hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Baptiste Vermay
Jean-Baptiste Vermay (1786–1833) was a French-born Cuban painter, sculptor, caricaturist, educator, musician, and architect. He was the founding director of the Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro.

Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro
23°05′15″N 82°25′37″W﻿ / ﻿23.087472°N 82.426917°W﻿ / 23.087472; -82.426917

Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro, is the oldest and most prestigious fine arts school in Cuba. It is also known as Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes "San Alejandro", Academia San Alejandro, or San Alejandro Academy. The school is located in Marianao, a suburb of Havana, and was founded in 1818 at the Convent of San Alejandro.

It is located today in a monumental building built in the early 1940s.
Baldev Singh (Haryana politician)
Chaudhary Baldev Singh, Advocate (1889–1976) also known as Master Baldev Singh was an Indian politician, Freedom Fighter -  Member of Legislative Council (MLC) -  Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) - Pioneer of Education in Haryana-Founder of Jat Educational Societies in North India - Arya Samajist - Gandhian - Believer in Economic Upliftment

The Jat Association was founded under his aegis in Rohtak in 1913.

Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj (lit. 'Noble Society') is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Dayananda Saraswati founded the Samaj in the 1870s.

Arya Samaj was the first Hindu organisation to introduce proselytisation in Hinduism.
Chrysopelea ornata
Chrysopelea ornata (Thai:  งูเขียวพระอินทร์) is a species of mildly venomous opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) colubrid snake found in both South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is commonly known as the golden tree snake, ornate flying snake, and golden flying snake. Along with the other species in the genus Chrysopelea, the golden tree snake is unusual, as it is capable of a type of gliding "flight" (more of a controlled "throwing" or "falling") — mainly utilised during the pursuit of prey animals — from tree-to-tree. This action is also used to great effect for the snake to flee its own potential predators (such as birds or other reptiles). Currently, three subspecies are recognised. The snake's striking looks, and potential for gliding, have made it a coveted choice for captivity.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Randy Seiler
Randolph John Seiler  (July 1, 1946 – April 17, 2023) was an American attorney and veteran who was the chair of the Democratic Party of South Dakota from 2019 until his death in 2023. He previously served as the 41st United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota from 2015 to 2017. Seiler had been the Deputy United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota.

South Dakota Democratic Party
The South Dakota Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of South Dakota. The party currently has very weak electoral power in the state, controlling none of South Dakota's statewide or federal elected offices.

Important members in the history of the South Dakota Democratic Party include Dick Kneip, Jim Abourezk, George McGovern, Tom Daschle, Tim Johnson and Stephanie Herseth Sandlin.
Dabbevariki Chedu
Dabbevariki Chedu (transl. Money is Bitter to Whom?) is a 1987 Telugu-language comedy film, produced by S. Ramalingaraju under the Tarakanama Movies banner and directed by Relangi Narasimha Rao. It stars Rajendra Prasad, Chandra Mohan, Sarath Babu, Seetha and music composed by Saluri Vasu Rao. It was released on 1 January 1987. The film is the debut of actress Seetha in the Telugu film industry.

Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry (born Chembolu Seetharama Sastry; 20 May 1955 – 30 November 2021) was an Indian poet and lyricist known for his works in Telugu cinema and Telugu theatre. He acquired the stage name Sirivennela after writing the lyrics for the 1986 film of same name. Sastry has garnered several awards including eleven Nandi Awards and six Filmfare Awards South for his work the most by any south Indian lyricist. He had penned lyrics for over 3,000 songs until 2020. In 2019, he was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award in India, for his contributions to the field of arts and aesthetics.
United States half dollar mintage figures
Below are the mintage figures for the United States half dollar up to 1963, before the Kennedy half dollar design was introduced. For those, see:

The following mint marks indicate which mint the coin was made at (parentheses indicate a lack of a mint mark):

P = Philadelphia Mint

D = Denver Mint

S = San Francisco Mint

W = West Point Mint

O = New Orleans Mint

CC = Carson City Mint

Denver Mint
The Denver Mint is a branch of the United States Mint that struck its first coins on February 1, 1906. The mint is still operating and producing coins for circulation, as well as mint sets and commemorative coins. Coins produced at the Denver Mint bear a D mint mark (as did the Dahlonega Mint, which closed before the Denver branch opened). The Denver Mint is the single largest producer of coins in the world.
DBc
dBc (decibels relative to the carrier) is the power ratio of a signal to a carrier signal, expressed in decibels. For example, phase noise is expressed in dBc/Hz at a given frequency offset from the carrier. dBc can also be used as a measurement of Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) between the desired signal and unwanted spurious outputs resulting from the use of signal converters such as a digital-to-analog converter or a frequency mixer.

