hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide
Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) are used to help answer questions about Earth's carbon cycle. There are a variety of active and planned instruments for measuring carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere from space. The first satellite mission designed to measure CO2 was the Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases (IMG) on board the ADEOS I satellite in 1996. This mission lasted less than a year. Since then, additional space-based measurements have begun, including those from two high-precision (better than 0.3% or 1 ppm) satellites (GOSAT and OCO-2). Different instrument designs may reflect different primary missions.

ADEOS I
ADEOS I (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 1) was an Earth observation satellite launched by NASDA in 1996. The mission's Japanese name, Midori means "green". The mission ended in July 1997 after the satellite sustained structural damage to the solar panel. Its successor, ADEOS II, was launched in 2002. Like the first mission, it ended after less than a year, also following solar panel malfunctions.
Benedict Cork
Benjamin Mark Cork (born 4 August 1993), known professionally as Benedict Cork, is an English singer-songwriter. He began releasing music in 2018, writing and recording a series of EPs before his debut album Notes On A Hopeless Romance was released May 2024.

Velvet (Adam Lambert album)
Velvet (stylized in all caps) is the fourth studio album by American singer Adam Lambert, released through More Is More and Empire Distribution on March 20, 2020. It features the singles "Feel Something", "New Eyes", "Comin in Hot", "Superpower", and "Roses" with Nile Rodgers, as well as all the tracks featured on the Velvet: Side A EP, released in September 2019. Lambert was scheduled to promote the album with five appearances at the Venetian Las Vegas on April 18, 19, 22, 24 and 25 (postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic) before embarking on a European tour from August to September 2020.
USS Maud
USS Maud (SP-1009) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919.

Maud was built as a private wooden motorboat of the same name. She was remodeled in 1913.

On 15 June 1917, the U.S. Navy acquired Maud under a free lease from her owner, W. H. Pattison, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned the same day as USS Maud (SP-1009).

Assigned to the 5th Naval District, Maud operated in the Norfolk, Virginia, area for the rest of World War I. In addition to carrying out patrol duties, she served as a dispatch boat and on special services duties for the Commandant, 5th Naval District.

Maud was returned to Pattison on 7 January 1919.

Commandant
Commandant (/ˌkɒmənˈdɑːnt/ or /ˌkɒmənˈdænt/; French: [kɔmɑ̃dɑ̃]) is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy. This usage is common in English-speaking nations. In some countries it may be a military or police rank. It is also often used to refer to the commander of a military prison or prison camp (including concentration camps and prisoner of war camps).
Foster–Payne House
The Foster–Payne House is a historic house at 25 Belmont Street in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Built in 1878, the two-story multi-gabled house is distinguished by its clapboarded and exterior woodwork and opulent parlors in the interior. The property also has a matching carriagehouse with gable roof and cupola. The house was originally constructed and owned by Theodore Waters Foster, but it was sold to George W. Payne in 1882. The Foster–Payne House is architecturally significant as a well-designed and well-preserved late 19th century suburban residence. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Pawtucket (/pəˈtʌkɪt/ ⓘ pə-TUK-it) is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 75,604 at the 2020 census, making the city the fourth-largest in the state. Pawtucket borders Providence and East Providence to the south, Central Falls and Lincoln to the north, and North Providence to the west. The city also borders the Massachusetts municipalities of Seekonk and Attleboro.

Pawtucket was an early and important center of textile manufacturing. It is home to Slater Mill, a historic textile mill recognized for helping to found the Industrial Revolution in the United States.
Fleuron (typography)
A fleuron (/ˈflʊərɒn, -ən, ˈflɜːrɒn, -ən/), also known as a printers' flower, is a typographical symbol, or glyph, used either as a punctuation mark or as an ornament for typographic compositions. Fleurons are stylized forms of flowers or leaves; the term derives from the Old French: floron ('flower'). Robert Bringhurst in The Elements of Typographic Style calls the forms "horticultural dingbats". A commonly encountered fleuron is the ❦, the floral heart or hedera (ivy leaf), also known as an aldus leaf after Italian Renaissance printer Aldus Manutius.

Robert Bringhurst
Robert Bringhurst OC (born 1946) is a Canadian poet, typographer and author. He has translated substantial works from Haida and Navajo and from classical Greek and Arabic. He wrote The Elements of Typographic Style, a reference book of typefaces, glyphs and the visual and geometric arrangement of type. He was named an Officer of the Order of Canada in June 2013.

He lives on Quadra Island, near Campbell River, British Columbia (approximately 170 km northwest of Vancouver) with his wife, Jan Zwicky, a poet and philosopher.
Jonathan Witchell
Jonathan Witchell (20 September 1974 – 15 December 2007) was a BBC reporter who worked for Radio Kent from 1998 until his death. He was a two time Shepherd Neame Kent Journalist of the Year, in 2004 and 2006.

