hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vijayanta
The Vijayanta (lit. 'Victorious') was a main battle tank built in India based on a licensed design of the Vickers Mk.1. The Vijayanta was the first indigenous tank of the Indian Army.

The prototype was completed in 1963 and the tank entered service on December 29, 1965. The first 90 vehicles were built by Vickers in the UK. Production continued at the Heavy Vehicles Factory in Avadi until 1983 with 2,200 being built.

Vickers
Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 1867, acquired more businesses, and began branching out into military hardware and shipbuilding.

In 1911, the company expanded into aircraft manufacture and opened a flying school. They expanded even further into electrical and railway manufacturing, and in 1928 acquired an interest in the Supermarine.

Beginning in the 1960s, various parts of the company were nationalised, and in 1999 the rest of the company was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc, which sold the defence arm to Alvis plc. The Vickers name lived on in Alvis Vickers, until the latter was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 to form BAE Systems Land Systems.
The Banner of Joan
The Banner of Joan is an epic poem by H. Warner Munn. It was first published in 1975 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 975 copies in honor of Munn's appearance as Guest of Honor at the first World Fantasy Convention. The poem concerns Joan of Arc and may be seen as an epilogue to Munn's Merlin novels.

World Fantasy Convention
The World Fantasy Convention is an annual convention of professionals, collectors, and others interested in the field of fantasy. The World Fantasy Awards are presented at the event.  Other features include an art show, a dealer's room, and an autograph reception.

The convention was conceived and begun by T. E. D. Klein, Kirby McCauley and several others.
1970 NCAA University Division football rankings
Two human polls comprised the 1970 NCAA University Division football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason—the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.

National championship
A national championship(s) is the top achievement for any sport or contest within a league of a particular nation or nation state. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best team, individual (or other entity) in a particular nation and in a particular field. Often, the use of the term cup or championship is just a choice of words.
2018 U.S. Air National Guard C-130 crash
On May 2, 2018, a Lockheed WC-130H transport aircraft of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard crashed in the US state of Georgia, shortly after departing from Savannah Air National Guard Base (which is located at Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport). The aircraft crashed on Georgia State Route 21 at 11:26 local time. All nine airmen (five crewmen and four passengers) were killed in the accident. All nine were members of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard.

Banked turn
A banked turn (or banking turn) is a turn or change of direction in which the vehicle banks or inclines, usually towards the inside of the turn.  For a road or railroad this is usually due to the roadbed having a transverse down-slope towards the inside of the curve.  The bank angle is the angle at which the vehicle is inclined about its longitudinal axis with respect to the horizontal.
Rockefeller Plateau
The Rockefeller Plateau in Antarctica is the portion of the interior ice plateau of Marie Byrd Land lying eastward of the Shirase Coast and Siple Coast and southward of the Ford Ranges, Flood Range and the Executive Committee Range, centering near the coordinates given above. Much of its extensive, ice-covered surface is from 1,000 meters to 1,500 meters above sea level. It was discovered by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd in 1934 and named for John D. Rockefeller Jr., patron of the Byrd expeditions.

Ford Ranges
The Ford Ranges (77°0′S 144°0′W﻿ / ﻿77.000°S 144.000°W﻿ / -77.000; -144.000﻿ (Ford Ranges)) are a collection of mountain groups and ranges standing east of Sulzberger Ice Shelf and Block Bay in the northwest part of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica.
Rafael Acosta Croda
Rafael Acosta Croda (born 27 May 1957) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN).

In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Veracruz's 12th congressional district during the 62nd Congress. In the 7 July 2013 state elections he ran for mayor of Veracruz, where his main opponent was businessman Ramón Poo Gil who won with a margin of 10,000 votes.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
Mayra Dias
Mayra Benita Alves Dias (born 28 September 1991) is a Brazilian politician, journalist, model, and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Brasil 2018 on 26 May 2018, becoming the second representative from Amazonas. She represented Brazil at the Miss Universe 2018, where she finished as a Top 20 semifinalist.

In 2022, she was elected for state deputy of Amazonas by Avante.

Avante (political party)
Avante ([aˈvɐ̃ntʃi], lit. 'Forward') is a centrist Brazilian political party. It was founded in 1989 by dissidents of the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB) as the Labour Party of Brazil (Partido Trabalhista do Brasil, PTdoB) and is a minor force in Brazilian politics.
Nakasone Tuimiya
Nakasone Tuimiya (also Nakasone Tuyumya or in Okinawan: Nakasuni Tuyumya) (仲宗根豊見親; also 仲宗根豊見親玄雅, Nakasone Tuyumya Genga) (active c. 1500–1530) was a Ryūkyūan Chieftain and later Anji of the Miyako Islands credited with repelling an invasion from Ishigaki Island, and expanding Miyako political control over some of the Yaeyama Islands. When the Miyako Islands were attacked by the Ryūkyū Kingdom, Nakasone saved the people of Miyako from harm by agreeing to surrender to annexation by the Kingdom.

