hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metamorphosis (Yeng Constantino album)
Metamorphosis is the fourth studio album by Filipina singer-songwriter Yeng Constantino, released in the Philippines on January 28, 2013, by Star Music. The album was certified Gold by PARI. The album spawned the singles "B.A.B.A.Y" and hit song "Chinito", and "Sanadata", "Josephine."

Philippine Association of the Record Industry
The Philippine Association of the Record Industry (Filipino: Kapisanan ng Industriya ng Plaka ng Pilipinas, abbreviated as PARI) is a non-profit and private trade organization, that represents the recording industry distributors in the Philippines.

The PARI was formed on February 10, 1972, and today is composed of 14 corporate members and 13 associate members. Since then, the association had worked with the Congress on drafting music copyright laws and had helped conduct raids on music pirates with the National Bureau of Investigation, Philippine National Police, Criminal Investigation and Detection Group and Optical Media Board.

It is also responsible for awarding music recording certifications in the Philippines. Annually, PARI organizes different music events such as the Awit Awards.
Kilemi Mwiria
Dr Mwiria Valerian Kilemi (born May 17, 1954) is a Kenyan politician and scholar. He belongs to the Maendeleo Chap Chap party headed by Machakos Governor Alfred Mutua and was elected to represent the Tigania West Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya in the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.

In 2012, he contested and lost the Meru County gubernatorial seat to Peter Munya, in a disputed election that was unsuccessfully challenged in court. At the moment, he is the presidential advisor on education. He has also contested for Member of Parliament, Tigania west, in the 2022 elections and lost. His most notable achievements has been the chairing of the task force mandated to review the secondary school fees structure. This has been lauded by parents and the general public at large.

Governor of Machakos
The governor of the County of Machakos is the chief executive of the Kenya Devolved Government of Machakos County. The governor is the head of the executive branch of  County government of Machakos.

The current governor is Wavinya Ndeti, of Wiper Party. Wavinya Ndeti  is the second governor of the County.
Orchestre Métropolitain
The Orchestre Métropolitain (French pronunciation: [ɔʁkɛstʁ metʁɔpɔlitɛ̃], OM) is a symphony orchestra in Montréal, Québec, formed in 1981. It performs primarily in the Montreal Symphony House at Place des Arts but also at Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier and Théâtre Maisonneuve. Outside the city centre the OM plays in Saint-Laurent, Outremont, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, Saint-Léonard, Verdun, Ahuntsic, Pierrefonds-Roxboro, and Pointe-Claire.

Ahuntsic
Ahuntsic (/əˈhʌntsɪk/; Canadian French pronunciation [aɔntsɪk], colloquially [ɔntsɪk]) is a district in the northern part of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Originally an independent village, Ahuntsic was first annexed by Montreal in 1910, then merged into the borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville in 2002.

It is home to Collège Ahuntsic and Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard. It is also known for being home to the oldest church on the island of Montreal, the Church of La Visitation-de-la-Bienheureuse-Vierge-Marie.
John Bethune (Canadian minister)
John Bethune (Scottish Gaelic: an t-Urr. Iain Beutan) (1751 – September 23, 1815) was a Scottish Presbyterian minister, who served and helped found  Reformed congregations among the Scottish diaspora in the Colony of North Carolina, Quebec, and in Upper Canada.

After fighting on the losing side during the American Revolution, Rev. Bethune fled northward and settled with other "United Empire Loyalists" in what remained of British North America. He founded Canada's first Presbyterian Churches, first in Montreal and then among his fellow Gaels in Glengarry County, Ontario.

Rev. Bethune is the common ancestor of a very large and notable Scottish-Canadian extended family connected with the fur trade, politics, medicine, law and the ministry in several church denominations. He is the great-great-grandfather of Norman Bethune, the Canadian physician and medical innovator, and the great-great-great-grandfather of legendary stage and screen actor Christopher Plummer.

Scottish Canadians
Scottish Canadians (Scottish Gaelic: Canèidianaich Albannach) are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and amongst the first Europeans to settle in the country, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times. According to the 2016 Census of Canada, the number of Canadians claiming full or partial Scottish descent is 4,799,010, or 13.93% of the nation's total population. Prince Edward Island has the highest population of Scottish descendants at 41%.

The Scots-Irish Canadians are a similar ethnic group. They descended from Lowland Scots and Northern English people via Ulster and so some observe many of the same traditions as Scots.

