hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foster, West Virginia
Foster is an unincorporated community in Boone County, West Virginia, United States. Foster is located on West Virginia Route 3, 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Madison. Foster has a post office with ZIP code 25081.

West Virginia Route 3
West Virginia Route 3 is a state highway in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It runs from West Virginia Route 10 in West Hamlin in a general easterly direction via Beckley to West Virginia Route 311 at Sweet Springs, most of the way across the state.

Route 3 crosses a particularly large part of the state's landscape. It goes through many counties including Monroe, Greenbrier, Summers, Raleigh, Boone, and Lincoln. At least two state parks are along the route. Moncove Lake State Park, in the southeastern part of the state, is just a few miles off the main road near Gap Mills. Little Beaver State Park is in Beaver, near the major city of Beckley.

WV 3 overlaps U.S. Route 119 in Boone County north of Madison and U.S. Route 219 from Union north to Pickaway.
George Branche
George Branche is a Sierra Leonean Olympic middle-distance runner. He represented his country in the men's 1500 meters, men's 800 meters, and men's 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1980 Summer Olympics. His time was a 4:03.84 in the 1500, a 1:54.60 in the 800 heats, and a 3:25.00 in the relay.

Demographics of Sierra Leone
The demographics of Sierra Leone are made up of an indigenous population from 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the south are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain, North America and slave ships captured on the high seas.

In the past, some Sierra Leoneans were noted for their educational achievements, trading activity, entrepreneurial skills, and arts and crafts work, particularly woodcarving. Many are part of larger ethnic networks extending into several countries, which link West African states in the area. Their level of education and infrastructure have declined sharply over the last 30 years.
Leslie Crockwell
Leslie Horace William Crockwell (1887 – 29 April 1961) was an English cricketer.  He was born in Newton Abbot, Devon to auctioneer George and Louisa Crockwell.

Crockwell first played for Devon in the 1908 Minor Counties Championship against Carmarthenshire.  From 1908 to 1914, he played infrequently for Devon, representing them in just 5 Championship matches.  He played his final Championship match against Monmouthshire. Crockwell later made a single first-class appearance for the Europeans (India) against the Parsees in 1920. In the Europeans first-innings he scored 19 runs before being dismissed by M.B. Vatcha and in their second-innings he was dismissed for a duck by P.H. Daruwala.

He also played cricket for the Shanghai Cricket Club, playing two matches against Hong Kong in 1911 and 1912.  Neither matches held first-class status.

Shanghai Cricket Club
The Shanghai Cricket Club is a cricket club based in Shanghai, China. The club dates back to 1858 when the first recorded cricket match was played between a team of British naval officers and a Shanghai XI. The original Shanghai Cricket Club ceased activities in 1948.

Following a 45-year dormancy after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, a new Shanghai Cricket Club (with a different Chinese name) was established in 1994 by expatriates living in the city and has since grown to over 300 members.
Andrea Piribauer
Andrea Piribauer is an Austrian para-alpine skier. She represented Austria at the 1992 Winter Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the Women's Super-G B1-3 event. She also competed in the Women's Giant Slalom B1-3 event where she finished in 4th place.

1992 Winter Paralympics
The 1992 Paralympic Winter Games (French: Jeux paralympiques d'hiver de 1992) were the fifth Winter Paralympics. They were the first Winter Paralympics to be celebrated with the International Olympic Committee cooperation. They were also the first ever Paralympics or a Winter Parasports event held in France. They were held at the resort of Tignes as a support venue of the main host city Albertville, France, from 25 March to 1 April 1992. For the first time, demonstration events in Alpine and Nordic Skiing for athletes with an intellectual disability and Biathlon for athletes with a visual impairment were held.
André Major
André Major (born April 22, 1942) is a Canadian writer from Quebec. He is most noted for his novel Les Rescapés, which won the Governor General's Award for French-language fiction at the 1976 Governor General's Awards. He was later nominated in the same category at the 1987 Governor General's Awards for L'Hiver au cœur and at the 1995 Governor General's Awards for La Vie provisoire, and for the Governor General's Award for French-language non-fiction at the 2008 Governor General's Awards for L'Esprit vagabond.

A poet in the early 1960s, he was a founding member alongside Paul Chamberland, André Brochu, Pierre Maheu and Jean-Marc Piotte of the political and cultural magazine Parti pris in 1963. In his early career he also wrote a number of radio and stage plays and numerous short stories. He also worked as a radio producer for Radio-Canada.

He was awarded the Prix Athanase-David in 1992.

His most recent novel, À quoi ça rime?, was published in 2013.

