hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Changing tones
In music, changing tones (also called double neighboring tones and neighbor group) consists of two consecutive non-chord tones. The first moves in one direction by a step from a chord tone, then skips by a third in the opposite direction to another non-chord tone, and then finally resolves back to the original chord tone. Changing tones appear to resemble two consecutive neighbor tones; an upper neighbor and a lower neighbor with the chord tone missing from the middle. The changing tone functions as a way to decorate, or embellish, a chord tone and are also used to provide rhythmic interest between common tones.  In rare instances, changing tones can be heard as musical cryptograms, such as the cruciform melody.

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges
The Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges (ISSN 0037-9646, CODEN BSCBAG) is the Belgium peer-reviewed scientific journal in chemistry. Originally it started under the name

Bulletin de l'Association Belge des Chimistes [Vol. 1 (1887/88) to Vol. 17 (1903)],

but with Vol. 18 (1904) the title name changed. The journal is also known under the title

Bulletin de la Société Chimiques de Belgique.

In 1998, this journal was absorbed by the European Journal of Organic Chemistry and the European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry.

CODEN
CODEN – according to ASTM standard E250 – is a six-character, alphanumeric bibliographic code that provides concise, unique and unambiguous identification of the titles of periodicals and non-serial publications from all subject areas.

CODEN became particularly common in the scientific community as a citation system for periodicals cited in technical and chemistry-related publications and as a search tool in many bibliographic catalogues.
Steven T. Wax
Steven T. Wax (born 1949) was a U.S. federal Public Defender for the District of Oregon in Portland, Oregon. Wax resigned in 2014 from his position after 31 years and now works with the Oregon Innocence Project.

He is admitted to the U.S. District Court for districts of Southern and Eastern New York, the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the Second and Ninth circuits, and the U.S. Supreme Court.

Wax earned a B.A. cum laude from Colgate University in 1970 and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1974. He has been a member of the Oregon State Bar since 1983 and is also a member of the New York State Bar.  He started in 1979 as an Assistant District Attorney in Brooklyn, New York and became the Public Defender in Broome County, New York from 1979 through 1983. He was an adjunct professor at Lewis & Clark Law School from 1985 through 1993 and in 2001.

Wax is married to Kathleen Haley, the Executive Director of the Oregon Medical Board.

New York State Bar Association
The New York State Bar Association (NYSBA) is a voluntary bar association for the state of New York. The mission of the association is to cultivate the science of jurisprudence; promote reform in the law; facilitate the administration of justice; and elevate the standards of integrity, honor, professional skill, and courtesy in the legal profession.
Hiniduma Electoral District
Hiniduma electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Hiniduma in Galle District, Southern Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Hiniduma electoral district was replaced by the Galle multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.
Donald Holmquest
Donald Lee Holmquest (born April 7, 1939) is an American lawyer, physician, electrical engineer, and former NASA astronaut. He was the CEO of the California Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO).

Regional Health Information Organization
A Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO, pronounced rio), also called a Health Information Exchange Organization, is a multistakeholder organization created to facilitate a health information exchange (HIE) – the transfer of healthcare information electronically across organizations – among stakeholders of that region's healthcare system. The ultimate objective is to improve the safety, quality, and efficiency of healthcare as well as access to healthcare through the efficient application of health information technology.  RHIOs are also intended to support secondary use of clinical data for research as well as institution/provider quality assessment and improvement. RHIO stakeholders include smaller clinics, hospitals, medical societies, major employers and payers.

RHIOs are intended to be key to the proposed US Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN).
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas
The Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas is a triannual peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Instituto Nacional de Geoquímica, and Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontología. It covers the field of geology and related Earth sciences, primarily on issues that are relevant to Latin America and Mexico. It was established in 1976 and the editors-in-chief are Angel F. Nieto Samaniego and Peter Schaaf (National Autonomous University of Mexico).

Mexican Geological Society
The Mexican Geological Society (in Spanish: Sociedad Geológica Mexicana) is a Mexican learned society founded in 1904.  Among the founders was geologist Dr. José G. Aguilera who also was the first president of the society.  The society publishes the journal Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana.
Henry Banister (politician)
Henry Banister (c. 1538–1628) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1614 and in 1625.

