hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tayeb Benabderrahmane v. Qatar
Tayeb Benabderrahmane v. Qatar is an ongoing international investment arbitration case concerning the alleged arbitrary arrest, detention, torture, seizure of assets, and death sentence imposed in absentia by the State of Qatar on French-Algerian businessman and consultant, Tayeb Benabderrahmane.

The case is being adjudicated under the auspices of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and involves claims of breach of the 1996 Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) between France and Qatar on the reciprocal encouragement and protection of investments. In July 2025, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention adopted Opinion No. 28/2025, concluding that Benabderrahmane’s deprivation of liberty was arbitrary.

Asset forfeiture
Asset forfeiture or asset seizure is a form of confiscation of assets by the authorities. In the United States, it is a type of criminal-justice financial obligation. It typically applies to the alleged proceeds or instruments of crime. This applies, but is not limited, to terrorist activities, drug-related crimes, and other criminal and even civil offenses.  Some jurisdictions specifically use the term "confiscation" instead of forfeiture. The alleged purpose of asset forfeiture is to disrupt criminal activity by confiscating assets that potentially could have been beneficial to the individual or organization. Asset forfeiture was found to generally increase with the percentage of the assets retained depending on electoral incentives.
Classical Mongolian language
Classical Mongolian was the literary language of Mongolian that was first introduced shortly after 1600, when Ligdan Khan set his clergy the task of translating the whole of the Tibetan Buddhist canon, consisting of the Kangyur and Tengyur, into Mongolian. This script then became the established writing system used for all Mongolian literature until the 1930s when the Mongolian Latin alphabet was introduced, which then in 1941 was replaced by the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet.

Classical Mongolian was formerly used in Mongolia, China, and Russia. It is a standardized written language used in the 18th century and 20th centuries.

Classical Mongolian sometimes refers to any language documents in Mongolian script that are neither Pre-classical (i.e. Middle Mongol in the Mongolian script) nor modern Mongolian.

Kangyur
The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a defined collection of sacred texts recognized by various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, comprising the Kangyur and the Tengyur. The Kangyur or Kanjur is Buddha's recorded teachings (or the 'Translation of the Word'), and the Tengyur or Tanjur is the commentaries by great masters on Buddha's teachings (or the 'Translation of Treatises').
Parros
Parros is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clayton Parros (born 1990), American track and field athlete

George Parros (born 1979), American ice hockey player

Peter Parros (born 1960), American actor and screenwriter

Rick Parros (born 1958), American football player

Rick Parros
Rick U. Parros (born June 14, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Utah State Aggies. Parros was selected by the Denver Broncos in the fourth round of the 1980 NFL draft, for whom he played from 1981 through 1984. He was Denver's leading rusher in 1981 with 749 yards on 176 carries.

Parros also played for the Seattle Seahawks in 1985 and 1987.
29th National Television Awards
The 29th National Television Awards were held on 11 September 2024 at the O2 Arena and were hosted by Joel Dommett for the fourth year running. The longlist nominations were released on 21 May 2024 and the shortlist was announced on 20 August 2024.

Joel Dommett
Joel Patrick Dommett (born 8 June 1985) is an English comedian, television presenter and actor. After beginning his career as an actor, and appearing in various television shows including Casualty and Skins, he embarked on stand-up comedy and television presenting and became known for his television roles in Live in Chelsea (2011–2012) and Impractical Jokers UK (2012–2014).

Dommett was a contestant on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2016 and went on to present the spin-off show I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp (2017–2019) and I'm a Celebrity: Unpacked (2024–present) as well as an array of other shows including Hey Tracey! (2019–2020), The Masked Singer (2020–present), The Masked Dancer (2021–2022), the National Television Awards (2021–present), In With a Shout (2023–2024) and Survivor (2023).
Fletcher baronets of Hutton le Forest (1641)
The Fletcher baronetcy of Hutton le Forest (Hutton in the Forest, near Skelton), Cumberland was created on 19 February 1641 for Henry Fletcher. He served two terms as High Sheriff of Cumberland 1641–1643, raised a regiment for the Royalist forces of the First English Civil War, and was killed at the Battle of Rowton Heath in 1645. The baronetcy was extinct on the death of the 3rd Baronet in 1712.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
Osaka Seikei College
Osaka Seikei College (大阪成蹊短期大学, Ōsaka seikei tanki daigaku) is a private junior college in Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The precursor of the school was founded in 1933, and it was chartered as a university in 1951.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Schweizer SGS 1-34
The Schweizer SGS 1-34 is a United States Standard Class, single-seat, high-wing glider built by Schweizer Aircraft of Elmira, New York.