Yaeyama Islands
The Yaeyama Islands (八重山列島 Yaeyama-rettō, also 八重山諸島 Yaeyama-shotō, Yaeyama: Yaima, Yonaguni: Daama, Okinawan: Yeema, Northern Ryukyuan: やへま Yapema) are an archipelago in the southwest of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and cover 591.46 square kilometres (228.36 mi2). The islands are located southwest of the Miyako Islands, part of the Ryukyu Islands archipelago. The Yaeyama Islands are the most remote part of Japan from the main islands and contain Japan's southernmost (Hateruma) and westernmost (Yonaguni) inhabited islands. The city of Ishigaki serves as the political, cultural, and economic center of the Yaeyama Islands.  On maps dating to the 1700s, the Yaeyama Group of Islands appears as the "Majico Sima Group", "Nambu-soto Islands", "Nambu Soto", and the "Taipin Islands".
Vestibular papillomatosis
Vestibular papillomatosis (VP) are normal small bumps in the genital area of females. The bumps appear in multiple numbers, are rounded and are not painful, itchy or uncomfortable. They are comparable to pearly penile papules, which occur in males.

VP are not infectious and not due to HPV. Diagnosis is by visualization. The bumps are less yellow and more pinkish when compared to Fordyce spots. They should not be mistaken for genital warts. No treatment is required.

They are common in pregnancy. Historically they were sometimes incorrectly called "microwarts".

Papule
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. Some have crusts or scales. A papule can be flesh colored, yellow, white, brown, red, blue or purplish. There may be just one or many, and they may occur irregularly in different parts of the body or appear in clusters. It does not contain fluid but may progress to a pustule or vesicle. A papule is smaller than a nodule; it can be as tiny as a pinhead and is typically less than 1 cm in width, according to some sources, and 0.5 cm according to others. When merged together, it appears as a plaque.

A papule's colour might indicate its cause, such as white in milia, red in eczema, yellowish in xanthoma and black in melanoma. They may open when scratched and become infected and crusty.
Independent Police Complaints Council
The Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) is a civilian body of the Government of Hong Kong, part of the two-tier system in which the Hong Kong Police Force investigates complaints made by the public against its members and the IPCC monitors those investigations.

The IPCC acts as an independent body to monitor the review by the Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) of complaints against members of the Police Force. Unlike CAPO, which is a unit of the police force, the IPCC is a civilian body not linked with the police that reports directly to the office of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. There have been criticisms in LegCo that the IPCC has limited monitoring power.

Hong Kong Police Force
The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) is the primary law enforcement, investigative agency, and largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong.

Pursuant to the one country, two systems principle, the HKPF is officially independent of the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, which under usual circumstances may not interfere with Hong Kong’s local law enforcement matters. All HKPF officers are employed as civil servants and therefore required to pledge allegiance to the Hong Kong Basic Law.

The HKPF consists of approximately 34,000 officers, including the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force, civil servants, and its Marine Region (3,000 officers and 143 vessels as of 2009).
Davenport constant
In mathematics, the Davenport constant  is an invariant of a group studied in additive combinatorics, quantifying the size of nonunique factorizations.  Given a finite abelian group ,  is defined as the smallest number such that every sequence of elements of that length contains a non-empty subsequence adding up to 0.  In symbols, this is

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
2016–17 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Bretagne
The 2016–17 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Bretagne made up the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the Brittany leagues took part in the main competition from round 7. This was the 100th season of the French football cup competition. The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and is open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (qualification via 2016 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (qualification via 2016 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).

The qualifying rounds took place between August and October 2016.

2016–17 Coupe de France
The 2016–17 Coupe de France was the 100th season of the most prestigious football cup competition of France. The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and was opened to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (winner of 2016 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (winner of 2015–16 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).

Paris Saint-Germain were the defending champions, and successfully defended their title following a 1–0 win over Angers in the final, a third consecutive win and eleventh overall, a record.
Aldo Dorigo
Aldo Dorigo (5 August 1929 – 15 January 2025) was an Italian professional footballer who made 161 appearances in Serie A playing for Triestina, Inter Milan and Alessandria. He died in Milan on 15 January 2025, at the age of 95.

