hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clipper Magazine
Clipp (formerly Clipper Magazine) is a direct marketing company with 413 local editions and specialty publications in 22 states each mailing 6 to 12 times annually to more than 21 million homes. In addition to the Clipp magazine, Clipp publishes Prestigious Living and hosts coupons and purchased deals on clipp.com.

Direct marketing
Direct marketing is a form of communicating an offer, where organizations communicate directly to a pre-selected customer and supply a method for a direct response. Among practitioners, it is also known as direct response marketing. In contrast to direct marketing, advertising is more of a mass-message nature.
Response channels include toll-free telephone numbers, reply cards, reply forms to be sent in an envelope, websites and email addresses.

The prevalence of direct marketing and the unwelcome nature of some communications has led to regulations and laws such as the CAN-SPAM Act, requiring that consumers in the United States be allowed to opt-out.
Foxhill House
Foxhill House is a Gothic Revival style building on what is now the Whiteknights campus of the University of Reading at Earley, adjoining the English town of Reading. It currently houses the university's School of Law.

Foxhill House is a Grade II* listed building. The former stables and coach house immediately to the north east, which are now physically connected to Foxhill House, and also form part of the School of Law, are separately listed as Grade II.

Hugo Hirst, 1st Baron Hirst
Hugo Hirst, 1st Baron Hirst (26 November 1863 – 22 January 1943), known as Sir Hugo Hirst, Bt, between 1925 and 1934, was a German-born British industrialist.

Born near Munich, Hugo Hirsch became a naturalized British subject in 1883 and changed his surname to Hirst.

He was co-founder with Gustav Binswanger of the General Electric Company plc, and in 1910 became its chairman.

He was created a baronet, of Witton in the County of Warwick, on 2 July 1925 and elevated to the peerage as Baron Hirst, of Witton in the County of Warwick, on 28 June 1934.

Hirst's eldest daughter Muriel married Leslie Gamage, the elder son of Arthur Walter Gamage, the founder of Gamages department store.  Leslie joined GEC and became chairman and managing director after Hirst's death.

As both his son and his grandson died before Hirst, his baronetcy and peerage both became extinct on his death in 1943.
Thomas B. Dunstan
Thomas B. Dunstan (January 4, 1850 – May 23, 1902) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Michigan from 1897 to 1899. He previously served in the Michigan House of Representatives from the Ontonagon district from 1883 to 1884 and in the Michigan Senate from the 32nd district from 1889 to 1890. he died at age 52 in Chicago.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Monasterio de la Victoria, Province of Cadiz
Monasterio de la Victoria is a former monastery located in El Puerto de Santa María, province of Cádiz, southern Spain. It was built in the 16th century by Dukes of Medinaceli. The buildings housed a prison between 1886 and 1981.

During the Second Spanish Republic, the  Civil War and  Franco's Dictatorship, the Monastery was used as a prison. During and after the civil war, it housed political prisoners such as Ramón Rubial, then president of the  Socialist Party and Eleuterio Sánchez.

The building is open to visitors on Fridays, and includes an exhibition about the building's history. Today the building hosts cultural and official events.

Duke of Medinaceli
Duke of Medinaceli (pronounced [meðinaˈθeli]) is an hereditary title in the peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee. The Catholic Monarchs,  Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, created the title and awarded it on 31 October 1479 to Luis de la Cerda y de la Vega. He also held the title of 5th Count of Medinaceli, which was first awarded in 1368 to his ancestor, Bernal de Foix.
Pockau-Lengefeld–Neuhausen railway
The Pockau-Lengefeld–Neuhausen railway, one of two lines also called the Flöha Valley Railway (German: Flöhatalbahn), is a branch line in the German state of  Saxony. It runs in the valley of the Flöha from Pockau via Olbernhau to Neuhausen. Since 2001, the route has been operated by Erzgebirgsbahn, part of Deutsche Bahn's RegioNetz subsidiary.

Railroad switch
A railroad switch (AE), turnout, or (set of) points (CE) is a mechanical installation enabling railway trains to be guided from one track to another, such as at a railway junction or where a spur or siding branches off.
David Riazanov
David Riazanov or Ryazanov (Russian: Давид Рязанов), born David Borisovich Goldendakh (Russian: Дави́д Бори́сович Гольдендах; 10 March 1870 – 21 January 1938), was a Russian revolutionary, historian, bibliographer, Marxologist and archivist. He had been an old associate of Leon Trotsky. Riazanov founded the Marx–Engels Institute and edited the first large-scale effort to publish the collected works of these two founders of the modern socialist movement. Riazanov was a prominent victim of the Great Terror of the late 1930s.

