hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conodont Alteration Index
The Conodont Alteration Index (CAI) is used to estimate the maximum temperature reached by a sedimentary rock using thermal alteration of conodont fossils. Conodonts in fossiliferous carbonates are prepared by dissolving the matrix with weak acid, since the conodonts are composed of apatite and thus do not dissolve as readily as carbonate. The fossils are then compared to the index under a microscope. The index was first developed by Anita Epstein and colleagues at the United States Geological Survey.

The CAI ranges from 1 to 6, as follows:

The CAI is commonly used by paleontologists due to its ease of measurement and the abundance of Conodonta throughout marine carbonates of the Paleozoic. However, the organism disappears from the fossil record after the Triassic period, so the CAI is not available to analyze rocks younger than 200 million years. Additionally, the index can be positively skewed in regions of hydrothermal alteration.

Apatite
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ion, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the individual minerals are written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Ca10(PO4)6Cl2.

The mineral was named apatite by the German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1786, although the specific mineral he had described was reclassified as fluorapatite in 1860 by the German mineralogist Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg. Apatite is often mistaken for other minerals. This tendency is reflected in the mineral's name, which is derived from the Greek word ἀπατάω (apatáō), which means to deceive.

As hydroxyapatite, it forms a major part of the teeth and bones of vertebrate animals.
1959 United Kingdom general election in Scotland
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday, 8 October 1959 and all 71 seats in Scotland were contested. The Unionists, who aligned with the Conservative and Unionist Party at a UK level, together with their allies the National Liberals, won the largest number of votes, but lost out in seats to the Labour Party. Across the UK as a whole, the Conservatives won 365 seats, and returned as government with a majority of 100 seats.

Jo Grimond, now party leader for the Liberals, was returned as his party's only MP, representing Orkney and Shetland. The election also saw David Robertson returned as in "Independent Unionist" for Caithness and Sutherland. Robertson was the sitting MP for the seat, having resigned from taking the Conservative whip at Westminster in January of 1959. Robertson was not opposed by an official Unionist candidate.

National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)
The National Liberal Party, known until 1948 as the Liberal National Party, was a liberal political party in the United Kingdom from 1931 to 1968. It broke away from the Liberal Party on the issue of abandoning free trade and supporting protectionism, and later co-operated and merged with the Conservative Party.
Groundwater in the Comoros
Groundwater resources and occurrence in the Comoros Islands are variable owing to geological variability. Young volcanic islands, including the active Karthala volcano on Grande Comore, host two types of aquifers; a widespread basal aquifer characterised by deep groundwater table, high hydraulic conductivity, high recharge rate and saltwater intrusion issues in coastal areas, and local perched aquifer systems. Older, weathered volcanic islands such as Mayotte are characterised by more complex groundwater occurrence through discontinuous successions of perched aquifers. The Glorioso coral islands host a shallow freshwater lens fed by rainfall infiltration where freshwater-saltwater interactions and spatial patterns are strongly influenced by topography and evapotranspiration processes.

Lens (hydrology)
In hydrology, a lens, also called freshwater lens or Ghyben-Herzberg lens, is a convex layer of fresh groundwater that floats above the denser saltwater and is usually found on small coral or limestone islands and atolls.  This aquifer of fresh water is recharged through precipitation that infiltrates the top layer of soil and percolates downward until it reaches the saturated zone.  The recharge rate of the lens can be summarized by the following equation:

Where  is the recharge rate in meters,  is precipitation (m), and  is evapotranspiration (m) of water.  With higher amounts of recharge, the hydraulic head is increased, and a thick freshwater lens is maintained through the dry season.  Lower rates of precipitation or higher rates of interception and evapotranspiration will decrease the hydraulic head, resulting in a thin lens.
Naval Beach Group Two
Naval Beach Group Two, (NBG-2) is a United States Navy amphibious unit based at Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia Beach, Virginia. Naval Beach Group One is its sister unit based in Naval Amphibious Base Coronado in Coronado, California.