Governor General's Award for French-language non-fiction
The Governor General's Award for French-language non-fiction is a Canadian literary award that annually recognizes one Canadian writer for a non-fiction book written in French. It is one of fourteen Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit, seven each for creators of English- and French-language books. The Governor General's Awards program is administered by the Canada Council for the Arts.

The program was created and inaugurated in 1937, for 1936 publications in two categories, conventionally called the 1936 awards. French-language works were first recognized by the 1959 Governor General's Awards.
Minister of Health v New Clicks
New Clicks South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Tshabalala-Msimang and Another NNO; Pharmaceutical Society of South Africa and Others v Tshabalala-Msimang and Another NNO 2005 (2) SA 530 (C) is an important case in South African administrative law. However, note that this case went on appeal, first to the Supreme Court of Appeal and thereafter to the Constitutional Court, where the various judgments of Chaskalson, Ngcobo, Sachs, Moseneke and others had far-reaching effects on administrative law in South Africa. This article discusses the first hearing of this matter in the Cape Provincial Division. The final judgment is listed on SAFLII as Minister of Health and Another v New Clicks South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Others (CCT 59/2004) [2005] ZACC 14.

Western Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa
The Western Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa (previously named the Cape Provincial Division and the Western Cape High Court, and commonly known as the Cape High Court) is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the Western Cape province of South Africa (except for the Murraysburg district which falls within the jurisdiction of the Eastern Cape Division). The division, which sits at Cape Town, consists of 30 judges led by Judge President NP Mabindla-Boqwana.
Listed buildings in Denholme
Denholme is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.  It contains 17 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the small town of Denholme and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of houses and cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, three churches and associated structures, three mileposts, and a war memorial.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Dennis Coombe
Dennis Cameron Coombe (11 November 1911–1979) was a New Zealand amateur tennis player. He also worked as a tennis broadcaster and commentated at the Wimbledon Championships alongside Fred Perry for ITV.

Born in 1911, Coombe hailed from a prominent family in the Rangitikei area.

Coombe possessed a good all–round game and was regarded as a skilled tactician. A Wellington provincial player, Coombe was the North Island singles champion in 1935 and two years later became New Zealand national champion. He played a Davis Cup singles rubber for New Zealand in 1937, losing to Eustace Fannin of South Africa, then in 1939 partnered with Cam Malfroy to defeat the British pairing of Frank Wilde and Charles Hare in a doubles rubber.

A businessman by profession, Coombe lived for many years in England and served as a local representative for the New Zealand Lawn Tennis Association. He died in London in 1979.

Tennis New Zealand
36°52′45″S 174°50′35″E﻿ / ﻿36.87929°S 174.842992°E﻿ / -36.87929; 174.842992

Tennis New Zealand (commonly known by the acronym Tennis NZ or TNZ) (formally the New Zealand Lawn Tennis Association) is the governing body of tennis in New Zealand. Founded in 1886, it is one of the world's oldest tennis associations. It is affiliated to both International Tennis Federation and Oceania Tennis Federation. Tennis NZ has six geographically divided regional centres. Tennis NZ operates all of the New Zealand's national representative tennis sides, including the New Zealand Davis Cup team, the New Zealand Billie Jean King Cup team and youth sides as well. Tennis NZ is also responsible for organising and hosting tennis tournaments within New Zealand and scheduling the home international fixtures.
Shipwreck
A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of shipwrecking, which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately three million shipwrecks worldwide as of January 1999, according to Angela Croome, a science writer and author who specialized in the history of underwater archaeology  (an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations).
When a ship's crew has died or abandoned the ship, and the ship has remained adrift but unsunk, they are instead referred to as ghost ships.

Ghost ship
A ghost ship, also known as a phantom ship, is a vessel with no living crew aboard; it may be a fictional ghostly vessel, such as the Flying Dutchman, or a physical derelict found adrift with its crew missing or dead, like the Mary Celeste. The term is sometimes used for ships that have been decommissioned but not yet scrapped, as well as drifting boats that have been found after breaking loose of their ropes and being carried away by the wind or the waves.

Typically, derelict ghost ships did not remain adrift for very long, though there have been ghost ships that have been reported to remain adrift for many years, and their fates have remained unknown, such as SS Baychimo and Governor Parr.

More recently, ships which travel with their mandated automatic identification system (AIS) turned off to avoid detection and monitoring have also been referred to as ghost ships.
The False Count
The False Count, Or, A New Way to play An Old Game is a comedic play written by Aphra Behn, first performed in 1681 and published in 1682. It was staged by the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London. The cast included William Smith as Don Carlos, James Nokes as Francisco, John Freeman as Sebastian, John Wiltshire as Antonio, George Bright as Baltazer, Cave Underhill as Guzman, Anthony Leigh as Guilion, Elizabeth Currer as Isabella and Margaret Osborne as Jacinta.

