hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
General Service Enlistment Act
The General Service Enlistment Act was a general order issued by the Government of India on 25 July 1856.

It required every soldier enlisting in the Bengali Army from that point forward to go overseas for deployment if required. The order was brought just before the Anglo-Persian War. The British were reluctant to send a force overland to Herat since they were reminiscent of the disasters of the First Anglo-Afghan War. Instead, the Government of India decided to launch a maritime expeditionary force to attack the general area of Bushehr, the primary port of entry to Persia at the time.

For that reason, Lord Canning, the Governor-General of India, decided to pass the act that forced deployment literally overseas, as he was aware of the resistance he would face because of the kala pani taboo. It was thus one of the main causes for the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

First Anglo-Afghan War
The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British Empire and the Emirate of Kabul from 1838 to 1842. The British initially successfully invaded the country taking sides in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mohammad Khan (Barakzai) and former King Shah Shujah (Durrani), whom they reinstalled upon occupying Kabul in August 1839. The main British Indian force occupied Kabul and endured harsh winters. The force and its camp followers were almost completely massacred during its 1842 retreat from Kabul.

The British then sent what was widely termed an "Army of Retribution" to Kabul to avenge the destruction of the previous forces. After recovering prisoners, they left Afghanistan by the end of the year. Dost Mohammed returned from exile in India to resume his rule.

It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between Britain and Russia.
Amita Berthier
Amita Marie Nicolette Berthier OLY (born 15 December 2000) is a Singaporean, left-handed foil fencer. She attended the University of Notre Dame from 2018 to 2023, clinching 4 individual NCAA Fencing Championships medals. Representing Singapore, Berthier has won 3 SEA Games gold medals and qualified for 2 Olympic Games.

On 16 December 2017, Berthier became the first Singaporean fencer to win a Junior World Cup title at the Havana leg in Cuba in the eight-leg series.

SEA Games
The Southeast Asian Games, commonly known as SEA Games, is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under the regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia.

The SEA Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia, the others being South Asian Games, West Asian Games, East Asian Games, and Central Asian Games.
Warriors Five
Warriors Five (Italian: La guerra continua, French: La dernière attaque) is a 1962 black and white Italian-French-Yugoslavian international co-production war film directed by Leopoldo Savona and starring Jack Palance, Giovanna Ralli, and Serge Reggiani. It is set during World War II. It was released in the US by American International Pictures as a double feature with Samson and the Seven Miracles of the World.

Double feature
The double feature is a motion picture industry practice in which movie theaters would exhibit two films for the price of one, supplanting an earlier format in which the presentation of one feature film would be followed by various short subject reels.
Double-walled pipe
A double-walled pipe is a secondary contained piping system.  It is a pipe within a pipe, or encased in an outer covering, with an annulus (interstitial space) between the two diameters. The inner pipe is the primary or carrier pipe and the outer pipe is called the secondary or containment pipe.  The great majority of double-walled piping applications involve wastewater, groundwater, and process safety.

Wastewater
Wastewater (or waste water) is water generated after the use of drinking water, fresh water, raw water, or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes.: 1  Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer infiltration or sewer inflow".: 175  In everyday usage, wastewater is commonly a synonym for sewage (also called domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
2014 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500
The 2014 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on October 26, 2014, at Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia. Contested over 500 laps on the 0.526-mile (0.847-kilometre) short track, it was the 33rd race of the 2014 Sprint Cup Series season, as well as the seventh race of ten in the Chase for the Sprint Cup. Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the race, his fourth win of the season. Jeff Gordon finished second, while Ryan Newman, Tony Stewart, and Joey Logano rounded out the Top 5. The top rookies in the race were Austin Dillon (12th), Justin Allgaier (17th), and Cole Whitt (18th).

Ridgeway, Virginia
Ridgeway is a town in Henry County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Ridgeway had a population of 752. It is part of the Martinsville Micropolitan Statistical Area. Martinsville Speedway, a NASCAR racetrack, is located just within Ridgeway town limits.
Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences
The Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Russian: Доклады Академии Наук СССР, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (DAN SSSR), French: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS [kɔ̃t ʁɑ̃dy də lakademi de sjɑ̃s də ly.ɛʁ.ɛs.ɛs]) was a Soviet journal that was dedicated to publishing original, academic research papers in physics, mathematics, chemistry, geology, and biology. It was first published in 1933 and ended in 1992 with volume 322, issue 3.

Today, it is continued by Doklady Akademii Nauk (Russian: Доклады Академии Наук), which began publication in 1992. The journal is also known as the Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).

Doklady has had a complicated publication and translation history. A number of translation journals exist which publish selected articles from the original by subject section; these are listed below.

The journal is indexed in Russian Science Citation Index.

