hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Midge Gillies
Midge Gillies (b. 1962) is a British journalist, biographer and creative writing tutor.

She was educated at Girton College, Cambridge. She has written extensively for newspapers including The Guardian and the Los Angeles Times. She is the author of seven books, including biographies of the British music hall star Marie Lloyd and the pioneer woman aviator Amy Johnson. Nicholas Lezard reviewed The Barbed-Wire University in The Guardian, calling it "a moving and eye-opening account of the lives of second world war [sic] PoWs by the daughter of a man who was captured."
She was Royal Literary Fund Fellow at Magdalene College, Cambridge for three years, and is currently Academic Director for Creative Writing at the University of Cambridge Institute of Continuing Education.

Gillies is married to author and journalist Jim Kelly and lives in Ely.

Amy Johnson
Amy Johnson CBE (born 1 July 1903 – disappeared 5 January 1941) was a pioneering English pilot who was the first woman to fly solo from London to Australia.

Flying solo or with her husband, Jim Mollison, she set many long-distance records during the 1930s. In 1933, Katharine Hepburn's character in the film Christopher Strong was inspired by Johnson. She flew in the Second World War as a part of the Air Transport Auxiliary. Her aircraft crashed into the Thames Estuary: she died after bailing out. Because her body was never recovered, the precise cause of her death—drowning, hypothermia or being pulled into a warship's moving propellers, is unknown and has been a subject of discussion since the possibility of friendly fire was raised in 1999.
Andy Speak
Andy Speak (born 21 January 1980) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level for Stanley Rangers ARLFC, Leeds Rhinos, Sheffield Eagles, Halifax, Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, Castleford Tigers, Dewsbury Rams, Doncaster (two spells), and the Batley Bulldogs, as a hooker.

Stanley Rangers
Stanley Rangers (founded 1919) is an amateur rugby league club situated in the village of Stanley near Wakefield. They are in Division One of the National Conference League.
Players range from 8-years old and receive training in all aspects of the sport. Many younger players have attended Paul Sculthorpe's training camps.
Nicolae Esinencu
Nicolae Esinencu (13 August 1940 – 25 April 2016) was a Moldovan poet, screenwriter and writer. He was born in Chiţcani, in the Teleneşti district of Moldova, which was then part of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Esinencu attended the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow between 1971 and 1975, then his first writing credit was for co-writing the screenplay for Vlad Ioviță's 1975 film Calul, pușca și nevasta. The two then collaborated on other projects. In 2010, friends organised a celebration for his seventieth birthday and true to his reputation as a "terrible child" he did not turn up. He was a member of the Moldovan Writers' Union and the Writers' Union of Romania. He died on April 25, 2016.

Telenești
Telenești (Romanian pronunciation: [teleˈneʃtʲ]) is a city in Moldova, located 91 kilometres to the north of the capital city, Chișinău. Telenești is the administrative center of the eponymous district. Three villages are administered by the city: Mihălașa, Mihălașa Nouă and Izvoraș. As of 2004, it had a population of 6,855, 89 percent of whom were Moldovan.
Cucurella
Cucurella is a Catalan surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ana E. Cucurella-Adorno, Puerto Rican academic

Marc Cucurella (born 1998), Spanish footballer

Margarita Boladeras i Cucurella (born 1945), Spanish philosopher and academic

Margarita Boladeras i Cucurella
Margarita Boladeras i Cucurella (born 19 August 1945) is a professor emeritus of Moral and Political Philosophy at the University of Barcelona. She is known for her important contributions in the fields of philosophy, ethics and bioethics.
Dorimachus
Dorimachus (Ancient Greek: Δωρίμαχος), surnamed Trichonius by Polybius, was an Aetolian general and legislator who took an active part in the Social War (220–217 BC).

He was son of Nicostratus, and was born in ancient Trichonion in Aetolia, on the shores of what is now Lake Trichonida.
In 219 BC, he was responsible for destroying the Sanctuary of Dodona. The ancient historian Polybius frequently mentions Dorimachus in his works.

Dorimachus is also referred to in a decree of the Delphic Amphictyony as a hieromnemon, a representative of the Aetolian League. In the modern city of Agrinio, there has been a street named after Dorimachus since 1920.

Trichonium
Trichonium or Trichonion (Ancient Greek: Τριχώνιον) was a town of ancient Aetolia, from which Lake Trichonis derived its name. William Martin Leake identified its location in the 19th century south of the lake at a place called Gavala (Gavalou). Strabo mentions Trichonium along with Stratus as situated in a fertile plain. It was evidently a place of importance, and several natives of this town are mentioned in history.

