hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ArchiveGrid
ArchiveGrid is a collection of over five million archival material descriptions, including MARC records from WorldCat and finding aids harvested from the web.  It contains archival collections held by thousands of libraries, museums, historical societies, and archives.  Contribution to the system is available to any institution. Most of the contributions are from United States based institutions, but many other countries are represented, including Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. ArchiveGrid is associated with OCLC Research and helps to advance their goals of making archival collections and materials easier to find. ArchiveGrid is described as "the ultimate destination for searching through family histories, political papers, and historical records held in archives around the world."

MARC standards
MARC (machine-readable cataloging) is a standard set of digital formats for the machine-readable description of items catalogued by libraries, such as books, DVDs, and digital resources. Computerized library catalogs and library management software need to structure their catalog records as per an industry-wide standard, which is MARC, so that bibliographic information can be shared freely between computers. The structure of bibliographic records almost universally follows the MARC standard. Other standards work in conjunction with MARC, for example, Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)/Resource Description and Access (RDA) provide guidelines on formulating bibliographic data into the MARC record structure, while the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) provides guidelines for displaying MARC records in a standard, human-readable form.
Michel Pigeon
Michel Pigeon (born 1945) is a Canadian politician. Pigeon was elected to represent the riding of Charlesbourg in the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2008 provincial election. He is a member of the Quebec Liberal Party.

Pigeon received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the Laval University. He also made studies at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England.  He later worked as an engineer until 1972 where he worked as a professor in the Department of Engineering at Laval, specialized in concrete structures. From 2002 to 2007, he was also rector for the university.

Pigeon defeated the ADQ's Catherine Morissette in Charlesbourg in the 2008 elections.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Marcinów, Poddębice County
Marcinów [marˈt͡ɕinuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Zadzim, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
College Hill, Texas
College Hill is an unincorporated community in Bowie County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 116 in 1990. It is located within the Texarkana metropolitan area.

Texarkana metropolitan area
The Texarkana metropolitan statistical area (MSA), as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is a two-county region anchored by the twin cities of Texarkana, Texas (population 37,333) and Texarkana, Arkansas (population 30,259), and encompassing surrounding communities in Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. As of the 2016 census, the MSA had a population of 150,098. Texarkana is a subset of the broader Ark-La-Tex region.
Le (surname)
Le is a romanization of several rare East Asian surnames and a common Vietnamese surname.

It is a fairly common surname in the United States, ranked 975th during the 1990 census and 368th during the 2000 census. In 2000, it was the eighth-most-common surname among America's Asian and Pacific Islander population, predominantly from its Vietnamese use. It was also reported among the top 200 surnames in Ontario, Canada, based on a survey of that province's Registered Persons Database of Canadian health card recipients as of the year 2000.

Vietnamese phonology
The phonology of Vietnamese features 19 consonant phonemes, with 5 additional consonant phonemes used in Vietnamese's Southern dialect, and 4 exclusive to the Northern dialect.  Vietnamese also has 14 vowel nuclei, and 6 tones that are integral to the interpretation of the language.  Older interpretations of Vietnamese tones differentiated between "sharp" and "heavy" entering and departing tones.  This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology. Two main varieties of Vietnamese, Hanoi and Saigon, which are slightly different from each other, are described below.
Yvan Dutil
Yvan Dutil, born April 6, 1970, is a Canadian astrophysicist. He is a member of the Bioastronomy Commission of the International Astronomical Union and of the International Academy of Astronautics's Permanent Committee on the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI). He and colleague Stéphane Dumas, created a noise-resistant coding system for messages aimed at communicating with extraterrestrial civilization. This system was used in the creation of messages beamed towards close stars from the Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope in Ukraine in 1999 and 2003.

Dutil was a candidate for the Green Party of Quebec in the Quebec election of September 2008, and for the Green Party of Canada in the Canadian federal election of 2011. He is active in fighting light pollution in Québec and advocates for the creation of a Dark Sky preserve around Mont Mégantic Observatory.

His areas of interest include astronomy, voting system reform, light pollution, and sustainable development.

Green Party of Quebec
The Green Party of Quebec (GPQ; French: Parti vert du Québec [paʁti vɛʁ dy kebɛk], PVQ) is a Quebec political party whose platform is the promotion of green politics.  It has not won any seats in the National Assembly of Quebec.  Its platform is oriented towards promotion of green values, sustainable development, and participatory democracy.