Banister was a goldsmith living in Clapton, Hackney. In 1614, he was elected Member of Parliament for Preston in the Addled Parliament.  He was an out-burgess of Preston in 1624. In 1625 he was elected MP for Preston again.

Banister died at the age of about 90.

Banister had a son Christopher and two daughters.

His widow Anne (d. 1634) married Sir William Bulstrode in 1629, Member of Parliament for Rutland.

Rutland (UK Parliament constituency)
Rutland was a parliamentary constituency covering the county of Rutland.  It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1918, when it became part of the Rutland and Stamford constituency, along with Stamford in Lincolnshire.  Since 1983, Rutland has formed part of the Rutland and Melton constituency along with Melton Mowbray from Leicestershire.

The constituency elected two Members of Parliament (MPs), traditionally known as Knights of the Shire, until 1885, when it was reduced to one Member.
Burebrot
Burebrot, Bauernbrot, Pain paysan (English: Farmers' bread) or Pane del nonno (English: Grandpa's bread) is a bread made in Switzerland. Unlike most other breads, which are mainly composed of flour, yeast and water, the Burebrot also contains milk.

The bread is made by mixing rye and wheat flour, water, salt, yeast and a leavening agent into a dough, which is formed into a round shape. After 70 to 90 minutes, the surface is cut with a knife to create a decorative lozenge pattern and the bread is baked first at a high, then at a moderate temperature until the crust is crunchy.

Despite its name, the Burebrot is of relatively recent origin: it was developed in 1955 by the Ecole Professionnelle de Richemont in cooperation with the Swiss Bakers' Association as a way to make use of surplus milk. It is now available in most Swiss bakeries and supermarkets as a bread for everyday consumption. As a bread developed by professionals, it is not usually made at home.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Kuwabara Castle
Kuwabara Castle (桑原城, Kuwabara-jō), also known as Takatoya Castle and Suisho Castle, is a yamashiro (castle located on a mountain) situated in Suwa, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The castle was constructed sometime in the fifteenth century by the Kuwabara clan. By the time it came under the control of the Suwa clan, it had become a satellite castle to Uehara Castle. When forces of the Takeda clan arrived in the area in 1542, the lord of Uehara Castle, Suwa Yorishige, retreated to Kuwabara Castle, which was soon surrounded by Takeda soldiers. The castle fell after a two-day siege. Yorishige and his two brothers were taken to Kofu. A month later, they were forced to commit seppuku.

Suwa clan
The Suwa clan (諏訪氏, Suwa-shi), also known as the Jin or Miwa clan (神氏, Miwa uji / Miwa-shi or Jinshi) was a Japanese shake and samurai family. Originating from the area encompassing Lake Suwa in Shinano Province (modern-day Nagano Prefecture), it was originally a family of priests who served at the Upper Shrine of Suwa located on the southwestern side of the lake. By the Kamakura period, it thrived as a prominent samurai clan with close ties to the shogunate.

Surviving the fall of both the Kamakura shogunate and the Southern Imperial Court which it supported, its feud with local rival clans, and frequent clashes with its neighbor in Kai, the Takeda clan, during the Sengoku period (which ended in the extinction of the main family),  by the Edo period the clan had split into two branches: one ruling the Suwa Domain of Shinano as daimyō, with the other continuing to serve as priests of Suwa Shrine until the Meiji era.
Pullens buildings
The Pullens Buildings, also known as the Pullens Estate, are some of the last Victorian tenement buildings surviving in London, England. In the Walworth, Newington area, they are near Elephant and Castle and Kennington Underground stations. Located in Amelia Street, Crampton Street, Iliffe Street, Penton Place and Peacock Street, they are protected by Conservation Area status granted by Southwark Council.

Newington, London
Newington is a district of Central London, just south of the River Thames, and part of the London Borough of Southwark. It was an ancient parish and the site of the early administration of the county of Surrey. It was the location of the County of London Sessions House from 1917, in a building now occupied by the Inner London Crown Court.
Catalonia International Prize
The Catalonia International Prize (Catalan: Premi Internacional Catalunya) is a Spanish international prize, awarded every year since 1989 by the Generalitat de Catalunya. The award recognizes the work of people who have not only contributed to the development of culture, science or economics, but have also stood out for having completed their work with a high ethical and humanistic commitment.