American Geosciences Institute
The American Geosciences Institute (AGI) is a nonprofit federation of about 50 geoscientific and professional organizations that represents geologists, geophysicists, and other earth scientists. The organization was founded in 1948. The organization's offices are in Alexandria, Virginia. The name of the organization was changed from the American Geological Institute on October 1, 2011.
Montojo Island
Montojo Island (Bulgarian: остров Монтохо, romanized: ostrov Montojo, IPA: [ˈɔstrof monˈtɔxo]) is the predominantly ice-covered rocky island 527 m long in southwest-northeast direction and 140 m wide in the southwest extremity of Biscoe Islands in Antarctica. Its surface area is 4.96 ha.

The feature is named after Frigate Capt. Javier Montojo Salazar (1965-2018), Spanish Navy, who died after falling overboard from the research ship Hespérides in South Bay, Livingston Island. The accident happened while he was a member of the scientific team of a satellite navigation project.

Biscoe Islands
Biscoe Islands is a series of islands, of which the principal ones are Renaud, Lavoisier (named Serrano by Chile and Mitre by Argentina), Watkins, Krogh, Pickwick and Rabot, lying parallel to the west coast of Graham Land and extending 150 km (81 nmi) between Southwind Passage on the northeast and Matha Strait on the southwest. Another group of islands are the Adolph Islands.

The islands are named for John Biscoe, the commander of an English expedition which explored the islands in March 1832.
Bhasaur
The village of Bhasaur is situated on state Highway No. 11 between Dhuri and Maler Kotla towns in Sangrur District of East Punjab. New Delhi is around 240 km and the state capital is 140 km away. Nearby villages include Ranchna (Rajinderapuri), Banbhauri, Babbanpur, Sangala, Sangali, Himtana (Lachabaddi).

East Punjab
East Punjab was a province of the Dominion of India from 1947 until 1950. It consist of  parts of the Punjab Province of British India that remained in India following the partition of the state between the new dominions of Pakistan and India by the Radcliffe Commission in 1947. The mostly Muslim western parts of the old Punjab became Pakistan's West Punjab, later,  renamed as Punjab Province, while the mostly Hindu and Sikh eastern parts remained with India.
Spartacus Trial
The Spartacus Trial (Italian: Processo Spartacus) was a series of criminal trials, each specifically directed against the activities of the powerful Casalesi clan of the Camorra. The trial was opened at the Corte d'Assise of Santa Maria Capua Vetere in Caserta. It was named after the historical gladiator, Spartacus (who led a rebellion of slaves beginning in old Capua against the ancient Roman Republic). The trial was initially chaired by its president, Catello Marano on 1 July 1998. It continued just over ten years, until its final verdict was eventually read on 19 June 2008.

Corte d'Assise
The Corte d'Assise (English: Court of Assizes) is an Italian court composed of two professional, stipendiary judges or giudici togati; and six lay judges or giudici popolari, who are selected from the people. The Corte d'Assise has jurisdiction to try all crimes carrying a maximum penalty of 24 years in prison or more. These are the most serious crimes, such as terrorism and murder. Slavery, killing a consenting human being, and helping a person to commit suicide are also serious crimes that are tried by this court. Penalties imposed by the court can include life sentences (ergastolo). The Corte d'Assise does not preside over cases involving attempted murder.

The prosecution is conducted by the Public Prosecutor (Pubblico Ministero). Decisions are made by giudici togati and giudici popolari together at a special meeting held behind closed doors, named Council Chamber (Camera di Consiglio), and the Corte d'Assise is required to publish written explanations of its decisions.
Kiran Ramsay
Karan Ramsay (alias Kiran Ramsay) is a producer, sound designer and director of Bollywood films. He was one of the Ramsey Brothers, a group of siblings who worked as directors, producers and editors in the Bollywood industry. His brothers were Shyam Ramsay, Kumar Ramsay, Keshu Ramsay Tulsi Ramsay Gangu Ramsay and Arjun Ramsay.

Kumar Ramsay
Kumar Ramsay was an Indian films screenwriter and producer, and the members of Ramsay Brothers. He is known for movies like Telephone 1985, Andhera 1975 and Rustam Sohrab 1963. He was the son of F.U. Ramsay.
Grace Dangmei
Grace Dangmei (born 5 February 1996) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Sribhumi and the India women's national team. She was part of the team from 2014 to 2022 Asian Games. At the 2016 South Asian Games she scored two goals against Sri Lanka. During the 2016 SAFF Women's Championship she scored a goal in the final, helping India clinch its fourth consecutive title.

Sribhumi FC
Sribhumi Football Club (Bengali: শ্রীভূমি ফুটবল ক্লাব), also known as Sreebhumi, is an Indian professional football section of Sribhumi Sporting Club. It is a residential club based in Chandannagar, Hooghly district, about 40km from Kolkata, West Bengal. The club plays in the Calcutta Football League. Their women's team participated in Indian Women's League, and currently participates in the Calcutta Women's Football League.
Cape Hope
Cape Hope (Danish: Kap Hope; Greenlandic: Noorajik Kangitteq, meaning 'the western little cape') is a headland in the Scoresby Sound, east Greenland, Sermersooq municipality.

