hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ratification Day
Ratification Day is the name of a number of official or unofficial holidays or other anniversaries which commemorate or mark an important legislative act. A ratification day may celebrate the proclamation of independence of a state, the end of a war, or the ratification of an important treaty. In the United States, it often refers to the day a particular state ratified the United States Constitution.

Holiday
A holiday is a day or other period of time set aside for festivals or recreation. Public holidays are set by public authorities and vary by state or region. Religious holidays are set by religious organisations for their members and are often also observed as public holidays in religious majority countries. Some religious holidays, such as Christmas, have become secularised by part or all of those who observe them. In addition to secularisation, many holidays have become commercialised due to the growth of industry.

Holidays can be thematic, celebrating or commemorating particular groups, events, or ideas, or non-thematic, days of rest that do not have any particular meaning. In Commonwealth English, the term can refer to any period of rest from work, such as vacations or school holidays. In American English, "the holidays" typically refers to the period from Thanksgiving to New Year's (late November to January 1), which contains many important holidays in American culture.
Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook
Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook is a 2017 book written by American historian Mark Bray and published by Melville House Publishing, which explores the history of anti-fascist movements since the 1920s and 1930s and their contemporary resurgence.

Melville House Publishing
Melville House Publishing is an American independent publisher of literary fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. The company was founded in 2001 and is run by the husband-and-wife team of Dennis Loy Johnson and Valerie Merians in Hoboken, New Jersey. The company is named after the author Herman Melville. It has a reputation as an "activist press" and publisher of left-leaning books.
Angel (perfume)
Angel is a 1992 perfume from Thierry Mugler and the first modern gourmand perfume, with notes of patchouli, praline, red berries, and vanilla. The perfumiers were Olivier Cresp and Yves de Chirin. The design of its bottle is an irregular shaped star.

Angel, along with the company's companion scent Alien, accounts for $280 million in annual sales. The perfume continued to be produced after Mugler's luxury monobrand women's line folded. As of 2011, the fragrance was the fifth best-selling perfume of all time in the United States, according to The NPD Group. It once surpassed Chanel's No. 5 fragrance as the best-selling perfume in France, and remains one of the best-selling perfumes in Europe.

Olivier Cresp
Olivier Cresp (born 1955) is a French perfumer.

Olivier Cresp was born in Grasse, France in 1955. His sister is fellow perfumer Françoise Caron. His father and grandfather both traded in the raw materials used in making perfume.

Cresp has been a perfumer since 1975. He started working for Firmenich in 1992, and became a Master Perfumer in 2006.

He lives in Paris, and his son Sebastien is also a perfumer.
Electric Light and Power Supply Corporation
Electric Light and Power Supply Corporation Limited was a  listed company that generated and distributed electrical power to suburbs within the Inner West of Sydney, New South Wales Australia, from 1909 to 1956. It owned and operated the Balmain Power Station. It was nationalised in 1956, by the New South Wales Government, and its assets and operations became a part of the Electricity Commission of New South Wales, on 1 January 1957.

White Bay Power Station
The White Bay Power Station is a heritage listed former coal-fired power station on a 38,000 m2 (410,000 sq ft) site in White Bay, in the suburb of Rozelle, 3 km (2 mi) from Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.

The remains of the plant can be clearly seen at the western end of the Anzac Bridge on the junction of Victoria Road and Roberts Street. The station was inactive for a number of years. However the plant reopened for the 2024 Sydney Biennale art exhibition. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

The station is often wrongly referred to as the Balmain Power Station, a plant originally located in Iron Cove, which has since been demolished.
Ferdinando Castagnoli
Ferdinando Castagnoli (June 18, 1917, in Prato – July 28, 1988, in Marina di Pietrasanta) was a Roman topographer who taught at the University of Rome.

Among Castagnoli's fieldwork accomplishments was the amazing discovery of the Latin sanctuary at Lavinium (modern Pratica di Mare) and its series of 13 altars, a find that was revealed to the world in 1959.  Also at the site is the so-called heroon of Aeneas.

