hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
El Mehdi (singer)
El Mehdi is a Moroccan-Canadian singer-songwriter based in Montreal, Quebec. Born in Rabat, Morocco, he blends dance, pop, electro, and Maghrebi music influences, writing and singing in Arabic, French, and English. He views his music as a fusion of both past and future inspirations, where tradition and contemporary issues converge.

His debut single, “EL KASS HLOU,” is an interpolation of the iconic 1930s song by Houcine Slaoui. The music video, created from archival footage of Morocco, was made during his time as an artist-in-residence at La Cité internationale des arts in Paris. It visually reimagines his homeland through a cinematic lens.

Due to his multidisciplinary approach to music, he is considered a rising figure among Moroccan musicians.

Cité internationale des arts
The Cité internationale des arts is a nonprofit foundation, based in Paris, France, managing an artist-in-residence building complex. Its mission is to foster research and creative work by international contemporary artists in all disciplines: visual arts, music, performing arts, architecture, and writing.

Inaugurated in 1965, it comprises 326 studio apartments, spread across two sites, one in the Marais district and the other in Montmartre. It hosts approximately 1,000 artists each year, making it the largest artists' residence in the world.
Rosanna Carteri
Rosanna Carteri (14 December 1930 – 25 October 2020) was an Italian soprano, primarily active from the 1950s through the mid 1960s. After her debut in Rome at age 19 as Elsa in Wagner's Lohengrin, she appeared in leading roles internationally, based at La Scala in Milan. She participated in world premieres such as the title role of Pizzetti's Ifigenia.

La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
Ulaski, Łódź Voivodeship
Ulaski [uˈlaski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowiesy, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Kowiesy, 24 km (15 mi) east of Skierniewice, and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice
Skierniewice (Polish pronunciation: [skʲɛrɲɛˈvʲit͡sɛ]) is a city in central Poland with 45,184 inhabitants (2023), situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Skierniewice County. Through the town runs the small river Łupia, also called Skierniewka.

Located in the historic region of Masovia, Skierniewice dates back to the medieval period. It prospered as a local trade center with annual fairs and engaged in domestic and international trade. In the 17th and 18th centuries it hosted the residence of the Primates of Poland, and was home of leading Polish Enlightenment poet Ignacy Krasicki. Skierniewice is known as the "Polish Capital of Horticultural Sciences" with local tradition of horticultural studies dating back to 1922. It hosts the annual Skierniewice Festival of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables.

It is a railway junction, located on the main railway line almost exactly halfway between the two largest cities of central Poland, Łódź and Warsaw.
Ricardo Sanz (film producer)
Ricardo Sanz is a Spanish film producer. He began working as the manager of Carlos Aguilar father's production company. He owned Astro CC in which he produced along Lea Films Una bala marcada (1972), Tu fosa será la exacta... amigo (1972) and El hombre que mató a Billy el Niño (1966), all directed by Juan Bosch. He also produced I quattro inesorabili (1965), directed by Primo Zeglio.

Joan Bosch
Joan Bosch Palau (31 May 1925 – 17 November 2015) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter.

In 1946 he travelled to Morocco to work as military at the same time he was directing Las aventuras del capitán Guido (1946). He returned to Madrid and he worked as screenwriter with Antonio del Amo.

Bosch died on 18 November 2015, at the age of 90.
Ba Son Bridge
The Ba Son Bridge (Vietnamese: Cầu Ba Son), formerly temporary named as Thủ Thiêm 2 Bridge, is a 6-lane bridge in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam that opened in 2022. The bridge crosses the Saigon River to link District 1 and Thu Duc City.

The bridge was named after the former historical Ba Son Shipyard next to the bridge, now known as the Ba Son Complex. The Ba Son Station of the Ho Chi Minh City Metro Line 1 near the bridge in District 1 opened on 22 December 2024.

Thủ Đức
Thủ Đức (IPA: [tʰu˨˩˦:ɗɨk˧˥]) is a former sub-municipality in Ho Chi Minh City of the Southeast region of Vietnam.

Thủ Đức ceased to exist as a municipal city on 1 July 2025, following the elimination of district level units in Vietnam.
Işın Önol
Işın Önol (born 1977, alternative spelling: Isin Onol) is a New York City and Vienna-based Turkish and Austrian curator of contemporary art. She is the Director of Curatorial Research at the School of Visual Arts in New York City. Between 2006 and 2009, she served as the Director and Curator at Proje4L/Elgiz Museum of Contemporary Art. She is known for her curatorial research focusing on archival information and oral histories, as well as for establishing the Nesin Art Village, as a sister school of The Nesin Mathematics Village.

