hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Go to the Head of the Class
Go to the Head of the Class is a roll-and-move board game published originally by the Chad Valley Co Ltd. in 1936. It was then published by Milton Bradley (now owned by Hasbro). Go to the Head of the Class was last produced by Winning Moves USA in 2013.

The game board is designed to look like a top view of a school classroom with the teacher's blackboard at one end. Original tokens were cardboard images of adult and children affixed to wooden or plastic bases.  Players can advance to the "head of the class" by moving tokens from desk to desk as a result of answering questions correctly. The game also includes random "chance cards" that add or subtract positions without involving a question, such as "Put away that peashooter and go back 3 desks" or "For good penmanship, advance two desks".

Classroom
A classroom, schoolroom or lecture room is a learning space in which both children and adults learn. Classrooms are found in educational institutions of all kinds, ranging from preschools to universities, and may also be found in other places where education or training is provided, such as corporations and religious and humanitarian organizations. The classroom provides a space where learning can take place uninterrupted by outside distractions.
John Lycett
John Lycett (1804-1882) was an English paleontologist. He was a physician at Minchinhampton from  c.1840-1860. In 1860 he moved to Scarborough in Yorkshire and the "wide dispersal of his magnificent collection of fossils from this area [quarries on Minchinhampton Common ] commenced". His monograph on the Great Oolite is one of just a handful of monographs describing and illustrating the British Jurassic gastropod and bivalve fauna.

He was awarded the Lyell Medal by the Geological Society of London in 1882.

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".
Yale Heights, Baltimore
Yale Heights is a neighborhood in the Southwest District of Baltimore, Maryland, United States, located between Beechfield (west) and Irvington (east). Most of its homes were built in 1955 as a development of two-bedroom, brick townhouses. These townhouses had an average value of $110,469 in 2022. The neighborhood's population in 2022 was estimated at 2,592.

The community's boundary with the Beechfield neighborhood runs along South Beechfield Avenue from South College Road (south) to Frederick Avenue (north). Its boundary with Irvington follows Maiden Choice Run from Frederick Avenue (north) to Loudon Park Cemetery (south).

Catonsville, Maryland
Catonsville (/ˈkeɪtənzˌvɪl/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 44,701 at the 2020 US Census. The community is a streetcar suburb of Baltimore along the city's western border. The town is known for its proximity to the Patapsco River and Patapsco Valley State Park, making it a regional mountain biking hub. The town is also notable as a local hotbed of music, earning it the official nickname of "Music City, Maryland." Catonsville contains the majority of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), a major public research university with close to 14,000 students.
Mircea Fechet
Mircea Fechet (born 1 July 1980) is a Romanian politician. He served as Minister for Environment, Waters and Forests from 5 November 2020 to 23 December 2020. Barna Tánczos was appointed as his successor.

He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in December 2020.

Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
The Chamber of Deputies (Romanian: Camera Deputaților) is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 312 regular seats to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation to serve four-year terms.

Additionally, the organisation of each national ethnic minority is entitled to a seat in the Chamber (under the limitation that a national minority is to be represented by one organisation only). As of the 2024 election, there are 19 such additional seats.
1994 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 6
The qualification matches for Group 6 of the European zone (UEFA) of the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification tournament took place between May 1992 and November 1993. The teams competed on a home-and-away basis with the winner and runner-up claiming 2 of the 12 spots in the final tournament allocated to the European zone. The group consisted of Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, France, Israel, and Sweden.

FIFA World Cup qualifiers
The FIFA World Cup qualification is a set of competitive matches that a national association football team plays in order to qualify for one of the available berths at the final tournament of the men's FIFA World Cup.

Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones, each organized by their respective confederations: AFC (Asia), CAF (Africa), CONCACAF (North and Central America and the Caribbean), CONMEBOL (South America), OFC (Oceania), and UEFA (Europe). For each World Cup, FIFA decides the number of places in the finals allocated to each of the zones, based on the numbers and relative strengths of the confederations' teams.

As a courtesy, the host receives an automatic berth selection, as has happened with the immediate past tournament winner during much of the competition's history. All other finalists are determined on a standalone qualifying round achievement without regard to previous achievements.
Tun Mutahir of Malacca
Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Mutahir (died 1510) was a famous Bendahara of the Malaccan Sultanate. Of Tamil Muslim ancestry, he was the seventh Bendahara, a post equivalent to a prime minister. Prior to holding the post of Bendahara, he also held the post of Temenggung. He was also an influential Tamil Muslim leader in Malacca who elected Tamil Muslims to important posts in the Malaccan government.

