hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Natural Economic Order
The Natural Economic Order through Free Land and Free Money (German: Die natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung durch Freiland und Freigeld, NWO) is a 1916 book by economist, entrepreneur, and social reformer Silvio Gesell.
It is a treatise on land reform and monetary reform.
It attempted to provide a solid basis for economic liberalism, in contrast to the 1900s socialist and communist trends of collectivism and planned economy.
The Natural Economic Order is Silvio Gesell's most famous work, and it is mainly known for describing his monetary theory.

The book was published in Bern, Switzerland and Berlin, Germany in 1916.
The book had six editions during Gesell's lifetime.
It was translated into English by Philip Pye in 1929.

Monetary reform
Monetary reform refers to proposals to change a country's monetary system, including how money is created, regulated, and distributed. Such reforms seek to address perceived problems with current monetary schemes, like financial instability, wealth inequality, or inflation. Monetary reform movements grow during economic crises, proposing alternatives to prevailing systems.

Reforms range widely from a return to commodity-backed currencies like the gold standard to more radical changes like full reserve banking or government-issued debt-free money. Some reforms seek technical adjustments to existing systems, while others propose to fundamentally restructure money's economic functions.
Affliction (novel)
Affliction is a 2013 urban fantasy novel by American writer Laurell K. Hamilton, the 22nd book in the Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter series. The novel follows Anita Blake and her various lovers as she travels to Colorado and works to uncover a series of murders and infections involving flesh-eating zombies.

Cover art was released to media outlets in October 2012. Affliction was published in July 2013 in hardcover and e-book editions. An unabridged audiobook followed later that year. Affliction’s publication coincided with the twentieth anniversary of the Anita Blake character. In 2013 it reached #5 on the New York Times bestseller list in multiple categories.

Laurell K. Hamilton
Laurell Kaye Hamilton (born February 19, 1963) is an American fantasy and romance writer, who is best known as the author of two series of stories.

Her New York Times-bestselling Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter series centers on Anita Blake, a professional zombie raiser, vampire executioner and supernatural consultant for the police, which includes novels, short story collections, and comic books. Six million copies of Anita Blake novels are in print. Her Merry Gentry series centers on Meredith Gentry, Princess of the Unseelie court of Faerie, a private detective facing repeated assassination attempts. Both of these fantasy series follow their protagonists as they gain in power and deal with the dangers of worlds in which creatures of legend live.

Several media outlets, including USA Today, Entertainment Weekly, and Time have identified her works as significant contributions to the development of the urban-fantasy genre.
Kerileng Tlhong
Kerileng Christina Tlhong is a South African politician and a Member of Parliament (MP) for the African National Congress (ANC). She was elected to the National Assembly of South Africa in the 2024 South African general election.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
Pieper (surname)
Pieper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arlene Pieper, first woman to officially finish a marathon in the US - Pikes Peak Marathon in Manitou Springs, Colorado, 1959

August Pieper (disambiguation), multiple people

Bradley G. Pieper (born 1942), American businessman and politician

Cornelia Pieper, German politician of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP)

Franz Pieper, Confessional Lutheran theologian

Hein Pieper, Dutch Catholic theologian and politician

Jens Pieper, German archer

Josef Pieper German Catholic philosopher

Kade Pieper (born 2005), American football player

Markus Pieper German politician and Member of the European Parliament for North Rhine-Westphalia

Michael Pieper (born 1946), Swiss billionaire businessman

Pat Pieper, Chicago Cubs field (public address) announcer

Paul C. Pieper (born 1972), American guitarist and composer

Roel Pieper, Dutch IT-entrepreneur

Stefan Pieper, German ski jumper

Josef Pieper
Josef Pieper (German: [ˈpiːpɐ]; 4 May 1904 – 6 November 1997) was a German Catholic philosopher and an important figure in the resurgence of interest in the thought of Thomas Aquinas in early-to-mid 20th-century philosophy. Among his most notable works are The Four Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, Temperance; Leisure, the Basis of Culture; and Guide to Thomas Aquinas (published in England as Introduction to Thomas Aquinas).
St. Joseph Cathedral (Gatineau)
The Cathedral of St. Joseph (French: Cathédrale Saint-Joseph de Gatineau) in Gatineau, Quebec, is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church and seat of the Archdiocese of Gatineau (Archidioecesis Gatinensis). The cathedral church is located in the former city of Hull, at 245, boulevard Saint-Joseph.

Its construction began in 1951 and ended the following year under the plan and design of Lucien Sarra-Bournet.