US Alessandria Calcio 1912
Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912, commonly referred to as Alessandria, is an Italian football club based in Alessandria, Piedmont. It currently plays in Eccellenza, the fifth tier of Italian football.
Ashig Garib (opera)
Ashig Garib (Azerbaijani: Aşıq Qərib) – is the first opera written by Azerbaijani composer Zulfugar Hajibeyov, in 1916, based on motifs of a dastan of the same name. The opera was staged in Baku, in the theater of Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, for the first time.

Actors and singers such as Huseyngulu Sarabski, Huseynagha Hajibababeyov and others performed main parts of “Ashig Garib” opera. Ahmad Badalbayli, famed as Ahmed Agdamski, Rubaba Muradova and other actors acted the part of Shahsenem, Garib's beloved, at that times.

Ahmed Agdamski
Ahmed Agdamski (Azerbaijani: Əhməd Ağdamski) also known by the stage name of Ahmed Bashir oglu Badalbeyli (Azerbaijani: Əhməd Bəşir oğlu Bədəlbəyli) (January 5, 1884 – April 1, 1954) who was a Soviet Azerbaijani opera singer, mugam singer and actor.
Komalnath Adhikari
Komalnath Adhikari (Nepali: कोमलनाथ अधिकारी) was a Nepalese writer and poet.

Adhikari was born in Duradanda, Lamjung District, Nepal.

In 1963, Adhikari won the Madan Puraskar, Nepal's highest literary honour, for his book Naisadhiya Charit.

Lamjung District
Lamjung District (Nepali: लमजुङ जिल्ला [ˈlʌmd͡zuŋ] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Besisahar as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,692 square kilometres (653 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 167,724.  lies in the mid-hills of Nepal spanning tropical to trans-Himalayan geo-ecological belts, including the geographical midpoint of the country (i.e., Duipipal). It has mixed habitation of castes and ethnicities. It is host to probably the highest density of the Gurung ethnic population in the country.

Popular Media in Lamjung Includes Mero Lamjung, Radio Chautari, Aantaranga Saptahik, Radio Marsyangdi,Radio Lamjung, etc.
Narcisse Snake Dens
The Narcisse Snake Dens is a provincial wildlife management area located in the Rural Municipality of Armstrong about 6 km (3.7 mi) north of Narcisse, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The dens are the winter home of tens of thousands of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). These pits are known to house the largest concentration of this particular type of snake in the world. Their winter dens are caverns formed by the area's water-worn limestone bedrock. In the spring, they come up from their dens to the snake pits, where they mate, then they disperse into the nearby marshes for the summer.

Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is the solid rock that lies under weathered rock and unconsolidated or loose superficial deposits (together known as regolith) in the near surface part of Earth's crust or the crust of another terrestrial planet. The top of the bedrock is known as rockhead.
Kartal (Istanbul Metro)
Kartal is an underground station on the M4 line of the Istanbul Metro in Kartal. It is located beneath the Kartal interchange, along the D.100 State Highway in the Cumhuriyet neighborhood. Kartal was the eastern terminus of the M4 from its opening in 2012 to 2016, when the line was extended further to Pendik. Connection to IETT city buses and Istanbul Minibus service is available. The station consists of an island platform with two tracks and was opened on 17 August 2012.

Pendik
Pendik (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈpændic]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 190 km2, and its population is 750,435 (2022). It is on the Asian side between Kartal and Tuzla, on the Marmara Sea. It also neighbours Sultanbeyli, Sancaktepe and Çekmeköy from northwest, Şile from north and Gebze from northeast. The district is home to the Sabiha Gökçen International Airport.

During the Roman, Byzantine and Latin Empire periods, the coastal town was known as Pantichium.
1952 Chadian Territorial Assembly election
Territorial Assembly elections were held in Chad on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for Gaullist parties, with the Rally of the French People winning all 15 seats in the First College and the Chadian Democratic Union winning 24 of the 30 seats in the Second College.

Rally of the French People
The Rally of the French People (French: Rassemblement du Peuple Français [ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃ dy pœpl fʁɑ̃sɛ], RPF) was a right-wing French political party, existing from 1947 to 1955 and led by Charles de Gaulle.
Primitive Methodist Magazine
The Primitive Methodist Magazine was the monthly magazine of the Primitive Methodist Church in Britain, spanning just over a century. It was started in 1821. From 1821, the Magazine was edited by Hugh Bourne, who printed the magazine at Bemersley Farm about 2 miles from Mow Cop.  Production was moved to London in 1843 when John Flesher became the Editor.  One of the more famous editors was H B Kendall, the writer of three major histories of Primitive Methodism.

