hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude Forget
Claude E. Forget, OC (born May 28, 1936) is a Canadian economist and former politician.

Born in Montreal, Quebec, Forget holds a master's degree in public finances from the London School of Economics as well as a bachelor's degree in economics. He was also admitted to the Barreau du Québec in 1959. He was a teacher in economics at the Université du Québec à Montréal for three years.

In 1973, he was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec from the riding of Saint-Laurent. A Liberal, he was the Minister of Social Affairs from 1973 to 1976  in the cabinet of Robert Bourassa. He was re-elected in 1976 and 1981. He resigned on November 17, 1981.

In 1984, he was appointed chairman of the Commission of Inquiry on Unemployment Insurance.

In 1991, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

Has been quoted as saying, "Our political system itself reaches a position of equilibrium by generating such dysfunctional incentives."

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
HMS Oberon (1916)
HMS Oberon was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer which served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. The vessel was launched in 1916 and joined the Grand Fleet. Oberon joined the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla which, in 1917, participated in a large anti-submarine warfare operation in the North Sea. The sortie led to three German submarines being sunk, although Oberon was not directly involved in these attacks. In 1918, the flotilla was involved in one of the final sorties of the Grand Fleet, but again the destroyer saw no action at the time. After the Armistice that marked the end of the First World War, Oberon was placed in reserve, decommissioned and, in 1921, sold to be broken up.

Sortie
A sortie (from the French word meaning exit, from Latin root surgere meaning to "rise up") is a deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft, ship, or troops, from a strongpoint. The term originated in siege warfare.
HM Customs and Excise
HM Customs and Excise (HMCE, properly known as Her Majesty's Customs and Excise at the time of its dissolution in 2005) was a department of the British Government formed in 1909 by the merger of HM Customs and HM Excise; its primary responsibility was the collection of customs duties, excise duties, and other indirect taxes.

Payments of customs dues have occurred in Britain for over one thousand years, and HMCE was formed from predecessor bodies with a long history.

With effect from 18 April 2005, HMCE merged with the Inland Revenue (which administered and collected direct taxes) to form a new department: HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).

Duty (tax)
In economics, a duty is a target-specific form of tax levied by a state or other political entity. It is often associated with customs, in which context they are also known as tariffs or dues. The term is often used to describe a tax on certain items purchased abroad.

A duty is levied on specific commodities, financial transactions, estates, etc. rather than being a direct imposition on individuals or corporations such income or property taxes.  Examples include customs duty, excise duty, stamp duty, estate duty, and gift duty.
Maximum-entropy Markov model
In statistics, a maximum-entropy Markov model (MEMM), or conditional Markov model (CMM), is a graphical model for sequence labeling that combines features of hidden Markov models (HMMs) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models. An MEMM is a discriminative model that extends a standard maximum entropy classifier by assuming that the unknown values to be learnt are connected in a Markov chain rather than being conditionally independent of each other. MEMMs find applications in natural language processing, specifically in part-of-speech tagging and information extraction.

Graphical model
A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model (PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables. Graphical models are commonly used in probability theory, statistics—particularly Bayesian statistics—and machine learning.
Ramani (surname)
Ramani (Hindi: रमानी) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Balabhadrapatruni Ramani (1965), Indian litterateur, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, dialogue writer, and film critic

Giuseppe Ramani (1922–1973), Italian rower

K. Ramani (1916–2006), Indian politician

P. S. Ramani (1938), Indian neurosurgeon and writer

Priya Ramani, Indian journalist, writer, and editor

Radhakrishna Ramani (1901–1970), Malaysian lawyer

Raja V. Ramani, Indian-American scientist

Roja Ramani (born 1959), Indian actress

Sheila Ramani (1932–2015), Indian film actress

Raja V. Ramani
Raja V. Ramani is an Indian-American scientist and Professor of Mining Engineering.  He is best known for improvements in the health and safety of miners through a better understanding of the nature and control of airborne particulates.
Stony Brook Seawolves women's basketball
The Stony Brook Seawolves women’s basketball team is the college basketball program representing Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York. The Seawolves currently participate as part of the NCAA Division I basketball, and compete in the Coastal Athletic Association. The Seawolves currently play their home games in the Island Federal Credit Union Arena.