The 1-34 was designed over a number of years in the mid-1960s and first flew in 1969.

By the time the 1-34 was introduced it was no longer competitive in the Standard Class, but has proven very successful as a club aircraft, being a great "step-up" sailplane for post-solo students and accomplished pilots.

Glider competition classes
Competition classes in gliding, as in other sports, mainly exist to ensure fairness in competition.  However the classes have not been targeted at fostering technological development as in other sports.  Instead classes have arisen because of:

the popularity of certain types of glider

attempts to contain the cost of access to the sport

the need to establish a stable environment for investment decisions by both manufacturers and competitors.

The FAI Gliding Commission (IGC) is the sporting body overseeing air sports at the international level so that essentially the same classes and class definitions are followed in all countries.
Hawks (surname)
Hawks is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annie Hawks (1836–1918), American poet, gospel hymnist

Bill Hawks (born 1944), American politician, former civil servant, and an agricultural businessman

Candy Hawks-Massaroni, American politician

Charles Hawks, Jr. (1899–1960), Wisconsin politician

Francis L. Hawks (1798–1866), American priest of the Episcopal Church, and a politician in North Carolina.

Frank Hawks (1897–1938), American aviator, served in the U.S. Army in World War I, and record breaking aviator in 1920s and 1930s

Eli Hawks (1829–1900), American politician

Howard Hawks (1896–1977), American film director, producer and screenwriter

John D. Hawks, anthropologist

John Twelve Hawks, author of the 2005 dystopian novel The Traveler and its sequels

Nelson Hawks (1840–1929), American typographer, notable for creating the 12-points-per-inch pica typographical standard

Tony Hawks (born 1960), British comedian and author

Charles Hawks Jr.
Charles Hawks Jr. (July 7, 1899 – January 6, 1960) was an American businessman and Republican politician from Dodge County, Wisconsin.  He served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district during the 76th U.S. Congress (1939–1941).  He was an avowed isolationist in the lead-up to World War II and was praised by the German American Bund.  His grandfather, Eli Hawks, was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and mayor of Juneau, Wisconsin.  His father, Charles Hawks Sr., was a prominent banker and served as mayor of Horicon, Wisconsin.
2012 ACC Trophy Elite
The 2012 ACC Trophy Elite is a cricket tournament in UAE, taking place between 3 and 12 October 2012. It gives Associate and Affiliate members of the Asian Cricket Council experience of international one-day cricket and also helps form an essential part of regional rankings. This was the final ACC Trophy tournament as ACC split two-tier ACC Trophy into three-tier round robin ACC Premier League starting from 2014.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
Thoracochromis
Thoracochromis is a fish genus of haplochromine cichlids that are endemic to Africa. Most species are from rivers in Angola and Namibia, or the Congo River Basin in Central Africa, but T. wingatii is from the Nile system. Additionally, there are a few apparently undescribed species from the Nile system (two in its delta and one from lakes near Fayum), which appear to be close relatives of T. wingatii or Haplochromis loati. Many species have been moved between this genus and Haplochromis, and while some consensus has been reached in recent years, their mutual delimitation is still far from settled.

Max Poll
Max Fernand Leon Poll (21 July 1908 in Ruisbroek – 13 March 1991 in Uccle) was a Belgian ichthyologist who specialised in the Cichlidae. In the years 1946 and 1947 he organised an expedition to Lake Tanganyika.

He has described several species of Pseudocrenilabrinae, such as Lamprologus signatus, Steatocranus casuarius, Neolamprologus brichardi, and Neolamprologus pulcher.

He was a member of The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium, professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles, and conservator at the Royal Museum of the Belgian Congo in Tervuren.
He was an honorary member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.
Westworld season 1
The first season of the American science fiction western television series Westworld, subtitled The Maze, premiered on HBO on October 2, 2016, and concluded on December 4, 2016, consisting of ten episodes.

The television series was created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy, and it is based on the 1973 film of the same name, written and directed by Michael Crichton. The first season stars an ensemble cast led by Evan Rachel Wood, Thandiwe Newton, Jeffrey Wright, James Marsden, Ed Harris, and Anthony Hopkins.