Its site is located near the modern Gavalou.
Fernique's theorem
Fernique's theorem is a result about Gaussian measures on Banach spaces. It extends the finite-dimensional result that a Gaussian random variable has exponential tails. The result was proved in 1970 by Xavier Fernique.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
Virginia State Route 57
State Route 57 (SR 57) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 88.70 miles (142.75 km) from SR 8 near Woolwine east to SR 360 near Halifax.  SR 57 connects the independent city of Martinsville with Chatham and Halifax, the county seats of Pittsylvania and Halifax counties, respectively.  The state highway also connects the city to Fairy Stone State Park.

Chatham, Virginia
Chatham is a town in and county seat of  Pittsylvania County, Virginia, United States. Chatham's population was 1,232 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Danville, Virginia metropolitan area. The town was originally called Competition, but the name was changed to Chatham by the Virginia General Assembly on May 1, 1852.

Chatham is home to Chatham High School, Hargrave Military Academy, and Chatham Hall, an all-female boarding high school.
Cindy L. Ehlers
Cindy L. Ehlers (born 1951) is an American neuroscientist and professor in the Department of Neuroscience at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. She is recognized for her research on the genetic and environmental factors influencing the risk of depression and alcoholism, with a particular focus on mental health in minority populations, including American Indian and Mexican American communities. Ehlers has also contributed to the fields of neuroendocrinology and epilepsy and has authored over 300 peer-reviewed and cited publications.

Scripps Research
Scripps Research is a nonprofit American medical research facility that focuses on research and education in the biomedical sciences. Headquartered in San Diego, California, the institute has over 170 laboratories employing 2,100 scientists, technicians, graduate students, and administrative and other staff.

The institute holds over 1,100 patents, has produced 11 FDA-approved therapeutics, and has generated over 50 spin-off companies. The Scripps Research graduate program is ranked 9th nationally in the biological sciences, 6th for organic chemistry, and 6th for biochemistry.

In 2022, their Jupiter, Florida, campus became a part of the University of Florida. Jupiter-based graduate students remain part of the Scripps Research graduate program.
Philips Point (Sonora)
Philips Point was a promontory on the north east bank of the Colorado River in the Mexican state of Sonora that marked the mouth of the tidal estuary of the Colorado River in the later 19th century.

"Philips Point may be regarded as the head of deep-water navigation in the Colorado River. At Philips Point spring tides rise 25 to 30 feet, and neap tides from 16 to 20 feet. At a short distance above Philips Point, the spring tide comes in with a bore or bank of water 4 feet high, extending in one huge breaker clear across the river, while the ebb is still running out. The influence of the tide in the Colorado River is felt for about 40 miles up the river, a few miles above Heintzelman's Point.": 130

Promontory
A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the softer rock to the sides of it, or are the high ground that remains between two river valleys where they form a confluence. One type of promontory is a headland, or head.
Induction regulator
An induction regulator is an alternating current electrical machine, somewhat similar to an induction motor, which can provide a continuously variable output voltage. The induction regulator was an early device used to control the voltage of electric networks. Since the 1930s it has been replaced in distribution network applications by the tap transformer.  Its usage is now mostly confined to electrical laboratories, electrochemical processes and arc welding. With minor variations, its setup can be used as a phase-shifting power transformer.

Worm drive
A worm drive is a gear arrangement in which a worm (which is a gear in the form of a screw) meshes with a worm wheel (which is similar in appearance to a spur gear). Its main purpose is to translate the motion of two perpendicular axes or to translate circular motion to linear motion (example: band type hose clamp).The two elements are also called the worm screw and worm gear. The terminology is often confused by imprecise use of the term worm gear to refer to the worm, the worm wheel, or the worm drive as a unit.

The worm drive or "endless screw" was invented by either Archytas of Tarentum, Apollonius of Perga, or Archimedes, the last one being the most probable author. The worm drive later appeared in the Indian subcontinent, for use in roller cotton gins, during the Delhi Sultanate in the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries.
Alfonsów, Łask County
Alfonsów [alˈfɔnsuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzierady, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Wodzierady, 16 km (10 mi) north of Łask, and 23 km (14 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łask County
Łask County (Polish: powiat łaski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łask, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 617.38 square kilometres (238.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,874, out of which the population of Łask is 18,684 and the rural population is 32,190.
Kandola Khurd
Kandola Khurd is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 10.4 km away from Nurmahal, 14 km from Phillaur, 35.4 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 124 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch, who is an elected representative.