He was born and raised in Sevenoaks in Kent and studied at the University of Salford for his bachelor's degree and University of Stirling for his master's degree. He died in 2007 after a short illness.

University of Salford
The University of Salford is a public research university located in Salford, Greater Manchester, England, 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) west of Manchester city centre. The Royal Technical Institute, Salford, which opened in 1896, became a College of Advanced Technology in 1956 and gained university status in 1967, following the Robbins Report into higher education.

It has 26,155 students (2023/24) and is in 160 acres (65 hectares) of parkland on the banks of the River Irwell.
Cláudia das Neves
Cláudia Maria das Neves (born 17 February 1975 in Guarujá, São Paulo) is a Brazilian women's basketball player. Internationally, Claudinha has competed in two Summer Olympics: 2000 and 2008 Summer games with the Brazil women's national basketball team. At the 2000 games, Claudinha won a bronze medal. She has also competed for Brazil in other international competitions, including the 2002 FIBA World Championship for Women. Professionally, the Brazilian played in the WNBA in the United States from 1999-2002; the first three with the Detroit Shock and her final season with the Miami Sol.

Basketball at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Basketball contests at the 2000 Summer Olympics was the fifteenth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. It was held from 16 September 2000 to 1 October 2000. Games took place at the Sydney SuperDome and The Dome in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The United States earned the gold medals in both the men's and women's competitions.
Alpine skiing at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiing at the 1968 Winter Olympics consisted of six events, held 9–17 February at Chamrousse, southeast of Grenoble, France.
Jean-Claude Killy of France won all three men's events, repeating Toni Sailer's triple-gold of 1956. Since Killy's feat, no male alpine ski racer has won three gold medals in a single Olympics. (Janica Kostelic later won three gold medals in the 2002 Winter Olympics).

This was the first Olympics with a two-run men's giant slalom, with one run per day. The women's giant slalom was one run until 1980.

For the only time, the results from Olympic races were included in the World Cup standings, then in its second season.  Following the 1970 season, Olympic and World Championship results were not included in the World Cup points standings.

1969–70 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 4th World Cup season began in December 1969 in France and concluded in March 1970 in Norway. Karl Schranz of Austria won his second consecutive overall title.  Michèle Jacot of France won the women's overall title.

For the final time, the results of the World Championships, held in 1970 in Val Gardena, Italy, were included in the World Cup standings (except for the Alpine Combined results, because that discipline was not recognized in the World Cup until the 1974/75 season).  Future Olympic and World Championship results were not included as World Cup races.

Malcolm Milne of Australia won the season's first downhill at Val d'Isère in December to become the first alpine racer from the Southern Hemisphere to win a World Cup event.
Luhaga Mpina
Luhaga Joelson Mpina (born 5 May 1975) is a Tanzanian politician and Member of Parliament for Kisesa constituency since 2005. He was the Minister of Livestock and Fisheries for 3 years in the Magufuli cabinet. In August 2025, he left the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party and joined the Alliance for Change and Transparency. However, he was barred from running for president in the 2025 Tanzanian general election over complaints that the party had failed to comply with nomination procedures in the primaries.

Alliance for Change and Transparency
The Alliance for Change and Transparency (Swahili: Chama cha Wazalendo, lit. 'Party of Patriots'), sometimes known as the ACT–Wazalendo, is a left-wing political party in Tanzania. It is the third-largest party in the National Assembly of Tanzania. It received its permanent registration in May 2014.
Frankie Scigliano
Frankie Scigliano (born January 16, 1992, in Coquitlam, British Columbia) is an English-Canadian professional box lacrosse goaltender for the Saskatchewan Rush in the National Lacrosse League.  He was a second round draft pick (18th overall) in the 2011 NLL Entry Draft.

Scigliano played junior for the New Westminster Jr. Salmonbellies.  The team went to the Minto Cup final in 2013, but lost to the Whitby Warriors. He was drafted 3rd overall in the Western Lacrosse Association 2014 draft by the Maple Ridge Burrards.  He went on to win the WLA rookie of the year and best goalie awards in 2014.

Internationally, Scigliano represented England at the 2019 World Indoor Lacrosse Championship. Heading into the 2023 NLL season, Inside Lacrosse named Scigliano the #7 best goalie in the NLL.

In July 2023, Scigliano was traded to the Saskatchewan Rush.

Coquitlam
Coquitlam (/koʊˈkwɪtləm/ ⓘ koh-KWIT-ləm) is a city in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Mainly suburban, Coquitlam is the sixth-largest city in the province, with an estimated population of 174,248 in 2024, and one of the 21 municipalities comprising Metro Vancouver. The mayor is Richard Stewart.
Nai (caste)
Nai, also known as Sain, is a generic term for occupational castes of barbers. The name is said to be derived from the Sanskrit word nāpita (नापित). In modern times Nai in northern India refer to themselves as "Sain" instead of Nai.