Deborah Willis (artist)
Deborah Willis (born February 5, 1948) is a contemporary African-American artist, photographer, curator of photography, photographic historian, author, and educator. Among her awards and honors, she is a 2000 MacArthur Fellow. She is currently Professor and Chair of the Department of Photography and Imaging at Tisch School of the Arts of New York University. In 2024, she was elected to the American Philosophical Society.
Actebia fennica
Actebia fennica, the black army cutworm or Eversmann's rustic, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by August Michael Tauscher in 1806. It has a Holarctic distribution from Newfoundland through western Europe, Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia, northern China to Korea and Japan. In North America it is mainly found in the boreal region, south to New England, southern Montana and northern Oregon.

The wingspan is 39-42 mm and the typical length is ~23 mm. Adults are on wing from July to September depending on the location. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Elymus arenarius, Rumex species (including Rumex acetosella), Atriplex species, Minuartia pebloides, Lathyrus maritimus, Salix species and Vaccinium uliginosum.

August Michael Tauscher
August Michael Tauscher (1771–1841) was a philosopher, botanist and entomologist. He made, between 1807 and 1812 an exploration of Russia on behalf of Count Alexey Razumovsky. After 1814 he lived in Saxony and after 1826 in Dresden described as an independent scholar. He was a correspondent of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and a Member of The Moscow Academy of Sciences.
Large deviations of Gaussian random functions
A random function – of either one variable (a random process), or two or more variables
(a random field) – is called Gaussian if every finite-dimensional distribution is a multivariate normal distribution. Gaussian random fields on the sphere are useful (for example) when analysing

the anomalies in the cosmic microwave background radiation (see, pp. 8–9);

brain images obtained by positron emission tomography (see, pp. 9–10).

Sometimes, a value of a Gaussian random function deviates from its expected value by several standard deviations. This is a large deviation. Though rare in a small domain (of space or/and time), large deviations may be quite usual in a large domain.

Multivariate normal distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the multivariate normal distribution, multivariate Gaussian distribution, or joint normal distribution is a generalization of the one-dimensional (univariate) normal distribution to higher dimensions.  One definition is that a random vector is said to be k-variate normally distributed if every linear combination of its k components has a univariate normal distribution. Its importance derives mainly from the multivariate central limit theorem. The multivariate normal distribution is often used to describe, at least approximately, any set of (possibly) correlated real-valued random variables, each of which clusters around a mean value.
2016 Ghana bus collision
At least 53 people were killed and 23 others injured in a head-on collision between a bus and a truck in Ghana on 18 February 2016. Five children were among the wounded. The government-operated bus was heading to Tamale when it collided head-on with the cargo truck, which was carrying tomatoes, near the town of Kintampo on Wednesday evening. A regional police spokesman said: “It was very serious ... we had to use chainsaws to cut through parts of the mangled bus to get bodies and survivors out. The police affirmed it was one of the worst road accidents in Ghana in years. Even if the cause of the accident is unknown, some sources said that it could have been a problem of brakes, but speeding could also have been the cause. It seems the bus was overloaded, carrying more than the maximum of 63 passengers.

Chainsaw
A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable handheld power saw that cuts with a set of teeth attached to a rotating chain driven along a guide bar.

Modern chainsaws are typically gasoline or electric and are used in activities such as tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning, cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression, harvesting of firewood, for use in chainsaw art and chainsaw mills, for cutting concrete, and cutting ice. Precursors to modern chainsaws were first used in surgery, with patents for wood chainsaws beginning in the late 19th century.

A chainsaw comprises an engine, a drive mechanism, a guide bar, a cutting chain, a tensioning mechanism, and safety features. Various safety practices and working techniques are used with chainsaws.
Jeremy Sivits
Jeremy Charles Sivits (December 10, 1979 – January 16, 2022) was a United States Army reservist. He was one of several soldiers charged and convicted by the U.S. Army in connection with the 2003–2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal in Baghdad, Iraq, during and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Sivits was a member of the 372nd Military Police Company during this time.

Sivits took photographs at the Abu Ghraib prison which became notorious after being aired on 60 Minutes II. His father, Daniel Sivits, a former serviceman, said that he was trained as a mechanic, not a prison guard, and that he "was just doing what he was told to do". Sivits was the first soldier convicted in connection with the Abu Ghraib incidents.

He died from COVID-19 in Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania, on January 16, 2022, at age 42, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania.

Mechanic
A mechanic is a skilled tradesperson who uses tools to build, maintain, or repair machinery, especially engines.  Formerly, the term meant any member of the handicraft trades, but by the early 20th century, it had come to mean one who works with machinery.
Ve (Cyrillic)
Ve (В в; italics: В в or В в; italics: В в) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced labiodental fricative /v/, like ⟨v⟩ in "vase". It can also represent /ʋ/.

