hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bisymmetric matrix
In mathematics, a bisymmetric matrix is a square matrix that is symmetric about both of its main diagonals.  More precisely, an n × n matrix A is bisymmetric if it satisfies both A = AT (it is its own transpose), and AJ = JA, where J is the n × n exchange matrix.

For example, any matrix of the form

is bisymmetric. The associated  exchange matrix for this example is

Diagonal
In geometry, a diagonal is a line segment joining two vertices of a polygon or polyhedron, when those vertices are not on the same edge.  Informally, any sloping line is called diagonal.  The word diagonal derives from the ancient Greek διαγώνιος diagonios, "from corner to corner" (from  διά- dia-, "through", "across" and γωνία gonia, "corner", related to gony "knee"); it was used by both Strabo and Euclid to refer to a line connecting two vertices of a rhombus or cuboid, and later adopted into Latin as diagonus ("slanting line").
Bila Richka
Bila Richka (Ukrainian: Біла Річка) is a village in the Biloberizka rural hromada of the Verkhovyna Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Verkhovyna Raion (1940–2020) on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Verkhovyna Raion.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) is a premier medical school in Chandigarh, India. An 'Institute of National Importance', it has educational, research, and training facilities for its students including all specialties, super specialties and sub specialties. It is the leading tertiary care hospital of the northern India region and caters to patients from all over Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Apart from the clinical services, PGI also provides training in almost all disciplines of medicine including post graduate and post doctoral degrees, diplomas, Doctor of Philosophy  and fellowships. There are more than 50 such training courses in the institute. The 100-seat MBBS college is expected to start by 2025 at PGI's satellite centre.

Postgraduate diploma
A postgraduate diploma (PgD, PgDip, PGDip, PG Dip., PGD, Dipl. PGD) is a postgraduate qualification at the level of a master's degree, awarded after a university degree, which supplements the original degree and awards them with a graduate diploma. The minimum requirement of completing a bachelor's degree is necessary to start the postgraduate course. The duration of a postgraduate course can vary from 1 year to 2 years.

Countries that award postgraduate diplomas include but are not limited to Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. Level of education and recognition differ per issuing country.
Clay Belt
The Clay Belt  is a vast tract of fertile soil in Canada, stretching across Cochrane District in Ontario and Abitibi County in Quebec, covering 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) in total with 120,000 square kilometres (46,000 sq mi) of that in Ontario. It is generally subdivided into the Great Clay Belt to the north running eastward from Kapuskasing, past Lake Abitibi and on to Amos, and the V-shaped Lesser Clay Belt to its south, running from Englehart down to the Wabi River to the northern tip of Lake Timiskaming, and long the eastern side of Timiskaming and back up to Rouyn-Noranda. The Clay Belt is the result of the draining of the Glacial Lake Ojibway around 8,200 BP, whose lakebed sediment forms the modern landform. The Clay Belt is surrounded by the Canadian Shield, forming an island of "southern flatlands" in the midst of the hilly and rocky surroundings. Similar "glaciolacustrine deposits" dot the northern areas of Ontario, Quebec, and Labrador.

Glaciolacustrine deposits
Sediments deposited into lakes that have come from glaciers are called glaciolacustrine deposits. In some European geological traditions, the term limnoglacial is used. These lakes include ice margin lakes or other types formed from glacial erosion or deposition. Sediments in the bedload and suspended load are carried into lakes and deposited. The bedload is deposited at the lake margin while the suspended load is deposited all over the lake bed. Glaciolacustrine deposits commonly form varves, which are annually deposited layers of silt and clay, where silt is deposited during the summer, and clay during the winter.
2018 Women's PGA Championship
The 2018 KPMG Women's PGA Championship was the 64th Women's PGA Championship, played June 28 – July 1 at Kemper Lakes Golf Club in Long Grove, Illinois. Known as the LPGA Championship through 2014, it was the third of five major championships on the LPGA Tour during the 2018 season.

Park Sung-hyun won the championship in a playoff over Nasa Hataoka and Ryu So-yeon. It was Park's second major win.

Long Grove, Illinois
Long Grove is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States, approximately 35 miles (56 km) away from and a northwest suburb of Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 8,366. The village has strict building ordinances to preserve its "country atmosphere".
HMS Zebra (R81)
HMS Zebra was a Z-class destroyer.  She was to have been named HMS Wakeful but was renamed in January 1943 before launching. The destroyer was launched on 18 March 1944 at William Denny & Brothers shipyard in Dumbarton, Scotland and commissioned on 13 October 1944.  She was 'adopted' by the civil community of Urmston, then in the county of Lancashire.

Urmston
Urmston /ˈɜːrmstən/ ⓘ is a town in Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, which had a population of 41,731 at the 2021 Census. Historically in Lancashire, it is 5 miles (8.04672 km) southwest of Manchester city centre. The southern boundary is the River Mersey, with Stretford lying to the east and Flixton to the west. Davyhulme lies to the north of the town centre. Urmston covers an area of 4,799 acres (1,942.08639710976 ha).

The town has early medieval origins, and until the arrival of the railway in 1873 was a small farming community. The railway acted as a catalyst, transforming the town into a residence for the middle classes.
Malika-e-Aliya
Malika-e-Aliya (Urdu: ملکہ عالیہ) is a 2014 Pakistani drama serial directed by Syed Asim Ali and written by Nadia Akhtar. It is a production of A&B Entertainment. The drama was first aired 8 April 2014, on Geo Entertainment but due to a ban on the channel, only 10 episodes could be shown. From 8 September 2014, it was continued with new episodes, the first day after the ban was lifted on the channel. Malika-e-Aliya is the story of Alia and her evil plans to become the sole owner of her in-laws' wealth, and the act that she puts on to convince everyone in the Baig household that all she wants is to provide them the same home and its comfort which their mother and Mr. Baig’s late wife once provided them with.

Geo Entertainment
Geo Entertainment or Har Pal Geo is a Pakistani entertainment television channel established by Geo Television Network in May 2002. Its test transmission started on 14 August 2002 on the PAS 10 digital satellite whereas on 1 October 2002 the regular transmission of Geo Entertainment was started.
2005 Acropolis International Basketball Tournament
The 19. Edition of the Acropolis International Basketball Tournament 2005 found between the 5th and 7th. September 2005 in the suburb Marousi from Athens. The total of six games were played in the Olympic Hall.

In addition to the host Greek national team also exclude the national teams Germany, Italy and Serbia and Montenegro part. While it was Germany's third participation in the Acropolis tournament, the Italians took part for the twelfth and the Serbs for the seventh time.

In addition to Dirk Nowitzki and the Italian, the stars of the 2005 Acropolis tournament included Denis Marconato the Greeks Dimitrios Diamantidis and Theodoros Papaloukas as well as Dejan Bodiroga, Marko Jarić, Dejan Tomašević and Darko Miličić from Serbia and Montenegro.

As MVP Dimitris Diamantidis was honored at the tournament.

Marko Jarić
Marko Jarić (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Јарић, pronounced [mâːrko jǎːritɕ]; Greek: Μάρκο Γιάριτς, romanized: Marko Yiarits; born 12 October 1978) is a Serbian former professional basketball player. Standing at 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in), he mainly played the point guard position. He also represented the senior FR Yugoslavian national basketball team internationally. Jarić was an All-EuroLeague First Team member in 2002.
Kjartan Sveinsson
Kjartan Sveinsson (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈcʰar̥tan ˈsveinsɔn]; born 2 January 1978) is an Icelandic musician who is the keyboardist for the post-rock band Sigur Rós. He joined the band in 1998. A multi-instrumentalist, he has also played such instruments as the flute, tin whistle, oboe, guitar and the banjo, as well as many of the unorthodox instruments that contribute to Sigur Rós's distinctive sound.

Keyboardist
A keyboardist or keyboard player is a musician who plays keyboard instruments. Until the early 1960s musicians who played keyboards were generally classified as either pianists or organists.  Since the mid-1960s, a plethora of new musical instruments with keyboards have come into common usage, such as synthesizers and digital piano, requiring a more general term for a person who plays them. In the 2010s, professional keyboardists in popular music often play a variety of different keyboard instruments, including piano, tonewheel organ, synthesizer, and clavinet. Some keyboardists may also play related instruments such as piano accordion, melodica, pedal keyboard, or keyboard-layout bass pedals.
Feldgeister
Feldgeister ('field spirits'; German: [ˈfɛltˌɡaɪ̯stɐ]; singular: Feldgeist) or Korndämonen ('corn demons'; German: [ˈkɔʁnˌdɛˈmoːnən]; singular: Korndämon) are corn spirits in German folklore. Feldgeister are often also wind spirits, causing lightning and rain.

Numerous Feldgeister are known in German folklore, some shaped as animals, some in human form. The last grain heads and tree fruits are often left at their place as a sacrifice for the agricultural spirits. During harvest season Feldgeister flee deeper into the fields to escape the mowers. With the last cornstalks the corn spirit becomes trapped. Either it is killed by cutting the grain heads, threshing the corn or it is brought to the village in a ceremonial manner, shaped as a corn doll. Direct contact to the Feldgeist causes illness.

Corn dolly
Corn dollies or corn mothers are a form of straw work made as part of harvest customs of Europe before mechanisation.

Scholars of the 18th and 19th centuries theorized that before Christianisation, in traditional pagan European culture it was believed that the spirit of the corn (in American English, "corn" would be "grain") lived amongst the crop, and that the harvest made it effectively homeless. James Frazer devotes chapters in The Golden Bough to "Corn-Mother and Corn-Maiden in Northern Europe" (chs. 45–48) and adduces European folkloric examples collected in great abundance by the folklorist Wilhelm Mannhardt. Among the customs attached to the last sheaf of the harvest were hollow shapes fashioned from the last sheaf of wheat or other cereal crops. The corn spirit would then spend the winter in this home until the "corn dolly" was ploughed into the first furrow of the new season.
Adrienne Lavine
Adrienne S. Lavine (born 1958) is an American mechanical engineer specializing in heat transfer, thermal energy, and energy storage, and known as a coauthor of several widely used textbooks on heat transfer. She is a professor emeritus of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles, director of the UCLA Modeling of Complex Thermal Systems Laboratory, and a former associate vice provost at UCLA.

Thermal energy
The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. It can denote several different physical concepts, including:

Internal energy: The energy contained within a body of matter or radiation, excluding the potential energy of the whole system.

Heat: Energy in transfer between a system and its surroundings by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter.

The characteristic energy kBT, where T denotes temperature and kB denotes the Boltzmann constant; it is twice that associated with each degree of freedom.

Mark Zemansky (1970) has argued that the term "thermal energy" is best avoided due to its ambiguity. He suggests using more precise terms such as "internal energy" and "heat" to avoid confusion. The term is, however, used in some textbooks.
The Hypocrite (novel)
The Hypocrite: A Novel is a 2024 book by Jo Hamya. The novel focuses on the relationship between playwright Sophia and her unnamed father, a controversial writer. The novel was shortlisted at the 2024 Nero Book Awards and won a 2025 Somerset Maugham Award.

Somerset Maugham Award
The Somerset Maugham Award is a British literary prize given each year by the Society of Authors. Set up by William Somerset Maugham in 1947 the awards enable young writers to enrich their work by gaining experience in foreign countries. The awards go to writers under the age of 35 with works published in the year before the award; the work can be either non-fiction, fiction or poetry.

Since 1964 multiple winners have usually been chosen in the same year. In 1975 and in 2012 the award was not given.
The Cutting Edge: Going for the Gold
The Cutting Edge: Going for the Gold is a 2006 American sports-romantic drama film, the sequel to The Cutting Edge (1992), and the second installment in The Cutting Edge film series. The film premiered on February 7, 2006, on ABC Family and released on DVD on March 28, 2006, receiving 3.4 million viewers.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Köşkönü, Yüksekova
Köşkönü (Kurdish: Piştqesr) is a village in the Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Doski tribe and had a population of 350 in 2023.

The hamlets of Ağıllar (Page), Kurucak (Kaniyê Xecê), Ortakçı, Sarıtaş and Taşyazı are attached to Köşkönü.

Hakkâri Province
Hakkâri Province (pronounced [hacːaːɾi], Turkish: Hakkâri ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Colemêrg), is a province in the southeast of Turkey. It borders Van Province to the north, and Şırnak Province to the west. The administrative centre is the city of Hakkâri. Its area is 7,095 km2, and its population is 287,625 (2023). The current Governor is Ali Çelik. The province encompasses 8 municipalities, 140 villages and 313 hamlets. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

The province is a stronghold for Kurdish nationalism and a hotspot in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.
Pantograph
A pantograph (from Greek  παντ- 'all, every' and  γραφ- 'to write', from its original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen or stylus, in tracing an image, produces mimic movements recorded by a second pen. If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an identical, enlarged, or miniaturized copy will be drawn by a pen fixed to the other. Using the same principle, different kinds of pantographs are used for other forms of duplication in areas such as sculpting, minting, engraving, and milling.

Parallelogram
In Euclidean geometry, a parallelogram is a simple (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. The opposite or facing sides of a parallelogram are of equal length and the opposite angles of a parallelogram are of equal measure. The congruence of opposite sides and opposite angles is a direct consequence of the Euclidean parallel postulate and neither condition can be proven without appealing to the Euclidean parallel postulate or one of its equivalent formulations.

