hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cladonia pulchra
Cladonia pulchra is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. He collected the type specimen from Heaphy Track, about 15 km north of Karamea, where it was growing on rotting wood.

The primary thallus of Cladonia pulchra is squamulose (scaly), persistent, lacinated, esorediate, and somewhat shiny. The podetia are tubular, subulate, esorediate, corticate, and covered with overlapping squamules, with some parts partially buried. They contain thamnolic acid, a secondary metabolite that results in K+ (yellow) and P+ (yellow) spot test reactions.

Podetium
A podetium (plural: podetia) is the upright secondary thallus in Cladonia lichens. It is a hollow stalk extending from the primary thallus. Podetia can be pointed stalks, club like, cupped, or branched in shape and may or may not contain the ascocarp, the fruiting body, of the lichen. It is not considered part of the primary thallus as it is a fruiting structure for reproduction.  A lichen can be described as "podetiate" when it forms a podetium.
Tultepec
Tultepec (Nahuatl languages: Tōltepec, Otomi: Nt‘ōkwä) is a city and municipality located in State of Mexico, Mexico. It lies directly north of Mexico City in the northeastern part of the State of Mexico, making it part of the Greater Mexico City urban area. The name comes from Náhuatl meaning 'hill of the 'tule'. The census of 2005 reported a population of 57,586 for the city and 110,145 for the municipality as a whole. The municipality is known for its pyrotechnics industry.

Schoenoplectus acutus
Schoenoplectus acutus (syn. Scirpus acutus, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Scirpus lacustris  subsp. acutus),  called tule /ˈtuːliː/, common tule, hardstem tule, tule rush, hardstem bulrush, or viscid bulrush, is a giant species of sedge in the plant family Cyperaceae, native to freshwater marshes all over North America. The common name derives from the Nāhuatl word tōllin [ˈtoːlːin], and it was first recognized by the early Spanish explorers and missionaries in New Spain who saw the marsh plants in the Central Valley of California as similar to those in the marshes around Mexico City being used to construct shelters by the indigenous inhabitants.
Behave Yourself (EP)
'Behave Yourself' is the seventh EP by the American indie rock band Cold War Kids. It was released on iTunes December 21, 2009 and the physical version was released on January 19, 2010.

The EP was announced on their official website on October 26, 2009. A 1-minute teaser trailer was uploaded to YouTube the same day. To promote the album, they played four shows in support of the release, with Flashy Python as a supporting act. The EP's artwork reads "These songs were recorded some time between "Loyalty" and now. They didn't belong there but kept hanging around, started trouble, made friends, and insisted they be heard". "Sermons" is a re-recording of the track "Sermons vs. the Gospel" that initially appeared on the With Our Wallets Full EP and as a hidden track at the end of their full-length debut Robbers & Cowards. The digital release debuted at number 177 on the Billboard 200.

Flashy Python
Flashy Python was a project by Alec Ounsworth of Clap Your Hands Say Yeah. It also featured band members from Dr. Dog, The Walkmen, and Man Man. Their debut album, Skin and Bones, was self-released in 2009.
Swansea East (Senedd constituency)
Swansea East (Welsh: Dwyrain Abertawe) is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. It is one of seven constituencies in the South Wales West electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to seven constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

South Wales West (Senedd electoral region)
South Wales West (Welsh: Gorllewin De Cymru) is an electoral region of the Senedd, consisting of seven constituencies. The region elects 11 members, seven directly elected constituency members and four additional members. The electoral region was first used in 1999, when the National Assembly for Wales was created.

Each constituency elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post electoral system, and the region as a whole elects four additional or top-up Members of the Senedd, to create a degree of proportional representation. The additional member seats are allocated from closed lists by the D'Hondt method, with constituency results being taken into account in the allocation.
Yevgeniy Okorokov
Yevgeniy Okorokov (also: Eugene Okorokov; Russian: Евгений Окороков; April 6, 1959, in Tomsk, Soviet Union – January 4, 2022, in Tomsk, Russia) was a male former long-distance runner from Russian Federation, who represented the Soviet Union during his career. He won the 1991 edition of the Reims Marathon, clocking a total time of 2:13:22 on October 20, 1991.

Reims à Toutes Jambes
Reims à Toutes Jambes (English: Reims at Full Speed) is an annual road running event held in Reims, France in the month of October. First held in 1984, the competition comprises three main parts: a 42.195 km marathon, a 21.0975 km half marathon race, and a 10 km race. In addition to these, there are smaller competitions for disabled athletes and children. The marathon course is a figure-8 run twice and has hosted the French national championship race on three occasions (1997, 1999, 2000).

Both the marathon and the half marathon attract elite level competitors. The marathon course records are held by David Kemboi (2:07:53 hours) and Alla Zhilyaeva (2:27:38 hours). The best times for the half marathon are by Dieudonné Disi (1:01:13) and Christelle Daunay (1:08:34).

