hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geoffrey Holland
Sir Geoffrey Holland, KCB (9 May 1938 – 20 April 2017) was an English career civil servant who became Vice-Chancellor of the University of Exeter from 1994 to 2002, when he was succeeded by Professor Steve Smith. Holland Hall, a large student hall of residence which opened in 2004 on the Exeter campus is named after him.

Student accommodation
Student accommodation is a building or buildings used to house students, particularly in higher education. These are known by different names around the world, such as halls of residence, residence halls, accommodation blocks (particularly within residential colleges) or student hostels. Student accommodation may be managed by educational institutions, religious bodies or other charities, student associations, private companies, or agencies of local or national governments.
Taylor Islands
Taylor Islands (66°10′S 100°17′E﻿ / ﻿66.167°S 100.283°E﻿ / -66.167; 100.283) is a group of rocky islands and rocks in Antarctica, lying at the west side of Edisto Ice Tongue and marking the west end of the Highjump Archipelago. Delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named for Richard Spence Taylor, who served as surveyor with the U.S. Navy Operation Windmill parties which established astronomical control stations from Wilhelm II Coast to Budd Coast in January–February 1948.

Operation Windmill
Operation Windmill (OpWml) was the United States Navy's Second Antarctica Developments Project, an exploration and training mission to Antarctica in 1947–1948. This operation was a follow-up to the First Antarctica Development Project known as Operation Highjump (1946–1947). The expedition was commanded by Commander Gerald L. Ketchum, USN, and the flagship of Task Force 39 was the icebreaker USS Burton Island.

Missions during Operation Windmill varied including supply activities, helicopter reconnaissance of ice flows, scientific surveys, underwater demolition surveys, and convoy exercises. Malcolm Davis collected live animals, such as penguins and leopard seals, for zoological studies.

The icebreaker USS Edisto (AG-89) sailed on 1 November 1947 for the Panama Canal to rendezvous with the Burton Island for the expedition.
Los pastorcillos de Navidad
Los pastorcillos de Navidad is a Christmas tradition unique to the Amazonas region of Peru, in which the children of the city play a main role.

At dusk on December 24, choirs of children dressed as shepherd walk around the town singing Christmas Carols. The children form two columns with the shepherds and the "Three Kings", in the middle.

The girls are dressed with a skirt adorned with colorful ribbons, a blouse with spangles and a handkerchief crossing their breast, as well as a hat with shining adornments and ribbons that hang backwards. All the children shake tambourines and timbrels to the rhythm of a dance played by a live band. At the end, four girls dressed in white carry an image of the Child Jesus to the church, and put it in the manger between José and Maria. Later they continue with the singings and dances during "the vigil", until the Holy Mass starts.

Christ Child
The Christ Child—also known as Baby Jesus, Infant Jesus, Child Jesus, Divine Child, Divine Infant and the Holy Child—refers to Jesus Christ during his early years. The term refers to a period of Jesus' life, described in the canonical Gospels, encompassing his nativity in Bethlehem, the visit of the Magi, and his presentation at the Temple in Jerusalem. It also includes his childhood, culminating in the event where his parents find him in the Temple at age 12, after which the Gospels remain silent about his life until the start of his ministry.
1958 Vuelta a España
The 13th Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 30 April to 15 May 1958. It consisted of 16 stages covering a total of 3,241.8 km (2,014.4 mi), and was won by Jean Stablinski. Salvador Botella won the points classification and Federico Bahamontes won the mountains classification.

Jean Stablinski
Jean Stablewski (21 May 1932 – 22 July 2007), known as Jean Stablinski, was a French professional cyclist from a family of Polish immigrants. He rode from 1952 to 1968, winning 105 races as a professional. He won the national road championship four times - 1960, 1962, 1963 and 1964. He was also world road champion in 1962, and won the Vuelta a España in 1958.
Meidensha
Meidensha Corporation (株式会社明電舎, Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha) is a Japanese, Tokyo-based company, engaged in the manufacturing and selling of  water treatment equipment, electronic equipment, and information equipment. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225.

The company was established by Hosui Shigemune for the manufacture of electric motors in Kyobashi, Tokyo.

Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.  Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.
Death Row: The Lost Sessions Vol. 1
Death Row: The Lost Sessions Vol. 1 is a compilation album by Snoop Doggy Dogg. The album was released on October 9, 2009, by Death Row Records and WIDEawake Entertainment. The album is composed of leftover material that Snoop recorded between 1993 and 1997 during his first stint on Death Row.

