hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1990 Volvo PGA Championship
The 1990 Volvo PGA Championship was the 36th edition of the Volvo PGA Championship, an annual professional golf tournament on the European Tour. It was held 25–28 May at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.

It was the first year in which the event was granted "flagship event" status of the European Tour by the Official World Golf Ranking.

The event was won by Mike Harwood, beating John Bland and Nick Faldo by one shot. It was his first Volvo PGA Championship win.

Official World Golf Ranking
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2026, 25 tours factored into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in that they are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments.

The chair of the OWGR is former world number twelve and 2008 Masters Tournament champion Trevor Immelman.
Ramreddy Damodar Reddy
Ramreddy Damodar Reddy (14 September 1952 – 1 October 2025) was an Indian politician, who represented the Indian National Congress party. He won his seat at the 2009 Andhra Pradesh state assembly elections for the Suryapet constituency. Reddy died in Hyderabad on 1 October 2025, at the age of 73.

2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was held in April 2009, concurrently with the 2009 Indian general election. The elections were concluded in two phases, on 16 April 2009 and 23 April 2009. The results were declared on 16 May 2009. The incumbent Indian National Congress (INC) retained power in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, winning 156 seats, though with a reduced majority compared to the previous term. The main opposition, the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won 92 seats. The INC Legislature party re-elected incumbent Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy as its leader, thereby re-nominating him to the post.
Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series) series 4
Your Face Sounds Familiar is a Greek reality show airing on ANT1. The fourth season started on April 23, 2017. The contestants are evaluated by the show's judges, the audience and the other contestants. The contestant who gathers the highest score in each live (winner of the night), is able to donate the money that is collected from the audience's voting to a charity of their choice. In Cyprus, the money were given to "Pankypria Organosi Tyflon" (Pancyprian Organization of the Blind People) organization every week.

Andros
Andros (Greek: Άνδρος, pronounced [ˈanðros]) is the northernmost island of the Greek Cyclades archipelago, about 10 km (6 mi) southeast of Euboea, and about 3 km (2 mi) north of Tinos. It is nearly 40 km (25 mi) long, and its greatest breadth is 16 km (10 mi). It is for the most part mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys. The municipality, which includes the island Andros and several small, uninhabited islands, has an area of 380 km2 (147 sq mi). The largest towns are Andros, Gavrio, Batsi, and Ormos Korthiou.

Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, was built into a steep hillside, and the breakwater of its harbor can still be seen underwater. At the village of Apoikia, there is the notable spring of Sariza, where the water flows from a sculpted stone lion's head. Andros also offers hiking options with many new paths being added each year.
When We Were Young (Pat Lynch song)
"When We Were Young" was a number one hit single by the Irish showband The Airchords, featuring Pat Lynch on lead vocals. Written by Barry Mason and Les Reed, it reached No. 1 on the Irish Singles Chart on 10 April 1971. The song remained at the top of the charts for just the one week, but was to return to the No. 1 position on 8 May of that same year, this time for a period of four weeks. Lynch and the Airchords had already broken up before the song was released. The song became a stadium anthem for Cork Hibernians F.C.

Irish Singles Chart
The Irish Singles Chart is the Republic of Ireland's music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA) and compiled on their behalf by the Official Charts Company. Chart rankings are based on sales, which are compiled through over-the-counter retail data captured electronically each day from retailers' EPOS systems. All major record shops, digital retailers and streaming services contribute to the chart, accounting for over 95% of the market. A new chart is compiled and released to the public by the Irish Recorded Music Association on Friday at noon. Each chart is dated with the "week-ending" date of the previous Thursday (i.e., the day before issue). The singles chart was first published on 1 October 1962, and covered the top ten singles of the previous week by record label shipments.

As of the issue dated 27 February 2026, the current number-one single on the chart is "Rein Me In" by Sam Fender and Olivia Dean.
Greek ship Lemnos
Three ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Lemnos or Limnos (Greek: Λήμνος), named after the island of Lemnos and the First Balkan War Battle of Lemnos:

Greek battleship Lemnos (1914–1932), a Mississippi-class pre-dreadnought battleship

Greek landing ship Lemnos (L158) (1943–1977), an LST1-class landing ship

Greek frigate Limnos (1982–present), a Kortenaer/Elli-class frigate

Lemnos
Lemnos (Ancient Greek: Λῆμνος [ˈlɛ̂ːmnos]) or Limnos (Modern Greek: Λήμνος [ˈlimnos]) is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within the Lemnos regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean region. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is Myrina. At 477.583 square kilometres (184.396 sq mi), it is the 8th-largest island of Greece.
San Pietro in Lama
San Pietro in Lama (Salentino: Sampiètru ti l'ìrmici) is a town and comune in the   province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy.