The Nai caste is classified as an Other Backward Class in most of the state in India. These include Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi NCR, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal, where they have their own regional name and  endogamous unit.

Some Nais are followers of Sikhism. Their traditional roles were cutting hair and taking messages on life-cycle rituals celebrated by members of other caste groups.

Endogamy
Endogamy is the cultural practice of only marrying within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting any from outside of the group or belief structure as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Its opposite, exogamy, describes the social norm of marriage outside of the group.

Endogamy is common in many cultures and ethnic groups. Several religious and ethnic religious groups are traditionally more endogamous, although sometimes mating outside of the group occurs with the added dimension of requiring marital religious conversion. This permits an exogamous marriage, as the convert, by accepting the partner's religion, becomes accepted within the endogamous group. Endogamy may result in a higher rate of recessive gene–linked genetic disorders.
Althaus
Althaus is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dieter Althaus (born 1958), German politician, Minister-President of Thuringia

Johannes Althusius (1557–1638), also known as Johannes Althaus, German Calvinist philosopher and theologian

Marcella Althaus-Reid, Argentine professor

Adolf Paul Johannes Althaus, theologian

Kenneth Althaus, U.S. Army, general during World War II

Ernst Freiherr von Althaus, one of the world's first flying aces

Urs Althaus, Swiss actor

Minister-president
A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government where they preside over the council of ministers. It is an alternative term for prime minister, premier, chief minister, or first minister and very similar to the title of president of the council of ministers.
Elad Shahaf
Elad Shahaf (Hebrew: אלעד שחף; born 13 January 1998) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a midfielder side . Shahaf started his career in Israel at Bnei Sakhnin, then playing for teams such as Sektzia Ness Ziona, Hapoel Nof HaGalil or Kafr Qasim, before moving to Romania and signing with top-flight club FC Botoșani.

Hapoel Nof HaGalil F.C.
Hapoel Nof HaGalil Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל נוף הגליל, romanized: Moadon Kaduregel Hapoel Nof HaGalil; Arabic: هبوعيل نوف هچليل) is an Israeli professional football club based in Nof HaGalil. The club was formally known by the name "Nazareth Illit" until 2019 (the club accordingly was named as Hapoel Nazareth Illit F.C.). The club currently plays in Liga Leumit.
Lintneria porioni
Lintneria porioni is a moth of the  family Sphingidae. It is known from Peru.

The wingspan is about 110  mm.

There is probably one generation per year with adults recorded from late June to early August. Specimens have been taken at Balsas in early November.

The larvae probably feed on Lamiaceae (such as Salvia, Mentha, Monarda and Hyptis), Hydrophylloideae (such as Wigandia) and Verbenaceae species (such as Verbena and Lantana).

Hyptis
Hyptis is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. These plants, known commonly as bushmints, are native to the subtropical and tropical Americas, from the southern United States to northern Argentina. There are 170 species, which may be annual or perennial herb to shrub. In 2012 several genera were segregated from Hyptis, including Cantinoa, Mesosphaerum, and Oocephalus.
Olympia 06
Olympia 06 is the name of the only live album recorded by the French singer Grégory Lemarchal. It was recorded during the only series of concerts given by the artist at the Olympia of Paris in 2006 in order to support his debut album Je deviens moi, and was released on October 23, 2006. It contains a cover version of Lucie Silvas' song "What You're Made of", recorded in live version as a duet with her, and another version with Nolwenn Leroy.

The album met success in France and in Belgium (Wallonia), particularly the DVD which was charted again just after the singer's death, topping the French Videos Chart on the chart edition of May 5, 2007. This DVD is currently still charted.

Duet
A duet (Italian: duo or duetto) is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is a "piano duet" or "piano four hands". A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is a "piano duo".

"Duet" is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet.

A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called a trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.
Mike Sanderson
Mike Sanderson (born 29 May 1971) is a New Zealand sailor, perhaps best known for being awarded the prestigious ISAF World Sailor of the Year Award for winning the 2005–06 Volvo Ocean Race as skipper of ABN Amro I. At the age of 35, he became the youngest skipper to ever win a Volvo Ocean Race in the 2005–2006 edition of the race. (Lionel Péan had previously won the Whitbread Round the World Race in 1986, aged 29).

From 2007 to 2010, he was Team Director of Team Origin, a potential British challenger for the 2013 America's Cup.

He returned to skipper Team Sanya (the Irish-Chinese entry in the race) in the 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race. The boat, formerly known as Telefónica Blue in the 2008–09 Volvo Ocean Race, has been plagued with instrument and hull failures. As of 30 March 2012 the boat is currently being shipped to Miami to be repaired so it can rejoin the race in Leg 7.