Four tracks were produced by Dr. Dre. The others were produced by other producers including Daz Dillinger, Soopafly and LT Hutton. The track "Doggystyle" had been intended as the title track for Snoop's first album, Doggystyle, in 1993, but was left off the album. The track has vocals by George Clinton. The album was released twice in 2009 as a CD by WIDEawake Entertainment. Tracks 16 to 18 are exclusive tracks for the second CD release. The album reached number 22 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the US. The album reached number 173 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

George Clinton (funk musician)
George Edward Clinton (born July 22, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and bandleader. His Parliament-Funkadelic collective (which primarily recorded under the distinct band names Parliament and Funkadelic) developed an influential and eclectic form of funk music during the 1970s that drew on Afrofuturism, outlandish fashion, psychedelia, and surreal humor. He launched his solo career with the 1982 album Computer Games and would go on to influence 1990s hip-hop and G-funk.

Clinton is regarded, along with James Brown and Sly Stone, as one of the foremost innovators of funk music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, alongside 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. In 2019, he and Parliament-Funkadelic were given Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards.
Siege of Maastricht (1793)
The siege of Maastricht was a failed siege of the city of Maastricht by the forces of the French First Republic from 6 February to 2 March 1793, marking the final action of the 1793 campaign of the War of the First Coalition. The city was successfully defended by the Dutch garrison with the assistance of a small band of French Royalists.

Royalist
A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of government, but not necessarily a particular monarch. Most often, the term royalist is applied to a supporter of a current regime or one that has been recently overthrown to form a republic.

In the United Kingdom, the term is currently almost indistinguishable from "monarchist", as there are no significant rival claimants to the throne. Conversely, in 19th-century France, a royalist might be either a Legitimist, Bonapartist, or an Orléanist, all being monarchists.
Hans Tatzer
Johann Robert "Hans" Tatzer (25 May 1905 – 23 August 1944) was an Austrian ice hockey player who competed for the Austrian national team at the 1928 Winter Olympics in Saint-Moritz and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Tatzer was killed in August 1944 while serving in France as a member of the German forces.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.
Jeanne-Marie Poulain
Jeanne-Marie Poulain is a Canadian film producer, associated with the Montreal-based film studio Art & Essai. They are most noted as a producer of Humanist Vampire Seeking Consenting Suicidal Person (Vampire humaniste cherche suicidaire consentant), which was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Picture at the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024.

They were previously a producer of Wild Skin (La Peau sauvage), which was both a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards, and a Prix Iris nominee for Best Live Action Short Film at the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards.

Their other credits have included the films A Skin So Soft (Ta peau si lisse), Of Ink and Blood (D'Encre et de sang), Little Waves (Les petites vagues) and The Depths (Les Profondeurs), and associate or executive producer credits on I'll End Up in Jail (Je finirai en prison), Like a House on Fire and Richelieu.

12th Canadian Screen Awards
The 12th Canadian Screen Awards were presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television to honour achievements in Canadian film, television and digital media production in 2023. They were held at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto from 28–31 May 2024, as part of Canadian Screen Week, with highlights of the final gala ceremony broadcast in a CBC Television special on 31 May 2024.

Nominations were announced on 6 March; television drama Little Bird led in overall nominations with 19, while Matt Johnson's film BlackBerry received 17 nominations—becoming the most-nominated film in the history of the ceremony. Both BlackBerry and Little Bird would win the most awards in their respective categories.
Esmaeil Mosafer
Esmaeil Mosafer (Persian: اسماعیل مسافر, born 21 November 1997, in Gonbad-e Kavus) is an Iranian volleyball player who plays as an Outside hitter for the Iranian national team and Iranian club Paykan Tehran VC  and Kalleh Mazandaran VC.

2021 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship
The 2021 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship was the twenty-first staging of the Asian Men's Volleyball Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Japan Volleyball Association (JVA). The tournament was held in Chiba and Funabashi, Japan from 12 to 19 September 2021.

The top two teams of the tournament qualified for the 2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship as the AVC representatives.
CineMagic (film festival)
CineMagic is a film festival and registered charity founded in Belfast in 1988 with the aim of nurturing the talents of aspiring filmmakers between the ages of 4 and 25. It continues to be hosted primarily in Belfast, but has spread around the world since its inception and now hosts annual events in Dublin, London, Los Angeles, and New York City.

CineMagic is the largest film and television festival for young people, and bills itself as the "World Screen Festival" for them. Its patrons include John Bell, Patrick Bergin, Pierce Brosnan, Brian Cox, Craig Doyle, Colin Farrell, Lisa Henson, Mark Huffam, Saoirse-Monica Jackson, Suranne Jones, Paula Malcomson, Seamus McGarvey, Ciaran McMenamin, Liam Neeson, Dermot O'Leary, David Parfitt, Saoirse Ronan, and Bronagh Waugh.