The Green Party of Quebec is a coalition of activists and citizens for whom environmental questions are a priority. They believe that the government should help in creating a green, just, democratic and equal society. Their main principles are inspired from the Global Greens Charter which revolves around six main ideas: ecological wisdom, social justice, participatory democracy, nonviolence, sustainability and respect for diversity.

It received 0.76% of the popular vote in the 2022 Quebec general election.
Hong Kong people of Fujianese descent
Hong Kong people of Fujianese origin. Also known as Hoklo (although this term in many contexts also encompasses Chiu Chow people). North Point has a prominent Fujianese community. During the Hong Kong protests there were rumors of armed gangs from the mainland coming to settle disputes with protesters.

The Hoklo people are among the Indigenous inhabitants of the New Territories.

It is thought that 800,000 people have their origin in Fujian.

Chaozhou
Chaozhou (Chinese: 潮州), alternatively Chiuchow, Chaochow or Teochew, is a city in the eastern Guangdong province of China. It borders Shantou to the south, Jieyang to the southwest, Meizhou to the northwest, the province of Fujian to the east, and the South China Sea to the southeast. It is administered as a prefecture-level city with a jurisdiction area of 3,110 km2 (1,200 sq mi) and a total population of 2,568,387. It is also the ancestral hometown of 2.7 million overseas Teochow people.

Along with Shantou and Jieyang, Chaozhou is a cultural center of the Chaoshan region.
Jerusalem (Swedish band)
Jerusalem is a Swedish Christian rock and Christian metal band exemplary of an early hard rock and heavy metal band to discuss Christianity and religious faith in its lyrics. Ulf Christiansson formed the group in 1975 with an  expressly evangelistic purpose, with lyrics describing the band's relationship to God in an ordinary, yet radical, way. Their concerts have been described as a series of revival meetings which often included altar calls and occasionally exorcisms.

Altar call
An altar call is a tradition in some Christian churches in which those who wish to make a new spiritual commitment to Jesus Christ are invited to come forward publicly. It is so named because the supplicants gather before the altar located at the front of the church sanctuary; it is common for people to kneel at the chancel rails or mourner's bench that delimits the altar. Most altar calls occur at the conclusion of a sermon or homily.
Vilseck
Vilseck (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlzɛk] ⓘ) is a town and municipality (German: Gemeinde) in the Oberpfalz region of northeastern Bavaria, Germany, situated on the river Vils, a tributary of the Naab river. As of December 31, 2022, Vilseck's population was 6,768 citizens, who live within an area of 64.71 km2 (24.98 sq mi) consisting of Vilseck town proper and 35 other hamlets and villages. The town is 402 meters (1,300 feet) above sea level.

The town’s name comes from Vilseck castle built in 920.  Eck is the German word for corner.  The Vils river has a tight bend where the castle (German: Burg) is located: thus the name Vilseck.

The town is geographically separate from a nearby large American military base known as the Rose Barracks, but more commonly referred to as Vilseck. The base, built in 1937–1938, was captured during World War II from the Germans, whose name for it was Südlager.

Naab
The Naab (German pronunciation: [naːp] ⓘ; Czech: Nába) is a river in Bavaria, Germany.

This 97.5 kilometer long river is a left tributary of the Danube. Its average discharge at the mouth is 49 m3/s (1,700 cu ft/s).

The Naab is formed by the confluence of the Waldnaab and the Haidenaab in Luhe-Wildenau, south of Weiden in der Oberpfalz. It flows generally south, through the towns Nabburg, Schwandorf and Burglengenfeld. It flows into the Danube near Regensburg.
University of North Carolina - Coastal Studies Institute
The UNC Coastal Studies Institute (or UNC-CSI) is a campus used for research of the coastal environments and eco-systems, at 850 NC-345, Wanchese, in the Outer Banks of North Carolina, United States. The campus serves East Carolina University, UNC Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, UNC Wilmington and Elizabeth City State University.

UNC-CSI is a 52,000-square-foot (4,800 m2) research facility, on a 200-acre (81-hectare) site along the Croatan Sound on the Outer Banks near the town of Manteo. The facility includes research labs for marine archaeology, coastal processes, estuarine ecology, public policy and engineering. The building also houses classrooms and laboratories, along with marine operations, administration and research offices.

