hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Provençal Tales
The Provençal Tales is a book written by Michael de Larrabeiti and published in 1988 by Pavilion Books. De Larrabeiti worked on the transhumance in the 1950s and 1960s; his book records stories apparently told to de Larrabeiti by Provençal shepherds.

Shepherd
A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations; it exists in many parts of the globe, and it is an important part of pastoralist animal husbandry.

Because the occupation is so widespread, many religions and cultures have symbolic or metaphorical references to shepherds. For example, Jesus called himself the Good Shepherd, and ancient Greek mythologies highlighted shepherds such as Endymion and Daphnis. This symbolism and shepherds as characters are at the center of pastoral literature and art.
By Request (George Jones album)
By Request is an album by American country music artist George Jones released in 1984 on the Epic Records label.

The album collects many of Jones's hits (including three number ones) but does not include "He Stopped Loving Her Today" which was Jones's signature hit in 1980. It features several other country stars, including the Oak Ridge Boys and Merle Haggard.  By Request also marks the first time that "We Didn't See A Thing" appeared on a Jones album, his top ten country hit with Ray Charles. The "buddy song" makes light of the blind pianist's vision impairment, something Charles had often done in the past. The two vocal giants had united to record the song for Charles's 1984 duet collaborations album, Friendship, which had been recorded in Nashville by Jones's producer Billy Sherrill.  It was the only recording the pair ever made together and features Chet Atkins on guitar.  They performed the song together on a 1984 awards show, which can be seen on YouTube.

George Jones
George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American country musician, singer, and songwriter. He achieved international fame for a long list of hit records, and is well known for his distinctive voice and phrasing. For the last two decades of his life, Jones is frequently referred to as "the greatest country singer", "The Rolls-Royce of Country Music", and had more than 160 chart singles to his name from 1955 until his death in 2013.

Jones served in the United States Marine Corps and was discharged in 1953. In 1959, Jones recorded "White Lightning", written by The Big Bopper, which launched his career as a singer. Years of alcoholism severely compromised his health and led to his missing many performances, earning him the nickname "No Show Jones". Jones died in 2013, aged 81, from hypoxic respiratory failure.
Ebensee concentration camp
47°47′15″N 13°45′28″E﻿ / ﻿47.78750°N 13.75778°E﻿ / 47.78750; 13.75778

Ebensee was a subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp established by the SS to build tunnels for armaments storage near the town of Ebensee, Austria, in 1943. The camp held a total of 27,278 male inmates from 1943 until 1945. Between 8,500 and 11,000 prisoners died in the camp, most from hunger or malnutrition. Political prisoners were most common, and prisoners came from many different countries. Conditions were poor, and along with the lack of food, exposure to cold weather and forced hard labor made survival difficult. American troops of the 3rd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron liberated the camp on 6 May 1945; the 80th Infantry Division helped with the full liberation.

Residential homes now exist on the site of the camp, and a memorial cemetery is nearby. A memorial tunnel, created in 1994, and the Museum for Contemporary History Ebensee, created in 2001, provide information about the camp to visitors.

Subcamp
Subcamps were outlying detention centres (Haftstätten) that came under the command of a main concentration camp run by the SS in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe. The Nazis distinguished between the main camps (or Stammlager) and the subcamps (Außenlager or Außenkommandos) subordinated to them. Survival conditions in the subcamps were, in many cases, poorer for the prisoners than those in the main camps.
Gee-Ann Abrahan
Gianina Maria Sta. Maria Abrahan-Perz (born November 6, 1985), also known as Gee-Ann Abrahan, is a Filipino actress and former reality show contestant. She came to prominence from her stint in the second season of Pinoy Big Brother, hailed as the fourth Big Placer, placing behind Wendy Valdez, Mickey Perz and season winner Beatriz Saw.

Sineserye Presents
Sineserye Presents is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by ABS-CBN. The series is a television adaptation of the Philippine films. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from March 5, 2007 to October 2, 2009, and was replaced by Pinoy Big Brother: Double Up.
Types of abortion restrictions in the United States
Abortion is the termination of human pregnancy, often performed in the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. In 1973, the United States Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade recognized a constitutional right to obtain an abortion without excessive government restriction, and in 1992 the Court in Planned Parenthood v. Casey invalidated restrictions that create an undue burden on people seeking abortions. Since then, there has continued to be an abortion debate in the United States, and some states have passed laws in the form of regulation of abortions but which have the purpose or effect of restricting its provision. The proponents of such laws argue they do not create an undue burden. Some state laws that impact the availability of abortions have been upheld by courts. In 2022, Roe and Casey were overturned by the Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, meaning that states may now regulate abortion in ways that were not previously permitted.

Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 (Pub. L. 108–105 (text) (PDF), 117 Stat. 1201, enacted November 5, 2003, 18 U.S.C. § 1531, PBA Ban) and signed by President George W. Bush, is a United States law prohibiting a form of late termination of pregnancy called "partial-birth abortion", referred to in medical literature as intact dilation and extraction. Under this law, any physician "who, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly performs a partial-birth abortion and thereby kills a human fetus shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both". The law was enacted in 2003, and in 2007 its constitutionality was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Gonzales v. Carhart.
William Usmar
William Usmar (4 October 1812 – 12 May 1879) was an English cricketer who played for Kent. He was born and died in West Malling.

Usmar made a single first-class appearance in 1841, against Sussex. As an upper-middle order batsman, he was bowled out by William Lillywhite in the first innings in which he batted, and finished not out for 0 in his second innings.

West Malling
West Malling (/ˈmɔːlɪŋ/ MAW-ling, historically Town Malling) is a market town in the Tonbridge and Malling district of Kent, England. It has a population of 2,590.

The name Malling derives from the Old English meallaingas meaning 'Mealla's people'.
Communist Party Congress
Communist Party Congress could refer to:

Ruling or former ruling communist parties:

National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany

National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam

Congress of the Romanian Communist Party

Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Congresses of the Communist Party of Lithuania

Non-ruling communist party congresses:

Congresses of the Communist Party of Brazil

National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The Communist Party of Vietnam is organized according to the Leninist principle of democratic centralism. The supreme party organ is the National Party Congress (Vietnamese: Đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam, lit. 'Congress of Nationwide Delegates of the Communist Party of Vietnam', commonly referred to as the Party Congress – Đại hội Đảng), which has been held every five years since 1976 (1976).

Previously, due to the wartime conditions during the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War, the first four Congresses were not held on a regular schedule. Since its founding, 14 nationwide CPV Congresses have been convened.

The National Party Congress elects the Central Committee, consisting of 180 full members and 20 alternates. The Central Committee usually meets twice a year.
Dirkou
Dirkou is a town in the Bilma Department, Agadez Region of north-eastern Niger. It lies in the northern Kaouar escarpment, a north–south line of cliffs which form an isolated oasis in the Sahara desert.  As of 2011, the commune had a total population of 14,998 people. Apart from the main city of Dirkou, the rural communities of Achénouma, Aney, and Emi Tchouma lie within the borders of the commune.

The town is just south of Séguédine, and around 90 km north of Departmental capital Bilma. While isolated in modern Niger, it once lay on the important central soudan route of the Trans-Saharan trade which linked coastal Libya and the Fezzan to the Kanem–Bornu Empire near Lake Chad.  Its population is made up primarily of traditionally sedentary Kanuri people, as well as semi-nomadic Tuareg and Toubou people.

The Central Intelligence Agency operates an armed drone base near Dirkou, targeting Islamic State militants in southern Libya.

Fezzan
Fezzan (UK: /fɛˈzɑːn/ fez-AHN, US: /fɛˈzæn, fəˈzæn/ fez-AN, fə-ZAN; Berber languages: ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ, romanized: Fezzan; Arabic: ‏فَزَّان‎, romanized: Fazzān [fazˈzaːn]; Latin: Phazania) is the southwestern region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert. The term originally applied to the land beyond the coastal strip of Africa proconsularis, including the Nafusa and extending west of modern Libya over Ouargla and Illizi. As these Berber areas came to be associated with the regions of Tripoli, Cirta or Algiers, the name was increasingly applied to the arid areas south of Tripolitania.

After the 1934 formation of Libya, the Fezzan province was designated as one of the three primary provinces of the country, alongside Tripolitania province to the north and Cyrenaica province to the northeast.
Nacho King!
Nacho King! (corporate name Emyth, Inc.) is the largest Tex-Mex food manufacturer in the Philippines. It operates kiosk and food cart franchises in many marketplaces and malls in the major cities of the country, and is the largest and only nationwide Tex-Mex retailer in the Philippines; it also exports its products internationally, primarily to markets in Asia. The business was founded in 1995 and began selling franchises in 1996. Besides nachos, the company also sells other products including corn chips, tacos, tortillas, and tostadas, which are available for wholesale as well as retail distribution.