Archdiocese of Gatineau
The Archdiocese of Gatineau (Latin: Archidioecesis Gatinensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese situated in the province of Quebec. The Archdiocese of Gatineau is the metropolitan of its ecclesiastical province, which also contains two suffragan dioceses: Dioceses of Amos and Rouyn-Noranda. It is currently led by Archbishop Paul-André Durocher.

As of 2006, the archdiocese contains 61 parishes, 47 active diocesan priests, 29 religious priests, and 231,000 Catholics. It also has 202 women religious, and 39 religious brothers.
Italian electoral law of 1993
The Italian electoral law of 1993 (better known as Mattarellum) was a reform of the electoral laws of Italy, passed on 4 August 1993. The nickname, conceived by Giovanni Sartori, derived from its author Sergio Mattarella. The law was also nicknamed Minotaur (from the mythical creature of Greek Mythology), for being a combination of two different parts (majority and proportional system).

The law replaced the proportional representation used in Italy since 1946, just after the end of the Second World War. It was replaced in 2005 by another law named Porcellum in reference to a comment by Roberto Calderoli.

1993 Italian referendum
An eight-part abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 18 April 1993. Voters were asked whether they approved of the repealing of laws on limiting intervention of local health units in dealing with environmental pollution, limiting the use of medicinal drugs, political party finances, the use of proportional representation in the Senate of Italy and the regulation of public banks, as well as the abolition of the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies, the Ministry of State Holdings, and the Ministry of Tourism. All eight proposals were approved with support ranging from 55.3% to 90.3%.
Virali Modi
Virali Modi (born 29 September 1991) is a disability rights activist and motivational speaker from India. She spent much of her youth in the United States, but after a visit to India she entered a coma due to contracting malaria. She survived, but could no longer walk. She came second in the Miss Wheelchair India contest in 2014 and as a result gathered a large following on social media. She began a Change.org petition titled "Implement Disabled Friendly Measures in Indian Railways." Her efforts to make railways more accessible landed her in "100 Women (BBC)" for 2017. She has given multiple TEDx talks on her experiences and struggles due to her disability. She has started campaigns to promote accessibility for disabled individuals one titled #MyTrainToo which she began in 2017 as well as another titled #RampMyRestaurant.

100 Women (BBC)
100 Women is a BBC multi-format series established in 2013. The annual series examines the role of women in the 21st century and has included events in London and Mexico. Announcement of the list is the start of an international "BBC's women season", lasting three weeks including broadcast, online reports, debates and journalism on the topic of women. Women around the world are encouraged to participate via social media and comment on the list, as well as on the interviews and debates that follow release of the list.
Blanco County Courthouse (Texas)
Blanco County Courthouse is a county courthouse located in Johnson City, Texas. It was designed by architect Henry T. Phelps in the Second Empire style, and completed in 1916.

The building replaced the earlier 19th-century Old Blanco County Courthouse.

The courthouse was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1983.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Poupée de cire, poupée de son
"Poupée de cire, poupée de son" (French pronunciation: [pupe də siʁ pupe də sɔ̃]; English: "Wax doll, rag doll") is a song recorded by French singer France Gall with music composed and French lyrics written by Serge Gainsbourg. It represented Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1965 held in Naples, winning the contest.

The song was inspired by the 4th movement (Prestissimo in F minor) from Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 1. It was one of fourteen songs that participated in the Eurovision fiftieth anniversary competition Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest held on 22 October 2005, as one of the best Eurovision songs.

The day after her Eurovision victory the single had sold 16,000 copies in France, four months later it had sold more than 500,000 copies.

Rag doll
A rag doll is a doll made from scraps of fabric. They are one of the oldest children's toys in existence. Today, many rag dolls are commercially produced to mimic aspects of the original home-made dolls, such as simple features, soft cloth bodies, and patchwork clothing.
Shin Nak-yun
Shin Nak-gyun (Korean: 신낙균, born February 1, 1941) is a South Korean activist, politician, and professor. She was the 5th Minister of Culture and Tourism, being appointed in 1998, and served in the 15th and 18th National Assembly.

Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (South Korea)
The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST; Korean: 문화체육관광부) is a central government agency of South Korea responsible for the areas of tourism, culture, art, religion, and sports. It has two vice ministers, three assistant ministers, one commission, and over 60 divisions. The first Minister of Culture was novelist Lee O-young. Subsidiary entities such as the National Museum, the National Theater, and the National Library are under the Ministry.

The headquarters are located in the Sejong Government Complex in Sejong City. The headquarters were previously in Jongno District, Seoul.
2023 Astana Open – Singles
Adrian Mannarino defeated Sebastian Korda in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Astana Open. Mannarino won his second ATP Tour title of the season. Korda was contending for his first ATP Tour hardcourt title, but suffered a fifth loss in a tour-level hardcourt final.

