hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Index of Earth science articles
Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences) is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is arguably a special case in planetary science, the Earth being the only known life-bearing planet. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth science. There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy. These major disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of the principal areas or spheres of the Earth system.

Articles related to Earth science include:

Holism
Holism is the interdisciplinary idea that systems possess properties as wholes apart from the properties of their component parts.
The aphorism "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts", typically attributed to Aristotle, is often given as a summary of this proposal. The concept of holism can inform the methodology for a broad array of scientific fields and lifestyle practices. When applications of holism are said to reveal properties of a whole system beyond those of its parts, these qualities are referred to as emergent properties of that system. Holism in all contexts is often placed in opposition to reductionism, a dominant notion in the philosophy of science that systems containing parts contain no unique properties beyond those parts. Proponents of holism consider the search for emergent properties within systems to be demonstrative of their perspective.
Nuraghe S'Urachi
The Nuraghe S'Urachi or S'Uraki is an archaeological site of the Bronze Age period located in the municipality of San Vero Milis, in the province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy.

Situated in an alluvial plain near the town, it is a complex nuraghe, protected by seven visible towers, linked together by an antemural, and by three other probable towers that would hide below the old former provincial road 10.

Around it there was a village of huts. From the area of the nuraghe comes the famous bronze candelabra of Cypriot type currently exposed to the National Archaeological Museum of Cagliari.

Province of Oristano
The province of Oristano (Italian: provincia di Oristano; Sardinian: provìntzia de Aristanis) is a province in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. Its capital is the city of Oristano. There are 87 municipalities (comuni) in the province.

As of 2025, the province has a population of 148,005 in an area of 2,990.45 square kilometres (1,154.62 mi2).

It is bordered with on the north by province of Sassari, on east by the province of Nuoro, on south by the province of South Sardinia and it is bathed from the Sea of Sardinia to the west.
Christian Ludvig Diriks
Christian Ludvig Diriks (16 October 1802 – 9 July 1873) was a Norwegian government minister and general auditor.

Diriks was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was the son of Norwegian statesman Christian Adolph Diriks.  He grew up in Laurvig (now Larvik), Norway where his father was Magistrate and Judge. He was cand. jur. in 1830 and an auditor in 1833. In 1840 he became a member of the Military Law Commission. He served as Minister of Auditing for two brief periods in 1856 and 1857, and later as temporary Minister of Postal Affairs in 1861.

He was married to Henriette Benedicte Munch (1823-1912) and was father of painter Edvard Diriks.

Office of the Auditor General of Norway
The Office of the Auditor General of Norway (Norwegian: Riksrevisjonen) is the state auditor of the Government of Norway and directly subordinate of the Parliament of Norway. It is responsible for auditing, monitoring and advising all state economic activities, including financial audits, performance audits and corporate control. Located in Oslo, it is led by a board of five auditors general elected for four years and from 2014 it has been led by Per-Kristian Foss. It is regulated by the Auditor General Act of June 1, 2005.

The office has about 460 employees, mostly recruited among economists, lawyers and social scientists.
Valentine Ratz
Valentine Ratz (November 12, 1848 – March 1, 1924) was a Canadian lumber merchant and politician in the province of Ontario.

Born in St. Jacobs, County of Waterloo, Canada West, the son of Jacob Ratz, Ratz received his education at Pine Hill Public School. As a lumber merchant, he was President of the South River Lumber Company of Parry Sound District. In 1879 he entered the municipal council of the Township of Stephen and was Deputy Reeve and Reeve. He was also elected Warden of the County of Huron in 1886. In 1873, Ratz married Mary Yagers. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Middlesex North in the general election of 1896. A Liberal, he was defeated in the 1900 federal election and was re-elected in the 1904 federal election. He was summoned to the Senate of Canada for the senatorial division of Parkhill, Ontario on the advice of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier in 1909. He served until his death in Guelph in 1924.

