hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Republicanism in the Netherlands
Republicanism in the Netherlands is a movement that strives to abolish the Dutch monarchy and replace it with a republic. Currently, the Netherlands are a constitutional monarchy with the King as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government.

The popularity of the organised republican movement that seeks to abolish the monarchy in its entirety has been suggested to be a minority among the people of the Netherlands, according to opinion polls (according to one 2023 poll, 37%).

Maurice de Hond
Maurice de Hond (born 8 October 1947) is a Dutch pollster and entrepreneur. He is the founder of the Steve JobsSchool, an elementary school which gives each student an iPad to encourage individualized learning. As of 2016, 35 public schools in the Netherlands adopted the school model. Two Steve JobsSchools opened in South Africa in 2016. The schools closed after a negative report by government educational inspectors found that students who graduated from the schools were lacking severely in educational skills and the foundation running the schools declared bankruptcy in 2018.
Emil Andrae
Emil Valentin Andrae (born February 23, 2002) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the Lehigh Valley Phantoms of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Andrae was drafted 54th overall by the Flyers in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft.

2020 NHL entry draft
The 2020 NHL entry draft was the 58th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held from October 6–7, 2020. It was originally scheduled for June 26–27, 2020, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, but was postponed on March 25, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was held in a remote format, with teams convening via videoconferencing, and Commissioner Gary Bettman announcing the selections in the opening round and deputy commissioner Bill Daly in all subsequent rounds from the NHL Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey.

The first three selections were Alexis Lafreniere by the New York Rangers, Quinton Byfield by the Los Angeles Kings, and Tim Stutzle by the Ottawa Senators.
Margo Seltzer
Margo Ilene Seltzer is an American computer scientist. She is currently the Canada 150 Research Chair in Computer Systems and the Cheriton Family Chair in Computer Science at the University of British Columbia. Previously, Seltzer was the Herchel Smith Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University's John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and director at the Center for Research on Computation and Society.

Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
The Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) is the engineering school of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University.

It offers degrees in engineering and applied sciences to graduate students admitted directly to SEAS, and to undergraduates admitted first to Harvard College. Previously the Lawrence Scientific School and then the Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, the school assumed its current structure in 2007. The school was renamed after John Paulson in June 2015 following his US$400 million gift.

SEAS is housed in Harvard's Science and Engineering Complex (SEC) in the Allston neighborhood of Boston directly across the Charles River from Harvard's main campus in Cambridge and adjacent to the Harvard Business School and Harvard Innovation Labs. The SEC was named "one of the healthiest lab buildings" with its LEED Platinum and Living Building Challenge Petal Certification.
Skillet Fork
Skillet Fork is a 98-mile-long (158 km) river in southern Illinois in the United States.  It is a tributary of the Little Wabash River; via the Little Wabash, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

The Skillet Fork rises in northeastern Marion County and flows generally southeastwardly through Clay, Wayne, Hamilton and White counties.  In its lower course, parts of the river have been straightened and channelized.  It joins the Little Wabash River 5 miles (8 km) upstream of Carmi.

Marion County, Illinois
Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 37,729. Its county seat is Salem. Marion County comprises the Centralia, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL Combined Statistical Area.
CMA CGM Patagonia-class container ship
The CMA CGM Patagonia class is a series of 5 container ships being built for CMA CGM. The ships are built by Jiangnan Shipyard in China. The ships have a maximum theoretical capacity of around 15,046 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU).

Jiangnan Shipyard
31°21′15″N 121°44′15″E﻿ / ﻿31.354114°N 121.737414°E﻿ / 31.354114; 121.737414

Jiangnan Shipyard (Chinese: 江南造船厂; pinyin: Jiāngnán Zàochuán Chǎng) is a historic shipyard in Shanghai, China. The shipyard has been state-owned since its founding in 1865 and is now operated as Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co. Ltd.

Before 2009, the company was south of central Shanghai at 2 Gaoxing Road (31°11′49″N 121°28′59″E﻿ / ﻿31.19694°N 121.48306°E﻿ / 31.19694; 121.48306). In 2009, the shipyard was moved to Changxing Island, in the mouth of the Yangtze River to the north of urban Shanghai. (31°21′14.81″N 121°44′14.69″E﻿ / ﻿31.3541139°N 121.7374139°E﻿ / 31.3541139; 121.7374139).

The shipyard builds, repairs and converts both civilian and military ships. Other activities include the manufacture of machinery and electrical equipment, pressure vessels and steel works for various land-based products.
Alexander Grant (bishop)
Catholicism portal

Alexander John Grant (1693 – 19 September 1727) was a Roman Catholic clergyman who briefly served as the vicar apostolic of the Highland District, Scotland.

