hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proline-catalyzed aldol reactions
The Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert and Barbas-List reactions in organic chemistry are a family of proline-catalysed asymmetric aldol reactions.

In the 1970s, two research groups discovered (and published) almost simultaneously their discoveries of two related intramolecular reactions: Zoltan Hajos and David Parrish at Hoffmann-La Roche and Rudolf Wiechert et al at Schering AG.  The original Hajos-Parrish procedure begins with an achiral triketone in dimethylformamide and 3% (molar) catalytic (S)‑(−)‑proline.  The product is a chiral ketol with 93% enantiomeric excess:

In the Eder-Sauer-Wiechert modification, the product shown above loses water to give the conjugated alkene.

Three decades later, Carlos Barbas and Benjamin List demonstrated that larger catalyst concentrates could enable a similar intermolecular reaction.

The reaction has seen extensive use in many enantiomerically-pure molecular syntheses.  Indeed, it presaged the modern field of asymmetric organocatalysis.

Aldol reactions
In organic chemistry, aldol reactions are acid- or base-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones.

Aldol addition or aldolization refers to the addition of an enolate or enolation as a nucleophile to a carbonyl moiety as an electrophile. This produces a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone. In an aldol condensation, water is subsequently eliminated and an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl is formed. The aldol cleavage or Retro-aldol reaction is the reverse reaction into the starting compounds.

The name aldehyde -alcohol reaction derives from the reaction product in the case of a reaction among aldehydes, a β-hydroxy aldehyde.

Aldol reactions are important reactions for carbon-carbon bond formation and a fundamental reaction principle in organic chemistry.
Snowboarding at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's halfpipe
The men's halfpipe event in snowboarding at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held in Park City, United States. The competition took place on 11 February 2002.

The American sweep of the medal podium was the first for that country since the 1956 Winter Olympics, when they won all three medals in the men's singles in figure skating.

Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Ice Stadium in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. Three figure skating events were contested: men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating. It was final time figure skating at the Olympics took place on an outdoor rink.
Walcher
Walcher (died 14 May 1080) was the bishop of Durham from 1071, a Lotharingian and the first Prince-bishop (appointed by the King, not the Pope).  
He was the first non-Englishman to hold that see and an appointee of William the Conqueror following the Harrying of the North. He was murdered in 1080, which led William to send an army into Northumbria to harry the region again.

Symeon of Durham
Symeon (or Simeon) of Durham (fl. c.1090 to c. 1128) was an English chronicler and a monk of Durham Priory. He is known for two historical works which are particularly valuable for northern affairs, about the church of Durham and the history of England.
2021 Karlsruhe Open – Singles
The 2021 Karlsruhe Open (also known as the Liqui Moly Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and part of the 2021 WTA 125K series, offering a total of $125,000 in prize money. It took place in Karlsruhe, Germany between 7 and 12 September 2021. The tournament did not take place in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The singles part of the tournament had 32 competitors. Patricia Maria Țig was the defending champion, having won the previous edition in 2019, but chose not to participate. Mayar Sherif won the title, defeating Martina Trevisan in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

Karlsruhe Open
The Karlsruhe Open is a WTA 125-level professional women's tennis tournament. It takes place on outdoor clay courts, around the months of July and August at the Tennis Club Rüppurr in the city of Karlsruhe in Germany. The prize money is $115,000.
Soldotna High School
Soldotna High School is a public high school serving grades 9–12 in Soldotna, Alaska, United States. The school's primary objective is to prepare students for college and career opportunities. The school colors are silver and blue, and the mascot is a star. Approximately 720 students are currently enrolled. The school operates under the authority of the Kenai Peninsula Borough School District. The current principal is Chip Abolafia.

Kenai Peninsula Borough School District
The Kenai Peninsula Borough School District (KPBSD) serves 29 communities and serves 8,300 as of 2025-2026 in the Kenai Peninsula Borough. The district is headquartered in the borough seat of Soldotna, and the current Superintendent of Schools is Clayton Holland.
No. 140 Expeditionary Air Wing
No. 140 Expeditionary Air Wing is a deployable Expeditionary Air Wing of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Lossiemouth, Moray, Scotland, UK.