Its Mother Church is a typical example of Leccese Baroque.

Salentino dialect
Salentino (salentinu; salintinu; salentino) is an Extreme Southern Italian dialect (italiano meridionale estremo in Italian), spoken in the Salento peninsula, situated in the south of the Apulia region of Italy.
Mittleres Nessetal
Mittleres Nessetal is a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district of Gotha, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Goldbach. It was disbanded in January 2019, when 11 of its 12 municipalities were merged into the new municipality Nessetal.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Mittleres Nessetal consisted of the following municipalities:

Ballstädt

Brüheim

Bufleben

Friedrichswerth

Goldbach

Haina

Hochheim

Remstädt

Sonneborn

Wangenheim

Warza

Westhausen

Haina, Gotha
Haina (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪna]) is a village and Ortschaft of the municipality Nessetal in the district of Gotha, in Thuringia, Germany. Before 1 January 2019, when it was merged into the new municipality Nessetal, it was an independent municipality.
The Keener's Manual
The Keener's Manual is an imaginary book created by the 20th-century American political novelist Richard Condon.  From it Condon used quotations or epigraphs, generally in verse, to either illustrate the theme of his novels, or, in a large number of cases, as the source of the title, in particular six of his first seven books: The Oldest Confession, Some Angry Angel, A Talent for Loving, An Infinity of Mirrors, and Any God Will Do. Only his second, and most famous novel, The Manchurian Candidate, derived its title elsewhere. A number of his later books also reference it for epigraphs, without, however, using any of its verse as a source for titles.

A "keen" is a "lamentation for the dead uttered in a loud wailing voice or sometimes in a wordless cry"  and a "keener" is a professional mourner, usually a woman in Ireland, who "utters the keen... at a wake or funeral."

The Manchurian Candidate
The Manchurian Candidate  (1959), by Richard Condon, is a political thriller about the son of a prominent U.S. political family who is brainwashed into being an unwitting assassin for a Communist conspiracy. The Manchurian Candidate novel has twice been adapted into a feature film; the first is The Manchurian Candidate (1962), which deals with anti-communist hysteria in U.S. politics, and the second is The Manchurian Candidate (2004), which deals with corporate interference in the U.S. government.
Kwekwe stadium stampede
On 21 November 2014, a stampede occurred at Mbizo Stadium in Kwekwe, Zimbabwe, killing 11 and injuring 40 people. Reuters reported that around 30,000 people attended a religious service officiated by Walter Magaya. After the service, the crowd left toward a single exit in a stampede, killing four immediately; seven others were pronounced dead at hospital. The Business Standard reported that the stampede was caused by police firing teargas after some of the crowd attempted to break off parts of the stadium wall to exit.

Stampede
A stampede (/stæmˈpiːd/) is a situation in which a group of large animals suddenly start running in the same direction, especially because they are excited or frightened. Although the term is most often applied to animals, there are cases of humans stampeding from danger too.
Bowman–Heidenhain hypothesis
The Bowman–Heidenhain hypothesis is an early explanation of renal function and urinary secretion.

The hypothesis states that the kidney is first and foremost a secreting gland. According to the theory, glomeruli are merely filters, while the tubules are the true secretory structures. To prove his hypothesis, Rudolph Heidenhain injected methylene blue into an animal's bloodstream, which soon appeared in the urine. More evident proof of this theory is that when the tubules are destroyed, urine becomes watery and urea and other toxic products remain in the blood.

This theory was later merged with the Ludwig theory to form the modern theory.

Assessment of kidney function
Assessment of kidney function occurs in different ways, using the presence of symptoms and signs, as well as measurements using urine tests, blood tests, and medical imaging.

Functions of a healthy kidney include maintaining a person's  fluid balance, maintaining an acid-base balance; regulating sodium and other electrolytes; clearing toxins; regulating blood pressure; and regulating hormones, such as erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D. The kidney is also involved in maintaining blood pH balance.
Gower's Island
Gower's Island is an island in the Cumberland River in Tennessee, United States. It is the third river island between the Old Hickory Lock and Dam and the Cheatham Dam, and it spans 16 acres. It was settled by James Russell and Abel Gower, Sr., two North Carolinians, in the late 18th century. As of 2015, it is owned by a private entity.