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).
Comtex
Comtex News Network, Inc. is a distributor of news on the Internet, specializing in the business and financial market sectors. The company is a wholesaler of electronic real-time news and content gathered from thousands of sources, including national and international news bureaus, agencies and publications (including Business Wire, Dow Jones Newswires, The McClatchy Company, PR Newswire and United Press International).

Business Wire
Business Wire is an American company that disseminates full-text press releases from thousands of companies and organizations worldwide to news media, financial markets, disclosure systems, investors, information web sites, databases, bloggers, social networks and other audiences. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway.
United Opposition (India)
The United Opposition was an electoral alliance formed between various opposition parties in India ahead of the 2022 elections in India. The United Opposition was first proposed by the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee.

2022 elections in India
Elections in India in 2022 include election to the office of the President of India, vice president of India, by-elections to the Lok Sabha, elections to the Rajya Sabha, elections to state legislative assemblies of 7 (seven) states, by-elections to state legislative assemblies and numerous other elections and by-elections to state legislative councils and local bodies.
John Todd (businessman)
Sir John Desmond Todd KNZM (12 February 1927 – 29 July 2015) was a New Zealand businessman and philanthropist who was head of the Todd Corporation.

His was educated at Wellesley College of which he was dux in 1943 (at that time Wellesley College had a secondary department). He later completed a degree in accountancy and commerce at Victoria University of Wellington.

Todd was a Founding trustee of the Arts Foundation of New Zealand, and served as a trustee for the Royal New Zealand Ballet and the Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council.

In 2011, Todd was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame. He was made a Knight Companion of New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2012 New Year Honours, for services to business, having previously been appointed a Companion of New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2009 Queen's Birthday Honours.

New Zealand Business Hall of Fame
The New Zealand Business Hall of Fame is a figurative hall of fame dedicated to New Zealanders who have made a significant contribution to the economic and social development of New Zealand. The hall was established in 1994 by the Young Enterprise Trust. Laureates are selected by an independent panel and are inducted at an annual gala dinner.
Barbara Fontaine
Barbara Janet Fontaine (born 29 December 1953) is a British retired judge and solicitor. She served as Senior Master of the King's Bench Division from 2014 to 2023 and as the Queen's Remembrancer from 2014 to 2022 and as the King's Remembrancer from 2022 to 2023; she is the first woman and first solicitor to hold this ancient post.

She was an articled clerk at Bird & Bird from 1976 to 1978, and then worked as a solicitor at Hill Dickinson, Coward Chance and Baker McKenzie.

She retired from the position of King's Remembrancer on 1 September 2023.

Baker McKenzie
Baker McKenzie is a multinational law firm headquartered in Chicago. Founded in 1949 under the name Baker & McKenzie, it has 71 offices in 46 countries and employs 4,595 attorneys, making it one of the largest law firms by revenue and the largest US-based law firm by head count.
Timo Suslov
Timo Suslov (born 2 July 1981) is an Estonian politician and police officer. He is a member of XIV Riigikogu.

He was born in Tallinn. In 2004, he graduated from Estonian Academy of Security Sciences.

He ran for the Riigikogu in the 2023 elections, received 1033 votes in constituency No 4 (Harju and Raplamaa) and was elected.

His twin brother Tanel Suslov is a basketball official (referee).

Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (Estonian: [ˈriːkiˈkoku], from Estonian riigi-, "of the state", and kogu, "assembly") is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the prime minister and chief justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the president. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power.
Capital asset
A capital asset is defined as property of any kind held by an assessee. It need not be connected to the assesse’s business or profession. The term encompasses all kinds of property, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, fixed or circulating. Land and building, plant and machinery, motorcar, furniture, jewellery, route permits, goodwill, tenancy rights, patents, trademarks, shares, debentures, mutual funds, zero-coupon bonds are some examples of what is considered capital assets.