The current wing was established on 1 April 2006 the wing has history dating back to May 1944:

Expeditionary Air Wing
On 1 April 2006 Expeditionary Air Wings (EAWs) were formed at nine of the RAF's Main Operating Bases. Each EAW has its own identity and is led by the Station Commander, supported by their Station management team. The deployable elements of the station structures form the core of each EAW, reinforced by  elements of the Air Combat Service Support Units (ACSSUs). Flying and Force Protection force elements are attached to meet the requirements of each operation.  EAWs enable the RAF to train as cohesive air power units which are prepared and capable of transitioning quickly from peacetime structures and deploying swiftly on operations in tailored packages.
London International Stamp Exhibition 1950
The London International Stamp Exhibition 1950 was held in the Great Room, Grosvenor House, Park Lane from 6–13 May 1950, under the chairmanship of Sir John Wilson, Keeper of the Royal Philatelic Collection. A non-postal souvenir sheet was produced by Waterlow and Sons for the event using the collotype process. It depicted the Penny Black; Nova Scotia 1851 1/-; New South Wales 1850 1d Sydney View; Ceylon 1859 4d; Cape of Good Hope 1853 4d triangular. A souvenir cover showing St. George and the dragon was also available

Sir John Wilson, 2nd Baronet
Sir John Mitchell Harvey Wilson, 2nd Baronet KCVO (10 October 1898 – 6 February 1975) was a British philatelist and Keeper of the Royal Philatelic Collection from 1938 to 1969. He introduced the division of the collection by reign and, after World War II, loans from the collection to international exhibitions.
Shree Betal temple
Shri Betal temple (बेताळ) is a Hindu temple in Amona village in the Bicholim taluk of Goa, India. The presiding deity is Betal who is worshiped as a Bhairava form of Shiva in the form of a warrior; normally the idol of Shree Betal is standing in the temple, but during festivals his idol is displayed on a horse back in the village. He is the Gram devata (village lord) of Amona.

There is a temple of Shri Betal in a village named as "Gorli" in Pauri Gharwal district of Uttrakhand. Betal is also the village's gramadevata (village deity). This temple also has a Shiva Pindi and its gana.

The temple's construction prior to 1950 was funded by the Late Shri. Vithal Jagannath Telang and his name has been carved on the flooring accordingly. There is a water well 50 metres away from main temple.

Gana
The word gaṇa (Sanskrit: गण Sanskrit pronunciation: [ɡɐ.ɳɐ́]) in Sanskrit and Pali means "flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, category, series, or clan". It can also be used to refer to a "body of attendants" and can refer to "a company, any assemblage or association of men formed for the attainment of the same aims". The word "gana" can also refer to councils or assemblies convened to discuss matters of religion or other topics.

In Hinduism, the Gaṇas are attendants of Shiva and live on Mount Kailash. Ganesha was chosen as their leader by Shiva; the deity's title is gaṇeśa or gaṇapati, meaning, "lord or leader of the ganas". They are referred to as Shivaganas or Rudraganas and Rudraganikas are considered the female equivalents.
Terry Scott (priest)
Terence Scott (born 1956) is an Irish Anglican priest. He has been Archdeacon of Armagh since 2014.

Scott was educated at Queen's University, Belfast. He was ordained in 1981 and his first posts were curacies at Ballymena and  Antrim. After that he held incumbencies at Connor and Magherafelt. He was vicar choral at Armagh Cathedral from 1995 to 2006 when he was appointed a canon.