Cave Underhill
Cave Underhill (1634–1710?) was an English actor in comedy roles.

Underhill entertained three generations of London theatre-goers. For over 40 years, as a member of the Duke's Company, Underhill played the first Gravedigger in Hamlet. He was also successful in playing Gregory in Romeo and Juliet, the clown in Twelfth Night, and Trinculo in The Tempest.
The Coincidentalist
The Coincidentalist is the 21st studio album by American singer-songwriter Howe Gelb. It was released on 5 November 2013 worldwide, by American independent label New West Records. Teaming up with M. Ward and Steve Shelley from Sonic Youth, Gelb brings eleven songs inspired by his native Arizona Desert, in which he recorded KT Tunstall's fifth album Invisible Empire // Crescent Moon earlier in 2013.

Recorded at Tucson's Wavelab Studio & Harvey Moltz's studio, The Coincidentalist is an Acoustic rock LP that features guest contributions from Bonnie 'Prince' Billy and KT Tunstall, and received critical acclaim.

During 2014, Howe Gelb embarked a Coincidentalist tour in America and Europe.

Steve Shelley
Steven Jay Shelley (born June 23, 1962) is an American drummer. He is best known as the longtime drummer of the alternative rock band Sonic Youth, for whom he played from 1985 until their 2011 disbandment.
Acquaviva, Montepulciano
Acquaviva is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Montepulciano, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 1,350.

Acquaviva is about 67 km from Siena and 8 km from Montepulciano.

Montepulciano
Montepulciano (Italian: [ˌmontepulˈtʃaːno]) is a medieval and Renaissance hill town and comune in the Italian province of Siena in southern Tuscany. It sits high on a 605-metre (1,985 ft) limestone ridge, 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Pienza, 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Siena, 124 kilometres (77 mi) southeast of Florence, and 186 kilometres (116 mi) north of Rome by car.

Montepulciano is a wine-producing region. The Vino Nobile di Montepulciano has Denominazione di origine controllata e garantita status and is, with the Brunello di Montalcino and Chianti Classico, one of the principal red wines of Tuscany. The Rosso di Montepulciano and Vin Santo di Montepulciano have Denominazione di origine controllata status.
Galium verrucosum
Galium verrucosum, common name warty bedstraw (US) or southern cleavers (UK), is a species of plants in the Rubiaceae. The epithet "verrucosum" means "warty" in reference to the numerous bumps on the mature fruit. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal and Morocco to Turkey and Palestine. It is reportedly naturalized in Great Britain, Central Europe (from Switzerland to Poland), the Canary Islands, Madeira, and Wayne County (Michigan).

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
UGM-89 Perseus
The UGM-89 Perseus was a proposed U.S. Navy submarine-launched anti-ship (AShM) and anti-submarine (ASW) cruise missile that was developed under the Submarine Tactical Missile (STAM) project, which was also referred to as the Submarine Anti-ship Weapon System (STAWS).  This missile system was to be the centerpiece for a proposed third-generation nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine championed by then-Vice Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the influential but controversial head of the Navy's nuclear propulsion program.

Anti-ship missile
An anti-ship missile (AShM or ASM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A large number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way.

Many anti-ship missiles can be launched from a variety of weapons systems including surface warships (also referred to as ship-to-ship missiles), submarines, bombers, fighter planes, patrol planes, helicopters, shore batteries, land vehicles, and, conceivably, even infantrymen firing shoulder-launched missiles. The term surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is used when appropriate. The longer-range anti-ship missiles are often called anti-ship cruise missiles. Several countries  are also developing anti-ship ballistic missiles.
Hawthorne test tunnel
The Boring test tunnel, or Hawthorne test tunnel, is a 1.14 miles (1.83 km) tunnel in Hawthorne, California, for testing hyperloop and "loop-based transportation". Boring of the tunnel started in 2016 and completed in December 2018. The single-bore tunnel was constructed during using a 14-foot (4.2 m) diameter tunnel boring machine, giving a finished 12-foot (3.8 m) internal diameter. The roadway has an asphalt surface, with autonomous vehicle operation of the Tesla Model 3 at speeds of 90 mph (140 km/h) and up to 116 mph (187 km/h) under human control. The Boring Company subsequently built the Las Vegas Convention Center Loop tunnel network.

Tesla Model 3
The Tesla Model 3 is a battery electric powered mid-size sedan with a fastback body style built by Tesla, Inc., introduced in 2017. The vehicle is marketed as being more affordable to more people than previous models made by Tesla. The Model 3 was the world's top-selling plug-in electric car for three years, from 2018 to 2020, before the Tesla Model Y, a crossover SUV based on the Model 3 chassis, took the top spot. In June 2021, the Model 3 became the first electric car to pass global sales of 1 million.