Educated at the Scots College in Rome, he was appointed the first vicar apostolic of the Highland District and titular bishop of Sura by the Holy See on 16 September 1727. However, Father Grant died on 19 September 1727, without being consecrated a bishop.

Sura (city)
Sura (Syriac: ܫܘܪܐ) was a city in the southern part of the area called by ancient Jewish sources Babylonia, located east of the Euphrates. It was well-known for its agricultural produce, which included grapes, wheat, and barley. It was also a major center of Torah scholarship and home of an important yeshiva—the Sura Academy—which, together with the yeshivas in Pumbedita and Nehardea, gave rise to the Babylonian Talmud.
Battle of the Cigno Convoy
The Battle of the Cigno Convoy (or Belluno Convoy) was a naval engagement between two British destroyers of the Royal Navy and two torpedo boats of the Regia Marina (Italian Royal Navy) south-east of Marettimo island to the west of Sicily, in the early hours of 16 April 1943. The Italian ships were escorting the transport ship Belluno (4,200 gross register tons) to Tunisia; the torpedo boat Tifone, carried aviation fuel. The British force was fought off by the Italian ships for the loss of a torpedo boat. A British destroyer, disabled by Italian gunfire, had to be scuttled after the action when it was clear that it could not make port before dawn.

Aviation fuel
Aviation fuels are either derived from petroleum or are blends of petroleum and synthetic fuels, and are used to power aircraft. These fuels have more stringent requirements than those used for ground-based applications, such as heating or road transportation. They also contain additives designed to enhance or preserve specific properties that are important for performance and handling. Most aviation fuels are kerosene-based—such as JP-8 and Jet A-1—and are used in gas turbine-powered aircraft. Piston-engined aircraft typically use leaded gasoline, while those equipped with diesel engines may use jet fuel (kerosene). As of 2012, all U.S. Air Force aircraft had been certified to operate on a 50-50 blend of kerosene and synthetic fuel derived from coal or natural gas, as part of an initiative to stabilize fuel costs.
Kanichi Kashimura
Kanichi Kashimura (樫村 寛一, Kashimura Kan'ichi, July 5, 1913 – March 6, 1943) was an Imperial Japanese Navy Naval Ace of the Second Sino-Japanese and Second World War.

On December 9, 1937, Kashimura fought Hawk III over Nan- chang, destroying one and then colliding with another aircraft (an unknown type that could have been either Japanese or Chinese), tearing off a third of his left wing. Through superb piloting, the calm aviator brought his crippled Claude' back to base, and after four landing attempts, the aircraft somersaulted on touching the ground on its fourth approach and lost its tail in the subsequent crash. Astoundingly, the pilot walked away from the wreckage unharmed. Local news reporters quickly sent the story back to Japan, where Kashimura gained instant fame.

On March 6, 1943 he was shot down and killed by a US aircraft near the Russell Islands.

Kashimura's Mitsubishi A5M December 9, 1937

Kashimura (second from right)

Mitsubishi A5M
The Mitsubishi A5M, formal Japanese Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Type 96 Carrier-based Fighter (九六式艦上戦闘機), experimental Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Experimental 9-Shi Carrier Fighter, company designation Mitsubishi Ka-14, was a WWII-era Japanese carrier-based fighter aircraft. The Type number is from the last two digits of the Japanese imperial year 2596 (1936) when it entered service with the Imperial Navy.

It was the world's first low-wing monoplane shipboard fighter to enter service and the predecessor of the famous Mitsubishi A6M "Zero". The Allied reporting name was Claude.
Kobylniki, Poddębice County
Kobylniki [kɔbɨlˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poddębice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Poddębice and 44 km (27 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
Rodrigues' formula
In mathematics, Rodrigues' formula (formerly called the Ivory–Jacobi formula) generates the Legendre polynomials. It was independently introduced by Olinde Rodrigues (1816), Sir James Ivory (1824) and Carl Gustav Jacobi (1827). The name "Rodrigues formula" was introduced by Heine in 1878, after Hermite pointed out in 1865 that Rodrigues was the first to discover it. The term is also used to describe similar formulas for other orthogonal polynomials. Askey (2005) describes the history of the Rodrigues formula in detail.