There was a hamlet east of the cape known as Kap Hope (Itserajivit or Ittaajimmiit, in East and West Greenlandic, respectively).  This settlement was closed in 2005.  It appeared in one episode of the Canadian series Departures.

Administrative divisions of Greenland
Greenland is divided into five municipalities and two unincorporated areas. The municipalities are Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Sermersooq. Northeast Greenland National Park is a huge unincorporated area that is outside the municipalities and larger than any of them. Pituffik Space Base is a small unincorporated enclave surrounded by the Avannaata municipality and administered by the United States Space Force.
Baháʼí Faith in Brazil
The Baháʼí Faith in Brazil started in 1919 with Baháʼís first visiting the country that year, and the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly in Brazil was established in 1928. There followed a period of growth with the arrival of coordinated pioneers from the United States finding national Brazilian converts and in 1961 an independent national Baháʼí community was formed. During the 1992 Earth Summit, which was held in Brazil, the international and local Baháʼí community were given the responsibility for organizing a series of different programs, and since then the involvements of the Baháʼí community in the country have continued to multiply. The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated some 42211 Baháʼís in 2005.

Porto Feliz
Porto Feliz (Portuguese: Happy Haven) is a municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The population is 53,402 (2020 est.) in an area of 556.69 km2. The elevation is 523 m. The largest factory in the city called a Porto Feliz S/A is responsible for the demand for corrugated cardboard packaging of the entire state and all Brazil. The mother of Queen Silvia of Sweden, Alice Soares de Toledo, was born in this city.
Hangleton & Knoll (ward)
Hangleton & Knoll is an electoral ward in Hove, England. The population of the ward at the 2021 census was 15,227. The ward elects three councillors to Brighton and Hove City Council; as of 28 February 2025, they are Amanda Grimshaw, Faiza Baghoth and John Hewitt, all of the Labour Party. The ward is part of the parliamentary constituency of Hove and Portslade.

Hove
Hove (/hoʊv/ HOHV) is a seaside town in East Sussex, England. Alongside Brighton, it is one of the two main parts of the city of Brighton and Hove.

Originally a fishing village surrounded by open farmland, it grew rapidly in the 19th century in response to the development of its eastern neighbour Brighton; by the Victorian era it was a fully developed town with borough status. Neighbouring parishes such as Aldrington and Hangleton were annexed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighbouring urban district of Portslade was merged with Hove in 1974. In 1997, as part of local government reform, the borough merged with Brighton to form the Borough of Brighton and Hove; this unitary authority was granted city status in 2000.
Chintaman Ganesh railway station
Chintaman Ganesh railway station is a small railway station in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, which is built near the Chintaman Ganesh Temple. Its code is CNN. This railway station is built across the Shipra River on the Ujjain–Fatehabad broad-gauge railway line. The station consists of double platform. The platform is well sheltered. The main railway station of Ujjain, Ujjain Junction, is always preferred over Chintaman Ganesh station for catching several trains.

In 2014, the station was closed due to gauge conversion of the Ujjain–Fatehabad line from meter gauge to broad gauge.

This railway station was re-opened in 2021, after the gauge conversion of the Ujjain - Fatehabad was completed, several amenities were also added to it.

Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj
Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj is a small town in Madhya Pradesh in Central India. It lies on the border of Ujjain district and Indore district.

Fatehabad and Chandrawatiganj are two villages are next to each other, but Fatehabad is under the jurisdiction of the Ujjain district and Chandrawatiganj is under the Indore district.

It has its own railway station. Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj has its railway junction on the Ratlam–Indore line with a link line going to Ujjain Junction.

A cenotaph of Maharaja Ratan Singh of Ratlam was made here. He died fighting against Aurangzeb.
Connie Chiu
Connie Chiu (born 1969) is a fashion model and jazz musician known for being the world's first fashion model with albinism.

Chiu was born in British Hong Kong and grew up in Kowloon. The congenital absence of pigmentation in her skin and hair, makes them sensitive to the sun. To avoid Chiu's exposure to Hong Kong's intensive sun, her family moved to Sweden when she was seven years old.

Connie Chiu was first introduced to modeling at age 21, when her sister asked her to become a model at one of her final shows. After sending a black-and-white photograph to French fashion designer Jean-Paul Gaultier, he invited her to model at his autumn/winter 1994 show. At age 25, Chiu began modeling for fashion photographers such as Terry Richardson, Paul Burley, Heidi Niemala and Morten Smidt. Chiu later studied journalism.