A facelifted Model 3 with revamped interior and exterior styling was introduced in late 2023 for countries supplied by Gigafactory Shanghai and in early 2024 in North America and other countries supplied by the Tesla Fremont Factory.
2019 Australian Open – Wheelchair quad doubles
Defending champions Dylan Alcott and Heath Davidson defeated Andy Lapthorne and David Wagner in the final, 6–3, 6–7(6–8), [12–10] to win the quad doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2019 Australian Open. It was the first step towards an eventual Grand Slam for Alcott.

Andy Lapthorne
Andrew David Lapthorne (born 11 October 1990) is a British wheelchair tennis player. He took up wheelchair tennis in 2005, and entered the quad division in 2008. He is active in both singles and doubles tournaments, and has 17 grand slam titles in singles and doubles. He competed at his first Summer Paralympics at London 2012 in the quad singles and in the quad doubles, in which he won a silver medal and is now a four-time Paralympic medallist and British no.1 Quad tennis player, who started playing wheelchair tennis at the age of 10.
Women's event at the 45th Chess Olympiad
The women's event at the 45th Chess Olympiad was from 11 to 22 September 2024. It was contested by a record number of 183 teams, representing 181 nations. Hungary, as host nation, fielded three teams. A total of 909 players participated in the open event.

India won the gold medal in the Women's event, which was their first overall win at the Chess Olympiads. Kazakhstan won the silver and the United States took the bronze medals. Dana Kochavi, playing as a reserve for Israel, had the highest rating performance of 2676 by achieving a perfect score of 8 out of 8 possible points. Individual gold medals were also won by Zhu Jiner of China with 7 out of 9 and a rating performance of 2597, Carissa Yip of the United States who had the highest individual score in the tournament of 10 out of 11 with a rating performance of 2634, Divya Deshmukh who scored 9½ out of 11 with a rating performance of 2608, and Vantika Agrawal of India with 7½ out of 9 and a rating performance of 2558.

Yuliia Osmak
Yuliia Vladyslavivna Osmak (Ukrainian: Юлія Владиславівна Осьмак) is a Ukrainian chess player who holds the title of Woman grandmaster (WGM, 2016) and International master (IM, 2017). Women's Chess Olympiad winner (2022).
Jhauwa Guthi
Jhauwa Guthi (Nepali झौवा गुठ्ठी) is a village development committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 6,362 people living in 993 individual households. There were 3,287 males and 3,075 females at the time of census. It is a village Development Committee(VDC) having 9 wards. The name of wards are : Jhauwaguthi01, Jhauwaguthi02,  Jhauwaguthi03, Jhauwaguthi04, Jhauwaguthi05, jhauwaguthi06 and Madhwal.  .

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Albert Davis (baseball)
Albert Davis was an American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played for the Detroit Stars from 1927 to 1931, along with a short stint with the Baltimore Black Sox in 1931, and the second version of the Detroit Stars in 1937.

Detroit Stars
The Detroit Stars were an American baseball team in the Negro leagues and played at historic Mack Park. The Stars had winning seasons every year but two, but were never able to secure any championships. Among their best players was Baseball Hall of Famer Turkey Stearnes.
Goedendag
A goedendag (lit. 'good day' in Dutch; also rendered godendac, godendard, godendart, and sometimes conflated with the related plançon) was a weapon originally used by the militias of Medieval Flanders in the 14th century, notably during the Franco-Flemish War. The goedendag was essentially a combination of a club with a spear. Its body was a wooden staff roughly 90 cm to 150 cm (3 to 5 feet) long with a diameter of roughly 5 cm to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches). It was wider at one end, and at this end a sharp metal spike was inserted by a tang.

The weapon was used to great effect by the guildsmen of Flanders' wealthy cities against the French knights at the Battle of the Golden Spurs near Kortrijk (Courtrai) on 11 July 1302. The goedendag is frequently seen in the hands of Flemish militia in contemporary depictions of the battle, such as the carvings on the Courtrai Chest, a 14th-century wooden chest. It is also seen on a paper copy of a lost fresco from the Leugemeete in Ghent.

Conflation
Conflation is the merging of two or more sets of information, texts, ideas, or opinions into one, often in error. Conflation is defined as 'fusing blending', but is often used colloquially as 'being equal to' – treating two similar but disparate concepts as the same. Merriam Webster suggested this shift in usage happened relatively recently, entering their dictionary in 1973.

In logic, it is the practice of treating two distinct concepts as one, which produces errors or misunderstandings as a fusion of distinct subjects tends to obscure analysis of relationships which are emphasized by contrasts. However, if the distinctions between the two concepts may appear to be superficial, intentional conflation can be desirable for the sake of conciseness and recall.