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Deaths in December 2012
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2012.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Dunagan
Dunagan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Deanna Dunagan (born 1940), American actress

Donnie Dunagan (born 1934), American former child actor

Kern W. Dunagan (1934–1991), American military officer

Sandra Deal (née Dunagan), wife of Georgia governor Nathan Deal

Donnie Dunagan
Donald Roan Dunagan (born August 16, 1934) is an American actor and retired U.S. Marine Corps major. He is best known for portraying the young son of Baron Frankenstein in Son of Frankenstein (1939) and for providing the voice of young Bambi in Bambi (1942). In 2025, Dunagan returned to acting after an 80-year hiatus for the upcoming Sub Rosa.
Abu'l Abbas Ahmad of Morocco
Mulay Ahmed Dehbi (Arabic: أحمد الذهبي بن إسماعيل) (also spelt Moulay Ahmad ad Dahabi), known fully as 'Abul Abbas Mulay Ahmad ud-Dhahabi bin Ismail as-Samin (1677 – 5 March 1729), was the Sultan of Morocco in 1727–1728 and 1728–1729.

He was born at Meknes in 1677, as a son of Ismail Ibn Sharif. Between 1699 and 1700 he was the Khalifa of Tadla. He ascended the throne on 22 March 1727, after his father's death.

He was deposed in 1728 by Abdalmalik of Morocco, yet he was restored briefly afterwards at Oued Beht. He was deposed once more, on the day of his death on 5 March 1729 at Meknes. He was succeeded by his half-brother Abdallah of Morocco.

Baht River
The Baht River is a watercourse in Morocco that is a tributary to the Sebou River. Also known as the Oued Beht, this river rises in the Middle Atlas mountain range.
The Baht is impounded by the El Kansera irrigation dam about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Sidi Slimane.
Archery at the 1999 Pan American Games
Archery at the 1999 Pan American Games was held from August 4 to 8, 1999. The events took place at a temporary site at Assiniboine Park in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Just like in the Olympics, the archery competition will be held using the recurve bow.

Archery at the Summer Olympics
Archery had its debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics and has been contested in 18 Olympics. 105 nations have competed in the Olympic archery events, with France appearing the most often at 15 times. The most noticeable trend has been the excellence of South Korean archers, who have won 32 out of 44 gold medals in archery events since 1984. Olympic archery is governed by the World Archery Federation (WA; formerly FITA). Recurve archery is the only discipline of archery featured at the Olympic Games. Archery is also an event at the Summer Paralympics.
Manthe Ribane
Manthe Ribane is an artist, performer, and musician based in South Africa and the Creative Director at 113 Studios. OkayAfrica described her as a "master of Afrofuturism" in her style and aesthetic.

Dazed wrote that, of the many performance mediums for which Ribane is known, her dance was her "most imaginative and magnetic". Well-known in South Africa's dance scene, she has mastered styles including pantsula, crumping, and voguing. She danced for Die Antwoord on tour. In 2019, she choreographed La Maison Noir: The Gift And The Curse, a visual novel by Petite Noir.

As a musician, Ribane has collaborated with rapper Spoek Mathambo. With Hyperdub producer Okzharp, she released a gqom EP in 2016 and a debut R&B-influenced album, Closer Apart, in 2018.

Krumping
Krumping is a type of dance culture that evolved through African-American street dancing popularized in the United States during the early 2000s, characterized by free, expressive, exaggerated, and highly energetic movement. The people who originated krumping saw the dance as a means for them to escape gang life.
David Lindley (badminton)
David Lindley (born 23 April 1979) is an English badminton player and coach.  The right-handler, Lindley started playing badminton at aged six, and in the junior event, he becoming boys' doubles U-19 national champion in 1997 and 1998. Lindley junior also won the mixed doubles bronze medal at the 1997 European Junior Championships in Nymburk, Czech Republic.

In the international event, he won double title at the 2000 Scottish and Iceland International, and at the 2006 Slovak International tournaments in the men's and mixed doubles event. In the national event, Lindley who represented Nottinghamshire, was the men's doubles finalist at the national championships in 2004 partnered with Kristian Roebuck, 2006 with Simon Archer, 2007 with Chris Langridge, and in 2008 with Richard Eidestedt, Now he work as assistant pathway coach at the England national badminton team.

Nymburk
Nymburk (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnɪmburk]; German: Nimburg, Neuenburg an der Elbe) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the Elbe River. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Phoenix loureiroi
Phoenix loureiroi (commonly known as the mountain date palm, vuyavuy palm, or voyavoy palm,) is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, indigenous to southern Asia, from the Philippines, Taiwan, India, southern Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Pakistan, and China. It occurs in deciduous and evergreen forests and in clear terrain from sea level to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) altitude.

