hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chestnut-quilled rock pigeon
The chestnut-quilled rock pigeon (Petrophassa rufipennis) is a dark sooty brown pigeon with a distinctive bright chestnut patch on its wing visible in flight. It has distinctive pale lines across its face curving above and below its eye. A species of bird in the family Columbidae, it is very similar in behaviour and habitat to the white-quilled rock pigeon but it is only found on rocky escarpments in western Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Postzygotic mutation
A postzygotic mutation (or post-zygotic mutation) is a change in an organism's genome that is acquired during its lifespan, instead of being inherited from its parent(s) through fusion of two haploid gametes. Mutations that occur after the zygote has formed can be caused by a variety of sources that fall under two classes: spontaneous mutations and induced mutations. How detrimental a mutation is to an organism is dependent on what the mutation is, where it occurred in the genome and when it occurred.

Enol
In organic chemistry, enols are a type of functional group or intermediate in organic chemistry. Formally, enols are derivatives of vinyl alcohol, with a C=C−OH connectivity.  The term enol is an abbreviation of alkenol, a portmanteau deriving from "-ene"/"alkene" and "-ol"/"alcohol".

Keto–enol tautomerism refers to a chemical equilibrium between a "keto" form (a carbonyl, named for the common ketone case) and an enol. The tautomeric interconversion involves hydrogen atom movement and the reorganisation of bonding electrons.

Many kinds of enols are known, but very few are stable compounds.  However, deprotonation of organic carbonyls gives enolate anions, which are important in organic reaction strategies as a strong nucleophile.
Elia Frosio
Elia Frosio (22 January 1913 – 4 February 2005) was a professional cyclist from Italy. He started his career in the 1930s as a road racer. After World War II, he changed to motor-paced racing and won every national championship between 1946 and 1950, as well as the world championships in 1946 and 1949.

Motor-paced racing
Motor-paced racing and motor-paced cycling refer to cycling behind a pacer in a car or more usually on a motorcycle. The cyclist (or stayer in this case) follows as close as they can to benefit from the slipstream of their pacer. The first paced races were behind other cyclists, sometimes as many as five riders on the same tandem. Bordeaux-Paris and record attempts have been ridden behind cars. More usually races or training are behind motorcycles.
Altpert
Altpert (died 790) was the Abbot of Farfa from the death of Ragambald in 786 until his own death a few years later. He was described by Gregory of Catino, writing some three centuries later, as having been born in Paris "of the Gauls" (Galliarum), presumably meaning that he was a Romance-speaking subject of the Carolingians. He increased the patronage of the abbey compared to his predecessor, but Farfa was still less successful in seeking out grants and donations than it had been under the local abbot Probatus. Altpert received a donation of lands at Rabenno from Duke Hildeprand of Spoleto, two other donations and one oblation.

Oblation
An oblation is a solemn offering, sacrifice or presentation to God, to the Church for use in God's service, or to the faithful, such as giving alms to the poor.

The word comes from the Late Latin oblatio (from offerre, oblatum 'to offer'), 'an instance of offering' and by extension 'the thing offered'.
Hoffer Creek
Hoffer Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Snyder County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 3.1 miles (5.0 km) long and flows through Chapman Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of 2.34 square miles (6.1 km2). At least part of the creek is designated as an impaired waterbody due to sedimentation/siltation from grazing-related agriculture. The creek is in the ridge and valley physiographic province, and the geology consists mostly of interbedded sedimentary rock and sandstone.

The main land use in the watershed of Hoffer Creek is agricultural land. However, forested land is also common and there is some low-intensity development. The creek's drainage basin is designated as a Warmwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. The creek has few or no riparian buffers in agricultural areas.

Snyder County, Pennsylvania
Snyder County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,736. The county seat is Middleburg. Snyder County was formed in 1855 from parts of Union County. The county is part of the Central Pennsylvania region of the state.

Snyder County comprises the Selinsgrove, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area.
Cornigliese
The Cornigliese or Corniglio is an Italian breed of domestic sheep from the Apennines of the province of Parma, in Emilia–Romagna in central Italy. It takes its name from the mountain town of Corniglio in that province; it may also be called Borgotarese after the town of Borgo Val di Taro which is about 40 km to the west.: 54  It is raised in the provinces of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena, Parma, Ravenna and Reggio Emilia.: 208

Province of Reggio Emilia
The province of Reggio Emilia (Italian: provincia di Reggio nell'Emilia; Emilian: pruvînsa ed Rèz) is a province in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. The capital city is the eponymous Reggio Emilia.

It has a population of 530,740 in an area of around 2,292 square kilometres (885 mi2) across its 42 municipalities.

