hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Family Circle Cup – Singles
Caroline Wozniacki was the defending champion, but was not allowed to participate because there were already two top 6 players in the draw.

Serena Williams won the title, defeating Lucie Šafářová in the final 6–0, 6–1.

Mariana Duque Mariño
Mariana Duque Mariño (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾjana ˈðuke maˈriɲo]; born 12 August 1989) is a Colombian former tennis player. Having turned professional in 2005, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 66 in October 2015.

Duque debuted on the ITF Junior Circuit in 2004. As a junior, she reached the final of the girls' singles tournament at the 2007 French Open. She defeated the tenth-seeded Ksenia Pervak in the first round, and ousted juniors' world No. 1, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, in the semifinals. Duque lost in the final to Alizé Cornet in three sets. She had some setbacks during the tournament, due to losing her tennis rackets at the airport. Without money to buy replacements, she had to play with borrowed rackets.

She won her first professional tournament in May 2006, in Mazatlán, Mexico. Her biggest win in senior competition is defeating 26th seed Anna Chakvetadze in the opening round of the 2009 French Open, in three sets.
Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten
The Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten was a short-lived unrecognized client state of the First French Empire in the Baltics, mostly comprising Courland and Semigallia in modern-day Latvia. It was founded on 1 August 1812, during the French invasion of Russia, from the territory of the Courland Governorate, and existed until 20 December 1812. Its capital was set in Jelgava.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Gnipahellir
Gnipahellir (Gnipa cave) is a cave in Norse mythology. Gnipahellir is the home of Garmr, the hellhound who guards the gates of Hel, the Norse realm of the dead.  Garmr is often featured chained here until the onset of Ragnarök, at which time his bindings break and he runs free. Reference to Gnipahellir appears in Vǫluspá, Prophecy of the Völva,  one of the poems of the Poetic Edda.

Hellhound
A hellhound is a mythological hound that embodies a guardian or a servant of hell, the devil, or the underworld. Hellhounds occur in mythologies around the world, with the best-known examples being Cerberus from Greek mythology, Garmr from Norse mythology, the black dogs of English folklore, and the fairy hounds of Celtic mythology. Physical characteristics vary, but they are commonly black, anomalously overgrown, supernaturally strong, and often have red eyes or are accompanied by flames. The behaviors of a Hellhound are very calculated and purposeful and they are said to be highly intelligent.
Elizabeth McCord
Elizabeth McCord (January 30, 1914 – April 18, 2008) was an American modernist painter whose colorful biomorphic and architectural abstractions influenced the hard-edge movement of the 1950s and were uniquely poised at the intersection of Southern California’s thriving mid-century art, design, and architecture scenes. Her work frequently appeared in shows at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Long Beach Museum of Art, the Los Angeles Art Association, and the Art Center College of Design alongside works by Lorser Feitelson, Helen Lundeberg, Josef Albers, June Wayne, and Knud Merrild, among others.

Long Beach Museum of Art
The Long Beach Museum of Art is a museum located on Ocean Boulevard in the Bluff Park neighborhood of Long Beach, California, United States.

The museum's permanent collection includes over 4,000 paintings, drawings, sculptures, works on paper, and decorative arts objects. Particular strengths include American decorative arts objects, early 20th century European art, California Modernism, and contemporary art of California.

The museum is a member of the North American Reciprocal Museums program and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.
Mark Moran (criminal)
Mark Anthony John Moran (né Cole, 4 July 1964 – 15 June 2000) was an Australian organized crime figure of the Moran family from Melbourne, Victoria, notable for its involvement in the illegal drug trade and the Melbourne gangland killings. Moran, aged 35, was shot dead outside his Aberfeldie home, allegedly by Carl Williams, just after 8 pm on 15 June 2000.

Aberfeldie
Aberfeldie is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Moonee Valley local government area. Aberfeldie recorded a population of 3,925 at the 2021 census.

Aberfeldie is bounded in the west by Afton Street, in the north by Buckley Street, in the east by Waverley Street and the edge of Aberfeldie Park, and in the south by the Maribyrnong River.
Julinki
Julinki [juˈlinki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kutno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of Kutno and 45 km (28 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Kutno County
Kutno County (Polish: powiat kutnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kutno, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Żychlin, lying 18 km (11 mi) east of Kutno, and Krośniewice, 14 km (9 mi) west of Kutno.

The county covers an area of 886.29 square kilometres (342.2 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 104,124, out of which the population of Kutno was 47,557, that of Żychlin is 8,880, that of Krośniewice was 4,647, and the rural population was 43,040.
Lovénberget
Lovénberget is a mountain in Ny-Friesland at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located on Lomfjordhalvøya. Lovénberget is among the largest bird cliffs of Svalbard, the steep cliffs with heights of more than 400 meters facing east towards Hinlopen Strait. It is named after Swedish zoologist Sven Ludvig Lovén.