Categorically, Scottish Canadians comprise a subgroup of British Canadians which is a further subgroup of European Canadians.
St Bride's Church
St Bride's Church is a Church of England church in Fleet Street in the City of London. Likely dedicated to Saint Bridget perhaps as early as the 6th century, the building's most recent incarnation was designed by Sir Christopher Wren in 1672, though Wren's original building was largely gutted by fire during the London Blitz in 1940 and then reconstructed in a neo-baroque style in the 1950s.

Due to its location in Fleet Street, it has a long association with journalists and newspapers. The church is a distinctive sight on London's skyline and is clearly visible from a number of locations. Since 2012, St Bride's celebrates usually on the first or second Thursday of November, the "Journalists' Commemorative Service".

With its steeple standing 226 feet (69m) tall, it is the second highest of all Wren's church spires, with only St Paul's itself having a higher pinnacle.

John Dryden
John Dryden (/ˈdraɪdən/; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate.

He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Romantic writer Sir Walter Scott called him "Glorious John".
Forgotten Tomb
Forgotten Tomb is an Italian extreme metal band from Piacenza. It was founded in 1999 by Ferdinando "Herr Morbid" Marchisio as a one-man black metal project after the disbanding of his previous black metal band Sacrater. The lyrical themes of the band's early albums revolve mostly around depression and suicide, while the recent albums' lyrics deal with negativity and nihilism. To date, the group has released ten full-length albums.

Pessimism
Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking.
Camus Bour
Bour Camus, or Camus Bour Lesparre, also known as Camus the Bastard was a mercenary captain during the Hundred Years War. He was of Navarrese or Gascon origin.

After the Treaty of Brétigny in the Hundred Years War, he and his  troops found themselves unemployed and joined up with the so called Tard-Venus bandits who pillaged much of southern France. His story is mentioned in the Chronicles of Froissart.

After the Battle of Brignais, he went to Italy, with Hawkwood, Creswey and Briquet, to make war against Galeas II Visconti and Bernabo Visconti, lords of Milan.
During the wars he threw prisoners into a pit full of fire, if they would not or could not redeem their freedom.

He was captured in December 1367 in the castle of Beauvoir by the people of the Duke of Bourbon.

Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage.

Throughout history, the practice of war looting was often considered a customary right of victorious armies until the development of modern international humanitarian law.

Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In modern armed conflicts, looting is prohibited by international law, and constitutes a war crime. The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 explicitly prohibited pillage and looting, codifying earlier efforts to restrain the practice in European warfare.
Yakoyaner
The Yakoyaner (also spelt iakoiane) is a Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) term for the Haudenosaunee clan mother. The Yakoyaner are typically senior women responsible for overseeing the clan's political, economic, and social stability. The Yakoyaner, also known as a clan mother, holds weight over their community and family and aids in guiding the clan's chief in matters of governance, diplomacy, and community affairs.

Hiawatha
Hiawatha (/ˌhaɪəˈwɒθə/ HY-ə-WOTH-ə, also US: /-ˈwɔːθə/ -⁠WAW-thə; Onondaga: Haiëñ'wa'tha [hajẽʔwaʔtha]), also known as Ayenwatha or Aiionwatha, was a precolonial Native American leader and cofounder of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. He was a leader of the Onondaga people, the Mohawk people, or both. According to some accounts, he was born an Onondaga but adopted into the Mohawks.
Postage stamps and postal history of Guam
The postage stamps and postal history of Guam is an overview of the postage stamps and postal history of the United States territory of Guam. Its postal service is linked to those of the Philippines during the Spanish Empire and, since 1898, to the United States of America. A peculiarity is that, for a short period in the 1930s, Guam had a local post service.

Because the US Postal administration issued the same stamps in Guam as in the United States, cancellations are the only way to identify a stamp as having been used in the island. Between the 1930s and 1970s, during the creation of trans-Pacific airways, stops at Guam were commemorated with special illustrated marks.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Herman Hoskier
Herman Hoskier (1832–1904), British banker, lived at Hayes, Kent, England. He was a director of the Union Bank of London and of Brown, Shipley & Co. He had a daughter Coralie Mary Hoskier and son Herman Charles Hoskier.

During the American Civil War he was the agent for Brown Bros. & Co. in New Orleans and Mobile, Alabama, and subsequently he became partner of Brown, Shipley & Co., founding its London house when its Liverpool branch closed. He retired from the firm in 1881, and became a director of the Guinness Brewery.