Novak Djokovic was the reigning champion, but chose not to compete this year.

Sho Shimabukuro
Sho Shimabukuro (島袋 将, Shimabukuro Shō, born 30 July 1997) is a Japanese professional tennis player.
Shimabukuro has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 130 achieved on 23 February 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 376 achieved on 16 September 2024. He is currently the No. 3 Japanese player.

Shimabukuro represents Japan at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 1–0.
Ève Landry
Ève Landry (born June 5, 1985, in Saint-Pascal, Quebec) is a Canadian actress from Quebec. After a time at the Ligue nationale d'improvisation, she began to appear on TV in the Ici Radio-Canada Télé show Unité 9 in the bad girl character of Jeanne Biron.

She attended the Festival de Cannes to present the TV show at the MIPCOM.

She received a Prix Iris nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the 25th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2023 for her performance in the film Bungalow.

Saint-Pascal
Saint-Pascal (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ paskal]) is a city in Kamouraska Regional County Municipality in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec. It has a population of 3,530. It is the second biggest city in the RCM, after La Pocatière. The city is crossed by the Kamouraska River. It's also the county seat of the Kamouraska RCM.

Saint-Pascal was named in honour of Paschal Taché, seigneur of Kamouraska. The original spelling of the municipality, based on the Latin Paschalis, was given in honour of Étienne-Paschal Taché, a notary and militia lieutenant-colonel. In November 1813, he became co-seigneur of Kamouraska with his father, Paschal-Jacques. On his father's death, he assumed sole ownership of the seigneury.
Parallel Extensions
Parallel Extensions was the development name for a managed concurrency library developed by a collaboration between Microsoft Research and the CLR team at Microsoft.  The library was released in version 4.0 of the .NET Framework. It is composed of two parts: Parallel LINQ (PLINQ) and Task Parallel Library (TPL). It also consists of a set of coordination data structures (CDS) – sets of data structures used to synchronize and co-ordinate the execution of concurrent tasks.

Thread (computing)
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. In many cases, a thread is a component of a process.

The multiple threads of a given process may be executed concurrently (via multithreading capabilities), sharing resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. In particular, the threads of a process share its executable code and the values of its dynamically allocated variables and non-thread-local global variables at any given time.

The implementation of threads and processes differs between operating systems.
Carolin Daniels
Carolin Daniels (born 10 June 1992) is a German former professional tennis player.

On 26 October 2015, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 363. On 2 November 2015, she peaked at No. 143 in the doubles rankings. In her career, she won one singles title and 18 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Daniels made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2015 Internationaux de Strasbourg, in the doubles draw, partnering Michelle Sammons.

2015 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 2015 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 29th edition of the tournament and will be part of the International-level tournament category of the 2015 WTA Tour. It took place in Strasbourg, France, on 17–23 May 2015.
Taganrog Theatre
The Taganrog Drama Theater named after Anton Chekhov and decorated with Order of Honor (Russian: Таганрогский ордена Почёта драматический театр имени А.П.Чехова) is a traditional Russian drama theater based in Taganrog, Rostov Oblast.

Order of Honour (Russia)
The Order of Honour (Russian: орден Почёта, romanized: orden Pochyota) is a state order of the Russian Federation established by Presidential Decree No. 442 of March 2, 1994, to recognise high achievements in government, economic, scientific, sociocultural, public, sport and charitable activities.  Its statute was amended by decree No. 19 of January 6, 1999, and more lately by decree No. 1099 of January 7, 2010,  which defined its present status.

The award is the successor of the Soviet Order of the Badge of Honour (renamed Order of Honour in 1988).
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1
GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, one of the family of glutamate dehydrogenases that are ubiquitous in life, with a key role in nitrogen and glutamate (Glu) metabolism and energy homeostasis. This dehydrogenase is expressed at high levels in liver, brain, pancreas and kidney, but not in muscle. In the pancreatic cells, GLUD1 is thought to be involved in insulin secretion mechanisms. In nervous tissue, where glutamate is present in concentrations higher than in the other tissues, GLUD1 appears to function in both the synthesis and the catabolism of glutamate and perhaps in ammonia detoxification.

Dehydrogenase
A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN. Like all catalysts, they catalyze reverse as well as forward reactions, and in some cases this has physiological significance: for example, alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in animals, but in yeast it catalyzes the production of ethanol from acetaldehyde.
Hartford Correctional Center
Hartford Correctional Center is one of 18 correctional facilities in Connecticut, United States. The correctional center is located in Hartford, Connecticut. The facility was opened in 1977, with its first warden being Richard Wezowicz.