Castagnoli was a student of Giuseppe Lugli.  Among his students was Adriano La Regina, a former archaeological superintendent of Rome.

He was a member of Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.

Accademia dei Lincei
The Accademia dei Lincei, anglicised as the Lincean Academy, was an Italian accademia active from 1603 to 1651. It was established in Rome in 1603 by Federico Cesi, and was named after the lynx, an animal whose sharp vision symbolizes the acuity that science requires. Galileo Galilei was the intellectual centre of the academy and adopted "Galileo Galilei Linceo" as his signature. Cesi died in 1630, and the academy was dissolved in or before 1651.

During the nineteenth century, it was revived, first in the Papal States and later in the nation of Italy. Thus the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, established in 1936, claims this heritage as the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ("Pontifical Academy of the New Lynx-Eyed"), founded in 1847, descending from the first two incarnations of the Academy. Similarly, a lynx-eyed academy of the 1870s became the national academy of Italy, encompassing both literature and science among its concerns.
Patrick Hasburgh
Patrick Hasburgh is an American television producer and writer.

He is best known for his work on the television series Hardcastle and McCormick and 21 Jump Street, two series he co-created with Stephen J. Cannell. His other television credits include The Greatest American Hero, The A-Team, SeaQuest 2032 and L.A. Firefighters.

Between the late 1980s and the early 1990s, he had his own film and television production company, Patrick Hasburgh Productions, who developed pilots for Fox Broadcasting Company, the American Broadcasting Company, and Walt Disney Television.

In 1993, he wrote and directed the feature film Aspen Extreme.

In 2004, Thomas Dunne Books  published his first novel (mystery), Aspen Pulp.

In 2018, HarperCollins published Patrick Hasburgh's second novel, PIRATA (ISBN 978-0062742773).

The Greatest American Hero
The Greatest American Hero is an American comedy-drama superhero television series that aired on ABC. Created by producer Stephen J. Cannell, it premiered as a two-hour pilot movie on March 18, 1981, and ran until February 2, 1983. The series features William Katt as teacher Ralph Hinkley, Robert Culp as FBI agent Bill Maxwell, and Connie Sellecca as lawyer Pam Davidson. The lead character's surname was temporarily changed to "Hanley" for a few months immediately after President Ronald Reagan and three others were shot and wounded by John Hinckley Jr. on March 30, 1981.

The series chronicles Ralph's adventures after a group of aliens gives him a red and black suit that grants him superhuman abilities. Unfortunately for Ralph, he loses the instruction book and must learn how to use the suit's powers by trial and error, often with comical results.

The theme song, sung by Joey Scarbury, was a hit when released as a single.
Llamachayuq
Llamachayuq (Quechua llama llama, -cha, -yuq suffixes, "with a little llama (or llamas)", also spelled Llamachayoq) is an archaeological complex with petroglyphs in Peru. It is located in the Apurímac Region, Andahuaylas Province, San Jerónimo District. The site with images of llamas, vicuñas, felines, people and the sun lies near Lliwpa Pukyu (Lliupapuquio) at a height of 3,449 metres (11,316 ft).

Department of Apurímac
Apurímac (Spanish pronunciation: [apuˈɾimak])  is a department of Peru. Located in the southern-central part of the country, it is bordered on the east by Cuzco, on the west by Ayacucho, and on the south by the Arequipa and Ayacucho. It is administered by a regional government and its capital city is Abancay.
Warren D. Chamberlain
Warren Douglas Chamberlain (February 2, 1927 – October 4, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Washington Township, Marion County, Iowa, Chamberlain served in the United States Navy during World War II. He then went to Marquette University, Northern State University, and received his law degree from William Mitchell College of Law. Chamberlain practiced law in Faribault, Minnesota and served as city attorney and municipal court judge. From 1967 to 1973, Chamberlain served in the Minnesota House of Representatives. He died at his home in Fairbault, Minnesota.