Old Hickory Lock and Dam
Old Hickory Lock and Dam is a dam located in middle Tennessee on the Cumberland River at river mile 216.2 in Sumner and Davidson Counties, approximately 25 miles (40 km) upstream from Nashville.  The reservoir behind the dam is Old Hickory Lake. The dam and lake are named after President Andrew Jackson (nicknamed "Old Hickory"), who lived in the vicinity at The Hermitage.
Cristofano Robetta
Cristofano Robetta (1462 – 1535) was an Italian artist, goldsmith, and engraver.

Robetta was a Florentine "who made some rich, intricate engravings in the fine manner". He often made engravings which replicated paintings others had done, some of which preserved works that had otherwise been destroyed.

Some of his works reside at the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Goldsmith
A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Modern goldsmiths mainly specialize in jewelry-making but historically, they have also made silverware, platters, goblets, decorative and serviceable utensils, and ceremonial or religious items.

Goldsmiths must be skilled in forming metal through filing, soldering, sawing, forging, casting, and polishing. The trade has very often included jewelry-making skills, as well as the very similar skills of the silversmith. Traditionally, these skills had been passed along through apprenticeships; more recently jewelry arts schools, specializing in teaching goldsmithing and a multitude of skills falling under the jewelry arts umbrella, are available. Many universities and junior colleges also offer goldsmithing, silversmithing, and metal arts fabrication as a part of their fine arts curriculum.
Palmatius
Palmatius was a  Christian saint martyred with 11 companions in Trier in around 287. They were among many killed under the Emperor Maximian by Rictius Varus, the vicarius in Roman Gaul.

His feast day is May 10.

Vicarius
Within the administrative structure of the Roman Empire, an imperial vicar (from Latin: vicarius, meaning deputy) or exarch (from Ancient Greek: ἔξαρχος / exarchos) was a high ranking state official who served as a regional governor, and the office also continued to exist in the early Byzantine Empire. Since the time of emperor Diocletian (284-305), imperial vicars were appointed as civilian governors of newly established imperial dioceses, each of them encompassing several provinces. In the eastern parts of Roman Empire, dominated by the Greek language and common use of Greek terminology, imperial vicars were called exarchs.

In English terminology, forms vicarius or vicar are used for these officials.
Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt
Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt (5 June 1764 – 23 March 1816) was a pharmacist, chemist, and anatomist. He was an early supporter of Lavoisier's theories in Germany. He investigated mercury compounds, and the chemical nature of quicklime, ammonium nitrate, and ammonia. He studied light emitted by electric discharges through air and investigated the use of nitric oxide to determine the oxygen content of air. He developed a method to separate silver from copper. He wrote textbooks on pharmacology and human anatomy, and treatises on smallpox, sleep, and the digestive system.

He obtained his MD in 1783 from the University of Göttingen under Johann Friedrich Gmelin.

Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4NO3. It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, but does not form hydrates. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer.

Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction. It is the major constituent of ANFO, an industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America; similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices.

Many countries are phasing out its use in consumer applications due to concerns over its potential for misuse. Accidental ammonium nitrate explosions have killed thousands of people since the early 20th century. Global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes in 2017. By 2021, global production of ammonium nitrate was down to 16.7 million tonnes.
Euryodus
Euryodus is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae. Euryodus is a Lepospondyl from the clade Microsauria that lived during the Early Permian. The name comes from Greek, meaning ‘broad-tooth’. It has been found in the southern half of North America, from its original discovery in Texas up to Utah.

Microsauria
Microsauria is an extinct, possibly polyphyletic order of tetrapods from the late Carboniferous and early Permian periods. It is the most diverse and species-rich group of lepospondyls. Recently, Microsauria has been considered paraphyletic, as several other non-microsaur lepospondyl groups such as Lysorophia seem to be nested in it. Microsauria is now commonly used as a collective term for the grade of lepospondyls that were originally classified as members of Microsauria.

The microsaurs all had short tails and small legs, but were otherwise quite varied in form. The group included lizard-like animals that were relatively well-adapted to living on dry land, burrowing forms, and others that, like the modern axolotl, retained their gills into adult life, and so presumably never left the water. Their skeleton was heavily ossified, and their development was likely gradual with no metamorphosis.
KUEZ
KUEZ (104.1 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station in Fallon, Nevada serving the Reno metropolitan area.  It is owned by John Burkavage, with Big Horn Media, Inc. as the licensee.  It broadcasts a soft adult contemporary radio format.

KUEZ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts.  The transmitter is in Churchill County off Interstate 80 near the Fallon Rest Stop.  KUEZ also has a booster station in Reno on 104.1 MHz, KUEZ-FM1 with an ERP of 17,500 watts.