Bird cliff
Bird cliffs, or nesting cliffs, are steep cliffs with numerous small shelves which serve as nesting locations for bird colonies. Bird cliffs are found on islands in the North Atlantic and Arctic, such as the Faroe Islands, Iceland, the Svalbard archipelago and on islands off Northern Norway. Birds that nest in large numbers on bird cliffs include auks, kittiwakes, barnacle geese, and typical Old World vultures. The number of breeding couples may exhibit large variations depending on available food. Bird cliffs have often been exploited as a food resource by the local population, as well as being used by hunters and egg collectors.
John Armitage (politician)
John Lindsay Armitage OAM (11 November 1920 – 13 April 2009) was an Australian politician. Born in Sydney, he was educated at Sydney Technical High School before undergoing military service from 1942 to 1945. He became a bank officer with the Commonwealth and Reserve Banks before his election to the Australian House of Representatives in 1961, when he defeated Roy Wheeler for the seat of Mitchell, representing the Labor Party. He was defeated by Liberal Les Irwin in 1963, but in 1969 won the new seat of Chifley. He held the position until his retirement in 1983.

Division of Mitchell
The Division of Mitchell is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is currently represented by Liberal MP Alex Hawke.

Mitchell is a largely white collar, upper class and socially conservative electorate in the Hills district of northwestern Sydney.

According to a 2022 survey by the ABC, Mitchell was the most conservative metropolitan electorate and the second-most conservative electorate in Australia after the Division of Maranoa.
Julian Stanley
Julian Cecil Stanley (July 9, 1918 – August 12, 2005) was an American psychologist. He was an advocate of accelerated education for academically gifted children. He founded the Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth (CTY), as well as a related research project, the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY), whose work has, since 1980, been supplemented by the Julian C. Stanley Study of Exceptional Talent (SET), which provides academic assistance to gifted children. Stanley was also widely known for his classic book, coauthored with Donald Campbell, on the design of educational and psychological research - Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Research.

Vanderbilt Peabody College of Education and Human Development
Vanderbilt Peabody College of Education and Human Development (also known as Vanderbilt Peabody College, Peabody College, or simply Peabody) is the education school of Vanderbilt University, a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 1875, Peabody had a long history as an independent institution before merging with Vanderbilt University in 1979. The school is located on the Peabody Campus of Vanderbilt University in Nashville. The academic and administrative buildings surround the Peabody Esplanade and are southeast of Vanderbilt's main campus.

Peabody College is organized around five academic departments, and conducts research in education, psychology, and human development. The school offers undergraduate, master's, and doctoral degrees in more than 30 programs.
Saint-Théodore-d'Acton
Saint-Théodore-d’Acton (Saint Theodore of Acton) is a municipality in the Regional County Municipality of Acton, in the province of Quebec, Canada. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 1,471.

Within this municipality there is a small village, with the same name. In terms of legal jurisdiction, the village is part of the larger municipality and has no separate identity. The rest of the municipality is completely rural.

Acton Regional County Municipality
Acton Regional County Municipality is a regional county municipality located in the Montérégie region of Quebec. The seat is Acton Vale.

Founded in 1982, the Acton Regional County Municipality is made up of eight smaller municipalities containing a little fewer than 16,000 people.  The average population density is 26.9 per square kilometre. About half of the population is concentrated in the town of Acton Vale.
May Hill (horse)
May Hill (foaled 1972) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a racing career which lasted from October 1974 until October 1976 she won four of her thirteen races and was placed on seven occasions. She won her only race as a two-year-old but showed moderate form in the early part of her three-year-old season. In the late summer and autumn of 1975, however, she emerged as a top-class filly, winning the Yorkshire Oaks and the Park Hill Stakes and was subsequently rated the best British filly of her generation. She remained in training in 1976, but failed to win in five races. She was then retired to stud and had some success as a broodmare. She is commemorated in the May Hill Stakes, a race for two-year-old fillies at Doncaster Racecourse.

York Racecourse
York Racecourse is a horse racing venue in York, North Yorkshire, England.
It is the third biggest racecourse in Britain in terms of total prize money offered, and second behind Ascot in prize money offered per meeting. It attracts around 350,000 racegoers per year and stages four of the UK's 38 annual Group 1 races – the Juddmonte International Stakes, the Nunthorpe Stakes, the Yorkshire Oaks and the City of York Stakes.
2011 World's Strongest Man
The 2011 World's Strongest Man was the 34th edition of World's Strongest Man and was held on the campus grounds of Wingate University in Wingate, North Carolina, US. The event was sponsored by MET-Rx. The qualifying heats were scheduled for September 15–18, and the finals on September 21 and 22, 2011.