In 2015 the running festival was organized by the 'Run In' group along with Lyon and Marseille. It was rebranded 'Run In Reims'.
2024 Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2024 Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix (officially known as the Petronas Grand Prix of Malaysia) was the nineteenth round of the 2024 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It was held at the Petronas Sepang International Circuit in Sepang on 3 November 2024.

After Celestino Vietti's win in the Moto2 class, Kalex secured its twelfth straight Constructors' Championship.

Sepang
Pekan Sepang is a small border town and also a mukim in Sepang District, Selangor, Malaysia. The most known part of the town is its western part, which contains both Kuala Lumpur International Airport – Malaysia's largest airport – and the Sepang International Circuit, where the Malaysian F1 Grand Prix was and Malaysian MotoGP Grand Prix is held.
Absurdistan
Absurdistan is a term sometimes used to satirically describe a country in which absurdity is the norm due to the ubiquity and incompetence of its bureaucracy. The expression was originally used by Eastern bloc dissidents to refer to parts (or all) of the Soviet Union and its satellite states, but has remained common in post-communist discourse as well.

Absurdity
Absurdity is the state or condition of being unreasonable, meaningless, or so unsound as to be irrational. "Absurd" is the adjective used to describe absurdity, e.g., "Tyler and the boys laughed at the absurd situation." It derives from the Latin absurdum meaning "out of tune". The Latin surdus means "deaf", implying stupidity.
Absurdity is contrasted with being realistic or reasonable. In general usage, absurdity may be synonymous with nonsense, meaninglessness, fancifulness, foolishness, bizarreness, wildness. In specialized usage, absurdity is related to extremes in bad reasoning or pointlessness in reasoning; ridiculousness is related to extremes of incongruous juxtaposition, laughter, and ridicule; and nonsense is related to a lack of meaningfulness. Absurdism is a concept in philosophy related to the notion of absurdity.
Acta Linguistica Academica
Acta Linguistica Academica is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest, Hungary). It covers research on all aspects of linguistics, including socio- and psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, discourse analysis, the philosophy of language, language typology, and formal semantics. It was formerly published as Acta Linguistica Hungarica and Acta Linguistica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, obtaining its current name in 2017. The editor-in-chief is András Cser (Pázmány Péter Catholic University). The journal was established in 1951.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Musa, Attock
Musa is the second largest village in Harzo Chaach, located in the northern part of Attock, in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

The village is located 2 km from Hazro. It is famous for its peanuts, the main crop of the village.

Attock
Attock (Punjabi, Urdu: اٹک), formerly known as Campbellpur (Punjabi, Urdu: کیمبل پور), is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, not far from the national capital Islamabad. The headquarters of the Attock District, it is the 36th largest city in the Punjab and the 61st largest city in the country, by population. The city was founded in 1908 several miles southeast of the historical city of Attock Khurd, which had been established by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century, and was initially named in honour of Sir Colin Campbell.
Natalie de Bogory
Natalie de Bogory (also known as Natalie Debogory or Natalie DeBogory-Mokriyevich) (1887–1939) is primarily known for her work in translating from the Russian language into the English language, and subsequently distributing and participating in having published the first or second American edition in the United States of the document known as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. There were two different editions printed in the United States in 1920. The earlier, entitled The Protocols and World Revolution, associated with Boris Brasol and published by Small, Maynard and Company. The later, entitled Praemonitus Praemunitus associated with Harris A. Houghton and published by the Beckwith Company.

Tsarist autocracy
Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.[b] In it, the Tsar possessed in principle authority and wealth, with more power than constitutional monarchs counterbalanced by legislative authority, as well as a more religious authority than Western monarchs. The institution originated during the time of Ivan III (1462−1505) and
was limited with the introduction of constitution and national-level representative assembly (State Duma) after the 1905 Revolution. Still, the term continued to be applied to the monarchy in Russia until the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Russian revolutionaries and afterwards, in the Soviet Union.
Rollin' Stone (Muddy Waters song)
"Rollin' Stone" is a blues song recorded by Muddy Waters in 1950.  It is his interpretation of "Catfish Blues", a Delta blues that dates back to 1920s Mississippi. "Still a Fool", recorded by Muddy Waters a year later using the same arrangement and melody, reached number nine on the Billboard R&B chart. "Rollin' Stone" has been recorded by a variety of artists.