Over-the-horizon radar
Over-the-horizon radar (OTH), sometimes called beyond the horizon radar (BTH), is a type of radar system with the ability to detect targets at very long ranges, typically hundreds to thousands of kilometres, beyond the radar horizon, which is the distance limit for ordinary radar. Several OTH radar systems were deployed starting in the 1950s and 1960s as part of early-warning radar systems, but airborne early warning systems have generally replaced these. OTH radars have recently been making a comeback, as the need for accurate long-range tracking has become less important since the ending of the Cold War, and less-expensive ground-based radars are once again being considered for roles such as maritime reconnaissance and drug enforcement.
2022 Salinas Challenger – Doubles
Nicolás Barrientos and Sergio Galdós were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Yuki Bhambri and Saketh Myneni won the title after defeating JC Aragone and Roberto Quiroz 4–6, 6–3, [10–7] in the final.

Saketh Myneni
Saketh Myneni (born 19 October 1987) is an Indian professional tennis player. He has a career-high doubles ranking of No. 74 achieved on 16 January 2023. He was conferred with the prestigious Arjuna Award in 2017 and represents India in the Davis Cup. He won a gold medal in Mixed doubles and a silver medal in the men's doubles event at the Incheon Asian Games 2014. He has won 10 ITF and 2 ATP Challenger singles titles. Also, 18 ITF and 14 ATP Challenger doubles titles.
Agave gypsophila
Agave gypsophila (common names – gypsum century plant, blue wave agave) is a species of plant in the Asparagaceae family and is endemic to the Mexican state of Guerrero. The specific epithet, gypsophila, means gypsum loving.

Agave gypsophila was described by Howard Scott Gentry in 1982. In 2013, J. Antonio Vazquez-Garcıa, et al. proposed a narrower circumscription of Agave gypsophila based on both ecological and morphological characteristics. The Agave gypsophila sens. lat. (in the broad sense) of Howard Scott Gentry was divided into five species: Agave abisaii, A. andreae, A. gypsophila sens. strict. (in the strict sense), A. kristenii and A. pablocarrillioi. All five species are narrow range endemics in south west Mexico.

Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (/əsˌpærəˈɡeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.  This family includes both common garden plants as well as common houseplants.  The garden plants include asparagus, yucca, bluebell, lily of the valley, and hosta, and the houseplants include snake plant, corn cane, spider plant, and plumosus fern.

The Asparagaceae is a morphologically heterogenous family with the included species varying widely in their appearance and growth form. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with genera and species contained in the family native to all continents except Antarctica.
Givi
Givi can refer to:

Kivi, Iran, a city in Iran

Givi (name), Georgian given name

Italian motorcycle accessory company, pronounced ‘Jee Vee’, founded by former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer Giuseppe Visenzi

Mikhail Tolstykh, nicknamed Givi, Donbas military commander

Giuseppe Visenzi
Giuseppe Visenzi (born 22 January 1941 in Brescia) is an Italian former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. His best year was in 1969 when he finished third in the 350cc world championship, behind Giacomo Agostini and Silvio Grassetti.
Tenali–Repalle branch line
Tenali–Repalle branch line is a electrified single track railway section in South Central Railway zone. It connects Tenali and Repalle of Guntur district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Further, this section intersects Howrah–Chennai main line and Guntur–Tenali section at Tenali. Electrification of the section will be taken and the budget for the same was allocated in the year 2018–19.

Single-track railway
A single-track railway is a railway where trains traveling in both directions share the same track. Single track is usually found on lesser-used rail lines, often branch lines, where the level of traffic is not high enough to justify the cost of constructing and maintaining a second track.
Meat jun
Meat jun is a Korean fusion dish consumed in Hawaii, United States. It is also called "beef jun" outside of Hawaii. The dish is a variant of jeon (Korean pan-fried dishes) and descends from sogogi-jeon (소고기전). It consists of thinly sliced marinated beef dipped in an egg batter that is then pan-fried, or deep-fried, and typically served with rice, macaroni salad and banchan, like how many other plate lunches in Hawaii are served. Unlike typical beef jeon, in meat jun the beef is marinated. Meat jun is served as an everyday dish.

Soy sauce
Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds. It is recognized for its saltiness and pronounced umami taste.