The first season received critical acclaim, with particular praise for the visuals, story, and performances. The series received seven nominations at the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, including for Outstanding Drama Series; however, the series did not win in any category.

Ingrid Bolsø Berdal
Ingrid Bolsø Berdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈɪ̀ŋrɪ ˈbʊ̀lsøː ˈbæ̀ːɖɑɫ];) is a Norwegian actress. She started her career with the 2005 short film Limbo. Her first leading role was in the Norwegian slasher film Cold Prey (2006). She has since appeared in over fourteen films, including Chernobyl Diaries (2012), Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters (2013), and Hercules (2014). From 2016 to 2018, she played the role of Armistice in the HBO series Westworld (2016–2022).
Programming language reference
In computing, a programming language reference or language reference manual is part of the documentation associated with most mainstream programming languages. It is written for users and developers, and describes the basic elements of the language and how to use them in a program. For a command-based language, for example, this will include details of every available command and of the syntax for using it.

The reference manual is usually separate and distinct from a more detailed programming language specification meant for implementors of the language rather than those who simply use it to accomplish some processing task.

There may also be a separate introductory guide aimed at giving newcomers enough information to start writing programs, after which they can consult the reference manual for full details. Frequently, however, a single publication contains both the introductory material and the language reference.

User (computing)
A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. A user typically has a user account and is recognized by the system through a username. Some software products provide services to other systems and have no direct end users.
2007 Holiday Bowl
The 2007 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 27, 2007, in San Diego, California. It was part of the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season and 1 of 32 games in the 2007–08 bowl season. It featured the Texas Longhorns from the Big 12 against the Pac-10 co-champion Arizona State Sun Devils. Texas won, 52–34, and set Holiday Bowl records for the earliest score and for most points scored in the first quarter. Texas also set a school record for most points scored in a bowl game. A bizarre play involving Chris Jessee, a member of the Longhorn football operations staff and the stepson of the Texas head coach, has been cited as one of the strangest plays of the season.

Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football
The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represents the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in NCAA Division I FBS college football.  It was part of the Western Athletic Conference until July 2012, when the team joined the Mountain West Conference (MW) as a football-only member, with an upgrade to full MW membership pending in 2026. From 2000 until 2013, the team was known simply as the Warriors.
Loko, Nasarawa
Loko  is a town in Nasarawa local government area of Nasarawa State in the middle belt region or North central zone of Nigeria.It is found along the River Benue bank.
The town is a mini-port, along the river benue, for the conveyance of export materials, to the eastern and western parts of Nigeria.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Baisez-moi
"Baisez-moi" (French: "Kiss me") is a renaissance French chanson for 4 voices, anonymous in publication by Pierre Attaignant but attributed to the composer Josquin Desprez. The song was the model for masses by Petrus Roselli and the Missa Baises-moy by Mathurin Forestier.

Pierre Attaingnant
Pierre Attaingnant or Attaignant (c. 1494 – late 1551 or 1552) was a French music publisher, active in Paris. He was one of the first to print music by single-impression printing, greatly reducing the labor involved, and he published music by more than 150 composers.
2004 Pilot Pen Tennis – Doubles
Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez were the defending champions, but did not compete this year.

Nadia Petrova and Meghann Shaughnessy won the title by defeating Martina Navratilova and Lisa Raymond 6–1, 1–6, 7–6(7–4) in the final. It was the 10th doubles title for both players in their respective doubles careers. It was also the 6th title for the pair during the season, after their wins in Miami, Amelia Island, Berlin, Rome and Los Angeles.

Paola Suárez
Paola Suárez (Latin American Spanish: [paˈola ˈswaɾes]; born 23 June 1976) is a retired tennis player from Argentina. She was one of the most prominent women's doubles players throughout the early and mid-2000s, winning eight Grand Slam titles, all of them with Virginia Ruano Pascual, and holding the No. 1 doubles ranking for 87 non-consecutive weeks. She was also a singles top ten player and semifinalist at the 2004 French Open.
Jan Daniłowicz
Jan Daniłowicz (1570–1628) was a Polish nobleman, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodeship and grandfather of King Jan III Sobieski.

He was voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodship since 1613, castellan of Lviv since 1612, Great Krajczy of the Crown since 1600, Great Podczaszy of the Crown, łowczy of Belz, starost of Belz, Busk, Korsuń and Chyhyryn. In his youth he fought with the Tatars. In 1594 he participated in the suppression of the Nalyvaiko Uprising.