Stony Brook reached the NCAA tournament for the first time in 2021, a year after the team's 28–3 season ended prematurely with the cancelation of the America East Championship and NCAA Tournament due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Stony Brook, New York
Stony Brook is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York, United States, on the North Shore of Long Island. Begun in the colonial era as an agricultural enclave, the hamlet experienced growth first as a resort town and then to its current state as one of Long Island's major tourist towns and centers of education. Despite being referred to as a village by residents and tourists alike, Stony Brook has never been legally incorporated by the state. The population was 13,740 at the 2010 census.

The CDP is adjacent to the main campus of Stony Brook University, the largest public university in New York by area, and also The Stony Brook School, a private college preparatory school. It is also home to the Long Island Museum of American Art, History, and Carriages and the Stony Brook Village Center, a privately maintained commercial center planned in the style of a traditional New England village.
Lomax, Indiana
Lomax is an unincorporated community in Railroad Township, Starke County, Indiana.

In 1882, the Chicago and Atlantic Railway constructed its line from Columbus, Ohio, to Chicago, Illinois.: 255 : 15  The railroad constructed a depot and named it Lomax Station.: 314  Several communities, including Lomax, grew up at its stops.: 314

The Standard Oil Company built a steam-powered pumping station for a pipeline, running alongside the tracks, connecting an oilfield in Ohio to a refinery in Whiting, Indiana.: 307, 314  The pumping station "consisted of five brick buildings, a boiler house, pump house, gate/valve house, telegraph office and a dormitory.": 314  The pumping station was demolished in 1933.: 33

There was a one-room schoolhouse c. 1912.: 307, 314

Chicago and Atlantic Railway
The Chicago and Atlantic Railway, later the Chicago and Erie Railroad, was a railway in the United States which existed from 1871 to 1941, and was an important connection between the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area and Chicago, Illinois.

The railway was formed in 1871 as the Chicago, Continental and Baltimore Railway, and renamed to the Chicago and Atlantic Railway in 1873. The western terminus was in the Chicago suburb of Hammond, Indiana, while the eastern terminus was at Marion, Ohio. The road suffered financial difficulties (particularly after a collision in 1887 outside Kouts, Indiana, which killed 10 people), and went through several internal reorganizations and name changes. It went through bankruptcy in 1890, and emerged as the Chicago and Erie Railroad with John G. McCullough as its president.

In 1895, the road was purchased by the Erie Railroad, but retained its name and identity until it was consolidated in 1941.
Tomas Alfredson
Hans Christian Tomas Alfredson (born 1 April 1965) is a Swedish film director who is best known internationally for directing the 2008 vampire film Let the Right One In and 2011 espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy. Alfredson has received the Guldbagge award for Best Direction twice; in 2005 for Four Shades of Brown, and in 2008 for Let the Right One In.

He is the son of director and actor Hans Alfredson and the brother of director Daniel Alfredson.

John Ajvide Lindqvist
John Ajvide Lindqvist (Swedish pronunciation: [jɔn ˈâjvɪdɛ ˈlɪ̂ŋːkvɪst]; born 2 December 1968) is a Swedish writer of horror novels and short stories. He is the husband of author Mia Ajvide and the father of author Fritiof Ajvide.
John Taylor (basketball)
John Taylor (born December 25, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for Pioneros de Los Mochis. He played college basketball at Fresno Pacific where he led the NCAA Division II in scoring his junior year before declaring for the 2013 NBA draft.

Fresno Pacific University
Fresno Pacific University (FPU) is a private Christian university in Fresno, California, United States. It was founded as the Pacific Bible Institute in 1944 by the Pacific District Conference of U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches. The university awarded its first Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965. The first master's degree program was introduced in 1975.
July–August 1990 Bulgarian presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Bulgaria in July and August 1990. A new president and vice president were elected by members of the Grand National Assembly following the resignation of president Petar Mladenov on 20 July 1990 less than four months after he was elected in April. Voting took place over six rounds, with no candidate able to achieve a two-thirds majority until the sixth and final round when Zhelyu Zhelev was the sole candidate.

Petar Mladenov
Petar Toshev Mladenov (Bulgarian: Петър Тошев Младенов; 22 August 1936 – 31 May 2000) was a Bulgarian communist diplomat and politician. He was the last leader of the Bulgarian People's Republic from 1989 to 1990, and briefly the first President of the Bulgarian Republic in 1990.
Le Kov
Le Kov ("a place of memory" in Cornish) is the second studio album by Welsh-Cornish singer-songwriter Gwenno. It was released on 2 March 2018 on Heavenly Recordings. The first single from the album is "Tir Ha Mor (Land and Sea)". Heavenly Recordings claim Gwenno felt a duty to make her second album entirely in Cornish as a record of the living language.

