hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lithuanian Chess Championship
The first unofficial Lithuanian Chess Championship was held in Kaunas (Temporary capital of Lithuania) in 1921. The Champion's title was granted after victorious or drawn match between previous champion and challenger, mostly a winner of Championship of Kaunas (later - the Championship of Lithuania) in the period from 1922 to World War II. The first official Lithuanian championship was held in 1929. The next year, Lithuania joined FIDE, the World Chess Federation.

When Lithuania was part of the Soviet Union (June 1940 – June 1941 and July 1944 – March 1990), players from other Soviet Republics were sometimes invited to play in the championship. In 1951, Ratmir Kholmov won the championship ahead of the guests Andor Lilienthal, Tigran Petrosian, and Vladimir Simagin.

Tigran Petrosian
Tigran Vardani Petrosian (Armenian: Տիգրան Վարդանի Պետրոսյան; Russian: Тигран Вартанович Петросян; 17 June 1929 – 13 August 1984) was a Soviet-Armenian chess grandmaster. The ninth World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969, he was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his almost-impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else. Petrosian is often credited with popularizing chess in Armenia.

Petrosian was a candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the World Championship in 1963 (against Mikhail Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Boris Spassky), and lost it to Spassky in 1969. Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship Candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975).
Rudi Louw
Rudi Louw (born 28 September 1985, in Windhoek) is a Namibian football midfielder currently playing for Black Africa.  He is a member of the Namibia national football team.

Rudy Louw signed up for Black Africa, after spending three seasons with the double-league champions.

Namibia national football team
The Namibia national football team represents Namibia in men's international football and is controlled by the Namibia Football Association. They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have made four appearances in the Africa Cup of Nations. The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Rheniite
Rheniite is a very rare rhenium sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (ReS2). It forms metallic, silver grey platey crystals in the triclinic - pinacoidal class. It has a specific gravity of 7.5.

It was discovered at the Kudriavy Volcano, Iturup Island in the Kurile Islands, Russia and approved in 2004. It is found in active hot fumaroles on the volcano.

Rheniite is one of the first minerals of the element rhenium to be found. The other known approved rhenium mineral is the sulfide mineral tarkianite. Almost all commercially mined rhenium is retrieved as a by-product of molybdenum mining as rhenium occurs in amounts up to 0.2% in the mineral molybdenite. A discredited rhenium sulfide known as zappinite does not appear to be valid.

Rheniite has also been reported in the Pagoni Rachi Mo–Cu–Te–Ag–Au deposit in northeastern Greece where it occurs with molybdenite in quartz veins associated with an epithermal system in a dacite porphyry.

Dacite
Dacite (/ˈdeɪsaɪt/) is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. It has a fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. It is composed predominantly of plagioclase feldspar and quartz.

Dacite is relatively common, occurring in many tectonic settings. It is associated with andesite and rhyolite as part of the subalkaline tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series.
Carrie Ng
Carrie Ng (born 1963) is a Hong Kong actress well known for both Category-III cult and mainstream films. She won Best Actress at the 1993 Golden Horse Film Festival awards for her performance in Remains of a Woman and Best Supporting Actress at the 2000 Hong Kong Film Awards for The Kid. Other notable film credits include Edward Yang's Mahjong (1996) and cult classics Sex and Zen (1991) and Naked Killer (1992).

Ng made her directorial debut with the revenge-thriller Angel Whispers (2015), which she co-directed, produced and scripted with film executive Shirley Yung.

Edward Yang
Edward Yang (Chinese: 楊德昌; pinyin: Yáng Déchāng; November 6, 1947 – June 29, 2007) was a Taiwanese and American filmmaker. He rose to prominence as a pioneer in the Taiwanese New Wave of the 1980s, alongside fellow auteurs Hou Hsiao-hsien and Tsai Ming-liang. Yang was regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of Taiwanese cinema. He won the Best Director Award at Cannes for his 2000 film Yi Yi.
Wayne Howard (American football)
For the American comic book artist, see Wayne Howard.

Wayne Howard (born April 30, 1931) is an American former football coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of California, Riverside from 1972 to 1973, California State University, Long Beach from 1974 to 1976, and the University of Utah from 1977 to 1981, compiling career college football head coaching record of 70–37–2. Howard is also the head football coach at Gavilan College in Gilroy, California from 1966 to 1971 and Long Beach City College (LBCC) from 1982 to 1983, tallying a career junior college football head coaching record of 46–28–1.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.
Terence Young (writer)
Terence Young (born 1953) is a Canadian writer. He is most noted for his poetry collection The Island in Winter, which was shortlisted for the Governor General's Award for English-language poetry at the 1999 Governor General's Awards and for the Gerald Lampert Award in 2000.

