hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crow Creek (Alaska)
Crow Creek is a stream in the Chugach Mountains, Alaska, US. It is the only notable tributary of Glacier Creek, which enters Turnagain Arm from the north, 12 miles (19 km) from its eastern end.  The stream is notable as the site of ongoing gold mining since the late 19th century.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Viscount Trematon
The title Viscount Trematon has been created twice, once in the Peerage of Great Britain, and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

in 1726 as a subsidiary title of the Duke of Cumberland

in 1917 as a subsidiary title of the Earl of Athlone

Peerage of Great Britain
The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain between the Acts of Union 1707 and the Acts of Union 1800. It replaced the Peerage of England and the Peerage of Scotland, but was itself replaced by the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801.

The ranks of the Peerage of Great Britain are Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount and Baron. Until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999, all peers of Great Britain could sit in the House of Lords.

Some peerages of Great Britain were created for peers in the Peerage of Scotland and Peerage of Ireland as they did not have an automatic seat in the House of Lords until the Peerage Act 1963 which gave Scottish Peers an automatic right to sit in the Lords.

In the following table of peers of Great Britain, holders of higher or equal titles in the other peerages are listed. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics.
William B. Giles Egan
William Bartholomew Giles Egan (December 3, 1824 – November 29, 1878) was a justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court from January 9, 1877, to November 29, 1878.

Born in Amelia County, Virginia, Egan graduated from Emory and Henry College in 1845, and gained admission to the bar shortly thereafter. He and his family moved to North Louisiana, where Egan "soon acquired a large practice in the Claiborne district".

In 1857, Egan was elected as a district judge, defeating a popular opponent. He was twice reelected, and after completing his final term returned to private practice. In 1877, Governor Francis T. Nicholls offered Egan an appointment to the state supreme court, which Egan accepted. Egan remained on the court until his death. Egan died in New Orleans, following a rapid decline in health, having previously improved from a period of poor health the previous summer. He was interred at Oakland Cemetery in Shreveport.

Louisiana Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Louisiana (French: Cour suprême de Louisiane; Spanish: Corte Suprema de Luisiana) is the highest court and court of last resort in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The modern Supreme Court, composed of seven justices, meets in the French Quarter of New Orleans.

The Supreme Court, and Louisiana state law, are historically based in the colonial governments of France and Spain during the 18th century. The current Supreme Court traces its roots back to these beginnings.
End-Botomian mass extinction
The end-Botomian mass extinction event, also known as the late early Cambrian extinctions, refer to two extinction intervals that occurred during Stages 4 and 5 of the Cambrian Period, approximately 513 to 509 million years ago. Estimates for the decline in global diversity over these events range from 50% of marine genera up to 80%. Among the organisms affected by this event were the small shelly fossils, archaeocyathids (an extinct group of sponges), trilobites, brachiopods, hyoliths, and mollusks.

Hyolitha
Hyoliths are an extinct group of invertebrates with small conical shells, known from fossils from the Palaeozoic era. They are at least considered lophotrochozoans, possibly being lophophorates, a group which includes the brachiopods (hyoliths may even be brachiopods themselves), while others consider them as being basal lophotrochozoans, or even molluscs.
Verdugo (surname)
Verdugo is a surname of Spanish origin. Verdugo means "butcher" or "executioner" in English. Notable people with the surname include:

Agustín Landa Verdugo (1923–2009), Mexican architect and urban planner

Alex Verdugo, (born 1996), American baseball player

Alonso Verdugo, 3rd Count of Torrepalma (1706–1767), Spanish count

Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo (1925–2013), Mexican politician

Elena Verdugo (1925–2017), American actress

Francisco Verdugo (1537–1595), Spanish military commander

Gorka Verdugo (born 1978), Spanish cyclist

José María Verdugo (1751–1831), soldier of the Presidio of San Diego

Kevin Verdugo (born 1968), American football player and coach

Mariano Verdugo (1746–1822), Spanish soldier and mayor

Patricia Verdugo (1947–2008), Chilean journalist, writer and activist

Pedro Verdugo, 2nd Count of Torrepalma (1657–1720), Spanish count and academic

Ryan Verdugo (born 1987), American baseball player

José María Verdugo
José María Verdugo  (1751 – 1831) was a Californio soldier from the Presidio of San Diego who was assigned to the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel at the time his land was granted by the Spanish Empire in 1784.
Close Action
For the song of the same name by Big Country, see The Crossing (Big Country album).

