotes resources to projects and programs in STEM education, professional certification, and collegiate design competitions.

Professional certification
Professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply certification or qualification, is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications that use post-nominal letters are an acknowledgement of educational achievement, or an agency appointed to safeguard the public interest.
1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, at Deveti Septemvri Stadium on 10 and 11 August.  106.7 cm (3'6) (senior implement) hurdles were used.

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Swetland-Pease House
The Swetland-Pease House is a historic house at 191 Pease Road in East Longmeadow, Massachusetts.  Probably built about 1793, it is one of a small number of surviving 18th-century houses in the town, and is one of its best-preserved.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

East Longmeadow, Massachusetts
East Longmeadow is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Pioneer Valley region of Western Massachusetts. It had a population of 16,430 at the 2020 census. East Longmeadow is 5 mi (8.0 km) southeast of downtown Springfield, part of the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is 25 mi (40 km) north of Hartford, 88 mi (142 km) southwest of Boston, and 142 mi (229 km) northeast of New York City.

The development of East Longmeadow around the turn-of-the century was largely reliant on the brownstone quarrying industry. The industry brought many Swedish immigrants, formerly of Connecticut, along with large French and Italian populations to the area. These immigrants typically labored in the quarries.

East Longmeadow hosts an annual Fourth of July Parade, one of the largest Fourth of July parades in Western Massachusetts. East Longmeadow High School also hosts an annual Fourth of July fireworks display, traditionally held on July 3.
2019–20 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team represented Santa Clara University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos were led by fourth-year head coach Herb Sendek and played their home games at the Leavey Center as members of the West Coast Conference. They finished the season 20–13, 6–10 in WCC play to finish in seventh place. They defeated Portland in the first round of the WCC tournament before losing in the second round to Pepperdine.

2020 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2020 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the West Coast Conference during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season,  held March 5–10 at the Orleans Arena in Paradise, Nevada.

Second-ranked Gonzaga won the tournament and received the conference's automatic bid to the 68-team NCAA tournament, which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. For the second consecutive year, the Los Angeles-based University Credit Union was the title sponsor of the tournament.
Thaba mine
The Thaba mine is an open cast mine in the northwestern Bushveld Igneous Complex of South Africa near Thabazimbi in Limpopo. The Thaba Mines proven chromitite reserves amount to 23.6 million tonnes of ore grading 43.6% chromium. The 23.6 million tonnes of ore contains 10.3 million tonnes of chromium metal.

Chromitite
Chromitite is an igneous cumulate rock composed mostly of the mineral chromite. It is found in layered intrusions such as the Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa, the Stillwater igneous complex in Montana and the Ring of Fire discovery in Ontario.

Chromitite typically forms as orthocumulate layered lenses in peridotite rocks, at times intergrown with other oxides such as magnetite and ilmenite, and silicates such as olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar (mainly anorthite), and garnet crystals.  The chromium rich garnet uvarovite forms in interbedded layers with chromitite.

Chromitite is the main economic source for the mining of chromite and subsequent source of the metal chromium.
Plaint number
A plaint number is "an old-fashioned term for a claim number".

It was formerly used in the British court system.  The term continues to be used in Australia, and searches for court records in Australian use the plaint number.

Claims under administrative law for medical malpractice or other professional misconduct may also use a plaint number.

Medical malpractice
Medical malpractice is a legal cause of action that occurs when a medical or health care professional, through a negligent act or omission, deviates from standards in their profession, thereby causing injury or death to a patient. The negligence might arise from errors in diagnosis, treatment, aftercare or health management.

An act of medical malpractice usually has three characteristics. Firstly, it must be proven that the treatment has not been consistent with the standard of care, which is the standard medical treatment accepted and recognized by the profession. Secondly, it must be proven that the patient has suffered some kind of injury due to the negligence. In other words, an injury without negligence or an act of negligence without causing any injury cannot be considered malpractice. Thirdly, it must be proven that the injury resulted in significant damages such as disability, unusual pain, suffering, hardship, loss of income or a significant burden of medical bills.
Boxing at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's middleweight
The Women's middleweight boxing competition at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland took place between July 29 and August 2 at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre. For the first time ever women's boxing will be contested.

Like all Commonwealth boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with a one-minute break between rounds. Punches scored only if the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Three judges scored each bout; the winner of the bout was the boxer who won the most rounds.

SEC Centre
The SEC Centre (originally known as the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre until 2017) is Scotland's largest exhibition centre, located in Glasgow, Scotland. It is one of the three main venues within the Scottish Event Campus.

Since the opening of the original buildings in 1985, the complex has undergone two major expansions; the first being the SEC Armadillo in 1997, and then the OVO Hydro in 2013. The venue's holding company SEC Limited, is 91% owned by Glasgow City Council and 9% owned by private investors. It is probably best known for hosting concerts, particularly in Hall 4 and Hall 3.
Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI
The Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI was a conference organized by the Future of Life Institute, held January 5–8, 2017, at the Asilomar Conference Grounds in California. More than 100 thought leaders and researchers in economics, law, ethics, and philosophy met at the conference, to address and formulate principles of beneficial AI. Its outcome was the creation of a set of guidelines for AI research – the 23 Asilomar AI Principles.

