hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1988 Mindoro earthquake
On June 19, 1988, 20:19:52 UTC, an earthquake measuring 6.2 Mw struck the central Philippine island of Mindoro. The quake struck in the early morning at a depth of 16.7 km (10.4 mi). It had a maximum intensity of VI (Strong) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale, and was located 1 km north-northeast of Bagong Sikat. 
The focal mechanism indicated strike-slip faulting. Most of the damage was in Mindoro where two people died and four were injured.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
NGC 7767
NGC 7767 is a 14th-magnitude lenticular galaxy located within the constellation Pegasus. It was discovered in 1872 by Ralph Copeland using Lord Rosse's 72-inch telescope. It is an S0a type galaxy with a redshift of 0.026829.

Leviathan of Parsonstown
The Leviathan of Parsonstown, or Rosse six-foot telescope, is a historic reflecting telescope of 72 inches (1.83 m) aperture, which was the largest telescope in the world from 1845 until the construction of the 100-inch (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope in California in 1917. The Rosse six-foot telescope was built by William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse on his estate, Birr Castle, at Parsonstown (now Birr) in Ireland.
Enteromius arcislongae
Enteromius arcislongae is a species of ray-finned fish in the  family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Lake Malawi,  and is found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater lakes.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Diggajaru
Diggajaru (transl. The Legends) is a 2001 Indian Kannada-language film directed by D. Rajendra Babu. The film stars Vishnuvardhan in dual roles as a father and son and Ambareesh. The music of the film was composed by Hamsalekha. It is a remake of the 1998 Tamil film Natpukkaga.

D. Rajendra Babu
D. Rajendra Babu (30 March 1951 – 3 November 2013) was an Indian filmmaker and screenplay writer in Kannada cinema. He has directed over 50 films in various genres, most of them being sentimental films. He wrote and directed numerous blockbuster films, though many of them are re-makes. Apart from Kannada films, he directed a Malayalam and a Hindi film each. He is considered one of the most revered directors of the Kannada film industry.

Some of the notable works of Babu are Nanu Nanna Hendathi (1985), Olavina Udugore (1987), Ramachaari (1991), Ramarajyadalli Rakshasaru (1990), Halunda Thavaru (1994), Appaji (1996), Diggajaru (2000), Amma (2001), Encounter Dayanayak (2005) and Bindaas (2010).
2019 San Marino and Rimini Riviera motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2019 San Marino and Rimini Riviera motorcycle Grand Prix was the thirteenth round of the 2019 MotoGP season. It was held at the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli in Misano Adriatico on 15 September 2019.

Misano Adriatico
Misano Adriatico (Romagnol: Misên) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rimini in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Rimini.

Misano Adriatico borders the following municipalities: Cattolica, Coriano, Riccione, San Clemente, San Giovanni in Marignano.

Misano is a seaside town with a few resorts. The main attraction of the town is the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli. The Conca enters the Adriatic Sea near the town.
Gary L. Wolfram
Gary Lee Wolfram is an American economist. He is the William E. Simon Professor in Economics and Public Policy at Hillsdale College and President of Hillsdale Policy Group, a consulting firm specializing in taxation and policy analysis.

Consultant
A consultant (from Latin: consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as expert, specialist, see variations of meaning below) who provides advice or services in an area of specialization (generally to medium or large-size corporations). Consulting services generally fall under the domain of professional services, as contingent work.

The Harvard Business School defines a consultant as someone who advises on "how to modify, proceed in, or streamline a given process within a specialized field".
Rambler Harbour
Rambler Harbour (66°28′S 66°27′W﻿ / ﻿66.467°S 66.450°W﻿ / -66.467; -66.450) is a small harbour in the north side of Rambler Island, Bragg Islands, in Crystal Sound. First mapped and named by Commander W.M. Carey, Royal Navy, of the Discovery II (1930–31). The location of the harbour was in doubt for several years, but in 1958 was reidentified and surveyed by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Rambler Harbour". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Heater (surname)
Heater is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chuck Heater (born 1952), American football player and coach

