hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Testosterone–cortisol ratio
In human biology, the testosterone–cortisol ratio describes the ratio between testosterone, the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid, and cortisol, another steroid hormone, in the human body.

The ratio is often used as a biomarker of physiological stress in athletes during training, during athletic performance, and during recovery, and has been explored as a predictor of performance. At least among weight-lifters, the ratio tracks linearly with increases in training volume over the first year of training but the relationship breaks down after that.  A lower ratio in weight-lifters just prior to performance appears to predict better performance.

The ratio has been studied as a possible biomarker for criminal aggression, but as of 2009 its usefulness was uncertain.

Sex hormone
Sex hormones, also known as sex steroids,  gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. The sex hormones include the androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. Their effects are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades. Certain polypeptide hormones including the luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone – each associated with the gonadotropin axis – are usually not regarded as sex hormones, although they play major sex-related roles.
2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 50 metre freestyle
The women's 50 metre freestyle competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 21 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center.  The last champion was Kara Lynn Joyce of US.

This race consisted of one length of the pool in freestyle.

Kara Lynn Joyce
Kara Lynn Joyce (born October 25, 1985), is an American former competition swimmer and four-time Olympic silver medalist.  She competed as a member of the United States Olympic Team at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympics.
Bell Creek (Pine Creek tributary)
Bell Creek is a tributary of Pine Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 4.0 miles (6.4 km) long and flows through Fairmount Township and Huntington Township. The creek is a freestone stream in the ridge and valley physiographic province. Wild trout naturally reproduce within the creek. It has one named tributary, which is known as Ashs West Branch, and two unnamed tributaries.

Physiographic region
Physiographic regions are a means of defining Earth's landforms into independently distinct, mutually exclusive areas, independent of political boundaries. It is based upon the classic three-tiered approach by Nevin M. Fenneman in 1916, that separates landforms into physiographic divisions, physiographic provinces, and physiographic sections.

The classification mechanism has become a popular geographical tool in the United States, indicated by the publication of a USGS shapefile that maps the regions of the original work and the National Park Service's use of the terminology to describe the regions in which its parks are located.

Originally used in North America, the model became the basis for similar classifications of other continents.
2008 Players' Championship
The 2008 Tylenol Players' Championship is the last Grand Slam event of both the World Curling Tour and Women's Curling Tour for the 2007–08 season. This was the sixteenth time the event has taken place, and the third time since it was switched to joint men's/women's format. The event was held at the Mile One Centre in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador April 15–20. Since the event is a part of the Olympic qualifying process in Canada, only Canadian teams were invited. The total purse for each event is $100,000.

2008 Winners:
 Glenn Howard
 Amber Holland

Both of these teams were awarded 40 CTRS points for their feats at the tournament.

Grand Slam of Curling
The Grand Slam of Curling (formerly branded as the Pinty's Grand Slam of Curling for sponsorship reasons) is a series of curling bonspiels that were formerly part of the annual World Curling Tour. Grand Slam events offer a purse of at least CAD$100,000, and feature the best teams from across Canada and around the World. The Grand Slam was instituted during the 2001–02 season for men and 2006–07 for women (with the 2006 Players' Championship also considered a Slam), but some of the Grand Slam events have longer histories as bonspiels.

The Grand Slam season consists of five men's and women's events. The original four events (Masters, Open, National, and Players' Championship) are considered to be "majors". The other slam (Tour Challenge) has a unique format that sets it apart from other events in the series.
The Bayou
The Bayou was a music venue and nightclub located in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.  The club occupied an old building at 3135 K Street, NW, in Georgetown, under the Whitehurst Freeway for forty-six years. The club opened in September 1953 on the site of a former Dixieland nightclub called The Pirates Den which featured Dixieland jazz until the early 1960s when the format changed to rock and roll. Performers included Count Basie and Woody Herman.

The club included a balcony level, with tables and chairs, and two standing room only bars. The main floor bars were fed bottled liquor from a tap room that was situated above the entrance. Bottles placed upside down into funnels feeding long tubing led to the downstairs bars. The Bayou backed up to Blues Alley, another Washington, D.C.-based music institution, located down the alley behind the Bayou.

Dixieland jazz
Dixieland jazz, also referred to as traditional jazz, hot jazz, or simply Dixieland, is a style of jazz based on the music that developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century. The 1917 recordings by the Original Dixieland Jass Band fostered awareness of this new style of music.
Skin in the Game (book)
Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life (acronymed: SITG) is a 2018 nonfiction book by Nassim Nicholas Taleb, a former options trader with a background in the mathematics of probability and statistics.