The 23 principles, published as an open letter, received signatures from 1797 AI–Robotics researchers and 3923 others. Notable signatures included: Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, executive director of the ACLU Anthony D. Romero, Dutch politician Kees Verhoeven, British tech entrepreneur Tabitha Goldstaub, American filmmaker James Barrat, CEO of Google Deepmind Demis Hassabis, AI researchers Ilya Sutskever, Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Stuart Russell, philosophers Sam Harris and Will MacAskill, and actor Joseph Gordon-Levitt, amongst others.

William MacAskill
William David MacAskill (né Crouch; born 24 March 1987) is a Scottish philosopher and author, as well as one of the originators of the effective altruism movement. He was a Research Fellow at the Global Priorities Institute at the University of Oxford, co-founded Giving What We Can, the Centre for Effective Altruism and 80,000 Hours, and is the author of Doing Good Better (2015) and What We Owe the Future (2022), and the co-author of Moral Uncertainty (2020).
Moyra-Budaörs Handball
Budaörs Handball is a Hungarian women's handball club, that plays in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, the top level championship in Hungary. They played in the first division between 2015 and 2019, then they spent two seasons in the second division (Nemzeti Bajnokság I/B) before qualifying for the first league again in 2021.

Ágnes Hornyák
Ágnes Hornyák (formerly Ágnes Boczkó-Hornyák; born 2 September 1982 in Mátészalka) is a retired Hungarian team handball player.

She mader her international debut against Norway on 2 March 2005. She participated on the World Championship yet in that year and captured a bronze medal. She took part on another World Championship in 2007, and represented Hungary on two European Championships in 2006 and 2008.

She was also a member of the team that finished fourth at the 2008 Summer Olympics in China.

She was married to world champion fencer, Gábor Boczkó. She gave birth to their son, Áron in April 2013.
Vock
Vock is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Anna Vock (1885–1962), Swiss journalist and LGBT activist

Armin Vock (born 1952), Swiss gymnast

Harald Vock (1925–1998), German television producer and director

Randy Vock (born 1994), Swiss wrestler

Harald Vock
Harald Vock (1925–1998) was a German television producer and television director. While he mainly worked in television, he also directed or scripted a handful of feature films for cinema such as Our Doctor is the Best in 1969.
Liam Heath
Liam Heath (born 17 August 1984) is a British sprint canoeist.  He is the most successful British canoeist at the Olympics with a total of four medals; he won a gold medal in the individual 200m kayak sprint event at the 2016 Summer Olympics and a bronze in the 2020 Olympics, as well as a silver in the men's double with Jon Schofield in 2016. and a bronze at the 2012 London Olympics in the K-2 200 with Schofield.

He is a member of Wey Kayak Club.

Sprint kayak
Sprint kayak is a type of canoe sprint held on calm water. The paddler is seated, facing forward, and uses a double-bladed paddle pulling the blade through the water on alternate sides to propel the boat forward. Kayak sprint has been in every summer Olympics since it debuted at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The sport is governed by the International Canoe Federation.
1932 Duke Blue Devils football team
The 1932 Duke Blue Devils football team was an American football team that represented Duke University during the 1932 Southern Conference football season. In its second season under head coach Wallace Wade, the team compiled a 7–3 record (5–3 against conference opponents), shut out seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 153 to 40.  Lowell Mason was the team captain. The team played its home games at Duke Stadium in Durham, North Carolina.

This would be the last season until 2023 that the Blue Devils didn't play rival Georgia Tech.

1932 Southern Conference football season
The 1932 Southern Conference football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Conference as part of the 1932 college football season. The season began on September 17.

This is the last season before many teams leave to form the Southeastern Conference, which still exists today.
USS Washington (BB-47)
USS Washington, hull number BB-47, was a Colorado-class battleship and the second ship of the United States Navy named in honor of the 42nd state. Her keel was laid down on 30 June 1919, at Camden, New Jersey, by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation. She was launched on 1 September 1921, sponsored by Miss Jean Summers, the daughter of Congressman John W. Summers of Washington.

On 8 February 1922, two days after the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty for the Limitation of Naval Armaments, all construction work ceased on the 75.9%-completed superdreadnought. She was sunk as a gunnery target on 26 November 1924, by the battleships New York and Texas.

New York Shipbuilding Corporation
The New York Shipbuilding Corporation (or New York Ship for short) was an American shipbuilding company that operated from 1899 to 1968, ultimately completing more than 500 vessels for the U.S. Navy, the United States Merchant Marine, the United States Coast Guard, and other maritime concerns. At its peak during World War II, NYSB was the largest and most productive shipyard in the world. Its best-known vessels include the destroyer USS Reuben James (DD-245), the cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35), the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), the nuclear-powered cargo ship NS Savannah, and a quartet of cargo-passenger liners nicknamed the 4 Aces.
Janusz (stereotype)
Janusz is a pejorative term used in Poland by Poles to describe individuals embodying stereotypical negative traits attributed to their own society. Typically depicted as a middle-aged man with a mustache, he is often portrayed wearing a white tank top, white socks paired with sandals, and having a large belly, frequently carrying a discount store shopping bag. Janusz's favorite pastimes include drinking beer and watching television. The archetypal Janusz is sometimes illustrated with the head of a proboscis monkey.