Brian Shaw placed first, 2009 and 2010 champion Zydrunas Savickas placed second, and Terry Hollands placed third.

Met-Rx
MET-Rx is an American brand of nutritional supplements originally produced by Met-Rx, Inc., a California company started by Scott Connelly and sold several times since. The brand created a category of bodybuilding supplements called meal replacement powders or MRPs. It was also involved in the androstenedione controversy in the late 1990s.
Eric Tomkins
Eric Feltham Tomkins was an English cricketer active from 1920 to 1921 who played for Northamptonshire (Northants). He was born in Rushden on 18 December 1892 and died there on 20 July 1980. He appeared in thirteen first-class matches as a righthanded batsman and scored 204 runs with a highest score of 50 not out.

Rushden
Rushden is a town and civil parish in the North Northamptonshire district, in the county of Northamptonshire, England, around 18 miles (29 km) east of Northampton. The parish is on the border with Bedfordshire, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bedford.

The parish of Rushden covers an area of some 9,001 acres (36.43 km2). The population of Rushden is 32,038, making it the fifth largest town in the county.  The larger urban area, which includes the adjoining town of Higham Ferrers, has a population of 40,865.
SpiderCloud Wireless
SpiderCloud Wireless  was founded in November 2006 as Evoke Networks by Peter Wexler, Allan Baw, and Mark Gallagher. The trio incubated the company as Copivia Inc. and hired Mike Gallagher as CEO in October 2007. After closing the Series-A funding in January 2008, the company soon changed its name to SpiderCloud Wireless. The company is now headquartered in Milpitas, California. The company is backed by investors Charles River Ventures, Matrix Partners, Opus Capital, and Shasta Ventures. It has raised around US$125 million in venture capital and is generating revenue from customers such as Vodafone UK, Vodafone Netherlands, Verizon Wireless, Warid Telecom, and more. The company helps mobile operators improve service quality for enterprise customers.

SpiderCloud was acquired by Corning Inc. on July 19, 2017.

CRV (venture capital firm)
CRV, formerly Charles River Ventures, is an American venture capital firm focused on early-stage investments in technology. The firm was founded in 1970 to commercialize research that came out of MIT. Its name comes from the Boston area Charles River.
Tsqaltubo
Tskaltubo or Tsqaltubo (Georgian: წყალტუბო [ˈt͡s'χ'äɫt'ubo̞]) is a spa resort in west-central Georgia. It is the main town of the Tsqaltubo Municipality of the Imereti province. It is known for its radon-carbonate mineral springs, whose natural temperature of 33–35 °C (91–95 °F) enables the water to be used without preliminary heating.

The resort's focus is on balneotherapy for circulatory, nervous, musculo-skeletal, gynaecological and skin diseases, but since the 1970s its repertoire has included "speleotherapy", in which the cool dust-free environment of local caves is said to benefit pulmonary diseases.

Tskaltubo was especially popular in the Soviet era, attracting around 125,000 visitors a year. Bathhouse 9 features a frieze of Stalin, and visitors can see the private pool where he bathed on his visits.

Currently the spa receives only some 700 visitors a year, however, there are numerous restoration projects to promote the regeneration of this historic spa town.

Balneotherapy
Balneotherapy (Latin: balneum "bath") is a pseudoscientific method of treating diseases by bathing, a traditional medicine technique usually practiced at spas. Since ancient times, humans have used hot springs, public baths and thermal medicine for therapeutic effects. While it is considered distinct from hydrotherapy, there are some overlaps in practice and in underlying principles. Balneotherapy may involve hot or cold water, massage through moving water, relaxation, or stimulation. Many mineral waters at spas are rich in particular minerals such as silica, sulfur, selenium, and radium. Medicinal clays are also widely used, a practice known as 'fangotherapy'.
Douglas fir and aspen forest
Douglas fir and aspen forest is a plant community or vegetation type of the mountains of the western United States, dominated by Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides).