The Island in Winter was his debut poetry collection. The following year he published his first short story collection, Rhymes with Useless. He followed up with the novel After Goodlake's in 2004, the poetry collection Moving Day in 2006, and the short story collection The End of the Ice Age in 2010.

Rhymes with Useless was a finalist for the Danuta Gleed Literary Award in 2001, After Goodlake's won the city of Victoria's Butler Book Prize in 2005, and Moving Day was a finalist for the Dorothy Livesay Poetry Prize in 2007.

He is married to poet Patricia Young. Their daughter Clea Young is also a writer, whose debut short story collection Teardown was published in 2016.

Governor General's Award for English-language poetry
This is a list of recipients and nominees of the Governor General's Awards award for English-language poetry. The award was created in 1981 when the Governor General's Award for English language poetry or drama was divided.
Daniil Bessarabov
Daniil Vladimirovich Bessarabov (Russian: Даниил Владимирович Бессарабов; born 9 July 1976) is a Russian political figure and deputy of the 7th and 8th State Duma convocations.

In 1999, Bessarabov graduated from the Altai State University. In 2006, he was awarded a Doctor of Juridical Science degree. From 1999 to 2004, he worked as a lawyer in Barnaul. In 2004, he was elected a deputy of the Altai Regional Council of People's Deputies, running from the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia. Later he joined the United Russia. On September 17, 2010, he was appointed the Deputy Governor of the Altai Territory. Since 2016, he has served as deputy of the 7th (2016-2021) and 8th State Duma (2021-) convocations.

Daniil Bessarabov is married and has two daughters.

Altai State University
Altai State University (Russian: Алтайский государственный университет is a public research university in Barnaul, Russia. It was established as the first multidisciplinary university in Altai Krai in 1973.
Nassau Lake, New York
Nassau Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Schodack and Nassau in Rensselaer County, New York, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Nassau Lake CDP is in southern Rensselaer County, surrounding a lake of the same name. The CDP includes the hamlets of Rosecrans Park, Braeside, and Morey Park, and it is bordered to the south by the village of Nassau. The CDP is 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Albany, the state capital. The outlet of Nassau Lake, the Valatie Kill, flows south to Kinderhook Creek, which continues southwest to Stockport Creek and the Hudson River.

The Nassau Lake is currently polluted with PCBs, industrial hazardous waste and carcinogens from the Dewey Loeffel Landfill. In 2019, the Community Advisory Group was founded on the basis of communication about future plans regarding this lake and the pollution.

Stockport Creek
Stockport Creek  is a 2.4-mile-long (3.9 km) tributary to the Hudson River in the town of Stockport, New York, in the United States. Its source is the confluence of Kinderhook Creek and Claverack Creek near the village of Stockport.  Its mouth is at the Hudson River at the western boundary of Stockport. The creek is tidal for about one mile inland from the Hudson River.
Auslan
Auslan (/ˈɒzlæn/; an abbreviation of Australian Sign Language) is the sign language used by the majority of the Australian Deaf community. Auslan is related to British Sign Language (BSL) and New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL); the three have descended from the same parent language, and together comprise the BANZSL language family. As with other sign languages, Auslan's grammar and vocabulary is quite different from spoken English. Its origin cannot be attributed to any individual; rather, it is a natural language that emerged spontaneously and has changed over time.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Emigrants Mountain
Emigrants Mountain is a summit in Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada. accessible by walking track and with views over the Miette Valley, Mount Fitzwilliam and other peaks in the Great Divide. Emigrants Mountain was so named on account of gold prospectors in the area during the Cariboo Gold Rush.

Mount Fitzwilliam
Mount Fitzwilliam is a 2,901-metre (9,518-foot) mountain summit located in the Canadian Rockies within Mount Robson Provincial Park in British Columbia, Canada. Mount Fitzwilliam is situated 6.0 km (3.7 mi) south of Yellowhead Pass and 4.0 km (2.5 mi) west of the Continental Divide, near the headwaters of the Fraser River. Its nearest higher peak is Roche Noire, 8.5 km (5.3 mi) to the east. Mt. Fitzwilliam is a prominent landmark seen from eastbound Highway 16 before travelers enter Jasper National Park from the west entrance. The mountain is also visible to riders on the Canadian train.
Eorasaurus
Eorasaurus is an extinct genus of archosauromorph reptile known from the middle late Permian (late Capitanian or early Wuchiapingian age) of Tatarstan, European Russia. It contains a single species, Eorasaurus olsoni. When originally described by Sennikov (1997), Eorasaurus was identified as an early archosauromorph and assigned to the family Protorosauridae, Ezcurra et al. (2014) and Ezcurra (2016) later reclassified Eorasaurus and placed it within the group Archosauriformes. Eorasaurus is based solely on scant fossil material from the neck region, and is thus considered an unstable taxon in phylogenetic analyses. If Eorasaurus is an archosauriform, it would be the oldest known member of the group and would pre-date the previous record holder (the proterosuchid Archosaurus).

