hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Random column packing
Random column packing is the practice of packing a distillation column with randomly fitting filtration material in order to optimize surface area over which reactants can interact while minimizing the complexity of construction of such columns. Random column packing is an alternative to structured column packing.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Tonia Sutherland
Tonia Sutherland is an American archivist and educator with an expertise in Black archival studies. She conducts research on critical archival studies, digital studies, and science and technology studies. Sutherland earned a master's degree in library and information science in 2005 and a doctorate in 2014 from the University of Pittsburgh. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in history, performance studies, and cultural studies from Hampshire College.

Sutherland is the child of two Caribbean immigrants and grew up in Pennsylvania. She identifies as queer and is a first-generation college graduate.

Her published books include Resurrecting the Black Body: Race and the Digital Afterlife, published by the University of California Press in October 2023.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
1845 Manchester Borough Council election
Elections to Manchester Borough Council were held on Saturday, 1 November 1845. One third of the councillors seats were up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a three-year term of office. The Liberal Party retained overall control of the council.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Davey Brozowski
Davey Brozowski (born October 17, 1982) is an American drummer and percussionist from Seattle, WA. He has toured with Modest Mouse as their percussionist. Other acts include Cayucas, The Catheters, Black Whales, and Tall Birds. In 2010, Brozowski also toured with Broken Bells as their live percussionist alongside Brian Burton aka Dangermouse. He also played drums during the set whenever Burton would move to keyboards or guitar.

Brozowski provided drums and percussion on the studio album Darkness Brings the Wonders Home, released in 2020 by the UK duo Smoke Fairies.

Brozowski plays a sit down style cocktail kit with Modest Mouse that is modeled after a Rogers Parklane and custom made by C&C Drums.

His partner is Ra Ra Riot violinist Rebecca Zeller, with whom he shares two children.

Broken Bells
Broken Bells is an American indie rock band composed of artist-producer Brian Burton (better known as Danger Mouse) and James Mercer, the lead vocalist and guitarist for the indie rock band The Shins. Broken Bells compose and create as a duo, but are joined by Dan Elkan and Jon Sortland when performing live.  The previous live band included Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band sidemen Nate Walcott and Nik Freitas, and Jonathan Hischke and Dan Elkan, both ex-members of Hella. Following their 2010 self-titled debut album, the duo released an EP, Meyrin Fields, in 2011 and their second studio album, After the Disco, in 2014. In 2022 they released a third studio album, Into the Blue.
HD 76151
HD 76151 is a high proper motion, G-type main-sequence star and solar analog in the constellation of Hydra 54.95 light-years from Earth. It has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 6.00, which means it is faintly visible to the naked eye under good viewing conditions. An infrared excess has been detected around this star, most likely indicating the presence of a circumstellar disk at a radius of 7.9 AU. The temperature of this dust is 99 K.

HD 76151 has an age of roughly 5.5 billion years old, with estimates ranging from 3.4 to 9.6 billion years. The stellar atmosphere has an effective temperature of around 5,790 K (5,520 °C; 9,960 °F). The radius of HD 76151 is 1.125 solar radii (783,000 km) based on spectroscopic observations, though Gaia DR3 estimates a radius of 0.977 solar radii (680,000 km). It is slightly metal-rich and is a member of the thin disk population.

Circumstellar disc
A circumstellar disc (or circumstellar disk) is a torus-, pancake- or ring-shaped accretion disk of matter composed of gas, dust, planetesimals, asteroids, or collision fragments in orbit around a star. Around the youngest stars, they are the reservoirs of material out of which planets may form. Around mature stars, they indicate that planetesimal formation has taken place, and around white dwarfs, they indicate that planetary material survived the whole of stellar evolution. Such a disc can manifest itself in various ways.
2021 Tour of Norway
The 2021 Tour of Norway was a men's road cycling stage race which took place from 19 to 22 August 2021. It was the 10th edition of the Tour of Norway, which was rated as a 2.Pro event on the 2021 UCI Europe Tour and the 2021 UCI ProSeries calendars. This edition was the race's first in the UCI ProSeries; the 2020 edition was expected to feature in the inaugural UCI ProSeries but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The race was originally six stages long and scheduled to be held from 19 to 24 May, but it was later reduced to four stages and scheduled to begin instead on 21 May. However, on 16 April, the shortened race was postponed to 19–22 August due to a spike in COVID-19 cases.