The Magazine was initially produced as a paper cover booklet.  These were later bound in annual volumes, of which the Englesea Brook Museum of Primitive Methodism has a complete set.  Hugh Bourne's printing press is also amongst the exhibits at the Museum. The magazine existed until 1898.

Hugh Bourne
Hugh Bourne (3 April 1772 – 11 October 1852) along with William Clowes was the joint founder of Primitive Methodism, the largest offshoot of Wesleyan Methodism and, in the mid-19th century, an influential Protestant Christian movement in its own right.
Chinese Paladin 5 (TV series)
Chinese Paladin 5 (Chinese: 仙剑云之凡) is a 2016 Chinese television series adapted from the adventure role-playing game of the same name by Softstar Entertainment. The series is produced by Chinese Entertainment Shanghai and stars Elvis Han, Guli Nazha, Joe Cheng, Yang Caiqi, Gina Jin and Geng Le. It was first aired on Hunan TV from 23 May to 19 July 2016.

The Legend of Sword and Fairy 5
The Legend of Sword and Fairy 5 (simplified Chinese: 仙剑奇侠传五; traditional Chinese: 仙劍奇俠傳五; pinyin: Xiānjiàn Qíxiá Zhuàn Wǚ), also known as Sword and Fairy 5 (仙劍五) or Chinese Paladin 5, is a shenmo/xianxia-themed fantasy adventure role-playing video game developed by Taiwanese game company Softstar Entertainment's Beijing subsidiary. It is the sixth installment in the Legend of Sword and Fairy video game series, and serves as a sequel to the second game, with the plot set around 30 years later.
Upplands Fotbollförbund
The Upplands Fotbollförbund (Uppland Football Association) is one of the 24 district organisations of the Swedish Football Association. It administers lower tier football in the historical province of Uppland.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
The Oberoi Group
The Oberoi Group is a luxury hotel group with its head office in New Delhi, India. Founded in 1934, the company owns and operates 32 luxury hotels and two river cruise ships in 7 countries, primarily under its Oberoi Hotels & Resorts and Trident brands. The group also operates The Oberoi Centre of Learning and Development, which is regarded as one of Asia's top institutions for hospitality education.

River cruise
A river cruise is a voyage along inland waterways, often stopping at multiple ports along the way. Since cities and towns often grew up around rivers, river cruise ships frequently dock in the center of cities and towns.
Elliptio nigella
Elliptio nigella, the winged spike or recovery pearly mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the freshwater mussels.

This species is endemic to the United States. It was thought to be extinct, but was rediscovered in 2010. It is not known if the rediscovered population is viable. As of the most recent surveys, it appears to be abundant in the lower Flint River, with its typical habitat being large rivers around boulders and cobble in crevices. They look similar to E. pullata and E. fumata, which are also abundant in its range. E. nigella can be distinguished by its axe-shaped shell with a distinctive notch anterior to the umbo.

Umbo (bivalve)
The umbo (pl. umbones or umbos) is the vaguely defined, often most prominent, highest part of each valve of the shell of a bivalve or univalve mollusc. It usually contains the valve's beak, the oldest point of the valve, and its degree of prominence and position relative to the hinge line are sometimes helpful in distinguishing bivalve taxa. The umbo forms while the animal is a juvenile, and radial growth subsequently proceeds around that area. The umbo is situated above the hinge line.

In those bivalves where the umbones do not protrude, as is the case for example in some mussels, the umbones can nonetheless usually be readily identified by examining the concentric growth lines of the shell.

Umbo is also in use in anatomic descriptions of brachiopods, for the origin of growth of the valves.
Thomas Hodgkin (historian)
Thomas Hodgkin, FBA (29 July 1831 – 2 March 1913) was a British historian, biographer, banker, and Quaker minister. Hodgkin's magnum opus, Italy and Her Invaders, was an eight-volume work on the history of the wars in the Late Roman Empire.

Later Roman Empire
In historiography, the Late or Later Roman Empire, traditionally covering the period from 284 CE to 641 CE, was a time of significant transformation in Roman governance, society, and religion. Diocletian's reforms, including the establishment of the tetrarchy, aimed to address the vastness of the empire and internal instability. The rise of Christianity, legalized by Constantine the Great in 313 CE, profoundly changed the religious landscape, becoming a central force in Roman life. Simultaneously, barbarian invasions, particularly by the Goths and the Huns, weakened the Western Roman Empire, which collapsed in 476 CE. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire endured, evolving into the Byzantine Empire and laying the foundations for medieval Europe.

This article ends with the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE and the beginning of the Byzantine Dark Ages.