Cauchy's integral formula
In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis. It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk, and it provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a holomorphic function. Cauchy's formula shows that, in complex analysis, "differentiation is equivalent to integration": complex differentiation, like integration, behaves well under uniform limits – a result that does not hold in real analysis.
Acacia difficilis
Acacia difficilis, commonly known as river wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the tropical north of Australia. It is a shrub or tree with fibrous bark, elliptic to narrowly elliptic phyllodes, spikes of lemon yellow to golden yellow flowers and linear, leathery pods that more or less resemble a string of beads.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Geoffrey Giudice
Geoffrey Michael Giudice AO (16 December 1947 – 18 November 2021) was a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia from 1997 to 2012 and the president of Fair Work Australia from 2009 to 2012.

Giudice studied at Xavier College, Melbourne before taking up Law at the University of Melbourne, graduating in 1970. He spent nine years working in industry, before beginning to practise as a solicitor in 1979. He was admitted to the Bar in Victoria in 1984. As a barrister, he specialised in industrial relations and employment law. He was appointed a judge of the Federal Court of Australia on 17 September 1997. At the same time, he became the president of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission.

In 2009, when the Commission was replaced by the newly established Fair Work Australia, Giudice was appointed its first president. He retired from this position in February 2012, and was succeeded by former Victorian Supreme Court judge, now Federal Court judge Iain Ross.

Bar association
A bar association is a professional association of lawyers as generally organized in countries following the Anglo-American types of jurisprudence. The word bar is derived from the old English/European custom of using a physical railing (bar) to separate the area in which court or legal profession business is done from the viewing area for the general public or students of the law.

Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their jurisdiction; others are professional organizations dedicated to serving their members; in many cases, they are both. In many Commonwealth jurisdictions, the bar association comprises lawyers who are qualified as barristers or advocates in particular, versus solicitors (see bar council). Membership in bar associations may be mandatory (necessary to practice law) or optional (voluntary) for practicing attorneys, depending on jurisdiction.
Pycnochromis leucurus
Pycnochromis leucurus, commonly known as whitetail chromis, is a species of damselfish belonging to the genus Pycnochromis.

It was first described by American ichthyologist, Charles Henry Gilbert in 1905.

Damselfish
Damselfish are fish within the subfamilies Abudefdufinae, Chrominae, Lepidozyginae, Pomacentrinae, and Stegastinae within the family Pomacentridae.

Most species within this group are relatively small, although the four largest species (Hypsypops rubicundus, Microspathodon bairdii, M. dorsalis and Nexilosus latifrons) can reach 30cm (12 in) in length. Most damselfish species exist only in marine environments, but a few inhabit brackish or fresh water. These fish are found globally in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters.
Chak Neknampur
Chak Neknampur is a village in Salon block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 34 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, Chak Neknampur has a population of 442 people, in 75 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Chak Neknampur as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 207 people (91 male and 116 female), in 37 households and 37 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 156 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Chak Neknampur as having a population of 325 people, in 80 households, and having an area of 59.89 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.

Salon, India
Salon is a town and nagar panchayat in Raebareli district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of a tehsil as well as a community development block. Originally it was also the headquarters of the entire district, but they were moved after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It is located a bit to the south of the Sai river, at the junction of the Raebareli-Pratapgarh and Jais-Khaga roads. Other roads lead to Dalmau, Manikpur, and Kunda. To the east is a large jhil.

Salon is located at 26°02′N 81°27′E﻿ / ﻿26.03°N 81.45°E﻿ / 26.03; 81.45. It has an average elevation of 110 metres (360 feet).

As of 2011, Salon had a population of 14,757, in 2,130 households.
Aleksander Hall
Aleksander Jan Hall (born 20 May 1953 in Gdańsk) is a Polish conservative political thinker, scholar and retired politician. He was an activist for the Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights, and later a politician and member of Solidarity Electoral Action. He has authored books and articles on history, patriotism, etc., quitting politics in 2001 to focus on research. He is married to Katarzyna Hall.

He identifies as a conservative liberal. He endorsed the Third Way before the 2023 Polish parliamentary election.

Solidarity Electoral Action
Solidarity Electoral Action (Polish: Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność, AWS) was a coalition of political parties in Poland, active from 1996 to 2001. AWS was the political arm of the Solidarity trade union, whose leader Lech Wałęsa (also an AWS member), was President of Poland from 1990 to 1995, and the successor of the parties emerged from the fragmentation of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee.

The coalition was led by Marian Krzaklewski and Jerzy Buzek, who was Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001. Ideologically, it represented "an eclectic mix of socially conservative trade union-oriented corporatism, Christian Democracy, economically interventionist and liberal forms of Catholic nationalism and less overtly Church-inspired strands of liberal-conservatism"; its program was also described as a combination of "social conservatism and state interventionism".