Tex-Mex
Tex-Mex cuisine (derived from the words Texas and Mexico) is a regional American cuisine that originates from the culinary creations of Tejano people inspired in Mexican culinary traditions. It has spread from border states such as Texas and others in the Southwestern United States to the rest of the country. It is a subtype of Southwestern cuisine found in the American Southwest.
Robert Beaty Historic District
The Robert Beaty Historic District is a historic district in Athens, Alabama.  Robert Beaty was one of the original founders of Athens.  An Irish immigrant who settled in Virginia, Beaty and his associates purchased 160 acres (65 ha) around a spring, and began subdividing the land for sale in 1818.  A small village of log structures had formed by 1826, and began to be replaced by permanent homes over the next decade.  Beaty's own house was completed in Federal style in 1826.  William Richardson, whose son William, Jr., served in the U.S. House of Representatives, completed his home the following year.  The district contains 86 contributing properties representing architectural styles including Federal, Greek Revival, Italianate, Eastlake, Victorian, and Spanish Colonial Revival.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

William Richardson (Alabama politician)
William Richardson (May 8, 1839 – March 31, 1914) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in Athens, Alabama, to William Richardson and Anne Davis, Richardson served in the Civil War, fighting for the Confederacy.
Free Federation of Workers
The Free Federation of Workers (Spanish: Federación Libre de Trabajadores, FLT) was a union federation in Puerto Rico. It was founded in 1899 and initially led by Santiago Iglesias Pantín. Its political arm became the Socialist Party, founded in 1915.

It affiliated with the American Federation of Labor in October 1901, and it grew increasingly close to the AFL's conservative approach to unionism. This led to the creation of the rival General Confederation of Workers (CGT) in the 1930s. The FLT and CGT later merged and formed the basis of the Puerto Rico Federation of Labor.

Santiago Iglesias
Santiago Iglesias Pantín (February 22, 1872 – December 5, 1939), was a Puerto Rican socialist and trade union activist. Iglesias was a supporter of statehood for Puerto Rico, and was the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico in the U.S. Congress from 1933 to 1939.
Made in Chicago
Made in Chicago is a live album by drummer and composer Jack DeJohnette, recorded at the 35th Chicago Jazz Festival on August 29, 2013, and released on ECM Records in March 2015. The quintet features fellow Chicagoan musicians pianist Muhal Richard Abrams, bassist Larry Gray and saxophonists Roscoe Mitchell and Henry Threadgill—a reunion of DeJohnette with colleagues from Chicago's Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians.

Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians
The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) is an American nonprofit organization, founded in 1965 in Chicago by pianist Muhal Richard Abrams, pianist Jodie Christian, drummer Steve McCall, and composer Phil Cohran. The AACM is devoted "to nurturing, performing, and recording serious, original music," according to its charter. It supports and encourages jazz performers, composers and educators. Although founded in the jazz tradition, the group's outreach and influence has, according to Larry Blumenfeld, "touched nearly all corners of modern music."  Per the AACM, it "pays homage to the diverse styles of expression within the body of Black Music in the USA, Africa and throughout the world."
Cyrus D. Bell
Cyrus Dicks Bell (August 1848 - October 21, 1925) was a journalist, civil rights activist, and civic leader in Omaha, Nebraska. He owned and edited the black newspaper Afro-American Sentinel during the 1890s. He was an outspoken political independent and later in his life became a strong supporter of Democrats. He was a founding member of the state Afro-American League and frequently spoke out against lynchings and about other issues of civil rights.

Silas Robbins
Silas Robbins (February 14, 1857 – September 11, 1916) was the first African American admitted to practice law in the U.S. state of Nebraska in 1889, and the first Black person in Omaha, Nebraska to be admitted to the Nebraska State Bar Association.
Doran JE4
The Doran JE4 is a first-generation Daytona Prototype race car chassis made by Doran Racing, that debuted in the 2003 Grand-American Rolex Sports Car Series. The car was powered by a number of engine manufacturers, including Chevrolet, Ford, Lexus, and Pontiac.

Grand-Am Road Racing
Grand-Am Road Racing or Grand-Am was an auto racing sanctioning body that was established in 1999 to organize road racing competitions in North America. Its primary focus was the Rolex Sports Car Series, an endurance racing championship series. It sanctioned five auto racing series. The series announced in September 2012 that it would be merging with the American Le Mans Series, which had been Grand-Am's main US competitor since its inception. The two series fully merged in 2014 under the banner of the TUDOR United SportsCar Championship, with the International Motor Sports Association.
Luther High School South
Luther High School South was a private Lutheran high school on the northeast corner of 87th Street and Kedzie Avenue in the Ashburn neighborhood on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois, near the village of Evergreen Park. From 2009 to 2010, the school was named Luther South Math, Science, and Performing Arts High School, with the name, the focus, and the primary source of funding for the school changed after several years of difficult financial situations. The name was changed again following that school year. As a result of a significant drop in student enrollment, the school closed in June 2014. The school building was demolished in 2021-2022, with plans to build a Pete's Fresh Market. As of 2024, Pete’s is planning to use an empty store front and leave the lot vacant.