Proboscis monkey
The proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose (or proboscis), a reddish-brown skin color and a long tail. It is endemic to the Southeast Asian island of Borneo and is found mostly in mangrove forests and on the coastal areas of the island.

This species co-exists with the Bornean orangutan and monkeys such as the silvery lutung. It belongs in the monotypic genus Nasalis.
TV Show King Party
TV Show King Party is a quiz video game developed by Gameloft Montreal, published by Gameloft, and distributed by Ubisoft for the Wii. It is a follow-up to the WiiWare game TV Show King, released earlier in 2008, and contains 4000 new questions, 2 new subject categories and gameplay modes and 70% more localized questions compared to the downloadable game. Despite this game, a WiiWare sequel for the original, TV Show King 2 was created, and released in NA and Europe on December 12/25 2009 respectively.

Quiz
A quiz is a form of mind sport in which people attempt to answer questions correctly on one or several topics. Quizzes can be used as a brief assessment in education and similar fields to measure growth in knowledge, abilities, and skills, or simply as a hobby. They can also be televised for entertainment purposes, often in a game show format
Carlos Dews
Carlos Dews (born September 26, 1963) is an American writer and university professor. He is the chair of the Department of English Language and Literature at John Cabot University in Rome, Italy. He co-writes a paranormal thriller series with S. J. Rozan under the pseudonym Sam Cabot.

John Cabot University
John Cabot University (JCU) is a private American university in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1972 and it offers undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees, and study abroad programs to English-speaking students. The university has more than 700 degree-seeking students and more than 1000 visiting students every year, representing over 75 nationalities. The average class size is 15 students. The university consists of three campuses and three residence halls centrally located in Trastevere, Rome. The language of instruction is English.
2018 BBVA Open Ciudad de Valencia – Doubles
Cristina Bucșa and Yana Sizikova were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Irina Khromacheva and Nina Stojanović won the title, defeating Valentini Grammatikopoulou and Renata Zarazúa in the final, 6–1, 6–4.

Cristina Bucșa
Cristina Bucsa Bucsa (Romanian: Cristina Bucșa; born 1 January 1998) is a Moldovan-born Spanish professional tennis player. She has career-high rankings of world No. 50 in singles, achieved on 5 January 2026, and No. 19 in doubles, achieved on 10 June 2024. She is currently the No. 3 Spanish player. She won the bronze medal in doubles at the 2024 Summer Olympics and also seven WTA Tour doubles titles.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 276
United Nations Security Council Resolution 276, adopted on January 30, 1970, after reaffirming previous resolutions and statements, the Council condemned South Africa's continued occupation of Namibia as illegal and decided to establish an ad hoc sub-committee to study the ways and means by which the Council's resolutions could be implemented.  The Council requested all states and organizations give the sub-committee all the information and other assistance it may require and further requested the Secretary-General to give every assistance to the sub-committee.

The Council decided to resume consideration of the question of Namibia as soon as the recommendations of the sub-committee have been made available.

The resolution was adopted with 13 votes; France and the United Kingdom abstained.

An advisory opinion concerning Resolution 276, issued on 21 June 1971 by the International Court of Justice (I.C.J), gave rise to the term Namibia exception.

Advisory opinion
An advisory opinion of a court or other government authority, such as an election commission, is a decision or opinion of the body but which is non-binding in law and does not have the effect of adjudicating a specific legal case, but which merely legally advises on its opinion as to the constitutionality or interpretation of a law. The International Law Association is one such commission that provides non binding opinions and advisory documents regarding aspects of international law. Some countries have procedures by which the executive or legislative branches may refer questions to the judiciary for an advisory opinion. In other countries or specific jurisdictions, courts may be prohibited from issuing advisory opinions.
Uqayribat
Uqayribat (Arabic: عقيربات ALA-LC: ʿUqayribāt) also spelled Oqeirbat, Uzeiribat, ′Aqayrbat, ′Agareb, Aaqerbate, Occariba or Occaraba is a Syrian town in the Uqayribat Subdistrict of the Salamiyah District in Hama Governorate. It is situated at the western foot of Jabal Bal'as and along the route connecting Palmyra (Tadmur) to the southeast with Salamiyah to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), ′Uqayribat had a population of 2,745 in the 2004 census.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Saint John County (provincial electoral district)
Saint John County was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It used a bloc voting system to elect candidates, and was created from Saint John in 1795 as Saint John City and County. It lost territory (and two members) to the riding of Saint John City in 1891 and was renamed Saint John County. It was abolished with the 1973 electoral redistribution, when the province moved to single-member ridings.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".