Raja Mudaliar, after learning that a legal opponent had bribed the bendahara into siding with him, employed the assistance of Laksamana Khoja Hassan to spread rumors claiming that Tun Mutahir was scheming to take over the throne.

The Sultan then ordered the execution of Mutahir's family with the exception of Tun Fatimah, Mutahir's daughter whom the sultan desired to marry. Upon realising his mistake, Sultan Mahmud abdicated in favour of his son, Sultan Ahmad Shah.

Laksamana
The Laksamana (Jawi: لقسامان‎) is a position within the armed forces, similar to the position of admiral in Malay sultanates and in present-day countries like Indonesia and Malaysia. Since South East Asia was part of Indosphere of Greater India since earlier, during and after the Hinduised Srivijaya empire, Hindu titles based on Sanskrit were used. The word Laksamana originated from Lakshmana, a figure in the Hindu epic of Ramayana.
Billund Airport
Billund Airport (Danish: Billund Lufthavn) (IATA: BLL, ICAO: EKBI) is an international airport in Denmark. Located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northeast of Billund, it serves as one of the country's busiest air cargo centres, as well as a charter airline destination. It is the 10th busiest airport in the Nordic countries.

Cargo airline
Cargo airlines (or air freight carriers, and derivatives of these names) are airlines mainly dedicated to the transport of cargo by air. Some cargo airlines are divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines.
In 2018, airline cargo traffic represented 262,333 million tonne-kilometres with a 49.3% load factor: 52.1% for dedicated cargo operations, and 47.9% within mixed operations (belly freight of passenger airliners).

Dedicated cargo airlines such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, operate a fleet of cargo aircraft and handle the entire freight transportation process. Many airlines, like Emirates and Qatar Airways, have dedicated cargo divisions that operate their own fleet of cargo aircraft alongside their passenger operations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, airlines like American Airlines, Air Canada, and Delta Air Lines utilized their passenger planes, removing seats to create space for cargo, to meet the demand for freight transport.
Signum University
Signum University is a non-profit, online graduate school based in New Hampshire, granting the degree of Master of Arts in Language and Literature. Its founder and president is Corey Olsen.

Signum's master's degree program has four areas of concentration: Classic Literature, Tolkien Studies, Germanic Philology, and Imaginative Literature. Instruction is done entirely via the Internet, with a combination of the use of webinars, live and pre-recorded lectures, Google Classroom, and Google Groups.

Signum is one of the few universities to offer multiple courses in Tolkien Studies. In addition to founder Corey Olsen, the university also draws from other notable Tolkien scholars such as Tom Shippey, Verlyn Flieger, Douglas A. Anderson, John Garth, Michael D. C. Drout, and Dimitra Fimi.  The Germanic philology program is also robust and growing.

Michael D. C. Drout
Michael D. C. Drout (/draʊt/; born 3 May 1968) is an American Professor of English and Director of the Center for the Study of the Medieval at Wheaton College. He is an author and editor specializing in Anglo-Saxon and medieval literature, science fiction and fantasy, especially the works of J. R. R. Tolkien and Ursula Guin.
St John Brodrick (1627–1711)
Sir St John Brodrick, of Midleton (3 December 1627 – January 1711) was an Irish Member of Parliament.

He represented County Cork in the Irish House of Commons from 1692 to 1693 and from 1695 to 1699.

He was the son of Sir Thomas Brodrick, of Wandsworth, by his wife Katherine, daughter of Robert Nicholas, of Manningford Bruce. Through her mother Katherine was granddaughter of Nicholas St John, of Lydiard Tregoze, and first cousin of Sir John St John, 1st Baronet.

By his wife Alice Clayton he was father of (among others):

Thomas Brodrick (1654–1730)

Alan Brodrick, 1st Viscount Midleton (c.1656–1728)

St John Brodrick (1659–1707)

Manningford
Manningford is a civil parish in Wiltshire, England. The parish includes the villages of Manningford Abbots, Manningford Bohune and Manningford Bruce, and the hamlet of Manningford Bohune Common, together known as the Manningfords.

The parish is in the Vale of Pewsey which carries the upper section of the Salisbury Avon. Pewsey is about 2 miles (3.2 km) to the northeast; the nearest towns are Marlborough, 8 miles (13 km) northeast, and Devizes, 9 miles (14 km) to the west. The parish is long and narrow in shape, stretching from the Salisbury Avon valley in the northwest to higher downland towards Upavon, on the northern edge of Salisbury Plain. The A345 Pewsey–Upavon road passes to the south of the three villages.
David W. Deamer
David Wilson Deamer (born April 21, 1939) is an American biologist and Research Professor of Biomolecular Engineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Deamer has made contributions to the field of membrane biophysics.  His work led to a novel method of DNA sequencing and a more complete understanding of the role of membranes in the origin of life.