1900 Canadian federal election
The 1900 Canadian federal election was held on November 7, 1900, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 9th Parliament of Canada. As a result of the election, the Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier, was re-elected to a second majority government, defeating the Conservative Party and Liberal-Conservatives led by Charles Tupper.
Susan Michelsson
Susan Michelsson (born 29 February 1972) is an Australian long-distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, finishing in 40th place.

2001 World Championships in Athletics
The 8th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada between 3 and 12 August 2001 and was the first time the event had visited North America. The music for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies was composed by Canadian composers Jan Randall and Cassius Khan. The ceremonies also featured a thousand-strong voice choir, and the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.

Edmonton defeated bids from Paris, France (which hosted the next edition) and the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States to host the event. Edmonton had previously hosted the 1978 Commonwealth Games and the 1983 Summer Universiade.
Little Grand Rapids Airport
Little Grand Rapids Airport (IATA: ZGR, ICAO: CZGR) is the airport serving the First Nations communities of Little Grand Rapids and the nearby Pauingassi First Nation, Manitoba, Canada. These two communities are connected to the more populated southern areas of Manitoba by a winter road which is only operational for about two months per year. During the other 10 months, this airport is the only practical way move passengers and goods in and out of the communities. The lack of roads and small size of aircraft, typically Otters, Grand Caravans or similar, makes it relatively busy compared to the population of roughly 1,500 served by the airport.

This airport in Manitoba is operated by the Manitoba Transportation & Government Services — Northern Airports & Marine Operations.

Its NDB beacon is 280 - 4B.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Arkansas Razorbacks women's golf
The Arkansas Razorback women's golf team represents the University of Arkansas in the sport of golf. The Razorbacks compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They play their home events on the Blessings Golf Course near the Fayetteville, Arkansas campus. They are coached by Shauna Estes-Taylor.

Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil) is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 93,949 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 103,134 in 2024, making it the second-most populous city in Arkansas and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, within the Ozarks. It is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

Fayetteville was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many settlers had come, and was incorporated on November 3, 1836. It is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship university.  When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus change up the pace of the city. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games.
John T. Clawson
John T. Clawson (August 7, 1945 – August 17, 2011) was an American politician and Lutheran minister.

Clawson was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota and was raised in Bloomington, Minnesota. He graduated from Bloomington High School. Clawson received his bachelor's degree in classical languages, American history, and theology from Augsburg University in 1969 and his master's degree in theology from Northwestern Lutheran Theological Seminary (now Luther Seminary) in 1971. Clawson worked for the Minnesota Department of Human Services and the Minnesota State Council for the Handicapped. Clawson served as pastor for Lutheran churches in Harris, Minnesota and in Stanchfield, Minnesota. He also served as a chaplain for Hazelden Foundation in Center City, Minnesota. Clawson served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1975 until 1984 and was a Democrat. Clawson died suddenly at his home in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Luther Seminary
Luther Seminary is a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It is the largest seminary of the ELCA. It also accepts and educates students of 41 other denominations and traditions. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the Association of Theological Schools. It also has theological accreditation through the ELCA as well as the United Methodist Church.
Stree Shakti
Stree Shakti ("Woman Power") is an Indian talk show that was originally aired on prime time on DD National in  2015, running for a total of two seasons.  It was produced by Mona Khot (nee Mona Sareen), one of the co-founders of the production company Black Swan Entertainment.

The series showcased inspirational women from all walks of life who had emerged triumphant after surmounting extremely difficult circumstances.

DD National
DD National (formerly DD1) is an Indian state-owned entertainment television channel, founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It is the flagship channel of Doordarshan, launched 
on 15 September 1959. India's public service broadcaster, and the oldest and most widely available terrestrial television channel in India.
Public Works Department FC
Public Works Department Football Club was a football club from Bhutan, based at Changlimithang, who played in the inaugural Bhutan A-Division, then the top level of football in Bhutan, but since replaced by a full national league.