Craig Doyle
Craig Doyle (born 17 December 1970) is an Irish television and radio presenter. To British viewers he is recognisable as working for the BBC and ITV and more recently TNT Sports; Irish viewers also know him as the host of RTÉ One chat show Tonight with Craig Doyle and RTÉ2's Craig Doyle Live. He is affiliated with TNT Sports' coverage of Premiership and European Champions Cup rugby coverage and MotoGP motorcycle racing. Craig has also been a presenter on ITV's Rugby World Cup coverage. Since 2022, Doyle has been a relief presenter on ITV daytime series This Morning but was not selected as a permanent, full time presenter.
Ardencaple Castle
Ardencaple Castle, also known as Ardincaple Castle, and sometimes referred to as Ardencaple Castle Light, is a listed building, situated about 1 statute mile (1.6 km) from Helensburgh, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Today, all that remains of the castle is a tower, perched on the edge of a plateau, looking down on a flat tract of land between it and the shore of the Firth of Clyde. The original castle was thought to have been built sometime in the 12th century, and part of the remains of the original castle were said to have existed in the 19th century. Today, that sole remaining tower is used as a navigational aid for shipping on the Firth of Clyde. Because of its use as a lighthouse the tower has been called Ardencaple Castle Light.

Argyll and Bute
Argyll and Bute (Scots: Argyll an Buit; Scottish Gaelic: Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd, pronounced [ɛrˠəˈɣɛːəl̪ˠ akəs̪ ˈpɔːtʲ]) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area. The current lord-lieutenant for Argyll and Bute is Jane Margaret MacLeod (14 July 2020). The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead at Kilmory Castle, a 19th-century Gothic Revival building and estate. The current council leader is Councillor Jim Lynch.

Argyll and Bute covers the second-largest administrative area of any Scottish council. The council area adjoins those of Highland, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire.
Ili Setefano Taʻateo
Ili Setefano Taʻateo Tafili is a Samoan politician and matai. He is a member of the Tautua Samoa Party.

He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa at the 2016 election, defeating Minister of Women's Affairs Tolofuaivalelei Falemoe Leiʻataua to win the constituency of Aana Alofi No. 2, becoming one of only three Tautua MP's.

In April 2020 he revealed that he was facing pressure from his constituents to switch his support to the Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP). He ran as an independent in the April 2021 election and was defeated. A subsequent electoral petition saw him convicted of two counts of bribery.

Human Rights Protection Party
The Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP, Samoan: Vaega Faʻaupufai e Puipuia Aia Tatau a Tagata) is a Samoan political party. It was founded in 1979 and dominated Samoan party politics for decades thereafter, leading every government until their defeat in 2021. Former Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi has led the party since 1998.
Freewheel
A freewheel or overrunning clutch is a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft when the driven shaft rotates faster than the driveshaft. An overdrive is sometimes mistakenly called a freewheel, but is otherwise unrelated.

The condition of a driven shaft spinning faster than its driveshaft exists in most chain-driven bicycles when the rider stops pedaling. In a specialized fixed-gear bicycle (that lacks  a freewheel) the rear wheel drives the pedals around.

Some automobile transmissions include freewheel mechanisms for reasons ranging from fuel efficiency and noise reduction to preventing damage that some engines incur when driven by the wheels.

Engine braking
Engine braking occurs when the retarding forces within an internal combustion engine are used to slow down a motor vehicle, as opposed to using additional external braking mechanisms such as friction brakes or magnetic brakes.

The term is often confused with several other types of braking, most notably compression-release braking or "jake braking" which uses a different mechanism.

Traffic regulations in many countries require trucks to always drive with an engaged gear, which in turn provides a certain amount of engine braking (viscous losses to the engine oil and air pumped through the engine and friction losses to the cylinder walls and bearings) when no accelerator pedal is applied.
Colle Fauniera
The Colle Fauniera is a mountain pass in the Cottian Alps, Piedmont, northern Italy, located at 2,481 m elevation.

It is part of the communal territory of Castelmagno and Demonte.

It connects the Valle Grana, which ends here, with the Vallone dell'Arma (a lateral of the Valle Stura di Demonte). The name Colle dei Morti stems from fierce fighting which occurred nearby during the 18th century between Franco-Spanish and Piedmontese troops.

Castelmagno
Castelmagno (Occitan: Chastèlmanh) is a small comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Cuneo.

The population of the municipality of Castelmagno is divided between the frazioni (hamlets) of Einaudi, Campomolino (seat of the city hall), Colletto, Nerone, Chiotti and Chiappi; "Castelmagno" is the name of the municipal entity, not corresponding to any hamlet. The main attraction is the sanctuary of San Magno, at an elevation of 1,761 metres (5,778 ft) above sea level.

Castelmagno borders the following municipalities: Celle di Macra, Demonte, Dronero, Marmora, Monterosso Grana, Pradleves, and San Damiano Macra.
Ty Cobb Museum
The Ty Cobb Museum is a  museum located in Royston, Georgia, that honors Baseball Hall of Fame player Ty Cobb. The museum contains art and memorabilia, film, video, books and historical archives of Cobb as well as several other notable people from Franklin County, Georgia.