2020 UCI ProSeries
The 2020 UCI ProSeries is the inaugural season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The 2020 season initially consisted of 58 events of which 31 are one-day races (1.Pro) and 27 are stage races (2.Pro). There are 50 events in Europe, 5 in Asia, and 3 in America. The new calendar, which was presented in mid-May, consists of 29 events.
1884 Serbian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 25 January 1884 to elect members of the National Assembly. The governing Conservative Party won 58 of the 130 seats. King Milan appointed a further 44 members. Following the elections, Milutin Garašanin of the Progressive Party became prime minister.

Conservative Party (Kingdom of Serbia)
The Conservative Party (Serbian: Конзервативна странка), also known as the Conservatives (Serbian: Конзервативци), was a political organization in the Principality of Serbia.

During its existence, it didn't operate as a political party, but rather as a political organization, since the official registration of political parties was introduced by law in 1881. Its most prominent members were Ilija Garašanin, Toma Vučić Perišić, Jovan Marinović and Nikola Hristić. Their political opponents were the liberals.
Jules Destrée
Jules Destrée (French: [dɛstʁe]; Marcinelle, 21 August 1863 – Brussels, 3 January 1936) was a Walloon lawyer, cultural critic and socialist politician.  The trials subsequent to the strikes of 1886 determined his commitment within the Belgian Labour Party.  He wrote a Letter to the King in 1912, which is seen as the founding declaration of the Walloon movement.  He is famous for his quote "Il n'y a pas de Belges" (There are no Belgians), pointing to the lack of patriotic feelings in Flemings and Walloons, while pleading for some kind of federal state.

Cultural critic
A cultural critic is a critic of a given culture, usually as a whole. Cultural criticism has significant overlap with social and cultural theory. While such criticism is simply part of the self-consciousness of the culture, the social positions of the critics and the medium they use vary widely. The conceptual and political grounding of criticism also changes over time.
A Shot at History
A Shot at History: My Obsessive Journey to Olympic Gold is 2011 autobiography of Indian 2008 Summer Olympics Gold medalist Abhinav Bindra. He won the medal in the 10-metre air rifle category, which made him India's first ever individual gold medalist; this victory came after he received the seventh rank at the 2004 Athens Olympics. However, due to Bindra's inexperience in writing, he co-authored the book with sportswriter Rohit Brijnath, which took them two years to complete. After it was released on October 20, 2011, at nationwide stores by Harpercollins, Union Sports minister Ajay Maken formally released the book on October 27, 2011, at a function in New Delhi. The book's subsequent Bangalore release in November 2011 was done by Rahul Dravid and went on to receive good reviews.

Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports is a branch of the Government of India which administers the Department of Youth Affairs and the Department of Sports in India. Mansukh Mandaviya is the current Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports followed by his Deputy Raksha Khadse.

The ministry also gives the annual National Youth Awards, National Sports awards in various categories, including the Arjuna Award and Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna awards.
Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan
The Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan (ITCM) is a joint Tribal organization which represents the twelve federally recognized Native American tribes in the state of Michigan. It was organized as a 501(c)(3) organization in 1968 by four Michigan tribes with the intention to pool resources and aid in negotiations with non-tribal government bodies. The organization has since incorporated the other eight federally recognized tribes in Michigan and provides programs to improve the health and welfare of Native Americans in Michigan.

Tribe (Native American)
In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe, or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning.

A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty, a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States.
Mary Bentley (politician)
Mary Elizabeth Bentley (born December 26, 1961) is a businesswoman from Perryville, Arkansas, who is a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for District 73, which encompasses parts of Yell, Pope, Perry, and Conway counties in the central portion of her state.

On March 16, 2021, Bentley introduced House Bill 1749 which sought to provide safeguards for teachers who address students by other than their preferred name or pronouns. She argued in support of the bill by saying, "It's helping those professors and teachers in our schools that do not want to be sued for not using a certain person's pronoun." Human rights advocates said that the bill targeted transgender people.

In 2021, she sponsored legislation to allow the teaching of the pseudoscientific religious theory of creationism in public schools.