Faribault, Minnesota
Faribault (/ˈfɛərboʊ/ FAIR-boh) is a city in and the county seat of Rice County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 24,453 at the 2020 census. Faribault is about 50 miles (80 km) south of Minneapolis–Saint Paul.

Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highways 3, 21, and 60 are the principal highways serving the city. Faribault is at the confluence of the Cannon and Straight Rivers. It is  home to the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf and the Minnesota State Academy for the Blind.
Louise Arner Boyd
Louise Arner Boyd (September 16, 1887 – September 14, 1972) was an American explorer of Greenland and the Arctic, who wrote extensively of her scientific expeditions. She became the first woman to fly over the North Pole in 1955, after privately chartering a DC-4 and crew that included aviation pioneers Thor Solberg and Paul Mlinar.

During World War II, Boyd led a scientific expedition to obtain data on radio-wave transmission in the Arctic regions and worked on secret assignments for the U.S. Department of the Army.

Louise Boyd Land, a mountainous area north of Scoresby Sund, was named in her honour.

Douglas DC-4
The Douglas DC-4 is an American four-engined (piston), propeller-driven airliner developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Military versions of the plane, the C-54 and R5D, served during World War II, in the Berlin Airlift and into the 1960s. From 1945, many civil airlines operated the DC-4 worldwide.
Landscape with Windmill and Rainbow (J. M. W. Turner)
Landscape with Windmill and Rainbow is a painting attributed to J. M. W. Turner, painted c. 1795–1800. It has the dimensions of 70.5 by 90.2 cm. It is believed to have been created at least partially in a painting by Thomas Gainsborough. It is held at the Tate Gallery, in London.

Thomas Gainsborough
Thomas Gainsborough RA FRSA (/ˈɡeɪnzbərə/; 14 May 1727 (baptised) – 2 August 1788) was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. Along with his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds, he is considered one of the most important British artists of the second half of the 18th century. He painted quickly, and the works of his maturity are characterised by a light palette and easy strokes. Despite being a prolific portrait painter, Gainsborough gained greater satisfaction from his landscapes. He is credited (with Richard Wilson) as the originator of the 18th-century British landscape school. Gainsborough was a founding member of the Royal Academy.
Horatio T. Taylor
Horatio Theodore Taylor (June 13, 1827 – April 27, 1905) was an American merchant, salesman, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was an early settler at Racine, Wisconsin, and represented the city in the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1863 session.  He also served as sheriff of Racine County, and was an early employee of the J. I. Case Company.

16th Wisconsin Legislature
The Sixteenth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 14, 1863, to April 2, 1863, in regular session.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 4, 1862. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 5, 1861.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Edward Salomon, of Manitowoc County, serving the second year of a two-year term, having won the 1861 lieutenant gubernatorial election, then having ascended to the gubernatorial office following the death of governor Louis P. Harvey in April 1862.
Tax credits in the Republic of Ireland
In Ireland, tax credits reduce the amount of Irish income tax that a taxpayer pays in a given year. A few tax credits are granted automatically, while others can be claimed, either by simple notification to Revenue, or by completing a form.

All tax credits are expressed as an annual amount. All are non-refundable. These figures are applicable from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Tax credit
A tax credit is a tax incentive which allows certain taxpayers to subtract the amount of the credit they have accrued from the total they owe the state. It may also be a credit granted in recognition of taxes already paid or a form of state "discount" applied in certain cases. Another way to think of a tax credit is as a rebate.
Brown-cheeked fulvetta
The brown-cheeked fulvetta (Alcippe poioicephala) is a babbler-like bird belonging to the family Leiothrichidae found in the forests of South and Southeast Asia. It was formerly called the quaker babbler in India and common nun babbler in Malaya. They forage on trees for insects, sometimes hanging from the branches in a tit-like manner, and visiting flowers for nectar. They are often hard to see in vegetation but they have loud multi-note whistling calls in the morning and afternoon.