European Russia
European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia, encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. The two parts of Russia are divided by the Ural Mountains and Ural river, bisecting the Eurasian supercontinent. European Russia spans roughly 40% of Europe's total landmass, with over 15% of its total population, making Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe. The region is divided into six Federal districts.
Laura Bentivoglio Davia
Laura Bentivoglio Davia (1689–1761) was an Italian aristocratic philosopher engaged in the pursuit of knowledge and natural philosophy. She was known primarily for creating relationships with leading natural philosophers associated with the University of Bologna and the Istituto delle Scienze .

Giovanni Bianchi (physician)
Giovanni Bianchi (1693–1775), also known as Jano Planco, was an Italian physician, anatomist, archaeologist, zoologist and intellectual. He wrote numerous medical texts and De Conchis minus notis liber (1739), a work on Foraminifera, and maintained a cabinet of curiosities.
COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the U.S. state of Pennsylvania in March 2020. As of October 7, 2021, the Pennsylvania Department of Health has confirmed 1,464,264 cumulative cases and 29,814 deaths in the state. As of September 1, 2021, Pennsylvania has administered 6,238,812 partial vaccinations, and 5,983,128 full vaccinations.

Jim Kenney
James Francis Kenney (born August 7, 1958) is an American politician who served as the 99th mayor of Philadelphia from 2016 to 2024. Kenney was first elected on November 3, 2015, defeating his Republican rival Melissa Murray Bailey after winning the crowded Democratic primary contest by a landslide on May 19.

Before he became mayor, Kenney was a member of the Philadelphia City Council for 23 years, serving as a Councilman at Large from January 1992 until January 29, 2015, when he resigned to run for mayor.

Kenney was re-elected to a second term as mayor on November 5, 2019.
Q-switching
Q-switching, sometimes known as giant pulse formation or Q-spoiling, is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam. The technique allows the production of light pulses with extremely high (gigawatt) peak power, much higher than would be produced by the same laser if it were operating in a continuous wave (constant output) mode. Compared to mode locking, another technique for pulse generation with lasers, Q-switching leads to much lower pulse repetition rates, much higher pulse energies, and much longer pulse durations. The two techniques are sometimes applied together.

Q-switching was first proposed in 1958 by Gordon Gould, and independently discovered and demonstrated in 1961 or 1962 by R.W. Hellwarth and F.J. McClung at Hughes Research Laboratories using electrically switched Kerr cell shutters in a ruby laser. Optical nonlinearities such as Q-switching were fully explained by Nicolaas Bloembergen, who won the Nobel Prize in 1981 for this work.

Nicolaas Bloembergen
Nicolaas Bloembergen (March 11, 1920 – September 5, 2017) was a Dutch-American physicist and Nobel laureate, recognized for his work in developing driving principles behind nonlinear optics for laser spectroscopy. During his career, he was a professor at Harvard University and later at the University of Arizona and at Leiden University in 1973 (as Lorentz Professor).

Bloembergen shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Arthur Schawlow and Kai Siegbahn because their work "has had a profound effect on our present knowledge of the constitution of matter" through the use of laser spectroscopy. In particular, Bloembergen was singled out because he "founded a new field of science we now call non-linear optics" by mixing "two or more beams of laser light... in order to produce laser light of a different wave length" and thus significantly broaden the laser spectroscopy frequency band.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Kentucky
The table below includes sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Jefferson County, Kentucky except those in the following neighborhoods/districts of Louisville: Anchorage, Downtown, The Highlands, Old Louisville, Portland and the West End (including Algonquin, California, Chickasaw, Park Hill, Parkland, Russell and Shawnee). Links to tables of listings in these other areas are provided below.

There are 509 properties and districts in the county listed on the National Register, including 8 National Historic Landmarks and 2 National Cemeteries. Latitude and longitude coordinates of the 228 sites listed on this page may be displayed in a map or exported in several formats by clicking on one of the links in the box below the map of Kentucky to the right.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 30, 2026.