Brown Bros. & Co.
Brown Bros. & Co. was an investment bank from 1818 until its merger with Harriman Brothers & Company in 1931, to form Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.  According to Zachary Karabell:

In its first hundred years, the firm helped to make paper currency standard in the U.S., underwrote the earliest railroad and trans-Atlantic steamship companies and almost unilaterally created the first foreign exchange system between the American dollar and the British pound. In the 20th century, it became a cornerstone of what came to be known as “the Establishment,” as its partners entered the halls of government to shape the global economic and security system that remains the world’s institutional architecture.
Violet Crown Trail
The Violet Crown Trail is a 30-mile (48 km) pedestrian and cycling trail in Austin, Texas. Established in 2006 by the Hill Country Conservancy, the trail follows Barton Creek from Zilker Park and Mopac Expressway southwestward before finally terminating at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. The trail is mostly made of decomposed granite but has various links that are only suitable for hiking.

Barton Creek
Barton Creek is a tributary that feeds the Colorado River as it flows through the Texas Hill Country. The creek passes through some of the more scenic areas in Greater Austin, surrounded in many parts by a greenbelt of protected lands that serves as a habitat for many indigenous species of flora and fauna. The creek passes through Barton Creek Greenbelt and is fed by Barton Springs.
FAD-oxidase
In molecular biology FAD-oxidases are a family of FAD-dependent oxidoreductases. They are flavoproteins that contain a covalently bound FAD group which is attached to a histidine via an 8-alpha-(N3-histidyl)-riboflavin linkage. The region around the histidine that binds the FAD group is conserved in these enzymes.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Elcoteq
Elcoteq SE was a Finnish consumer electronics contract manufacturer, EMS, and ODM company headquartered in Luxembourg. The company filed for bankruptcy protection in Luxembourg on October 6, 2011.

It was a manufacturer of the BlackBerry and also performed repair and refurbishment services.

Electronics manufacturing services
Electronics manufacturing services (EMS) is a term used for companies that design, manufacture, test, distribute, and provide return/repair services for electronic components and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The concept is also referred to as electronics contract manufacturing (ECM).

Many high-volume consumer electronic products have been built in China and countries of Southeast Asia, due to the speed of manufacture of high-volume low-cost electronics in those locations, as opposed to the United States. Cities such as Shenzhen, China and Penang, Malaysia have become important production centres for the industry, attracting many consumer electronics companies such as Apple Inc. Some companies such as Flex and Wistron are original design manufacturers and providers of electronics manufacturing services.
VKS737
The VKS-737 Radio Network is a division of the Australian National 4WD Radio Network, a national Public Benevolent Institution, established for Outback travellers who are in distress by providing them with emergency assistance and support in cooperation with other organisations.

The VKS-737 Network provides services in conjunction with the Royal Flying Doctor Service, Police and State Emergency Service organisations 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, via 14 base stations located around Australia.

Founded in 1992, the network's stated goal is to provide reliable radio communication for travellers in remote and Outback areas of Australia. All Network activity involving both bases and subscribers is subject to formal licensing by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA).

Australian Communications and Media Authority
The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is an Australian government statutory authority within the Communications portfolio. ACMA was formed on 1 July 2005 with the merger of the Australian Broadcasting Authority and the Australian Communications Authority.

ACMA is responsible for collecting broadcasting, radiocommunication and telecommunication taxes, and regulating Australian media. It does this through various legislation, regulations, standards and codes of practice. ACMA is a converged regulator, created to oversee the convergence of telecommunications, broadcasting, radio communications and the internet.
1847 Canterbury by-election
The 1847 Canterbury by-election was an uncontested election, which was held on 15 March 1847. It was brought about as a result of the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, James Bradshaw and was won by the Liberal candidate Lord Albert Conyngham (the only declared candidate).

Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Canterbury is a constituency in Kent represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Rosie Duffield formerly of the Labour Party and since September 2024 an Independent.

The seat dates to the earliest century of regular parliaments, in 1295; it elected two MPs until 1885, electing one thereafter, before being altered by the Representation of the People Act 1918 (the later-termed "Fourth Reform Act", the first being in 1832).
The Ties
The Ties (Italian: Lacci) is a 2020 Italian romantic drama film directed by Daniele Luchetti, based on the 2014 novel of the same name by Domenico Starnone. It stars Alba Rohrwacher, Luigi Lo Cascio, Laura Morante, Silvio Orlando, Giovanna Mezzogiorno, Adriano Giannini, Linda Caridi, and Francesca De Sapio.

It was selected as the opening film of the 77th Venice International Film Festival, the first Italian film to open the festival since Baarìa (2009).