The songs on Le Kov are written and composed by Gwenno Saunders with help from Rhys Edwards, and features guest vocalist Gruff Rhys on the song "Daromres Y'n Howl". The album also features drum engineering by Gorwel Owen, who has produced albums by both Rhys and his band Super Furry Animals .

Gruff Rhys
Gruffudd Maredudd Bowen Rhys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡrɨ̞fɨ̞ð maˈrɛdɨ̞ð ˈbowɛn ˈr̥ɨːs]; born 18 July 1970) is a Welsh musician, composer, producer, filmmaker and author. He performs solo and with several bands, including Super Furry Animals, which obtained mainstream success in the 1990s. He formed the electro-pop outfit Neon Neon with Boom Bip. Their album Stainless Style was nominated for the 2008 Nationwide Mercury Prize. He won the 2011 Welsh Music Prize for his album Hotel Shampoo, which was followed up by American Interior in 2014, accompanied by a film, a book and a mobile app. His most recent album, Dim Probs, was released in 2025. He is considered a figurehead of the era known as Cool Cymru.
Janet Blair (singer-songwriter)
Janet Blair is an independent pop/Christian singer-songwriter from New Mexico. Originally trained as a classical oboist at the University of Maryland, Blair played with multiple ensembles, including the Georgetown Quintet and All Points West, including some experimental/modern work. Blair moved to New Mexico in 2013, playing for the El Paso Symphony Orchestra, the Las Cruces Symphony Orchestra, and collaborating with local musicians.

Blair turned to songwriting in 2014, recording her debut album Songs for the Waiting produced by Matthew Odmark (Jars of Clay) at Gray Matters Studio in Nashville, TN in 2016. Songs for the Waiting released on April 7, 2017.
Songs for the Waiting reached No.6 on the Billboard Mountain Heatseekers chart.
Blair's second album Over Under fully releases October 30, 2020.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
David Gogo
David Gogo (born March 18, 1969), is a Canadian blues guitarist, singer-songwriter and bandleader who is currently signed to the independent Cordova Bay Records label. He was formerly signed to EMI Records. Between 1994 and 2024, he released 16 solo albums. As of 2014, his touring band includes a Hammond organ/piano player, an electric bass player (with a five-string bass) and a drummer.

David Gogo is the cousin of Trooper keyboardist Paul Gogo, Marie Gogo singer and member of Jerry Alfred And The Medicine Beat, and singer/songwriter John Gogo.

Western Canadian Music Awards
The Western Canadian Music Awards (WCMAs) is an annual awards event for music in the western portion of Canada. The awards are provided by the Western Canada Music Alliance, which consists of six member music industry organizations from British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Yukon, and The Northwest Territories.

The Western Canadian Music Awards presentation gala takes place on the final evening of the Breakout West music conference & festival, which takes place in a different Western Canadian city each year.
Ibalizumab
Ibalizumab, sold under the brand name Trogarzo, is a non-immunosuppressive humanised monoclonal antibody that binds CD4, the primary receptor for HIV, and inhibits HIV from entering cells. It is a post-attachment inhibitor, blocking HIV from binding to the CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptors after HIV binds to the CD4 receptor on the surface of a CD4 cell. Post-attachment inhibitors are a subclass of HIV drugs called entry inhibitors.

On March 6, 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ibalizumab for multidrug-resistant HIV-1. It is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

CXCR4
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) also known as fusin or CD184 (cluster of differentiation 184) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR4 gene. The protein is a CXC chemokine receptor.
UC San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy
The University of California, San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy (GPS) is the school of international studies and public policy at the University of California, San Diego. It is a full member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs.

Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs
The Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) is a non-profit educational organization of leading universities in the field of international affairs education and research. As of 2026, the association includes 41 full members and 30 affiliate schools.
Collegiate church and cloister of St Juliana
The Collegiate church and cloister of Santa Juliana (Spanish: Colegiata y Claustro de Santa Juliana) is a collegiate church located in Santillana del Mar, Spain. The church is dedicated to Juliana of Nicomedia.

It is notable as an example of Romanesque architecture

Collegiate church
A collegiate church is a Christian church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons, a non-monastic or "secular" community of clergy, organised as a self-governing corporate body, headed by a dignitary bearing a title which may vary, such as dean or provost.

In its governance and religious observance, a collegiate church is similar in some respects to a cathedral, but a collegiate church is not the seat of a bishop and has no diocesan responsibilities.