Institutions and organizations from all over the world present candidates every year, usually exceeding 200 people. A large jury, composed of various personalities from different fields, and independent of the Generalitat, determine one award winner each year. The prize is only given to living people, and cannot be awarded posthumously. Four times (1995, 2004, 2008, and 2013) the award has been shared by two people.

The prize is presented at the beginning of March by the President of the Government of Catalonia and consists of a cash prize (in 2005 it was 80,000 euros) and a work of art.

President of the Government of Catalonia
The president of the Government of Catalonia (Catalan: President de la Generalitat de Catalunya, IPA: [pɾəziˈðen də lə ʒənəɾəliˈtad də kətəˈluɲə]) is head of government of Catalonia, leading the executive branch of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government.

It is one of the bodies that the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia stipulates as part of the Generalitat de Catalunya, others being the Parliament, the Govern or Executive Council, the Council for Statutory Guarantees, and the Catalan Ombudsman (Síndic de Greuges).

The current president is Salvador Illa of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, who won a plurality in the 2024 Catalan regional election and formed the first unionist government in Catalonia since 2010.
2022 Karlsruhe Open
The 2022 Karlsruhe Open (also known as the Liqui Moly Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 3rd edition of the tournament and part of the 2022 WTA 125 tournaments, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. It took place in Karlsruhe, Germany between 10 and 15 May 2022.

Karlsruhe Open
The Karlsruhe Open is a WTA 125-level professional women's tennis tournament. It takes place on outdoor clay courts, around the months of July and August at the Tennis Club Rüppurr in the city of Karlsruhe in Germany. The prize money is $115,000.
Sierra Point (Brisbane)
Sierra Point is a small artificial peninsula that extends eastward into the San Francisco Bay from the eastern shore of the San Francisco Peninsula, located in Brisbane, San Mateo County, California (although the south part of the business park extends into South San Francisco).  It lies entirely east of U.S. Route 101.  There are several class A office buildings at Sierra Point including the Dakin Building and the former Hitachi building.  The Brisbane Marina is on the eastern shore of Sierra Point. The San Francisco Bay Trail runs along the waterfront of the peninsula and continues south into the Oyster Point area of South San Francisco.

San Mateo County, California
San Mateo County, officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City is the county seat, the third-most populated city in the county after Daly City and San Mateo.

San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA (metropolitan statistical area), Silicon Valley, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. As of 2020, it has a median household income of $128,091, the fourth-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia, and Santa Clara County, California.

The county covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. The county is predominantly suburban and is home to many corporate campuses.
Parkbeg
Parkbeg is a hamlet in Wheatlands Rural Municipality No. 163, Saskatchewan, Canada. The hamlet is located at the junction of Highway 1 and Highway 627 approximately 58 km directly west of the City of Moose Jaw on the Trans Canada Highway.

Moose Jaw
Moose Jaw is the fourth largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lying on the Moose Jaw River in the south-central part of the province, it is situated on the Trans-Canada Highway, 177 km (110 mi) east of Swift Current and 77 km (48 mi) west of Regina. Residents of Moose Jaw are known as Moose Javians. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Moose Jaw No. 161.

Moose Jaw is an industrial centre and a critical railway junction for the area's agricultural produce. CFB Moose Jaw, located a few kilometres south of the city, is a NATO flight training school and is home to the Snowbirds, Canada's military aerobatic air show flight demonstration team. Moose Jaw also has a casino and geothermal spa.
Terceto Yoyo
Terceto Yoyo was a Cuban son trio active during the 1920s. It was formed by Heliodoro "Yoyo" Rodríguez (güiro), Jesús "Chuchú" Arístola (marímbula) and Celedonio Hernández (guitar). They recorded up to twenty songs for Victor in Havana, enjoying great popularity at the time, although only three of their recordings have survived. These are considered the oldest son recordings featuring the marímbula, together with those by the Sexteto Habanero.