Bhutan Premier League
The Bhutan Premier League, currently known as the Bank of Bhutan Premier League due to sponsorship reasons, is the men's highest division of professional football in Bhutan. It also provides Bhutan's entrant for continental competition, the AFC Challenge League.
Queimada Nova
Queimada Nova is a municipality in the state of Piauí in the Northeast region of Brazil.

The municipality was designated a priority area for conservation and sustainable use when the Caatinga Ecological Corridor was created in 2006.

Piauí
Piauí (/pjaʊˈiː/, pyow-EE; pronounced [pi.aˈwi] or [pjaˈwi] ⓘ) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the country's Northeast Region. The state has 1.6% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.7% of the Brazilian GDP.

Piauí has the shortest coastline of any coastal Brazilian state at 66 km (41 mi), and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the northeast to be located inland. The reason for this is, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí was first colonised inland and slowly expanded towards the ocean, rather than the other way around. In the southeast of the state, the National Park of Serra da Capivara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park has more than 400 archaeological sites and the largest concentration of rock paintings in the world, in a landscape dominated by canyons and caatinga.
John Wardlaw
John Wardlaw  was an Irish Anglican priest..

Wardlaw was born in County Cavan and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He held livings at Killukin and Tunnagh. Wardlaw was appointed  Archdeacon of Elphin in 1769
and held the post until 1781.  He was then Prebendary of Tullabracky in Limerick Cathedral from 1781 until 1784.
He died in 1801, and is buried in a vault adjoining the ruin of Meelick Church, Punchbowl, Co. Clare.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
Geysaran
Geysaran (Persian: گيساران, also Romanized as Geysārān) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, Falard District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 23 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
Laurynas Šedvydis
Laurynas Šedvydis (born 5 September 1987) is a Lithuanian historian, musician and politician of the Social Democratic Party who was elected member of the Seimas in the 2024 parliamentary election. In the Fourteenth Seimas, he was elected chairman of the Seimas Human Rights Committee.

Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
The Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialdemokratų partija, LSDP) is a centre-left and social democratic political party in Lithuania. Founded as an underground Marxist organisation in 1896, it is the oldest extant party in Lithuania. During the Soviet occupation, the party ceased to exist. The party reemerged after the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of communist rule in 1989.

The party led a government in the unicameral Seimas, Lithuania's parliament from 2001 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2016. It has been the ruling party of Lithuania since 2024. The party is a member of the Party of European Socialists (PES), Progressive Alliance, and Socialist International.
Joe Bertram (Minnesota politician)
Joe Bertram, Sr. (born July 3, 1954) is an American politician who served in the Minnesota Senate from 1981 to 1996 as (DFL) State Senator from Paynesville in District 14.

Bertram was accused of shoplifting a leather vest and trying to bribe the store owner into not reporting it in 1996.  His brother, State Representative Jeff Bertram then began threatening people to not report other behaviors by his brother, for which Jeff Bertram was Censured. The Senate was beginning expulsion talks for Joe Bertram when pled guilty and resigned.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Jamie Cruickshank
Jaime Boyer (née Cruickshank; born January 4, 1986) is a Canadian Olympic bobsledder who competed in the sport from 2004–08. Her best finish in the Bobsleigh World Cup was second in the two-woman event at Lake Placid in December 2006.

She finished fourth in the mixed bobsleigh-skeleton team event at the 2007 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz.

She also finished 13th in the two-woman event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Jaime had since decided to retire from the Canadian World Cup Bobsleigh team in late 2008.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Ngoyla Faunal Reserve
The Ngoyla Faunal Reserve is a 1,566 sq km-large protected area, which is situated in the south-eastern part of Cameroon. It is an important shelter and corridor for the Congolian rainforests megafauna within the tri-national Dja-Odzala-Minkébé protected area complex (TRIDOM).

Congolian rainforests
The Congolian rainforests (French: Forêts tropicales congolaises) are a broad belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests which extend across the basin of the Congo River and its tributaries in Central Africa.
Viktor Gurjev
Viktor Gurjev (29 August 1914 Riga – 11 October 1985 Tallinn) was an Estonian opera singer (tenor) and pedagogue.