In March 2016, the participatory budgeting organization Hartford Decide$ set up a voting location at the facility so inmates could vote on how the city's money is spent.

Poet and former professor of English at Central Connecticut State University Ravi Shankar spent time at the facility, writing an op-ed about his experiences for the Hartford Courant.

In 2017, Frontline and The New York Times collaborated on a PBS documentary called Life on Parole, which featured a former inmate of the correctional center, Errol Brantley Jr., and his struggles while on parole.

Ravi Shankar (poet)
Ravi Shankar (born 1975) is an American poet, editor, and former literature professor at Central Connecticut State University and City University of Hong Kong and Chairman of the Asia Pacific Writers & Translators (APWT). He has given a TED (conference) talk on #impuritanthinking  and is the founding editor of online literary journal Drunken Boat. He has been called "a diaspora icon" by The Hindu and "one of America's finest younger poets" by former Connecticut poet laureate Dick Allen.
Lama language (Bai)
Lama is a Bai language spoken along the Lancang River (upper Mekong) in Lanping County and Weixi County, in western Yunnan, China.

Up to the 16th edition of Ethnologue (2009), the code lay was assigned to "Lama (Myanmar)", listed in the index of languages by C. F. Voegelin and F. M. Voegelin (1977) as a Nungish language of Myanmar having 3,000 speakers. In 2013 the reference name for the code was changed to "Bai, Lama", identifying one of two Northern Bai languages, the other being Panyi Bai.

Nungish languages
The Nung or Nungish languages are a poorly described family of uncertain affiliation within the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Yunnan, China and Burma. They include:

Derung (Trung, Dulong, Drung, Tvrung)

Rawang (Răwang, Rvwang)

Nung (Anong, Along, Anung)

The Chinese name Ālóng 阿龙, sometimes misread Ayi, refers to Nung (Anong). Two other languages were formerly included under Nungish in the Ethnologue, namely Nor(r)a and Lama; however, they have recently been removed, as Nora is another name for the moribund Khamyang Tai language of Assam, and Lama (or Laemae) is a northern Bai variety that has been subsumed into the Lisu ethnic group in China.
Gononemertes australiensis
Gononemertes australiensis is a parasitic ribbon worm. It lives commensally in the ascidian Pyura pachydermatina found in the sublittoral waters of the New Zealand. G. australiensis was found in specimens of P. pachydermatina collected in Sydney harbor. These worms were found specifically in the atrium of P. pachydermatina.
It is dioecious and has several gonads. Each of its gonads produce several oocytes while the male worms carry testes along its parenchyma. Fertilization is external.

Gonad
A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a mixed gland and sex organ that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. Female reproductive cells are egg cells, and male reproductive cells are sperm. The male gonad, the testicle, produces sperm in the form of spermatozoa. The female gonad, the ovary, produces egg cells. Both of these gametes are haploid cells. Some hermaphroditic animals (and some humans‍— see Ovotesticular syndrome) have a type of gonad called an ovotestis.
Buried valley
A buried valley is an ancient river or stream valley that has been filled with glacial or unconsolidated sediment. This sediment is made up of predominantly gravel and sand, with some silt and clay. These types of sediments can often store and transmit large amounts of groundwater and act as a local aquifer.

Buried valleys may have been created by glacial lake runoff prior to the last major advance and retreat of continental glaciation. These valleys often have no surface expression, but constitute a major source of groundwater in the glaciated mid-continent region of North America and Northern Europe.  Recently, research has been focused on understanding the sedimentology of these formations in an effort to determine the safety of continued use of the aquifers which are often found in them.

Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54°N, or may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology.
Frederick William Cooke Residence
The Frederick William Cooke Residence was a historic building built 1883–1886 and located at 384 Broadway in the city of Paterson in Passaic County, New Jersey. Also known as the Cooke Mansion, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 8, 1982, for its significance in architecture, industry, and transportation. It was destroyed by fire in 1991.

Passaic County, New Jersey
Passaic County (/pəˈseɪ.ɪk/ pə-SAY-ik or locally /pəˈseɪk/ pə-SAYK) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the county was the state's eighth-most-populous county, with a population of 524,118, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 22,892 (+4.6%) from the 2010 census count of 501,226, which in turn reflected an increase of 12,177 (+2.5%) from the 489,049 counted in the 2000 census. The county is part of the North Jersey region of the state.

The most populous place in Passaic County is Paterson, the county seat, with 159,732 residents at the 2020 Census, more than 30% of the county's population, while West Milford covered 80.32 square miles (208.0 km2), the largest total area of any municipality and more than 40% of the county's area.