Yell County, Arkansas
Yell County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,263. The county has two county seats, Dardanelle and Danville.  Yell County is Arkansas's 42nd county, formed on December 5, 1840, from portions of Scott and Pope Counties. It was named after Archibald Yell, who was the state's first member of the United States House of Representatives and the second governor of Arkansas. He died in combat at the Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican–American War. Yell County is part of the Russellville micropolitan statistical area. Yell County is a dry county, as alcohol is prohibited.
Slade, County Wexford
Slade (Irish: An Slaod) is a small village and townland in County Wexford, Ireland. The townland, which has an area of approximately 1 square kilometre (0.4 sq mi), sits on the Hook Peninsula and had a population of 52 people as of the 2011 census. Slade has historically been a fishing port, and was defended by Slade Castle from the late 15th century. In the south of the townland, there is evidence of an earlier ringfort. The harbour in Slade village was extended in the mid-19th century and built upon piers dating from at least the 17th century. A salt-house was built here in the 17th century, to salt (preserve) the fish landed in the harbour. There is a small beach next to the harbour, and Hook Sub Aqua Club (a scuba diving
club) is based nearby.

Ringfort
Ringforts or ring forts are small circular fortified settlements built during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Middle Ages up to about the year 1000 AD. They are found in Northern Europe, especially in Ireland. There are also many in South Wales and in Cornwall, where they are called rounds. Ringforts come in many sizes and may be made of stone or earth. Earthen ringforts would have been marked by a circular rampart (a bank and ditch), often with a stakewall. Both stone and earthen ringforts would generally have had at least one building inside.
Josef Turek
Josef Turek (born November 15, 1971) is a Czech ice hockey coach and former player.

Turek was most recently head coach of MHk 32 Liptovský Mikuláš of the Tipsport Liga for the 2020–21 season, but was fired on September 2, 2020 after just two pre-season games which included a 13-2 loss to HK Dukla Trenčín.

Before coaching, Turek played as a forward most notably for HC Plzeň of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League and HKm Nitra of the Slovak Extraliga.

HC Škoda Plzeň
HC Škoda Plzeň is a professional ice hockey team based in Plzeň, Czech Republic and was founded in 1929. They currently play in the Czech Extraliga, with their home games being held at Logspeed CZ Arena. In 2013, for the first time in history, HC Plzeň were the Czech Extraliga champions after beating Zlín 4:3 in the seventh game of the dramatic final.
Warm Spring
Warm Spring (Chinese: 暖春; pinyin: Nuǎn Chūn) is a 2003 Chinese film produced by Shanxi Film Studio.

Wulan Tana was the director and writer of this film which won her the Golden Rooster Award for Best Directorial Debut in 2003.  The film was also named one of three Best Films at the 2004 Hundred Flowers Awards.

Hundred Flowers Awards
The Hundred Flowers Awards (Chinese: 大众电影百花奖; pinyin: Dàzhòng Diànyǐng Bǎihuā Jiǎng) are, together with the Golden Rooster Awards, the most prestigious film awards honouring the best in Chinese cinema, as well as Hong Kong cinema and the Cinema of Taiwan. They are classified as the Chinese equivalent of the United States' Golden Globes.

The awards were inaugurated by China Film Association in 1962 and sponsored by Popular Cinema (大众电影) magazine, which has the largest circulation in mainland China.

The awards were formerly voted by the readers of Popular Cinema annually. Recent polls allow voters to cast ballots through SMS, the Internet, or by phone call. Voting is now no longer confined to readers of Popular Cinema. Award recipients receive a statuette in the shape of a goddess of Flowers (花神).
TADDOL
In organic chemistry, TADDOL is an acronym for α,α,α',α'-tetraaryl-2,2-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol.  These compounds are easily accessed and are often used as chiral auxiliaries.

TADDOLs consist of a dioxolane ring substituted with two mutually transoid diarylhydroxymethyl Ar2COH) groups.  They are derived from d,l-tartaric acid, an inexpensive C2-symmetric molecule.  Condensation of dimethyl ester of d,l-tartaric acid with acetone gives the acetonide, a particular kind of dioxalane.  The ester groups are susceptible to reaction with aryl Grignard reagents, leading after hydrolysis to the diol.

Acetonide
In organic chemistry, an acetonide is the functional group composed of the cyclic ketal of a diol with acetone. The more systematic name for this structure is an isopropylidene ketal. Acetonide is a common protecting group for 1,2- and 1,3-diols. The protecting group can be removed by hydrolysis of the ketal using dilute aqueous acid.
Cinema of Albania
The film industry in Albania comprises the art of films and movies made within the country or by Albanian directors abroad. Albania has had an active cinema industry since 1897 and began strong activities in 1940 after the foundation of both the "Kinostudio Shqipëria e Re" and National Center of Cinematography in Tirana.