If the dBc figure is positive, then the relative signal strength is greater than the carrier signal strength.  If the dBc figure is negative, then the relative signal strength is less than carrier signal strength.

Although the decibel (dB) is permitted for use alongside SI units, the dBc is not.

Frequency mixer
In electronics, a mixer or frequency mixer is a circuit that outputs signals with new frequencies from two signals input to it. In its most common application, two signals are input and two signals are output, having frequencies equal to the sum and the difference of the original frequencies. Other frequency components may also be produced in a practical frequency mixer.

Mixers are widely used to shift signals from one frequency range to another, a process known as heterodyning, for convenience in transmission or further signal processing. For example, a key component of a superheterodyne receiver is a mixer used to move received signals to a common intermediate frequency. Frequency mixers are also used to modulate a carrier signal in radio transmitters.
Black-crowned barwing
The black-crowned barwing (Actinodura sodangorum) is a non-migratory bird from Indochina in the family Leiothrichidae (laughingthrushes and allies). The genus name Actinodura is from Ancient Greek meaning "ray-like tail" (actinodes and ura), while the specific epithet sodangorum is from the Xo Dang tribe which lives in Ngoc Linh and other areas in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos where black-crowned barwings are found.

Xo Dang people
The Sedang people (In Vietnamese: Xê Đăng or Xơ Đăng) are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They mainly inhabit the Kon Tum province, Quảng Nam province (Trà My and Phước Sơn districts), Quảng Ngãi province (Sơn Tây district). They are made up of five main groups: Xteng (Xơ Teng), Kayong, Halang (Hà Lăng), Monom and Todrah.

Religiously, they are largely animistic and Roman Catholic. Their language is part of North Bahnaric - a branch of the Mon–Khmer language family.

Halang are mixed-blood of Sedang and Jarai, influenced by Laos people. Nowadays, a small group of Halang live in Laos. Rongao (Rengao) are another mixed-blood of Sedang and Bahnar, but was categorized as a sub-group of Bahnar.: 266
Phillipps Peak
Phillipps Peak is located north of Crowsnest Pass and straddles the Continental Divide marking the Alberta-British Columbia border. It was named in 1915 after Michael Phillipps who in 1873 was the first white man to cross Crowsnest Pass. It is the lower west peak of Mount Tecumseh.

Crowsnest Pass
Crowsnest Pass (sometimes referred to as Crow's Nest Pass, French: col du Nid-de-Corbeau) is a low mountain pass across the Continental Divide of the Canadian Rockies on the Alberta–British Columbia border.
Absorption (pharmacology)
Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action.

The drug travels by some route of administration (oral, topical-dermal, etc.) in a chosen dosage form (e.g., tablets, capsules, or in solution). Absorption by some other routes, such as intravenous therapy, intramuscular injection, enteral nutrition, is even more straightforward and there is less variability in absorption and bioavailability is often near 100%. Intravascular administration does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug. The fastest route of absorption is inhalation.

Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since a drug must be absorbed before any medicinal effects can occur.  Moreover, the drug's pharmacokinetic profile can be easily and significantly changed by adjusting factors that affect absorption.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
The Girl Said No (1937 film)
The Girl Said No (aka With Words and Music) is a 1937 American musical comedy film produced by Andrew L. Stone and Edward L. Alperson for Grand National Pictures and directed by Andrew L. Stone. The screenplay was written by Betty Laidlaw, Robert Lively and Andrew L. Stone. The film stars Robert Armstrong, Irene Hervey and Paula Stone. It uses musical numbers from Gilbert and Sullivan operas, and the story is about a shady bookie who is in love with a greedy dance hall girl and schemes to get her back after she rejects him.  Along the way, he revives a failing Gilbert and Sullivan troupe.

Edward L. Alperson
Edward Lee Alperson (November 13, 1895 – July 3, 1969) was an American film producer who started Grand National Films Inc. and later released his productions through 20th Century Fox. He was the father of Edward L. Alperson Jr. (April 3, 1925 – October 31, 2006).
Georgios Ioannidis (boxer)
Georgios Ioannidis (born 17 August 1966) is a Greek boxer. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was the "inspiration, center, and core" of the Greek documentary "Boxer".

Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Middleweight
The men's middleweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1988 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 75 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 19 September to 1 October 1988. 33 boxers from 33 nations competed. Henry Maske won the gold medal.

