hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Suwaydah, Masyaf
As-Suwayda (Arabic: السويدة, also spelled Soweideh or Sweideh or Swaida) is a Syrian village located in the Masyaf Subdistrict in Masyaf District, located west of Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), As-Suwayda had a population of 2,703 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Masyaf Subdistrict
Masyaf Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز مصياف)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Masyaf District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Masyaf Subdistrict had a population of 68,184 in the 2004 census. As of July 2023, the population was estimated to be 67,185.
2014–15 Isthmian League
The 2014–15 season was the 100th season of the Isthmian League, which is an English football competition featuring semi-professional and amateur clubs from London, East and South East England.

Following the resignation of Vauxhall Motors from the Conference North, and the liquidation of Southern League Premier Division club Hinckley United, Redhill and Wroxham were reprieved from relegation in Division One South and Division One North respectively.

There was subsequently a further reprieve as Worksop Town resigned from the Northern Premier League. Wingate & Finchley had initially been relegated to Isthmian League Division One North, but were readmitted to the Premier Division. Knock-on effects included Ware moving back to Division One North after first being placed in the Southern League, and Hayes & Yeading United moving to the Southern Premier after initially being placed in the Isthmian Premier.

Wingate & Finchley F.C.
Wingate & Finchley Football Club is an English football club based in Finchley in the London Borough of Barnet. The club are currently members of the Isthmian League Premier Division and play at The Maurice Rebak Stadium in North London.
Pedro de Alcántara Téllez-Girón, 11th Duke of Osuna
Pedro de Alcántara Téllez-Girón y Beaufort Spontin, 11th Duke of Osuna, GE (10 September 1810 – 29 September 1844), was a Spanish peer, head of the House of Osuna.  He was one of the most important peers of his time, and was thirteen times a duke, twelve a marquess, thirteen a count and once a viscount.

Marquess
A marquess (UK: /ˈmɑːrkwɪs/; French: marquis [maʁki]) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave) and the Italian-language equivalent Marchese. A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness (/ˈmɑːrʃənɛs/) or marquise (French: [maʁkiz] ⓘ). These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
Bimala Tamang
Bimala Tamang (Nepali: विमला तामाङ; born 9 June 1995) is a (Nepalese) Nepali female karateka who recently won bronze for the Women's Individual Kata (in Karate) at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea. This was Nepal's first and only medal tallied at the 2014 Games.

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
Xiagang station
Xiagang station (Chinese: 夏港站; pinyin: Xiàgǎng Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Hahgóng Jaahm) is a metro station on Line 5 of the Guangzhou Metro in Guangzhou, China. It is located underground on the south side of the fork of Kaifa Avenue (开发大道) and Mingzhu Road (明珠路) in the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone in Huangpu District. It opened on 28 December 2023, with the opening of the eastern extension of the line.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Shekhawati language
Shekhawati is an Indo-Aryan language of north-eastern Rajasthan, India. It belongs to the Rajasthani languages group and is spoken by an estimated three million people in the Shekhawati region, which comprises the  Jhunjhunu, Neem-Ka-Thana and Sikar districts according to Census 1931 provided by Government of India.

A descriptive grammar of Shekhawati was published in 2001. The word order of the language is typically SOV, and the phonology is characterised by the presence of implosive consonants and a distinct high tone.

Linguistic description
In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or how it was used in the past) by a speech community.

All academic research in linguistics is descriptive; like all other scientific disciplines, it aims to describe reality, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be. Modern descriptive linguistics is based on a structural approach to language, as exemplified in the work of Leonard Bloomfield and others. This type of linguistics utilizes different methods in order to describe a language such as basic data collection, and different types of elicitation methods.
Cuphea
Cuphea /ˈkjuːfiːə/ is a genus containing about 260 species of annual and perennial flowering plants native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The species range from low-growing herbaceous plants to semi-woody shrubs up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall. Commonly they are known as cupheas, or, in the case of some species, as cigar plants. The generic name is derived from the Greek word κυφος (kyphos), meaning "bent," "curved," or "humped."

Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal
Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal (27 November 1794, Xanten – 12 October 1866, Halle) was a German botanist. The standard author abbreviation Schltdl. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Austropotamobius bihariensis
Austropotamobius bihariensis is a species of crayfish in the family Astacidae. It is known to exist only in Romania, being restricted to the rivers in the western Apuseni Mountains. Its proposed English common name is idle crayfish. It is supposed to have diverged/split ~15 Ma old from a common relative of A. torrentium from the Dinarides and evolved isolated due to the historically tectonic north-eastern movement of Tisza-Dacia mega-unit (including the Apuseni Mountains) through the Pannonian Basin, during the Miocene. The molecular divergence in 582 base length nucleotides of COI mtDNA sequences is supported by 43 mutational steps, a differentiation of 7.4% from the sister clade of A. torrentium located in north-western Dinarides

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Rancho Estates, Long Beach, California
Rancho Estates, also known as Lakewood Rancho Estates, in Long Beach, California, is a neighborhood of homes built between 1953 and 1954. Designed by architects Cliff May and Chris Choate, it was the largest tract designed by May, who became well known for his California ranch style houses. The neighborhood of three- and four-bedroom houses was built by developer Ross Cortese, who also developed nearby Rossmoor and Leisure World. There are 700 homes in the neighborhood.

Leisure World, Seal Beach, California
Leisure World Seal Beach is an active-seniors’ retirement community opened in 1962 that introduced many innovations characterizing later senior property developments. When built, it was the nation's first mass-marketed housing project, first gated senior community, first all-electric community, and the first to have a health insurance plan and access to an on-site medical center included in its residents’ monthly payments. At its opening, it was the world's largest housing development for seniors, the United States’ largest cooperative housing development, and the prototype for six other Leisure World communities across the United States built by the Rossmoor Corp, co-founded by developers Ross W. Cortese and his wife, Alona Marlowe Cortese.  It is located in Seal Beach, which fronts the Pacific Ocean in Orange County, California. Leisure World houses approximately 9,600 residents in 6,608 one- and two-bedroom apartments and condominiums.
Philip Josephs
Philip Josephs (25 November 1876 – 26 April 1946) was a Jewish anarchist, anti-militarist, radical bookseller and tailor active in the New Zealand labour movement. He was a member of the Wellington branch of the New Zealand Socialist Party, ran their economics class and contributed to their paper, the "Commonweal". He helped revive the Anti-Militarist League in Wellington in 1912, and was elected secretary. On 9 July 1913 he helped launch New Zealand's first anarchist collective, Freedom Group, which lasted for a year. He was arrested during a police raid for possessing banned literature in 1915.

New Zealand Socialist Party
The New Zealand Socialist Party was founded in 1901, promoting the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.  The group, despite being relatively moderate when compared with many other socialists, met with little tangible success, but it nevertheless had considerable impact on the development of New Zealand socialism. It later merged in 1913 with a faction of the United Labour Party to form the Social Democratic Party.
Vietnam women's national under-21 volleyball team
Vietnam women's national under-21 volleyball team (Vietnamese: Đội tuyển bóng chuyền nữ U21 quốc gia Việt Nam) represents Vietnam in women's under-21 and 20 level in international volleyball competitions. It is controlled and managed by the Volleyball Federation of Vietnam (VFF) that is a member of Asian volleyball body Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

Volleyball Federation of Vietnam
The Volleyball Federation of Vietnam (VFV; Vietnamese: Liên đoàn Bóng chuyền Việt Nam) is the national governing body for volleyball in Vietnam. It was founded in 1961, and has been a member of FIVB since 1991. It is also a member of the Asian Volleyball Confederation. The VFV is responsible for organizing the Vietnam men's national volleyball team and Vietnam women's national volleyball team.
Adisa
Adisa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abdulkareem Adisa (died 2005), Nigerian general

Alao Fatai Adisa (born 1986), Nigerian footballer

Lawrence Adisa (born 1968), American actor, producer and writer

Opal Palmer Adisa (born 1954), Jamaican-born American poet and academic

Tunde Adisa, Nigerian para table tennis player

Abdulkareem Adisa
Abdulkareem Adisa (Yoruba pronunciationⓘ; August 22, 1948 – February 25, 2005) was a Nigerian major general who was military governor of Oyo State (August 1990 – January 1992) during the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida.
He was convicted for involvement in an attempted coup against military head of state General Sani Abacha in 1997, and was on death row when Abacha died in June 1998. He was subsequently pardoned.
Ferdi Schüth
Ferdi Schüth (Ferdi Schueth) is a German chemist.