Baarìa (film)
Baarìa is a 2009 Italian historical drama film directed by Giuseppe Tornatore. It was the opening film of the 66th Venice International Film Festival in September 2009. Although selected as the Italian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 82nd Academy Awards, it was not nominated.
Ølstykke-Stenløse
Ølstykke-Stenløse is a city located in the Egedal Municipality, in the Capital Region of Denmark. Both Ølstykke and Stenløse has been counted as one city by Statistics Denmark from 1 January 2010, and it forms the eastern part of the city closest to Copenhagen, 25 kilometers in a straight line northwest of City Hall Square, as well as Gammel Ølstykke and Ølstykke Stationsby in the west. It is Denmark's 29th largest city (2025), with a population of 23,382 (2025). It is the largest city in Egedal Municipality and more than half of the municipality's residents live within the city.

Both Ølstykke and Stenløse had been established as villages with parish churches in the Middle Ages. Their settlements remained relatively rural until the mid 20th century, when suburban developments expanded their populations dramatically.

Frederikssundbanen
Frederikssundbanen is one of six radial S-train lines in Copenhagen; it connects the city center with a number of Northwestern suburbs (notably Herlev and Ballerup) and other townships until Frederikssund on the Western coast of the Nordsjælland peninsula.
Raghavendra Tirtha
Raghavendra Tirtha (Rāghavēndra Tīrtha), also referred as Raghavendra Swami, (c.1595 – c.1671) was a Vaishnava scholar, theologian, and saint. He was also known as Sudha Parimalacharya (Sudhā Parimaḷācārya). His diverse oeuvre include commentaries on the works of Madhva, Jayatirtha, and Vyasatirtha, interpretation of the Principal Upanishads from the standpoint of Dvaita and a treatise on Purva Mimamsa. He served as the pontiff of the matha at Kumbakonam from 1621 to 1671. Raghavendra Tirtha was also an accomplished player of the veena and he composed several songs under the name of Venu Gopala. His memorial at Mantralayam attracts lakhs (hundreds of thousands) of visitors every year.

Lakh
A lakh (/læk, lɑːk/; abbreviated L; sometimes written lac) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105).  In the Indian 2, 2, 3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India, 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000.

It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English.
Protection Spells
Protection Spells is a tour-only album by Songs: Ohia. It is a collection of 9 improvised pieces recorded by Jason Molina whilst on tour in 1999. It was limited to 500 copies and released by Secretly Canadian in 2000.

Secretly Canadian
Secretly Canadian is an American independent record label based in Bloomington, Indiana, part of the Secretly Group. The Secretly Group includes record labels Dead Oceans and Jagjaguwar as well as a music publisher known as Secretly Publishing, representing artists, writers, film makers, producers, and comedians.
Crooner
A crooner is a singer who performs with a smooth, intimate style that originated in the 1920s. The crooning style was made possible by improved microphones that picked up quieter sounds and a wider range of frequencies than before, allowing the singer to access a greater dynamic range and exploit the proximity effect. This suggestion of intimacy was supposedly wildly attractive to women, especially a youth subculture known at the time as "bobby soxers". The crooning style developed among singers who performed with big bands and reached its height in the 1940s to late 1960s.

Crooning is epitomized by vocalists of the era such as Al Bowlly, Bing Crosby, Rudy Vallee and Frank Sinatra, although Sinatra did not consider himself or Crosby to be "crooners". Other performers, such as Russ Columbo, also rejected the term.

Dynamic range
Dynamic range (abbreviated DR, DNR, or DYR) is the ratio between the largest and smallest measurable values of a specific quantity. It is often used in the context of signals, like sound and light. It is measured either as a ratio or as a base-10 (decibel) or base-2 (doublings, bits or stops) logarithmic value of the ratio between the largest and smallest signal values.

Electronically reproduced audio and video is often processed to fit the original material with a wide dynamic range into a narrower recorded dynamic range for easier storage and reproduction. This process is called dynamic range compression.
2014 Big South Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2014 Big South men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big South Conference that took place from March 5–9, 2014, at the HTC Center in Conway, South Carolina. Both semifinal games were broadcast on ESPN3, and the championship game was televised on ESPN2.

ESPN3
ESPN3 (formerly ESPN360 and ESPN3.com) was an online streaming service owned by ESPN Inc., a joint venture between the Walt Disney Company (which operated the network, through its 80% controlling ownership interest) and Hearst Communications (which held the remaining 20% interest). It provided live streams and replays of global sports events to sports fans in the United States.

The service quietly closed December 2, 2025, after its content was merged into ESPN's self-titled streaming service in full.