The museum opened in 1998. Items on display include Cobb's 1907 American League (A.L.) batting champion medal. The Cobb Theater features stadium-style seating accented by a beautiful mural. A video features the narration of Georgia Bulldogs broadcasting legend Larry Munson, interviews with Atlanta Braves star Chipper Jones and ESPN baseball analyst Peter Gammons, along with rare footage and still photographs of Cobb.

The museum also houses the Franklin County Sports Hall of Fame. Charter inductees are Cobb, 1943 American League (A.L.) MVP Spud Chandler, National Football League Pro Bowl lineman Tony Jones and College Football All-American quarterback Dee Dowis.

Franklin County, Georgia
Franklin County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,424. The county seat is Carnesville. On February 25, 1784, Franklin and Washington became Georgia's eighth and ninth counties, with Franklin named in honor of patriot Benjamin Franklin.

In its original form, Franklin County included all of the territory now in Banks, Barrow, Clarke, Jackson, Oconee, and Stephens counties, and parts of the modern-day Gwinnett, Hall, Hart, and Madison counties, as well as three counties that are now part of South Carolina. Franklin County has several miles of shoreline on Lake Hartwell.
Ketema Nigusse
Ketema Nigusse (born 29 January 1981 in Kuyu) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specializes in cross-country running.

At the 2003 World Cross Country Championships he finished thirteenth in the long race, while the Ethiopian team of which he was a part finished second in the team competition. He also finished seventeenth in the short race. He was lower down the ranks at the 2004 edition, placing 36th in the long race. At the 2006 World Cross Country Championships he only finished 26th in the long race, but this was good enough to be on the Ethiopian team that placed third in the team competition. In his fourth appearance at the competition in 2007 he came 17th.

Ketema's marathon debut came in 2008, when he entered the Berlin Marathon and finished with a time of 2:15:45 hours. He won the 2011 Broad Street Run (an annual 10 mile run through Philadelphia PA) He won his first marathon in 2013, topping the podium at the Pyongyang Marathon.

2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships took place on March 24, 2007.  The races were held at the Mombasa Golf Course in Mombasa, Kenya. Four races took place, one for men, women, junior men and junior women respectively. All races encompassed both individual and team competition. The short race for men and women that was run between 1998 and 2006 was scrapped and the World Cross Country Championships went back to one-day format.  Reports of the event were given in the Herald, and for the IAAF.
Lord George Sanger
'Lord' George Sanger (23 December 1825 – 28 November 1911) was an English showman and circus proprietor. Born to a showman father, he grew up working in travelling peep shows. He successfully ran shows and circuses throughout much of the nineteenth century with his brother John. He retired in 1905 and was murdered by a disgruntled employee in 1911.

Margate
Margate is a seaside town in the Thanet District of Kent, England. It is located on the north coast of Kent and covers an area of 2 miles (3 kilometres) long, 16 miles (26 kilometres) north-east of Canterbury and includes Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay and Westbrook. In 2011 it had a population of 61,223.

The town has been a significant maritime port since the Middle Ages, and was associated with Dover as part of the Cinque Ports in the 15th century. It became a popular place for holidaymakers in the 18th century, owing to easy access via the Thames, and later with the arrival of the railways. Popular landmarks include the sandy beaches and the Dreamland amusement park. During the late 20th century, the town went into decline along with other British seaside resorts, but attempts are being made to revitalise the economy.
By Plume and Sword
By Plume and Sword or By Pen and by Sword (Russian: Пером и шпагой) is a novel by the Soviet writer Valentin Pikul, written in 1963 and first published in 1972. It describes secret diplomacy during the Seven Years' War and the reign of Elizabeth of Russia. Its central character is the Chevalier d'Eon.

In 2008, a miniseries based on the novel was broadcast on Russian television in twelve 45-minute episodes.

Valentin Pikul
Valentin Savvich Pikul (Russian: Валенти́н Са́ввич Пи́куль; July 13, 1928 – July 16, 1990) was a Soviet historical novelist of Ukrainian-Russian heritage. He lived and worked in Riga.

Pikul's novels were grounded in extensive research, blending historical and fictional characters and often focusing on Russian nationalistic themes. Pikul's best-selling 1978 novel At the Last Frontier was a dramatized telling of Rasputin's influence over the Russian imperial court. Richard Stites says he was "a name hardly known to literary scholars but the most widely read author in the Soviet Union from the seventies to today [i.e., 1991]... Pikul's works were wildly popular: more than 20 million copies were sold in his lifetime.

Little of Pikul's work has been translated into English. In May 2001 a seagoing minesweeper of the Black Sea Fleet was named in his honor. So too was an oil tanker built in 2023 for state oil producer Rosneft's shipping business.