Share (finance)
A share (sometimes someone can refer to as stock or equity) is a unit of equity ownership in the capital stock of a corporation. It can refer to units of mutual funds, limited partnerships, and real estate investment trusts. Share capital refers to all of the shares of an enterprise. The owner of shares in a company is a shareholder (or stockholder) of the corporation. A share expresses the ownership relationship between the company and the shareholder. The denominated value of a share is its face value, and the total of the face value of issued shares represent the capital of a company, which may not reflect the market value of those shares.

The income received from the ownership of shares is a dividend. There are different types of shares such as equity shares, preference shares, deferred shares, redeemable shares, bonus shares, right shares, and employee stock option plan shares.
Petroleum pricing in Prince Edward Island
Petroleum pricing in Prince Edward Island is regulated by the
Prince Edward Island Regulatory and Appeals Commission, the regulatory arm of the Government of Prince Edward Island.  The commission is commonly shortened to the "Island Regulatory and Appeals Commission and is usually referred to by its acronym "IRAC".

Government of Prince Edward Island
The Government of Prince Edward Island is the provincial government of the province of Prince Edward Island.  Its powers and structure are set out in the Constitution Act, 1867.

In modern Canadian use, the term "government" referred broadly to the cabinet of the day (formally the Executive Council), chosen from the Legislative Assembly and the non-political staff within each provincial department or agency – that is, the civil service.

The Province of Prince Edward Island has a unicameral legislature, the General Assembly composed of the Lieutenant Governor and the Legislative Assembly, which operates in the framework of a Westminster-style parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The political party that wins the largest number of seats in its only chamber, the Legislative Assembly, normally forms the Government, and the party's leader becomes premier of the province, the head of government.
Bloomfield High School (New Jersey)
Bloomfield High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Bloomfield, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Bloomfield Public Schools. The school was established in 1871, with its current facility completed in 1911.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,055 students and 158.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.0:1. There were 885 students (43.1% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 148 (7.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Kim Il Sung Military University
Kim Il Sung Military University (also known as Kim Il Sung Military Academy) is a university located in Mangyongdae-guyok, Pyongyang, capital of North Korea. Founded in 1948 and named after Kim Il Sung, founder of North Korea, the school is a post-secondary educational institution for officers in the Korean People's Army. It is the most prominent military academy in North Korea.

The university's post-graduate research institute is named as Kim Jong-il Military Research Institute.

The current president of the university is not known.

Mangyongdae-guyok
Man'gyŏngdae-guyŏk or Man'gyŏngdae District (Korean: 만경대구역) is one of the 18 guyŏk (wards) that constitute P'yŏngyang, North Korea. It began as a village called Man'gyŏngdae-ri in South P'yŏngan Province before becoming a district of P'yŏngyang in September 1959. The area is surrounded by several hills, the highest one named Man'gyŏng Hill (Korean for 'Ten thousand views hill') because one can enjoy a bird's-eye view of the surrounding scenic landscape, and the village at its foot is called Man'gyŏngdae. Man'gyŏngdae was the birthplace of North Korean leader Kim Il Sung.

Man'gyŏngdae-guyŏk extends to the west past the Sunhwa River, to Kangso-gun. Kwangbok Street is a residential district of high rise apartments populated by members of the DPRK media and cultural institutions.
Simeon Stylites III
Simeon Stylites III was a pillar hermit bearing the same name as Simeon Stylites and Simeon Stylites the Younger.

He is honoured by both the Greek Orthodox Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church. He is hence believed to have lived in the fifth century before the breach which occurred between these Churches. However, very little certain is known of him. He is believed to have been struck by lightning upon his pillar, built near Hegca in Cilicia, in Turkey.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Henry Leavens
Henry Paoli Leavens (1836–1917) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1877 session. Other positions he held include village president and town chairman (positions similar to mayor), alderman, board of education (similar to school board) member and county supervisor. He was a Republican.

Leavens was born on June 4, 1836, in Berkshire, Vermont and died March 17, 1917, in Neenah, Wisconsin.

Neenah, Wisconsin
Neenah (/ˈniːnə/ NEE-nə) is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated on the banks of Lake Winnebago, Little Lake Butte des Morts, and the Fox River approximately 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Oshkosh and 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Green Bay. Neenah's population was 27,319 at the 2020 census.