Close Action is a naval board wargame published by Clash of Arms in 1997 and designed by Mark A. Campbell.  The game replicates naval warfare of the 18th and early 19th centuries.  The game was inspired by and shares superficial similarities to the Avalon Hill game Wooden Ships and Iron Men (WS&IM). It was created chiefly in response to perceived errors in the simulation found in WS&IM.

Avalon Hill
Avalon Hill Games Inc. is a game company that publishes wargames and strategic board games. It has also published miniature wargaming rules, role-playing games and sports simulations. It is a subsidiary of Hasbro, and operates under the company's "Hasbro Gaming" division.

Avalon Hill introduced many of the concepts of modern recreational wargaming, including the use of a hexagonal grid (a.k.a. hexgrid) overlaid on a flat folding board, zones of control (ZOC), stacking of multiple units at a location, and board games based upon historical events.
Proto-Surrealism
Proto-Surrealism is a term used for Surrealism avant-la-lettre. It is the study of various forms of art, literature, and other mediums that correspond to, reference, or share similarities to the 20th-century art movement known as Surrealism. This definition is considered a controversial topic, with many debating the suitability of the term surrealism to describe these bodies of work and instead opting to use the term Fantastique or Fantastic Art.

Giuseppe Arcimboldo
Giuseppe Arcimboldo, also spelled Arcimboldi (Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe artʃimˈbɔldo]; 5 April 1527 – 11 July 1593), was an Italian Mannerist painter best known for creating imaginative portrait heads made entirely of objects such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, fish and books.

These works form a category distinct from his other productions. He was a conventional court painter of portraits for three Holy Roman Emperors in Vienna and Prague; also producing religious subjects and, among other things, a series of coloured drawings of exotic animals in the imperial menagerie. He specialized in grotesque symbolical compositions of fruits, animals, landscapes, or various inanimate objects arranged into human forms.

The still life portraits were clearly partly intended as curiosities to amuse the court, but critics have speculated as to how seriously they engaged with Renaissance Neo-Platonism or other intellectual currents of the day.
Agatha Welhouk
Agatha Welhouk (1637–1715) was the central figure of a court case in the Netherlands, where she and her father, sued each other regarding whether a marriage should be considered legal if it had taken place without the consent of the parent.

Welhouk was the daughter of Mayor Gerahdo Cornelisz Welhouck of Delft and Petronella Adriaansdr.

She married a vicar, Arnold Bornius, without the consent of her father in 1655, for which she was sued by her father in 1657. They were forced to separate in 1658, and Welhouk was sentenced to house arrest after having seen her spouse in 1661. Her marriage was declared illegal in 1665, and then declared legal in 1670. The Welhouk case attracted a lot of attention, and became a reference case which affected the law regarding the guardianship of parents over children until the 19th century.

House arrest
House arrest (also called home confinement, or nowadays electronic monitoring) is a legal measure where a person is required to remain at their residence under supervision, typically as an alternative to imprisonment. The person is confined by the authorities to their residence. Travel is usually restricted and may require prior approval.

Since the introduction of electronic tagging, a person under house arrest may be monitored electronically, and their movements are typically tracked. House arrest is also used in some cases for individuals convicted of minor offenses. In certain situations, such as in authoritarian regimes, house arrest may be used to restrict the freedom of political dissidents against political governments, sometimes limiting or monitoring their communication with the outside world. If electronic communication is allowed, conversations may be monitored. There is much criticism of the effectiveness of house arrest.
107.8 Radio Jackie
Radio Jackie is an Independent Local Radio station in Kingston upon Thames, England broadcasting news, popular hits, and local information to South-West London and North Surrey from its studios in Tolworth.

Independent Local Radio
Independent Local Radio is the collective name given to commercial radio stations in the United Kingdom.

As a result of the buyouts and mergers permitted by the Broadcasting Act 1990, deregulation resulting from the Communications Act 2003 and further deregulation from the Media Act 2024, most commercial stations are now neither independent (although they remain independent from the BBC) nor local, as almost all of them are now relays of a national brand, with remaining locality reduced to nothing more than localised commercials, news (which may be from the approved area region), weather and peak-time travel information. Radio stations are licensed and regulated by OfCom.

The same name is used for Independent Local Radio in Ireland.
2011–12 Eurocup Basketball
The 2011–12 Eurocup Basketball season was the tenth edition of Europe's second-tier level transnational competition for men's professional basketball clubs, the EuroCup. The EuroCup is the European-wide league level that is one level below the EuroLeague. It ran from September 27, 2011, until April 15, 2012. The winner of this competition earned a place at the group stage of the next season's EuroLeague.

