hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Middledrift
Middledrift, also known as iXesi, is a small town located 90 kilometres (60 mi) north-west of East London in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is situated in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality in Amathole District in an area that was formerly part of the Ciskei.

The town is on the Keiskamma River, 45 km west-north-west of Qonce and 16 km east-south-east of Alice.

Amathole District Municipality
The Amathole District Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Amathole) is one of the 7 districts of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The seat is East London. As of 2011, over 90% of its 892,637 inhabitants spoke isiXhosa. The district code is DC12. Amathole means "calves", the name of the mountain range and forest which form the northern boundary of the district.
Boncompagni (surname)
Boncompagni is a surname associated with the Boncompagni princely Italian family. Notable people with the surname include:

Baldassarre Boncompagni, or Prince Baldassarre Boncompagni-Ludovisi (1821–1894), Italian historian of thematics and aristocrat

Filippo Boncompagni (1548–1586), Italian Cardinal

Giacomo Boncompagni (1548–1612), Italian feudal lord, the illegitimate son of Pope Gregory XIII

Gianni Boncompagni (1932–2017), Italian television and radio presenter, director, writer

Girolamo Boncompagni (1622–1684), Roman Catholic cardinal

Gregorio II Boncompagni (1642–1707), Italian nobleman and duke and grand-nephew of Pope Gregory XIII

Maria Eleonora I Boncompagni (1686–1745), Italian princess and marchioness

Pietro Boncompagni (1592–1664), Italian arts collector

Ugo Boncompagni (1502–1585), birth name of Pope Gregory XIII

Francesco Boncompagni Ludovisi (1886–1955), Italian politician

Giacomo Boncompagni
Giacomo Boncompagni (also Jacopo Boncompagni; 8 May 1548 – 18 August 1612) was an Italian feudal lord of the 16th century, the illegitimate son of Pope Gregory XIII (Ugo Boncompagni). He was also Duke of Sora, Aquino, Arce and Arpino, and Marquess of Vignola.

A member of the Boncompagni family, he was a patron of arts and culture. Pierluigi da Palestrina dedicated to him the first book of Madrigals. He was also a friend of another composer, Vincenzo Ruffo. He was also a lover of the theatre and of chess.
Francis Schroeder
Francis Schroeder was the Ambassador of the United States to the Kingdom of Sweden from June 29, 1854 to September 17, 1857 and chargé d'affaires to Sweden from November 7, 1849 until being appointed ambassador. He was married to Caroline Seaton Schroeder, the daughter of William Seaton, the owner of the newspaper the National Intelligencer and the 13th mayor of Washington, D.C.

National Intelligencer
The National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser was a newspaper published in Washington, D.C., from October 31, 1800, until 1870.  It was the first newspaper published in the District, which was founded in 1790.  It was originally a tri-weekly publication.  It covered early debates of the United States Congress.  The paper had a strong bias to Democratic-Republicans and Thomas Jefferson.
Nippon BS Broadcasting
Nippon BS Broadcasting Corporation (日本BS放送株式会社, Nippon Bīesu Hōsō Kabushiki Gaisha) (TYO: 9414) is a private satellite broadcasting station in Kanda, Tokyo, Japan. It is an independent television station and is a subsidiary of Bic Camera. Its channel name is BS11 (BS Eleven) and was BS11 Digital until March 31, 2011. It was founded as Nippon BS Broadcasting Project (日本BS放送企画株式会社, Nippon Bīesu Hōsō Kikaku Kabushiki Kaisha) on August 23, 1999, changed its name to Nippon BS Broadcasting on February 28, 2007, and high-definition television broadcasts commenced on December 1, 2007.

BS11 gives high priority to news programs, sports, K-drama, TV Show, anime including late night anime and 3D television programs.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
November-class submarine
The November class, Soviet designation Project 627 Kit (Russian: Кит, lit. 'whale', NATO reporting name November) was the Soviet Union's first class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, which were in service from 1958 through 1990. All but one have been disposed of, with the K-3, the first nuclear-powered submarine built for the Soviet Navy, being preserved as a memorial ship in Saint Petersburg.

Sovetskaya Gavan
Sovetskaya Gavan  (Russian: Сове́тская Га́вань, lit. 'Soviet harbor') is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, and a port on the Strait of Tartary which connects the Sea of Okhotsk in the north with the Sea of Japan in the south. Population:  27,712 (2010 Census); 30,480 (2002 Census); 34,915 (1989 Soviet census).

It was previously known as Imperatorskaya Gavan (Императорская Гавань, lit. 'Imperial harbour') until 1922.
RNAS Prawle Point
The RNAS Naval Air Station Prawle Point was a British First World War airfield outside the village of East Prawle in Devon, England and 2.6 miles (4.2 km) south east of Salcombe, Devon.