Taleb's thesis is that skin in the game—i.e., having a shared risk when taking a major decision—is necessary for fairness, commercial efficiency, and risk management, as well as being necessary to understand the world. The book is part of Taleb's multi-volume philosophical essay on uncertainty, titled the Incerto, which also includes Fooled by Randomness (2001), The Black Swan (2007–2010), The Bed of Procrustes (2010–2016), and Antifragile (2012). The book is dedicated to "two men of courage": Ron Paul, "a Roman among Greeks"; and Ralph Nader, "Greco-Phoenician saint".

Option (finance)
In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option.

Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset (or contingent liability) and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option.

Options may be traded between private parties in over-the-counter (OTC) transactions, or they may be exchange-traded in live, public markets in the form of standardized contracts.
Caha di orgel
Caha di orgel (/ˈkaha di ˈɔrɡəl/ KAH-hah dee OR-gəl) is a mechanical music instrument that bridges the gap between a barrel piano and an organ.

It plays a significant role in Aruban, Bonairean, and Curaçaoan culture. In the Kingdom of the Netherlands, "Kaha di òrgel" has been officially recognized as part of the country's Intangible Cultural Heritage since 2016.

Barrel piano
A barrel piano (also known as a "roller piano") is a forerunner of the modern player piano. Unlike the pneumatic player piano, a barrel piano is usually powered by turning a hand crank, though coin-operated models powered by clockwork were used to provide music in establishments such as pubs and cafés. Barrel pianos were popular with street musicians, who sought novel instruments that were also highly portable. They are frequently confused with barrel organs, but are quite different instruments.
Calamoecia
Calamoecia is a genus of copepods in the family Centropagidae confined to Australasia. It is thought to have evolved since the separation of the Australian continent from Antarctica. Three of the Australian endemic species are listed as vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List (marked VU in the list below). The genus contains the following species:

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
2020 Liberian by-elections
The 2020 Liberian by-elections were held on December 8 in the following House districts: Montserrado-9 and Sinoe-2. The by-elections were held concurrently with the 2020 Senate election as well as a constitutional referendum. The by-elections were triggered by the deaths of two members of the House of Representatives. The by-elections were delayed beyond what is permitted by the Liberian Constitution. The elected House members were Frank Saah Foko Jr. (Montserrado-9) and Samson Wiah (Sinoe-2).

Montserrado-9
Montserrado-9 is an electoral district for the elections to the House of Representatives of Liberia. The district covers the Monrovia communities of ICA Camp, Pyne People, Fiama, Fiama East, Fish Market, Gbangaye Town, Wroto Town, Raymond Field, Central Lakpazee, Old Matadi and New Matadi, as well as the eastern parts of Cooper Clinic and Ocean View communities. The 12th Street constitutes the boundary between Montserrado-8.
264th (Sussex) Field Company, Royal Engineers
264th (Sussex) Field Company was a Territorial Army (TA) unit of Britain's Royal Engineers (RE) raised in Sussex just before the outbreak of the Second World War. It formed part of 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division and went with it to France early in 1940. After being evacuated back to the UK and serving in home defence it was sent to North Africa, where it participated in the Tunisian Campaign. It then joined in the Italian Campaign, including sending a detachment to Yugoslavia, before moving to Germany for the final stages of the war. The company was disbanded in 1946.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
Christmas island thrush
The Christmas island thrush (Turdus erythropleurus) is a species of passerine in the family Turdidae. It is endemic to Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the Indian Ocean. It was formerly considered a subspecies of island thrush, but was classified as its own species in 2024 by the IOC and Clements checklist.

Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
Birds of the World: Recommended English Names is a paperback book written by Frank Gill and Minturn Wright on behalf of the International Ornithologists' Union. It is an attempt to produce a standardized set of English names for all bird species and is the product of a project set in motion at the 1990 International Ornithological Congress. The book is supplemented by a website, the IOC World Bird List, giving updates to the published material.