Soy sauce was created in its current form about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China. Since then, it has become an important ingredient in East and Southeast Asian cooking as well as a condiment worldwide.
Biddle House (St. Georges, Delaware)
Biddle House, also known as the Vandergrift-Biddle House, is a historic home located near Port Penn and St. Georges, New Castle County, Delaware.  The house underwent five distinct periods of growth and in the process has grown from a one-room-plan plank house to an extended rambling two-story structure. The earliest section was built about 1780, with the first modification made in the early-19th century. It was later expanded during the Victorian era with wings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

HABS documentation

Saint Georges, Delaware
Saint Georges is an unincorporated town and former municipality situated on the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal in New Castle County, Delaware, United States, approximately midway between the Delaware River and Chesapeake Bay.
Tara Singh Hayer
Tara Singh Hayer OBC (November 15, 1936 – November 18, 1998) was an Indian-Canadian newspaper publisher and editor who was murdered after his outspoken criticism of fundamentalist violence and terrorism. In particular, he was a key witness in the trial of the Air India Flight 182 bombing.

Hayer was the founder of the Indo-Canadian Times, the largest and oldest Punjabi-language weekly newspaper in Canada and the leading Punjabi-language newspaper in North America. The paper—distributed in Canada, the United States, and England—was regularly used by Hayer to speak out against violent extremist groups.

He is the first, and one of the few journalists in Canada, to have been killed specifically for his work.

Committee to Protect Journalists
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in New York City, with correspondents around the world. CPJ promotes press freedom and defends the rights of journalists. The American Journalism Review has called the organization "Journalism's Red Cross." Since the late 1980s, CPJ has published an annual census of journalists killed or imprisoned in relation to their work.
St. Andrews, Nova Scotia
St. Andrews (Gaelic: Cill Rìbhinn) is a rural suburban community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, in Antigonish County. It is situated a fifteen minutes' drive from the Town of Antigonish in an area of rural hilly terrain. The community has grown in recent years and has a reputation for its cooperative community spirit, and was recognized for its character by a 2009 Lieutenant Governor's Community Spirit Award. Community effort has resulted in the addition of several new facilities including a curling rink, seniors complex, community centre, and numerous other projects.

Antigonish County
Antigonish County is a historical county and census division of Nova Scotia, Canada. Local government is provided by the Municipality of the County of Antigonish, the Town of Antigonish, and by two reserves: Pomquet and Afton 23, and Summerside 38.
Morgan Alling
Sven Robert Morgan Alling (born Persson; 8 June 1968) is a Swedish actor, screenwriter and film and theatre director.

Alling graduated from the Malmö Theatre Academy in 1990. He rose to fame in 1993 as co-host of children's television show Tippen. He participated in Stjärnorna på slottet in 2016.

Royal Dramatic Theatre
The Royal Dramatic Theatre (Swedish: Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern, colloquially Dramaten) is Sweden's national stage for "spoken drama", founded in 1788. Around one thousand shows are put on annually on the theatre's five running stages.

The theatre has been at its present location in the Art Nouveau building at Nybroplan, Stockholm, since 1908. The theatre was built by the architect Fredrik Lilljekvist. Famous artists like Carl Milles and Carl Larsson were involved in making the decorations, and some of the interior decorations were made by Prince Eugen.

The theatre's acting school, the Royal Dramatic Training Academy, produced many actors and directors who would go on to be famous, including Gustaf Molander (who also taught there), Alf Sjöberg, Greta Garbo, Vera Schmiterlöw, Signe Hasso, Ingrid Bergman, Gunnar Björnstrand, Max von Sydow, and Bibi Andersson. The school was split off as a separate institution in 1967 (see Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting).
Brandon Tennant
Brandon Tennant (born July 2, 1991) is a Canadian football defensive lineman, who is currently playing for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He was drafted by the Roughriders in the seventh round of the 2015 CFL draft, 59th overall. He played CIS football for the Laval Rouge et Or from 2011 to 2014, where he won two Vanier Cup championships.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
2015 Miami Open
The 2015 Miami Open presented by Itaú, also known as 2015 Miami Masters, was a professional men and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 31st edition of the Miami Masters, and was part of the Masters 1000 category on the 2015 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier Mandatory category on the 2015 WTA Tour. All men and women's events took place at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida, United States, from March 24 through April 5, 2015.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
The Bad Seed (1985 film)
The Bad Seed is a 1985 American made-for-television horror film directed by Paul Wendkos for ABC Television.