He was born 8 July 1960 in Allagen/Warstein.

He studied chemistry at the University of Münster from 1978 till 1984 and law from 1983 till 1988. After finishing his Ph.D. thesis on inorganic chemistry at the University of Münster in 1988 he did a postdoctoral studies in the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. He did his habilitation in 1995 at the University of Mainz. After being professor for inorganic chemistry at the University of Frankfurt am Main from 1995 till 1998 he became director at the Max Planck Institute für Kohlenforschung Mülheim/Ruhr.

In 2003, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 
which is the highest honour awarded in German research.

In July 2007, he was elected vice-president of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation).

German Research Foundation
The German Research Foundation (German: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈfɔʁʃʊŋsɡəˌmaɪnʃaft]; abbr. DFG [ˌdeːʔɛfˈɡeː]) is a German research funding organization, which functions as a self-governing institution for the promotion of science and research in the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2019, the DFG had a funding budget of €3.3 billion.
Bryson Stott
Bryson Jeremy Stott (born October 6, 1997) is an American professional baseball second baseman for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball at UNLV, and was selected by the Phillies in the first round of the 2019 Major League Baseball draft. He made his MLB debut in 2022.

UNLV Rebels baseball
The UNLV Rebels baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. UNLV's first baseball team was fielded on February 25, 1967. The team plays its home games at Earl Wilson Stadium in Paradise, Nevada. The Rebels are coached by Stan Stolte.
Laëtitia Eïdo
Laëtitia Eïdo (born October 25, 1985) is a French actress. Born to a French father and a Lebanese mother, she is best known as Dr. Shirin El Abed, one of the leading roles in the Israeli Netflix series Fauda, and as the voice of Mira in the Adult Swim adult animated television series Primal.

She is also known for her roles in the American HBO Cinemax Strike Back series, A Borrowed Identity by Eran Riklis and the Israeli production Tel Aviv on Fire. Laëtitia was awarded the Best Actress Award at Montreal's Festival Vues du Monde' at Fespaco and at the Agadir Festival for her title role of the historical character Fatma N'Soumer in the French-Algerian feature film Fadhma N'Soumer.

Her multicultural background has led to her being cast as various nationalities and playing roles in several languages.  Eido has worked on both French, American, and other international productions.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Engine House No. 11 (Tacoma, Washington)
The Engine House No. 11 in Tacoma, Washington, also known as Fire Station No. 11, at 3802 McKinley Ave., was built in 1909.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

It has a flared gable roof.

In 1985, it was still an active fire station.

Gable roof
A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge. The most common roof shape in cold or temperate climates, it is constructed of rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of a gable roof can vary greatly.
Alan Lagimodiere
Alan Dean Lagimodiere is a Canadian provincial politician who served as the representative for the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for Selkirk. Prior to his run for the Manitoba Legislature he was a hotelier and veterinarian. Soon after his election to a second term he was named the Minister of Indigenous Reconciliation and Northern Relations, though upon his appointment he was criticized for his vocal defense of the Canadian residential school system.

Hotel manager
A hotel manager, hotelier, or lodging manager is a person who manages the operation of a hotel, motel, resort, or other lodging-related establishment. Management of a hotel operation includes, but is not limited to: management of hotel staff, business management, upkeep and sanitary standards of hotel facilities, guest satisfaction and customer service, marketing management, sales management, revenue management, financial accounting, purchasing, and other functions. The title "hotel manager" or "hotelier" often refers to the hotel's general manager who serves as a hotel's head executive, though their duties and responsibilities vary depending on the hotel's size, purpose, and expectations from ownership. The hotel's general manager is often supported by subordinate department managers that are responsible for individual departments and key functions of the hotel operations.
Temptation (The Tea Party song)
"Temptation" is a song by Canadian rock band The Tea Party from the album Transmission. It was released as a single in Australia and a promotional single in Canada and the United States. The music video was shot in Toronto.