Vegetation classification
Vegetation classification is the process of classifying and mapping the vegetation over an area of the Earth's surface. Vegetation classification is often performed by state based agencies as part of land use, resource and environmental management. Many different methods of vegetation classification have been used. In general, there has been a shift from structural classification used by forestry for the mapping of timber resources, to floristic community mapping for biodiversity management. Whereas older forestry-based schemes considered factors such as height, species and density of the woody canopy, floristic community mapping shifts the emphasis onto ecological factors such as climate, soil type and floristic associations. Classification mapping is usually now done using geographic information systems (GIS) software.
Xylonic acid
Xylonic acid is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H.  It is an oxidized derivative of  xylose.  Xylonic acid is a colorless, water-soluble solid. Several isomers are known, all being classified as sugar acids, several of which can be obtained by oxidation of the corresponding pentoses.  The C-2 epimer of xylonic acid is known as lyxonic acid.

Like other sugar acids, xylonic acid readily converts to a lactone (RN 15384-37-9) by dehydration.  Lyxonic acid behaves similarly.

Genetically engineered Pseudomonas fragi converts D-xylose to D-xylonic acid.  Decarboxylation of the xylonic acid by a strain of Escherichia coli  give 1,2,4-butanetriol, which is of commercial interest.

Lactone
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They are derived from the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids by esterification. They can be saturated or unsaturated.

Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Nicolae Leon
Nicolae Leon (April 15, 1862 – October 4, 1931) was a Romanian biologist. He was the elder half brother of the naturalist Grigore Antipa.

Leon was born in Băiceni, a village in Curtești commune in Botoșani County. Starting in 1881 he studied at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Iași. In 1884 he went to the University of Jena to study zoology, obtaining his degree in 1887.  After returning to Iași, he became a professor at the Faculty of Medicine in 1889. Later on he was Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and then Rector of the University of Iași in 1918 and 1920–1921.

Botoșani County
Botoșani County (Romanian pronunciation: [botoˈʃanʲ] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia (encompassing a few villages in neighbouring Suceava County from Bukovina to the west as well), with the county seat at Botoșani.
Middle College High School at LaGuardia Community College
Middle College High School at LaGuardia Community College (MCHS) is a public high school located on the campus of LaGuardia Community College in the Long Island City neighborhood in Queens, New York City. MCHS houses approximately 500 students in 45-35 Van Dam Street, the former L building of LaGuardia College's campus. It is a school within the New York City Department of Education. It is a member of the Middle College National Consortium.

New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest public school district in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with approximately 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools chancellor. The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
Battle of Khalkhyn Temple
The Battle of Khalkhyn Temple (Mongolian: Халхын сүмийн мөргөлдөөн Khalkhyn sümiin mörgöldöön; Chinese: Halhamiao Incident, 哈爾哈廟事件; Japanese ハルハ廟事件 Haruhabyō-jiken) of 1935 was one of the border conflicts between the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Japan and Manchukuo which occurred from 1932 to 1939. The incident took place on the border of Manchukuo and Mongolia near the Buddhist temple of Khalkhyn (Temple of Khalkha), located northeast of Buir Lake in present-day Inner Mongolia, China. Scores of the cavalry of the Mongolian People's Army engaged with patrol units of the Manchukuo Imperial Army and Japanese soldiers.

Buir Lake
Buir Lake is a freshwater lake that straddles the border between Mongolia and China. It lies within the Buir Lake Depression. The Chinese city of Hulunbuir is named after both this lake and Hulun Lake, which lies entirely on the Chinese side of the border in Inner Mongolia.

In 1388, Ming forces under Lan Yu won a major victory over the Northern Yuan on the Buir Lake region. Northern Yuan ruler Tögüs Temür tried to escape but was killed shortly afterwards.

Mongolian border guards patrol the lake with a small number of motorboats.
Tillman Gerngross
Tillman Gerngross (born November 15, 1963) is an Austro-American scientist.

He is a professor of bioengineering at the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, and an adjunct professor in the departments of biology and chemistry at Dartmouth. Gerngross has been an active inventor and to date his work has resulted in the founding of multiple companies (GlycoFi, Inc., Adimab LLC, Arsanis, Inc., Alector [Nasdaq:ALEC], Avitide, Inc., Amagma, Inc., Ankyra, and Adagio [Nasdaq:ADGI]) and over a dozen U.S. and international patents.

Gerngross was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2017.

Thayer School of Engineering
Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth (branded as Dartmouth Engineering) is the engineering school of Dartmouth College, a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States.

Located in a three-building complex along the Connecticut River on Dartmouth's campus, Dartmouth Engineering offers undergraduate, master's, and doctoral degrees in engineering sciences, and has partnerships with other liberal arts colleges throughout the United States to offer dual degrees. The school was established in 1867 with funds from Dartmouth alumnus Sylvanus Thayer, also known for his work in establishing the engineering curriculum at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.

In 2016, Dartmouth Engineering became one of the first comprehensive, national research universities in the United States to awarded more than half of its undergraduate engineering degrees to women.