hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giovanni Natoli
The Prince Giovanni Forti Natoli or Gianforte Natoli  was a Sicilian nobleman, the son of Blasco Natoli Lanza and Domenica Giambruno Perna. He was baron of S. Bartolomeo and Belice. On 20 August 1597 he bought the barony of Sperlinga from Giovanni Ventimiglia, marquis of Gerace,: 453  for 30,834 ounces of gold.: 542  Natoli was granted a  licentia populandi cum privilegium aedificandi ("licence to populate and build") by the king of Sicily, Philip II of Spain. In 1627 he was made prince of Sperlinga by Philip IV of Spain.: 453

Natoli was married twice: first to Maria Cottone Aragona, daughter of Stefano, count of Bauso; and second, to Melchiora Orioles Moncada, daughter of Orazio, baron of San Pietro di Patti. With the latter he had a son, Francesco Natoli.: 453

Giovanni Natoli died on 15 July 1633.: 84

Gerace
Gerace (Italian pronunciation: [dʒeˈraːtʃe]; Greek: Γερακιον, romanized: Gerakion, also known as Hierax) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy.
Gerace is located some 10 kilometres (6 mi) inland from Locri, yet the latter town and the sea can be seen from Gerace's perch atop a 500-metre (1,600 ft) vertical rock.  The town stands on a hill formed of conglomerates of sea fossils from 60 million years ago. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Frederick H. Brooke
Frederick Hiester Brooke (October 9, 1876 – December 24, 1960) was an American architect from Washington, D.C., who designed houses, schools, churches, and embassies during his 40-year career.  A native of Pennsylvania, Brooke studied in the US and France before opening his practice in the nation's capital.  He served overseas during World War I and would later design a memorial in West Potomac Park, which honors local soldiers.  He was an active member in several professional organizations, most notably the American Institute of Architects.  Brooke's wife, Henrietta, served as president of the Girl Scouts in the 1930s.  Among Brooke's notable works are Dumbarton Oaks, the District of Columbia War Memorial, the Sulgrave Club and the British Ambassador's residence, which he co-designed with Edwin Lutyens.

Virginia Episcopal School
Virginia Episcopal School (VES) is a private, co-educational college preparatory, boarding and day school for students in grades 9 - 12, located in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. The school was first conceived in 1906 by the Reverend Robert Carter Jett, and opened its doors to students in September 1916. Virginia Episcopal School's 160-acre (0.65 km2) campus is located above the James River in Lynchburg along the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
The Battle of Albuera
The Battle of Albuera is a 1912 historical battle painting by the British artist William Barnes Wollen. It depicts the Battle of Albuera fought in Extremadura, Spain on 16 May 1811 during the Peninsular War. The Allied Army under the Anglo-Irish general William Carr Beresford fought the French in a bloody but indecisive battle.

The painting shows the 3rd Foot regiment rallying round their regimental colours as they are attacked by French cavalry. It was exhibited at the Royal Academy's 1912 Summer Exhibition at Burlington House. It is now in the collection of the National Army Museum in Chelsea.

Burlington House
Burlington House is a building on Piccadilly in Mayfair, London. It was originally a private English Baroque and then Neo-Palladian mansion owned by the Earls of Burlington. It was significantly expanded in the mid-19th century after being purchased by the British government. Today, the Royal Academy and five learned societies occupy much of the building.
Tizoughrane
Tizoughrane is a small town and rural commune in Tiznit Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 6,250 people living in 1,379 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Ladrovići
Ladrovići (Italian: Ladri) is a village in the municipality of Poreč-Parenzo, Istria in Croatia. The Croatian name Ladrovići finds its etymological roots in the Italian word ladro meaning thief or burglar.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Jama Masjid, Motijheel
The Jama Masjid, also known as the Kala Masjid and as the Motijheel Mosque, is a Friday mosque, located on the western bank of Motijhil, in the historical city of Murshidabad, in the state of West Bengal, India. The Jama Masjid was built by Nawajish Muhammad Khan in c. 1750 CE.

Hazarduari Palace and its associated sites in the Kila Nizamat area are a major centre of attraction in Murshidabad. Just a little away are Katra Masjid, Fauti Mosque, Jama Masjid and the Motijhil area. There is a group of attractions in the northern part of the town. Some attractions such as Khushbagh, Rosnaiganj, Baranagar, Kiriteswari Temple, Karnasuvarna and others are on the other side of the river and there are attractions in the neighbouring Berhampore area.