Delta blues
Delta blues is one of the earliest-known styles of blues. It originated in the Mississippi Delta and is regarded as a regional variant of country blues. Guitar and harmonica are its dominant instruments; slide guitar is a hallmark of the style. Vocal styles in Delta blues range from introspective and soulful to passionate and fiery.
Time geography
Time geography or time-space geography is an evolving transdisciplinary perspective on spatial and temporal processes and events such as social interaction, ecological interaction, social and environmental change, and biographies of individuals. Time geography "is not a subject area per se", but rather an integrative ontological framework and visual language in which space and time are basic dimensions of analysis of dynamic processes. Time geography was originally developed by human geographers, but today it is applied in multiple fields related to transportation, regional planning, geography, anthropology, time-use research, ecology, environmental science, and public health. According to Swedish geographer Bo Lenntorp: "It is a basic approach, and every researcher can connect it to theoretical considerations in her or his own way."

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
Alliance for Marriage
The Alliance for Marriage (AFM), founded in 1999, was a non-profit organization based in the United States. The organization described itself as "dedicated to promoting marriage and addressing the epidemic of fatherless families in the United States." The group was founded by Matt Daniels and was headquartered in Virginia. AFM is most known for having drafted the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA) to the United States Constitution, introduced originally by Rep. Ronnie Shows (D-MS). The amendment would define marriage in the United States as the union of one man and one woman.  The amendment was later renamed the Marriage Protection Amendment, which, as of 2014, last failed a Senate cloture motion in June 2006. The organization was defunct as of May 2021, although its website, with a rarely-updated blog, remained active until at least October 2020.

Cloture
Cloture (/ˈkloʊtʃər/, also UK: /ˈkloʊtjʊər/), closure or, informally, a guillotine, is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end.

The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. Clôture is French for "the act of terminating something".

It was introduced into the Parliament of the United Kingdom by William Ewart Gladstone to overcome the obstructionism of the Irish Parliamentary Party and was made permanent in 1887.

It was subsequently adopted by the United States Senate and other legislatures. The name cloture remains in the United States. In Commonwealth countries it is usually closure or, informally, guillotine. In the United Kingdom and Canada closure and guillotine are distinct motions.
Edmund Gilling Hallewell
Edmund Gilling Hallewell (1796 – 5 November 1881) was an English politician and Irish Conservative Party Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom who represented the constituency of Newry from 1851 to 1852.

Hallewell was born in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, the second son of Reverend John Hallewell of Farnham. His mother, Ellen, was a daughter of Edmund Gilling of Marton-le-Moor, Yorkshire. He was educated at Ripon Grammar School.

In 1821, he married Martha Watts, only daughter and heir of Joseph Watts of Stratford House, Stroud, Gloucestershire.  Their son Lieutenant-Colonel Edmund Hallewell (1822–1869) married Sophia Reid, the daughter of General Sir William Reid. In 1855, he married Anne Winthrop, the third daughter of Admiral Winthrop.

For 50 years, he was a Magistrate for Gloucestershire. He died at his home, Beauchamp House in Churcham, near Gloucester, aged 85.

Boroughbridge
Boroughbridge (/ˈbʌrəbrɪdʒ/ BURR-ə-brij) is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is 16 miles (26 km) north-west of York. Until a bypass was built the town lay on the main A1 road from London to Edinburgh, which crosses the River Ure here.

The civil parish includes the villages of Aldborough and Minskip.
Hiiro no Kakera
Hiiro no Kakera (緋色の欠片; lit. "Scarlet Fragments") is a Japanese visual novel created by Idea Factory directed at the female market, known as an otome game. Released on July 6, 2006, for the PlayStation 2, the protagonist is a teenage girl who revisits a small village she remembers from her childhood and gets caught up in her family's history and supernatural dangers surrounding it. A thirteen episode anime adaptation by Studio Deen aired in Japan between April 1, 2012, and June 24, 2012, and was licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks. A second season, Hiiro no Kakera: Dai Ni Shō (緋色の欠片 第二章; lit. "Scarlet Fragments: Second Chapter"), aired between October 1, 2012, and December 23, 2012. Some characters from this property are featured in the PSP game B's LOG Party, released on May 20, 2010.

Shelley Calene-Black
Shelley Calene-Black (/kəˈliːn/ kə-LEEN) is an American voice actress who has provided voices for a number of English-language versions of Japanese anime films and television series. Her leading voice roles include Mireille in Noir, Kyou Fujibayashi in Clannad, Rutile in Land of the Lustrous, Medaka Kurokami in Medaka Box, Hamyuts Meseta in The Book of Bantorra and Hime in Princess Resurrection. In live-action films, she played the lead role of Maria Patterson in the Mariusz Kotowski-directed Holocaust film Esther's Diary.
Columbia Restaurant
27°57′36″N 82°26′6″W﻿ / ﻿27.96000°N 82.43500°W﻿ / 27.96000; -82.43500

Columbia Restaurant is a restaurant in Ybor City, Tampa, Florida. It is the oldest continuously operated restaurant in Florida, as well as the oldest Spanish restaurant in the United States. The 15 dining rooms cover 52,000 ft seating 1,700 customers. It is the largest Spanish restaurant in the world and occupies an entire city block. Founded in 1903 as Saloon Columbia, it was renamed in 1905 to Columbia Restaurant. The landmark has been owned by the Hernandez-Gonzmart family for five generations and serves Spanish and Cuban cuisine.