He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1985, which supported research at the Australian National University in Canberra to investigate organic compounds in the Murchison meteorite. He served as the president of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life from 2013 to 2014.

Murchison meteorite
The Murchison meteorite is a meteorite that fell in Australia in 1969 near Murchison, Victoria. It belongs to  the carbonaceous chondrite class, a group of meteorites rich in organic compounds. Due to its mass (over 100 kg or 220 lb) and the fact that it was an observed fall, the Murchison meteorite is one of the most studied of all meteorites.

In January 2020, cosmochemists reported that the oldest material found on Earth to date are the silicon carbide particles from the Murchison meteorite, which have been determined to be 7 billion years old, about 2.5 billion years older than the 4.54-billion-year age of the Earth and the Solar System. The published study noted that "dust lifetime estimates mainly rely on sophisticated theoretical models. These models, however, focus on the more common small dust grains and are based on assumptions with large uncertainties."
Bayush Razgildeyev
Prince Bayush Razgildeyev (Russian: князь Баюш Разгильдеев) was a Tatar warlord of the 17th century Time of Troubles. In 1612 he defended Arzamas lands and defeated Nogays, killed 500 people, captured the enemy banner, and freed about 7,000 hostages. For this feat he was awarded the title of Prince in 1613 by provisional rulers of wartime Russia, Trubetskoy and Pozharsky. This title was confirmed in 1618 by the czar Mikhail Feodorovich. He was the founder of Bayushev noble family in Russia.

Nogais
The Nogais (/noʊˈɡaɪ/ noh-GY) are a Turkic people who speak Nogai, a language from the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages. They live in Eastern Europe, the North Caucasus, the Volga region, Central Asia, and Turkey. Most are found in northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia, Chechnya, and Astrakhan Oblast; some also live in Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria), Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and a small Nogai diaspora is found in Syria and Jordan. They speak the Nogai language and are descendants of various Mongolic and Turkic tribes who formed the Nogai Horde. There are nine main groups of Nogais: the Ak Nogai, the Karagash, the Koban-Nogai, the Kundraw-Nogai, the Achikulak-Nogai, the Qara-Nogai, the Utars, the Bug-Nogai, and the Yurt-Nogai.
1930 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1930 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 21st staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 18 January 1931 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Passage and Buttevant, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Passage won the match by 4–01 to 1–03 to claim their second championship title overall and a first championship title in six years.

Passage West GAA
Passage West GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Passage West, in County Cork, Ireland. The club fields teams in both Gaelic football and hurling. It is a member of the Seandún
division of Cork GAA. The club is geographically located in the Carrigdhoun GAA division and was originally a member of it prior to transferring to Seandún following a dispute. As of 2024, the club was playing Junior Football and Junior Hurling. The club's ground is located in the Maulbaun area of the town. It also has Ladies Football teams at underage, Minor, under 21, and Junior levels. It has won Cork County Ladies Football titles in under 12, under 16, as well as the Mid Cork Junior League.
2018 Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge – Doubles
Mihaela Buzărnescu and Alena Fomina were the defending champions, but Buzărnescu chose not participate.

Fomina played alongside Valentina Ivakhnenko and successfully defended her title, defeating Réka Luca Jani and Cornelia Lister in the final, 7–5, 6–2.

Alena Fomina-Klotz
Alena Sergeyevna Fomina-Klotz (née Fomina; Russian: Алёна Сергеевна Фомина; born 5 July 1989) is a German tennis player. From 2005 to October 2017, she represented Ukraine. From 2017 to 2025, she represented Russia.
Urban Vocal Group
The Urban Vocal Group (/ˈʊərbɑːn/, abbreviated to The UVG) is a musical charity headquartered in Portsmouth, Hampshire that specialise in contemporary music performance and education.

The charity has been active in Havant since 2008 and within Portsmouth City since 2014, providing access to music training in the form of group vocals, one to one singing and vocal health tuition, songwriting, composition, and recording, rehearsals and live performances, mentorship and volunteer opportunities as well as public music workshops. The UVG accommodates young people aged 10 to 18, and until early 2023 provided a senior group for older attendees in the Form of AUVG.

UVG began extensive artist development projects in 2015 for younger musicians, which had progressed further in 2016. The UVG celebrated their 10-year anniversary as a registered charity on 14 January 2018 at Portsmouth Guildhall.

In February 2019, the UVG received a grant of £75,000 from Youth Music UK.