The airfield was opened in 1917 to provide a base for de Havilland DH.6 and de Havilland DH.9s of the Royal Naval Air Service to carry out anti-submarine patrols.

Airco DH.6
The Airco DH.6 was a British military trainer biplane used by the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War. Known by various nicknames, including the "Clutching hand" and "Skyhook", many survived to be used as a civil light aircraft in the postwar era.
Munyua Waiyaki
Dr. Fredrick Lawrence Munyua Waiyaki (12 December 1926 – 25 April 2017) was a Kenyan politician. He served as Minister for Agriculture, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and as a Member of Parliament for the Kasarani Constituency.

National Assembly (Kenya)
The National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya (formerly House of Representatives) is one of the two Houses of the Parliament of Kenya. Between 1966 and 2013, it served as a unicameral house. In 2013 (11th Parliament), it became the lower house when the Senate was reestablished.

It has a total of 349 seats: 290 elected from the constituencies, 47 women elected from the counties and 12 nominated representatives. The Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya serves as an ex officio member.

The High Court of Kenya ordered lawmakers to introduce gender quotas, or face dissolution in the mid-2010s, following the implementation of the 2010 Constitution.
Bankole Cardoso
Bankole Cardoso is a Nigerian entrepreneur and co-founder of Easy Taxi Nigeria. Easy Taxi provides a safe, convenient, and free platform that connects taxi drivers, operators, and their clients. In 2014, he was listed by Forbes as one of the 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa in recognition of his achievements. In 2015, Cardoso stepped down from his role at Easy Taxi Nigeria.  He later became Managing Director of Delta40 Venture Studio in West Africa, where he partners with early-stage founders to build and scale climate tech ventures across Africa.

Easy Taxi
Easy Taxi was a mobile app for taxi hailing that was available in 30 countries, and it now part of Cabify, from Maxi Mobility group. The app allowed users to book a taxi and track it in real time. The same iOS, Android, or Windows Phone app was used in all places in which the partner taxis operate.
Easy Taxi was founded in 2011 in Brazil and expanded globally, covering the network of 30 countries and more than 420 cities. At December 2014, the company reported it reached the number of 17 million users and more than 400,000 taxi drivers were affiliated with the Easy Taxi network.

The startup was backed primarily by the biggest e-Commerce incubator in the world, Rocket Internet, but also other investors, including Millicom and iMENA secure Easy Taxi's foothold in emerging markets. The four latest series of investment took Easy Taxi to over $77 million in backing.
Bhasha Smritistambha
The Bhasha Smritistambha, Language Monument), located at Deshapriya Park, Kolkata, is a memorial dedicated to the Bengali language authors and the martyrs of language movements of Dhaka and Silchar.

The monument was inaugurated by Mamata Banerjee, the then Railway Minister of India on 20 February 2011. Amala Shankar, Dwijen Mukherjee, singer Arati Mukherjee, Indrani Sen, Anup Ghoshal, Saikat Mitra, Nirmala Mishra and writer Sirshendu Mukherjee were present at the inauguration ceremony of the "Bhasa Smritistambha".

"Bhasha Smritistambha" is the second Bengali language Martyr's memorial in Kolkata after the "Bhasha Shahid Smarak", commissioned at Surendranath Park, Esplanade in 1998.

Anup Ghoshal
Anup Ghoshal (1944/1945 – 15 December 2023) was an Indian playback singer and composer in Hindi and other vernacular Indian films, especially Bengali-language. He was known in his native Bengal primarily as one of the foremost artists of the golden age of Nazrulgeeti (c. 1930s–1970s).
Deluz
Deluz (French pronunciation: [dəly]) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

The construction of the Rhône–Rhine Canal in 1821 created a narrow spit of land which, along with the water power from the weir, allowed the development of cloth spinning (1858–1872) and paper making (1873–1977). The abandoned buildings now house a small hydroelectric plant.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Ster
Stichting Ether Reclame (Ster) (English: Foundation Ether Advertisement) is the organization for radio, television and online advertisements on the NPO, the public broadcaster of the Netherlands. With the income from these, parts of the costs of public broadcasting are paid for.

It was founded in 1965 as the Stichting tot Uitzenden van Reclame ("Foundation for the Broadcasting of Advertisements"); the name was changed to the present name that same year. STER is most famous for Loeki de Leeuw, an animated puppet which appeared at the beginning and ending of all of STER's commercials from 1972 until 2004, and again in 2019 and from 2021 onwards.