The capital letter Ve looks the same as the capital Latin letter B but is pronounced differently.

Ve is commonly romanized by the Latin letter V (as described by ISO 9), but sometimes the Latin letter W is used instead, such as in Polish, or by the German Duden transcription.

ISO 9
ISO 9 is an international standard establishing a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of many Slavic and non-Slavic languages.

Published on February 23, 1995 by the International Organization for Standardization, the major advantage ISO 9 has over other competing systems is its univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics), which faithfully represents the original spelling and allows for reverse transliteration, even if the language is unknown.

Earlier versions of the standard, ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1986, were more closely based on the international scholarly system for linguistics (scientific transliteration), but have diverged in favour of unambiguous transliteration over phonemic representation.
The edition of 1995 supersedes the edition of 1986.
Chung–Fuchs theorem
In mathematics, the Chung–Fuchs theorem, named after Chung Kai-lai and Wolfgang Heinrich Johannes Fuchs, states that for a particle undergoing a zero-mean random walk in m-dimensions, it is certain to come back infinitely often to any neighborhood of the origin on a one-dimensional line (m = 1) or two-dimensional plane (m = 2), but in three or more dimensional spaces it will leave to infinity.

Specifically, if a position of the particle is described by the vector :

where  are independent m-dimensional vectors with a given multivariate distribution,

then if ,  and , or if   and ,

the following holds:

However, for ,

Chung Kai-lai
Kai Lai Chung (traditional Chinese: 鍾開萊; simplified Chinese: 钟开莱; September 19, 1917 – June 2, 2009) was a Chinese-American mathematician known for his significant contributions to modern probability theory.
Sir George Colthurst, 5th Baronet
Sir George Colthurst, 5th Baronet (1824 – 24 September 1878), was an Irish landowner and politician.

He was a Member of Parliament for Kinsale, Ireland, from 1863 to 1874 as a Liberal-Conservative. Colthurst was also grand juror and magistrate of Cork County and High Sheriff of County Cork in 1850. He was the  fifth of the Colthurst baronets, eldest son of Sir Nicholas Colthurst, 4th Baronet and Elizabeth Vesey.

Colthurst died at Buxton, Derbyshire on 24 September 1878 where he had gone to recover from gout, he was aged 54.

Buxton
Buxton is a spa town in the borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, in the East Midlands region of England. It is England's highest market town, sited at some 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level. It lies close to Cheshire to the west and Staffordshire to the south, on the edge of the Peak District National Park. In 1974, the municipal borough merged with other nearby boroughs, including Glossop, to form the local government district and borough of High Peak.

The town population was 20,048 at the 2021 Census (down from 21,108 at the 2011 Census). Sights include Poole's Cavern, a limestone cavern; St Ann's Well, fed by a geothermal spring bottled by Buxton Natural Mineral Water (owned by Nestle); and many historic buildings, including John Carr's restored Buxton Crescent, Henry Currey's Buxton Baths and Frank Matcham's Buxton Opera House. The Devonshire Campus of the University of Derby occupies historic premises. Buxton is twinned with Oignies in France and Bad Nauheim in Germany.
Ford Transit Custom
The Ford Transit Custom is a mid-sized, front wheel drive van produced by Ford Europe since 2012. It marked a split in the Transit range, with the Custom being the smaller version and the Ford Transit being the larger. Similar to other Transit variants, the passenger versions were branded Tourneo Custom.

Front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel-drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Maud's Peril
Maud's Peril in an 1867 play by Watts Phillips. It debuted in London at the Adelphi Theatre on 23 October 1867, and at Wallack's Theatre in New York City on 25 November 1867.  The play is based in part on Le Forcat by Charles de Bernard.

Adelphi Theatre
The Adelphi Theatre /əˈdɛlfi/ is a West End theatre, located on the Strand in the City of Westminster, central London. The present building is the fourth on the site. The theatre has specialised in comedy and musical theatre, and today it is a receiving house for a variety of productions, including many musicals. The theatre was Grade II listed for historical preservation on 1 December 1987.
Vicki Bier
Vicki Marion Bier is an American systems engineer and decision analyst whose work concerns risk management, disaster preparedness, and critical infrastructure protection, including analysis of the safety of nuclear power, anti-terrorism, and preparedness for sea level rise caused by global warming. She is professor emerita of industrial and systems engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, an external fellow in the Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events at the University of Southern California, and editor-in-chief of the journal Decision Analysis.

U.S. critical infrastructure protection
In the U.S., critical infrastructure protection (CIP) is a concept that relates to the preparedness and response to serious incidents that involve the critical infrastructure of a region or the nation.
The American Presidential directive PDD-63 of May 1998 set up a national program of "Critical Infrastructure Protection".  In 2014 the NIST Cybersecurity Framework was published after further presidential directives.
Sunny Gupta
Sunny Gupta (born 27 September 1988) is an Indian cricketer from Jamshedpur, Bihar. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler. He played for Tamil Nadu in Ranji Trophy and played for Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League.