Phoenix loureiroi is named after João de Loureiro; it was originally written by Kunth as "loureirii", but this is an error to be corrected to loureiroi under the provisions of the ICBN.

Error
An error (from the Latin errāre, meaning 'to wander') is an inaccurate or incorrect action, thought, or judgement.

In statistics, "error" refers to the difference between the value which has been computed and the correct value. An error could result in failure or in a deviation from the intended performance or behavior.
Municipalities of Puducherry
The municipalities of Puducherry include five administrative municipalities in the Union Territory of Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry), India. The territory had French system of municipal administration from 1880 through 1968, when it was reformed.

Yanam
Yanam (Telugu: [jaːnaːw̃]) (previously Yanaon, (French: [janaɔ̃])) is a town located in the Yanam district in Puducherry, India. It has a population of 35,000 and is entirely surrounded by Andhra Pradesh. It was formerly a French colony for nearly 200 years, and, though united with India in 1954, is still sometimes known as "French Yanam". It possesses a blend of French culture and the Telugu culture, nicknamed Frelugu. During French rule, the Tuesday market (Marché du mardi or Maṃgaḷavaram Saṃta) at Yanam was popular among the Telugu people in the Madras Presidency, who visited Yanam to buy foreign and smuggled goods during Yanam People's Festival held in January.
Martigny-Bourg railway station
Martigny-Bourg railway station (French: Gare de Martigny-Bourg) is a railway station in the municipality of Martigny, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is an intermediate stop and a request stop on the standard gauge Martigny–Orsières line of Transports de Martigny et Régions.

Transports de Martigny et Régions
The Transports de Martigny et Régions (TMR) company in the Valais canton of Switzerland operates bus and coach services and two electric railway lines:

Martigny–Châtelard Railway (MC), 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge, with the Mont-Blanc Express

Martigny–Orsières Railway, 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge, with the Saint-Bernard Express

The company is the result of merging Martigny–Orsières Railway (MO) and the Martigny–Châtelard Railway (MC)
in 2001 with the official date 2000-01-01 to form the Transports de Martigny et Régions.

RegionAlps is a joint venture between TMR and Swiss Federal Railways.
Joseph Wright (American painter)
Joseph Wright (July 16, 1756 – September 13, 1793) was an American painter and sculptor. He painted life portraits of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, and was a designer of early U.S. coinage. Wright had been Washington's original choice for Chief Engraver of the United States Mint, but died he at age 37 before being confirmed to that position by the United States Congress. Wright is often confused with his contemporary, the English painter Joseph Wright of Derby.

Joseph Wright of Derby
Joseph Wright ARA (3 September 1734 – 29 August 1797), styled Joseph Wright of Derby, was an English painter who specialised in portrait painting and landscape art. He has been acclaimed as "the first professional painter to express the spirit of the Industrial Revolution".

Wright is notable for his use of tenebrism, an exaggerated form of the better known chiaroscuro effect, which emphasizes the contrast of light and dark, and for his paintings of candle-lit subjects. His paintings of the birth of science out of alchemy, often based on the meetings of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, a group of scientists and industrialists living in the English Midlands, are a significant record of the struggle of science against religious values in the period known as the Age of Enlightenment.

Many of Wright's paintings and drawings are owned by Derby City Council, and are on display at the Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
Timeline of the British Army 1900–1999
The Time line of the British Army 1900–1999 lists the conflicts and wars the British Army were involved in.

Boxer Rebellion ended 1901

Anglo-Aro War 1901–1902

Second Boer War ended 1902

World War I 1914–1918

Easter Rising 1916

Third Afghan War 1919

Irish War of Independence 1919–1921

World War II 1939–1945

Greek civil war 1946-47

Malayan Emergency 1948–1960

Korean War 1950–1953

Mau Mau Uprising 1952–1960

Cypriot Independence 1955–1959

Suez Crisis 1956–1957

Brunei Revolt 1962–1966

Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 1962-1966

Dhofar Rebellion 1962–1975

Aden Emergency 1963–1967

The Troubles 1968–1998

Operation Banner 1969–2007

Falklands War 1982

Gulf War 1990–1991

Yugoslav wars 1991–2001

Bosnian War 1992–1995

Kosovo War 1998–1999

EOKA
The Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (EOKA /eɪˈoʊkə/; Greek: Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, lit. 'National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters') was a Greek Cypriot nationalist guerrilla organization that fought a campaign for the end of British rule in Cyprus, and for eventual union with Greece.