Their recording of the "El cangrejito" is the only one issued on CD, as it was included in the Hot Music from Cuba 1907-1936 compilation released by Harlequin Records.

In the early 1960s, Chuchú, Yoyo and Celedonio briefly reunited for a tour promoted by the new Revolutionary Government; Chuchú had to retire from the tour for health reasons.

Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer, incorporated in 1901. Victor was an independent enterprise until 1929 when it merged with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and became the  RCA Victor Division of the Radio Corporation of America.

Established in Camden, New Jersey, Victor was the largest and most prestigious firm of its kind in the world, best known for its use of the iconic "His Master's Voice" trademark, the design,  production and marketing of the popular "Victrola" line of phonographs and the company's extensive catalog of operatic and classical music recordings by world famous artists on the prestigious Red Seal label. After Victor merged with RCA in 1929, the company maintained its eminence as America's foremost producer of records and phonographs until the 1960s.
Peter Hunter Hamilton
Peter Hunter Hamilton (1800–1857) was a businessman in British North America.

Hamilton was born in 1800 at Queenston Heights, Upper Canada. He was a younger half-brother of George Hamilton, the founder of Hamilton, Ontario.

He owned extensive lands in the area, including lot 15 concession 3, purchased from George in 1823, which served as a drill ground for the local militia and in 1851 became the site of Central School. He also owned the site of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, now St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, of which he was an elder in 1835. St. Paul's is now a national historical heritage site.

He died in 1857 at Hamilton, Ontario, and was buried in Hamilton Cemetery.

Queenston Heights
43°09′37″N 79°03′08″W﻿ / ﻿43.16028°N 79.05222°W﻿ / 43.16028; -79.05222

The Queenston Heights is a geographical feature of the Niagara Escarpment immediately above the village of Queenston, Ontario, Canada. Its geography is a promontory formed where the escarpment is divided by the Niagara River. The promontory forms a cliff face of approximately 100 m (approximately 300 ft).
John James Smith
John James "J.J." Smith (9 May 1912 – 23 June 1987) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Storthoaks, Saskatchewan, Canada, he was educated at Fertile, Saskatchewan and became a farmer by career.

Smith became reeve of Storthoaks No. 31, Saskatchewan, the youngest person in Saskatchewan at that time to hold a municipal leadership.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Moose Mountain riding in the 1949 general election. After serving his only federal term, the 21st Canadian Parliament, Smith was defeated in the 1953 election by Edward McCullough of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. Smith was unsuccessful at winning the Moose Mountain riding in 1957 and 1958.

J.J. Smith died on 23 June 1987 at Winnipeg. He had resided in Burnaby, British Columbia at the time of his death.

1958 Canadian federal election
The 1958 Canadian federal election was held to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second-largest percentage of the popular vote; only Unionist Prime Minister Robert Borden’s triumph in the 1917 federal election, at 56.93 percent, was higher. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958-seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority). Voter turnout was 79.4%, the highest percentage of eligible electors to cast a ballot in Canadian federal election history.
2004 OFC Nations Cup squads
The 2004 OFC Nations Cup was an international football tournament that was held in Adelaide, Australia from 29 May to 6 June 2004 (with a two-legged final taking place on 9 and 12 October 2004). The 6 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of players; only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament.  An initial four-team qualifying phase took place in Samoa and the Solomon Islands from 10 to 19 May 2004 allowing the top four, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tahiti and Vanuatu, to move on and join Australia and New Zealand at the main tournament.

Players marked (c) were named as captain for their national squad. Players' club teams and players' age are as of 29 May 2004 – the tournament's opening day.

New Zealand men's national football team
The New Zealand men's national football team (Māori: Tīma hoka a-motu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the governing body for football in New Zealand, New Zealand Football (NZF), which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The team's official nickname is the All Whites (Māori: Ōmā [ɔːmaː]).

The team represented New Zealand at the FIFA World Cup tournaments in 1982 and 2010, and are set to appear in the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It also participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup in 1999, 2003, 2009, and 2017. New Zealand is a six-time OFC Nations Cup champion. New Zealand was the only unbeaten country in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, drawing all three group stage games; nevertheless, they were eliminated in the group stage.