An 11-page introduction deals with a number of issues that relate to the naming of birds. This is followed by a systematic list, from pages 12 to 211, and a 46-page index. The family sequence is that of the third edition of the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. The book's cover is illustrated with a photo of a helmet vanga, a bird endemic to Madagascar.: back cover
Sal and Gabi Fix the Universe
Sal and Gabi Fix the Universe is a novel written by Carlos Hernandez. The novel was published by Disney-Hyperion in May 2020 and follows Sal Vidón, a magician who can reach into parallel universes and Culeco Academy class president Gabi Reál as they find out from an alternate version of themselves that Sal's Papi's class-nine AI remembranation machine might destroy the universe as they know it.

The cover art was done by Andrea Galecio. A short story by Hernandez about the Sal and Gabi characters will be featured in the upcoming anthology book, The Cursed Carnival and Other Calamities.

Disney Publishing Worldwide
Disney Publishing Worldwide (DPW), formerly known as The Disney Publishing Group and Buena Vista Publishing Group, is the publishing subsidiary of Disney Experiences, a subsidiary of the Walt Disney Company. Its imprints include Disney Editions, Disney Press, Kingswell, Freeform, and Hyperion Books for Children. It has creative centers in Glendale, California, and Milan, Italy.
2010 CAF Champions League
The 2010 CAF Champions League was the 46th edition of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the 14th edition under the current CAF Champions League format. The winner, TP Mazembe qualified for the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup, and also played in the 2011 CAF Super Cup.

CAF 5-year ranking
The CAF 5-year ranking system is used by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine the number of clubs that each member association may enter its club football competitions; the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup. At present, those associations ranked in the top 12 may enter two teams into each of the two club competitions, while the remaining associations are limited to a single team in each competition.
Aspidosperma
Aspidosperma is a genus of flowering plant in the Dogbane family (Apocynaceae), first described as a genus in 1824. It is native to South America, Central America, southern Mexico, and the West Indies. One Central American species of this genus under the name "Aspidosperma cruenta" (not accepted by POWO) has leaves which have lived for as long as fourteen years on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and exceeded among dicots only by the Australian tree Doryphora sassafras.

Species

Barro Colorado Island
Barro Colorado Island is located in the man-made Gatun Lake in the middle of the Panama Canal. The island was formed when the waters of the Chagres River were dammed to form the lake in 1913.  When the waters rose, they covered a significant part of the existing tropical forest, but certain hilltops remained as islands in the middle of the lake. It has an area of 15.6 km2 (6.0 sq mi).
Sycamore, Kansas
Sycamore is a census-designated place (CDP) in northern Montgomery County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 70.  It is located along U.S. Route 75, north of the city of Independence.

U.S. Route 75 in Kansas
U.S. Route 75 (US-75) is a north–south U.S. Highway stretching from Kittson County, Minnesota, to Dallas, Texas. In Kansas, the highway runs from south to north through the eastern part of the state. It enters the state from Oklahoma near Caney and runs north, serving the state capital of Topeka. The highway continues north of Topeka, passing by the Potawatomi and Kickapoo Indian reservation, and passes over the Nebraska state line near Sabetha.
Richard Nedomlel
Richard Nedomlel (born July 1, 1993) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman for HC Oceláři Třinec of the Czech Extraliga. Nedomlel was drafted 175th overall by the Detroit Red Wings in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.

HC Oceláři Třinec
HC Oceláři Třinec (Třinec Steelers) is a Czech ice hockey team from Třinec who play in the Czech Extraliga, the top tier of Czech ice hockey. Their home arena is the Werk Arena. The team's main sponsors are the local Třinec Iron and Steel Works

The team has won the Czech Extraliga six times, most recently in the 2023–24 season. The last five title wins came in consecutive years, winning 16 straight playoff series in the process.
2019 Campbellfield factory fire
The 2019 Campbellfield factory fire was a major industrial fire that began in Campbellfield, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on 5 April 2019. The size of the fire site was about 5,000 square metres (53,819.55 sq ft), and it emitted toxic smoke across the city's northern suburbs. The fire was finally extinguished four days after it started.

The company which operated the property where the fire took place, Bradbury Industrial Services, collapsed in July 2019, leaving taxpayers to potentially foot a multimillion-dollar clean-up bill. On 1 August 2019, the administrators for the company were given three months to clean up the site.

Dallas, Victoria
Dallas is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 17 km (11 mi) north of the central business district, located within the City of Hume local government area. Dallas recorded a population of 6,762 at the 2021 census.