The Motijheel Jama Mosque is a Monuments of National Importance, managed by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Karnasuvarna
Karnasuvarna or Karnasubarna (Bengali : কর্ণসুবর্ণ or কানসোনা, lit. "Golden-Ear"/ "Gold-Ear") was an ancient city, located in the present day Berhampore CD block in the Berhampore subdivision of Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. It was the capital of Gauda Kingdom.
Kara Castle
Kara Castle (Turkish: Kara Kalesi) is a castle ruin in Mersin Province, Turkey. Actually its name was Corycus Castle. The ancient town Corycus had two castles; one on the island facing the town and one on the land. So its customary to call the land castle Kara Castle (meaning ‘’land Castle’’ in Turkish).The castle is at 36°27′46″N 34°09′03″E﻿ / ﻿36.46278°N 34.15083°E﻿ / 36.46278; 34.15083. Its distance to Erdemli is 22 kilometres (14 mi) and to Mersin is 59 kilometres (37 mi).

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Vester Newcomb
Vester Newcomb (July 14, 1932 – October 6, 2009) was an American football player and coach. He was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the 1956 NFL draft, but opted instead to continue his playing career at the University of Miami. Newcomb served as the head football coach at the University of Tennessee at Martin from 1978 to 1979, compiling a record of 7–13.

University of Tennessee at Martin
The University of Tennessee at Martin (UT Martin or UTM) is a public university in Martin, Tennessee, United States. It is one of the five campuses of the University of Tennessee system. UTM is the only public university in West Tennessee outside of Memphis.

UTM operates a large experimental farm and several satellite centers in West Tennessee.
Tamsen Fadal
Tamsen Fadal (born December 4, 1970) is an American journalist, writer, and menopause advocate. She is the author of the New York Times bestseller How To Menopause, Reclaim Your Health, Take Charge of Your Life and Feel Even Better Than Before. She is co-producer and executive producer of two documentary films The M Factor: Shredding the Silence on Menopause. and The M Factor 2: Before the Pause, focused on Perimenopause. https://themfactorfilm.com/ She is also the founder of the social media #PostYourPatch movement to normalize conversations around hormone therapy.

Ellis Island Medal of Honor
The Ellis Island Medal of Honor is an American award founded by the Ellis Island Honors Society (EIHS) (formerly known as the National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations (NECO)), which is presented annually to American citizens, both native-born and naturalized.

The Medal recognizes — in the organization's words —

individuals who have made it their mission to share with those less fortunate, their wealth of knowledge, indomitable courage, boundless compassion, unique talents and selfless generosity. They do so while acknowledging their debt to their ethnic heritage as they uphold the ideals and spirit of America.

Past medalists include U.S. presidents, world leaders, Nobel Prize winners, and other leaders of industry, education, the arts, sports and government, along with everyday Americans.
One Love at a Time
"One Love at a Time" is a song written by Paul Davis and Paul Overstreet, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker.  It was released in February 1986 as the first single from the album Girls Like Me.  The song reached #3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Paul Davis (singer)
Paul Lavon Davis (April 21, 1948 – April 22, 2008) was an American singer and songwriter, best known for his radio hits and solo career that started worldwide in 1970. His career encompassed soul, country, and pop. His most successful songs are 1977's "I Go Crazy", a No. 7 pop hit that once held the record for the longest chart run on the Billboard Hot 100, and 1982's "'65 Love Affair", which at No. 6 is his highest-charting single. Another pop hit, "Cool Night", was released in 1981. In the mid-1980s, he also had two No. 1 country hits as a guest vocalist on songs by Marie Osmond and Tanya Tucker.
Palazzo San Callisto
The Palazzo San Callisto (also known as the Palace of Saint Callixtus) is a Baroque palace in the Trastevere neighborhood of Rome and one of the extraterritorial Properties of the Holy See. The original Palazzo is located in the Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere, the later extensions have their entrance in Piazza di San Callisto. The entire complex is one of the areas of the Holy See regulated by the 1929 Lateran Treaty signed with the Kingdom of Italy. As such it has extraterritorial status.

In the courtyard of the palace is the well where, according to tradition, Pope Callixtus I was martyred in the year 222.

Giuseppe Momo
Giuseppe Momo (1875–1940) was an Italian architect and engineer, perhaps best known for the Scala Momo in the Vatican Museums cast by Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry of Florence and the Pontifical Ethiopian College.
Troy Little
Troy Little (born 7 March 1973) is a Canadian cartoonist working in comic books and animation. He began self publishing with Chiaroscuro, a graphic novel that was developed between 2000 and 2005 under his Meanwhile Studios imprint. After winning two grants (Xeric and P.E.I. Council of the Arts) and being praised by Dave Sim, Chiaroscuro vol. 1 was released in 2007 by IDW Publishing.