Anthony Hembrick of the United States never had the opportunity to fight in the 1988 Olympics. Hembrick and his coach, Ken Adams, misinterpreted the fight schedule. Afterwards, they blamed the schedule for being too confusing. By the time Hembrick arrived at Chamshil Students' Gymnasium twelve minutes late, he had been disqualified and the match was being awarded to South Korean Ha Jong-ho.
Novoye Gadari
Novoye Gadari (Russian: Новое Гадари; Avar: Цӏияб Гъадари) is a rural locality (a selo) in Zubutli-Miatlinsky Selsoviet, Kizilyurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 798 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

Avar language
Avar (авар мацӏ, avar maⱬ [ʔaˈwar mat͡sʼː] or магӏарул мацӏ, maⱨarul maⱬ [maʕarul mat͡sʼː], 'language of the mountains'), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia.
Guape
Guape is a hamlet (Spanish: caserío) located at coast between Caleta Chaihuín and the port of Corral in Valdivia Province, southern Chile. In 2017 Guape had a population of 224 inhabitants up from 100 in 2002.

Valdivia Province
Valdivia Province (Spanish: Provincia de Valdivia; pronounced [balˈdiβja]) is one of two provinces of the southern Chilean region of Los Ríos (XIV). The provincial capital is Valdivia. Located in the province are two important rivers, the Calle-Calle / Valdivia River and the Cruces River. It is part of Northern Patagonia and its wild virgin forest embrace the Patagonian Cordillera following the river Calle Calle down to the Pacific Ocean. It is known in Patagonia by the term "Bosque Valdiviano", referring to the primitive forest of Valdivia with its native trees. These forests are present in some parts of Northern Patagonia, both in Chile and Argentina.
KolibriOS
KolibriOS is an open-source operating system for x86 computers, written completely in FASM assembly language. It has been developed since 2004, forked from MenuetOS, and supports i586 CPUs or newer. KolibriOS is small sized and fits on a single 3.5" floppy disk; despite this, it features a full graphical user interface, preemptive multitasking, networking capabilities, and many pieces of bundled software.

The name "Kolibri" is the Slavic word for hummingbird and symbolizes the operating system's tiny size and fast speed.

Video Electronics Standards Association
VESA (/ˈviːsə/), formally known as Video Electronics Standards Association, is an American technical standards organization for computer display standards. The organization was incorporated in California in July 1989 and has its office in San Jose. It claims a membership of over 300 companies.

In November 1988, NEC Home Electronics announced its creation of the association to develop and promote a Super VGA computer display standard as a successor to IBM's proprietary Video Graphics Array (VGA) display standard. Super VGA enabled graphics display resolutions up to 800×600 pixels, compared to VGA's maximum resolution of 640×480 pixels—a 56% increase.

The organization has since issued several additional standards related to computer video displays. Widely used VESA standards include DisplayHDR, DisplayPort, and Flat Display Mounting Interface.
Strangers (Kenya Grace song)
"Strangers" is a song by British-South African musician Kenya Grace. It was officially released as her major-label debut single on September 1, 2023 through Major Recordings, a dance label owned by Warner Records. It is the follow-up release to her prior viral single, "Meteor" (also in 2023). "Strangers" was Grace's breakthrough single, peaking at number one in Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, the United Kingdom and Ukraine, as well as topping both the Australian and American dance music charts. The track peaked at number two in Luxembourg, New Zealand, Russia, Slovakia and Switzerland, and was a top-five or top-ten hit in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Singapore, Sweden and the United Arab Emirates.

The work was nominated for the PRS for Music Most Performed Work Ivor Novello Award on Thursday May 23, 2024.

Hot Dance/Electronic Songs
Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (formerly Dance/Electronic Songs) is a record chart that has been published weekly by Billboard since January 2013. It is their first chart to be published that ranks the most popular dance and electronic songs according to audience impressions, digital downloads, and streaming and it was introduced following an increase in the genre's popularity in the United States. The chart originally included reported club play.

The first number-one song on the chart, for the issue dated January 26, 2013, was "Scream & Shout" by will.i.am and Britney Spears. The chart's current number one as of the issue dated February 28, 2026, is "Dracula" by Tame Impala.
Kreutzer Quartet
The Kreutzer Quartet is a British string quartet.

With their selected programs they have given concerts in Italy, Germany, France, Holland, Serbia, Montenegro, Sardinia, the United States, Spain, Cyprus, Poland and Lithuania.

A further focus is the critical examination of not only recordings of classical works, but above all of contemporary string quartets by Robert Gerhard, Michael Finnissy, Harrison Birtwistle, Gloria Coates, Michael Tippett and Hafliði Hallgrímsson. There exist recordings on the labels Metier, Naxos, NMC Recordings, Chandos, Guild and New Focus.

Roberto Gerhard
Robert Gerhard i Ottenwaelder (Catalan pronunciation: [ruˈβɛɾd ʒəˈɾaɾt]; 25 September 1896 – 5 January 1970) was a Spanish and British composer, musical scholar, and writer, generally known outside his native region of Catalonia as Roberto Gerhard.
Zaigham Zaidi
Syed Zaigham Hussain Zaidi was a Pakistani photographer. He made his mark working with the Daily Jang in Rawalpindi and later with the Pakistan Times and daily Musawat. He was also the personal photographer of the late Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Benazir Bhutto when they held the office of prime minister.

He migrated to Pakistan in 1947 from his home town of Muzaffarnagar in India's Uttar Pradesh state.

Zaidi was given the President's Pride of Performance award in 1991 for his contribution to the profession of photojournalism. Some of his best pictures related to the period of President Ayub Khan, Pakistan's 1965 war with India, the 1970 elections, Mr Bhutto's tenure as prime minister, the 1972 Shimla peace accord between Pakistan and India and the 1974 Islamic summit conference held in Lahore.

An exhibition of his photographs was organised in 2003 by the Pakistan National Council of the Arts.

The Pakistan Times
The Pakistan Times (1947–1996) was a Pakistani newspaper, established by Mian Itikharuddin and Faiz Ahmed Faiz through the leftist Progressive Papers Limited. Its headquarters was in Lahore, Pakistan. Later, it started another edition from Rawalpindi. The Rawalpindi edition was later shifted to Islamabad.
Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project
The Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project is an initiative of the Indian Government to provide safeguards to the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo leo) from extinction in the wild by means of reintroduction. The last wild population of the Asiatic lion is found in the region of Gir Forest National Park, in the state of Gujarat. The single population faces the threats of epidemics, natural disasters and other anthropogenic factors. The project aims to establish a second independent population of Asiatic lions at the Kuno National Park in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. However, the proposed translocation has been resisted by the Gujarat state government.

Barda Wildlife Sanctuary
Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Gujarat, India. It is situated approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) from Ranavav, 49 kilometres (30 mi) from Porbandar and 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Gir Forest National Park. Previous to its 1979 establishment as a wildlife sanctuary, Barda was a private reserve for Porbandar and Jamnagar. Approximately 4,00,000 people live in Barda.
Minotaur II
Minotaur II rockets consist of the M55A1 first stage and SR19AJ1 second stage of a decommissioned Minuteman missile. The third stage varies depending on the configuration required for the payload: a Minuteman II M57A1 stage is used on the baseline configuration, whilst the Minotaur II+ uses an SR-73-AJ. The Minotaur II Lite is a two-stage configuration, without a third stage. A heavy configuration is also available, with an Orion 50XL third stage, as used on the Minotaur I. The baseline configuration can propel a 400 kilograms (880 lb) payload 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) downrange, whilst the heavy configuration can place 1,400 kilograms (3,100 lb) onto an 8,000-kilometre (5,000 mi) trajectory.

Nine Minotaur II rockets have been launched as of July 2022, with six flights using the baseline configuration and three using the Minotaur II+ configuration. Launches are conducted from Launch Facility 06 (LF-06) and Test Pad 01 (TP-01).

Vandenberg Launch Facility 6
Vandenberg Space Force Base Launch Facility 06 (LF-06) is a former US Air Force Intercontinental ballistic missile launch facility on Vandenberg SFB, California, USA. It was a launch site for the land-based LGM-30 Minuteman missile series.
Pont Grandchamp
The Pont Grandchamp is a covered bridge that crosses the Rivière Bayonne at Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier, Quebec, Canada.

The wooden trusses are of the type Town québécois, a variant on the lattice truss patented by Ithiel Town in 1820. About 500 similar bridges were built in Quebec in the first half of the 1900s.

Built in 1918, it is named after local farmer and industrialist, Arthur Cornellier dit Grandchamp, who in 1885 had supervised the construction of an earlier bridge at the site.

By 1977 The Pont Grandchamp was in need of repair and was closed to vehicular traffic. Later, local riverside residents organized themselves and restored the bridge, and it was reopened in 1996. Since then it has had renovations financed the local municipality and by Hydro Quebec.

It is the last remaining covered bridge still in operation in Lanaudière, and was declared a municipal historic site in 2018.

Lanaudière
Lanaudière (French pronunciation: [lanodjɛʁ], locally [lanod͡zjaɛ̯ʁ]) is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. It has a total population (2016 Census) of 494,796 inhabitants, an increase of 4.9% over the 2011 census.
Płotkowo
Płotkowo [pwɔtˈkɔvɔ] (German: Fischersfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogard, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Nowogard, 21 km (13 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and 42 km (26 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see history of Pomerania.

Goleniów County
Goleniów County (Polish: powiat goleniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Goleniów, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Nowogard, lying 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and Maszewo, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Goleniów.

The county covers an area of 1,616.99 square kilometres (624.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,738, out of which the population of Goleniów is 22,448, that of Nowogard is 16,745, that of Maszewo is 3,073, and the rural population is 36,472.