World Sailor of the Year Awards
The World Sailor of the Year Awards were launched in 1994 by World Sailing (formerly the International Sailing Federation) to reward individual sailors for outstanding achievements in the sport. The awards have been sponsored by Rolex since 2001.
Prick (slang)
Prick is a vulgar word for 'penis' as well as a pejorative term used to refer to a despicable or contemptible individual. It is generally considered offensive, though in the past it has been used as a term of endearment. Its history as a euphemism for 'penis' goes back to the 1500s and has been used in wordplay by Shakespeare and other writers who have combined the vulgarism with the standard meaning of the noun, which means the act of piercing or puncturing. Most linguists believe it has been used as a direct insult only since 1929.

Wordplay
Wordplay (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of wordplay include puns, phonetic mix-ups such as spoonerisms, obscure words and meanings, clever rhetorical excursions, oddly formed sentences, double entendres, and telling character names (such as in the play The Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest being a given name that sounds exactly like the adjective earnest).

Wordplay is quite common in oral cultures as a method of reinforcing meaning. Examples of text-based (orthographic) wordplay are found in languages with or without alphabet-based scripts, such as homophonic puns in Mandarin Chinese.
Willard Van der Veer
Willard Van der Veer (August 23, 1894 – June 16, 1963) was an American cinematographer who won an Academy Award at the 3rd Academy Awards for Best Cinematography for the film With Byrd at the South Pole with Joseph T. Rucker. He started his career as a documentary cameraman and later did a couple episodes of Maverick and the film The Crawling Hand.
Mount Van der Veer was named after him. He is the father of Frank Van der Veer, a Hollywood visual effects artist who founded Van Der Veer Photo Effects and won, in 1977, a Special Achievement Academy Award for the 1976 version of King Kong (this Oscar was shared with Carlo Rambaldi and Glen Robinson).

Carlo Rambaldi
Carlo Rambaldi (September 15, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was an Italian special effects and makeup effects artist. He was the winner of three Academy Awards: one Special Achievement Academy Award for Best Visual Effects in 1977 for the 1976 version of King Kong and two Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects in 1980 and 1983 for, respectively, Alien (1979) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). He is most famous for his work in those two last mentioned films, that is for the mechanical head-effects for the creature in Alien and the design of the title character of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. In 2017, he was inducted into the Visual Effects Society Hall of Fame.
2022 OFC Women's Nations Cup Group C
The 2022 OFC Women's Nations Cup Group C is the third of three sets in the group stage of the 2022 OFC Women's Nations Cup that will take place from 14 July 2022 to 20 July 2022. The group competition will consist of hosts Fiji, New Caledonia, and Solomon Islands. The top two teams automatically qualify for the top eight knockout stage, while third place is comparatively evaluated to other third-placed teams based on the football ranking system for the last two berths.

Group tournament ranking system
In a group tournament, unlike a knockout tournament, there is no single final match to decide the winner. Instead, rankings are based on the results of all matches played. Players or teams earn points for each game, and standings are determined by total points or average points per match. A special type of group tournament is the Round-robin tournament, in which each player plays against every other player.

Usually each competitor finishes with an equal number of matches, in which case rankings by total points and by average points are equivalent at the end of the tournament, though not necessarily while it is in progress. Examples with unequal numbers of matches include the 1895 County Championship in English cricket, and the U.S. National Football League prior to 1972, when tie games were excluded from the winning percentage used for regular-season standings.
Gorget patches
Gorget patches (collar tabs, collar patches) are an insignia in the form of paired patches of cloth or metal on the collar of a uniform (gorget), used in the military and civil service in some countries. Collar tabs sign the military rank (group of ranks), the rank of civil service, the military unit, the office (department) or the branch of the armed forces and the arm of service.

Collar (clothing)
In clothing, a collar (/kɒlər/) is the part of a shirt, dress, coat or blouse that fastens around or frames the neck.  Among clothing construction professionals, a collar is differentiated from other necklines such as revers and lapels, by being made from a separate piece of fabric, rather than a folded or cut part of the same piece of fabric used for the main body of the garment.

A collar may be permanently attached to the main body of the garment (e.g. by stitching) or detachable.
Mary Jo Putney
Mary Jo Putney (born in New York) is an American author of over twenty-five historical and contemporary romance novels.  She has also published romantic fantasy novels as M.J. Putney.  Her books are known for their unusual subject matter, including alcoholism, death, and domestic abuse.

Historical romance
Historical romance is a broad category of mass-market fiction focusing on romantic relationships in historical periods, which Byron helped popularize in the early 19th century. The genre often takes the form of the novel.