Print on demand
Print on demand (POD) is a printing technology and business process in which book copies (or other documents, packaging, or materials) are not printed until the company receives an order, allowing prints in single or small quantities. While other industries established the build-to-order business model, POD could only develop after the beginning of digital printing, as it was not economical to print single copies using traditional printing technologies such as letterpress and offset printing.

Many traditional small presses have replaced their traditional printing equipment with POD equipment or contracted their printing to POD service providers. Many academic publishers, including university presses, use POD services to maintain large backlists (lists of older publications); some use POD for all of their publications. Larger publishers may use POD in special circumstances, such as reprinting older, out-of-print titles or for test marketing.
Gummel plot
In electronics, the Gummel plot is the combined plot of the base and collector electric currents,  and , of a bipolar transistor vs. the base–emitter voltage, , on a semi-logarithmic scale. This plot is very useful in device characterization because it reflects on the quality of the emitter–base junction while the base–collector bias, , is kept constant.

A number of other device parameters can be garnered either quantitatively or qualitatively directly from the Gummel plot:

The common-emitter current gain, , and the common-base current gain, ,

Base and collector ideality factors, ,

Series resistances and leakage currents.

Sometimes the DC current gain, , is plotted on the same figure as well.

Common base
In electronics, a common-base (also known as grounded-base) amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a current buffer or voltage amplifier.

In this circuit the emitter terminal of the transistor serves as the input, the collector as the output, and the base is connected to ground, or "common", hence its name. The analogous field-effect transistor circuit is the common-gate amplifier.
Zacara da Teramo
Antonio "Zacara" da Teramo (in Latin Antonius Berardi Andree de Teramo, also Zacar, Zaccara, Zacharie, Zachara, and Çacharius; c.1350/1360 – between May 19, 1413 and mid-September 1416) was an Italian composer, singer, and papal secretary of the late Trecento and early 15th century.  He was one of the most active Italian composers around 1400, and his style bridged the periods of the Trecento, ars subtilior, and beginnings of the musical Renaissance.

Squarcialupi Codex
The Squarcialupi Codex (Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, MS Mediceo Palatino 87) is an illuminated manuscript compiled in Florence in the early fifteenth century. It is named for the noted fifteenth-century organist Antonio Squarcialupi, who owned it.: 448

It is the single largest primary source of secular polyphonic music of the Trecento – the Italian ars nova – and contains the largest surviving collection of the compositions of Francesco Landini. The illuminated portraits of the musicians are attributed to Lorenzo Monaco and his circle. It is not known by whom, for what purpose, nor under whose patronage the compilation was made.: 202
Tapuy
Tapuy, also spelled tapuey or tapey, is a rice wine produced in the Philippines. It is a traditional beverage and originated from Banaue and Mountain Province, where it is used for important occasions like weddings, rice harvesting ceremonies, fiestas and cultural fairs. It is produced from either pure glutinous rice or a combination of glutinous and non-glutinous rice together with onuad roots, ginger extract, and a powdered starter culture locally known as bubod. Tapuy is an Ilocano name. The wine is more commonly called baya or bayah in Igorot languages.

Mountain Province
Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc while Bauko is the largest municipality. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as Mountain in some foreign references. The name is usually shortened by locals to Mt. Province.

The province was named so for being in the Cordillera Central mountain range found in the upper realms of Luzon island.

Mountain Province was also the name of the historical province that included most of the current Cordillera provinces. This old province was established by the Philippine Commission in 1908, and was later split in 1966 into Mountain Province, Benguet, Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao.

The province is also known for its mummy caves, which contain naturally mummified bodies, and for its hanging coffins.
Bill Ash (basketball)
William Ash was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Chicago American Gears in the National Basketball League for two games in the 1944–45 season and averaged 5.0 points per game.

Chicago American Gears
The Chicago American Gears were an American basketball team that played professionally in the National Basketball League (NBL) from 1944 to 1947 and in the Professional Basketball League of America (PBLA) in 1947 after leaving the NBL. The team is best known for George Mikan's stint with the team where he led them to the 1947 NBL championship. The team's owner, Maurice White, also owned the local American Gear & Manufacturing Company as well, hence the name of the team in question.
26th Venice Biennale
The 26th Venice Biennale, held in 1952, was an exhibition of international contemporary art, with 26 participating nations. The Venice Biennale takes place biennially in Venice, Italy. Winners of the Gran Premi (Grand Prize) included French painter Raoul Dufy, American sculptor Alexander Calder, German etcher Emil Nolde, and Italians painter Bruno Cassinari ex aequo with Bruno Saetti, sculptor Marino Marini, and etcher Tono Zancanaro.