Delhi Capitals
The Delhi Capitals, formerly the Delhi Daredevils, are  a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Delhi that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). The franchise is owned by GMR Group and JSW Sports. Its home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium in New Delhi. The team is captained by Axar Patel, and is coached by Hemang Badani. They appeared in their first IPL final in 2020 against Mumbai Indians.
Content Security Policy
Content Security Policy (CSP) is a computer security standard introduced to prevent cross-site scripting (XSS), clickjacking and other code injection  attacks resulting from execution of malicious content in the trusted web page context. It is a Candidate Recommendation of the W3C working group on Web Application Security, widely supported by modern web browsers. CSP provides a standard method for website owners to declare approved origins of content that browsers should be allowed to load on that website—covered types are JavaScript, CSS, HTML frames, web workers, fonts, images, embeddable objects such as Java applets, ActiveX, audio and video files, and other HTML5 features.

Web worker
A web worker, as defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), is a JavaScript script executed from an HTML page that runs in the background, independently of scripts that may also have been executed from the same HTML page. Web workers are often able to utilize multi-core CPUs more effectively.

The W3C and WHATWG envision web workers as long-running scripts that are not interrupted by scripts that respond to clicks or other user interactions. Keeping such workers from being interrupted by user activities should allow Web pages to remain responsive at the same time as they are running long tasks in the background.

The web worker specification is part of the HTML Living Standard.
FC Rakovski
FC Rakovski  is a Bulgarian football club based in Rakovski, Plovdiv Province, currently playing in the Southeast Third League, the third tier of Bulgarian football.

Rakovski managed to play three seasons in the second tier of Bulgarian football. In their first season in the second level, 2012–13, the team barely missed out on promotion to the A Group. However, in 2015, Rakovski was relegated.

2012–13 B Group
The 2012–13 B Group was the 57th season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system. It started on 19 August 2012 and finished in May 2013.

On 15 June the Executive Committee of Bulgarian Football Union decided to reduce further the number of teams due licensing problems in most of the clubs and reuniting the teams into one league. The new format will consist of 14 teams, playing twice against each other, once home and once away. A group of 16 teams was intended at first, but two teams decided to drop off the competition before the start of the season.

In contrast to the previous season, there was no 'promotion play-off', a decision made by the BFU to reduce the number of teams at A PFG. Instead, there were just two teams, promoting to A PFG, and 4 teams relegating from to the top league.
Malephora framesii
Malephora framesii is a small succulent plant that is part of the Aizoaceae family. The species is endemic to South Africa and occurs in the Northern Cape and Western Cape, from Hondeklip Bay to Saldanha Bay.

Saldanha Bay
Saldanha Bay (Afrikaans: Saldanhabaai) is a natural harbour on the south-western coast of South Africa. The town that developed on the northern shore of the bay, also called Saldanha, was incorporated with five other towns into the Saldanha Bay Local Municipality in 2000. The current population of the municipality is estimated at 72,000.

The place is mentioned in the first edition of John Locke's Two Treatises of Government as an example of the state of nature.

Saldanha Bay's location makes it a paradise for the watersport enthusiast, and its local economy being strongly dependent on fishing, mussels, seafood processing, the steel industry and the harbour. Furthermore, its sheltered harbour plays an important part in the Sishen-Saldanha iron-ore project (connected by the Sishen-Saldanha Railway Line) at which Saldanha Steel takes center stage.
Carlo Lottieri
Carlo Lottieri (born 6 November 1960) is Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Verona. Born in Brescia, he holds a bachelor's degree (summa cum laude) in Philosophy from the University of Genoa, a M.A. from the Institut Universitaire d’Etudes Européens (now attached to the University of Geneva), a M.A. and a Ph.D. from the Paris-Sorbonne University. His research interests cover philosophy of law, federalism,  American-style libertarianism, political theology, religion and public life, military ethics, elitism, evolutionary theory of law, commons and private property, and the modern state. He edited many works by Bruno Leoni in English, French, Italian, Spanish, and Czech. He is Professor of Philosophy of Law at the University of Verona, and Professor of Philosophy of Law and Philosophy of Social Sciences at Facoltà di Teologia di Lugano.

Paris-Sorbonne University
Paris-Sorbonne University (also known as Paris IV; French: Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV) was a public research university in Paris, France, active from 1971 to 2017. It was the main inheritor of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Paris. In 2018, it merged with Pierre and Marie Curie University and some smaller entities to form a new university called Sorbonne University and became its Faculty of Arts and Humanities.