The province is home to the historical Canossa Castle, property of the countess Matilde; it is where the Walk to Canossa of Henry IV occurred. Representatives of the free municipalities of Reggio, Modena, Bologna and Ferrara met in Reggio Emilia's Sala del Tricolore in 1797 to proclaim the Repubblica Cispadana, adopting the three colour green-white-red flag to represent their newly formed Republic; it was later adopted in 1848 as the national flag.
Visegrád, Hungary
Visegrád (Hungarian: [ˈviʃɛɡraːd]; German: Plintenburg; Latin: Pone Navata or Altum Castrum; Slovak: Vyšehrad) is a castle town in Pest County, Hungary. It is north of Budapest on the right bank of the Danube in the Danube Bend. It had a population of 1,864 in 2010. The town is the site of the remains of the Early Renaissance summer palace of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and a medieval citadel. The town was also the site of a meeting on 15 February 1991 between the President of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, Václav Havel, the President of the Republic of Poland, Lech Wałęsa, and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary, József Antall which founded the titular Visegrád group.

Citadel
A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of city, meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core.

In a fortification with bastions, the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the outer walls and bastions, but often forming part of the outer wall for the sake of economy. It is positioned to be the last line of defence, should the enemy breach the other components of the fortification system.
Cathorops steindachneri
Cathorops steindachneri, or Steindachner's sea catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Charles Henry Gilbert and Edwin Chapin Starks in 1904. It is a tropical, marine and freshwater-dwelling catfish which occurs between Costa Rica and Peru. It dwells at a maximum depth of 20 m (66 ft). It reaches a maximum total length of 36 cm (14 in), more commonly reaching a TL of 20 cm (7.9 in).

The fish is named in honor of Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner.

Due to insufficient statistical information on the species, the IUCN redlist lists Cathorops steindachneri as Data Deficient. It notes that pollution and coastal development pose a threat for the species. It is marketed commercially, although its small size makes it an uncommon food fish.

Edwin Chapin Starks
Edwin Chapin Starks (born in Baraboo, Wisconsin on January 25, 1867; died December 29, 1932) was an ichthyologist most associated with Stanford University. He was known as an authority on the osteology of fish. He also did studies of fish of the Puget Sound. His wife, Chloe Lesley Starks, an artist and scientific illustrator, and daughter, Dorothy Rich, a radiologist, were also both involved in science.
James Hibbard
James Hamilton Hibbard (born October 19, 1981 in Palo Alto, California) is an American road racing cyclist who competed for the Shaklee and HealthNet p/b Maxxis professional cycling Teams. He began racing at the Hellyer Park Velodrome in San Jose, California, as a junior in 1995, and competed through 2005.

After retiring from the sport, he turned to writing and his memoir, "The Art of Cycling: Philosophy, Meaning, and a Life on Two Wheels" was published in 2021.

His second book is slated to published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in North America in 2027.

2005–2008 Health Net seasons
Health Net Pro Cycling Team Presented by Maxxis (UCI identifier: HNM) was run by Momentum Sports Group and based in the United States.

Health Net won the team title in the 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 USA Cycling National Racing Calendar series competition. In 2007, Rory Sutherland captured the individual championship on the USA Cycling National Racing Calendar.

Health Net was one of nine UCI Professional Continental Teams to compete in the 2006 Tour de Georgia.  In 2005 representing Health Net, Greg Henderson won the points competition in the Tour de Georgia and the International Tour de Toona. Scott Moninger and John Lieswyn have won the International Tour de Toona for Health Net in 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Bon Voyage (1944 film)
Bon Voyage is a 1944 short French language propaganda film directed by Alfred Hitchcock for the British Ministry of Information. It was written by Angus MacPhail and J.O.C. Orton.

Although the film is short (26 minutes), it uses two radically different interpretations of the same events, a technique not unlike that used by Akira Kurosawa in Rashomon (1950), Errol Morris in The Thin Blue Line (1988), and Fernando Meirelles in Cidade de Deus (2002).

Angus MacPhail
Angus Roy MacPhail (8 April 1903 – 22 April 1962) was an English screenwriter who was active from the late 1920s onwards. He is best remembered for his work with Alfred Hitchcock and for coining the term "MacGuffin".
Weidner Memorial Senior Secondary School
Weidner Memorial Senior Secondary School' is a school in Lalbagh, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India. It was established in 1975 in memory of Monseigneur John Weidner SAC, Bishop of Raipur.  Weidner Memorial Senior Secondary School is an unaided English Medium co-educational school administrated by a Catholic Christian Minority Society, Shiksha Prachar Avum Prasar Samithi, which belongs to the Archdiocese of Raipur.