Laughingthrush
The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 143 species and is divided into 17 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.  The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.
Taiwanese opera
Taiwanese opera (Chinese: 歌仔戲; pinyin: gēzǎixì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koa-á-hì; lit. 'Song Drama'), commonly known as Ke-Tse opera or Hokkien opera, is a form of traditional drama originating in Taiwan. Taiwanese opera uses a stylised combination of both the literary and colloquial registers of Taiwanese Hokkien. Its earliest form adopted elements of folk songs from Zhangzhou, Fujian, China. The plots are traditionally drawn from folk tales of the southern Fujian region and Chinese historical legends stories, though in recent years stories are increasingly set in Taiwan itself. Taiwanese opera was later exported to other Hokkien-speaking areas, such as Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Fujian, China.

Taiwanese opera is considered as the embodiment of Taiwanese history and tradition because the political identity crisis of Taiwan shaped its development.

Minnan region
Minnan, Banlam, or Minnan Golden Triangle (simplified Chinese: 闽南金三角; traditional Chinese: 閩南金三角; pinyin: Mǐnnán jīnsānjiǎo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm kim-saⁿ-kak; lit. 'South Fujian Golden Triangle'), refers to the coastal region in South Fujian Province, China, which includes the prefecture-level cities of Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. The region accounts for 40 percent of the GDP of Fujian Province. It is the native homeland of the Hokkien people who speak the Hokkien language or Minnan language, a variety of Southern Min.

Other terms used in the Minnan region include the one sinologist G. William Skinner used, which was the term Zhang-Quan (simplified Chinese: 漳泉分区; traditional Chinese: 漳泉分區; pinyin: Zhāng quán fēnqū; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiuⁿ chôaⁿ pun-khu) to describe the region in his guide to the physiographic macroregions of China.
Kafr Thulth
Kafr Thulth (Arabic: كفر ثلث) is a Palestinian town located on high, flat land south of Azzoun, 28 kilometers (17 mi) south of Tulkarm in the Qalqilya Governorate. The average elevation is 270 meters (890 ft) above sea level. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town's population was 5,606 in the 2017 census.

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS; Arabic: الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء الفلسطيني, romanized: al-Jihāz al-Markazī lil-Iḥṣāʼ al-Filasṭīnī) is the official statistical institution of Palestine. Its main task is to provide credible statistical figures at the national and international levels. It is a state institution that provides service to the governmental, non – governmental and private sectors in addition to research institutions and universities. It is established as an independent statistical bureau. The PCBS publishes the Statistical Yearbook of Palestine and the Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook annually.

The head office of the agency is in Ein Munjed Quarter, Ramallah.
Erebia youngi
The four-dotted alpine (Erebia youngi) is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the north of North America from Alaska, western Yukon, and east in the Northwest Territories as far as Fort McPherson and Tuktoyuktuk.

The wingspan is 35–44 mm. Adults are on the wing from mid-June to late July.

Tuktoyaktuk
Tuktoyaktuk (/ˌtʌktəˈjæktʌk/ TUK-tə-YAK-tuk; Inuvialuktun: Tuktuyaaqtuuq [təktujaːqtuːq], lit. 'it looks like a caribou') is an Inuvialuit hamlet near the Mackenzie River delta in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, at the northern terminus of the Inuvik–Tuktoyaktuk Highway. One of six Inuvialuit communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, it is commonly known by its first syllable, Tuk (/tʌk/). It lies north of the Arctic Circle on the Arctic Ocean, and is the only place on the Arctic Ocean connected to the rest of Canada by road. Known as Port Brabant after British colonization, in 1950 it became Canada's first Indigenous settlement to reclaim its traditional name.
Best of UGK
Best of UGK is the second compilation album by American Southern hip-hop duo UGK. It was released on June 17, 2003, via Jive Records. Production was handled by Bernie Bismark, Shetoro Henderson, N.O. Joe, DJ DMD, Sergio, and Pimp C. It featured guest appearance from Devin the Dude.