Evergreen Park, Illinois
Evergreen Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. In 2020, the population was 19,943. The village shares a border with Chicago on the north, east, and south sides; while also sharing a border with Oak Lawn on the west side.
Zimbabwe fuel protests
Protests began in Zimbabwe on 14 January 2019 following a 130% increase in the price of fuel imposed by the government of Emmerson Mnangagwa. Thousands of Zimbabweans protested against the price increase, along with increasing levels of poverty, the poor state of the economy, and declining standards of living. The government responded with a coordinated crackdown that resulted in hundreds of arrests and multiple deaths. The protests stopped after three days; by 17 January, businesses started reopening as the protests ended.

Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing
The usage and pricing of gasoline (or petrol) results from factors such as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation or subsidy, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply).  Since fuels are traded worldwide, the trade prices are similar.  The price paid by consumers largely reflects national pricing policy.  Most countries impose taxes on gasoline (petrol), whereas a few, such as Venezuela, subsidize the cost. No country's taxes cover all the negative externalities (air pollution and CO2 emissions) associated with usage, that is they do not make the polluter pay the full cost. Western countries have among the highest usage rates per person. The largest consumer is the United States.
William Trewynnard
William Trewynnard (by 1495 – 1549), of Trewinnard, Cornwall, was a Cornish politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Helston in 1542.

He was robbed and his estates despoiled during the Prayer Book Rebellion in 1549, when he was mortally wounded by rebels when trying to shelter at St Michael's Mount.

Helston (UK Parliament constituency)
Helston, sometimes known as Helleston, was a parliamentary borough centred on the small town of Helston in Cornwall.

Using the block vote system of election, it returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until the 1832 general election.

The Reform Act 1832 reduced its representation to one member, elected by the first-past-the-post system. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, it was abolished with effect from the 1885 general election.
Summer Horns
Summer Horns is a collaboration album by Dave Koz, Gerald Albright, Mindi Abair and Richard Elliot. It was released on May 7, 2013 via Concord Records. The album was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Album at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, losing to Steppin' Out by Herb Alpert.

Herb Alpert
Herb Alpert (born March 31, 1935) is an American musician who led the band Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass (sometimes called Herb Alpert and the TJB) in the 1960s. During the same decade, he co-founded A&M Records with Jerry Moss.

Alpert has recorded 28 albums that have appeared on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, five of which reached No. 1; he has been awarded 14 platinum albums and 15 gold albums. Alpert is the only musician to have reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 as both a vocalist ("This Guy's in Love with You", 1968) and as an instrumentalist ("Rise", 1979).

Alpert has sold an estimated 72 million records worldwide. His awards  have included a Tony Award and eight Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2006, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Alpert was awarded the National Medal of Arts by Barack Obama in 2012.
Preti
Preti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Armando Preti (1911–?), Italian footballer

Francesco Maria Preti (1701–1774), Italian Baroque architect

Gaetano Preti, Italian artistic gymnast

George Preti (1944–2020), American chemist

Gregorio Preti (1603–1672), Italian Baroque painter

Jean-Louis Preti (1798–1881), French chess writer

Luigi Preti (1914–2009), Italian politician

Luis Preti (born 1983), Ecuadorian footballer

Mattia Preti (1613–1699), Italian Baroque painter

George Preti
George Preti (October 7, 1944 – March 3, 2020) was an analytical organic chemist who worked at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For more than four decades, his research focused on the nature, origin, and functional significance of human odors. Dr. Preti's laboratory has identified characteristic underarm odorants, and his later studies centered upon a bioassay-guided approach to the identification of human pheromones, odors diagnostic of human disease, human malodor identification and suppression and examining the “odor-print” of humans.
Tommy Taylor (Mississippi politician)
Thomas G. Taylor (born August 2, 1948) is an American politician. He was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 28th District, first elected in 2011. He is a member of the Republican party.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Noginsky (rural locality)
Noginsky (Russian: Ногинский; masculine), Noginskaya (Ногинская; feminine), or Noginskoye (Ногинское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Noginskaya, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Udimsky Selsoviet of Kotlassky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Noginskaya, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Kineshemsky District of Ivanovo Oblast

Noginskaya, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Noginsky Selsoviet of Syamzhensky District of Vologda Oblast

Noginskaya, Verkhovazhsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Kolengsky Selsoviet of Verkhovazhsky District of Vologda Oblast

Noginskaya, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast
Noginskaya (Russian: Ногинская) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Noginskoye Rural Settlement, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 650 as of 2002. There are 9 streets.