In consideration to the Albanian diaspora, there are several internationally renowned actors such as the Albanian-Americans Eliza Dushku, Klement Tinaj, Masiela Lusha, Jim and John Belushi, Kosovo-Albanians Bekim Fehmiu and Arta Dobroshi,Turkish-Albanian Barish Arduç and Albanian-German Aleksandër Moisiu

Albania annually hosts several International Film Festivals. The most important is certainly the Tirana International Film Festival, which takes place in the capital of Tirana. Born in 2008, the Durrës International Film Festival is also among the most prominent exhibitions held in summer at the Amphitheatre of Durrës.

International Film Summerfest of Durrës
The Durrës International Film Festival or Durrës International Film Summerfest, officially International Film Summerfest of Durrës (Albanian: Festivali Ndërkombëtar Veror i Filmit në Durrës, is the newest international film festival in Albania. Founded by Durrës Municipality in 2008, the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on Durrës Amphitheatre in Durrës, Albania.

The 7th Festival is taking place from 9 to 14 September 2014.
Leopold Buildings
Leopold Buildings is a historic tenement block of flats in Bethnal Green, in the East End of London, England, in what is now the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is located on Columbia Road, not far from Columbia Road Market.

The flats were built in 1872 by The Improved Industrial Dwellings Company, the philanthropic Model dwellings company founded and chaired by Sir Sydney Waterlow. It was built on land leased by Angela Burdett-Coutts - then the richest woman in Britain and, for her philanthropy, nicknamed the "Queen of the Poor".

The buildings were Grade II listed by English Heritage in 1994. Following years of neglect, the block was completely refurbished in a £3.5 million project in 1997 by the Floyd Slaski practice for the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and Ujima Housing Association, in conjunction with English Heritage.

Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts
Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts (née Burdett; 21 April 1814 – 30 December 1906) was a British philanthropist, the daughter of Sir Francis Burdett, 5th Baronet and Sophia, formerly Coutts, daughter of banker Thomas Coutts. In 1837 she became one of the wealthiest women in England when she inherited her grandfather's fortune of around £1.8 million (equivalent to £210,000,000 in 2023) following the death of her stepgrandmother, Harriot Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans. She joined the surnames of her father and grandfather, by royal licence, to become Burdett-Coutts. Edward VII is reported to have described her as "[a]fter my mother, the most remarkable woman in the kingdom".
G0511 Deyang–Dujiangyan Expressway
The G0511 Deyang–Dujiangyan Expressway (Chinese: 德都高速公路, 德都高速) is a part of Chengdu Economic Zone Ring Expressway, starting from Deyang City in Sichuan Province, passing through Shifang, Pengzhou, only in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province.

Dujiangyan City
Dujiangyan (Chinese: 都江堰; pinyin: Dūjiāngyàn) is a county-level city of Sichuan Province, Southwest China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chengdu. Its north-west region forms a border with southern Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. It has an area of 1,208 km2 (466 sq mi) and had a population of 710,056 in 2020.

Dujiangyan was formerly a county named Guanxian or Guan County (灌县; 'irrigation county'). The county became a county-level city in 1988 and was renamed after the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, in the city's northwest, famous for providing Chengdu with water for over two millennia, since around 250 BC.
Jones, Louisiana
Jones is an unincorporated community in Morehouse Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community is located along U.S. Route 165, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north-northeast of Bonita. Jones has a post office with ZIP code 71250.

Morehouse Parish, Louisiana
Morehouse Parish (French: Paroisse de Morehouse) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,629. The parish seat is Bastrop. The parish was formed in 1844.

Morehouse Parish comprises the Bastrop, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Monroe–Ruston–Bastrop, LA Combined Statistical Area.
Dub Taylor
Walter Clarence "Dub" Taylor Jr. (February 26, 1907 – October 3, 1994) was an American character actor who from the 1940s into the 1990s worked extensively in films and on television, often in Westerns but also in comedies. He is the father of actor and painter Buck Taylor.

The Undefeated (1969 film)
The Undefeated is a 1969 American Western and Civil War-era film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and starring John Wayne and Rock Hudson. 
The film portrays events surrounding the French Imperial intervention in Mexico during the 1860s period of the neighboring American Civil War. It is also loosely based on Confederate States Army General Joseph Orville Shelby's factual escape to Mexico after the American Civil War (1861–1865), and his attempt to join with Maximilian I of Mexico's Imperial Mexican forces.