Raoul Dufy
Raoul Dufy (French pronunciation: [ʁaul dyfi]; 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a French painter associated with the Fauvist movement. He gained recognition for his vibrant and decorative style, which became popular in various forms, such as textile designs, and public building decorations. Dufy is most remembered for his artwork depicting outdoor social gatherings. In addition to painting, he was skilled in various other fields, including drawing, printmaking, book illustration, scenic design, furniture design, and planning public spaces.
Hans Krása
Hans Krása (30 November 1899 – 17 October 1944) was a Czech composer. He was killed during the Holocaust at Auschwitz-Birkenau. He helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp.

Christian Morgenstern
Christian Otto Josef Wolfgang Morgenstern (6 May 1871 – 31 March 1914) was a German writer and poet from Munich.  Morgenstern married Margareta Gosebruch von Liechtenstern on 7 March 1910.  He worked for a while as a journalist in Berlin, but spent much of his life traveling through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, primarily in a vain attempt to recover his health.  His travels, though they failed to restore him to health, allowed him to meet many of the foremost literary and philosophical figures of his time in central Europe.
Al-Sarkha (Bakhah)
Al-Sarkha, Bakh'ah or Bakh'a (Western Neo-Aramaic: ܒܟܥܐ - בכעא lit. 'to cry or to weep', Arabic: الصرخة or بخعة) is a depopulated Syrian village in the Yabroud District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Sarkha had a population of 1,405 in the 2004 census. The village, inhabited by Sunni Muslims of Aramean descent, it was vastly damaged during the Syrian Civil War, and all of the inhabitants fled to other parts of Syria or to Lebanon as refugees. As of 1 February 2025, the village is still completely uninhabited. It was one of the only three remaining villages where Western Neo-Aramaic is spoken, alongside Maaloula and Jubb'adin.

Following their conversion to Islam in the 18th century, the inhabitants of Bakh'a underwent a religious transformation, shifting from being exclusively Christian to entirely Muslim.

Yabroud District
Yabroud District (Arabic: منطقة يبرود, romanized: manṭiqat Yabrūd) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Yabroud. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 48,370.
Compo, Connecticut
Compo is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Westport, Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is in the south-central part of the town, lying between the Saugatuck River and the neighborhood of Saugatuck to the west, and Compo Cove, Sherwood Millpond, and the neighborhood of Greens Farms to the east. The CDP extends south to Compo Beach on Long Island Sound and north to U.S. Route 1 (Post Road). Interstate 95 crosses the middle of the CDP from east to west, with access from either Saugatuck or Greens Farms.

Compo was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. The Compo–Owenoke Historic District is in the southern part of the CDP.

Compo–Owenoke Historic District
The Compo–Owenoke Historic District encompasses an early 20th-century summer resort beach community in Westport, Connecticut.  Developed between 1910 and 1940, the Compo Beach area contains one of the largest assemblages of period resort architecture in Westport, and one of the best such collections in the region.  The district, covering 154 acres (62 ha) south of Compo Road South, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
Daniel Okulitch
Daniel Okulitch (born January 30, 1976) is a Canadian bass-baritone. He first came to attention on Broadway as Schaunard in Baz Luhrmann's production of La bohème in 2002/03 – a role he repeated when the production traveled to Los Angeles the following year, for which he received the Ovation Award for Best Ensemble Performance from the Los Angeles Stage Alliance. He has since begun an international career with opera companies and orchestras throughout Europe and North America, and is admired for both his singing and powerful stage presence. He is sought after for many contemporary operas and world premieres, as well as the roles of Mozart, including Figaro and Don Giovanni.

JFK (opera)
JFK is an opera in three acts by American composer David T. Little, with an English-language libretto by Royce Vavrek. The opera's story is based on the final night of American president John F. Kennedy's life that was spent in at the Hotel Texas in Fort Worth, prior to his assassination in Dallas, on November 22, 1963.

The opera was commissioned by Fort Worth Opera, Opéra de Montréal and American Lyric Theater, and received its premiere at Fort Worth Opera on April 23, 2016 in a production directed by Thaddeus Strassberger.
Macchiarini
Macchiarini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Paolo Macchiarini (born 1958), Italian thoracic surgeon and fraudster

Peter Macchiarini (1909–2001), Italian-American jeweler and sculptor

Peter Macchiarini
Peter Macchiarini (August 27, 1909 – July 3, 2001) was an American Modernist jeweler and sculptor, who was a pioneer in the field of avant-garde jewelry. He maintained an art studio and shop on Grant Avenue in San Francisco, California, for more than 50 years. He was instrumental in organizing the first San Francisco outdoor art festival in 1938 as well as founding the Upper Grant Avenue Street Fair in 1954, an event that spawned similar artist-run festivals in the San Francisco Bay Area.