BC Spartak Saint Petersburg
BC Spartak Saint Petersburg was a Russian professional basketball team that is based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. During the 2016–17 season, the club was named BC Kondrashin Belov (BCKB), after its former player Alexander Belov and its former head coach Vladimir Kondrashin.
Bruce Cunliffe
Bruce Fergusson Cunliffe (August 19, 1925 – April 6, 1989) was an American ice hockey player who competed in ice hockey at the 1948 Winter Olympics.

Cunliffe was a member of the American ice hockey team which played eight games but was disqualified, at the 1948 Winter Olympics hosted by St. Moritz, Switzerland.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
2023 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 2023 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by fifth-year head coach Jim McElwain and played their home games at Kelly/Shorts Stadium as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).  They finished the season 5–7 and 3–5 in conference play

The Central Michigan Chippewas football team drew an average home attendance of 16,350 in 2023.

2023 Mid-American Conference football season
The 2023 Mid-American Conference football season was the 78th season for the Mid-American Conference (MAC), as part of the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Non-conference play began with one game on August 26.  Conference play began on September 23 and concluded with the MAC championship game on Saturday, December 2 at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan.  Miami won the East division with a 7-1 conference record with their only loss coming against Toledo. Toledo won the West with a perfect conference record.  Their quarterback Dequan Finn won Player of the Year and coach Jason Candle won coach of the year.  On October 21, during the regular season game between the division winners, Miami quarterback Brett Gabbert suffered a season ending leg injury.  In spite of that, Miami won their first MAC Championship since 2019 with a 23–14 upset victory in the MAC Championship Game.
Calvert Cliffs State Park
Calvert Cliffs State Park is a public recreation area in Lusby, Calvert County, Maryland, that protects a portion of the cliffs that extend for 24 miles along the eastern flank of the Calvert Peninsula on the west side of Chesapeake Bay from Chesapeake Beach southward to Drum Point. The state park is known for the abundance of mainly Middle Miocene sub-epoch fossils that can be found on the shoreline.

Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene, and followed by the Late Miocene.

The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age.
2014 Monterrey Open – Singles
Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova was the defending champion, but she chose not to participate this year.

Ana Ivanovic won her second title of the year, defeating fellow Serbian Jovana Jakšić 6–2, 6–1 in the final, the first (and to date only) all-Serbian final on the WTA tour.

Aleksandra Wozniak
Aleksandra Wozniak (Polish: Woźniak [ˈvɔʑ.ɲak]; born September 7, 1987) is a Canadian former tennis player. She turned professional in November 2005, and achieved a career-best ranking of No. 21 in June 2009, making her the fifth highest-ranked Canadian singles player of all time. She won one WTA and eleven ITF tournaments. At the Bank of the West Classic in Stanford in 2008, she became the first Canadian in 20 years to capture a WTA singles title and the first Quebecer in history to have accomplished such a feat. She reached a career-high ITF junior ranking of No. 3 on January 31, 2005. Wozniak was named Female Player of the Year by Tennis Canada five times (2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012).
Nam Cheong South (constituency)
Nam Cheong South (Chinese: 南昌南) is one of the 25 constituencies in the Sham Shui Po District of Hong Kong which was created in 1994.

The constituency loosely covers southern Nam Cheong in Sham Shui Po with the estimated population of 19,858.

Nam Cheong Estate
Nam Cheong Estate (Chinese: 南昌邨) is a public housing estate in Sham Shui Po, Kowloon, Hong Kong near Nam Cheong Park, Tung Chau Street Park and MTR Nam Cheong station. It is named from nearby Nam Cheong Street, a main street in Sham Shui Po District. It consists of seven residential blocks completed in 1989. In 2005, the estate was sold to tenants through Tenants Purchase Scheme Phase 6B.
Arnele Avenue station
Arnele Avenue station is a San Diego Trolley station served by the Copper Line in the San Diego suburb of El Cajon, California. The station serves the surrounding residential community, the Parkway Plaza shopping mall, and other commercial properties in the area. The station also has a small park and ride lot.

Copper Line (San Diego Trolley)
The Copper Line, officially the Copper Line–East County Connector, is a light rail line in the San Diego Trolley system, operated by San Diego Trolley, Inc. an operating division of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). Located in East County, San Diego, it operates as a shuttle between El Cajon Transit Center and Santee station. It opened on September 29, 2024, making it the system's newest line.