Danny Heater (born 1942), American high school basketball record holder

Don Heater (born 1950), American football running back

Larry Heater (born 1958), American football running back

Larry Heater
Larry Heater (born January 9, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) in the 1980s. Heater played college football for the Arizona Wildcats and was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the sixth round of the 1980 NFL draft.
1987 American League Championship Series
The 1987 American League Championship Series was a semifinal matchup in Major League Baseball's 1987 postseason which pitted the Minnesota Twins, the American League West champions, against the Detroit Tigers, the American League East champions. Minnesota won the Series four games to one, en route to winning the 1987 World Series four games to three over the St. Louis Cardinals.

1987 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1987 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 106th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 96th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 95–67 during the season and finished first in the National League East for the third and last time before moving to the National League Central in 1994. They went on to win the NLCS in seven games over the San Francisco Giants. In the World Series against the Minnesota Twins, after having fallen behind 2–0 at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, they won their next three games at home. However, back at the Metrodome, they lost the last two and fell one game short of a World Series title. It would be the Cardinals' last World Series appearance until 2004.
Jan Keizer (referee)
Johannes "Jan" Nicolaus Ignacius Keizer (6 October 1940 – 18 November 2024) was a Dutch football referee. He refereed two matches in the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, and one match in the 1984 UEFA European Football Championship in France.

Keizer was a FIFA referee during the period from 1974, to 1987. He officiated the final at the 1984 Olympic tournament between France and Brazil, and served as a referee in the 1983 FIFA World Youth Championship, UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying, UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying, UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying, 1978 FIFA World Cup qualification, 1982 World Cup qualification, and 1986 World Cup qualification.

Keizer died on 18 November 2024, at the age of 84.

UEFA Euro 1984
The 1984 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in France from 12 to 27 June 1984. It was the seventh UEFA European Championship, a competition held every four years and endorsed by UEFA.

At the time, only eight countries took part in the final stage of the tournament, seven of which had to come through the qualifying stage. France qualified automatically as hosts of the event; in the tournament led by Michel Platini, who scored nine goals in France's all five matches, which is still the record for goals scored in a single tournament and until UEFA Euro 2020 was also the record for goals scored by a single player at all tournaments. Les Bleus won the championship – their first major international title.
Kung Jaadee
Kung Jaadee (Roberta Kennedy) is a traditional Haida storyteller, singer, drummer, teacher, and children's book author from the village of Old Massett, Haida Gwaii in Northern British Columbia, Canada.

Following Haida tradition, she passed the name Kwii-Ge-Ii-Ones (Big Loved Cloud) on to her daughter and the name Kung Jaadee (Woman in the Moon or Moon Woman) was given to her at her great uncle's memorial feast by her cousin.

Old Massett
Old Massett (Haida: Gaw Tlagée) is a reserve on Graham Island in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia.  It lies on the east side of Masset Sound close to the town of Masset; the area of land it is on is legally designated Masset Indian Reserve No. 1, or Masset 1.  The original name of the settlement was Uttewas, meaning "white-slope village" in the Haida language.  It is populated by Haida people of both Ḵuustak, the Eagle matrilineage, and Ḵayx̱al, the Raven matrilineage. The town is administered by the Old Massett Village Council.  Its population has fluctuated over the last one hundred and fifty years; smallpox, especially the 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic, drastically reduced its numbers in the late 1800s, but in 1968, it had over 1,000 people and was the largest village in Haida Gwaii.  In 2009, the Village Council counted 2,698 band members in the area; the 2021 census counted 475 living at the Old Massett townsite.
Tsivil
The Great Tsivil or simply Tsivil (also spelled Tzivil and Civil /sɪˈvɪl/), is a river in Chuvashia, Russian Federation, a right tributary of the Volga in its lower course. The Tsivil is 170 km (110 mi) long, and its watershed area is 4,690 km2 (1,810 sq mi). Near Tsivilsk is the Little Tsivil, which joins the Great Tsivil, forming the river Tsivil; said river flows into the Volga near Novocheboksarsk. Other major tributaries are the Unga and Kuganar. Tsivil's yearly runoff volume is 640,000,000 m3 (520,000 acre⋅ft).