Law and Justice and Civic Coalition, the two dominant Polish political parties of today, had their roots in AWS.
Le Gorafi
Le Gorafi (French pronunciation: [lə ɡɔʁafi]; anagram of Le Figaro) is a news satire website. It was created in May 2012 during the French presidential campaign in the style of The Onion, a satirical newspaper of fake information. It has also been compared with Infos du Monde and L'Examineur.

Since 2014, the site is also offered in a televisual form on channel Canal+ as a humoristic segment on the program Le Grand Journal. The identity of the creators was unknown until January 2014, when the two creators, Pablo Mira and Sébastien Liebus, became known in the media.

Éditions Denoël
Éditions Denoël is a French publishing house founded in 1930. Acquired by Éditions Gallimard in 1951, it publishes collections spanning fiction, non-fiction and comic books. It published some of the most important French authors of the interwar period, including Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Louis Aragon and Antonin Artaud.
Alan Rogers (camping)
Alan Rogers was one of the major personalities whose work created the camping, caravanning and motor caravan industry. After service in the British RAF in the Second World War, Alan devoted his post-war leisure time to his twin passions of rallying and caravanning.

In the early 1960s he, like many other caravanners, had become disillusioned with the quality of campsite information available to the users. He reasoned that what users wanted wasn't a list of facilities available on the site, but an accurate and impartial guide to the way that the site was run.

Campsite
Campsite, campground, and camping pitch are all related terms regarding a place used for camping (an overnight stay in an outdoor area). The usage differs between British English and American English.

In British English, a campsite is an area, usually divided into a number of camping pitches, where people can camp overnight using tents, campervans or caravans. In the US, the expression used is campground and not campsite. In American English, the term campsite generally means an area where an individual, family, group, or military unit can pitch a tent or park a camper; a campground may contain many campsites.

There are two types of campsites (US) or pitches (UK): one, a designated area with various facilities; or two, an impromptu area (as one might decide to stop while backpacking or hiking, or simply adjacent to a road through the wilderness).
LaSalle station (Exo)
LaSalle station is a commuter rail station operated by Exo in the borough of LaSalle in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It opened September 4th, 2001.

It is served by  the Candiac line, and is the last station on the island of Montreal. It is located in ARTM fare zone A.

Candiac line
Candiac (also designated line 14, formerly known as Delson–Candiac) is a commuter rail service in Greater Montreal, Quebec. It is operated by Exo, the organization that operates the commuter rail network in Greater Montreal.

The Candiac line was originally operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as part of its South-Eastern railway line between Windsor Station and Farnham from 1887 until 1980. The former AMT resumed passenger service on this line in 2001, while Exo assumed current service on June 1, 2017.

There are nine inbound and nine outbound trains each weekday.
Cricket in World War I
Cricket in World War I was severely curtailed in all nations where first-class cricket was then played except India. In England, South Africa and the West Indies, first-class cricket was entirely abandoned for the whole of the war, whilst in Australia and New Zealand regular competitions were played for the 1914–15 season but first-class matches were afterwards abandoned. In South Africa, first-class cricket did not recommence until a series of matches against the Australian Imperial Forces cricket team in late 1919, and provincial cricket was not played until a one-off match between Transvaal and Natal in April 1920.

At least 210 first-class cricketers are known to have joined the armed forces, of whom 34 were killed. The obituary sections of Wisden between 1915 and 1919 contained the names of hundreds of players and officials of all standards who died in the service of their country.

Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, or simply Wisden, colloquially the Bible of Cricket, is a cricket reference book published annually in the United Kingdom. The description "Bible of cricket" (or variations thereof) has been applied to Wisden since the early 1900s.

Between 1998 and 2005, an Australian edition of Wisden was published. An Indian version, edited by Suresh Menon, was produced annually from 2013 to 2018, but discontinued following the publication of a combined 2019 and 2020 issue.
Kossi Noutsoudje
Kossi Noutsoudje (born 16 October 1977) is a retired Togolese football striker. He was a squad member for the 1998 African Cup of Nations. Playig in four different countries, he became league champion in 2000 and 2001 with ASEC Mimosas and in 2006 with ASFA Yennega.

1998 African Cup of Nations
The 1998 African Cup of Nations in Burkina Faso was the 21st edition of the Africa Cup of Nations (ACN), the national football championship of Africa, administered by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Just like in 1996, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fourth ACN championship, beating South Africa in the final 2–0.