The line is one of five lines in the trolley system, the others being the Blue, Orange, Green, and Silver (operates on select holidays only) lines. MTS created the Copper Line because the section of the line between Gillespie Field station and Santee has a single track, which has been the source of delays that impact both the Green and Orange lines. The Copper Line aims to alleviate these issues by creating a dedicated shuttle service disconnected from the larger Green and Orange lines.
Dzivin
Dzivin (also Dyvin; Belarusian: Дзівін; Russian: Дивин, romanized: Divin; Polish: Dywin) is an agrotown in Kobryn District, Brest Region, in south-western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Dzivin selsoviet.

Dzivin is situated in the historical region of Polesia, on the southern bank of the Pripyat and at the Kobryn-Kovel road. It is located near the borders with Poland and Ukraine.

Belarus–Ukraine border
The Belarusian-Ukrainian border (Belarusian: Беларуска-ўкраінская граніца, romanized: Bielaruska-ŭkrainskaja hranica, Ukrainian: Білорусько-український кордон, romanized: Bilorus'ko-ukrajin'skyj kordon) is the state border between Belarus and Ukraine with a length of about 1,084 km (674 mi). It starts from the triple junction with Poland  to the west and stretches to the triple junction with Russia  to the east. The tripoint border at the triple border junction of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine is marked in the form of a monument, while at the other border junction there is a river, the Western Bug that coincides with the border of Poland.
Egami Church
Egami Church (江上天主堂, Egami Tenshudō) is a Catholic church in Gotō, Nagasaki, Japan.

The church was first constructed in 1918 after the ban on Christianity was lifted. It is often considered one of the finest wooden churches in Japan. It was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2018 along with Egami Village as part of the "Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region".

Gotō, Nagasaki
Gotō (五島市, Gotō-shi) is a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It comprises the south-west half of the Gotō Islands plus (uninhabited) Danjo and Hizen Torishima archipelagos in the East China Sea. Although the core islands of the city lay some 100 kilometers from Nagasaki, the other archipelagos lay 60 km further to South-West. The city consists of 11 inhabited and 52 uninhabited islands. The three main islands of the city are Fukue, Hisaka, and Naru. As of March 31, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 37,775 and a population density of 90 persons per km2. The total area is 420.81 km2.
Jackson Branch Bridge No. 15
The Jackson Branch Bridge No. 15, also known as the Tecumseh Railroad Bridge due to its close proximity to the city of Tecumseh, is a historic railway deck truss bridge that spans the River Raisin in rural Raisin Charter Township in Lenawee County, Michigan.  The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 2001.

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, established in 1869, and sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route from Buffalo, New York, to Chicago, Illinois, primarily along the south shore of Lake Erie (in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio) and across northern Indiana. The line's trackage remains a major rail transportation corridor used by Amtrak passenger trains and several freight lines; in 1998, its ownership was split at Cleveland, Ohio, between CSX Transportation to the east and Norfolk Southern Railway in the west.
ContraPoints
Natalie Wynn (born October 21, 1988) is an American left-wing YouTuber, political commentator,  cultural critic. She is best known for her YouTube channel, ContraPoints, where she creates video essays exploring topics such as politics, gender, ethics, race, and philosophy.

Her videos often provide counterarguments to right-wing extremists and classical liberals. They comment on modern social issues such as class inequality, transgender rights (as well as LGBTQ rights on the whole), cancel culture, and modern internet culture. Her videos make use of set design, costumes, and characters. Wynn won a Streamy Award for "Commentary" in 2020 and was nominated in the same category at the 2021 Streamy Awards. In 2022, she became an honoree of a Peabody Award.

Streamy Awards
The YouTube Streamy Awards, also known as the Streamy Awards or Streamys, are an awards show presented annually by Dick Clark Productions and Tubefilter to recognize excellence in online video, including directing, acting, producing, and writing. The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented takes place in Los Angeles, California. It was the first awards show dedicated entirely to web series.
Polistodon
Polistodon is an extinct genus of tritylodonts from the Bajocian or Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of China. It contains one species, P. chuannanensis, which is known from a single skull from the Xiashaximiao Formation. According to one study, it may be a species of the genus Stereognathus.

Callovian
In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 165.3 ± 1.1 Ma (million years ago) and 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the Oxfordian.
Kazbek Paranuk
Kazbek Ismailovich Paranuk was the acting prime minister of the Republic of Adygea, Russia, from 16 September 2006 until 15 January 2007. He was appointed by President Khazret Sovmen four days after Yevgeny Kovalyov was dismissed. He has previously served as mayor of Adygeysk.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.