Anniversary
An anniversary is the date on which an event took place or an institution was founded.

Most countries celebrate national anniversaries, typically called national days. These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution or form of government. There is no definite method for determining the date of establishment of an institution, and it is generally decided within the institution by convention. The important dates in a sitting monarch's reign may also be commemorated, an event often referred to as a "jubilee".
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford
The Department of Zoology was a former academic department at the Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1860. It was merged with the Department of Plant Sciences to form the Department of Biology on 1 August 2022.

Many distinguished scientists worked in the department at various stages in their careers, including three Nobel Laureates (Peter Medawar, Niko Tinbergen, and Sir John Gurdon), three winners of the Crafoord Prize (Bill Hamilton, Ilkka Hanski, Bob May), the Kyoto Prize (Bill Hamilton) and Blue Planet Prize (Bob May), as well as four winners of the Copley Medal (the Royal Society's premier research award).

Ilkka Hanski
Ilkka Aulis Hanski ForMemRS (14 February 1953 – 10 May 2016) was a Finnish ecologist at the University of Helsinki, Finland. The Metapopulation Research Center led by Hanski, until his death, has been nominated as a Center of Excellence by the Academy of Finland. The group studies species living in fragmented landscapes and attempts to advance metapopulation ecology research. Hanski proposed the core-satellite hypothesis of species distributions. Metapopulation ecology itself studies populations of plants and animals which are separated in space by occupying patches.
Moiynkum Desert
The Moiynkum Desert (Kazakh: Мойынқұм, Moiynqūm), is a desert in the Turkistan and Zhambyl regions of southern Kazakhstan.

Common plant types in the desert include saksaul, milkvetch, mugwort and sedge. The Andasay State Nature Reserve is a 1,000,000 hectares (2,500,000 acres) protected area that was established in 1966.

Haloxylon ammodendron
Haloxylon ammodendron, variously called the saxaul (Russian: саксау́л, romanized: saksaúl), black saxaul, also spelled sacsaoul or saksaul is a plant belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. "Saksaul" is a common Turkic word that entered Russian through Kazakh.
Pelchat
Pelchat is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann-Marie Pelchat (born 1974), Canadian freestyle skier

Christiane Pelchat (born 1959), Canadian politician

Juliette Pelchat (born 2004), Canadian snowboarder

Marc Pelchat (born 1967), American speed skater

Mario Pelchat (born 1964), Canadian Francophone singer from Quebec

Zoé Pelchat, Canadian film and television director from Quebec

Marc Pelchat
Marc Pelchat (born September 16, 1967) is an American speed skater. He is from Chelmsford, Massachusetts and attended Chelmsford High School and Northern Michigan University. He competed in men's 500 metres at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano and the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, where he placed 23rd and 28th respectively.
Maria Ekstrand
Maria Ekstrand (born 2 March 1970) is a Swedish former professional tennis player.

Ekstrand, who reached a best singles ranking of 149, claimed two $25,000 ITF titles during her career, in Benin City in 1988 and York, Pennsylvania in 1990. Most notably, Ekstrand won through to the second round of the 1991 Australian Open, where she was eliminated by fourth seed Gabriela Sabatini.

1991 Australian Open
The 1991 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Flinders Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 79th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 14 through 27 January 1991.
Peter Poon
Peter Poon Wing-cheung (born 1934, Hong Kong) is an accountant and politician.

After a secondary education at Wah Yan College, Poon studied law at London University and was admitted to The Law Society. He later studied for a legum doctoral degree at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He is a fellow of both the Australian Society of Accountants and the Hong Kong Society of Accountants and a member of the Singapore Society of Accountants. He is also an authorised company auditor in England and accountant in Australia.

He was an appointed member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1983 to 1991.

Chinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Established in 1963 as a federation of three colleges – Chung Chi College, New Asia College, and United College, it is Hong Kong's second-oldest university, with the first being the University of Hong Kong. Predecessors of the university included St. John's University, Lingnan University and Yenching University, alongside 10 other Christian universities in China.

The university is organised into nine constituent colleges and eight academic faculties, and remains the only collegiate university in Hong Kong. The university operates in both English and Chinese.

Four Nobel laureates are associated with the university, and it is the only tertiary institution in Hong Kong with recipients of the Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal, and Veblen Prize sitting as faculty in residence.
Sander Gillé
Sander Gillé (born 15 January 1991) is a Belgian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 18 by the ATP, achieved on 25 September 2023. He also has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 574, reached on 24 December 2018.
Gillé has won eight ATP Tour doubles titles with partner Joran Vliegen, including an ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2024 Monte-Carlo Masters.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.