In addition to the original location in Ybor City, there are Columbia restaurants in Sarasota (opened in 1959); in St. Augustine (opened in 1983); on Sand Key (1989); and in Celebration, Florida (1997). There are also smaller Columbia Café restaurants located at the Tampa Bay History Center (opened in 2009) and at Tampa International Airport (opened in May 2012).

Spanish cuisine
Spanish cuisine (Spanish: cocina española) consists of the traditions and practices of Spanish cooking. It features considerable regional diversity, with significant differences among the traditions of each of Spain's regional cuisines.

Olive oil (of which Spain is the world's largest producer) is extensively used in Spanish cuisine. It forms the base of many vegetable sauces (known in Spanish as sofritos). Herbs most commonly used include parsley, oregano, rosemary and thyme. The use of garlic has been noted as common in Spanish cooking. The most-used meats in Spanish cuisine include chicken, pork, lamb and veal. Fish and seafood are also consumed on a regular basis. Tapas and pinchos are snacks and appetizers commonly served in bars and cafes.
Emin Gün Sirer
Emin Gün Sirer is a Turkish-American computer scientist. Sirer developed the Avalanche Consensus protocol underlying the Avalanche blockchain platform, and is currently the CEO and co-founder of Ava Labs. He was an associate professor of computer science at Cornell University, and is the former co-director of The Initiative for Cryptocurrencies and Smart Contracts (IC3). He is known for his contributions to peer-to-peer systems, operating systems and computer networking.

Turkish Americans
Turkish Americans (Turkish: Türk Amerikalılar) or American Turks (Turkish: Amerikalı Türkler)  are Americans of ethnic Turkish origin. The term "Turkish Americans" can therefore refer to ethnic Turkish immigrants to the United States, as well as their American-born descendants, who originate either from the Ottoman Empire or from post-Ottoman modern nation-states. The majority trace their roots to the Republic of Turkey, however, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities in the US which descend from the island of Cyprus, the Balkans, North Africa, the Levant and other areas of the former Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, in recent years there has been a significant number of ethnic Turkish people coming to the US from the modern Turkish diaspora (i.e. outside the former Ottoman territories), especially from the Turkish Meskhetian diaspora in Eastern Europe (e.g. from Krasnodar Krai in Russia) and "Euro-Turks" from Central and Western Europe (e.g. Turkish Germans etc.).
Pieniny National Park (Slovakia)
Pieniny National Park (Slovak: Pieninský národný park; abbr. PIENAP) is a national park in northern Slovakia. The park is located in the eastern Pieniny Mountains on the border with Poland. It is the smallest national park in Slovakia with an area of 37.49 km2 (14.48 mi2) and a buffer zone of 224.44 km2 (86.66 mi2). The park is located in the Slovak districts of Kežmarok and Stará Ľubovňa in the Prešov Region.

Kežmarok
Kežmarok (German: Kesmark or Käsmark; Hungarian: Késmárk, Rusyn: Кежмарок, Yiddish: קעזמאַרק, romanized: Kezmark, Polish: Kieżmark) is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia (population 16,000), on the Poprad River. Before World War I, it was in Szepes county in the Kingdom of Hungary.
Port of Yokosuka
The Port of Yokosuka (横須賀港, Yokosuka-kō) lies to the south of the Port of Yokohama on Tokyo Bay. Under the Ports and Harbors Law of Japan it is classified as an Important Port. The city of Yokosuka administers the port.

The Port of Yokosuka has 100 berths of length 4.5 m or more. It covers 13 areas from Oppama in the north to Kurihama and Nobi in the south. Kurihama is the place where Commodore Matthew Perry landed in 1853. Since then it has been developed for military, shipping, and ferry traffic. The U.S. Navy base and the Maritime Self-Defense force base lie within the Port of Yokosuka.

Located near the Nissan Oppama plant, Yokosuka is a major port for the shipping of automobiles. The fishing fleet brings in tuna and other ocean products. Tokyo-Wan Ferry links Yokosuka with the Port of Kanaya in Futtsu, Chiba Prefecture. Other ferries go to Tokyo, Izu Ōshima and Ōita in Kyūshū.

Yokosuka
Yokosuka (横須賀市, Yokosuka-shi; pronounced [jokosɯ̥ka]) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of February 2024, the city has a population of 373,797, and a population density of 3,708 inhabitants per square kilometre (9,600/sq mi). The total area is 100.7 km2 (38.9 sq mi). Yokosuka is the 11th-most populous city in the Greater Tokyo Area, and the 12th in the Kantō region. The city is home to United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka.