hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert de Montalt, 1st Baron Montalt
Robert de Montalt, 1st Baron Montalt (1270–1329), Lord of Mold and Hawarden, was an English noble. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301.

He was the son of Robert de Montalt and Joan de Mowbray, and was the younger brother of Roger de Montalt, 1st Baron Montalt.

Montalt married Emma, widow of Richard FitzJohn (died 1297) (son of John Fitz Geoffrey, Justice of Ireland). They had no issue.

Robert served in the Scottish and Gascon wars of Edward I and Edward II. De Montalt was summoned to Parliament as Baron Montalt in 1299. His summons as Baron Montalt was not a continuation of the 1297 barony, but a new creation.

At his death in 1329, the barony became extinct. He settled his lands on Queen Isabella (mother of King Edward III and thereafter to John of Eltham, brother of Edward III. His wife Emma survived him.

Barons' Letter of 1301
The Barons' Letter of 1301 was written by 103 English, Scottish, Norman and Welsh, earls and barons loyal to King Edward I. The letter was addressed to Pope Boniface VIII as a repudiation of his claim of feudal overlordship of Scotland (expressed in the Bull Scimus Fili), and as a defence of the rights of King Edward I of England as overlord of Scotland. The letter survives in two copies, known as A and B, both held in the National Archives at Kew under the reference E 26. Historically they were held amongst the documents in the Exchequer, Treasury of the Receipt department.
BMW Concept 7 Series ActiveHybrid
The BMW Concept 7 Series ActiveHybrid is a concept car developed by BMW and presented at the Paris Motor Show in October 2008. It is BMW's first mild hybrid and second hybrid concept vehicle after the BMW Concept X6 ActiveHybrid, BMWs first full hybrid revealed at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. Both models will be ready for mass production at the end of 2009.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
Transaural
Transaural Stereo is a technology suite of analog circuits and digital signal processing algorithms related to the field of sound playback for audio communication and entertainment. It is based on the concept of crosstalk cancellation, but in some versions can embody other processes such as binaural synthesis and equalization.

The technology was developed in the 1970's by Duane H. Cooper and Jerald L. Bauck.

Analogue electronics
Analogue electronics (American English: analog electronics) are electronic systems with a continuously variable signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two levels. The term analogue describes the proportional relationship between a signal and a voltage or current that represents the signal. The word analogue is derived from the Greek word ανάλογος analogos meaning proportional.
Grey-crowned crocias
The grey-crowned crocias (Laniellus langbianis) is a passerine bird in the family Leiothrichidae.
It is endemic to Vietnam, where it has a highly restricted distribution in the Da Lat Plateau. It has also been observed, and independently surveyed in 2015, in Central Vietnam on the Kontum Plateau, where it may be more abundant. Its natural habitat is intact broadleaf evergreen forest and secondary forest, generally near watercourses, between 910–1450 m above sea-level.

This species was formerly placed in the genus Crocias but under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Laniellus Swainson, 1832 has priority over Crocias Temminck, 1836.

It is threatened by habitat loss, although the species is elusive and easily overlooked, so much so that it was previously considered critically endangered.

Laughingthrush
The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 143 species and is divided into 17 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.  The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.
Andrei Bantikov
Andrei Sergeevich Bantikov (Russian: Бантиков Андрей Сергеевич; 23 October 1914, Moscow Governorate, Russian Empire – 11 December 2001, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian and Soviet painter, a member of the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad), regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting.

Participated in exhibitions since 1939. Member of the society "Studio of Military Art. M.B. Grekov "1952-1962. He painted a lot on the sea theme. He taught: "Leningrad Higher Artistic Industrial School" 1948-51.

Moscow Governorate
The Moscow Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, and the Russian Empire. It was bordered by Tver Governorate to the north, Vladimir Governorate to the northeast, Ryazan Governorate to the southeast, Tula Governorate to the south, Kaluga Governorate to the southwest, and Smolensk Governorate to the west. Moscow Governorate consisted of an area of 33,272.84 square kilometres (12,846.72 sq mi) and a population of 2,430,581 in 1897. Its capital was in Moscow.
Loch Tollaidh
Loch Tollaidh is a freshwater loch in Wester Ross, Scotland, roughly 2.3 km southwest of the village of Poolewe. It sits beside the A832 road in a large expanse of moorland.

The loch's name derives from the Scottish Gaelic toll, meaning "hole" or "hollow" i.e. "Loch of the Hollow".

Loch Tollaidh sits on a bedrock of Lewisian gneiss, and has several excellent bouldering crags on its southern shore.

Several small islands sit within the loch, the largest of which is believed to have been a crannog. Several texts from the early 20th century describe a later stone "castle" occupying the site, in the hands of Clans MacBeth and then MacLeod before its abandonment in 1480. Underwater remains show evidence of stone causeways.

A small commercial Atlantic salmon farm operated on the loch from the late 1980s until its removal in the late 2010s.

Clan MacLeod
Clan MacLeod (/məˈklaʊd/ mə-KLOWD; Scottish Gaelic: Clann Mhic Leòid [ˈkʰl̪ˠãũn̪ˠ vĩçkʲ ˈʎɔːtʲ]) is a Highland Scottish clan associated with the Isle of Skye. There are two main branches of the clan: the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan, known in Gaelic as Sìol Tormoid ("seed of Tormod") and the Clan MacLeod of Lewis Assynt and Raasay, known in Gaelic as Sìol Torcaill ("seed of Torcall"). Both branches claim descent from Leòd, a Norse-Gael who lived in the 13th century.

Today, Clan MacLeod of The Lewes, Clan MacLeod of Raasay, and Clan MacLeod are represented by "Associated Clan MacLeod Societies", and the chiefs of the three clans. The association is made up of ten national societies across the world including: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States.
Bethke
Bethke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew-John Bethke, South African composer

Arap Bethke (born 1980), Mexican actor

Bruce Bethke (born 1955), American author

Des Bethke (born 1943), Australian rules footballer

Erik Bethke (born 1972), American computer games developer

Ingo, Holger and Egbert Bethke, who escaped from East Germany

Jean Bethke Elshtain (1941–2013), American political philosopher

Katie Bethke (born 1988), American soccer player

Michael Bethke, American murderer

Penny Bethke (1950–2011), Canadian co-operative business leader

Sigfried Bethke (born 1954), German physicist

Jean Bethke Elshtain
Jean Paulette Bethke Elshtain (January 6, 1941 – August 11, 2013) was an American ethicist, political philosopher, and public intellectual. She was the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of Social and Political Ethics in the University of Chicago Divinity School with a joint appointment in the department of political science.
1974 Denver Broncos season
The 1974 Denver Broncos season was the team's 15th year in professional football and its fifth with the National Football League (NFL).  Led by third-year head coach and general manager John Ralston, the Broncos had a winning record for the second straight season with seven wins, six losses, and one tie, which was fifth-best in the conference.

Denver finished second in the AFC West, but 4½ games behind the Oakland Raiders, who clinched in mid-November, and 1½ games behind the wild card Buffalo Bills. In their fifteen years of existence, the Broncos had yet to reach the postseason.

The team played at Detroit on Thanksgiving and won in the final NFL game at Tiger Stadium; the Lions moved north to the Pontiac Silverdome in 1975.

1974 Detroit Lions season
The 1974 Detroit Lions season was the 45th season in franchise history. It was the Lions' final season playing at Detroit's Tiger Stadium; the team moved to the Pontiac Silverdome the following season and played home games there until the end of the 2001 season.

Prior to the start of training camp, tragedy would strike the Lions, as head coach Don McCafferty died of a heart attack at age 53. He was replaced by Lions assistant Rick Forzano, who guided the Lions to a 7–7 record in their final season at Tiger Stadium.

This would also be the last season until 2011 when Monday Night Football aired in the City of Detroit, as a result of the Lions playing in Pontiac from 1975 to 2001 followed by poor seasons while playing at Ford Field during that stadium's first eight seasons.
Family of Meghan, Duchess of Sussex
Members of the Markle and Ragland families have been related by marriage to the British royal family since the wedding of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry in May 2018, when she became  the Duchess of Sussex. The couple has two children, Prince Archie  and Princess Lilibet. The Markle (formerly spelled Merckel) family is of Pennsylvania Dutch descent and originates in Alsace on the modern French–German border, and Meghan's paternal ancestors moved to the United States in the 17th century; among her father's other ancestors are American settlers of English, Dutch, and Irish descent. The Ragland family is of African American descent.

English Americans
English Americans (also known as Anglo-Americans) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. According to the 2020 United States census, English Americans are the largest ethnic demographic in the United States with 46.6 million Americans self-identifying as having some English origins (many combined with another heritage) representing (19.8%) of the White American population. This includes 25,536,410 (12.5% of whites) identified as predominantly or "English alone".
Laura Vaughan
Laura Vaughan is a professor of urban form and society at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London. In 2018, she appeared on BBC Radio 4's Thinking Aloud to discuss her book Mapping Society: The Spatial Dimensions of Social Cartography.

The Bartlett
The Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, also known as The Bartlett, is the academic centre for the study of the built environment at University College London (UCL), United Kingdom. It is home to thirteen departments, with specialisms including architecture, urban planning, construction, project management, public policy and environmental design.

The Bartlett is consistently ranked highest in Europe, and among the highest in the world, for architecture and the built environment categories in major rankings. It is currently ranked the first in the world for the year 2025.
District 3
District 3 can refer to:

III District, Turku, in Finland

District 3, Düsseldorf, in Germany

District 3, Grand Bassa County, in Liberia

District 3, Malta, an electoral district of Malta

District 3, a police district of Malta

Wiedikon, also known as District 3, in Zürich, Switzerland

District 3 (New York City Council), in the United States

District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, in Vietnam

III District, Turku
The III District is one of the central districts of Turku, Finland. It is located on the east side of the river Aura, between Kaskenkatu and Martinkatu. The district is largely composed of the Samppalinna sports park, and includes sporting venues such as the Paavo Nurmi Stadion as well as cultural sites such as the city theatre and the Wäinö Aaltonen Museum of Art.

Apart from the areas set aside for parks, the district is rather densely populated, and has a population of  168 485 (as of 2019) Turku Archived 2020-11-26 at the Wayback Machine an annual population growth rate of -2.58%. 5.00% of the district's population are under 15 years old, while 28.58% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 87.18% Finnish, 11.17% Swedish, and 1.64% other.
Kelvyn Cullimore Jr.
Kelvyn Cullimore is an American businessman and politician. He is the former Chief Executive Officer and Director of Dynatronics Corp., and President and CEO of BioUtah. Kelvyn held the position of Secretary & Director at The Medical Device Manufacturers Association.

Cullimore was the first mayor of Cottonwood Heights, Utah from 2005 through 2017 and was part of the committee to incorporate Cottonwood Heights as the 16th city in Salt Lake County. Cullimore graduated from Brigham Young University and currently serves as the board of directors at Dynatronics Corp.

Cottonwood Heights, Utah
Cottonwood Heights is a city located in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States, along the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley. It lies south of the cities of Holladay and Murray, east of Midvale, and north of Sandy within the Salt Lake City, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. Originally a census-designated place (CDP), following a successful referendum in May 2004, the city was incorporated on January 14, 2005. The population, as of the 2020 census, was 33,617.

The corporate offices of Instructure, Dyno Nobel, the defunct Fusion-io, Extra Space Storage, Breeze Airways, and JetBlue are located in the city.
Garfield County Library District
The Garfield County Library District is a public library system in western Colorado, United States.

The library district serves the unincorporated areas in Garfield County, Colorado. Additionally, the library district partners with cities and towns to manage their libraries. The district operates 6 libraries. In 2019, the district had 580,725 visitors and checked out 362,164 books, eBooks, magazines, and media (DVDs, CDs, audiobooks). The district also hosts many events, mostly for children.

Garfield County, Colorado
Garfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,685. The county seat is Glenwood Springs, and the largest community is Rifle. The county is named in honor of United States President James A. Garfield.

Garfield County is included in the Rifle-Glenwood Springs Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes neighboring Pitkin County and is home to nearly 80,000 residents. The county is also included in the Glenwood Springs-Edwards combined statistical area.
Seis Manos
Seis Manos (Six Hands) is an American adult animated television series created by Brad Graeber and Álvaro Rodríguez. The plot is set in the fictional town of San Simon in 1970s Mexico and revolves around three orphans trained in Chinese martial arts. When their mentor is killed, they join forces with an American DEA agent and a policewoman to avenge his murder.

It was released on October 3, 2019 on Netflix.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Bloom (company)
Bloom Media (formerly MDP Worldwide, Behaviour Worldwide and Media 8 Entertainment) was an American independent film entertainment company engaged in financing, development, production and worldwide distribution of theatrical feature films in various forms of broadcast media.

Funding
Funding is the act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or project. While this is usually in the form of money, it can also take the form of effort or time from an organization or company. Generally, this word is used when a firm uses its internal reserves to satisfy its necessity for cash, while the term financing is used when the firm acquires capital from external sources.

Sources of funding include credit, venture capital, donations, grants, savings, subsidies, and taxes. Funding methods such as donations, subsidies, and grants that have no direct requirement for return of investment are described as "soft funding" or "crowdfunding". Funding that facilitates the exchange of equity ownership in a company for capital investment via an online funding portal per the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (alternately, the "JOBS Act of 2012") (U.S.) is known as equity crowdfunding. Funds can be allocated for either short-term or long-term purposes.
Rod Cason
Rod Cason (February 9, 1950 - March 15, 2023) was an American former football offensive tackle.  He played college football at Angelo State University in San Angelo, Texas from 1969 to 1971 where he was named twice named Associated Press "Second Team All-America" as well as being the first player named First Team NAIA All-America honors three consecutive times. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2002. He was selected by the New England Patriots in the 11th round of the 1972 NFL draft.

San Angelo, Texas
San Angelo (/sæn ˈændʒəloʊ/ SAN AN-jə-loh) is a city in and the county seat of Tom Green County, Texas, United States. It is in the Concho Valley, a region of West Texas between the Permian Basin to the northwest, Chihuahuan Desert to the southwest, Osage Plains to the northeast, and Central Texas to the southeast. According to the 2020 United States Census, San Angelo had a population of 99,893. It is the principal city and center of the San Angelo metropolitan area, which had a population of 100,159.

San Angelo is home to Angelo State University, historic Fort Concho, and Goodfellow Air Force Base. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Angelo.
Norezai
Norezai is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Buner District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Buner has 6 Tehsils i.e. Daggar, Chagharzai, Chamla, Khudu Khel, Gagra and Gadezai. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 27 union councils in Buner District.

Gagra
Gagra (Georgian: გაგრა; Abkhaz and Russian: Гагра) is a town in Abkhazia/Georgia, sprawling for 5 km on the northeast coast of the Black Sea, at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains. Its subtropical climate made Gagra a popular health resort since the Imperial Russian times.

It had a population of 26,636 in 1989, but this has declined considerably as a result of ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia and other demographic shifts during and after the War in Abkhazia (1992–93).

Gagra is the center of the district of the same name. It is located in the western part of the region of Abkhazia, and the Psou River serves as the border with the Krasnodar Krai of Russia.
Phil Weiser
Philip Jacob Weiser (born May 10, 1968) is an American lawyer and politician who has served as the 39th Attorney General of Colorado since 2019. He is the Hatfield Professor of Law and Telecommunications, executive director and Founder of the Silicon Flatirons Center for Law, Technology, and Entrepreneurship, and Dean Emeritus at the University of Colorado Law School. He previously served in the Obama and Clinton Administrations in the White House and Justice Department. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected Attorney General for the State of Colorado in the 2018 election, defeating Republican George Brauchler on November 6, 2018. He was re-elected in 2022.

On January 2, 2025, Weiser announced his candidacy in the 2026 Colorado gubernatorial election.

Social Science Research Network
SSRN (Social Science Research Network) is an open access research platform that functions as a repository for sharing early-stage research and preprints. It facilitates the rapid dissemination of scholarly research in the social sciences, humanities, life sciences, and health sciences, among others. It was formerly called Social Science Research Network, now called SSRN to reflect that it hosts content not only in social sciences but also in a wide range of disciplines including economics, law, business and engineering. Elsevier bought SSRN from Social Science Electronic Publishing Inc. in May 2016. It is not an electronic journal, but rather an electronic library and search engine.
November 1982 Irish general election
The November 1982 Irish general election to the 24th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 24 November, three weeks after the dissolution of the 23rd Dáil on 4 November by President Patrick Hillery, on the request of Taoiseach Charles Haughey following a defeat of the government in a motion of confidence. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

The 24th Dáil met at Leinster House on 14 December to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Garret FitzGerald was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 19th government of Ireland, a coalition government of Fine Gael and the Labour Party.

Dáil constituencies
There are 43 multi-member electoral districts, known as Dáil constituencies, to elect 174 TDs to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, Ireland's parliament, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV), to a maximum term of five years. The configuration of constituencies was amended by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2023, which were in operation for the 2024 general election.
Casper (Maya ruler)
"Casper", (August 8, 422 – 487?)  also known as 11 Rabbit or Casper II, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque from August 9, 435, to 487. He was the immediate successor of Kʼukʼ Bahlam I, who founded the ruling dynasty. The real name of the ruler has not been deciphered. He was given the nickname Casper by Mayanist scholar Floyd Lounsbury because his name glyph is said to resemble the cartoon character Casper the Friendly Ghost. An incomplete transcription of the name is ch'a-?..

Casper came to power in August 435 at the age of 13 and ruled the city for 52 years. Only Pacal the Great is recorded to have ruled Palenque longer.

Floyd Lounsbury
Floyd Glenn Lounsbury (April 25, 1914 – May 14, 1998) was an American linguist, anthropologist and Mayanist scholar and epigrapher, best known for his work on linguistic and cultural systems of a variety of North and South American languages. Equally important were his contributions to understanding the hieroglyphs, culture and history of the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.