Rajnandgaon
Rajnandgaon is a city in Rajnandgaon District, in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. As of the 2011 census the population of the city was 163,122. Rajnandgaon district came into existence on 26 January 1973, as a result of the division of Durg district.
Law firms of the Netherlands
In 2019, the top 50 Dutch law firms (Dutch: advocatenkantoren) had around 4,476 attorneys (Dutch: advocaten) and the top 30 law firms had around 183 notaries (Dutch: notarissen) and 527 candidate notaries. According to the Chambers and Partners legal directory, the top five law firms in the Netherlands are  Allen & Overy Netherlands, De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek, Houthoff, Loyens & Loeff and Stibbe. Every year advocatie.nl publishes a list of the 50 biggest law firms in headcount.

Allen & Overy
Allen & Overy LLP was a British multinational law firm headquartered in London, England. The firm had 590 partners and over 5,800 employees worldwide.  In 2023 A&O reported an increase in revenue to GBP2.1 billion and was the second largest law firm headquartered in the UK by revenue. In 2024 it merged with Shearman & Sterling to form A&O Shearman.
John Foord-Kelcey
John Foord-Kelcey (2 October 1860 – 10 January 1931) was an English first-class cricketer.

Foord-Kelcey was born at Smeeth near Ashford, Kent as John Foord, with the family changing its name to Foord-Kelcey in May 1872. He was educated at Chatham House Grammar School, before going up to Pembroke College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1883, against the Gentlemen of England at Oxford and the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. Against the Gentlemen of England, he took a five wicket haul with figures of 6 for 58 and took nine wickets in the match overall. He later died at Gloucester in January 1931. His brother, William, and nephew Osbert Mordaunt both played first-class cricket.

Five-wicket haul
In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five–for" or "fifer") occurs when a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings, commonly abbreviated as 5wI. Taking five wickets is regarded as a notable achievement, equivalent to a century by a batter. In 2001, Glenn McGrath invented the tradition of a bowler raising the ball to the crowd at the completion of a five-wicket haul.

Taking a five-wicket haul at Lord's earns the bowler a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Applied Mathematics Panel
The Applied Mathematics Panel (AMP) was created at the end of 1942 as a division of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) within the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) in order to solve mathematical problems related to the military effort in World War II, particularly those of the other NDRC divisions.

The panel's headquarters were in Manhattan, and it was directed by Warren Weaver, formerly of NDRC Division 7, Fire Control.  It contracted projects out to various research groups, notably at Princeton and Columbia Universities.

In addition to work immediately relevant to the war effort, mathematicians involved with the panel also pursued problems of interest to them without contracts from outside organizations.  Most notably, Abraham Wald developed the statistical technique of sequential analysis while working for AMP.

AMP was formally disbanded in 1946.

Fire-control system
A fire-control system (FCS) is an integrated system of components that assists a gunner in executing tasks needed to achieve accurate firing by means of full or semi automation. It performs the same task as a human gunner firing a weapon, but attempts to do so faster and more accurately.
Urien Yrechwydd
Urien Yrechwydd (in English: Urien of Yrechwydd) is a late Old Welsh or Middle Welsh heroic poem found uniquely in the Book of Taliesin. It is among those poems in the manuscript thought by Ifor Williams possibly to have originated as part of a sixth-century corpus of Canu Taliesin, a series of poems really composed by the semi-legendary sixth-century court poet of Rheged, Taliesin.

Old Welsh
Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg) is the stage of the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh. The preceding period, from the time Welsh became distinct from Common Brittonic around 550, has been called "Primitive" or "Archaic Welsh".
The Vicar of Wrexhill
The Vicar of Wrexhill is an 1837 novel by the British writer Frances Milton Trollope, originally published in three volumes. The High Church Anglican Trollope was heavily critical of the Evangelical movement. It has been described as a "scurrilous" critique of Low church Evangelical Anglicanism, often referred to in the novel as Calvinist Doctrine. It is Frances Milton Trollope's best remembered novel, with the protagonist resembling Mr Slope in her son Anthony Trollope's Barchester Towers.

Three-volume novel
The three-volume novel (sometimes three-decker or triple decker) was a standard form of publishing for British fiction during the nineteenth century. It was a significant stage in the development of the modern novel as a form of popular literature in Western culture.
Kusch
Kusch is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Kusch (born 1959), American historian