With his first wife Barbara Krasicka he had two daughters:

Katarzyna – wife of Andrzej Firlej

Marcjanna – wife of Stefan Koniecpolski

In 1605 he married Zofia Żółkiewska the daughter of Great Hetman of the Crown Stanisław Żółkiewski and had four children:

Zofia Teofila – mother of King of Poland Jan III Sobieski

Stanisław (d. 1636) – killed by Tatars

Jan (b. 1613, d. 1618)

Dorota – Benedictine Abbess in Lwów since 1640

Master of the hunt (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)
Master of the hunt (Polish: łowczy; Lithuanian: medžioklis; Latin: venator) was a Polish royal court official from the 13th century with responsibility for organising hunts and guarding royal forests against poachers. Masters of the Hunt also served at the regional courts of magnates in various provinces.

From the 15th century, "Master of the Hunt" was an honorary court title and a district office in the Kingdom of Poland and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Łowczy wielki koronny - Crown Grand Master of the Hunt

Łowczy wielki litewski - Lithuanian Grand Master of the Hunt

Łowczy wojewódzki - Voivodship Master of the Hunt

Łowczy ziemski - District Master of the Hunt

Łowczy nadworny - Court Master of the Hunt

Podłowczy - Deputy Master of the Hunt
A83 autoroute
The A83 autoroute is a motorway in France.  It is in the departments of Pays-de-la-Loire and Poitou-Charentes operated by ASF.  It connects Nantes to Niort via Fontenay-le-Comte.  The motorway has a junction with the A10 at Niort which gives access to the north and to Bordeaux connection.  The A83 forms part of the Autoroute des Estuaires.  The total length is 152.5 km.  It is also part of the European route E3.

Niort
Niort (French pronunciation: [njɔʁ] ⓘ; Poitevin: Niàu; Occitan: Niòrt; Latin: Novioritum) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres.

The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the urban area.
Dasymutilla klugii
Dasymutilla klugii, also known as Klug's velvet ant, is a species of velvet ant. Found in south-central North America from Utah to Puebla, it is the most commonly encountered velvet ant in Texas.: 84  Velvet ants are actually parasitic wasps, among the species used by D. klugii to incubate their young are cicada-killer wasps (Sphecius grandis).: 84

The specific name honors German entomologist Johann C. F. Klug.: 84

Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug
Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug (5 May 1775, in Berlin – 3 February 1856, in Berlin), was a German entomologist.
He described the butterflies and some other insects of Upper Egypt and Arabia in Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg and Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich's Symbolæ Physicæ (1829 in Berlin – 1845). He was professor of medicine and entomology  in the University of Berlin (known in the present day as the Humboldt University of Berlin) where he curated the insect collections from 1810 to 1856. At the same time he directed the Botanic Garden in Berlin which contains his collections. Klug worked mainly on Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. The plant genus Klugia (now called Rhynchoglossum, Family Gesneriaceae) was named in his honour as well as the butterflies Geitoneura klugii and Heliophisma klugii.

In 1855, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Kochubeyevsky Park
Kochubeyevsky Park or Kochubeivskyi Park (Ukrainian: Кочубеївський парк) is a park in Baturyn, Nizhyn Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine. It is a part of the National Historical and Cultural Preserve "Hetman's Capital".

It has an area of 9.9 hectares.

Nizhyn Raion
Nizhyn Raion  (Ukrainian: Ніжинський район) is a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Nizhyn. The area of Nizhyn Raion is located within the Dnieper Lowland, in Polissya. The leading sectors of the Nizhyn Raion economy are agriculture, food industry, and forestry. Population: 215,908 (2022 estimate).
Death of Li Keqiang
Li Keqiang, former premier of the People's Republic of China and member of the 17th, 18th, and 19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, died on 27 October 2023 at 00:10 CST in Shanghai, aged 68.

Li Keqiang became the youngest Premier at the time of leaving office and the earliest to die among all Premiers since the 1949 proclamation of the People's Republic of China.

Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery
The Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery (Chinese: 八宝山革命公墓) is Beijing's main resting place for the highest-ranking revolutionary heroes, high-ranking party and state leaders and, in recent years, individuals deemed of major importance due to their contributions to society. In Chinese, Babaoshan literally means "The Eight-Treasure Mountains". The cemetery is located in Babaoshan Subdistrict, Shijingshan District, in western Beijing Municipality.