Radio advertisement
In the United States, commercial radio stations generate most of their revenue by selling airtime for radio advertisements. These advertisements are paid for by a business or service in exchange for the station airing their commercial or mentioning them on air. The most common type of advertisement is the "spot commercial", which typically lasts no longer than one minute. Longer advertisements, often running for 45, 60, or more minutes, are known as "infomercials" and provide more detailed information about the promoted product or service.

The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), established under the Communications Act of 1934, regulates commercial broadcasting. Many of the relevant laws have remained relatively unchanged since the Radio Act of 1927. In 2015, radio accounted for 7.8% of total U.S. media expenditures.
Gobernador Dupuy Department, San Luis
Gobernador Dupuy is a department of San Luis Province, Argentina.

With an area of 19,632 km2 (7,580 sq mi) it is the biggest department in the province. It borders to the north with the departments of Juan Martín de Pueyrredón and General Pedernera, to the east with the provinces of Córdoba and La Pampa, to the south with La Pampa and to the west with Mendoza Province.

La Pampa Province
La Pampa (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈpampa]) is a sparsely populated province of Argentina, located in the Pampas in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise San Luis, Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Río Negro, Neuquén and Mendoza.
Terry Nicoll
George Terence Nicoll (22 August 1933 – 9 December 2024) was an Australian modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He died in Kiama, New South Wales on 9 December 2024, at the age of 91.

Kiama, New South Wales
Kiama (/kaɪæmə/) is a coastal town 120 kilometres south of Sydney in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. One of the main tourist attractions is the Kiama Blowhole. Kiama features several popular surfing beaches and caravan parks, and numerous alfresco cafes and restaurants. Its proximity to the south of Sydney makes it an attractive destination for many day-trippers and weekenders. Kiama also has historically been a farming and agricultural centre. Even to today it maintains a country and agricultural community with a weekly farmers markets held on Wednesday afternoons.
Ohio State Route 308
State Route 308 (SR 308) is a north–south state highway in the central portion of Ohio, a U.S. state.  The southern terminus of SR 308 is at SR 229 in the western end of the village of Gambier, and its northern terminus is three miles (4.8 km) to the north of that point at a T-intersection with U.S. Route 36 (US 36) that is located approximately one and a half miles (2.4 km) east of the city limits of Mount Vernon.

Knox County, Ohio
Knox County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,721. Its county seat is Mount Vernon. The county is named for Henry Knox, an officer in the American Revolutionary War who was later the first Secretary of War. Knox County comprises the Mount Vernon, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH Combined Statistical Area.
1894 Western Australian colonial election
Elections were held in the Colony of Western Australia in June and July 1894 to elect 33 members to the Legislative Assembly. Less than half of the seats were contested and virtually all campaigns were fought on local issues, although a few candidates were endorsed by extraparliamentary organisations. The election presented no threat to the government of Sir John Forrest, but its aftermath saw the establishment of a credible opposition for the first time, led by George Randell.

Electoral district of South Fremantle
South Fremantle was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1962.

Based in urban South Fremantle, the district was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election. When the district was abolished at the 1962 election, its member at the time, Henry Curran of the Labor Party, transferred to the new seat of Cockburn.
Saab 90 Scandia
The Saab 90 Scandia was a civil passenger aeroplane, manufactured by Svenska Aeroplan Aktiebolaget (SAAB), in Linköping, Sweden. In 1944, as it became clear that hostilities in Europe (the Second World War) would soon end, SAAB realised that the company had to diversify from purely military endeavours if it were to survive. The board therefore decided to manufacture a twin-engined, short- to medium-haul passenger aircraft, as a successor for the Douglas DC-3. (This diversification also led to automobile production, with the Ursaab and subsequent Saab 92 passenger vehicles.)

The design of the 90 Scandia was quite similar to the DC-3. The most distinct visible difference was that the 90 had tricycle landing gear while the DC-3 had a tailwheel. The Scandia also had a quite different vertical stabilizer shape, and numerous more subtle differences. The 90 had to compete with the many surplus DC-3s available on the market at the same time, making sales difficult.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Robin Franklin
Robin Franklin, FRS is a British cell biologist and neuroscientist. He is currently a Principal Investigator at Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science having previously been Professor of
Stem Cell Medicine at the Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute at the University of Cambridge.  He is Emeritus Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge.

Altos Labs
Altos Labs, Inc. is an American biotechnology research company. Altos Labs' goal is to develop life extension therapies that can halt or reverse the human aging process. Specialized cell therapies based on induced pluripotent stem cells are to be developed for this purpose. Russian-born technology businessman Yuri Milner, along with investors including Jeff Bezos, funded the company in 2021, operations started in 2022.
Ciril Cvetko
Ciril Cvetko (8 January 1920 – 18 January 1999) was a Slovene composer and conductor, brother of the musicologist Dragotin Cvetko.