Reno metropolitan area
The Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in Western Nevada, anchored by the cities of Reno and Sparks. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 490,596.
Bloom Agro
Bloom Agro is an Indonesian social enterprise founded by Emily Sutanto. The company aims to promote sustainable agriculture and improve humanity. It is Indonesia's first organic and fair-trade rice producer and exporter.

Bloom Agro currently works with 2300 small-scale farmers in the Simpatik Farmers Association in Tasikmalaya, West Java, to export their rice that is grown organically with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods. Sutanto worked with the farmers to obtain international organic and fair trade certification through IMO and successfully lobbied to exempt specialty rice from Indonesia's rice export ban. She has also revolutionized the supply chain by empowering these farmers so that they do not have to rely on tengkulak anymore.

Within three years of founding Bloom Agro, Sutanto is exporting SRI organic rice  including several traditional varieties, to Germany, Malaysia, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

System of Rice Intensification
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a farming methodology that aims to increase the yield of rice while using fewer resources and reducing environmental impacts. The method was developed by a French Jesuit Father Henri de Laulanié in Madagascar and built upon decades of agricultural experimentation. SRI focuses on changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients to create a more productive and sustainable system of rice cultivation.

The methodology has been adopted by millions of smallholder farmers around the world, particularly in Asia and Africa. Despite its success, the adoption of SRI has been limited primarily due to a lack of awareness and available training. SRI has been proposed as a prime example of how agroecological approaches to farming can address what The Economist newspaper describes as the impending global crisis in rice.
2010 Brno Formula Two round
The 2010 Brno Formula Two round was the seventh round of the 2010 FIA Formula Two Championship and was held on July 31 and August 1, 2010 at the Masaryk Circuit, Brno, Czech Republic. Nicola de Marco won the first 20-lap race from second position, earning his first series victory. Dean Stoneman, the pole position starter of the round, finished in second position and Sergey Afanasyev was third. Jolyon Palmer took the win in the second 19-lap race from a second position start. Stoneman took second place and Kazim Vasiliauskas finished third.

Brno Circuit
The Masaryk circuit (Czech: Masarykův okruh) or Masarykring, also referred to as the Brno Circuit, refers to two motorsport race tracks located in Brno, Czech Republic.

The original street circuit was made up of public roads, and at its longest measured 29.194 km (18.140 mi). The track is named after the first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. In 1949, events such as the Czechoslovakian Grand Prix attracted top teams and drivers. In 1987, the new (current) circuit was opened. The Brno Circuit is historically one of the oldest circuits, on the place were also held the most motorcycle championships in history after the TT Circuit Assen.
Braintree Instructions
The Braintree Instructions was a document sent on September 24, 1765 by the town meeting of Braintree, Massachusetts to the town's representative at the Massachusetts General Court, or legislature, which instructed the representative to oppose the Stamp Act 1765, a tax regime which had recently been adopted by the British Parliament in London. The document is significant because, following the Virginia Resolves, it was among the earliest in British America to officially reject the authority of Parliament over the colonies in North America.  The instructions were written by John Adams, who would ten years later become a key figure in the American Revolution and ultimately be elected the second President of the United States in 1796.

Braintree, Massachusetts
Braintree (US:  /ˈbreɪnˌtri/) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is officially known as a town, but Braintree is a city with a mayor–council form of government, and it is considered a city under Massachusetts law. The population was 39,143 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Greater Boston area, with access to the MBTA Red Line, and is a member of the Metropolitan Area Planning Council's South Shore Coalition. The first mayor of Braintree was Joe Sullivan, who served until January 2020. The current mayor of Braintree is Erin Joyce, who was elected in 2023, defeating incumbent Charles Kokoros.
2016 Suzhou Ladies Open
The 2016 Suzhou Ladies Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 5th edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Suzhou, China, on 17–23 October 2016.

Suzhou, Anhui
Suzhou, (Chinese: 宿州; pinyin: Sùzhōu) formerly romanized as Suchow, is a prefecture-level city in northern Anhui, China. The city straddles the Tuohe and Xinbian rivers, which fork at its western end. The Tuohe was formerly a left tributary of the Huai River, while the latter is a modern artificial canal, but now both drain into Hongze Lake. It borders the prefectural cities of Huaibei and Bengbu to the southwest and south respectively, and the provinces of Jiangsu to the east, Shandong to the north, and Henan to the northwest.

Its population was 5,324,476 inhabitants at the 2020 census, of whom 1,766,285 lived in the built-up area (or metro) of Yongqiao District, even though that district remains largely rural.