Neenah is within the geographic boundaries of the Town of Neenah, but is politically independent. The city is the southwesternmost of the Fox Cities of northeast Wisconsin. It is a principal city of the Oshkosh–Neenah metropolitan statistical area, which consists of all of Winnebago County and had 171,730 residents in 2020. It is sometimes referred to as a twin city with Menasha, with which it shares Doty Island.
Fernando Moctezuma Pereda
Fernando Quetzalcóatl Moctezuma Pereda (born 9 April 1956) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

He has served as a federal deputy twice: in 2006–2009 and in 2015–2018, representing Hidalgo's fifth district on both occasions. He previously served as the municipal president of Tula de Allende from 1991 to 1992 and as a local deputy in the Congress of Hidalgo from 1993 to 1996 and 2002 to 2005.

LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 63rd session of the Congress of Mexico, was made up of senators and deputies that are members of their respective chambers. It convened on September 1, 2015, and concluded on August 31, 2018. It was succeeded by the LXIV Legislature in 2018.

Senators were elected to office in the 2012 election for a period of six years and therefore exercised their position also in the previous legislature; the deputies, elected in the 2015 election, only held office in the current legislature.
Higher Learning Vol. 2
Higher Learning Vol.2 is a mixtape by American hip hop recording artist Fashawn, released on February 16, 2011. The mixtape is hosted by DJ Ill Will and DJ Rockstar, and presented by XXL Magazine. It features 22 tracks with appearances by J. Cole, GOOD Music artist GLC, Tony Williams, Sam Hook, Gilbere Forte, and more.

The mixtape is particularly known for J. Cole's contributions, which included two vocal appearances and three production credits. Following the mixtape's release, Fashawn embarked on the Higher Learning Tour with Evidence and Del the Funky Homosapien.

On May 25, 2011, a music video was released for the song "Down That Road", featuring Sam Cooke and produced by Nemis. On June 22, 2011, a music video was released for the song "Big Dreams", produced by J. Cole.

The Wrldfms Tony Williams
Antony Von Williams, known professionally as the Wrldfms Tony Williams, is an American singer and songwriter. Born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Williams is the first cousin of American rapper Kanye West and has contributed vocals or songwriting to most of his albums, beginning with The College Dropout (2004).
Rosen, Burgas Province
Rosen (Bulgarian: Росен) is a village in Sozopol Municipality, in Burgas Province, in south-eastern Bulgaria. As of 2013 it has 1470 inhabitants.

The village is situated at the river Rosenska, a tributary to the Ropotamo, at the western foothills of Medni Rid Ridge, which is the north-eastern extreme of the Bosna Ridge in the Strandzha Mountains. It is located at about 22 km south of Burgas and 19 km of the municipal centre Sozopol on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast.

The vestiges of the medieval fortress of Krimna are situated at Bakarlaka peak in Medni Rid. In 1328 the Bulgarian emperor Michael Shishman and the Byzantine emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos signed an alliance treaty there. The first school in what is now Sozopol Municipality was established in Rosen in 1830. The Church of Saint George was constructed in 1882.

Sozopol Municipality
Sozopol Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Созопол, Obshtina Sozopol) is located in the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and borders  Burgas Municipality and Primorsko Municipality. The coast stretches 51 km of which 17.1 km are excellent beaches. There are many small bays and peninsulas as well as several isles. The climate is favourable for growing different crops such as grapes, apples, peaches, cherries, strawberries and others. Sozopol is the biggest fishing port of the country with two major plants processing fish. Tourism is now the most important industry with more than 50,000 beds in the territory of the municipality. As of 2006 the population is 13,401.
Gustaf Adolf Jonsson
Gustaf Adolf Jonsson (26 June 1879 – 30 April 1949) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed at the 1908, the 1912 and the 1920 Summer Olympics.

In 1908, he won the silver medal in the team free rifle event.

In the team military rifle event he finished fifth, and in the 300 metre free rifle competition he finished 15th.

Four years later, he won the gold medal as a member of the Swedish free rifle.

In the 300 metre free rifle, three positions event he finished eleventh, and in the 300 metre military rifle, three positions competition he finished 16th.

In 1920, he won the bronze medal as part of the Swedish 600 metre military rifle prone team.

In the 300 and 600 metre team military rifle, prone event he finished sixth. He also participated in the 300 metre military rifle, prone competition and in the 600 metre military rifle, prone event but his exact place is unknown.

Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre military rifle, three positions
The men's 300 metre military rifle from three positions (originally called individual competition with army rifle) was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1908. The competition was held on Monday, 1 July 1912.

Ninety-one sport shooters from twelve nations competed.