Dallas is bounded by Barry Road in the north, the Upfield railway line in the east, Geach Street, Terang Street, Tempy Court, Dallas Drive and Riggall Street in the south, and the Craigieburn/North East railway line in the west.
Diaea dorsata
Diaea dorsata is one of the smaller crab spiders, with a palearctic distribution. Females can grow up to 6 mm, males up to 4 mm. Prosoma and legs are green, the opisthosoma is yellowish with a brown mark.

Diaea dorsata prefers forest edges. It can be found on oak leaves. The subadults overwinter under the bark of dead trees. Adults appear in May. The males have an extended non-damaging combat ritual: They stand opposed, stretch their front legs and dance around each other. This can go on for hours. This is highly unusual for crab spiders, but for example often found in jumping spiders.

An agranular green pigment is incorporated into the mesocuticle of this species and thus lost between moults.

Pigment
A pigment is a chemical compound that gives a substance or organism color, or is used by humans to add or alter color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use. Dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic. Pigments of prehistoric and historic value include ochre, charcoal, and lapis lazuli. Biological pigments are compounds produced by living organisms that provide coloration.
Bahrain Billie Jean King Cup team
The Bahrain Billie Jean King Cup team represents Bahrain in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Bahrain Tennis Federation. They took part in the Fed Cup for the first time in 2016, competing in the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II.

2016 Fed Cup
The 2016 Fed Cup was the 54th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis. The final took place on 12–13 November and was won by the Czech Republic for the third year in a row, and for the fifth time in six years.
Mangareva language
Mangareva or Mangarevan (autonym te reo magareva, [te re.o ma.ŋa.re.va]; in French mangarévien) is a Polynesian language spoken by about 600 people in the Gambier Islands of French Polynesia (especially the largest island Mangareva) and by Mangarevians emigrants on the islands of Tahiti and Moorea, located 1,650 kilometres (1,030 mi) to the North-West of the Gambier Islands.

Moʼorea
Moʼorea (English:  /ˌmoʊ.oʊˈreɪ.ɑː/ or /ˈmoʊ.oʊreɪ/; Tahitian: Moʼoreʼa, [moʔore(ʔ)a]), also spelled Moorea, is a volcanic island in French Polynesia lying 17 kilometres (11 mi) northwest of Tahiti. Moʼorea and Tahiti are the largest members of the Windward Islands, a group that is part of the larger Society Islands archipelago.

Moʼoreʼa means 'yellow lizard' in Tahitian: Moʼo = lizard; Reʼa (from reʼareʼa) = yellow. An older name for the island is ʼAimeho, sometimes spelled ʼAimeo or ʼEimeo (among other spellings that were used by early visitors before Tahitian spelling was standardized). Early Western colonists and voyagers also referred to Moʼorea as York Island or Santo Domingo.
Grammer (surname)
Grammer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Grammer, American singer and songwriter

Billy Grammer, American singer

Camille Grammer, American television personality

Elijah S. Grammer, American businessman and politician

Greer Grammer, American actress

Kelsey Grammer, American actor

Mabel Grammer, American journalist

Red Grammer, American singer and songwriter

Robin Grammer Jr., American politician

Spencer Grammer, American actress

Tracy Grammer, American folk singer

Billy Grammer
Billy Wayne Grammer (August 28, 1925 – August 10, 2011) was an American country music singer and accomplished guitar player. He recorded the million-selling "Gotta Travel On", which made it onto both the country and pop music charts in 1959. Grammer would become a regular performer on the Grand Ole Opry, eventually designing, and marketing his namesake guitar after co-founding a guitar company, in Nashville, Tennessee.
Tondrakians
The Tondrakians (Old Armenian: թոնդրակեցիք, romanized: tʻondraketsʻikʻ) were members of an anti-feudal Christian sect that flourished in medieval Armenia between the early 9th and the 11th century, centered on the district of Tondrak north of Lake Van.

Lake Van
Lake Van (Turkish: Van Gölü; Armenian: Վանա լիճ, romanized: Vana lič; Kurdish: Gola Wanê) is the largest lake in Turkey. It lies in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey in the provinces of Van and Bitlis, in the Armenian highlands. It is a saline soda lake, receiving water from many small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains. It is one of the world's few endorheic lakes (a lake having no outlet) of size greater than 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) and has 38% of the country's surface water (including rivers). A volcanic eruption blocked its original outlet in prehistoric times. It is situated at 1,640 m (5,380 ft) above sea level. Despite the high altitude and winter averages below 0 °C (32 °F), high salinity usually prevents it from freezing; the shallow northern section can freeze, but rarely.