Cvetko was born in Vučja Vas near Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia in 1920. He studied music at the Ljubljana Academy of Music and graduated in 1948. He also completed graduate studies in Prague and Paris. He worked at Triglav Film, the Slovene National Theatre Opera and Ballet Company, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra. He died in Ljubljana in 1999.

In 1963 he won the Levstik Award for his book Opera in njeni mojstri (The Opera and Its Masters).

Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra
The Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra (Simfonični orkester Slovenske filharmonije) is a Slovenian orchestra based in Ljubljana.  Its primary concert venues are Marjan Kozina Hall in Philharmonic Hall, Ljubljana, at Congress Square (Kongresni trg) and Gallus Hall in the Cankar Centre at Republic Square (Trg republike) in Ljubljana.
CJ Major Entertainment
CJ Major Entertainment is a South Korean–Thai film production company based in Thailand. It was established in 2016 as a joint venture between South Korean media company CJ E&M (owner of the studio CJ Entertainment), which owns a 49-percent stake, and Major Cineplex Group, Thailand's largest cinema chain, which owns 51 percent in the venture. The partnership is part of CJ Entertainment's strategy of partnering with local companies to produce works from Korean source materials localised for regional audiences. Yeonu Choi serves as CJ Major's managing director and chief producer.

CJ ENM Films & Television
CJ ENM Films & Television, formerly CJ Entertainment, (Korean: CJ 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment, film production and distribution company, founded in 1995 under the CJ ENM Entertainment Division. The company operates as a film production company, film publishing house, investment and exhibition.
Mustapha Matura
Mustapha Matura (17 December 1939 – 29 October 2019) was a Trinidadian playwright living in London. Characterised by critic Michael Billington as "a pioneering Black playwright who opened the doors for his successors", Matura was the first British-based dramatist of colour to have a play in London's West End, with Play Mas in 1974. He was described by the New Statesman as "the most perceptive and humane of Black dramatists writing in Britain."

Paulette Randall
Paulette Randall, MBE (born 1961) is a British theatre director of Jamaican descent. She was chair of the board of Clean Break Theatre Company in 2006–07, and is former artistic director of Talawa Theatre Company. She was the associate director for the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics.
Martin Donnellan
Martin Donnellan, Garda Síochána Detective Sergeant 17179D and recipient of the Scott Medal, born 1948.

Donnellan was born at Ballymoe, County Galway, on 7 June 1948. He had been a cabinet maker prior to joining the force.

Ballymoe
Ballymoe (historically Bellamoe, from Irish: Béal Átha Mó, meaning 'ford-mouth of Mó') is a village in County Galway, Ireland. Ballymoe is situated on the western side of the River Suck that separates counties Galway and Roscommon. The N60 national secondary road meets the R360 regional road in the centre of the village.
West Virginia National Cemetery
West Virginia National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located Grafton, Taylor County, West Virginia. It encompasses 89.7 acres (36.3 ha). Along with Grafton National Cemetery, it is one of the two national cemeteries in the state of West Virginia, both of which are located in Grafton. After it was determined that the 3 acres (1.2 ha) Grafton cemetery had inadequate space for new burials, West Virginia groups began petitioning for a new national cemetery for the state. The federal government appropriated the site of the former West Virginia Industrial Home for Boys for the new cemetery, which was dedicated and opened in 1987.

Grafton, West Virginia
Grafton is a city in Taylor County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 4,729 at the 2020 census. Located along the Tygart Valley River, it originally developed as a junction point for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, serving numerous branches of a network that was vital to the regional coal industry.

Grafton is the home of both of West Virginia's national cemeteries, and was where the West Virginia Equal Suffrage Association formed in 1895. Mother's Day was founded in Grafton on May 10, 1908, and the city is home to the International Mother's Day Shrine. Grafton was also among the first cities in the United States to observe Memorial Day.
Udarnik, Sakha Republic
Udarnik (Russian: Ударник) is a rural locality (a selo), and one of three settlements in Bayagantaysky Rural Okrug of Tomponsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in addition to Krest-Khaldzhan, the administrative center of the Rural Okrug and Ary-Tolon. It is located 115 kilometers (71 mi) from Khandyga, the administrative center of the district and 25 kilometers (16 mi) from Krest-Kaldzhan. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 159. It is named after the Russian word for a hard worker.

Udarnik
In the terminology of the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc, and other communist countries, an udarnik (/uːˈdɑːrnɪk/, plural udarniks or udarniki; Russian: уда́рник, IPA: [ʊˈdarnʲɪk]), also known in English as a shock worker or strike worker (collectively known as shock brigades or a shock labor team) is a high productivity worker. It derived from the expression "udarny trud" for "superproductive, enthusiastic labor".