Croatan Sound
35°50′15″N 75°41′50″W﻿ / ﻿35.83750°N 75.69722°W﻿ / 35.83750; -75.69722

Croatan Sound is an inlet in Dare County, North Carolina. It connects Pamlico Sound with Albemarle Sound, and is bordered to the east by Roanoke Island; Roanoke Sound is on the other side of the island. Its name comes from the Croatan Indians who once inhabited the area. The Croatan Sound is crossed by two bridges, the older William B. Umstead Bridge, and the newer Virginia Dare Memorial Bridge, which carries U.S. Route 64.
Clemons, New York
Clemons is a hamlet in Washington County, New York, United States. The community is located along New York State Route 22 6 miles (9.7 km) north-northwest of Whitehall. Clemons has a post office with ZIP code 12819, which opened on April 10, 1873.

Whitehall (village), New York
Whitehall is a village located in the town of Whitehall in Washington County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village population was 2,614 in 2010.

The village of Whitehall is located at the point where the Vermont border connects to the southern end of Lake Champlain.
Forbidden Broadway
Forbidden Broadway is an off-Broadway revue parodying musical theatre, particularly Broadway musicals. Conceived, written, and directed by Gerard Alessandrini, the show has been updated many times to parody new musicals and productions. The revue is typically performed by a cast of four with a piano. Versions of the show have been staged in more than 200 U.S. cities, as well as London, Tokyo and elsewhere around the world.

Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revue
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revue is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City.

The category, recognizing the mixed nature of revue productions (as compared to plays or musical productions), was first presented at the 1991 ceremony, as the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical Revue/Entertainment, changing to the shorter name in 1992.
Mrhassiyine
Mrhassiyine is a small town and rural commune in Meknès Prefecture of the Fès-Meknès region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 7774 people living in 1621 households.

Meknès Prefecture
Meknès Prefecture is a prefecture in the Fès-Meknès region of Morocco. It was created from the former prefectures of Meknès-El Menzeh and Al Ismaïlia. The prefecture is divided administratively into the following:
Stephen Thompson (journalist)
Stephen Thompson (born August 1, 1972) is a host, commentator, writer, and editor for NPR and NPR Music. He is a regular on the NPR podcasts Pop Culture Happy Hour and All Songs Considered, a recurring guest host of NPR's New Music Friday, and also serves as an occasional music commentator for Morning Edition. He created the NPR Music video series Tiny Desk Concerts with Bob Boilen in 2008.

NPR Music
NPR Music is a project of National Public Radio, an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization, that launched in November 2007 to present public radio music programming and original editorial content for music discovery. NPR Music offers current and archival podcasts, live concert webcasts, reviews, music lists, news, studio sessions, and interviews to listen to from NPR and partner public radio stations across the country, as well as an index of public radio music stations streaming live on the Internet.  There have been two blogs: "Monitor Mix" (now defunct) by Sleater-Kinney musician Carrie Brownstein and the All Songs Considered Blog by Bob Boilen and Robin Hilton.
High Stile
High Stile is a mountain in the western part of the Lake District in North West England. It is the eleventh-highest English Marilyn, standing 807 metres (2,648 ft) high, and has a relative height of 362 metres (1,188 ft).

It is the highest in the range of fells extending north-west from Great Gable towards Loweswater, and together with its satellites, Red Pike and High Crag, forms a trio of fells overlooking the lake and village of Buttermere. On this side are high crags, wild combes and a small tarn, Bleaberry Tarn. High Stile is most easily ascended as part of a traverse of the three fells.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents
Fermat's Last Theorem is a theorem in number theory, originally stated by Pierre de Fermat in 1637 and proven by Andrew Wiles in 1995.  The statement of the theorem involves an integer exponent n larger than 2.  In the centuries following the initial statement of the result and before its general proof, various proofs were devised for particular values of the exponent n.  Several of these proofs are described below, including Fermat's proof in the case n = 4, which is an early example of the method of infinite descent.

Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (/ˌdɪərɪˈkleɪ/; German: [ləˈʒœn diʁiˈkleː]; 13 February 1805 – 5 May 1859) was a German mathematician. In number theory, he proved special cases of Fermat's Last Theorem and created analytic number theory. In analysis, he advanced the theory of Fourier series and was one of the first to give the modern formal definition of a function. In mathematical physics, he studied potential theory, boundary-value problems, heat diffusion, and hydrodynamics.

Although his surname is Lejeune Dirichlet, he is commonly referred to by his mononym Dirichlet, in particular for results named after him.
Madeleine Angélique de Neufville
Madeleine Angélique de Neufville (1 October 1707 – 24 January 1787), known as duchesse de Boufflers from 1721 and as la maréchale de Luxembourg from 1750, was a French noblewoman, courtier and salonnière.

Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people held by a host. These gatherings often consciously followed Horace's definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" (Latin: aut delectare aut prodesse). Salons in the tradition of the French literary and philosophical movements of the 17th and 18th centuries are still being conducted.
Russian-occupied territories
The Russian Federation is currently occupying territories in whole or in part within Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine. Although the status of these territories may vary in Russian law, they are all widely regarded among the international community as being under military occupation. Russia disputes the consensus on sovereignty over these territories as a result of the post-Soviet conflicts, which broke out amidst the dissolution of the Soviet Union between 1988 and 1991.

The phrase "Russian-occupied territories" is applied to:

Moldova: Transnistria (since 1992)

Georgia: Abkhazia and South Ossetia (since 2008)

Ukraine: Crimea and Sevastopol, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson (since 2014 and 2022)

Law of Russia
The primary and fundamental statement of laws in the Russian Federation is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Statutes, like the Russian Civil Code and the Russian Criminal Code, are the predominant legal source of Russian laws.
Tōtaranui
Tōtaranui is a 1 km long beach and the site of a large campsite in the Tasman Region of New Zealand administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC).

It is located in Abel Tasman National Park toward the northern end of the Abel Tasman Track and is often used as a starting or finishing point for the walk.

Tōtaranui is noted for the golden colour of its sand, more intense than other beaches in the Park, the result of a high content of orthoclase minerals in the eroded granite sands of the vicinity.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "many tōtara trees" for Tōtaranui.

Tasman District
Tasman District (Māori: Te Tai o Aorere) is a local government district in the northwest of the South Island of New Zealand. It borders the Canterbury Region, West Coast Region, Marlborough Region and Nelson City. It is administered by the Tasman District Council, a unitary authority, which sits at Richmond, with community boards serving outlying communities in Motueka and Golden Bay / Mohua. The city of Nelson has its own unitary authority separate from Tasman District, and together they comprise a single region in some contexts, but not for local government functions or resource management (planning) functions.
Huáscar (given name)
Huáscar or Huascar is a Spanish-language masculine given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Huáscar (died 1532), Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire

Huáscar Aparicio (1972–2013), Bolivian folk singer

Huáscar Barradas (born 1964), Venezuelan flautist

Huascar Brazobán (born 1989), Dominican baseball player

Huascar Ynoa (born 1998), Dominican baseball player

Huáscar Barradas
Huáscar Barradas (born 1964) is a Venezuelan flautist and Professor of flute at the "Instituto Universitario de Estudios Musicales" in Caracas. As a flutist he has represented Venezuela at a range of international festivals and as both soloist and symphonic musician plays a wide range of music types. Barradas was the principal flute of Orquesta Filarmónica Nacional. As teacher previously has worked at the National Youth Orchestra of Venezuela and taught his course "The art of performing the flute" at different Conservatories in and out of Venezuela.
NGC 4316
NGC 4316 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 70 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Wilhelm Tempel on March 17, 1882. NGC 4316 is a member of the Virgo Cluster and is classified as LINER and as a Seyfert galaxy.

The galaxy has undergone ram-pressure stripping in the past.

On February 28, 2003 a type II supernova known as SN 2003bk was discovered in NGC 4316.

Ram pressure
Ram pressure is a pressure exerted on a body moving through a fluid medium, caused by relative bulk motion of the fluid rather than random thermal motion. It causes a drag force to be exerted on the body. Ram pressure is given in tensor form as

,

where  is the density of the fluid;   is the momentum flux per second in the  direction through a surface with normal in the  direction.  are the components of the fluid velocity in these directions. The total Cauchy stress tensor  is the sum of this ram pressure and the isotropic thermal pressure (in the absence of viscosity).

In the simple case when the relative velocity is normal to the surface, and momentum is fully transferred to the object, the ram pressure becomes

.
Blast of Silence
Blast of Silence is a 1961 American neo-noir film written and directed by, and starring Allen Baron, with Molly McCarthy, Larry Tucker, and Peter H. Clune in supporting roles. Set during Christmastime, it follows a hitman who returns to his native New York City to commit a murder for hire. It was produced by Merrill Brody, who was also the cinematographer.

Terrence Rafferty
Terrence Rafferty is a film critic who wrote regularly for The New Yorker during the 1990s. His writing has also appeared in Slate, The Atlantic Monthly, The Village Voice, The Nation, and The New York Times. For a number of years he served as critic at large for GQ. He has a particular penchant for horror fiction and has reviewed collections by Richard Matheson, Joe Hill, and the Spanish author Cristina Fernández Cubas.