Magherafelt
Magherafelt (/ˌmæhərəˈfɛlt, ˌmækə-/ MA-hə-rə-FELT, MAK-ə-; from Irish Machaire Fíolta, meaning 'plain of Fíolta', pronounced [ˈmˠaxəɾʲə ˈfʲiːl̪ˠt̪ˠə]) is a town and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 9,071 at the 2021 census. It is the biggest town in the south of the county and is the social, economic and political hub of the area. It is part of Mid-Ulster District.
Rusty trombone
Rusty trombone is a sexual act in which a man stands with his knees and back slightly torqued with feet at least shoulder width apart to expose his  anus. A person typically kneels behind the man and performs  anilingus while reaching up beneath the scrotum or around the body to manually apply rapid back-and-forth motions on the penis, mimicking the motions of a trombone player. The act is defined primarily by the physical orientation of the partners, the combination of anilingus with manual sexual stimulation and the resemblance of the anal sphincter to a trombone mouthpiece; however, other positions and variations are possible.

Scrotum
In most terrestrial mammals, the scrotum (pl.: scrotums or scrota; possibly from Latin scortum, meaning "hide" or "skin") or scrotal sac is a part of the external male genitalia located at the base of the penis. It consists of a sac of skin containing the external spermatic fascia, testicles, epididymides, and vasa deferentia. The scrotum will usually tighten when exposed to cold temperatures.

The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females.
Steinlager 2
Steinlager 2 is a Bruce Farr-designed yacht. Skippered by Peter Blake, she won the 1989–90 Whitbread Round the World Race and line honours in the 1989 Fastnet Race. She was the only yacht to ever win all six legs of the Whitbread Round the World Race.

The crew included Brad Butterworth, Tony Rae, Kevin Shoebridge, Godfrey Cray, Ross Field, Graham Fleury, Barry McKay, Mark Orams, Dean Phipps, Mike Quilter, Cole Sheehan, Glen Sowry, Craig Watson and Donald Wright.

Graham Fleury
Graham Fleury (born 28 June 1959) is a sailor from Ōtāhuhu, New Zealand. who represented his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Russell Coutts and fellow crew member Simon Daubney they took the 8th place.
2018–19 George Mason Patriots men's basketball team
The 2018–19 George Mason Patriots Men's basketball team represented George Mason University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The season marked the 53rd for the program, the fourth under head coach Dave Paulsen, and the sixth as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. The Patriots played their home games at EagleBank Arena in Fairfax, Virginia. They finished the season 18-15, 11-7 in A-10 Play to finish in 5th place. They defeated George Washington in the second round of the A-10 tournament before losing in the quarterfinals to St. Bonaventure.

2019 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 2019 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic 10 Conference's 2018–19 season. It was held from March 13 through March 17, 2019 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. Saint Louis defeated St. Bonaventure 55–53 in the championship game to win the tournament, and received the A10's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Edgar (opera)
Edgar is an operatic dramma lirico in three acts (originally four acts) by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Ferdinando Fontana, freely based on the play in verse La Coupe et les lèvres by Alfred de Musset.

The first performance was given at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 21 April 1889 but the opera was not a success. Puccini repeatedly revised it until a 1905 performance in Buenos Aires, before declaring the work irredeemable, describing it as "warmed-up soup". It is still occasionally performed, including a 2005 recording by the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia conducted by Alberto Veronesi and featuring Plácido Domingo. This recording was described by Gramophone as "a tasty meal".

Gramophone (magazine)
Gramophone (known as The Gramophone prior to 1970) is a magazine published monthly in London, devoted to classical music, particularly to reviews of recordings. It was founded in 1923 by the Scottish author Compton Mackenzie who continued to edit the magazine until 1961. It was acquired by Haymarket in 1999. In 2013 the Mark Allen Group became the publisher.

The magazine presents the Gramophone Awards each year to the classical recordings which it considers the finest in a variety of categories.

On its website Gramophone claims to be: "The world's authority on classical music since 1923."  This used to appear on the front cover of every issue; recent editions have changed the wording to "The world's best classical music reviews."