In the film, freak fatal accidents force a widow to realize her precocious 9-year-old daughter was born to kill. Based on the William March novel The Bad Seed (1954), the film is a remake of the original film The Bad Seed (1956) as directed by Mervyn LeRoy.

Wait Till Helen Comes
Wait Till Helen Comes is a 1986 novel by American author Mary Downing Hahn. It was first published on January 1, 1986, through HarperCollins and has since gone through several reprints. The book won a 1989 Young Reader's Choice Award and follows a young girl that must deal with supernatural events that surround her. The book deals with the subjects of death and suicide, which has led some parents to request that the book be removed from school reading lists and school libraries.
Jean Milko
Jean Ann Milko is an American politician who has served as vice chair of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party.

A member of the Democratic National Committee from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 2004, she previously served as a delegate from Pennsylvania to the Democratic National Convention in 1972 and 2000. She then continued her service as a delegate in 2004 and 2008.

Pennsylvania Democratic Party
The Pennsylvania Democratic Party (PADems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is headquartered in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and is the largest political party in the state. Its chair is Eugene DePasquale.

As of 2025, it controls two out of five statewide offices including the governorship, one U.S. Senate seat, 7 out of 17 U.S. House seats, and the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Along with the Pennsylvania Republican Party, it is one of the two major parties in the state.
Overcompensate (song)
"Overcompensate" is a song by American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released on February 29, 2024, through Fueled by Ramen as the lead single of their seventh studio album Clancy. It was written and produced by frontman Tyler Joseph alongside Paul Meany. The song peaked at number 64 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 34 in the UK, making it their fourth-highest-charting song there, behind "The Contract", "Heathens" and "Stressed Out".

Fueled by Ramen
Fueled by Ramen, LLC (Fueled by Ramen, Inc. until 2005) is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Atlantic Music Group. The label, founded in Gainesville, Florida, in 1996, is now based in New York City.
Inchture Village railway station
Inchture Village railway station was a railway station in the village of Inchture, Perthshire, Scotland.

The Inchture Railway Bus service operated a service from its junction at Inchture railway station northwards along a one and a half mile stretch to the village of Inchture. Although operated by the Caledonian Railway (as part of the Dundee and Perth Railway), this was not a railway in the true sense, but a horse-drawn tramway. It began service in 1848 and during its peak ran six return journeys on weekdays, before it eventually closed on 1 January 1917. The building which used to house the tramcar still exists today in the form of a private house, with the outlines of the former garage doors still clearly visible.

Dundee and Perth Railway
The Dundee and Perth Railway (D&PR) was a Scottish railway company. It opened its line in 1847 from Dundee to a temporary station at Barnhill and extended to Perth station in 1849. It hoped to link with other railways to reach Aberdeen and changed its name to the Dundee and Perth and Aberdeen Railway Junction Company, but this early attempt was frustrated, and for some years it failed to make a physical connection with other railways in Dundee.

It was taken over by the larger Scottish Central Railway in 1863.

Most of its main line is still in use today as the Perth to Dundee section of the railway network.
Nizhny Dubovets
Nizhny Dubovets (Russian: Нижний Дубовец) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') and the administrative center of Chermoshnyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  218 (2010 Census); 228 (2002 Census);

Medvensky District
Medvensky District (Russian: Ме́двенский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,090 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Medvenka. Population: 16,324 (2021 Census); 16,558 (2010 Census);  19,220 (2002 Census); 21,528 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Medvenka accounts for 27.6% of the district's total population.
Paprika (1932 film)
Paprika is a 1932 German comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starring Franciska Gaal, Paul Hörbiger and Paul Heidemann. Made by the German branch of Universal Pictures, it was based on a hit play by Max Reimann and Otto Schwartz. A French-language version and an Italian-language version were released the following year. It is also known by the alternative title of Marriage in Haste. In the US, the film was released almost 2 years later in German on 18 May 1934 in the Yorkville theater in New York City under the title  Wie man Maenner fesselt (How to Charm Men).

This was the debut film of actress Claire Glib, who was known also for The Yellow Flag (1937) and Robert and Bertram (1939).

It was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Gustav A. Knauer and Walter Reimann.

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.