Garret Kusch (born 1973), Canadian soccer player

Martin Kusch (born 1959), German philosopher

Polykarp Kusch (1911–1993), German-American physicist

Uli Kusch (born 1967), German drummer

Walter Kusch (born 1954), German swimmer

Martin Kusch
Martin Paul Heinrich Kusch (born 19 October 1959) is Professor of philosophy at the University of Vienna. Until 2009, Kusch was Professor of Philosophy and Sociology of science at the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge University. Prior to Cambridge, Kusch was lecturer in the Science Studies Unit of the University of Edinburgh.
Compellent Technologies
Compellent Technologies, Inc., was an American manufacturer of enterprise computer data storage systems that provided block-level storage resources to small and medium sized IT infrastructures. The company was founded in 2002 and headquartered in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Compellent's flagship product, Storage Center, is a storage area network (SAN) system that combines a standards-based hardware platform and a suite of virtualized storage management applications, including automated tiered storage through a proprietary process called "DataProgression", thin provisioning and replication. The company developed software and products aimed at mid-size enterprises and sold through a channel network of independent providers and resellers. Dell acquired the company in February 2011, after which it was briefly a subsidiary known as Dell Compellent.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.
Slave marriages in the United States
Slave marriages in the United States were typically illegal before the American Civil War abolished slavery in the US. Enslaved African Americans were legally considered chattel, and they were denied civil and political rights until the United States abolished slavery with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Both state and federal laws denied, or rarely defined, rights for enslaved people.

Eugene Genovese
Eugene Dominic Genovese (May 19, 1930 – September 26, 2012) was an American historian of the American South and American slavery. He was noted for bringing a Marxist perspective to the study of power, class and relations between planters and slaves in the South. His book Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made won the Bancroft Prize. He later abandoned the left and Marxism and embraced traditionalist conservatism. He wrote during the Cold War and his political beliefs were viewed by some as highly controversial at the time.
Lee Young-ae
Lee Young-ae (Korean: 이영애; born January 31, 1971) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her appearances in the historical drama Jewel in the Palace (2003), in Hur Jin-ho's film One Fine Spring Day (2001), in Park Chan Wook's films Joint Security Area (2000) and Lady Vengeance (2005). For her performance in the latter, she received Best Actress awards at the 38th Sitges Film Festival, 26th Blue Dragon Film Awards and 42nd Baeksang Arts Awards.

Gucci
Gucci officially Guccio Gucci S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house based in Florence, Tuscany. Its product lines include handbags, ready-to-wear, footwear, accessories, and home decoration; and it licenses its name and branding to Coty for fragrance and cosmetics under the name Gucci Beauty.

Gucci was founded in 1921 by Guccio Gucci (1881–1953) in Florence. Under the direction of Aldo Gucci (son of Guccio), Gucci became a global brand, and was considered emblematic of the Italian economic miracle. Following family feuds during the 1980s, the Gucci family was entirely ousted from the capital of the company by 1993. After this crisis, the brand was revived and in 1999 Gucci became a subsidiary of the French conglomerate PPR, which later renamed itself to Kering.

In 2024, Gucci operated 529 stores with 20,032 employees, and generated €7.65 billion in sales. Stefano Cantino has been CEO of Gucci since October 2024 and Demna creative director since March 2025.
Stomopteryx quadripunctella
Stomopteryx quadripunctella is a species of moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by entemologist Pierre Chrétien in 1915. It is found in Algeria.

This species is found in Algeria. It is a Neopterygian insect characterized by wing structures and antennae found in the Gelechiodea family.

Pierre Chrétien
Pierre Chrétien (1846 – 15 June 1934, in Nay, Pyrénées-Atlantiques) was a French entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was a member of Société entomologique de France. Trifurcula chretieni Z. & A. Lastuvka & van Nieukerken, 2013 is "named in honour of Pierre Chrétien (1846–1934), who discovered nepticulid mines on Bupleurum, including those on Bupleurum rigidum, and the first author to describe a number of Mediterranean species that are now placed in Trifurcula (Glaucolepis)." His collection is held by National Museum of Natural History in Paris.
Agnihotri
Agnihotri is an Indian Hindu Brahmin surname derived from the Sanskrit word Agnihotra. The term Agnihotri originally referred to the Hindu Brahmins who maintained the sacred fire during the fire rituals.

People with this surname include:

Atul Agnihotri (born 1970), Bollywood actor

Apurva Agnihotri, Indian actor

Bharat Agnihotri (born 1953), member of the Alberta Liberal Party.

Mezhathol Agnihothri (born 4th century AD), Shrauta High Priest who revived the ancient traditions of Yaagam in Bharatam

Rati Agnihotri (born 1960), veteran Indian actress

Shiv Narayan Agnihotri (born 1850), founder of the Deva Samaj

Shilpa Saklani Agnihotri (born 1962), television actress

Satish K. Agnihotri (born 1956), Madras high court judge

Sunil Agnihotri (born 1982), Writer and hockey analyst for CBC Edmonton.

Vivek Agnihotri, Indian Bollywood director

Pratik Agnihotri (born 1998), Indian Musician,singer,composer

Śrauta
Śrauta (Sanskrit: श्रौत) is a Sanskrit word that means "belonging to śruti", that is, anything based on the Vedas of Hinduism. It is an adjective and prefix for texts, ceremonies or person associated with śruti. The term, for example, refers to Brahmins who specialise in the śruti corpus of texts, and Śrauta Brahmin traditions in modern times can be seen in Kerala and Coastal Andhra.