Its circulation, including digital subscribers, was 24,380 in 2014.
Lucinda Fredericks
Lucinda Fredericks (née Murray; born 28 September 1965) is an equestrian athlete who competes in eventing. Having formerly competed for Great Britain, she now represents Australia. Riding Headley Britannia, she has won three CCI 4* events; winning Burghley in 2006, Badminton in 2007 and Rolex Kentucky in 2009. She won an Olympic silver medal in the team event at Beijing 2008, and also competed at the 2012 London Olympics.

Concours Complet International
The Concours Complet International (CCI) is the competition rating for the equestrian sport of eventing, given by the international governing body for the sport, the FEI. The rating system was recently changed, effective 1 January 2019.

Originally, competitions were held in two formats, CCI and CIC (Concours International Combiné). The difference between the two was that the 4 phases of cross-country (A, B, C, and D) were held in CCI competition, while CIC (Concours International Combiné) competition only ran the D phase. With the advent of the new format (which abolished phases A, B, and C), the FEI agreed to change the distances of the CCI to make it more difficult than the CIC competitions. Thus, CIC competitions had fewer obstacles on a shorter course than CCI competitions.

As of 1 January 2019, CCI competitions have been renamed to CCI-L (Long) and CIC to CCI-S (Short). The term CIC is no longer officially in use.
Luc Magloire Atangana Mbarga
Luc-Magloire Mbarga Atangana is a Cameroonian, born in 1954 in Nsazomo in Central Region. Holder of a DESS in Public Company Law obtained at Paris Dauphine University in 1987, he has been Minister of Commerce since 8 December 2004.

He is currently the spokesperson for the ACP countries (African, Caribbean and Pacific Ocean partners of the European Union) in the multilateral trade negotiations at the WTO (World Trade Organization).

Centre Region (Cameroon)
The Centre Region (French: région du Centre) occupies 69,000 km2 of the central plains of the Republic of Cameroon. It is bordered to the north by the Adamawa Region, to the south by the South Region, to the east by the East Region, and to the West by the Littoral and West Regions. It is the second largest (after East Region) of Cameroon's regions in land area. Major ethnic groups include the Bassa, Ewondo, and Vute.

Yaoundé, capital of Cameroon, is at the heart of the Centre, drawing people from the rest of the country to live and work there. The Centre's towns are also important industrial centres, especially for timber. Agriculture is another important economic factor, especially with regard to the province's most important cash crop, cocoa. Outside of the capital and the plantation zones, most inhabitants are sustenance farmers.
1972 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1972 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1972 Big Ten season. In their second year under head coach Bob Blackman, the Illini compiled a 3–8 record (3–5 in conference games), finished in a tie for sixth place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by a total of 277 to 197.

The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Mike Wells with 837 passing yards, running back George Uremovich with 611 rushing yards, and wide receiver Garvin Roberson with 569 receiving yards. Center Larry McCarren and defensive end Larry Allen were selected as the team's most valuable players. Wells and center Larry McCarren received first-team honors on the 1972 All-Big Ten Conference football team.

The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois.

Larry McCarren
Laurence Anthony McCarren (born November 9, 1951) is an American sports broadcaster and former professional football player. He played as a center for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Green Bay Packers. McCarren had a long career as the Packers' starting center. He was named to the Pro Bowl in 1982 and 1983. After his playing career ended, he was inducted in the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame.

He began a television and radio broadcasting career in 1988 at WFRV-TV and he was named the Wisconsin Sportscaster of the Year four times. McCarren has been working on the Packers Radio Network as the color commentator for the Packers' radio broadcasts since 1995.
Lam Po Kuen
Polly Lam Po Kuen (born 20 April 1982) is a Hong Kong former professional tennis player.

Lam competed for the Hong Kong Fed Cup team between 1999 and 2010, appearing in a total of 32 rubbers across 24 ties, for five singles and seven doubles wins. She was also a Hong Kong representative at the All-China Games, East Asian Games, 2005 Summer Universiade and 2006 Asian Games.

On the professional tour, Lam featured at ITF circuit level and reached a best singles ranking of 655 in the world.