Shawnee, Louisville
Shawnee is a neighborhood in western Louisville, Kentucky. Its boundaries are the Ohio River on the West, Bank Street and the Portland neighborhood on the North, I-264 on the East, and West Broadway on the South. Maps sometimes identify the area as Shawneeland.
Ashley Forest
Ashley Forest is a forest and a statistical area in the Canterbury Region's Hurunui District on the east coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is located north of the Ashley River / Rakahuri and northeast of the Okuku River.

The forest was planted from 1939. It is managed by Rayonier Matariki and is only accessible by the public with a permit.

Ashley Forest Village is a small settlement at the southern end of the forest.

Okuku River
The Okuku River is a river of the north Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows predominantly south from several sources in and close to the eastern edge of the Puketeraki Range west of Waikari, flowing through a steep gorge in the Okuku Range before flowing into the Ashley River / Rakahuri 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Oxford.

Pinchgut hut is located next to the Okuku river.
Torre San Patrizio
Torre San Patrizio (pronounced [ˈtorre sam paˈtrittsjo]) is a commune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region of Marche, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Ancona and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Ascoli Piceno.

In medieval times it was a free commune; later it was subjected to Cesare Borgia, the Sforza and the Papal States. It has 14th- to 15th-century walls.

Medieval commune
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup.

Communes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread phenomenon. They had greater development in central-northern Italy, where they became city-states based on partial democracy. At the same time in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility.
New Zealand Pacific Party
The New Zealand Pacific Party was a Christian political party that existed in New Zealand from 2008 to 2010.  The party was founded as a vehicle for former Labour MP Taito Phillip Field, who was subsequently convicted for bribery and corruption.  It aimed to represent Pacific Island communities within New Zealand, and support Christian and "family values" and social justice.

Family values
Family values, sometimes referred to as familial values, are traditional or cultural values that pertain to the family's structure, function, roles, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals. Additionally, the concept of family values may be understood as a reflection of the degree to which familial relationships are valued within an individual's life.

In the social sciences and American political discourse, the conventional term "traditional family" describes the nuclear family: a child-rearing environment composed of a leading father, a homemaking mother, and their nominally biological children. A family deviating from this model is considered a non-traditional family.
Wall Range
Wall Range is a mountain range, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long in a NE-SW direction with steep wall-like cliffs and jagged peaks rising to 1,095 metres (3,593 ft), extending from Thunder Glacier to Channel Glacier in the center of Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. First mapped by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache. Surveyed in 1944 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and given this descriptive name.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wall Range". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

64°49′S 63°22′W﻿ / ﻿64.817°S 63.367°W﻿ / -64.817; -63.367

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Chevrolet SS
The Chevrolet SS is a performance full-size sedan sold by Chevrolet from 2013 to 2017, as a rebadge of the Holden Commodore exclusive to the United States. It was sold in the 2014–2017 model years.

It was unveiled during Speedweeks in Daytona Beach, Florida, in February 2013. The SS started sale in the 2014 model year in late 2013. It was Chevrolet's first rear-wheel drive V8 sedan since 1996.

Model year
The model year (sometimes abbreviated as MY) is a method of describing the version of a product which has been produced over multiple years. The model year may or may not be the same as the calendar year in which the product was manufactured.
Sedna IV
The S/Y Sedna IV is a 51-metre (167 ft) three-masted schooner which has been used for scientific expeditions and the filming of documentaries.

Built by Abeking & Rasmussen in Germany in 1957 as a Sidefishing Trawler, refitted as a sailing vessel in 1992, she was equipped with a film studio in 2001 when a Canadian film crew acquired her. The ship was previously named Saint Kilda. Sedna IV is fitted out with a cutting room and an equipment room containing high-definition filmmaking apparatus. The crew can use the onboard high-precision scientific equipment to gather, compile and analyze data to fulfill the expedition's scientific research program.  The schooner is also connected to the internet via satellite, enabling land-based researchers to become virtual mariners.

The schooner has a 78,000 L (17,000 imp gal; 21,000 US gal) diesel reserve giving her a range of 8,500 nautical miles (20,000 km). She is also equipped with 700 square metres (7,500 sq ft) of sailcloth.

Abeking & Rasmussen
Abeking & Rasmussen (A&R) is a shipyard situated in Lemwerder, near Bremen in the German state of Lower Saxony. The shipyard is on the left bank of the River Weser, and currently comprises five production halls with associated workshops and offices, an inner harbour and a syncrolift.