Novocheboksarsk
Novocheboksarsk is a city in Chuvashia, Russia, located on the southern bank of the Volga River, about 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) east of Cheboksary, the capital city of the republic. It had a population of 124,097 (2010 Census); 125,857 (2002 Census); 114,760 (1989 Soviet census).
Robert C. Calfee
Robert Chilton Calfee (January 26, 1933 – October 23, 2014) was an American educational psychologist specializing in the study of reading and writing processes and instruction. He is known for his work on Project Read and the LeapFrog learning system.

Educational psychologist
An educational psychologist is a psychologist whose differentiating functions may include diagnostic and psycho-educational assessment, psychological counseling in educational communities (students, teachers, parents, and academic authorities), community-type psycho-educational intervention, and mediation, coordination, and referral to other professionals, at all levels of the educational system. Many countries use this term to signify those who provide services to students, their teachers, and families, while other countries use this term to signify academic expertise in teaching Educational Psychology.
Autoregressive moving-average model
In the statistical analysis of time series, an autoregressive–moving-average (ARMA) model is used to represent a (weakly) stationary stochastic process by combining two components: autoregression (AR) and moving average (MA). These models are widely used for analyzing the structure of a series and for forecasting future values.

The AR component specifies that the current value of the series depends linearly on its own past values (lags), while the MA component specifies that the current value depends on a linear combination of past error terms. An ARMA model is typically denoted as ARMA(p, q), where p is the order of the autoregressive part and q is the order of the moving-average part.

The general ARMA model was described in the 1951 thesis of Peter Whittle, Hypothesis testing in time series analysis, and it was popularized in the 1970 book by George E. P. Box and Gwilym Jenkins.

ARMA models can be estimated by using the Box–Jenkins method.

Errors and residuals
In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable). The error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean). The residual is the difference between the observed value and the estimated value of the quantity of interest (for example, a sample mean). The distinction is most important in regression analysis, where the concepts are sometimes called the regression errors and regression residuals and where they lead to the concept of studentized residuals.
In econometrics, "errors" are also called disturbances.
Morne la Vigie
Morne la Vigie (French pronunciation: [mɔʁn la viʒi]) is an extinct scoria cone, located 9.4 km from the commune of Saut-d'Eau and 21 km from Port-au-Prince, it was active from Pleistocene until around the 400,000 years ago.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
Dreams of Childhood
Dreams of Childhood is a spoken word album by American indie folk musician Mark Kozelek and Argentine actor Nicolás Pauls. Executive produced by Pauls, the album features eleven poems written by Argentine street kids, translated by Pauls, Federico Novik, Pablo Cubarle and Catalina Moran. Proceeds from the album will be donated to La Casa de la Cultura de la Calle, an Argentine non-profit organization for homeless children.

Nicolás Pauls
Nicolás Pauls (born December 20, 1973) is an Argentine actor and musician. As the brother of actor Gastón Pauls, he made his breakthrough in the television series 90-60-90 modelos and in the film Buenos Aires Vice Versa in 1996, for which he earned Argentine Film Critics Association Awards for Best New Star nomination. He is a vegetarian and supports animal welfare organisations, publishing a video with Sinergia Animal against battery cages for egg laying hens in May 2019
Akshumkar
Akshumkar (Kyrgyz: Акшумкар, lit. 'White Falcon') is a conservative-liberal Kyrgyz political party led by ex-Prime Minister and two-time presidential candidate Temir Sariyev. Originally founded in April 2007 as an opposition parliamentary faction, it later officially became a political party. The party, which has been part of the political opposition since its founding, does not hold any seats in the national legislature. It participated in the 2010 parliamentary election, but only recorded 4.71% of the vote and thereby failed to pass the 5% national threshold.

The party supports decentralisation, state management only in parts of the economy vital to the national interest and non-interference with private business and property, a mixed-member proportional representation voting system where no one party can hold more than 50% of seats, a reduction in the power of the President, and an independent judiciary (including an independent body for selecting candidates).

Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those related to planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, technology, economics and money.
Peter Esdaile
Peter Esdaile (born 20 October 1947) is a Norwegian painter, sculptor, and printmaker born in Canada. Esdaile was educated in the period 1966–1973 at the National Academy of Craft and Art Industry, and at the National Academy of Fine Arts where he received his MFA. He studied under Chrix Dahl, Åge Storstein, Ludvig Eikaas, Halvdan Ljøsne, and Arne Malmedal.

While Esdaile's early works were more political in nature, his later works have evolved to become a fusion of surrealism and  expressionism. Esdaile's works are informed by Western and Oriental philosophy and have been influenced by  Francis Bacon, David Hockney, Piet Mondrian, Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, Anselm Kiefer, Alberto Giacometti, Knut Rose and Jens Johanessen.

Western philosophy
Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions, and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics. The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), literally, 'the love of wisdom', from Ancient Greek: φιλεῖν (phileîn), 'to love', and σοφία (sophía), 'wisdom'.

Western philosophy stands in contrast to other cultural and regional traditions like Eastern philosophy.
Ballance, New Zealand
Ballance is a farming community in Tararua District and Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. The main settlement is located on the west back of the Mangahao River, south and west of Woodville and 11 km north-west of Pahiatua.

Tararua Wind Farm, the largest wind farm in the southern hemisphere, is located in the area.

The Ballance area includes part of the Manawatū Gorge west of Woodville, including the Ballance Bridge on State Highway 3. The Manawatu Gorge Track extends from Ballance in the east to the outskirts of Palmerston North in the west.

State Highway 3 (New Zealand)
State Highway 3 (SH 3) is one of New Zealand's eight national state highways. It serves the west coast of the country's North Island and forms a link between State Highway 1 and State Highway 2. Distances are measured from north to south.

For most of its length SH 3 is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, both in rural and urban areas.
Hurlingham, Gauteng
Hurlingham is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. Hurlingham has traditionally been an upmarket residential suburb. This residential suburb is located just outside the Sandton central business district. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

Sandton
Sandton is a financial, commercial and residential city, located in the northern part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Formerly an independent municipality, Sandton's name came from the combination of two of its suburbs, Sandown and Bryanston.
48,000 Hz
In digital audio, 48,000 Hz (also represented as 48 kHz or DVD Quality) is a common sampling rate. It has become the standard for professional audio and video.

48 kHz is evenly divisible by 24, a common frame rate for media, such as film, unlike 44.1 kHz.

Sampling (signal processing)
In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-time signal to a discrete-time signal. A common example is the conversion of a sound wave to a sequence of "samples".
A sample is a value of the signal at a point in time and/or space; this definition differs from the term's usage in statistics, which refers to a set of such values.

A sampler is a subsystem or operation that extracts samples from a continuous signal. A theoretical ideal sampler produces samples equivalent to the instantaneous value of the continuous signal at the desired points.

The original signal can be reconstructed from a sequence of samples, up to the Nyquist limit, by passing the sequence of samples through a reconstruction filter.
Nikki Yeoh
Nikki Yeoh (born 24 May 1973) is a British jazz pianist who has worked with Courtney Pine, Cleveland Watkiss, Steve Williamson, Chante Moore, The Roots and Neneh Cherry. Born in London, Yeoh is of mixed race origin, having a father from Malaysia and a British mother. Some of her first music teachers were Don Rendell and Ian Carr.

Yeoh has a long-standing collaboration with drummer Mark Mondesir and his bassist brother, Michael Mondesir in the jazz trio Infinitum. Yeoh was the musical director for the finalists of the BBC Young Jazz Musician 2020.

In 2022, she was appointed at MEI (Music Education Islington) and Guildhall as the Lead for Jazz, Improvisation and Pop.

Steve Williamson
Steve Williamson (born 28 June 1964) is an English saxophonist and composer (tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, keyboard and composition). He has been called "one of the most distinctive saxophone voices in contemporary British jazz".