East Asian Games
The East Asian Games was a multi-sport event organized by the East Asian Games Association and held every four years from 1993 to 2013. Among those who competed included athletes from East Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia, as well as the Pacific island nation of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic Committees.

The East Asian Games was one of five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia. The others are the Central Asian Games, the South Asian Games, the Southeast Asian Games, and the West Asian Games.

It ended after the 2013 tournament, the games later transforming into East Asian Youth Games, with Mongolia's Ulaanbaatar hosting the inaugural edition.
Evolution@Home
evolution@home was a volunteer computing project for evolutionary biology, launched in 2001. The aim of evolution@home is to improve understanding of evolutionary processes. This is achieved by simulating individual-based models. The Simulator005 module of evolution@home was designed to better predict the behaviour of Muller's ratchet.

The project was operated semi-automatically; participants had to manually download tasks from the webpage and submit results by email using this method of operation. yoyo@home used a BOINC wrapper to completely automate this project by automatically distributing tasks and collecting their results. Therefore, the BOINC version was a complete volunteer computing project. yoyo@home has declared its involvement in this project finished.

Muller's ratchet
In evolutionary genetics, Muller's ratchet (named after American geneticist Hermann Joseph Muller, by analogy with a ratchet effect) is a process which, in the absence of recombination (especially in an asexual population), results in an accumulation of irreversible deleterious mutations. That happens because in the absence of recombination, and assuming reverse mutations are rare, offspring bear at least as much mutational load as their parents.

Muller proposed the mechanism as one reason why sexual reproduction may be favored over asexual reproduction, as sexual organisms benefit from recombination and consequent elimination of deleterious mutations. The negative effect of accumulating irreversible deleterious mutations may not be prevalent in organisms which, while they reproduce asexually, also undergo other forms of recombination. This effect has also been observed in those regions of the genomes of sexual organisms that do not undergo recombination.
President of Poland's Football Cup
President of Poland's Football Cup (Polish: Puchar Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) was an annual football competition, taking place in the Second Polish Republic in the years 1936–1939. It was sponsored by President Ignacy Mościcki, and unlike today's Polish Cup, it did not feature clubs. Instead, it was a competition of the local districts of the PZPN (for example the team of Kraków's district of the PZPN consisted of selected best players of such clubs, as Wisła Kraków, Cracovia, and Garbarnia Kraków).

First two editions of the Cup (1936–1937) did not feature top players of the Ekstraklasa (see: Polish Football League (1927–1939)). In the 1938 and 1939 games, all best footballers participated in the competition.

Hubert Gad
Hubert August Gad, also known as Hubert God (15 August 1914 – 3 July 1939), was a Polish footballer who played as a striker.

Born in Świętochłowice, Gad represented both Śląsk Świętochłowice and the Poland national team. He made his international debut on 16 February 1936 at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, against Belgium. His debut was excellent, as Gad scored a goal and Poland won 2–0.

During the 1936 Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, he was a key player on the team. Gad, who was regarded as a temporary replacement for Ernest Wilimowski, proved his excellent quality, scoring four goals in the tournament. After the Olympics, represented Poland in additional 4 games, scoring once.

Gad died in 1939 while swimming in a lake. His funeral took place on 9 July 1939, and among pallbearers were renowned footballers such as Leonard Piątek, Ryszard Piec, Ewald Dytko and Teodor Peterek.
Camille Palenfo
Camille Palenfo (born 6 September 1971) is a Burkinabé footballer. He played in nine matches for the Burkina Faso national football team from 1995 to 1997. He was also on Burkina Faso's squad for the 1996 African Cup of Nations tournament.

1996 African Cup of Nations
The 1996 African Cup of Nations, also known as the Coca-Cola 1996 Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to 16 teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from then-dictator Sani Abacha, reducing the field to 15. South Africa won its first championship, beating Tunisia in the final 2–0. The tournament was covered in the 2026 documentary series “Class of ‘96: Rise of a Nation”.