By comparison, a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides is a trapezoid in American English or a trapezium in British English.

The three-dimensional counterpart of a parallelogram is a parallelepiped.

The word "parallelogram" comes from the Greek παραλληλό-γραμμον, parallēló-grammon, which means "a shape of parallel lines".
Official Board Markets
Official Board Markets was a weekly trade publication for independent and integrated paperboard converters and mills, packaging buyers, paper recyclers, packaging end-users, and paper brokers. It was in circulation between 1925 and 2012.

Broker
A broker is a person or entity that arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller. This may be done for a commission when the deal is executed. A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. Neither role should be confused with that of an agent—one who acts on behalf of a principal party in a deal.
Adolph von La Valette-St. George
Adolph von La Valette-St. George (14 November 1831 in Schloss Auel – 29 November 1910 in Bonn) was a German zoologist and anatomist, known for his research in developmental biology.

He studied at the universities of Berlin, Munich and Würzburg, where he was a student of Albert von Kölliker. In 1855 he obtained his PhD with the thesis "Symbolae ad Trematodum evolutionis historiam", then in 1857 received his medical doctorate. In 1858 he qualified as a lecturer at the University of Bonn, where in 1862 he became an associate professor. In 1875, he was named a full professor and successor to Max Schultze as director of the anatomical institute at Bonn.

He is credited with coining the terms spermatocyte (1876), spermatogonium (1876) and spermatid (1886). Some sources mention La Valette-St. George as the first to observe what would later be known as the Golgi apparatus (1865, 1867), a structure that he reportedly described in the sexual cells of snails.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Klasen
Klasen is a surname of Dutch and German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Klasen (born 1993), German tenniswoman

Arno Klasen (born 1967), German racecar driver

Jacqueline Klasen (born 1994), German footballer

Karl Klasen (1909–1991), German jurist and banker

Linus Klasen (born 1986), Swedish professional ice hockey player

Sepp Klasen (1935-2023), Germand politician

Stephan Klasen (1966-2020), German economist and professor

Thomas Klasen (born 1983), German footballer and current football coach

Anna Klasen
Anna Klasen (born 15 November 1993) is a German tennis player.

Klasen has a career-high singles ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of world No. 426, achieved on 6 April 2015, and a doubles ranking of No. 341, achieved on 19 September 2016. She has won two singles titles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. Her younger sister Charlotte Klasen was also a professional tennis player.

Klasen made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2022 Hamburg European Open in the doubles draw, partnering Tamara Korpatsch.
CCSDS 122.0-B-1
CCSDS 122.0 is a CCSDS lossless to lossy image compression standard originally released in November 2005.
The encoder consists of two parts—a discrete wavelet transform transform coder followed by a bitplane encoder on the similar lines as Embedded Zerotree Wavelet by Shapiro.

Discrete wavelet transform
In numerical analysis and functional analysis, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is any wavelet transform for which the wavelets are discretely sampled. As with other wavelet transforms, a key advantage it has over Fourier transforms is temporal resolution: it captures both frequency and location information (location in time).
Novoshirokinsky
Novoshirokinsky (Russian: Новоширокинский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Gazimuro-Zavodsky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 994 (2021 census); 961 (2010 census); 698 (2002 census);  There are 4 streets in this settlement.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Class C GPCR
The class C G-protein-coupled receptors (InterPro: IPR000337) are a class of G-protein coupled receptors that include the metabotropic glutamate receptors (InterPro: IPR000162) and several additional receptors.

Structurally they are composed of four elements; an N-terminal signal sequence; a large hydrophilic extracellular agonist-binding region containing several conserved cysteine residues which could be involved in disulphide bonds; a shorter region containing seven transmembrane domains; and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of variable length. This protein family includes metabotropic glutamate receptors, the extracellular calcium-sensing receptors, the gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) type B receptors, and the vomeronasal type-2 receptors.

GABAA-rho receptor
The GABAA-rho receptor (previously known as the GABAC receptor) is a subclass of GABAA receptors composed entirely of rho (ρ) subunits. GABAA receptors including those of the ρ-subclass are ligand-gated ion channels responsible for mediating the effects of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. The GABAA-ρ receptor, like other GABAA receptors, is expressed in many areas of the brain, but in contrast to other GABAA receptors, the GABAA-ρ receptor has especially high expression in the retina.