Chiu starred in the music video for the single "Stalker" by Recoil, the solo project of Depeche Mode member Alan Wilder.

Recoil (band)
Recoil is a musical project created by English musician and former Depeche Mode member Alan Wilder. Recoil began whilst Wilder was still in Depeche Mode as an outlet for his experimental, less pop-oriented compositions. Once he announced his departure from the group in 1995, Recoil became Wilder's primary musical enterprise.
Hombourg, Belgium
Hombourg (French pronunciation: [ɔ̃buʁ]; German: Homburg; Dutch: Homburg; Limburgish: (op) Homerech; Walloon: Hôbâr) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Plombières, located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

Limburgish
Limburgish (Limburgs [ˈlɪm˦bʏʀ(ə)xs] or Lèmburgs [ˈlɛm˦-]; Dutch: Limburgs [ˈlɪmbʏr(ə)xs]; also Limburgian, Limburgic or Limburgan) is the collective designation for a group of closely related language varieties spoken in most of Belgian and Dutch Limburg and in the adjacent areas of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Limburgish dialects lack a standardized form and instead comprise multiple varieties, each with its own distinctive features. A characteristic feature of many dialects of Limburgish is the occurrence of a lexical pitch accent (Franconian tone accent), which these dialects adopted from and share with the adjacent Central Franconian dialects of German.

In the Netherlands, Limburgish has been officially recognized as a regional language by the Dutch government since 1997. In Belgium and Germany, Limburgish dialects have no formal legal status.
Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia
The Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia (TEIWM; Greek: Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα  Δυτικής Μακεδονίας, ΤΕΙΔΜ; formerly Technological Educational Institute of Kozani, TEIKOZ, Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Κοζάνης, TEIKOZ) was a state-run institute of highest education based in Kozani, Western Macedonia, Greece.

The institution also operated satellite campuses in the nearby towns of Kastoria, Florina, Grevena and Ptolemaida.

Ptolemaida
Ptolemaida (Greek: Πτολεμαΐδα, romanized: Ptolemaïda, Katharevousa: Πτολεμαΐς, Ptolemaïs) is a town and a former municipality in the Kozani regional unit of Western Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Eordaia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It is known for its coal (lignite) mines and its power stations.
Total personal income
Total personal income is defined by the United States' Bureau of Economic Analysis as:

income received by persons from all sources. It includes income received from participation in production as well as from government and business transfer payments. It is the sum of compensation of employees (received), supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation adjustment (IVA) and capital consumption adjustment (CCAdj), rental income of persons with CCAdj, personal income receipts on assets, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance.

Total personal income is a key value in calculating per capita income. It differs from private income in a number of ways.

Bureau of Economic Analysis
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the United States Department of Commerce is a U.S. government agency that provides official macroeconomic and industry statistics, most notably reports about the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States and its jurisdictions.  They also provide information about personal income, corporate profits, and government spending in their National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs).

The BEA is one of the principal agencies of the U.S. federal statistical system. Its stated mission is to "promote a better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing the most timely, relevant, and accurate economic data in an objective and cost-effective manner".

BEA has about 500 employees and an annual budget of approximately $101 million.
Alan DeSousa
Alan DeSousa (born 1959) is a city councillor from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He is also the borough mayor of Saint-Laurent, and the former chairman of the Montreal Executive Committee. He is currently vice-chairman in charge of sustainable development, the environment, parks and green spaces.

He was a member of the Union Montreal majority municipal party until its dissolution in 2013.

By profession he is a chartered accountant.

On June 19, 2013, he declared himself a candidate for the job of interim mayor of Montreal after the resignation of Michael Applebaum. However, in the council session on June 25 to select the new interim mayor, DeSousa withdrew his candidacy before the vote, endorsing Harout Chitilian.

Saint-Laurent, Quebec
Saint-Laurent (French: [sɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃] ⓘ) is a borough of the city of Montreal, Canada, located in the northern part of the island. Although it is no longer an independent city, it is still commonly known as Ville Saint-Laurent (City of Saint-Laurent) or by its initials, VSL.

Saint-Laurent is the largest of Montreal's boroughs by land area. Its population was 98,828 inhabitants in 2016.
Coen Carrier Station
Coen Carrier Station is a heritage-listed telegraph station at Coleman Close, Coen, Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. It was designed and built in 1942 by the Postmaster-General's Department. It is also known as Coen Telegraph Station and Coen Carrier Repeater Station. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 May 1997.

Postmaster-General's Department
The Postmaster-General's Department (PMG) was a department of the Australian government, established at Federation in 1901, whose responsibilities included the provision of postal and telegraphic services throughout Australia. It was abolished in December 1975 and replaced by the Postal & Telecommunications Department. Two separate legal entities had been established in July 1975 to take over the department's operations: Telecom Australia (that later became Telstra) and Australia Post.