"Temptation" is a standard three-piece rock song with keyboard accompaniment and an introduction composed of tar (lute) and a sped-up sample of Led Zeppelin's "When the Levee Breaks".

The song ranked #5 on CILQ-FM's Top 107 songs of 1997.

CILQ-FM
CILQ-FM (107.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, known as Q107. The station broadcasts a mainstream rock format and is owned by Corus Entertainment. CILQ's studios are in the Corus Quay building on Dockside Drive at Toronto's Harbourfront neighbourhood.

CILQ-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 36,180 watts. The transmitter is atop the CN Tower, with backup facilities at First Canadian Place. CILQ is also available through streaming audio, and is simulcast onShaw Direct channel 864.
Rail transport in Russia
Rail transport in Russia runs on one of the largest railway networks in the world. By both volume of freight hauled, and passenger volume, they are second to only China. In total length, they are third largest, after China and the United States. Rail transport in Russia has been described as one of the economic wonders of the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.

JSC Russian Railways has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel in Russia, with a 98.6% market share in 2017. Independent long-distance carriers include Grand Service Express TC, Tverskoy Express, TransClassService, Sakhalin Passenger Company, Kuzbass Suburb, and Yakutian Railway.

Industrial railway
An industrial railway is a type of railway (usually private) that is not available for public transportation and is used exclusively to serve a particular industrial, logistics, or military site.  In regions of the world influenced by British railway culture and management practices, they are often referred to as tramways (which are distinct from trams or streetcars, a passenger technology).  Industrial railways may connect the site to public freight networks through sidings, or may be isolated (sometimes very far away from public rail or surface roads) or located entirely within a served property.
Henry Rydon
Henry Rydon (died January, 1885) was a London property developer active in the 1850s. He was originally a tailor based at Finsbury Circus. During the 1830 he became involved in land ownership developing a brickfield and acquiring land near where he lived in Highbury.

The Rydon Arms, a public house built in an area of Islington he was developing near Arlington Street and New North Road bears his name.

Finsbury Circus
Finsbury Circus is a park in the Coleman Street Ward of the City of London, England. The 2-acre park is the largest public open space within the City's boundaries.

It is not to be confused with Finsbury Square, just north of the City, or Finsbury Park, a few miles away.
Scope resolution operator
In computer programming, scope is an enclosing context where values and expressions are associated. The scope resolution operator helps to identify and specify the context to which an identifier refers, particularly by specifying a namespace or class. The specific uses vary across different programming languages with the notions of scoping. In many languages, the scope resolution operator is written ::.

In some languages, notably those influenced by Modula-3 (including Python and Go), modules are objects, and scope resolution within modules is a special case of usual object member access, so the usual method operator . is used for scope resolution. Other languages, notably C++ and Ruby, feature both scope resolution and method access, which interact in various ways; see examples below.

Value (computer science)
In computer science and software programming, a value is the representation of some entity that can be manipulated by a program. The members of a type are the values of that type.

The "value of a variable" is given by the corresponding mapping in the environment. In languages with assignable variables, it becomes necessary to distinguish between the r-value (or contents) and the l-value (or location) of a variable.

In declarative (high-level) languages, values have to be referentially transparent. This means that the resulting value is independent of the location of the expression needed to compute the value. Only the contents of the location (the bits, whether they are 1 or 0) and their interpretation are significant.
Lockerley
Lockerley is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England on the border with Wiltshire. The village lies on the southern bank of the River Dun about two miles upstream from its confluence with the River Test and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of West Dean which is just over the Wiltshire border. The parish has a population of around 827 people. The nearest town is Romsey, about 8 kilometres (5 mi) to the south-east and is about 13 miles from Salisbury.

The Wessex Main Line railway crosses the parish, the nearest stations being at Dunbridge and West Dean.

Salisbury
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee, locally /ˈsɔːzbəri/ SAWZ-bər-ee) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from Southampton and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from Bath.

Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Line and the Wessex Main Line.

Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) northwest of Salisbury.