Collegiate churches have often been supported by endowments, including lands, or by tithe income from appropriated benefices.

The  church building commonly provides both distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of the canons.
Uriel Flores Aguayo
Uriel Flores Aguayo (born 6 May 1959) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the tenth district of Veracruz during the 62nd Congress. He had previously served in the 57th and 60th sessions of the Congress of Veracruz.

Congress of Veracruz
The Congress of the State of Veracruz (Spanish: Congreso del Estado de Veracruz) is the legislative branch of government of the Mexican state of Veracruz. It meets in the state capital, Xalapa.

It comprises 50 deputies (diputados), who are elected for three-year terms. Thirty deputies are elected in single-member districts, with the remaining 20 elected by proportional representation in a single, state-wide constituency.

The most recent election was held on 2 June 2024.
Sarai Kham
Sarai Kham is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16.4 kilometres (10.2 mi) from Nakodar, 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Kapurthala, 33 kilometres (21 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 171 kilometres (106 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Pianico
Pianico (Bergamasque: Piènech or Piànech) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,403 and an area of 2.6 square kilometres (1.0 sq mi).

Pianico borders the following municipalities: Castro, Lovere, Solto Collina, Sovere.

Lovere
Lovere (Bergamasque: Lóer) is a town and comune in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, northern Italy, at the northwest end of Lake Iseo.

The houses in the city have overhanging wooden roofs, typical of Switzerland, combined with the heavy stone arcades of Italy. It lies on a lake and is flanked by a semicircle of mountains. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). In 2018, Lovere was the only Lombardy town to finish in the top 20 of Italy's most beautiful towns.
1985 Falkland Islands general election
The Falkland Islands general election of 1985 was held on Thursday 3 October 1985 to elect members to the Legislative Council. Eight Councillors were elected through universal suffrage using block voting, four from each constituency (Camp and Stanley).

It was the first election since Falkland Islands Constitution Order 1985 came into force which increased the number of elected Councillors to eight (four from each constituency) and abolished four constituencies (East Falkland, East Stanley, West Falkland and West Stanley).

Constitution of the Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands Constitution is a predominantly codified constitution documented primarily within the Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008, a statutory instrument of the United Kingdom. The constitution, in its present form, was made on 5 November 2008 by Queen Elizabeth II in a meeting of the Privy Council at Buckingham Palace. It was laid before Parliament on 12 November 2008 and came into force on 1 January 2009, replacing the 1985 constitution.
Ternopil Castle
The Ternopil Castle (Ukrainian: Тернопільський замок, Polish: Zamek w Tarnopolu) is a stronghold which gave birth to the city of Ternopil. It was built in the 16th century to protect the southern border of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The castle originated as the residence of a Polish nobleman, Jan Amor Tarnowski, in 1540. Construction works (1540–1548) on the marshy bank of the Seret River were authorized by King Sigismund the Old. The castle, around which the modern town has developed, was encircled by a wooden fence and a deep moat. The latter was connected in 1548 to the castle pond (see Ternopil Pond).

Seret (river)
The Seret (Ukrainian: Серет) is the left tributary of the Dniester that flows through the Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. It is 248 kilometres (154 mi) long and its basin area is 3,900 square kilometres (1,506 sq mi). The towns of Ternopil, Terebovlia and Chortkiv sit along the river's banks. Some of the bloodiest fighting of World War I took place on the banks of the Seret.
Roundhay (ward)
Roundhay is an electoral ward of Leeds City Council in north east Leeds, West Yorkshire, covering the suburb of the same name, Gledhow and Oakwood.

The ward's boundaries run the A6120 Leeds Outer Ring Road to the north and the A58 Wetherby Road to the south and east.  The boundary also follows Gledhow Valley Road to the west before heading north-east to the A6120.

Leeds Outer Ring Road
The Leeds Outer Ring Road is a main road that runs around most of the perimeter of the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The ring road is approximately 29 miles (45 km) and consists of single and dual carriageways.  The road is not a loop and so is not a true ring road, although it is designated as such.

The road begins in Belle Isle and ends in Thorpe Park, Leeds at junction 46 of the M1 motorway. It begins in Belle Isle as an un-numbered road and goes through to Beeston.  It is then designated the A6110 between Beeston and Bramley, a dual carriageway, before running concurrently with the Stanningley By-Pass A647, also a dual carriageway but with grade separated junctions. For the rest of the way between Farsley and Thorpe Park the road is the A6120 and it is a mixture of single and dual carriageway.