N.O. Joe
Joseph Johnson (born March 31, 1975), known by his stage name N.O. Joe, is an American musician, hip hop record producer and songwriter. N.O. Joe was a pioneer of the Southern Hip Hop sound during the 1990s. He operates a production company named Gumbo Funk, which is also a name given to his melange of musical styles
1942 Wairarapa earthquakes
Two 1942 Wairarapa earthquakes shook the lower North Island of New Zealand on 24 June and 2 August. They were large and shallow with epicentres close together east of Masterton in the Wairarapa region. The June earthquake was sometimes referred to as the Masterton earthquake but both caused damage over a wide area, from Dannevirke and Eketāhuna over to Whanganui and down to Ōtaki and Wellington. There was one death in Wellington, on 24 June.

The August earthquake can be regarded as an aftershock of the June earthquake. Both earthquakes were preceded by smaller foreshocks. As the second quake was slightly less in magnitude than the first, they were not an earthquake doublet where the second quake is slightly larger. The August earthquake was considerably deeper (40 km, not 12 km), though another source gives the depths as 43 km and 15 km. There was another large aftershock on 2 December and one in February 1943.

Dannevirke
Dannevirke (lit. "work of the Danes", a reference to Danevirke; Māori: Taniwaka or Tāmaki-nui-a-Rua, the area where the town is) is a rural service town in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of the North Island, New Zealand.  It is the main centre of the Tararua District.

The surrounding area, a catchment and source of the Manawatū River (approximately 20 Min drive north of town) has developed into dairy, beef cattle and sheep farming, which now provides the major income for the town's population of 5,640.
Forney Ridge Trail
The Forney Ridge Trail is an American hiking trail, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park of Swain County, North Carolina. The trail descends from just beneath the highest summit in the national park, Kuwohi, along Forney Ridge and passes through Andrews Bald, at an elevation of 5,920 feet, before terminating at a junction with the Springhouse Branch Trail.

Swain County, North Carolina
Swain County is a county located on the far western border of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,117. Its county seat is Bryson City.

Four rivers flow through the mountainous terrain of Swain County: the Nantahala River, Oconaluftee River, Tuckaseegee River, and the Little Tennessee River. Their valleys have been occupied for thousands of years by various societies of Indigenous peoples, including the South Appalachian Mississippian culture era, and the Cherokee people. Native Americans, mostly members of the federally recognized Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, comprise 29% of the population in Swain County.
Bahrain Writers Association
The Bahrain Writers Association (Arabic: أسرة الأدباء والكتاب في البحرين) is a Bahraini professional association for writers. It was established in 1969 and is headquartered in the Zinj neighborhood of Manama. Committed to social mobility, their motto is “Words for Humanity.” The organization is an associate member of the Arab Writers Union and the Afro-Asian Writers Association. The Bahrain Writers Association seeks the following:

To stimulate quality production in literature, culture, and general thought, to encourage literary and intellectual research and interest in Arab history at the local and national levels, and to move literature in a direction that serves society and develops social awareness, in addition to sponsoring the intellectual movement and working toward its prosperity.

Arab Writers Union
The Arab Writers Union (ar.: اتحاد الكتاب العرب) is an association of Arab writers, founded in 1969, in Damascus, Syria, at the initiative of a group of Arab writers including Syrian novelist Hanna Mina. In 2008, the union was moved from Damascus to Cairo and in 2015 to Abu Dhabi. Its current president is Muhammad Al-Hourani.

In 2010, the Union published a list of the "100 Best Arabic novels," although the list in fact contained 105 entries. It ranked Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz's Cairo Trilogy as the best Arabic-language novel, followed by In Search of Walid Masoud by Syrian author Jabra Ibrahim Jabra in second place and Honor by Egyptian Sonallah Ibrahim in third.