In 1951 he graduated from Tallinn State Conservatory in singing speciality. 1937-1940 he was a member of Vassili Kirillov mandolin ensemble. 1942-1944 he belonged to Estonian SSR State Artistic Ensembles. 1944-1950 he sang with the Estonian National Male Choir. 1949–1968 he was a soloist at Estonia Theatre. From  1956 until 1963, he taught at the Tallinn Music School.

From 1970 until 1982, he was the rector of Tallinn State Conservatory.

Georg Ots Tallinn Music College
Georg Ots Music School of Tallinn (Estonian: Georg Otsa nimeline Tallinna Muusikakool) was a music school in Tallinn, Estonia.

The school was formed 1944 from Tallinn Higher Music School (founded in 1919). In 2019, the school celebrated its 100th anniversary.
Georg Ots Music School of Tallinn was closed in spring 2022; since September 2022,  similar education is provided by Tallinn School of Music and Ballet which was formed by merger of TMHS, Georg Ots Music School of Tallinn, and Tallinn Ballet School.
Leopard tortoise
The leopard tortoise (Stigmochelys pardalis) is a large and attractively marked tortoise found in the savannas of eastern and southern Africa, from Sudan to the southern Cape Province. It is the only extant member of the genus Stigmochelys, although in the past, it was commonly placed in Geochelone. This tortoise is a grazing species that favors semiarid, thorny to grassland habitats. In both very hot and very cold weather, it may dwell in abandoned fox, jackal, or aardvark burrows. The leopard tortoise does not dig other than to make nests in which to lay eggs. Given its propensity for grassland habitats, it grazes extensively upon mixed grasses. It also favors succulents and thistles.

Geochelone
Geochelone, from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê), meaning "earth", and χελώνη (khelṓnē), meaning "turtle", is a genus of tortoises.

Geochelone tortoises, which are also known as typical tortoises or terrestrial turtles, can be found in southern Asia. They primarily eat plants.
Craugastor alfredi
Craugastor alfredi is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae.
It is found in Guatemala and Mexico.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss. Many populations are attracted to living in or near cave entrances, due to orthopterans and other food sources. They are categorized by having truncated digital pads on their two outer fingers and each fifth toe extends longer than the third. A subspecies of Craugastor alfredi was recently discovered in the Honduras called Craugastor cyanochthebius.

Craugastoridae
Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.
Leigh Ann Brown
Leigh Ann Brown (née Robinson; born August 17, 1986) is an American former soccer defender. She previously played for FC Kansas City of the National Women's Soccer League, FC Gold Pride, Atlanta Beat, and the Philadelphia Independence of the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) and earned two caps with the United States women's national soccer team.

2009 WPS expansion draft
The 2009 WPS Expansion Draft was a special draft for the Women's Professional Soccer teams Atlanta Beat and Philadelphia Independence, taking place on September 15, 2009.  Each expansion team made 9 selections from the existing seven WPS teams.
Jojee
Joanna Barratt, known mononymously as Jojee, is an American singer and songwriter. She first gained recognition in 2015 following the release of her debut feature, "Leaving You", a collaboration with electronic music acts Savoy and Sound Remedy, released through the Canadian record label Monstercat. The track marked her introduction to the electronic and indie-pop music scenes.

Matisyahu
Matthew Paul Miller (born June 30, 1979), known by his stage name Matisyahu (/ˌmɑːtɪsˈjɑːhuː/ ⓘ; מתתיהו‎), is an American singer, rapper, beatboxer, and musician.

Known for blending spiritual themes with reggae, rock and hip hop beatboxing sounds, Matisyahu's 2005 single "King Without a Crown" was a Top 40 hit in the United States. Since 2004, he has released seven studio albums as well as five live albums, two remix CDs and two DVDs featuring live concerts. Throughout his career, Matisyahu has worked with Bill Laswell and reggae producers Sly & Robbie and Kool Kojak. He has also appeared as an actor in films.